i rnc:s ^=tiss= CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY I 1 1 I I I I -a I I I s BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 189I BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE F 627C3''h67" """"*"' ""^ *^'*!niiilfi»iMlii,Sf!f* *'°""*Xi 'owa; together olin 3 1924 028 913 840 Overs Cornell University Library The original of this bool< is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028913840 I*: - j m :.A^ -^ . v: HISTORY r OF CASS COUNTY, lo-w^. TOGETHER WITH SKETCHES OF ITS TOWNS, , VILLAGES AND TOWNSHIPS. EDUCATIONAL CIVIL, MILITAHY AND POLITICAL HISTORY : PORTRAITS OF PROMINENT PERSONS, AND BIOGRAPHIES OF OLD SETTLERS AND ' / . . REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS \ HISTORY OF IOA¥A, EMBRACING ACCOUNTS OF THE PREHISTORIC RACES, AND A BRIEF REVIEW OF ITS CIVIL, POLITICAL AND MILITARY HISTORY. ILLUSTRATED. SPRiiiorrai.D, IiiL. : COHTTNBNTAI, HiSTOBICAL COMPANY. 1881. JiL. (. k a 1. 1 ! A J\ ^) h h TO THE PIONEERS OF Cass County, Iowa, THIS VOLTJMB IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, WITH THE HOPE THAT THEIB VIETtTES MAT BE BMITLATBD AND THKIE TOILS AND SACKIFICES DULY APPRECIATED BY COMING GSNBBATIONS. JOURNAL CO., Printers, SPRINOFIELD, iLIi. J. L. BEQAN & CO., BinsBRS, Chicago, Itt. i<3 \^ ^^ ri^ fe^ PREFACE ; The importance of preserving in concise form the traditions of the past has never i "been questioned, nor the usefulness of local history been disputed. Believing I that the county of Cass afforded most excellent material for a good county ■i ihistory, the Continental Historical Company placed in the field a full corps of experi- enced historians, prepared to spare no time or money in compiling a complete and ; jreliable work. The manuscript of this history has been submitted to the com- 1 mittee chosen by your own citizens for the purpose, who, after a critical examination i of them, have approved of our work. We feel confident that we here present our patrons with a work that is as correct as it is possible for humanity to make. That errors have crept in, and may be found, we do not doubt. Man is at the best but a : fallible creature, but every statement herein published is honestly believedln by the parties furnishing the information, by the historians, and by the committee of revis- ion. All desire the truth, and nothing but the truth. They gave much time and labor to the work, and deserve the thanks of the citizens of the county for^the faithful i discharge of the trust reposed in them. Our thanks are due to the numerous friends who have so kindly assisted us in gathering up items and assisting in the compilation of this volume. We cannot name them all, for their name is legion, but we must'not ; forget to mention Rufus H. Frost, Hon. Lafayette Young, J. H. Willey, V. M. . Conrad, Jeremiah Bradshaw, J. W. Brown, William Whitney, Samuel Holaday, R. D. McGeehon, J. B. Erion, Thomas Meredith, Charles H. Hebing, V. M. Bradshaw and others, the press and the gentlemanly officials of the county. Nor must we forget to remember and thank the historians of the company who , have labored so hard and faithfully for the good of all — James S. Walters and Charles W. Moseley, general historians; Maurice E. Power, C. W, Demmon, James McFarland, i J. J. Rising, E. F. Graves, E. D. Dudley, J. H. Power, local historians; W. B. Weth, ; erbee, manager of the illustration department; Mrs. W. B. Wetherbee and Miss ■ Adele Walters, editors of the biographical department. All have tried to do their duty well, and please the company and our patrons. In conclusion, we would say that our work is done; the History of Cass County is before you. We cheerfully hope it will please you. Yours Very Truly, THE CONTINENTAL HISTORICAL COMPANY. Speingfibld, Illinois, December, 1884, ^1 ^ TABLE OF CONTENTS. HISTORY OF IOWA. CHA.HTER I. PAOB INTEODUCTOET 17 Original Inhabitants 17 Mound Builders 18 The Bed Men 18 Discovery of the Mississippi IB Marquette 19 LaSalle 20 Purchase of Lousiana 20 CHAPTER 11. INDIANS AND INDIAN WAES.. 21 Thelllinois, Sacs and Foxes 21 Thelowas 22 War between Sacs and Foxes and lowas 22 TheSioux 24 Blacli Hawlc War 31 Battle of Bad-Axe S3 CHAPTER HI. INDIAN TREATIES 36 Blaclt Hawk Treaty 36 Sacs and Fox Treaty 38 Treaty with the Sioux .89 Treaty with the Sacs : 39 Treaty with the Foxes 39 Treaty with the lowas 40 Treaty with the Sacs of Eoclc Biver 40 Treatyotl824 I......... 40 Treatyofl830 40 •Treaty with Sacs, Foxes and otherTribes 41 Treaty with the Winnebagos 41 Treaty of 18;>6, with the Sacs an d Foxes 42 Treaty of 1837 42 Treaty of EelincLUishment 42 Treatyofl843 42 CHAPTER IV. EABLY SETTLEMENTS 43 The Dubuque Settlement 43 The Giard Settlement 43 The Montrose Settlement 43 The Burlington Settlement 43 The Keokuk Settlement 43 Bules for the Government of Dubuque 45 Military Interference with Settlements 45 PAGE Extinguishment of Indian Titles 46 The Fort Madison Settlement 47 FlintHills 47 The Davenport Settlement ' 48 Clayton County Settlement 48 CouncilBlufls 48 DesMoines 49 CHAPTER y. TBBEITOHIAL AND STATE OEGANIZATIONS. 50 Territory of Wisconsin 50 Territorial Council 50 Organization of Counties 51 Territory of Iowa 51 FirstTerritorial Officers ;.. 51 First Iowa Territorial Legislature 52 First Session of the Legislature 52 A Stormy Session 62 Selection of the Capital 52 lowaCity....' 53 Loan for the Completion of the State House. . 53 Woman's Bights 54 The Missouri War 55 Attempt at State Organization 56 Constitutional Convention... 56 Second Constitutional Convention 57 Election of State Officers 67 Salaries of State Officers 58 CHAPTER VI. GEOWTH AND DEVJELOPMENTOF THE STATE 58 State School Superintendent . . . , 88 Public Buildings.... 69 Location of State University ,.. 59 Appointment of Supreme Judges 60 Eailroad Buildings 62 Organization of the Eepublioan Party ra gonstltutioual Convention 64 es Moines Chosen the State Capital 64 Census by Counties 67 CHAPTER VII. GEOLOGr— TOPOQEAPHT— WATEE COUESES 69 Azoic System 70 Lower Silurian System TO Upper Silurian System 71 r^ TABLE OF CONTENTS. Devonian System 71 Carboniferous System ■. 71 Cretacious System 75 Peat 76 Gypsum 78 Minor -Deposits —Sulphate of Lime 78 Sulphate of Strontia , 78 Sulphate of Haryta 78 Sulphate of Magnesia 78 Ciimat-j 79 Topography 79 Lakes and Streams , . . 80 CHAPTER VIII. IOWA AND THE KEBBJLLION 89 Kesyonse to the Nation's Call 90 irstlntantry 98 Seconfl Infantry 97 Third Infantry 97 Fiiurth Infantry ' 98 Fifth Infantry 98 Sixth Infantry 98 Seventh Infantry 98 Eighth Infantry 99 Ninth Infantry 99 T. nth Infantry 99 Eleventh Infantrv 100 Twelfth Infantry lOi) Thirteenth Infantry 101 Fourteenth Infantry 101 Fi I toenth 1 nf antry 101 Sixteenth Infantry 102 Seventeenth Infantry ■.. 102 Eighteenth Infantry 10^ Nineioe-'th Infantry 103 Twentie-li Infantry '. 103 Twenty-flrst Infantry liiil Twenty-si'oond Infantry 104 Twenty-third' Infantry ._ 104 Twenty-fourth Infantry 105 Tweniy fifth Infant. y J.Ti Twenty-sixth .Infantry ICS Twenty-seventh Infantry ]u5 Twenty-eighth Infantry lOB ~ ...... I^,j Iiiii 1(7 lOT lli7 101 Twent.v-ninth Infantry Thirtieth infantry Thirty-fl st Infantry Thirty-second Infantry Thirty-third 1 nfantry . Thirty-fourth Infantry Ihirts-fifth Infantry ins Thirty-sixth Infantry Hjy Thiriy-seventh Infantry .- 108 Thirty eighth Infantry 109 Thirty-ninth Infantry 109 Fortieth Infantry , 110 Kojty-flrstliitiintr.v :. 110 Forty-fourth Infantry llo Forty- Ufthlnfiintry... m Forty-sixth Infani ry m Forty-seventh Infantry ill Forty-eighth Infantry ill Fir-t Cavali-y Ill Second Cavalry 112 Third Cavalry 112 Fourth Cavalry " na Kifth Cavalry 113 Sixth Cavalry 113 Seventh Cavalry U3 Eighth Cavalry 114 Ninth t?avalrv ...114 First Battery 114 Second Battery 114 Third Battery Hg Fourth Battery 115 Iowa Ktgiment of Colored Troops 116 Northern Border Brigade 115 Southern Border Brigade U5 Promotions. 115 CHAPTER IX. PAGE EDUCATIONAL-STATE INSTITUTIONS 117 The First School House .n 117 Act for the Establishment 01 Common Schools. 118 The State University 131 State Normal School 123 State Agricultural College 124 Other Colleges and Universities 124 Deaf and Dumb Institute 126 College for the Blind 126 Iowa Hospital for the Insane 127 Hospital for the Insane at Independence 128 Soldiers' Orphans' Home 128 A.oylum for Feeble Minded Children 129 Penal Institutions 129 Anami IS 1 Penitentiary 130 Boys' Keform t^chool 130 State Historical Society 131 State Agricultural Society 131 Fish-Hatching House 131 CHAPTER X. POLITICA! 132 First Election 132 Campaign of 1840 132 Campaign of 1841 132 Campaign of 1842 134 Campaign of 1843 134 Campaign of 1844 184 Constitutional Convention 136 Campaign of 1846 i:iB Campaign of 1847 138 Campaign of 1848 UO Campaign of 1849 143 Campaign of 18,50 146 campaign of 1851 147 Campaign of 1852 ... 147 Campaign of 1853 149 Campaign of 1854 150 Campaign of 1855 152 Campaign of 18.56 153 Campaign of 1867 154 Campaign of 1858 157 Campaign of 18.59 1.59 Campaign of 1860 '. , 163 Cainpaig.i of 1881 166 iDampiiign of 1882 ]67 Campaign of 1863 .170 Campaign of 1864 .17^ Campaign of 1865 " " 173 Campaign of 1886 ne Campaign of 1867 . " 179 Campaign of 1868 igd Campaign of 1*^69 ig;.; Campaign ot 1870 "" isTl Campaign of 1871 18-1 Campaign of 1872 isc Campaign of 1873 i8!i Campaign of 1874 jg\ Campaign of 1875 194 Campa gn of 1876 ]% Cimpflign of 1877 ' ' ]9« Campaign of 1878 20I Campaign of 1879 ' ' 201 Campaign of 1880 210 Campaign of 1881 212 CHAPTER XI. TEHKITOHIAL AND STATE OFFICERS— Robert Lucas .. .. 215 John Chambers 220 James Clarke 22:1 Other Territorial Officers ! 227 StateOffloers 227 ^ rfv 1 VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY- CHAPTER I. INTEODUCTION. FAOB .. 231 CHAPTER n. PHYSICAL GEOGBAPHT 233 Sub-divlBions 234 CHAPTER m. THE ABOBIGINES 235 CHAPTER IV. BABLT SETTLEMENT Mormans Permanent Settlement Early Voters FiretEvents - Uelics of the Aborigines Political Speeches CHAPTER V. PIONEEB LIFE CHAPTER VI. EBMINISCBNCBS, INCIDENTS, ETC. By a. D. Geehon Story of Casper Schain Belle Macomber The Coffin Case... From an Old Settler's Diary By Thomas Meredith A Mysterious Murder By H. A. Disbrow ByG. B. Olney CHAPTER VII. COITNTY GOVEBNMBNT. Board of Supervisors ... CHAPTEP VIII. OTHER OFFICIAL MATTERS. Population Civil Townships — ; Town Plats Matrimonial Financial Stock Registry of Deeds 240 241 244 254 255 268 260 261 274: 278 279! 280 280: 282. 200 291' 297 301 ; 3071 307 309 310 311 317 319 320 f- CHAPTER IX. POLITICAL OfflolaiVote CHAPTER X. NATIONAL, STATE AND COUNTY BEPEE- 8ENTATION CongresMonal County Judge County Auditor Becorder 321 341 341 350 352 365 ^ PAOB Treasurer and Beeorder .. 366 County Treasurer 357 .County Beoorder 359 .Clerk of the Court 360 Sheriffs 363 County Surveyors 369 Coroner 372 Drainag'e Commissioner 373 CHAPTER XI. CASS COTTNTY COURTS.. 373 District Court 374 CircuitCourt 379 CountyCourt 380 CHAPTER XII. THE BAR 381 Attorneys of Atlantic 383 Attorneys of Lewis 390 Barof Anita 890 Bar of GriBwold 391 CHAPTER XIII. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION.. 392 Fbvsicians of Lewis 394 Physicians of Atlantic 397 Physicians of Griswold 404 Physicians of Reno > 406 Physicians of Anita 406 Marae Doctors 408 WiotaDoctors 408 Medical Association 408 CHAPTER XIV. ECCLESLASTICAL 409 CHAPTER XV. THE PRESS OF CASS COUNTY 430 Cass County Gazette 433 Atlantic Messenger i. 438 Atlantic Weekly Telegraph 440 Atlantic Daily Telegraph....... 442 AnltaTimes 444 Cass County Democrat .' 445 # Dally Democrat.. 446 AnltaTimes 447 CapSheaf 450 The Northwestern Journal 451 •Lewis Independent 464 Marae Message 455 People's Advocate 466 Sunday Morning Clipper 457 AnitaTribune 458 Griswold Advocate 461 CHAPTER XVI. EDUCATIONAL 462 School Fund Commissioner 471 County Superintendent of Schools 471 CHAPTER XVII. RAILROADS 474 «', >.|^" 4* TABLE OF CONTENTS. vn CHAPTER XVin. PAGE THE WAR FOB THE UNION 476 Fourth Infantry 481 Twelftk, Thirteenth and Fifteenth Infantry . 489 Twenty-third Infantry 489 Thirty-ninth Infantry 495 Forty-sixth Infantry 499 Fiwt, Second, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth Cavalry. 4B9 First Battery, Ligrbt Artillery 499 First Nebraska Cavalry 499 Boll of Honor 499 CHAPTER XIX. CASS TOWNSHIP 502 .B^rly Settlement 503 Organization 526 IRANIBTAN '. 628 UnyiAVTOws 528 LBWIS 529 Business Interests. , '. 533 Societies 544 PostofBce 547 Municipal— Historic Crumbs 548 Educational 649 CHAPTER XX. PTMOSA TOWNSHIP 585 Organic 665 jJarly Settlement 656 Educational 574 Postofflce 676 Historic 576 CHAPTER XXI. VICTORIA TOWNSHIP 678 Early Settlement 578 Organic— Educational 585 Historic Events 586 CHAPTER XXII. BBIGHTON TOWNSHIP 687 Early Settlement 688 Educational 606 Officers 808 Marne 608 Hotels 617 Societies 618 Postofflce— Educational 623 CHAPTER XXIII. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP 624 Early Settlement 626 Educational 633 Historic- Organic 635 CHAPTER XXIV. BENTON TfjWNSHIP 636 » Early Settlement 636 Educational— Government 6.51 Cowboys 652 CHAPTER XXV. NOBLE TOWNSHIP 654 Organization and Growth 654 Early Settlement 665 German Settlement 664 Educational 880 Postofflce— Officers 688 CHAPTER XXVI. GRANT "TOWNSHrP '. 682 Early Settlement 683 Organic and Educational 693 AsiTA 694 Municipal 696 Business 696 Educational— Lodges 707 CHAPTER XXVII. BEAR GROVE TOWNSHIP . Early Settlement Organic , Postofflce— Educational . . . CHAPTER XXVIII. UNION TOWNSHIP. Early Settlement.. Educational Organic Historic CHAPTER XXIX. EDNA TOWNSHIP Early Settlement Reno Edna Postofflce Historic— Educational . CHAPTER XXX. LINCOLN TOWNSHIP Early Settlement ... "AThoushl" ,. Historical Items Educational Organic CHAPTER XXXI. MASSENA TOWNSHIP Early Settlement Educational Organic CHAPTER XXXII. FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP Early Settlement Oiganization— Educational . First Items WlOTA Business Development. . . . Postofflce— Society Municipal— Cornet Band . . CHAPTER XXXIII. PLEASANT TOWNSHIP Early Settlement >■ Historic EducHtional Religious Griswold The Beginning T. Business Development Societies CHAPTER XXXIV. ATLANTIC TOWNSHIP Early Settlement Early Items and Incidents Grovb City Business Interests— Postofflce. . . . Educational— Hotel Atlantic The Beginning Municipal ,- Business Development Banks Hotels Waterworks Postofflce Societies Press Fires Presbyterian Church Atlantic Schools, by R. H. Frost. 710 710 731 732 733 734 747 748 749 749 750 760 762 762 764 764 771 77S 776 776 776 777 786 788 789 800 807 807 808 820 821 821 823 829 831 832 841 8,50 851 852 852 853 855 857 887 881 884 902 904 f^ ^♦"V -i . ..^ ' a f ^ « . 5?ln TABLE OF CONTENTS. BIOGRAPHICAL. PAGE PAGE PAGE PAGE Aborn, Charles H... 6+7 Blaser, Nicholas 675 Conrad, George 838 Edwards, Wm. B 735 Ackerman, Henry . . 665 Blakeslee, Obed 605 Conrad, V.M a55 Edwards, George L 758 Ackerman, Jolm H. B7U Blakesley, E.W 77(1 Cool, William ....... 780 Bgan, Dr.Wm. C 401 Adams, Bobert D. . . Agrnes, John 816 683 Blackledge, W. C... Bock, Georere 6+6 7+1 Coon, Thomas Coomes, Oliver...... 635 . ,3+8 Eller.Jesse 789 Eller,John 790 Albee, Benj ii6U Boggs, H. V 7+3 Corbit, William . 835 Elliott, Stephen N.... .596 Albee, William 86y Boggs, Henry BoUer, John 7++ Corbitt, James D.... . 737 Elsey, GeorgeM 523 Alexander, L. L itra 7)8 Cotton, Holton G... . 509 Ely, Thomas 664 • Alexander. P. M 867 Bolton, W. P 566 Cox, Frank . 876 Bmmert, Dr J.M.... 400 Allen, E. D . 766 Bosley.L.M 697 Crawford, J. S . .553 Bngle, JohnM 797 Allen, Samuel 6H1 Bradshaw, Jeremiah 350 Crouch, George W... 590 Bppelsheimer, Geo... 677 Allanson. George .. Altig, William F. .. 771 Bradshaw, V. M 365 Crozier, John W . 7+0 Brion.J. B 455 fi9l Brackmah, A. .F 691 Crowner, T. M . ,599 Bshelman, A. S : 674 Andrews, Dr. L. M.. S9.5 Bradbury, John C... 719 Crosswait, James P. . 605 Eshelman, Joseph 674 Andrews, Jacob 56;^ Breen Bros 760 Crosswait, Eli M .... . 606 Eukon,Mrs.Catharlne 798 Andrews, W. W 715 Brenton, John 75L Cromwell, J. S 6+3 Evans. Thomas C.;.. 663 Andrews, Key. John 55 J Brenton, Wm. F..;.. 751 Culver, A. L . 703 Everett, William S... 559 Anderson, Lorenzo. 891 Brewster, John ..... .571 Curtis, Charles M.... . 605 Anderson, Louis 689 Bright, Alberts 757 Curtis, Hon. S. K.... . 3+1 Farmer, William .... 713 Anderson, O.J.., ... 1719 Brott, Sylvanus .-- 8+3 Felt, George 800 Archer, John 75+ Brown, Theodore H 836 Daft, Uriah 655 Felt, SelhH ,... 766 Archer, William A , . 875 Brown, Charles 691 Dalzell, George , 798 Finch, P. M. 793 Brown, Joseph A... .566 Danforth, T. C . 78+ Findlay, John.... 613 Bacon H.E 359 Brown, H. M 631 Dasher, Philip . 798 Findley, Dr. David.. 399 Uaer, Edward A. ... Ran Brown, Orson...: ... 638 Davis, Dr. R . 407 Fish, George P 783 Bagley, W. A 6,sn Brown, James M 639 Davis, Dr. M. J . 5+7 Fitch, Rev. Lemon.. 687 Bagshaw, Robert ... . 58+ Brown, [George S. 513 Davis, Samuel . .507 Frost, RufusH 473 Bailey, Alfred. Bailey, John E . 687 6»i Brown, J. W 388 390 Davis, Thomas Davis, J. C . 655 6.56 Frost, L.P - 706 Fudge, William 601 Bruce, .lames E Bailey, R. H . 858 ,539 Bruce, Harrison Bruff, James B. 513 38» Davis, Robert Dean, Edward . 658 . 839 Gant, Jacob ..-765 Ba,ker, J. W Halker, C. W 535 Brunner, George . - . 819 Dealy, John . 735 Gannon, Dr. S. E. H. 395 Baker, I. W 51 a Bryan, Daniel 791 Deckman, Rev. J... . 893 Garner, John T 524 Baker, Charles 693 Bryant, Dr. Francis A . +05 Deeds, Cornelius W. . 6+7 Gardner, Andrew &50 Ball, Francis B 363 Buckley, Wm. E 785 DeLano, L. L . 38+ Gardner, Win 254 Balding, Jeremiah. . 8;w Burke, B. V 865 Denham.C 779 Gardner, W. A ,536 Baldwin, C. K Ballard, 0. R 360 562 Burke, Rev. W. F... Burruss, John W +3U 601 Desmond, John Desmond, M. F . 574 ..574 Garvin S W .811 Gaule, Rev. B 892 Barry, Richard. 573 Buschmann, P. J. . 675 Devore, Joshua. ... . .579 Gentle, John 799 Barnes, Albert T. . . . 720 Butler, Robert B.... .561 Dlckerson, Isaac . 3,57 Gerberich, John P... 368 Bartsche, John. 715 Butler, Edward .563 Dierkson, C. A . 631 Gerlach, Justus 678 Barnett, J. S Bartlett, CD 367 70n Byrd, James L..,. Byrd, Abraham S... 556 .5.57 Dill, John. . 642 .533 Gibson, Lee 866 i^illespie. J.E 866 Disbrow, Samuel Bartles, Mrs. Tabitha . 796 Disbrow, LeviE - SSi Gillett, William 632 Barnwell, Dr. J. H.. 398 Cady, DewittC 595 Disbrow, William H. . 564 Gilbaugh. John 770 Bauerle, John 67+ Calkins, K. W 685 Disbrow, Hiram A... . 3ftfi Gingery, George W . . 562 Baughman, William 81)8 Campbell, .lohnD... 3++ Disbro wiPamil V - 291 Gochauoier, A. C 645 Baxter, James M axi Campbell. Byron B. . ,561 Dodge, Dr. CM . 343 Goodale. Jefferson... 2+8 Beason, Lewis. 6+0 Campbell, Dr. C. L. . 397 Dodge, G. M 3*3 Goodale, Frank C 573 Gordon, Henry 59.f Beatty, Dr. T. B +07 Cannon, Dr. J. W. +01 Dolan, Lawrence. .. 814 Beecher, Stephen... 69!! Carpenter, George H . 818 Dolan, Jamea J . 388 Gray, Alfreds 030 Beekman, Caaper.... 816 Carver, Seymour .56+ Dolch, Herman ■677 Graham, Dr. W.F. . +03 Bell, Richard .581 Case, A. A ,5+0 Donnel, Samuel.-... 6+7 Graham, Rev.W. M.. 730 Bell, Henry 8+5 676 Case, Geo. F Cate, Edwin 716 6.15 Downs, Dr. IJ. B .... Downs, Levi 537 8,57 Graham. John W. ... 736 Graham, Hlrani J...- 540 Berg, August Berg, John 678 Cate, Benj.C 703 Dressier, Martin .583 Graves, Dr. M. N.--. 871 Berg, William 679 Cayanaugh, Terry . . 888 Dressier, Lewis 7a5 Green, Benton 567 Berry, Robert A 596 Chambers, William. 704 DuBois, Jonathan... 568 Green, John H 736 Berry. William 593 Charles, John A 6+1 Duncan, John 8+0 Grenneil, Thos B glO Berry, John W .593 Chtlds, Junius 8++ Duncan, William . 8+3 Griffith, LevlH 643 Berry, William... 598 Chizum, G. I 358 Dunn, James ... 510 Griswold, H.E fi64 Bibb, Charles 658 Christie. William Jr. 806 Dunham, Bgerton... 601 [ Bioket, Thomas N... 737 Churchill, A. S 385 Durham , Lewis L Hall, J.B 658 Bioking, Martin BT9 Claibornq, Richard B 4+9 Dutcher, (.;has. W... 754 Hammond, J. E 863 Bishop, Lewis C 849 Coe, Capt. James H.. ,553 Dwigans. James F.. . 769 Hampel, John 676 A Blake, Hiram 783 Collins, John A .589 Easton, W. H Eastman, B. F . 3+7 Hansen, George 602 ■ % Blake, James..., 637 CoUman, William H.. 583 78+ Hansen, Henry. 604 Hai'denbergh. Thos.. 8+5 » Blake, Patrick 638 Colton, L. L ..„ 816 Edwards, Joseph.... 753 j iV (, r- ^» (B A » >- _ .a •) 1 I^.. ^^' r ' ^ TABLE OF CONTENTS. IX PAOB PAGE PAGE PAGE. Harris, Albert T... Harris, Charles W., . 587 ,5,59 827 875 McWaid, J. A Macomber, K. W.... 880 344 Paine, David W Parker, Wm. W 799 870 Kerrick, W H Keyee, John. Harlan, Samuel 371 364 Macomber, Frank J. 390 Parmely. R. F 640 Harvey, J. L «14 Keys, George 788 Macomber, Dr. A. P. 402 Patterson. C. S ... 391 Harding, Dick 386 Kilburn, G. F :. 346 Macomber, Mrs. Dr.. 402 Pearson, Rich. M 883. Hatton, Lem. C 368 Kimpson, Hugh ' 7.58 Magee. George 791 Peprman, Rev. B. F. 615 Hawes, BdwardD... 4va King, Samuel S 770 Maher, Pierce 890 Pellet, George J 598 Hawortl), William W .,5(1.5 Kinse.v, Thomas V... 578 Major, Dr. E. B ... 407 Pelzer, Henry . 668. Hayden, J. A 874 Kirk,JohuE fse Man Vi lie, Chaa. S .. 8X5 Pennell, Geo'-gr K . 885 Hayward, Henry J.. 633 Kirk, li.M. 868 Marsh, Walter P 648 Perkins. William R. 615 Haymaker, Edwin.. .558 Knoke, Christian ... 670 Marsh, Charles 649 Perry, Edwin 737 Hazlett, JoboO 7U'i Knoke, William 679 Marsh, L. D 717 Peter", William E... 684 Hebing:. Charles H... 711 Koch, Adolph 611 Marsh, Jesse A 718 Peters, Jorome N .. Petit. Wilflam A... 714 Heblnr, G. A 745 Koob, A 690 Marsh, Ezra M 729 746 H^njpel, Jacob 670 Kreamer. Wra. H.,.. . 78H Marshal!, Michael... ■(78 Pettinger, Pro.'pi-r.. . 736 Henry, Francis L. . 643 Kreitzberg, Wm 673 Marshall, Jesse. . - 834 Pettv, Samuel 689 Henderson, B. W... 360 Krouse, John 581 Martin, Dr Josiah B 40.> Petty, Grorgo H... 689 Henderson, John J. 769 Kuester, Henry 676 Martin, Kev. W.C... 480 Phelps, K. G 383 Hendricks, Col. G. t .703 Kuestrr, Charles 680 Martin, M. W. 713 Phillips, E. B 533 Herbert, J. B .5M4 Kuhl, J.M 888 Martin. Jacob T .... 714 Pine, A. D 864 Herbert, Franklin.. .594 Kuhn, Jacob . ;<4» Martin, W. H. 716 Pipher, Dr. John.... 408 Herbert, Joseph K. 595 Masteller. William.. ,597 Pogue. Dr. J. I 408 Herbert, B. E 367 Laing, John M .585 Melcher. C. A 8.59 Piach, Joshua 888 Hetrlck, Martin L .- . &A) Lamb, John W 560 Meredith, Thos . 282 Porter, Wih. M 781 Hewitt, Merritt.. .. 593 Lamoreaux, Jamison 797 Mercer. Jesse T 7.5,5 Porter, B-lwa.d 7,52 Hill, Kev. Edwins.. 411 Lamson, Byron . 873 Meyer, John 67-1 PowPll, C. H . 599 Hill, AV; A 8i!5 Langue, Wni. M 7.59 Middaugh, N. B.. . 725 Prall, Lcander 781 Hoblitt, Morris 833 Langwonhy, L. L... 780 Mills, Oliver 347 Pr,.li, Wilson 843 Holete, William 580 Larry, John 6B1 Miller, Alanson 717 Prull, Thaddcus 848 Holste, William, Jr. 580 Lee, Henry K 788 Miller, Michael J.... 718 Pratt, Mrs Ann W . 616 Holaday, Saml. M... 778 Lee, Edwin F Leslie, John 739 Miller, Jos. C 767 Pray, Lewis — 668 Holdorf, Gottleib... 679 ',.57 MiUer, Robert fi.57 Pressnall, J. S . . . 368 Hoose, T; J 515 Letz, Michiiel 669 Miller; ArlindenC... 6,57 Pringey , Herman . . . 667 Hopl Listim, Henson S.... 666 Moore, Seaborn 698 Reber, Dr. P 402 Huhn. Jost-ph S . 614 Liter, Andrew 768 Morgan, James S 795 Reeeman, JM\ o-oopM- of t^vc- Sc'Z-tifi.oate, didvt^b •few tfva SowM^vvtic* of 0{^ Settfc^^; oppoUvtc-b to •M/vi** ckvvb coM>ftct tl^C' 3Ci-»tot^ of So** £oit>vtu, iowc- ttveit' -utvHost to ptob'M-cc- <»■ tc-f iO'OM. a-M-b coi-npfe-tc- 3f i»toM+ of titft C(yuyviu. "^^c foWovuivKj i^ tfwc- Se-t^fi-ca-te. of tfi« Coi44-vwittft«. : ^We, t?w. ^M^i^^ilia'^^'i■b Covt^vm-ttcc- of 0fb Sc-ttfc/ta of £a-»:> Cot-wwti^, SoviKV, ckppoMvte^b for- t?v«- ■purpose, of z-c^l^m-g the- cKi>tot-y of owr- ooutvtvj, tvovo ■&C44^ covkwpi-feb -few tfvc- Gon-ti-wC'nta^ 3Cl*toticc--kM-'6e«-, 1884, o-i-ib tfiat voe- ft.aue •Hiaba ci^ tft.c cotr-e^ctieii/^ ai^b abbitKVM^ Mj^icfv vue, i»i. ou-r- jiVbg- ■VM-c-M-t, bftc-Mi^b M*ce-»>a*M, otvb cw »o cot^coteb, ■w>c- app«ove of* t^e- 3a^^\■e,. S. £. £o«iIk 3ofm. gWe^, 2- °^- 9t^c®«.'tmott< a. 3Coo6, 3. SH. 3{iT4, a«.et>t Wci^efc^^, 4 ^ HISTORY OF IOWA. CHAPTER I. '-^ THE traveler, in wending liis way across the fair State of Iowa, wiih its evidences of civilization upon every hand; its magnificent churches with spires pointing heavenward; its school-houses almost upon every hill; palatial residences evincing wealth and refinement, cannot realize that, less than a half century ago, this "beautiful laijd" was the home only of the red man, who roamed at will over the fair and fertile prairies, hunting in the woods and fishing in its streams. The 'change would seem too great for him to realize. But it is indeed true. These churches, these school-houses, these pala- tial residence^, th se railroads, these tele- graph and telephone wires, all have been erected or placed here wiLhin the space of a half century. Before the advent of the Bed Men, who were found in possession by the Europeans, who inhabited this country, is a subjtet yet unsolved, and is shrouded in mystery. That there were human beings of a d^tinct race from the red men of later days, is gen- erally conceded, but scientists fail as yet to agree as to their nature and origin. That this continent is co-existent with the world of the ancients cannot be questioned. Every investigation instituted under the auspices of modern civilization confirms this fact. It is thought by many that the first inhabitants came from Asia, by way of Behring's Strait, and in large numbers. Magnificent cities and monuments were raised at the bidding of tribal leaders, and populous settlements centered with thriv- ing villages sprang up everywhere in man- ifestation of the progress of the people. For the last four hundred years the colo- nizing Caucasian has trodden on the ruins of a civilization whose greatness he could on'y surmise. Among these ruins are pyramids similar to those which have ren- dered Egypt famous. The pyramid of Chalula is square, each side of its base being 1,335 feet, and its height 172 feet. Another pyramid north of Vera Cruz is formed of large blocks of highly polished porphyry, and bears upon its front hiero- 1^ .■vK ^fc^ 18 HISTORY OF IOWA. glyphic inscriptions and curious sculpture. It is 82 feet square, and a flight of 57 steps conducts to its summit, wliioh is 65 feet high. The ruins of Palenque are said to extend 20 miles along the ridge of a moun- tain, and the remains of an Aztec city, near the banks of the Gila, are spread over more than a square league. The principal feature of the Aztec civilization which has come down to us was its religion, which we are told was of a dark and gloomy character. Each new god created by their priesthood, instead of arousing new life in the people, brought death to thousands; and their grotesque idols exposed to drown the senses of the beholders in fear, wrought wretchedness rather than spiritual happi- ness. In fact, fear was the great animating principal, the motive power which sustained this terrible religion. Their altars were sprinkled with blood drawn from their own bodies in large quantities, and on them thousands of human victim's were sacri- ficed in honor of the demons whom they worshipped. The head and heart of every captive taken in war were offered up as a sacrifice to the god of battles, while the victorious legions feasted on the remaining portions of the bodies. It is said that during the ceremonies attendant on the consecration of two of their tem- ples, the number of prisoners offered up in sacrifice was 12,210, while they them- selves contributed large numbers of volun- tary victims to the terrible belief. The race known as the Mound-Builders next attracts the attention of the ethnolo- gists. Throughout the Mississippi Valley, including many portions of Iowa, are found mounds and walls of earth, or stone, which ir*- can only have a human origin. 'These mounds vary -in size from a few feet to hundreds of feet in diameter. In them are often found stone axes, pestles, arrow- heads, spear-points, pieces of flint, and other articles. Pottery of various de- signs is very common in them, and from the material of which they are made geol- ogists have attempted to assigii their age. Some have thought that the Mound- Builders were a race quite distinct from the modern Indians, and that they were in an advanced state of civilization. The best authorities now agree that while the comparatively civilized people called the Aztecs built the cities whose ruins are occasionally found, the Mound-Builders were the immediate ancestors of the In- dians De Soto first saw, and little different from the Indians of to-day. The origin of the Red Men, or Ameri- can Indians, is a subject which interests as well as instructs. It is a favorite topic with the ethnologist, even as it is one of deep concern to the ordinary reader. A review of two works lately published on the origin of the Indians, treats the matter in a peculiarly reasonable light. It says : "Recently a German writer has put for- ward one theory on the subject, and an English writer has put forward another and directly opposite theory. The differ- ence in opinion concerning our aboriginals among authors who have made a profound study of races, is at once curious and in- teresting. Blumenbach treats them in his classifications as a distinct variety of the human family; but, in the three-fold divi- sion ofDr. Latham, they are ranked among the MongolidoB. Other writers on races -— » I4v filSTORT OF IOWA. 19 regard them as a branch of the great Mon- golian family, -which at a distant period found its way from Asia to this continent, and remained here for centuries separate from the rest of mankind, passing, mean- while, through divers phases of barbarism and civilization. Morton, oar eminent ethnologist, and his followers, Nott and Gliddon, claim for our native Red Men an origin as distinct as the flora and fauna of this continent. Pricbard, whose views are apt to differ from Morton's, finds reason to believe, on comparing the American tribes together, that they must have formed a separate, department of nations from the earliest period of the world. The era of their existence as a distinct and isolated people must probably be dated back to the time which separated into nations the in- habitants of the Old World, and gave to each its individuality and primitive lan- guage. Dr. Robert Brown, the latest authority, attributes, in his 'Races of Man- kind,' an Asiatic origin to our aboriginals, lie says that the Western Indians not only personally resemble their nearest neighbors — the Northeastern Asiatics — but they re- semble them in language and tradition. The Esquimaux on the American and the Tchuktcis on the Asiatic side understand one another perfectly. Modern anthro- pologists, indeed, are disposed to think that Japan, the Kuriles, and neighboring regions, may be regarded as the original home of the greater part of the native American race. It is also admitted by them that between the tribes scattered from the Arctic sea to Cape Horn there is more uniformity of physical feature tban is seen in any other quarter of the globe. The weight of evidence and au- thority is altogether in favor of the opin- ion that our so-called Indians are a branch of the Mongolian family, and all additional •researches strengthen the opinion. The tribes of both North and South America are unquestionably homogeneous, and, in all likelihood, had their origin in Asia, though they have been altered and modi- fied by thousands of years of total separa- tion from the present stock." If the conclusions arrived at by the reviewer is correct, how can one account for the vast difference in manner and form between the Red Man as he is now known, or even as he appeared to Columbus and his successors in the field of discovery, and the comparatively civilized inhabitants of Mexico, as seen in 1521 by Cortez, and of Peru, as witnessed by Pizarro in 1532 ? The subject is worthy of investigation. In the year 1541, Ferdinand DeSoto, a Spaniarl, discovered the Mississippi river, at the mouth of the Washita. He, how- ever, penetrated no further north than the 35th parallel of latitude, his death ter- minating the expedition. It was thus left for a later discoverer to first view the "beautiful land." In a grand council of Indians on the shores of Lake Superior, they told the Frenchmen glowing stories of the "great river" and the countries near it. Mar- quette, a Jesuit father, became inspired with the idea of discovering this noble river. He was delayed in this great un- dertaking, however, and spent the interval in studying the language and habits of the Illinois Indians, among whom he expected to travel. In 1673 he completed his pre- parations for the journey, in which he was to be accompanied by Joliet, an agent of ) 1^^ ^1 JU llil. 20 IIISTOEY OP IOWA. the French Government. The Indians, who had gathered in large numbers to wit- ness his departure, tried to dissuade him from the undertaking, representing that the Indians of the Mississippi Valley were cruel and blood-thirsty, and would resent the intrusion of strangers upon their do- main. The great river itself, they said, was the abode of terrible monsters, who could swallow both canoes and men. But Marquette was not diverted from' his pur- pose by these reports, and set out on his adventurous trip May 13; he reached, first, an Indian village where once had been a mission, and where he was treated hospit- ably; thence, with the aid of two Miami guides, he proceeded to the Wisconsin, down which he sailed to the great Missis- sippi, which had so long been anxiously looked for; floating down its unknown waters, the explorer discovered, on the 25th of June, traces of Indians on the west bank of the river, and landed a little above the river now known as the Des Moines. For the first time Europeans trod the soil of Iowa. Marquette remained here a short time, becoming acquainted with the In- dians, and then proceeded on his explora- ti(5hs. He descended the Mississippi to the Illinois, by which and Lake Michigan he returned to French settlements. Nine years later, in 1682, La Salle de- scended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and, in the name of the king of France, took formal posession of all the immense region watered by the great_river and its tributaries from its source to its mouth, and named it Louisiana, in honor of his master, Louis XIV. The river he called " Colbert," in honor of the French Minister, and at its mouth ejected a column and a cross bearing the inscription, in French: ' 'LOUIS THE GREAT, Kixa OP FBANCB AND NAVABBB, BBIGKISG APEIL 9, 1682." / France then claimed by right of dis- covery and occupancy the whole valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries, includ- ing Texas. Spain at the same time laid claim to all the region about the Gulf of Mexico, and thus these two great nations were brought into collision. But the country was actually held and occupied by the native Indians, especially the great Miami Confederacy, the Miamis. proper (anciently the TwigKtwees) being the east- ern and most powerful tribe. Spain having failed to make any settle- ment, in the newly-discovered country, it was left for France to occupy the land, and. that government, soon after the dis- covery of the mouth of the Mississippi b^ La Salle, in 1682, began to encourage the policy of establishing a line of trading posts and missionary stations, extending through the west from Canada to Louis- iana. In 1762, France, in a time of extreme weakness, ceded all the territory west of the Mississippi, including what is now Iowa, to Spain, which power retained pos- session until October 1, 1800, when it retroceded it to France. This latter power ceded it to the United States in 1803, for the sum of $15,000,000. ' On assuming control, the United States organized all that region west of the Mis- sissippi and north of the Territory of Orleans as the District of Louisiana. In 1 805 the District of Louisiana was organ- ized into the Territory of Louisiana. s> ">v d^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 21 This Territory was subsequently divided, and now forms seven great States — Louis- iana, Missouri, Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas and Kebraska, CHAPTER II. rNT)IANS AND INDIAN WARS. For more than one hundred years after Marquette and Joliet trod the virgin soil of Iowa, and admired its fertile plains, not a single settlement had been made or attempted, nor even a trading post estab- lished. The whole country remained in the undisputed possession of the native tribes, who often poured out their life blood in obstinate contest for supremacy. That this State, so aptly styled "The Beautiful Land," had been the theatre of numerous fierce and bloody struggles be- tween the rival nations for possession of the favored region long before its settle- ment by civilized man, there is no room for doubt. In these savage wars the weaker party, whether aggressive or de- fensive, was either exterminated or driven from its ancient hunting grounds. When Marquette visited this country in 1673, the lUini were a very powerful people, occupying a large portion of the State ; but when the country was again visited by the whites, not a remnant of that once powerful tribe remained on the west side of the Mississippi, and Iowa was principally in the possession of the Sacs and Foxes, a warlike tribe which, originally two distinct nations, residing in New York and on (he waters of the St. Lawrence, had gradually fought their way westward, and united, probably after the Foxes had been driven out of the Fox River country in 1846, and crossed the Mississippi. The death of Pontiac, a famous Sac chieftain, was made the pre- text for war against the Illini, and a fierce and bloody struggle ensued, which con- tinued until the Illini were nearly de- stroyed, and their hunting grounds pos- sessed by their victorious foes. The lowas also occupied a portion of the State, for a time, in common with the Sacs, but they, too, were nearly destroyed by the Sacs and Foxes, and in " The Beautiful Land " these natives met their equally warlike foes, the northern Sioux, with whom they maintained & constant warfare for the pos- session of the country for many years. In 1803, when Louisiana was purchased by the United States, the Sacs, Foxes and lowas possessed the entire State of Iowa, and the two former tribes, also, occupied most of Illinois. » '*y ^t -^ — ^k . 22 HISTORY OF IOWA. The Sacs had four principal villages, where most of them resided. Their largest and most important town — if an Indian village may be called such — and from which emanated most of the ob- stacles encountered by the Government in the extinguishment of Indian titles to land in this region, was on Eock river, near Rock Island ; another was on the east bank of the Mississippi, near the mouth of Henderson river ; the third was at the head of the Des Moines Rap- ids, near the present site of Montrose ; and the fourth was near the mouth of the upper Iowa. The Foxes had three principal villages. One was on the west side of the Missis- sippi, six miles above the rapids of Rock river; anothet was about twelve miles from the river, in the rear of the Dubuque lead mines ; and the third was on Turkey river. The lowas, at one time identified with the Sacs of Rock river, bad^withdrawn from them and become a separate tribe. Their principal village was oil the Des Moines river, in Van Buren county, on the site where lowaville now stands. Here the last great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and the lowas was fought, in which Black Hawk, then a young man, com- manded one division of the attacking forces. The following account of the bat- tle has been given: "Contrary to long established custom of Indian attack, this battle was commenced in the day-time, the attending circum- stances justifying this departure from the well-settled usages of Indian warfare. The battle-field was a level river bottom, about four miles in length, and two miles wide near the middle, narrowing to a point at either end. The main area of this bottom rises perhaps twenty feet above the river, leaving a narrow strip of low bottom along the shore, covered with trees that belted the prairie on the river side with a thick forest, and the immediate bank of the river was fringed with a dense growth of wil- low. Near the lower end of this prairie, near the river bank, was situated the Iowa village. About two miles above it and near the middle of the prairie is a mound, covered at the time with a tuft of small trees and underbrush growing on its sum- mit. In the rear of this little elevation or mound lay a belt of wet prairie, covered, at that time, with a dense growth of rank, coarse grass. Bordering this wet prairie on the north, the country rises abruptly into elevated broken river bluffs, covered with a heavy forest for many miles in ex- tent, and in places thickly clustered with undergrowth, affording convenient shelter for the stealthy approach of the foe. "Throagh this forest the Sao and Fox war party made,' their way in the night, and secreted themselves in the tall grass spoken of above, intending to remain in ambush during the day and make such observa- tions as this near proximity to their in- tended victims might afford, to aid them in their contemplated attack on the town during the following night. From this situation their spies could take a full sur- vey of the village, and watch every move- ment of the inhabitants, by which means they were soon convinced that the lowas had no suspicion of their presence. "At the foot of the mound above men- tioned the lowas had their race course, where they diverted themselves with the ^ -^ HISTORY OF IOWA, 23 excitement of horse-racing, and schooled their young warriors in cavalry evolutions. In these exercises mock battles were fought, and the Indian tactics of attack and defense carefully inculcated, by which moans a skill in horsemanship was acquired that is rarely excelled. Unfortunately for them this day was selected for their equestrian sports, and, wholly unconscious of the proximity of their foes, the warriors re- paired to the race-ground, leaving most of their arms in the village, and their old men, women and children unprotected. "Pash-a-po-po, who was chief in com- mand of the Sacs and Foxes, perceived at once the advantage this state of things afforded for a complete surprise of his now doomed victims, and ordered Black Hawk to file off with his young warriors through the tall grass and gain the cover of the timber along the river bank, and with the utmost speed reach the village and com- mence the battle, while he remained with his division in the ambush to make a sim- ultaneous assault on the unarmed men whose attention was engrossed with the excitement of the races. The plan was skillfully laid and most dexterously exe- cuted. Black Hawk with his forces reached the village undiscovered, and made a furious onslaught upon the de- fenseless inhabitants by firing one general volley into their midst, and completing the slaughter with the tomahawk and scalping- knife, aided by the devouring flames with which they enveloped the village as soon as the fire-brand could be spread from lodge to lodge. "On the instant of the report of fire-arms at the village, the forces under Pash-arpo-po leaped from their coachant position in the grass, and sprang, tiger-like, upon the un- armed lowas in the midst of their racing sports. The first impulse of the latter natur- ally led them to make the utmost speed to- ward their arms in the village, and protect, if possible, their wives and children from the attack of their merciless assailants. The distance from the place of attack on the prairie was two miles, and a great number fell in their flight by the bullets and tomahawks of their enemies, who pressed them closely with a running fiie the whole way, and the survivors only reached their town in time to witness the horrors of its destruction. Their whole village was in flames, and the dearest objects of their lives lay in slaughtered heaps amidst the devouring element, and the agonizing groans of the dying, mingled with the exulting shouts of the victorious foe, filled their hearts with maddening despaii. Their wives and children who had been spared the general massacre were prisoners, and together with their arms in the hands of their victors; and all that could now be done was to draw off their shattered and-defenseless forces, and save as many lives as possible by a retreat across the Des Moines river, which they effected in the best possible manner, and took a p:isition among the Soap Creek hills." . Previous to the settlement of their vil- lage on Rock river, the Sacs and Foxes had a fierce conflict with the Winnebagos, subdued them and took possession of their lands. At one time this village contained upward of 60 lodges, and was among the largest Indian villages on the continent. The number of Sacs and Foxes in 1825 was estimated by the Secretary of War to la ty"* Jl 24 HISTORY OF IOWA. be 4,600. Their village was situated in the immediate vicinity of the upper rapids of the Mississippi, where the flourishing towns of Eock Island and Davenport are now situated. The extensive prairies dotted over with groves, the beautiful scenery, the picturesque bluils along the river banks, the rich and fertile soil pro- ducinglarge crops of corn, squash and other vegetables with little labor, the abundance of wild fruit, game, fish, and almost every- thing calculated to make it a delightful spot for an Indian village, which was found there, had made this place a favorite home of the Sacs, and secured for it the strong attachment and veneration of the whole nation. The Sioux located their hunting grounds north of the Sacs and Foxes. They were a fierce and warlike nation, who nf ,en dis- puted possessions with their rivals in savage and bloody warfare. The possessions of these tribes were mostly located in Minne- sota, but extended over a portion of Northern and Western Iowa to the Mis- souri river. Their descent from the north upon the hunting grounds of Iowa fre- quently brought them into collision with the Sacs and Foxes, and after many a con- flict and bloody struggle, a boundary line was established between them by the Government of the United States, in a treaty held at Prairie du Chien in 1825. Instead of settling the difficulties, this caused them to quarrel all the more, in consequence of alleged trespasses upon each other's side of the line. So bitter and unrelenting became these contests, that,in 1830, the Government purchased of the respective tribes of the Sacs and Foxes, and the Sioux, a strip of land twenty miles wide on both sides of the line, tLus throw- ing them forty miles apart by creating a "neutral grouud," and commanded them to cease their hostilities. They were, however, allowed to fish and hunt on the ground unmolested, provided they did not interfere with each other on United States territory. Soon after the acquisition of Louisiana, the United States Government adopted measures for the exploration of the new Territory, having in view the conciliation of the numerous tribes of Indians by whom it was possessed, and also the se- lection of proper sites for the establish- ment of military posts and trading sta- tions. The Army of the West, Gen. Wil- kinson commanding, had its headquarters at St. Louis. From this post Captains Lewis and Clarke, with a sufficient force, were detailed to explore the unknown sources of the Missouri, and Lieut. Zebu- Ion M. Pike to ascend to the head waters of the Mississippi. Lieut. Pike, with one sergeant, two corporals and seven- teen privates, left the military camp, near St. Louis, in a keel boat, with four months' rations, August 9th, 1805. On the 20th of the same month the expedition arrived within the present limits of Iowa, at the foot of the Des Moines Rapids, where Pike met William Ewing, who had just been appointed Indian Agent at this point, a French interpreter, four chiefs, fifteen Sacs and Fox warriors. At the head of the rapids, where Montrose is now situated. Pike held a council with the Indians, in which he addressed them sub- stantially as follows: " Your great father, the President of the United States, wishes to be more intimately -i* 81 ^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 25 acquainted with the situation and wantB of the different nations of Red people in our newly acquired Territory of Louis- iana, and has ordered the General to send a number of his warriors in different directions to take them by the hand and make such inquiries as might afford the satisfaction required." At the close of the council he presented the Red Men with some knives, tobacco and whisky. On the 23d of August he arrived at what is supposed, from his de- scription, to be the site of the present city of Burlington, which he selected as ifte location of a military post. He describes the place as "being on a hill, about forty miles above the River de Moyne Rapids, on the west side of the river, in latitude about 40 deg. 21 min. north. The channel of the river runs on that shore. The hill in front is about 60 feet perpendicular, and nearly level at the top. About 400 yards in the rear is a small prairie, fit for gardening, and immediately under the hill is a limestone spring, sufficient for the consumption of a whole regiment." In addition to this description, which corres- ponds to Burlington, the spot is laid down on his map at a bend in the river a short distance below the mouth of the Hender- son, which pours its waters into the lijis- sissippi from Illinois. The fort was built at Fort Madison, but from the distance, latitude, description and map furnished by Pike, it could not have been the place se- lected by him, while all the circumstances corroborate the opinion that the place he selected was the spot where Burlington is now located, called by the early voyagers. on the Mississippi " Flint Bills." In com- pany with one of his men, Pike went on shore on a hunting expedition, and follow- ing a stream which they supposed to be a part of the Mississippi, they were led away from their course. Owing to the intense heat and tall grass, his two favorite dogs, which he had taken with him, became ex- hausted, and he left them on the prairie, supposing that they would follow him as soon as they should get rested, and went on to overtake his boat. After reaching the river he waited some time for his canine friends, but they did not come, and as he deemed it inexpedient to detain the boat longer, two of his men volunteered to go in pursuit of them, and he continued on his way up the river, expecting that the two men would soon overtake him. They lost their way, however, and for six days were without food, except a few morsels gathered from the stream, and might have perished had they not accidentally met a trader from St. Louis, who induced two Indians to take them up the river, and they overtook the boat at Dubuque. At the latter place Pike was cordially received by Julien Dubuque, a Frenchman, who held a mining claim under a grant from Spain. He had an old field piece, and fired a salute in honor of the advent of the first Amer- ican who had visited that part of the Ter- ritory. He was not, however, disposed to publish the wealth of his mines, and the young and evidently inquisitive officer obtained but little information from him. Upon leaving this place. Pike pursued his way up the river, but as he passed beyond the limits of the present State of Iowa, a detailed history of his explora- tions does not propnrly belong to this vol- ume. It is sufficient to say that, on the site of Fort Snelling, Minnesota, he held a D rv< Jd^l >^, 26 HISTOEY OF IOWA. council with the Sioux, Sept. 23, and ob- tained from them a grant of 100,000 acres of land. Jan. 8, 1806, he arrived at a trad- ing post belonging to the Northwest Com- pany, on Lake De Sable, in latitude 47 ® . This company at that time carried on their immense operations from Hudson's Bay to the St. Lawrence ; up that river, on both sides along the great lakes, to the head of Lake Superior, thence to the sources of the Red Eiver of the North, and west to the Rocky Mountains, embracing within the scope of their operations what was subse- quently the State of Iowa. After suc- cessfully accomplishing his mission and performing a valuable service to the whole Northwest, Pike returned to St. Louis, ar- riviEg there April 30, 1806. Before the Territory of Iowa could be open to settlement by the whites, it was necessary that the Indian title should be extinguished and the original owners re- moved. The Territory had been pur- chased by the United States, but was still occupied by the Indians^ who claimed title to the soil by right of possession. In order to accomplish this purpose, large sums of money were expended, besides the frontier being disturbed by Indian wars, terminated repeatedly by treaty, only to be renewed by some act of oppression on the part of the whites, or some violation of treaty stipulation. When the United States assumed con- trol of the country, by virtue of the Louis- iana purchase, nearly the whole State was in possession of the Sacs and Foxes, a powerful and warlike nation, who were not disposed to submit without a struggle to what they considered the encroachment of the pale faces. Among the most noted chiefs, ' and one whose restlessness and hatred of the Americans occasioned more trouble to the Government than any other of his tribe, was Black Hawk, who was born at the Sao Village, on Rock river, in 1767. He was simply the chief of his own band of Sac warriors; but by his energy and ambition he became the leading spirit of the united nation of Sacs and Foxes, and one of the prominent figures in the history of the country from 1804 till his death. In early manhood he attained distinc- tk)n as a fighting chief, having led cam- paigns against the Ooages and other neigh- boring tribes. About the beginning of the present century he began to appear prominent in affairs on the Mississippi. His life- was a marvel. He is said by some to have been the victim of a narrow prejudice and bitter ill-will against the Americans. Upon the cession of Spain to France, in 1801, it did not give up possession of the country, but retained it, and by the au- thority of France transferred it to the United States in 1804. At that time Black Hawk and his band were in St. Louis, and were invited to be present and witness the transfer; but he refused the invitation, and it is but just to say that this refusal was caused probably more from regret that the Indians were to be transferred from the jurisdiction of the Spanish authorities than from any special hatred toward the Americans. In his life he says: "I found many sad and gloomy faces because the United States were about to take possession of the town and country. Soon after the Americans came I took my band and went to take leave of my Spanish ■^ ^ _^ 9 ^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 27 father. The Americans came to see him also. Seeing them approach, we passed out of one door as they entered an- other, and immediately started in our canoes for our village on Eock river, not liking the change any better than our friends appeared to at St. Louis. On arriving at our village, we gave the news that strange people had arrived at St. Louis, and that we should never see our Spanish father again. The information made all our people sorry." November 3, 1804, a treaty was con- cluded between William Henry Harrison, then Governor of Indiana Territory, on behalf of the United States, and five chiefs of the Sao and Fox nation, by which the latter, in consideration of $2,234 worth of goods then delivered, and a yearlyannuity of $1,000 to be paid in goods at just cost, ceded to the United States all that land on the east side of the Mississippi, extending from a point opposite the Jefferson, in Missouri, to the Wisconsin river, embra- cing an area of over 51,000,000 of acres. To this treaty Black Hawk always objected, and always refused to consider it binding upon bis people. He asserted that the chiefs or braves who made it had no au- thority to relinquish the title of the nation to any of the lands they held or occu- pied, and, moreover, that they had been sent to St. Louis on quite a different errand, namely: to get one of their people released, who had been imprisoned at St. Louis for killing a white man. In 1805 Lieutenant Pike came up the river for the purpose of holding friendly councils with the Indians and selecting sites for forts within the territory recently acquired from France by the United States. Lieut. Eike seems to have been the first American whom Black Hawk ever met or had a personal interview with, and he seemed very much prepossessed in bis favor. He gives the following account of his visit to Rock Island: "A boat came up the river with a young Amoiicin chief and a small party of soldiers. We heard of them soon after we passed Salt river. Some of our young braves watched them every day to see what sort of people he h.ad on board. The boat at length arrived at Rock river, and the young chief came on shore with his interpreter, made a speech and gave us some presents. We in turn presented him with meat and such other provisions as we had to spare. We were well pleased with the young chief; he gave us good advice, and said our American father would treat us well." Fort Edwards was erected soon after Pike's expedition, at what is now Warsaw, Illinois, also Fort Madison, on the site of the present town of that name, the latter being the first fort erected in Iowa. These movements occasioned great ur.easiness among the Indians. When work was commenced on Fort Edwards, a delegation from their nation, headed by some of their chiefs, went down to see what the Ameri- cans were doing, and had an interview with the commander, after which they returned home and were apparently satis- fied. In like manner, when Fort Madison was being erected, they sent down another delegation from a council of the nation held at Rock river. According to Black Hawk's account, the American chief told them that he was building a house for a trader, who was coming to sell them goods cheap, and that the soldiers were coming ■I^ fev 28 HISTORY OF IOWA. to keep him company— a statement which Black Hawk says they distrusted at the time, believing that the fort was an en- croachment upon their rights, and designed to aid it getting their lands away from them. It is claimed, by good authority, that the building of Fort Madison was a violation of the treaty of 1804. By the 11th article of that treaty, the United States had a right to build a fort near the mouth of the Wisconsin river, and by article 6 they had bound themselves "that if any citizen of the United States or any other white persons should form a settle- ment upon their lands, such intruders should forthwith be removed." Probably the authorities of the United States did not regard the establishment of military posts as coming properly within the meaning of the term "settlement" as used in the treaty. At all events, they erected Fort Madison within the territory reserved to the Indi- ans, who became very indignant. Very soon after the fort was built, a party led by Black Hawk attempted its destruction. They sent spies to watch the movements of the garrison, who ascer- tained that the soldiers were in the habit of marching out of the fort every morning and evening for parade, and the plan of the party was to conceal themselves near the fort, and attack and surprise them when they were outside. On the morning of the proposed day of the attsck, five soldiers, came out and were fired upon by the Indians, two of them being killed. The Indians were too hasty in their move- ment, for the parade had not commenced. However, they kept up the attack several days, attempting the old Fox strategy of setting fire to the fort with blazing arrows; but finding their efforts unavailing, they soon gave up and returned to Rock river. In 1812, when war was declared between this country and Great Britain, Black liawk and his band allied themselves with the British, partly because he was dazzled by their specious promises, but more prob- ably because they were deceived by the Americans. Black Hawk himself declared that they were forced into war by being deceived. He narrates the circumstances as follows: "Several of the head men and chiefs of the Sacs and Foxes were called upon to go to Washingfc-n to see their Great Father. On their return they re- lated what had been said and done. Th^y said the Great Father wished them, in the event of a war taking place with England, not to interfere on either side, but to re- main neutral. He did not want our help, but wished us to bunt and support our families, and live in peace. He said that British traders would not be permitted to come on the Mississippi to furnish us with goods,but that we should be supplied with an American trader. Our chiefs then told him that the British traders always gave them credit in the fall for guns, powder and goods, to enable us to hunt and clothe our families. He repeated that the traders at Fort Madison would have plenty of goods; that we should go there in the fall and he would supply us on credit, as the British traders had done." Black Hawk seems to have accepted the proposition, and he and his people were very much pleased. Act- ing in good faith, they fitted out for their winter's hunt, and went to Fort Madison in high spirits to receive from the trader their outfit of supplies; but after waiting some time, they were told by the trader ;r^ .k HISTORY OF IOWA. 29 that he would not trnst them. In vain they pleaded the promise of their Great Father at Washington; the trader was inexorable. Disappointed and crest fallen, the Indians turned sadly to their own vil- lage. Says Black Hawk: "Few of us slept that night. All was gloom and discon- tent, la the morning a canoe was seen ascending the river; it soon arrived bear- ing an express, who brought intelligence that a British trader had landed at Hock Island with two boats filled with goods, and requested us to come up immediately, be- cause he had good news for us, and a variety of presents. The express presented us with tobacco, pipes and wampum. The news ran through our camp like fire on a prairie. Our lodges were soon taken down and all started for Kock Island. Here ended all our hopes of remaining at peace, having been forced into the war by being deceived." He joined the British, who flattered him, and styled him "Gen. Black Hawk," decked him with medals, excited his jealousy against the Americans, and armed his band; bat he met with defeat and disappointment, and soon abandoned the service and came home. There was a portion of the Saos and Foxes, whom Black Hawk, with all his skill and cunning, could not lead into hos- tilities to the United States. With Keokuk ("The Watchful Fox") at their head, they were disposed to abide by the treaty of 1804, and to cultivate friendly relations with the American people. So, when Black Hawk and his band joined the fortunes of Great Britain, the rest of the nation remained neutral, and, for protec- tion, organized with Keokuk for their chief. Thus, the nation was divided into the "War and Peaqe party." Black Hawk says he was informed, after ho had gone to the war, that the nation, which had been reduced to so small a body of fighting men, were unable to defend themselves in case the Americans should attack them, and, having all the old men, women and 'children belonging to the warriors who had joined the British, on their hands to provide for, a council was held, and it was agreed that Quash-qua-me (The Lance) and other chiefs, "together with the old men, women and children, and such others as chose to accompany them, should go to St. Louis and place themselves und( r the American Chief stationed there. Accord- ingly they went down, and were received as the "friendly band" of Saos and Foxes, and were provided for and sent up the Missouri river. On Black Hawk's return from the British army, he says Keokuk was intro- duced to him as the war chief of the braves then in the village. He inquired how he had become chief; and was in- formed that their spies had seen a large armed force going toward Peoria, and fears were entertained of an attack upon the village; whereupon a council was held, which concluded to leave the village, and cross over to the other side of the Mis- sissippi. Keokuk had been standing at the door of the lodge when the council was held, not being allowed to enter on account of never having killed an enemy, where he remained until Wa-co-me came out. Keokuk asked permission to speak to the council, which VV a-oo-me obtained for him. He then addressed the chiefs. He remonstrated against the desertion of their village, their own homes, and the ^^ LlA 30 HISTORY OF IOWA. graves of their fathers, and ofEered to defend the village. The council consented that he should be their war chief. He marshaled his braves, sent out spies, and advanced on the lead- ing trail to Peoria, but returned without seeing the enemy. The Americans did not disturb the village, and all were satis- fied with the appointment of Keokuk. Like Black Hawk, he was a descendant of the Sac branch of the nation,and was born on Rock river in 1780. He was of a pacific disposition, but possessed the elements of true courage, and could fijjht when occa- sion required with cool judgment and heroic energy. In his first battle he en- .countered and killed a Sionx, which placed him in the rank of warriors, and he was honored with a public feast by his tribe in commemoration of the event. In person, Keokuk was tall and of portly bearing. In his public speeches he dis- played a commanding attitude and grace- ful gestures. He has been described as an orator, entitled to rank with the most gifted of his race. He spoke rapidly, but his enunciation was clear, distinct and forcible; he culled his figures from the stores of nature, and based his arguments on skillful logic. Unfortunately for his reputation as an orator among white people, he was never able to obtain an interpreter who could claim even a slight acquaint- ance with philosophy. With one excep- tion only, his interpreters were unac'^ quainted with the elements of their mother tongue. Of this serious hindrance to his fame he was well aware, and re- tained Frank Labershure, who had re- ceived a rudimental education in the French and English languages, until the latter broke down by dissipation and died. Keokuk was thus compelled to submit his speeches for translation to uneducated men, whose range of thought fell far below the flights of a gifted mind, and the fine imagery drawn from nature was be- yond their power of reproduction. Keokuk had sufiicient knowledge of the English language to make him sensible of this bad rendering of his thoughts, and often a feeling of mortification at the bungling efforts was depicted on his coun- tenance while speaking. The proper place to form a correct estimate of his ability as an orator was in the Indian council, where he addressed himself ex- clusively to those who understood his lan- guage, and witnessed the electrical effect of his eloquence upon his council. He seems to have possessed a more sober judgment, and to have had a more intelli- gent view of the great strength and re- sources of the United States, than his noted and restless cotemporary. Black Hawk. He knew from the first that the reckless war which Black Hawk and his band had determined to carry on could result in nothing but disaster and defeat, and he used every argument against it. The large number of warriors whom he had dissuaded from following Black Hawk became, however, greatly e?;cited with the war spirit after Stillman's defeat, and but for the signal tact displayed by Keokuk on that occasion, would have forced him to submit to their wishes in joining the rest of the warriors in the field. A war dance was held, and Keokuk took part in it, seeming to be moved with the current of the rising storm. When the dance was over, he called the council together to pre- d>^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 31 pare for war. He made a speech, in which he admitted the justice of their complaints against the Americans. To seek redress was a noble aspiration of their nature. The blood of their brethren had been shed by the white man, and the spirits of their braves, slain in battle, called loudly for vengeance. " I am your chief," said he, " and it is my duty to lead you to battle, if after fully considering the matteryou are determined to go; but before you decide to take this important step, it is wise to inquire into the chances of success," He then portrayed to them the great power of the United States, against whom they would have to contend, and thought their chances of success was utterly hope- less. " But," said he, " if you do deter- mine to go upon the warpath, I will agree to lead you on one condition — that before we go we kill our old men and our wives and children, to save them from a linger- ing death of starvation, and that every one of us determine to leave our homes on the other side of the Mississippi." This was a strong but truthful picture of the pros- pect before them, and was presented in such a forcible light as to cool their ardor and cause them to abandon their rash undertaking. From this time there was no serioiis trouble with the Indians until the Black Hawk war. The treaty of 1804, between the United States and the chiefs of the Sao and Fox nations was never acknowledged by Black Hawk, and, in 1831, he established him- self with a chosen band of warriors upon the disputed territory, ordering the whites to leave the country at once. The settlers complaining, Governor Reynolds, of Illi- nois, dispatched General Gaines with a company of regulars and 1,500 volunteers to the scene of action. Taking the Indians t>y surprise, the troops burnt their village, and forced them to conclude a treaty, by which they ceded all their lands east of the Mississippi, and agreed to remain on the west side of the river. Necessity forced the proud spirit of Black Hawk into submission, which made him more than ever determined to be avenged upon his enemies. Having ral- lied around him the warlike braves of the Sac and Fox nations, he recrossed the Mis- sissippi in the spring of 1832. Upon hearing of the invasion. Governor Rey- nolds hastily collected a body of 1,800 volunteers, placing them under command of Brig.-Gen. Samuel Whiteside. The army marched to the Mississippi, and, having reduced to ashes the Indian village known as " Prophet's Town," pro- ceeded several miles up Rock river, to Dixon, to join the regular forces under Gen. Atkinson. They formed, at Dixon, two companies of volunteers, who, sighing for glory, were dispatched to reconnoiter the enemy. They advanced, under com- mand of Major Stillman, to a creek after- wards called "Stillman's run," and, while encamping there, saw a party of mounted Indians at a distance of a mile. Several of Stillman's party mounted their horses and charged the Indians, killing three of them; but, attacked by the main body, under Black Hawk, they were routed, and, by their precipitate flight, spread such a panic through the camp that the "vhole company ran off to Dixon as fast as their legs could carry them. On their arrival it was found that there had been eleven killed. The 32 HISTORY OP IOWA. party came straggling into camp all night long, four or five at a time, each squad positive that all who were left behind were massacred . It is said that a big, tall Kontuckian, with a loud voice, who was a Colonel of the militia, upon his arrival in camp gave to Gen. Whiteside and the wondering multi- tude the following glowing and bombastic account of the battle: "Sirs," said he, "our detachment was encamped among some scattering timber on the north side of Old Man's creek, with the prairie from the north gently sloping down to our encampment. It was just after twilight, in the gloaming of the even- ing, when we discovered Black Hawk's army coming down upon us in solid column ; they displayed in the form of a crescent upon the brow of the prairie, and puch accuracy and precision of military move- ments were never witnessed by man ; they were equal to the best troops of Wellington in Spain. I have said that the Indians came down in solid columns, and displayed in the form of a crescent; and, what was most wonderful, there were large squares of cavalry resting upon the points of the curve, which squares were supported again by other columns fifteen deep, extending back through the woods and over a swamp three-quarters of a mile, which again rested on the main body of Black Hawk's army, bivouacked upon the banks of the Kish- wakee. It was a terrible and a glorious sight to see the tawny warriors as they rode along our flanks attempting to out- flank us, with the glittering moonbeams glistening from their polished blades and burning spears. It was a sight well calcu- lated to strike consternation in the stoutest and boldest heart; and, accordingly, our men soon began to break, in small squads, for tall timber. "In a very little time the rout became general, the Indians were soon upon our flanks, and threatened the destruction of our entire detachment. About this time Maj. Stillman, Col. Stephenson, Maj. Per- kins, Capt. Adams, Mr. Hackelton and my- self, with some others, threw ourselves into the rear to rally the fugitives and protect the retreat. But in a short time all my companions fell bravely fighting hand-to- hand with the savage enemy, and I alone was left upon the field of battle." About this time I discovered not far to the left a corps of horsemen, which seemed to be in tolerable order. I immediately deployed to the left,' when, leaning down and placing my body in a recumbent posture upon the mane of my horse, so as to bring the heads of the horsemen between my eye and the horizon, I discovered, by the light of the moon, that they were gentlemen who did not wear hats, by which token I knew they were no friends of mine. I therefore made a retrograde movement, and recovered my position, where I remained some time, in thinking what further I could do for my country, when a random ball came whist- ling by my ear, and plainly whispered to me, 'Stranger, you have no further busi- ness here,' Upon hearing this, I followed the example of my companions-in-arms, and broke for tall timber, and the way I ran was not a little." For a lojig time afterward Maj. Stillman and his men were subjects of ridicule and merriment, which was as undeserving as their expedition was disastrous. Still- man's defeat spread consternation through- *X rt ^ itrrr^ -^ 9 ^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 33 out the State and nation. The number of Indians wag greatly exaggerated, and the name of Black Hawk carried with it asso- ciations of great military talent, savage cunning and cruelty. A regiment sent to spy out the country between Galena and Rock Island, was sur- prised by a party of seventy Indians, and was -on the point of being thrown into dis- order, when Gen. Whiteside, then serving as a private, shouted out that he would shoot the first man who turned his back on the enemy. Order being restored, the bat- tle began. At its very outset Gen. White- side shot the leader of the Indians, who thereupon commenced a hasty retreat. In June, 1832, Black Hawk, with a band of one hundred and fifty warriors, attacked the Apple River Fort, near Galena, de- fended by twenty-five men. This fort, a mere palisade of logs, was erected to afEord protection to the miners. For fifteen con- secutive hours the garrison had to sustain the assault of the savage enemy; but, knowing very well that no quarter would be given them, they fought with such fury and desperation that the Indians, after losing many of their warriors, were com- pelled to retreat. Another party of eleven Indians mur- dered two men near Fort Hamilton. They were afterward overtaken by a company' of twenty men, and every one of them killed. A new regiment, under the command of Gen. Atkinson, assembled on the banks of the Illinois, in the latter part s>i June. Major Dement, with a small party, was sent out to reoonnoiter the movements of a large body of Indians, whose endeavors to surround him made it advisable for him to retire. Upon hearing of this engage- ment. Gen. Atkinson sent a detachment to intercept the Indians, while he with the main body of his army, moved north to meet the Indians under Black Hawk. They moved slowly and cautiously through the country, passed through Turtle Vil- lage, and marched up along Rock river. On their arrival news was brought of the discovery of the main trail of the Indians. Considerable search was made, but they were unable to' discover any vestige of In- dians, save two, who had shot two soldiers the day previous. Hearing that Black Hawk was encamped on Rock River, at the Manitou village, they resolved at once to advance upon the enemy, but in the execution of their de- sign they met with opposition from their ofiioers and men. The officers of Gen. Henry handed to him a written protest; but he, a man equal to any emergency, ordered the officers to be arrested and escorted to Gen. Atkinson. Within a few minutes after the stern order was given, the officers all collected around the Gen- eral's quarters, many of them with tears in their eyes, pledging themselves that if for- given they would return to duty and never do the like again. The General rescinded the order, and they at once resumed duty. THE BATTLE OB" BAD-AXE. Gen. Henry marched, on the 15th of July, in pursuit of the Indians, reaching Rock river after three days' journey, where he learned Black Hawk was encamped further up the river. On July 19 the troops were ordered to commence their march. After having made 50 miles, they w d>^ 34 HISTOEY OF IOWA. were overtaken by a terrible thunder storm, which lasted all night. Nothing cooled, however, in their courage and zeal, they marched again 50 miles the next day, encamping near the place where the In- dians encamped the nightbefore. Hurrying along as fast as they could, the infantry keeping up an equal pace with the mounted force, the troops, on the morning of the 21st, crossed the river connecting two of the four lakes, by which the Indians had been endeavoring to escape. They found, on their way, the ground strewn with ket- tles and articles of baggage, which, in the haste of retreat, the Indians were obliged to throw away. The troops, inspired with new ardor, advanced so rapidly that at noon they fell in with the rear guard of the Indians. Those who closely pursued them were sainted by a sudden fire of musketry from a body of Indians who had concealed themselves in the high grass of the prairie. A most desperate charge was made upon the Indians, who, unable to resist, retreated obliquely in order to out- flank the volunteers on the right; but the latter charged the Indians in their ambush and expelled them from their thickets at the point of the bayonet, and dispersed them. Night set in and the battle ended, having cost the Indians sixty-eight of their bravest men, while the loss of the Illinois- ans amounted to but one killed and eight wounded. Soon after this battle. Gens. Atkinson and Henry joined their forces and pursued the Indians. Gen. Henry struck the main trail, left his horses behind, formed an advance guard, of eight men, and marched forward upon their trail. When these eight men came within sight of the river, they were suddenly fired upon, and five of them killed, the remaining three maintain- ing their ground till Gen. Henry came up. Then the Indians, charged upon with the bayonet, fell back upon their main force; the battle now became general; the In- dians fought with desperate valor, but were furiously assailed by the volunteers with their bayonets, cutting many of the Indians to pieces and driving the rest into the river. Those who escaped from being drowned found refuge on an island. On hearing the frequent discharge of mus- ketry, indicating a general engagement, Gen. Atkinson abandoned the pursuit of the twenty Indians under Black Hawk himself, and hurried to the scene of action, where he arrived too late to take part in the battle. He immediately forded the river with his troops, the water reaching up to their necks, and landed on the island where the Indians had secreted them- selves. The soldiers rushed upon the Indians, killed several of them, took the others prisoners, and chased the rest into the river, where they were either drowned or shot before reaching the opposite shore. Thus ended the battle, the Indians losing three hundred, besides fifty prisoners; the whites, but seventeen killed and tw«lve wounded. Black Hawk, with his twenty braves, retreated up the Wisconsin river. The Winnebagos, desirous of securing the friendship of the whites, went in pursuit and captured and delivered them to Gen. Street, the United States Indian Agent. Among the prisoners were the son of Black Hawk and the prophet of the tribe. These, with Black Hawk, were taken to a w. -■ "t^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 35 Washington, D. C, and soon consigned as prisoners at Fortress Monroe. At the interview Black Hawk had with the President, he closed his speech deliv- ered on the occasion in the following words: "We did not expect to conquer the whites. They have too many houses, too many men. I took up the hatchet, for my part, to revenge injuries which my people could no longer endure. Had I borne them longer without striking, my people would have said: 'Black Hawk is a woman; he is too old to be a chief; he is no Sac' These reflections caused me to raise the war-whoop. I say no more. It is known to you. Keokuk once was here; you took him by the hand, and when he wished to return to his home, you were willing. Black Hawk expects, like Keo- kuk, he shall be permitted to return, too." By order of the President, Black Hawk and his companions, who were in confine- ment at Fortress Monroe, were set free on the 4th day of June, 1833. After their release from prison they were conducted in charge of Major Gar- land, through some of the principal cities, that they might witness the power of the United States and learn their own inability to cope with them in war. Great multi- tudes flocked to see them wherever -they were taken, and the attention paid them rendered their progress through the coun- try a triumphal procession, instead of the transportation of prisoners by an ofBcer. At Rock Island the prisoners were given their liberty amid great and impressive ceremony. In 1838 Black Hawk built him a dwelling near Des Moines, this State, and furnished it after the manner of the whites, and engaged in agricultural pur- suits and hunting and fishing. Here, with his wife, to whom he was greatly attached, he passed the few remaining days of his life. To his credit, it may be said that Black Hawk remained true to his wife, and served her with a devotion uncommon among Indians, living with her upward of forty years. At all times when Black Hawk visited the whites he was received with marked attention. He was an honored guest at the old settlers' reunion in Lee county, Illinois, at some of their meetings, and received marked tokens of esteem. In September, 1838, while on his way to Rock Island to receive his annuity from the Government, he contracted a severe cold, which resulted in a severe attack of bilious fever, and terminated his life Oct. 3. After his death he was dressed in the uniform presented to him by the President while in Washington. He was buried in a grave six feet in depth, situated upon a beautiful eminence. The body was placed in the middle of the grave, in a sitting position upon a seat constructed for the purpose. On his left side the cane given him by Henry Clay was placed upright, with his right hand resting upon it. His remains were afterwards stolen and car- ried away, but they were recovered by the Governor of Iowa, and placed in the museum of the Historical Society at Bur- lington, where they were finally destroyed by fire. ^^ ^^ — ^ -« s 36 ■mSTORY OF IOWA. CHAPTER III. INDIAN TREATIES. As has already been stated, all Iowa was in actual possession of the Indians when purchased by the United States Govern- ment, and for purposes of settlement by the whites, could only be obtained by forcible ejectment or re-purchase from those inhabiting the country. This was effected in a series of treaties and pur- chases, of which a synopsis is given: The territory known as the "Black Hawk Purchase," although not the first portion of Iowa ceded to the United States by the Sacs and Foxes, was the first opened to actual settlement by the tide of emi- gration which flowed across the Missis- sippi as soon as the Indian title was extinguished. The treaty which provided for this cession was made at a council held on the west bank of the Mississippi, where now stands the thriving city of Davenport, on ground now occupied by the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific R. E. Co., Sept. 21, 1832. This was just after the "Black Hawk War," and the defeated savages had retired from east of the Mississippi. At the council the Government was repre- sented by Gen. Winfield Scott and Gov. Reynolds, of Illinois. Keokuk, Pashapaho and some thirty other chiefs and warriors were present. By this treaty the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States a strip of land on the eastern border of Iowa, fifty miles wide, from the northern boundary of Missouri to the mouth of the Upper Iowa river, containing about 6,000,00.0 acres. The western line of the purchase was parallel with the Mississippi. In consider- ation of this cession, the United States Government stipulated to pay annually to the confederated tribes, for thirty con- secutive years, $20,000 in specie, and to pay the debts of the Indians at Rock Island, which had been accumulating for seventeen years, and amounted to $50,000, due to Davenport & Farnham, Indian traders. The Government also generously donated to the Sac and Fox women and children whose husbands and fathers had fallen in the Black Hawk War, 35 beef cattle, 12 bushels of salt, 30 barrels of pork, 50 barrels of flour, and 6,000 bushels of corn. The treaty was ratified February 13, 1833, and took effect on the 1st of June following, when the Indians quietly re- moved from the ceded territory, and this fertile and beautiful region was opened to white settlers. By terms of the treaty, out of the Black Hawk purchase was reserved for the Sacs and Foxes 400 square miles of land, sit- uated on the Iowa River, and including withia its limits Keokuk village, on the right bank of that river. This tract was known as Keokuk's reserve, and was occu- pied by the Indians until 1836, when, by >i^ (T" :r^ ■4v HISTORY OF IOWA. 37 a treaty made in September between them and Gov. Dodge, of Wisconsin Territory, it was ceded to the United States. The council was held on the banks of the Mis- sissippi, above Davenport, and was the largest assemblage of the kind ever held by the Sacs and Foxes to treat for the sale of lands. About one thousand of their chiefs and braves were present, and Keokuk was the leading spirit of the occasion, and their principal speaker. By the terms of this treaty, the Sacs and Foxes were removed to another reser- vation on the Des Moines river, where an agency was established at what is now the town of Agency City. The Government also gave out of the Black Hawk purchase to Antoine LeClare, interpreter, in fee simple, one section of land opposite Rock Island, and another at the head of the first rapids above the island on the Iowa side. This was the first land title granted by the United States to an individual in Iowa. Gen. Joseph M. Street established an agency among the Sacs and Foxes very soon after the removal of the latter to their new reservation. He was transferred from the agency of the Winnebagos for this purpose. A larm was selected, upon which the necessary buildings were erected, in- cluding a comfortable farm house for the agent and his family, at the expense of the Indian fund. A salaried agent was era- ployed to superintend the farm and dispose of the crops. Two mills were erected — one on Soap creek, and the other on Sugar creek. The latter was soon swept away by a flood, but the former remained and did good service for many years. Connected with the agency were Joseph Smart and John Goodell, interpreters. The latter was interpreter for Hard Fishes' baud. Three of the Indian chiefs — Keo- kuk, Wapello and Appanoose — had each a large field improved, the two former on the right bank of the Des Moines, back from the river, in what is now " Keokuk's Prairie," and the latter on the present site of the city of Ottumwa. Among the traders connected with their agency were the Messrs. Ewing, from Ohio, and Phelps & Co , from Illinois, and also J. P. Eddy, who established his post at what is now the site of Eddyville. The Indians at this agency became idle and listless in the ab- sence of their natural and wonted excite- ments, and many of them plunged into dissipation. Keokuk himself became dis- sipated in the latter years of his life, and it has been reported that he died of de- lirium tremens after his removal with his tribe to Kansas. On May, 1843, most of the Indians were removed up the Des Moines river, above the temporary line of Red Rock, having ceded the remnant of their lands in Iowa to the United States, Sept. 21, 1837, and Oct. 11, 1842. By the terms of the latter treaty, they held pos- session of the "New Purchase" till the autumn of 1845, when most of them were removed to their reservation in Kansas, the balance being removed in. 1846. Before any permanent settlement was made in the Territory of Iowa, white ad- venturers, trappers and traders, many of whom were scattered along the Mississippi and its tributaries, as agents and employes of the American Fur Company, intermar- ried with the females of the Sac and Fox Indians, producing a race of half-breeds, whose number was never definitely ascer- tained. There were some respectable and ^ ^. 33 HISTORY OF IOWA. excellent people among tbem, children of some refinement and education. For in- Btance: Dr. Muir, a gentleman educated at Edinburg, Scotland, a Surgeon in the United States Army, stationed at a mili- tary post located on the present site of Warsaw, married an Indian woman, and reared his family of three daughters in the city of Keokuk. Other examples might be cited, but they are probably exceptions to the general rule, and the race is now nearly or quite extinct in Iowa. August 4, 1824, a treaty was made be- tween the United States and the Sacs and Foxes, by which that portion of Lee county was reserved to the half-breeds of those tribes, and which was afterward known as the "half-breed tract." This reservation is the triangular piece of land containing about 119,000 acres, lying between the Mississippi and the Des Moines rivers. It is bounded on the north by the prolonga- tion of the northern line of Missouri. This line was intended to be a straight one, run- ning due east, which would have caused it to strike the Mississippi river at or below Montrose; but the surveyor who run it took no notice of the change in the variation of the needle, as he proceeded eastward, and, in consequence, the line he run was bent, deviating more and more to the northward of a direct line as he approached the Mis- sissippi river, so that it struck that river at the lower edge of the town of Fort Madi- son. "This erroneous line," says Judge Mason, "has been acquiesced in as well in fixing the northern limit of the half-breed tract as in determining the northern boundary line of the State of Missouri." The line thus run included in the reserva- tion a portion of the lower part of the city of Fort Madison, and all of the present townships of Van Buren, Charleston, Jef- ferson, Des Moines, Montrose and Jackson. Under the treaty of 1824, the half-breeds had the right to occupy the soil, but could not convey it, the reversion being reserved to the United States. But January 30th, 1848, by act of Congress, this reversionary right was relinquished, and the half-breeds acquired the lands in fee simple. This no sooner done than a horde of speculators rushed in to buy land of the half-breed owners, and, in many instances, a gun, blanket, a pony or a few quarts of whisky was sufficient for the purchase of large estates. There was a deal of sharp prac- tice on both sides. Indians would often claim ownership of land by virtue of being half-breeds, and had no difficulty in prov- ing their mixed blood by the Indians, and they would cheat the speculators by selling land to which they had no rightful title. On the other hand, speculators often claimed land in which they had no owner- ship. It was diamond cut diamond, until at last things became badly mixed. There were no authorized surveys, and no bonn dary lines to claim, and, as a natural result, numerous confilcts and quarrels ensued. January 16, 1838, Edward Johnstone, Thomas S. Wilson and David Brigham were appointed commissioners by the Wis- consin Legislature, clothed with power to settle their difficulties, and to decide upon the validity of claims, or sell them for the benefit of the real owners. The act pro- vided that these commissioners should be paid six dollars a day each. The commis- sion entered upon its duties, and continued until the next session of the Legislature, \^ 6 :|^ 'J Ip^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 89 when the act creating it was repealed, in- Talidating all that had been done, and depriving the commissioners of their pay. The repealing act, however, authorized the commissioners to commence action against the owners of the half-breed tract, to re- ceive pay for their services in the District of Lee county. Two judgements were obtained, and on execution the whole tract was sold to Hugh T. Keid, the sheriff exe- cuting the deed. Mr. Reid sold portions of it to various parties; but his own title was questioned, and he became involved in litigation. Decisions in favor of Reid and those holding under him were made by both District and Supreme Courts; but in December, 1850, these decisions were finally reversed by the Supreme Court of the United States, in the case of Joseph Webster, plaintifE in error, vs. Hugh T. Reid, and judgement titles failed. About nine years before the judgement titles were finally abrogated as above, another class of titles were brought into competition with them, and, in the conflict between the two, the final decision was obtained. These were the titles based on the "decree of partition" issued by the United States District Court for the Ter- ritory of Iowa, May 8, 1841, and certified to by the clerk on the 2d day of June of the same year. Edward ' Johnstone and Hugh T, Reid, then law partners at Fort Madison, filed the petition for the decree in behalf of the St. Louis claimants of half-breed lands. Francis S. Key, author of the Star-Spangled Banner, who was then attorney for the New York Land Company, which held heavy interests in these lands, took a leading part in the measure, and drew up the documents in which it was presented to the court. Judge Charles Mason, of Burlington, pre- sided. The plan of partition divided the the tract into 101 shares, and arranged that each claimant should draw his proportion by lot, and should abide the result, what- ever it might be. The arrangement was entered into, the lots drawn, and the plat of the same filed in the Recorder's office, October 6, 1841. Upon this basis the titles to the land in the Half-Breed Tract are now held. We subjoin a synopsis of the different treaties made with the Indians of Iowa: 1. Treaty with the Sioux. — Made July 15,1815; ratified December 16, 1815. This treaty was made at Portage des Sioux of Minnesota and Upper Iowa, and the United States, by William Clark and Ninian Ed- wards, Commissioners, and was merely a treatise of peace and friendship on the part of these Indians toward the United States at the close of the war of 1812. 2. Treats/ with the Sacs. — A similar treaty of peace was made at Portage des Siour, between the United States and the Sacs, by William Clark, Ninian EdVards and Auguste Choteau, on the 13th of Sep- tember, 1815, and ratified at the same date as the above. In this the treaty of 1804 was re-affirmed, and the Sacs here repre- sented promised for themselves and their bands to keep entirely separate from the Sacs of Rook river, who, under Black Hawk, had joined the British in the war just then closed. 3. Treaty with the Foxes. — A separate treaty of peace was made with the Foxes at Portage des Sioux, by the same commis- sioners, on the 14th of September, 1815, and ratified the same as the above, wherein <,^ ?-. HISTORY OF IOWA. 41 8. Treaty with the Sacs and Foxes and other tribes. — At the same time of the above treaty respecting the "Neutral Ground" (July 15, 1830), the Sacs and Foxes, Western Sioux, Omahas, lowas and Missouris ceded to the United States a por- tion of the western slope of Iowa, the boundaries of which were defined as fol- lows: Beginning at the upper fork of the Des Moines river, and passing the sources of the Little Sioux and Floyd rivers, to the bank of the first creek that falls into the Big Sioux, or Calumet, on the east side; thence down said creek and the Calumet river to the Missouri river; thence down said Missouri river to the Missouri State line above the Kansas; thence along said line to the northwest corner of said State; thence to the high lands between the waters falling into the Missouri and Des Moines, passing to said high lands along the dividing ridge between the forks of the Grand river; thence along said high lands or ridge separating the waters of the Missouri from those of the Des Moines, to a point opposite the source of the Boyer river, and thence in a direct line to the upper fork of the Des Moines, the place of beginning. It was understood that the lands ceded and relinquished by this treaty were to be assigned and allotted, under the direction of the President of the United States, to the tribes then living thereon, or to such other tribes as the President might locate thereon for hunting and other purposes. In consideration of three tracts of land ceded in this treaty, the United States agreed to pay to the Sacs ^3,000; to the Foxes, $3,000; to the Sioux, $2,000; to the Yankton and Santee bands of Sioux, $3,000; to the Omahas, $1,500; and to the Ottoes and Missouris, $2,500— to be paid annually for ten successive years. In addition to these annuities, the Government agreed to furnish some of the tribes with b'ack- srdiths and agricultural implements to the amount of $200, at the expense of the United States, and to set apart $3,000 an- nually for the education of the children of these tribes. It does not appear that any fort was erected in this territory prior to the erection of Fort Atkinson on the Neu- tral Ground in 184U-'41. This treaty was made by William Clark, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and Col. Willoughby Morgan, of the United States First Infantry, and came into effect by proclamation, February 24, 1831.' 10. Treaty with the Winnebagos. — •- Made at Fort Armstrong, Rock Island, . September 15th, 1832, by General Winfield Scott and Hon. John R ynolds, Governor of Illinois. In this treaty the Winne- bagos ceded to the United States all their land lying on the east side of the Missis- sippi, and in part consideration therefor the United States granted to the Winne- bagos, to be held as other Indian lands are held, that portion of Iowa known as the Neutral Grounds. The exchange of the two tracts of country was to take place on or before the Ist day of Jane, 1833. In addiiion to the Neutral Grounds, it was stipulated that the United States should give the Winnebagos, beginning in Sep- tember, 1833, and continuing for twenty- seven successive years, $10,000 in specie, and establish a school among them with a farm and garden, and provide other facili- ties for the education of their children, not to exceed in cost $3,000 a year, and to con- ^RT ^f 'hiL 43 HISTOEY OF IOWA. tinue the same twenty-seven successiTe years. Siz agriculturists, twelve yoke of oxen, and plows and other farming tools were to be supplied by the Government. 11. Treaty o/1832 with the Sacs and Foxes. — ^Already mentioned as the Black Hawk purchase. 12. Treaty of 1836 with the Sacs and Foxes. — Ceding Keokuk's reserve to the United States, for which the Government stipulated to pay $30,000, and an annuity of $10,000 for ten successive years, to- gether with other sums and debts of the Indians to various parties. 13. Treaty o/ 1837.— On the 21st of October, 1837, a treaty was made at the city of "Washington, between Carey A. Harris, Commissioner of Indian AflEairs, and the confederate tribes of Sacs and Foxes, ratified February 21, 1838, wherein another slice of the soil of Iowa was ob- tained, described in the treaty as follows: "A tract of country containing 1,250,000 acres, lying west and adjoining the tract conveyed by them to the United States in the treaty of September 21, 1832. It is understood that the points of termination for the present cession shall be the north- ern and southern points of tract as fixed by the survey made under the authority of the United States, and that a line shall be drawn between them so as to intersect a line extended westwardly from the angle of said tract nearly opposite to Eock Island, as laid down in the above survey, so far as maybe necessary to include the number of acres hereby ceded, which last mentioned line, it is estimated, will be about twenty- five miles." This piece of land was about twenty-five miles in the middle, and ran off to a point at both ends, lying directly back to the Black Hawk purchase, and of the same length. 14. Treaty of Helinquishment. — At the same date as the above treaty, in the city of Washington, Carey A. Harris, Commis- sioner, the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States all their right and interest in the country lying south of the boundary line between the Sacs, Foxes and Sioux, as described in the treaty of August 19, 1825, and between the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, the United States paying for the same $160,000. The Indians also gave up all claims and interests under the treaties previously made with them, for the satis- faction of which no appropriations had been made. 15. Treaty of 1842.— The last treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes October 11, 1842; ratified March 23, 1843. It was made at the Sac and Fox agency (Agency City), by John Chambers, Commissioner on behalf of the United States. In this treaty the Sac and Fox Indians ceded to the United States all their lands west of the Mississippi to which they had any claim or title. By the terms of this treaty they were to be removed from the country at the expiration of three years, and all who remained after that were to move at their own expense. Part of them were removed to Kansas in the fall of 1845, and the rest the spring following. ^^ 5 fy <» ■ «- >^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 43 CHAPTER IV, EAELT SETTLEMENTS. The first permanent settlement made by ■whites within the limits of Iowa, was by Jalien Dubuqae,in 1788, when, with a small party of miners, he settled on the site of the city that now bears his name, where he lived until his death, in 1810. What was known as the Girard settlement, in Clayton county, was made by some parties prior to the commencement of the present century. It consisted of three cabins, in 1805. Louis Honori settled on the site of the present town of Montrose, probably in 1799, and resided thereuntil 1805, when his property passed into other hands. Indian traders had established themselves at various points at an early date. Mr. Johnson, an agent of the American Fur Company, had a trading post below Burlington, where he carried on traffic with the Indians some- time before the United States purchased Louisiana. In 1820, LeMoliese, a French trader, had a station at what is now San- dusky, six miles above Keokuk, in Lee county. The same year, a cabin was built where the city of Keokuk now stands, by Dr. Samuel C. Muir, a surgeon in the United States Army. His marriage and subsequent life were very romantic. While stationed at a military post on the Upper Mississippi, the post was visited by a beau- tiful Indian maiden — whose native name, unfortunately, has not been preserved — who, in her dreams, had seen a white brave unmoor his canoe, paddle it across the river, and come directly to her lodge. She felt assured, according to the superstitious belief of her race, that in her dreams she had seen her future husband, and had come to the fort to find him. Meeting Dr. Muir, she instantly recognized him as the hero of her dream, which, with childlike innocence and simplicity, she related to him. Her dream was indeed prophetic. Charmed with Sophia's beauty, innocence and devo- tion, the doctor honorably married her; but after awhile the sneers and gibes of his brother officers — less honorable than he, perhaps — made him feel ashamed of his dark-skinned wife, and when his regiment was ordered down the river to Bellefon- taine, it is said he embraced the opportu- nity to rid himself of her, never expecting to see her again, and little dreaming that she would have the courage to follow him. But, with her infant child, this intrepid wife and mother started alone in her canoe, and after many days of weary labor and a lonely journey of 900 miles, she at last reached him. She afterward remarked, when speaking of this toilsome journey down the river in search of her husband: "When I got there I was all perished. away — so thin !" The doctor, touched by such unexampled devotion, took her to his heart, and ever after, until his death, treat- ed her with marked respect. She always ;i^ A 44 HISTORY OF IOWA. presided at his table with grace and dig- nity, but never abandoned her native style of dress. In 1819-'20 he was stationed at Fort Edward, now Warsaw, but the sense- less ridicule of some of his brother officers on account of his Indian wife induced him to resign his commission. He then built a cabin, as above stated, where Keokuk is now situated, and made a, claim to some land. This claim he leased to Otis Rey- nolds and John Culver, of St. Louis, and went to La Pointe (afterward Galena), where he practiced his profession for ten years, when he returned to Keokuk. His Indian wife bore to him four children — Louise, James, Mary and Sophia. Dr. Muir died suddenly of cholera, in 1832, but left his property in such a cofldition that it was soon wasted in vexatious liti- gation, and his brave and faithful wife, left friendless and penniless, became discour- aged, and, with her two younger children, disappeared. It is said she returned to her people, on the Upper Missouri. „ The gentleman who had leased Dr. Muir's claim at Keokuk, subsequently em- ployed as their agent Moses Still well, who arrived with his family in 1828, and took possession. His brothers-in-law, Amos and Valencourt Van Ansdal, came with him and settled near. Mr. Stillwell's daughter Margaret (afterward Mrs. Ford), was born in 1831 at the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puckashetuck. She was prob- ably the first white American child boru in Iowa. In 1829 Dr. Isaac Gallaud made a set- tlement on the Lower Rapids, at what is now Nashville. The same year James S. Langworthy, who had been engaged in lead mining at Galena since 1824, resolved to visit the Dubuque mines. The lead mines in the Dubuque region were an object of great interest to the miners about Galena, for they were known to be rich in lead ore. To explore these mines, and to obtain permission to work them was there- fore eminently desirable. Crossing the Mississippi at a point now known as Dun- leith, in a canoe, and swimming his horse by his side, he landed on the spot known as the Jones Street Levee. Before him was spread out a beautiful prairie, on which the city of Dubuque now stands. Two miles south, at the mouth of Catfish creek,, was a village of Sacs and Foxes. Thither Mr. Langworthy proceeded, and was well received by the natives. He endeavored to obtain permission from them to mine in their hills; but this they refused. He, however, succeeded in gain- ing the confidence of the chief to such an extent as to be allowed to travel in the interior for three weeks, and explore the country. He employed two young Indians as guides, and traversed in different direc- tions the whole region lying between the Maquoketa and Turkey rivers. He re- turned to the village, secured the good will of the Indians, and, returning to Galena, formed plans for future operations, to be executed as soon as the circumstances would permit. In the following year, with his brother, Lucius H., and others, having obtained the consent of the Indians, Mr. Langworthy crossed the Mi'ssissippi and commenced mining in the vicinity around Dubuque. Although these lands had been pur- chased, from France, they were not in the actual posession of the United States. The Indian titles had not been ex- F" >^. HISTORY OF IOWA. 45 tinguished, and these adventurous persons were beyond the limits of any State or Territorial government. The first settlers were therefore obliged to be their own law-makers, and to agree to such regula- tions as the exegencies of the case de- manded. The first act resembling civil legislation in.Iowa was done by the miners at this point, in June, 1830. They met on the bank of the river, by the side of an old Cottonwood drift log, at what is now the Jones Street Leevee, Dubuque, and elected a committee, consisting of J. C. Lang- worthy, H. F. Lander, James McPhetres, Samuel Scales and E. M. Wren. This may be called the first Legislature in Iowa, the members of which gathered around that old Cottonwood log, and agreed to and re- ported the following, written by Mr. Lang- worthy, on a half sheet of coarse, unruled paper, the old log being the writing desk: "We, a committee, having been chosen to draft certain rules and regulations (laws), by which we, as miners, will be governed, and, having duly considered the subject, do unanimously agree that we will be governed by the regulations on the east side of the Mississippi river, with the fol- lowing exceptions, to- wit: Article I. That each and every man shall hold two hundred yards square of ground by working said ground one day in six." "Article II. We further agree that there shall be chosen by the majority of the miners present, a person who shall hold this article, and who shall grant letters of arbitration on application having been made, and that said letters of arbitration shall be obligatory on the parties so apply- ing." ' The report was accepted by the miners present, who elected Dr. Jarote in accord- ance with article second. Here, then, we have, in 1830, a primitive Legislature elected by the people, the law drafted by it being submitted to the people for ap- proval, and under it Dr. Jarote was elected first Governor. And the laws thus enacted were as promptly obeyed as any have been since. After this, the miners, who had thus erected an independent government of their own on the west side of the Missis- sippi river, continued to work successfully for a long time, and the new settlement attracted considerable attention. But the west side of the Mississippi belonged to the Sac and Fox Indians, and the Govern- ment, in order to preserve peace on the frontier, as well as to protect the Indians in their rights under the treaty, ordered the settlers not only to stop mining, but to remove from the Indian Territory. They were simply intruders. The execution of this order was intrusted to Col. Zachary Taylor, then in command of the military post at Prairie du Chien, who, early in July, sent an officer to the miners to forbid settlement, and to command the miners to remove, within ten days, to the east side of the Mississippi, or they would be driven off by armed force. The miners, how- ever, were reluctant about leaving the rich "leads" they had already discovered and opened, and were not disposed to obey the order to remove with any considerable degree of alacrity. In due time Colonel Taylor dispatched a detachment of troops to enforce his order. The miners, anticipating their arrival, had, excepting three, recrossed the ^ 46 HISTORY OF IOWA. river, and from the east bank saw the troops land on the western shore. The three who had lingered a little too long were, however, permitted to make their escape unmolested. From this time a mil- itary force was stationed at Dubuque lo prevent the settlers from returning, until June, 1832. The Indians returned, and were encouraged to operate the rich mines opened by the late white occupants. In June, 1832, the troops were ordered to the east side of the Mississippi to assist in the annihilation of the very Indians whose rights they had been protecting on the west side. Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war, and the negotia- tions of the treaty in September, 1832, by which the Sacs and Foxes ceded the tract known as the "Black Hawk Purchase," the settlers, supposing that now they had a right to re-enter the territory, returned and took possession of their claims, built cab- ins, erected furnaces and prepared large quantities of lead for market. But the prospects of the hardy and enterprising settlers and miners were again ruthlessly interferred with by the Government, on the ground that the treaty with the Indians would not go into force until June 1st, 1833, although they had withdrawn from the vicinity of the settlement. Col. Taylor was again ordered by the War Department to remove the miners, and, in January, 1833, troops were again sent from Prairie du Chien to Dubuque, for that purpose. This was a serious and perhaps unneces- sary hardship imposed upon the miners. They were compelled to abandon their cabins and homes in mid-winter. This, too, was only out of respect for forms, for the purchase had been made, and the In- dians had retired. After the lapse of fifty years, no very satisfactory reason for this rigorous action of the Government can be given. But the orders had been given, and there w^ no alternative but to obey. Many of the settlers re-crossed the river, and did not return; a few, however, re- moved to an island near the east bank of the river, built rude cabins of poles, in which to store their lead until spring, when they could float the fruits of their labors to St. Louis for sale, and where they could remain until the treaty went into force, when they could return. Among these were the Langworthy brothers, who had on hand about 300,000 pounds of lead. No sooner had the miners left than Lieu- tenant Covington, who had been placed in command at Dubuque, by Colonel Taylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be torn down, and wagons and other property to be destroyed. This wanton and inexcusable action on the part of a subordinate, clothed with a . little brief authority, was sternly rebuked by Col. Taylor, and Covington was superseded by Lieut. George Wilson, who pursued a just and friendly course with the pioneers, who were only waiting for the time when they could repossess their claims. The treaty went formally into effect June, 1833; the troops were withdrawn, and the Langworthy brothers and a few others at once returned and resumed pos- session of their homes and claims. From this time must date the first permanent set- tlement of this portion of Iowa. Mr. John P. Sheldon was appointed superintendent of the mines, by the Government, and a system of permits to miners and licenses to smelters was adopted, similar to that w — - IS , HISTORY OF IOWA. 47 which had been in operation at Galena since 1825, under Lieut! Martin Thomas and Capt. Thomas C. Legate. Substan- tially the primitive law enacted by the miners assembled around that old cotton- wood drift l9^ in 1830, was adopted and enforced by the United Sitates Govern- ment, except that miners were required to sell their mineral to licensed smelters, and the smelter was required to give bonds for the payment of six per cent, of all lead manufactured, to the Government. The rule in the United States mines, on Fever river, in Illinois, had been, until 1830, that the miners must pay a ten per cent. tax. This tax upon the miners created much dissatisfaction among the miners on the west side, as it had on the east side of the Mississippi. They thought they had suffered hardships and privations enough in opening the way for civilization, without being subjected to the imposition of an odious Government tax upon their means of subsistence, when the Federal Government could better afford to aid than to extort from them. The measure soon became very unpopular. It was difficult to collect the taxes, and the whole system was abolished in about ten years. About five hundred people arrived in the mining district in 1833, after the In- dian title was fully extinguished, of whom one hundred and fifty were from Galena. In the same year Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first school-house in Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the populous and thriving city of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to see the naked prairie on which he first settled become the site of a city of 15,000 inhabitants; the small school-house which he aided in con- structing replaced by three substantial ed- ifices, wherein 2,000 children were being trained; churches erected in every part of the city, and railroads connecting the wil- derness, which he first explored, with all the eastern world. «IIe died suddenly, on the 13th of March, 1865, while on a trip over the Dubuque & Southern railroad, at Montioello, and the evening train brought the news of his death, and his remains. Lucius H. Langworthy, his brother, was one of the most worthy, gifted and influ- ential of the old settlers of this section of Iowa. He died greatly lamented by many friends, in June, 1865. The name "Dubuque" was given to the settlement by the miners, at a meeting held in 1834. Soon after the close of the Black Hawk war, in 1832, Zachariah Hawkins, Benja- min Jennings, Aaron White, Augustine Horton, Samuel Gooch, Daniel Thompson and Peter Williams made claims at Fort Madison. In 1833, Gen. John H. Knapp and Col. Nathaniel Knapp purchased these claims, and, in the summer of 1835, they laid out the town of "Fort Madison," and lots were exposed for sale early in 1836. The town was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the United States Govern- ment. The population rapidly increased, and in less than two years the beautiful location was covered by a flourishing town containing nearly 600 inhabitants, with a large proportion of enterprising merchants, mechanics and manufacturers. In the fall of 1832, Simpson S. White erected a cabin on the site of Burlington, 79 miles below Rock Island. During the war, parties had looked longingly upon the "Flint Hills" from the opposite side of the -« s \iL 43 HISTORY OF IOWA. river, and White was soon followed by others. David Tothers made a claim on the prairie, about three miles back from the river, at a place since known as the farm of Judge Morgan. The following winter the settlers were driven off by tVie military from Rock Island, as intruders upon the rights of the Indians. White's cabin was burned by the soldiers. He returned to Illinois, where he remained during the winter, and, in the following summer, as soon as the Indian title was extinguished, returned and re-built his cajbln. White was joined by his brother- in-law, Doolittle, and they laid out the town of Burlington in 1834, on a beautiful area of sloping eminences and gentle de- clevities, enclosed within a natural amphi- theater formed by the surrounding hills, which were covered with luxuriant forests, and presented the most picturesque scenery. The same autumn witnessed the opening of the first dry goods stores, by Dr. W. R. Ross and Major Jeremiah Smith, each well supplied with Western merchandise. Such was the beginning of Burlington, which, in less than four years, became the seat of government for the territory of Wisconsin, and, in three years more, contained a pop- ulation of 1,400 persons. Immediately after the treaty with the Sacs and Foxes, in September, 1832, Col. George Davenport made the first claim on the site of the present thriving city of Davenport. As early as 1827, Col. Daven- port had established a flat-boat ferry, which ran between the island and the main shore of Iowa, by which he carried on a trade with the Indians west of the Mississippi. In 1833 Capt. Benjamin W. Clark moved from Illinois, and laid the foundation of the town of Buffalo, in Scott county, which was the first actu'al settlement within the limits of that county. The first settlers of Davenport were Antoine LeClaire, Col. George Davenport, ]\^ajor Thomas Smith, Major Wm. Gordon, Philip Hambough, Alex. W. McGregor, Levi S. Colton, Captain James May, and others. A settlement was made in Clayton county in the spring of 1832, on Turkey river, by Robert Hatfield and Wm. W. Wayman. No further settlement was made in this part of the State until 1836. The first settlers of Muscatine county were Benjamin Nye, John Vanater and G. W. Kisey, all of whom came in 1834. E. is. Fay, Wm. St. John, N. Fullington, H. Reece, JonaPettibone,R. P.Lowe, Stephen Wbicher, Abijah Whitney, J. E. Fletcher, W. D. Abernethy and Alexis Smith were also early settlers of Muscatine. As early as 1824 a French trader named Hart had established a trading post, and built a cabin on the blufEs above the large spring now known as "Mynster Spring," within the limits of the present city of Council ^Bluffs, and had probably been there some time, as the post was known to the employes of the American Fur Com- pany as "La Cote de Hart^" or "Hart's Bluff." In 1827 an agent of the American Fur Company, Francis Guitar, with others, en- camped in the timber at the foot of the bluffs, about on the present location of Broadway, and afterward settled there. In 1839 a block house was built on the bluff in the east part of the city. The Pottawatomie Indians occupied this part of the State until 1846 7, when they re- ;i^ liL HISTORY OF IOWA. 49 linquished the territory and removed to Kansas. Billy Caldwell was then princi- pal chief. There were no white settlers in that part of the State except Indian traders, until the arrival of the Mormons under the lead of Brigham Toung. These people, on their way westward, halted for the win- ter of 1846-7 on the west bank of the Mis- souri river, about five miles above Omaha, at a place now called Florence. Some of them had reached the eastern bank of the river the spring before, in season to plant a crop. In the spring of 1847 Toung and a portion of the colony pursued their jour- ney to Salt Lake, but a large portion of them returned to the Iowa side and settled mainly within the present limits of Potta- watomie county. The principal settlement of this strange community was at a place first called ''Miller's Hollow," on Indian creek, and afterward, named Kanesville, in honor of Col. Kane, of Pennsylvania, who visitfed them soon afterward. The Mor- mon settlement extended over the county and into neighboring counties, wherever timber and water furnished desirable locar tions. Orson Hyde, priest, lawyer and editor, was installed as President of the Quorum of Twelve, and all that part of the State lemained under Mormon control for several years. In 1847 they raised a bat- talion, numbering 500 men, for the Mexi- can war. In 1848 Hyde started a paper, called the Frontier Ghmrdian, at Kanes- ville. In 1849, after many of the faithful had left to joia Brigham Toung, at Salt Lake, the Mormons in this section of Iowa num- bered 0,552, and, in 1850, 7,828, but they were not all within the limits of Pottawat- omie county. This county was organized in 1848, all the first officials being Mor- mons. In 1852 the order was promulgated that all the true believers should gather together at Salt Lake. Gentiles flocked in, and. in a few years nearly all the first settlers were gone. May 9, 1843, Capt. James Allen, with a small detachment of troops, on board the steamer "lone," arrived at the present site of the capital of the State, DesMoines. This was the first steamer to ascend the DesMoines river to this point. The troops and stores were landed at what is now the foot of Court Avenue, DesMoines, and Capt. Allen returned in the steamer to Fort Sanford, to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due time they, too, arrived, and a fort was built near the mouth of Raccoon Fork, at its confluence with the DesMoines, and named Fort DesMoines. Soon after the arrival of the troops, a trading post was established on the east side ot the river, by two noted Indian traders, named Ewing, from Ohio. Among the first settlers in this part of Iowa were Benjamin Bryant, J, B. Scott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, Robert Kinzie, Alexander Turner, Peter Newcomer, and others. ^. W^ 12 S^ lliL 50 HISTOEY OF IOWA. CHAPTER V, tEEElTOEIAL AND STATE OEGANtZATlONS. The immigration to Iowa after the Black Hawk purchase was so rapid and steady that some provision for civil government became necessary. Accordingly, in 1834, all the territory comprising the present States of Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota was made subject to the jurisdiction of Michigan Territory. Up to this time there had been no county or other organization in what is now the State of Iowa, although one or two justices of the peace had been appointed, and a postoffice was established at Dubuque in 1833. In September of 1834, therefore, the Territorial Legislature of Michigan created two connties on the west side of the Mississippi river — Du- buque and DesMoines — separated by a line drawn westward from the foot of Eock Island. These counties were partially or- ganized. John King was appointed Chief Justice of Dubuque county, and Isaac Lef- fler (of Burlington) of DesMoines county. Two associate justices, in each county, were appointed by the Governor. In October, 1835, Gen. George W. Jones, now a citizen of Dubuque, was elected a delegate to Congress. April 20, 1836, through the efforts of Gen. Jones, Con- gress passed a bill creating the Territory of Wisconsin, which went into operation July 4, of the same year. Iowa was then included in the Territory of Wisconsin, of which Gen. Henry Dodge was appointed Governor; John S. Horner, Secretary; Charles Dunn, Chief Justice; David Irwin and William C. Frazer, Associate Justices. Sept. 9, 1836, Governor Dodge ordered a census of the new Territory to be taken. This census showed a population of 10,531, of which DesMoines county contained 6,25'7, and Dubuque 4,274. Under the apportionment, the two above named counties were entitled to six members of the Council and thirteen of the House of Representatives. The Governor issued his proclamation for an election to be held on the first Monday of October, 1836, on which day the following members of the first Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin were elected from the two counties in the Black Hawk purchase : Dubuque — Council: John Fally, Thos. McKnight, Thos. McCraney. Souse: Lor- ing Wheeler, Haldin Whelan, Peter Hill Engle, Patrick Quigly, Hosea F. Camp. Df.sMoinbs — Council: Jeremiah Smith, Jr., Joseph B. Teas, Arthur B. Ingram. Souse: Isaac Leffler, Thos. Blair, Warren L. Jenkins, John Box, George W. Teas, Eli Reynolds, David R. Chance. The Legislature assembled at Belmont, in the present State of Wisconsin, October 25th, 1836, and organized by electing Henry ISaird President of the Council, and Peter Hill Engle (of Dubuque) Speaker of the House. V' :^ <2 S_ i) ^ ' HISTORY OF IOWA. 51 At this session the county of DesMoines was divided into DesMoines, Lee, VanBu- ren, Henry, Muscatine and Cook. This last is now called Scott county. The first Legislature adjourned December 9th, 1836. The second Legislature assembled at Burlington, November 9, 1837. It divided Dubuque into the counties of Dubuque, Clayton, Fayette, Delaware, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Benton, Clinton and Cedar, and adjourned January 20th, 1838. A third session was held at Burlington, commencing June 1st, and ending June 12th, 1838. Most of the new counties were not organized nntil several years afterward. The question of the organization of the Territory of Iowa now began to be agi- tated, and the desires of the people found expression in a convention held Nov. 1st, which memoralized Congress to organize a Territory west of the Mississippi, and to settle the boundary line between Wiscon- sin Territory and Missouri. The Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, then in session at Burlington, joined in the petition. Gen. George W. Jones, of Dubuque, then re- siding at Linsinawa Mound, in what is now Wisconsin, was delegate to Congress from Wisconsin Territory, and labored so earn- estly that the act was passed dividing the Territory of Wisconsin, and providing for the territorial government of Iowa. This was approved June 12, 1838, to take effect and be in force on and after July 3, 1838. The new Territory embraced "all that part of the present Territory of Wisconsin west of the Mississippi river, and west of a line drawn due north from the head- waters or sources of the Mississippi to the Territorial line." The organic act pro- vided for a Governor, whose term of office should be three years; and for a Secretary, Chief Justice, two Associate Justices, and Attorney and Marshal, who should serve four years, to be appointed by the Presi- dent, by and with the .advice and consent of the Senate. The act also provided for the election, by the white male inhabitants, citizens of the United States, over 21 years of age, of a House of Representatives, consisting of 26 members, and a council, to consist of 13 members. It also appropriated $5,000 for a public library, and $20,000 for the erec- tion of public buildings. In accordance with this act. President Van Buren appointed ex-Governor Robert Lucas, of Ohio, to be the first Governer of the new Territory. Wm. B. Conway, of Pittsburg, was appointed Secretary of the Territory; Charles Mason, of Burlington, Chief Justice, and Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, and Joseph Williams, of Penn- sylvania, Associate Judges of the Supreme and District Courts; Mr. Van Allen, of New York, Attorney; Francis Gehon, of Dubuque, Marshal; Augustus C. Dodge, Register of the Land Office at Burlington, and Thos. McKnight, Receiver of the Land Office at Dubuque. Mr. Van Allen, the District Attorney, died at Rockingham soon after his appointment, and Col. Chas. Weston was appointed to fill his vacancy. Mr. Conway, the Secretary, also died at Burlington during the second session of the Legislature, and James Clarke, editor of the Ga3ette,'wa,a appointed to succeed him. Governor Lucas, immediately after his arrival, issued a proclamation for the elec- tion of members of the first Territorial Legislature, to be held on the 10th of Sep- j) \ ^1 ^It^ 52 HISTORY OF IOWA. tember, dividing the Territory into election districts for that purpose, and appointing the I2th of November for the meeting of the Legislature to be elected at Burlington. The members were elected in accordance ■with this proclamation, and assembled at the appointed time and place. The fol- lowing are their names : Council — Jesse B. Brown, J. Keith, E. A. M. Swazey, Arthur Ingram, Robert Ralston, George llepner, Jesse J. Payne, D. B. Hughes, James M. Clark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W. Parker, Warner Lewis, Stephen Hempstead. Souse — Wm. Patterson, Hawkins Tay- lor, Calvin J. Price, James Brierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, James W. Grimes, George Temple, Van B. DeTashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler, Wm. G. Coop, Wm. H. Wallace, Asbury B. Porter, John Frierson, Wm, L. Toole, Levi Thornton, S. C. Hastings, Robert G. Roberts, Laurel Summers, Ja- bez A. Burchard, Jr., Chauncey Swan, An- drew Bankson, Thomas Cox and Hardin Nowlin. Although a large majority of both branches of the Legislature were Demo- ocrats. Gen. Jesse B. Brown (Whig), of Lee county, was elected President of the Council, and Hon. Wm. H.Wallace (Whig), of Henry county, Speaker of the House of Representatives — the former unanimously and the latter with but little opposition At that time national politics were little heeded by the people of the new Territory, but in 1840, during the Presideptial cam- paign, party lines were strongly drawn. At the same time with this Legislature, a Congressional delegate was also elected. Out of four candidates, William W. Chap- man was elected. The first session of the. Iowa Territorial Legislature was a stormy and exciting one. By the organic law the Governor was clothed with almost unlimited veto power. Governor Lucus seemed disposed to make free use of it, and the independent Hawk- eyes could not quietly submit to arbitrary and absolute rule, and the result was an unpleasant controversy between the execu- tive and legislative departments; Congress, however, by act approved March 3d, 1839, amended the organic law by restricting the veto power of the Governor to the two- thirds rule, and took from him the power to appoint sheriffs and magistrates. Among the first important matters demanding at- tention was the location of the seat of government, and provision for the erection of public buildings, for which Congress had appropriated $20,000. Gov. Lucas, in his message, had recommenced the ap- pointment of commissioners with a view to selecting a central location. The extent of the future State of Iowa was not known or thought of. Only a strip of land fifty miles wide, bordering on the Mississippi river, was the Indian title extinguished, and a central location meant some central point in the Black Hawk Purchase. The friends of a central location sup- ported the Governor's suggestion. The Southern members were divided between Burlington and Mount Pleasant, but finally united on the latter as the proper location for the seat of government. The central and southern parties were very nearly equal, and, in consequence, much excitement pre- vailed. The central party at last tri- umphed, and, on January 21st, 1839, an act rif* •t • « ) ^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 63 was passed appointing Chauncey Swan, of Dubuque county, John Ronalds, of Louisa county, and Robert Ralston, of DesMoines county, Commissioners to select a site for a permanent seat of government within the limits of Johnson county. The first settlement within the limits of Johnson county was made in 1837. The county was created by act of th^ Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, approved Dec. 21, 1837, and organized by act passed at the special session at Burlington, in June, 1838, the organization to date from July 4, following. Napoleon, on the Iowa river, a few miles below the future Iowa City, was designated as the temporary county seat. All things considered, the location of the capital in Johnson county was a wise act. The Territory was bounded on the north by the British possessions; east, by the Mississippi river to its source; thence by a line drawn due north to the northern boundary of the United States; south, by the State of Missouri, and west by the Missouri and White Earth rivers. But this immense territory was in undisputed possession of the Indians, except a strip on the Mississippi, known as the Black Hawk Purchase. Johnson county was, from north to south, in the geographical center of this purchase, and as near the east and west geographical center of the future State of Iowa as could then be made, as the boundary line between the lands of the United States and the Indians estab- lished by the treaty of Oct. 21, 1887, was immediately west of the county limits. After selecting the site, the Commission- ers were directed to lay out 640 acres into a town, to be called Iowa City, and to pro- ceed to sell lots and erect public buildings thereon, Congress having granted a section of land to be selected by the Territory for this purpose. The Commissioners met at Napoleon, Johnson county. May 1, 1839, selected for a site section 10, in township 79 north, of range 6 west of the fifth prin- cipal meridian, and immediately surveyed it and laid^off the town. The first sale of lots took place Aug. 16, 1839. The site selected for the public buildings was a little west of the center of the section, where a square of 10 acres, on the elevated grounds overlooking the river, was reserved for the purpose. The capitol is located in the center of this square. The second Ter- ritorial Legislature, which assembled in November, 1839, passed an act requiring the Commissioners to adopt such plan for the building that the aggregate cost, when complete, should not exceed $51,000, and if they had already adopted a plan involv- ing a greater expenditure, they were direct- ed to abandon it. Plans for the building were designed and drawn by Mr. John F. Rague, of Springfield, Ills., and July 4, 1840, the corner-stone of the edifice was laid with appropriate ceremonies. Samuel C. Trowbridge was marshal of the day, and Governor Lucas delivered the address on that occasion. On July 13, 1840, Governor Lucas an- nounced to the Legislature then as- sembled in special session, that on the 4th of that month he had visited Iowa City, and found the basement of the cap- itol nearly completed. A bill authorizing a loan of $20,000 for the building was passed January 15, 1841, the unsold lots of Iowa City being the security offered, but only $5,500 was obtained under the act. - V.9 ^ -W.> iht^ 54 HISTORY OF IOWA. Monday, December 6, 1841, the fourth Legislative Assembly met at the new cap- ital, Iowa City, but the capitol building could not be used, and the Legislature oc- cupied a temporary frame house, that had been erected for that purpose during the session of 1841-2. At this session, the Superintendent of Public Buildings (who, with the Territorial Agent, had superseded the Commissioners first appointed,) esti- mated the expense of completing the build- ing at $33,330, and of completing rooms for the use of the Legislature at $1 5,600. During the following year the Superin- tendent commenced obtaining stone from a new quarry about ten miles northeast of the city. This is now known as the "Old Cap- itol Quarry," and is thought to contain an immense quantity of excellent building stone. Here all the stone for completing the building was obtained, and it was so far completed that, on the 5th day of De- cember, 1842, the Legislature assembled in the new Capitol. At this session the Su- perintendent estimated that it would cost $39,143 to finish the building. This was nearly $6,000 higher than the estimate of the previous year, notwithstanding a large sum had been expended in the meantime. This rather discouraging discrepancy was accounted for by the fact that the officers in charge of the work were constantly short of funds. Except the Congressional appropriation of $20,000, and the loan of S5,500 obtained from the Miners' Bank of Dubuque, all the funds for the prosecution of the work were derived from the sale of the city lots (which did not sell very rap- idly), from certificates of indebtedness, and from -scrip, based upon unsold lots, which was to be received in payment for such lots when they were sold. At one time the Superintendent made a requisition^ for bills of iron and glass, which could not be obtained nearer than St. Louis. To meet this, the agent sold some lots for a draft payable at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, for which he was compelled to pay 25 per cent, exchange. This draft amounted to $507, which that officer reported to be more than one-half the cash actually handled by him during the entire season, when the dis- bursements amounted to very nearly $24,- 000. With such uncertainty, it could not be expected that the estimate could be very accurate. With all these disadvan- tages, however, the work appears to have been prudently prosecuted, and as rapidly as circumstances would permit. In 1841, John Chambers succeded Robert Lucas as Territorial Governor. The office was held by him until 1845, when it was filled by James Clarke. The first Legislative Assembly laid the broad foundation of civil equality, on which has been constructed one of the most lib- eral governments in the Union. Its first act was to recognize the equality of woman with man, before the law, by providing that " no action commenced by a single woman, who marries during the pendency thereof, shall abate on account of such marriage." This principle has been adopted in all subsequent legislation in Iowa, and to-day woman has full and equal rights with man, excepting only the right of the ballot. Religious toleration was also secured to all, personal liberty strictly guarded the rights and privileges of citizenship ex- tended to all white persons, and the purity of elections secured by heavy penalties It- 12 '>y HISTORY OF IOWA. not gone into effect. He, therefore, and the Governor, refused Harlan a certificate of election. The Supreme Court sustained their action. At this first session of the General As- sembly, the Treasurer of State reported that the capitol building ■was in a very exposed condition, liable to injury from storms, and expressed the hope that some provision would be made to complete it, at least sufficiently to protect it from the weather. The General Assembly re- sponded by appropriating S2,500 for the completion of the public buildings. At the first session, also, arose the question of the relocation of the capitol. The western boundary of the State, as now determined, left Iowa City too far toward the eastern and southern boundary of the State; this was conceded. Congress, had appropri- ated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, and toward the close of the session a bill was introduced pro- viding for the relocation of the seat of government, involving to some extent the location of the State University, which had already been discussed. This bill gave rise to much discussion, and parlia- mentary maneuvering almost purely sec- tional in its character. It provided for the appointment of commissioners, who were authorized to make a location as near the geographical centre of the State as a healthy and eligible site could be ob- tained; to select the five sections of land donated by Congress, to survey and plat into town lots not exceeding one section of the land so selected; to sell lots at public sale, not to exceed two in each block. Having done this, they were then required to suspend further operatiocs, and make a report of their proceeding to the Governor. The bill passed both Houses by decisive votes, received the signature of the Gov- ernor, and became a law. Soon after, by "An act to locate and establish a State University," approved Feb. 25, 1847, the unfinished public buildings at Iowa City, together with the ten acres of lands on which they were situated, were granted for the use of the University, reserving their use, however, by the General Assembly and the State officers, untU other provisions were made by law. The Commissioners forthwith entered upon their duties, and selected four sec- tions and two half sections in Jasper county. Two of these sections are in what is nowDesMoines township, and the others in Fairview township, in the southern part of that county. These lands are situated between Prairie City and Monroe, on the Keokuk & DesMoines railroad, which runs diagonally through them. Here a town was platted called Monroe City, and a sale of lots took place. The number of 415 lots were sold, at prices that were not con- sidered remarkably remunerative. The cash payments (one-fourth) amounted to $1,797.43, while the expenses of the sale and the claims of the Commissioners for services amounted to $2,206.57. The Com- missioners made a report of their proceed- ings to the Governor, as required by law, but the location was generally condemned. When the report of the Commissioners, showing this brilliant financial operation, had been read in the House of Represent- atives, at the next session, and while it was under consideration, an indignant member, afterward known as the eccentric Judge McFarland, moved to refer the report to a IT^ fi> «^ , ^Ll 60 HISTORY OF IOWA. select committee of five, •with instructions to report "how much of said city of Mon- roe was under water, and bow much was burned." The report was referred, with- out the instructions, but Monroe City never became the seat of government. By an act approved January 15, 1849, the law by which the location had been made was re- pealed, and the new town was vacated, the money paid by purchasers of lots being refunded to them. This, of course, re- tained the seat of government at Iowa City, and precluded for the time the occu- pation of the building and grounds by the University. At the same session $3,000 more were appropriated for completing the State building at Iowa City. In 1852, the fur- ther sum of $5,000, and in 1854 $4,000 more were appropriated for the same pur- pose, making the whole cost $123,000, paid partly by the general Government and partly by the State, but principally by the proceeds of the sale of lots in Iowa City. After the adjournment of the first Gen- eral Assembly, the Governor appointed Joseph Williams, Chief Justice, and Geo. Green and John F. Kinney Judges, of the Supreme Court. They were afterward elected by the second General Assembly, and constituted the Supreme Court until 1855, with the exception that Kinney re- signed in January, 1854, and J. C. Hall, of Burlington, was appointed in his place. Hall was one of the earliest and ablest lawyers of the State, and his memory will long be cherished by the early members of the profession. Some changes having . occurred by death and removal, the Gov- ernor was induced to call an extra session of the General Assembly in January, 1848, with the hope of an election of United States Senators. The attempt, however, was again unsuccessful. At this session, Charles Mason, William G. Woodward and Stephen Hempstead were appointed Com- missioners to prepare a code of laws for the State. Their work was finished in 1850, and was adopted by the General As- sembly. This "code" contained, among other provisions, a code of civil practice, superseding the old common-law forms of actions and writs, and it was admissible for its simplicity and method. It remained in force until 18G3, when it was superseded by the more complicated and metaphys- ical system of the revision of that year. The first Representatives in Congress were S. Clinton Hastings, of Muscatine, and Shepherd Leffler, of DesMoiues county. The second General Assembly elected to the United Slates Senate, Augustus Caesar Dodge and George W. Jones. The State government, after the first session, was under the control of Democratic ad- ministration till 1855. The electoral vote of the State was cast for Lewis Cass, in 1848, and for Franklin Pierce in 1852. The popular vote shows that the Free-Soil element of State during this period very nearly held the balance of power, and that up to 1854 it acted in the State elections to some extent with the Democratic party. In 1848 Lewis Cass received 12,093 votes, Zachary Taylor 11,043, and Martin Van Buren,the Free-Soil candidate, 1,226 votes, being 176 less than a majority for Cass. In 1852, Pierce received 17,762 votes, Scott 15,855, and Hale (Free-Soil) 1,606, being for Pierce 301 votes more than a majority. @ »». i\^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 61 The question of the permanent location of the seat of government was not settled, and in 1851 bills were introduced for its removal to Fort DesMoines. The latter appeared to have the support of the major- ity, but was finally lost in the House on the question of ordering it to its third reading. At the next session, in 1853, a bill was again introduced in the Senate for the re- moval of the seat of government to Fort DesMoines, and, on final vote, was just barely defeated. At the next session, how- ever, the effort was more successful, and January 15th, 1855, a bill relocating the Capital within two miles of the Kaccoon Fork of the DesMoines, and for the ap- pointment of Commissioners, was approved by Gov. Grimes. The site was selected in 1856, in accordance with the provisions of this act; the land being donated to the State by citizens and property-holders of DesMoines. An association of citizens erected a building for a temporary capitol, and leased it to the State at a nominal rent. The passage by Congress of the act organizing the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska, and the provision it contained abrogating that portion of the Missouri bill that proU.bited slavery and involuntary servitude north of 36 ° 30' was the begin- ning of a political revolution in the North- ern States, and in none was it more marked than in the State of Iowa. Iowa was the "first free child born of the Missouri com- promise," and has always resented the de- struction of her foster parent. In the summer of 18»4 there was a. tacit coalition or union of the Whig and Free- Soil elements of the State. Alarmed at the aggressive spirit manifested by the ad- herents of the peculiar institution, the Free-Soilers, who almost held the balance of power in the State, readily adopted as their candidate the Whig nominee for Gov- ernor. Many of the old-line Whigs aban- doned their party because of this coalition, but many strong and able men among the Democrats co-operated with it. James W. Grimes was the nominee of the Whigs, and Curtis Bates, of Polk county, was the nominee of the Democratic party. Grimes was then in the vigor of his manhood, and all the energies of his being appeared to be aroused by what he denominated the aggressions of the slave power. He was thoroughly in earnest, and canvassed most of the organized counties of the State. The people flocked by the thousands to hear him, and were electrified by his elo- quence. No one of the opposition at- tempted to meet him in debate. The re- sult was his election by a majority of 1 ,404 in a vote of 21,794. A majority was also secured in the General Assembly on joint ballot of the two Houses in opposition to the Democratic party. The opposition party in 1854-'5 were known as anti-Ne- braska Whigs. A caucus of this opposing element nominated James Harlan as their candidate for United States Senator, Geo. G. Wright for Chief Justice, and Norman W. Isbell and Wm. G. Woodward for Judges of the Supreme Court. A portion of the opposition, however, refused to go into this caucus, or to abide by its decision as to the United States Sen- ator. They were the personal friends of Ebenezer Cook, of Scott county. A joint convention was secured, and the Judges of the Supreme Court were elected. (? 1^ ti\ 62 HISTORY OF IOWA. After frequent balloting and adjournments, it was at last understood that Cook's friends had yielded, and would support Mr. Harlan. When the hour arrived to which the joint convention had adjourned, messengers were sent to the Senate by the House, to inform that body that the House was ready to meet them in joint conven- tion. Before this message could be de- livered, the Senate had adjourned over until the next day. The anti-Nebraska Senators, however, entered the hall of the House and took their seats in joint conven- tion. Much confusion prevailed, but finally a President ^ro tern, of the conven- tion was chosen, and Mr. Harlan was elected. His seat was contested, and his election declared invalid by the United Stales Senate. At the next session of the General As- sembly, held in 1857, Mr. Harlan was re- elected, and was permitted to take his seat. The year 1856 marked a new era in the history of Iowa. 'In 1854 the Chicago & Rock Island railroad had been completed to tte east bank of the Mississippi river, opposite. Davenport. In the same year the corner-sllone of a railroad bridge that was to be the first to span the "Father of Waters," was laid with appropriate cere- monies, at this point. St. Louis had re- solved that the enterprise was unconstitu- tional, and by writs of injunction made an unsuccessful effort to prevent its comple- tion. Twenty years later in her history St. Louis repented her folly, and made atonement for her sin by imitating Iowa's example. January 1st, 1856, this railroad was completed to Iowa City. In the mean- time two other railroads had reached the east bank of the Mississippi — one opposite Burlington and one opposite Dubuque — and these were being extended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four other lines of railroads had been projected across the State, from the Mississippi to the Mis- souri, having eastern connections. May 15th, 1856, Congress passed an act granting to the State, to aid in the con- struction of railroads, the public lands in alternate sections, six miles on each side of the proposed lines. An extra session of the General Assembly was called in July of this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that pro- p6sed to complete these enterprises. The population of Iowa was now 500,000. Pub- lic attention had been called to the neces- sity of a railroad across the continent. The position of Iowa, in the very heart and center of the republic, on the route of this great highway of the continent, began to attract attention. Cities and towns sprang up through the State as if by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been employed in devel- oping the vast coal measures and establish- ing manufactories, or if it had been expended in improving the lands, and in building houses and barns, it would have been well. But all were in haste to get rich, and the spirit of speculation ruled the hour. In the meantime, every effort was made to help the speedy completion of the i ail- roads. Nearly every county and city on' the Mississippi, and many in the interior, voted large' corporate subscriptions to the stock of the railroad companies, and issued their negotiable bonds for the amount. Thus enormous county and city debts were incurred, the payment of which these mu- '\ <^ — ^ ^ g> HISTORY OF IOWA. 63 nicipalities tried to avoid, upon the plea that they had exceeded the constitutional limitation of their powers. The Supreme Court of the United States held these bonds to be valid, and the courts, hj- man- damus, compelled the city and county authorities to levy taxes to pay the judg- ments recovered upon them. These debts are not all paid, even to this day; but the worst is over, and the incubus is in the course of ultimate extinction. The most valuable lessons are those learned in the school of experience, and, accordingly, the corporations of Iowa have ever since been noted for economy. In 1856 the Republican party of the State was duly organized, in full sympathy with, that of the other free States, and at the ensuing presidential election the elec- toral vote of the State was cast for John C. Fremont. The popular vote was as follows : Fremont, 43,954; Buchanan, 36,- 170, and Fillmore, 9,180. This was 1,396 less than a majority for Fremont. The following year an election was held, after an exciting campaign, for State officers, resulting in a majority of 1,406 for Ralph P. Lowe, the Republican nominee. Tbe Legislature was largely Republican in both branches. In June, 1854, a Board of State Com- missioners contracted with the DesMoines Navigation Railroad Company, an organ- ization composed principally of New York capitalists, to undertake the work, agree- ing to convey to the company lands at $1.25 an acre for all moneys advanced and expended. In the meantime difficul- ties arose in regard to the extent of the grant. The State claimed lands through- out the whole extent of the river to the north line of the State. , The Department of the Interior changed its rulings under the several administratipns. The Com- missioner of the General Land Office cer- tified to the State about 320,000 acres of land below the Raccoon Fork of the river, and about 270,000 acres above it prior to 1857, when he refused to certify any more. This led to a settlement and compromise with the Navigation Company in 1858, whereby the company took all the land certified to the State at that date, and paid the State $20,000 in addition to what they had already expended, cancelled their con- tract atid abandoned the work. The General Assembly granted to the DesMoines Valley Railroad Company the remainder of the grant to the State line, to aid in building a railroad up and along the DesMoines Valley ; and Congress, in 1862, extended the grant, by express enactment, to the north line of the State. The most injurious result to the State, arising from the spirit of speculation pre- valent in 1856, was the purchase and entry of great bodies of Government land within the State by non-residents. This land was held for speculation, and placed beyond the reach of actual settlers for many years. From no other one cause has Iowa suf- fered so much as from the short-sighted policy of the Federal Government in sell- ing lands within her borders. The money thus obtained by the Federal Government has been comparatively inconsiderable. The va]lue of this magnificient public do- main to the United States was not in the few thousands of dollars she might exact from the hardy settlers, or that she might obtain from the speculator who hoped to s \ 64 HISTORY OF IOWA. profit by the settlers' labors in improving the country. Statesmen should have taken a broader and more comprehensive view of national econpmy, and a view more in harmony with the divine economy that had prepared these vast fertile plains of the West for the "homes of men and the seats of empire." It was here that new States were to be builded up that should be the future strength of the nation against for- eign invasion or home revolt. A single regiment of Iowa soldiers during the dark days of the Rebellion was worth more to the nation than all the money she ever ex- acted from the toil and sweat of Iowa's early settlers. Could the statesmen of forty years ago have looked forward to this day, when Iowa pays her $1,000,000 annu- ally into the treasury of the nation for the extinction of the national debt, they would have realized that the founding of new States was a greater enterprise than the retailing of public lands. In January, 1857, another Constitutional Convention assembled at Iowa City, which framed the present State constitution. One pf the most pressing demands for this con- vention grew out of the prohibition of banks under the old constitution. The practical result of this prohibition was to flood the State with every species of "wild-cat" currency. Our circulating medium was made up in part of the free-bank paper of Illinois and Indiana. In addition to this, we had paper issued by Iowa brokers, who had obtained bank charters from the Ter- ritorial Legislature of Nebraska, and had their pretended headquarters atOmaJia and Florence. Our currency was also well assorted with the bills from other States, generally such as had the best reputation where they were least known. This paper was all at 2, and some of it from 10 to 15 per cent, discount. Every man who was not an expert in detecting counterfeit bills, and who was not posted in the history of all manner of banking institutions, did business at his peril. The new constitution made ample provisions for house banks under the supervision of our own laws. The limitation of our State debt was en- larged to $250,000, and the corporate in- debtedness of the cities and counties were also limited to five per cent, upon the valu- ation of their taxable property. The Judges of the Supreme Court were to be elected by the popular vote. The permanent seat of government was fixed at DesMoines, and the Stat^ Uni- versity located at Iowa City. The qualifi- cations of electors remained the same as under the old constitution, but the schedule provided for a. vote of the people upon a separate proposition to strike the word "white" out of the suffrage clause, which, had it prevailed, would have resulted in conferring the right of suffrage without distinction of color. Since the early or- ganization of Iowa there had been upon the statute books a law providing that no negro, mulatto or Indian should be a com- petent witness in any suit or proceeding to which a white man was a party. The Gen- eral Assembly of 1856-"7 repealed this law, and the new constitution contained a clause forbidding such disqualification in the future. It also provided for the education of "all youth of the State" through a sys- tem of common schools. This constitution was adopted at the ensuing election by a vote of 40,311 to 38,681. -V J .* ^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 65 October 19, 1851, Gov. Grimes issued a proclamatiou declaring the City of Des- Moines to be the capital of the State of Iowa. The removal of the archives and offices was commenced at once and con- tinued through the fall. It was an under- taking of no small magitudc; there was not a mile of railroad to facilitate the work, and the season was unusually dis- agreeable. Rain, snow and other accom- paniments increased the difficulties, and it was not until December that the last of the effects, — the safe of the State Treasurer, loaded on two large "bob-sleds," drawn by ten yokes of oxen, — was deposited in the new capitol. Thus Iowa City ceased to be the capital of the State after four Territo- rial Legislatures, six State Legislatures and three Constitutional Conventions had held their sessions there. In 1856 and 1858 large appropriations were made for the erection of public build- ings and the support of the unfortunate classes, and a. loan of $200,000 was author- ized. During the years 1858-60, the Sioux In- dians became tronblesome in the north- western part of the State. They made frequent raids for the purpose of plunder, and on several occasions murdered whole families of settlers. In 1861 several com- panies of militia were ordered to that por- tion of the. State to hunt down and expel the thieves. No battles were fought, the Indians fleeing as soon as they ascertained systematical measures had been adopted for their punishment. In 1870 the General Assembly mSde an appropriation and provided for the appoint- ment of a Board of Commissioners to commence the work of building a new cap- itol. The corner-stone was laid with ap- propriate ceremonies November 23, 1871. The building is a beautiful specimen of modern architecture. When Wisconsin Territory was organ- ized, in 1836, the entire population of that portion of the Territory now embraced in the State of Iowa, was 10,531. The Terri- tory then embraced two counties, Dubuque and DesMoines, erected by the Territory of Michigan, in 1834. Since then, the counties have increased to ninety-nine, and the population in 1880 was 1,624,463. The following table will show the population at different periods since the erection of Iowa Territory: Tear. Fopnlatlon. 1838 22,589 1840 43,115 1844 75,152 1846 97,588 1847 116,651 1849 152,988 1850 191,982 1851 204,774 . 1852 230,71 3 1854 326,013 1856 519,055 1859 638,775 1860 674,913 1863, 701,732 1865 750,699 1 867 902,040 1869 1,040,819 1870 1,191,727 1873 1,251,333 1875 1,366,000 1880 1,624,463 The most populous county is Dubuque, 42,997. Polk county has 41,395, and Scott 41,270. -Not only in population, but in ^ 'iL 60 HISTOEY OF IOWA. everything contributing to the growth and greatness of a State has Iowa made rapid progress. In a little more than thirty-five years its wild but beautiful prairies have advanced from the home of the savage to a highly civilized commonwealth, embra- cing all the elements of progress which characterize the older States. The first railroad acro^, the State was completed to Council Bluffs in January, 1861. The completion of three others soon followed. In 1854 there was not a mile of railroad in Iowa. Within the succeeding twenty years, 3,765 miles were built and put in successful operation. The present value of buildings for State institutions, including the estimated cost of the oapitol, is as follows : State Capitol $2,500,000 State Uniyersity 400,000 Agricultural College and Farm. 300,000 Institution for the Blind 150,000 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 225,000 Institutions for the Insane 1,149,000 Orphans' Home 62,000 Penitentiaries 408,000 Normal School 50,000 Reform School 90,000 The State has never levied more than two and one-half mills on the dollar for State tax, and this is at present the consti- tutional limit. The State has no debti No other influence has contributed so much to the progress and development of Iowa as the newspapers of the State. No class of men have labored more assiduously and disinterestedly for the development of the State and the advancement of her ma- terial interests, than her editors. There are now published in Iowa 25 daily papers, 364 weekly papers, and 13 monthly publi- cations. These are as a rule well supported by the people. Such is briefly a summary of the history and resources of Iowa. There is perhaps no other country on earth where so few people are either rich or poor as in Iowa; where there is such an equality of condi- tion, and where so many enjoy a compe- tence. The law exempts- from execution a homestead to every head of a family. Every sober, industrious man can in a short time acquire a home. Iowa is the home for the immigrant. The children of the laboring man have no prejudice of caste to overcome in the effort they may choose to make for the improvement of their condi- tion in life. Here all men enjoy the alien- able blessings of "life, liberty and the pur- suit of happiness," not only unfettered by legal disabilities, but also untrammeled by those fixed conditions of social and busi- ness life that elsewhere result from accu- mulated wealth in the possession of the few. As education is free, so also the ave- nues of success are open in every pursuit and calling. The highest incentives exist to exertion. Labor and effort, whether manual or mental, are held alike honorable; and idleness and crime are alone consid- ered disreputable. Thriving cities and towns dot the land; an iron net-work of thousands of miles of railroads is woven over its Iroad acres; 10,000 school-houses, in which more than 500,000 children are being taught the rudi- ments of education, testify to the culture and liberality of the people; high schools, colleges and universities, are generously endowed by the State; manufactories are .f 9 i^ HISTORY OF IOWA. G1 busy on all her water-coui-.ses, and in most of her cities and towns. We quote from Judge Nourse: "The great ultimate fact that America would demonstrate is, the existence of a people capable of attaining and preserving a su- perior civilization, with a government self- imposed, self-administered and self-perpet- uated. In this age of wonderful progress, America can exhibit nothing to the world of mankind more wonderful or more glo- rious, than her new States — young empireSj born of her own enterprise, and tutored at her own political hearth-stone. Well may she say to the monarchies of the old world, who look for evidence of her regal grandeur and state: 'Behold, these are my jewels !' And may she never blush to add: 'This one in the center of the diadem is called Iowa I" ' The following is the census of Iowa by counties, as taken by the National Gov- ernment at each decade: CENSUS OF IOWA. COTTNTIES. /^;:? 1840. leso. 1860. 1870. 1880. ' Adair 984 1,533 12, 237 11, 931 451 8,496 8,244 4,233 4 915 7,906 57 3,724 147 281 1,612 12,949 910 58 4,336 5,427 52 20,728 IB, 938 383 6,244 13, 764 8,677 11, 024 19,611 180 31, 164 105 \- 12, 073 ;, 3, 744 5 1, 309 i 6,074 5 1,374 «• 793 ■ 3,053 3,982 4,614 17,868 16, 466 1,312 2J, 454 81,7(8 14, 584 12,528 17, 034 l,5t5 » 951 1, 602 , 2,451 5 464 19, 731 4,722 1,967 10,180 8,735 1,523 27, 771 35, 357 2,530 12, 019 15,565 12, 018 17, 432 27, 256 1, 389 38,969 1,3<)2 16, 973 10, 768 4,738 11, 174 4,627 6,399 7,061 11 199 11 183 777 3,131 19 T91 16 636 7,448 673 135 735 24,888 20, 838 14,0-1 18,547 7,537 U, 293 5, SOS 517 Butler .- ---■ 12 351 16, 943 18,937 11 461 1,'253 3,941 8 240 14 534 709 C)ay - 4,248 28,829 1,101 821 3; 873 S,82i 12,413 18,748 16 468 Dallas 834 7,264 965 1, 759 12,988 Davis .... 15, 336 17, 9.6 33 099 168 5,577 1,901 42 997 Dalinquft ................................ 3,059 10, 841 Fayette 625 22,258 14,677 10,248 17,653 12,725 12,639 14.863 Floyd 1,244 Guthrie \K. ^1 t\£L 68 HISTORY OF IOWA. CENSUS OF IOWA— Continued. COUNTIBS. 1840. 1850. 1860. 1870. 1880. Hamiltoti 1,C!)9 179 5,440 3,621 18, 701 3,168 333 43 8,029 18, 493 9,883 15,038 17, 573 13.306 13,271 416 89, 233 18,947 10, 370 6,766 6, 055 !V HISTORY OF IOWA. 69 CHAPTER VIL GEOLOGY — TOPOGEAPHT — WATEE COUKSKS. Geologists divide the soil of Iowa into three general divisions — drift, bluff and alluvial. The drift occupies a much larger part of the surface of the State than both the others. The bluff has the next greatest area of surf ace, and the alluvial least. All soil is disintegrated rock. The drift de- posit of Iowa was derived, to a consider- able extent, from the rocks of Minnesota; biit the greater part of Iowa drift was de- rived from its own rocks, much of' which has been transported but a short distance. In northern and northwestern Iowa the drift contains more sand and gravel than elsewhere. In southern Iowa the soil is frequently stiff and clayey. The bluff soil is found only in the western part of the State, and adjacent to the Missouri river. Although it contains less than one per cent, of clay in its composition, it is in no re- spect inferior to the best drift soil. The alluvial soil is that of the flood plains of the river valleys, or bottom lands. That which is periodically flooded by the rivers is of little value for agricultural purposes; but a large part of it is entirely above the reach of the highest flood, and is very pro- ductive. The stratified rocks of Iowa range from the Azoic to the Mesozoic, inclusive; but the greater portion of the surface of the State is occupied by those of the Palaeozoic age. The table below will show each of these formations in their order: iv BTSTKMB. AUKS. Cretaceous CarboniferonB... DeTonlan Upper bilarian.. Xcver Silnriaiu. Azoic ,. OBOCPB. tEKlOUg. ( Post Tertiary (Lower Cretaceous. . Coal Measures..... SubcarboDiferons.. Hamilton ...... Niagara CincinnatL... Trenton.^. Primordial. naroniaDj.... FORMATIONS. ErOCHS. Drift ( loocersmons Bed.. < Woodbury Sandstone and Sbales ( Kishnabotany Sandstoue S Upper Goal Measares Middle Coal Heaenres , Lower Coal Measures f St. Louis Limestone ..... J Keokuk Limestone I Burlington Limestone iKinderhook Beds Hamilton Limestone and Shales Niagara Limestone Maqaoketa Shales...... I Cralena Limestone......... ) Trenton Idmestone. SSt. Peter's Sandstone Lower Magnesian Limestone Potsdam Sandstone Sioux Quart zlte THICKNESS Ui ITEET. 10 to 200 SO 130 100 200 201 2IJ0 75 90 196 175 2i0 350 S50 80 260 300 60 i) \, '^ 70 HISTORY OF IOWA. AZOIC SYSTEM. The Sioux quartzite is found exposed in natural ledges only upon a few acres in the extreme northwest corner of the State, upon the banks of the Big Sioux river, for which reason the specific name of Sioux quartzite has been given them. It is an intensely hard rock, breaks in splintery fracture, and of a color varying, in different localities, from a light to deep red. The process of metamorphism has been so complete throughout the whole formation, that the rock is almost every- where of uniform texture. The dip is four or five degrees to the northward, and the trend of the outcrop is east yard and westward. — |. LOWER SILUEIAN SYSTEM. Primordial Group, — The Potsdam sand- stone formation is exposed only in a small portion of the northeastern part of the State. It is only to be seen in the bases of the bluffs and steep valley sides which border the river there. It is nearly value- less for economic purposes. No fossils have been discovered in this formation in Iowa. Lower Magnesian Idmestone. — This formation has but little greater geographi- cal extent in Iowa than the Potsdam sand- stone. It lacks a uniformity of texture and stratification, owing to which it is not generally valuable for building purposes. The only fossils found in this formation in the State are a few traces of crinoids, near McGregor, ■v-.-r . -. . The St. Peters sandstone formation is remarkably uniform in thickness through- out its known geographical extent, and it occupies a large portion of the northern half of Allamakee county, immediately beneath the drift. . _ Trenton Group. — "With the exception of the Trenton limestone, all the limestones of both Upper and Lower Silurian age in Iowa are magnesian limestone — nearly pure dolomites. This formation occupies large portions of Winneshiek and Allama- kee counties and a small part of Clayton. The greater part of it is useless for eco- nomic purposes; but thei'e are some com- pact, even layers that furnish fine material for window-caps and sills. Fossils are so abundant in this formation that in some places the rock is made up of a mass of shells, corals and fragments of trilobites", cemented by calcareous material into a solid rock. Some of these fossils are new to science and peculiar to Iowa. The Galena limestone is the upper form- ation of the Trenton Group. It is 150 miles long, and seldom exceeds 12 miles in width. It exhibits its greatest develop- ment in Dubuque county. It is nearly a pure dolomite, with a slight admixture of silicons matter; good blocks for dressing are sometimes found near the top of the bed, although it is usually unfit for such a purpose. This formation is the source of the lead ore of the Dubuque lead mines. The lead region proper is confined to an area of about 15 miles square in the vicinity of Dubuque. The ore occurs in vertical fissures, which traverse the rock at regular intervals from east to west; some is found in those which have a north and south direc- tion. This ore is mostly that known as Galena, or sulphuret of lead, very small ^^ I 13 -ti lU 3» iL HISTORY OF IOWA. 71 quantities only of the carbonate being found with it. Cincinnati Group. — The surface occu- pied by the Maquoketa shales is more than 100 miles in length, but is singularly long and narrow, seldom reaching a mile or two in width. The most northern exposure yet recognized is in the western part of Winneshiek county, while the most south- erly is in Jackson county, in the bluffs of the Mississippi. The formation is largely composed of bluish and brownish shales, sometimes slightly arenaceous, sometimes calcareous, which weather into a. tenacious clay upon the surface, and the soil derived from it is usually stiff and clayey. Several species of fossils which characterize the Cincinnati Group are found in the Maquo- ktrw rihales, but they contain a larger num- ber than have been found anywhere else in these shales in Iowa, and their distinct faunal characteristics seem to warrant the separation of the Maquoketa shales as a distinct formation from others in the group. UPPBK SILUEIAK SYSTEM. Niagara Group. — ^The area occupied by the Niagara limestone is 40 and 50 miles in width, and nearly 160 miles long, from north to south. This formation is entirely a magnesian limestone, with a considerable portion of silicious matter, in some places, in the form of chert or coarse flint. A large part of it probably affords the best and greatest amount of quarry rock in the State. The quarries at Anamosa, LeClaire and Farley are all opened in this forma- tion. BEVOSIAN STSTBM. "^ '' ~ Hamilton Group. — The area of surface occupied by the Hamilton limestone and shales is as great as those by all the form- ations of both Upper and Lower Silurian age in the State. Its length is nearly 200 miles, and width from 40 to 50. A large part of the material of this is quite worth- less, yet other portions are valuable for economic purposes; and, having a large geographical extent in the State, is a very important formation. Its value for the production of hydraulic lime has been demonstrated at Waverly, Bremer county; the heavier piers and other material re- quiring strength and durability. All the Devonian strata of Iowa evidently belong to a single epoch. The most conspicuous and characteristic fossils of this formation are brachiopodes, corals and mullusks. The coral Acervularia Davidsoni occurs near Iowa City, and is known as "Iowa City marble" and "Bird's Eye marble." CAEBONIFBEOtrS STSTKM. Of the three groups of formations that constitute the carboniferous, viz: the sub- carboniferous, coal measures and Permian, only the first two are found in Iowa. Suhcarhoniferous Group. — This group occupies a very large area of surface. Its eastern border passes from the northeast- ern part of Winnebago county, with con- siderable directness in a southeasterly direction to the northern part of Washing- ton county. It then makes a broad and direct bend nearly eastward, striking the Mississippi at Muscatine. The southern and western boundaries are to a consider- able extent the same as that which separates it from the real field. From the southern part of Pocahontas county it passes soulli- east to Fort Dodge, thence to Webster City, thence to a point 3 or 4 miles north- ^V^ 12 ' HISTORY OF IOWA. east of Eldora, in Hardin county, thence southward to the middle of the north line of Jasper county, thence southeastward to Sigourney, in Keokuk county, thence to the northeastern corner of JefEerson county, thence sweeping a few miles eastward to the southeast corner of Van Buren county. Ifs arc is about 250 miles long, and from 20 to 50 miles wide. The Kinderhooh JBedi. — ^The most south- erly exposure of these beds is in Des- Moines county, near the mouth of Skunk river. The most northerly now known is in the eastern part of Pocahontas county, more than 200 miles distant. The princi- pal exposures of this formation are along the bluffs which border the Mississippi and Skunk rivers, where they form the eastern and northern boundary of DesMoines county; along English river, in Washing- ton county; along the Iowa river in Tama, Marshall, Hamlin and Franklin counties, and along the DesMoines river in Hum- boldt county. This formation has consid- erable economic value, particularly in the northern portion of the region it occupies. In Pocahontas and Humboldt counties it is invaluable, as no other stone except a few boulders are found here. At Iowa Falls the lower division is very good for building purposes. In Marshall county all the limestone to be obtained comes from this formation, and the quarries near Le Grand are very valuable. At this point some of the layers are finely veined with peroxide of iron, and are wrought into both useful and ornamental objects. In Tama county the oolitic member is well exposed, where it is manufactured into lime. Upon exposure to atmosphere and frost it crum- bles to pieces; consequently it is not valu- able for building purposes. The remains of fishes are the only fossils yet discovered in this formation that can be referred to the sub-kingdom Vertebrata; and so far as yet recognized, they all be- long to the order Selachians. Of Articu- ticulates, only two species have been recog- nized, both of which belong to the genus Phillipsia. The sub-kingdom MoUusca is also largely represented. The Radiata are represented by a few crinoids, usually found in a very imperfect condition. The sub-kingdom is also represented by corals. The prominent feature in the life of this epoch was moUuscan. It overshadowed all other branches of the animal kingdom. The prevailing classes are: Lamellibranch- iates, in the more arenaceous portions; and Braclircyjods in the more calcareous por- tions. JS'o remains of vegetation have been detected in any of the strata of this formation. The Burlington limestone formation consists of two distinct calcareous divi- sions, separated by a series of siliceous beds; both divisions are crinoidal. The Burlington limestone is carried down by the soutiierly dip of the Iowa rocks, so that it is seen for the last time in the State in the valley of Skunk river, near the south- ern boundary of DesMoines county, which is the most northerly point that it has been found, but it probably exists as far north as Marshall county. Much valuable mate- rial is afforded by this formation for eco- nomic purposes. The upper division furnishes excellent common quarry rock. Geologists are attracted by the great abundance and variety of its fossils — cri- noids — now known to be more than 300. i) "fy a k. ^1^ HISTORY OF IOWA. IS The only remains of vertebrates discov- ered in this formation are those of fishes, and consist of teeth and spines. Bones of bony fish, on Buffington creek, Louisa county, is an exposure so fully charged with these remains that it might with pro- priety be called bone breccia. Bemains of Articulates are rare in this formation; so far as yet discovered, they are confined to two species of trilobites of the genus Phillipsia. Fossil shells are very common. The two lowest classes of the sub-king- dom Radiata are represented in the genera Zaphrentis, Amplexus and Syringaposa, while the highest class, Echinoderms, are fonnd in most extraordinary profusion. The Keoknk limestone formation is to be seen only in four counties — Lee, Van Buren, Henry and DesMoines. In some localities the upper siliceous portion is known as the Geode bed; it is not recog- nizable in the northern portion of the formation, nor in connection with it where it is exposed, about 80 miles below Keo- kuk. The geodes of the Geode bed are more or less masses of silex, usually hol- low and lined with crystals of quartz; the outer crust is rough and unsightly, but the crystals which stud the interior are often very beautiful ; they vary in size from the size of a walnut to a foot in diameter. This formation is of great economic valae. Large quantities of its stone have been used in the finest structures in the State, among which are the postoffices at Dubuque and DesMoines. The principal quarries are along the banks of the Missis- sippi, from Keokuk to Nauvoo. The only vertebrate fossils in the formation are fishes, all belonging to the order Selachians, some of which indicate that their ovfners reached a length of 25 or 30 feet. Of the Articulates, only two species of the genus Phillipsia have been found in this forma- tion. Of the Mollusks no Cephalopods have yet been recognized in this forma- tion in Iowa. ' Gasteropoda are rare; Brachiopods and Polyzoans are quite abundant. Of Radiates, corals of genera Zaphrentis, Amplexus and Aulopora are found, but crinoids are most abundant. Of the low forms of animal life, the proto- zoans, a small fossil related to the sponges, is found in this formation in small num- bers. The St. Louis limestone is the uppermost of the sub-carboniferous group in Iowa. It occupies a small superficial area, consisting of long, narrow strips, yet its extent is very great. It is first seen resting on the geode division of the Keokuk limestone, near Keokuk; proceeding northward, it forms a narrow border along the edge of the coal fields in Lee, DesMoines, Henry, Jefferson, Washington, Keokuk and Ma- haska counties; it is then lost sight of until it appears again in the banks of Boone river, where it again passes out of view under the Coal Measures, until it is next seen in the banks of the DesMoines, near Fort Dodge. As it exists in Iowa, it consists of three tolerably distinct sub- divisions — the magnesian, arenaceous ami calcareous. The upper division furnishes excellent material for quicklime, and when quarries are well opened, as in the north- western part of VanBuren county, large blocks are obtained. The sandstone, or middle division, is of little economic value. The lower, or magnesian division, furnishes a valuable and durable stone, exposures of J^l ^ 14: HISTOET OF IOWA. which are found on Lick creek, in Van Buren county, and on Long creek, seven miles west of Burlington. Of the fossils of this formation, the vertebrates are represented only by the remains of fish, belonging to the two orders, Selachians and Ganoids. The Articulates are represented by one species of the trilobite, genus Phillipsia; and two ostracoid genera, Cythra and Beyricia. The Mollusks distinguished this formation more than any other branch of the animal kingdom. Badiates are exceedingly rare, showing a marked contrast Jjetween this formation and the two preceding it. The Coal Measure Group is properly divided into three formations, viz: the Lower, Middle and Upper Coal Measures; each having a vertical thickness of about two hundred feet. The Lower Coal Measures exists east- ward and northward of the DesMoines river, and also occupy a large area west- ward and southward of that river; but their southerly dip passes below the Middle Coal Measure at no great distance from the river. This formation possesses greater economic value than any other in the whole State. The clay that underlies almost every bed of coal, furnishes a large amount of material for potters' use. The sandstone of these measures is usually soft and unfit for use; but in some places, as in Red Rock, in Marion county, blocks of large dimensions are obtained, which make good building material, samples of which can be seen in the State Arsenal, at Des Moines. But few fossils have been found in any of the strata of the Lower Coal Measures, but such animal remains as have been found are, without exception, of marine origin. All fossil plants found in these measures, probably belong to the class Acrogens. Specimens of Calamites and several species of ferns are found in all the Coal Measures, but the genus Lepidoden- dron seems not to have existed later than the epoch of the Middle Coal Measures. The latter formation occupies a narrow belt of territory in the southern-central portion of the State, embracing a superfi- cial area of about 1,400 square miles The counties underlaid by this formation are, Guthrie, Dallas, Polk, Madison, Warren, Clarke, Lucas, Monroe, Wayne and Appa- noose. Few species of fossils occur in these beds. Some of the shales and sandstone have afforded a few imperfectly preserved land plants, three or four species of ferns, belonging to the genera. Some of the carboniferous shales afford beautiful speci- mens of what appears to have been sea- weed. Radiates are represented by corals. The Mollusks are most numerously repre- sented. Trilobites and ostracoids are the only remains known of Articulates. Ver- tebrates are only known by the remains of Selachians, or sharks and ganoids. The Upper Coal Measures occupy a very large area, comprising thirteen whole counties, in the southwestern part of the State. By its northern and eastern boun- daries it adjoins the area occupied by the Middle Coal Measures. This formation contains a considerable portion of shales and sandstone, but the prominent liiho- logical features are its limestones. Al- though it is known by the name of Upper Coal Measures, it contains but a single bed of coal, and that only about 20 inches in -«7 ^1^ ^! HISTORY OF IOWA. 15 maximnm thickness. The limestone ex- posed in this formation furnishes good building material, as in Madison and Fre- mont counties. The sandstones are quite worthless. No beds of clay, for potters' use, are found in the whole formation. The fossils are more numerous than in either the Middle or Lower Coal Measures. The vertebrates are represented by the fishes of the orders Selachians and Ganoids. The Articulates are represented by the trilobites and ostracoids. Mollusks are represented by the classes Cephalapoda, Gasterapoda, Lamellibranchiata, Brachio- poda and Polyzoa. Radiates are more numerous than in the Middle and Lower Coal Measures, Protozoans are repre- sented in the greatest abundance, some layers of limestone being almost entirely composed of their small fusiform shells. CEETACEOtrS SYSTEM. ■*'*1~ The next strata in the geological series are of the Cretaceous age. They are found in the western half of the State, and do not dip, as do all the other formations upon which they rest, to the southward and westward, but have a general dip of their own to the north of westward, which, however, is very slight. Although the actual exposures of cretaceous rocks are few in Iowa, there is reason to believe that nearly all the western half of the State was originally occupied by them; but they have been jemoved by denudation, which has taken place at two separate periods. The first period was during its elevation from the cretaceous sea, and during the long Tertiary age that passed between the time of that elevation and the commencement of the Glacial epoch. The second period was during the Glacial epoch, when the ice produced their entire removal over consid- erable areas. All the cretaceous rocks in Iowa are a part of the same deposits farther up the Missouri river, and, in reality, form their eastern boundary. The Nishnabotany sandstone has the most easterly and southerly extent of the cretaceous deposits of Iowa, reaching the southeastern part of Guthrie county and the southern part of Monlgomery county. To the northward, it passes beneath the Woodbury sandstones and shales, the latter passing beneath the Inoceranius, or chalky beds. This sandstone is, with few excep- tions, valueless for economic purposi'S. The only fossils found in this formation are a few fragments of angios permous leavesi The strata of Woodbury sand- stones and shales rest upon the Nishnabot- any sandstone, and have not been observed outside of Woodbury county; hence their name. Their principal exposure is at Ser- geant's Bluffs, seven miles below. Sioux City. This rock has no value, except for purposes of common masonry. Fossil re- mains are rare. Detached scales of a lepi- doginoid species have been detected, but no other vertibrate remains of vegetation, leaves of Salix Meekii and Sassfras creta- ceum have been occasionally found. The Inoceramns beds rest upon the Woodbury sandstone and shales. They have not been observed in Iowa except in the bluffs which border the Big Sioux river in Woodbury and Plymouth counties. They are composed almost entirely of cal- careous material, the upper portion of which is extensively used for lime. No building material can be obtained from these beds, and the only value they possess, t ■"■« S) Jv" HISTORY OF IOWA. '!>> except lime, are the marls, which at some time may be useful on the soil of the adja- cent region. The only vertebrate remains found in the cretaceous rocks are the fishes. Those in the Inoceramus beds are two species of squaloid Selachians, or certra- cionts, and three genera of teliosts. Mol- luscan remains are rare. PEAT. Extensive beds of peat exist In Northern Middle Iowa, which, it is estimated, con- tain the following areas: Cerro Gordo county, 1,500 acres; Worth, 2,000; Winne- bago, 2,000; Hancock, 1,500; Wright, 500; Kossuth, VOO; Dickinson, 80. Several con- tain peat beds, but the peat is inferior to that in the northern part of the State. The beds are of an average depth of four feet. It is estimated that each acre of these beds will furnish 250 tons of dry fuel for each foot in depth. At present this peat is not utilized, but, owing to its great distance from the coal fields, and the absence of timber, the time is coming when their value will be fully realized, GVPSUM. The only sulphate of the alkaline earth of any economic value is gypsum, and it may be found in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, in Webster county. The deposit occupies a nearly central position in the county, th e DesMoines river running nearly centrally through it, along the valley sides of which the gypsum is seen in the form of ordinary rock clifE and ledges, and also oc- curring abundantly in similar positions along both ■ sides of the valleys of the smaller streams and of the numerous ravines coming into the river valley. The most northerly known limit of the deposit is at a point near the mouth of Lizaid creek, a tributary of the DesMoines river and almost adjoining the town of Fort Dodge. The most southerly point at which it has been exposed is about six miles, by way of the river, from the northerly point mentioned. The width of the area is un- known, as the gypsum becomes lost be- neath the overlying drift, as one goes up the ravines and minor valleys. On either side of the creeks and ravines which come into the valley of the Des Moines river, the gypsum is seen jutting out from beneath the diift in the form of ledges and bold quarry fronts, having almost the exact appearance of ordinary limestone exposures, so horizontal and reg- ular are its lines of stratification, and so similar in color is it to some varieties of that rock. The principal quarries now opened are on Two-Mile creek, a couple of miles below Fort Dodge. Age of the Gypsum. Deposit. — No trace of fossil remains has been found in the gypsum or associated clays; neither has any other indication of its geologic age been observed except that which is afforded by its stratigraphical relations; the most that can be said with certainty is that it is newer than the coal measures, and older than the drift. The indications afforded by the stratigraphical relations of the gyp- sum deposit of Fort Dodge are, however, of considerable value. No Tertiary de- posits are known to exist within or near the borders of Iowa, to suggest that it might be of that age, nor are any of the FalsBOZoic strata newer than the subcar- bonif erous unconformable upon each other -^; t\^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 11 as the other gypsum is unconformable upon the strata beneath it. It therefore seems, in a measure, conclusive that the gypsum is of Mesozoic age; perhaps older than the cretaceous. The lithological origin of this deposit is as uncertain as its geological age. It seems to present itself in this relation, as in the former one, — an isolated fact. None of the associated strata show any traces of a double decomposition of pre-existing ma- terials, such as some have supposed all de- posits of gypsum to have resulted from. No considerable quantities of oxide of iron nor any trace of native sulphur have been found in connection with it, nor has any salt been found in the waters of the region. These substances are common in associa- tion with other gypsum deposits, and by many are regarded as indicative of the method of or resulting from their origin as such. Throughout the whole region the Fort Dodge gypsum has the exact appear- ance of a sedimentary deposit. From these facts it seems not unreasonable to en- tertain the opinion that this gypsum origin- ated as a chemical precipitation in com- paratively still waters which were satu- rated with sulphate of lime and destitute of life; its stratification and impurities being deposited at the same time as clayey impurities which had been suspended in the same waters. Physical Properties. — Much has already been said of the physical character of this gypsum; but as it is so different in some respects from other deposits, there are still other matters worthy of mention in con- nection with those. According to the re- sults of a complete analysis of Prof.Emery, the ordinary gray gypsum contains only about eight per cent, of impurity, and it is possible that the average impurity for the whole deposit will not exceed that pro- portion, so uniform in quality is it from top to bottom and from one end of the region to the other. As plaster for agri- cultural purposes is sometimes prepared from gypsum that contains thirty per cent, of impurity, it will be seen that this. is a very superior article for such purposes. The impurities are of such a character that they do not in any way interfere with its value for use in the arts. Although the gypsum rock has a gray color, it becomes quite white by grinding, and still whiter by the calcimining process necessary in the preparation of plaster of Paris. These tests have all been practi- cally made in the rooms of the Geological Survey, and the quality of the plaster of Paris still further tested by actual use and experiment. The only use yet made of the gypsum by the inahabitants is for the purposes of ordinary building stone. It is so compact it is found to be comparatively unaffected by frost, and its ordinary situa- tion in walls of houses is such that it is protected from the dissolving action of water, which can, at most, reach it only from occasional rains, and the effect of these is too slight to be perceived after the lapse of several years. Hon. John F. Duncombe, of Fort Dodge, built a fine residence of it in 1861, the walls of Which appear as unaffected by exposure and as beautiful as they were when first erected. Several other houses in Fort Dodge have been constructed of it, including the depot buildings of the Dubuque and Sioux City Railroad. Many of the sidewalks in the )V liL V8 niSTORY OF IOWA. town are made of the slabs or flags of gyp- Bum ■which occur in some of the quarries in the form of thin layers. MINOB DEPOSITS OP STTLPHATB OF LIMB. Sulphate of lime in the various forms of fibrous gypsum, selenite and small amorphous masses, has also been discov- ered in various formations in different parts of the State, including the Coal Measure shales near Fort Dodge, where it exists in small quantities, quite independ- ently of the great gypsum deposit there. The quantity of gypsum in these minor deposits is always too small to be of any practical value, usually occurring in shales and shaly clays. Associated with strata that contain more or less snlphuret of iron, gypsum has thus been detected in the Coal Measures, the St. Louis lime- stone, the Cretaceons strata, and also in the Dead Caves of Dubuque. SULPHATE OF STEOKITA. This mineral is found at Fort Dodge, which is, perhaps, the only place in Iowa or in the valley of the Mississippi where it has as yet been discovered. There, it occurs in very small quantities in both the shales of the Lower Coal Measures and in the clays that overlie the gypsum deposit, and which is regarded as of the same age wilh it. The mineral is fibrous and crys- talline, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of the layer; it resembles, in physical character, the layer of fibro-crys- talline gypsum, before mentioned. Its color is of light blue, is transparent, and shows crystalline facets upon both the upper and under surfaces of the layer, of the upper surface being smaller and more numerous. The layer is probably not more than a rod in extent in any direction, and about three inches in maximum thick- ness. Apparent lines of stratification occur in it, correspondin<)j with those of the shales which imbed it. The other deposit was still smaller in amount, and occurred as a mass of crystals imbedded in the clays that overlie the gypsum at Cummins' quarry, in the valley of Sol- diers' creek, upon the north side of the town. The mineral in this clay is nearly colorless, and somewhat resembles masses of impure salt. The crystals are so closely aggregated that they enclose but little im- purity in the mass, but in almost all other cases their fundamental forms are ob- sured. This mineral has almost no prac- tical value, and is only interesting as a mineralogical fact. *' BULPHATB OF BAETTA. In Iowa this mineral has been found only in minute quantities. It has been de- tected in the Coal Measuie shales of De- catur, Madison and Marion counties, Devonian limestone of Johnson and Bre- mer counties, and, also, in the lead caves of Dubuque. It is in the form of crystals or small crystalline masses. BULPHATB OF MAGNESIA. Epsomite, or native Epsom salts, having been discovered near Burlington, all the sulphates of alkaline earths of natural origin have been ■recognized in Iowa; all except the sulphate of lime being in very small quantity. The Epsomite mentioned w' ri -WST-W^rrff^ >rv* VM! :A HISTORY OF IOWA. 79 was found beneath the overhanging clifE of Burlington limestone near Starr's Mill. It occurs in the form of eflorescent encrusta- tions upon the surface of stones, and in similar small fragile masses among the pine debris that has fallen down beneath the overhanging clifE. The projection of the cliff over the perpendicular face of the strata beneath, amounts to near 20 feet at the point where Epsomite was found. The rock upon which it accumulates is an im- pure limestone, containing also some car- bonate of magnesia, together with a small proportion of iron pyrites, in a finely divided condition. By experiments with this native salt in the office of the Survey, a fine article of Epsom salts was produced, but the quantity obtained there is very small, and would be of no practical value on account of the cheapness in the market. CLIMATB. The greatest objection to the climate of this State is the prevalence of wind, which is somewhat greater than in the States south and east, but not so great as it is west. The air is pure and generally bra- cing, — the northern part particularly so during the winter. The prevailing direc- tion of the wind during the whole year is easterly. Correspondingly, thunder-storms are somewhat more violent in this State than east or south, bat not near so much so as toward the mountains. As elsewhere in the Northwestern States, easterly winds bring rain and snow, while westerly ones clear the sky. While the highest temper- ature occurs here in August, the month of July averages the hottest, and January the coldest. The mean temperature of April and October nearly corresponds to 'the mean temperature *of the year, as well as to the seasons of spring and fall, while that of summer and winter is best represented by August and December. Indian summer is delightful and well prolonged. Untimely frosts sometimes occur, but seldom severely enough to do great injury. The wheat crop being a staple product of the State, and is not injured at all by frost, this great resource of the State continues intact. TOPOGEAPHT. All the knowledge we have at present of the topography of the State of Iowa is that derived from incidental observations of geological corps, from the surveys made by railroad engineers, and from barometri- cal observations made by authority of the Federal Government. No complete topo- graphical survey has yet been made, but this will doubtless be attended to in a few years. The State lies wholly within, and com- prises a part of, a vast plain, and there is no mountainous or even hilly country within its borders; for the highest point is but 1,200 feet above the lowest point; these two points are nearly 30O miles apart, and the whole State is traversed by gently flowing rivers. A clearer idea of the great uniformity of the surface of the State may be obtained from a statement of the gen- eral slopes in feet per mile, from point to point, in straight lines across it. Per Mile. From N. E. corner to S. E. cor- ner of State 1 ft. 1 in. From N. E. corner to Spirit Lake, 5 ft. 5 in. From N. W. corner to SpiritLake, 5 ft. From N.W. corner to S.W. cor- ner of the State 2 ft. •^ fi ■^ ^ 80 HISTORY OF IOWA. , Per Mile. From S. W. corner to highest ridge between the two great rivers (in Ringgold county) . . 4 ft. 1 in. From the highest point in the Slate (near Spirit Lake) to the lowest point in the State (at the mouth of DesMoines river) 4 ft. We thus find that there is good degree of propriety in regarding the whole State as belonging to a great plain, the lowest point of which within its border, the south- eastern corner of the State, is only 444 feet above the level of the sea. The aver- age height of the whole State above the level of the sea is not far from 800 feet, although it is a thousand miles from the nearest ocean. These remarks are, of course, to be un- derstood as applying to the State as a whole. On examining its surface in detail, we find a great diversity of surface by the formation of valleys out of the general level, which have been evolved by the actions of streams during the unnumbered years of the terrace epoch. These river valleys are deepest in the northwestern part of the State, and consequently it is there that the country has the greatest di- versity of surface, and its physical features are most strongly marked. The greater part of Iowa was formerly one vast prairie. It has, indeed, been estimated that seven-eighths of the surface of the State was prairie when first settled. By prairie it must not be inferred that a level surface is meant, for they are found, in hilly countries as well. Nor are they confined to any particular variety of soil, for they rest upon all formations, from those of the Azotic to those of the Creta- ceous age, inclusive. Whatever may have been their origin, their present existence in Iowa is not due to the influence of cli- mate, of the soil, or of any of the under- lying formations. The real cause is the prevalence of the annual fires. If these had been prevented fifty years ago, Iowa would now be a timbered country. The encroachment of forest trees upon prairie farms as soon as the bordering wood- land is protected from the annual prairie fires, is well known to farmers throughout the State. The soil of Iowa is Justly famous for its fertility, and there is prob- ably no equal area of the earth's surface that contains so little un tillable land, or whose soil has so high an average of fer- tility. Ninety-five per cent, of its surface is capable of a high state of cultivation. LAKES AND STBEAUS. Lalces. — The lakes of Iowa may be prop- erly divided into two distinct classes. The first may be called drift lakes, having had their origin in the depressions left in the surface of the drift at the close of the gla- cial epoch, and have rested upon the undis- turbed surface of the drift deposit ever since the glaciers disappeared. The others may be properly termed fluviatile or allu- vial lakes, because they have had their origin by the action of rivers while cut- ting their own valleys out from the surface of the drift as it existed at the close of the glacial epoch, and are now found resting upon the alluvium. By "alluvium" is meant the deposit which has accumulated in the valleys of rivers by the action of their own currents. It is largely composed of sand and other coarse material, and ^1^ .J S)|v>> HISTORY OF IOWA. 81 upon that deposit are some of the best productive soils in the State. It is this deposit which forms the flood plains and deltas of our rivers, as well as the terraces of their valleys. The regions to which the drift lakes are principally confined are near the head waters of the principal streams of the State. They are consequently found in those regions which lie between the Cedar and DesMoines rivers, and the Des Moines and Little Sioux. No drift lakes are found in Southern Iowa. The largest of the lakes to be found in the State are Spirit and Okoboji, in Dickinson county, Clear Lake in Cerro Gordo county, and Storm Lake in Buena Vista county. Spirit Lake. — The width and length of this lake are about equal, and it contains about 12 square miles of surface, its north- ern border resting directly on the boun- dary of the State. It lies almost directly upon the great water-shed. Its shores are mostly gravelly, and the country about it fertile. Okoboji Lake. — This body of water lies directly south of Spirit Lake, and has somewhat the shape of a horse-shoe, with its eastern projection within a few rods of Spirit Lake, where it receives the out- let of the latter. Okoboji Lake extends about five miles southward from Spirit Lake, thence about the same distance westward, and it then bends northward about as far as the eastern projection. The eastern portion is narrow, but the western is larger, and in some places 100 feet deep. The surroundings of this and Spirit Lake are very pleasant; fish are abundant in them, and they are the re- sort of myriads of water-fowl. Cleae Lake. — This lake is situated upon the water-shed between the Iowa and Cedar rivers. It is about 5 miles long, 2 or 3 miles wide, and has a maximum depth of only 15 feet. Its shores and the country around are like that of Spirit Lake. Stoem Lake. — This lake rests upon the great water-shed in Buena Vista county. It is a clear, beautiful sheet of water, con- taining a surface area of between 4 and 5 square miles. The outlets of all these drift lakes are dry during a portion of the year, except Okoboji. Wallki) Lakes. — Along the water-sheds of Northern Iowa great numbers of small lakes exist, varying from half a mile to a mile in diameter. One of the lakes in Wright county, and another in Sac, have each received the name of "Walled Lake,'' on account of the embankments on, their borders, which are supposed to be the work of ancient inhabitants. These embank- ments are from 2 to 10 feet in height, and from 5 to 30 feet across. They are the result of natural causes alone, being refer- able to the periodic action of ice, aided to some extent by the action of the waves. These lakes are very shallow, and in win- ter freeze to the bottom, so that but little unfrozen water remains in the middle. The ice freezes fast to everything on the bot- tom, and the expansive power of the water in freezing acts in all directions from the center to the circumference, and whatever was on the bottom of the lake Las been thus carried to the shore. This has been going on from year to year, from century to century, forming the embankments which have caused so much wonder. 82 HISTOEY OF IOWA. Springs issue from all the geological formations, and form the sides of almost every valley, but they are more numerous, and assume proportions which give rise to the name of sink-holes, along the upland borders of the Upper Iowa river, owing to the peculiar fissued and laminated charac- ter and great thickness of the strata of the age of the Trenton limestone which under- lies the whole region of the valley of that stream. No mineral springs, properly so- called, have yet been discovered in Iowa, though the water of several artesian wells is frequently found charged with soluable mineral substances. Hivers. — The two great rivers, the Mis- sissipi and Missouri, from the eastern and the western boundaries, respectively, of the State, receive tile eastern and western drainage of it. The Mississippi with its tributaries in Eastern Iowa drain two- thirds of the State, and the Missouri with its tributaries drain the western third. The great water-shed which divides these two systems is a land running southward from a point on the northern boundary line of the State, near Spirit Lake, in Dickinson county, to a nearly central point in the northern part of Adair county. From the last named point this highest ridge of land between the two great rivers continues southward, without change of character, through Ringgold county, into the State of Missouri; but it is no longer the great water-shed. From that point another ridge bears off southward, through the counties of Madison, Clarke, Lucas and Appanoose, which is now the water-shed. All streams that rise in Iowa occupy, at first, only slight depressions of the laud, and are scarcely perceptible. These uniting into larger streams, though still flowing over drift and bluff deposits, reach consid- erable depth into these deposits;- in some cases to a depth of nearly 200 feet from the general prairie level. The greater part of the streams in West- ern Iowa run either along the whole or a part of their course, upon that peculiar deposit known as bluff deposit. The banks even of the small streams are often five to ten feet in height and quite perpen- dicular, so that they render the streams almost everywhere unfordable, and a great impediment to travel across the open country where there are no bridges. This deposit is of a slightly yellowish ash color, except when darkened by decay- ing vegetation, very fine and silioious, but not sandy, not very cohesive, and not at all plastic. It forms excellent soil, and does not bake or crack in drying, except limy concretions, which are generally dis- tributed throughout the mass, in shape and size resembling pebbles; but not a stone or a pebble can be found in the whole deposit. It was called "silicious marl" by Dr. Owen, in his geological re- port to the Government, and he attributes its origin to an accumulation of sediment in an ancient lake, which was afterward drained, and th^ sediment became dry land. Prof. Swallow gives it the name of "bluff," which is here adopted; but the term, "la- custrine" would have been more appro- priate. The peculiar properties of this deposit are that it will stand securely with a precipitous front 200 feet high, and yet is easily excavated with a spade. Wells dug in it require only to be walled to a point just above the water-line. Yet, com- >r^ ^ s A HISTORY OF IOWA. 83 pact as it is, it is very porous, so that water -which falls on it does not remain at the surface, but percolates through it; neither does it accumulate within it at any point, as it does upon and within the drift and the stratified formations. The thickest deposit yet known in Iowa is in Fremont county, where it reaches 200 feet. It is fouhd throughout a region more than 200 miles in length, and nearly 100 miles in width, and through which the Missouri runs almost centrally. This fine sediment is the same which the Missouri once deposited in a broad depression in the surface of the drift that formed a lake-like expansion of that river in the earliest period of the history of its valley. The extent of the deposit shows this lake to have been 100 miles wide and more than twice as long. The water of the river was muddy then as now, and the broad lake became filled with the sediment which the river brought down. After the lake became filled with the sediment, the valley below became deepened by the con- stant erosive action of the waters, to a depth sufficient to have drained the lake of its first waters; but the only effect then was to cause it to cut its valley out of the deposits its own muddy waters had formed. Thus along the valley of that river, so far as it forms the western boundary of lovra, the bluffs which border it are composed of that sediment known as bluff deposit, forming a distinct border along the broad, level flood plain, the width of which varies from five to fifteen miles, while the orig- inal sedimentary deposit stretches far in- land. Chariton and Cfrand rivers rise and run for twenty-five miles of their course upon the drift deposits alone. The first strata that are exposed by the deepening valleys of both these streams belong to the Upper Coal Measures, and they both continue upon the same formation until they make their exit from the State, (the former in Appanoose county, the latter in Ringgold county,) near the boundary of which they passed nearly or quite through the whole of that formation to the Middle Coal Measures. Their valleys deepen gradually, and 15 or 20 miles from the river they are nearly 150 feet below the gen- eral level of the adjacent highland. When the rivers have cut their valleys down through the series of limestone strata, they reach those of a clayey composition. Upon these they widen their valleys, and make broad flood plains or " bottoms," the soil of which is stiff and clayey, except where modified by sandy washings. These streams are prairie streams in their upper branches and tributaries, but flow through woodland farther down. The proportion of lime in the drift of Iowa is so great that the water of all the wells and springs is too " hard " for washing purposes, and the same substance is so prevalent in the drift clays that they are always found to have sufficient flux when used for the manufac- ture of brick. Platte river belongs mainly to Missouri. Its upper branches pass through Ringgold county. Here the drift deposit reaches its maximum thickness on an east and west line across the State, and the valleys are eroded in some instances to a depth of 200 feet, apparently, through this deposit alone. The term " drift deposit " applies to the soil and sub-soil of the greater part :\. -J 2' J^ 84 HISTORY OP IOWA. of the State, and in it alone many wells are dug and our forests take root. It rests upon the stratified rocks. It is composed of clay, sand, gravel and boulders, promis- cuously intermixed without stratification, varying in character in different parts of the State. One Hundred and Two river is repre- sented in Taylor county, the valleys of which have the same general character of those just described. The country around and between the east and west forks of this stream is almost entirely prairie. Nodaway river is represented by east, middle and west branches. The two for- mer rise in Adair county, the latter in Cass county. These rivers and valleys are fine examples of the small rivers and valleys of Southern Iowa, They have the general character of drift valleys, and with beautiful undulating and sloping sides. The Nodaway drains one of the finest agricultural regions in the State, the soil of which is tillable almost to their very banks. The banks and the adjacent nar- row flood-plains are almost everywhere composed of a rich, deep, dark loam. Nishndbotany river is represented by east and west branches, the former having its source in Anderson county, the latter in Shelby county. Both these branches, from their source to their confluence, and also the main stream from there to the point where it enters the great flood-plain of the Missouri, run through a region, the surface of which is occupied by the bluff deposit. The West Nishnabotany is probably without any valuable mill-sites. In the western part of Cass county, the East Nishnabotany loses its identity by becom- ing abruptly divided up into five or six different creeks. A few good mill-sites occur here on this stream. None, how- ever, that are thought reliable, exist on either of these rivers, or on the main stream below the confluence, except, per- haps, one or two in Montgomery county. The valleys of the two branches, and the intervening upland, possess remarkable fertility. Boyer river, until it enters the flood- plain of the Missouri, runs almost, if not quite, its entire course through the region occupied by the bluff deposit, and has cut its valley entirely through it along most of its passage. The only rocks exposed are the upper coal measures, near Reed's mill, in Harrison county. The exposures are slight, and are the most northerly now known in Iowa. The valley of this river has usually gently sloping sides, and an in- distinctly defined fiood-plain. Along the lower half of its course the adjacent up- land presents a surface of the billowy character, peculiar to the bluff deposit. The source of this river is in Sac county. Soldier river. — The east and middle branches of this stream have their source in Crawford countyj and the west branch in Ida county. The whole course of this river is through the bluff deposit. It has no exposure of strata along its course. JOittle Sioicx river. — Under this head are included both the main and west branches of that stream, together with the Maple, which is one of its branches. The west branch and the Maple are so similar to the Soldier river that they need no sep- arate description. The main stream has ^^ t, "fy ■'-• - - '«■ ^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 85 its boundary near the northern boundary of the State, and runs most of its course upon drift deposit alone, entering the region of the bluff deposit in the southern part of Cherokee county. The two prin- cipal upper branches near their source in Dickinson and Osceola counties are small prairie creeks within distinct valleys. On entering Clay county the valley deepens, and at their confluence has a depth of 200 feet. Just as the valley enters Cherokee county it turns to the southward, and be- comes much widened, with its sides gently sloping to the uplands. When the valley enters the region of the bluff deposit, it assumes the billowy appearance. No ex- posures of strata of any kind have been found in the valley of the Little Sioux or any of its branches. Floyd river. — This fiver rises upon the drift in O'Brien county, and flowing south- ward enters the region of the bluff deposit a little north of the centre of Plymouth county. Almost from its source to its mouth it is a prairie stream, with slightly sloping valley sides, which blend gradually with the uplands. A single slight exposure of sandstone of cretaceous age occurs in the valley near Sioux City, and which ds the only known exposure of rock of any kind along its whole length. Near this exposure is a mill-site, but farther up the stream it is not valuable for such purposes. JRocJc river. — This stream passes through Lyon and Sioux counties. It was, evi- dently, so named from the fact that con- siderable exposures of the red Sioux quartzite occur along the main branches of the stream in Minnesota, a few miles north of the State boundary. Within the State the main stream and its branches are drift streams and strata are exposed. The beds and banks of the streams are usually sandy and gravelly, with occasionally boulders intermixed. Big Sioux Hiver. — The valley of this river, from the northwest corner of the State to its mouth, possesses much the same character as all the streams of the surface deposits. At Sioux Falls, a few miles above the northwest corner of the State, the streams meet with remarkable obstructions from the presence of Sioux quartzite, which outcrops directly across the stream, and causes a fall of about 60 feet within a distance of half a mile, pro- ducing a series of cascades. For the first 25 miles above its mouth, the valley is very broad, with a broad, flat flood-plain, with gentle slopes, occasionally showing indistinctly defined terraces. These ter- races and valley bottoms constitute some of the finest agricultural land of the re- gion. Oa the Iowa side of the valley the upland presents abrupt bluffs, steep as the materials of which they are composed will stand, and from ] 00 to nearly 200 feet high above the stream. At rare intervals, about 15 miles from its mouth, the creta- ceous strata are exposed in the face of the bluffs of the Iowa side. No other strata are exposed along that part of the valley which borders our State, with the single exception of Sioux quartzite at its extreme northwestern corner. Some good mill- sites may be secured along that portion of this river which borders Lyon county, but below this the fall will probably be found insufficient and the locations for dams in- secure. ^ a > \ -fe^ 83 mSTOET OF IOWA. Missouri JSiver, — This is one of the muddiest streams on the globe, and its waters are known to be ' very turbid far toward its source. The chief peculiarity of this river is its broad flood-plains, and its adjacent bluff deposits. Much the greater part of the flood-plain of this river is upon the Iowa side, and continues from the south boundary line of the State to Sioux City, a distance of more than 100 miles in length, varying from three to five miles in width. This alluvial plain is esti- mated to contain more than half a million of acres of land withifl the State, upward of 400,000 of which are now tillable. The rivers of the eastern system of drainage have quite a different character from those, of the western system. . They are larger, longer and have their valleys modified to a much greater extent by the underlying strata. For the latter reason, water-power is much more abundant upon them than upon the streams of the western system. DesMoines Miver. — ^This river has its source in Minnesota, but it enters Iowa before it has attained any size, and flows almost centrally through it from northwest to southeast, emptying into the Mississippi at-the extreme southeastern corner of the State. It drains a greater area than any river within the State. The upper portion .of it is divided into two branches, known as the east and west forks. These unite in Humboldt county. The valleys of these branches above their confluence are drift valleys, except a few small exposures of subcarbouiferous limestone about five miles above their confluence. These ex- posures produce several small mill-sites. The valleys vary from a few hundred yards to half mile in width, and are the finest agricultural lands. In the northern part of Webster county the character of the main valley is modified by the presence of ledges and low cliffs of the subcarbonifer- ous limestone and gypsum. From a point- a little below Fort Dodge to near Amster- dam, in Marion county, the river runs all the way through and upon the lower Coal ■Measure strata. Along this part of the course the flood-plain varies from an eighth to a mile or more in width. From Amsterdam to Ottumwa the subcarbouifer- ous rocks pass beneath the river again, bringing down the Coal Measure strata into its bed; they rise from it in the ex- treme northwestern part of VanBuren county, and subcarboniferous strata re- sume and keep their place along the valley to the north of the river. From Fort Dodge to the northern part of Lee county the strata of the Lower Coal Measures are present in the valley. Its flood-plain is frequently sandy from the debris of the sandstone and sandy shales of the Coal Measures produced by their removal in the process of the forma- tion of *he valley. The principal tributaries of the Des Moines are upon the western side. These are the Raccoon and the three rivers, viz: South, Middle and North rivers. The three latter have their sources in the re- gion occupied by the Upper Coal Measure limestone formation, flow eastward over the Middle Coal Measures, and enter the valley of the DesMoines upon the Lower Coal Measures. These streams, especially South and Middle rivers, are frequently bordered by high, rocky cliffs. Raccoon iht^ HISTORY OP IOWA. 87 river has its source upon the heavy surface deposits of the middle region of Western Iowa, and along the greater part of its course it has excavated its valley out of those deposits and the Middle Coal Measure alone. The valley of the Des Moines and its branches are destined to become the seat of extensive mannfao- turies, in consequence of the numerous mill-sites of immense power, and the fact that the main valley traverses the entire length of the Iowa coal fields. SlcunJc river. — This has its source in Hamilton county, and runs almost its en- tire course upon the border of the outcrop of the Lower Coal Measures, or, more prop- erly speaking, upon the subcarboniferous limestone, just where it begins to pass be- neath the Coal Measures by its southerly and westerly dip. Its general course is southeast. From the western part of Henry county, up as far as Story county, the broad, flat flood-plain is covered with a rich, deep clay soil, which, in time of long- continued rains and overflows of the river, has made the valley of Skunk river a ter- ror to travelers from the earliest settlement of the country. There are some excellent mill-sites on the lower half of this river, but they are not so numerous or valuable as on other rivers of the eastern system. Iowa river. — This river rises in Han- cock county, in the midst of a broad, slightly undulating drift region. The first rock exposure is that of subcarboniferous limestone, in the southwestern corner of Franklin county. It enters the region of the Devonian strata near the southwestern corner of Benton county, and in this it continues to its confluence with the Cedar in Louisa county. Below the junction with the Cedar, and for some miles above that point, its valley is broad, and especi- ally on the northern side, with a well- marked flood-plain. Its borders gradually blend with the uplands as they slope away in the distance from the river. The 'Iowa furnishes numerous and valuable mill-sites. Cedar river. — ^This stream is usually understood to be a branch of the Iowa, but it ought, really, to be regarded as the main stream. It rises by numerous branches in the northern part of the State, and flows the entire length of the State, through the region occupied by the Devonian strata and along the trend occupied by that formation. The valley of this river, in the upper part of its course, is narrow, and the sides slope so gently as to scarcely show where the lowlands end and the uplands begin. Be- low the confluence with the Shell Rock, the flood-plain is more distinctly marked, and the valley broad and shallow. The valley of the Cedar is one of the finest re- gions in the State, and both the main stream and its branches afEord abundant and reliable mill-sites. Wapsipinnicon river. — This river has its source near the source of the Cedar, and runs parallel and near it almost its en- tire course, the upper half upon the same formation — the Devonian. In the north- eastern part of Linn county it enters the region of the Niagara limestone, upon which it continues to the Mississippi. It is 100 miles long, and yet the area of its drainage is only from 12 to 20 miles in width. Hence, its numerous mill-sites are unusually secure. ^1^ >\ d^ 88 HISTOET OF IOWA. Turkey river — This river and the Upper Iowa are, in many respects, unlike other Iowa rivers. The difference is dae to the great depth to which they have eroded their valleys and the different character of the material through which they have worked. Turkey river rises in Howard county, and in Winneshiek county, a few miles from its source, its valley has attained a depth of more than 200 feet, and in Fay- ette and Clayton counties its depth is in- creased to 300 and 400 feet. The summit of the uplands, bordering nearly the whole length of the valley, is capped by the Ma- quoketa shales. These shales are under- laid by the Galena limestone, between 200 and 300 feet thick. The valley has been eroded through these, and runs upon the Trenton limestone. Thus all the forma- tions along and within this valley are Lower Silurian. The valley is usually narrow, and without a well-marked flood-plain. Water-power is abundant, but in most places inaccessible. Tipper Iowa river. — ^This river rises in Minnesota, just beyond the northern boun- dary line, and enters our State in Howard county before it has attained any consider- able size. Its course is nearly eastward until it reaches the Mississippi. It rises in the region of the Devonian rocks, and flows across the outcrops, respectively, of the Niagara, Galena and Trenton lime- stone, the lower magnesian limestone, and Potsdam sandstone, into and through all of which, except the last, it has cut its val- ley, which is the deepest of any in Iowa. The valley sides are almost everywhere high and steep, and cliffs of lower magne- sian and Trenton limestone give them a wild and rugged aspect. In the lower part of the valley the flood-plain reaches a width sufficient for the location of small farms, but usually it is too narrow for such purposes. On the higher surface, however, as soon as you leave the valley you eome immediately upon a cultivated country. This stream has the greatest slope per mile of any in Iowa, and consequently it fur- nishes immense water-power. In some places where creeks come into it, the valley widens and affords good locations for farms. The town of Decorah, in Winne- shiek county, is located in one of these spots, which makes it a lovely location; and the power of the river and the small spring streams around it offer fine facilities for manufacturing. This river and its tributaries are the only trout streams in Iowa. Mississippi river. — ^This river may be described, in general terms, as a broad canal cut out of the general level of the country through which the river flows. It is bordered by abrupt hills or bluffs. The bottom of the valley ranges from one to eight miles in width. The whole space between the bluffs is occupied by the river and its bottom, or flood-plain only, if we except the occasional terraces or remains of ancient flood-plains, which are not now reached by the highest floods of the river. The river itself is from half a mile to nearly a mile in width. There are but four points along the whole length of the State where the bluffs approach the stream on both sides. The Lower Silurian formations compose the bluffs in the northern part of the State, but they gradually disappear by a southerly dip, and the bluffs are con- ^Fj T. fc. HISTORY OF IOWA. 89 tinned successively by the Upper Silurian, Deyonian and Subcarboniferous rocks which are reached near the southeastern corner of the State. Considered in their relation to the pres- ent general surface of the State, the rela- tive ages of the river valley of Iowa date back only to the close of the glacial epoch; but that the Mississippi and all the rivers of Northeastern Iowa, if no others, had at least a large part of the rocky portions of. their valleys eroded by pre-glacial, or, per- haps, by palsBogoio rivers, can scarcely be doubted. CHAPTER VIIL IOWA AITD THB BEBBLUOITc- By her record in the war of the rebellion Iowa proved herself a truly loyal State. The Presidential campaign of 1860 was an exciting one, and tlie fact that civil war might be inaugurated in case Abraham Lincoln was elected, was well understood and duly considered. The people of Iowa indulged in no hatred or ill-will toward any section of the country, but were deter- mined to hold such opinions upon questions of public interests, and vote for such men as to them seemed for the general good, uninfluenced by any threat of violence or civil war. The General Assembly of the State of Iowa, as early as 1851, had by joint resolu* tion declared that the State of Iowa was "bound to maintain the union of these States by all the means in her power." The same year the State furnished a block of marble for the Washington Monument at the national capitol, and by order of the General Assembly there was inscribed upon its enduring surface the following: "Iowa — Her affections, like the rivers of her borders, 'flow to an inseparable Union." The time was now approaching in her his- tory when these declarations of attachment and fidelity to the nation were to be put to a practical test. Certainly the people of no State in the nation could be more vitally interested in the question of our national unity than the people of Iowa. The older States of the Union, both North and South, were repre- sented in its population. lowans were nearly all immigrants, bound to those older communities by the most sacred ties of blood, and most endearing recollections of early days. In addition to these consider- -^ 90 HISTORY OF IOWA. ations of a personal character, there were others of the gravest political importance. Iowa's geographical position as a State made the dismemberment of the Union a matter of serious concern. The Missis- sippi had been for years its highway to the markets of the world.- The people could not entertain the thought that its navigation should pass under the control of a foreign government. But more than this was to be feared the consequence of introducing and recognizing in our national system the principal of secession or disin- tegration. If this should be recognized as a right, what security had the States of the interior against their entire isolation from the com- merce of the world, by the future secession of the Atlantic and Pacific States? And the fact also remained, that secession or separation removed hone of the causes of war. Whatever there was in the peculiar institution that created differences of sen- timent or feeling, or caused irritation, still existed after the separation, with no court • or constitution as the arbiter of rights, and with the one resort, only, of the sword to settle differences. In secession and its logical and necessary results, we saw nothing but dire confusion and anarchy, and the utter destruction of that nation- ality through which alone we felt that our civil liberties as a people could be pre- served, and the hopes of our civilization prepetuated. The declaration of Mr. Buchanan's last annual message, that the nation posssesed no constitutional power to coerce a seced- ing State, was received by the great majority of our citizens with humiliation and distrust. Anxiously they awaited the expiring .hours of his administration, and looked to the incoming President as to an expected deliverer that should rescue the nation from the hands of traitors, and the control of those whose non-resistance in- «fi^ her destruction. The firing upon the national flag at Sumter aroused a burning indignation throughout the loyal States of the Republic, and nowhere was it more intense than in Iowa. And when the proclamation of the President was pub- lished, April 15, 1861, calling for 75,000 citizen soldiers to "maintain the honor, the integrity, and the existence of our national Union, and the perpetuity of pop- ular government," they were more than willing to respond to the call. Party lines gave way, and for a while, at least, party spirit was hushed, and the cause of our common country was supreme in the affec- tions of the people. Peculiarly fortunate were the people of Iowa at this crisis, in having a truly representative man as ex- ecutive of the State. Thoroughly honest and thoroughly earnest, wholly imbued with the enthusiasm of the hour, fully aroused to the importance of the crises, and the ms^nitude of the struggle upon which ^'were entering, with an indomit- able ViU under the control of a strong common sense, Samuel J. Kirkwood, was,- indeed, a worthy chief to organize and direct the energies of the people. Within thirty days after the date of the President's call for troops, the First Iowa Regiment W8fs mustered into the service of the United States, a second regiment was in camp ready for the service, and the Gen- eral Assembly of the State was convened in special session, and had by joint resolu- r L HISTOKT OF IOWA. 91 tion solemnly pledged every resource of men and money to the national cause. 'So urgent were the offers of companies, that the Governor conditionally accepted enough additional companies to compose two additional regiments. These were soon accepted by the Secretary of War. Near the close of May, the Adjutant Gen- eral of the State reported that 1 VO compa- nies had been tendered the Governor to serve against the enemies of the Union. The question was eagerly asked, " Which of us will be allowed to go? " It seemed as if Iowa was monopolizing the honors of the period, and would send the larger part of the 75,000 wanted from the whole North. There were much difficulty and consid- erable delay experienced in fitting the first three regiments for the field. For the First Infantry a complete outfit (not uni- form) of clothing was extemporized, prin- cipally by the volunteered labor of loyal women in the different towns — from mate- rial of various colors and qualities, ob- tained within the limits of the State. The same was done in part for the Second Infantry. Meantime, an extra session of the General Assembly had been called by the Governor, to convene on the 15th of May. With but little delay, that body authorized a loan of $800,000, to meet the extraordinary expenses incurred, and to be incurred, by the Executive Department, in consequence of the new emergency. A wealthy merchant of the State (ex-Gov. Merrell, then a resident of McGregor) immediately took from the Governor a contract to supply a complete outfit of clothing for three regiments organized, agreeing to receive, should the Governor so elect, his pay therefor in the State bonds at par. This contract he executed to the letter, and a portion of the clothing (which was manufactured in Boston, at his order) was delivered at Keokuk, the place at which the troops had rendezvoused, in ex- actly one month from the day in which the contract had been entered into. The re- mainder arrived only a few days later. This clothing was delivered to the soldiers, but was subsequently condemned by the Gov- ernment, for the reason that its color was gray, and blue had been adopted as the color to be worn by the National troops. Other States had also clothed their troops, sent forward under the first call of Presi- dent Lincoln, with gray uniforms, but it was soon found that the Confederate forces were also clothed in gray, and that color was at once abandoned by the Union troops. If both armies were clothed alike, annoying, if not fatal, mistakes were liable to be made. While engaged in these efforts to dis- charge her whole duty in common with all the other Union-loving States in the great emergency, Iowa was compelled to make immediate and ample provision for the protection of her own borders from threat- ened invasions on the south by the seces- sionists of Missouri, and from danger of incursions from the west and northwest by bands of hostile Indians, who were freed from the usual restraint imposed upon them by the presence of regular troops stationed at the frontier posts. These troops were withdrawn to meet the greater and more pressing danger threatening the life of the Nation at its very heart. The Governor of the State, in order to provide for the adequate defense of Iowa's ;^ k. 92 HISTORY OF IOWA. borders from the ravages of both rebels in arms against the Government and of the more irresistible foes from the "Western plains, was authorized to raise and equip two regiments of infantry, a squadron of cavalry (not less than five companies) and a battalion of artillery (not less than three companies). Only cavalry were enlisted for home defense, however, but in times of special ganger, or when calls were made by the Unionists of Northern Missouri for assistance against their disloyal enemies, large numbers of militia on foot often turned out, and remained in the field until the necessity for their services had passed. June 13th, Gen. Lyon, then command- ing the United States forces in Missouri, issued the first order for the Iowa volun- teers to move to the field. The First and Second Infantry immediately embarked in steamboats and proceeded to Hannibal. Two weeks later the- Third Infantry was ordered to the same point. These three, together with many other of the earlier organized Iowa regiments, rendered their first field service in Missouri. The First Infantry formed a part of the little army with which Gen. Lyon moved on Spring- field, and fought the bloody battle of Wil- son's creek. It received unqualified praise for its gallant bearing on the field. In the following month (September), the Third Iowa, with but very slight support, fought with honor the sanguinary engagement of Blue Mills Landing; and in November the Seventh Iowa, as a part of the force com- manded by Gen. Grant, greatly distin- guished itself in the battle of Belmont, where it poured out its blood like water — losing more than half of the men it took into action. The initial operations in which the bat- tles referred to took place were followed by the more important movements led by Gen. Grant, Gen. Curtis, of this State, and other commanders, which resulted in de- feating the armies defending the chief strategic lines held by the Confederates in Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri and Arkan- sas, compelling their withdrawal from much of the territory previously controlled by them in those States. In these and other movements, down to the grand cul- minating campaign by. which Vicksburg was captured and the Confederacy perma- nently severed on the line of the Missis- sippi river, Iowa troops took part in steadily increasing numbers. In the in- vestment and siege of Vicksburg, the State was represented by thirty regiments and two batteries, in addition to which eight regiments and one battery were employed on the outposts of the besieg- ing army. The brilliancy of their exploits on the many fields where they served, won for them the highest meed of praise, both in military and civil circles. Mul- tiplied were the terms in which expres- sion was given to this sentiment, but these words of the journals of a neighboring State: "The Iowa troops have been heroes among heroes," embody the spirit of all. In the veteran re-enlistment that dis- tinguished the closing month of 1863, above all other periods in the history of re-enlistmejit for the National armies, the Iowa three-years' men (who were rela- tively more numerous than those of any other State), were prompt to set the ex- ample of volunteering for another term of equal length, thereby adding many thousands to the great'army of those who '"T" i> ^ ±ht^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 93 gave this renewed and practical assurance that the cause of the Union should not be left without defenders. In all the important movements of 1864 and '65, by which the confederacy was pen- etrated in every quarter, and its military power finally overthrown, the Iowa troops took part. Their drum-beat was heard on the banks of every ^reat river of the South, from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, and everywhere they rendered the same faithful devoted service, maintaining on all occasions their wonted reputation for valor in the field, and endurance on the march. Two Iowa 3-year cavalry regiments were employed during their whole term of ser- vice in the operations that were in progress from 1863 to 1866 against the hostile In- dians of the Western plains. A portion of these men were among the last of the volunteer troops to be mustered out of ser- vice. The State also supplied a consider- able number of men to the navy, who took part in most of the naval operations pros- ecuted against the Confederate power on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, and the riv- ers of the West. The people of Iowa were early and con- stant workers in the sanitary field, and by their liberal gifts and personal efforts for the benefit of the soldiery, placed their State in the front rank of those who be- came distinguished for their exhibitions of patriotic benevolence during the period covered by the war. Agents appointed by the governor were stationed at points con- venient for rendering assistance to the sick and needy soldiers of the State, while oth- ers were employed in visiting, from time to time, hospitals, camps and armies in the field, and doing whatever the circumstances rendered possible for the health and com- fort of such of the Iowa soldiery as might be found there. Charitable enterprises also found a ready support in Iowa. Some of the benevolent people of the State early conceived the idea of establishing a home for such of the children of deceased soldiers as might be left in destitute circumstances. This idea first took form in 1863, and in the follow- ing year a home was opened at Farming- ton, VanBuren county, in a building leased for that purpose, and which soon became filled to its utmost capacity. The institu- tion received liberal donations from the general public, and also from the soldiers in the field. In 1865 it became necessary to provide increased accommodations for the large number of children who were seeking the benefits of its care. This was done by establishing a branch at Cedar Falls, in Black Hawk county, and by secur- ing, during the same year, for the use of the parent home. Camp Kinsman, near the city of Davenport. This property, by act of Congress, was soon afterward donated to the institution. In 1866, in pursuance of a law enacted for that purpose, the Sol- diers' Orphans' Home (which then con- tained about 450 inmates), became a State institution, and thereafter the sums neces- sary for its support were appropriated from the State treasury, A second branch was established at Glenwood, Mills county. Convenient tracks were secured, and valu- able improvements made at all the different points. Schools were also established, and employments provided for such of the children as were of suitable age. In every way the provision made for these wards .^ 94 HISTORY OF IOWA. of the State has been sach as to challenge the approval of every benevolent mind. The number of children who have been inmates of the home from its foundation to the present time is considerably more than 2,000. No bounty was paid by the State on account of the men she placed in the field. In some instances, toward the close of the war, bounty, to a comparatively small amount, was paid by cities and towns. On only one occasion, that of the call of July 18, 1864, was a draft made in Iowa. This did not occur on account of her proper lia- bility, as established by previous rulings of the War Department, to supply men under that call, but grew out of the great necessity that there existed for raising men. The Government insisted on tem- porarily setting aside, in part, the former ~ rule of settlements, and enforcing a draft in all cases where sub-districts in any of the States should be found deficient in their supply of men. In no instance was Iowa, as a whole, found to be indebted to the General Government for men, on a settlement of her quota accounts. Not satisfied with merely doing her duty under the law, Iowa, of her patriotic gen- erosity, did more than was required. The l7th, 18th and 37th regiments of infantry, the 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th regiments of cav- alry were all enrolled, not to meet any call from the General Government, but to enable citizens of the State to enlist un- der the banners of the Union, in excess of all demands which could lawfully be made. The State also contributed a large num- ber of men and many officers to regiments in Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, Illinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota, and out of a population of less than 2,000 arms-bearing colored citizens, raised nearly a whole reg- iment of African troops. But besides the troops thus regularly enrolled within the State, and those who formed part of regi- ments in neighboring States, there were not a few of Iowa's citizens in the regular army, in the different staff departments of the volunteer army, and in commands to far distant States. Those, also, should be noticed who were called upon to protect the State and adjoin- ing States from raids, to preserve the inter- nal peace of the State, etc., in 1861, when Northern Missouri was overrun by preda- tory bands, and the loyal citizens were being driven from their homes by hun- dreds, and suffering in life, person and estate, the border Iowa yeomanry, unskilled in anything pertaining to war, responded to the Macedonian cry of their neighbors and speeded across the line to help them to the number of 1,500; they were armed with old fowling pieces and antiquated militia gear, but they proved effective, nevertheless, their hearts being in the riglit place. In the same year three expeditions were sent out to beat back the Jackson bushwhackers who were advancing on Iowa, driving out the TTnion people on their way. These expeditions numbered about 1,300 men, and performed valuable service in Missouri. On the northern border, during the same year, the Sioux City cavalry, ninety- three men, and Captain Tripp's company, about fifty men, were employed to protect the borders against the Indians. In 1862, under authority of the General Assembly, the Northern and Southern Border Brigades were organized — the one -I e ^ ,4^ ^i^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 05 for the protection of the State against guerilla hands on the south along the entire horder, the other to keep in check the dis- affected Indians intent on mischief in the northwest. There were five companies of the Northern Border Brigade, two hun- dred and fifty men, and ten companies of the Southern Border Brigade, seven hun- dred and ninety-four men, judiciously stationed at exposed points. For two years the State, at her own expense, sup- ported these organizations. There can be no doubt that this was a wise expenditure, considering the service done — ^that of stay- ing murder, rapine and arson, which were threatening to stalk through the State. Subsequently eight hundred militia in eleven companies were called out to sup- press the celebrated Talley treason in Keokuk county, and five hundred on ac- count of the disturbances in Poweshiek and Davies counties. At the beginning of the war, the popu- lation of Iowa included about 150,000 men presumably liable to render military ser- vice. The State raised for general service thirty-nine regiments of infantry, nine regiments of cavalry, and four companies of artillery, composed of three years' men; one regiment of infantry, composed of three months' men, and four regiments and one batallion of infantry, composed of 100 days' men. The original enlistments in these various organizations, including 1,727 men raised by draft, numbered a little more than 69,000. The re-enlist- ments, including upward of 7,000 vete- rans, numbered very nearly 8,000. The enlistments in the regular army and navy, and organizations of other States, will, if added, raise the total to upward of 80,000. The number of men who, under special eolistments, and as militia, took part at different times in the operations on the exposed borders of the State, was probably as many as 5,000. As an inevitable result of war, many became prisoners, and suffered the cruel- ties of Libby, Andersonville and other "pens" in the South, which have become famous the world over, solely because of the incredible barbarities practiced in them. Considerable portions of the 8th, 12th and 14th Regiments were captured, after hard fighting, at Shiloh; the 16th was nearly all surrendered at Atlanta; the l7th at Tilton; the 19th at Sterling farm; the 36th at Mark's Mill. Many escaped heroically from rebel imprisonment, and the narratives of their sufferings would make many interesting volumes. Every loyal State of the Union had many women who devoted much time and great labor toward relieving the wants of our sick and wounded soldiery, but for Iowa can be claimed the honor of inaugu- rating the great charitable movement which was so successfully supported by the noble women of the North. Mrs. Harlan, wife of Hon. James Harlan, United States Senator, was the first woman of our country among those moving in high circles of society who personally visited the army and ministered to the wants of the suffering soldiery. In many of her visits to the army, Mrs. Harlan was accompanied by Mrs. Joseph T. Fales, wife of the first State Auditor of Iowa. No words can describe the good done, the lives saved, and the deaths made easy by the host of noble women of Iowa, whose names it would take a volume to print. ^ 5 >y HISTORY OF IOWA, Every county, every town, every neighbor- hood in the State had these true heroines, ■whose praise can never be fully known, till the final rendering of all accounts of deeds done in the body. The contributions of the State to "sanitary fairs" during the war were enormous, amounting to many hundred thousand dollars. Highly suc- cessful fairs were held at Dubuque, Mus- catine, Burlington and Marshalltown, while all the towns contributed most gen- erously to fairs of a less general nature. All this mast be added to the work of the many "Florence Nightingales" of Iowa, whose heroic sacrifices have won for them the undying gratitude of the nation. It is said, to the honor and credit of Iowa, that while many of the loyal States, older and larger in population and wealth, incurred heavy State debts for the purpose of fulfilling their obligations to the Gene- ral Government, Iowa, while she was fore- most in duty, while she promptly discharged all her obligations to her sister States and the Union, found herself at the close of the war without any material additions to her pecuniary liabilities incurred before the war commenced. Upon final settle- ment after restoration of peace, her claims upon the Federal Government were found to be fully equal to the amount of her bond issued and sold during the war to provide the means for raising and equip- ping her troops sent into the field, and to meet the inevitable demands upon her treasury in consequence of the war. It was in view of these facts that Iowa had done more than her duty during the ■war, and that ■without incurring any con- siderable indebtedness, and that her troops had fought most gallantly on nearly every battle-field of the war, that the Newark Advertiser and other prominent Eastern journals called Iowa the " Model State of the Eepublic." In the following pages a brief account is given of each regiment, which was cred- ited to Iowa during the war. The Fiest Regiment was organized under the President's first proclamation for volunteers for three months, with John Francis Bates, of Dubuque, as Colonel; William H. Merritt, of Cedar Rapids, as Lieutenant-Colonel, and A. B. Porter, of Mt. Pleasant, as Major. The regiment was mustered into the service of the United States May 14th, 1861, at Keokuk. The different compa- nies were independent military organiza- tions before the war; and tendered their service before the breaking out of hostili- ties. The regiment was in quarters in Keokuk for two •weeks, During this time they became proficient in the use of arms, and they learned something of practical camp life. June 13th, the regiment re- ceived orders to join General Lyon iu Missouri. They immediately embarked on board a steamer, and by midnight were at Hannibal, Mo., where they slept on the floor of a large warehouse. They pro- ceeded without delay to the interior of the State, where Gen. Lyon had just defeated Gov. Jackson with his so-called . State troops. Joining Lyon, they were soon given a taste of active service. For two months they were almost constantly on the march, and occasionally skirmished with the enemy. August 10th, a sharp battle was fought with the enemy at Wilson's Creek, when the gallant and i^ i\^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 97 noble Gen. Lyon was killed, and the regi- ment lost IjO killed and 50 wounded. After the battle the regiment proceeded to St. Louis, and their three months having expired, were mustered out August 25 th, 1861. The number of officers and men in this regiment were 959. Of these 13 were killed, 13 died, 141 were wounded, and three were missing. Thb Secoito Inpaktet was organized soon after the commencement of the war, with Samuel R. Curtis, of Keokuk, as Colonel; James M. Tattle, of Keosauqua, as Lieutenant-Colonel; and M. M. Crocker, of DesMoines, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States, at Keokuk, in May, 1861. It participated in the following engagements: Fort Donel- soD, Shiloh, advance on Corinth, Corinth, Little Bear Creek, Ala., Resaca, Ga., Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Nickajaok Creek, in front of Atlanta, Jan- uary 22, 1864, siege of Atlanta, Jonesboro, Eden Station, Little Ogeechee, Savannah, Columbia, Lynch's Creek and Bentonville; went with Sherman on his march to the sea, and through the Carolinas, home. This regiment was one of Iowa's most distinguished commands in the war. It was the first three years' regiment, and it left for the theatre of war even before the First Regiment, by a few hours. Its companies were enrolled during that first splendid enthusiasm which followed the bombardment of Fort Sumter, and they contained many men of talent and reputation. The regiment especially dis- tinguished itself in the capture of Fort Donelson, in entering which it was awarded the post of honor. It was then n^ that the unenthusiastic Gen. Halleck pro- nounced the Iowa Second the " bravest of the brave." The Second Veteran Infantry was formed by the consolidation of the battalions of the Second and Tbird Vet- eran Infantry, and was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 12, 1865. The total number of officers and men who inlisted in this regiment was 1,247. Of this num- ber daring the war 65 were killed, 134 died, 830 were discharged, 268 were wounded, 14 were missing and 24 were captured. Toe TniKD Infantry was organized at about the same time as the Second, with Nelson G. Williams, of Dubuque county, as Colonel; John Scott, of Story county, Lieutenant-Colonel; William N. Stone, of Marian county, as Major, and was mustered into the United States service in June, 1861, at Keokuk. The regiment was en- gaged at Blue Mills, Mo., Shiloh, Hatohie rivet, Matamoras, Vicksburg, Johnson, Miss., in the Meridian expedition at At- lanta, in Sherman's march to the sea, and through the Carolinas to Richmond and Washington. The regiment was veteran- ized and organized as a battalion in 1864, but before the officers received their com- missions the battalion bravely fought itself out of existence at the battle of Atlanta. The remnant was consolidated with the veterans of the Second, and the regiment was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 12, 1864. The total number of officers and men in the regiment was 1,074. Of this number, during the war, 57 were killed, 133 died, 231 were discharged, 269 were wounded, 10 were missing, 93 were captured and 19 were transferred. r =A^ 98 HISTORY OF IOWA, The Fourth Infantry was organized with G. M. Dodge, of Council Bluffs, as Colonel; John Galligan, of Davenport, as Lieutenant-Colonel; Wm. R. English, of Glen wood, as Major. The regiment was engaged at Pea Ridge, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Jackson, Look- out Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Ring- gold, Eesaca and Taylor's Ridge. It came home on veteran furlough February 20, 1864; returned in April; was in the cam- paign against Atlanta, Sherman's march to the sea, and thence through the Carolinas to Washington, and home; was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 24, 1865. The total number of officers and men in this regiment was 1,184, of whom Gl were killed, 205 died, 299 were discharged, 338 were wounded, 5 were missing, 44 were captured and 37 were transferred. The Fifth Infantry was organized with Wm. H. Worthington, of Keokuk, as Colonel; C. Z. Mathias, of Burlington, as Lieutenant-Colonel; W. S. Robertson; of Columbus City, as Major, and was mus- tered into the service of the United States, at Burlington, July 15, 1861. The regi- ment was engaged at New Madrid, siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Champion Hills, siege of Vicksburg and Chickamauga. Went home on veteran furlough in April, 1864, the non-veterans went home in July, 1864, leaving 180 veterans, who were trans- ferred to the Fifth Iowa Cavalry. The Fifth Cavalry was mustered out at Nash- ville, Tenn., August 11, 1865. The regi- ment had done brave service, and amply deserves the high encomium passed upon it by the generals of the army. The total number of ofBcers and men in the regi- ment was 1,037, of whom 65 were killed. 126 died, 244 were discharged, 288 were wounded, 103 were captured,, and 50 were transferred. Thb Sixth Infantry was organized with John A. McDowell, of Keokuk, as Colonel; Markoe Cummins, of Muscatine, as Lieutenant-Colonel; John M. Corse, of Burlington, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States July 6, 1861, at Burlington. It was engaged at Shiloh, Mission Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Jackson, Black River Bridge, Jones' Ford, in Sher- man's march, then returned through the Carolinas. The regiment served with dis- tinction at the siege of Jackson, winning high praise from General Smith, command- ing. It marched through most of the Southern States, thousands of miles, and bore its share of fatigue with unflinching devotion to duty. The total number of officers and men in the regiment was 1,013, of vhom 109 were killed, 157 died, 265 wera. discharged, 355 were wounded, 3 were missing, and 8 were transferred. Thb Seventh Infantry was organized with J. G. Lauman, of Burlington, as Col- onel; Augustus Wentz, of Davenport, as Lieut.-Colonel; E. M. Rice, of Oskaloosa, as Major; and was mustered into the United States semce at Burlington, July 24, 1861. The regiment was engaged in the battles of Belmont, Fort Henry, Fort DonelsoD, Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Cor- inth, Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Nickajack Creek, siege of Atlanta, July 22d in front of Atlanta, Sherman's campaign io the ocean, through the Carolinas to Richmond, and thence to Louisville. Was mustered 1^ 4« ihL^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 99 out at Louisville, Ky.,' July 12, 1865. The battle in -which, the Seventh did the most service was that of Belmont, in which it lost 227 in killed, wounded and missing. The regiment, by four years of faithful service, earned as honorable a name as can be found anywhere in the annals of our volunteer soldiery. The Seventh contained altogether 1,138 officers and men, and of these, during the war, 98 were killed, 1'78 died, 291 discharged, 354 were wounded, and 29 were transferred. The Eighth Infantet was organized with Frederick Steel, of the regular army, as Colonel; James L. Gedds, of Vinton, as Lieutenant-Colonel; J. C. Ferguson, of Knoxville, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States Sep- tember 12, 1861, at Davenport, Iowa. The regiment was engaged in the following battles: Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, Jack- son and Spanish Fort. Was mustered out at Selma, Ala., April 20, 1866. The Eighth fought nobly at Shiloh for ten hours, but was finally forced to surrender. Most of the command then suffered in rebel prisons for eight months, when they were paroled or released. A portion of the regiment was not surrendered, and it went into the famous "Union Brigade." The regiment was re-organized in 1863, and performed faithful service until mustered out in 1866. It was on duty in Alabama nearly a year after the collapse of the Re- bellion, and by the "Campaign of Mobile" earned as warm a reception as Iowa gave to any of her returning heroes. Of 1,027 officers and men, 53 were killed, 187 died, G14 were discharged, 288 were wounded. 8 were missing, 394 were captured, and 38 were transferred. Thb Ninth Intantet was organized with Wm. Vandever, of Dubuque, as Colo- nel; Frank G. Herron, of Dubuque, as Lieutenant-Colonel; Wm. H. Coyle, of Decorah, as Major. The regiment was in the following engagements: Pea Ridge, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg, Ringgold, Dallas and Lookout Mountain. It also participated in the Atlanta campaign, Sherman's march to the sea, and the return home through North and South Carolina to Richmond. Was mustered out at Louisville, July 18, 1865. The Ninth Iowa was recruited and organ- ized by its first colonel, Wm. Vandever, who was, in 1862, made a Brigadier-Gene- ral. The regiment performed most bril- liant service during the whole war, and took a prominent part in the battle of Pea Ridge. It had marched more than 4,000 miles, been transported by rail and steamer more than 6,000, and traversed every State by the Confederacy except Florida and Texas. The regiment brought home four flags, of which two were de- posited with the Adjutant-General, one given to the State Historical Society, and one was kept by the regimental associa- tion, formed by them on being mustered out. Of 1,090 men and officers, 84 were killed, 275 died, 274 were discharged, 385 were wounded, 1 was missing, 32 were , captured, and 30 were transferred. The Tenth Infantet was organized with Nicholas Perczel, of Davenport, as Colonel; W. E. Small, of Iowa City, as Lieutenant-Colonel; John C. Bennett, of V ^ a i^ 4^ 100 HISTORY OF IOWA. Polk county, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States at Iowa City, September 6, 1861. The regi- ment participated in the following engage- ments: Siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Cham- pion Hills, Vicksburg and Mission Ridge. Was mustered out August 15, 1865. The bloodiest battle in which the Tenth took a prominent part was that of Cham- pion Hills, in which it lost half its number in killed, wounded and missing. Many regiments, on coming home, gave to the State banners with the names on them of the principal battles in which they had been engaged. The Tenth gave up its colors with the simple inscription, "Tenth Iowa Veteran Volunteers;" and when a visitor to the State Department looks at this banner, torn and bloody with four years of hard service, he will think that "Tenth Iowa Veteran Volunteers" is as proud an inscription as flag ever unfurled to the breeze of heaven. Of 1,027 officers and men, 63 were killed, 170 died, 256 were discharged, 277 were wounded, l7 were captured, and 49 were transferred. Thk Eleventh Infantkt was organ- ized with A. M. Hare, of Muscatine, as Colonel; John C. Abercrombie as Lieu- tenan1>Coloiel; Wm. Hall, of Davenport, as Major; and was mustered into the ser- vice of the United States, at Davenport, in September and October, 1861. The regiment was engaged in the battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battles of Corr inth, Vicksburg, Atlanta campaign, and battle of Atlanta. Was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 15, 1865. No regi- ment did better service in the war, and no regiment met with heartier welcome on its return home. Of 1,022 men, 58 were killed, 178 died, 158 were discharged, 234 were wounded, 4 were missing, 63 were captured, and 42 were transferred. The Twelfth Inpaktet was recruited soon after the disaster at Bull Run, under a proclamation by President Lincoln call- ing for more volunteers. It was organized with J. J. Wood, of Maquoketa, as Colonel; John P. Coulter, of Cedar Rapids, as Lieu- tenant-Colonel; Samuel D. Brodtbeck, of Dubuque, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States in October and November, 1861, the last company November 25. The regiment was engaged at Shiloh, Fort Donelson, siege of Vicks- burg, Tupelo, Mississippi, White River, Nashville and Spanish Fort. Was mus- tered out at Memphis, January 20, 1866. In the battle of Shiloh the Twelfth fought gallantly all day in company with the Eighth and Fourteenth, and at sunset sur- rendered. They endured a loathsome captivity in rebel prisons for eight months, when they were exchanged, and the regi- ment was re-organized. A few who were not captured at Shiloh performed active service in the " Union Brigade," during these eight months. The newly equipped regiment immediately joined the army be- fore Vicksburg, and served actively the rest of the war. When the regiment vet- eranized, January 4, 1864, a larger propor- tion of men re-enlisted than in any other regiment from Iowa. The following spring the regiment was home for a few weeks on veteran furlough. After Lee's surrender the regiment was continued in the service in Alabama, on guard and gar- i 'y^ A HISTORY OF IOWA. 101 rison duty for several montbs. Of 981 oflScers and men, 33 were killed, 285 died, 258 were discharged, 222 were wounded, 404 were captured, and 23 were trans- ferred. The Thieteenth Inpantet was or- ganized with M. M. Crocker, of DesMoines, as Colonel; M. M. Price,, of Davenport, as Lieutenant-Colonel; John Shane, of Vin- ton, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States, November 1, 1861. The regiment was in the battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Corinth, Kenesaw Mountain, siege of Vicksbufg, campaign against Atlanta, Sherman's march to the sea, and through the Carolinas, home. Was mustered out at Louisville, July 21, 1865. This regiment was especially fortu- nate in having such a commander as Col. Crocker. The men at first objected to drilling five or six hours every day, and other severe discipline; but afterward, in the battle of Shiloh and elsewhere, they had ample reason to be grateful for their drill under Col. Crocker. The Thirteenth did noble service in many important aJGEairs of the war, and had the honor of being the first Union troops to enter Columbia, S. C, where the secession movement first began. Of a total of 989 officers 'and men, 68 were killed, 224 died, 270 were discharged, 313 were wounded, 6 were missing, 88 were captured, and 34 were transferred. Thb Foukteenth Infantkt was or- ganized in the fall of 1861, under the call of October 3. Before the regiment was organized, the first three companies raised, A, B and C, were ordered on garrison duty at Fort Randall, Dakota Territory, and re- mained ever afterward detached from the regiment. So that, although in form they were a part of the Fourteenth Iowa for some time, they were never under its com- manding officer. Afterward, these com- panies for a time were called the First Battalion of the 4lBt Infantry; but this regiment never being organized, they finally were attached to a cavalry regi- ment. The Fourteenth, therefore, had at first but seven companies. In June, 1863, the number of companies was raised to 10, and thus constituted for the first time a full regiment. The regiment was first organized with Wm. T. Shaw, of Anamosa, as Colonel; Edward W. Luca^, of Iowa City, as Lieutenant-Colonel; Hiram Leon- ard, of DesMoines county, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States at Davenport, in October, 1861. The regiment was in the battle of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Pleasant Hill, Meridian, Fort De Russey, Tupelo, Town Creek, Tallahatchie, Pilot Knob, Old To"wn, Yellow Bayou, and others. Was mustered out, except veterans andrecniits, at Davenport, November 16,1864. The regiment was nearly all captured at the battle of Shiloh, but was after a few months exchanged and reorganized. The Fourteenth did some of the hardest fight- ing, that was done in the war. Of 840 officers and men, 31 were killed, 148 died, 191 were discharged, 186 were wounded, 1 was missing, 269 were captured, and 23 were transferred. The Fifteenth Infantet was organ- ized in the winter of 1861-2, with Hugh T. Reid, of Keokuk, as Colonel; William Dewey, of Freemont county, as Lieutenant- '8 ^ •J< ^ ^ 102 HISTORY OP IOWA. Colonel; W. W. Belnap, of Keokuk, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States at Keokuk, March 19, 1862. The regiment participated in the battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, tattles of Corinth, Vicksburg, campaign against At- lanta; battle in front of Atlanta, in Sher- man's march to the sea, and through the Carolinas to Richmond, Washington and Louisville, where it was mustered out August 1, 1864. The regiment was most actively engaged at the siege of Atlanta, where it was under fire from the rebels for 81 days. The gallant Fifteenth will long be honored by the grateful people of Iowa for its faithful service of three years and a half in the heart of the rebellion. Of 1,196 men, 58 were killed, 277 died, 306 were discharged, 416 were wounded, 7 were missing, 83 were captured, and 27 were transferred. The Sixteenth Infantet was organ- ized under the first call of • 1861, and was at that time supposed to be the last Iowa would be called upon to furnish. But the war was only begun, and Iowa was des- tined to furnish more troops after the Sixteenth than before. As organized, the Sixteenth had Alexander Chambers for Colonel; A. H. Sanders, of Davenport, for Lieutenant-Colonel; and William Purcell, of Muscatine, for Major. It was mus- tered into the service of the United States at Davenport, December 10, 1861. The Sixteenth was in the battles of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Kenesaw Mountain, Nickajack Creek, and the various battles around Atlanta; in Sherman's campaigns, and those ia the Carolinas. Its first battle was the bloodiest of the war — Shiloh; and that they behaved so well under their first fire, showed that they were good men. After the battle of Shiloh, the "Iowa Brigade" was formed, of which the Sixteenth ever after formed a part. This "Iowa Brigade" was most highly praised by the Inspector-General of the Seventeenth Army Corps, who de- clared in his official report that he had never seen a finer looking body of men, in any respect. In the battle before Atlanta, the greater part of the regiment was cap- tured, and remained in captivity two months. The Sixteenth was mustered out July 19, 1865, at Louisville. Of its 819 officers and men, 62 were killed, 255 died, 211 were discharged, 311 were wounded, 14 were missing, 257 were captured, and 29 were transferred. The Sevbxteenth Isfaktbt was raised during the spring of 1862, and organized with John W. Rankin, of Keokuk, as Colonel; D. B. Hillis, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant-Colonel; and Samuel M. Wise, of Mt. Pleasant, as Major. It was mus- tered into the service of the United States at Keokuk, April 16, 1862. The Seventeenth was in the siege of Corinth, the battles of luka, Corinth, Jack- son, Champion Hills, Fort Hill, siege of Vicksburg, Mission Ridge, and Tilton, Ga., where most of the regiment were made prisoners of war, October 13, 1864. The regiment won special commendation at the battle of Corinth. Of its 956 mem- bers, 45 were killed, 121 died, 222 were discharged, 245 were wounded, 8 were missing, 278 were captured, and 28 were transferred. ^•^s r- 'Ji^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 103 The Eighteenth Iitfantby, as well as the Seventeenth, was not recruited in re- sponse to any call of the President, but was a free gift from the people of Iowa. It was raised in the early summer of 1862, and was mustered into the service of the United States at Clinton, August 5, 6 and 1, 1862, with John Edwards, of Chariton, as Colonel; T. Z. Cook, of Cedar Rapids, as Lieutenant-Colonel; Hugh J. Campbell, of Muscatiiie, as Major. It was engaged in the battles of Springfield, Moscow, Poison Spring, Ark., and others. Much of its time was spent in garrison duty, west of the Mississippi, and therefore it did not share in the brilliant honors of the great battles east of that river. Had oppor- tunity offered, no doubt they would have assaulted Vicksburg, or fought above the clouds on Lookout Mountain, as bravely as any troops in the Union. It was mus- tered out July 20, 1865, at Little Rock, Arkansas. Of 875 officers aad men, 28 were killed, 122 died, 233 were discharged, 79 were wounded, 63 were captured, and 15 were transferred. • The Nineteenth Intantet was the first regiment organized under President Lincoln's call of July 2, 1862, made when the cause of the Union looked, most gloomy. It was mustered into the United States service August 17, 1863, at Keokuk, with Benjamin Crabb, of Washington, as Colonel; Samuel McFarland, of Mt. Pleas- ant, as Lieutenant-Colonel; and Daniel Kent, of Ohio, as Major. The regiment served faithfully at Prai- rie Grove, Vicksburg, in the Yazoo river expedition, at Sterling Farm, and at Span- ish Fort. At Sterling Farm, September 29, 1863, most of the regiment surrend- ered, after a hard fight. They were ex- changed July 22d of the following year, when they rejoined their regiment at New Orleans. The Nineteenth was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., July 18, 1885. Of 985 men and officers, 58 were killed, 133 died, 101 were discharged, 198 were wounded, 21G \^ere captured, and 43 were transferred. TuE Twentieth Infantkt was the sec- ond of the twenty-two regiments raised in Iowa under the call of July 2, 1862. The . regiment was raised within two counties, Linn and Scott, each of which contributed five companies, and which vied with each other in patriotism. Wm. McE. Dye, of Marion, Linn county, was commissioned Colonel; J. B. Leek, of Davenport, Lieut.- Colonel; and Wm. G. Thompson, of Ma- rion, Major. The muster-in took place at Clinton, August 25, 1862. The Twentieth fought at Prairie Grove and at Ft. Blakely. Though not engaged in prominent battles, it performed valuable garrison duties on the southern coast. It was on Mustang Island, off the coast of Texas, seven months. Was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., July 8, 1865, and on its return home received a royal welcome from Iowa's citizens. Of 925 officers and men in the Twentieth, 9 were killed, 144 died, 166 were discharged, 52 were wounded, 13 were captured and 89 were transferred. TheTwentt-Fiest Infantey was raised in August, 1862, with Samuel Merrill (ex- Governor of Iowa) as Colonel; Cornelius W. Dunlap, of Mitchell, as Lieut.-Colonel; S. F. Van Anda, of Delhi, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the i ^ d^ 104 HISTOEY OF IOWA. •^ «- ITnited States August 18, 20, 22 and 23, except one company, which had been mus- tered in June. The Twenty-first was en- gaged at Hartsville, Mo., Black River Bridge, Fort Beauregard, siege of Victs- burg, and - battles of Mobile and Fort Blakely. For nearly a year the regiment served in Missouri, where it distinguished itself by the well-fought battle of Harts- ville. Then it fought in Mississippi, in Louisiana, in Texas, in Louisiana again, in Arkansas, in Tennessee, in Louisiana once .more, and in Alabama. In the battle of Fort Gibson, this and several other Iowa regiments were prominent. The Twenty- first was mustered out at Baton Rouge, La,, July 15, 1865. Of its 980 officers and men, 39 were killed, 192 died, 169 were dis- charged, 161 were wounded, 2 were miss- ing, 21 were captured, and 56 were trans- ferred. The Twenty-Second Intantet was or- ganized in August, 1862, with Wm. M. Stone, of Knoxville (formerly Major of the Third Infantry, and since Governor of Iowa), as Colonel; John A. Garrett, of Kewton, as Lieut.-Colonel; Harvey Gra- ham, of Iowa City, as Major; and was mus- tered into the United States service at Iowa City, September 10, 1862. The Twenty-second served in many of the Southern States, and was engaged at Vieksburg, Tompson's Hills, in Sherman's campaign to Jackson, at Winchester, Fish- er's Hill, and Cedar Creek. The regiment particularly distinguished itself in an as- sault upon the enemy's works at Vieks- burg, and in the battle of Winchester, in the Shenandoah Valley, where it lost 109 men. In the Vieksburg assault, the regi- ..J ment lost 164 men. General Grant says in that assault, only Sergeant Griffith and 11 privates (of the Twenty-second,) suc- ceeded in entering the fort. Of these, only the Sergeant and one man returned. Altogether, there were 30 Iowa regiments concerned in the siege of Vieksburg. The regiment was mustered out at Savannah, Ga., July 25, 1865. Of 1,008 members, .58 were killed, 182 died, 161 were discharged, 267 were wounded, 84 were captured, and 42 were transferred. The Twbnty-Thied Infantey was or- ganized with William Dewey, of Fremont county, as Colonel; W. II. Kinsman, of Council Bluffs, as Lieut.-Colonel; S. L. Glasgow, of Corydon, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States at DesMoines, September 19, 1862. The regiment was engaged at Vieksburg, Port Gibson, Black River, Champion Hills, Jackson, Milliken's Bend, and Ft. Blakely. The Twenty-third are the acknowledged heroes of the battle of Black River Bridge, and the equal sharers with other troops of the honors of many battle-fields. At Black River but a few minutes were used in as- saulting and carrying the rebel works, but those few were fought with fearful loss to the Twenty-third Iowa. After the success- ful fight, in which the Twenty-first also took part. Gen. Lawler passed down the line and shook every man's hand, so great was his emotion. Gen. Grant called it a brilliant and daring movement. It was mustered out at Harrisburg, Texas, July 26, 1865. Of its 961 officers and men, 41 were killed, 233 died, 181 were discharged, 135 were wounded, 3 were.eaptured, and 42 transferred. r^ ^1 HISTORY OF IOWA. ]05 The Twbsttt-Foubth Ini-antet, called "The Iowa Temperance regiment," was raised by Eber C. Byarn, of Linn county, and consisted of men who were pledged to abstain from the use of liquor in any shape. EberC. Byarn, of Mt. Vernon, was Colonel; John Q. Wilds, of Mt. Vernon, Lieutenant- Colonel; Ed. Wright, of Springdale, as Major. The regiment was mustered into the service of the United States at Muscatine, September 18, 1862 . The regi- ment was engaged at Fort Gibson, Cham- pion Hills, General Banks' Red river ex- pedition, Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. The battles in which the Twenty-fourth took the most prominent part were those of Sabine Cross Roads (in the Red river expedition) and Fisher's Hill. Of 979 men and ofE.cers, 56 were killed, 259 died, 205 were discharged, 260 were wounded, 2 were missing, 76 were captured and 55 were transferred. Thk Twenty-Fifth Txi'antrt was or- ganized near the beautiful little city of Mt. Pleasant, with George A. Stone, of Mt. Pleasant, as Colonel; Fabian Bry- dolph as Lieutenant-Colonel; and Calom Taylor, of Bloomfield, as Major. Was mustered into the United States service, atMt. Pleasant, September 27, 1862. The regiment was engaged at Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Walnut Bluff, Chattanooga, Campain, Ringgold, Resaca, Dallas, Kena- saw Mountain, battles around Atlanta, Lovejoy Station, Jonesboro, Ships Gap, Bentonville and was with Sherman on his march through Georgia and the Carolinas, to Richmond and Washington. The cap- ture of Columbia, the capital of the chief disloyal State, was effected by Iowa troops. among which were those of the Twenty- fifth. The regiment was mustered out at Washington, D. C, June 6, 1865. Of 995 men and ofE(iers, .39 were klled, 223 died, 140 were discharged, 183 were wounded, 4 were missing, 18 were captured and 71 were transferred. The ,Twentt-Sixth Infantry was or- ganized near the city of Clinton. Milo Smith, of Clinton, was Colonel; S. G. Magill, of Lyons, was Lieutenant-Colonel; Samuel Clark, of De Witt, was Major; and the regiment was mustered in at Clinton, in August of 1862. The regiment was engaged at Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Snake Creek Gap, Ga., Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Decatur, siege of At- lanta, Ezra Church, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Ship's Gap, in Sherman's cam- paign to Savannah and home through the Carolinas. The regiment took part in many great battles, and did faithful service all through the war, after winning com- mendations from its Generals. On the re- turn home, the regimental flag was depos- ited with the State archives, inscribed in golden colors with the names of the battles and victories in which they had shared. It was mustered out of the service at Washington, D. C, June 6, 1865. Of 9)9 men and officers, 44 were killed, 244 died, 147 were discharged, 165 were wounded, 27 were captured and 70 were transferred. The Twenty-^etenth Infantry was recruited in the northern part of Iowa, and was organized with James I. Gilbert, of Lansing, as Colonel; Jed. Lake, of Inde- pendence, as Lieutenant-Colonel; and G. W. Howard, of Bradford, as Major. It "a) \ ±4t 106 HISTORY OF IOWA. was mustered into the service of the United States at Dubuque, October 3, 1862. The Twenty-seventh was engaged at Little Rock, Ark., the battles of the Red river expedition, Fort De Eussey, Pleasant Hill, Yellow Bayou, Tupelo, Old Town Creek and Fort Blakely. This [regiment had varied experience in the matter of climate; for their first active service was in Minne- sota, while before the war was over they made a voyage on the gulf, from the Balize to Mobile Bay. After faithful ser- vice through the rest of the war, the regi- ment was mustered out August 8, 1865, at Clinton, Iowa. Of 940 officers and men, 9 were killed, 183 died, 207 were dis- charged, 142 wounded, 6 were missing, 32 were captured and 47 were transferred. The Twenty-Eighth Ixfantey was organized during the autumn of 1862, with the following officers: Wm. E. Miller, of Iowa City, Colonel; John Connell, of To- ledo, Lieutenant-Colonel; and H.B. Lynch, of MillersTsurg, as Major. The regiment was engaged at Port Gibson, Jackson and siege of Vicksburg; was in Bank's Red river expedition, and fought at Sabine Cross Roads, in the Shenandoah Valley, at Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. In this last the regiment was most prominently engaged. Daring its service it fought a dozen battles, and traveled well- nigh the entire circuit of the Confederacy. The Twenty-eighth was mustered out of the service at Savannah, Gfa., July 31, 1865. Of its 956 officers and men, 56 were killed, 111 died, 187 were discharged, 263 were wounded, 10 were missing, 93 were cap- tured and 44 were transferred. The Twenty-Ninth Infantry was or- ganized at Council Bluffs, and mustered into the service of the United States, December 1, 1862, with Thomas H. Ben- ton, Jr., of Council Bluffs, as Colonel; R. F. Patterson, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant- Colonel; and Charles B. Shoemaker, of Olarinda, as Major. The Twenty-ninth was engaged at Helena, Arkansas Post, Terre Noir, and Spanish Fort. Though it was one of the best disciplined and bravest regiments in the war, it was long kept from participa- tion in active service by being stationed in Arkansas The regiment was mustered out at New Orleans, August 15, 1865. Of a total of 1,005 officers and men, 21 were killed, 268 died, 132 were discharged, 107 were wounded, 1 was missing, 55 were captured and 37 were transferred. The Thirtieth Infantkt was organ- ized in the summer of 1862, with Charles B. Abbott, of Louisa county, as Colonel; William M. G. Torrence, of Keokuk, as Lieut.-Colonel; Lauren Dewey,of Mt. Pleas- ant, as Major; was mustered into the ser- vice of the United States at Keokuk, Sep- tember 23, 1862. The regiment was engaged at Arkansas Post, Yazoo City, Vicksburg, Cherokee, Ala., Chattanooga, Ringgold, Resacka, Kenesa\^ Mountain, Atlanta, Lovejoy Station, Jonesboro and Taylor's Ridge; accompanied Sherman in his campaign to Savannah and through the Carolinas to Richmond, and was in the grand review at Washington, D. C. The Thirtieth was in the thickest of the war, and came home loaded with honors, leav- ing its honored dead on a score of battle- fields. It was mustered out June 5, 1865. A' .-< s k^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 107 Of 978 officers and men in this regiment, 44 were killed, 264 died, 145 were dis- charged, 22? were wounded, 2 were miss- ing, 19 were captured, and 48 were trans- ferred. Thb TniKTT-FiRST IxFAXTET was Or- ganized in the summer of 1862, with William Smyth, of Marion, as Colonel; J. W. Jenkins, of Maquoketa, as Lieuten- ant-Colonel; and Ezekiel Cutler, of Ana- mosa, as Major. It was mustered into the service of the United States at Davenport, October 13, 1862. The Thirty-first was engaged at Chicka- saw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Raymond, Jackson, Black River, Vicksbnrg, Chero- kee, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold, Taylor's Hills, Snake Creek Gap, Eesaca, Dallas, New Hope Church, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta and Jonesboro; was in Sherman's cam- paign through Georgia and the Carolinas, and was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., June 27, 1865. The regiment always did its part nobly. It was received home with speeches, feasting, etc., but the people's joy was tempered with sadness, as the regiment had gone forth 1,000 strong, and returned with 370. But had not so many regiments returned with thinned ranks, the Rebellion had not been conquered — the Union had not been saved. Of 977 officers and men, 13 were killed, 279 died, 176 were discharged, 85 were wounded, 13 were captured, and 72 were transferred. The Thiett-Second Infantet was or- ganized in the fall of 1862, with John Scott, of Nevada, as Colonel; E. H. Mix, of Shell Rock, as Lieutenant-Colonel; and G. A. Eberhart, of Waterloo, as Major. The regiment was mustered into the ser- vice of the United States at Dubuque, October 5, 1862. The regiment was en- gaged at Fort De Russey, Pleasant Hill, Tupelo, Old Tower Creek, Nashville and other battles. For some tirne the regi- ment was separated, and the detachments in different fields, but at last they were all united, and the regiment served as a unit. It was mustered out at Clinton, Iowa, August 24, 18G5. Of 925 officers and men, 59 were killed, 242 died, 174 were dis- charged, 142 were wounded, 98 were cap- tured, and 35 were transferred. TuE TiiiETY-TiiiED Infantkt was or- ganized in the fall of 1862, with Samuel A. Rice, a popular politician of Central Iowa, as Colonel; Cyrus H. Maskey, of Sigourney, as Lieutenant-Colonel; Hiram D. Gibson, of Knoxville, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States at Oskaloosa, October 1, 1862. The regiment was engaged at Little Rock, Helena, Saline River, Spanish Fort and Yazoo Pass. The regiment worked to best advantage at the brilliant victory of Helena. It remained in Arkansas till the early part of 1865, when it moved south to take part in the closing scenes in Alabama. The Thirty-third was mustered out of service at New Orleans, July 17, 1865. Of 985 men and officers, 26 were killed, 241 died, 145 were discharged, 177 were wounded, 7 were missing, 74 were captured, and 32 were transferred. The Thiett-Fotteth Infaxtet was organized in the fall of 1862, with George > W. Clarke, of Indianola, as Colonel; W. •F i V 103 HISTORY OF IOWA. S. Dungan, of Chariton, as Lieutenant- Colonel; R. D. Kellogg, of Decatur, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States at Burlington, Octo- ber 15, 1863. The regiment was engaged at Arkansas Post, Fort Gaines and other places in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Ala- bama. January 1, 1865, the regiment was consolidated with the Thirty-eighth. Ee- cruits from the Twenty-first and Twenty- third had been, on the muster-out of those regiments, transferred to the Thirty-fourth, and this regiment had a total of 1,131 offi- cers and men at its muster-out at Houston, Texas, August 15, 1865. Of 953 properly belonging to this regiment, 4 were killed, 234 died, 314 were discharged, 16 were wounded, 4 were captured and 22. were transferred. The regiment traveled over 15,000 miles in its service. The Thiett-Fipth Ini'antet was re- cruited in the summer of 1862, and mus- tered into the service of the United States, at Muscatine, September 18, with S. G. Hill, of Muscatine, as Colonel; James S. Rothrock, of Muscatine, as Lieutenant- Colonel, and Henry O'Conner, of Musca- tine, as Major. The regiment participated in the battles of Jackson, siege of Vicksbarg, Bayou Rapids, Bayou de Glaze, Pleasant Hillj Old River Lake, Tupelo, Nashville and the Mobile campaign. The Thirty-fifth Served bravely in a dozen battles, and traveled 10,000 miles. On its return home, it was greeted with a most hearty recep- tion, and a reunion of old soldiers. The regiment was mustered out at Davenport, August 10, 1865, and paid and disbanded at Muscatine six days later. Of 984 offi- cers and men, 88 were killed, 208 died, 192 were discharged, 95 were wounded, 3 were missing, 15 were captured and 65 were transferred. The Thiett-Sixth Infantet was or- ganized in the summer of 1862, with Charles W. Kittredge, of Ottumwa, aa Colonel; F. M. Drake, of Unionville, Appanoose county, as Lieutenant-Colonel, and T. C. Woodward, of Ottumwa, as Major. The regiment was mustered into the service of the United States, at Keo- kuk, October 4, 1862. The Thirty-sixth was engaged at Mark's Mills Ark., Elkins' Ford, Camden, Helena, Jenkins' Ferry and other places during the "Little Eock expedition." The regiment suffered greatly from sickness. Before it was fully organized, even, small-pox and measels attacked the men, and the com- mand lost 100 men. Then it was obliged to encounter the malarial fluences of Yazoo river and Helena. Before they recovered their vigor fully, more of them were forced to surrender to the rebels. The regiment was mustered out at D avail's Bluff, Ark., August 24, 1865. Of 986 oSicers and men, 35 were killed, 258 died, 191 were dis- charged, 166 were wounded, 460 were cap- tured and 24 were transferred. The Thiktt-Seventh Infantet was generally known as the "Gray-beard Reg- iment." It was composed of men-over 45 years of age, and hence not subject to military service, but their patriotism in- duced them to enlist, and the services of the regiment were accepted by the Secre- tary of War, for post and garrison service. *:?li f ;^ 2L11 ^l4v HISTORY OF IOWA. 109 It was organized with George W. Kincaid, of Muscatine, as Colonel; Geo. R. West, of Dubuque, as Lieutenant-Colonel, and Lyman Allen, of Iowa City, as Major. The muster-in took place at Muscatine, Decem- ber 15, 1862. The regiment served at St. Louis in guard of military prisons, then on the line of the Pacific railway, then at Alton, 111. Here they remained guarding the rebel prisoners till January, 1864, when they moved to Rook Island to perform similar duties until June 5. They served the next three months, in very hot weather, at Memphis. Thence the command moved to Indianapolis. From here five companies went to Cincinnati, three t(/CoIumbus and two to Gallipolis, Ohio. At these posts they remained till May, 1865. This "Gray- beard Regiment" was the only one of its kind in the war, and it received many favorable expressions from commanding officers under whom it served. It was mustered out May 24, 1865, the day of the grand review at Washington. The Thirty- seventh was the first Iowa three-years' regiment to come home, and was mustered out thus early by special request of General Willich, in whose brigade they were, in ord er that they might save their crops, most of them being farmers. Of 914 oflSoers and men, 3 were killed, 145 died, 359 were discharged, 2 were wounded, none were missing and none captured. Thb THiETT-EiGHTn Infantst was re- cruited in August, 186-', and mustered into the service of the United States at Du- buque, November 4, with D. H. Hughes, of Decorah, as Colonel; J. O. Hudmitt, of Waverly, as Lieut-Colonel; and Charles <^®~ Chadwick, of West Union, as Major. The regiment participated in the siege of Vicksburg and Banks' Red River expe- dition, and was consolidated with the Thirty-fourth Infantry, January 1, 1865, Of all Iowa's regiments, the Thirty-eighth was most unfortunate in regard to sick- ness. It had not been in the service two years when more than 300 enlisted men and a number of officers had died of disease. During the same period 100 had been discharged for inability. There were long weary weeks when there were not enough well men to take care of the sick — not even enough to bury the dead. It was at last obliged to give up its own existence. Though the regiment had not had an op- portunity to achieve brilliant renown in the field, it did fulfill a no less honored destiny than many whose banners were covered with the names of battles. It did all that men could do — it gave itself up for the good of the service. Of its 910 men, 1 was killed, 314 died, 120 were dis- charged, 2 were wounded and 14 were transferred. The Thiett-Ninth Inpantet was or- ganized with H. J. B. Cummings, of Win- terset, as Colonel; James Redfield, of Redfield, Dallas county, as Lieutenant- Colonel; and J. M. Griffiths, of DesMoines, • as Major. The regiment was engaged at Parker's Cross Roads, Tenn., Corinth, Allatoona, Ga., Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta and was in Sherman's march to the sea, and through the Carolinas to Richmond, The regiment was one of the most distin- guished in the field, and met with a royal ■ welcome from the warm-hearted people ~~if V -^ 110 HISTORY OF IOWA. •^ Xi of Iowa, on its return home. It had pre- vionsly taken part in the grand review at Washington. It was mustered out at Washington, June 5, 1865, and was dis- banded at Clinton, Iowa. Of its 933 officers and men, 41 were killed, 143 died, 123 were discharged, 113 were wounded, 206 ' were captured and 16 were transferred. The Fobtietu Infantiit was the high- est in numerical order of Iowa's three- year's regiments, but not the last to leave the State. Three or four other regimental organizations, too, were commenced, but not completed. Some 300 men were enlisted for the Forty-first, who united with the three companies of the Four- teenth, stationed at Fort Eaudall, Dakota Territory; another regiment, to be called the Forth-second, was attempted, with camp at Dubuque; and still another, at Otturawa, was to be called the Forty- third. These attempts were unsuccessful in so far as the complete formation of an infantry regiment after the Fortieth was concerned. The Fortieth was organized at Iowa City, November 15, 1862, with John A. Garrett, of Newton, as Colonel; S. F. Cooper, of Grinnell, as Lieutenant- Colonel; and S. G. Smith, of Newton, as Major. , The regiment participated in the siege of Vicksburg, Steele's expedition, Bank's Red River expedition, and the battle of Jenkins' Ferry. It was called the "Cop- perhead Regiment," by political partisans, but it bore its share of the fatigues of war in a patriotic way that might have been emulated by some of their political ene- mies. The fact is, moreover, the regiment always gave a small Republican majority, -r- though the contrary was believed for a time. The Fortieth was mustered out at Port Gibson, August 2, 1865. Of 900 offi- cers and men, 5 were killed, 196 died, 134 were discharged, 43 were wounded, 3 were captured, and £6 were transferred. The Foktt-Fikst Ixfaktey was never completed as an infantry regiment. It con- tained three companies. Ils infantry or- ganization was under the command of John Pattee, of Iowa City. Under authority from the War Department, these three companies became K, L and M of the Sev- enth Cavalry. The Foktt* Fourth Inpantey was raised in the summer of 1864. Generals Grant and Sherman being actively en- gaged with large armies against the enemy, the Governors of the Northwestern States proposed to the authorities of the War Department to send into the field a consid- erable number of troops for a short term of service, who might relieve others on guard and garrison duty at the rear, and thus be the means of adding largely to the force of drilled and disciplined men at the front. This proposition was, after a time, accepted, and the term of service was es- tablished at 100 days. Gov. Stone accord- ingly issued his proclamation calling for such troops, and the citizens responded with four regiments and one battalion. Because commissions had been issued to persons designated as officers of the Forty- first, Forty-second and Forty-third Regi- ments, which were never organized, how- ever, although considerable was done in the way of their formation, the number of the regiments of 100 days' men commenced -,K* ^i^ niSTORT OF IOWA. Ill •with Forty-four. This regiment was under the command of Colonel Stephen H. Hen- derson, and was mustered in at Davenport, June 1, 1864. The regiment did garrison duty at Memphis and La Grange, Tenn., and was mustered out at Davenport, September 15, 1864. Of 867 officers and men in the Forty fourth, 1 was killed and 18 died. There were no other casualties. The Foety-Fipth Is^fantky was mus- tered in at Keokuk, May 25, 1864, with A. J. Bereman, of Mt. Pleasant, as Colonel; S. A. Moore, of Bloomfield, as Lieutenant- Colonel; and J. B. Hope, of Washington, as Major. This was the first of the regiments of 100 days' men organized; it even preceded the Forty-fourth. It performed garrison duty in Tennessee, and was mustered out at Keokuk, 'Septem- ber 16, 1864. Of 912 officers and men, 2 were killed, 19 died, 1 wounded, and 2 were transferred. Tub FoETT-SixTn Ixfantet was organ- ized with D. B. Henderson, of Clermont, as Colonel; L. D. Durbin, of Tipton, as Lieutenant-Colonel; and G. L. Tarbet as Major. It was mustered in at Dubuque, June 10, 1864. The Forty-sixth performed garrison duty in Tennessee, and was mustered out at Davenport, September 23, 1864. Of its 892 officers and men, 2 were killed, 24 died, 1 was wounded, and 3 were captured. The FoETY-SiivBifTH Infantet was mustered into the service of the United States at Davenport, June 1, 1864, with James P. Sanford, of Oskaloosa, as Colo- nel; John Williams, of Iowa City, as Lieutenant-Colonel; and G. J. Wright, of Des Moines, as Major. This regiment was stationed at the sickly place of Helena, Arkansas, where many succumbed to disease. Of 884 officers and men, 1 was killed, 46 died, and 1 was transferred. The Foett-Eighth Ijtfantey (Bat- talion) was mustered into the United States service at Davenport, July 13, 1864, , with O. H. P. Scott, of Farmington, as Lieutenant-Colonel. The battalion served its time guarding rebel prisoners on Rock Island, in the Mississippi river, opposite Davenport. It was mustered out at Rock Island barracks, October 21, 1864. Of 34U officers and men, 4 died and 4 were trans- ferred. The services of these 100-days' men were of great value to the national cause. They were acknowledged by the President of the United States, in a special execu- tive order, returning his hearty thanks to officers and men. The First Cavaley was organi:5ed in the spring of 1861, with Fritz Henry War- ren, of Burlington, as Colonel; Charles E. MosB, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant-Colonel; E. W. Chamberlain, of Burlington, James O. Gower, of Iowa City, and W. M. G. Torrence, of Keokuk, as Majors. The regiment was engaged at Pleasant Hill, Mo., RoUa, New Lexington, Elkin's Ford, Little Rock, Bayou Metoe, Warrens- burg, Big Creek Bluffs, Antwineville, and ' Clear Creek. The regiment veteranized in the spring of 1864. It did not take the , usual 30 days' furlough until 3Iay, for their services were needed in the field, and they , O' a ) \ ^ 112 HISTORY OF IOWA. gallantly volunteered to remain. After the war was closed the First served in Texas, with Gen. Custer, until its muster- out, February 15, 1866. Of 1,478 officers and men, 43 were killed, 215 died, 20T were discharged, 88 were wounded, 2 were missing, 22 were captured, and 39 were transferred. The Secokd Cavalet was organized with W. L. Elliott, a Captain in the third cavalry of the regular army, as Colonel; Edward Hatch, of Muscatine, as Lieuten- ant-Colonel; and N. P. Hepburn, of Mar- shalltown, D. E. Coon, of Mason City, and H. W. Love, of Iowa City, as Majors. The regiment was mustered in at Daven- port, September 1, 1861. The Second participated in the siege of Corinth, the battles of Farmington, Boone- ville, Rienzi, luka, Corinth, CofEeeville, Palo Alto, Birmingham, Jackson, Grenada, Collierville, Moscow, Pontotoc, Tupelo, Old Town, Oxford and Nashville. The regiment performed active and arduous service all through the war, and so often distinguished itself as to become well known throughout the nation. It was mustered out at Selma, Ala., September 19, 1865. Of its 1,394 officers and men, 41 were killed, 224 died, 147 were dis- charged, 173 were wounded, 10 were missing, 74 were captured and 42 were transferred. The TniED Cavalet was mustered in at Keokuk, August and September, 1861, with Cyrus Bussey, of Bloomfield, as Colonel; H. H. Trimble, of Bloomfield, as Lieutenant-Colonel; and C. H. Perry, H. C. Caldwell and W. C. Drake, of Cory- don, as Majors. The Third was engaged at Pea Eidge, La Grange, Sycamore, near Little Rock, Columbus, Pope's Farm, Big Blue, liipley, Coldwater, Osage, Talla- hatchie, Moore's Mill, near Montevallo, near Independence, Pine BlufE, Bott's Farm, Gun Town, "White's Station, Tupelo and Village Creek. The regiment was raised by Hon. Cyrus Bussey, who, in his call for volunteers, requested each man to bring with' him a good cavalry horse to sell to the Government. In two weeks he had a thousand men well mounted, in the rendesvous at Keokuk. In" order to still further hasten matters. Colonel Bussey personally contracted in Chicago for equipments. In this way the delay exper- ienced by other regiments in' preparing for the field was entirely avoided. The regi- ment took an active part in many battles and raids, and always behaved with dis- tinguished gallantry. Was mja^tered out at Atlanta, Ga., August 9, 1865. Of 1,360 officers and men, 65 were killed, 251 died, 311 were discharged, 166 were wounded 1 was missing, 146 were captured and 34 were transferred. The Foubth Cavalet was organized and mustered into the service of the United States at Mt. Pleasant, November 21, 1861, with Asbury B. Porter, of Mt. Pleasant, as Colonel; Thomas Drummond, of yintOD, as Lieutenant-Colonel; and S. D. Swan, of Mt. Pleasant, J. E. Jewett, of DesMoines, and G. A. Stone, of Mt. Pleasant, as Majors. The Fourth fought bravely, and lost men at every one of the following engagements: Gun Town, Miss., Helena, Bear Creek, Memphis, Town Creek, Columbus, Mechaniosbnrg, Little i) "i^ tHi-ti.. J^M^*^ [\iL^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 113 Blue river, Brownsville, Ripley, Black River Bridge, Grenada, Tupelo, Yazoo River, White River, Osage, Lock Creek, Okalona, and St. Francis River. The Fourth was one of the bravest and most successful regiments in the field, and its services were of the utmost value to the Union arms. It was mustered out at Atlanta, Ga.. August 10, 1865. Of 1,227 officers and men, 44 were killed, 207 died, 241 were discharged, ll9 were wounded, 3 were missing, 94 were cap- tured, and 35 were transferred, .^.^s.. , The J7ifth Cavalet was but in part an Iowa regiment. The States of Minnesota and Missouri and the Territory of Ne- braska were largely represented; but as Iowa had the most, it was designated as an Iowa regiment. It was organized and mustered into the service at Omaha, with Wm. W. Lowe, of the regular army, as Colonel; M. T. Patrick, of Omaha, as Lieu- tenant-Colonel; and Carl Sohaeffer de Bern- stein, a German baron, Wm. Kelsay and Alfred B. Brackett as Majors. This regi- ment was engaged at the second battle of Fort Donelson, Wartrace, Duck River Bridge, Sugar Creek, Newman,Camp Creek, Cumberland works, Tenn., Jonesboro, Ebe- nezer Church, Lockbridge's Mills, Pulaski and Cheraw. The gallant Fifth was in many situations requiring the greatest coolnes and courage, and always acquitted itself with high honor. At one time the regiment was surrounded by rebels, and the Colonel in charge of the brigade had escaped with two other regiments to the Union lines, reporting the Fifth all killed or captured. But the result was far from that. At the critical time the brave Major Young, afterward the Colonel of the regi- ment, thundered out in the still night air, "The Fifth Iowa is going straight through; let the brave follow!" Then came the single word of command, "Forward 1 " and when they reached the rebel lines, "Charge 1 " Fifteen hundred troopers dashed at full speed over the bodies of the surprised rebels,, and escaped to the Union lines with the loss of but 15 men. The regiment was finally mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., August 11, 1865.. Of its 1,245 officers and men, 47 were killed, 141 died, 224 were discharged, 56 were wounded, 217 were captured and 17 were transferred. • The Sixth Cavalbt was organized and mustered in at Davenport, January 31, 1863, with D. S. Wilson, of Dubuque, as Colonel; S. M. Pollock, of Dubuque, as Lieutenant-Colonel, and T. H. Shepherd, of Iowa City, E. P. TenBroeck, of Clin- ton, and A. E. House, of Delhi, as Majors. This regiment was employed on the frontier against the Indians, and did excel- lent service. Their principal engagement was the battle of White Stone Hill, in which they severely punished a band of hostiles. The Sixth was mustered out at Sioux City, October 17, 1865. Of 1,125 officers and men, 19 were killed, 72 died, 89 were discharged, 19 were wounded and 7 were transferred. The Seventh Cavalry was organized and mustered into the service at Daven- port, April 27, 1863, with S. W. Summers, of Ottumwa, as Colonel; John Pattee, of Iowa City, as Lieutenant-Colonel, and H. H. Heath and G. M. O'Brien, of Dubuque, and John S. Wood, of Ottumwa, as Majors. ~e> "^ 114 HISTOET OF IOWA. This regiment also served against the Indians in the West. It fought bravely in many battles, and won the lasting grati- tude of the people of the West. It was mustered out at Leavenworth, Kan., May 17, 1866, except Companies K, L and M, which were mustered out ai Sioux City, June 22, 1866. Of its 562 officers and men, 47 were killed, 101 died, 252 were discharged, 8 were wounded and 9 were transferred. The Eighth Ca valet was recruited by Lieutenant Dorr, of the Twelfth Infantry. As the result of his- energy, 2,000 were soon enlisted for the Eighth. Some 300 were rejected, 450 were turned over to the' Ninth Cavalry and about 75 to the Fourth Battery. The Eighth was organized with Joseph B. Dorr, of Dubuque, as Colonel; H. G. Barner, of Sidney, as Lieutenant- Colonel; John J. Bowen, of Hopkinton; J. D. Thompson, of Eldora, and A. J. Price, of Guttenberg, as Majors; and was mustered into the United States service, at Davenport, September 30, 1863. This regiment served gallantly in guard- ing Sherman's communications, and at the battles of Lost Mountain, Lovejoy's Sta- tion, Newman and Nashville. It partici- pated in Stoneman's cavalry raid round Atlanta, and Wilson's raid through Ala- bama* After the close of hostilities and before the muster-out. Col. Dorr died of disease. He was much beloved by his command, and highly respected at home, where he had been an able editor. The Eighth was mustered out at Macon, Ga., August 13, 1865. Of its 1,234 officers and men, 30 were killed, 106 died, 67 were dis- charged, 87 were wounded, 2 were missing, 259 were captured and 22 were transferred. The Ninth Cavalet was the last three years' regiment recruited in Iowa. It was organized and mustered into the service of the United States, at Davenport, Novem- ber 30, 1863, with M. M. Trumbull, of Cedar Falls, as Colonel; J. P. Knight, of Mitchell, as Lieutenant-Colonel; E. T, Ensign, of DesMoines, Willis Drummond, of McGregor, and William Haddock, of Waterloo, as Majors. The regiment performed heavy scout- ing, guard and garrison duties in Ar- kansas, for the small part of the war after it was organized. It was mustered out at Little Eock, Ark., February 28, 1866. Of its 1,178 officers and men, 6 were killed, 178 died, 64 were discharged, 15 were wounded, 1 was captured and 11 were transferred. The Fiest Battekt oe" Light Abtil- LEET was enrolled in the counties of Wa- pello, DesMojnes, Dubuque, JefEerson, Black Hawk and others, and was mustered into the service at Burlington, August 17, 1861, with C. H. Fletcher, of Burlington, as Captain; was engaged at Pea Ridge, Port Gibson, in the Atlanta campaign, at Chickasaw Bayou, Lookout Mountain, etc.; was mustered out at Davenport, July 5, 1865. Of 149 members, 7 were killed, 55 died, 35 were discharged, 31 were wounded and 3 transferred. The Second Battery was enrolled in the counties of Dallas, Polk, Harrison, Fremont and Pottawatamie, and mustered in at Council Bluffs, and at St. Louis, Aug- ;f* ^t HISTORY OF IOWA. 115 ust 8 and 31," 1861, with Nelson I. Spoor, of Council Bluffs, as Captain. The bat- tery was engaged at Farmington, Corinth, and other places. Was mustered out at Davenport, August 1, 1865. ,0f a total of 123 officers and men, 1 was killed, 30 died, 16 were discharged, 15 were wounded, 1 was captured, and 6 were transferred. The Third Batteet was enrolled in the counties of Dubuque, Black Hawk, Butler and Floyd, and was mustered into the service at Dubuque, in September, 1861, with M. M. Hayden, of Dubuque, as Captain. The battery was engaged at Pea Ridge and other important battles. Was mustered out at Davenport, October 23, 1865. Of 142 officers and men, 3 were killed, 34 died, 28 were discharged, and 18 were wounded. The FomtTH Batteet was enrolled in Mahaska, Henry, Mills and Fremont coun- ties, and was mustered in at Davenport, November 23, 1863. This battery was on duty most of the time in Louisiana, but did not serve in any important battles. Was mustered out at Davenport, July 14, 1865. Of 162 officers and men, 6 died, 11 were discharged, and 1 was transferred. The Iowa Regiment of Coloebd Tboops was organized and mustered into the ser- vice of the United States, October 23, 1863. John G. Hudson, Captain Company B, Thirty-third Missouri, was Colonel; M. F. Collins, of Keokuk, was Lieut.-Colonel; and J. L. Murphy, of Keokuk, was Major. This regiment was afterward the Sixtieth Regiment of United States Colored Troops. It was not called upon to fight, but it per- formed valuable guard and garrison duties at St. Louis and elsewhere Soath. The Noetheen Bobbeb Bbigade was organized by the State of Iowa to protect the Northwestern frontier. James A. Saw- yer, of Sioux City, was elected Colonel. It consisted of five companies, all enlisted from the northwestern counties. The Southern Boedee Beigade was organized by the State for the purpose of protecting the southern border of the State, and was organized in the counties on the (border of Missouri. It consisted of seven companies in three battalions. PEOMOTIONS. The following promotions were made by the United States Government from Iowa regiments : MAJOK-GENERALS. Samuel II. Curtis, Brigadier-General, frcm March 21, 1862. Frederick Steele, Brigadier-Qeneral, from No- vember 39, 1862. Frank J. Herron, Brigadier-General, from No- vember 29, 1863. Grenvillo M. Dodge, Brigadier-General, from June 7, 1864. BRTGADIEK-GENBEALS. Samuel R. Curtis, Colonel 2d Infantry, from May 17, 1861. Frederick Steele, Colonel Sth Infantry, from February 6, 1862. Jacob G. Lanman, Colonel 7th Infantry, from March 21, 1863. Grenville M. Dodge, Colonel 4th Infantry, from March 31, 1863. James M. Tuttle, Colonel 2d Infantry, from June 9, 1863. r ^ lie HISTORY OF IOWA. "Washington L. Elliot, Colonel 2(1 Cavalry, from June 11, 1863. Fitz Henry Warren, Colonel 1st Cavalry, from July 6, 1863. Frank J. Herron, Lieut. -Colonel 9lh Infantry, from July 30, 19G3. Charles L. Miitthies, Colonel 5th Infantry, from November 39, 1803. William Vandever, Colonel 9th Infantry, from November 29, 1862. Marcel] us M. Crocker, Colonel 13th Infantry, from November 29, 1862. Hugh T. Reid, Colonel 15th Infantry, from March 13, 1863. Samuel A. Rice, Colonel 33d Infantry, from August 4, 1863. John M. Corse, Colonel 6th Infaotry, from August 11, 18G3. Cyrus Bussey, Colonel 3d Cavalry, from Jan- uary 5, 1864. Edward Hatch, Colonel 3d Cavalry, from April 27. 1864. Elliott W. Rice, Colonel 7th Infantry, from June 20, 1864. Wm. W. Belknap, Colonel 5lh Infantry, from July 30, 1864. Jjhn Edwards, Colonel 18th Infantry, from September 26, 1864. James A. Williamson, Colonel 4th Infantry, from January 13, 1864. James I. Gilbert, Colonel 27th Infantry, from February 9, 1865. Thomas J. McKean, from November 21, 1861. BRBYET MAJOB-GEITEIIALS. John M. Corse, Brigadiei-Gencral, from Octo- ber 5, 1864. Edward Hatch, Brigadier- General, from De- cember 15, 1864. ■William W. Belknap, Brigadier-General, from March 13. 1865. W. L. Elliott, Brigadier General, from March 33, 1865. Wm. Vandever, Brigadier-General, from June 7, 18G5. BBEVET BRIOADIETl-GENEHALS. Wm. T. Clark, A.A.G., late of 13lU Infantry, from July 23, 1864. Edward F. Winslow-, Colonel 4th Cavalry, from December 13, 1864. S. G. Hill, Colonel 35th Infantry, from Decem- ber 15, 1864. Thos. H. Benton, Colonel 29th Infantry, from December 15, 1864. Samuel S. Glasgow, Colonel 23dlnfanti7, from December 19, 1864. Clark R. Weaver, Colonel 17th Infantry, from February 9, 1865. Geo. A. Stone, Colonel 25th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. Francis M. Drake, Lieut. -Colonel 36ih Infant- ry, from February 23, 1865. Datus E. Coon, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from March 8. 1865. George W. Clark, Colonel 31th Infantry, from March 13, 1863. Herman H. Heath, Colonel 7th Cavalry, from March 13, 1865. J. M. Hedrick, Colonel 15th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. W. W. Lowe, Colonel 6th Cavalry, from March 3. 1865. ^ s r- » "*y jy a i^ thL^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 117 CHAPTER IX, EDUCATIOXAt — STATE nfSTITUTIOirS. The people of Iowa have fever taken a deep interest in education, and in this direction no State in the Union can show a better record. The system of f lue pub- lic schools was planted by the early set- tlers, and it has expanded and improved until now it is one of the most complete, comprehensive and liberal in the country. In the lead-mining regions of the State, the first to be settled by the whites, the hardy pioneers provided the means for the education of their children even before they had comfortable dwellings for them- selves. School teachers were among the first immigrants to Iowa. Wherever a little settlement was made, the school house was the first thing undertaken by the settlers in a body, and the rude, primi- tive structures of the early time only dis- appeared when the coi^munities increased in population and wealth, and were able to replace them with more commodious and comfortable buildings. Perhaps in no single instance has the magnificent pro- gress of the State of Iowa been more marked and rapid than in her common school system and in her school houses. To-day the school houses which every- where dot the broad and fertile prairies of Iowa are unsurpassed by those of any other State in this great Union. More especially is this true in all her cities and villages, where liberal and lavish appro- priations have been voted by a generous people for the erection of large, commodi- ous and elegant buildings, furnished with all the modern improvements, and costing from $10,000 to $60,000 each. The people of the State have expended more than $10,000,000 for the erection of public school buildings. The first school house within the limits of Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, built by J. L. Langworthy, and a few other miners, in the autumn of 1833. When it was completed, George Cabbage was em- ployed as teacher during the winter of 1833-4, and thirty-five pupils attended his school. Barrett Whittemore taught the school term, with twenty-five pupils in at- tendance. Mrs. Caroline Dexter com- menced teaching in Dubuque in March, 1836. She was the first female teacher there, and probably the first in Iowa. In 1839, Thomas H. Benton, Jr., afterward for ten years Superintendent of Public Instruction, opened an English and classi- cal school in Dubuque. The first tax for the support of schools at Dubuque was levied in 1840. At Burlington, a commodious log school house, built in 1834, was among the first buildings erected. A Mr. Johnson taught the first school in the winter of 1834-5. ^1 fe^. 118 HISTORY OF IOWA. In Scott county, in the winter of 1835-6, Simon Crazin taught a four-months term of school in the house of J. B. Chamberlinv In Muscatine county, the first school was taught by George Bumgardner, in the spring of 1837. In 1839 a log school house was erected in Muscatine, which served for a long time as school house, church and public hall. The first school in Davenport was taught in 1838. In Fairfield, Miss Clarissa Saw- yer, James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839. Johnson county ^as an entire wilder- ness when Iowa City was located as the capital of the Territory of Iowa, in May, 1839. The first sale of lots took place ' August 18, 1839, and before January 1, 1840, about twenty families had settled within the limits of the town. Daring the same year Mr. Jesse Berry opened a school in a small frame building he bad erected on what is now College street. In Monroe county, the first settlement was made in 1843, by Mr. John E. Gray, about two miles from the present site of Eddyville; and in the sammer of 1844 a log school house was built by Gray, Wm. V. Beedle, C. Eenfro, Joseph McMullen and Willoughby Randolph, and the first school was opened by Miss Urania, Adams. The building was , occupied for Bohool purposes for nearlyten years. \ About a year after the first^ cabin was , built at Oskaloosa, a log school house was built, in which i school- was f opened by Samuel W. Caldwell, in 1844. \, At Fort DesMoines^laiow the* capital of s the State, the first school was taught by f- Lewis Whitten, Clerk of the District • Court, in the winter of 184&-'7, in one of the rooms on "Coon Row," built for barracks. The first school in Pottawattamie county was opened by George Green, a Mormon, at Council Point, prior to 1849; and until about 1854 nearly all the teachers in that vicinity were Mormons. The first school in Decorah was taught in 1855, by Cyrus C. Carpenter, since Gov- ernor of the State. In Crawford county the first school house was built in Mason's Grove, in 1850, and Morris McIIenry first occupied it as teacher. During the first twenty years of the his- tory of Iowa, the log school house pre- vailed, and in 1861 there were 893 of these primitive structures in use for school pur- poses in the State. Since that time they have been gradually disappearing. In 1865 there were 796; in 1870, 336; and in 1875, 121. January 1, 1839, the Territorial Legisla- ture passed an act providing that " there shall be established a common school, or schools, in each of the counties ;in this Territory; which shall be open and free for ever^ class of white citizens between the ages of five and twenty-one years." The second section of the act provided that "the County Board shall, from time to time, form school districts in their respec- tive counties, whenever a petition may be presented for the purpose by a majority of the voters resident within such contem- plated district." These districts were governed by boards of trustees, usually of three persons; each district was required to maintain school at least three months in every year; and later, laws were enacted providing for county school taxes for the payment of teachers, and that whatever =^1^ -# -S> 1^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 119 additional sum might be required should be assessed upon the parents sending, in proportion to the length of time sent. Iti 1846, tha year of Iowa's admission as a State, there were 20,000 scholars, out of 100,000 inhabitants. About 400 school districts had been organized. In 1850 there was 1,200, and in 1857 the number had increased to 3,265. In March, 185S, upon the recommenda- tion of Hon. M. L. Fisher, then Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, the Seventh General Assembly enacted that " each civil township is declared a school dis- trict," and provided that these should be divided into sub-districts. This law went into force March 20, 1858, and reduced the number of school districts from about 3,500 to less than 900. This change of school organization resulted in a very material reduction of the expenditures for the compensation of district secretaries and treasurers. An effort was made for several years, from 1867 to 1872, to abolish the sub-district system. Mr. Kissell, Superintendent, recommended this in his report of January 1, 1872, and Governor Merrill forcibly endorsed his views in his annual message. But the Legislature of that year provided for the formation of independent districts from the sub-districts of district townships. , The system of graded schools was inaugurated in 1849, and new schools, in which more than one teacher is employed, are universally graded. Teachers' institutes were organized early in the history of the State. The first oflScial mention of them occurs in the annual report of Hon. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., made December 2, 1850, who said; "An institution of this character was organized a few years ago, composed of the teachers of the mineral regions of Illinois, Wiscon- sin and Iowa. An association of teachers has also been formed in the county of Henry, and an effort was made in October last to organize a regular institute in the county of Jones." At that time, although the beneficial influence of these institutes was admitted, it was urged that the ex- penses of attending them was greater than teachers with limited compensation were able to bear. To obviate" this objection, Mr. Benton recommended that " the sum of $150 should be appropriated aniiually for three years, to be drawn in installments of $50 by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and expended for these insti- tutions." He proposed that three institutes should be held annually at points to be designated by the superintendent. The expense of this would be trifling, and all recognized the benefits to be derived; and yet no legislation was had until March, 1853, when an act was passed authorizing the holding of teachers' insti- tutes for periods not less than six working days, whenever not less than 30 teachers should desire. The superintendent was authorized to expend not exceeding $100 for any one institute, to be paid out by the county superintendent, as the institute might direct, for teachers and lecturers, and $1,000 was appropriated to defray the expenses of these institutes. Mr. Fisher at once pushed the matter of holding institutes, and December 6, 1858, he reported to the Board of Education that institutes had been appointed in 20 counties within the preceding six months, and more would have been held but the ^: <2 L- 4 120 HISTOEY OF IOWA. appropriation had been exhausted. At the first session of the Board of Education, commencing December 6, 1858, a code of school laws was enacted, which retained the existing provisions for teachers' insti- tutes. In March, 1860, the General Assembly amended the act of the Board by appro- priating "a sum not exceeding $50 annually for one such institute, held as provided by law in each county." In 1865, the super- intendent, Mr. Faville, reported that "the provision made by the State for the benefit of teachers' institutes had never been so fully appreciated, both by the people and the teachers, as during the last two years." By an act approved March 19, 1874, normal institutes were established in each county, to be held annually by the county superintendents. This was regarded a very decided step in advance by Mr. Abernethy, and in 1876 the General Assembly estab- lished the first permanent State Normal School, at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk county, appropriating the building and property of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place for that purpose. This school is now "in the full tide of successful experiment." The present public school system is ad- mirably organized, and if the various offi- cers who are entrusted with educational interests of the commonwealth continue faithful and competent, should and will constantly improve. Funds for the support of public schools are derived in several ways. The 16th section of every congressional township was set apart by the General Government for school purposes, being one-thirty-sixth part of all the lands in the State. The minimum price of these lands was fixed at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre. Congress also made an additional donation to the State of 500,000 acres, and an ap- propriation of five per cent, on all the sales of public lands to the school fund. The State gives to this fund the proceeds of the sales of all lands which escheat to it; the proceeds of all fines for the viola- tion of the liquor and criminal laws. The money derived from these sources consti- tutes the permanent school fund of the State, which cannot be diverted to any other purpose. The penalties collected by the courts for fines and forfeitures go to the school fund in the counties where col- lected. The proceeds of the sale of these lands and the five per cent, fund go into the State treasury, and the State distributes these proceeds to the several counties accord- ing to their request, and the cotinties loan the money to individuals, for long terms, at eight per cent, interest, on security of land valued at three times the amount of the loan, exclusive of all buildiugs and im- provements thereon. The interest on these loans is paid into the State treasury, and becomes the available school fund of the State. The counties are responsible to the State for all money so loaned, and the State is likewise responsible to the school fund for all moneys transferred to the counties. The interest on these loans is apportioned by the State Auditor semi- annually to the several counties of the State, in proportion to the number of per- sons between the ages of five and twenty- one years. The counties also levy an annual tax for school purposes, which is apportioned to the several district townships in the same way. A district tax is also levied for the same purpose. The money . ■^ ;f* :i ^l^. HISTORY OF IOWA. 121 arising from these several sources consti- tutes the support of the public schools, and is sufficient to enable every sub-district in the State to afford from six to nine months' school each year. The burden of direct taxation is thus lightened, and the efficiency of the schools increased. The taxes levied for the sup- port of the schools are self-imposed. Un- der the admirable school laws of the State, no taxes can be legally assessed or col- lected for the erection of school houses until they have been ordered by the elec- tion of a district at a school meeting legally called. The school houses of Iowa are the pride of the State and an honor to the people. If they have been built some- times at a prodigal expense, thd tax-payers have no one to blame but themselves. The teachers' and contingent funds are determined by the Board of Directors, under certain legal instructions. These Boards are elected annually, except in the independent districts, in which the Board may be entirely changed every three years. The only exception to this mode of levy- ing taxes for support of schools is the county school tax, which is determined by the County Board of Supervisors. The tax is from one to three mills on the dol- lar; usually, however, but one. In 1881 there were in the. State 4,339 school districts, containing 11,244 schools, and employing 21,776 teachers. The average monthly pay of male teachers was $32.50, and of female teachers $27.25. There were 594,730 persons of school age, of whom 431,513 were enrolled in the public schools. The average cost of tuition for each pupil per month was $1.62. The expenditures for all school purposes was $5,129,819.49. The permanent school fund is now $3,547,123.82, on which the income for 1881 was $234,622.40. In each county a teachers' institute is held annu- ally, under the direction of the county superintendent, the State contributing annually $50 to each of these institutes. THE STATK UNIVERSITT. By act of Congress, approved July 20, 1840, the Secretary of the Treasury was authorized to "set apart and reserve from sale, out of any of the public lands within the Territory of Iowa not otherwise claimed or appropriated, a quantity of land not ex- ceeding two entire townships, for the use and support of a University within said Territory when it becomes a State." The first General Assembly, therefore, by act approved February 25, 1847, established the "State University of Iowa," at Iowa City, then the Capital of the State. The public buildings and other property at Iowa City, were appropriated tfl the University, but the legislative sessions and State offices were to be held in them until a permanent location for a Capital was made. The control and management of the University were committed to a board of fifteen trustees, to be appointed by the Legislature, and five were to be chosen every two years. The Superintendent of Public Instruction was made President of this Board. The organic act provided that the University should never be under the control of any religious denomination whatever; and that as soon as the revenue from the grant and donations should amount to $2,000 a year, the University should commence and continue the instruc- tion, free of charge, of fifty students annu- • "^ s~ :nr t^ 122 HISTORY OP IOWA. ally. Of course the organization of the University at Iowa City was impracticable, so long as the seat of government was re- tained there. In January, 1849, two branches of the University anrl three normal schools were established. The branches were located at Fairfield and Dubuque, and were placed upon an equal footing, in . respect to funds and all other matters, with the University at Iowa City. At Fairfield, the Board of Directors organized and erected a building at a cost of $2,500. This was nearly de- stroyed by a hurricane the following year, but was rebuilt more substantially by the citizens of Fairfield. This branch never received any aid from the State, and, Jan- uary 24, 1853, at the request of the Board, the General Assembly terminated its rela- tion to the State. The branch at Dubuque had only a nominal existence. The normal schools were located at An- drew, Oskaloosa and Mt. Pleasant. Each was to be govefned by a Board of seven Trustees, to be appointed by the Trustees of the University. Each was to receive $500 annually from the income of the Uni- versity fund, upon condition that they should educate eight common-school teach- ers, free of charge for tuition, and that the citizens should contribute an equal sum for the erection of the requisite buildings. The school at Andrew was organized No- vember 21, 1849, with Samuel Ray as Principal. A building was commenced, and over $1,000 expended on it, but it was never completed. The school at Oskaloosa was started in the court house, September 13, 1852, under the charge of Prof. G. M. Drake and wife. A two-story brick build- ing was completed in 1853, cpsting $2,473. The school at Mt. Pleasant was never or- ganized. Neither of these schools received any aid from the University fund, but in 185'? the Legislature appropriated $],000 for each of the two schools, and repealed the laws authorizing the payment to them of money from the University fund. From that time they made no further effort to continue in operation. From 1847 to 1855, the Board of Trus- tees was kept full by regular elections by the Legislature, and the trustees held fre- quent meetings, but there was no actual organization of the University. In March, 1S55, it was partially opened for a term of 16 weeks. July 16, 1855, Amos Dean, of Albany, N. T., was elected President, but he never entered fully upon its duties. The University was again opened in Sep- tember, 1855, and continued in operation until June, 1856, under Professors John- son, Welton, Van Valkenburg and Griflin. The faculty was then re-organized, with some changes, and the University was again opened on the third Wednesday of September, 1856. There were 124 students (83 males and 41 females) in attendance during the years 1856-7, and the first regu- lar catalogue was published. At a special meeting of the Board, Sep- tember 22, 1857, the -honorary degree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred on D. Franklin Wells. This was the first degree conferred by the University. The new constitution, adopted in 1857^ definitely fixed the Capital at DesMoines, the State University at Iowa City, and pro- , vided that it should have no branches. In December of that year, the old capitol building was turned over to the Trustees of the University. In 1858, $10,000 were n^ M^: l]^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 123 appropriated for the erection of a board- ing hall. The Board closed the University April 27, 1858, on account of insufficient funds, and dismissed all the faculty except Chancellor Dean. At the same time a res- olution was passed excluding females. This was soon after reversed by the G eneral Assembly. The University was re-opened Septem- ber '19, 1860, and from 'this date the real existence of the University dates. Mr. Dean had resigned before this, and Silas Totten,D.D.,LL.D., was elected President, at a salary of $2,000. August 19, 1862, he resigned, and was succeeded by Prof. Oli- ver M. Spencer. President Spencer was granted leave of absence for fifteen months to visit Europe. Prof. Nathan R. Leonard was elected President pro tern. President Spencer resigning, James Black, D. D., Vice-President of Washington and JefEer- son College, Penn., was elected President. He entered upon his duties in September, 1868. The Law Department was established in June, 1868, and, soon after, the Iowa Law School, at DesMoines, which had been in successful operation for three years, was transferred to Iowa City and merged in the department. The Medical Department was established in 1869. Since April 11, 1870, the gov- ernment of the University has been in the bands of a Board of Regents. Dr. Black resigned in 1870, to take effect December 1; and March 1, 1871, Rev. George Thatcher was elected Presi- dent. In June, 1874, the chair of military instruction was established, and Lieuten- ant A. D. Schenk, Second Artillery, U. S. A., was detailed by the President of the United States as Professor of Military Science and Tactics. In June, 1877, Dr. Thatcher's connection with the University was terminated, and C. W. Slagle was elected President. He was succeeded in 1878 by J. L. Pickard, LL. D., who is the piresent incumbent. The University has gained a reputation as one of the leading institutions of the West, and this position will doubtless be maintained. The present educational corps consists of the following, besides President Pickard: in the Collegiate De- partment, nine professors and six in- structors, including the Professor of Mili- tary Science; in the Law Department, a chancellor, two professors and four lec- turers; in the Medical Department, eight professors and ten assistant professors and lecturers. No preparatory work is done in the University, but different high schools in the State, with approved courses of study, are admitted as preparatory departments of the University, whose graduates are ad- mitted without examination. Common schools, high schools and university are thus made one connected system. The present number of students in the Collegiate Department is: males, 163; females, 69; total, 232; in Law Depart- ment, 140; in Medical Department, 195. STATE NOBMAL SCHOOL. This is located at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk county, and was opened in 1876. The institution trains teachers for our schools, and is doing excellent, though limited, work. What is wanted is more ~® PV ^1 iiL^ 124 HISTORY OF IOWA. room and increased facilities of every kind. Other institutions of a similar kind should also be established throughout the State. STATE AGRICULTUBAL COLLEGE. The State Agricultural College and Farm were established by act of the Gen- eral Assembly, approved March 23, 1858. The farm was located in Story, county, at Ames. In 1862 Congress granted to Iowa 240,000 acres of land for the endowment of schools of agriculture and the mechani- cal arts. In 1864 the Assembly voted $20,000 for the erection of the college building. In 1866 $91,000 more were appropriated for the same . purpose. The building was completed in 1868, and the institution was opened in the following year. The college is modeled to some extent after Michigan Agricultural Col- lege. Tuition is free to pupils from the State over sixteen years of age. Students are required to work on the model farm two and a half hours each day. The faculty is of a very high character, and the institu- tion one of the best of its kind. Sale of spirits, wine and beer as a beverage is for- bidden by law within three miles of the college. The current expenses of this institution are paid by the income from the permanent endowment. A. S. Welch, LL. D., is President, and is assisted by twelve professors and ■ eight instructors. Whole number of students admitted, 2,600; present number, 240. j The college farm consists of 860 acres, of which 400 are under cultivation. Besides the State University, State Agricultural College and Stjte Normal School, ample provision for higher edu- cation has been made by the different religious denominations, assisted by local and individual munificence. There are, exclusive of State institutions, 23 universi- ties and colleges, 111 academies and other private schools. All these are in active operation, and most of them stand high. A list of the universities and colleges, and a brief notice of each, is herewith given: Amity College is located at College Springs, Page county. S. C. Marshall is President. There are 6 instructors and 225 students. Surlington University is located at Bur- lington, Des Moines county. E. F. Stearns is President of the faculty. There are 5 instructors and 63 students. Gallanan College is located at Des Moines, Polk county. There are 14 in the faculty, of which C. R. Pomeroy is Presi- dent, and 188 students are enrolled. Central University is located at Pella, Marian county. It is an institution of the Baptist denomination. Rev. G. W. Gard- ner is President of the faculty, which numbers 1. There are 196 students. Coe College is located at Cedar Rapids, Linn county. S. Phelps is President. There are 10 in the faculty and 100 students. Cornell College is located at Mt. Vernon, Linn county, and is under the control of the M. E. Church. W. F. King is Presi- . dent. There are 20 instructors and 400 W J — TV _i s hL, HISTORY OF IOWA. 125 students. This college is one of the highest in character, and has a large at- tendance. Drake University/ is located at Des Moines, Polk county. G. T. Carpenter is President, and is ably assisted by 25 in- structors. There are 125 students. Griswold College is located at Daven- port, Scott County, and is under the control of the Episcopal Church. W. S. Perry is President. There are 1 instructors and 80 students. Iowa College is located at Grinnell, Po- weshiek county. G. F. Magoun is Presi- dent. There are 14 instructors and 359 students. The institution is one of the leading colleges in Iowa, and is perma- nently endowed. Iowa Wesleyan University is located at Mt. Pleasant, Henry county,. W. J. Spaulding is President. There are in the faculty, and over 160 students in at- tendance. The University is under the auspices of the M. E. Church, and enjoys a high degree of prosperity. Luther College is situated in Decorah, Winneshiek county. L. Larson is Presi- dent of the faculty, which numbers 10. There are 165 students in attendance. Clin College is located at Olin, Jones county. C. L. Porter is President. Oskaloosa College is situated in Oska- loosa, Mahaska county. G. H. McLaugh- lin is President. The faculty numbers 6, and the students 190. very high. The college stands Penn College is situated in Oskaloosa, Mahaska county. B. Trueblood is Presi- dent of the faculty, which numbers 5. There are 175 students in attendance. Simpson Centenary College is located at Indianola, Warren county. E. L. Parks is President. There are 9 instructors and 150 students. Tabor College is located at Tabor, Fre- mont county. Wm. M. Brooks is Presi- dent. The college was modeled after Oberlin college, in Ohio. The faculty consists of 6, and there are 109 students. Upper Iowa University is located at Fayette, Fayette county, and is under the control of the M. E. Church. Rev. J. W. Bissell is President. There are 1 1 instruc- tors and 850 students. This University stands very high among the educational institutions of the State. University ofDesMoines, at DesMoines, has 5 instructors and 80 students. Whittier College was established at Salem, Henry county, by the Friends. J. W. Coltrane is President. There are 4 instructors and 105 students. Biverside Institute. — This school is located at Lyons, on a beautiful elevation overlooking the Mississippi river." Rev. W. T. Currie is the Principal of this Academy. ^1 9 ^ 126 HISTORY OF IOWA. DEAF AND DUMB INSTITUTB. By an act of the Legislature of Iowa, approved January 24, 1855, the Iowa Insti- tute for the Deaf and Dumb was estab- lished at Iowa City. In 1866 a great effort was made to re- move the Institute to DesMoines; but it was finally permanently located at Council Bluffs, and the school opened in a rented building. In 1868 Commissioners were to locate a site, and superintend the erection of new building, for which the Legisla- ture appropriated $125,000. The Com- missioners selected 90 acres of land two miles south of the city. In October, 18V0,the main building and one wing were completed and occupied. In February, 1877, fire destroyed the main building and east wing, and during the summer following a tornado blew off the roof of the new west wing and the walls were partially demolished. About 150 pupils were in attendance at the time of the fire. After that, half of the class were dismissed, and the number of pupils re- duced to 70. The present officers are: B. F. Clayton, President, Macedonia, term expires in 1886; A. Rogers, Secretary, term expires 1884; John H. ^tubenranch, term expires in 1884. The county superintendent of schools annually reports all persons of school age that are deaf and dumb; also those too deaf to acquire learning in the common schools. The cost per pupil is $28 per quarter, and is paid by the parents or guardian ; but when unable to do so, the expense is borne by the respective county. The regular appropriation is $11,000 per annum, drawn quarterly. Parents and guardians are allowed to clothe their children. The whole number admitted to the Institution is 621. Present number, 221. Last biennial appropriation, $27,839. COLLEGE FOB THE BLIND. The first person to agitate the subject of an Institute for the Blind was Prof. Sam- uel Bacon, himself blind, who, in 1852, established a school of instruction at Keokuk. The next year the Institute was adopted by the State, and moved to Iowa City, by act of the Legislature, approved January 18, 1853, and opened for the re- ception of pupils, April 4, 1858. During the first term 23 pupils were admitted. Prof. Bacon, the Principal, made his first report in 1854, and suggested that the name be changed from "Asylum for the Blind " (which was the name first adopted) to that of " Institution for the Instruction of the Blind." This change was made in 1855, and the Legislature made an annnal appropriation of $55 per qtiarter for each pupil; afterward this appropriation was changed to $3,000 per annum. Prof. Bacon was a fine scholar, an eco- nomical manager, and in every way adapted to his position. During his administration the institution was, in a great measure, self-supporting by the sale of articles manufactured by the blind pupils. There was also a charge of $25 as an admission fee for each pupil. Prof. Bacon founded the Blind Asylum at Jacksonville, Illinois. In 1858 the citizens of Vinton, Benton county, donated a quarter section of land and $5,000 for the establishment of the asylum at that place. On the 8th of May, =#* -i 9 1^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 127 that same year, the trustees met at Vinton and made arrangements for securing the donation, and adopted a plan for the erec- tion of a suitable building. In 1860 the contract for enclosing was let to Messrs. Finkbine and Lovelace, for $10,420. In August, 1862, the goods and furniture were removed from Iowa City to Vinton, and in the fall of the same year the school was opened with 24 pupils. The institution has been built at a vast expenditure of money, much greater than it seemed to require for the number of occupants. The Legislative Committee, who visited the college in 1878, expressed their astonishment at this utter disregard of the fitness of things. They could not understand why $282,000 should have been expended for a massive building for the accommodation of only 130 people, costing the State over $5,000 a year to heat it, and about $500 a year for each pupil. The present officers are: Robert Car- others, Superintendent; T. F. McCune, Assistant Superintendent; Trustees: Jacob Springer, President; M. II. Westbrook, J. F. White, C. O. Harrington, W. H. Leavitt, S. H. Watson. Whole number of occupants, 436. Present number, males, 86; females, 50, Salary of superintendent, $1,200; assistant, $V00; trustees, $4.00 per day and mileage. Annual appropriation, $8,000, and $128 per year allowed for each pupil. Annual meeting of trustees in June. Biennial appropriation in 1880, $3,000. IOWA HOSPITAL TOE THE nTSANB. The Iowa Hospital for the Insane was establisheok by an act of the Legislature, approved January 24, 1855. Gov. Grimes, Edward Johnson, of Lee county, and Chas. S.Blake, of Henry county, were appointed to locate the institution and superintend the erection of the building; $4,4^5 were appropriated by the Legislature for the site, and $500,000 for the building. The commissioners located the institution at Mount Pleasant, Henry county, and a plan of the building was drawn by Dr. Bell, of Massachusetts. The building was designed to accommodate 300 patients, and in Octo- ber work commenced, superintended by Henry Winslow. The Legislature had appropriated $258,555.67 before it was completed. One hundred patients were admitted within three months. In April, 1876, a portion of the building was de- stroyed by fire. From the opening of the Hospital to the close of October, 1877, there were admitted 8,684 patients. Of these, 1,141 recovered, 505 were improved, 589 were discharged unimproved, and 1 died. During this period 1,384 of the pa- tients were females. The trustees are elected by the Legisla- ture, and all officers are chosen by the trustees. Superintendents are chosen for six years. Dr. Eanney was first chosen in 1865; salary, $2,000 annual. Whole number of patients admitted, 4,598; present num- ber males, 298; present number females, 285. Trustees paid $5 per day and mile- age, not to exceed 30 days each year. Annual meeting, first Wednesday in Octo- ber; quarterly, January, April and Sep- tember. Present officers are: Mark Ranney, M. D., Superintendent; H . M . Bassett, M . D . , J. P. Brubaker, M.D., and Max Witte, M . D . , assistant physicians . n^ jy a i_ ±k 128 HISTOET OF IOWA. HOSPITAL FOB THB INSANE, AT INDEPEND- ENCB. The Legislature of 1867-8 adopted meas- ures providing for an additional hospital for the insane, and an appropriation of $125,- 000 was made for that purpose. Maturin L. Fisher, of Clayton county, E. G. Mor- gan, of Webster county, and Albert Clark, of Buchanan county, were appointed com- missioners to locate and superintend the erection of a building. These commis- sioners commenced their labors June 8, 1 8 6 8, at Independence. They were author- ized to select the most desirable location, of not less than 320 acres, within two miles of the city of Independence, that might be offered by the citizens free of charge. They finally selected a site on the west side of the Wapsipinicon river, about a mile from its banks, and about the same distance from Independence. The contract for building was awarded to David Arm- strong, of Dubuque, for $88,114. It was signed November 7, 1868, and work was immediately commenced. George Josse- lyn was appointed superintendent of the work. The first meeting of the trustees was called in July, 1872. At the Septem- ber meeting, Albert Reynolds, M. D., was elected Superintendent of the Hospital; George Josselyn, Steward, and Mrs. Anna B. Josselyn, Matron. TheHospitalopencdMayl,1873. Whole number of patients admitted, 2,000; pres- ent number (1882), 533; males, 290; fe- males, 243. Biennial appropriation (1880), $35,300. The present officers are: G. H. Hill, Superintendent; term expires in 1882; salary, $1,600. H. G. Brainard, M. D., Assistant Superintendent; salary, $1,000. Noyes Appleman, Steward; salary, $900. Mrs. Lucy M. Gray, Matron; salary, $600. BOLDIBRS' OEPnANS' HOME. This institution is located at Davenport, Scott county, and was originated by Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, during the late rebel- lion. This noble woman called a conven- tion at Muscatine, September 7, 1863, for the purpose of devising means for the education and support of the orphan chil- dren of Iowa, whose fathers lost their lives in defending their country's honor. The public interest in the movement was so great that all parts of the State were largely represented, and an association was organized, called the Iowa State Orphan Asylum. The first meeting of the trus- tees was held February 14, 1864, at Des Moines, when Gov. Kirkwood suggested that a home for disabled soldiers should be connected with the Asylum, and arrange- ments were made for raising funds. At the next meeting, in Davenport, the fol: lowing month, a committee was appointed, of which Mr. Howell, of Keokuk, was chairman, to lease a suitable buildin'g, solicit donations, and procure suitable furniture. This committee secured a large brick building in Lawrence, VanBuren county, and engaged Mr. Fuller, of Mount Pleasant, as Steward. The work of prepa- ration was conducted so vigorously that July 13, following, the executive commit- tee announced that they were ready to receive children. Within three weeks 21 were admitted, and in a little more than six months the soldiers' orphans admitted numbered 70. A^ — >-■ ^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 129 Miss M. Elliott, of Washington, was appointed the firsfMatron.but she resigned the foUowiilg February, and was succeeded by Mrs. E. G. Piatt, of Fremont county. The Home was sustained by voluntary contributions, until 1866, when it was taken charge of by the State. The Leg- islature appropriated $10 per month for each orphan actually supported, and pro- vided for the establishment of three homes. The one in Cedar Falls was organ- ized in 1865; an old hotel building was fitted up for it, and by the following Jan- uary there were 96 inmates. In October, 1869, the Home was removed to a large brick building about two miles west of Cedar Falls; and was very prosperous for several years; but in 1876 the Legislature devoted this building to the State Normal School. The same year the Legislature also devoted the buildings and grounds of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home, at Glenwood, Mills county, to an Institution for the Sup- port of Feeble-Minded Children. It also provided for the removal of the^ soldiers' orphans at Glenwood and Cedar Falls Homes to the institution located at Daven- port. The present officers are: S. W. Pierce, Superintendent; Mrs. F.W. Pierce, Matron. Whole number admitted, 1,525; present number, males, 79; females, 90. The 18th Grand Army Corps appropriated $2,000 to build eight cottages, school house and other buildings; these have been completed, and the home will, when finished, accommo- date 200 children. Superintendent's sal- ary, $1,200 per annum. Trustees are elected for two years. ASYLUM FOE FEEBLE-MINDED CHILDEEN. An act of the General Assembly, ap- proved March 17, 1878, provided for the establishment of an asylum for feeble- minded children at Glenwood, .Mills county; and the buildings and grounds of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place were taken for this purpose. The asylum was placed under the management of three trustees, one of whom should be a resident of Mills County. The grounds to be used were found to be in a very dilapidated condition, and thorough changes were deemed necessary. The institution was opened September 1, 1876, and the first pupil admitted Septem- ber 4. By November, 1877, the number of pupils bad increased to 87. The whole number admitted has been 257. Present inmates number 200. PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The first penal institution was estab- lished by an act of the Territorial Legisla- ture, approved January 25, 1839. This act authorized the Governor to draw the sum of $20,000, appropriated by an act of Congress in 1838, for public buildings in the Territory of Iowa. It provided for a Board of Directors, consisting of three persons, to be elected by the Legislature, who should superintend the building of a penitentiary to be located within a mile of the public square, in the town of Fort Madison, county of Lee, provided that the latter deeded a suitable tract of land for the purpose, also a spring or stream of water for the use of the penitentiary. The first directors were John S. David and John Claypole. They were given the power of appointing the warden, the latter ^ JL_- 130 HISTOEY OF IOWA. to appoint his own assistants. The citizens of Fort Madison executed a deed of 10 acres of land for the building, and Amos Ladd was appointed superintendent June 5, 1839. The work was soon entered upon, and the main building and warden's house were completed in the fall of 1841. It continued to meet with additions and im* provements until the arrangements were all completed according to the design of the directors. The estimated cost of the building was $55,933.90, and was designed of sufficient capacity to accommodate 138 convicts. Iowa has adopted the enlightened policy of humane treatment of prisoners, and utilizes their labor for their own support. Their labor is let out to contractors, who pay the State a stipulated sum therefor, the latter furnishing shops, tools, ma- chinery, etc., and the supervision of the convicts. The present officers of the prison are: E. C. McMillen, "Warden, elected 1878 and 1880; Hiel Hale, Deputy Warden; W. C. Gunn, Chaplain; A. W. Hoffmeister, Physician; M. T. Butterfield, Clerk. The whole number of convicts admitted up to the present time (1882) is 3,387. Number of males in 1881, 350; females, 3; number of guards, 03. The Warden is chosen biennially by the Legislature, and receives a salary of $2,000 per annum. ANAMOSA PENITBNTIAET. In 1872 the first steps toward the erec- tion of a prison at Anamosa, Jones county, were taken, and by an act of the General Assembly, approved April 23, this year, William lire, Foster L. Downing and Mar- tin Heisey were appointed commissioners to construct and control prison buildings, They met on the 4th jjf June, following, and selected a site donated by the citizens of Anamosa. The plan, drawings and specifications were furnished by L. W. Foster & Co., of DesMoines, and work on the building was commenced September 28, 1872. In 1873, 20 convicts were trans- ferred from the Fort Madison prison to Anamosa. The officers of the Anamosa prison are: A. E. Martin, Warden; L. B. Peet, Deputy Warden; Mrs. A. C. Merrill, Chaplain; L. J. Adair, Physician; T. P. Parsons, Clerk. The whole number admitted since it was opened is 816. Number of males in 1882, 133; females, 2. Salaries of officers the same as those of the Fort Madison peni- tentiary. BOTS' EEFOSM SCHOOL. By act approved March 31, 1868, the General Assembly established a reform school at Salem, Henry county, and pro- vided for a Board of Trustees, to consist of one person from each Congressional District. The trustees imjrediately leased the property of the Iowa Manual Labor Institute, and October 7 following, the school received its first inmate. The law at first provided for the admission of children of both sexes under 18 years of age. The trustees were directed to organ- ize a separate school for girls. In 1872 the school was permanently located at Eldora, Hardin county, and $45,000 were appropriated for the neces- sary buildings. In 1876 the law was so amended that only children over 7 and under 10 years of age were admitted. 5 >y A^ ^i±, HISTORY OF IOWA. 131 The children are taught the elements of education, in particular the useful branches, and are also trained in some regular course of labor, as is best suited to their age, dis- position and edacity. They are kept until they arrive at majority, unless bound out to some responsible party, which relieves the State of their care. Occasion- ally they are discharged before the age of 21, for good conduct. The institution is managed by five trus- tees, elected by the Legislature. Whole number of boys admitted, 818. There are 204 inmates at present, and also 63 in the girls' department, at Michellville. The biennial appropriation for 1880 was $16,900. BTATB HISTOEICAi BOCIETT. By act of the General Assembly ap- proved Jainuary 28, 1857, a State Historical Society was provided for in connection with the University. At the commence- ment, an appropriation of $230 was made, 10 be expended in collecting and preserv- ing a library of books, pamphlets, papers, paintings and other materials illustrative pi the history of Iowa. There was appro- priated the sum of $500 per annum to maintain this Society. The management consists of a board* of 18 curators, nine appointed by the Governor and nine elected by vote of the Society.' The State Historical Society has pub- lished a series of very valuable collections, including history, biography, sketches, reminiscences, etc., with quite a large number of finely engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers, under the title of "Annals of Iowa." STATB AGBICULTUEAL SOCIETY. This Society is conducted under the auspices of the State, and is one of the greatest promoters of the welfare of the people under the management of the State government. It should receive more pe- cuniary assistance than it does. The Society holds an annual fair, which has occurred at DesMoines since 18l8. At its meetings subjects are discussed of the highest interest and value, and these pro- ceedings are published at the expense of the State. The officers are a President, Vice-Presi- dent, Secretary, and Treasurer and five Directors. The last hold office for two years, and the other officers one year. riSH HATCHHTG-HOUSB, This was established in 1874, and has for its object the supplying of rivers and lakes with valuable fish. The General Assembly first appropriated the sum of $3,000. Three fish commissioners were appointed, and the State is divided into three districts, one for each commissioner. The Hatching-House was erected near Anamosa, Jones county, and is conducted in the same manner as similar houses in other States. Since 1876 there has been but one commissioner, B. F. Shaw. Mr. Shaw is enthusiastic in his work, and has distributed hundreds of thousands of small fish of various kinds in the rivers and lakes of Iowa. The 16th General Assembly passed an act in 1878 prohibiting the catching of any kind of fish except brook trout from March until June of each year. ^f lit 132 HISTORY OF- IOWA. CHAPTER X. POLITICAL. The Territory of Iowa was organized in 1838, and the following Territorial officers were appointed by President VanBuren: Governor, Robert Lucas, of Ohio; Secre- tary of the Territory, William B. Conway; Chief Justice, Charles Mason, of Burling- ton; Associate Justices, Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, and Joseph Williams, of Pennsylvania; Attorney-General, M. Van Allen, of New York; Marshal, Francis Gehon, of Dubuque. The first election was for members of the Territorial Legislature and a delegate to Congress. The Democracy controlled the Legislature by a large majority. The vote on Delegate was as follows. : Wm. W. Chapman, Dem 1,400 TeterH. Engle, Dem 1,454 B.F.Wallace, Whig. 913 David Borer, Den-. 605 Mr. Talliafero 30 The election of 1839 was for members of the Second Territorial Legislature, and created little interest. In 1840, the year of the "hard cider campaign," the interest was awakened, and both parties put in nomination candidates for Delegate to Congress. There was also an election for Constitutional Convention, which was defeated. The vote on Dele- gate was as follows: A. C. Dodse, Dem 4,009—515 Alfred Rich, Whig 3,494 Mr. Churchman 93 The Whigs held a convention in 1841, at Davenport, on the 5th day of May, and adopted the following platform : Whekbas, It has pleased the Governor of the Universe, by one of those inscrutable acts the righteousness of which no man may question, to take from the American people their beloved Chief Slagistrate, William Henry Harrison, and transfer him from this to another, and, we trust, to a better world; therefore, Resolved, That we sincerely mourn over and deplort the loss of one whose services in every department of society have been so pre-emi- nently useful. As a citizen, he was beloved for his rectitude and benevolence; as a soldier, dis- tinfe'uished for his bravery and success; as a statesman, his ability, purity and patriotism were remarkable; as a Christian, he was humbly and pivms. In short, his whole character was made up of traits seldom to be found in men occupying the place in society he filled, and is worthy [^ and its saoriflce of human life; its veto of meas- ures that met the approval of every former Pres- ident; and, worse than all, by its infamous at- tempt to rob of their well-earned laurels, won on the tented field, in the heart of the enemy's country, those who commanded the armies of the Republic, and bring them into unmerited disgrace before the American people,— by this aggregation of misdeeds, has signalized itself as the worst, most selfish and corrupt adminis- tration the United States ever had. Resolved, That, while we concede that it is the duty of every citizen to support his country when engaged in a conflict with a foreign power, yet we equally insist that it is the duty of the people to hold their public servants to a strict accountability, and honestly to condemn what- ever their judgment cannot approve; that we indignantly hurl back the imputation of James K. Polk and his parasites, that the Whig party of the Unicn ar6 wanting in love of country, and deficient in its defense, and in evidence of the patriotism of the Whig party, we proudly point to the commanding generals, the distin- guished officers and the brave soldiers who, in our army in Mexico, have shed luster upon them- selves and renown upon the flag of their counljry . Resolved, That, believins: the war terminated, our convictions require us to declare that the war with Mexico was a war brought on by the Executive, without the apiDrobation of the war- making power, that had the same prudence which governed the administration in its inter- course with Great Britain, relative to the settle- ment of the Oregon question, exercised toward Mexico, a nation whose internal dissensions and weakness demanded our forbearance,_the war w)uld have been averted, and the boundaries between the two nations amicably and satisfac- torily settled. Resolved, That we are in favor of the applica- tion of the principle contained in the Wilmot proviso (so-called), to all territoj'y to be incor- porated into this Union, and are utterly opposed to Uie further extension of slave territory. Resotoed, That our opposition to the sub-treas- ury and the tari£E of 1845 has not been dimin- ished by the evidence furnished us of their oper- ations; that they are twin measures, calculated and designed to depress the free labor of the country, for the benefit of a minority of the people — the o^e operating to lessen the price of labor, and bring down the wages of freemen, and the other throwing open our ports for the introduction of the productions of the pauper labor of Europe, thereby crippling our own man- ufacturers and compelling them either to sacri- fice their laborers or close their business; that the one has failed as a disturbing system of the Government, the administration having been compelled to resort to banks and paper in making their payments, and the other, as a rev- enue measure, has proved entirely inadequate to the support of the ordinary expenses of the Gov- ernment; that the one, by withdrawing from circulation, and shutting up in its vaults a large amount of specie, and the other, by overstock- ing the market with foreign goods, have largely contributed towards, if they have not entirely produced, the present financial difficulties; and that we cannot but foresee that the country will soon be visited, if these measures are continued, with a commercial revulsion aa great and disas- trous as that of 1837. Resolved, That the profession of the adminis- tration of James K. Polk, that it is in favor of, and devoted to, an exclusively metallic currency, while it is issuing millions u;on millions of paper money, in shape of treasury notes, irre- deemable in specie, is an insult to the American people, and deserves the unqualified denuncia- tion of every lover of truth and honesty. ■Resolved, That the great West, whose popula- tion and commerce arc rapidly increasing, bear- ing, as it does, its full proportion of the public burdens, is entitled to some consideration at the hands of the General Government, and to some participation in the Union; that the Mississippi river is to the whole Mississippi Valley what the Atlantic is to the Eastern and the lakes are to the Northern States; that if it is constitutional to clear and improve any harbors in the latter, it is equally constitutional to do the same in the former; that the Eiver and Harbor Bill of the last session of Congress contained only appro- ^ (T" S ">y '.iL: 142 HISTORY OF IOWA. priations for work that had met the approval of Jackson and VanBurcn; that the veto of that measure by the Executive was a high-handed usurpation upon the rights of the people and their representatives, uncalled for and unneces- sary, and that, by that act, James K. Polk proved himself false to the principles of his pre- decessors, and hostile to the future growth and best interests of the TVest. Resolved, That in view of the misrule, venality and infractions of the Constitution which have characterized the present administration, we deem the approaching Presidential election one of the most important that Las occurred since the organization of the Government; that it is necessary to the preservation of the institutions bequeathed to us by our fathers, that there should be a change of rulers as well as a change of measures; that, animated by a sincere desire to promote the welfare and honor of our coun- try, we have determined to buckle on our armor and enlist for the war; and, in the language of one who never faltered in his devotion to his country, we call upon every Whig in Iowa to "Arouse ! Awake ! Shake oflF the dew-drops that glitter on your garments 1" and, in company with your brethren throughout the Union, "Once more march forth to battle and to victory !" Jiesohed, That, although the Whig party of Iowa has expressed a preference for General Taylor as the Whig candidate for President, yet they deem it due to themselves to declare that they commit the whole subject into the hands of the Whig National Convention, and whoever may be the nominee of that body for President, the Whigs of Iowa will give him a cordial sup- port. Resolved, That locofocoism in Iowa has proved itself a faction, "held together by the coercive power of public plunder," and devoid alike of generosity and prir.3iple; that, under cover of an assumed love of law and order, it has under- taken and cast from office a citizen chosen by a large majority of the popular voice, while, at the same time, it is represented in Congress by men elected without the shadow of law; that in foist- ing into the halls of Legislature, men who had no right there, for the purpose of carrying out their own selfish designs, they were guilty of a clear violation of constitutional law, and of usurpation upon the rights of the people; and that the Whig members of the Legislature, by refusing to go into the election of Senators and Supreme Judges, while those individuals exer- cised the functions of Representatives, truly reflected the will of their constituents, and de- serve the thanks of every friend of good gov- ernment. Resolved, That we most cordially commend to the support of the people of Iowa the ticket placed in nomination by this convention, of State officers a;;d electors of President and Vice President; that they are citizens distinguished for their ability, integrity, patriotism and cor- rect moral deportment; and that we pledge to this ticket a full, hearty and zealous co-opera- tion in the ensuing canvass, with the confident assurance that if every Whig does his "duty, his whole duty, and nothing short of his duty," at the ballot-box, they will receive from the people of Iowa a majority of their suffrages. Resolved, That we are watching with deep in- terest the recent movements in Europe, indica- ting as they do, the spread of popular liberty, and the determination on the part of the masses to throw oflF the fetters of despotism and kingly rule; that we joyfully admit into the brother- hood of republicanism the new republic of France, trusting that an all- wise Providence will guide and watch over the destinies of the new government and establish it on a permanent basis; and that to the masses of the other na- tions of Europe, who are now struggling to be free, we tender our warmest sympathies, and bid them a heartfelt God- speed in their efforts to obtain a recognition of their rights and liberties. The Democrats placed the following ticket in nomination at a State convention held June 1st, at Iowa City: Secretary of State, Josiah H. Bonney; Auditor, Joseph T. Fales; Treasurer, Morgan Beno. The official vote showed Bonney to be elected Secretary of State by 1,212 majority, out of a total of 23,522. \^ i 'f- e i^. ihL^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 143 The campaign of 1849 was opened by the Democrats, who met in convention at Iowa City, and nominated William Patter- son, President of Board of Public Works; for Secretary, Jesse Williams; Treasurer, George Gillaspie. The platform adopted by the convention was as follows: Resolved, That, in view of the large interest at stake in the judicious and vigorous prosecution of the public works on the DesMoines river, and in view also of the eflbrts on foot by the "Whig party to obtain the control and direction of the same, by means of a Whig Board of Public Works, it is important that the Democracy of the State should take immediate and energetic steps toward a thorough and complete organiza- tion of the party, and be ready on the day of the election to secure to themselves, by a tri- umphant majority, the choice of the offlceis; and that, while we cordially and unreservedly recommend the nominees of this convention to the confidence and support of the people, we should also take occasion to admonish our friends, that iu union there is strength, and in vigilance, success. Besohed, That this convention has received, with feelings of profound grief, the intelligence of the death of that pure patriot and able states- man, James K. Polk, late President of the United States; and that for bis eminent and distinguished services to his country, for his faithfulness to principle, and for his purity of private life, his memory will ever live in the cherished recoll.ec- tions of the Democracy of the nation, by none more honored than the people of this State. Resolved, That we recur with pride to the tri- umphant success, the splendid achievements, and the imperishable renown of the late admin- istration; and that, while we point to these as the glorious results of past labors, we should re- member that, as they were gained by a strict adherence to honest principles and the adoption of an honest policy, they can be sullied or im- paiied only by a base abandonment of them upon the altar of expediency, or by a disgrace- ful surrender in the form of coward silence. Resolved, That we still adhere as firmly as ever to the principles and measures which dic- tated and governed the course of the late admin- istration; and that we derive a high pleasure from the fact that a Democratic Senate is vouch- safed to us as an impassable barrier between the federal high tarifi', bank and paper policy, hopes and designs of the Drescnt dynasty, and the gold and silver currency, and low taiiff and inde- pendent treasury policy of the people. Resolved, That the administration of Gen. Taylor, as far as it has proceeded upon its mis- sion, has unblushingly falsified every promise and grossly violated every pledge given before the election by its nominal chief; that a party which can go before the country upon one set of issues, and immediately after its installation into power enter upon the practice of another set, is more than ever deserving of the reproba- tion of the world, and of the continued and uncompromising hostility of the Democratic party. Resolved, That General Taylor, for the part which ho hiis played, or has been made to play in this disgraceful game of deception, has dis- played a want of honest principle or weakness of mind and character, which equally disquali- fies him for the place he holds, and fully justi- fies the worst predictions ever made against his fitness for the Presidency; and that, although we may once have admired the soldier in the tented field, we are now reluctantly brought to condemn and to repudiate the cipher in the cabinet of the country. Resolved, That the removals in this State have been made without cause and 'in direct violation of the professions of General Taylor, before the election; and that the appointments which have followed have been made in equal violation of the same professions. Resolved, That the oppointment of a bureau officer from this State, in the person of Filz Henry Warren, is an act deserving the censure and undistinguished condemnation which it is receiving from a large majority of the Whigs of Iowa; and that his retention in office, in the face of these open and emphatic expressions of 9 ^ ^L^ 144 HISTORY OF IOWA. public disgust, is well calculated to prepare the mind of every one to be surprised at nothing, in the way of moral turpitude, ■which may mark the future character of General Taylor's admin- istration. Resolved, That the Democrats who have been removed from office in this State by the federal and prescriptive administration now in power, retire from their respective posts without re- proach from government, and with the unim- paired confidence and respect of the Democracy of the State. Besolved, That we deprecate any separate and sectional organizations, in any portion of the country, having for their object the advocacy of an isolated point involving feeling, and not fact — pride, and not principle, as destructive to the peace and happiness of the people and dan- gerous to the stability of the Union. Resolved,, That inasmuch as the Territories of New Mexico and California come to us free, and are free now by law, it is our desire that they should remain forever free; but that until it is proposed to repeal the laws making the country free, and to erect others in their stead for the extension of slavery, we deem it inexpedient and improper to add to the further distraction of the public mind by demanding, in the name of the Wilmot Proviso, what is already amply secured by the laws of the land. The Whigs met in convention June 30, at Iowa City, where they nominated the following ticket: President of Board, Thomas J. McKean; Secretary, William M. Allison; Treasurer, Henry G. Stewart. The following platform was adopted: Resolved, That this convention has unlimited confidence in the intes^rity, ability and patriotism of the people's President, General Zachary Tay- lor. The illustrious services he has rendered his country in forty years' devotion to her in- terests and her glory in the field, and the abun- dant evidence he has given since his inaugura- tion as Chief Magistrate of the Eepublic, of the possession of eminent administrative talents, afEord a sure guaranty that his administration will be devoted to the highest and best interests of the country, the whole country, and nothing but the country. With such a leader, one who has successfully encountered every danger, whether in front, rear or rank, we may look with confidence to the speedy restoration of the country to her true Republican destiny. Resolved, That, in the opinion of this meet- ing, the recent demonstration of public senti- ment inscribes on the list of executive duties, in characters too legible to be overlooked, the task of reform, and the correction of those abuses which have brought the patronage of the Federal Government into conflict with the freedom of election; and that as vacancies by death are few, by resignation none, the task of reform and the correction of those abuses can be accom- plished only by removal; and we regard the wait- ings of the locofoco press at the salutary and essential changes which the administratiou has seen proper to make, as involving a disregard of the important truth here referred to, and a contempt of the first principles of Democracy. Resolved, That the welfare and interests of the people of Iowa imperatively require an amend- ment 10 the State Constitution, by which the incubus, imposed in some of its provisions upon their resources and prosperity, shall be removed. Resolved, That the people have a right to demand that this question shall be submitted to them for their action, and in the judgment of this convention they will be recreant to their interests if they do not visit their condemnation upon a party that, with professions of Democ- racy perpetually upon its lips, has shown itself in practice to be destitute of the true principles of Democracy. Resolved, That the course of the dominant party of this State, in the late General Assemlily, in its daring assaults upon the most sacred pro- vision of the constitution; in the outrage which it committed against the great principles of civil and religious liberty, in depriving one of the counties of the State, as j), punishment for the free exercise by its voters of the elective fran- chise of the rights of representation, in ex- cluding it from all the judicial districts of the rr^ k. HISTORY OF IOWA. 145 State, and in its flagitious attempt to destroy its orgamzation altogether, and td excommunicate its inliabitants, indiscriminately, from tlie pro- tection of civil society; in its contemptuous refusal to allow the people of the State the priv- ilege of expressing their opinion on the subject of a convention to amend the State constitution; in its refusal to instruct the Senators in Con- gress from this State to favor the policy of the Wilmot Proviso, by excluding the institution of slavery from our newly acquired Territory; in its attempt to create new offices, not demanded by the public Interest, as a sort of pension to partisan favorites— offices which would have im- posed new burdens in the shape of increased taxation without any corresponding benefit,— and in its reckless prodigality of the public money, should consign it to the perpetual con- demnation of a free people. Besolved, That we are opposed to the exten- sion of slavery into territory now free, and that we believe it to be the duty of the Federal Gov- ernment to relieve itself of the responsibility of that institution, wherever it has the constitu- tional authority so to do; and that the legislation necessary to effect those objects should be adopted. Eesolmd, That for the compliment paid to our State, in the appointment of one of our fellow- citizens to the important office of Assistant Postmaster, the President is entitled to our thanks. Besolved, That we commend the ticket pre- sented by this convention to the people of this State for their cordial support. Patterson was elected President over McKean by a majority of 712 out of a total vote of 22,632. The Whigs met in convention May 15, 1850, at Iowa City, and made the follow- ing nominations: Governor, James L. Thompson; Secretary of State, Isaac Cook; Auditor of State, William H. Seevers; Treasurer of State, Evan Jay; Treasurer of Board of Public Works, James Nosier. The resolutions adopted were as follows: Besolved, That every day's experience vindi- cates the sentiment proclaimed by the Whig State Convention last year, that the welfare and interests of the people of Iowa imperatively require an amendment to the State constitution, by which the incubus imported in some of its provisions upon their resources and prosperity shall be removed. Besolved, That the people have a right to de- maud that this question shall be submitted to them for their action, and in the judgment of this convention they will be recreant to their interests if they do not so determine by their votes at the approaching election. Besolved, That we have undiminished confi- dence in the integrity, ability and patriotism of the people's President, General Z. Taylor, and in the wisdom of the polity by him recom- mended to Congress. Besolved, That the Whigs of the country owe it to themselves and the great principles they profess to cherish, to give the President a Con- gress disposed to co-operate with him in his patriotic purposes to serve the country, instead of pursuing a. factious opposition to the bitter end. Besolved, That we cherish an ardent attach- ment to the union of the States, and a firm de- termination to adhere to it at all hazards and to the last extremity. Besolved, That we hail with the highest grati- fication the rising of a new State upon the borders of the Pacific, and that we are in favor of its immediate admission into the family of States upon no other conditions than those im- posed by the constitution of the United States, and untrammelled by any question of Territorial legislation. Besolved, That while we hold it to be -the duty of all to be ready and willing to stand to and abide by the provisions of the constitution of the United States, we are nevertheless free to re- affirm, as we now do, the opinion heretofore ex- pressed by the Whig party in Iowa, that we are in favor of free men, free territory, and free States. ^ i 1) "5. ^1 ^> ,>. 146 HISTOEY OF IOWA. Resolved, That the Surveyor General's office of Wisconsin and Iowa, under the control of the Democratic party, has been, and is, an engine of vast political power, and that its extensive patronage has been used to subserve the interest of that party. We, therefore, re- spectively and earnestly request of the President of the United States the immediate removal of C:H. Booth, Esq., the present incumbent, and the appointment of one who will not use the patronage of this office for political ends. Beaolved, That we cordially recomriend the candidates nominated by this convention, for the various State offices to be filled at the next August election, to the confidence and support of the people of Iowa. The Democrats met at Iowa City June 12, 1850, and nominated the following ticket: Governor, Stephen Hempstead; Secretary of State, G. W. McCIeary; Auditor, Wm. Pattee; Treasurer, Israel Keister; Treasurer Board Public Woiks, George Gillaspie. The following platform was adopted: Resolved, That the events of the past year, having served to demonstrate the soundness and wisdom of the resolutions adopted by the last Democratic State Convention, we re-assert and re-adopt them, as follows: Resolved, That we recur with pride to the tri- umphant success, the splendid achievements and the imperishable renown of the late admin- istration; and that, while we point to these as the glorious results of past labors, we should remember that, as they were gained by a strict adherence to honest principles, and the adoption of an honest policy, they can be sullied or im- paired only by a base abandonment of them upon the altar of expediency, or by a disgrace- ful surrender in the form of a cowardly silence. Resolved, That we still adhere, as firmly as ever, to the principles and measures which dic- tated and governed the course of the late admin- istration; and that we derive a high pleasure from the fact that a Democratic Senate is vouch- safed to us as an impassable barrier between the Federal high-tariflF, bank and paper policy; hopes and designs of the present dynasty, and the gold and silver currency, low taiiff and independent treasury policy of the people. Resolved, That the administration of General Taylor, as far as it has proceeded upon its mis- sion.hasunblushingly falsified every promise and grossly violated every pledge given before the election by its nominal chief; and that a party which .can go before the country upon one set of issues, and immediately after its installation into power enter upon the practice of another set, is more than ever deserving of the reproba- tion of the world, and of the continued and un- compromising hostility of the Democratic party. Resolved, That General Taylor, for the part which he has played, or has been made to play, in this disgraceful game of deception, has dis- played a want of honest principle, or a weakness of mind and character, which equally disquali- fies him for the place he holds, and fully justifies the worst predictions ever made against his fit- ness for the Presidency; and that, although we may have once admired the soldier in the tented field, we are now reluctantly brought to con- demn and to repudiate the cipher in the Cabinet of the country. Resolved, That the removals in this State have been made without cause and in direct violation of the professions of General Taylor before the election; and that the appointments which have followed have been made in equal violation of the same professions. Resolved, That it is as gratifying to the pride as it is creditable^ to the patriotism of the Dem- ocrats of Iowa, that prominent statesmen of all parties, in seeking for a satisfactory adjustment of the difficulties which unfortunately exist be- tween the slave and non-slaveholding States, are found uniting, in main, on the policy of non- intervention; and while they arrogate to them- selves no right to question the course of other States on this subject, they point to the fact, with feelings of unmingled satisfaction, and they, in co-operating with those who are striving t • preserve the Union, are required to "tread no steps backward." :v .^. HISTORY OF IOWA, ^r, 147 Hesolved, That, regarding the preservation of our happy form of government as paramount to all other considerations, and believing that the threatened danger may be averted, we approve of the bill recently introduced into the United States Senate by the Committee of Thirteen, generally known as the "Compromise Bill." Beaolved, That, as this bill authorizes the im- mediate admission of California, organizes the Territories of New Mexico and Utah, provides for the settlement of the Texan boundary ques- tion, enforces the provisions of the constitution with regard to the reclamation of persons escaping from service, and abolishes the slave trade in the District of Columbia, we believe its adoption, as a whole, would be hailed as a peace- offering by an overwhelming majority of the people; nor is our confidence in the wisdom of the measure diminished by the fact that the ultraists of both extremes are found united in opposition to it, but rather increased. ResoVoed, That the late decision of Secretary Ewing, by which the State of Iowa has been robbed of nearly a million of acres of valuable land, and the improvement of her principal interior river, retarded, if not wholly destroyed, is an act which finds no justification in the pre- cedent or usages of the government; that it is a derogation of both the letter and spirit of the act of Congress making the donation, and that, in the name of the people of Iowa, we feel called upon to denounce it as illegal and unjust. Resolved, That this decision, taking away from tlie State, by a Whig administration, the greater portion of a valuable grant, made to it under a Democratic rule, the people of Iowa have suf- fered a wrong which, while they have no alterna- tive but submission, thoy cannot but feel most deeply and sensibly that the administration at Washington is not less responsible for the deci- sion than those -who defend it; and that it is the duty of the Democracy to arraign them at the bar of public opinion at the approaching election for aiding and abetting in crippling the energies of our young and expanding commonwealth. Resolved, that President Taylor's Cabinet have, in the recent Galphin swindle and other specula- tions of the same kind, proven to the world that their promises of retrenchments and reform in the administration of the government were made to deceive the people, and not with the intention of being kept. Resolved, That the present Governor, Secre- tary of State, Auditor andTreasurer, whose terms of office are about to expire, each and all of them, by the honest, efficient and impartial discharge of their duties, deserve the cordial approbation of the people of the State of Iowa. Resolved, That we confidently present the nominees of the convention to the voters of the State of Iowa for their support; and that we, ourselves, will individually use all honorable means to secure their election. The official vote on Governor was as fol- lows: Stephen Hempstead, Dem 13,486 -2,083 James L. Thompson, Whig 11,403 William Penn Clark 575 In 1851, for Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Democrats nominated Thomas H. Benton, while the Whigs sup- ported William G. Woodward, an Inde- pendent candidate. Benton was elected by a majority of 1,-351. In 1852 the Whigs were early in the field, meeting in convention at Iowa City, February 26, and placing in nomination the following ticket: Secretary of State, J. W. Jenkins; Auditor of State, Asbury Porter; Treasurer of State, Hosea B. Horn. The following platform was adopted: Jiesolved, That we most cordially approve of the administration of President Fillmore, and have the fullest confidence in the executive officers of our government, and that the admin- istration of our foreign and domestic affairs deserves our highest admiration and firmest support; and we have the assurance that under such an administration our republic will always be safe. 1) \- ,^ 148 HISTORY OF IOWA. Resolved, That our warmest gratitude is due to those of whatsoever political party, who have, for the last two years, battled for the union of these States, and that we now regard the question out of which our apprehension of disunion arose as settled now and forever. Resolved, That we rejoice to see our Demo- cratic fellow-citizens in the Wesjem States occupying a part of our political platform, es- pecially that relating to currency, to the im- provement of rivers and harbors by appropria- tions from the national treasury, and a revision of the tariff of 1846. Resolved, That, as by alone following the advice of the illustrious Father of our Country for three-quarters of a century, our nation is prosperous and happy, we are still for adhering to that which teaches us to be at peace with all nations, and to form entangling alliances with none. Resolved, That the delegates to the National Convention be left free to act according to their own judgment, when they meet their brethren in the National Convention, to nominate candi- dates for President and Vice-President of the United States, according to the lights that there may be presented, and so to act as to harmonize conflicting claims and interests, and to maintain the integrity of the "Whig party and the ascend- ancy of Whig principles. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this con- vention that a convention to revise the constitu- tion of the States should be called at as early a day as is practicable; and, with a view to the advancement of this object, it is hereby recom- mended to State and local candidates in every part of the State to make this issue distinctly and strongly before the people. Resolved, That this convention request the executive committee of the State, and of each county and of each district composed of several counties, to effect a complete and efficient or- ganization of the Whig party in their respective counties and districts. The Democratic convention met May 28th, at Iowa city, and nominated the fol- lowing ticket: Secretary of State, Geo. W. McCleary; Auditor, William' Pattee; Treasurer, M, L. Morris. The following platform was adopted: Resolved, That paramount to all questions of a party or sectional nature, we are in favor of "The Union now and forever." Resolved, That to carefully regard the rights of States, is the only possible way to strengthen and perpetuate our glorious confederacy. Resolved, That a strict construction of the Constitution of the United States is the only safeguard for the rights of the States, and that we fully recognize the doctrine of the Virginia and Kentur.ky resolutions of 1798 and 1799 and the Baltimore platform of 1844. Resolved, That we are opposed to a national bank, a high protective tariff and all measures and monopolies of a like nature, and are in favor of the independent treasury and tariff of 1836. Resolved, That we are opposed to a wasteful, extravagant and corrupt system of internal im- provements; but hold that improvements of a national character may properly be made with the nation's money, and that, in justice, the general government, as a great landholder in the States, should contribute of her large domain to those public enterprises by which her interests are secured and promoted and the value of that domain 'enhanced. Resolved, That we are in favor of the " com- promise" as a final settlement of the question which has so long agitated the country upon the subject of domestic slavery. Resolved, That we are opposed to "nullifica- tion^' ot every kind, whether in the legislature of Vermont, or in the latitude of South Carolina, and are in favor of a faithful execution of laws of Congress until they are repealed, or declared inoperative by the proper tribunals of the country. Resolved, That our adopted citizens well deserve the political blessings which are now extended to them by the existing naturaliza- , X. !t^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 149 tion laws passed by our Democratic forefathers, and we are opposed to any alteration of them souglit for by native"Americanism." Resolved, That we are opposed to the nomi- nation of a candidate for the Presidency upon the naked idea of availability, but are in favor of a candidate whose principles are known to be national and in conformity to the time-honored tenets of the Democratic party. Beaohed, That we are in favor of the nominee of the Baltimore convention, as our candidate for the Presidency, and to such nominee wo pledge our hearty and individual support. In regard to State policy — lieaolved, That we heartily concur in the great principles of judicial and financial reform which are agitating the civilized world, and which have to some extent been recognized by the adoption of our revised code; but at the same time repro- bate many of the provisions as destructive of the great ends sought after, and earnestly recom- mend a thorough revision of all obnoxious fea- tures. The official vote for Secretary of State was as follows: George G.McCleary, Dem 18,884—1,857 J. W. Kenkins, Whig 15,027 In 1853 the Democrats inaugurated the campaign by nominatingDavid C. Cloud for Attorney &eneral, and adopting the following resolutions: Beaohed, That the delegates this day in con- vention assembled, congratulate the Democracy of the Union, upon the emphatic verdict of the people in favor of Democratic principles, as ex- pressed in the election of Franklin Pierce and Wm. E. King, to the Presidency and Vice-Pres- idency of this Republic. Besolved, That we recognize as principles car- dinal in the Democratic faith: "The election of all officers by the people." "The limits of State indebtedness." "Equal taxation"— coEipelling the property of the rich, invested in stock, to bear its proportion of the public burthen of con- "^i= tribution to the taxes of the State. The restraint of thie legislative power — confining it to the legitimate subject of general legislation, and the crowning glory of repeal, which secures the people sovereign from ever becoming slaves to any law or charter passed by their servants. Beaohed, That a wise political economy de- mands a more liberal system of disposing of the public lands, and that the prosperity of the country, and the happiness of individuals would be eminently promoted by the piissage of a law giving the public domain in limited quantities to actual settlers at a price covering the cost of survey anil other necessary expenses. Beaohed, That no species of industry should be fostered to the injury of another, that no class of men should be taxed directly or indi- rectly for the benefit of another; that every de- scription of industry should stand or fall on its own merits, and that commerce should be unfet- tered, and, like the air, free. Beaohed, That the Democracy of Iowa adhere to the known and long-established doctrines of the party relative to the currency. Beaohed, That to the Democratic, Republican, State and federal institutions, resting on univer- sal suffrage and universal eligibility to office, do these United States owe their unexampled pros- perity among nations, and that it is our duty to sympathize with every people struggling against tyrants for freedom. Mr. "Walker introdaced the folio win" resolutions, which, on motion, were adopt- ed : Beaohed, That the present Commissioner of the DesMoines Improvement, General V. P. Van Antwerp, by the fidelity, energy and ability with which he has discharged the duties of his respon- sible position, is entitled to the highest esteem and gratitude of the people of this State. Beaohed, That to his faithful and judicious eflorts we are indebted to the final grant by the general government of the fund for the Des Moines River Improvement, sufficient and ample to ensure a completion of the work, and develop the resources of the DesMoines Valley. ^IV .u 150 HISTORY OF IOWA. Resolved, That in prosecuting the negotiations for the State, he has displayed unsurpassed per- severance, industry and discretion against the most trying discouragements and embarassments, and that he has not only faithfully improved every opportunity to advance the interests of his trust, but has signalized his term of service by measures which will identify his name with the successful completion of the public works. BeioVeed, Therefore, that in his voluntary re- tirement from the office which he has so ably filled, we hereby tender to him, in convention of the Democracy of the State, the endorsement, "Well done, good and faithful servant." The Whigs made no nomination, but supported Samuel A. Rice for the office of Attorney-General. Cloud was elected over Rice by 7,564. In 1854 the Democrats convened on the 9th of January, at Iowa City, placed the, following ticket in the field, and adopted a platform: Governor, Curtis Bates; Secre- tary of State, Geo. W. McCIeary; Auditor of State, Joseph L. Sharp; Treasurer of State, Martin L. Morris; Attorney-General, David C. Cloud; Supt. of Public Instruc- tion, Jas. D. Eads. The, following is the platform : Resolved, That we, the delegates of the various counties of Iowa, in State Democratic Conven- tion assembled, do hereby re-affirm and pledge ourselves to the principles of the Baltimore Na- tional Convention of 1852, and that we hold and consider them as constituting the true platform of the Democratic platform, and as fundamental and essential with all true Democrats. Resolved, That we look upon ourselves as members of the real National Democratic party, a party radically identical in all iparts of the Union; and that we have no sectional views to gratify, no selfish designs to accomplish, but are wholly devoted to the Union, harmony and success of the cause; we therefore repudiate all disaffection on sectional or personal grounds, and denounce all bickering among oui'selves and most earnestly recommend "union, har- mony, concession and compromise," as a nucleus for universal observance. Resolved, That we have increased confidence in the talents, and in the integrity and patriotism of Eranklin Pierce, that his administration of the government have been distinguished by wisdom, flminess and unwavering adherence to its sound Democratic principles; that he has fully redeemed the pledges given to the Ameri- can people, previous to his election. Resolved, That we regard the right of instruc- tion as the sheet anchor, the main pillar of our freedom; and that we are determined never to surrender it, but to the last stand by and defend it, convinced, as we thoroughly are, that it is only by frequent and rigid exercise of this in- valuable privilege that the Democratic character of this government can be preserved, and we believe the agent who disobeys to be unworthy the confidence of his constituents, and that he ought to resign his seat. Resolved, That the liberal principles embodied by JefEerson in the Declaration of Independence, and sanctioned in the constitution, which makes ours the land of liberty and the asylum of the oppressed of every nation, have ever been cardi- nal principles in the Democratic faith, and every attempt to abridge the privilege of becom- ing citizens and the owners of soil among us, ought to be resisted with the same spirit which swept the alien and sedition laws from our statute books. Resolved, That in the recent development of the grand political truth jof the sovereignty of the people, and their capacity and power of self-government, we feel that a high and sacred duty is devolved with increased responsibility upon the Democratic party of this country as the party of the people, to sustain and advance among us constitutional "liberty, equality and fraternity," by continuing to resist all monopo- lies and exclusive legislation for the benefit of the few, at the expense of the many, and by vigilant and constant adherence to those prin- ciples and compromises and strong to uphold the Union as it was, the Union as it is, and the '^^ 'K. IIISTOEY OF IOWA. 151 Union as it should be, in the full expansion of the energies and capacity of this great and pro- gi'cssive people. Resolved, That we look upon the speedy or- ganization of Nebraska Territory as a highly important object, and that its northern boundary should coincide, or nearly so, with the latitude of the northern boundary of Iowa. Resolved, That we hereby pledge ourselves to abide the decision of this convention, and to use all honorable means to secure the election of the nominees. Resolved, That the proceedings of this con- vention be published in all the DiniDcratic papers in the State, and copies be sent to the President, heads of depkrtments, and to our Representatives in Congress. The Whigs met at Iowa City, February 23, and nominated the following ticket: (jovernor, James W. Grimes; Secretary of State, Simeon Winters; Auditor of State, Andrew Jackson Stephens; Treasurer, Eliphalet Price; Attorney-General, James W. Sennett. The following is the plat^ form: Resolved, That an experience of seven years under our present constitution has demonstrated that that instrument is jiot suited to the politi- cal, the agricultural and commercial wants of the State or the Spirit of the age; that the wants of the people demand a constitution making liberal provisions for the promotion of works of internal improvement, and providing, also, for a well regulated system of banking, which will relieve the people of this State from the onerous and oppressive burden they now suffer in the shape of indirect taxation paid to the banks of others States, whose money is in circulation among us. Resolved, That, in common with the Whig party throughout the Union, we recognize the binding force and obligation of the act of Con- gress of 1820, known as the Missouri Compro- mise, and we view the same as a compact between the North and South, mutually binding and obligatory, and as a final settlement of the question of slavery within the geographical limits to which it applies. Resolved, That we most unqualifiedly and emphatically disapprove of the efforts now being made in Congress to legislate slavery into the free Territory of Nebraska, and we do most heartily recommend to our Senators and Repre- sentatives in .Congress to oppose by all honor- able means the passage of the Nebraska Bill, as reported by Senator Douglas, of Illinois; and that we cannot otherwise look upon the pretense by Mr. Douglas and his aiders and abettors, that "the 8th section of the Missouri Compromise is suppressed by the acts of 1850," than as a propo- sition totally unreasonable and absurd on its face, conceived it bad faith and prompted by an ignoble ana most unworthy ambition for party and personal political preferment; and that we do, as citizens of the "West and the free State of Iowa, most earnestly desire to see an immediate organization of Nebraska Territory, without any infringement of the solemn compact of 1820, commonly called the Missouri Compro- mise. Resolved, That, as Whigs and citizens of the great valley of the Mississippi, we are heartily in favor of that well regulated Whig policy of liberal appropriations by the general govern- ment, for works of internal improvement of a national character, and that we view all navi- gable waters in the country, whether rivers or inland seas, as eminently national in their char- acter, and recommend to our Senators and Representatives in Congress to endeavor, by all honorable meahs, to procure appropriations for such purposes, and especially for the removal of obstructions to navigation in the Mississippi river. Resolved, That we view the proposition of Hon. Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, to effect an improvement by the levying of tonnage du- ties on the internal commerce of the country, as entirely inadequate to the accomplishment of such a purpose, and only calculated to impose heavy and unjust burdens on the people of the West, in the shape of indirect taxation, without :Rr ® i-. iht^ 152 HISTORY OF IOWA. securing to them any of the proposed advan- tages. Resolved, That we unreservedly and cordially approve of the course and conduct of the Hon. John P. Cook, our Kepresentative In Congress fi'om the Second Congressional District, and we hereby pledge ourselves to sustain him in his able and independent course. Whbkbas, The object of our educational sys- tem was to place the means of a common school education within the reach of all; and Whbkbas, Under its present management more than one-third of the proceeds of the fund set apart to cherish an.l maintain that sys- tem is annually absorbed by its constitutional guardians, subjecting it to a loss, in the year 1851, of $10,751.40 to pay the salaries and ex- penses of the Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion and Commissioners of the School Fund, and leaving only the sum of $30,600.11 to be dis- tributed among the public schools; and Whbreas, The duties of said oflScers may all be discharged by other State and county officers, without any or with but a trifling expense to said fund; therefore, Resolved, That sound policy and enlightened philanthropy demand such legislation and amendment to our constitution as will preserve this fund inviolate to the purposes originally intended as an inheritance to our children and their posterity. Resolved, That we are in favor of a donation, by Congress, of public lands, in limited quanti- ties, to actual settlers. Resolved, That we believe the people of this State are prepared for, and their interests re- quire, the passage of a law prohibiting the man- ufacture and sale of ardent spirits within the State as a beverage. The official rote on Governor was as fol- lows: James W. Grimes, Whig .,23,025- 1,833 Curtis Bates, Dem 21,203 The election of 1855 was for minor offi- cers. The Democrats met in convention, January 24, at the Capitol, and nominated the following ticket: Commissioner Des Moines River Improvement, O. D. Tisdale; Register DesMoines River Improvement, Wm. Dewey; Register Land Office, Stark II. Samuels. The following is the plat- form adopted: Whekeas, It is in accordance with the Dem- ocratic party, to declare, from time to time, its views upon the various political principles that * occupy the attention of the country; therefore, Resolved, That there has been a period in the history of our country, when we could with more confidence proclaim to the world our entire adherence to and approval of the old landmarks of the Democratic party. 2. That the temporary success of our foes being a result of an abandonment of principles on their part, and of the aggression of discordant elements, brought together for mercenary ends, affords no grounds for alarm; but confident of the correctness of our principles, and of the in- tegrity of the masses, we appeal to the sober, second thought of the people with no fears as to the verdict they may render. 8. That we declare our firm determination to sustain the principles recognized as correct, in reference to slavery agitation, to support the constitution faithfully, to carry out its provis- ions, and discountenance all incendiary move- ments that tend to the overthrow of our govern- ment, from whatever source they may originate. 4. That the efforts being made to colonize free negroes in their native land, is a measure that commends itself to every philanthropist as being the only favorable plan for the ultimate accomplishment of the first wish of every friend of freedom. 0. That we endorse, to the fullest extent, the compromise measure of 1850, believing those measures to be constitutional, just, and proper. 6. That in changing his domicile from one portion of a republican government to another, man does not divest himself of his political, moral or natural rights, nor can he be deprived i) Vy _^« HISTORY OF IOWA. 153 of them otherwise than as he has consented to constitutionally. 7. That the liberal principles embodied by Jeflerson, in the Declaration of Independence, and sanctioned in the constitution, which makes ours the land of liberty and the asylum of the op- pressed of every nation, have ever been cardinal principles in the Democratic faith, and every at- tempt to abridge the right of becoming citizens and the owners of soil among us ought to.be re- sisted with the same spirit that swept the alien and sedition laws from the statute books. 8. That we adhere to the doctrine of an un- restrained religious liberty, as established by the constitution of the United States, and sustained by all Democratic administrations. The Whigs held their last State conven- tion at Iowa City, January 25, 1855, and, without resolutions, made the following nominations: Commissioner on DesMoines Kiver Improvement, Wm. McKay; Regis- ter DesMoines River Improvement, J. C. Lockwood; Register Laud Office, Anson Hart. The official vote for Commissioners was as follows: William McKay, Whig 24,743—4,737 O. D. Tisdale, Dem 20,006 A vote was taken this year on the pro- hibition liquor law, with the following re- sult: For the law 25,555—2,910 Against the law 22,645 While the Whig party in this State ap- parently was in a well organized condition, throughout the Union it was undergoing a process of disintegration. In the South it was being absorbed by the American or Know Nothing party, and in the North by the newly organized Republican party, born out of th^ issues growing out of the slavery question. Representatives of the Republican party met in convention at Iowa City, February 22, 1856, and selected the following ticket: Secretary of State, Elijah Sells; Auditor, John Patten; Treas- urer, M. L, Morris; Attorney-General, S. A. Rice. The following platform was adopted at the same time and place. United in a common resolve to maintain right against wrong, and believing in the determina- tion of a virtuous and intelligent people to sus- tain justice, we declare — 1. That governments are instituted among men to secure the inalienable righls of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 2. That the mission of the Republican p4rty is to maintain the liberty of the press, the sov- ereignty of the State, and the perpetuity of the Union. 3. That under the constitution, and by right, freedom is alone national. 4. That the federal government, being one of limited powers, derived wholly from the consti- tution, its agents should construe these powers strictly, and never exercise a doubtful authority — always inexpedient and dangerous. 5. If the plan is Jeffersonian, and the early policy of the government is carried out, the fed- eral government would relieve itself of all re- sponsibility for the existence of slavery, which Republicanism insists it should and means it shall do, and that regardmg slavery in the State as a local Institution, beyond our reach and above our authority, but recognizing it as of vital con- cern to every citizen in its relation to the nation, we well oppose its spread, and demand that all national territory shall be free. 6. That the repeal of the Missouri Compro- mise, and the refusal of the slave power to abide by the principles on which that repeal was pro- fessedly based, make the national domain the battle ground between freedom and slavery; and while Republicans stand on a national basis, and will ever manifest and maintain a national spirit, they will shrink from no conflict and shirk no responsibility on this issue. 7. That the slave power, the present national administration and its adherents, having violated .J±=: •^ 154 HISTOKY OF IOWA. this policy, and the principles on which it is based, by a disregard of the law and its own profession, by encroachments upon the State and personal rights, and hy breaking solemn covenants of the country, make the issue whether freedom shall be limited to the Itee States, or slavery to the slave States, and mak? that issue absorbing and paramount. Resolved, That the firm, consistent, and patriotic course pursued by the Republican members of the present Congress, during the arduous protracted struggle for the speakership, meets with our coi-dial approval, and we recog- nize in Hon. N. P. Banks a statesman of mature abilities, a Republican of reliable character; and we.hail his election as a proud triumph of those great principles of human liberty upon which the American government was founded. The Democratic convention met at Iowa City, June 26, 1856, and adopted a plat- form and made the following nominations: Secretary of State, Geo. Snyder; Auditor, Jas. Pollard; Treasurer, George Paal; At- torney-General, James Baker. The follow- ing is the platform: BesoVoed, That the Democracy of Iowa receive •with joy, and ratify with confidence, the nom- inations of James Buchanan and John G. Breclf- enridge. 3. That the platform of Democratic principles laid down by the Cincinnati convention meets our hearty concurrence, and that it is such a one as is worthy of the only National party in exist- ence. On motion of Col. Martin, of Scott, the following resolution was unanimously adopted: Besolved, That freedom and equal rights are the basis of Democracy, and that no measure or principle not embracing or recognizing these is any part or parcel of the Democratic creed; that Democracy is equality against primlege, freedom against aristocracy, liberty against licentious- ness, strict construction against latitudinarian interpretations of the constitution, late and order against anarchy and violence, and the peace, har- mony, prosperity and perpetuity of our glorious Union to the end of time. The entire Republican ticket was elected. Sells, for Secretary of State, received 40j- esY votes and Snyder 32,920. There were three elections in 1857 — the first in April, for Superintendent of Public Instruction, Register of Land Office and DesMoines River Commissioner; the sec- ond in August, for the purpose of a vote on the new constitution ; the third in Octo- ber, for Governor and Lieutenant Gov- ernor. The Democrats nominated the following ticket: Superintendent Public Instruction, Maturin L. Fisher; Register, Theodore S. Parvin; DesMoines Elver Commissioner, Gideon Bailey;. Governor, Benj. M. Samuels; Lieutenant-Governor, Geo. Gillaspie. The Republicans nominated the follow- ing ticket: Superintendent Piiblic In- struction, L. A. Bugbee; Register, W. H. Holmes; DesMoines River Commissioner, H. F.Manning; Governor, Ralph P.Lowe; Lieutenant-Governor, Oran Faville. The following Republican platform was adopted: United in a common resolve to maintain right against wrong, and believing in the determina- tion of a virtuous and intelligent people to sus- tain justice, we declare: 1. That governnients are instituted among men to secure the inalienable rights of life, lib- erty and the pursuit of happiness. •2. That the mission of the Republican party is to maintain the liberties of the people, the sovereignty of the States and the perpetuity of the Union. •3. That under the constitution, and by right, freedom alone is national. 4. That the Federal Government being one of limited powers, derived wholly from the con- 'f .^_ _® K> HISTORY OF IOWA. 155 stitution, its agents should construe. those powers strictly, and never exercise a doubtful authority, always inexpedient and dangerous. 5. That if this JefEersonism and early policy were carried out, the Federal Government would relieve itself of all responsibility for the exist- ence of slavery, which Kepublicanism insists it should, and means it shall do, and that regard- ing slavery in the States as a local institution, beyond our reach, and above our authority, but recognizing it as of vital concern to the nation, we still oppose its spread, and demand that all national territory shall be free. 6. That the repeal of the Missouri compro- mise, and the refusal of the slave jjower to abide by the principle on which that repeal was pro- fessedly based, made the national domain the battle ground between freedom and slavery, and while Republicans stand on a national basis, and maintain a national spirit, they will shirk no responsibility on this issue. 7. That the slave power — the present national administration and its adherents having viohited this policy, and the piiuciples on which it is based, by a disregard of law and its own pro- fessions, by an invasion of the State and per- sonal rights, and by breaking solemn covenants, has forced upon the country the issue whether freedom shall be limited to the free States or slavery to the slave States, and makes that issue absorbing and paramount. Resolved, That the recent opinion of the Su- preme Court of the United States, in the Dred Scott case, is the most alarming of those bold innovations upon the rights of the free States which have marked the administration of the government for years past, as sectional and disloyal to the spirit of our free Institutions. We regard it as virtually revolutionizing the judicial action of the government, if tolerated; by giving to slavery a national instead of a local character; opening free States and free Terri- tories for its diffusion ; reducing to the condi- tion of chattels those who are recognized by the constitution as men, belying the sentiments of the Declaration of Independence, and casting reproach upon the action of those who, amid toil and peril, laid deep the formation of the TJnion. 2. That the National Administration has brought disgrace upon the country by so long tolerating the demoralizing and heaven-defying practices of Brigham Young and his followers in Utah. The ecibarrassment experienced by the present administration in reaching and cor- recting the evil, is mainly attributed to the doc- trine embodied in the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, and the retention of the U. S. soldiery in Kansas to overawe unoflFending men, instead of sending them to Utah, where the authority of the gen- eral government is brazenly defied, is humili- ating evidence of perversion of the powers of the national government. 3. That we invite the affiliation and co-opera- tion of freemen of all parties, however differiug from us in other respects, in support of the principles herein declared, and believing thiit the spirit of our institutions as well as the con- stitution of our country, guarantee liberty of conscience and equality of rights among citi- zens, we oppose all legislation impairing their security. 4. That we congratulate the people of Iowa upon the new constitution, for many reasons, but most of all in view of the fact that it enables them to provide for themselves a sound currency, and places the annual election in October instead of August, thus consulting the convenience of an agricultural population. 5. That it is a deliberate conviction of this convention, that the next Legislature should provide a system of banking that will secure to the State a circulating medium, redeemable at all times, within its limits, in gold and silver; and we will support for State officers and the Legis- lature such, and such only, as are avowedly qualified favorable to this result. 6. That the administration of Governor Grimes deserves and receives our warmest en- dorsement, and that the thanks of all who love the character and prosperity of the State, are due to him, as well as to the Legislature, for their efforts to bring to justice a dishonorable public servant, defeat speculation, and prevent ;^ -• ■ »> A 156 HISTORY OF IOWA. the squandering of the fund consecrated to the education of the children of the State. 7. That in the nominees for Governor and Lieutanant-Governor we recognize men capable and honest, and every way worthy the support of the Kepublican party of this State. Tlie Democrats adopted the following platform : As to national policy— 1. That we have undiminished confidence in the present administration. That the policy adopted is eminently wise and proper, and should command the support and approval of every rational rr.an. 3. That the opposition to President Buchanan is now composed of the fire-eaters of the South and the Black Republicans of the North, who are vieing with each other iu abusing the admin- istr.ation and Democratic party. We therefore place them in the same category, and brand them as a united opposition, and will treat them alike as factionists, disunionists and ene- mies of the Democracy and the country. 3. That we will maintain and preserve the Constitution of the United States, with all its checks and balances, and that treaties made by the President and Senate, laws passed by Congress under the Constitution, and decisions made by the Supreme Court of the United States, are equally binding on the people, and must be maintained in order to preserve the country from anarchy, and that-it is the duty of every citizen to sustain these departments of government against the assaults of bigots, fanat- ics and traitors. As to State policy — 1. That we will preserve and maintain the institutions of this State in a just relation and harmony toward the general government, and we repudiate and condemn any effort that has been made, or may be made, which asserts the right or remotely tends to bring our State into collision or conflict with the general government. 3. That the conflict of the Black Republican party, acting through their Representatives in passing a law authorizing the Negroes and In- dians to become witnesses against the citizens of this State, was an unjustifiable innovation upon the laws of the State, passed without ne- cessity, and the first step towards a system to equalize the black and white races. 3. The late Constitutional Convention, com- posed of a large majority of Black Republican members, openly advocated the equality of the black and white people, and unanimously recom- mended, through an appendage to the constitu- tion, that the word "white" be stricken from that instniment; we, therefore, feel free to charge upon that party the design and purpose of abolitionizing the people of this State, and placing the negro upon an equality with the white man. 4. That the National Democracy of Iowa re- gard the new constitution just adopted by the people, in many of itS features, as essentially anti-Democratic, unjust, and containing prin- ciples that tend to subvert the distinction be- tween the black and white races, and looking to equality between them. We, therefore, now proclaim open and undis- guised hostility to each and every action and part of said instrument which contains these ob- noxious provisions, and wc here raise the stand- ard of opposition and reform, and call upon every true patriot in the State to carry these questions to the ballot-box, and to elect officers for government of the State who will take every honorable measure to reform and amend said constitution. 5. That the laws of the last Legislature ap- portioning the State into Representative districts and the adoption of that law by the late Black Republican Constitutional Convention, by which the majority of the members of the General Assembly are given to a minority of the people, and many thousands of our citizens are virtually disfranchised, was a tyrannical and flagitious outrage, — a violation of every principle of a Republican Government, — and demands the seveiest rebuke from the people; that we recog- nize in these proceedings a manifest conspiracy agstinst the rights of the majority, and a wanton violation of the principles of our Republican form of Government. ) \> 'i^ HISTORY OF IOWA, 157 6. That the refusal of the late Constitutional Convention to allow the constitution to become the supreme law of the land, when sanctioned and adopted by a majority of the people, and postponing the taking effect of portions of the same for more than two years after its adoption, which was avowedly done to withhold political power from the people, and retain it in the hands of already condemned officers, is an insult and an outrage upon the people, and deserving our condemnation. 7. That the Democracy of the State of Iowa take this method of expressing their gratitude and confidence in the Hon. George W. Jones, our Democratic Senator, and the Hon. A. Hall, late Democratic Representative, for their faith- ful adherence to Democratic principles, and their untiring vigilance for the welfare of our young and promising State. Fisher was elected Superintendent over Buzbee by 505 majority; Manning over Baily, for CommissioBer, by 315; Lowe over Samuels, for Governor, by 2,149. The campaign of 1858 was opened by the Republicans, meeting in convention at Iowa City, June 17, and adopting the fol- lowing platform: Wheekas, TVe, the representatives of the Republicans of Iowa, being a?ain permitted to assemble in State Convention, deem this a fitting occasion to briefly express our views of national and State policy, and to affirm our adhesion to the principles of constitutional liberty, for which we have been long and earnestly con- ' tending. We believe this Republic specially ordained by the blood and treasure of our fore- fathers for the free homes of the mechanic, the operative and the farmer, and we, their descend- ents, are determined it shall be preserved and administered for our common welfare; 'and that the great problem of the ability of the people to govern themselves shall be clearly solved in the onward progress and prosperity of our Republi- can consfttution; manifesting to the- nations of this earth that the free spirit of this nation is unconquered and unconquerable; therefore, Eeaolved, That the principles laid down in the Philadelphia platform, adopted on June 17, 1856, are founded upon the Constitution of the United States, are consonant with the teachings of Christianity, and are most heartily endorsed by the convention. 2. That in the contest now waging between freedom and slavery, our sympathies are wholly and strongly with the former— that we have no truce to offer, no mercy to ask, that with us the watchword is victory or death. 3. That the effort made to extend the area of slave territory on this continent, by the Demo- cratic party, is contrary to the spirit of the age and the genius of our institutions. 4. That by the passage of the English swin die for the admission of Kansas into the Union under the infamous Lecompton Constitution, whereby an unjust discrimination is made in favor of slave and against free States in the amount of population required to form a State government, the so-called national Democracy have proven devotion to slavery extension, their opposition to the interests of free labor, and their total disregard of the popular will. 5. That the new doctrine of the so-called Democratic party originated by Chief Justice Taney, in the Dred Scott decision, and carry slavery into our national territory, has no foun- dation in the Federal Constitution, is at war with the verities of our history, civil and judi- cial, and this is calculated to tolerate the en- slaving of our race in all the States. 6. That we view with satisfaction the course of those who, without respect to party feeling, and uninfluenced by the threats and in scorn of the bribes and corrupting influences of the Buchanan administration, boldly, and as free- men fighting for freemen's rights, opposed with all their might the passage of the Lecompton Constitution and the English swindle through Congress, and we trust that among the people there will continue the same strong opposition to the encroachments of the slave power, which they have so gallantly manifested before the nation. \4® , 4*^ — ^ ' ^ 158 HISTORY OF IOWA. 7. That we look forward hopefully to that good time, not far distant, when it shall be deemed legitimate, proper and constitutional for this government to extend its protecting care over free labor, the commerce and industrial interests of all the country, instead of bending its whole energies and treasure for the aggrand- izement of a slaveholding aristocracy in one section of the Union. 8. That the corruption which stalks abroad at noonday, pervading eveiy department of the National Government, the gross and shameless use of Presidential power and patronage to in- fluence the action of Congress, the astounding increase in national expenditures in a time of peace and universal financial embarrassment (involving, as it does, a debt of forty-five mil- lions of dollars, and an expenditure of nearly one hundred millions of dollars during a single financial year), bringing upon the government the burning disgrace of bankruptcy and threat- ening the onerous burthens of direct taxation, demand a solemn, earnest protest from us in behalf of the people of Iowa. 9. That the mismanagement and reckless squandering of the school fund of the State by the late Seperintendent of Public Instruction, and the manner in which this sacred fund has been dealt with in many counties in the State, as developed by the investigation already insti- tuted, under a Eepublican State administration, demonstrates the wisdom of that thorough ac- countability and scrutiny provided for by the State Legislature. 10. That we, as Republicans, pledge our- selves to use all honorable efforts to promote the administration of the State and general government with strict economy and a just regard to the growing interests of our State and Union. 11. That our State should have that consider- ation from the general government to which her resources, power and future prospects entitle her, and that we will demand from the general government five per cent, of the proceeds of those lands hitherto entered with land warrants within the State; the improvement of the navi- gation of our great inland seas, and such addi- tional grants of lands to aid the building of railroads through unoccupied portions of Iowa as will upbuild the population and wealth of our State and the general welfare of our common country. 12. That the members of this convention heartily endorse the candidates nominated to- day for the various offices, and promise their united and zealous support in the ensuing cam- paign, and, if their labors can achieve it, a triumphant election. 13. That the entire Republican delegation in Congress are entitled to the gratitude of the nation for their able and zealous advocacy of true Republican principles; and that our imme- diate Representatives, Messrs. Harlan, Curtis and Davis, have the unqualified approbation of their constituents for the talented and efficient manner in which they have represented tlie State of Iowa, and especially for the earnest aud uncompromising opposition waged by them against the Lecompton English Bill bribe and other tyrannical abuses of the present adminis- tration. The following ticket was then nomi- nated: Secretary of State, Elijah Sells; Auditor of State, J. W. Cattell; State Treasurer, John W. Jones; Attorney-Gen- eral, S. A. Rice; Register of State Land Office, A. B. Miller; Com. of DesMoines River Improvement, Wm. C. Drake. The Democrats met June 23 at Des Moines, nominated the following ticket and adopted a platform: Secretary of State, Samuel Douglas; Auditor of State,. Theodore S. Parvin; Treasurer of State, Samuel H. Lotah; Attorney-General, Jas. S. Elwood; Commissioner DesMoines River Improvement, Charles Baldwin; Register of Land Office, James M. Reid. The following is the platform: The Democrats of Iowa, through representa- tives in State Convention assembled, ^proclaim their unalterable devotion and adhesion to the principles embodied in the resolutions following: yr. '\ [hL^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 159 Begolved, That we «dopt, abide by, and will cherish and defend the platform of principles promulgated by the representatives of the De- mocracy of the nation, when assembled in national convention, at Cincinnati, in June, 1856, believing, as we do, that the platform there laid down is broad and strong enough to uphold and sustain every true patriot, and with such only do we desire companionship. 2. That all attempts to engender sectional prejudice and animosities are pregnant with mischief, tend to hinder the progress and devel- opment of our country, and must, if persisted in, lead to the dismemberment of the union of the States and the destruction of the only free government of the world. 8. That the rights of the people should be maintained alike against the encroachment of federal power, the zeal of blind partisanism and wiles of unscrupulous and demagogue politi- cians, and that the oflSce of the Democratic party is to see these cardinal principals main- tained In their party. 4. That the a.sntation of the slavery question tends to weaken the bonds of our union by de- stroying that confidence which should exist between the different States, and begetting sec- tional animosities, and that it is the duty of all true patriots to frown upon such attempts, and secure, by all honorable means, the discredit alike of the extremists of the South and North. 5. That the decision of the judicial tribunals of the State and Federal Government should be respected, must be submitted to, obeyed and carried into effect; and that any attempt to set them at defiance is a step toward anarchy and confusion, tends to impair respect for the gov- ernment, and merits the unmeasured condemna- tion of all law-abiding and peaceably disposed citizens. 6. That the outrages recently committed on our shipping by officers of the British Govern- ment demands an immediate and unequivocal denial and apology; that now is an appropriate time to settle finally the question of the rights to visit and search vessels -on the seas, and in the event an apology is refused, the arrogant pre- tensions of European powers should try the "last resort" of nations, the cannon's mouth, and the world taught the lesson that our flag cannot be degraded, nor our nation insulted with impunity. 7. That the administration of State affaire in lova for the last four years, under Republican rule, is of a character to warrant the most rigid investigation by the people, and that the expo- sure thus far of their speculations, fraud and extravagance calls for the denunciation of all honest men. 8. That an empty treasury, extravagant ex- penditures, and the stifling of investigation into corruption, by Republican officials of Iowa, should be sufficient to arouse tix-payers to the enormous outrages perpetrated upon the people's treasury, and absolutely demand a change in the administration, that the guilty may be brought to punishment, and our State preserved from utter bankniptcy. 9. That the Democracy of Iowa pledge to the people their earnest, persistent and un^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 163 Breckenridge by the Southern wing, and John Bell by the Union party. The Ke- pablicans of Iowa met in convention at Iowa City, May 23d, and selected the fol- lowing named candidates : Secretary of State, Elijah' Sells; Auditor of State, J. W. Cattell; State Treasurer, Charles C. Nourse; Register of State Land Office, A. B. Miller. The platform adopted was short, and as follows : Meaolved, That this convention approve and endorse the platform of principles laid down by the late Republican convention at Chicago, as the true and sound exposition of Bepublican doctrine, which we are prepared to advocate and defend. 2. That, in reference to State policy, the Re- publican party of the State of Iowa are in favor of a rigid economy in the expenditures of the public money, and the holding of all public offi- cers to a strict accountability. 8. That the Republicans of the State of Iowa in convention assembled, do hereby endorse the nominations made at the Chicago convention, of Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois, for President, and Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine, for Vice-President, and pledge to them the undivided support of the party of the State. 4. That this convention have full confidence in the nominations made by it to-day, both for State and national officers, and we recommend them with entire unanimity to the support and confidence of the people of Iowa. The Democrats held their convention July 12, at DesMoines. Their ticket was as follows: Secretary of State, James M. Corse; Auditor of State, Geo. W. Max- field; Treasurer of State, John W. Ellis; Attorney-General, Wm. McClintock; Reg- ister of Land Office, Patrick Robb. Their platform was as follows: Resolved, That the Democracy of Iowa, by their delegates in the State convention assem- bled, do hereby most cordially endorse and approve of the Democratic National Convention, which convened at Charleston on the 23d day of April, and which concluded its labors at its adjourned session, in the city of Baltimore, on the 23d day of June, by the nomination of Stephen A. Douglas for the Presidency. 2. That this convention heartily endorses and approves the platform enumerated by said convention; and that we will give that platform and the nominees of the national Democracy for the Presidency and Vice-Presidency, Douglas and Johnson, our most zealous and energetic support. 8. That retaining unabated confidence in the intelligence, integrity and patriotism of the people, the Democracy of Iowa firmly adhere to the doctrine of non-intervention and popular sovereignty, laid down in the said platform, as presenting the only just and practicable solution of the question of domestic slavery. 4. That the Iowa delegates to the Kational Democratic Convention are entitled to the thanks of their constituency for the able and faithful manner in which they discharged the duty entrusted to them, and that this convention heartily approves of their action in said body. 5. That in view of the fact that eflforts are being made in some of the States to form so- called union electoral tickets, pledged to vote for this or that candidate for the Presidency, as circumstances may subsequently determine, the Democracy of Iowa totally disapprove of all attempts to compromise the integrity of the Democratic party organization, by putting Dem- ocratic candidates for electors upon the same ticket with candidates who are not pledged to vote, if elected, for Douglas and Johnson, and for no other persons whomsoever. 6. That we approve of a homestead law, giv- ing to every citizen of the United States a home for himself and family; and that this convention recommend to our Representatives in Congi-ess to use their best eflforts to procure the passage of a law for that purpose. 7. That we cordially invite all conservative national men to fall into the Democratic ranks and help to crush the hydra-headed monster. Congressional Intervention. ip ^? -14> 164 HISTORY OP IOWA. 8. That the dominant party, called Republi- can, during the brief period it has been in power, inflicted upon the people of Iowa a con- stitution and laws, the result of which has been the constant perplexity of the people, the crea- tion, of an enormous, unconstitutional debt, and the imposition of taxes too grievous to be borne, thereby exhausting and using up the hard earn- ings of the industrious and the prudent — all of which call loudly for reform at the hands of the people. 9. That it is high time there should be a change of men in power and policy in govern- ment; that the Legislature should pass more wholesome and stringent laws, by which men in official station occupying a judicial capacity, either as directors and officers of banks or rail- road companies, shall be made personally liable for an improper use of the moneys of the people entrusted to their care and custody. 10. That the Democratic party of the State of Iowa is committed to and pledges itself to carry out, so soon as it obtains the administra- tion of the affairs of the State, the following measures of State policy: 1. A reduction of the enormous and unneces- sary expenses of the government, which have grown up under the administration, and through the corrupt partisan management of the so-called Republican party. 3. A reduction of the appropriations of money for extraordinary purposes. 3. A rediiction of appropriations for chari- table institutions and purposes, to the necessary requests of those classes of the unfortunate, for which it is the duty of the State to fully and liberally provide. 4. To reduce the excessive taxation which now burdens the people and consumes the hard earnings of the industrious and frugal. 5. The construction of buildings for the use of our charitable institutions upon plans com- mensurate with the wants of those institutions and the ability of the State, •without attempting to imitate the grandeur or magnificence of the public buildings erected for similar purposes in old and wealthy States or Governments. 6. The early revision of the State constitu- tion, so as to free It from those features which render it justly obnoxious to the people. 7. The amendment of our banking laws so as to throw reasonable restrictions upon the operations of the banks, and to secure the peo- ple against the frauds and swindling which, un- der existing laws, enacted by Republican legis- lators, in the interests of the banks, may be practiced by bank officers, of which the system has already furnished its fruits in two important cases. 8. That we are in favor of removing the stocks or other securities, pledged for the prompt redemption of the issues of the banks, from the the custody and control of the State Bank to the custody of the Treasurer of the State. 9. The increase of these securities to such an extent as will furnish ample protection to the people in using the issue of the banks, which is imperatively demanded, as the officers of the State Bank themselves admit that at the present time there is no real security for the redemption of the notes of the banks. 10. The entire separation of the finances of the State from the banks, and a repeal of all laws authorizing either State or county officers to deposit public money with the branches of the State Bank, save at their own risk. Besohed, furt/ier. That the Democratic party is opposed to any and all attempts to create an enormous State debt, in violation of the consti- tution, for the purpose of promoting the schemes of plunder, of railroads or other speculators. 2. That the system inaugurated by the Re- publican party of erecting unnecessary and use- less offices for the purpose of providing for the politically lame, halt or blind, and that we hold the revenues of the Government should be ap- plied strictly and economically to the legitimate wants of the Government. 3. That while we are in favor of fostering popular education, until the means of liberal education be placed within the reach of every child in the State; that while we are in f avoi of providing liberally and justly for all the benev olent institutions of the State, and for all classes ^ [\^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 1G5 of the unfortunate, which huroanity demands shall he protected and cared for, — we are op- posed to enormous appropriations of puhlic money for uncalled-for purposes, or placing large sums of money in the hands of men, poli- ticians or unscrupulous persons, to he wasted in promoting private and political interests, instead of applying the same to the purpose for which the appropriations were made. For Secretary of State the official vote ■was as follows : Elijah Sells, Rep .70,706—13,070 J. M. Corse, Dem 57,030 When the campaign of 18GI was inau- gurated the war for the Union was in progress. The Republicans met in con- vention, and placed in nomination Samuel J. Kirk wood for Governor; John R. Needham, for Lieutenant-Governor; Ralph P. Lowe, for Supreme Judge. The fol- lowing platform was adopted: 1. Renewing our declarations of unalterable devotion to the constitution and Union of the States, to the doctrine of the Declaration of In- dependence, and to the law of submission to the will of the majority, constitutionally expressed, we again commend each and all of these corner- stones of our government to the unchanging affection of the people of Iowa. 3. That this convention, in behalf of its own immediate constituency, of all patriotic citizens, acknowledges, with profound gratitude, the prompt dedication of life and fortune by our gallant volunteers, in response to the appeal made to a loyal people by a patriotic President, and in this action, creditable alike to the admin- istration and to the people, we witness a return of the noble spirit of the revolution. 3. That the new doctrine of secession is a wicked abomination, as abhorrent to patriotism, as it is alien to the constitution, demoralizing in its principle, and destructive in its action, a dis- guise to treason, and an apology for traitors, the ruin of commerce, and the dissolution of political society, the mother of all political crimes and the sum of all villainies, and as such we utterly re- ject and hold it in absolute detestation. 4. That government always means coercion when its lawful authority is resisted, and those who oppose " coercion," necessarily oppose gov- ernment itself, and deny to it the o::ly power by which it can be maintained. Anti-coercion, therefore, is only another of their disguises of treason, by which they hope so to weaken the government at present as to overthrow it in the future, and we brand it as hypocrisy and repu- diate it. 5. Harving, by our first war of 1776, won our independence and established our glorious con- stitution and Union, and having, by our second war of 1813, maintained our national integiity against the most formidable of foreign foes, it now remains for us to establish that integrity for all years to come against internal foes, and in this third and last great trial of our country's history, in its straggle to maintain that system of government which has been the admiration of the world, whoever hesitates or falters should receive the execration of mankind, as he surely will the reproaches of posterity. 6. The value of the constitution and the Union cannot be measured by dollars and cents, nor by the span of a human life, and there should be no limit to appropriations of men and money for their preservation, except the amount requi- site for certain success. We therefore cordially approve both the action of the President in call- ing for men and money, and the action of Con- gress in placing at his disposal more of both than he demanded, thus giving assurance to the world of the unalterable determination of this government to perpetuate its existence as estab- lished by our fathers, to crash out the foulest rebellion known to history, and liberate the loyal people of the rebellious States from the odious despotism and terrorism which have wrenched from them the blessings of peace and prosperity in the Union of the States, and we demand the prosecution of the war until the insults to our national flag and authority are avenged by the restoration everywhere of law and order, and the supremacy acknowledged on its own terms. IZ ®^ 4^ i\^ 166 HISTORY OF IOWA. 7. In the State affairs we demand all the economy consistent with the public safety, and all the liberality required for the comfort and efficiency of our volunteers, and for the protec- tion of the State against invasion. To that end we approve the action of the General Assembly, at its special session, in making appropriations for war purposes. 8. We heartily invite co-operation with us of men of all parties, whatever their former politi- cal ties, who adhere to these sentiments, and who unite in the patriotic support of the present loyal administration of the government. The Democrats nominated William H. Merritt for Governor; Maturia L. Fisher, for Lieut.-Governor; James L. Elwood, for Supreme Judge. Their platform was as follows: The people of the State of Iowa who regard the constitution of tlie United States in its judi- cial relation to the States and people as inter- preted by the Supreme Court, and its political principles as enunciated from time to time by the Democratic party, and as applied by several successive ■ administrations in carrying on the government of the United States, beine; assem- bled by their delegates in convention, in the Capitol at DesMoines, on the 24tli day of July, 1861, do make and proclaim to their fellow citi- zens of the sister States of the Union, the follow- ing declaration: Whereas, In the vicissitudes which are inci- dent 1 1 all governments, to human safety, and to civilization, the government and the people of the United States have become involved in a civil war, which threatens alike to be disastrous to the form of government which experience has proved to be the most conducive to the happi- ness of mankind, and to result in imposing upon the present and future generations onerous burdens, which it should be the duty of a gov- ernment having any regard for the well being of the people to avoid, it becomes the incumbent dutv upon the people for whose benefit alone government is instituted, and who, having the right to either alter or fibolish it when it ceases to be administered for their happiness and pros- perity, have also the right to determine and direct how it shall be administered when they find it departingfrom the principles upon which it was founded, and to be precipitating into waste and ruin the fabric of civil society, instead of preserving the people in peace, piomoting their prosperity, and securing their, rights. Viewing, therefore, dispassionately, the present condition of our distracted country, and with the single purpose of making an effort to avert impending and other threatened calamities, and of restoring peace, founded upon that fraternal patriotism which gave birth to the American Union, and which preserved its integrity till the election of a President upon a principle which was hostile to the constitution of the United States and antagonistic to the vested right of the people of nearly half the States of the Union, do declare — 1. That we regard the present condition of the country, the civil war in which the people are engaged, the effort to dismember the Union and all the concomitant evils which afflict us as a nation, as the legitimate result of the success- ful teaching of the doctrine and policy of the "irrepressible conflict;" a doctrine and a policy which arrayed northern sentiment in antagonism to the constitutional rights of the people of the slave States, and which proclaim an "irrepres- sible" and unceasing hostility to the domestic institutions of our brethren of the South. 8. That, notwithstanding the provocation given to the people of the South by the mani- festation of hostility toward their institutions, by a majority of the people of the North, we unequivocally condemn the course they have pursued to obtain a redress of their grievances, believing, as we do, that, aided by the conserva- tive people of the Northern States, their griev- ances would have been redressed, and their rights and interests respected and secured in a constitutional manner and by constitutional means. 3. That we are heartily opposed to the doc- trine of secession, a political heresy, unwar- ranted by the constitution, detrimental to the i) \ HISTORY OF IOWA. 1G7 ^ i best interests of the whole country, and destruc- tive of the TJnion and that glorious heritage of liberty bequeathed to us by our fathers. 4. That our obligations to the govemment, the duty we owe to posterity and the advance- ment of political freedom throughout the world, alike, command of us the preservation and per- petuity of our federal Union, and we hereby pledge the whole power of the Democratic party to every just and constitutional means to main- tain the same, whether its destruction be at- tempted by the insidious teachings of the higher law doctiine of the Abolition Republican party, or by the open attacks of men in armed rebellion against it. 5. That, as we were taught and admonished by the experience of "every free people whose political existence was extinguished by the assumption of arbitrary power and the violation of fundamental principles, to resist the encroach- ment of executive prerogatives, we therefore emphatically and unequivocally condemn the assumption of unauthorized power by the Ex- ecutive of the United States, or by any other officers of the govemment. 6. That our Union was formed in peace, and can never be perpetuated by force of arms, and that a republican government held together by the sword becomes a military despotism. 7. That the Democratic party are in favor of a convention of the different States of the entire Union, as soon as the same can be properly had, for such legislation as may secure equal and full rights to all sections of this Union, and a full representation of all the States, and a removal of the agitation of the question of slavery from the halls of Congress and the States of the Union. 8. That we repudiate the modem heresy that the States of this confederacy never had an independent existence distinct from the federal govemment, and are indebted for their present position in the Union to that government, as a gross insult to the common sense of the coimtry and a shameless falsification of historical facts unworthy of the source from whence it emin- ated, and unless promptly met with a stern re- nr buke on the part of the people, fraught with consequences fatal to the liberties of the country. 9. That we are irreconcilably opposed to all paper money banking, as being a system of legalized swindling, to be indulged in only by the designing capitalist, and are opposed to every species of paper, except commercial pa- per, for the transaction of business and trade, and in I'avor of a speedy return to a specie cur- rency; and, if for a time we must submit to the banking system, we recommend that the bank law be so amended as to make each stockholder individually liable (to the fall extent of his property not exempt from execution) for the debts of the bank, and to subject their corpora- tions to such restraints as to make them amen- able to law. 10. That we are opposed to a tariff of duties upon imports, for the purpose of protection, as creating monopolies, and that, in the present crisis of affairs, when the laborer is poorly paid and the products of agriculture are almost worthless, it is the interest of the people that the present burdens imposed upon these articles which enter into the consumption of the poorer classes of our citizens be at once removed. The official vote for Governor was as follows: S. J. Kirkwook, Rep 69,853-16,608 William H. Merritt, Dem 43,245 The Democratic convention was held at the Capitol in 1862, and the following ticket nominated: Secretary of State, Eichard H. Sylvester; Auditor, John Browne; Treasurer, Samuel H. Lorah; Attorney-General, Benton J. Hall; Regis- ter of Land Office, Fred. Gottschalk. The following is the platform adopted: 1. That the constitution and the Union and the laws must be preserved and maintained in all their rightful supremacy, and that rebellion against them must be suppressed arid put down; and that we are in favor of the employment of all constitutional means for that purpose, not merely by force of arms, but by such other ^^ 168 HISTORY OF IOWA. measures as common sense, reason and patriot- ism will readily suggest to tlio governing powers. 2. That the true interests of the country, as well as the dictates of humanity, require no more war or acts of war should be prosecuted or done ihan are necessary and proper for the prompt and complete suppression of the rebel- lion. 3. That the present war, as avowed by the President and Congress, and understood by the people, was commenced and prosecuted for the purpose of suppressing the rebellion, and pre- serving and vindicating the constitution of the Union and the laws, and for that purpose only. 4. That the doctrines of the secessionists and of the abolitionists, as the latter are now repre- sented in Congress, are alike false to the consti- tution and irreconcilable with the unity and peace of the country, the first have already involved us in a cruel civil war, and the others (the abolitionists) will leave the country but little hope of I3ie speedy restoratibn of Union or peace, unless the schemes of confiscation, eman- cipation, and other unconstitutional measures, which have been lately carried and attempted to be carried through Congress, be revoked by the people. 6. That the doctrine of State necessity is unknown to our government or laws, but the constitution and the laws are sufficient for any emergency, and that the suppression of the free- dom of speech and the press, and the unlawful arrest of citizens, and the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, in violation of the constitution in States where the civil authorities are unim- peded, is most dangerous to civil liberty, and should be resisted at the ballot-box by every freeman of the land. 6. That this is a government of white men, and was established exclusively for the white race; that the negroes are not entitled to and ought not to be admitted to political or social equality with the white race, but that it is our duty to treat them with kindness and considera- tion, as an inferior and dependent race; that the right of the several States to determine the position and duties of the race is a sovereign 1 right, and the pledges of the constitution require us, as loyal citizens, not to interfere therewith. That the party fanaticism or the crime, whicli- ever it may be called, that seeks to turn the slaves of the Southern States loose to overrun the North, and into competition with the white laboring clacses, thus degrading their manhood by placing them on an equality with negroes in their occupation, is insulting to our race and meets our emphatic and unqualified condemna- tion. 7. That the purchase of the slaves by the government, as proposed by the President, will impose an enormous and unendurable burden upon the present generation, and entail upon posterity grievous exactions. 8. That Congress, in the enactment of the late tariff and tax bills,, and the President by his avowal, have imposed unfair and unjust enact- ments upon the people at large, by discriminat- ing in these acts in favor of the comparatively wealthy, and against those who are least able to bear the burdens of taxation. 9. That we recur with patriotic pride to the bravery and valor of the oflicers and soldiers of all the Iowa regiments exhibited in the struggle upon the many bloody fields in which they have been engaged; and that this convention, in be- half of the Democracy of this State, tenders to them a united testimony to their valor, and devotion to the constitution and the Union, and offer to the friends and families of those who have fallen upon the field, its sincere sympathy and condolence. 10. That viewing the glories of the paet and contemplating the realities of the present, we believe there is no hope in the future for the perpetuity of our government, but by preserving the constitution inviolate and in respecting it by both government and people as a sacred deposit of individual and State rights; in an economical and systematic administration of the govern- ment by which corruption will be prevented, extravagance restrained, expenditures reduced, and heavy taxation rendered unnecessary; in cultivating among the people that spirit of American fraternity which once knew no North, IS* 'k HISTORY OF IOWA. 169 no South, no East, no West, except as parts of one unbroken Union; in submitting questions which might arise hereafter, effecting the legal rights of States to the judicial tribunals and not to the executive or legislative branch of the government. And firmly believing in the efficiency of the principles herein enunciated, we implore the blessing of God upon our efforts to have them applied to the administration of the government, and we appeal to our fellow citizens who love the constitution and Union as it was before its harmony was disturbed by abolition fanaticism, and its bonds broken by rebellion. The Republicans met at DesMoines and nominated as follows: Secretary of State, James Wright; Auditor of State, Jona- than W. Cattell; Treasurer of State, Wm. H. Holmes; Attorney-General, Charles C. NouTse; Register of the State Land Office, Josiah A. Harvey. The platform adopted lead as follows: We, the delegates of the Republican party of Iowa, assembled to declare anew our political belief, and to select candidates for important official positions, present to the people the fol- lowing as our articles of faith: 1. That the constitution of the United States is the fundamental law of the land; that it was adopted by our fathers to establish justice and secure the blessings of liberty to themselves and their posterity; that in accordance with the forms prescribed by that instrument, and by the laws of Congress, Abraham Lincoln was elected by the voluntary suffrages of the people as the Chief Magistrate of the United States for the term of four years; that before he had taken the oath of office or exercised any of the powers with which he had been clothed, certain States of the Union passed ordinances of secession, assuming thereby to be no longer a part of, nor subject to the laws of, the United States; that soon afterward they organized a separate con- federation, proclaimed their independence of and hostility to the federal government, and from that time to the present have waged cause- less, merciless and barbarious warfare against the republic, to which they owe perpetual grati- tude and allegiance. 3. That for the maintenance of the govern- ment, in this the hour of its peril, it is the duty of every citizen to devote time, labor, property, life; that we, as the representatives of an organ- ized association of citizens, publicly pledge all our energies and substance, should they be needed, for the governmental defense. 3. That we have undiminished confidence in the President of the United States, that he is faithful to his pledges, is honest and determined in his purposes to crush the rebellion and main- tain the union of the States, and that we earn- estly endorse the action of our Representatives in Congress in aiding to pass laws for the aboli- tion of slavery in the District of Columbia; for the perpetuation of freedom in all the Territo- ries of the republic; for the confiscation of the property of rebels, and clothing the President with authority to use the slaves of traitors for all military purposes. 4. That we abhor all sympathizers with seces- sion, who, to cover their treasonable sentiments, raise the cry of abolitionism; but that, on the contrary, we will honor any loyal citizen, what- ever may have been his former political associa- tions, who will sustain, with all his power, the struggle of Democratic Republicanism against traitorous aristocracy, Korth or South. 5. That, extending a hearty welcome to those who are present with us in this convention who have left the so-called Democratic party, we in- vite all loyal citizens, regardless of former political associations, and who are in favor of giving the national administration their honest support, to co-operate with us, and we commend to all of such the patriotic words of the lamented Douglas, who said: "There is only two sides to this question. Every man must be for the United States or against it. There can be no neutrality in this war— only patriots or traitors." 6. That we reiterate the demand for an eco- nomical administration of our national and State government, and for a punishment of fraudu- lent contractors and plunderers of the public treasury. ^ -^ ITO HISTORY OF IOWA. 7. That the valor of our soldiers and sailors, - and especially those of our own State, on every battlefield to -which they have been called, has earned for them a lasting gratitude, and com- mended themselves and their families to our practical sympathy and aid. 8. That the State of Iowa will promptly fur- nish her quota of troops called for by the recent proclamation of the President, and any addi- tional number which the public service may require. 9. That the voluntary enlistment of our adopted citizens in the army and navy, and their tried valor on our battle-fields, have demon- stratea the warmth of their patriotism and an appreciation of liberty and good government which have earned for them the proud name of American citizens and soldiers. 10. That as citizens of a loyal State, whose patriotism, Ijoth at home and upon foreign battle-fields, has spoken for itself, we earnestly, appeal to the incumbents of the legislative and executive departments of the government, to use every legitimate means in their possession to crush the rebellion, and if, as a last measure for the preservation of the republic, it shall become necessary to blot out the institution of slavery from the soil of every State, we will say Amen, letting the consequences fall upon the wicked authors of the war, and leaving the final issue with God. The official vote on Secretary of State was as follows: Jarhes Wright, Rep 66,014—15.205 Richard H. Sylvester, Dem 50,809 In 1863 the Democrats met in conven- tion at DesMoines, and nominated Maturin L. Fisher for Governor. Mr. Fisher sub- sequently declining, Gen. James M. Tattle was substituted; John F. Lumcombe was nominated for Lieutenant-Governor, and Charles Mason for Supreme Judge. The following was the platform adopted: In view of the circumstances that have brought us together, we hereby resolve: 1. That the will of the people is the founda- tion of all free government. That to give efiFoot to this will, free thought, frqe speech and free press are absolutely indispensable. Without free discussion there is no certainty of sound judgment; without sound judgment there can be no wise government. 3. That it is an inherent and constitutional right of the people to discuss all measures of their government, and to approve or disapprove as to their best judgment seems right. That they have a like right to propose and advocate that policy which, in their judgment, is best, and to argue and vote against whatever policy seems to them to violate the consiitution, to imperil their literties, or to be detrimental to their welfare. 3. That these and all other rights guaranteed to them by the constitution are their rights in war as well as in times of peace, and of far more value and necessity in war than in peace: for in peace, liberty, security and property are seldom endangered; in war they are ever in peril. 4. That we now say to all whom it may con- cern, not by way of threat, but calmly and firmly, that we will not surrender these rights, nor submit to their forcible violation. We will obey laws ourselves, and all others must obey them. 5. That there is a manifest difference between the administration of the government and the government itself. The government consists of the civic and political institutions created by the constitution, and to the people owe allegi- ance. That administrations are but agents of the people, subject to their approval or con- demnation, according to the merit or demerit of their acts. 6. That we are opposed to the war for the purpose of carrying out the emancipation procla- mation of the President of the United States; and if the Federal administration expect a united North to attend its efforts to suppress a rebellion, it must not only come back to its object of the war, as set forth in the Crittenden resolution adopted by the House of Representa- tives in July, 1861, but it must, in its dealings — >^^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 171 with the people of the States, infringe upon no one single right guaranteed to the people by either the federal or State constitutions. 7. That we declare our determined opposition to a system of emancipation by the State upoa compensation to be made out of the treasury of the United States, as burdensome upon the people, unjust in Its very nature, and wholly without warrant of the constitution. 8. That we declare that the power which has recently been assumed by the President, where- in, under the guise of military necessity, he has proclaimed and extended, or asserts the right to proclaim or extend, martial law over States where war does not exist, and has suspended the writ of habeas corpus, is unwarranted by the constitution, and Its tendency is to subordinate the civil to the military authority, and subvert our free government. 9. That we deem it proper further to declare, that we, together with the loyal people of the State, would hail with delight any manifestation of a desire on the part of the seceded States to return to their allegiance to the government of the Union; and, in such event, we would cor- dially and earnestly cooperate with them in the restoration of peace and the procurement of suoh proper guarantees as would give security to all their interests and rights. 10. That the soldiers composing our armies merit the warmest thanks of the nation. The country called, and nobly did they respond. Living, they shall know a nation's gratitude; wounded, a nation's care; and, dying, they shall live in otir memory, and monuments shall be raised to teach posterity to honor the patriots and heroes who offered their, lives at their country's altar. The widows and orphans shall be adopted by the nation, to be watched over and cared for as objects fully worthy of the nation's guardianship. 11. That we will adhere to the constitution and the Union as the best, it may be the last, hope of popular freedom, and for all wrongs which may exist, will seek redress under the constitution and within the Union by the peace- ful but powerful agency of the suffrages of a free people. 12. That we hail with pleasure and hope, manifestations of conservative sentiment among the people of the Northern States in their elec- tions, and regard the same as the earnest of a good purpose upon their part to co-operate with all citizens in giving security to the rights of every section, and maintaining the Union and constitution as they were ordained by the foun- ders of the republic. 13. That we will earnestly support every constitutional measure tending to preserve the union of the States. No men have a greater Interest in its preservation than we have. None desire it more; none who will make greater sacrifices or endure more than we will to accom- plish that end. We are, as we have ever been, the devoted friends of the constitution and the Union; and have no sympathy with the enemies of either. 14. That the establishment of military gov- ernment over loyal States where war does not exist, to supersede the civil authorities and sup- press the freedom of speech and of the press, and to interfere with the elective franchise, is not only subversive of the constitution and the sovereignty of the States, but the actual inaueu- ration of revolution. 15. That we denounce as libelers of the Democratic party and enemies of the country, the men who are engaged in representing the Democracy as wanting in sympathy with our galliint defenders. 16. That we earnestly denounce the authors of those heresies, secessionism and abolitionism, which have culminated in an armed rebellion, desolated our country and brought sorrow to the heart of every person in this broad land. The Republicans met at DesMoine?, June iTth, and adopted the following platform : "We, a convention of representatives of the loyal people of the State of Iowa, assembled under the call of the Republican organization of the State, as an expression of the views which shall govern our political action, do declare: 1. That when our fathers formed our consti- tution, and founded thereon a republican form -* :_s 172 HISTOEY OF IOWA. of government, they intended to and did grant to that goYernment full power to sustain its natural existence. 2. That whenever the life of the Republic is endangered, either by invasion or rebellion, the constitution justifies the use of all necessary means known to civilized warfare in resisting invasion or suppressing rebellion. 3. That we fully and heartily endorse the policy of the administration, and we will to the utmost continue to sustain the government in suppressing the rebellion, and to effect that object we pledge our fortunes and our lives. 4. That the gratitude of a free people is due to our soldiers in the field, both native and foreign born, for that heroic valor by which they have honored us and sustained the flag of our country, and we guarantee to Jhem con- tinued encouragement and support. 5. That we have witnessed with pride and admiration the bravery and heroism of Iowa soldiers, and we recognize in their brilliant ca- reer a history for the State of Iowa, second to that of no other State in the Union. 6. That we approve of the action of the Gen- eral Assembly of the State, in enacting a law giving to our brave soldiers in the field an opportunity to vote at our elections, and we earnestly hope that no technicality may deprive them of their right. 7. That this convention hereby tenders to Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood the cordial thanks of the loyal people of Iowa for the able, fearless, and patriotic discharge of his duties, during the two terms he held the office of Governor of the Slate. 8. Finally, we declare that the preservation of the constitution and the Union is above and beyond all other interests, and that all questions of party, of life, and of property, must be sub- ordinate thereto. At that convention the following ticket was nominated: Governor, William M. Stone; Lieutenant-Governor, Enoch W. Eastman; Judge of th^ Supreme Court, John F. Dillon. The official vote on Governor was as follows : W. M. Stone, Rep., 80,123—38,174' J. M. Tuttle, Dem 47,948 The year 1864 brought with it another Presidentiai campaign. The Republicans placed in the field for re-election Abraham Lincoln, while the Democrats nominated General George B. McClellan. In Iowa the Democrats met in convention at Des Moines, June 16th, and placed in nomina- tion the following named, without adopt- ing resolutions : Secretary of State, John H. Wallace; Attorney-General, Charles A. Dunbar; Treasurer, J. B. Lash; Auditor, H. B. Hendershott; Register State Land Office, B. D. Holbrook; Supreme Jjdge, Thomas M. Monroe. The Eepublicans held their convention July 7th, at DesMoines, when they nomi- nated the following ticket: Supreme Judge, C. C. Cole; Secretary of State, James Wright; Auditor of State, John A. Elliott; Treasurer, Wm. H. Holmes; Attorney- General, Isaac L. Allen; Register Land Office, J. A. Harvey. The platform adopted was as follows: Resolved, That we hereby ratify the nomina- tion of Abraham Lincoln for President, and Andrew Johnson for Vice - President of the United States, for the next term, and we pledge for them the electoral vote of Iowa, 2. That we cordially approve and adopt the platform of resolutions presented by the National Union Convention at its recent session in Balti- more, and that we most heartily endorse the action of Congress in repealing all laws for the return of fugitive slaves and abolishing the inter-State coastwise slave trade. 8. That the brave sons of Iowa who have gone forth to defend the cause of liberty and Union on the battle-fields of the South, and •^ a i V « *w. A HISTORY OF IOWA. 173 whose heroic achievementB have shed imperish- able glory on our State and nation, we offer our highest praises and our most fervent gratitude, and that our State government should continue to make liberal provisions for the protection and support of their families. 4. That to the women of Iowa, whose patriotic labors have contributed so much moral and material aid and comfort to our sick and wounded soldiers, we tender our heartfelt thanks. A Peace Convention was held at Iowa City, August 24th, when the following res- olutions were adopted : Whekbas, We believe that there is indispu- table evidence existing that the Union may be restored on the basis of the federal constitution; and, Whbkeas, We further believe that a vigorous prosecution of this abolition war means the speedy bringing about of a division of the Re- public; and being ourselves in favor of a restored Union, and against the acknowledgment of a Southern Confederacy, therefore, be it Besolved, That the war nowbeing prosecuted by the Lincoln administration is unconstitutional and oppressive, and is the prbliHc source of a multitude of usurpations, tyrannies and corrup- tions, to wliich no people can loug submit, with- out becoming permanently enslaved. a. That we are opposed to the further prose- cution of the war, believing that the Union can be preserved in its integrity by the President agreeing to an armistice, and by calling a national convention of sovereign States, to con- sider the terms upon which all the people may again live together in peace and harmony. 5. That believing war to be disunion, and desiring to stop the further flow of precious blood for a purpose so wicked as disunion, we respectfully urge the President to postpone the draft for 500,000 men "to be driven like bullocks to the slaughter," until the result of an armistice and national convention of States is known. 4. That in the coming election we wUl have a free ballot or a free fight. ^i 5. That should Abraham Lincoln owe his re- election to the electoral votes of the seceded States, under the application of the President's "one-tenth" system and military dictation, and should he attempt to execute the duties of the President by virtue of such an election, it will become the solemn mission of the people to depose the usurper, or else be worthy the slavish degradation, which submission under such cir- cumstances, would seem to be their just desert. 6. That if the nominee of the Chicago con- vention is fairly elected, he must be inaugurated, let it cost what it may. 7. That, in respect to the general relations which do and ought to exist between the federal and State governments, we approve and will ad- here to the principles in the Virginia and Ken- tucky resolutions of '98— to the interpretations thereof by Jefferson, Madison and Jackson — and to the resolutions passed by every Democratic convention held in this country— to all of which special reference is here made, in utter condem- nation of the war, and of its incidents. 8. That in respect to the new and disturbing element of our times — negro equality — we shall maintain that the status of the inhabitants (black, white and mixed) of the States, within their respective States (now sought to be con- trolled by federal bayonets), is, and ought to be, an exclusively State regulation; that the African negro is not our equal in a political or social sense; and that every usurping attempt, by fed- eral force, so to declare him, will meet with our determined resistance. 9. That the foregoing preamble and resolu- tions be tubmitted to our delegation to the Chi- cago convention, for their consideration. The official vote at the November elec- tion, on Secretary of State, fAs as follows: James Wright, Eep 90,033—40,090 John H. Wallace, Dem. 49,913 The Republicans were the first to meet in convention in 1865. They met at Des Moines June 14th, and selected the follow- ing ticket: Governor, Wm. M. Stone; Lieutenant-Governor, Benjamin F. Gue- ^1 fk 174 HISTORY OF IOWA. Supt. of Public Instruction, Oran Fay ville; Supreme Judge, Geo. G. Wright. The platform adopted was as follows : Beaojaed, That the perpetuation of the federal Union, with all guarantees of Republican liberty 'ivhich its founders contemplated, is the most sacred political duty of American citizenship. 2. That, during the four years of war, inau- gurated by pro-slavery traitors, the great truth has been demonstrated, in devastation and death, that the nation cannot exist half slave and half free, and believing that political and religious freedom is the natural right of man- kind evervwhere, we do most fervently pray, and shall most earnestly labor, for the ratifica- tion of that amendment to the fundamental law which provides for the abolition of slavery throughout all the States and Territories of the federal Union. 3. That, to the end that the consequences of treason may be made so appalling that never again shall it be inaugurated upon the United States soil, we recommend the permanent dis- franchisement of leaders of the rebellion, civil and military; and that the late President of the so-called Confederate States of America, as the deepest embodiment of criminal barbarity,- be brought to the speediest trial and swiftest execu- tion, regardless of the habiliments, under the immunities of which he sought, in the day of his calamity, to take refuge. 4. That, with proper safeguards to the purity of t^e ballot-box, the elective franchise should be based upon loyalty to the constitution of the Union, recognizing and affirming equality of all men before the law. "Therefore, we are in favor of amending the constitution of our State by striking out the word 'white' in the article of refugfl." 5. That we extend to Andrew Johnson, in his assumption of Presidential responsibilities, our confidence and support, pledging for the patri- otic masses of Iowa a continuance of the same devotion to the federal flag which was promptly extended to his predecessors. 6. That now the war is practically ended, and our brave citizen soldiery of Iowa may return to their homes and avocations of peace, we extend to them the grateful thanks of the people, and a welcome, such as only the patriotic and the brave are entitled to receive. 7. That every man who voluntarily left his home in this State, before or during the rebellion, with a view to serve the cause of treason in the rebel army or navy, and also every man who left his State to avoid military service, due from him to the government, should be forever debaiTed by constitutional provision, from holding public office, and from the exercise of the rights of suf- frage in this State, 8. That we approve the actions of our State executive in his hearty support of the general government, and we tender the thanks of this convention for the faithful administration ol his office. 9. That we humbly return thanks to Almighty God for the deliverance of our State and nation from the further perils of war, and that we de- voutly recognize His hand in the great work which has been wrought in the last four years, for our people and for humanity. The next convention held this year was a "Soldiers' Coiivention," or, as the body termed itself, "The Union Anti-Negro Suf- frage Party," which convened at the Cap- itol August 23d, and adopted a platform and selected candidates for the various offices to be filled, as follows : Governor, Gen. Thos. H. Benton; Lieut.-Governor, Col. S. G. Van Anda; Supreme Judge, H. H. Trimble; Supt. of Public Instruction, Capt. J. W. Senate. The platform read as follows : We, the delegated representatives of the sol- diers and loyal citizens of Iowa, feeling pro- foundly grateful for the restoration of peace after four years of bloody war, have met to- gether, as free American citizens, to adopt such measures as in our judgment will most certainly tend to perpetuate our glorious union of States, and with the blessings of free institutions and vn :f: '-^ HISTORY OF IOWA, 175 the peace so happily restored, hereby adopt the following platform of principles, viz: 1. We are in favor of the Monroe doctrine. 8. We sustain the administration of Presi- dent Johnson, and especially endorse his recon- struction policy, and we pledge him our earnest and unqualified support. 3. We are opposed to negro sufirage or to the striking of the word "white" out of the article on suffrage in our State constitution, and will support no candidate for office, either State or national, who is in favor of negro suffrage or of the equality of the white and black races. 4. We are in favor of the amendment of the constitution of the United States, abolishing slavery and the ratification of the same by our next Legislature. 6. That, inasmuch as we do not sufficiently know the sentiment of the people of the State in regard to the prohibitory liquor law, we deem it expedient to refer this matter to the di£Eerent county conventions to take such action in the matter as by them is deemed proper, and to instruct their Senators and Representatives accordingly. 6. We are in favor of the brave soldiers and marines who have faithfully served their coun- try in the army and navy of the United States, and especially of the crippled or disabled sol- diers, having the preference for all offices of profit, honor or trust, either by appointment or otherwise, where they are equally competent and qualified to discharge the duties of the office or the trust reposed. 7. That we cherish with grateful remem- brance the memoiy of our dead soldiers, and ever will be ready and willing to lend our aid, sympathy and protection to the crippled and disabled soldiers, and the widows and orphans of the war. The Democrats also held a convention, made no nominations, but adopted the fol- lowing platform: 1. That we heartily rejoice in the suppres- sion of the great rebellion and the preservation of the Union, and give unfeigned thanks to Almighty God for the restoration of peace. 2. In order that this peace may be permanent and its effects speedily and widely felt, we be- lieve it is the duty of every patriot to sustain cordially the present policy of President John- son in reconstructing the States recently in rebellion. 3. That the establishment of a monarchy on the soil of this continent is in direct defiance of the Monroe doctrine — a doctrine accepted and recognized by all true Americans; and it is the duty of the Government of the United States to see that the people of Mexico are freed from the oppression of foreign bayonets, and the republic restored. 4. That we favor rigid economy in the national and State expenditures, and will insist on the reduction of the numberless horde of useless office-holders who feed like locusts on the hard earnings of the people. 6. That we earnestly condemn the trial of American citizens for civil offenses by courts- martial and military courts, in States and dis- tricts where civil law is unimpeded in its opera- tions and in full force. 6. That we are radically opposed to negro equality in all its phases, and accept the issue tendered by the late Republican convention of the 14th of June in making that doctrine the chief plank in its platform by proposing to strike the word "white" out of the article on suffrage in the constitution of Iowa. 7. That the attacks on General Sherman, originating in the War Department at Washing- ton, and servilely copied and endorsed by many of the leading Republican papers of the State, are the offspring of envy and fanatacism, and will recoil with crushing force on the heads of his calumniators. 8. That we feel a just pride in the progress of our army and navy, and especially of the soldiers of Iowa, who, under Grant and Sher- man, have made a lasting and glorious record of their patient endurance of suffering, their .ad- mirable discipline and indomitable valor. 9. That we hail with joy the return of these brave men from the battlefield, and extend to them our grateful thanks for their services and s "S* Uk s ^ 176 HISTORY OF IOWA. a heartywelcome to their homes, and believe that it is the duty, as it will be the pleasure, of their fellow-citizens to see that a due proportion of the civil honors and offices of the State shall be distributed among them, and the fostering care of the public extended to the widows and orphans of those who died in the service of their country. 10. That the assassinatian of President Lin- coln was an act of unmitigated barbarism, and one that should be held in utter abhorance by every good citizen. The official vote for Governor is as fol- lows: William M. Stone, Rep 70,445—16,375 Thos. H. Benton, Anti- Negro Suf .54,070 Questions growing out of reconstruction of Southern States afforded the issues for 1860. The first convention in this State was held by the Republicans at the Capi- tol, June 20, where the following ticket was nominated: Secretary of State, Col. Ed. Wright; Treasurer, Maj. S.E. Rankin; Auditor, J. A. Elliott; Register of State Land Office, Col. C. C. Carpenter; Attor- ney-General, F. E. Russell; Reporter of Supreme Court, E. H. Stiles; Clerk of Supreme Court, Lieut. C. Linderman. A platform was adopted, which reads as follows: Besolved, That the first and highest duty of our free government is to secure to all its citi- zens, regardless of race, religion or color, equality before the law, equal protection from it,, equal responsibility to it, and to all that have proved their loyalty by their acts, an equal voice in making it. 2. That the reconstruction of the States lately in the rebellion belongs, through their rejvresentatives in Congress, to the people who have subdued the rebellion and preserved the nation, and not to the executive alone. 3. That we heartily approve of the joint resolution lately passed by the Senate and House of Representatives in Congress assembled, pro- posing to the Legislature of the several States an additional article by way of amendment to the federal constitution, and we pledge the rati- fication of that amendment by the Legislature of Iowa. 4. That in the firm and manly adherence of the Union party in Congress to the above prin- ciples, we recognize new guarantys to the safety of the nation, and we pledge to Congress our continued and earnest support. 5. That we are in favor of the enforcement of the Monroe doctrine, and that we extend to all people struggling to preserve nationality or to achieve liberty, our warmest support. 6. That we are in favor of the equalization of the bounties of soldiers who faithfully served their country in the war for the suppression of the rebellion. 7. That we are in favor of the nomination and election to office of such persons as are known to possess honesty and capacity, and we unqualifiedly condemn dishonesty and careless- ness in every department of the public service. A conservative convention was called, which convened at DesMoines June 27, and nominated the following ticket: Sec- retary of State, Col. S. G. VanAnda; Treasurer, Gen. Poe A. Slone; Auditor of State, Capt. R. W. Cross; Attorney-Gen- eral, Capt. Webster Balinger; Supreme Court Reporter, Capt. J. W. Senate; Clerk, Lewis Kinney, The following platform was adopted: 1. "We hold that the constitution of the United States is the paladium of our liberties, and that any departure from its requirements by the legislative, executive or judicial departments of the government is subversive of the funda- mental principles of our republican institutions. 2. Repudiating the radical doctrine of State rights and secession on the one hand, and the centralization and consolidation of federal authority on the other, as equally dangerous; and believing that no State can secede, and the IV _i 2) 't HISTORY OF IOWA. 177 war having been prosecuted on our part, as ex- pressly declared by Congress itself, to defend and maintain the supremacy of the constitution, and to preserve the Union inviolate, with all the dignity, equality and rights of the States unim- paired, the federal arms having been victftrious, we hold that all the States are still in the Union, and entitled to equal rights under the constitu- tion, and that Congress has no power to exclude a State from the Union, to govern it as a teiTi- tory, or to deprive it of representation in the councils of the nation, when its representatives have been elected and qualified in accordance with the constitution and laws of the land. 3. While we fully concede to the federal government the power to enforce obedience to the constitution and laws enacted in conformity with it, and to punish those who resent its legiti- mate authority in the several States, we believe ID the maintenance, inviolable, of the rights of the States, and especially of the right of each State to order and control its own domestic insti- tutions according to its own judgment, exclu- sively, as essential to that balance of power on which the perfection and endur;mce of our political institutions depend. i. We hold that each State has the right to prescribe the qualifications of its electors, and we are opposed to any alteration of the State constitutions on the subject of sufirage. 5. We consider the national debt a sacred obligation, and the honor and reservation of the government as irrevocably pledged for its liqui- dation; no obligation, incurred in any manner whatever in aid of the rebellion, should ever be assumed or paid. 6. The nation owes a lasting debt of gratitude to our soldiers and sailors of the late war for the suppression of the rebellion; and in the bestowal of public patronage by election or appointment, preference should be given to those competent to perform duties required, and as a positive reward for their services, the government should give to each of those who have fallen in the ser- vice, or have been honorably discharged, or their legal representatives, one hundred and sixty acres of land; and justice to those who entered the service in the early part of the war demands that immediate provision should be made for the equalization of bounties, 7. We cordially endorse the restoration policy of President Johnson as wise, patriotic, consti- tutional, and in harmony with the loyal senti- ment and puipose of the people in the suppres- sion of the rebellion, with the platform upon which he was elected, with the declared policy of the late President Lincoln, the action of Congress, and the pledges given during the war. 8. We regard the action of Congress, in refus- ing to admit loyal representatives from the States recently in rebellion, as unwarranted by the constitution, and calculated to embarrass and complicate, rather than adjust, our national trouble. 9. The ratification by the legislatures of the several States of the amendment to the consti- tution of the United" States, for the abolition of slavery, settles that question virtually, and meets our hearty approval. 10. We are opposed to any further amend- ments to the constitution of the United Slates until all the States are represented in Congress, and have a vote in making the same. 11. We are in favor of a strict adherence to the Monroe doctrine, and extend to all people struggling to preserve nationality and liberty- cur warmest sympathy. 12. All officers entrusted with the manage- ment of funds should be held to a strict account- ability for the faithful application of the same, and in case of the defalcation or misuse of such funds, they should not be permitted to evade responsibility by implicating irresponsible agents selected by themselves. Any party that counte- nances such evasion becomes accessoiy to the crime. — The Democratio convention assembled July 11th at DesMoines. No Democratic candidates were selected, save for two offices, the committee on nominations recommending that the convention nomi- nate candidates for Clerk and Reporter of -^nr*" ^ @ *^ ^. 1Y8 HISTOEY OF IOWA. the Supreme Court, and "that we recom- mend and will co-operate with the conser- vative element of the Republican party in their efforts to restore the Union and de- feat radical disunionism, and for that purpose hereby agree to support their candidates." The convention named Capt. Albert Stoddard for Clerk of the Supreme Court, and Capt. Fred. Gottschalk for Reporter. The following resolutions were adopted: Resolved, That the Democracy of Iowa will adhere in the present and the future, as in the past, with unfaltering fidelity and firmness to the organization of the Democratic party, and to its ancient and well settled principles, as enunci- ated by Thomas Jefferson, the great apostle of American Democracy, and as acknowledged and accepted by the party from the foundation of the government, and especially of equal taxa- tion and representation of all the States subject to taxation. 8. That the one great question of the day is the immediate and unconditional restoration of all the States to the exercise of their rights within the federal Union under the constitution, and that we will cordially and actively support Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, in all necessary and proper means to carry out his policy as directed to that end, and especially in securing immediate representation in the Senate and House of Representatives, to the eleven States from which it is now unconsti- tutionally and arbitrarily withheld. 3. That for the purposes above set forth we ■will co-operate in public meeting, conventions and at the polls with all men without reference to past party position, who honestly, and by their acts, and votes as well as by their profes- sion, support the President in his policy of res- toration as declared. 4. That the exemption of United States bonds from tax is nothing else than exemption of rich men from tax, because they are rich, and they tax the poor man because he is poor. Hence, Justice and equality require that said bonds should be taxed. 5. That strict and impartial justice demands that the expenses of the general government as well as the State governments should be paid by the people according to their ability and not ac- cording to their necessities. Hence we are opposed now, as in the past, to ttie high tariflE which tends to burden the producer for the ben- efit of -the manufacturer. 6. That the so-called Maine liquor law is in- consistent with the genius of a free people, and unjust and burdensome in its operations. It has vexed and harrassed the citizens, burdened the counties with expenses, and proved wholly useless in the suppression of intemperance. The opinion of this convention is that the same ought to be repealed. 7. That the plunder of the State treasury, by Governor Stone and accomplices, calls for the condemnation of every honest man in the State, and if the radicals of the last Legislature had been true to the interests of the people, they would not have labored to save the criminals, but would have prosecuted them to a speedy and condign punishment. 8. That we are in favor of a prompt and effective enforcement of the Monroe doctrine, and we heartily sympathize with the people of every country struggling for their liberties. 9. That we approve of the National Union Convention to be held at Philadelphia on the 14th of next month; that we approve of the principles and policy set forth in the address of the Democratic members of Congress, urging the Democracy of the nation to unite with the objects of that convention. 10. That the memofy of the brave oiHcers and soldiers who lost their lives fighting for the Union during the recent rebellion, is embalmed in the hearts of the American people, and that justice, as well as humanity, demands at the hands of the American people that the widows and orphans of those who died in the Union service shall be duly provided for by liberal pensions; that there shall be an equalization of bounty eo that those who breasted the war at ^^ "k^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 179 the start shall share the equal pecuniary mu- nificence of those who entered the army at a later date. 11. That we most cordially sympathize with the movement now being made by the friends of Ireland to obtain the independence of that glorious country from under the yoke of English tyranny, and that we bid them God speed in the noble work, and hope that the subject of the independence of Ireland will continue to be agi- tated until the Emerald Isle shall stand out in full and bold relief on the map of the world as one of the independent nations of the eartli. On Secretary of State the official vote was as follows: Ed. Wright, Rep 91,227—35,373 G. G. VanAnda, Dem 55,854 In 1867 the Republicans met in conven- tion at DesMoines, June 19th. They nominated for Governor, Col. Saml. Mer- rill; Lieutenant-Governor, Col. Jno. Scott; Judge of Supreme Court, Hon. J. M. Beck; Attorney-General, Maj . Henry O'Connor; Superintendent Public Instruction, Prof. D. Franklin Wells. The following is the platform adopted by the convention: 1. That we again proclaim it as a cardinal principle of our political faith that all men are equal before the law, and we are in favor of such amendments to the constitution of the State of Iowa as will secure the rights of the ballot, the protection of the law and equal rights to all men, irrespective of color, race or religion. 2. That we approve of the military recon- struction acts passed by the 39th and 40th Con- gress. The illiberal construction by unfriendly oflicials depriving these acts of their energy and vitality, we demand that Congress assemble in July to carry out by additional enactments the true and original intent of said acts, the restora- tion of the rebel States upon a sure and loyal basis. 8. That the promt trial and puliishment, according to law, of the head of the late rebel- lion, for his infamous crimes, is imperatively demanded for the vindication of the constitu- tion and the laws, and for the proper punish- ment of the highest crimes, it is demanded by justice, honor and a proper regard for the pro- tection of American citizenship, and by a due regard for the welfare and future safety of the republic, and it is due not only to the dignity of the nation, but in justice to the loyal people who have been so heroic in their devotion to the cause of the constitution, the Union and liberty, and to the soldiers of the Union who survive and the memory of the heroic dead. 4. That we are in favor of the strictest economy in the expenditures of public money, and that we demand at the hands of all officials, both State and national, a faithful and rigidly honest administration of public affairs. 6. That the Republican members of the Con- gress of the United States are entitled to the thanks of the nation for their firmness in resist- ing the conspiracy to turn over the control of the government to the hands of traitors and their allies, and defeating the purpose of a cor- rupt Executive, and thus sustaining the interests of liberty, in a great and dangerous crisis in our history. The Democracy were in convention July 26th, and nominated the following ticket: Governor, Charles Mason; Lieutenant- Governor, D. M. Harris; Supreme Judge, J. H. Craig; Attorney-General, W. T. Baker; Superintendent Public Instruction, M. L. Fisher. The platform adopted by the convention was as follows : Mesohed, That the maintenance, inviolate, of the rights of the States, especially the rights of each State to order and control its own institu- tions according to its own judgment exclusively, is essential to that balance of power on which the perfection and eridurance of our political fabric depends. 2. That we believe each State has the right to regulate the elective franchises for itself, and, as citizens of the State of Iowa, are opposed to striking the word "white" out of our State con- stitution. nr .k 180 fflSTORT OP IOWA. 8. That the existing tariff laws are unjust and heavily burdensome to the agricultural States, -without being of a corresponding benefit to the government, and only of advantage to a few manufacturing States, and should be re- pealed or greatly modified. 4. That all classes of property should pay a proportionate rate toward defraying the ex- •penses of the government. We are therefore in favor of taxing government bonds the same as other property. 5. That we are in favor of repealing the pres- ent liquor law of this State, and in favor of enactine; a well regulated license law in Ijeu thereof. 6. That we are in favor of an amendment to the constitution of our State giving to foreigners the elective franchise after they have declared , their intention of becoming citizens of the United States, and have resided in the State one year. 7. That we demand of our public officers in the State of Iowa and in the United States the strictest economy in order to reduce the present burdensome taxation, and we denounce in the severest terms the profligacy, corruption and knavery of our State officers and Congressmen. 8. That the denial of representation to ten States in the Union, through odious military reconstruction, in violation to the constitution, should meet the unqualified oppostion of every good citizen. On Governor the official vote was as fol- lows: Samuel Mei-rill, Kep 90,200—27,240 Charles Mason, Dem 62,960 The year 1868 brought with it another Presidential campaign. Ulysses S. Grant was the Republican nominee for President, and Horatio Seymour ^ that of the Demo- crats. In Iowa the campaign was opened by the Republicans, who nominated the following ticket : Secretary of State, Ed. Wright; Auditor of State, John A. Elli- ott; Treasurer of State, Maj. Samuel E. Rankin; Register of State Land Office, Col. C. C. Carpenter; Attorney-General, Major Henry O'Connor. The following platform was adopted : We, the delegates and representatives of the Republican party of Iowa, in convention assem- bled, do, for ourselves and party, resolve— 1. That it is as important that the principles of the Republican party should control, in the administration of the State and nation now, and for the future, as at any time since that party's organization; and that the restoration to power, under any pretext or any form of party organi- zation of the men who would again apply the principles and policy of the pro-slavery "party before and during the war, to the present and future administration of State and national aflairs, would be an evil of the greatest magni- tude, and full of danger to the countiy. 2. That, while we recognize the fact that the electors of Iowa are to act individually and directly upon the proposed amendment to the constitution of the State; and while we recog- nize that the principles embodied in said amend- ment are more sacred than party ties, and above all consideration of mere party policy, never- theless we deem it proper to again proclaim it as a cardinal principle of our political faith, that all men are equal before the law, and we are in favor of the proposed amendment of the consti- tution of the State of Iowa, which will secure the rights of the ballot, the protection of the law, and equal justice to all men irrespective of color, race or religion. 3. That we demand the strictest economy in the administration of our State and national government. 4. That we are in favor of the nomination of U. S. Grant as our candidate for President, and as a guarantee of his life and safety as well as that of the nation, our delegates are especially enjoined to secure, as our candidate for Vice- President, a Republican of unswerving fidelity and unimi)eachable integrity. 6. That the views, purposes and principles of the Republican organization of Iowa has ever a) V fk^ HISTORY OF IOWA. ]81 been well defined, understood and sustained, and ■we are resolved that the Republican standard shall never be lowered or compromised; that on the battle-field, at the polls, and in the councils of the nation, Iowa has ever been radically in earnest in fighting for and maintaining our lib- erty, our Union, the rights of man and the honor and integrity of the nation; and that we expect and demand of the national convention to as- semble at Chicago on the 20lh inst., an unequiv- ocal avowal of our principles, and upon such platform we propose to meet and overwhelm our political opponents. The Democracy met at DesMoinrg and made nominations as follows : Secretary of State, David Hammer, Register of Land OiBce, A. D. Anderson; Treasurer of State, L. McCarty; Auditor of State, H. Dun- lavey; Attorney-General, J. E. William- Bon. They also adopted the following res- olutions : Besoloed, By the Democracy of Iowa, in con- vention assembled, that the reconstruction policy of Congress is unconstitutional and destructive of the spirit of American liberty, and, if carried out, will inevitably result in a permanent mili- tary despotism, 2. That the present depressed condition of the country, with its prostrated business, para- lyzed industry, oppressive taxation and political anarchy, are the direct results of the unwise and unconstilutional legislation of the dominant party in Congress. 8. That it is the avowed object of the Con- gressional policy to continue in power the most venal and corrupt political party that ever dis- honored any civilization; a policy vindictively enacted and mercilessly prosecuted, with the unconstitutional purpose of centralizing and perpetuating all the political power of the gov- ernment in the dominant radical party in Con- gress. 4. That for the maintenance of the national credit, we pledge the honor of the Democracy of Iowa; but that we will unalterably oppose that policy which opposes to pay the rich man in gold and the poor man in depreciated currency; and that we believe that the currency which is good enough to pay the soldier, the widow and the orphan, is good enough for the bondholder; and that the bonds of the government, which are made payable on their face in "lawful money," popularly known as greenbacks, having been purchased with that kind of money, may be justly and honorably redeemed with the same; and it is the duty of the government to pay them off as rapidly as they become due, or the financial safety of the country will permit. 6, That the national bank system, organized in the interest of the bondholders, ought to be abolished, and the United States notes substi- tuted in lieu of a national bank currency, thus saving to the people, in interest alone, more than $18,000,000 annually; and until such system of banks shall be abolished, we demand that the shares of such banks in Iowa shall be subject to the same taxes. State and municipal, as other property of the State. 6. That it is the duty of the United States to protect all citizens, whether native or natural- ized, in every right, at home and abroad, without the pretended claim of foreign nations to per- petuate allegiance. 7. That we are in favor of the repeal of the prohibitory liquor law, and of the enactment of a judicious license law in its stead. 8. That we are opposed to conferring the right of suffrage upon the negroes in Iowa, and we deny the right of the general government to interfere with the question of suffrage in any of the States of the Union. 9. That the soldiers of Iowa, in the recent great revolution, exhibited a spirit of patriotism, courage and endurance, under great privation and sufferings, that have won for them the ad- miration of the nation, and entitle them to the kind recollection of their countrymen and the aid of a graceful government. 10. That Hon. Geo. H. Pendleton, of Ohio, is the first choice of the Democracy of Iowa for President of the United States. On Secretary of State, the official vote stood as follows: it, 182 HISTORY OF IOWA. Ed. Wright, Rep 120,265-45,801 David Hammer, Dem 74,464 The Republicans, in 1869, re-nominated Samuel Merrill for Governor; — Waldon for Lieutenant-Governor; John F. Dillon for Supreme Judge; A. S. Kissell for Superintendent of Public Instruction. They adopted the following resolutions: Besolmd, That we heartily endorse the admin- istration of Governor Merrill as economical and honest, and that it deserves, as it has received, the hearty approval of the people of Iowa. 2. That we unite upon a continuance of strict and close economy in all departments of our State government in behalf of the maintenance of the happy financial condition to which our State has attained under Eepublican rule. 3. That the means now in the State treasury, and which may become available, ought to be issued for the purpose of defraying the neces- sary expenditures of the State government, economically administered, and for no other puipose; and no State taxes, or only the mini- mum absolutely required, should be levied or collected until such means are exhausted, to the end that the burden of taxation may be made as light as possible. 4. That we rejoice in the glorious national victory of 1868, which has brought peace, happi- ness and prosperity to our nation; and we heartily endorse the administration of General Grant. 5. That the public expenditures of the na- tional government should be reduced to the lowest sum which can be reached by a system of the most rigid economy; that no money should be taken from the national treasury for any work of internal improvements, or for the erec- tion of any public buildings not clearly neces- sary to be made or erected, until the national debt is paid or greatly reduced. That all the money that can be saved from the national revenue, honestly collected, shotild be applied to the reduction of the national debt, to the end that the people may be relieved of the burthen of taxation as rapidly as practicable. 6. That we endorse and approve tlie policy which the present Secretary of the Treasury of the United States has pursued. The Democrats placed in nomination the following ticket: Governor, George Gillespie; Lieutenant-Governor, A. P. Richardson; Judge of the Supreme Court, W.F. Brannan; Superintendent of Public Instruction, Edward Jaeger. They, also, adopted as a platform the following: Whereas, Upon the eve of a political canvass, the time-honored usage of our party requires that a platform of principles be announced for the government of those who may be elected to of- fice; therefore, be it Resolved, That the Democratic party view with alarm the action of an unscrupulous majority in Congress, in its attempt to absorb the powers of the executive and judicial departments of the government, and to annihilate the rights and functions reserved to the State governments. 2. That we favor a reform in the national banking system, looking to an ultimate abolition of that pernicious plan for the aggrandizement of the few at the expense of the many. 3. That now, as in time past, we are opposed to a high protective tariflf, and that we will use every effort to prevent and defeat that system of national legislation which will enrich a small class of manufacturers, at the expense of the great mass of producers and consumers, and that we are in favor of such reforms in our tariff system as shall promote commerce with every nation of the world. 4. That the pretended trial, conviction and execution of persons not in the military or naval service of the United States, by military commis- sion, is in direct conflict with the constitution, and we denounce the^'same as unworthy of a. free people, and disgraceful to the American govern- ment. 6. That we demand no more, and will submit to nothing less than the settlement of the Ala- bama claims according to the recognized rules of international law, and that we declare it to be ^^ riv ^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 183 the duty of the government to protect every cit- izen, whether naturalized or native, in every right of liberty and property throughout the world, without the pretended claims of foreign nations to their allegiance. 6. That we are in favor of, and insist on, an economical administration of the national and State governments, that the people may be as speedily as possible relieved from the load of taxation with which they are now oppressed, and that public officers should be held to a strict accountability to the people for their official acts. 7. That a national debt is a national curse, and that while we favor the payment of the present indebtedness according to the strict let- ter of the contract, we would rather repudiate the same than see it made the means for the establishment of an empire upon the ruins of constitutional law and liberty. 8. That in the opinion of this convention the so-called Maine liquor law, which now disgraces the statute books of the State of Iowa, ought to be repealed at the earliest possible moment. The campaign of 1870 was short, the first convention being held by the Demo- crats at DesMoines, August 10. The nominations made were as follows: Sec- retary of State, Charles Doerr; Auditor of State, Wesley W. Garner; Treasurer of State, William C. James; Attorney-Gen- eral, H. M. Martin; Register of State Land Office, D. F. Ellsworth; Reporter of the Supreme Court, C. H. Bane; Clerk of the Supreme Court, William McLenan ; Judge of the Supreme Court, long term, J. C. Knapp; Judge of the Supreme Court, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resig- nation of Judge Dillon, P.Henry Smythe; Judge of the Supreme Oourt to fill the var cancy occasioned by the resignation of Judge Wright, Reuben Noble. They adopted the following platform: The representatives of the Democracy of Iowa, coming together in a spirit of toleration and de- votion to the doctrines of representative govern- ment, and relying for final success upon public discussion and the intelligence and patriotism of the people, deem the present convention a fitting occasion to proclaim the following as the prin- ciples of the Democratic party of Iowa: Beaohed, That the internal revenue system of the United States is unendurable in its oppres- sive exactions; that to impose burdens upon one class of citizens, or upon one branch of industry, to build up another, and to support an army of office-holders to enforce their collection, is an abuse of the taxing power, and that we are in favor of the collection of all taxes through State government. 3. That we are opposed to the present unjust and unequal tariff system, and in favor of one which, while adapted to the purpose of raising the necessary revenue to provide for the liquida- tion of our national indebtedness, to meet the expenditures of an economical administration, will not oppress labor and build up monopolies. 3. That we are in favor of such disposition of our public lands as will secure their occupa- tion by actual settlers, and prevent their absorp- tion by mammoth corporations. 4. That we assert the right of the people by legislative enactment, to tax, regulate, and con- trol all moneyed corporations upon which extra- ordinary rights are conferred by charters. 5. That we are opposed to any attempt to abridge the most full and free enjoyment of civil and religious liberty. 6. That we cordially invite the electors of Iowa to co-operate with us in the support of the principles herein enunciated. The Republicans met one week later than the Democrats, and nominated for Supreme Judge, full term, C. C. Cole; Su- preme Judge, Dillon vacancy, W. E. Mil- ler; Supreme Judge, Wright vacancy, Jas. G. Day; Secretary of State, Ed. Wright; Auditor, John Russell; Treasurer, S. E. Kankin; Register of Land Office, Aaron Brown; Attorney-General, Henry O'Con- ner; Reporter of the Supreme Court, E. ^ ^ 'k 184 HISTORY OF IOWA. H. Stiles; Clerk of SHpfeme Court, Chas. Linderman. The following are the reso- lutions adopted by the Republican conven- tion : Besolved, That *e refer with pride to the his- tory of the Eepublican party, and congratulate the country upon its successful career. It has given to the poor man a homestead; it has abol- ished slavery, and established manhood suffrage; cnished treason, and given to us the Pacific rail- road; settled the doctrine of the right of expa- triation, maintained the honor, integrity and credit of our nation. It has vindicated the Monroe doctrine by preventing foreign powers from interfering with the government on this continent; and to perpetuate it in power is the only safe guaranty for peace and prosperity in the future. 2. That we heartily endorse the honest, faith- ful, and economical adminstration of General -Grant, by which our national debt has become so largely reduced, and our national credit and honor so firmly maintained. 3. That a tariff for revenue is indispensable, and should be so adjusted as not to become pre- judicial to the industrial interests of any class or section of the country, while securing to our home products fair competition with foreign capital and labor. 4. That we are opposed to any system or plan of granting public lands to railroad or other corporations without ample provision being made to secure their speedy sale at moderate prices, and occupancy upon fair and liberal terms by any and all who desire to pur- chase and settle upon them. 5. That we are in favor of an economical and judicious management of the affairs of the State, and with this view we endorse the present administration of the State government, and commend it to the favorable consideration of the people and to future adminstrations. 6. That we are in favor of such legislation as will protect the people from the oppression of monopolies controlled by and in the interest of corporations. 7. That while, as Americans, we feel in duty bound to preserve a strict neutrality in the con- test now waging in Europe, yet we cannot forget that in our late War the sympathies and material aid of the German states were freely given us, and we do not hesitate to declare our unqualified syn\pathy with the earnest efforts of the Germans to maintain and defend their national unity; and we condemn the course which the Democratic press of the country has been and is now pursu- ing in the support of a despotic, imperial dynasty, and a causeless war against a people desiring peace, and aspiring to perfect liberty. 8. That the Republican party of Iowa wel- come to our shores all human beings of every nation, irrespective of race or color, voluntarily seeking a home in our midst; and all the rights and privileges which we, as citizens, demand for ourselves, we will freely accord to them. 9. That we are in favor of amending our naturalization laws by strilsing out the word "white" from the same, wherever it occurs. The official vote on Secretary of State was as follows: Ed. Vright, Rep 101,938—41,433 Charles Dorr, Dem 60,505 In 1871 the Democrats were again first in the field, assembling -in convention at DesMoines, June 14th, and nominated for Governor, J. C. Knapp; Lieutenant-Gov- ernor, M. M. Ham; Supreme Judge, John F. Duncombe; Superintendent of Public Instruction, Edward M. Munn. They adopted the following platform: Resolved, That we recognize our binding obli- gation to the constitution of the United States, as it now exists, without reference to the means by which the same became the supreme law of the land. 3. That we will faithfully support the consti- tution of the United States, as it now exists, and that we demand for it a strict construction so as to firotect equally the rights of States and indi- viduals. 3. That we cherish the American system of State and local governments, and that we ) \ ^1 ^t^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 185 will forever defend the same against the central- ized federal power. 4. That universal suffrage, having been estab- lished, should now be coupled with its twin measure, universal amnesty. 5. That we denounce all riotous combinations and conspiracies against law, and demand that the same be suppressed by the proper State authorities, and that the federal power ought not to intervene unless such intervention is de- manded by the State auLhorities. 6. That the proposed annexation of the Do- minican republic meets with our earnest oppo- sition, partly on account of the character of the mongrel population, and tfiat of their unfitness to become American citizens, but more especially on account of the corrupt motives in which that measure had its inception, and of the reprehen- sible means by which it was sought to be con- summated. 7. That while we have a tariff on imports, it must be regulated with an eye single to revenue, and not with a view to what is called protection, which is only another name for the legalized plundering of one industry to bestow favors upon another; and that the recent election to the United States Senate, by the Legislature of Iowa, of a man wholly and openly committed to a protective tariff, demonstrates that tlie party in power are in antagonism to the great agricul- tural interests of the State. 8. That the profligate corruption and wanton extravagance which pervade every departmentof the federal government, the sacrifice of the inter- eat of the laborer to aggrandize a handful of aris- tocrats, the wicked deprivation of the people of their rightful heritage to public lands, which have been made a gift to railroad and other monopo- lists, the paymentof more than $20,000,000 prem- ium during the administration of President Grant on government bonds, payable at par, the maintenance, at an annual cost to the people of nearly $30,000,000, of an unconstitutional, op- pressive and extortionate system of banking, whereby money is made scarce and interest high, are abuses which call for wise and thor- ough remedies. 9. That we are in favor of strict economy, of a large reduction in the expenditures of the federal and State governments, of civil service reform, of the collection of the internal revenue by State authorities and return to honest labor the myriads of tax-gatherers who inflict our land and eat up its substance, and of the speedy trial, conviction and punishment of the thieves who have stolen the taxes paid by the people. 10. That it is a flagrant outrage on the rights of the free laborers and mechanics of Iowa, that the labor of penitentiary convicts should be brought into conflict with theirs, and that it is the duty of the next Legislature to enact such laws as will certainly and effectually protect them from such unjust and ruinous competition. 11. That section 2, article 8, of the constitu- tion of Iowa, which declares that "the property of all corporations for pecuniary profit shall be subject to taxation the same as that of individ- uals," should be rigidly and strictly enforced, and that by virtue thereof we demand that rail- roads and railroad property shall be taxed the same as the farmer and the mechanic are taxed, and we affirm the right of the people, by legis- lative enactment, to regulate and control all cor- porations doing business within the borders of the State. 13. That with the watchword of reform we confidently go to the country; that we believe the interests of the great body of the people are the same; that without regard to the past political associations they are the friends of free govern- ment; that they are equally honest, brave and patriotic, and we appeal to them, as to our brothers and countrymen, to aid us to obtain relief from the grievous abuses which wrong and oppress every one except the wrongdoers and oppressors themselves. The Republicans met at DesMoines, June 2 let, and placed the following ticket in nomination: Governor, C. C. Carpen- ter; Lieutenant-Governor, H. C. Bulls; Judge of Supreme Court, J. G. Day; Su- perintendent Public Instruction, Alonzo V Jk 186 niSTOEY OF IOWA. Abernethy. The platform adopted by the convention was as follows: Readlved, That we refer with pride to the his- tory of the Republican party, and congratulate the people of the country upon its successful career. It has given to the poor man a home- stead; it has abolished slavery and established manhood suffrage; crushed treason, and given us a continental railway; settled the doctrine of the right of expatriation; maintained the honor, integrity and credit of the nation; has vindi- cated the Monroe doctrine by preventing foreign powers from interfering with the governments of this continent, and to perpetuate it in power is the only guaranty for peace and prosperity in the future. 2. That we heartily congratulate the country upon the settlement of our vexed and dangerous controversies with the government of Great Brit- ain, and especially upon the just and Christian spirit and manner in which these controversies have been settled. 3. That while we favor a just and reasonable degree of protection to all branches of American industry against foreign competition, we are unalterably opposed to any system of legislation which favors one section of the country or de- partment of industrial entei-prise at the expense of another, and therefore advocate such protec- tion only as a fairly adjusted revenue tariff will afford. 4. That we are in favor of a uniform system of taxation, so that all property within the limits of the States, whether of individuals or corpo- rations, for pecuniary profit, shall bear its just share of the public burdens. 5. That, believing that all corporations doing business within the limits of this State are right- fully subject to the control of the people, we are in favor of so providing, by proper legislative enactment, as to effectually prevent monopoly and extortion on the part of railroads and other corporations. 6. That we are in favor of extending the blessings of civil and religious liberty to the human race everywhere, and therefore, when- ever it shall be made manifest that the people of San Domingo so desire annexation to the United States, for the purpose of enjoying the benefits which such relation would afford them, we shall favor the earnest and intelligent con- sideration of this question by the treaty-making power of the government. 7. That, as agriculture is the basis of pros- perity of this State, we recognize its pre-emi- nent claims for support, by legislation or other- wise, as may be necessary to secure full devel- opment of our highly-favored State. 8. That we are for such a modification of our revenue system as will, at as early a day as pos- sible, relieve the pressure of our internal reve- nue laws, and reduce, as far as praticable, the expenses of collecting ihe taxes. 9. That we cordially approve and earnestly endorse the eminently wise, patriotic, and eco- nomical administration of President Grant, and heartily commend it to the favorable considera- tion of the country. 10. That we are opposed to any system or plan of granting public lands to railroads or other corporations without ample provision be- ing made for securing their speedy sale at a moderate price, and occupancy, upon fair and liberal terms, to any and all who desire to pur- chase and settle upon them. 11. That we are in favor of an economical and judicious management of the affairs of the State, and, with this view, we endorse the present administration of the State govern- ment. The official vote on Governor was as follows: C. 0. Carpenter, Rep 109,228—41,029 J. C. Knapp, Dem 68,199 During Grant's first administration new issues were formed, and a new movement sprung up, known as the Leberal Republi- cans. This party placed in nomination Horace Greeley for President and B. Gratz Brown for Vice-President. The Demo- crats, meeting in convention shortly after ><' « f ?t ^ >?". HISTORY OF IOWA. 187 the nomination of Greeley, ratified the nomination and adopted the Liberal Re- publican platform. The disafiEection was so great among Democrats that Charles O'Connor was placed in nomination, as a regular Democrat, for the office of Presi- dent. Gen. Grant was re-nominated by the Republicans, with Henry Wilson for Vice-President. In Iowa the Democrats and Liberal Republicans met in convention August 1, 1812, at DesMoines, and agreed upon the following ticket, of which two candidates were Democrats and three Republicans: Seciiptary of State, Dr. E. A. Guilbert; Treasurer, M. S. Rohlfs; Auditor, J. P. Cassady; Attorney-General, A. G. Case; Register of State Land Office, Jacob Butler. The two conventions also adopted the following platform: Sesolved, That we approve of and endorse the action of the late Democratic conventidn at Baltimore, in placing in nomination Horace Greeley for President and B. Gratz Brown for Vice-President, and we adopt its platform and principles. 3. That in the State ticket this day presented by the joint action of the Democratic and Liberal State conventions, we recognize citizens of in- tegrity, worth and ability, whose election would best subserve the interests of the State, and to whom we pledge our undivided and cordial support. The Republican convention met August 21 and nominated, for Secretary of State, Josiah T-. Young; Auditor, John Eussell; Treasurer, Wm. Christy; Register of State Land Office, Aaron Brown; Attorney-Gen- eral, M. E. Cutts. The following platform was also adopted: The representatives of the Republican party of the State of Iowa, assembled in State conven- tion on the 21st day of August, A. D. 1873, declare their unceasing faith in the principles and platform adopted by the National Republi- can convention at Philadelphia, on the 6th day of June, 1872, and with honest pride refer to the history of the party in this State and nation, and announces an abiding faith in its present integ- rity and future supremacy. Under the control of this organization, a gigantic rebellion has been crushed, four millions of slaves not only released from bondage, but elevated to all the rights and duties of citizenship; freedom of speech has been secured, the national credit sustained; the taxes reduced, and the commer- cial interests of the whole country nurtured and protected, producing a condition of Individual and national prosperity heretofore unequaled. So marked, decisive and unmistakable has been the judgment of the people of this country that the maintenance of the principles of the Repub- lican party are the only true guaranty of national prosperity and national security throughout the country; that at last the Democratic party have nominally abandoned the principles which they have heretofore maintained, and announced their adhesion to the principles of the Republi- can party, and are endeavoring to steal Into power by nominating recent Republicans. But with full confidence of our glorious triumph in the present campaign, both in this State and the nation, we hereby reiterate and re affirm the great principles that have governed and controlled the Republican party in the past, and pledge to the people their maintenance in the future. Beaolaed, That the nomination of our present able, earnest and incorruptible Chief Magistrate Ulysses S. Grant, for re-election to the Presi- dency of the United States, and of Henry "Wilson, of Massachusetts, for Vice-President, meets our unqualified and hearty approval. 2. That we are in favbr of the most rigid economy in the administration of the aflFairs of this State and the nation. 3. That we are opposed to any legislation. State or national, that tends to unjustly dis- criminate between individual interest and that of corporations, believing that property, whether held by individuals or corporations, should bear their equal and just portion of the public bur- dens. •^S T^ IV •Vl 'S -» Ift k^ 188 HISTORY OF IOWA. ^^ 4. That we are opposed to all further grants of land to railroad or other corporations, and the public domain -which is the common heritage of the people of this country should l)e sacredly held by the government for the use and beaefit of actual and bona fide settlers. 5. That Tce hereby endorse the recommenda- tion of General Grant, that emigrants be pro- tected by national legislation, and that all efforts on the part of the government of the State or nation to encourage emigration from foreign countries meet our approval; and we hereby commend the labors of the officers of the State in their efforts to encourage and secure emigra- tion to this State. 6. That we cordially endorse the nominations made by this convention, and pledge to the nominees our hearty, active and earnest support. A " straight " Democratic convention was held at DesMoines, September 8th, which adopted the following platform, and placed in nomination a ticket: Sesolved, That the coalition ef office- hunters at Cincinnati and Baltimore, whereby Horace Greeley, a life- long, mischievous and unchanged Republican, was presented as Democratic candi- date for Presidency, merits the condemnation of every honest elector, and we repudiate the same on behalf of the unpurchasable Democracy of the State of Iowa. 2. That, with Chas. O'Connor and the Louis- ville National Convention, we believe that Horace Greeley, above all other living Ameri- cans, is the recognized champion of the pernic- ious system of government. Intermeddling with those concerns of society which, under judicious laws of State enactment, should be left to individual action, and as such, he cannot consistently or safely receive the vote of any Democrat. 3. With the Louisville convention, we also believe that the principles of the dual Republi- can party, one faction of which is led by Grant and the other by Greeley, are inimical to consti- tutional free government, and hostile to the fun- damental basis of our union of co-ordinate self- -— _ governing States, and that the policies of said dual party are in practice demoralizing to the public service, oppressive upon the labor of the people, and subversive of the highest interests of the country. 4. That we will act upon the advice of said convention, and for national regeneration will form political associations, independent of either branch of said dual party, and nominate and sup- port, in the approaching fall elections, State and district candidates who are in harmony with said convention, and who are opposed to all the prin- ciples, policies and practices of said dual party; that we heartily endorse all the proceedings of the Louisville national convention, and pledge to its nominees, Charles O'Connor and John Quincy Adams, our most cordial support. 5. That the supposed availability of Horace Greeley, as a coalition candidate, upon which alone his name found any support, having already signally failed, it becomes the duty of the Baltimore delegates to formally withdraw from the lists a name which so manifestly fore- dooms the national Democratic party, with all its hopes and aspirations, to meritable and dis- honorable defeat. 6. That the alacrity with which the Demo- cratic press of Iowa, with one honorable excep- tion, has championed the corrupt Greeley con- spiracy, presents the most scandalous defection in all our political history, amidst which the sturdy devotion to sound principle, exhibited by the Audubon county Sentinel and the Chicago Timet, is especially gratifying, and we there- fore urge upon the Democracy of Iowa a deter- mined effort to give the Times and Sentinel an extensive circulation throughout the entire'. State, and such other reliable Democratic jour- nals as may be hereafter established. 7. That it is the sentiment of this convention that we proceed to nominate a full O'Connor and Adams electoral ticket and substitute Demo- cratic names on the State ticket, where Repub- licans have been placed in lieu thereof, and that we suggest that where Republicans have been nominated for Congress by the so-called Demo- crats and Liberals in the several Congressional ;^ ^t " - ^ ■ -i s hL, HISTORY OF IOWA. 189 districts, that Democrats in favor of the Louis- ville nominations be sabstitnted in their stead by the several Congressional districts. The following State ticket was nomi- nated by the convention: Secretary of State, L. S. Parvin, who subsequently de- clined and Charles Baker was substituted; Treasurer, D. B. Beers; Auditor, J. P. Cacsady; Attorney-General, A. G. Case; Register of Land Office, Dave Sheward. The following is the official vote on Sec- retary of State: ^.T. Young, Rep 133,869-^7,863 E. A. GuUbert, Lib. andDem 74,497 D. B. Beers, straight Dem 1,333 'The Republican State Convention for 1873 met at DesMoiues, June 25, and nominated, for Governor, C. C. Carpenter; Lieutenant - Governor, Joseph Dysart; Judge of Supreme Court, J. M. Beck; Supt. of Public Instruction, Alonzo Aber- nethy. The following platform was adopted: The Bepublicane of Iowa, in mass convention assembled, make this declaration of principles: We hold the Republican party to be a political organization of those American citizens who are opposed to slavery in all its forms; who believe that all men are entitled to the same political and civil rights; who believe that all laws. State and national, should be made and administered so as to secure to all citizens, wherever born or whatever their color, creed, condition or occu- pation, the same rights before the law; who believe in free schools, free opinion and universal education; who believe that American society and the American people should all be raised to the highest possible plane of liberty, honesty, purity, intelligence and morality, and that all laws should be made and the government con- stantly administered with this aim in view, and that no party has a right to support of the people which is not inspired with this purpose. Believ- ing that the Republican party is still controlled by these principles, and that it is now, as it has been from its beginning, an organization of the best and purest political sentimenj of the country, we, as Republicans, renew the expres- sion of our devotion to it, and our belief that we can secure through it the political reform and the just and necessary measures of legislation, and of relief from monopolies and other abuses of power which the country so much needs; therefore, lieaolved. That, proud as we are of most of the past record of the Republican party, we yet insist that it shall not rely upon its past achieve- ments; it must be a party of the present and of progress; and as it has preserved the Union, freed the slave and protected him from the oppression of the slave-master, it will now be direliot to its spirit and its duty if it does not protect all onr people from all forms of oppres- sion, whether of monopolies, centralized capital, or whatsoever kind the oppression may be. 3. That we insist upon the right and duty of the State to control every franchise of whatever kind it grants; and while we do not wish that any injustice shall be done to the individual or corporation who invest capital in enterprises of this kind, we yet demand that no franchise shall be gi-anted which is prejudicial to the public interests, or in which the rights and interests of the State and the people are not carefully and fully guarded. 3. That the producing, commercial and in- dustrial interests of the country should have the best and cheapest modes of transportation possible; and while actual capital invested in such means of transit, whether by railroad or otherwise, should be permitted the right of reasonable remuneration, an abuse in their man- agement, excessive rates, oppressive discrimina- tions against localities, persons or interests, should be corrected by law, and we demand con- gressional and legislative enactments that will control and regulate the railroads of the coun- try, and give to the people fair rates of trans- portation, and protect 4hem against existing abuses. 4. That we heartily applaud the active meas- ures of the late Congress, in ferreting out and K- 'Jl^ 190 HISTORY OF IOWA. exposing corruption. We have seen, with pro- found regret, in the deyelopments made thereby, evidences of political and official corruption, and the abuse of responsible positions by men of all political parties, to further personal ends, and we demand pure official conduct and the punishment of unfaithful public men, who, having betrayed the confidence freely extended to them, shall not be shielded from the disgrace of their acts by any partisanship of ours, and we denounce all credit mobilier transactions and all official misconduct of whatever form. 5. That we believe that whenever a person holding any position of trust given him by the people, is guilty of fraud or embezzlement, he should be convicted and punished under the criminal laws of our land, in addition to the re- covery from him or his bondsmen of the aOiount so embezzled. 6. That the act of the majority of the mem- bers of the last Congress, in passing what is known as the back-pay steal, by which they voted into their pockets thousands of dollars which did not belong to them, as well as the act of those who voted ^gainst the same and yet re- ceived the money, is most flagrantly improper and infamous, and should secure the political condemnation of all who were party to it; and we demand that the provisions of the said act by which the salaries were increased, shall be promptly and unconditionally repealed. 7. That we sympathize with every movement to secure for agriculture and labor their due in- fluence, interests and rights, and the Republican party will be their ally in every just effort to at- tain that end. 8. That we are desirous of political reform, and for honesty, economy aniJ purity in all offl cial administration; that to secure this is the duty of every citizen; that to this end every good man should feel bound to participate in politics, and to make an end to bad men forcing their election by securing a party nomination, we declare it the duty of -every Republican to oppose the election of a bad and incompetent candidate, whether he be a candidate upon our own or upon any other ticket. The question of monopolies began to agitate the people to a great extent at this time and the opposition to Republicans united under the name of anti-monopolists. An Anti-Molopolist convention was held at Des Moines, August 12th, and the follow- ing ticket nominated. Governor, Jacob G. Vale; Lieutenant-Governor, Fred. O'Donnell; Supreme Judge, B. J. Hall; Supt. of Public Instruction, D. M. Prindle, The following platform was adopted at this convention: Whereas, Political parties are formed to meet public emergencies; "and when they have discharged the duty which called them into being, they may become the means of abuse as gross as those they were organized to reform; and. Whereas, Both of the old political parties have discharged the obligations assumed at their organization, ' and being no longer potent as instruments for the reform of abuses which have grown up in them, therefore we deem it incon- sistent to attempt to accomplish a political reform by acting with and in such organization; there- fore. Resolved, That we, in free convention, do declare, as the basis of our future political action, — 8. That all corporations are subject to legisla- tive control; that those ■ created by Congress should be restricted and controlled by Congress, and that (those under State laws should be sub- ject to the control respectively of the State creating them; that such legislative control should be in expressed abrogation of the theory of the inalienable nature of charteitd rights, and that it should be at all times so used as to prevent the moneyed corporations from becom- ing engines of oppression; that the property of all corporations should be assessed by the same officers, and taxed at the same rate as the pro- perty of individuals; that the Legislature of Iowa should, by law, fiix maximum rates of freight to be charged by the railroads of the State, leaving them free to compete below the rates. D \ -4 S liv HISTORY. OF IOWA. 191 3. Tliatwe favor such modification of our banking system as will extend Its benefits to the whole people, and thus destroying all monopoly how enjoyed by a favored few. 4. That we demand a general revision of the present tariff laws that shall give us free salt, Iron, lumber, and cotton and woolen fabrics, and reduce the whole system to a revenue basis only. 5. That we will not knowingly nominate any bad man to office, nor give place to persistent seekers therefor, but will freely seek for our- selves competent officers — as heretofore, politi- cal leaders have sought office for themselves — and that we will nominate onljt those known to be faithful and in sympathy with these declara- tions, and will, at the polls, repudiate "any candi- date known to be unfit or incompetent. 6. That we demand the repeal of the back salary law, and the return to the United States treasury of all money received thereunder by members of the last Congress and of members of the present Congress. We demand a repeal of the law increasing salaries, and the fixing of a lower and more reasonable compensation for public officers, believing that until the public debt is paid and the public burden lightened, the salaries of our public seiTants should be more in proportion to the awards of labor in private life. 7. That we are opposed to all future grants of land to railroads or other corporations, and 1 elieve that the [public domain should be held sacred to actual settlers; and are in favor of a law by which each honorably discharged soldier or his heirs may use such discharge in any government land-office In full payment for a quarter-section of unappropriated public lands. 8. That- public officers who betray their pledges or trust are unworthy of renewed con- fidence, and those who criminally trifle with the public funds must be punished as criminals, regardless of their previous influence or the political importance of their bondsmen. 9. That we are in favor of a strict construc- tion of our constitution by our Supreme and other courts, and are opposed to the exercise of the doubtful powers by judicial or other officers. 10. That in the corrupt Tammany steal, the credit mobilier fraud, the congressional salary swindle and official embezzelements, and the hundreds of other combinations, steals, frauds, and swindles, by which Democratic and Repub- lican legislators, congressmen, and office-holders have enriched themselves, and defrauded the country and impoverished the people, we find the necessity! of independent action and the importance of united effort, and cordially invite men, of whatever calling, business, trade, or vocation, regardless of past political views, to join us in removing the evils that ;so seriously affect us all. The vote was light, and on Governor was as follows: C. 0. Cai-penter, Rep 105,132—24,112 J. G. Vale, AntiM 81,030 An Anti-Monopoly convention was held at DesMoines, June 23, 1874, which nom- inated the following ticket and adopted the following platform: Secretary, David Morgan ; Auditor, J. M. King; Treasurer, J. W. Basner; Attorney-General, J. H. Keatley; Clerk of Supreme Court, Geo.W. Ball; Reporter of Supreme Court, J. M. Weart. The following is the platform: Jlesohed, That we, the delegated representa- tives of the people of Iowa, favorable to the organization of an independent political party, laying aside past differences of opinion, and earnestly uniting in a common purpose to secure needful reforms in the administration of public affairs, cordially unite in submitting these decla- rations: 1. That all political power is inherent in the people; that no governriient is worthy of pre- servation or should be upheld which does not derive its power from the consent of the gov- erned, by equal and just laws; that the inesti- mable right of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness should be secured to all men, without distinction of race, color or nativity; that the maintenance of these principles is essential to the prosperity of our republican institutions, s,|v^ i ^ 192 IIISTOET aP IOWA. and that to this end the federal constitution, with all its amendments, the rights of the States, and the union of the states must and shall be preserved. 2. That the maintenance inviolate of the rights of the States, and especially of the right of each State to order and control its own domestic institutions according to its judg- ment exclusively, is essential to that bal- ance of power on which the perfection and 'endurance of our political fabric depends; and that we denounce as a criminal excess of constitutional power the policy of President Grant's administration in fostering the enormi- ties perpetrated in certain States of the Union in arbitrarily interfering with their local affairs, in sustaining therein the usurpations of aliens and irresponsible adventurers, whereby certain men have been illegally invested with official authority, and others deprived of their constitu- tional rights, oppressive laws enacted, burden- some taxation imposed, and immense and ficti- tious indebtedness created, resulting in the degradation of those States, and the general impoverishment of their people. 3. That the conduct of the present adminis- tration, in its bold defiance of public sentiment and disregard of the common good, in its prodi- gality and wasteful extravagance, in the innum- erable frauds perpetrated under its authority, in its disgraceful partiality for and rewards of un- worthy favoriteis, in its reckless and unstable financial policy, and in its total incapacity to meet the vital questions of the day, and provide for the general welfare, stands without a paral- lel in our national history, and the highest con- siderations ' of duty require the American people, in the exercise of their inherent sover- eignty, to correct these accumulating evils, and bring the government back to its ancient land- marks, patiotism and economy. 4. That the faith and credit of the nation must be maintained inviolate; that the public debt, of whatever kind, should be paid in strict accordance with the law under which it was contracted; that an over-issue of paper money being at variance with the principles of a sound financial policy, the circulating medium should be based upon its redemption in specie at the earliest practicable day, and its convertibility into a specie equivalent at the will of the holder, and that, subject to these restrictions, it is the duty of Congress to so provide, by appropriate legislation, that the volume of our government currency shall at all times be adequate to the general business and commerce of the country, and equitably distributed among the several States. 5. That tariffs and all . other modes of taxa- tion should be imposed upon the basis of rev- enue alone, and be so adjusted as to yield the minimum amount required for the legitimate expenditure of the government, faithfully and economically administered, and that taxation to an extent necessary to the accumulation of a surplus revenue in the treasury, subjects the people to needless burdens and affords a temp- tation to extravagance and oflicial corruption. 6. That railroads and all other corporations for pecuniary profit should be rendered subser- vient to the public good; that we demand such constitutional and necessary legislation upon this subject, both State and national, as will effectually secure the industrial and producing interests of the country against all forms Of corporate monopoly and extortion, and that the existing railroad legislation of this State should faithfully be enforced, until experience may have demonstrated the propriety and justice of its modification. 7. That while demanding that railroads be subject to legislative control. We shall discoun- tenance any action on this subject calculated to retard the progress of railroad enterprise, or work injustice to those invaluable auxiliaries to commerce and civilization. 8. That the limitation, of the Presidency to one term, and the election of President, Vice- President and United States Senators by a direct popular vote, and a thorough reform of our civil service to the end that capacity and fidelity be made the essential qualifications for election and appointment to office, are proposed reforms which meet our hearty endorsement. 9. That we demand such a modification of the patent laws of the United States as shall .JL -^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 193 destroy the monopoly now enjoyed by the man- ufacture of agricultural and other implements of industry. 10. That the personal liberty and social rights of the citizens should not be abridged or con- trolled by legislative enactment, except in so far as may be necessary to promote the peace and welfare of society. 11. That holding in grateful remembrance the soldiers and sailors who fought our battles, and by whose heroism the nation was preserved, we insist that Congress shall equalize the boun- ties and grant to eaeh one of them, or to his widow and children, a homestead of one hun- dred and sixty acres of land from the unappro- priated domain of the country. 12. That we desire hereafter to be known as the Independent party of Iowa, and recognizing the individual conscience of the voter as para- mount to the claims of the. party, ask the co- operation of those only to whom this declaration uf principles and the candidates nominated by this convention may commend themselves worthy. The Republican convention, which con- vened July 1st, at DesMoines, put in nom- ination for Secretary of State, Josiah T. Young; Treasurer of State, Wm. Christy; Auditor of State, Buren R. Sherman; Reg- ister of State Land Office, David Seooi; Attorney-General, M. C. Cutts; Judge of Supreme Court, E. J. Holmes; Reporter of Supreme Court, John S. Runnells. The following is the Republican platform: We, the representatives of the Kepublican party of the State of Iowa, in convention assem- bled, do adopt the following platform of princi- ples: BeaoVoed, That as the policy of the Republi- can party in relation to finance, has afforded the people not only a safe, sound and popular cur- rency, of equal and uniform worth in every portion of our common country, but has like- wise greatly improved the credit of the country at home and abroad, we point with pride to its record and accomplishments in this regard. And while re-afflrming the poHey announced by the party in the national conventions of 1868 and 1873, and triumphantly endorsed by the people at the polls — a policy which, while contributing to the public credit has also enhanced the indi- . vidual and collective prosperity of the American people — we favor such legislation as shall make national banking free to all, under just and equal laws, based upon the policy of specie re- sumption at such time as is consistent with the material and industrial interests of the country, to the end that the volume of currency may be regulated by the national laws of trade. 2. That we re-affirm the declaration of the Republican national platform of 1872, in favor of the payment by the government of the United States of all its obligations in accordance with both the letter and the spirit of the laws under which such obligations were issued, and we de- clare that in the absence of any express provis- ion to the contrary, the obligations of the gov- ernment when issued and placed upon the mar- kets of the world, are payable in the world's currency, to-wit, specie. 3. That under the constitution of the United States, Congress has power to regulate all "com- merce among the several States," whether carried on by railroads or other means, and in the exer- cise of that power Congress may, and should, so legislate as to prohibit, under suitable penalties, extortion, unjust discrimination, and other wrong and unjust conduct on the part of per- sons or corporations engaged in such commerce; and, by virtue of the same constitutional power, Congress may and should provide for the im- provement of our great natural watei>-ways. 4. That the State has the power, and it is its duty, to provide by law for the regulation and control of railway transportation within its own limits, and we demand that the law of this State passed for this purpose at the last session of the General Assembly shall be upheld and enforced until it shall be superseded by other legislation, or held unconstitutional by the proper judicial tribunal. 5. That we feel bound to provide all appro- priate legislation for the full and equal protee- rpr /a ^ 194 HISTORY OF IOWA. tion of all citizens, white or black, native or foreign born, in the enjoyment of all the rights guaranteed by the constitution of the United States and the amendments thereto. 6. That the $27,000,OC)^0 reduction in the estimated general government expenses for the coming fiscal year meets our hearty commenda- tion, and shows that the Eepublican party on questions of retrenchment and economy is carry- ing out in good faith its oft repeated pledges to the people. 7. That we are in favor of an amendment to the constitution of the United States, providing for the election of President and Vice-President by a direct vote of the people. 8. That while inventors should be protected in their just rights of property in their inven- tions, we demand such modifications of our patent laws as shall render the same more fair and equitable to consumers. 9. That the faith of the Eepublican party is pledged to promote the best good of the civil service of the country, and that we, as Republi- cans of ' Iowa, demand that only honest and capable men be elected or appointed to office, and that we commend the position of the party in instituting investigations of corruption in office, sparing therein neither friends nor foes. 10. That since the people may be intrusted with all questions of govermental reform, we favor the final submission to the people of the question of amending the constitution so as to extend the rights of suflErage to women, pursuant to action of 15th General Assembly, On Secretary of State the vote stood: J. T. Young, Eep 107,243-28,183 David Morgan, Dem 79,060 For the campaign of 1875 tlie Democrats, Liberal Republicans and Anti-Monopolists met at Des Moines, June 24th, and nom- inated a State ticket headed by Shepherd Lefler for Governor; Lieutenant-Governor, E.B. Woodward; Judge of Supreme Court, W. J. Knight;]Supt. of Public Instruction, Isaiah Donane. The following platforn was then adopted: The Democrats, Liberal Eepublicans, and Anti-Monopolists of the State of Iowa, in delegate convention assembled, declare, as a, basis of per- manent organization and united action, the following principles: I. A firm adherence to the doctrine of politi- cal government, as taught by Jefferson, Madison, and other fathers of the republic. 8. A strict adherence to the constitution in all measures involvint; constitutional power. 3. The supremacy of the Eepublican govern- ment within the sphere and reservation of the local authority of the constitution as opposed to the concentration of all powers in a strong cen- tralized government. 4. Absolute prohibition of military interfer- ence with the local State elections, and the peaceful assembling and organization of the State Legislatures, except in the manner clearly defined in the Constitution. 5. Honesty in the administration of the public officers, and strict economy in the public expenditures. 6. All officers to be held to a strict accounta- bility for the misuse of the public funds or for the prostitution of their powers for private use. 7. The preservation of all the rights of every citizen, without regard to race or color. 8. The reservation of the public lands for the benefit of actual settlers, and opposition to any further grants to corporate monopolies for any purpose. 9. The restoration of the Presidential salary to $25,000. No third term. 10. That we are in favor of the resumption of specie payment as soon as the same can be done without injury to the business interests of the country, and maintain a sufficient supply of national cunency for business purposes; opposi- tion to present national banking law. II. A tariU on imports that will produce the largest amount of revenue, with the smallest amount of tax, and no imposition of duties for •^- 'Sr _i s \±^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 195 the benefit of manufactures at the expense of agricultural interests. 12. We are in favor of the repeal of the present prohibitory liquor law, and the enactment of a practical 'license law, strictly enforced, as the best guard against, and the safest solution of, the evils of intemperance, 13. That we are opposed to all legislation that restricts any citizen in his individual or social rights and privileges. With this declaration ot principle and policy, in the language of our brethren of Ohio, we arraign the leaders of the Republican party for their extravagant expenditure and profligate waste of the people's money, for their oppressive, unjust, and defective system of finance and taxa- tion; for their continued tyranny and cruelty to the Southern States of the Union, and their squandering of public lands; their continuance of incompetent and corrupt men in the offices at home and abroad, and for their general mismanagement of the government, and we cor- dially invite all men, without regard to past party association, to co-operate with us in removing them from power, and in securing such an administration of public afiairs as char- acterized the purer and better days of the republic. The Republican convention at Des- Moines placed in nomination for Governor, S. J. Kirkwood ; Lieutenant-Governor, Joshua G. Newbold; Judge of Supreme Court, Austin Adams ; Superintendent Public Instruction, Alonzo Abernethy. The convention also adopted the follow- ing platform: Resolved, That we declare it a cardinal prin- ciple of the Republican faith that the republic is a nation, one and indissoluble, within which the constitutional rights of the States and of the people to local self-government must be faith- fully maintained. 3. That wo favor the early attainment of cur- rency convertible with coin, and therefore advocate the gradual resumption of specie pay- ments by continuous and steady steps. 3. That we favor a tariff for revenue, so adjusted as to encourage home industry. 4. That the earnest efforts of the government to collect the revenue, prevent and punish frauds, have our unqualified approval. 5. We are opposed to further grants of land to railroads or other corporations, but we de- mand a reservation of public domain for settle- ment under the homestead laws, and for other bona fide settlers. 8. We demand such a revision of the patent laws as will relieve industry from the oppression of monopolies la their administration. 7. That we cordially" approve the policy of the present administration in the settlement of difficulties between ourselves and other nations, by arbitratioil, instead of appealing to arms. 8. The Republican party of Iowa is opposed to a third term. 9. We demand that all railway and other cor- porations shall be held in fair and just subjection to the law-making power. 10. We stand by free education, our public school system, taxation of all for its support, and no division of the school fund. 11. That our national and State administra- tion of public affairs have our hearty support. 13. We cordially invite all who are opposed to the restoration of the Democratic party to power, to forget all past political differences, and unite with the Republican party in maintaining the cause of true reform. 18. The persistent and tyrannical efforts of the enemies of the Union, by murder and intim- idation of the enfranchised citizens, and the ostracisms and proscriptions of the white Repub- licans of the South, for the purpose of rendering null and void this amendment, merits the con- demnation of every honest man. 14. That we heartily endorse the action of President Grant in enforcing the laws when called upon to do so by the proper authorities of the State. The Prohibitionists of the State met and nominated for Governor, Rev. John H. ^ ^ s ^ .JL B ^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 197 of the financial question lies at flie bottom of all true government, and is the paramount issue of the present campaign, in which the Democratic and Republican leaders hare failed to take the side of the people; therefore, we, the citizens of Iowa, in mass convention assembled, do thus organize the Independent party of Iowa, and declare our faith in the following principles: 1. That it is the duty of the government to establish a monetary system, based upon the faith and resources of the nation, in harmony with the genius of this government, and adapted to the demands of le^timate business. 2. That we demand the immediate rf peal of the specie resumption act of January 14, 1875, and that the circulating notes of our national and State banks, as well as the local currency, be withdrawn from circulation, and their place supplied by a uniform national currency, issued direct from the government, the same to be made a legal tender for all public and private debts, duties on imports not excepted, and inter- changeable at the option of the holder for bonds bearing a rate of interest not to exceed 3.65 per cent, per annum. 8. We demand that the present bonded debt of the country be refunded as speedily as pos- sible into registered interchangeable bonds that shall bear interest at a low rate, not exceeding 3.65 per cent, per annum, 4. We are in favor of the repeal of the act of March 18, 1869, making greenbacks payable in coin, and making 5-20 bonds perpetual or pay- able only in coin, and thus unjustly discrimin- ating in favor of the money interest. A Greenback State ticket was nominated at a convention held September 20th, and these additional resolulions were adopted: 1. We are in favor of the adoption of the platfoi-m of the Indianapolis National Conven- tion. 2. We recognize the rights of capital and its just protection; we condemn all special legisla- tion in its favor. 3. We demand a reduction of official salaries, proportionate to the reduction of the profits on labor. 4. We demand a remonetization of silver. 5. We demand the equality of the soldiers' bounties. 6. We approve and endorse the nomination of Peter Cooper for President, and Samuel F. Gary for Vice-President of the United States. The following is the ticket nominated: Secretary of State, A. Macready; Auditor of State, Leonard Brown; Treasurer of State, Geo. C. Fry; Register State Land Office, Geo. M. Walker; Superintendent Pub, Instruction, Rev. J. A. Nash; Supreme Judges, Charles Negus, Oliver R. Jones. The Kepublicans placed in nomination the following, at a convention held in Des Moines: Secretary of State, Josiah T. Young; Auditor, Buren R. Sherman, Treasurer, Geo. W. Bemis; Register of Land Office, David Secor; Supreme Judges, W. H. Seevers, J. H. Rothrock; Attorney- General, J. F. McJunkin; Superintendent Public Instruction, C. W. VonCoelln. At the same time they adopted as a platform the following: 1. We are for maintaining the unity of the nation sacred and inviolable; for the just and equal rights of all men; for peace, harmony and brotherhood throughout the nation; for men of unsullied honesty, and purity of character and public trust, and for the swift pursuit and un- sparing punishment of all dishonest oflJcials, high or low. 2. That we are in faver of, and we demand, a rigid economy in the administration of the government, both State and national. 8. That we favor a currency convertible with coin, and therefore advocate the gradual resump- tion of specie payment by continuous and speedy steps in that direction. 4. That we demand that all railway and other corporations shall be held in fair and just sub- jection to the law-making power. 6. That we stand by free education, our school system, taxation of all for its support, ^ 19 rf.-Tfl-i ■ rV-,1, \-l-"-' ikL 198 HISTORY OF IOWA. and no diversion of the school fund from the public schools. 6. That we cordially invite immigration from all civilized countries, guaranteeing to emigrants the same political privileges and social and re- ligious freedom We ourselves enjoy, and favor- "ing a free and unsectarian system of common schools for their children with ours. 7. That in James Q. Blaine we recognize a pure Kepublican and patriot, and one well worthy to be chosen as the standard-bearer of the Bepublican party in the coming campaign. The Democrats, in convention at Des Moines, August 30th, adopted the follow- ing: Besolmd, By the Liberal Democratic party of the State of Iowa, in convention assembled, that we adopt as our platform of principles the reso- Intions and declarations of the National Con- vention at St. Louis, and earnestly approve the sentiments of the eminent statesmen of the party, Hon. Samuel J. Tilden and Thomas A. Hendricks, so ably presented in their letters of acceptance of the nominations at said conven- tion, y The following is the Democratic ticket: Secretary of State, J. H. Stubenrauch; Treasurer of State, W. Jones; Auditor of State, W. Growneweg; Eegister of State Land Office, H. C. Ridernour; Attorney- General, J. C. Cook; Judges ' of Supreme Court, "W. I.; Hayes, W. Graham. The vote on Secretary of State was as follows: J. T. Young, Rep .173,171 J. H. Stubenrauch, Dem 112,115 A. Macready, Gr 9,436 Young's majority over all 50,620 In the campaign of 1877 the Republi- cans met first in convention at Des Moines, June 28, where they nominated the following ticket: Governor, John H. Gear; Lieutenant - Governor, Frank T. Campbell; Supreme Judge, James GL Day; Supt. of Public Instruction, Carl W. Von Coelln. The following is the platform: Acting for the Republicans of Iowa, by its authority and its name, this convention declares: 1. The United States of America is a nation, and not a league, by the combined workings of the national and State governments under their respective institutions. The rights of every citizen should be secured at home and protected abroad, and the common welfare promoted. Any failure on the part of either national or State governments to use every possible consti- tutional power to afford ample protection to their citizens, both at home and abroad, is a criminal neglect of their highest duty. 2. The Republican party has preserved the government in the commencement of the second century of the nation's existence, and its prin- ciples are embodied in the great truths spoken at its cradle — that all men are created as equals; that they are endowed by the Creator with cer- tain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that for the attainment of these ends governments have been instituted among men deriving their justice from the consent of the governed, which con- sent is evidenced by a majority of the lawful suffrages of citizens, determined in the pursu- ance of the law. Until these truths are univers- ally recognized and carefully obeyed, the work of the Republican party is unfinished, and the Republican party of Iowa will stand by its colors and fight the good fight to the end. 3. The permanent pacification of the southern section of the Union, and the complete protec- tion of all citizens in the free enjoyment of all their rights, is a duty to which the Republican party stands sacredly pledged. The power to provide for the enforcement of the principles embodied in the recent constitutional amend- ments, is vested by these amendments in the constitution of the United States, and we declare it to be the solemn duty of the legislative and executive departments of the government to put in immediate and vigorous exercise all their powers for removing any just causes of discon- tent on the part of any class, and for securing ^^ ■vj ^ '^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 199 to every American citizen complete liberty and exact equality in the exercise of the civil, politi- cal and public rights. To this end we impera- tively demand of Congress and the Chief Execu- tive a courage and fidelity to these duties -which shall not falter until the results are placed beyond doubt or recall. 4. That the public credit should be sacredly maintained, and all the obligations of the gov- ernment honestly discharged; and that we favor the early attainment of a currency convertible with coin, and therefore advocate the gradual resumption of specie payments by continuous and steady steps in that direction. 5. That the silver dollar having been a legal unit of value from the foundation of the federal government until 1873, the laws under which its coinage was suspended should be repealed at the earliest possible day, and silver made, with gold, a legal tender for the payment of all debts, both public and private. We also believe that the present volume of the currency should be maintained until the wants of trade and com- merce demand its further contraction. 6. That the investment of capital in this State should be encouraged by wise and liberal legislation; but we condemn the policy of grant- ing subsidies at public expense, either to indi- viduals or corporations, for their private use. 7. That we demand the most rigid economy in all departments of the government, and that taxation be limited to the actual wants of public expenditure. 8. That we favor a wisely adjusted tariff for revenue. 9. That we hold it to be a solemn obligation of the electors of Iowa to be earnest in securing the election to all positions of public trust of men of honesty and conscience; to administra- tive affairs, men who will faithfully administer the law; to legislative affairs, men who will represent, upon all questions, the best sentiment of the people, and who will labor earnestly for the enactment of such laws as the best interests of society, temperance and good morals shall demand. 10. That we rejoice in the honorable name of Iowa, that we are proud of the State's achieve- ments, of the degree of purity with which its public affairs have been conducted, and the soundness of its credit at home and abroad. We pledge to do whatever may be done to preserve unsullied the State's reputation in these regards. The Greenbackers met at DesMoines, July 12, and nominated, for Governor, D. B. Stubbs; Lieutenant-Governor, A. Macready; Supreme Judge, John Porter; Snpt. of Public Instruction, S. T. B allard. The convention also adopted the following platform: Whesbas, Throughout our entire country, labor, the creator of all wealth, is either unim- ployed or denied its just reward, and all produc- tive interests are paralyzed; and, Whbkbas, These results have been brought about by class legislation, and the mismanage- ment ct Dur national finances; and, Wheekas, After generations of experience, we are forced to believe that nothing further can be hoped for through the old political parties; therefore we make the following dec- laration of principles: 1. We demand the unconditional repeal of the specie resumption act of January 14, 1875, and the abandonment of the present suicidal and destructive policy of contraction. 3. We demand the abolition of national banks, and the issue of legal tender paper money, by the government, and made receiv- able for all dues, public and private. 8. We demand th? remonetization of the silver doUar, and making it a full legal tender for the payment of all coin bonds of the govern- ment and for all other debts, public and private. 4. We demand the equitable taxation of all property, without favor or privilege. 5. We commend every honest effort for the furtherance of civil service reform. 6. We demand the repeal of all class legisla- tion and the enforcement of such wise and pro- gressive measures as shall secure equality of rights to all legitimate interests, and impartial justice to all persons. TV ■^ s ^ 200 IIISTOEY OF IOWA. 7. We demand a reduction of offices and sal- aries, to the end that there be less taxation. 8. We demand that the Independents of Iowa sustain and endorse the principles of railroad legislative control, as expressed by the highest judicial authority, not as enemies of public enterprises, but as friends of the whole country and of the people. 9. We demand that all legal means be ex- hausted to eradicate the traffic in alcoholic beverages, and the abatement of the evil of intemperance. 10. We are opposed to all further subsidies by either the State or general government, for any and all purposes, either to individuals or corporations. 11. We invite the considerate judgment of our fellow citizens; of ail political parties, upon these our principles and purposes, and solicit the co-operation of all men in the furtherance of them, as we do believe ^ that upon their accept- ance or rejection by the people, the weal or woe of our beloved country depends. The Democracy met in convention this year at Marshalltown, and nominated the following ticket: Governor, John P. Irish; Lieutenant-Governor, W. C. James; Su- preme Judge, H. C. Boardman; Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, G. D. Culli- 8on. They also resolved — , 1. The Democracy of the State of Iowa in convention assembled hereby declare in favor of a tariff for revenue, the only economic home rule, the supremacy of civil over military power, the separation of church and State, i equality of all citizens before the law', opposition to the granting by the general government of subsidies to any corporation whatever; and we believe, 2. The destruction of the industry of the country and the pauperism, of labor are the in- evitable fruit of the vicious laws enacted by the Kepublican party. 3. That as a means of relieving the distressed portions of the communiity, and removing the great stringency complained of in btisiness cir- cles, we demand the immediate repeal of the specie resumption act. 4. That we denounce as an outrage upon the rights of the people the enactment of the Ee- publican measures demonetizing silver, and de- mand the passage of a law which shall restore to silver its monetary power. 5. That we favor the retention of a green- back cm-rency, and declare against any further contraction, and favor the substitution of green- backs for national bank bills. 6. We congratulate the country upon the ac- ceptance by the present administration of the constitutional and pacific policy of local self- government in the States of the South, so long advocated by the Democratic party, and which has brought peace and harmony to that section. And in regard to the future financial policy, in the language of our national platform adopted in the New York convention, in 1868, we urge, 7. Payment of the public debts of the United States as rapidly as practicable, — all the money drawn from the people by taxation, except so much as is requisite for the necessities of the government, economically administered, being honestly applied to such payment when due. 8. The equal taxation of every species of property according to its value. 9. One currency for the government and the people, the laborer and the office-holder, the pensioner and the soldier, the producer and the bondholder. 10. The right of a State to regulate railroad corporations having been established by the higher court of the country, we now declare that this right must be exercised with due regard to justice, as there is no necessary antagonism be- tween the people and corporation, and the com- mon interests of both demand a speedy restora- tion of former friendly relations through just legislation on one side, and a cheerful submis- sion thereto on the other. 11. Eights of capital and labor are equally sacred, and alike entitled to legal protection. They have no just cause of quarrel, and the proper relations to each other are adjustable by ;^ ^=g-.^-j-(jr«« ^~- i HISTORY OF IOWA. 201 national laws, and should not be tampered by legislative interference. 12. That -we favor a repeal of the present pro- hibitory liquor law of the State, and the enact- ment of a well-regulated license law instead, and all the money derived from license to go to the school fund of the State. A State Temperance or Prohibition con- vention assembled at Oskaloosa August 30, and nominated Elias Jessup for Gov- ernor, and adopted, as a platform, the fol- lowing : ■Whhkkas, Intemperance is the enemy of all — the drinker, the seller, the financier, the states- man, the educator and the christian; therefore, belt Besolved, By the temperance people of the State of Iowa, that we hold these truths to be self-evident, and we do hereby declare them as the basis of our political action. 2. We recognize intemperance as the great social, moral, financial and political evil of the present age; that it is not an incident of intelli- gence and refinement, but is one of the worst relics of barbarism; has produced the lowest and most degraded form of government; and there- fore should be overthrown by all republican governments. 3. We claim that all men are endowed by their Creator with the inalienable right of free- dom from the destructive eflfects of intoxicating liquors, and the right to use all lawful and laudiable means to defend themselves and their neighbors against the traffic as a beverage within our State. 4. That governments are instituted for the purpose of restraining and prohibiting the evil passions of men, and of promoting and protect- ing their best interests; and that, therefore, it is the duty of a government to use all its powers to make it as easy as possible for men to do right and as difficult as possible to do wrong. 6. We believe that the prohibition of the traffic in intoxicating liquors is the only sound legislative theory upon which this vexed ques- tion can be solved and the nation saved from bankruptcy and demoralization. Therefore, we insist upon the maintenance and enforcement of our prohibitory law, and upon such amendments thereto as will place ale, wine, and beer under the same condemnation as other intoxicating liquors. 6. That this great evil has long since assumed a political form, and can never be eliminated from politics until our legislatiu-es and courts accomplish its entire overthrow and destruction. 7. We hereby declare that, since we believe prohibition to be the only sound legislative policy, and since law is only brought to bear upon society through its officers, legislative, judicial, and executive, we therefore can and will support only those men who are known to be tried and true temperance prohibitory men. 8. We believe that in the security of home rests the security of State; that women is by her very nature the acknowledged guardian of this sacred shrine; that intemperance is its greatest enemy; therefore we claim that the daughters of this commonwealth, as well as her sons, ought to be allowed to say by their votes, what laws shall be made for the suppression of this evil, and what person shall execute the same. 8. We believe the importation of intoxicat- ing liquors from foreign lands, and their protec- tion by the United States government, while in the hands of the importer, and inter-state com- merce in the same, cripple the power of State governments in enacting and enforcing such legislation as is and may be demanded by the people. The vote on Governor was as follows: JohnH. Gear, Rep 181,546 D. P. Stubbs, Gr.. 38,2^8 John P. Irish, Dem 79,353 Elias Jessup, Temp lo 639 Gearhad a majority over Irish of 23,193, but the combined opposition vote was greater by 674. In 1878 the Greenbaokers held the first State convention, assembling at Des Moines April 10th, and nominated for Secretary of State, E. M. Farnsworth; IV ^^ k. 202 niSTORY OF IOWA. Treasurer, M. L. Devlin; Auditor, G. V. Swearenger; Treasurer, M. FarriDgton; Attorney-General, General C. II. Jackson; Judge of Supreme Court, J.G. Knapp; Clerk of Supreme Court, Alex. Run yon; Reporter Supreme Court, Geo. W. Rutherford. They adopted the following platform: Whbrbas, Througliout our entire country the value of real estate is depreciated, industry para- lized, trade depressed, business income and wages reduced, unparalleled distress inflicted upon the poorer and middle ranks of our people, the land filled with fraud, embezzlement, bank- rupcy, crime, suffering, pauperism, and starva- tion; and Whbbkab, This state of things has been brought about by legislation in the interest of and dictated by money lenders, bankers, and bondholders; and. Whereas, The limiting of the legal tender quality of greenbacks, the changing of currency bonds into coin bonds, the demonetizing of the silver dollar, the exempting of bonds from taxa- tion, the contraction of the circulating medium, the proposed forced resumption of specie pay- ments, and the prodigal waste of the public lands, were crimes against the people, and so far as possible the results of these criminal acts must be counteracted by judicious legislation. 1. We demand the unconditional repeal of the specie resumption act of January 14th, 1875, and the abandonment of the present suicidal and destructive policy of contraction. 3. We demand the abolition of national banks and the issue of a full legal tender paper money by the government, and receivable for all dues, public and private. 3. We demand the remouetization of the silver foliar, making it a full legal tender for the payment of all coin bonds of the government, and for all other debts, public and private, and that the coinage of silver shall be placed on the same footing as that of the gold. 4. Congress shall provide said money ade- quate to the full employment of labor, the equit- able distribution of its products and the require- ments of business. 5. We demand that Congress shall not, under any circumstances, authorize the issuance of in- terest-bearing bonds of any kind or class. 6. The adoption of an American monetary system, as proposed herein, will harmonize all differences in regard to tariff and federal taxa- tion, distribute equitably the joint earnings of capital and labor, secure to the producers of wealth the results of their labor and skill, mus- ter out of service the vast army of idlers, who, under the existing system, grow rich upon the earnings of others, that every man and woman may, by their own efforts, secure a competence, so that the overgrown fortunes and extreme poverty will be seldom found within tlie limits of our Republic. 7. The Government should, by general enact- ment, encourage the development of our agri- cultural, mineral, mechanical, manufacturing and commercial resources, to the end that labor may be fully and profitably employed, but no monopolies should be legalized. 8. The public lands are the common property of the whole people, and should not be sold to speculators, nor granted to railroads or other corporations, but should be donated to actual settlers in limited quantities. 9. It is inconsistent with the genius and spirit of pspular government that any species of private or corporate property should be ex- empt from bearing its just share of the public burdens. 10. That, while the interests of the labor and producing classes throughout the nation are identical. North, South, East and West, and while it is an historic fact that the war of the rebellion was inaugurated in the interests of a class kindred to that which oppresses us, there- fore we declare that the Government of the United States shall never pay any part or por- tion of what is known as the confederate or rebel debt. 11. We demand a constitutional amendment fixing the compensation of all State officers, in- (TZ — r- ^ J^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 203 eluding members and employes of the General Assembly. 12. We demand a general redaction of all county and court expenses, with a reduction of offices, to lessen oppressive taxes. 13. We demand that all just and legal means shall be used for the evils of intemperance. 14. We invite the considerate judgment of our fellow-citizens of all political parties upon these, our principles and purposes, and solicit the co-operation of all men in the furtherance of them, as we do believe that upon their accept- ance or rejection by the people, the weal or woe of our beloved country depends. The Democrats assembled in convention June 7th, and nominated the following ticket . Secretary of State, T. 0. Walker; Auditor, CoL Eiboeck; Treasurer, E. D. Fenn; Register of State Land Office, T. S. Bardwell; Judge of Supreme Court, Judge J. C. Knapp; Clerk of Supreme Court, M. V. Gannon; Reporter of Supreme Court, J. B. Elliott; Attorney-General, John Gib- bons. The convention adopted the fol- lowing platform : We, the Democracy of Iowa, in convention assembled, congratulate the country upon llie restoration of home rule to the South and the era of peace brought about in response to tiie demands of the national Democracy, and make this declaration of principles: 1. In favor of a tariff for revenue only; honest and economical home rule; the supremacy of civil over military power; the separation of the church and State; the equality of all citizens before the law; opposition to granting by the general government of subsidies to any corpora- tion whatever. 3. We believe the financial system of the Republican party has been one of favor to the moneyed monopolies, of unequal taxation, of exemptions of class, and of a remorseless con- traction that has destroyed every enterprise which gave employment to Ubor, and therefore we denounce it, its measures and its men, as responsible for the financial distress, misery and want which now afflict the nation. 3. Labor and capital have an equal demand upon and equal responsibility to the law. 4. Public oflScials should be held to strict accountability, defaulters should be severely punished, and riot and disorder promptly sup- pressed. 5. We deprecate the funding of our non-in- terest bearing debt, and insist that our bonded debt be refunded at a rate of interest not ex- ceeding four per cent. 6. We favor an equal recognition of gold, silver and United States notes in the discharge of public and private obligations, except where otherwise provided by contract, and to the end that the same be secured, we favor the uncon- ditional repeal of the resumption act, and the coinage of silver on equal conditions with gold. We oppose any further retirement of the United States notes now in circulation, and favor the substitution of United States treasury notes for national bank bills. 7. We declare it as our opinion that it is the duty of the government to take immediate steps to improve our great AVcstern rivers, and that the means provided should be commensurate with the importance and magnitude of the work. 8. Thorough investigation into the election frauds of 1876 should be made, the frauds should be exposed, the truth vindicated, and the crimi- nals punished in accordance with law, wherever found. 9. The management of our State institutions by Republican officials has been and is notori- ously corrupt, and a disgrace to the people; we therefore demand a thorough investigation of the same, and the punishment of all parties who have betrayed their trust. Besohed, That we accept and re-affirm the doc- trine of Mr. Tilden upon the war claims as a proper adjustment of the national policy con- cerning that class of claims upon the public treasuiy. The Republicans held their convention June 10- ""'1 -"-JnatB.^ the followin'^ nv u^ 204 HISTORY OF IOWA. Vic ticket: Secretary of State, Capt. John A. T. Hull; Auditor, Maj. Buren R. Sherman; Treasurer, George W. Bemis; Register State Land Office, Lieut. James K. Powers; Judge of Supreme Court, Col. J. H. Rothrock. They also adopted the following platform: 1. That the United States of America is a nation, not a league. By the combined work- ings of the national and State governments, under their respective constitutions, the right of every citizen should be secured at home and abroad, and the common welfare promoted. Any failure on the part of either the national or State governments to use every possible consti- tutional power to afford ample protection to their citizens, both at home and abroad, is a neglect of their highest duty. 2. Against the assaults of traitors and rebels, the Eepublican party has preserved these gov- ernments, and they represent the great truths spoken to the world by the Declaration of Inde- pendence, that "all men are created equal;" that they "are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that for the attainment of these ends, governments have been instituted among men, deriving just powers from the consent of the governed," which con- sent is evinced by a majority of the lawful sufirages of the citizens,determined in pursuance of law; and in order that this end maybe justly and fully reached, the Republican party of Iowa demfinds that every qualified elector in every State, North and South, Democrat or Eepubli- can, white or black, shall be permitted, un dis- turbed by force and unawed by fear, to vote at all elections at the place prescribed by law, and nowhere else, just once, and no more than once; and that every vote so cast shall be honestly counted, and that every person chosen by such votes to any office shall be freely inducted into it, and effectively supported in the discharge of his duties; and every well informed person knows that with such freedom of elective action and honest administration as are herein de- manded, at least five of the Southern States are Republican by a large majority, and that they are now in the hands of the Democratic party, solely through force, fraud, intimidation, and failure to enforce the principles herein set forth. 3. The permanent pacification of the southern- section of the Union, and the complete protec- tion of all its citizens in all their civil, political, personal and property rights, is a duty to which the Republican party stands sacredly pledged. In order to redeem this pledge, it placed the recent amendments in the constitution of the United States, and upon the righteous basis of said amendments it will go forward in the work of pacification until peace shall come through right doing, and contentment through justice. 4. The Democratic dogma of "home rule," which seeks to shut out from participation in the political affairs of the southern States all citizens who oppose the Democratic party and are not natives of said States, and ia. obedience to the spirit to which every man from the north, of republican sentiments, is termed a "carpet- bagger," is hereby denounced as the worst phase of State rights yet developed, and we demand for the people of Iowa absolute freedom to go whithersoever they may please within the limits of the nation, to utter their sentiments by speech or by press upon all subjects touching their interests, and all matters of public concern. 5. That the armed conflict between the traitors and the rebels who sought to destroy the republic, and the patriots who defended it, was more than a trial of physical force between Greeks. It was a struggle of right against wrong, of a true civilization against a false one, of a good government against anarchy, of patriots against traitors, wherein the Republican party was the defender of right, the champion of a true civilization, the promoter of good govern- ment, and in whose ranks patriots marched against traitors; and who ever fails to regard the Republican party from this standpoint and in this light, fails to comprehend its character, its achievements, its purposes, and its duties, and whoever treats with the Democratic party from any other standpoint, manifests incapacity nr ^ HISTORY OP IOWA. 205 to understand palpable facts, and will be ober- whelmed with disaster. 6. That the soldiers who fought the battles of the republic are entitled to special credit for the heroism which they displayed, for their unselfish devotion to liberty and order, and for the great fact that the war "turned out as it did;" and discredit, in like degree, attaches to the traitors and rebels who fought to destroy the nation. Whoever fails to appreciate these facts, is derelict in the duty he owes to the party. 7. That the Kepublican party is the party of order as opposed to all lawlessuess in whatever quarter the same may arise, or in whatever fona it may appear. 8. That the wisdom of the fiaancial policy of the Republican party is made manifest by its results. It has brought specie and paper practi- cally together months before the date fixed by law for t):e resumption of specie payment by the government; it has given to all classes money of the same value; it has placed our nation on an equal footing with the other great nations of the world in all matters of financial concern; it has promoted the refunding of the national debt at a low rate of interest; it has maintained the national credit; and any change in ihia policy which tends to obstruct it in its work of restor- ing specie payment, whereby paper currency becomes absolutely as valuable as gold and silver stand.ird coin; of reviving business, pro- moting industry, and maintaining the public credit, is hereby denounced as wholly evil and injurious to the best interest of the country. 9. That the organized raid on the treasury by the Southern Democratic members of Congress, for payment of hundreds of millions of dollars of rebel war claims, is an unparalleled impu- ■ dence, and a present danger against the success of which the triumph of fie Republican party is our only security. 10. That we favor a wisely adjused tariff for revenue. 11. In the matter of the faithful administra- tion of the public funds, the Rupublican parly challenges the closest scrutiny, and invites com- parison with any and all other agencies in pub- lic or private affairs. I7otwithstanding the vast sums, amounting to thousands of millions of dollars, collected and distributed by Republican administration, the percentage of loss is less than can be shown by any other political party that has ever been entiusted with the control of public affairs, or by individuals in their own private business. This shows that the charge of corruption made against the Republican party is as groundlessly impudent as was the attempt of the Southern Democracy to destroy the Union wantonly wicked and atrociously cruel. 12. The title to the Presidential term was definitely and finally settled by the forty-fourth Congress, and any attempt to open it is danger- ous, illegal, and unconstitutional, and the Republican party of Iowa will resist all efforts not founded on the constitution and the existing laws to displace the present possessor of said title, and it is a source of sincere congratulation that the firm attitude assumed by the Republi- can party of the country in this regard forced a majority of the House of Representatives to disavow the real but covert purposes of the so- called Potter investigation. 13. That the eflotrs of the Democratic party in Congress to cripple and render inefficient the army and navy of the United States is most earnestly condemned, and all efforts looking to a permanent reduction of the same, with a view to a future reorganization, whereby the official stations may be in whole or in part supplied by officers who engaged in rebellion against the nation, who hold to the doctrine of secession, and who acknowledge primary allegiance to a State, are hereby denounced as dangerous to the peace of the country and w the permanence of the Union. 14. That it is not only the right, but the duty, of every good citizen at party caucus, in the party conventions, and at the polls, to use his best efforts to secure the nomination and elec- tion of good men to places of official trust, and we disapprove of all interference with the perfect freedom of action of any citizen in the exercise of said right and in the discharge of said dutv. 9 \ !k^ 206 HISTORY OF IOWA. 15. That personal temperance is a most com- mendable virtue in a people, and the practical popular movement now active througout the State, for the promotion of temperance, has our most profound respect, sympathy, and approval. 16. That we demand the most rigid economy in all departments of the public service, and rigid retrenchment in all public expenses in all possible directions, and the reduction of taxa- tion to the lowest limits consistent with efficient public service. In the direction of such economy and retrenchment, we heartly commend the action of the Republican legislature in reducing the expenses of the State in the sum of four hun- dred thousand dollars, and this example set by the State, should be followed in all other depart- ments of our government. 17. That the Republican party of Iowa de- mands an honest, faithful and efficient discharge of duty by all officers, whether federal. State, couuty or municipal, and requires a full, fair, and impartial and searching iuvestigation into tbe official conduct of all officials and the busi- ness of all officers, without regard to party or personal association, and whenever or wherever fraud and dishonesty are discovered, the Repub- licans of Iowa demand the prompt punishment of the guilty parties. "Let no guilty man es- cape." A fusion ticket, composed of Green- backers and Democrats, was agreed on September 29tli, as follows : Secretary of State, E. M. Farnsworth (Greenbacker); Auditor, Jos. Eiboeck (Democrat); Treas- urer, M. L.Deyin (Greenbacker); Register of Land Office, M. Farrington (Green- backer); Judge of Supreme Court, Joseph C. Knapp (Democrat); Attorney-General, John Gibbons (Democrat); Clerk of Su- preme Court, Alex. Runyon (Greenback- er); Reporter of Supreme Court, Johri B. Elliott (Democrat). On Secretary of State the vote was as follows : J. A. T. Hull, Rep 134,544 E. M. Tarnsworth, Fusion 125,087 T. O. Walker, Dem 1,303 Hull, overall 8,055 The Democrats held a convention May 21, 1879, at Council BlufEs, and nominated the following State ticket : Governor, H. H. Trimble; Lieutenant-Governor, J. Y. Yeomans; Judge of Supreme Court, Reu- ben Noble; Supt. of Public Instruction, Erwin Baker. The platform adopted by the convention is here given : ResoUed, That the Democratic party now, as in the past, insists that our liberties depend upon the strict construction and observance of the constitution of the United States and all its amendments. 2. That the States and the general govern- ment should be sternly restrained to their respec- tive spheres, and to the exercise only of the powers granted and reserved by the constitution. 3. That the policy of the Republican party, by which it inflates the importance of tbe States when necessary to cover the theft of the Presi- dency, and in turn magnifies the functions of the general government to cover the coercion of the States into the endorsement of the partisan will of the fraudulent executive, is full of evil and fruitful of danger. 4. That such a policy is intended to array section against section, the States against the general government, and it against the States in turn, for the purpose of destroying the freedom of both, and teaching the people to look to a strong government as a shelter from the anarchy its advocates have planned. 5. That evidences of these nefarious pur- poses is furnished by the present attitude of the Republican party, which is arrayed against a , free ballot, on which depend all the liberties se- cured to us by the constitution. 6. That we view with alarm the determina- tion of the Republican party, through th» fraud- ulent executive, to deprive this republic of its army, so necessary to the defence of its frontier, and its protection from foreign and domestic enemies, by vetoing appropriations for the pay D \ -V.^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 207 and support of our soldierg, unless they can be used to force voters to record the mere will of the executive. 7. That we hail the Democratic Senators and Eepresentatives in Congress as worthy the hero- ic lineage of American citizens, for standing firmly for the American idea in government as against the despotic theory from which our rev- olutionary fathers revolted, and we ask all lovers of liberty to join us and them in a protest against the change in our form of government proposed by the Republican party, which will substitute the will of one man for that of the majority of all the people. 8. That we are in favor of the substitution ef United States treasury notes for national bank notes, and of the abolition of national banks as banks of issue; that the government of the United States issue the money for the people; and, further, that we favor a reduction of the bonded debt of the United States as fast as prac- ticable, and the application of the idle money in the treasury to that purpose. 9. That we favor the free and unlimited coin- age of the silver dollar of 413)^ grains, and pro- viding certificates for silver bullion which may be deposited in the United Stales treasury, the same to be legal tender for all purposes. 10. That we favor a tarifi for revenue only. 11. That we are in favor of economy in pub- lic expenditures, including reduction of salaries local and general, wherever they may be deemed excessive; and also a reduction in the number of officials. 12. That the Democratic party of Iowa is de- sirous of promoting temperance, and, being op- posed to free whisky, it is in f av.->r of a judicious license law. 13. That we favor holding all public servants to a strict accountability, and their prompt and severe punishment for all thefts of public money and maladministration of public office. A Temperance convention was held at Cedar Rapids June Ifttbj and adopted the following platform : Beaoloed, We recognize the traffic in intoxicat- ing liquors as the great moral, financial, social, and political evil of the present age; that it is one of the worst relics of barbarism; that it has always been the moving cause of crime, and is, therefore, subversive of our republican form of government, and should be overthrown. 3. We believe that the prohibition of the traffic of intoxicating liquors is the only sound legislative theory upon which this vexed ques- tion can be solved and the nation saved from bankrupcy and demoralization; therefore, we insist upon the maintenance and enforcement of our prohibitory liquor law, and upon such amendments by the next Legislature of the State of Iowa as will place ale, wine, and beer under the same condemnation as other intoxicating liquors. 8. We believe that in the security of home rests the security of the Slate; that woman is by her very nature the acknowledged guardian of this sacred shrine, and that intemperance is its greatest enemy, therefore we claim that the daughters of this commonwealth, as well as her sons, be allowed to 8ay,P3y their vote, what laws should be made for the suppression of this evil, and what persons shall execute the same. 4. That the present movement inaugurated by the temperance organizations of the State to prohibit the manufacture and sale of alcoholic liquors, except for mechanical and medical pur- poses, including malt and wine liquors, meets our active support. 5. That we, as the Prohibitionists of the State of Iowa, in view of the great questions of public interest effecting the perpetuity of our general government, which are now absorbing the thought and action of all our people, deem it inexpedient and unwise to nominate a State prohibitory ticket at the present time. A portion of the convention in favor of the nomination of a State ticket seceded, and nominated a State ticket, headed by G. T. Carpenter for Governor. Mr. Car- penter declining, D. R. Dungan was substi- tuted. The rest of the ticket was composed (2 W. -<8 e 208 HISTORY OF IOWA, as follows: LieutenantGovernor, Frank T. Campbell; Judge of the Supreme Court, J. M. Beck; Supt. of Public Instruction, J. A. Nash. The Greenbackers assembled at Des Moines May 28th, and nominated a ticket as follows: Governor, Daniel Campbell; Lieutenant-Governor, M. M. Moore; Su- preme Judge, M. H. Jones; Supt. of Pub- lic Instruction, J. A. Nash. The follow- ing platform was adopted: Whekbas, The sovereign and supreme power of the American Union is vested in the free will of the citizens thereof, who have an equal and unquestionable right to express that will as to them seems best adapted to secure the peace, perpetuate the liberty, and promote the pros- perity of each individual, as well as to enhance and protect the common welfare of our country; and, Whbrbas, This power has been delegated to unworthy servants, who have diverted it from its original purpose, whereby grievous wrongs have been perpetrated on the masses of the people, subjecting them to gross injustice, widespread poverty, untold privations, and business paralyzation; and, Whekbas, These grievances have been greatly augumented by limiting the legal-tender quality of the greenbacks; by loaning the credit of the government to national bank corporations; by changing government bonds into coin bonds, and making the same exclusively payable in gold, by the conversion of a non-interest bearing circulating medium into an interest bearing government debt; by defrauding labor of employ- ment; by the ruinous shrinkage in the value of property; by the depression of business;by the willful restrictions placed upon the romonetiza- tiou of the silver dollar; by the exemption of capital from its just share of the burden of taxa- tion; by the contraction of the greenback cur- rency; by the forced resumption of specie pay- ment; by the increase in the purchasing power of money, and its attendant hardships on the debtor class; by declaring poverty a crime, and ^^ providing punishment therefor; by the criminal waste of the public domain, through enormous grants of land to railroad corporations; by oppressive taxation; by high rates of interest for the use of money; by exorbitant salaries and fees to public oflSlcers; by official corruption in the administration of public affairs; and, Whekbas, A moneyed despotism has grown up in our land out of this state of aflFairs, .which con trols the law-making power of our country, dictates judicial decisions, wields an undue influence over the chief executive of the nation — in the consideration of the laws passed for the benefit of the people, thus enabling the money power to carry on its schemes of public plunder, under and by which colossal fortunes have been gathered in the hands of the ambitious and un- crupulous men whose interests are at war with the interests of the people, hostile to popular government, and deaf to the demands of honest toil; therefore, we, the representatives of the Union Greenback Labor Party of Iowa, adopt the following as our platform of principles: 1. The general government alpne to issue money; the amount in circulation to be fixed by a constitutional amendment upon a per capita basis; calling in of all United States bonds, and the payment of them in full legal- tender money. 2. That the national banks, as banks of issue, must be abolished by law, and the legal tender greenback money of the government of the United States shall be substituted for their cir- culation. 5. That we demand the unlimited coinage of the silver dollar of the present standard weight and fineness. 4. That the American people owe a debt of gratitude to the Union soldiers that can never be fully paid, and in recognition of their patri- otic services we endorse the arrearages of pen- sions, and favor the passage of a bill providing for the equalization of bounties similar to the one vetoed by ex-President Grant. 6. That we view with grave apprehension the continued oppression of the people by cor- porate powers; and while we execrate the inhu- man treatment of the Union soldiers in prison ^"T^ ^1^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 209 pens of the South during the rebellion, we con- demn the violence of partisan spirit in the legisla- tive halls of Congress, which seeks to revive the dead issue of the past while conspiring against and deliberately refusing to provide measures of relief adequate to the living necessities of the present. 6. That it is the right and duty of all qualified electors of any State in the Union to vote accord- ing to their conscientious convictions, and to have that vote honestly and fairly counted; and that any attempt to interfere with that right, either by threats of bands of armed men or the use of troops at the polls, or by fraud in con- ducting the election, or bribery in making out the returns, or by threats to dismiss from service, or any other means by which that right is abridged, is a crime that should be severely punished. 7. That the office-holders of our country are the servants and not the masters of the people, and that these officers should be removed and punished to the full extent of the law whenever they betray the public trust confided to them; and we demand that all official fees and salaries, commencing with the President, should be re- duced from twenty-flve to fifty per cent.; and we further demand the strictest economy in the administration of our courts of justice, and in all other federal and State officers. 8. That we highly commend the moral re- f oiln of men and the elevation of families by agencies of the temperance cause, and demand the use of all just and legal means for the sup- pression of the evils of intemperance. 9. That all real estate be assessed to the owner, and the tax thereon be paid by him, pro- vided, that in case there is a mortgage or ven- dor's lien upon the land, and he pays the whole tax, that he may deduct, as payment on said lien, the pro rata share of the tax. 10. That the revenue law of the State shall be amended so that the penalty or interest on the sale of delinquent taxes should not exceed the sum of ten per cent, per annum, and that the time of redemption shall be extended to a teim of five years. 11. We favor the repeal of the present rail- road commissioners' law, and the adoption of a suitable legislative action to reduce and equalize freight. 13. That the prison convict labor shall never come in competition with free labor, by the contract system, under any name. Reaohed, That we approve the bold and inde- pendent stand taken by our Greenback repre- sentatives in Congress; and we especially endorse the conduct of "Messrs. Weaver and Gillette in their conduct with the combined opposition of both old parties. 3. That the nominees of this convention are the candidates of the Greenback party of Iowa, and in no case will we recognize the right of any person or persons to alter or change the ticket here nominated, except to fill vacancies occa- sioned by death, in which case the central' com- mittee shall not place on the ticket the names of any person or persons who are identified with either of the old parties. The Republicans assembled at Des Moines, June 11, and nominated the fol- lowing ticket: Governor, John H. Gear; Lieutenant-Governor, Prank T. Campbell; Supreme Judge, J. M. Beck; Snpt. of Public Instruction, C. W. Von Coelln. A platform was adopted as follows: 1. That the United States of America is a nation, not a league. This is the doctrine of the constitution, confirmed by the result of the war of the rebellion. The Democratic party denies this, and opposes to it the doctrine of State rights, which includes the power of a State to dissolve its connection with the Union, therefore it is dangerous to the national life to trust it to the Democratic party. 3. Upon the foregoing doctrine of nationality depends the power of the republic to protect its citizens in all other rights, both at home and abroad, and from its denial by the Democratic party have resulted the barbarous outrages per- petrated on citizens in al' of the disturbed sec- tions of the Southern mates, and redress can be 9 ^V " '^ 210 HISTOEY OP IOWA. had alone tlirougb the administration of public affairs in the several departments of the govern- ment hy the Republican party. 3. We denounce the attempt of the Demo- cratic party in" Congress to render the federal elections insecure by the repeal of the election laws ef the United States as dangerous to a free and pure expression of the voice of the people through the ballot-box, and as tending to subject said elections to the dominations of the bull- dozing elements of the Southern States, and of repeaters and promoters of fraud in the city of New Tork and elsewhere, and the resistence made to the accomplishment of this result by the Kepublican Senators and Eepresentotives in Congress, and by President Hayes in his veto messages, is accorded our profound commenda- tion. 4. That we approve, ol the financial policy of the Republican party, and refer with pride to its results. The Southern Democratic rebellion for the perpetuation of slavery and the enforcement of State rights forced an enormous interest- bearing debt upon the people, which, in August, 1865, reached its highest point, and then amounted to $3,381,630,294.96, requiring an an- nual interest payment of $150,977,697.87. On the 1st of August next, when the Republican refunding operations will be , completed, this Democratic debt will be reduced to $1,797,648,- 700.00, with an annual interest charge of but $88,778,777.50, showing a reduction in the prin- cipal of $583,886,594.96, and of the annual interest charge of $57,203,619.87; and we declare this debt shall be honestly paid in honest money, and to this end are in favor of keeping our coin circulation at its largest practicable volume, and of maintaining our paper currency where the Republican party has placed it — at par with coin; and to the further end that the dollar earned by labor shall be worth as much as the dollar earned by capital. 6. Concerning further financial legislation, we say, let us have peace, undisturbed by Con- gressional tinkering, that our business interests may revive, investments of more idle capital be encouraged, commercial Interests fostered, *and the general welfare promoted. 6. The profit arising from the coinage of gold and silver should inure to the benefits of the government, and not to the advantage of private owners of bullion, as this tends to diminish the burdens of the tax-payers, and no part of the tax-paying currency should bo converted into the new tax-paying list. 7. We favor a wisely-adjusted tariff for rev- enue. 8. We demand a strict economy in the impo- sition of public taxes and expenditures of pub- lic money, and such just reduction and equali- zation of the salaries and fees of public officers as shall place them on an equality with like po- sitions in private employment. 9. That we renew our expression of profound gratitude to the soldiers and sailors of the Union, and denounce the removal of employees of this class by the Democrats in Congress, and the ap- pointment, in their stead, of members of the Confederate army. 10. That we re-affirm the position of the Re- publican party heretofore expressed upon the subject of temperance and prohibition. The vote on Governor was as follows : John H. Gear, Rep 157,571 H. H. Trimble, Dem 85,056 F.T.Campbell, Gr 45,438 D. R. Dungan, Temp 3,258 Gear, over all 23,828 The campaign of 1880 was an exciting one. James A. Garfield was the Repub- lican candidate for the Presidency;. Win- field S. Hancock, the Democratic; James B. Weaver, the Greenback; Neal Dow, the Prohibition. The Eepublicans of Iowa were first in the field this year, meeting in convention at DesMoines April 7*h, and nominating for Secretary of State, J. A. T. Hull; Treasurer, E. H. Conger; Auditor, W. V. Lucas; Attorney-General, Smith McPherson; Register of State Land Office, J. K. Powers. They also resolved — 1. That we insist on the nomination of well- known Republicans of national reputation for 8 \ J^' At^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 211 ability, purity and experience in public affairs, and adhesion to Republican principles, for Pres- ident and Vice-President of the United States, by the National Bepublican Convention. 2. That, as Republicans of Iowa, recognizing in the Hon. James Q. Blaine a man of tried in- tegrity, of uncompromising loyalty and patriot- ism, of commanding ability both as a leader and statesman, and a fearless advocate of the prin- ciples which have preserved the Union and given undying luster to the party of which he is the admired representative, we take pleasure in re- cording the fact that he is the preference of the Republicans of Iowa for the office of President of the United States. And while we pledge our- selves to support the nominee of the Chicago convention, we nevertheless declare it is our conviction that no other candidate will develop the enthusiasm or call out the number of votes that would be polled by the American people for James G. Blaine, as the standard-bearer of the Republican party in the national contest of 1880. 3. That the delegation of this convention to Chicago be instructed to cast the vote of Iowa as a unit; and that the delegation be further in- structed to use all honorable means to secure the nomination for President of the Hon. James G. Blaine. The Greenback party assembled in con- vention May 19th, at Des Moines and nominated Secretary of State, 6. M. Wal- ker; Treasurer of State, Matthew Farring- ton; Auditor of State, 6. V. Swearengen; Attorney-General, W. A. Spurrier; Register of State Land-Office, Thos. Hooker. The following is the platform adopted : "We, the National Greenback Labor Party of Iowa, decide, as our first broad principle of faith, that that which is created is subservient to the power that created it. Beaolved, That all currency, whether metallic or paper, necessary for use and convenience of the people, should be issued and controlled by the government, and not by or through the bank corporations of the country; and when so issued shall be^a full legal tender for the payments of all debts, public and private. 2. That so much of the interest bearing debt of the United States as shall become redeemable in the year 1881, or prior thereto, being in amount $783,000,000, shall not' be refunded beyond the power of the government to call in said obligations and pay them at any time, but shall be paid as rapidly as possible, and accord- ing to contract. To enable the government to meet these obligations, the mints of the United States should be operated to their full capacity in the coinage of standard silver dollars, and such other coinage as the business of the country may require. 3. That as the producing classes are now enslaved by interest-bearing debt, therefore we are unalterably opposed to all bonded indebted- ness. 4. That the payment of the bond in coin, originally payable in lawful money, was a gift to the bond-holder, and the payment of the soldiers in paper, when by contract payable in coin, was and is an unjust discrimination in favor of the bondholder; therefore, we demand, in justice to the soldier, that he be paid accord- ing to contract. 5. That we are opposed to the importation of Chinese semi-barbarous labor, regarding it as a paralyzing and degrading system, that will, unless checked, undermine American free labor 6. That we demand the immediate passage by Congress of a law for the equalization of soldiers' bounties similar to the one vetoed by President Grant. 7. That the right of suffrage, free press and speech, are the inalienable rights of every citi- zen of the United States. 8. That we denounce the discrimination between government clerks and government laborers, the clerks working six hours and the laborers ten hoius. 9. That we are opposed to a large standing army, either national or State, in times of pro- found peace, eating out the substance of the people. i) "Vy 212 HISTOEY OP IOWA. 10. That we will continue to agitate the sub- ject of reform in this State, until ofllcial salaries shall bear a just proportion to the incomes of the people who pay them: 11. That the last Legislature of our State, in failing to pass the innocent purchaser bill, the bill to reduce court expenses, the bill to protect the destruction of sheep from the ravages of dogs, the bill to cut down our tax penalties, the bill to reduce the rate of interest, have neglected the best interests of the State, and ought to be turned out of power, 13. That the State should not sell contract labor to compete with free labor. 13. That as citizens of Iowa we feel proud of, and extend our heartfelt eratitude to Messrs. Weaver and Gillette, for their noble and untir- ing efforts in the halls of CoDgress to secure the rights of the worthy toiling millions. 14. That we, as the National Greenback Labor Party, know no North, no South,_no East, no West. 15. That all banks of issue and all monopolies must go. The Democrats met at Des Moines; Sep- tember 2d, and nominated a ticket as fol- lows : For Secretary of State, A. B. Keitli; Treasurer, Martin Blim ; Auditor, Chas. I. Barker ; Attorney-General, C. A. Clark ; Register of State Land Oifice, C. A. Dougiierty. They also resolved : 1. We, the Democracy of Iowa, in delegate convention assembled, endorse the platform of the party adopted at Cincinnati, and pledge our earnest efforts in its behalf. 3. The Democracy of Iowa are heartily in favor of the National nominees, Hancock and English, as they give a decided assurance of p:.re and more thoroughly careful administration of national affairs. 3. We are in favor of a judicious license law, and condemn all efforts to legislate against those natural rights which do not trespass upon those belonging to the whole community, and we applaud the action of our representatives at DesMoines in the Eighteenth General Assembly for their manly and able opposition to the at- tempt at sumptuary legislation made by a Re- publican legislature. The vote for Secretary of State stood as follows: J. A. T. Hull, Rep 184, 166 A. B. Keith, Dem 105, 760 G.M. Walker, Gr 32,780 Scattering 423 Hull overall. 45, 204 In the campaign of 1881, the first con- vention held was by the Democrats, at DesMoines, June 16. They nominated for Governor, L. G. Kinne; Lieutenant- Governor, J. BI. "Walker; Judge of Su- preme Court, H. B. Hendershott; Supt. of Public Instruction, W. H. Butler. The convention adopted the following plat- form: The Democratic party of Iowa, in convention assembled, re-affirm the national platforms of 1876 and 1880, demand strict economy in all public expenditures, a strict accountability of all public servants, and declares — 1. For tariff reform, ultimating in simpler revenue system, with commercial freedom as its issue. 3. That we oppose all sumptuary laws, and the proposed prohibitory amendment to the constitution in all its steps and stages as the most offensive form of sumptuary regulation, 3. That the great agricultural and producing interests of the country should be emancipated from the burdens of monopoly put upon them by Republican rule, and as a feature of such relief, for the cheapening of transportation by government appropriations for improvement of the Mississippi river, i^s navigable tributaries, and other water-ways. 4. That we execrate the constant official cor- ruption grown into Republican practice, and that the demand of our national pint form for civil service reform is freshly emphHsiz.ed by the immoral spectacle of Republican factions dis- -Al |w. -■^ tUL HISTORY OF IOWA. 213 turbing the public peace, not by the agitation of great measures of statesmanship, but by a vulgar quarrel over the partition of public spoils, and a squabble for the opportunities of official theft. The Greenback convention was held at Marshalltown, June 2, and the foUowing ticket nominated: Governor, D. M. Clark; Lieutenant-Governor, James M. Holland; Supt. of Public Instruction, Mrs. A. M. Swain; Supreme Judge, W. W. William- son. The following platform was adopted by the convention: 1. The right to make and issue money is a sovereign constitutional power to be maintained by the people for the common benefit. We de- mand the abolition of all banks of issue, and the substitution of full legal tender greenbacks in lieu of their notes. 2. We oppose the refunding of the national debt or the issue of interest-bearing non-payable bonds upon any pretext, and demand the pay- ment and destruction of those outstanding at the earliest possible moment. 8. We demand a gradual income tax, where- by capital shall bear a just share of the public burden. 4. We regard the act substituting a railroad commission for laws governing freight rates in the State as a fraud secured by the railroad companies through a Republican legislature, and demand its repeal. While we favor liberal na- tional appropriations for the creation and im- provement of water-ways, we demand laws protecting the people of Iowa from discrimina- tion, pooling, watering of stock, drawbacks or rebates, and all unjust charges on the part of railroads, until such time as the people, who built most of these roads with land grants, taxes and subsidies, shall own and operate or fully control them. 5. We demand a revision of our patent right laws, placing a fair limit upon the royalties of inventors, and protecting the people from injus- tice. 6. We demand that all land gi-ants forfeited by reason of the non-f ulflllment of conditions by railroad companies shall be at once reclaimed by the government, and henceforth that the public domain be reseiTed exclusively for homesteaders or actual settlers. 7. We demand absolutely Democratic rules for the government of Congress and State legis- latures, placing all representatives of the people upon an equal footing, and taking from all com- mittees a veto power upon proposed legislation. 8. We denounce as most dangerous the re- strictions of • the right of suffrage in many States, and its abolition in the District of Col- umbia, and demand equal political rights for all men and women. 9. Believing that all questions affecting the public interest should be decided by the people, we favor the submission of the proposed consti- tutional amendment to the popular vote. 10. We demand that all ballots in this State shall be of uniform size, color and material, and that each party having a State organization shall have one member on the election board of each township precinct. 11. We favor the abolition of the electoral college, and the election of President, Vice- President and Senators of the United States by a direct vote of the people. 13. In the furtherance of these ends, we ask the co-operation of all men and women, without regard to previous party affiliation or prejudice. The Republicans met at DesMoines, Jane 1, and nominated the following ticket: Governor, Buren. R, Sherman; Lieutenant-Governor, Orlando H. Man- ning; Supt. of Public Instruction, John W. Akers; Judge of Supreme Court, Austin Adams. The convention also adopted the following platform: We, the representatives of the Republican party of Iowa, demand anew_ of the people of the State their fullest confidence and support, because of the faithfulness of the party, in the State and in the nation, to party pledges; be- cause of the marvelous devotion it has shown in support of the Union; because of its abhorrence >?•. 214 HISTORY OF IOWA. of slavery and polygamy, and of its successful efforts to crash the one, and of its persistent struggle to get rid of the other, sure to go on to its final extirpation; because of Its active inter- est in the relief of struggling and oppressed humanity everywhere; because of its determin- ation to abolish all inequalities of citizenship, to give all men of all races and nationalities in this land equality of civil and political rights; be- cause of its efforts to establish temperance, to educate the people and buildup aU moral forces; because it has been earnest in its efforts toward honest and economical government, and has been swift to correct abuses when it has discov- ered them; because it has steadily maintained the financial honor of the nation, is rapidly dis- charging its great war debt, and has made the recent financial history of the government the marvel of nations; because it has protected the labor of the country, and built up its agricultu- ral and manufacturing interests, and promoted the means of internal commerce by judicial leg- islation; because it is positive and progressive,' and will, in the future, as in the past, prove its capacity, to grapple promptly and successfully with/ every emergency of the nation, and with every question affecting the people's interests; and, finally, because it will secure a complete and .lasting unification of the country,' entire peace and concord, upon the statute basis of free schools, free speech, a free press and a free ballot. In the spirit of the purpose that has redeemed former pledges and produced these results, the Kepublican party of Iowa resolves^ 1 . We re-afflrm the Republican national plat- form of 1880, and insist upon its enforcement in its relation to the several affairs of the nation, the States and the Territories, in order that sound policies shall prevail in the nation, and ample protection be afforded to its citizens in all of their rights of citizenship in the several States; and that the territories be made as abso- lutely free from the debasing presence and per- nicious influences of polygamy as the States now are of slavery. 2. We congratulate this country upon the election of James A. Qarfield, and the national adminstration upon the vigorous manner in which it has undertaken'to ferret out fraud and suppress extravagance in public expenditures, to secure the personal and commercial rights of our people abroad, to deal justly with the Indian wards of the government, and upon the con- spicuous success of its financial policy. 5, That we are in hearty sympathy with the spirit of recent conventions for supplementing and improving the great water routes of the nation, and cordially endorse all measures which look toward a practical and judicious improve- ment of the magnificent water-ways which nature has afforded us for cheaply transporting the immense commerce of the States, and therefore developing the immense resources of the interior of our national domain. 4. That we recognize railways as one of the most potent agencies in our national pros:ress, but one which by reason of its relation to the people, must be kept subordinate to the interests of the people, and within the legislative control - of Congress and the State. That in the spirit of its usefulness, it must be dealt with in fairness and without . injustice. But we are in accord with the popular demand, that the unquestion- able legislative power shall be used to protect the people from any abuse and unjust exactions. • 5. That the plenary power of Congress over the subject of patent, should be so exercised as to protect the people against the wrongs and abuses which have been developed and are practiced under the present system of laws relating to patent rights, and we ask our senators and repre- sentatives in Congress, to lend their best efforts to the accomplishment of this end. 6. That the position attained in our com- merce by American meats and live animals, demand the enactment of effective legislation by both the nation and the States, for the sup- pression of such diseases as are calculated to interfere with this important feature of our foreign trade. ' 7. That in pursuance of the uniform justice of the Republican party to observe the pledges and perform the promises made and given in its platform, we declare that the provisions in the ^ s ^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 215 platform of 1879, tot the submission of the so-eallcd prohibitory amendment of the con- stitntion of Iowa, to a vote of the people at a special and non-partisan election should be enforced, in order that the good faith of the party may be maintained, and that the people in this government of the people, by the people, and for the people, may have an opportunity to express their wishes concerning the pending amendment, regardless of party affiliations, and ■with perfect freedom from all party restraint and influences. CHAPTER XI. TEREITOKIAL AXD STATE OPFICEES — A EKTEOSPBCT. In the limited space of this State his- tory, sketches of the various Territorial and State officers cannot be given, though they would be of great interest. It is thought best, however, to insert sketches of the three Territorial Governors. These Lave been prepared by Hon. Samuel Mur- dopk, of Clayton county, a gentleman than whom none are better qualified for the task. BoBEST Lucas. In the spring of 1832 the celebrated Indian Chief, Black Hawk, in violation of the treaty of St. Louis in 1804, which he himself had ratified in 1816, and again partially ratified in 1831, started with hia band, composing a part of the Sao and Fox Indians, ascended Rock River to a considerable distance, where he took up a strong military position. Gen. Atkinson, with a largo ntimber of United States troops and volunteers from the surrounding country, immediately pur- sued him, with the intention of forcing the cunning chief either to retire or give him battle. And in compliance with this reso- lution, he dispatched forward Major Still- man, with three or four hundred volunteers, to reconoitre the position of Black Hawk. But Stillman had before him a "Warrior tried;" a man who had been born and cradled upon the battle-field; one who had followed his father through many a hard- fought battle with the Cherokees; one who had stood shoulder to shoulder with Tecumseh at Brownstown and the Thames; one who, by experience, understood both the tactics of the white man and the Indian; one who had mingled in the strife and carnage of every desperate and bloody battle along the whole western border for nearly half a century before. As soon as he heard that Stillman was approaching his camp, he made preparations to meet him, and in doing this he planned and accomplished one of the greatest and most Vf ^ ^ .^ s ^ 216 HISTOEY OF IOWA. ekillful military stratagems known to modern times. Stillman, underrating the character of the man before him, rushed, with his whole force, into the very jaws of death; his troops were thrown into the worst kind of disorder, and fell around him dead and dying over the field. Bravely did Stillman attempt to rally his men and bring them into order, which he came very near doing; but the eagle eye of an old warrior was looking over that field, and just at the moment when the tide of battle seemed to hang in a balance, this brave old warrior puts him- self at the head of a chosen number of his gallant braves, and with a yell that sent a thrill through many a bold and daring heart, rushed to the charge, dealing death and destruction in his way. . Stillman ordered his men to fall back, but all was now utter confusion, and the retreat became a perfect rout. Thus, sir, commenced the short and bloody "Black Hawk War," a war in which few laurels were won, and nothing found to admire save the daring bravery , of the savage commander. It is not my purpose to fol- low it further; its history is a history of the most disgraceful ouirages and vile treacheries on the -part of "the Americans; and but for the noble conduct of the gal- lant Dodge connected with it, ought to be blotted forever from the lecoUections of American history. The war ended by the capture of "Black Hawk" through the treachery of the Win- nebagos; and a treaty was concluded with him on the 21st of September, 1832, at Rock Island, by whi^eh he ceded to the United States a large tract of land, west of the Mississippi, which became known as the "Black Hawk Parchase." This war had its important effects in the his- tory of the Great West; it brought into notice the rich valley of the Rock river; it laid open to view the wealth and treas- ures locked up for past ages in the lead mines of Wisconsin; it opened to the view of the emigrant a rich and fertile valley, lying between the Mississippi on one side and the Missouri on the other; and long before the stipulations of the treaty of 1832 could be carried out, thousands rushed pell mell into the new land, ming- ling savage and civilized life together. The National Legislature has never yet been- able to keep up in making the neces- sary laws for their protection, with the great tide of civilization, as it rolls on- ward, year after year, upon the heels of retreating savages. On the 20th of April, 1836, Congress passed a law for the organization of the Territory of Wisconsin, by the provisions of which the northern boundary of Wis*- consin extended west in a zigzag direction from a point opposite the main channel of Green Bay through Lake Superior, touch- ing the White Earth river, thence down said river to the main channel of the Mis- souri, thence down the Missouri to a point due west from the northwest corner of the State of Missouri, etc.; thus, you see, in- cluding within the bounds of Wisconsin all the lands and territory which now compose the great States of Iowa and Minnesota. It was soon evident that this arrangement could not last long; Young America had crossed the Mississippi, and had left a natural boundary behind him; stretching his eyes three hundred miles HISTORY OF IOWA. 217 west, his viBion rested upon another, and ■with this in Tiew, lie demanded a separa- tion, wbicn no Congress at that time dared to refuse. On the 13th day of June, 1838, Congress passed an act organizing the Territory of Iowa into a separate and distinct govern- ment. This was the era of many a dar- ling project on the part of Young Amer- ica, which he has since carried out to per- fection and success; while at the same time it became the era of many a "bubble bnrsted" in the shape of fallen cities and deserted capitols. Cassville, below you, was once, in expectancy, a proud metropo- lis, and the seat of a more than Chinese Empire. The act took effect from and after the 3d day of July of that year, with all the requisites of a separate and inde- pendent exislence. Robert Lucas, of Ohio, the person whose name heads this article, was appointed by Mr. VanBuren, her first Governor, in con- nection with Willian B. Conway, of Penn- sylvania, Secretary. Governor Lucas, at the time of his appointment, -was quite an old man, and far advanced in the decline of life; he had spent his best days in the service of hia country. His youth was spent amid the strife and storms of a cruel and desperate border war. He was engaged in almost every battle from the Huron to the Thames. He had mingled personally in almost every skirmish on the frontier during the war of 1812, and his history was full of romantic adventures, hair-breadth escapes, and bold and daring encounters. He had seen the Great West territory pass from a howling wilderness, and become the abode of millions of freemen who could cultivate their own vine and fig tree, wor- ship at their own shrine, with none to fear or make them afraid. He had seen Ohio a despondency, a little colony, struggling for existence, with almost her entire male population drafted for a border war, and he left her for Iowa, the third among a confederation of States, the greatest, the most powerful, and at the same time the most proud and glorious republic the world ever saw. He commenced, his public career in Ohio in her infancy; he assisted, by his valor and courage, to drive back the mur- derous foe who hung upon the borders to glut his vengeance on the innocent child at its mother's breast. And not until the Indian had buried the tolnahawk, and England had ceased to desolate her fron- tiers, did he quit his post and return to enjoy himself in the peaceful avocations of private life. He mingled in her halls and in her councils, and his name con- nected with almost every public act of that great State, which gave her prosperity and greatness; and as a tribute to his worth and a reward, for his services, she conferred upon him, in his declining years, the office of Governor. It was soon after his term of office ex- pired in Ohio that he received from the President the Governorship of Iowa. It was during his term of office as Gov- ernor of Ohio that the dispute arose between that State and the territory of Michigan, in relation to their respective boundaries, which came very near plung- ing both of them into a cruel, desperate and fratricidal war. The matter was set- tled, finally, by giving Ohio all she claimed; and in order to keep the youngest child of 'y>, 218 HISTORY OP IOWA. the Republic in these days from being naughty, she was given a strip of poor territory, two hundred and fifty miles from her, and north and west of the main channel of Green Bay. He commenced his career in Iowa with all the bouyancy of youth and better days, and looked forward with a great deal of interest to the day when he should see her a proud and noble State. Scarcely had he time to look around him and gather information, in his new field of labor, before he found himself involved in another question of boundry, between Iowa and the State of Missouri. Missouri had set up a claim to a strip of country about six miles wide extending along the south line of our whole State; and on this strip of land she had several times attempted to collect taxes and en- iorce her laws. The settlers resisted these claims of Missouri, and appealed to the Governor for protection. No sooner was their case made known to him than he resolved to call forth all the military force he could procure, and for this purpose he issued his proclamation. Hundreds responded to his call, and in a short time he had col- lected here and there through the territory a set of men who only wanted a nod from their commander, and they would have thrown themselves against odds into the very heart of Missouri. Gov. Boggs, of Missouri, had also called on his State for assistance, and he, too, was on his march with a desperate set of men to assert his claim. Had those two forces have met, nothing could have prevented a dreadful and fatal encounter. e) But wise councils prevailed, and the legislature of Iowa, ,to its everlasting credit, drew up and passed a preamble and resolutions requesting both Governors to suspend hostilities until the first day of July thereafter. These resolutions had the desired effect; military preparations were suspended by both parties, and an- other cruel and fratricidal war averted. The matter was afterwards submitted to Congress, where, through the influence of A. C. Dodge, with his uncle. Dr. Linn, who was at that time a Senator in Congress from Missouri; the matter was finally settled by giving to Iowa all she ever claimed. Thus ended the celebrated "Missouri war," a war whose history is full of fun and anecdote, a war which has since fur- nished the theme for many an idle, but interesting romance; and a war which will only be remembered in machine verse and burlesque song; for "Missouri shall many a day" "Tell of the bloody fray " "When the Hawkeyes and Pukies" "Fivst met on her border." Governor Lucas never forgot the inci- dents of this war during his life; and long after the difficulties had passed away, he never could talk about it without flying into a passion at the conduct of Missouri. He cherished a holy hatred for the land of "Pukes" during his lifetime. Not long after the difficulties with Mis- souri were settled, he got into a desperate quarrel with the legislature, and for a time, everything about the capital wore a bel- ligerant aspect. It will be recollected that at that time the legislature was filled exclusively by young men; "mere boys," HISTORY OF IOWA. 219 as it was said of them at the time, and a higher set of fellows than they were, could scarcely be found. They looked upon Iowa as their own and each of them looked himself as the future ,Sei)ator, Governor, or chief justice of a future State, which he himself was at that time laboring to bring about; and the history of occurring events will show, that with a large number of them, their early antici- pations turned out to be true; and .with those who are still in obscurity, but yet in the prime of life, a bright and happy future is still before them. The Governor was an old man, and, as they thought, tinctured somewhat with "Foggyism," and they did not hesitate to declare that he was here for the office, and for the office alone, and that as soon as his term expired, he would return again to Ohio, as all Governors of new Territories have generally done. What wonder, then, that between such elements, there should, in the course of events spring up a collision. The Governor attempted from time to time, to check these young law-makers in their public expenditures, and did not hesitate to call them a set of proflligates. In retaliation for these acts on the part of the Governor, the legislature appointed a committee, consisting of James W. Grimes, since United States Senator, Chaunoy S wan» who subsequently died at sea on his return from California, and Laurel Summers, afterwards United States Marshal for Iowa, to inquire into his power, and define his duties. This committee after due delibera- tion, gravely reported to the legislature, that the Governor had full power and authority to vote all acts of the legislature, of every kind, name and description, except ^ acts for the appropriation of money, and then asked to be discharged from the fur- ther consideration of the subject. But the matter did not end here, for the legis- lature on the 16th of January, 1840, instructed their delegate to : Congress, W. W. Chapman to use his influence in procuring a law, allowing the people to elect their own Governor, and provided in this resolution, that the Governor himself should circulate it. This resolution he took good care to approve, and actually sent copies of it to Washington city. He was removed from the office of Governor, after the 4th of March, 1831, and John Chambers, of Kentucky was appointed to succeed him. After his removal he returned to private life, and resided at Bloomington for a number of years. He returned to Ohio and ran for Con- gress, but was defeated, after which he again returned to Iowa, and if I mistake not, was a member of the first constitu- tional convention. Old age crept upon him at last, and he died a number of years ago, at Muscatine. He was always a Democrat of the Jack- sonian school, and throughout a long public life he was strictly and religiously honest. He was not a man of much talent, but his long public life had made him familiar with the whole routine of public affairs. With his intimate aquaintance with public men and public affairs, .he could have written an admirable history of the Great Wests. But he has left nothiug behind him save his own acts. ^f^ @ *^ ht^ 220 HISTORY OF IOWA. ^ i In person, he was tall and slender, and in .his younger days, capable of enduring great hardships. As her first Governor, and one of her truest and best friends, he will live on the pages of Iowa's history, when statues of marble and brass, shall have crumbled into dust. JOUX CnAMBEES. On the 4th day of March, 1841, William Henry Harrison was inaugurated President of the United States. He was carried into office through one of the most renowned and exciting political campaigns our coun- try has ever witnessed. During the administration of Mr. Van Buren, his immediate predecessor, our country, and indeed the whole civilized world, was visited by one of those great commercial revulsions which seems peri- odically to take place in the affairs of man. Never before had our country witnessed and felt such a universal depression of all kinds of business, nor could the most gifted seer in commercial pursuits tell how or when this great commercial calamity would end, or be remedied. The people thought they could look back into the administration of General Jack- son, when the deposits were removed, as the primary cause of all the distress in every ramification of trade which followed during the administration of his successor, and in order, as they supposed, to apply a remedy, and restore confidence and secu- rity again to the country, demanded a change in the affairs of the government. For twelve years previous to 1840, the government had been in the hands of a "TET' party calling themselves "Jackson Demo- crats," and from their long tenure in office, many of them had come to the conclusion that they owned them in their own right, and that almost every office in the gift of the President was a life tenure. Acting upon this principle, many of these incumbents had become notoriously cor- rupt, and appropriated the money belong- ing to their respective offices to their own private and pecuniary profijt. These things, added to the commercial distress I have mentioned, increased the popular clamor for a change, and General Harrison was triumphantly elected Presi- dent. And although the writer of this article heard him declare in a public speech that he would suffer his right hand to be cut off before he would remove a public officer for opinion sake alone, yet one of the first acts of his administration was the removal of Kobert Lucas from the Governorship of Iowa, and the appoint- ment of John Chambers, of Kentucky, to succeed him. He arrived in Iowa a short time after he had received his appointment, and imme- diately took possession of his office. He was a Whig, and of that Kentucky school of politics, in his day, which took rather a conservative view of public affairs. He was an old man, and had seen some service in his day. He was among the Kentucky volunteers on the frontier during the war of 1812, and distinguished him- self in several skirmishes with the Indi.ans, and was looked upon as one of Kentucky's bravest men. Everything in Iowa was in the hands of the Democrats; they had, since the formation of the Territory, filled every office; they had controlled and di- ^ a k_ -J2— >■ HISTORY OF IOWA. 221 rected its whole legislation; they had carved and cut every act to suit them- selves. So that when the new Governor arrived he found Iowa in the hands of a joint stock company, with the shares above par, and none to dispose of at any price. These same stockholders had been for several years accustomed to look upon his predecessor, although one of their own faith, with considerable distrust; and need we wonder that when a new man made his appearance among them, of opposite faith, that, for a time at least, he should receive the cold shoulder? He had been appointed for four years, and in all probability would remain his time out; but four years was an age, at that time, to those who in fact controlled the destinies of a future republic. A plan was therefore set on foot by those who owned the largest shares in the com- pany, to bring about a revolution, to change the form of government, to establish a State; and, in obedience to this plan, the legislature, on the 16th day of February, 1842, provided that at the August election following, a vote should be taken for or against a convention to form a constitution for the State of Iowa. At this time the general government had paid all the ex- penses of the Territory, in hard money. At every session of every court, in every county throughout the whole Territory, the Judge, the District Attorney, and last, though not least, the United States Mar- shal, or one of his deputies, always ap- peared together. As soon as the court was over, and justice had been meted out with unsparing hand, the Marshal called np the Grand and Petit Juries, and the witnesses upon all criminal trials, cashed all their accounts in half dollars, and th^y went their own way over the broad prairies, whistling or singing that good old tune, "Uncle Sam is rich enough to give us all a farm." Taxes they did not feel, for there was no ' occasion to gather them, and I know of no happier State on earth than where man can live and enjoy all the sweets of unre- strained liberty, be assured of protection from aggression and wrong, his fields and gardens yielding a bounteous return for the slightest touch of the hoe and the spade, upon his own soil, with a cabin reared by his own hands, and "children who cluster like grapes at the door," with a table covered by the choicest viands, the latch-string never pulled in, and at the same time a government scattering broad- cast around him annually thousands of dol- lars in hard money, and asking nothing in return but good behavior. Such was the state of things in the Territory, at this time; and when the August election came, the people voted against a convention, and wisely concluded to remain a few years longer in a state of .dependency, in order to enjoy, as long as possible, the benefits showered upon them by the general gov- ernment. During all this time the new Governor had not been idle. He had, previous to this, collected all the information ho could in relation to the country. He had held a treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians, and had succeeded in making a purchase of all their lands lying west of the Blaokhawk Purchase and extending west to the Mis- souri, and north to the "Neutral Ground," By this treaty Iowa acquired jurisdiction to the Missouri on the west, and by an act \ /^ t 222 HISTORY OF IOWA. of Congress a criminal jurisdiction to the British possessions on the north. Long before this treaty could be ratified at Washington, tens of thousands rushed ,pell-mell upon the "New Purchase," deter- mined to make themselves "claims," and stand by them to the last. Troops were sent to drive them off until the stipulations of the treaty could be carried out, and in order to give time to the Indians to re- move. But before the troops had time to re- move a few squatters in one portion, "claims" were made in their rear, adjoin- ing one another, at the rate of fifty miles a day. So great was the rush for "claims" that it was no uncommon thing for the in- habitants of an Indian village to wake up in the morning, and to their utter conster- nation and surprise, find a log cabin or "claim shanty" which had been erected in their town during the night, while upon the door, perhaps, with chalk or coal, the unmistakable pictures of the bowie-knife and revolver, indicating, as the Indians well knew, the desperate character of him who sleeps within, upon that pallet of leaves and grass. No troops could restrain them, and the officers gave up in despair, thus in a short time the Territory had received a large addition to her population. The friends of a State government thought they could now, after so large an increase of population as this new pur- chase had brought about, venture again upon their darling scheme. On the 12th day of February, 1844, the Legislature again provided that at the April election following a poll should be opened, and each elector interrogated "for or against a convention?" This time it was made a party measure, and to be "for a convention" was a true test of a man's Democracy. The plan succeeded admirably, even beyond the expectations of the "share-holders," and upon counting there was a small majority in favor of a convention. The delegates were elected at the Aug- ust election following, and the convention, consisting of seventy members, assembled at Iowa City on the first Monday in Octo- ber, 1844, and proceeded to form a consti- tution. After a few weeks deliberation, they produced what they called a constitu- tion, but, upon inspection, it was found to be rather a rickety affair; it was, however, in accordance with the doctrine of "Popu- lar Sovereignty," submitted to the people for their rejection or approval, at the April election, in 1845. At the time of its form- ation, the convention, in defining the boun- daries of the future State, had included on the north nearly the whole of what is now the State of Minnesota. Congress had, however, in anticipation of our coming, and in order to meet us half way, passed an act admitting us into the Union, but at the same time curtailing our boundaries, both on the north and west, cutting us off from the Missouri entirely. This act of Congress became known only a short time before the April election, and this fact, in connection with the unpopularity of the instrument itself, caused its defeat at the election which followed. The legislature had wisely provided, at the session which provided for a conven- tion, that in the event the constitution should be defeated, there should be an election for members of the legislature in t -1^ HISTORY OP IOWA. 223 April, and that such legislature should assemble on the first Monday in May, 1845. The election was held accordingly, and the Legislature assembled at Iowa City at the time designated. Immediately after the organization, the Democrats called together a caucus, in which it was resolved to submit again the same constitution to another test; and, agreeable to this resolution, Shepard Leffler, of DeMoines, introduced into the Senate a bill for that purpose. This bill passed both Houses, and was submitted to Mr. Chambers for his approval. But he differed with the legislature in regard to their power to pass an act of that kind, and he returned it with his veto. The legislature, however, was too strong for him, and they passed the bill over his veto, and again submitted the constitution at the August election following. But the people by this time had got tired of the old thing. Copies of it had been handed from one to another until they were worn out; they believed the Governor was right in his veto; and the old man had the grand satisfaction in seeing his last public act in the territory triumphantly sustained by the people. It was again rejected by a large majority, and came very near defeat- ing General Dodge for Congress, who undertook to pack it and run against B. P. Lowe, the present Chief Justice of the State. Mr. Polk was inaugurated President of the United States on the 4th of March, 1845, and a short time after the close of the session of May, 1845, he removed Mr. Chambers, and appointed James Clarke, of Burlington, to succeed him. This closed the public career of John Chambers, second Governor of Iowa. A short time after his removal by Mr. Polk, he returned to his home in Kentucky, where he soon after died. He was a larger heavy man, round shouldered, and had rather a stooping gait. His manners were reserved, and at first sight you would not care about ap- proaching him, but a little familiar ac- quaintance with him would make him a favorite. A half hour's conversation with him, and he was as pleasing as a child; and take him all in all, he was about the most perfect specimen of Kentucky gentleman that was ever my lot to fall in with. The longer he remained in Iowa, the more the people loved him. I bid him farewell for the last time on the steps of the Capitol at Iowa City, when he wept like a child. When he left Iowa for his own bright and sunny land, he left no enemies behind him. A noble hearted man, he fixed his name forever on the pages of our history, and he left us to mingle his dust in that land which gave him birth. So far as my acquaintance with him is concerned, I can truly say with BurAs: "An honest man dow lies at rest. One who on earth was truly bleat; If there's another world, he lies in bliss. And if there's none, he's made the best of this." Jauks Clabkb. Sometime in the autumn of the year 183V, when the trees were in the yellow leaf, a printer boy of slender form and gentle appearance might have been seen Ml !jA 224 HISTORY OF IOWA. crossing the "Laurel Hills" of his own' State. Behind him rolled the waters of the "Blue Juniata," on the banks of which he had spent, in merry glee, his youthful days. He had heard and read of strange countries that lay far off towards the set- ting sun, through which broad rivers run, and spreading landscapes unfolded to human eyes the most rare and magnificent beauty. These things inspired his youthful mind with a spirit of wild adventure — "fields looked green far away" to his imagination, and he left the scenes of his early youth, severed the strong and loving ties that bound him to the land of his nativity, bid farewell to all that was dear to him on earth, and with his youthful gaze fixed upon that star which never sets, he launched forth into the wilds of Wisconsin, a stranger in a strange land, an adventurer seeking his own fortune, depending upon his own exertions, with no recommend save an honest countenance and genteel deportment. This young man was James Clark, who in after years became the able, talented and popular Governor of Iowa. He remained in Wisconsin, working at his trade as a printer, Tintil after the or- ganization of the Territory of Iowa, when he removed to Burlington, where the first legislature of Iowa assembled. After the death of Mr. Conway, he was appointed, by Mr. Van Buren, Secretarv of the Terri- tory, which ofiice he filled with great credit to himself and satisfaction to the people. During the time he held this office he contributed, by his kind, gentle and amiable manner, to soften the feelings of hatred and distrust which at one time ex- isted between leading men of the Territory. Whoever had business at his office found him a kind, gentle, quiet, amiable man, always ready and willing to do whatever was desired of him, regretting, at the same time, that he could do no more. 'No man ever labored harder in an office than he did, and it always seemed to me that his whole pride and ambition was to serve some one, and by so doing make himself useful to his fellow man. During the time he was Secretary he underwent great labor, but notwithstand- ing the large amount of business he trans- acted, he still found time to write for the press, and contributed many valuable articles touching the future greatness of Iowa. After he retiredfrom the office of Secre- tary, he returned again to the Printing office, and became the leading Editor of the Burlington Gazette. To the columns of this paper he devoted his whole ener- gies, and by so doing, made it the leading democrat paper of the territory; a position which he has held to this day. After the inauguration of Mr. Polk as President of the United States, in 1845, he removed Mr. Chambers, and appointed Mr. Clarke to succeed him as Governor of Iowa. Previous to his appointment, he had been elected by the people of his county, a delegate to the first convention which assembled to form a constitution for the State of Iowa. In this convention he dis- tinguished himself, both for his talent and personal demeanor, and contributed to the pages of that constitution, these great ele- mentary principles which lie at the founda- tion of human rights.. And, although that constitution was . defeated, he still had the satisfaction of 0^ i\±^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 225 seeing their spirit and meaning transferred to another, and still continued as the fun- damental law of our State. The first legislature, after he received his appointment of Governor, as8eml)led at Iowa City on the first Monday of Decem- ber, 1845. His message to the legislature after its organization is a model of style and clearness. He set forth the importance of an early extinguishment of the Indian title to all the lands within the limits of Iowa, and urges the legislature to memorialize Con- gress to purchase a tract of land on the upper Mississippi for a future home for the Winnebagoes, and thus induce them to part with their title to a large tract of country known as the "neutral ground," a recommendation which the general government soon after acted upon and carried out. As soon as the "Blackhawk Purchase" had been surveyed, and it was discovered that it contained within its bounds large tracts which were supposed to contain valuable mineral, these tracts were reserved from market, and the government set itself up as a great landlord to lease out these lands at a stipulated rent. Mr Clarke soon saw the evil and injustice of such a system upon the inhabitants of Iowa, and he set himself at work to break it up; and it was through his influence and exertions that the land was afterwards thrown into market. There was not a barrier in the future greatness of Iowa that did not call forth his attention, and he had the grand satis- faction of seeing everything that he re- commended for the benefit and prosperity of Iowa afterwards carried out, and carried out, too, precisely, as he had suggested and wished. He seemed to be aware that ha would soon be called upon to' pass over the government, over which he presided with so much skill and ability, into the hands of the real sovereigns of the soil, and he was determined that nothing should be left undone by him to retard her future greatness. On the 16th day of January, 1846, the legislature passed, once more, an act for the purpose of electing delegates to frame a constitution for the State of Iowa. This time the friends of a State govern- ment took it for granted that the people of the tei-^itory wanted a constitution, so -the legislature provided that at the April election following the passage of this act, the people of the territory should elect delegates to a convention. Accordingly, at the April election delegates were elected, and the convention, agreeable to said act, consisting of thirty-two members, instead of seventy as in the previous convention, met at Iowa City on the first Monday of May, 1846, and after a session of eighteen days produced a constitution, which con- stitution was submitted immediately fol- lowing, and was adopted by them as their constitution for the State of Iowa, Thus you see that Iowa, from a colony, a dependency, a territory, jumped, in the short space of seven months, from the time the act above mentioned first passed, to that of a sovereign independent State. After the result was known, the Gover- nor issued his proclamation for a geperal election in November following, at which election Ansel Briggs, of Jackson county was elected Governor of the State. *W ^ ^1 -#.— «> >^.^ "a HISTORY OF IOWA. 227 He was married to a sister of General Otzer Tebbitoiual Officers. Dodge, and this fact being known at the Secretaries. time of his appointment as Grovernor, drew Wm.B. Conway, 1838, died 1839. upon the Dodge family the title of the James Clark,1839-41. "Eoyal Family." But whatever might have boen said in this respect, the appoint- 0. H. W. Stull, 1841-3. Samuel J. Burr, 1843-5. Jesso Williams, 1845. ment was due to Mr. Clarke, nor could it have been bestowed upon a better man, or Auditors. one mora competent to fill it. Jesse "Williamg, 1840-43. He was the third and last Territorial "William L. Gilbert, 1843-45. Governor of Iowa, and, like the other two Robert M. Secrest, 1845. who preceded him, as soon as he had passed Treasurers. the office into the bands of his successor, Thornton Baylie, 1830-40. he gently and calmly laid down and died. Morgan Beno, 1840. He was a tall, slender man, of a mild and Judges. Charles Mason, Chief Justice, 1838. amiable disposition, and had quite a femi- nine look. He left a family behind to Joseph "WilliamR, 1838. mourn his sad loss. His history is without Thomas S. WUson, 1838. a stain or reproach, and throughout his whole life no man ever imputed ought against his character as a man and a citi- Presidents of Oouneit. Jesse B. Brown, 1838-9. Stephen Hempstead, 1839-40. zen. M. Bainridge, 1840-1. J. W. Parker, 1841-2. John D. Elbert, 1843-3. 1 have thus given you a few random Thomas Cox, 1843-4. sketches of the three Territorial Governors S. Clinton Hasting, 1845. of Iowa, together with a few of the prin- Stephen Hempstead, 1845-<. cipal events in the history of Iowa,coa- B'peakers of the Hous*. ncoted with their administration. William H. Wallace, 1888-9. Most of the incidents contained in these Edward Johnson, 1839-40. sketches I have given from memory alone, Thomas Cox, 1840-1. having been myself an eye-witness of, and personally cognizant of many of the facts. Warner Lewis, 1841-3. James M. Morgan, 1843-3. James P. Carleton, 1843-4. By these sketches yon not only see the James M. Morgan, 1845. character and noble traits' of the three George W. McLeary, 1845-6. good and wise men, but you see that under their care and protection, a young and State Officbrs. Qovemors. thrifty State sprung into existence in the « short space of eight years from the time when the whole Territory was the home of Ansel Briggs, 1846-50. Stephen Hempstead, 1850-54. James W. Grimes, 1854-58. « e) the savage. Ralph P. Lowe, 1858-60. "i ^ ■.'■■ r- -Ti B ^^ '^ 228 HISTORY OF IOWA. Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1860-64. John W. Jones, 1859-63. William M. Stone, 1864r^8. William H. Holmes, 1863-67. Samuel Morrill, 1868-72. Samuel E. Rankin. 1867-73. Cyrus C. Carpenter. 1873-76. William Christy, 1873-77. Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1876-77. George W. Bemis, 1877-81. J. G. Newbold, 1877-78. Edwin H. Conger, 1881. John H. Gear, 1878-83. Buren B. Sherman, 1883. Aftorney-Generalt David C. Cloud, 1853-56. Lieutenant- Governor*. Samuel A. Rice, 1856-60. Gran Faville, 1858-60. Charles C. Nourse, 1860-64. Nicholas J. Eusch, 1860-63. Isaac L. Allen, 1865-66. John R. Needham. 1863-64. Frederick E. Bissell, 1866-67 Enoch W. Eastman, 1864r-66. Henry O'Connor, 1867-73. Benjamin E. Gue, 1866-68. Marcena E. Cutts, 1872-76. John Scott, 1868-70. Jo^hn F. McJunkin, 1877-81. M. M. Walden, 1870-73. Smith McPherson, 1881. H. C. Bulls, 1873-74. Joseph Dysart, 1874-76. Adjutant- Generals. Joshua G. Newbold, 1876-78. Daniel S. Lee, 1851-55. • Prank T. Campbell, 1878-83. George W. MoLeary, 1855-57. Orlando H. Manning, 1883. Elijah Sells, 1857. This office was created by the new coastitu- Jesse Bowen, 1857-61 tion, September 3, 1859. Nathaniel Baker, 1861-77. John H. Luby, 1877-78. Secretaries of State. W. L. Alexander, 1878. Elisha Cutter, Jr., 1846-48. T»__. '.J -^jt. rtj-j. r ja r\ /».. Joseph H. Bonney, 1848-50. George W. McCleary, 1850-58. Elijah Sells, 1856-63. James Wright, 1863-67. Ed. Wright, 1867-73. Josiah T. Young, 1873-79. J. A. T. Hull, 1869. Auditors of Statt. Joseph T. Fales, 1846-50. William Pattee, 1850-54. Andrew J. Stephens, 1855-59. Jonathan W. Cattell, 1859-65. John A. Elliott, 1865-71. John Russell, 1871-75. Ruen B. Shennan, 1875-81. WilliamV. Lucas, 1881. Treasurers of Stat» Morgan Reno. 1846-50. Israel Kister, 1850-53. Martin L. Morris, 1853-59. Registers of the State Land Offlet. Anison Hart, 1855-57. Theodore S. Parvin, 1857-59. Ajaos B.Miller, 1859-63. Edwin Mitchell, 1863-63. Josiah A. Harvey, 1863-67. Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1867-71. Aaron Brown, 1871-75. David Secor, 1875-79. J. K. Powers, 1879. Superintendents of Public Instrttetioti. James Harlan, 1847-48. Thos. H. Benton, Jr., 1848-54. James D. Eads, 1854-57. Joseph C. Stone, 1857. Maturin h. Fisher, 1857-58. Oran Faville, 1864-67. D. Franklin Wells, 1867-68. A. S. Kissell, 1868-73. AlonzoAbernethy, 1873-76. %P a rr^ k I A L .J SI ^ & e ^ HISTORY OF IOWA. 229 ^ Carl W. Van Coelen, 1876-83. James Grant, 1852-54. John W. Akera, 1882. Reuben Noble, 1854-58. This office was created in 1847 and abolished Samuel McFarland, 1856-57. in 1858, and the duties then developed upon the Stephen B. Sheledy, 1857-59. secretary of the Board of Education; it was re- John Edwards, 1859-61. created March 23, 1864. Rush Clark, 1861-63. Jacob Butler, 1863-65, State Printers. Ed. Wright, 1865-67. Garrett D. Palmer and George Paul, 1849-51 John Russell, 1867-69. • ■William H. Merritt, 1851-53. Aylett R. Cotton, 1869-71. ■ WilUam A. Hornish, 1853. James "Wilson, 1871-73. Den. A. Mahoneyand Jos. B. Dorr, 1853-55. John H. Gear, 1873-77. Peter Moriarty, 1855-57. JohuT. Stone, 1877-79. John Teesdale, 1857-61. Lore Alford, 1880-81. Francis W. Palmer, 1861-69. Q. R. Struble, 1883. " Frank M. Mills, 1869-71. G. W. Edwards, 1871-73. Chief Justices of the Supreme Court. Rich. P. Clarkspn, 1873-79. Charles Mason, 1847. Frank M. Mills, 1879. Joseph "Williams, 1847-48. S. Clinton Hastings, 1848-49. State Binder*. Joseph "Williams, 1849-55. "William M. Coles, 1855-58. George G. "Wright, 1855-60. Frank M. Mills, 1858-67. Ralph P. Lowe, 1860-62. James S. Carter, 1867-71. Caleb Baldwin, 1863-64. J. J. Smart, 1871-75. George G. "Wright, 1864-66. H. A. Perkins, 1875-79. Ralph T. Lowe, 1866-68. Matt. Parrott. 1879. John F. Dillon, 1868-70. Chester C. Cole, 1870-71. Seeretarie* of Board of Education. James G. Day, 1871-72. T. H. Benton, jr., 1859-63. Joseph M. Beck, 1873-74. "W. E. MUler. 1874-76. Oran Faville, 1863-64. Chester C. Cole, 1876. This office waa abolished March 23, 1864. "William H. Seevers, 1876-77. Presidents of the Senate. James G. Day. 1877-78. Thomas Baker, 1846-47. James H. Rothrock, 1878-79. Thomas Hughes, 1847-43. John J. Selman, 1848-49. Joseph M. Beck, 1879-80. Austin Adams, 1880-82. Enos Lowe, 1849-51. "William H. Seevers, 1882. "W. E. Lefflngwell. 1851-53. Associate Justiees. Maturin L. Fisher, 1853-55. Joseph "Williams, held over from territorial "W. W. Hamilton, 1855-57. government until a successor was appointed. ' Under the new constitution the Lieut. -Gover- Thomas S. Wilson, 1847. nor is President of the Senate. John F. Kinney, 1847-54. George Greene, 1847-55. Speakers of tTie Housa Jonathan C. Hall, 1854-55. Jesse B. Brown, 1846-48. WUliam G. Woodward, 1855. 4 Smiley H. Bonham, 184S-50. Norman W. Isbell, 1855-57. 1^ i ® George Temple, 1850-52, Lacon D. Stockton, 1856-60. 9 to"'' r-- > i> ^^ 230 HISTORY OF IOWA. Caleb Baldwin, 1860-64. Ralph P. Lowe, 1860. George G. Wright, 1860. John F. Dillion, 1864-70. Chester O. Cole, 1864-77. Joseph M. Beck, 1869. W. E. Miller, 1870. James Q. Day, 1870. United States Senator*. Augustus 0. Dodge, 1848-55. George W. Jones, 1848-59. James B. Howell, 1870. George Q. "Wright, 1871-77. James Harian, 1855-65. James W. Grimes, 1859-69. Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1866. ._.j James Harlan, 1867-78. William B. Allison, 1878-79. Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1877-81. William B. Allison, 1879. James W. McDill, 1881. Meubeks of HotrsB of REFiUESEHTATrncs. 1846^7— S. Clinton Hastings, Shepherd Leffler. 1847-49— Wm. Thompson, Shepherd Leffler. 1849-51— Wm. Thompson, Dan. F. MjUer, Shepherd Leffler. 1851-63— B. Henn, Lincoln Clark. 1853-55— Bernhart Henn, John P. Cook. 1855-57— Aug. Hall, Jas. Thorington. 1857-59— Samuel R. Curtis, Timothy Davis. 1859-61— Samuel R. Curtis, Wm. Vandever. 1861-63— Samuel R. Curtis, J. P. Wilson, Wm. Vandever. 1863-65-^ames F. Wilson, Hiram Price, Wm. B. Allison, J. B. Grinnell, John A. Kasson, Asahel W. Hubbard. 1865-67— James F Wilson, Hiram Price, Wil- liam 6. Allison, Josiah B. Grinnell, John A, Easson, Asahel W. Hubbard. ,1867-69— James P. Wilson, Hiram Price, Wil- liam B. Allison, William Loughbridge, Gienville M. Dodge, Asahel W. Hubbard. 1869-71— George W. McCrary, William Smyth (died September 80, 1870, and succeeded by Wm. p. Wolf), William B. Allison, William Loughbridge, Frank W. Palmer, Charles Pome- roy. 1871-73— Geo. W. McCrary, Aylett R. Cotton, W. G. Donnan, Madison M. Walden, Frank W. Palmer, Jackson Orr. 1873-75— Geo. W. McCrary, Aylett R. Cotton, W. G. Donnan, Henry O. Pratt, James Wilson, William Loughbridge, John A. Kasson. James W. McDill, Jackson Orr. 1875-77— Geo. W. McCrary, John Q. Tufts, L. L. Ainsworth, Henry O. Pratt, James Wilson, Fzekiel S. Sampson, John A. Kasson, James W. McDill, Addison Oliver. 1877-79~J. C. Stone, Hiram Price, T. W. Bur- dick, N. C. Deering, Rush Clark, E. S. Samp- son, H. J. B. Cummings, W. F. Sapp, Addison Oliver. 1879-81— Moses A. McCoid, Hiram Price, Thomas Updegraff, N. C. Deering, Rush Clark (died in May, 1878, and succeeded by Wm. 6. Thompson), J. B. Weaver, E. H. Gillette, W. F. Sapp, Cyi'us C. Carpenter. 1881-83— M. A. McCoid, S. 8. Farwell, Thos. Updegraff, N, C. Deering, W. G. Thompson, M. E. Cutts, John A. Kasson, W. P. Hepburn, C. C. Carpenter. Pbbsbbt Statb Officebs. Oovemor, Buren R. Sherman. Secretary, John A. T. Hull. Deputy Seeretary, Wm. T. Hammond. Auditor, Wm. V. Lucas. Deputy Auditor, Ruf us L. Chase. Book-keeper, L. E. Ayres. Treasurer, Edwin H. Conger. Deputy Treasurer, C. R. Chase. Register Land-o-ffiee, Jas. K. Fowen. Deputy Register, John M. Davis. Bup't Pub. Inst , John W. Akers. Printer, Frank M. Mills. Binder, Matt. Parrott. Adjutant- General, W. L. Alexander. SuperiTUendent Weights and Measurei, Prof. N. R. Leonard. Librarian, Mrs. 8. B. Maiwell. Assistant Librarian, Jessie Maxwell. Stjfbbub Coubt. Chief Justice — Wm. H. Seevers, Oskaloosa. Judges— Jumee G. Day, Sidney. James H. Rothrock, Tipton. Joseph M. Beck, Fort Madison. Austin Adams, Dubuque. Atey ffe».— Smith McPherson, Red Oak. Clerk— ^ J. Homes, Des Moines. Beporter— John S. Qnnnells, Des Moines. •^ V .? 260 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. was also used for dancing by the young folks, and dancing school was held there. The house is now owned and occupied by Jacob Stevens. In 1855 and 1856, hunting parties of Pottawattamie Indians passed through the county, and seeing their old burying grounds desecrated, as they deemed it, by the settlers' farming operations among them, they did some muttering, but never committed any act 'of violence. In the winter of 1857 word got out among the settlers that the Indians were hostile, and there was quite a little scare at Iranistan. Philander Cranny and two or three others got on their house-tops, to watch for the Indians, and give timely warning>of their approach. The scare was finally passed off as a joke. In May, 1860, there was a short time when nearly all the men were gone, being taken with the Pike's Peak craze, and leaving their families athome. It is said there was not a storekeeper left in Lewis. During that time, Mr. J. B. Hardenbergh was going to Council Bluffs one day wilh a team, and a number of the women of the neighborhood took advantage of the op- portunity thus afforded to have some trading done thera. He had fifty dollars' worth of goods to buy that trip, and among the rest there were nine orders for a dollar's worth of sugar, from nine differ- ent persons. In the winter of 1862 Mr. Hardenbergh crossed the Nishnabotna on the ice, going; to James Byrd's house. On going back to the river to re-cross in the same manner, the ice was gone. It had broken up a few minutes after he crossed, and his escape was a narrow one. POLITICAL SPEECHES. Ira B. Clark was the first political speak- er who came to the county. He was run- ning for Congress on the Whig ticket, and spoke to the people of Indiantown iri 1854. Judge McCarty, of Winterset, father of Leander, was a very illiterate man, but in 1856 he received the nomination on the Democratic ticket for State Sena- tor, He came to Indiantown in that year for the purpose of making a political speech, and expounding to the villagers the doctrines of government as laid down by his side. In the course of his remarks, in speaking of Kansas, be said they were "all treasoners out thar." His speech provoked an Englishman in the crowd, who answered McCarty's remarks. In 1856 Samuel R. Curtis was running for Congress, and came to Indiantown to present his side of the case to the inhabi- tants of the settlement. For the impres- sion it would make on. the minds of the people, he brought with him a Kansas refugee, the Rev. Mr. Moore. In the course of his speech, in telling the story of the attack on Lawrence, he spoke about Capt. Pate riding into the town at the head of his men. He said Pate pointed his guns at the Free-State Hotel, "fired away, and missed it clah!" He is said to have been much more illiterate than those whom he was attempting to enlighten. District Judge Samuel H. Riddle was a jolly character. While holding court at Lewis in 1858, it is related of him that he passed a good deal of his time evenings playing poker with the boys. The next day, if information was filed against any of his associate poker-players, he would r .JS^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 261 assess a fine against them. One of those with whom he played and afterwards fined, was Ross Temple. He paid his fine, and remarked to some of the boys, who were near: 'It's all rigl)t, boys; I'll win it all back from the Judge to-night." CHAPTER V. PIONEER LIFE. In this chapter it is the design to pre- sent some of the interesting and peculiar phases of frontier life. It is not the pur- pose to here portray conditions and cir- cumstances that apply to every case, but to pick out from the mass of material some of the most extreme cases, and be- longing properly to the extreme frontier. While as a means of variety here and there are stated occurrences and conditions which have existed up to within a very recent day. It is impossible to single out Cass county as an isolated case in the de- scription of pioneer life, for it finds its parallel in almost every county in the State and throughout the entire west. And it is, on the other hand, just as impossible to limit the portrayed so as to just pre- cisely fit and cover given cases and terri- tory. Pioneer life must be taken as a whole, and as it existed a third of a cen- tury ago in the west. Some of the illus- trations may not apply to the exact man- ner in which this or that particular settler got along, nor is it the intention that it ffhould, but it is attempted to show what has been done in the early development of the Great West. But a little more than a third of a cen- tury ago Cass county was not in existence, the territory comprising it was as wild and desolate as the Indians who inhabited it; and there was not a white settler within its boundaries. When the Mormons, and others of the determined pioneers of Cass county settled here, they found an unbro- ken, uncultivated and uninhabited prairie. Wild beasts, and but little less wild sav- ages roamed at will over the prairie, through the groves and forests and along the waters of the Botna river, their do- main knowing no bounds. The miniature forests skirting the prairies were to be felled, cabins erected, homes prepared, mills built, and the river and creeks made to labor for the benefit of mankind. The beautiful prairies were to be robbed of their natural ornaments, and the hand of art was to assist in their decoration. Who was to undertake this work ? What will be the effect of their labors jjpoa future generations ? itv 262 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Cass county pioneers had many difficul- ties to contend with, not the least of which was the journey from civilization to their prairie homes. The route lay for the most part through a rough country ; swamps and marshes were crossed with great exertion and fatigue; rivers were forded with difficulty and danger; nights were passed on open prairies, with the sod for a couch and the heavens for a shelter; long, weary days and weeks of travel were endured, but finally the " promised land" was reached. EAELY MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. The young men and women of to-day have little conception of the mode of life among the early settlers of the country. One can hardly conceive how great a change has taken place in so short a time. In a new country, far removed from the conveniences of civilization, where all are compelled to build their own house, make their own clothing and procure for them- selves the means of subsistence, it is to be expected that their dwellings and gar- ments will be rude. These were matters controlled by surrounding circumstances .and the means at their disposal. Some few of the earliest settlers con- structed what were called "three-faced camps," or in other words, three walls, leaving one side, open ; but this was in reality only resorted to by some of the transient squatters who only remained long enough to find a purchaser for their claim to the land, and then move on far- ther west to repeat the process. These "tiiree-faced camps are described as fol- lows: The walls are built seven feet high, when poles are laid across at a distance of about three feet, and on these a roof of clapboards was laid, which were kept in place by weight poles placed on them. The clapboards were about four feet in length, and from five to eight inches in width, split out of white oak limber. No floor was laid in tjie "camp." The struc- ture required neither door, window or chimney. The one side left out of the cabin, answered all these purposes. In front of the open side was built a large log heap, which served for warmth in cold weather and for cooking purposes in all seasons. Of course there was an abund- ance of light, and on either side of the fire, space to enter in. They were probably more easily con. structed than the ordinary cabin, but in this region very few are remembered, as having been built. A more common place of abode was what might be called a "four faced camp." This was construct- ed in a good deal the same manner except that it had four sides. The cabin was a material advance for comfort, in home life. This was built of logs, the spaces between the logs being filled in with split sticks of wood called "chinks," and daubed over both inside and out, with mortar made of clay. The floor, sometimes, was nothing more than earth trajnped hard and smooth, but it was commonly made of "puncheons," or split logs with the split side turned up- ward. The roof was made by gradually drawing the top to the ridge pole, on cross pieces, laying the "clapboards," which be- ing several feet in length, instead of be- ing nailed were held in place or kept from rolling off by "knees" placed against the one below, which served as a prop. For a fire-place, a space was cut out of the ^' -sIV ,ji4iz HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 265 logs on one sideof the room, usually about six feet in length, and three sides were built up of logs making an offset in the wall. This was lined with stone, if con- venient; if not, then earth. The flue, or upper part of the chimney, was built of small split sticks, two and a half or three feet in length, carried a little space above the roof, and plastered over with clay; when finished it was called a "cat and clay" chimney. To describe it more min- utely, the sticks are laid just as bricks are, with mortar; the clay is mixed with cut straw or grass to prevent it from crumb- ling, and then the outside and inside were plastered with the clay and rubbed t-mooth with the hands. The door was made by cutting a space in one side of the room of the required size, the door itself being made of clapboards secured by wooden plus to two crosspieces. The hinges were also sometimes of wood, while the fasten- ings consisted of a wooden latch catching on a hook of the sapie material. To open the door from the outside, a strip of buck- skin or leather was tied to the 'atch and drawn through a-hole a few inches above the latch-bar, so that on pulling the string the latch was lifted from the catch or hook, and the door was opened withoul further trouble. To lock the door, it was only necessary to pull the string through the hole to the inside. Here the family lived, and here the guest and wayfarer were made welcome. The living room was of good size, but to a large extent it was all — kitchen, bed-room, parlor and arsenal, with flitches of bacon and some- times *ings of dried pumpkin suspended from the rafters. Sometimes in the more extreme cases a pioneer's cabin was erected of poles that one man could lay together without "notching," after reaching about the height of a man, it would be covered wilh the bark taken from some Indian's aban- doned "Wickeup," the cracks filled with- prairie grass, and skin hung upon the in- side and outside to keep the wind from blowing out the grass. The skins thus used were wolf, bear, deer, elk, and fre- quently buffalo. The fire was built on the ground and a hole left in the roof for smoke to escape. No floor was had until the season came to "peel Linn bark." A door would be made, almost always" in these extreme cases, of an elk skin. In cases of this kind the beds were made of prairie hay, spread on the ground floor. Sometimes, a forked stake would be driven into the ground at an equal distance from two walls which were at right angles, and poles laid through the fork to the walls. On this would be laid "ishakes" and brush until quite a fair bedstead would be the result. For bed clothes, when quilts were wanting, skins and robes would make up ilie deficiency, and in cases like those just mentioned, skins were almost wholly used. In a great many instances all of the house- hold furniture was hgme-made, blocks being used for chairs, and rude benches which were made from "shakes" with the "easy side up," holes bored in the bottom and rude legs inserted. A place for cooking utensils was made by boring holes in the wall, placing a smooth shake upon pegs which had been driven in, and a shelf was complete. In these extreme cases the pioneers usually, had a few knives and forks and plates, but there were many who had neither. One of the 7iIV 272 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ^L by letting it fall from tlie height of ten or twelve feet, subjected to the action of the wind, when it was supposed to be ready for the mill or market. THE CLAIM SYSTEM. During the first few years of the early settlement of this country, the United States government encouraged the claim system. This induced many speculators to turn their eyes toward the Western States. It furnished lucrative business for many who had been hovering between civilization and barbarism. Tiieir plan was to keep just beyond the line of set- tlement and pick out the best claims, holding them until some actual settler or speculator would come, then they would sell out again and move westward to re- peat the same. The law provided that the land should be sold to the highest bid- der, but not for less than f 1.25 per acre, and it was seldom sold for more than this. It was generally understood, and, in fact, enforcfd, that those who had selected a certain piece of land should have it. One township of land was sold each day. The sales took place in Des Moines. When the day set for the sale of a town- ship came, all those who had established claims in the township in question were present. As soon as the bid reached $1.25 per acre, the hammer came down instantly. If a rash speculator did now and then get in a bid for a little more, some- times no attention was paid to him by the auctioneer, and the land would be knocked down to the claimant, but the person who did bid against the actual settler would be "laid hold of," and would re- ceive a severe ducking in the river. In some cases like this the obnoxious bidders have been almost killed by the "settlers' rights men." CHAPTER VI REMINISCENSES, INCIDENTS AND PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS. The following account of personal mat- ters is given to show the mode of life, the disadvantages under which the new settlers labored, and the incidents and stories of early life in the county of Cass, during the embryoic stage of its growth. Whatever of romance adhered to the lives of the hardy colonists, was abun- dantly compensated for by hard work. CjMtrast the journey of that devoted party through the roadless and bridgeless tract between civilization and their future home, with a company on a like journey to day. Instead of weeks of labor and •tl'S- jy-s- bL HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 273 toil, privation and suffering, with cold and hunger, a seat is taken in a palace car, in Cliicago, an unexceptional supper is par- taken of without leaving the train, the passenger retires upon a downy couch, and in the morning wakes to find himself at his point of destination in central or western Iowa, having only lost half a day on his journey. Those who enjoy these blessings, would be less than human if they were not filled with gratitude to these early settlers, who paved the way, and actually made the present state of things possible. At that time the con- fines of civilization was on the Missis- sippi river. Davenport had but a few hundreds over a thousand, and Burling- ton just beginning to be a tolerable vil- lage, and Des Moines was a mere vidette, an outpost of civilization. There was little in the now great State of Iowa, ex- cept the intrinsic merit of the location, to attract people from their more or less comfortable homes in the east, or on the other side of the water. The hope as to the future, which "springs eternal in the human breast," lured them on, and al- though those that came were usually re- garded by the friends they left, as sol- diers of fortune, who, if they ever re- turned at all, would indeed be fortunate. They were a sturdy race, who realized the struggles in the older States or countries, and resolved to plant themselves where merit would not be suppressed by tradi- tions. The men who came were, as a rule, en- terprising, openhearted and sympathizing; they were good neighbors, and so, good neighborhoods were created, and they il- lustrated the idea of the true brother- hood of man more by example than by quoting creeds, with a bravery that never blanched before the most appalling dan- ger; they were, nevertheless, tender, kind and considerate, in the presence of mis- fortune, and their deficiency in outward manifestations of pity was more than compensated by their love and regard for humanity. And if this meed of praise is justly due to the men, and it certainly is, what shall -be said of the heroic women who braved the vicissitudes of frontier life, endured the absence of home, friends and old associations, the severing of whose tender ties must have wrung all hearts. The devotion which would lead to such a breaking away, to follow a father, a hus- band or son into the trackless waste be- yond the Mississippi, where gloomy ap- prehensions must have arisen in the mind, causing hope to waver and the heart to sink with dread, is above all praise. The value of the part taken by the noble women who first came to this uninhabited region cannot be over-estimated. Al- though by nature liberal, they practiced economy, and often at critical times pre- served order, reclaiming the men from despair during gloomy periods; and their example of industry constantly admon- ished them to renewed and strenuous ef- forts to save the west from a relapse into barbarism. This tendency was supposed to result from the disruption of social and religious ties, the mingling of heteroge- neous elements, and the removal of the external restraints, so common, and sup- posed to be so patent in older communi- ties. Dr. Bushnell did not have a suffi- ciently extended view of the subject, for, in looking over the history of the past, it -7,F -^ — A) 274 HISTORK- OF CASS COUNTY. 4* is found that in a nomadic condition there is never any real progress in refinement. Institutions for the elevation of the race must be planted deep in the soil before they can raise their heads in beauty and majesty towards heaven, and bear fruit for the enlightenment of nations. The evils of which Dr. Bushnell was so afraid are merely temporary in their character, and will have no lasting impression. What actually happens is this: At first there is an obvious increase in human freedom, but the element of self-government every- where largely predominates,and the fusion of the races, which is inevitable, will in due time create a composite nationality, or a race as unlike as it must be superior to those that have nreceded it. Even now, before the first generation has passed away, society in the west has outgrown the irri- tation of transplanting, and there are no more vicious elements in society here than in the east, as the criminal statutes will abundantly show. In this connection are given the person- al experiences of the pioneers of Cass county. These articles are written or re- lated by the pioneers, and when written, the compiler has in no case attempted to change or vary the style of the writer, it being the design to show the peculiarity of the writer, as well as to record the facts narrated. These reminiscences are inter- esting and well worthy of perusal. EECOLLECTIONS OF A PIONEBK. (B. D. McGeehon.) In Cass county, as most every where else, the first settlers always located in the edges of the groves, or near by them. This they did to get shelter for their stock and to be convenient to the timber when fuel was needed. The opening of the road from Des Moines to Council Bluffs, by the way of Dalmanutha and Morrison's Grove, and the placing of a line of four horse coaches, making daily trips upon it, brought a large emigration through that part of the county, and made, for the set- tlers, a market for their surplus produce. The stage stock needed hay and corn; the passengers had to be fed, and these made a demand for what they had to sell. In the spring of the year, long trains of wagons passing by daily, bound for the land of ■g6ld — California and Oregon — which, also, made a demand for all the corn, oats, hay, potatoes, etc., that we haJ to spare. Corn brought from fifty cents to a dollar a bushel; hay, ten to fifteen dollars a ton; potatoes, fifty cents to a dollar per bushel; butter, twenty to thirty cents a pound, and other things in propor- tion. These prices will, no doubt look high, but it must be taken into considera- tion that these early settlers had had to pay from two to two dollars and a half a bushel for corn, and twenty dollars a ton for hay when they arrived here them- selves, in the spring of 1S51 and 1852, or even in 1853, the corn then being hauled . here, with ox teams from points in Mis- souri, a hundred and twenty-five miles distant. In December, 1862, Morris Hoblitt went to Gleijwood, Mills county, Iowa, a distance of sixty, miles, with three yoke of oxen and a wagon for provisions for me. He camped on the way, and on leav- ing his last camp before reaching Glen- "Ml, HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 275 wood, which was still seven miles distant, on the morning of the 17th, it was rain- ing. Suddenly the wind shifted into the northeast, and it became bitter cold, while the wind blew a perfect gale. In a few minutes Hoblitt's clothes became frozen stlflf, and the ground a perfect sheet of ice. It was only with the greatest difficulty that he succeeded in reaching the village for which he was bound, and that in a nearly perishing condition. The storm lasted for three days without intermis- sion, and was one of the severest ever ex- perienced in the northwest. It is yet known by old settlers, all over this part of the State, as the "Sudden change" or "Severe storm of December 17, 185*2. On the 18th of November,. 1852, I crossed the Nishnabotna river, at a ford just above the mouth of Turkey creek, with three yoke of oxen and a loaded wagon, on the ice, and the snow was about ten inches deep. By the morning of the 20th, snow had fallen enough to make it two and a half feet deep, in the timber, where it had not drifted. The night of .January 1, 1853, a son of Adam Vinnage, about twelve years old, died, and was buried on a high spot of ground in the prairie near the house, and the ground was frozen to the bottom of the grave, which was five ■feet deep. The forepart of that winter was very severe, but from the last week in January until spring, it was pleasant winter weather. The winter of 1856-7 was the severest one known to the oldest settlers. The month of November was bright and beautiful up to the last day, but, on the 1st of December, the wind shifted into the northwest and it com- menced snowing, and it snowed and blew for three days, growing colder and colder every day. Whei the wind had died down, and the snow had ceased to fall, the thermometer showed a temperature of about thirty degrees below zero, and the snow lay about two feet deep where not drifted, but in places it stood in great heaps ten to fifteen feet deep. During the fall of 1856, D. A. Barnetl and I bought a steam saw mill in St. Louis, and had it shipped by steamboat to Council Bluffs. When the boat reached St. Joseph, Missouri, it unloaded the mill there. About the 22d of November, seven teams started to bring it liere. Of these, six were horse teams and one oxen. The latter to haul the boiler. They were gone from three to five weeks, and all of them did not bring home what would have been one good two horse load, on good roads. Peter Kanawyer drove tlie ox team, and hauled the boiler as far as Lewis, In crossing the prairie, south- west of that town, he lost his course, there being no road, and had to abandon his team and strike out to hunt a place of shelter. Luckily he found a house about nine o'clock p. m., by seeing the light of a caudle in the window. He quickly ap- proached, and entering in, was suppliijd with supper, the first bite he had had to eat since four o'clock in the morning. lie was nearly perished with cold, hunger and exhaustion, when he reached here, but a good meal and a night's rest restored him, and in the morning he went back to hunt up his property. He found the oxen in a hollow, walking around in a circle, one yoke following the other. He hitched them to the wagon and reached Lewis that day. 276 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. In May, 1855, the Western Stage Com- pany put a line of four horse coatibes tlirough from Des Moines to Council Bluifs on this road. G. S. Morrison kept tbe first station west of Dalmanulha, a distance of eighteen miles, without a house; the next station was J. R. Kirk's, twelve miles from Morrison's. Iranistan was the next. The early settlers of Cass county looked upon the advent of four horse coaches, at that time passing by their door, with more pride than would be shown now by the laying out of two or ' three new railroads through the county. The first settlers hauled theirprovisions principally from Rockport, Missouri, dis- tant one hundred and twenty-five miles; seventy-five miles of that distance was without a house. It took about three weeks with an ox team to make the trip. The first two years that I lived in Cass county, all the meat my family had was what my trusty rifle would kill. I spent but little time in hunting, yet was seldom without meat, it being no trouble to kill a deer or two almost any time I wanted to. Once, I counted forty-five deer in sight, while standing on the hill, near where Judge Dickerson's house now stands in Atkntic. The coaches from Des Moines to Coun- cil Bluffs were on runners for tliirteen weeks during that winter. Many of the lanes were filled with snow, and sleds run over the tops of the fences, as they were buried out of sight. The tiiermometer was down to forty degrees below zero, two or three times during the winter, and the snow was three feet deep on the level, where not drifted. At one time there was a heavy crust on it, and a common cur dog conid catch any deer that he happened to spy, in the brush or timber, as the crust on the snow would carry the dog, but when the deer jumped, it went through and cut its legs and was soon overtaken. July 4th, 1858, Cass county was visited with the highest water ever known. Nearly all the streams overflowed the en- tire bottom from bluff to bluff. Thomas and Nelson Prall were living in a small frame house on what was called Jim branch, on section 19 or 20, in Franklin township. . About ten o'clock at night, the water took the house off its foundation and carj-ied it down stream some distance, when it struck some object, and was mash- ed to pieces. Nelson Prall and his wife and two of liis children and a child of Thomas Prall's were overwhelmed in the raging waters and drowned. Thomas Prall swam with his wife holding to him, until he came to two trees growing to- gether. He caught hold of the branches and he and his wife climbed into the fork formed by the trees and remained there until daylight, when they made their way to George Mag'ee's, about three quarters of a mile distant. All this time neither had anything on except their night clothes. All the neighbors turned out in search of the bodies of those drowned and by the evening of the 5th, all of them were found and buried. Turkey Grove presented a sorry sight, there being clothing, beds, bedding, and household and kitchen fur- niture, strung along the Jim branch, for more than a mile through the timber. At Albert Wakefield's mill on Turkey creek, just below the mouth of the branch, the -ah 'h HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 277 water rose twenty-three feet in three hours. I do not believe there was a bridge left in the county. Charles Baldwin, the county clerk, was drowned the morning of the 5th, in trying to swim, across Seven Mile creek, near Gaylord's Grove, in Union townsliip, a stream that a man could step across in dry weatlicr. In the spring of 1859, the "gold fever" broke out in Cass county, and took a num- ber of people to Pike's Peak, as it was ihen called, but most of them came back before arriving there, as at first, it appear- ed to be a humbug. During the summer of 185!) and spring of 1860, the people as- certained tliat there was gold therein pay- ing quantities, and a large part of the able bodied inhabitants went to Denver and its vicinity. Some stayed andtnade money, but the larger portion came back with but very little. From 1858 until 1864, times were very hard and money was very scarce; Many persons that owned land enough to make two or three good farms, could not raise money enough to pay their taxes. In the spring and summer of 1862, you could buy a good cow for from eight to ten dollars. During that year I hauled two loads of wheat to Council Bluffs, and sold it for thirty seven and half cents per bushel, taking a two hundred pound sack of salt at 19 00, and the balance in groceries. There was no money in the county and people had to live on what their farms produced. The settlers parched wheat for coffee, and when they wanted a change parched peas, if they had them. Dressed hoga sold in Des Moines and Council Bluffs at prices varying from one and a quarter to two cents per pound. These places were our only markets. In the fall of I8C2, Oliver Mills, atLewis, and I, at Grove City, bought hogs for Stewart & Haas, of Council Bluffs, paying from 'one and a half to one and three quarter cents per pound, gross. The fall of 1803, the same parties paid three cents, and in 1864, five and six cents. Those who had hogs to sell, at that time thought them- selves in luck, but those who bought store goods had to pay for them. The follow- ■ ing prices will give some idea: Coffee, 55 cents per pound; tea, $2 to 12.50; * prints, 40 to 48 cents per yard, and others in like proportion. The spring of 1868, brought the build- ers of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pa- cific Railroad through the county, and made money plenty and opened a sale for "ur surplus potatoes, etc. George Conrad and I, each had a store at Grove City, but the building of the railroad brought other stores as well as saloons. Among the former were, J. W. Winslow, now of the Atlantic National Bank, dry goods, and groceries; P. Kearney, groceries; Mont- gomery & Wynkoop, drugs; P. Kirby, boots and shoes, as well as SQn.e others. Grove City, at that time had great expect- ations of getting a depot, but by Septem- ber all these were gone, and the depot established on the prairie, where Atlantic now stands, and in about one year. Grove City was principally moved to Atlantic. FRUIT GROWING AND NURSERY BUSINESS. The Spring of 1871, Silas and S. W. Wilson located at Grove City, and en- gaged in the Nursery business. Previous to this time there had been a number of orchards planted in the county, but for *^1 rif* Al Jg — *>- 278 IlfSTORY. OF CASS COUNTY. want of care and proper knowledge what varieties to plant, they were as a rule a failure. People generally supposed that varieties adapted to the same latitude in .Ohio, Pennsylvania, or New York, would do well here, but in a few years found* this to be a itiistake. After the Wilson's got started they urged the farmers to plant apple trees of varieties they could recoramend'as iron clad, and the result has been that that the older settled part of the county now has plenty of apples. About \8l5 the Wilson's dissolved part- nership. Silas Wilson then went into growing grape vines and seedlings and raised over half a million apple, pear and mulberry seedlings and has not got enough to supply the demand. He has built up the largest wholesale trade in this line of business west of New York, if not in the United States. S. W. Wil- son & Co. also raised large quantities of grape vines and seedling apple and cat- alpa trees as well as general nursery stock. In 1818, R. D. McGeehon, of Atlantic, commenced raising small fruits and plants for sale, on about one and a half acres of ground. Nearly every one that saw what lie was doing prophesied it would be a failure, as no one here had yet raised enough strawberries for family use, nev- ertheless he kppt digging along for four years, when his trade outran his capital. He then gave up his business to his son- in-law, Ira M. Needles, who now has about twenty-five acres in strawberries, black- berries, raspberries, apple seedlings, grape cuttings and blackberry plants. Last spring his sales of plants was, of straw- berries 250,000 ; blackberries, 20,000 ; raspberries, 18,000; Russian mulberries, 30,000; besides grape vines, gooseberry bushes, currant bushes, etc. His nursery and fruit farm is one mile east of the Court House, and is knowh as the Spring Brook small fruit farm and nursery. From present appearance Atlantic is going to be one of the main points in the West in in the nursery business. The United States Express Company's agent says that the Spring Brook nursery shipped more strawberry plants last spring, than any other office in the State. August 28, 1882, a few of those interested in fruit 'grow- ing, met at the 'J'emperance Hall, in At- lantic, and organized the Cass County Horticultural Society. John Gingery was elected president and R.D. McGeehon, secretary. The next meeting was appointed for September 27th and at that meeting M. Northup was elected president; E. D. Smith, vice president; R. D. McGeehon, secretary; Silas Wilson, treasurer; and seventeen members joined 'the society. The society has held semi-annual meet- ings since its organization, all of which have been well attended and were very in- teresting. The object of the society is to encourage fruitgrowing and tree plant- ing; in fact, Horticulture in all its branches. STOEY OF CASPER SCHAIN. During the early days of the county, when the constant stream of travelers on their way to the Far West was passing through the county "overland." long be- fore the building of the Rock Island road, people living along th.e trail were often called upon to shelter those passing through. Among those who entertained "Tic ;f^ jvt«- ^k^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 279 strangers in this way was Casper Scliain. In order to keep a tavern or inn for public accommodation at that time, it was neces- sary to have a license, and without tliis no charge could be made. So Casper kept a great many wayfarers over night at dif- ferent times, and provided a gjeat num- ber with meats, never receiving any com- pensation except what his guests choose to leave on the table when departing. Among those who thus shared of his hos- pitality was a young man who said he was going west to seek his fortune, hav- ing come from the old country for that purpose. He was sick, and was taken care of and nursed for over a week, until he announced himself as ready to resume his journey. No charge whate\rer was made, and no pay taken for the expense or trouble he had been to the host an-d family. Mr. Schain was going to Coun- cil Bluffs about the time of the young man's recovery, and announced to him that he would take him as far as that town in his wagon. This proposition was readily accepted, and the journey to Council Bluffs began, Mr. Schain driving, while his passenger reclined on some sacks of grain, the marketing of which was the object of the trip. As they pro-, ceeded on their way the young man acted in rather a queer manner, seemingly try- ing to provoke a quarrel. Just before the hill was reached which shut out the view of Council Bluffs, Mr. Schain, on looking around was surprised to see, in the hands of the stranger whom he had befriended, a cocked revolver, leveled directly at his head! Just at that instant, — and Mr. Schain has always regarded the occur- ence as Providential — the stage-coach coming eastward appeared above the crest of the hill, causing the would-be assassin to immediately lower his weapon, and conceal it in the valise frotn which he had taken it. As the stage came lumber- ing tyj the driver shouted, '-Halloa, Cas- par," and slackened the speed of his horses. If Mr. Schain had chosen to in- form the driver of the treatment he had received the young man would have re- ceived severe treatment, as the stage peo- ple were his fast friends. But as the top of the hill had been reached, the city was in plain view; and as there was now no danger to be feared, Mr. Schain simply told his assailant to pick up his traps and get. out of the wagon. Of course it was the man's scheme to mafie away with Mr. Schain, and probably dispose of the team and wagon when Council Bluffs was reached. But it was not often that the kindness of the settlers was repaid with such base ingratitude, and the favors ex- tended to travelers were generally as kind- ly received as they were extended. BBLLB MACOMBBB. One of the earliest school teachers in the Cipunty was Miss Belle Macpmber, daughter of K. W. Macomber. She taught James L. Byrd's children at his own house in 1855. Miss Macomber was married in 1860, in Lewis, to Wm. S. Reynolds,and afterwards removed to Illi- nois. She became quite famous during the war of the rebellion, and we extract the following mention of her career from " Kirkland's Anecdotes and Incidents of the Rebellion:" "Governor Yates, of Illinois, paid a rather unusual but well merited compli- ment to Mrs. Reynolds, wife of Lieuten- ' •^Id ^|a- .280 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ant Reynolds, of Company A, Seventeenth Illinois regiment, and a resident of that city. Mrs. Reynolds accompanied her husband through the greater part of the campaign through which the Seventeenth passed, sharing with him the dangers and privations of a soldier's life. She was present at the battle of Pittsburg Land- ing, and like a ministering angel attended to the wants of as many of the woucded and dying soldiers as she could, thus win- ning the gratitude and esteem of the brave fellows by whom she was sur- rounded. Governor Yates, bearing of her heroicahd praiseworthy conduct,presented her with a commission as Major in the army, the document confering the well- merited honor being made out with all due formality, and h'aving attached the great seal of the Slate. Probably no lady in America ever before had such a dis- tinguished military honor conferred upon her." THE COFFIN CASE. About the first day of January, 1873, Mary R. Coffin, wife of Eli T. Coffin, died. Her husband, being a peculiar man, had refused to call a physician —attending her himself. After her death, suspicion be- ing aroused that all was not right. Justice II. T. Sharp, was called to act as coroner, and hold an inquest. This he did, sum- moning a jury consisting of L. C. Bishop, T. P. Bruington and J. B. AUman. A post mortem examination was made by Drs O. B. Thompson, N. Richards and J. H. Barnwell on January 14, 1873. While the coroner's inquest was in pro- gress, Mr. Coflin was arrested on charge of insanity, but the insane commissioners pronounced him sane and discharged him. The coroner's jury returned a verdict im- plicating Mr. Coffin, for the reason that he had not taken proper care of his wife in the cold weather, and had not called a physician until too late for a physician to be of service. Mr. Coffin was therefore arrested on the charge of causing his' wife's death, and was held to appear be- fore Esquire Sharp, in bail of |800. The preliminary exam nation was set for Jan- uary 27, 1873. The defendant was repre- sented by Messrs. C. F. Loofbourow and L L. DeLano, while Messrs. Brown and Churchill appeared for the State. On January 27th another continuance was granted until Febfuary 3d. The prelim- inary examination was never had.^^ On Saturday night, February 1, 1873, Coffin was murdered and his body was found on Sunday afternoon, February 2d, hanging by a rope under the bridge that spans Turkey Creek, five miles south of Allan- tic. A pistol-ball was found in his head, indicating that he was dead before he was placed under the bridge. An inquest was held on the body, and much evidence taken. The verdict was to the effect that the deceased came to his death in a man- ner to the jury unknown. No one was ever tried or convicted of the murder. The case attracted m^ch attention at the time, and was a sad one in all respects. Mr. Coffin was a man possessed of consid- erable, property. FEOM AN OLD SETTLEE's DIABY. May 6, 1861.— S. M. Holladay, now a resident of Massena township, left his home in Winterset, Madison county, for a trip to the mountains, by wagon. He , a) 'k^ HISTORY OE CASS COUNTY. 281 kept a diary of the trip, and kindly al- lows the following extract, regarding Cass county to be taken therefrom : "May 8, 1861, we had a very pleasant day. The wind had layed, and it was not very hot. Our brother campers having several of the female sex along, com- plained very much about profane language that was used by our company. We camped in a small town called Whitney- ville. We met with our friend, Frank Whitney, who invited us to supper, and introduced us to his wife, and treated us to the whisky. After supper was over we chatted by the fire and happened to see our cattle starting off down the road to- ward home. We started after them, and were,, obliged to follow them about six miles before we could overtake them. " The morning of May 9, brought a pleasant day, and a pleasant niglu's rest was finished. After breakfast we had the pleasure of seeing two hundred United States troops pass in uniform and march- ing order. They were from Fort Ran- dall, Dakota Territory. About the mid- dle of the day we had a rain, which was steady for .about four hours, but not very hard. Our things were not very wet. At night we arrived at the Nishnabotna, in Cass county, and camped in the bottom north of town. There were several wag- ons camped in the bottom. We had con- siderable fun swimming the cattle across the river to grass, and had some music of violins and songs in the evening after supper. We had boiled one of our pigs, of which I partook of so freely that I was sick for some time afterward. "On the morning of May 10, the roads being soft after the rain, and the weather rather cool, we made a very good day's drive. We took what is called the right hand, or ridge road from Lewis, and left our fellow-travelers. In the afternoon I shot a praii-ie chicken and had a good old time cooking it, as it was older than Noah himself. In the evening we camped upon the west fork of the Nishnabotna, a beau- tiful valley, surrounded on all sides by timber." JOHN BEOVSTN. .Sometime during the winter of 1857, old John Brown, of Kansas fame, accompa- nied by two of his sons and one white man, stopped all night with D. A. Barnett, at the Grove City House, at Grove City (now the City Hotel, Atlantic). Brown and his party had in charge about eighteen runaway negroes, men, women and chil dren, whom they were taking on the "un- derground railroad" from Missouri to Canada. They had three mule teams, and all the- male adults of the party were armed with Sharp's rifles and Coil's navy revolvers. After breakfast they took their leave and traveled eastward. No one but Mr. Barnett knew who they were until they had gone, or knew that any negroes were of the party. It was no uncommon thing during the years just preceding the War of tiie Rebellion, for runaway ne- groes to be helped across the county, on their secret march to freedom. One in- stance in this connection will bear relat- ing. In the year 1859 a pair of runaway negro men were traced from Missouri to the vicinity of Lewis. A large reward was offered for the arrest of them. The sheriff of the county and the man who kept the ferry over the Nishnabotna, at Lewis, had beefl posted as to the runaways » r ■4* 282 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. and were'on^the lookout for them. It was thought the negroes could not cross the river at any point for many miles north or south, but would have to cross at Lewis. Passengers on the ferry-boat were watched with unusual interest for many days. One beautiful Sabbath^morning a farmer who resided on the west side of tl)e 'Botna, drove down to the ferry, having with him inj[the wagon two ladies closely veiled. The farmer was apparently on his way to church, and the two ladies closely veiled were apparently female members of the family. The farmer was ferried to the east bank and drove to Lewis — from there he drove ^on eastward to Adair county, and placed the two "veiled ladies," who were really "the two negro men, safely at another "station" in Adair. The sheriff and the keeper of the ferry never knew what became of those negro men, and never knew that__they crossed the ferry in open day. ALEXANDER THE GREAT. There was a log cabin on James Byrd's farm in which preaching was sometimes held. L. L. Alexander attended these re- ligious services generally. One Sunday in the year 1855 the Judge was there on a prominent seat in the amen corner. The preacher being somewhat dull, or else be- ing so good that the Judge would risk him to go it alone, he got to napping. About the lime he was dreaming the sweet dream of the righteous, the preacher got to drawing on the facts of ancient history for modern religious illustration, and at one point, spoke out quite loudly: "Alex- ander! Alexander, the Great, wept because he had no more worlds to conquer." At the sound of his name the Judge awoke to consciousness in great astonishment, and for a moment was amazed at being named out before the congregation for having nodded in. time of preaching. He finally compreliended the situation and gave good attention to the balance of the discourse, no doubt harboring the silent wish that the preacher had been content to have let Alexander the Great wept in peace. PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS Or A PIONEER. [Thomas Meredith.] I was born May 26, 1824, in the village of Donstone, Herefordshire, England, my mother's maiden name was Sarah Beavan, she died when I was but four years old. My father in the year 1829, moved to the Parish of Glasbury, Radnonshire on the borders of Wales — as he was the owner of some tenement houses with gardens at- tached. One of these houses was built, as I have been told by my father, when I was a little boy, by his grandfather, prob- ably three hundred year ago. It was built of stone and covered with tile, which consisted of thin stone which comes out of the quan-ies in that part of the county, and is dressed off by masons when taken out of the ground as then they are in a softer condition than when after exposed to the sun. The tile dressers, after it is squared off, picks a hole in each about half an inch in diameter and a oak pin about two inches long is driven in and made flush with the upper side, so as the other tiles vifjll lay down smooth. These are laid in layers like our shingles, and moss that grows on, or about, the roots of trees in 'the woods, in that damp, moist county, is gathered and stuffed between the joints, f l" HISTORY OF CASS C0UNT7. 283 to keep out snow and wind. This moss grows and fills up all between the joints of the tiling. Since that date they use slate for covering buildings, except man- sions, which are covered generally with sheet lead. The bouse where I was brought up, had moss growing on the walls when I was a boy, and had been in my father's ancestor's possession since it was enclosed from the commons. The Lord of the Manor may have permitted some of my ancestors to inclose a few acres out of charity, or otherwise, I know not. My father died in the sixtieth year of his age, when I was about the age of nineteen,and out of my apprenticeship, as I was bound under Edkins, of Bristol, to learn the plastering trade. When a boy, I worked at Masbough Castle in the cast house, where there were over seventy-five plasterers at work, over a year. The work was done with plaster of paris and- formed bead cornice, miters, center piece8,and all kinds of statutary, etc. "What I learned there was never of any use to me, as after the death of my father, I took up his business, he having kepi a small shop where he sold groceries, etc. This Masbough Castle cost millions of money and was building for two genera- tions, and was near the ruins ef one of the old castles that Oliver Cromwell bat- tered down in the days when King and Commons were at war. The castle be- longed to the Walter Wilkins estate. I have beard my father say that the way the elder Wilkins accumulated bis wealth was that he had ships at sea, and would run to Africa and catch, or trade trinkets, or goods, for a cargo of young Africans then run his sailing ship to Charleston, and trade Lis cargo of blacks for a cargo of cotton, which he would bring back to Liverpool and sell it, then to Africa again ; and that he brought the most of the an-, cestors of the colored people to this country and sold them into slavery, and made a fortune by so doing; and it cost the American people billions of money, and rivers of blood to do away with sla- very. As I commenced telling, I took up my father's business and thought myself capable of taking the reins into my own hands and driving. I trusted out my goods and could not collect the debts, so I sold the store house and few acres of land, my father had left rae, and made up" my mind to come to America. I remem- ber one old man, a schoolmate of ray father's saying to me, "Oh, Tom! Tom! what would your poor father say, if he could come back to life, and know you had sold the property he bad left you. Oh! Tommy, you should never have sold it." I had got married to a young widow who had one little boy, four years old, which I brought up. My wife's name was Martha Griffiths, the daughter of James Griffiths, the saddler of Bishop's Castle, Shropshire, England. I came to Madison, Wisconsin, in the summer of 1852. I bought a farm seven miles south of Mad- ison, with a little frame house and a few acres broken np, about ten acres girdled, in the burr oak openings. I received the first letter from my wife stating that Lew, her brother, would not come out with her. I was somewhat out of humor. Late in the fall of the same year, I came here. I took the stage coach that run from Madi- son to Galena, and found everything fro- zen up and the roads very rough.^ When ■^ V a w. 284 .k HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. we arrived in Galena I was informed tliat most of the lioats bad gone down the riv- er, and would not be up any more that reason, but there was one still up the riv- er, and if it was not frozen in, it would . be down shortly. Finally it came along and I went down to the river bank and got out on some rocks and waved my handkerchief and lield up my satchel. The boat stopped and took me and two other men on board, and we went up to the captain's office aud paid our fare to St. Louis. There I got in to help the cook on the boat just starting for New Orleans, so I saved my fare, as I had about spent all my money for land in Dane county, Wisconsin. I got to New Orleans and fell in company with some English miners that were about to. start for California. I thought I would like to go to the land of gold and make my pile, as the Californians call it. I got on board the steamship Union that was bound for Chagres, on the Isthmus of Panama. I engaged with the chief cook, who hap- pened to be an Englishman, who took me in as ship cook. I had already got into the ways of the Americans, and could turn my hand to almost anytiiing. I was to get $30 per month. When we got out to sea, I had to sign articles, as they are called by the searaenj I gave in my name, age and nativity, name of father, mother, etc., and agreed that I would not leave the ship in a foreign port, etc. We had about four hundred passengers bound for Cali- fornia.. When we got to Ciiagres, on the Isthmus, we anchored out in tlie ocean, as there were no docks or harbors, all was in the state of nature. Our passengers were all taken ashore in skifiEs, by the Span- iards, copper-colored fellows, all wearing palm leaf hats, and thin knit undershirts, and light pantaloons which was all of their apparel, except shoes. I want- ed to leave the boat, but I could not get ashore, as we were anchored out some way from land. The next day after, the passengers had all left and gone up the- Chagres river, as the railroad was not built over to Panama, at that tinie. I asked the captiain if he would release me. ""Wjiat do yoa want to do here cook?" "I want to go to California." "Have you not signed articles?" "I have." "Well, you ought to know that I cannot release you in a foreign port, you could apply here to the American consul and he would send you to the States and maybe bring a bill against our company for the charges." We were there in the early part of January, and it was as hot as it is here in July. On about the 3d day, the Captain and Supercargo were taken ashore in one of our life boats, as each ship carries one on each side of the vessel. In the afternoon they were brought back in the boat by six able bodied seamen, and had several shot bags nearly full of gold, that was taken as fare from passengers. The steward came to the kitchen and told us to get ready, that there were about five hundred pas- sengers booked for New York — so next morning the Spaniards commenced to bring the returning Californians to our ship in their skiffs, so within a few hours we hoisted our anchor and made for Kingston, Jamaica, where we had to take in coal and water. Here our ship drew in alongside the wharf, and many of our passengers went ashore to get: some ^^ -^w _A_^li^ »t HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 285 Jamaica rum, while we took in about two liutidred tons of coal, wliich was accom- plished by about one hundred negroes, male and female. They formed in line by falling in behind one another, carry- ing about one hundred and fifty pounds of coal upon their head, in the half of flour barrels, and as each came on deck, dumped his load as he passed the hole, and keep in line one following each other singing "do-da-do-da, I am gwine to run all night, I am going to run all day, I will bet my money on the Bob-tail nag, who will bet on the bay," until you could not hear yourself think. They were some of the liberated slaves of that island, which was a part of the British colony of the West Indies. It was still very warm weather in January, where the oranges, lemons, bananas, etc., were in abundance. Our bell rang and our fog horn blew, and our passengers eam.e quickly on board, and we were headed for New York. One of our passengers entering his state room, lifted up his satchel that was heavy when he left his berth, but it came up light, "Oh my God! My Gold is Gone!" He had had about forty pounds weight of gold dust and nuggets. He went, in an excited manner, to the Captain, who ordered a committee to search the ship, which was like looking for a needle in a hay mow. Some of the flunkeys got it and would be on a bender in New York as long as it lasted. Every day's run brought us into a colder climate, and when we got into the port of New York it seemed to me as cold as Greenland, as I had felt no cold weather that winter, since I left WLsconsiu, about the middle of November. As soon as we got into port, our pas- sengers went ashore and our head cook went into the city to get some liquor and promised to be back within an hour. I cleaned up the kitchen and waited for him, as we had over two barrels of slush to sell to the bakers of New York; this was from the rendering of roast meat, etc. I wait.ed patiently, and a customer appearing to buy our barrels of grease, and offering me $25 for it, I took it, and went into the office and received my pay for services rendered on the steamship Union. Poor Bill, the cook, did not re- turn to get his share of the pay, for slush; I suppose he got on a drunk. I packed ray satchel and took a hack for No. Washington St., looked for a daily paper to see what steamers were leaving for Liverpool, and saw that City of Bristol was loading at Pier No. . Next day I went on board of that steamer and went to the Captains office. I was asked where I was cook last — I told him "on the Union." He remarked, "Be here by ten o'clock to-morrow, I will engage you to Liverpool." I did not return until about two p. M., next day. The Captain was just coming out of bis office. I spoke to him. His reply was, "I have engaged two colored cooks, you were not on time." I turned on my heel and went to an office and paid my fare on a clipper that made the voyage from Sandy Hook to Cape Clear, within fourteen days, which was good work for a sailing vessel, but those clipper built ships are very long and nar- row, for fast sailing. When I arrived in Liverpool, it was coming towards spring of the year. Within a few 1 ours I was at Lime St. Station, and aboard the train ^1 -V ^-^ 'k 2S6 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. for Bryn Mawr, Monmouthshire, Wales, where my wife and family were. I visited -around my old home a while, and packed up and returned, with my family, to the farm I had bought near Madison, Wiscon- sin. When I got back to the place I started from, I counted up the miles of my trip, which was over 17,500 miles, or as much as two-thirds around the world. The first winter in Wisconsin was a cold one. In the spring of 18R4 or 1«55, 1 started, with two wagons, three yoke of oxen to each, and about forty head of heifers and cows, to Oregon, as I was told it was a climate much like England; not much cold weather in winter. We got out as far as Cass county, and met some teams going east, and learned that the emigrants had by that time all crpssed the river, west of Council Bluffs, and I could not go, as all had to meet at Council Bluffs and go in one train. These had a captain and officers, and were organized to fight the Indians, if needs be. I camped on the banks of Indian creek, near Iranistan, on the main emigrant traveled road to Council Bluffs. This county was new at that time; but very little land was entered in the county. I was disappointed in not going to Ore- gon that season, but I looked around for a location. I went down the east Nish- nabotna river, and found Joseph Pearson building a log house, which was the go in those days. I returned to camp that night, and next morning went with Jere- miah Bradshaw. He told me that he would show me a good claim, good timber, and smooth prairie adjoining, which was on sections 29 and 32, township 77, range 37. We found one settler that had erected a little log hut, with clap-board roof and puncheon floor, the latter split out of logs' The only inhabitants within three miles of the place were Isam Pucket and John Porter, who had log cabins. Mr. Brad- shaw and I went around the claim; he gave me some numbers and I got a town- ship plat, by which I saw that there were only eight "forties" entered in the town- ship. These were some of what they called the choice locations, good timber lands — as all struck for the groves of tim- ber. I, next day, went to Council Bluffs, on what was called in those days the two- horse jurkey, which was the only public conveyance throughout this part of the country, except their own ox or horse teams. When I got to Council Bluffs, after walk- ing up the hills, I found some English- men, who said they were "Latter Day Saints," as the Mormons were called. I found that Council Bluffs and vicinity was inhabited by Latter Day Saints from Nauvoo, Illinois. They were moving off to Salt Lake, and many were anxious to sell their claims. One owned a "forty" of entered land, about where the Court House now stands, or a little south. I believe it is now called Bayliss' first addi- tion to Council Bluffs. I think he asked me eight hundred dollars for the forty acres, which had a log cabin upon it. I inquired around, as I did not know what was best to do. One old man told me to go over the river from Council Bluffs, and I might find the surveyors that were coming to survey a little in Ne- braska. The old man told me to buy A. D. Jones' claim of half a section, as it could be got for about one thousand dol- lars. I offered eight hundred dollars for ^?1(S" r J. 1^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNT F. 287 it, but as the sun was about going down I had to go back over the river, as the old flat boat or scow stopped crossing about sundown. Tliere was a sod shanty built some way north of the Union Pacific de- pot, as far as I remember. Jones' claim was three hundred and twenty acres, tak- ing in a part of the heart of where Omaha stands to-day. If I had given the one thousand dollars, (which was about my pile at that day), some fellow would have come along and offered me two or tliree thousand dollars, and I should have been very apt to let it go. I returned over the river to Kanesville, now called Council Bluffs, and next day entered a few tracts of land in Cass county, and built my hut. That summer I broke up about sixty acres of land on section 32, 77, 37, where John Berry's farm is to-day. The next spring I sowed about thirty acres of wheat, and had a good crop, about twenty-five bush- els per acre. I tramped out some in the fall, and took some of the wheat to West Nishnabotna, to what was called Stuts- man's mill, and brought the flour home and sold it at seven dollars per hundred pounds. Corn was then a dollar per bushel, but within a few years corn was only worth fifteen cents and wheat twenty-five cents per bushel. As soon as we broke up the virgin soil and it brought forth abundantly we overstocked the market, and as we had no outlet, except by team to Council Bluffs or Des Moines, prices fell. I have hauled wheat to each of these markets. The next settler that came into Brighton township was Thomas Leadly. He bought out John Porter, where Wm. Altig lives to-day, on section 33. Samuel Shields came in, and built a log house. They were all from Napierville, Illinoi?, The first school in the township was kept in the house of Samuel Shields. Adelia Page was the first school teacher; she was the sister-in-law of Shields. Joseph Everly married the girl some time after the death of his first wife, and I do not know what has become of her — whether she is dead or alive. Joseph Everly, her husband, was a clever man and good neighbor, but was a fool when he got drunk, as he would do when he went to Iranistan. He and Jake Watson went liome together on a sled, as they lived at that time on the river, a few miles north of Lewis. Everly was killed on the way home, and his body found next day. Jake, fearing trou- ble, went away for awhile, and then came back, and there were nothing done about it. It was a drunken freak and the peo- ple thought, if, he got drunk and wanted to whip everybody, he ought to be killed. I went to Council Bluffs in the fall of 1856, to enter some land. They were entering by ranges, and as it would not come my turn for several days, I went to where they were building opposite the Pacific House, and as I had laid some brick, in England, and did not want to be idle, the contractor lent me his trowel, and 1 laid a few bricks. He agreed to give me $4 per day. I worked for Jesse Winn, about a week when I told him what I had come there for, to enter land. He said he would like to enter some good land, as he had some money on hand. I agreed to give him the numbers of a section for |25, and he entered land on section 5-76-37. I was in Council Bluffs the winter follow ing, and I told Jesse I wanted him to buy a tract of one hundred and twenty acres "*^f- ^fv*- Alj ^ s* lA 288 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. of timber, as it could be got for $6.25 per acre, and it was three of the best forties of timber in Cass county. I met Jesse coming down the street, "Well, I liave bought the timber," taking off his hat and taking the deed out of it. He was a pe- culiar man, raised down in Virginia, and was no scholar and he wanted to know if the numbers were all right. I told him they were. He said he would come out with me^ to see his property, and I re- marked "I have an ox team and it will take me three days to go home." "Oh pshaw, I thought you were in with a pair of horses and cutter." "Well," said he, "I want to go and see my claim on the Elkhorn, Nebraska, and I will be out as soon as you." The four horse coach was running by that time. I waited and was expecting Jesse every day, but one day I received the Council Bluffs Bugle, and saw in it the sad announcement that Jesse Winn had gone to see his claim on the Elkhorn and had found a man had jumped his claim. Jesse ordered him out of the house, but the man, in cold blood,' had shot Jesse. Snow, the man that did the dastardly crime, was lodged in the old Cottonwood jail, at Council Bluffs, but he broke out, and escaped from justice, and was not found. So, if I had had a horse team in place of oxen, I would have saved the man's life. But poor Jesse never saw the land. It was afterwards sold at a referee's sale at from $20 to $40 per acre. One cold winter, about 1858, the elk were forced down south from Minnesota and l^akota, upon us; there were thousands around us in every direction. John Les- lie, Joseph Leslie, Charles Ilebing, Ge- hart Hebing, and myself, went, one bitter, cold morning, to get some elk. We went with a pair of horses, and sled, and plenty of blankets, and one saddle horse, we had three rifles, and went up the ridge north, between Indian and Camp creek. We saw droves of elk, and would get as close to them as we could and fire. We would scare them and they would run. We shot more times than any experienced Imnters, but got "nary" elk. We followed them ten miles, north. I got off and took out on foot, through what is now called Elk- horn grove. I saw the sun was about setting in the western horizon, and I was three miles from the sled, and when I got back to the south side of the grove, where I had left ray overcoat, I found my horse had hobbled off down to the creek. I had left him tied down head and foot. I got my overcoat on and waded through the snow, as best I could. The snow was badly drifted and I had not gone far until I went down in a washout, over head and ears. I scrambled out the best I could, to get out, and finally made it, and caught my horse in a snow drift, and by the time I got back to the ridge the sun was down. I followed on the ridge, or back bone, south between Indian creek and Camp creek, and I came to where the snow tramped down, but the sled_ had been turned round and gone back for home. It became dark and I tried, in vain, to get on ray horse, I had run my rifle between the surcingle and the saddle in trying to get on, and the saddle turned. This scared the horse, and he got away from me. I reached home at one o'clock at night, and found the. folks up, waiting for me. Leslie, who drove the team, said he followed the tracks of the sled back and ^. -A^ Al'^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 289 something had scared the horses, when he had gone a few miles, and he had to go ahead of the horses. Here he found that Charles Hebing had given out, and got under a snow pile to keep from freezing. Leslie and John got him on the sled and drove as fast as possible to save his life. We liad no more elk hunting that winter, although there were many elk killed dur- ing that time, with clubs, in snow drifts, ]^ut they Lad become very poor in flesh. •WIND, EAIN AND HAIL STOEM. Probably one of the most destructive and severe wind, rain and hail storms in the history of Atlantic and surrounding country, was that which occurred Tues- day evening, about half past seven, July 28, 1871. The rain was preceded by a terrible wind, and after a few minutes of the drenching elements, hail of enormous proportions fell, and being driven by the high wind,- property and crops suffered greatly. The storm came from the north- west, lasting about three-quarters of an hour, and made barren its route, wherever that happened to be. During the storm the aspect without was the most gloomy and nerve-distracting character. The rain and hail were so dense, and the air so full of flying lumber and small movable arti- cles of all kinds, that it was utterly im- possible to see ten feet and was like look- ing into the darkness of night. As a cri- terion to the number of window panes destroyed, in about a week after the storm Atlantic firms alone had disposed of over 10,000 lights. NOTES OF THE STOEM. By glancing over the files of the week- ly Telegraph, the following items of in- terest in this connection are found, which we append: The new brick store room being built by Stafford & Hawks, dry goods dealers, on the burnt^istrict, which was just ready for shelving and being shelved, was level- ed to the earth, a perfect wreck. It was two stories in height an^i stood 23x80 feet on the ground. About $500 worth of new goods had been stored in the build- ing but a few days previous, which were also ruined. The new Presbyterian Church, which had been completed, on Maple street, at a cost of $2,500, was moved three feet . to the south, the plastering ruined and the foundation in a crumbling condition and almost ready to giveaway. Into a house on Walnut street a board was driven endways by the wind The frame for a new steam flouring mill stood firm and unmoved. The office of the weekly Telegraph was completely flooded. At one time the water was four inches deep on the floor. The Reynold's House suffered the loss of all of its front windows and the num- ber of windows was large.* The loss to the country was severe, but the track of the storm was so narrow that the effect of the ruined crops was not felt by the community at large. Private residences, everywhere, in the course «f the storm, were riddled with- out number. The number was too great to particularize. BUEN^ED TO DEATH. On the morning of September 18, 18'72, a man by the name of Jackson was burn- ed to death in the town calaboose, at Atlantic. He was arrested and locked -5)1>y A^ 290 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. therein the night before for entering a private residence on Maple street and creating excitement among the ladies of the household by his queer actions. The following morning the jail was discover- ed to be on fire. As the prisoner had previously threatened to burn the jail if he was not released before nine o'clock, it was undoubtedly set fire by him, as the flames originated from a pile of straw upon which prisoners were in the habit of sleeping. The fire was extin- guished as soon as possible and the charred .form of the man was rescued from the smoking debris. The arms were burned off to the elbows, and the legs off to the knees. The flesh was all off his head and face, but enough was left on the neck to hold the head to the body. The remains were interred in the At- lantic cemetery. The jail was a small building about 16x20 feet, divided into two rooms, the rooms being connected by a door. It was constructed of broad pine lumber, the boards being piled and spiked together something on the plan of modern grain elevators. Twenty-three kegs of nails were used'in its construction and it was very secure and strong. The cost was about |500 and it was the property of the city. A MTSTEEIQTJS MUEDEB. On the 21st of July, 1876, the body of a man, which was identified as Tiieodore A. Sloanaker, was discovered floating in Turkey river, about a hundred yards be- low the bridge which spans that stream, on the Lewis and Atlantic road, about two and a half miles north of the former place. The body was tied by a leather halter to a large floating log, and had the appearance of having been dead some four or five days. An examination dis- closed the fact that a bullet had been put through the man's head, and that he had been struck several blows with a club, or something of that nature, across the face. The body was taken to Lewis, an inquest was held before Jeremiah Bradshaw, then justice of the peace, and tjie body was buried without an attempt having been made to identify it. When the news was received at Atlantic, J. F. Needham," Charles Radley and William Rahm drove to Lewis, dug up the body, and immedi- ately recognized it to be that of Theodore A. Sloanaker. The murdered man was formerly Adjutant of the Tenth Iowa In- fantry, and at the time of his murder a resident of Primghar, the county seat of O'Brien county, where be conducted an abstract oflice. He was forty-one years of age and unmarried. He enlisted in Company K, Tenth Iowa Infantry, at Davenport, in 1862, and served during the war, being promoted gradually until he became Adjutant of the regiment. For more than a year during the war he was detailed on recruiting service, with head- quarters at Davenport. He was well known to General Baker and others at Des Moines. He came to Atlantic about three weeks previous to his murder, and called on Mr. Rahra, with whom he served during the war. He remained in Atlantic about two weeks, when he started to Pleasant township on a visit to H. A. Barton, whose acquaintance he had form- edwhile teaching school in the neighbor- hood four years previous. Nothing further than the above particulars has ever been developed, and the murderer of Theodore •r HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 291 ?])^ A. Sloanaker still remains enshrouded in mystery. PERSONAL EBMINISCENCES OF THE DISBEOW FAMILY. [By H. A. Disbrow ] Like all other men I have some history — that is, I was born. My parents were both natives of JefiEerson county, New York State. My father's family are of Welch, and mother's of French origin. My mother's grandfather was a French Huguenot who fled from France to Arca- dia and was-driven from there by the British, when they wrested that country from the French. Grandfather Disbrow moved his family with an ox team to Lorain county, Ohio in the summer of 1825, grandfather Langdon, my mother's father, moved his family to the same county in Ohio, in the spring or summer of 1833. Then, that part of the county was a dense forest of timber. The mill and market place was Cleveland, about thirty miles away and grandfather Disbrow used to make the trip to mill with his oxen, leav- ing two weeks provisions at home, allow- ing himself that time in which to make the trip. They had the usual experience of early settlers in those days who opened the way for a more enlightened civiliza- tion. On one occasion my grandfather encountered and wrestled with a black bear and came near being disemboweled but was saved by the timely appearance of his large black mastiff. On another occa- sion he and grandmother started on foot to church, some two and a half or three miles distant, through the forest. A large tree had fallen across their path; they sep- arated, one went on one side of the tree, and the other on the other side, neither spoke but each went his own way, getting lost but not knowing it until suddenly they came upon their own house. The children of those early settlers grew to man and womanhood, learned the double rule of three, how to cook, spin and weave linen and woolen cloth, loved, got mar- ried and settled down in the immediate neighborhood of their fathers. The nat- ural situation made every man sober, and necessity made him industrious. These things combined to produce a strong, hardy and prolific race. The families of the second generation were as a rule large and by this time the country was thickly settled and land very dear. The question of "what to do with the boys" was cussed and discussed by anxious parents who saw enough of mental and physical force being spent and wasted, that if rightly applied would civilize a continent or sub- due a kingdom. My parents were mar- ried September 4, 1836. I being the fifth child, was born March 11, 1844, in the log house which father built and in which they commenced life in that heavily tim- bered country. For mental training I had such advantages as could be derived from a subscription school, which was sustained by lean purses. I was thirteen years old, when my father sold his farm and moved Lis family to Cass county, Iowa. The breaking up of the old home in Ohio was a sore trial, butamother's love for her chil- dren wanted to see them own land and be settled in business close to her. So her counsel prevailed, and in April, 1857, two covered wagons loaded with household goods, each wagon being drawn by a span horses, attracted the attention of a large neighborhood. My father and mother -«— st 292 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. had grown from early cbildhood with their neighbors to mature man and womaMhood, and it was the breaking up of a large family bound together by strong ties of friendship, when- our wagons slowly and heavily moved away. AVe went to Cleveland and loaded on the cars for Chicago. From the latter place we moved on with the teams and wagons. It was in early spring — the last of April, and all Illinois was a sea of mud and water. To get mired, unload and double teams and pull out was the regular daily exercise until we get as far west as Rock Island. There was less of mud and water on the more undulating prairies of Iowa. The weather had become settled and the warmth of spring was bringing into life every form of vegetation. As we drew toward the west part of the State the set- tlements grew more sparse. There were scarcely any houses or farms along the stage road except the stage stations. There were no such groves as you now see plant- ed all over the prairies. Nor were there school houses, light houses on the coast of a higher intelligence, now scattered all over this land, but every where was a broad expanse of the beautiful, unbroken prairie. We arrived in Lewis about eleven o'clock a. m., the 19th day of May, 1857. The first object to attract the at- tention of people coming in from the east was the sign of Keyes, Peck & Co., on the front end o? their store building, the same house which is now occupied, by Uncle Jerre Bradshaw as a residence in Lewis. There was one other store in the place kept by JJartlett Bros'. But the most prominent place in the county, that which was most widely known and most talked -about was the Henderson House. That was the stage station. Now and then would come along an official of the stage Company, a kind of God-send to break the monotony, and his presence and general bearing was noted with ulmoat precision. Here, too, assembled the chivalrous knights of the i-ein; who, like Robinson Crusoe, were monarchs of all they sur- veyed. For these were days in which — "the fellows that could out-run, out- jump, chew more tobaccq, drink more whisky and stand up the longest, was the best. man in the crowd." The early set- tler looks back with some feelings of pride to the time when his neighbor was a neighbor, when generosity and kindness of heart made it easy for a resident lo share his chimney corner and last roast potato with one who needed it. Nor was there such universal looseness of morals as the above would seem to indicate. The soil was thin, but father Hitchcock would, each Lord's day, stand up in his place in the court room, and instruct his people from the parables and beatitudes. There were at that time some four or five schools taught in the county, but there was but one school house, and that at Grove City. The other schools were taught in such places as could be provided at the time. Upon our arrival in Lewis, the only place of shelter for us was an old log cabin situated on the east bank of the Nishnabotana river, on the road to Council Bluffs, but west of Lewis. Father rented ground in different places in the neighborhood, and we raised our first crop of corn, but I don't believe there were five bushels of sound corn in the ^ »lA HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 293 whole crop, as the early frosts made it all soft. Foi-turately we lived on the State road, so that all the great western emigration l>assed by our door. From two to four times a day the ponderous stage coach, loaded inside and out, and drawn by four ffood horses, passed by. In that summer of 185V, five hundred Mormon emigrants passed through Lewis en-route to Salt Lake. They took up their line of march nt Iowa City and expected to make the whole journey to SaltLake City on foot, ■and draw all their worldly effects on a small hand cart. Men, women and chil- dren plodded along in their bare feet, and being otherwise miserably clad, they en- dured hunger, and fatigue, and want, in an hundred different forms, for whatsis com- monly called conscience sake. During the summer, by the assistance of a friend, Mr. T. B. Johnson, father pre-empted one hundred and sixty acres in sections 8 and 17, township 76, range 36, being situated immediately south of At- lantic. In the spring of 18ti2, father built a cabin on his land and moved his family into it and commenced to open up a farm. My oldest brother was married and off for himself; my two brothers next old- er than myself, were in the gold regions in Colorado, having gone there the pre- vious yeai- in company with father and brother William. Daring their absence, I managed the rented farm upon which we .were then living, and succeeded reason- .ibly well, as farming was done in those days. The war came on, when young and old were being solicited to enlist in the army atid go south to fight for the Union. I had hired out to Judge L. L.Alexander to work on his farm for one month. I was working in the field alone hoeing corn, when John Keyes, the sheriff of the county and J. H. Coe, afterwards my captain, rode in and urged me to enlist. I was at that time my father's only help. Like thousands of other boys the con- sciousness of my obligations to father wds smothered by feelings of patriotism, car- ried by youthful ardor and the glory of battles fought and won. But the other side of. tlie terrible picture was hidden from my view. I enlisted on the 23d of July, 1862; was mustered into the service as a member of company I, 23d regiment, Iowa Infantry Volunteers. We. were moved south in the fall, I think in October, to St. Louis, Missouri. After remaining there a few days in barracks, we were sent out for active servitie. ' Up to this time to be a soldier was a nice thing — nfew clothes, new accouterments, dress parade,good pro- visions, with rides on steamboats and cars, made the service a perpetual holiday. But the darkest days were drawing nigh. We were organized with the thirteenth army corps commanded by McClertiand. We spent the winter of 1862 among the Ozark mountains of Missouri, and moved down to Milliken's Bend opposite Vicks- burg in the early spring. We witnessed the magnificent sight of a fight between the Union gunboats and the Confederate batteries at Grand Gulf. The battle last- ed all day. We marched across the pen- insula and crossed the Mississippi river the next morning just below Grand Gulf, at Bruin's Landing. Our regiment was the van guard of that great army of sev- enty-five thousand men commanded by r A% 294 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ^ that greatest general, U. S. Grant. We set out on a line of march from Bruin's Land- ing at about noon. Our regiment certain- ly did not look like .an army so soon to be engaged in battle. We thought we were going only a short distance back from the river and then camp. We were ordered to take three days rations, which were issued; but instead of issuingtoeach man bis share on the spot, the commissary sergeants with some help, shouldered the cracker boxes and carried the sides of bacon on their bayonets over their shoul- ders. But the march continued, and the rations were distributed to each man his share. At midnight we came upon the enemy in force. We were soon subjected to the fire of grape and cannister from the enemies batteries, who had anticipa- ted our approach. We marched off to the left and lay under cover of a hill, on our arms till morning. All night the heavy roll of the artillery, the clicking of the cavalry sabers and the silent tread of the infantry, told us that an army was in motion, and what else no one but our great commander knew. The following morning was the first of May, and the pun shone large and red, as if to foretell the work to be done upon that field that day. The battle of Port Gibson opened at seven a. m., and lasted until dark. Our regiment charged upon the enemy three times with fixed bayonets, and were under fire all day. I was at this time one of the regimental color guards, and consequently absent from my com- pany, but present with the regiment. We lost several men in killed and wounded, and among them was my comrade and friend, Frank R. Howard. Following this battle were those of Raymond, Jack- son, Champion Hill, and Black River Bridge. I was also present and played a full hand in the siege of Spanish Fort, Alabama, which lasted eleven days. I was discharged as sergeant at the close of the war with my regiment at Harrisburg, Texas, August 2p, 1865. Daring the war I resolved that, if I lived to get home, I would give myself the benefit of an edu- cation which I had not, as less than six months would cover all the time I had spent in school since my father brought us from Ohio in 1857. In the fall after the close of the war, I accordingly com- menced studying away down in the ele- mentary principles of the common branch- es, in the public schools in Lewis. That winter I studied again, in a district school in my father's neighborhood. The fol- lowing spring I went to Tabor and there commenced the foundation of a collegiate course, which I afterwards completed in June, of 1873, graduating with a class of seven — two ladies and five gentlemen. I worked my way through as I had very little means to begin with. I boarded the whole time with a widow lady, Mrs. Sarah Neill, too whom I am indebted very much, for whatever I may have accom- plished. I paid her for my board and washing in work during term time, and daring the long vacations I taught, or worked at such jobs as I could find to do, carefully saving the little money earned, to provide the necessaries of the next term. I do not think that there was anything of particular interest about my course of study to mention here. I was a member of one of the' literary societies, and perhaps was as prominent in the ex- -^ sjV -1^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 295 ercises as any of my fellows. Some of the debates were hotly contested, lasting to the small hours, which was sufficient cause for alarm to the good folks of the village. After I left college I entered immediately upon the study 9f law, in the office of Brown and Churchill, at Atlantic. Mr. Brown is ray present law partner. I again taught a term of school in my fath- er's neighborhood, during the winter, and was admitted to practice in all the courts of the State, in Blarch, 18V4. Mot feel- ing quite satisfied with the preparation J had made, and desiring a more thorough knowledge of the practice before entering upon it, I sought and obtained a situation in the office of Montgomery and Scott, at- torneys at Council Bluffs, Iowa, where I remained six months, during which time I was admitted to practice in the Supreme court of the State. At the expiration of six months I returned to Atlantic and opened a law office. The following fall, 1875, I was elected county superintendent of schools, and entered upon the duties of that office, January 1, 1876. It is an old adage that "no book or story is complete without the character of a woman written in it." And this must not be an excep- tion. During my course of study at Tabor, I had met and loved Marietta Day, the principal of the ladies' department, who was my instructor in Latin, and many of the higher mathematics. We became en- gaged before she left Tabor in 1871, to go to her parents, who resided at Shef- field, Lorain county, Ohio, and were in feeble health. On the 14th of October 1875, we were married at the residence of her father. Judge, William Day, at Sheffield, Ohio, by James Fairchill, D. D., president of Oberlin College. We came to Atlantic and commenced housekeeping in the west part of town. In the spring of 1877 we built the' home where we now reside, on South Chestnut street. I was .re-elected that fall without opposition, to the office of superintendent. In July, 1878, our little Greta was born. In three and two years following, respectively, Ruth and Albert were born, which make up the family. In May, 1879, I was ap- pointed' postmaster at this place for four years. My administration of the affairs of that office was fraught with wars and wiry contentions, and if my opponents are satisfied with the result I am. After the expiration of my term as postmaster, I remained quietly at home with my family till January 1, 1884, when I engaged in a partnership with Mr. J. W. Brown, my former law preceptor, for the practice of law in this place. As a recreation as well as profit I am interested in farming and stock raising. I take not a little pride in my Galloway cattle, Jersey Red swine, and Cotswold sheep. The foregoing is a hasty review of my life, and although I have not achieved much of the world's honors or riches, yet by a struggle, I have probably succeeded in giving to myself some advantages and privileges which . others more favorably situated in the be- ginning of life failed to acquire. If there shall be some suggestion in this that will be a help to any young men situated as I was, to do a better thing for himself or the world, I shall be satisfied. BEE CULTUEE. [By G. B. Olney.] At the solicitation of the compilers of this, volume, I reluctantly strive to give a I *^1 !lA 296 HISTORY OF CASS COU.NTY. practical article on Apiculture, reluctantly because of diffidence, knowing that often these things are assailed on all points by the harshest criticisms, no matter how true, how plain or how simple the theme is treated. Many will raise the cry, "keep aloof, touch not, this is a snare to entrap the unsuspecting." For natare has en- dowed the bee with all that is necessary, and man wants no more knowledge on the subject. This is the talk I heard years years ago, and the same I hear to-day, even among good business men in other respects. This ignorance is a terrible barrier to overcome, but it must give way, and intelligence with its many pointed spears of scientific facts and shield of on- ward progress, and the grand development of immortal truths will ever march tri- umphantly over discordant error and faithless fiction. Apiculture, or the cul- ture of bees, is a science of itself, and when properly carried out, will pay the operator as good a dividend as any busi- ness of the farm, on the amount of capital invested. The first thing a man wants, to engage in this business is, a good location, a .southeast slope being preferable to any other, as the hives are then protected, more or less, from the northwest winds, which are apt to chill the young brood. In the second place, and this is very im- portant, a good hive is necessary. The best is one that can be handled for all purposes possible, with the least trouble and expense. The world-wide reputation of the Langstrotli hive is well known, the dimension of which has been adopted as the standard, by all the conventions of bee culturists of the United States and Germany. Since artificial comb and the extractors have come into use, however, the old outward form, only, is used, but with the manipulating sides, that came into use in 1871. Still another improve- ment has been make by the writer, in 1884, on these sides whereby making the hive cheaper and more- easily handled. The object of using the extractor is that the operator can handle three to one of any other hive. The best time for run- ning the extractor is when the most of the bees are afield at work, and this is between 9 o'clock A. M. and 4 p. m. Though late in the fall, when the hive is quite full, and there is but little room for the queen to deposit her eggs, I extract and give her empty comb that she may go to lay- ing. This is for the purpose of having young bees to go into winter quarters, as bees only live from eight to twelve weeks. By thus having young bees to commence on, you avoid the complaint of losing bees, when they have plenty to live on, the hives being full of honey, etc. In wintering hives a good dry cellar, with good ventilation, is perhaps the best quarters. A colony in such a place will consume about from eigTit to ten pounds of honey. As soon as warm weather approaches take out the hives and set on summer stands, close to the ground, and bank up with old straw or dirt around the hive to protect the brood from sudden changes of weather. . In swarming artificially, make it as near natural as possible, by allowing the bees to fill themselves as much as possible by first driving them in by introducing smoke at entrance. Then tap on the hive, which will start them to battle. Then give ^v HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 297 them more smoke, which frightens them BO that they want to leave. They first fall to their store to carry off all that is possi- ble. When they are well filled, look for the queen, by takii)g out one card at a time. When she is found, place the card with the adhering bees in anew hive, then add one more card. Shake off from the cards what would make a fair swarm, place the new hive, with the queen in it, in place of the old one, and set the old one in a new place, and the work is done. CHAPTER VII. COUNTY GOVERNMENT. All that part of what is now the State of Iowa, south of a line drawn due west from the lower end of Rock Island, in the Mississippi river, was constituted, by an Act of the Territorial Legislature of Michigan, of which it was then a part, approved September 6, 1834, the county of "Demoine" from and after October Ist following. This county, was a portion of this territory, and so remained until 1837. when it became a portion of Keokuk county. In 1851, Cass county was estab- lished with its present boundaries, by Act. of the General Assembly of the State of Iowa, and the name given in honor of Lewis Cass, then Senator from Michigan. At the same time, Isaac 6. H(>uck,of Madi- son, Barlow Granger, of Polk, and Samuel B. McCall, of Boone, were appointed as commissioners to locate the county-seat. These parties, for some reason, did not perform their duty and the county had no designated seat of justice at that time. Chapter 5, of the Acts of the Fourth General Assembly, which met at Iowa City, December 6, 1852, provided for the organization of a large number of new counties in the western part of the State, ;ind among others, the county of Cass. The following appears in the Act in refer- ence to Cass county: Sec. 2. That Robert McGaven, of the county of Pottawattamie ; Thomas G. Palmer, of the county of | Mills, and Milton Richards, of the county of Fi-e- mont, be, and they are hereby appointed Commissioners to locate the seat of jus- tice of the county of Cass. The Act provided that the Commis- sioners should meet on the first Monday in March, 1853, and that they should re- ceive two dollars per day for their ser- vices, to be paid out of the proceeds of lots in said town; and further, that the county of Cass "is hereby organized from and after the first Monday in March, 20 TV ^1-^ /■>. 298 HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. 1853; and the inhabitants of said county shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges, to which by law the other counties in this Slate are entitled. That there shall be a special election held on the first Monday in April, 1853, at which time there shall be elected county and township officers as provided by law.". The Act further provided: Sec. 10. That the county of Cass shall be composed of three civil townships, for the present organization, that is, all the territory embraced in Cass county shall constitute one civil township; that which lies in the county of Audubon shall con- stitute one civil township, and all that which lies in the county of Adair shall constitute one civil township, the three for revenue, election and judicial pur- poses, constituting the county of Cass. The first election to beheld at Bradshaw'x store, in Cass county; at Mr. Hamlin's in Audubon township; at the house of Alfred Jones, in Adair township. Two only of the three commissioners appointed to locate the county-seat acted in the matter, and the following is theii report, as recorded in the County Judge's office: State of Iowa, ) County of Ca's, j ®®- In pursuance of an Act of the General Assembly of the State of Iowa, approved January 12, A. D. 1853, for the location of the seat of justice of the aforesaid county of Cass, we, Thomas G. Palmer and Milton Richards, two of the commis- sioners appointed hy the Act aforesaid to locate the seat of justice of said county, have met at Indiantown, in said C3unty, on the 11th day of March, A. D. 1853, and proceeded to locate the seat of jus- tice of said county of Cass, on the east half of the southeast quarter of section 10, and the west half of the southwest quarter of section 1], in township 75 north, of range (37) thirty-seven west, we, the said commissioners, having been sworn as directed by the aforesaid Act. Done at Indiantown, this 11th day of May, A. D. 1853. Signed, Thomas G. Palmer, MlLTOif RlClIAKDS, Commissioners. As has been said in an oher place, the early records of the couny are entirely wanting, having, it is supposed, been car- ried off by Judge Benedict, when he lef f; the county. At the first electioi 'he fol- lowing were chosen the first officers of the county, at the election held in April, 1853: .Jeremiah Bradshaw, county judge; V. M. Conrad, treasurer and collector; C. E. Woodward, clerk of courts; Francis M. Bill, sheriff; Levi M. Ball, drainage com- missioner; David Chapman, surveyor; James M. Benedict, coroner; II. L. Brad- shaw, assessor; T. N. Johnson, road su- pervisor. During the year Mr. Bradshaw was county judge, and perfected the or- ganization of the county. The first war- rant drawn upon the county treasury was in favor of the two commissioners who located the county seat, and was for the amount of $34. Mr. Bradshaw was succeeded by J. W. Benedict as county judge, but before his term of office had expired, he left the county, and was succeeded by W. N. Dick- erson, in 1855. Under his administration, things began to assume an official aspect and the first records of the county, now ^R* -ii5= HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 299 in existence, are the records of the county court over which he presided. The first entry upon his book is upon August 29, A. D., 1856, when application was made for the issuing of a license by James Adkins, for the said Adkiiis and Elizabeth A. Lookabill to be joined in matrimony. "License was granted August 31, A. D., 1855, by the consent of her father and re- quest, proof was given that both parties were of competent age and condition. [Signed.] Wm. N. Dickerson, County Judge." Upon the records, under date of Octo- ber, 1855, there is spread the following entry: "This is to certify that Jeremiah Brad- shaw has been duly appointed, and has been duly sworn into the office of liquor agent for Cass county, Iowa, and given bonds as required by law. The said Bradshaw is allowed by the court twenty- five dollars per year for selling and act- ing as agent for said county of Cass — also other expenses at'ending the same." The first purcliase of intoxicating li- quors made by the county, by the hands of Mr. Bradshaw, under this appointment by the County Court, was made on the 29th of October, 1855, and was billed as follows: _ Cass County. Bought of J. Dougherty, Council Bluffs. 2 gallons Brandy @ $2.00 $ 6 00 3 " Port wine @ 3.00 9.00 80 " Eye whisky... @ 1.00 20 00 21 Rect. whisky. ..@ .75 1575 $50.75 Mr. Bradstreet returns to the court, on the 5th of May, 1856, a statement of the business and shows that the county had made a net profit, on the above quantity of liquor, of ^12.68. At the regular term of the County Court, October 1, 1855, W. 11. Dickerson, the County Judge makes the entry that as neither the clerk or treasurer being pres- ent, no settlements with them could be made and as there was no further business the court adjourned. It would seem that in those early days that the county officials were not very strict in the discharge of their duty, for we find that at the January term of the County Court, E. M. Davenport, files a bill . against the county for services as Prose- cuting Attorney as well as acting in the place of both County Judge and Clerk of the Courts. At the February terra, of 1857, "ap- peared before the court, Albert Wake- field and forty-four others, by petition" and asked the appointment of a commis- sioner to view and locate a county road, commencing at or near the north-east corner of section 3, township 73, range 15, and running to or near the half-mile post on the north side of section 2, town- ship 77, range 35. The court granted the prayer of the petioners and appointed Peter Kan wyer, said commissioner. 1 his is the first county road mentioned in the records, and is presumably the first in the county. Under the date of March, 1857, the following record is entered upon the docket of the county judge, and is the first attempt at removing the county seat from the town of Lewis. "This day came A. J. McQueen and one hundred and thirteen others, by petition, ^ tlj 300 HISTORY OF -CASS COUNTY. praying tlie Court to submit to the voters of Cass county, at tlie April election, in 1858, the question of the removal of the county seat from Lewis to Grove City, in said counly, according to the provisions of chapter 46, of the session laws of the General Assembly of the State of Iowa, for the year 3 855. At the same term came S. W. Tucker and one hundred and sixty-three others, by remonstrance, re- monstrating against the submission of the question of removal, as aforesaid. And the Court having fully examined said pe- tition and remon.strance, and being fully advised in the premises, do find the num- ber of remo'nstrants to exceed the number of petitioners: Therefore it is considered that said prayer in said petition ought not to be granted." This was signed by E. W. Davenport, pi-osecuting attorney and acting county judge. In October, 1857, Samuel L. Lorah, hav ing been elected to the ofSce of county judge, assumed the judicial ermine, and proceeded to take the reins of county gov- ernment. At the March term of his court in 1858, a petition was presented asking for the organization of a new township to be called Lura, and to embrace the following territory: All of townships 76 and 77, range 34, tlie east half of township 76, range 35, and two tiers of sections off of the east side of township 77, range 35. The court in granting the prayer of the petitioners, issued the warrant to G. S. Morrison, in said township on April 5, 18.08. At the same term the court ordered the organization of the following territory into a civil township under the name of Brighton: All of township 77, range 37, and sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 16, 17 and 18, in township 76, range 37. The warrant of such organization was issued to Thomas Meredith, and the first election ordered to be held at the house of Samuel K. Shields, on the 5th of April, 1858. In June, the boundaries of Pymosa township were changed by the county courts, thereby enlarging it, by taking off a portion of each of the townships of Cass, Turkey Grove and Brighton. A petition having been presented to Judge Lorah, at the regular term of the county court, on the 6th of September, 1858, asking that the question of the re- location of the county seat be submitted to the legal voters of the county, and des- >ignating Grove City as their choice for the seat of county government, that offi- cial, finding that the petition was signed by at least-one half of the legal voters of the county, according to the last census,, acceded to the prayer, and ordered the submission of the question to the people of the county, at the following general election, in October. Upon a petition signed by Peter Hedges and others, on the 6th day of September, 1858, the court ordered the organization of a new civil township to be ^nown by the name of Breckenridge, embracing the following territory : All of township 75, range 34; all of township 75, range 35 except section 31; and section 1 of town- ship 74, i-ange 34. In November, 1858, the county judge entered into a contract, by which the counly of Cass purchased of Peck&Keyes the ferry boat, and all appurtenances per- taining thereto, used on the east Nishna- -% sjV k HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 301 botna river on the road from Lewis to Council BlufEs, paying two hundred and ten dollars therefor. This the county ran until in August, 1859, when a petition having been presented for the building of a bridge across the river, a contract was ordered to be entered into, by the county court, for the erection of the same. Thomas Meredith being the lowest re- sponsible bidder for the building of the bridge, the contract was let to him for Sl,475. The contract for building the embankment leading to the same was awarded to Cornelius Soper, at twenty- four cents per cubic foot. But little seems to have been transacted by the county court for some time after this, outside of the usual routine business of auditing and paying claims against the county and the granting of marriage li- censes. In the fall of 1859, II. Temple was elected to the position of county judge, and on the 1st of January, 1860, entered upon the discharge of that office. Nothing of any note transpired under liis jurisdiction. On the 1st of January, 1861, a new dis- pensation of affairs was had and much of the jurisdiction and the power of the county judge was taken from him by the law and given to the newly created BOARD OF StrPERVISOES. The first meeting of this body was held at the court house, at Lewis, on the 7th of January, 18(il, at which time there were present tlie following members : C. S. Newlon, R. C. Gordon, Peter Hedges, E. B. Bell, Dawson Glasgow, Samuel L. Lo- rah and Thomas Meredith. Samuel L. Lorah was chosen chairman for the ensu- ing ^year and balloting for the term of service of the different members of the board resulted as follows : Dawson Glas- gow, Thomas Meredith and R. C. Gordan drew the two years term; C. S. Newlon, Samuel L. Lorah, Peter Hedges and E. B. Bell, the one year term. The first war- rant ordered drawn by the board was is- sued to William S. Newlon, for three days' service as school superintendent, and was for six dollars. At the June term, the Board sold the old ferryboat that lay in the Nislinabotna river, near Keyes' mill, to Peter Hedges, for five dollars, with the understanding that he take it out of the stream before the first of July, 1861, or be liable for all (^amages caused by its remaining. In October, the Board of Supervisors, on a motion made by E. B. Bell, appro- priated the sum of two hundred dollars for the relief of the families of the volun- teers, Who had responded to the call of their country, and a committee, consist- ing of John Keyes, Peter Kanawyer and J. B. Curry, was appointed to inquire into tlie necessities of these wards of the county and apportion this relief. The Board for the year 1862 met for the first time on the 6th of January, of that year, when the following members took their seats: Thomas Mei'edith, R. C. Gordon, F. II. Whitney, T. K. Chapel, John H. Hardenbergh and John Irwin They at once proceeded to effect an or- ganization, by electing R. C. Gordon as chairman for the year. This Board com- pleted the sale of the swamp lands of the county to the American Emigrant Com- pany, of which an account is given else- where. ^^ •^ 302 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. The dark cloud of war tliat hung over our country during these years drew much attention tliat way, and as many of the families of the "brave boys in blue" were in want of many of the necessiiies of life, a motion was made at the September ses- sion of the Board, by Frank H. Whitney, to the effect that "the members of the Board resolve themselves into a commit- tee of relief for the benefit of the families of all persons in the service of the United Slates, as soldiers, in their several town- ships, who may need aid; and that the clerk be, and is hereby, authorized to issue warrants, on the order of each member of the Board; and further, that it is under- stood that the Board make no charge foi^ the same, or for their services." On a motion of J. H. Ilardenbergh, the name of Breckenridge township, at this time, was changed to that of Union, by which it has been known ever since. On tho 5th of January, 1863, the new Board met for its first session, and con- sisted of the following gentlemen : F. H. Whitney, T. R. Chapel, J. Irwin, J. B. Ilardenbergh, D. Glasgow, John Leslie and William Judd. On organization, T. R. Chapel was chosen chairman for the ensuing year. At the June session, F. H. Whitney having removed from Union township, his place upon the Board as representa- tive of that sub-division, was declared va- cant, and J. E. Pratt was appointed in his place. John Leslie, also, haying removed from Brighton township, which he repre- sented, his place was, at the same time, filled by S. K. Shields. In the following September, J. E. Pratt, however, resigned his position of Supervisor, and was suc- ceeded by John. Meredith. Mr. Pratt was, however, returned to the Board at its Octo- ber session, from Brighton township, and was duly sworn into office. The Board of Supervisors for the year 1864, wa^ composed of the following indi- viduals: C. S, Newlon of Edna town'bip D. Glasgow of Lura town-ihip J. E. Pratt of Biigliton township William Judd of Turkey Grove township John C. Cattnon of Pymosa township W. II. Bailey of Cass township John Tate >. of Union township It met for the first time on the 4th day of January, and organized by electing C. S. Newlon to the chair. At the June session, J. E. Pratt, the Supervisor from Brighton, having remcfved from that place, Thomas Meredith was ap- pointed in his stead. On the 2d of January, 1865, the new Board of Supervisors for the ensuing year, met. The following gentlemen presented themselves, and, after being duly qualified, took their seats: Thomas Meredith of Brighton township William H. Bailey of Cass township James B. McDermott of Lura township John C. Cannon of Pymosa township David A. Barnrtt of Turkey Grove township John Tate of Union township C. S. Newlon of Edna township They organized by the election of D. A. Barnett to the chair, and proceeded to business. On the 6th of the same month the following resolution was unanimously passed by the Board: "J?e it resolved, by the Board of Super- visors, in and for Cass county, State of Iowa, acting in behalf of said county, that a bounty of three hundred dollars be ■& ^1 k lliL HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 303 paid by the said county, to eacli volun- teer, and '0 each drafted man, who shall be accepted, or shall furnish a substitute who sliall be accepted, to fill the quota of the county of Cass, under the call of the President of the United States for three butrdred thousand men, of date December 20, 1864. "And that the same shall be paid as follows, to-wit: The Clerk of the District Court and ex-officio clerk of the Board of Supervisors of Cass county. State of Iowa, is hereby authorized and ordered by the Board of Supervisors, as aforesaid, to issue to each volunteer, and to each drafted man, warrants upon a fund to be called and known as the 'Bounty Fund,' in the sum of three hundred dollars to each, whenever a certificate from the Pro- vost Marshal of this Fifth District of Iowa shall be filed in the said clerk's office, that the said volunteer, or drafted man, or his substitute as aforesaid, has been accepted and accredited to the county of Cass, in the State of Iowa, on the aforesaid call for three hundred thousand men. "And further, That all the warrants which may be hereafter issued under the foregoing provisions of tliis resolution, shall draw interest at the rate of ten per cent, per annum, from the date of this issue. And, be it further resolved, that, to pro- vide for the immediate payment of a portion of the said 'Bounty Fund' war- rants, which may be hereafter issued, the County 'J'reasurer, of the county and State aforesaid, shall be authorized to transfer, or borrow, the entire amount of cash in his hands belonging to the 'Town Fund,' for the benefit of the 'Bounty Fund,' and the same shall be paid out pro rata, after the entire* amount of the 'Bounty Fund' warrants shall be ascertained. The money so borrowed shall be repaid to the ' Jown Fund' whenever a sufficient amount shall be collected from the 'Bounty Fund' tax. On the Vth of June, Thomas Meredith resigned his position on the Board of Supervisors, and M. B. Darnell was appointed in his place. J. B. McDermott, the representative from Lura township, also resigned, and was succeeded by James Turner. At the next general election, in October, William F. Altig was chosen Supervisor by the people of Brighton township, and succeeded Mr. Darnell, who had just been appointed to fill the vacancy. The Board for the year 1866, which met on the 1st day of January, was composed of the following mentioned gentlemen: William F. Allig Brighton William H. Bailey, Casi 0. S. NewIoQ Edua Lewis Benson Grant, late Lura James L. Byrd Pymoaa D. F Giiylord , Uuion D. A. Barnttt Turkey Grove The last mentioned was duly elected chairman for the ensuing year, on organ- ization. The usual routine business was transacted by this Board in a business-like manner. On the 7th of January, 1867, the Board met, and the following members took their seats, after due qualifications: James L. Byrd Fymosa W. II. B.iiley Cass D. F. Gayloid Union C. S. Ne«lon Edna L. Beason Grant A. Brown Turkey Giove W. F. Altig Brighton ipT 'k. 304 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. On organization, James L. Byrd was elected chairman of the Board, for the year. • The Board for the year 1868, embraced the following-mentioned gentlemen: L. Season Grant Ansou Brown Turkey Grove D. G. Gnylord Union James L. Byrd , Pymusa Z Clarey Brighton JohnLi slie Ediia .John A. Mills Cass The first meeting was held upon the 6ih day of January, and James L. Byrd was elected to the chair. At the June session, a committee which had been appointed for the purpose of selecting a Poor Farm for the county, at the January session, made their report, which was as follows: "We, your committee that were ap- p'Ointed to ascertain where a tract of land suitable for a Poor Farm for Cass county could be procured, have to report that, in the present unsettled and unknown rail- road facilities in our county, and in view of the agitation of the county seat ques- tion, we have come to the conclusion that it is inexpedient to purchase or locate a Poor Farm at this time. D. F. Gat LORD. John A. Mills. Anson Brown. This report was received and adopted by the Board. On the 4th of January, 1869, the Board of Supervisors for the year held their first meeting, with the following-named in their seats: D. F. Gaylord Union James L. Bvrd Pynn'sa J)hn A.. Mills Cass W. W Jameson Tui key Grove J. C. Morrison G ant Simeon S. Green Brignion John Leslie Edna James L. Byrd was re-elected to the position of chairman. At the June session of this Board, William Waddell and others came before the Supervisors and filed a notice of pub- lication and petition for the removal of the county seat to Atlantic. At the same time, a remonstrance against the same was filed by R. G. Phelps and others. 1 he matter, by vote of the Board, was referred to a committee of three, and the Chair appointed D. F. Gaylord, S. S. Green and John A. Mills as said committee. These gentlemen, on the 10th of June, filed the following report: "We, the committee to whom was re- erred the petition and remonstrance per- taining to the removal of the county seat, beg leave to r,eport, and recommend that the whole question be referred to the committee of the whole, as the committee have arrived at no definite conclusion as to the merits of the case." This report was received and adopted, and the Board, going into committee of the whole, canvassed the question. It be- ing shown that six hundred' and eighty- two of the legal voters of the county had signed the petition in favor of the re-loca- tion of the county seat at Atlantic, and as the last preceding census showed that Cass county contained eight hundred and twenty-one Voters, the Board adopted the following resolution, offered by D. F. Gaylord: "Mesolved, That it is ordered by the board of Supervisors of Cass county, in the State of Iowa, that, at the general election to be holden within, and for said county, on the second Tuesday of Octo- ber, A. D. 1869, to-wit : the 12th day of . •^<2- A'T HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 305 October, A. D. 1869, a vote shall be taken on the re-looation of the county seat of Cass county, Iowa, between the said town of Atlantic, as asked for in the petition duly filed, and the town of Lewis, the ex- isting county seat of Cass county, and that the ballot of each voter voting on such re-location shall designate that it was cast for the county seat at Atlantic, or for the county seat at Lewis." Provisions were also made for the due observance of law, in the way of public notices, both by publication in the papers, and by notices posted in conspicuous places. The board, on the 11th of June, 1869, in response to a petition, ordered the or- ganization of congressional township 75, north of range 36 west, into a civil town- ship under the name of Bear Grove, and ordered C. A. llebing to act as the organ- izing oflBcer, and the first election to be held at the building known as the Roselle school house, on the 12th of October. At the September session, the board, also, ordered the organization of township 74, range 37, as a civil township under the name of Pleasant, and instructed H. A. Carton to act as organizing officer. The first election was also ordei'ed to take place on the 12th of October, at the Stet- ler school house. This latter order was revoked shortly after, and a- committee composed of Simeon S. Green, John C. Morrison and John Leslie appointed to look into the re-organization of the county into civil townships. At the October session, it being brought to the attention of the board that one of their number, John A. Mills, had on the 2d day of October, been called away by death, resolutions of respect were passed by the board bearing testimony to his work, and the loss the community met with in his death, and tendered his afflicted family their condolence. On the 20th of October, after a due canvass of the vote on the re-location of the county seat, the Board declared the city of Atlantic the seat of county gov- ernment, and ordered the county officers to remove to that place. "That in consideration of the Atlantic Town Company making a warrantee deed to all of block number Fifty-two in said town of AtlantiCj to the county of Cass, Iowa, for county building and purposes, the same being in full for the grounds which said town agreed to donate to said county for public buildings, and upon the said Town Company erecting the buildings in manner and form as required by their bond, within sixty days, upon block Thir- ty-four in said town of Atlantic, and the same is accepted by a committee appoint- ed by this board, upon their certifying the acceptance of said building to the county officer, they are immediately re- quired to remove their offices, books, pa- pers, etc , to the county seat at Atlantic, into said building." The Board for the year 1870, was com- posed of the following gentlemen, who met for the first time on the first of Jan- uary, and after qualification, took their seats : D. T. Gaylord ,...T3nion. E.J. Shields Edna N. L. Mills Cass. James L. Byrd Pymosa B. S. Green Brighton. W. W. Jameson Turkey Grove. J. C. Morrison Grant. -71 T ® 4^ •^ 806 IlISTOEY OF CASS COUNTY. J. L. Byrd was cliosen chairman. At the June ses-ion Benjamin Albee, of Bear Grove, presented his credentials as a mem- ber of the board, and was admitted to a seat in the council. 'J'he committee on re- organization of the county now made a a report by whicli the following congress- ional townships were erected into civil townships : Township 74, range 34, to be called Vic- toria township.- Township 75, range 34, to be called Mas- sena township. Township 76, range 34, to be called Lin- coln township. Township 77, range 34, to be called Grant township. Township 77, range 35, to be called Benton township. Township 76', range 35, to be called Franklin township. Township 75, range 35, to be called Union township. Township 74, range .So, to be called Edna township. Township 74, range 36, to be called No- ble township. To wnsliip 75, range 36, to be called Bear Grove township. Township 76, range 86, to be called At- lantic township. Township 77, range 86, to be called Py- mosa township. Township 77, range 37, to be called Brighton township. Township 76, range 37, to be called Washington township. Township 75, range 37, to be called Cass township. Township 74, range 37, to be called Pleasant township. The Board of Supervisors had hereto- fore been composed of one representative from each township, but by the law of the State of Iowa, in 1870, this was abro- gated and the county government placed in the hands of three supervisors cliosen at large. The first Board of this compo- sition met at the court house in Atlantic, on the 2d day of January, 1871, and was composed of William Waddell, W. W. Jameson and A. Teal. On being duly qualified and taking their seats, they fully organized by the election of William Waddell as chairman for the ensuing year. The Board of Supervisors for the sub- sequent years, were as follows : 18T2— W. Waddell, A. Teal and H. G. Van Vlack, Mr. Waddell again o.ccupying the chair. 1873-William Waddell, H. G. Var- Vlack and Homer L. Darnell, with the first named again in the chair. 1874— H. G. Van Vlack, H. L. Darnell and E. E. Herbert, with H. G. Van Vlack as chairman. During the month of April Mr. Van Vlack resigned his position on the board, and was succeeded by G.I. Chizum, «,nd Mr. Darnell made chairman for the balance of the year, but in Sep- tember the latter resigned from the board and J. H. Vinson was appointed to fill the vacancy, and the chair was filled by Mr. Herbert. 1875— M. J. Stearns, E. E. Herbert and E. J. Shields, with Mr. Herbert in the chair. 1876 — The Board of Supervisors having been increased to five members, it was composed this year of E.J. Shields, chair- man; E. E. Herbert, S.E.Huse, J.Pickett and J. P. James. Sl^ * k» «]> -" ■ ■ lA .. ^1 a " 1 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 307 ' 1877 — J. P. James, chairman; James Bailey, William Cool, J. M. Baxter and Pickett, S. E. Iluse, E. J. Shields and J. D. C. Kellogg. H. Vinson. 1882— D. F. Hawks, ch.airman; J. E. 1878— S. E. I-Iuse, chairman; J. P. Bailey, J. M. Baxter, D. C. Kellogg and James, J. 11. Vinson, James Pickett and Julius Triplett. T. J. Allyn. 1883— J. M. Baxter, chairman; D. F. 1879 — J. H. Vinson, chairman"; D. F. Hawks, D. C. Kellogg, Julius Triplett and Hawks, William Cool, J. P. James and Samuel L. Lorah. T. J. Allyn. THE PRESENT BOAKD OP SUPERVISORS 1880 — J. P. James, chairman; William is composed of the following named gen- Cool, T. J. Allyn, J. E. Bailey and D. F. tlemen: Julius Triplett, chairman; D. F. Hawks. Hawks, S. L. Lorah, S. W. Garvin and 1881— D. F. Hawks, chairman; JohnE. William Christie, Jr. CHAPTI :r VIII. OTHER OFFIC lAL MATTERS. In this chapter are given various items statistics of that year, as shown by the ■ of information, taken from the official rec- State Census Report: ords of the county, and elsewhere, and Number of dwelling houses 156 although they are necessary to a complete compilation of the annals of the county, do not have any fitting connection with any other matter in the book. POPULATION. No notice seems to have been taken of this part of the country in any census, until the year 1856, when, by a State enumeration it was shown that the four Number of families 148 Number of males 448 Number of females 3t)7 Married 308 Widowed * ^12 Native voters 205 Naturalized voters 10 Aliens 9 Militia.. i7i town8hi{)S that, then, made up the county of Cass, had the following population: Cass, 415; Edna, 56; Pymosa, 175, and Turkey Grove, 179; making a total of 815 souls. The following table will show the Idiotic 2 Owners of land 175 Acres of improved land 3,265 Acres of unimproved land 26,1 28 Tons of hay 172 i V S> r- ■^-, V ^a- gt^. 308 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Acres of spring wheat 442 Ensliels harvested 3,838 Acres of winter wheat 43 Bushels harvested 348 Acres of Oats 322 Bushels harvested 3,302 Acres of Corn 1,417 Bushels harvested 40,013 Acres of Potatoes 40 Bushels harvested 6,209 Number of hogs sold 319 Value of hogs sold $1,684 Number of cattle sold 317 Value of cattle sold $10,304 Pounds of butter made 13,501 Pounds of wool 613 Value of domestic manufactures. $350 Value of general manufactures. . . $4,150 In this connection it would, possibly, l)e of interest to give a table of the vari- ous occupations represented in the county of the Same year: Farmers 179 Laborers 8 " Blacksmiths 7 Carpenters 14 Wagonraakers 1 Stonemasons 2 Millers 2 Sawyers 4 Tinners 1 Milliners 2 Shoemakers 1 Saddle and Harnessmakers 3 Merchants 2 Agents 1 Traders 1 Physicians 3 Lawyers 1 Clergymen 1 Teamsters Coopers Clerks Surveyors County Judge Weavers In 186&, by the National census, jus previous to the Civil War, the population of Cass county was set down as 1,612. In 1865, it was 1,895, and 1870, had grown to 5,464, an increase of about 300 per cent, in live years. On the authority of the Fed- eral census of 1880, it is shown that in that year Cass county had outgrown its days of infancy and could boast of 16,943 inhabitants; and in the four years of growth since then has added to this un- til to-day, it is thought, her population will foot up to twenty-three or twenty-four thousand. Taken on the basis of the enumeration of that year, the following table, showing several items of interest in regard to the county, are not out of place. In the year 1880 there were in this county: Natives of the United States 14.799 Natives of Iowa 6,588 Natives of a foreigQ country 2,144 Miles 9.023 Female. 7,931 Persons of Color 21 Numb'T of Males over 21 years of age ... 4,534 Persons to the square mile 29.4 The American element, which is the predominant one, are representatives of most of the northern states. New Eng- land, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, contributing the larger portion. They are, taken as a whole, an industrious and thrifty people, many of whom have gathered around \t HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 309 them considerable of this world's goods and are hospitable in the extreme. COUNTir CHARITY. Although the heart of every man in the county beats in earnest sympathy with the poor and destitute that lies within his knowledge, and the hand of pity is never withheld, in time of need, from those who are in want, the time has not yet arrived when the county has . felt it just to itself and others, to provide a county home for the friendless. Many, having in their mind the parish poor houses, and "unions" of the old countries, shrink back with horror at the idea, that any, in whom they feel an interest, should be doomed to inhabit a place, within the cold and cheerless walls of such an asylum. Little do they think that many a waif, upon the broad and troubled aea of the world's bitter experience, has hailed, as a safe harbor, as a secure haven, the much dreaded poor-house. Here the weary can find rest, and the wolf, starvation, be held at bay, until a brighter day can dawn. To those of us that think, the name has many a sad and tender recollec- tion of pity for the unfortunate wretch, who is compelled to lower his pride, and seek relief, rather than meet death by starvation and exposure. The only efiEort of any note that has been made in Cass county, toward the establishment of a county poor farm, was iu January, 186S, when a committee of the Board of Supervisors, who had been ap- pointed for the purpose of selecting a tract of land for a poor farm, made a re- port, adverse to the whole matter, at that time, as not to the interest of the people of the county. So Cass county stands to-day without an institution of that character. Perhaps it may be partially owing to some mistaken notions of that noble char- ity, and the dread that many citizens .have of such institutions, that there is none, but Jet not the stranger think, how- ever, that it is a land where people are lacking in brotherly charity. The method of relief practiced, and the yearly amount annually appropriated for the relief of the needy, lias only to be scanned to de- monstrate the fallacy of such a judg- ment. The weary wight that has lost his all through force of untoward cir- cumstances; the widow and orphan strug- gling hard for the daily crust of bread; the waif left to live or die, as best it may, can here, all, meet openhanded charity, and a people whose heart and purse are ever open to the call of the suffering and poverty stricken. CIVIL TOWNSHIPS. The sixteen civil townships of Cass county were constituted and organized upon the following dates: Cass in the fall of 1851, as a township of Pottawattamie county. Pymosa, prior to 1856; the first time it is mentioned being in that year. Turkey Grove, during the year 1856. Edna, prior to 1857. Breckenridge, constituted September 6th, and organized October, 1858. Lura, constituted March, 1858, and or ganized April 5, 1858. Brighton, constituted in March, and or- ganized April 5, 1858. These were the original seven, but in 1870 this was changed and the whole county reorganized into its present form t ^^F= 1(5* 310 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ■A) aL of sixteen civil townships, each co-exten- sive with the Congressional township. The following gives the townships as created and named. The act constituting them was passed June 11th, and the or- ganization effected in October, 1870: Victoria, embracing township 74, range 3t. Massena, embracing township 7o, range 34, Lincoln, embracing township 76, range 34. Grant, embracing township 77, range 34. Benton, embracing township 77, range 35. Franklin, embracing township 76, range 35. Union, embracing township 75, range_ 35. Edna, embracing township 74, range 35. Noble, embracing township 74, range 36. Bear Grove, embracing township 75, range 36. Atlantic, embracing township 76, range 36. Pymosa, embracing township 77, range 36. Brighton, embracing township 77, r&,nge 37. Washington, embracing township 76, range 37. Cass, embracing township 75, range 37. Pleasant, embracing township 74, range 37. Bear Grove had been organized as now constituted, at the previous October elec- tions. TOWN PLATS. The plats of the several cities, towns and villages in Cass county, were filed for record, in the office of the county re- corder, upon the following dates: Indiantown was the first, being filed for record on the 10th of October, 1853, by William N. Dickerson. Lewis, filed for record February 6, 1854, by the County of Cass, who was sole owner and pi'oprietor. Iranistan, filed March 1, 1854, by S. T. Carey. First addition to the town of Iranistan, filed by kelson T. Spoor and Martha E. Carey, on the 1st of August, 1855. Conrad's addition to Indiantown, filed by V. M. Conrad, March 27, 1856. Elsey's addition to Lewis, filed Novem- ber 9, 1857, by George M. Elsey. Dickerson's addition to Lewis, filed February 1,1858, by C. Soper, Westley Spurlock, W. N. Dickerson and J. F. Deaver. Evan's and Macon's addition to Lewis, filed by Charles II. Evans, of Mahaska county, and Joseph H. Macon, of Cass, on the 4th of May, 1858; Grove City, filed May 20, 1862, by D. A. Barnett, Albert Wakefield, J. R. Kirk, A. G. McQueen, A. P. Thayer, V. M. Conrad, J. P. Wheeler and E. W. Daven- port. Re-survey of Lewis, plat filed by the county, February 25, 1866. Atlantic, surveyed and platted in Oc- tober, 1868, by F. IL Whitney, B. F. Allen, J. P. Cook and others. First addition to Atlantic, filed for record May 4, 1869, by B. F. Allen, F. H. V)^ ^1 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 311 £&♦ Whitney, and Job Walker, executor of tlio estate of Henry Walker, deceased. Anita, filed November 10, ISVO, by F. H. Whitney, B. F. Allen and J. P. Cook. Dickerson and Keyes' addition to At- lantic, filed May 20, 1871, by Isaac Dick- erson and John Keyes. Walker's addition to Atlantic, filed March 25, 1872, by Job Walker and F. H. Whitney. Marne, filed May 17, 1875, by the Marne Town company. McDowell's addition to Atlantic, filed August 4, 1875, by William M. McDowell. Whitney's addition to Anita, Septem- ber, 24, 1875, by F. H. Whitney. Meredith's addition to Marne, May 24, 1876, by Thomas Meredith. Wiota, filed November 13, 1877, by Hoyt Sherman, assignee of B. F. Allen, in bankruptcy, and F. H. Whitney. Reno, filed by Edward Porter, August 24, 1877. Whitney's addition to Wiota, August 20, 1878, by F. H. Whitney. Whitney's second addition to Atlantic, August 25, 1879, by F. U. Whitney. Ilaskins' addition to Anita, March 13, 1879, by Norman Ilaskins. Griswuld, filed for record, December 15, 1879, by C. E. Perkins, trustee. Whitney's addition to Atlantic, blocks 74, 81, Si and 89, April 29, ia79. First addition to Griswold, by C. E. Perkins, trustee, June 28, 1880. Lorah, October 26, 1880, by Samuel L. Lorah. Second addition to Griswold, August 26, 1881, by C. E. Perkins, trustee. Crawford and Merriman's addition to Atlantic, December 13, 1881, by C. C. Merriman and A. Crawford. Porter's first addition to Reno, April 14, 1884, by Edward Porter. These matters are treated of in full de- tail in the township and village histories. MATRIMONIAL. As in several other instances the record of marriages in Cass county in the early days of its existence is quite incomplete. The first marriage in the county was that of Alvin Jessup and Harriet Driscoll. The license for this was granted on the 8th of June, 1853, and the ceremony per- formed the same day. The second was that of George Shan- non and Melissa Hedges, in the early part of 1854. The third was the ceremony that uni- ted the destinies of the present incum- bent of the treasurer's office, G. I. Chiz- um and Hannah Bradshaw, on the 23d of August, 1854. None of these three appear upon the records of the county, but have been gathered either from the parties interested or their friends and neighbors. The first that appears to have been made a matter of entry, and which has been preserved, was that of William Por- ter to Catharine Pickett. License was granted in accordance with the law of the State, on the 13th of August, 1855, and they were united in wedlock on the day following by his honor, W. N. Dick- erson, the County Judge. 1'he next was the license issued to James Adkins and'Elizabeth A.Lookabill, on the 31st of August, 1855. *^ :|^ Me fc. a 312 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Licenses, during the year 1856, were is- sued to the following parlies: John Dyer and Mary Porter, February 4th. They were married by W. H. Dick- erson, the County Judge on the 6th of the same month. E. V. Smith and Julia L. Knowland, February S'Zth. Asahel B. Davis and Emma Roe, March 18th, married the same day by Rev. J. S. Rand. Allen J. McCarty and Nancy Ann Bren- ton, March 14th. John Erwin, a justice of the peace, performed the nuptial cere- mony. D. J. Smith and Mary A. Fansler, April 1st. The ceremony was performed by Rev. Bowater Bales. Clarence Porter and Polly Pickett, July 2d. The were married by W. N. Dicker- son, County Judge. Edward Gingrey and Almira Donar; July 27. J. W. Brinkerhoff, J. P., per- formed the rite. Hudson Reynolds and Martha E. Chap- man, September 15th. Rev. J. S. Rand certifies that he performed the ceremony. Robert F. Kirk and Lucy F. Lockwood, October 12. Married by Rev. Bowater Bales. G. E. Haycook and Zereula M. Hedges, October 25th. United by the same party. Morris Albough and Lucy Ann Bradj shaw, October 10th. Judge Dickerson performed the ceremony. Elya L. Pearson and Adeline M. Brink- erhoffi, December 27th. Married by J. W. Brinkerhoff, J. P. * This comprises all the licenses issued during the year 1856. In 1857 licenses were issued as follows: To William Bryan and Helen Porter, February 10th. Married by E. W. Dav- enport, acting County Judge. Frank Nortman and Catharine Stoodt, January 26tb. Marri.ed on the 22d of the following month, by P. Kanawyer, J. P. Alexander Kenaney and Susan Stewart, August 30. Married by Rev. Bowater Bales. Araasa Chapman and Amanda Dyer, August 7th. Married by G. B. Hitch- cock. Henry Pappe and Sarah J. M. Porter, October 6th. Married by George B. Hitch- cock. ' James Duncan and Emily Fansler, No- vember 26th. ' Married by Judge Lorah. George M. Elsey and Adamantine Little- field, December 1st. Rev. J. M. Rust performed the ceremony. Reuben Goucher and Catherine Settzer, December 2d. Married by John Irvin, J. P. Albert Wakefield and Ellen North, graves, December Slst. Married by R. D. McGeehon, J. P. In 1858 licenses were issued to the fol- lowing parties: Henry L. Bradshaw and Mary E. Long, April 5. Married by H. Smith, J. P. Cyrus Baughman and Ruth A. Clark, April 2. Simeon Fees and Fannie Alexander, May ad. George Conrad and Elizabeth Doner, June 2d. William Chapman and Elizabeth Dyer, August 8th. o&^CCi^^ ^ "^^^^ y HISTORY OF CASS COUNTr. 317 k. James Baxter and Euphemia Richard- son, August 12th. Henry Wormington and Hannah Hop- ley, August 18th. John B. Carey and Mary C. J. Cross- thwait, December 19th. George I. Turner and Hannah Mahan, December 2d. In 1859 licenses were issued to the fol- lowing: Joseph Everly and Adelia Page, May 10th. David Robinson and Mary E. Clark, August 16. , Nelson Ball and Mary E. Judd, Aug- ust 3. Daniel Palmer and Sophia Morris, Sep- tember 8. Nehemiah C. Moffett and Sarah I. Lit- tlefield, October 6. John A. Smith and Martha Morris, No- veraber 3. Ozro Stout and Esther J. Lorah, No- vember 8. Licenses were issued in 1850 to the fol- lowing couples, who were duly joined iu the bonds of matrimony: Otis Hardenberg and Margaret Ilopley. John E. McConnell and Mary Early. John W. Brown and Nancy A. Cannon. Lewis Beason and Augusta Wooster. B. J. Walters and Mattie Doutlier. Frederick Merrihewand Hannah Smith. Terry Landers and Piioebe Pliipps. John Whitney and Louisa M. Page. Joseph Porter and Hester E. Atwood. Lorenzo Teague and Susannah String- ham. William S. Reynolds and Arabella L. Macomber. Jacob Neth and Louisa Worth. William McMillan and Laomia Teague. Andrew Barenger and Mrs. Philena Gronshaw. The following table shows the number of marriages contracted from the year 1854 to 1883 inclusive: 1853 1 1870 54 ]8">4 3 1S71 . 58 185o 3 1S73 1873 1874 63 SO isne 12 1857 8 117 1858 9 1875 149 1859 7 l.'<76 143 1860 U 1877 140 1861 15 1878 154 1863 13 1879 158 1863 12 1880 181 1864 ........ 22 1881 189 1865 17 188-3 200 1866 27 1883 198 1867 30 1868 29 Total 2,139 1869 34 A glance at the foregoing figures shows conclusively that the matrimonial market is affected by tlw state of the times. In 1854, and for the first few years the coun- ty was too sparsely settled to furnish any indication of it. In 1858 banks suspended and a season of depression set in, and there were fewer marriages contracted for several years, although this county was not visibly affected until 1860, when there were only a few marriages. Again, in 1875, hard times caused a visible decrease in this respect. The war, too, caused a fallingoff in the number of marriages an- nually contracted, but in 1864 and 1866, when the boys in blue came home, there were larger numbers of licenses issued by the county clerk llian in any prior years. FINANCIAL. The following will show the value of the taxable property and amount of tax levied each year, from 1872 ^ to 1884. Prior to that time the reports are not accessible: 21 • ^ 4 ^. 318 HISTORY OF CASS COUNT r. 187S. Lands $3,469,813 Town property 349,254 Personal prupcity 715, 370 Total valuation of the county. . .$3,434,443 Total lax levied 87, 089.46 1873. Lands exclusive of town property, acres 359, 425 Value of lands $3,517,865 Towa properly 3 17, 379 Personal properly 437,596 Railroad properly in the county 341,736 Total vdliiation of tlie county. . . .$3, 404, 477 Total tax levied 93,695.63 1874. Lands in county exclusive of towns, acres 359,435 Value of farmlands .' $3,544,699 Vilue of town property 197,146 V.Jue of personally 454, 6'i6 Value of railroad property 283, 941 Value of telegraph lines 6,333 Total ViiluRtion of the county |3, 48."), 641 Total tax Lvied 100, 933.35- 1875. Value of farm land? $3, 843, 155 Value (if town properly 257, 324 Value of personally 541, 338 Value of ralroad properly 393,929 Value of telegrapli propeity 9, 188 Total val nation of county $3, 9 1 3, 834 Total lax levied 108,541.09 .1876. Land exclusive of town property, acres 360,648 Value of farm lands $3, 843, 1.55 Viilue of town property 371, 295 Viilue of persounl property 079,374 Value of railroad property 315, 905 Total valuation $4,087,431 Total tax leviid ■. 117,843.09 1877. Land exclusive of tjwn property, acres 358,893 Viilue of land $3,009,293 Value of town properly 313,919 Value of railroad properly 310, 411 Valueof personally 610,837 Value of telegraph property 1, 165 Total valuation of county $4, 345, 625 Total tax levied 118,366.58 1878. Value of lands exclusive of towns $3, 006,460 Value of town property 330, 390 Viilue of personal properly 590,815 Value of railroad property 303, 380 Total valuation as assessed $4, 319, 975 Tax levied 116, 543. 10 1879. Lands exclusive of town property. acres 360, 337 Value of l.md , $3,083, 663 Value of personalproperly 975,313 Value of town property 514, 617 Value of railroad properly 335, 013 Totiil valuation as'asscFsed $4,908,605 Toial lax levied includiog rail- road tax 154,195.41 1880. Land exclusive of town lots, acres ... 359, 940 Value of land $3,608,096 Value of town property 566.709 Value of personal property 974,895 Value of raili oad propel ty 346, 000 Total valuation of county $5, 495, 700 Exempiion for trees planted, $118, 835 Tax Uvied 134,774.30 1881. Lands, exclusive of town property, acres 358,964 V.lueof hind $3,953,^'43 V.ilue of town lots 657,956 Val.ie of personal property 919,748 Value of railroad property 401,763 Total valuation of county $5,933,310 Total tax levied 130,756,94 *?! ^1^ 1 A HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. 319 lTX 1882. Lands exclusive of town property, acres 358, 964 Value of land |3,465,265 Vnlue of town property 577, 184 Value of personiil property 1, Oil , 600 Value of railroad property 401, 763 Total value of county |;5,455,811 Tax levied 151, 754.84 Tree exemptions $1,153.88 1888. Lands, farm property, acres 356,799 Value of landi $4,843,395 Value of town property 917, 245 Value of raihoid property 893,148 Value of personal property 996, 723 Total value of county ^7.149. 510 Total tax levied 334, 150.80 1884. Livnds exclusive of town lots, acres. . .356, 799 Value of Imds $4,813, 395 Value of town lots: — Atlantic ....$678,785 Anita 81,330 Lewis 63,186 Griswiild.. .. 45,447 Giove City.. 3,450 Marne 33, 565 Wiota .... 18,285 Lorah 1,418 Reno 2, 984 917,445 Value of railroad property 385, 281 Value of personality, including stock, 1, 006, OUl Total assessed Vfilue of county. . .$7, 152, 133 Exemptions for trees planted $38,069 STOOK. As it might be of interest to note the- growth of the stock interests of the county, the following tables are given, as taken from the records in the auditor's office: 1878. 8,566 caltle assessed in county, value, $ 24, 110 4 366 horses, " " " 84,055 305 mules, " " " 8,981 807 sheep, " " " C07 11,813 swine, " " " 14,765 Value of stock assessed $ 133. 118 1874. 11,128 cattle assessed in county, value, $ 123,328 5,139 horsts, " " " 115,663 377 mules, " " " 12,9C3 539 sheep, '•. " " 403 13,325 swine, " " " 16, 233 Value of stock assessed , 1876. $267,523 13,427 cattle $166,876 6,786 horses 155,483 635 mules 21,050 995!-heep j^oOO 13,594 bwine 19 404 Value of stock, as assessed $ 363, 873 1877. 12,126 caltle $141, 523 7,084horses 101,077 750 uiulus 23,636 1511shiep 1,5-9 19,114 swiiie 23 139 Total value of live stock $350,904 1878. 12.186 callle, assessed at $131,268 7 579 horses, " 170,507 741 muUs, " n.'3_'(,36 l,403sheep, " i^oq 28,580 swine, " 84,491 Total value of live slock $360, 708 1879. 13,3.53 cattle, assessed at $192,117 7 398 horses, " 275,537 754 mules, " 36,348 1 366 sheep. " 1,847 34,875 swine, " 64,513 Total value of live stock $570, 393 ^ s> li* 320 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 1880. 15.066 cattle, assessed at $238,493 7.633 horses, " 270,320 832 mules, " 39,541 995 sheep, " 1,438 34,353 swine, " 64,447 Total value of stock $614, 138 1881. 19,453 cattle, valued at $363, 266 8.045 hi Tses, " 315,965 805 mules,. " 26,278 l,707she(p, " 3,393 31,173swine, " .'. 63,373 Value of live stools $569, 273 1883. 21,853 cattle, valued at $288,419 8,503 horses, " 238,957 884 mules, " 27,938 2,191 sheep, " 3,026 33,456swine, " 62,659 Value of live stock $610, 9fc9 1883. 33,936 cattle, assessed at .$308,736 8618horses, " 318,716 859 mules, " 26,578 2,169bheep, " 3,463 81,185swine, " 79,188 Total value of live stock $686, 666 1884. 21.504 cattle, assessed at $277, 926 9,073horses. " 234,006 906 mules, " 37,093 2.546 sheep, assessed at 3,435 30,303 bviriue, " 67,058 Total value of stock assessed $610, 107 RKGISTEY OF DEEDS. The first deed filed for record upon the books of the county, bears the date of June 17, 1853, and was executed by Fran- cis E-. Ball and Harriet Ball, and conveyed the nortlieast quarter of the southeast quarter of section 8, in township 75, range 37, (Cass) to Stephen Carey. Tlie tract contained forty acres, and the considera- tion therefor was $300. This instrument was acknowledged before C. .E. Wood- ward, the same date as executed and filed for record. There are now forty-eight books of deed records covering both farm and town pro- perty. There are, also, ninety-four books of miscellaneous records, among which are those for the mortgages, chattel mort- gages, indexes, etc. The whole number of books in the office are 143, and are ar- ranged in most excellent order in a large, light and well ventilated vault. The first entry of land appears to have been made by Jeremiah Bradshaw, upon the 20ch of May, 1853, and covered the northwest quarter of section 9, township 75, range 35. •i^ls — "-r- -» sl^- ^^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNT F. 821 CHAPTER IX. POLITICAL. In this chapter it is the design to pre- sent all the items of interest connected with the political history of Cass county, the principal issues which occupied the attention of the people duriiig the vari- ous campaigns since the organization of the county, both local and general, so far as it is possible, and following this a com- plete abstract of tiie votes cast at each election, drawn from tlie official sources. There is always a fascinating interest man- ifested in the political history of a Na- tion, State or countiy, and especially is this true in a free land, wiiere, in the eyes of the law, all are upon an equality; where it has been shown that even the humblest — the rail-splitter or the tow- path boy — can attain the highest honor -that can be bestovvod upon an American citizen. We delight to see merit reward- ed; we are pleased with the onward pro- gress of one from the lower walks of life, as step by step he mounts the ladder of fame. Even if we do not reach the high- est pinnacle, ourselves, we may flatter ourselves that our children may attain it, and thus rest happy in the conclusion. There is an excitement about a political campaign which all enjoy, and, although to the disgrace of the party using it, per- sonalities are often indulged in, as a gen- eral thing all yield gracefully to the ver- dict of the people, and submit themselves unto "the powers that be." This is as it should be, and speaks well for the Ameri- can people. It is the intention to sketch, at as much length as space will admit, the issues of each campaign both large and small. As a general thing, the local complexion of every campaign in this county, lias hinged on the comparative merits of the indi- vidual, and, the main or local questions that arise in all communities, only to be lost in the oblivion of years. The Demo- cratic party being in late years particular- ly, in the minority, their chief reliance has been, in all county matters, to join forces with the independent voter, and the disgruntled Republicans, and support- ing either candidates of their own or such as chose to run independent of party lines. Following this resume will be found the abstract of the official vote at every elec- tion, of which record can be found. The first election was held the first Monday in April, 1853, at "Bradshaw's store" at Indiantown as provided by the Act of Assembly. No official record of the election is to be found in any of the county offices; nor are any poll books to be found. The earliest record kept by the county judge, J. W. Benedict, is not to be foundin the county auditor's office, BjV » 1=4 =11^ 322 HISTORY Ot' CASS COUNTY. and as it was not more tlian a bat would accommodate, it is presumed that Bene- dict took it away witli liim when be left the county, a number of years ago. The records of the vote of tlie county, are very incomijlele, and at this late day, it is impossible to obtain any information in regard to it liiat will bear upon its face, any indications of accuracy. Tlie first election of which there is any record upon the books of the county, was that which took place in the month of June, 1858. This was on the question of establishing a general banking law in the State, and on the institution of a State Bank. But one hundred and forty-three ballots were cast in Cass county, the ma- jority being in favor of both measures. The election of 1858, was for State offi- cers, member of congress, judge of the district court, district attorney and others. But little enthusiasm prevaded, and the election passed off quietly. The principal contest was over tlie office of clerk of the district court, E. W. Hen- derson, however, having a majority of 12 over his opponent, A. A. Burnliam, on a final canvass of the votes. In the fall of 1859, there were both State and county officers to be elected, and the contest was sharp in Cass county. Samuel J. Kirkwood was the Republican, and Augustus C. Dodge, the Democratic candidate for governor. Mr. Kirkwood, afterwards known as "Iowa's War Gov- ernor," received a majority of twenty- seven in the county, out of a total vote of 331. Henry Temple, the Republican can- didate for county judge, W. S. Newlon, for county superintendent, Samuel Whis- ler for drainage commissioner, and A. J. Osborn for surveyor, were elected by small majorities, the democrats capturing the other offices of sheriff, and treasurer and recorder. The country was now becoming deeply moved over questions which stirred the popular heart as none had ever done be- fore. The storm which had ijeen gather, ing ever since the repeal of the Missouri Compromise; the struggles in Kansas, had deeply intensified the feeling of the peo- ple of the North, and John Brown's at- tempt upon Harper's Ferry had been skillfully managed, so as to arouse the fury of the people of the South. That the Territories of the United States should be forever consecrated to freedom was the solemn determination of a large ma- jority of the people of the North and that the'bouudaries of the institution of sla- very should not be further enlarged. The South, seeking the perpetuation of the in- stitution of slavery, by means of enlarged political power, determined that its terri- tory should not be restricted, but should be extended. The questions dividing parlies were chiefly sectional, and pointed directly to war. At this stage of public sentiment, the republican party met in national convention at Chicago, for the purpose of placing in the field candidates for the office of president and vice-pres- ident. The names of Seward, Lincoln, Chase, Blair and Bates were proposed for the chief office. In the convention it was plain to see who was the favorite of the lookers-on. Every mention of Lincoln's name was received with cheer after cheer. Three ballots were taken. On tke last, Mr. Lincoln received a m'ajority of the whole number of votes, and was made the ^. JV * IlISTOliY OF CASS COUNTY. 323 unanimous Choice of the convention, amidst the most intense excitement. Han- nibal Hamlin, of Maine, was selected as the candidate for vice-president. The Dtmocratic National Convention met at Cliarleston, Souih Carolina, Aiiril 23, 1861. Tlie friends of Stephen A. Douglas were active in urging liis claims to tiie nomination for the presidency, the delegates from the Norihorri Slates being instructed to use all honoraVjIe means to attain that end. His claims were stoutly contesti'd by the leaders of the democracy of the South,and it was evident sometime before the convention assembled, that it would be difficult to come to an agreement, especially as the rule of the Democratic national conventions required a two-thirds vote to' nominate. The convention re- mained in session ten days, at the expira- tion of which time no nominations were made. After taking fifty-seven ballots, it was found impossible for any candidate to receive a two-thirds vote of the entire body, as many Southern delegates had withdrawn. Afi adjournment to Balti- more, June 19th, was agreed upon. Tlie convention met pursuant to adjournment; but even here no agreement coidd be reached between the factions. After a six day's meeting, Stephen A. Douglas was nominated for president, and Benja- min Fitzpatrick, of Alabama, for vice- president. The nomination of Douglas was received with great enthusiasm in the North. Mr. Fitzpatrick declining, ller- schel V. Johnson, of Georgia, was sub- stituted, add he accepted the nomination. That portion of the Democratic conven- tion which seceded, held a convention, June 23d, and nominated John C. Breck- enridge, of Kentucky, for president, and Joseph Lane, of Oregon, for vice-presi- dent. A "Union" convention was also held, at which John Bt-II, of Tennessee, was nominated for president, and Edward Everett, of Massachusetts, for vice-pres- ident. With four presidential candidates in tlie field, the exciting questions growing out of the institution of slavery, and the threats of secession by a portion of the South, in the event of the election of Lin- coln, tended to make the campaign one of great excitement. "Wide-Awake" clubs, on the part of ibe republicans, and organ- izations of "Hickory Boys" on the part of Douglas democrats, tended to increase the excitement. Large and enthusiastic meetings were held by each party, in all the leading towns and cities throughout the land, and in many of the smaller -vil- lages. The names of the "Kail-Splitter," and tlie "Little-Giant," became house- hold words, and evoked the greatest en- thusiasm. The Republican State Convention of Iowa met in Iowa City,. May 23d, nomin- ated a State ticket, adopted a platform in harmony with the action of the national convention at Chicago, endorsed its nom- inations, and favored rigid economy in State matters. The Democratic conven- tion met at Des Moines, July 12th, nomin- ated a State ticket and passed resolutions endorsing Douglas and Johnson. The "Union" ticket was strongly condemned. In Cass county the feeling ran high, and the contest was warmly fought by both parties. There was but one county officer to be elected — clerk of the courts — consequently there was little to detract ^"^ ^'. k 324 HISTORY OF- CASS COUNTY. from the great national issues. For Pres- ident, Lincoln received a mijorily of twenty-six, and the whole Republican ticket range about the same. The total vote was 308. The candidates for the connty office mentioned were William Judd and David A. Barnett, but this lat- ter hinging on purely local issues, and per- sonal popularity, resulted in the election of the la-tter by a majority of seventeen. The war for, the Union was in progress during the political campaign of- 1861, and issues, growing out of the war, were form- ing. 1 he Republicans were first to meet in convention, assembling at Des Moines in July. They put in nomination a State ticket and adopted a platform heartily sup- porting the government in its assertion of the right to' poerce, denouncing the doc- trine of secession, maintaining the suprem- acy of the Constitution, and declaring in the most forcible language, that the Re- bellion should be put down at any cost. The Democratic State Convention pass- ed resolutions also, unequivocally con- demning tlie action of the seceding States, but declaring it to be the legitimate re-, suits of the teaching of the "irrepressible conflict," and also denying in toto the right of the government to perpetuate the Union by force of arms. State sovereignty was endorsed, and the opposite doctrine declared to be fraught with disastrous consequences. Never, perhaps, in the history of Cass county, was there a more hotly contested election than this. Many of the legal vo- ters were absent in the field and the vote was necessarily liglit, and S. J. Kirkwood, the Republican nominee for the office of Governor, had in this county, a bare ma- jority of one, in a total vote of 343. For merriber of congress, representative and senator in the General Assembly of the State and nearly all of the county offices, the Democrats swept the field in Cass county. The Union army had met with several reverses during the year 1862, and a gloomy feeling pervaded the minds of the people, having its effect upon the canvass for State officers. The Democrats met in convention at Des Moines, and adopted a platform in which they declared in favor of using all constitutional means for the suppression of the rebellion, and opposed to any scheme of confiscation and emanci- pation; opposed to a suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, declaring the supe- riority of the white over the black race, and opposed to the purchase of the slaves. The Republicans, in their platform adopt- ed at Des Moines, resolved that it was the duty of evei-y man to help maintain the government; condemned the course of secession sympathizers, and asked all fa- vorable to giving the national administra- tion honest support, to co-operate with them. In this county the vote wa.s lighter than usual, and the campaign, to a large- extent, devoid of much interest. There were two tickets in the field, a regular Re- publican and a People's. Eviery candi- date on the Republican ticket was elected, receiving a majority of from thirty to forty in a total vote of 178, on the home vote. The Democracy of the State met in'con- vention at Des Moines, the 8th of July, 1863, and nominated a State ticket. Ques- tions growing out of the conduct of the r^ ^k HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 325 war still afforded matter for issue between the parties. The writ of habeas corpus had beeii sus- pended by the President; martial law had been declared in some of the States not in rebellion, and the proclamation of emancipation had been issued. These measures the Democracy in convention and by resolution opposed, while the Re- publican convention, which convened June IVth, favored each. In Cass county the campaign was de- void of interest. There were two tickets in the field, a regular Republican and a People's, and a much larger vote was polled than any time since the presiden- tial election of 1860. The Democrats made no nomination for the office of super- intendent of schools, and G. M. Smith, the sole nominee for that office had the suffrages of both parties. The total vote was about 310. In 1864 Abraham Lincoln was re-nomi- nated by the Republicans; associated with him on the ticket was Andrew Johnson, the Union Governor of Tennessee. The Democrats put in nomination Gen. George 15. McClellan for the presidency, and George H. Pendleton, of Ohio, for the vice-presidency. The Republicans of Iowa held a convention at DesMoines, July 7, and adopted a platform confirm- ing the re-nomination of Abraham Lia' coin, paying high tributes of praise to the loyal soldiers and soldiers' wives who were daily making sacrifices that the Union might be saved. The Democratic State convention met atDes Moines, July 16, selected a State ticket, but adopted no platform. A peace convention, however, was held at Iowa City, August 24, which adopted resolutions denouncing the war and its further support, and rejecting the equality of the negro with the white man. This was the darkest period of the war, and although the feeling was intense, yet it was not manifested so much in the campaign as usual. In Cass county there was no material increase in the vote, which amounted to a total of 342. On all National and State officers the party lines were strictly draw n, the majority of each standing in every case, at fifty-two in favor of the Republican nominee. For clerk of courts, William Waddell had no opposition, and polled one hundred and thirty-seven votes Henry Temple, nominee for recorder, David A Barnett, county judge, and II. Dennison, on the Republican ticket were all elected. The Republicans were first in the field in 1?65, meeting in convention at Des Moines, June 14, nominating a ticket and adopting a platfi.rm. The Union Anti- Negro Suffrage party met at the capital, August 23, and nominated a ticket,, and adopted a platform in which ihey ^dorsed the administration of Andrew Johnson ; that they were opposed to negro suffrage; that the soldiers of the late war deserved well of their countrymen, and that their sympathies weru with them, The Demo- crats met in convention the same day, but made no nominations, the party support- ing the Soldiers' ticket, as it was known. Not much interest was taken in the cam- paign in Cass county, except on local offi- ces. The total'vote polled was three hun- dred and eighty two. Both parties, in local politics, had full tickets in the field. D. A. Barnett was elected county judge ; Wilkins Warwick, treasurer; V. M. Brad- -^1^ 326 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY". sliaw, sheriff; Albert Wakefield, surveyor; i by small majorities ranging from thirteen upwards. The campaign of 1866 was fought on tl.e issue of reconstruction in tlie southern States. The Republicans in convention resolved that the people who subilued the rebellion, and their representatives in Congress, had the right to re-org;inize the States tiiat had been in ihe rebellion. Tliis was denied by some of the Repub- licans and the entire Democratic parly. The conservative Republicans, or those who were opposed to congressional action, met in convention and nominated a State ticket. The Democratic convention adopt- ed a platform, nominated two candidates, and resolved to support the ticket of the conservatives. The Republican Siate offi- cers received a majority of seventy-nine in this county. The Republican county ticket was elected by a trifle larger ma- jority. The total vote was about four hundred. The general issues dividing the parties in 1 SOT were about the same as in 1866. In this county the Republicans were vic- torious. The year 1868 brought with it another presidential campaign. The Republican National Convention met at Chicago, and placed in nomination Ulysses S. Grant, the victorious Union general, associating witii him Schuyler Colfax of Indiana. The Democratic National convention nomi- nated Horatio Seymour and Francis P. Blair, Jr., for president and vice-presi- dent. The financial question began to be a leading issue, especially with reference to the payment of the bonds in coin or greenbacks, the republicans favoring the payment in coin, the democrats opposing. The latter also, by resolutrion, favored the abolition of the national banking system, and the substitution of United States notes for those of national banks. This was opposed by the republicans. 'The campaigns of 1868, ]8V0,and 1871, were devoid of much interest, and were but repetitions of the results of previous years, as a glance at the offioial vote in this chapter will show. In 1872, the movement known as the liberal republican had a large influence, politically, having virtually dictated the democratic nomination for the presidency, and the platform of principles on which the campaign against the Republican party was dictated. The Liberal Republicans were those connected with the Republican party who were opposed to any extreme measure in the reconstruction of the South- ern States, and who believed the time had come when past issues should be for- gotten, and new issues formed; that the hand of reconciliation should be offered the South, and a united country, working together to build up the waste places of the South. Many of the most able men of the Republican party, including Horace Greeley, Charles Sumner, Lyman Trum- bull, John M. Palmer and others, united in this movement. In May, a National Convention was held by the Liberal Re- publicans, in Cincinnati, which nominated Horace Greeley for president and B. Gratz ]?rown for vice-president. The following is a synopsis of the resolutions adopted : 1. Equality of all men before the law; equal and exact justice to all, without re- gard to race, color or previous condition. .r ^ HISTORY OF CASS COLNTY. 327 2. Opposition to the re-openitig of all questions settled by tlie IStli, ]4tli aud 15th araenduients to the constitution. 3. Demand for the immediate and ab- solute removal of all disabilities imposed on account of the rebellion. • 4. Local self-government; supremacy of the civil over the military, and demand for the largest individual liberty consist- ent with public order. 5. Denunciation of the existing sys- tem of civil service. 6, Demand for a system of federal taxation which should not unnecessarily interfere with the industries of the peo- ple; reference of the tariff to the congress- ional districts. I. Demand for civil service reform, and for the election of president for a single term only. 8. Maintenance of public credit and denunciation of repudiation. 9. A speedy return to specie payment. JO. Tlianks to the citizen soldiers and sailors of the republic. II. Opposition to further grants to railroads. 12. Cultivation of friendship with all nations; regarding alike dishonorable, either to demand what is not right or to submit to what is wrong. The Democracy in convention ratified the nomination of Greeley and Brown and adopted the platform of the Liberal Re- publicans. The Republicans re-nomin- ated President Grant, and associated with him on the ticket Henry Wilson, of Massa- chusetts, for vice-president. The dis- affection among the Democrats in conse- quence of the nomination of Horace Greeley, a life-long political enemy, was so great that a third ticket was nomin- ated, at the head of which w,is Charles O'Connor, the distinguished lawyer of New York. The Democrats and Liberal Republicans met in State convention and nominated a ticket composed of two Dem- ocrats and three Liberal Rnpublicans, and passed a resolution endorsing the nomin- ation of Greeley. The Liberal ticket in this county did not meet with much en- couragement, the vote given it being only that number usually polled by the Demo- cratic nominees. The Republican nomi- nee for the presidency, received 998 votes in Cass county, out of a total vote of 1,209. On county officers th emajorities-on the Republican ticket, ranged from 750 to 800. The question of Capitol vs. Labor en- gaged the attention of the people in 1873. The Republican State Convention met at Des Moines .Tune 25, and after nominating candidates, adopted resolu- tions declaring against monopolies, and urging the restriction, by the State and the several States of the powers of the railroads and other corporations. The Democrats made no nominations, but favored the anti monopoly movement gen- eral. A convention was held at Des Moines, August 12th, which nominated candidates and adopted resolutions, in which was denounced the old party or- ganizations as corrupt and no longer use- ful in live issues, and deplored the chi- canery in government affairs. The latter ticket drew quite a vote in this county, having cast 4-27 for the office of governor. The Republicans, for the same office, polled 866. Quite a spirited contest took place in the trial for the position for IV »b?v 328 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. State senator from this, the seventpenth senatorial district, and Lafayette Young, the Republican nominee, was botli,tlirough his party being the dominant one, and his personal popularity, elected with a hand- some majority of 343, over his opponent. In 1 874 the issues were the same as in the previous year, and the anti-monopo- lists made a gallant fight in this State, but were defeated. A convention was called to meet at Des Monies, June 24, 3 87.5, to be com- posed of Democrats, Anti-monopolists and Liberal Republicans. Assembling,a ticket was nominated, headed by bhepherd LefSer, for governor, and a platform of principles adopted, covering the grounds of belief of the three elements repre- sented. The Republicans met in conven- tion and nominated S. J. Kirkwood for governor. A temperance convention was, also h.eld, and Rev. John H. Lozier nomi- nated for governor. The election in 1876 was for National, State and County officers. Rutherford B. Hayes and William A. Wheeler weie the Republican candid.ites for president and vice-president; while Samuel J. Tilden and Thomas A. Hendricks received the nomination of the Democratic party for the same offices. Peter Cooper was the nominee of the Independent party, or Greenbackers, for president. The hard times which began in 1873 had a percept- ible effect upon this campaign. The Democratic party, which for so.me .years had been acting upon the defensive, when not allied with some other politioal body, now assumed the aggressive, and under the banner of "Tilden and Reform," forced the Republicans in the defensive. On the part of the Democrats the cam- paign was boldly conducted. In this State the Greenbackers held two conven- tions, at the first of which they adopted a platform containing their principal tenets. Tlie Republicans adopted as a platform substantially the following points: "Unity of the Nation; 2, econo- my in the administration Of the govern- ment; 3, a currency convertable with coin; 4, all railway and other corporations to be subject to the law-making power. Tlie Democrats adopted but a single reso- lution approving the platform of the Na- tional Democratic Convention and the nomination of Tilden and Hendricks. The Independents, or. Greenbackers, also put in nomination a State ticket. In county affairs there was no special interest attached to the campaign,although both parties had regular tickets in the field. The Republicans were successful by majorities rangitigover 600. The question of erecting a court house, was one of the leading topics of this elec- tion, and owing to local feeling was de- feated by a vote of 2,020 to 606. In 1877 State tickets were nominated by Democrats, Republicans.Greenbackers and Prohibitionists. In Cass county the Republicans were successful by large majorities on all officers except for treas- urer,to which office the Democratic candi- date, John P. Gerbrich was elected by a majority of 31. In 1878 Stale tickets were nominated by Greenbackers, Democrats and Republi- cans. Subsequently a fusion was effected by the Democrats and Greenbackers and a portion of the nominees of each of their State tickets were chosen as the choice of -•At- "»lV ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUN'J'Y. 329 both parties. On the State ticket, Cass county gave the Republicans a majority of about 450. The Republican county officers were also elected without much effort. The question of buying a county poor farm was voted down. The campaign of 1879 was opened May 12, by the Democracy meeting in conven- tion and nominating a State ticket, headed by II. H. Tiimble for governor. Alengthy platform was adopted. The(Treeiibaukers were next in the field, their ticket being headed by Daniel Campbell for governor. The Republicans met and nominated John H. Gear for governor, together with a full State ticket. Lastly, the Prohibitionists met and placed in nomination George T. Carpenter, of Mahaska, for governor. Mr. Carpenter declining, D. R. Dungan, of Eldora, was substituted. The Republi- cans nominated a straight ticket, while the opposition combined upon a "Peo- ple's Slate Ticket," composed of inde- pendent Republicans, Greeubackers and Democrats. There were three tickets in the field for the county offices. Oil. Coomes, of this county, was elected representative; Wil- liam Waddell, treasurer; William Cris- man, auditor; L. F. Mullins, sheriff; R, II. Frost, superintendent of schools, on the Republican ticket. The general campaign for 1880 began quite early,especially among the aspirants for office and their friends. The prelim- inary canvass for the nomination grew quite warra,as both Republicans and Dem- ocrats were alike confident that they would succeed in the national struggle. James A. Garfield received the Republi- can nomination for president. Winfield S. Hancock was chosen to lead the Democ- racy. Gen. James B. Weaver was nomi- nated by the Greeubackers. The canvass was pushed with vigor.the Democratic and Republican parties using their utmost en- deavors to be successful. The national Greenback party, under the lead of Weaver, also endeavored to increase its votes, Mr. Weaver making speeches in more than half the Slates of the Union. The first State convention held in Iowa this year was by the Republicans, at Des Moines, April 7th. 'I'he platfoim adojjied consisted of three resolutions, the first demanding that the candidates nominated at Chicago by the National Republican Convention, should be of national reputation for ability; sec- ond, that James G. Blaine be the choice of the republicans of the State, and third, instructing the delegates to the national convention to vote for Elaine. The Green- backers met at Des Moines, May 11, and adopted a platform re-asserting their de- mands for the abolition of the national banks, the reduction of the army, the lim- itation of Chinese immigration, the reduc- tion of salaries, and the payment of the national debt in greenbacks. The Demo- crats met at Des Moines, September 2, nominated a ticket, and adopted a plat- form endorsing Hancock and English, and the national platform adopted at Cincin- nati. In this county the Republicans car- ried the State ticket by a majority of 735. The entire vote polled was about 3,7.31. On the 21st of December. 1880, a spe- cial election was held in Cass county, on the question of building a court house. The board of supervisors of the county submitted to the qualification of the elec- tors of the county the following questions: ^ ■^ 330 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Shall, or shall we not build a courthouse at Atlantic, Cass county, at an expense not to exceed fifty thousand dollars? Shall the county issue fifty thousand dollars in bonds to pay for the same? Shall a tax of one and one-half mills on the dollar be levied on the taxable properjy of- the county, each year to provide a fund to pay the bonds and provide for the payment of the interest thereon. A strong contest was the result, but the friends of the measure carried it by the handsome ma- jority of 513, in a total vote of 3,481. The election for 1881 Avas for State and county officers, and the three leading par- ties bad tickets in the field. In Cass county, the vote on governor stood: Bu- ren R. Sherman, 1,640; L. G. Kinne, 840; D. M. Clark, 285. William Waddell, county treasurer; William Crisman, audi- tor; L. F. WuUins, sheriff, and R. II. Frost,alI Republicans,were elected to their respective oifices,that political party sweep- ing the field. At the special election of June 27, 1882, on the adoption of an amendment to the State constitution, prohibiting the sale of any intoxicating liquors, including ale, wine and beer within the State, the vote in Cass county stood: For the amend- ment, 1,826; against the amendment, 1,- 728. In 1883, the election was for State and county ofiicers. The contest was a warm one and the vote stood as follows: W. 11. M. Pusey, Democratic candidate for congressman, received 1,493 votes; A. R. Anderson,Republican, 1,417; J. B. llatton, Greenbacker, 475. On county offices the majorities in favorof the regular Republi- can nominees averaged about 315. The campaign of 1888, was probably the best managed by both parties, of any for the last twenty years. The Republi- can State Convention that met at Des Moines, adopted as a leading feature of the platform the prohibition movement, and the enforcement of it. This the Dem- ocratic party took exception to, alleging it a breach of our rights and liberties as freemen. On this issue was the contest. Buren R. Sherman was chosen as the lead- er of the Republican cohorts, while L. G. Kinne, of Tama county, led the Demo- cratic forces. Long and hard was the conflict, but the Republicans gained -the day, by a bare majority in the State. In Cass county the vote on governor stood: B. R. Sherman, Republican, 2,(il8; L. G. Kinne, Democrat, 1,405; J. B. Weaver, Greenbacker, 375. The full Republican ticket, on county officers was also elected. OFFICIAL VOTE. The following is the official vote of Cass county for every general election from 1854 to the present time, so far as could be ascertained from the records in the auditor's office. It will be appreciated as a means of reference: SPECIAT. EI^EOTION OF JUNK 1858. On a Question of a General Banking Law. For 83— 38 Against <5 On a Questinn of a State Banlc of Iowa. For 127— 111 Against; 16 ELECTION, OCTOBER, 1858. Bepresentative in Congress— First Distriet. Samuel R. Curtis, K 174— :3 H. U. Trimble, D 142 Judge District Court, E. H. Sears 175—35 James M. Dens 140 District Attorney.- Samuel Forney 171— 27 K. B. Parrot 144 • I HISTORY OF CASS COUNTF. 331 Member Board nf Education, G. P.KimbaU 159- P. W. Kn'ipp 93 C. B. BriHgfS 45 Suatterinijr 16 Treaswer of State. Jolin W. Jones... Samuel L. Lurah. Scattering 163— UU 8 Secretary of State. Somiiel Douglas 143 Elijah Sells ITO— 27 Auditor of State. Jonathan CattPlI 170- 27 Theodure S. Parvin 144 Attorney General. Samuel A. Rice 172— 29 James L. Elwood 143 Commlsalnner Des Moines Improoement. William C. Drake...; 172— 28 Charles Baldwin 114 Register of Land OSIee. Amos B. Miller 171— 27 James M. Keed : 144 ClerTt of Courts. B. W. Henderson 161— 12 A. A Burnhatn ,. 119 Ore (he Question of Permitting Sheep and Bogs to Bun at Large. For permission 19 Against 230—211 ELECTION, OCTOBER, 1859. Giivemor. Samuel J Klrkwood. U 179— 27 Augustus U. Dodge, D 152 Liautenaut Governor. Nicholas J. Rush, H 181— 40 L.W.Babbet, D 141 Judges of Supreme Court. Ralph P. Lowe, B . . . L. D. Sroolfton, K... Caleb Baldwin, B... ChailHs .Mason, D 180- 179- 179 — IRQ Thomas D. \\ iison, D .... IRQ C. C. Cole. D 150 Representatives— Sixteenth District. James W. Ilrown, B 168— Kiugsley W. Macomber, D '. lei County Judge. Henry Temple, B 1SZ— Samuel L. Lorah, D 151 Sheriff. Lewis Beason, B ,v 149- John Keyes, D .....'. 174— Treasurer and Beicorder. William Waddell, R 171 Isaac Dickcrson, D gH Superintendent Cnmmon Schools. William S. Newlon 180_ Allen P. Drake .....' 150 31 25 40 30 Drainage Commissioner. Samuol Whislcr 175— 20 Thomas J. Byrd 155 Coroner. Dayid Johnson 177— 32 M. M. B. Davis' 145 County Sutveyor. A. J. Osborn 169— 8 F.H.Whitney lei ELECTION, NOTEMBEB, 1860. President. Abraham Lincoln, B 167— 26 S. A. UoujilHS, U. D ia5 J. C. Breekeniidge, S. D 4 John Bell, C '..,,. g Secretary of State. Elijah Sells 167- 29 JohuAI.Corse lau Auditor of State. Jonathan Cattell 167— 29 George W. Maxfleld 138 Register of State. Amos B. Miller 167— 30 PatrickKobb ia7 Attorney General. C. C. Nourse 167- 29 William McLintick 138 Treasurer of State. John M. Jones 168— 11 John W.lillls 157 Judge Supreme Court. George G. Wright ]67— 29 Daniel F. Millur 133 Member Board of Education. R. H.BidlcbauKh 137 Dexter C. Bloomer 163— 26 Clerfc of Courts. William Judd 113 David A. Barnett 160— 17 Member Cougress— First Disti-ict. C. C. Cole, D i:>9 Samuel B. Curtis, B 169— 30 ELECTION, OCTOBER, 1861. G':Vernor. S. J.Kirkwood, B 172— 1 William M. Merritt, D '...'..11'.'. 171 Lieutenant Governor. Johii R. Needham, E ]69 Lauren Dewey, D 174— 5 Judge Supreme Court. Ralph P. Lowe 177 o J. ll. Elwood 1 175 Member Congress. James F. Wilson, 11 170 J. E.Neal.D 172— 3 Senator— Thirty-first District. .Tames Redfltld 166 L.D.Burns 171— 5 ^^ Is '4 •k 332 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. BepresentaUoea— Sixty-first Disitrict. Colllna Marshall, R WH SamuelL. Lorah, D 194— 45 Treasurer and Recorder. L. L. AlPxander, R ]31 Isaac Djckerson, D 216— 95 SheHff. H. S. Ca-y 129 JohaKeyes 2u6- County Judge. C. D. Newlon 165 Andrew Irwin 174— 77 Svperlntendent Schools. E. M.Hall.. J. S. Hand Drainage Commissioner. J. S. Hawortli. T. J. Byrd 157 157 ]71 171 Surveyor. E. W. Bavenport 171—161 F. H. Whitney 7 Cnroner. E. N. Everett 165 A. H. Caywood 176— 11 SPECIAL ELttCTION, MARCH, 1863. On the Question of Ratifying the Contract with the American Emigrant Company. For Contract 17.5— 75 Against Contract ICO ELECTION, OCTOBER, 1802. Secretary of State. James Wright '. 156- 34 Richard H. Sylvester 122 Auditor of State. J.W.CRttell 156— 34 John Brown : 123 Treasurer of State. W.H.ITolmes 142— 5 S.L Lorah 137 Register of State Land Office. Josiah A. Harvey l.^— 33 Frederick H. Gittsphalk 123 Jlfem&er Congress— Fifth District. John A. KasBon, R 163— 47 D. O. Finch, D 116 Judge District Court. James G. Day... Samuel CUnton. 152- 25 127 District Attorney. Charles E. Vfillard 152- 26 R. G. Parrott 126 Attorney General. Cleric of Court. William Waddell 147— R.C.Gordon 123 Coroner. H.A.Baker :.. 157— T.J.Byrd 120 Superintendent of Schools. C.W.Hall George M. Smith 93 CharlPS C. Nourse. Benton G. Hall.... 156- 122 34 County Judge. E.B.Ben 171— 74 George M. Elsey 97 E. n. Boll ... G. M. Elsey. William Waddell. R. C. Gordon ... BOLDIEBS' VOTE. County Judge. Clerk of Courts. Superintendent of Schools. B.W.Hall Gao. M. Smith 20 20 36- 24 19 22- Coroner. H. A. Baker. T. S. Byrd... 1 20— 19 ELECTION. OCTOBER, 1803. Governor. Wm. M Stone 194- 81 JamesM. Tuttle 113 Lieutenant Governor. Enoch W. Eastman 195— 91 John P. Duucombe 104 Judge of Supreme Court. John F. Dillon 194— 86 Charles Mason 108 Senator.— Eighth District. Lewis W. Ross 192- 83 Samuel Clinton 109 Representative. -Sixty-fourth District. E, B.Fenn 189— 71 Samuel L. Lorah 118 County Judge. B.B.Bell 220—106 James W. Brown 114 Treasurer and Recorder. R. D. McGeehon, R 155 Isaac Dickerson, J) 178— 23 Sheriff. G. T. Chizum. G. Heblng 3— 115 108 Surveyor. F.H.Whitney 224— J.Hodges -ifW 1 B. W. Davenport j 13 G. M. Smith. 4' Supertrmetident of Sch/ioU Corona. 305 Morriq HoWitt 217- JamesJarvis 118 210 99 :i^ ^ 4 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 333 Drainage Commissioner. M. M. Edwards 219—208 C.S. Newlon U ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1864. President. Abraham Uncnln 180— 62 George B. McClellan 138 Secretary of State. JamPsWrieht 180— B2 James H. Wallace 128 Treasurer of State. William H. Holmes 180— 52 J. B. Lash 128 Auditor of State. John A Elliott 180— 52 E. C. Hendershott 128 Register of State Land Office. Josiah A. Harvey 180— 52 B. D. Holbrook 128 Attorney Oerwral. Isaac R.Allen 180— 52 Charles M. Dunbar 128 Judge of Supreme Court. C.C.Colo 180— 52 T. M.MoniOe 128 District Attorney. Hii(?h W. Maxwell 180— 52 William thillips 128 Member of Congress .—Fifth District. John A. Kasson 180— 52 M. D. McHeury Hi Clerk of Cowrts. William Waddell 237 County Recorder. Henry Tpmple 205— 65 Jnmps W. 'irown 137 Henry Bennisoa 3 County Judge. David A.Barnett 208— 73 Thomas a. Chapel 135 Coroner. Henry Dennison 219 ELECTION, OCTOBER, 1865. Oovemor. William M. Stone 203— 32 Gen. T. H. Benton, Jr 171 Lieutenant Oovemor. B. F. Quo 210— 42 W. W. Hamllto.i 168 Judge of Supreme Court. George E. Wria-ht 299— 41 Col. H. H.Trimble h- 168 Superintendent of Pua^^natruction. OrnnFiville ^Bt 210— 43 J. W. Senuett .T J67 Representative.— Sixty-fifth, District. A. L. McPhrrson 203— 24 John C. Connor 179 County Judge. D. A. Barnett 185— 34 Isaac Diokerson 151 Treasurer. Wilkins Warwick 217— 56 Samuel L. Lorah 16] Sheriff. Victor M. Bradshaw 190— 13 James S. Barnett 176 G.I. Chizum 1 Surveyor. Albert Wakefield 230— 95 John Tate 127 F. H. Whitney 8 Sv/perintendent of Scliools. H.G.Smith 225 Coroner. John Woodward 154—114 F.H.Whitney 22 David Johnson 18 Drainage Commissioner. F.H.Whitney 22— 3 C. Gleason 19 ELECTION, OCTOBER, 1866. Secretary of State: E. D.Wrig-ht 239— 79 S.G.VanAnda 160 Treasurer of State. Samuel B . Kankin 239— 79 George A. Stone 160 Register of State Land Office. C. C. Carpenter 239— 79 Line P. McKinnie 160 Attorney General. F. B. BisseU 239— 79 W. Balllnger leo Reporter of Court. A Ibert A Stoddard 160 E. H. Styles 239— 79 ClerTt of Supreme Court. Charles Linderman 239— 79 Frederick Gottsohalk ]60 District Judge. Hugh W. Mnxwell 239— 79 William Phillips leo District Attorney. S.D.Nichols 236— 76 J. E. Williams leo Member of Congress.— Fifth District. G.M.Dodge 236_ rg J.M. Tuttle 160 Clerk of Court. William Waddell 252— 113 JohnC. Cannon 139 County Recorder. HenryTemple 215^ 45 James W. Brown 170 Surveyor. Thomas J. Jordan 21O— 40 F.H. Whitney 170 1^ 22 ^- ..< 9- 334 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. H. Drainage Commissioner. RO.Hoyt 239- 79 William Trailer 160 Coroner. James A. Edwards 239— 88 David Johason 151 ELECTION, OCTOBER, 1867. Govei-nor. Samupl Merrill, R 303— 112 Charles Mason, D 190 N. B. Baker, X 1 Lieutenant Oovemor. JohnScott, H 304—114 n. M. Harris, J) 189 F.H.Benton 1 Supreme JiiAge. Jceph M. Beck, R 305—115 Johu H. Craig, D 190 Attorney General. Henry O'Connor, K 30^— 112 W. F. Baker, D 191 Superintendent of Public Instruction. D. Franklin Wells, tt 305—115 M. L. Fbher, D./ 190 Superintendent of Piiblie Instruction to Ml Vacancy. D.Franklin Wells, K 293 State Senator—Ninth District. A. R. Anderson, R. 301—107 J, P. Casady, D 194 Representative— Sixty-sia:th District. G. F. Kilburn,R 300— 105 J. W.Browa, D 195 County Judge. L.L. Alexander 309—124 James H. Coe 185 Treasurer. Wilkins Warwick 834—178 S. M. Childs 156 Sheriff. V M. Braflahaw 286- 80 Frank Hunt : 206 Surveyor. Albert Wakefield 303— 118 H. G. Cotton 180 Superintendent of Schools. H.G.Smith 288— 88 Brenton Hughs 198 Scattering 3 Coroner. Oliver Mills 303—113 8. S. Greene 189 Drainage Commissioner. H.Littlefleld 300- HI J.C. Yetzer : 189 ELECTION, OCTOBEB, 1869. Governor. George Gillespie 336 SamuelMerriU 564-228 Lieutenant Governor. A. P Richardson 3.98 Madison M. Walden 582—224 Representative— Twentieth District. W. W. Merrtt 526—171 R.G.Phelps 353 Supreme Judge. William F. Brannon 337 John F. Dillon 563—226 Superintendent of Public Instruction. Abrahnm T Kissell 599—248 H.A.Daytou 351 Superintendent of Public Instruction, to fill Vacancy. Abraham T. Kissell 137— 66 H.A. Dayion 71 County Treasurer. WilkiDS Warwick 600—302 J. C. Cannon 298 Auditor. L. L. Alexander 656—215 Samuel L. Lorah 341 SheHff. Alfred Boville 333 JamesS. Barnett 539—206 Swveyor. William Waddell 663— 440 H.G Graham 3;i Albert Wakefield 1 Coroner. John W. Montgomery 552— 220 Charles Wyncoop 332 Superintendent of Schnols. E.D. Hawes , 538—189 L. L DcLano 348 George S.Montgomery 1 On Be-Iocatiflji of County Seat at Atlantie. Por Atlantic 518- 243 Against 275 EliECIION, OCTOBER, 1870. Secretaryjif State. Ed. Wright, H 615—332 Charles Doerr, D 283 Auditor of State. JohnRussell 615-328 W.W. Garner 287 Treasurer of State. Samuel E.Kankin ^JS" ^ William C. James ; 283 Register of State Land Office. Aaron Brown *. 616 — 332 D. F.- Ellsworth 284 Attorney General. Henry O'Connor 589— 330 Hugh M. Martin 259 Reporter of Court. E.H.Styles.; 317-174 Calvin H.Bane.... 143 i> y jM« k. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 335 ^K Clerk of Supreme Court. ChnrlPB L'nflermHn 617— 333 William MuLeucian 284 On the Question for a Convention to Revise and Amend the Constitution. For prnnoBlHon Wl Against proposition 375—198 Supreme Judge. r.C. Cole 613—330 J. C. Knapp 283 Supreme Judge, to fill Vaeaney. « William B. Miller 615— 331 Reuben Noble 284 J;iinii3 G. Day 6! 6— 333 P. H. Smytne 283 Member of Congress— Fifth District. Francis W. Palmer 607— 326 B. F. Montgomery 281 H. W. Maxwell. District Judje. r.n. Gafh .... F. H. Whitney.. District Attorney. Cle:k of Court. J. K. Powers S. W. W. Straight. H. B. Bacon H. J. Carenaugh. bcaiterlng County Recorder. William Wafliiell. W, W. Jameson... Andrew Teal S. li. Lnrah , S. S. Green. L. O.HelnIg Supervisors. For Against. Stock Act of 1868. Prohibition Act. For Against. . ELECTION, OCTOBER, 1871. Governor. C. C. f'arpenter J. C. Knapp .] Lieutenant Governor. H. C. Palis. M. M. Ham. Supreme Judge. James G. Day , John F. Buncombe. E. M. Munn 616 818— 516 2 634— 390 244 585- 273 310 2 5?0— 207 51.5- 262 528- 236 313 2.'i3 292 40!)— 96 313 367— 102 265 847— 506 341 847- 506 341 848- 507 Superintendent Public Instruction. Alonzo Ahernathy. E. M. Munn J. F. Dunoombe... 849— 508 District Attorney. JosiahGiven 848 Representative— Twentieth District. Oliver Mills 818—769 John K^^.ves 35 William -Richardson 4 S. L. Lorah 10 County Treasurer. Wilkins Warwick 095—991 Scattering 4 Auditor. L. L. Alexander 487 William Gardner 654—166 Scattering l Superintendent of Schools. E. D. Hawes 888— 884 Scattering i Sheriff. E. B.Her'-e'-t.... 618— 55 James S. Barnett 563 Supervisor. H. G. Van Vl»ck 888- 885 Scattering 3 Surveyor. IraL. Dudley 872—856 Scattering 16 ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1872. President. U.S. Grant, B 998—697 Honice Gieele.v, D 231 Peter CO' 'per, G 50 Charles O'Connor, M. D 20 Secretary of State. '' E. A. Gnilhert, L 249 Charles Baker, D 51 Josiah Young, B 1008— 708 Auditor of State. JohnRnssell, R 1008—706 E. A. Guilbert, L 302 Treasurer of State. M. J. Rohlf", L 248 William Christy, K 1008—709 D. B. Beers, D 61 Register of State Land Offlce. AaronBrown, R 1008—709 Jacob Butler L 248 DavH Sherwood, D 48 Scattering 3 Attorney General. M. E. Cuf^s. R 971— 625 A. G. Case, L 296 Scattering (,0 Attorney General, to fill Vacancy. M. B. Cutts 827—788 Scattering 39 Member of Congress— Eighth District. .Tames W. McDill 1004—741 W W. Merritt 262 J.F. Hanna l Ip^ 'l^ 336 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. DMriet Judge. J. K. Heed 999—745 J.T.Hanna 241 Scattering 13 Circuit Judge. T.H.Stockton 1009—755 E. E. Aylesworth 254 District Attorney. H.K. MoJunkin 1007—753 G. L. Wright 254 Clerk of Court. J. K. Powers 1008—779 H.T.Sharp 239 County Recorder. H.E.Bacon 1013—739 L.L. DeLano 274 Surveyor. Samuel Harlan 1008 Swperciaor. HomerL. Darnell 910—557 Lewis Season 352 r. H. Whitney 1 On the Question of Toting a Court Honse Tax of One per cent. For tax 439 Againsttax 739—300 ELECTION, OCTOBER, 1873. Oovernor. C. C. Carpenter, R 866—429 J.B.Vale, A. M 437 Lieutenant Governor. Joseph Dysart, K 866—489 C. E. Whiting, A. M 427 Supreme Judge. J.M.Beok, K 865—439 B.J. Hall 426 Superintendent of Public Instruction. Alonzo Abernatby, H 867-441 D. W. Prindle, A. M 426 Senator— Seventeenth District. Lafayette Young, E 818—343 S. L.Lorah, D 471 S. E. Huse, 1 4 Representative— Twenty-first District. W. H.Easton, B 857—415 James Eany, 1 442 County Auditor. William Gardner 878— 482 WllliamH. Bailey 396 Treasurer. Wjlklns Warwick 8«3— 474 J. P. Gerberich , 408 Lafayette Young 1 Sheriff. J.S.Pressnall 690—129 J S.Barnett -■ --- 560 Scattering.. 1 Surveyor. SamuelHarlan 855—444 H.J.Graham 411 Superintendent of Schools. K.D.Hawes 640— 60 S fi. Manning 580 Coroner. D.H.Stafford 846-424 J. W. Winslow 422 Supervisor. E.E.Herbert 827—395 John H. Lowman 430 i*. J. Graham 1 William Gardner 1 ELECTION, OCTOBER, 1874. Secretary of State. JosiahYoung 1027— 477 DaiidMorgan 650 Auditor of State. Buren B. Sherman 1025— 465 JosephM.King 557 Treasurer of State. William Christy 1024—464 Henry C. Hargis 660 Register of State Land Office. DavidSecor 1026—470 B. H. Hhudearmel 556 Attorney-Oeneral. M. E. Outts 1022-462 John M. Keatley 560 Clerk of Supreme Court. Edward J. Holmes 1028-474 George W. Ball 554 Reporter of Supreme Cov/rt. John S. Eunnels 1026-472 J.M. Weart 554 Members of Congress, Eighth District. James W.MoDill 1036—480 AnsonHood 546 Clerk of Courts. H.E. Bacon 862—150 S. W. W. Straight 712 County Recorder. Frank Ayleseworth 1043— 507 W.A.Kennedy 536 Supervisor. E.J. Shields 953—370 A.H.Smith 583 Supervisor to fiU vaca/ncy. M. J. Stearns 971—415 W. A. Hosier 556 On the question df restraining Stock from running at large. lor Restraint 688—162 Against Restraint 526 On the question of Restraining Stock from running at large between sun rise and sun set. For Restraint 805—649 Against Bestralnt :. 156 ^i<3 — -■ r *ifc HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 337 On the ijueitinn of restrMnIng Stock from running at large fromflrsl of October to first of May. For Restraint 569—309 Against Restraint 260 On tM question of increasing Supervisors to five in number. Forlnorease 717—283 Against increase 434 ELECTION, NOVEMBEB, 1876. President. R. B. Hayes, R 1876— 836 S. J.Tilden, D 979 Peter Cooper, G 61 Seereta/ry of State. Josiah T. Young 1879-839 John H. Stuljenrauoh 983 A. Maoready 57 Auditor of State. BurenR. Sherman 1878—837 Wiliiarn Groneweg 984 LeonardBrown 57 Treasurer of State. GeorgeW Bemis 1878—836 Wesley Jones 9iJ5 George (J. Fry 57 Register of State Land Office. DavldSeoor 1878—837 N. C. Ridenhour 984 George M. Walker 57 Attorney-General. JohnF. MoJunkln 1878— 900 J. C. Couk 978 Supreme Judge. ■William H. Seevers 1877—834 Walter I. Hayes :. 986 Charles Negus -. 57 Supreme Judges, to ftU vacancies. William H. Seeyers 1877—834 Walter E. Hayes 9S7 Charles ^feg'l 8 , 57 James H. Rathrock 1876— 831 William Graham 985 Superintendent Puhlia Instruction. CarlW. vonCoelln 2863—2805 Rev. A. Nash 68 Member of Oonjress—ElgMh District. WiUiamF. Sapp 1840—766 Lemuel K Bolter 1072 Scattering 2 District Judge. J. R. Reed 2890 Circuit Judge. C. F. Loofbourow 1663—508 E. E. .Aylesworth 1150 Scattering 5 District Attorney. A. R. Anderson 1405 R.G.Phelps 1439— 31 Scattering 3 Clerk of Court. Thomas B. Wallace 1800— 714 S. W. W. Straight 1076 Scattering 10 Becorder. Frank Ayles worth 1760—616 James S. Barnett 1134 Sciittering 10 Superuisor, Second District. J.H.Vinson 290— 80 WilliamAltig 310 On the Question of building a Court House. For Erection 606 Against Erection 2020—1414 On the Question of issuing $30,000 County Bonds to (lid in building a Court Bouse. ForlsBunnce 58.") Against Issuance IHKJ— 1378 On the Question of levying one mill on the dollar, in addition to the usual tax, to pay interest on Bonds and and provide a Fund for tlieir payment at maturity. For tax ,596 Against tax 1954—1358 ELECTION, OCTOBER, 1877. Oovemor. JohnH. Gear, R '. 1592— 607 John P. Iiish, D 839 EliasJessup 30 D. P. Stubbs 116 Lieutenant Oovemor. Frank T. Campbell 1630—680 W. C James 845 ^. McCrady 104 F.Nelson l Supreme Judge . .Tiinos B. Diy 1630—708 H.B.J. Boirdman 808 John Porter m Superintendent PuMic Instruction, C. w. vonCoPlln 1692—770 (i. W.CullisoD 812 S.T.Ballard 119 Senator, Eighteenth District. Lafayette Young 1668—1332 W. Y Small 167 S. L. Lorah 148 Scattering 21 Representative, Twenty-Third District. OllConmea 1630—708 J. L. Byrd 816 Enoch Marsh 102 Scattering 4 County Treasurer. William Gardner ' 1263 JohnB. Gerberich , 1294— 31 Auditor. William Crlsman 1301— 43 B. MoGrew 1259 Jik 338 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Sheriff. J.S.Pressnall 1733—953 W.H.Sandrrs 776 Bcattering 5 Superintendent of Schools. H. A.Disbrow 1655—1608 E.D.Ha«es 21 tr. B. Montgumery 15 Scattering: 11 Coroner. B. A. Wilder 1651—1616 P.T Stafford 2t Sjoatteiinij 11 Surveyor. C. E. Townsend 3462— 403 H.J.Graham 1054 Samuel Harlaa 14 Scattering • 2 Supervisor, First District. J.P.James 258— 9 J. B. McXJermott 249 Supervisor, Fourth District. E.J. Shields 246 M.J.Wood 1 T.J. Alien 268- 21 ELECTION. OCTOBER, 1878. Secretaiy of State. J. A.T. Hull 1593—478 B. M. FHrnaworth 1178 G. V. Swearingen 35 G. v. Kutherfoid 2 Treasurer of State. George W. Bemis -. 1592—413 M. L. Hevin 1180 Bsgister of State Land Office. J.K. Powers 1726—691 M. Farrington 10J5 Attorney General. .Tohi F. McJunkin 1691—413 John Gibbon 1141 C. H. Jackson 35 Scattering 2 Supreme Judge. Joseph C. Knapp 1173 James H. Rothrock 1591— 417 Scattering 1 Clerk, Supreme Court. Edward J. Holmes 1593— 416 Alex. Bunyon 1177 Reporter, Supreme Court. John S. Eiinnplls 1597—421 JohnB. Elliott 1139 G. W. Kutherford 37 Memher of Congress, Eighth District. William F. Sapp '. 1578—174 John H Kcatlev 678 George H. H.cks 526 Clerk of Courts. T. R. Wallnce 1836-506 E. W. B (ikpslfiy 9.59 James Jorelan 172 County Recorder. Walter B. Temple '. 17 '3— 791 Brinten Hughs 970 Ecatteiiug 2 Supervisor, Third District. D.P. Hawks 521 Supervisor, Fifih District. William Cool 194 2 A.D.Miller 192 On the Question of purchasing Real Estate for a County Poor Farm. Forpurchase 522 Against 1176— 652 On the Question of levying a tax of one and a half mills on the diiUar to aid in the purchase of Real Eslatefur county Poor Farm. For tax 512 Against 1147—635 ELECTION. OCTOBER, 1879. Gouernor. .lohnH. Gear 1907—697 H. H. Trimble vm Daniel Campbell 360 Lieutenant Governor. FrankT. Campbell 1917— 613 J. A. Yeoman 949 M. H. Moore 355 Supreme Judge. Joseph M. Beck 1914— 608 Keuhen Noble 9.52 M.H.Jones 354 Superiiifendent Public Instruction. CarlW. vonCoellu 1919—619 Edwin Daker 942 J.A.Nash 358 Bepresenfatiue, Twenty-Third District. OUCoome^ 1.556— 167p R G I'helps 1389 W.H.Disbrow : 229 County Treasurer. William Waddell 1 985— 78 JamPsB. MoDermott 1195 S. M. Childs - 1 ..luditor. William Crisman 1946—789 .AUnSmiih 926 C. Liudeiman 331 Sheriff. L.F. Mullins , 1666- 112 norsey McGrew 1310 B. 0. Brooks 244 Superintendent of Schools. R.H. Frost t 212.5—1454 Katie Bolirer - 666 Scattering 6 Surveyor. C. E. Town send. H. J. Graham 1923— 928 926 Coroner. B. A. Wilder 1909—1585 Timothy Hicks...; 3U Scatiering 13 *%^ s «> k» HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 839 Supervisor, Second District. JohnE.Balley 297-110 D W. Smait 186 William Waddell 1 ELECTION KOVEMBEB, 1880. President. Jnmes A. Garflpid, R 2?32— 733 Winfleld S. Hancock, D 1179 ■lames B. Weaver, G 314 NenlDow, P 5 Scatterins: 1 Auditor of State. William V. Lucas. K 2233—732 Charl B T. Baser, D 1174 G. V. Swearengen, G 321 S.B. Story, P 5 Treasurer of State. B. H. Cone-er, R 2232— 735 Martin Blim,' D 1171 Mai'hew Farrington, G 321 G. P. Loomis, P 5 Register of State Land Office 3. K. Powers, R 2223— 741 D. Daugherty, U 1165 T. Hooter, U 319 M. S. Drury, P 5 Attorney Beneral. Smllli McPherson, R 2232— 732 Charles A. Clark. D 1174 W. A. Spurrier, G 321 William Wolf, P 6 Circuit Judge. C. F. Toofbourow 2232—827 T. W. Ivory. 1I66, James Vincent ji49 District Judge. J. R. Heed 2230- 812 G.L.Wright 1172 A.P.Jackson 246 District Attorney. S. P. Connor 22.15— 814 J F.Tipton 1174 W. H.Miller 243 W.H. Willis 5 Member of Congress, EigMh District. W.P.Hepburn 2199—676 Robert Pe cival nil H. C. Ayres 411 Scattering 1 On the Question of a Constitutional Convention. For Convention 938—630 Against 308 On the Question of a Constitutional Amendment. Ft Amendment 1157— 719 Against 438 Cleifc of Courts. ThomasR. Wallace 2*74—837 John R. Reynolds, Jr 1145 JohnF. Lewis 292 County Recorder. W.B. Temple ... 2274-854 Tbomps Malone. Jr II27 L. L. Langwoithy | 293 Supervisor, First District. D.C. Kellogg' 412— 8 W. T. Smithers 406 Supervisor, Fourth District. J.M.Baxter B18— 224 James Mutnan 130 C W. KoPadden 163 Scattering 1 8PECIAI, ELECTION. DECEMBER 21, 1880. On the Question of Erecting a Court Bouse, Not to Exceed Fittv Thousand Dollars. For Court house 1997- B!3 ^gainst 1484 On the Question of Issuing Court House Bonds. For Bonds 1997- 513 Against 1484 On the Question of Levying One a/nd a Half MiU Tax for Sinking Fund. ForTax '. 1997— 513 Against 1484 ELECTION OCTOBER, 1881. Gouernor, Buren R. Sherman, B 1640—515 L. G. Kinne, D 840 D, M. Clark 285 Scattering 1 Lieutenant Governor. O. H. Manning 1638— 520 J. M. Walker 840 J. M Holland 277 Scatterins: i Supreme Judge. Austin Adams 1649-629 H. B. Hendui'Shott 844 \V. W. Willittmson 275 icatterinff i Superintendent Public Instruction. J. W. Akers 1644 549 W. H. Butler 820 vlrs A.M.Swaim 274 Scattering 1 Senator, Eiohteenth District. C. B. Hunt 1652—1115 Henry Evans B37 Representative, Twenty-third District. William Baughman ]231-B9p. J. M. Emmert 1232 Henry McElflah 178 County Treasurer. Wi'Iiam Waddell 180"- 1342 T. T Lewis 449 Scattering u .4i:dttor. William Crisman 1605—1816 W.H.Sanders 487 Sheriff. L. F. MuUins 187 Robert Shields 649 Scattering 3 Superintendent nf Schools. R.H.Frost 3805—3804 Scattering 1 Surveyor. T.J. Townsend 2125—453 H.Jacobs 1666 Scattering 6 Coroner. W.C.Egan 2:191-093 V. D.Rood 1398 Supervisor— First District. William Christie. Jr 467—146 J. B. MoDermolt 321 Supei^isor— Fourth District, S. W. Garvin 460 —29 E. A. Baer 324 L. Garloch 107 '*^'&- ^=f* a li^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 341 CHAPTER X NATIONAL, STATE AND COUNTY REPRESENTATION. While unworthy men, at all times, may force themselves into office, it cannot but be acknowledged that the great body of office-holders of the country are truly rep- resentative men — men of positive force "and character. "J'hey are of the number that build up and strengthen a town, a county, or a state. In tliis chapter, so far as possible, is given sketches of all who have served Cass county in the Nation, State or county. Some of these are quite imperfect, but it is not the fault of the historian that they are not more complete. Some of the parties have passed away, leaving no record from which a sketch could be written, while others have left the country, and their present places of residence are unknown. CONGEKSSIOJTAL. When the county of Cass was organized, in April, 1853, there were but two Con- gressional districts in the State of Iowa, and this county was attached to the first, then represented in the council of the nation by Bernhart Henn, of Fairfield, who had taken his place in that body in 1851, and had been re-elected in 1853. He served through the Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses. In the Thirty-fourth Congress the dis- trict was represented by Augustus Hall, a resident of Keosauqua, VanBuren county, who served through that term only. In the Thirty-fifth Congress, Samuel R. Curtis was the representative of the first district of Iowa, of which Cass county still continued a part. He was elected in 1857, and was re-elected in 1869, and again in 1861, but he resigned during the latter term, to accept a commission in the service of the Government, in the army. Hon. Samuel R. Curtis was born in New York State while his parents were on their way west. He, however, claims to be a native of Licking county, Ohio, the place of his parents' setllement The date of his birth was February 3, 1807. He was educated at the common schools and at West Point, from the latter of which he graduated in 1831. In 1832 he commenced 'the study of law in Ohio, which profession he practiced until the breaking out of the Mexican war, at which time he held the position of adju- tant general of Ohio. Resigning this, he became the colonel of the Third Oliio regiment, and saw considerable service under General Taylor, in the land of chaparal and "Greasers." Shortly after the close of tliat war he came to Iowa, locating at Keokuk. In 1856 he was elected member of Con- gress from the first district, and re-elected Al T® — 1>- 4 fJiL 342 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. as above mentioned. At tlie beginning of the war of the Rebellion, be raised the Second Regiment of Iowa Infantry, and entered tbe service as its colonel. Abili- ties such as his soon raised him to the ranks of brigadier and major general. For his gallant conduct and skillful gen- eralship at tbe battle of Pea Ridge, he won immortal renown as one of the noted leaders of the Union army in the troubled times of 1861-18G5. In 1861, James F. Wilson was elected to "fill the vacancy occasioned by the resig- nation of Samuel R. Curtis, and served in the Thirty-seventh Congi-ess as the repre- rentative of the people in this locality. By the cenpus of 1860, Iowa was, by a new apportionment act passed in 186y, entitled to six representatives in Con- gress, and the State was re-districted, and Cass county placed in the fifth district. At the October election of 1862, John A. Kasson was elected to represent the sec- tion of the State embraced in that dis- trict, and served in the Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Congresses. He was a na- tive of Vermont, having been born in that State in the town of Charlotte, on the east side of Lake Champlain, .January 11, 1822. His life is an exhibition of energy and self-reliance triumphing over adverse circumstances, scarcely paralleled even in the west, the land of self-made men. His father dying when John was but six years of age, the young statesman was early in life brought face to face with the world, and his struggles commenced from that tender age. He received his primary education at the common schools of his native place, and, after considerable pre- paration, entered the State Univei'.' HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 347 twentieth representative district, and served byW. W. Merritt, of Red Oak. Madison, Adair and Cass counties made the senatorial district of the Four- teentli General Assembly, which met at at Des Moines, in January, 18T3, and B. F. Murray, of Madison, was the sena- tor. The twentieth representative dis- trict was composed of Cass, Adair and Montgomery counties, and Oliver Mills, of Cass, was the representative. Oliver Mills was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, February 2, 1821, and is the son of Harlow and Aiihan Mills. He was reared in that State, arid educated in the common schools and Farmington Acad- emy. In 1850 he went to Denmark, Lee county, Iowa, and in the spring of 1857 removed to Cass county. He located near Lewis, and entered into the stock business, and brought what he claims was tlie first herd of Siiorlhorn pedigree. cattle into the county. He has been engaged in the stock business since that time. He was elected in the fall of 1872 as representa- tive in the Legislature, serving one terra. He was a director in the State Agricul- tural Society for its first twenty, and was president of it three successive years. He was one of the trustees who located the State Agricultural College at Ames. He was married in Ashtabula county, Ohio, to Miss Sophia Arnold, a native of New York. They had six children, five of whom are living. Their names are": Ed- ward P., Anna L., Sophia E., George and Frank. Their son John A. died October 2, 1869. He was well and favorably known in the county. Mr. Mills was mar- ried a second time April 27, ]876, to Julia Forgy. The Fifteenth General Assembly was convened at Des Moines, January 12, 1874, and adjourned March 19, the same year. The seventeenth senatorial district, com- posed of the counties of Cass, Adair, Union and Adams, was well represented by Lafayette Young, in the Senate. W. H. Fasten, of Adair, was the representa- tive in the House. A sketch of Mr. Young appears in con- nection with the account of the AUantie Telegraph, in the Press chapter, he being the editor and proprietor of that progress- ive journal. William IT. Easton, a son of John and Ruth (Twickelle) Easton, is a native of Oswego county. New York, born Novem- ber 17, 1833. He tnoved with his parents to Peoria, Illinois, in 1837, where he was married in 1854 to Mary J. Tliurston, a daughter of Jesse Thurston. They have been blessed with eight children— Mary Emma, Ella May, Ruth Caroline, Nathan- iel Lyon, J. Scott, Williim H., Edwin S and Adeline. In May, 1855, Mr. Easton entered four hundred and forty acres of prairie land in Jefferson township, Adair county, Iowa, and bought seventy acres of timber land of G. M. Haladay, on sec- tion 4, Grove township, of the same coun- ty. He returned to Peoria, Illinois, and in October of the same year moved his family to his land, spending the winter in a log cabin, which is now standing on the farm of Andrew Dickey. He built a log cabin on what is now his present location in Jefferson township, Adair county, and there lived until 1882, when he erected his new dwelling. He now owns four hundred acres of good cultivated land, and ten acres of timber land, which is of if 848 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. great value. He is a general farmer and stock raiser, having some line Short horn cattle. Mr. Easton has held every town- ship office, and helped make the first as- sessment, while in the assessor's office, and was the second representative from this district, having been elected in the fall of 1873. The Sixteenth General Assembly con- vened at Des Moines, in January, 18T6. In the Senate, Lafayette Young still con- tinued to represent this district. M. K. Campbell, of Shelby county, served the people in the House. The Seventeenth General Assembly met in January, 1878, at the State Capital. The eighteenth senatorial district, com- posed of Cass, Madison and Adair coun- ties, was again represented in the Senate by Lafayette Young, who was re-elected in October, 1877, for another term. By the new appo»tionment of the State, made by the Sixteenth General Assembly, Cass county was made a separate representa- tive district, and numbered the twenty- third. It was represented by Oil. Coomes. Oliver Coomes was born in Licking county, Ohio, August 26, 1845. When eleven years of age he removed with his parents to Iowa, and settled .in Jasper county. At that time the country was new, and all underwent the hardships in- cident to pioneer life on the prairies of the great west. He attended district school in winter and worked on the farm and in his fath- er's pottery during the summer. In the winter of 1865 he entered Iowa College with the intention of taking a col'egiate course, but after remaiuiug a few months. his father's financial circumstances com- pelled him to quit college and return to the potter's wheel. In 1867, he was married to Miss Addle Kellogg. They have three children — Royston, Arthur and Isaiah, aged four- teen, eleven and six respectively. In the fall of 1870, Mr. Coomes settled in Cass county, on a farm in Franklin township, where he has resided ever since, and wliere he has made improvements which mark his farm as a model, and are a credit to his taste. In the years he has lived here he has seen the almost bound- less prairies around him settled up by thrifty and enterprising farmers. Besides improving his farm, Mr. Coomes has given considerable attention to liter- ary writing, confining himself to the field of western romance. His works include about sixty serials, which have been pub- lished in tlie New York Weekly and Sat- urday Journal of New York, and prices received at all times have made him one of the best paid writers of current litera- ture in the country. His first successful story was "Ironsides, the Scout," pub- r.shed by Street and Smith, of New York. This was followed by "Ilawkeye Harry," "Death Notch," "The Dumb Spy," "Da- kota Dan," ' The Giant Rifleman," &o., &c. He has been identified with the school interests of Franklin township ever since he (JSrae to the county, lie is Republi- can in politics. In 1877 he was elected to the Iowa Legislature over James Byrd, and was re-elected in 1879 over R. G. Phelps, of Atlantic,. At present he di- vides his time between farm and-literary work. fe HISTORY OF CASS COUNT F. 349 Tbe Eigliteenlb General Assembly of Iowa, met at DesMoines, in regular ses- sion, in January, 1880, and found Lafay- ette Young, still serving this people in the Senate, liis second term not having ex- pired, on Cooraes, liaving been re-elect- ed, was the representative. The Nineteentli General Assembly met in January, 1882, at the cajiital of tlie State, and this district was represented ill the Senate by C. B. Hunt, of Adair county, and in the House, by William Baughman. C. B. Hunt is a native of Norfolk county, Massachusetts, and was born May 20, 1844. He is the eldest of the five chil- dren of George and Charlotte L. (Betcli- er) Hunt. In 1854 the family removed to Henry county, Illinois, and in 1858 to Lyon county, Kansas. There they re- mained something over a year, wlien they went back to Massachusetts. But pn- ferring life farther west, they returned lo Illinois. The civil war was then in full tide, and C. P. offered his services to his country, enlisting in Company I, l]2ili Illinois Volunteer Infantry. They were assigned to the 23d ArmyCorps,and served with Sherman in the Atlanta campaign. After the fighting at Atlanta, he was wiiii Thomas in the Nashville campaign, and was discharged in July, 1865. He then returned to Illinois, and began employ- ment as clerk in a clothing store, in Gen- eseo, Illinois. He held that situation un- til Mariih, 1 868, when he removed to Iowa, and located in Adair county, improving a farm on section 28, Lincoln township. In 1871 he removed to a farm on section 1, Eureka township, and there cultivated the soil and followed the usual routine of farming life until elected to the office of sheriff, wliich was in the fall of 1873. He held that position for three terms, giv- ing great satisfaction to all, and refused the nomination for the fourth term. In the fall of 1882 he was elected to repres- ent this district in the senate of the State, and he is still a senator. He has also held many offices in the city government. He was married JMay 23, 1867, to Miss Sue E. Cady, a native of Henry county, Illi- nois. They have three children — Fred- erick M., Allen F. and Hattie L. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity atid chapter degree, and also of the Grand Army of the Ilepublic. William Baughman was the first settler in what is now Pleasant township and is noticed at length, in that connection, in the history of that sub-division of the county. The Twentieth General Assembly was convened at OesMoines, in January, 1884. C. B. Kunt was still in his place in the senate, serving the people of the Eigh- teenth senatorial district. Jacob Kuhn, was the representative. Mr. Kuhn was born in Pennsylvania, near the city of Pittsburg, in the year 1844. His great grandfather Kuhn, a na- tive of Prussia, came to this country in 1760, and settled near Philadelphia, in the eastern part of the State of Pennsyl- vania, where, the grandfather of Jacob was born, about the year 1785. They moved to Alleghany connty, in the same State, where the father of Jacob firstsaw the light, in the year 1805. Jacob Kuhn was reared on a farm, nutil the breaking out of the war in 1861. He enlisted in the Federal army on the 13th of Febru- % ■^ J, 4 *IA 350 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ary, 1864, in Rank's Light Battery, Third Pennsylvania Artillery. This battery was serving with the Eighth Army Corps un- der General Lew. Wallace, and did val- liant service in the defense of the country. Mr. Kuhn was discharged fronn tlie ser- vice, at the close of the war, on the 28th of July, 1805, and was mustered out at Philadelphia. In 1868 he came to Cass county and engaged in the carpentering and building trade, which he followed un- til 1879, when he built the mill at Anita, which he operated until he sold it to the present owners. In 188?, he builta flour- ing mill at Manning, Carroll county, and which he is at present operating, in con- nection with V. Roush, under the firm name and style of Kuhn & Roush. EATLWAT POSTAL CLEEKS. Several citizens of Cass county have held the position of Railway Postal clerks, or mail agents, as they are called, among them the following named: M. M. Rutt, now of Atlantic; R. P. Harris, a resident of Mapleton, Iowa; J. N. Bolton, the present representative from this county in this branch of the postal de- partment; C. E. Everett, now the chief clerk in the Atlantic postoffice; J. H. Willey, the genial editor and proprietor of tlie Atlantic Messenger, and president of the Blaine and Logan club, of that city; and W. B. Temple, the present county recorder. All these gentlemen have filled this position with credit to themselves, and to the great efficiency of the mail facilities and deserve a mention among the representative men of the county. COUNTY JUDGE. This office, in early days, was the most important of the county, embracing the work of various officers of the present day. It is ti-eated also under the head of county court, in the judicial chapter. The first county judge of Cass county was Jeremiah Bradshaw. He was elected at the time of the organization of the county, in April, 1853, and held the office for one year. Upon him, as the first county judge, devolved, the duty of per- fecting the organization, dividing it into townships, and other work of a kindred nature, necessary to perfect the system of county government. Jeremiah Bradshaw, the pioneer, was born December tl, 1807, in Madison county, Kentucky, and is a son of Charles and Hannah (Bates) Bradshaw. He livtd in his native state until eighteen years of age. The family them removed to Guy- andotte, Cabell cuunty, West Virginia, where they remained until 1840. In that year they moved to Illinois, and located near Paris, in Edgar county. The family consisted at that time of the parents, three brothers and a sister. They left West Virginia in a small boat, which contained also their household goods and provisions for the journey. The father, one brother, Elias, and a cousin made the trip over- land, taking with them cattle, horses ai d other stock. They passed on their route Terre Haute, which was then a small vil- lage. On arriving at their destination in Illinois, they began farming. Jeremiah lived in Illinois till 1847. In the spring of that year he removed to Wapello coun- ty, Iowa, and, the following September, went to Mahaska county, where he re- ®|V »l 351 fe^ mained till early in May,185]. About the middle of the same raontli he arrived in Cass county. Mr. Bradshaw was married in Ohio, January 15, 1828, to Miss Eliza Doolittle, a native of New York. By this union nine children were born, one of whom died in infancy. Those who attained maturity were Victor M., who was a men.ber of the Fourth Iowa Infant- ry; Henry L. and Harvey, who were in the same regiment; the former was killed at Mission Kidge; Calvin, who was in the Twenty-third Iowa Infantry, and very severely wounded at Black River Bridge; Ila-nnah, wife of G. I. Cliizum; Lucy Aun, wife of Allbaugh, who was born in 1836 and died in 1879, and Lydia, wife of Jackson,livingin Pottawattamie county; Sarah died at the age of three years; Mrs Bradshawdied in this county, December 1, 1863. In May, 1865, Mr. Bradshaw was married to Parmelia Fer- rell; she died January 1, 1S80, in Southern California, where her husband had taken her. In August, 1861, Jeremiali Bradshaw enlisted in company B,of the Fourth Iowa Infantry. He served fourteen months and was then honorably discharged at Mem- phis, Tennessee, where he iiad lain three months in the hospital, in consequence of a broken knee, which he received while on duty. He took part in the battle of Pea Ridge, Cotton Plantation, and a great Tiumber of skirmishes. On being dis- charged, he returned to Cass county, and was appointed recruiting agent, and in that capacity rendered valuable aid to his country, by enlisting many in the ser- vice, lie still has in his possession some of his army accoutrements, which he brought back with him. For one year after closing his connection with the army, Mr. Bradshaw rented his farm, then resumed that occupation and contin- ued it until the death of his wifq, after which he moved into the village of Lewis. Previous to coming to the county he had been justice of the peace in Mahaska county. Soon after coming here he was made postmaster at Cold Springs, suc- ceeding John Pettingill, a Mormon, who was the first postmaster in Cass county. In 1880, he visited California. The sec- ond election held in this county took place at his house, which was the largest building in this vicinity. He was then elected county judge, the first one of the county. In those days he kept hotel and stage station. Mr. Bradshaw is a mem- ber of the G. A. R. J. W. Benedict, on the retirement of Mr. Bradshaw, was elected to this office, and fulfilled the duties of the office. He left the county many years ago, and is supposed to have carried the records of his administration with him. In 1855, W. N. Dickerson was elected to this ofBoe, and served in that capacity two years. lie was the first to keep any correct record of his proceedings, and Ihe decrees of the conrt. Samuel L. Lorah, one of the best of the county judges, when they pos- sessed their greatest power, was elect- ed in 1857, and entered upon the d b- charge of his oflicial duties. He held the ])lace for a term of two years. Judge Lorah having served in the Legislature is already mentioned in connection with that office. In 1859, at the fall election Henry Temple was chosen to fill this office, and ^ 358 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. wick was one of the popular men of the county. After his retirement from office, he was engaged in the real estate business in Atlantic, but is now a resident of the State capital, Des Moines. John P. tjerberich, was the next to oc- cupy this responsible office, being elected thereto in the fall of 1875. He was re- elected in 1877, serving, in all, four years. Mr. Gerberich is now the cashier of the Cass county bank, of Atlantic. John P. Gerberich came to Atlantic on the the 26th of April, ISVl, and engaged in the First National bank, as cashier, but remained in that institution less than a year, when he left to accept the posi- tion of bookkeeper in the hardware es- tablishment of S. F. Martin. He re- mained in the latter position until he was elected to the office of county treasurer. He was born in Lebanon county, Penn- sylvania, on the 25th of March, 1832, and is the son of Henry and Margaret (Urhich) Gerberich, both of whoiii are dead. John was brought up on a farm, where he lived until he was nineteen years old, when he commenced teaching school, in Lebanon and at Orwigsburg, Pennsylvania. He was married at Pottsville, Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, on the 7th of Sep- tember, 1855, to Lizzie Shoener, a native of that county. After his marriage he removed to Ohio, and remained at Mon- roeville, until March, 1856, when he emi- grated to Putnam county, Illinois, where he taught school. In the fall of 1858 he was elected sheriff of that county and held the position two years. He then served four years as clerk of the courts, but on the expiration of his term in that office entered into the grain business, which he carried on until coming to Cass county. He has had five children, two of whom, Charles and Cora, are dead, and Estelle, Nellie and Lulu are living. Mr. Gerberich is the present cashier of the Cass County bank, an institution he entered in January, 1880. William Waddell was the next to oc- cupy the office of county treasurer, being elected thereto in the fall of 1879. He entered upon the duties of the office Jan- uary 1, 1880, and was re-elected in 1881, serving four years. A sketch of this gentleman is given under the head of clerk of courts, furthpr on, an office which he filled for many years. G. I. Chizum, the present treasurer, was elected in October, 1883, and commenced the labors of the office, January 1, 1884. Garrison I. Chizum, county treasurer, was born July 6, 1829, aud is is the oldest son of William J. and Mary (Mathews) Chizum. The former a native of Ohio, and the latter of Kentucky. Garrison spent the early part of his life on a farm in Tippecanoe county, Indiana, where he remained until eighteen years old, r^ceiv- ing meanwhile, a good common school education. He then engaged in teaching until twenty-four years of age, when he came to Iowa, first settling in Warren county, and in March, 1854 came to this couuty, locating in Cass township, where he pre-empted and entered several tracts of land. These lands he did not improve, •but had his home in Indiantown for a short time. Mr. Chizum taught the first school in the county, and is therefore the pioneer teacher of Cass county. A young man by the name of Taylor commenced teaching in an old building on section 8, « k_ -4 9 HISTOllY OF CASS COUNTS. 359 in 1884, but was accidentally drowned, and'Mr. Chizum took cbaige of the school. In 1878 he left bis farm, moved to Lewis and etifraged in the grocery business Then selling out, Avas in the real estate trade. Also had business in connection with the oflBce of justice of the peace; and was mayor of the city. He remained in Lewis until his election to his present position, in the fall of 1883. He is an efficient and trustworthy officer, and the funds of the county are in honest hands. He was married August 23, 1854, to Hannah Bradshaw, a daughter of Jeremiah Brad- shaw, who was among the earliest settlers of the county. They have five cliildren living-r-John,'H. deputy in the treasurer's office; Carrie A., wife of J. P. Andersoni of Gienwood; Jennie M., William J. and Ella C. Mr. Chizura has always been prominently identified with this county, having held many offices of trust and honor and always proving himself a deserving man, worthy the respect and support of the people. COUNTY EECOKDEE. Upon the division of the offices of treas- urer and recorder, in 18G4, provision was made for the election of a recorder tha* fall. Accordingly, in November, 1864, Henry Temple was elected, county re- corder. His duties commenced January 1, 1865, and expired two years later, but be was then re-elected, and served two years longer, in this capacity. Mr. Tem- ple had filled the office of county judge, in an earlier day, and a sketch of him may be found in that connection. H. E. Bacon was elected in the autumn of 1870, to the office of county recorder. and was re-elected in 1872, serving four years in all. H. E. Bacon is a native of Chenango county. New York, born May 30, 1837, and is the son of Horatio Bacon, who died in Ohio, in 1800, and Rachel L. Ba- con, nee Beardsley, who lives with her son in Atlantic. He spent his early life in Lorain county, Ohio, whither his par- ents had moved, and where he remained until 1867, when he came to Cass county, and settled on a farm west of Lewis. This was then wild land, but he went to work and broke the tough prairie sod and made a cultivated farm, and lived there until 1869, when he came to Atlantic, and en- tered into the employ of Joseph C. Yet- zer, in the hardware business. In 1870, he was elected to the office of county re- corder, and re-elected two years after- wards, serving four years in that of- fice. On the expiration of his second term, he was chosen by the qualified elec- tors of the county to the office of clerk of the courts, and filled that place for two years. He, on the cessation of his official duties, turned his attention to the real es- tate, abstract and loan business, which he carried on until 1881, when he sold out. He was the first to establish the loan bus- iness in Cass county. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and at one time succeeded himself as No- ble Grand, which is not common. He was united in marriage on the 26th of October, 1859, with Miss Ordelia Arm- strong, and their union has been blessed with three children — Lillian L. G., Jesse G. and Chauncey 11. Frank Aylesworth was the next to oc- -^f^ 360 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. cupy this office, being elected thereunto in the fall of 1874. He was, also, re-elect- ed in ISTO, and served four years. W. B. Temple, the present incumbent of this office, was first elected in 1878, and lias been continuously re-elected on the expiration of each term of office, and has transacted the whole duties of his position in a trustworthy manner. Among those holding position of honor and trust in Cass county in 1884, is Mr. W. B. Temple. He is a native of Oska- loosa, Mahaska county, Iowa, and was born November 30, 1846. He is the son of Judge Henry and Anna E. (Wright) Tempfe. He received his education in the common schools. In 1868 his parents removed to Lewis, and in 1868 to Atlantic. Soon after com.ing to Atlantic, Walter was appointed to the position of postal clerk on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad, and he served in that capacity two years. In the fall of 1878, he was chosen by the electors of Cass county to fill the office of recorder, and he has held the position uninterruptedly since that time, with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of the people of 'the coun- ty, irrespective of party. In 18G3 he en- listed in the Ninth Iowa Volunteer Caval- ry, company M, and served with them in their skirmishing and figtting, which was principally in Arkansas. He was mus- tered out of the service with the command, at Davenport. Mr. Temple was married in 1879 to Miss Ella Ilerrick, a daugliter of Edson Herrick, of Audubon county. Though yet on tiie sunny side of the meri- dian of life, Mr. Temple has seen most of tlie real progress which has been made in changing Cass county from a compaaa- tively unsettled state, with its naked pra- iries, to its present really prosperous con- dition, with scarcely a tract of land un- used for purposes of agriculture and stock raising, save that taken up by the growing towns and cities. And in that time he has won the respect of its citizens, who have shown their appreciation by elevat- ing him to prominent public office. CLEBK or THE COUET. This office was in existence at the time Cass county was organized, in 1853, and at the first election, G. E. Woodward was chosen to occupy this position. He was succeeded by II. K. Cranney, who acted as clerk of the courts for about a year. He is noticed in the early settle- ment of Cass township. In October, 1855, Charles K. Baldwin was elected to fill this very responsible and onerous office, and was re-elected in 1856, and held it until July 5, 1858, when he was summoned to a higher court, a court whose decree there is no appeal from, the court of Death; having been drowned in the Seven Mile creek, in the flood of that year, while attempting to swim it. The vacancy thus caused in this office was filled by the appointment of John M. Rip- ley, for the unexpired time. At the regular election in the autumn of 1858, E. W. Henderson was chosen by the ballots of the qualified electors to fill the position of clerk of the courts of Cass county, and entered upon the duties of the ogico, January 1, 1859. He served oue term of two years, when he made way for a successor. E. W. Henderson was one of the prom- inent if not successful merchants of Lewis. He came from Connecticut in 1858, and fi\ ■X HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 361 on arriving in Lewis, embarked in tl\e dry goods and hardware business. For a time be enjoyed a good trade, but bis business was not profitable, and in 185!) he failed. In 1859, he and "Amos Grid- ley went to tlie Colorado mines; they bought a claim from a man named Greg- ory out there, and after working it profit- ably for tliree years, they sold it to a New York company, through an agent, for SlOO,000. This agent defrauded them of most of this sum, but they succeeded in getting several thousand dollars out of transaction. Mr. Henderson still remains in Colorado,and has been advanced to office there. He has been treasurer and record- er of the county in which he resides. Amos Gridley is now farming a mile and a half from Pacific Junction. D. A. Barnelt was the next clerk of the courts, having been elected to that office in November, 1860, although he did not assume the duties of the office until the 1st of January, following. He served two years. Mr. Barnett served in the capacity of county judge and is mentioned in that connection. William Waddell, the next clerk of the courts, was elected in the fall of 1S62, and successively re-elected in 1864, 1866 and 1868, serving eight years in this capacity, with credit to himself and honor to his friends. William Waddell was born June 28, 18:32, in Steuben county. New York. In 1836, his father and family moved to Liv- ingston county, Michigan, then a wilder- ness, where in the year following the father died. The widowed mother with her seven children shortly aftervpards re- turned to her former home in New York. William lived with his father's relatives until he was sixteen jears old, after which he made his own way in the world. He acquired a good academical education and in the spring of 1857, started for the West. He came to Cass county, Iowa, in April, 1858, and in May was employed by the state comnaissioiiers to select the swamp lands in the unorganized counties of the northwestern part of the State, and on his return to Cass county, in the follow- ing autumn, he took charge of the public school at Lewis, continuing in that em- ployment nearly two years. He and Belie Johnson, of Lewis, were married April 6, 1860. In October, 1862, he was elected clerk of the district court of Cass county, and was twice re-elected. On retiring from tliat position in January, 1869, he went to Atlantic, in the employ of F. II. Whitney, agent of the Atlantic Town company, and moved his family to that place in the fol- lowing May. In February, 1870, he was appointed cashier of Cass County bank, then organized and served in that capacity until January, 1880, when he resigned the place to take the office of county treas- urer, to which he had just been elected. He served two terms and refused to be a candidate for re-election. He has for the last two years been a member of the Iowa Republican State central committee. In January, 1869, when the office of clerk of the board of supervisors was taken from the clerk of the district court and conferred upon the newly created au- ditor, the board of supervisors of the county tendered the following vote of thanks to William Waddell, who had so ^ '"^r—^^" J9|^ *• 362 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. long held official conneotiou witb their body: "Whbebas, William Waddell's term of office as exofficio clerk of the board hav- ing expired, we, the members of the board, deeply regret that his pleasant countenance will greet us no more as our clerk; therefore, be it "JResnlved, By the board of supervisors of Cass county, Iowa, that, as a business man and a courteous gentleman he has no superior, and for truth, . integrity and honesty of purpose, we feel in duty bound to freely testify that he has always main- tained an even and unruffled deportment toward the members of the board, and always studiously tried to do that which was for the best interests of the county, without fear, favor or affectation. That the thanks of this board be tendered to William Waddell fortiie able and efficient manner in which he has discharged the duties of clerk of this board, and that our bestwislies attend him in his retirement from the duties of his station." Mr. Waddell was succeeded by J. K. Powers in the office of clerk of the courts, on the 1st of January, 1871, and was re- elected in 1872, thus serving four years. H. E. Bacon, also, served one terra in this office, being elected in the fall of 1874. Thomas R. Wallace, the present clerk of the courts, was first elected to this office in the fall of 1876, and has contin- ued to hold it ever since, having been re- elected in 1878, 1780 and 188-2, and has served the people in this arduous office for eight years, in an unexceptionable manner. Thomas R. Wallace, present clerk of the circuit and district courts, is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born near Phil- adelphia October 20, 1847, his parents being WilUara and Jane (Ross) Wallace. He remained in that city until seven years old, when the family removed to Peoria county, Illinois. There he remained for eleven years, receiving a good education, which subsequently was supplemented by a course of instruction at Cole's Commer- cial College, from which institution he graduated during the winter of 1866. He was reared upon a farm, which occupation he followed after coming to Iowa, teach- ing school during the winter season. He came to this State in 1866, and located in Brighton township, this county. His father died in 188-2 at the advanced age of eighty years, and his mother in 1S68, aged sixty-four years. His first official position was secretary of the school board in Brighton township, which position he held for a number of years. He was afterward elected assessor of the town- ship for two terms; He was school director two terms, was township trustee, and was constable for a number of years. He was elected clerk of the circuit and district courts in 1876, and engaged in the duties appertaining to such office in Jan- uary, 1877. The multifarious and various obligations of his incumbency were per- formed in such a manner that he was re- elected in 1878, again in 1880, and again in 1882, thus showing the estimation in which he was held by the people, and the satisfactory manner in which the office was conducted. He is now also serving his third term as a member of the board of councilmen for the city of Atlantic, '*^; ff 363 t^ having been elected the first time to fill a vacancy. He was married October 6 1874, to Margaret Gill, a native of Iowa, ber father being Mason C. Gill, who is now a resident of this county. They have had tl ree children, two of whom are now living — T. Ross and William Bruce. Car- roll, deceased, died in ISTS, at the age of eight months. Mr. Wallace is a charter member of Cass Lodge 361, 1. O. O. F., and of Uawkeye Encampment. He has passed through the chairs of the sub- ordinate lodge, and has held the position of High Priest in the encampment. lie was a charter member of Atlantic Lodge A. 0. U. W., and has held all the offices of that order. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, both chapter and commandery. With Mr. R. 11. Frost he originated the firstloanaiid building asso- ciation in Atlantic. When Mr. Wallace first carae to the county, with characteris- tic energy, while engaged in farming and teaching, he read law as opportunity was afforded, and the knowledge so obtained, together with the experience had as clerk of courts, enabled him to pass a satisfac- tory examination, and he was admitted to the bar at the April term of the circuit court, 1884, Judge Lyman presiding. SHERIFFS. The first sheriff of Cass county, Fran- cis E. Ball, was elected at the time of the organization of the county, in the spring of 1853. On the 6th of April of that year, he filed his bond for the faith- ful performance of the duties of the oflice. This was in the sum of Si, 000, and his sureties were Johnson Bradshaw and J. E- Chapman. Mr. Ball did not hold this office for any great length of time, re- signing it in August, 1853. F, E. Ball came t6 Iranistan in the fall of 1852, to superintend the construction of the saw-mill which was afterwards sold to S. T. Care)', of Council Bluffs. After finishing the mill, l)e went in part- nership with Jeremiah Bradshaw in the mercantile business. The partnership continued about one year, when Ball bought Bradshaw's interest, and contin- ued the business alone as long as he re- mained in the place. He had a wife and two children. He was a man of small stature, very excitable and nervous in disposition. When he first came to the county, he left his family at home, and boarded for a time with Jeremiah Brad- shaw, then with Nelson Spoor. When his family came out, tliey went to house- keeping. They went to Wisconsin about the spring of 1856. O. O. Turner, succeeded Mr. Ball, as sheriff, in August, 1853, and appears to have held that position until 1855, when he gave way for a successor. Orin O. Turner came to Lewis from Dubuque in 1853. He farmed till 1855, and then sold his farm and started a sa- loon in Iranistan. He kept there about two years, and then performed that won- derful feat of failing in the saloon busi- ness. He then removed over the line in- to Pottamattamie county a short distance, and farmed till 1857. He then made a couple trips freighting across the plains, after which he moved to northwest Mis- souri. He had a wife and five children. He had the reputation of being a man of •a. 364 <.=A- HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ik his word, but was also known as a gambler. R. C. Gordon was the next to occupy the office of sheriff of Cass count}', serv- ing as such, at tlie first term of the dis- trict court held in the same, in October, 1855. He served two years. R. C. Gordon came to Cass county in the fall of 1855, and buying a little house and lot at Indiaiitown located at that point. He was engaged in teaming freight and some little farming. He remained in this county until the spring of 1871, when he emigrated to southern Kansas. In 1857, one of Cass county's afterwards most prominent men was elected to the office of sheriff, in the person of John Keyes. He was re-elected to the same position in October, 1859, and again in 1861, serving creditably and with honor six years. Mr. Keyes was the youtigest, son of Solomon and Eunice Keyes, and was born in Tolland, Connecticut, in 1815. After his mother's death, which occurred when he was about two yeal-s of age, he lived several years with one sister, in Ohio, and then witli another, sister in Georgia. Very early in lifehe developed a tact for business, and for years traveled in several States, as a commercial traveler for a wholesale house. At one time lie was one of the partners then engaged in running a hotel in Milwaukee. 'From there he removed to Madison, Wisconsin, where he engaged in the mercantile busi- ness. While in that city, he became ac- quainted with Miss Sophie A. Whiting, and the 26th of March, 1851, they were married at her father's, in Austinburg, Ashtabula county, Ohio. The young couple returned to Madison, where they remained about a year when they moved to Connecticut, but Mr. Keyes had lived too long in the west to be content there, and as his wife's family had removed to Iowa, tliey joined them in Lee county. Here he remained but a short time, when, in 1856, he came to Lewis, Cass county, and opened a store. He served as sheriff, as above noted. When the city of Atlan- tic was founded he removed to that place, and engaged in banking, being one of the foundeis of the Cass county bank. He died in September, 1873, leaving a large estate. The widow, Mrs. Keyes, and their only ciiild, Miss Cornie, are now residing at Los Angelos, California, although they still have large moneyed and landed in- terests in Cass county. G. I. Chizum, was the next to fill the office, being elected in the autumn of 1803 and served one term of two years. Mr. Chizum now occupies the resjionsible pos- ition of county treasurer, and is mentioned, at length, in that connection, to which the reader is deferred. At the October election of 1865, V. M. Bradshaw was elected sheriff of the county; and assumed the reins of office the 1st of January following. He was re- elected, at the expiration of his first term of office, and served in this capacity, four years in all. V. M. Bradshaw, son of Jeremiah and Azuba (Doolittle) Brad- shaw, was born in Lawrence county, Ohio, November 2, 1829. He was one year old wlien his parents removed to Edgar county, Illinois. He resided with them, removing with them to Wapello county, Iowa, in 1847, and one year later, to Ma- haska county, where they remained till the date of their removal to this county ,|^ .-«*^ ^^^^^^ZZ<^t^^^-u7 ^ e 1^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 367 in the spring of 1851. He was married in that year, to Mary A. John, a na- tive of Indiana. By this union there were five children — Jeremiah, who was the first child born in this county, Mary E., Albert, Elmer E. and Carrie S. In March, 1862, Mr. Bradshaw enlisted in company B, of the Fourth Iowa Infantry, and served till the close of the war. He was in the battle of Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Jackson and siege of Vicksburg. He was then transferred to the Veteran Reserves and served a year in Pennsylvania. He was discharged at Harrisburg in that State and returned home. He was elected county sheriff in 1867 and served two consecutive terms. In 1856 he was assessor and assessed the whole county. He was clerk of the first four or five elections in the township, also of the first county election of Cass county. He has held theofiiceof township trustee, and was city clerk of Lewis four terms, and resigned the office in the spring of 1884. He is a member of the G. A. R. and of the I. O. O. F. In the latter he has filled all of the oflices of the lodge, except that of treasurer. J. S. Barnett was duly elected sheriff in the fall of 1869, and served two years. J. S. Barnett, son of D. A. and May (Linn) Barnett, was born in Belleville, Richland county, Ohio, August 18, 1842. His father died in this county in 1867. His mother died in Ohio, in 1844. In 1855 he moved with his father to Iowa and entered land in sections 3 and 10, of Atlantic township. His father entering land in many places. J. S. Barnett was married in Cass county, in 1867, to Miss Clara F. Smith, a native of Galva, Illinois, and daughter of S. E. Smith. Mr. and Mrs. Barnett have three children living — Elizabeth G., Lewis E. and Ray. Mr. Barnett was the first scholar in this school district, and went to school in John Kirk's old cabin, and afterwards in his father's old cabin, the teacher being Mary Curry, of Ashland, Ohio. Mr. Barnett erected his present residence in 1867. He was elected sheriff of Cass county, iii 1870, serving in that capacity in 1871 and '72. His election to office in a county largely Republican, proves his popularity, he being a Democrat. In 1876 he was a candidate for the office of county recorder, and was -beaten by only a few votes. He has been road supervi- sor in his township. His farm contains three hundred and twelve acres, a small portion of which is timber land, the re- mainder all tillable land and under culti- vation. Mr. Barnett was, for six years, president of the old Cass county Agricul- tural Society. The next to fill the office was E. E. Herbert, who was elected in 187 J, and served one terra. Ebenezer E. Herbert was born in Columbia county, Ohio, in 1827, and removed to Iowa in 1855 or 6, residing for some years in Mahaska county. During the late civil war, he served the General Government as lieutenant in the famous Fifteenth Iowa Infantry. He came to Cass county, from Mahaska, in 1869, and in 1871 was elected sheriff as above stated. He was a resident of Pymosa township, and in 1873, was duly elected a member of the board of supervisors of the county, and served three years. 24 ■^ — air*" 368 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. J. S. Pressnall filled the office of sheriff for three successive terms, having been elected, first, in 1873. Was re- elected in 1875 and 1877. James S. Pressnall, real estate dealer, doing business in Cass and surrounding counties, came to this county in 1869, settled in Atlantic and opened a harness shop. He continued in that trade about one year, when he was appointed deputy sherifl^, held that position two years, was then elected sheriff, and remained in office six years, since which time he has engaged in his present business, excepting in 1883, when he was appointed sheriff to fill vacancy. He is a native of Hamilton county, Indiana, born May 15, 1839. His parents were natives of North Carolina, of English and French extraction and are both deceased. The family removed in 1864, to Marshall county, settling on a farm. James S. enlisted in 1862, July 7th, in company F, 63d Indiana Volun- teer Infantry. He was promoted to rank of first lieutenant. He participated in eighteen battles and had the good fortune to escape without a wound. He was married March 4, 1867,to Melissa J. Scott, a native of Indiana. They have four children — Eudora, wife of M. Salisbury, of Atlantic; Mary A., James F. and John H. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the I. O. O. F. and the A. O. U. W. L. F. Mullins, the present postmaster of Atlantic, was elected to the office of sheriff, in October, 1879, and was re- elected thereto in the fall of 1881, and served to June 5, 1883, when he re- signed. His sketch appears in connection with the history of the postoffice of the county-seat. On the resignation of Mr. Mullins, James S. Pressnall was appointed to fill the vacancy, and served until the Ist of January, 1884. L. C. llatton, the present sheriff, was elected to the office in October, 1883, and assumed its duties with the opening of the present year (1884). Lem. C. Hatton, the present sheriff of Cass county, is a native of Connersville, Fayette county, Indiana, and was born on the 29th day of November, 1846. He is the son of Aquila Hatton, a native of Baltimore, Maryland, and of Sarah M. (VanOsdel) Hatton, who was born in New Vork (both Aquila and Sarah M. were born in the year 1803). Mr. Hatton's parents were married in the "Monumen- tal City," in 1829, and were the parents of nine children, six sons and three daugh- ters,, seven of whom arrived at the years of manhood? and womanhood. Aquila Hatton, Sr., died July 9, 1874, in Conners- ville. Sarah M. is still living in Conners- ville, Indiana, and has reached the ad- vanced age of eighty-two years. Mr. and Mrs. Hatton, the elder, were life-long members of the M. E. church, and active workers in the same. Lem. C. was reared in the town of his nativity, and received his education in the common schools of his native city and at Albany university, at Greencastle. While attending school at the latter place the late civil war broke out, which fired the patriotic heart that beat in Lem's bosom with a desire to do his duty by his flag and country, causing him to enlist in the Sixty-first Ohio In- fantry, in which regiment he served until the expiration of his term of service. He immediately re-enlisted in the Sixteenth r~^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 369 Indiana Mounted Infantry, Company A, but was afterwards transferred to tlie Thirteenth Indiana Cavalry. He partici- pated in that famous raid under General Grierson, which helped demonstrate the rottenness of the Confederacy. He was mustered out and discharged with his regiment on the 23d of November, 1865, and returned to his home. He was mar- ried in Connersville, on the 28th day of May, 1867, to Miss Lida H. Jones, a daughter of William C and Mary Jones, of Fayette county. This union was blessed by two children, Scott K. and Mary V., who still survive. Mrs. Hatton was a sincere Christian woman and indul- gent mother. She died in the spring of 1878. In 1879, on the 24th day of Novem- ber, Lem. C. was married to Miss Kate Eva Wheaton, of Agency City, Iowa, a daughter of J. S. and Nancy A. Wheaton. This union is blessed with a son, Lemuel Garfield. Lem. C. moved to Ca3s county in the spring of 1880, locating at the town of Griswold and engaging in the general mercantile business, in which he remained until his election to the office which he now holds. On his entering upon his official life he removed to Atlantic, the seat of county government, where he now resides. Mr. H. is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Knights of Pythias, and of the Grand Army of the Republic. As an able and efficient officer, Mr. Hat- ton meets and merits the approbation of the law-abiding portion of the community and the respect of all. Benjamin Albee was an early settler in Cass county. He improved a farm and made a home in Bear Grove township, where he lived most of the time until 1882, when he went to Oregon, returning during the fall of 1884. He was a native of New York. His wife was Miss E. N. Dickenson, and they had five children, all of whom are now living. William Albee, the oldest son, and the present deputy sheriff, was born in New York, on May 19, 1844, where his youth was spent. He enlisted August 8, 1862, in Company K, One Hundred and Tenth New York Regi- ment, for three years, and participated in numerous engagements. He was mustered out of the service on August 28, 1865, and came directly to Iowa, to which State his people had moved, and made his home with them in Polk county, until the time of his marriage to Sarah E. McKibbon, July 3, 1867. They removed to this county and made a settlement in Atlantic town- ship in 1868, on the northeast quarter of section 15. In 1880 he went to Griswold, where he served as marshal two years. Mr. and Mrs. William Albee were the parents of two children, Vinnie, born in 1868, and Charles B., born in 1880. SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS. The various gentlemen who have filled this office are treated of at full length in the chapter devoted to educational mat- ters, to which the reader is referred. COUNTY SUEVETOES. The first to hold the office of surveyor in Cass county was David Chapman, elected in the spring of 1853. On the 6th of April, of that year, he filed his bond in the sum of 81,000 for the faithful perform- ance of his duties, with C. E. Woodward and J. E. Chapman as sureties, and en- tered upon the discharge of his duties. ^ 370 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. A. J. Osborne was the next'surveyor,be- ing elected in October, 1859, and entering upon the discharge of its duties January 1, 1860. Before the expiration of bis term of office, in June, 1861, he removed from the county, and the board of supervisors appointed E. W. Davenport to the va- cancy, who acted in that capacitf until in October, 186], the people elected him to the office at the regular election. He served out this term and then gave way for a successor. E. W. Davenport was a native of the • "Old Bay State," Massachusetts, and came to Cass county in 1857, and located at the town of Lewis, although he was engaged in running a sawmill in Pottawattamie county, not far from the line. In 1862 he removed this mill to Lewis, and in 1864 to Eight Mile Grove, when he sold it. He removed from here to Council Bluffs. Franklin H. Whitney was duly elected county surveyor in 1863, and served two years. Mr. Whitney is at present en- gaged in the banking business in Atlantic, and is noticed in that connection. Albert Wakefield was elected to the office of county surveyor in the fall of 1865, but on the 1st of January, follow- ing, when all the new officers were sworn in, he failed to qualify, and the board of supervisors appointed F. H. Whitney to fill the vacancy. This he did until the first of the following year, when he was succeeded by T^ J. Jordan, wha was elected for the unexpired term in the fall of 1866. A. Wakefield was again elected county surveyor in 1867, but seems to have served for about a year and a half, when he was succeeded by S. Hamblen. Albert Wake- field was born in Somerset county, Maine, on the 1st of January, 1828, his parents being John and Emma (Downing) Wake' field. He received his education in Maine, and when eighteen years of age he com- menced the occupation of school teaching in his native State. He remained there until 1850, when he moved to New Jersey, and there taught one year, when he went to Connecticut, and in the spring of 1851, he came to Davis county, Iowa, and was there engaged in teaching two years, or until 1853, when he came to Cass county, and has since made it his home. On his arrival at his new home he found Judge Bradshaw, the first judge of Cass county, keeping postoffice at Indiantown, and Lewis had just been located, while the the connty seat was placed there. Mr. Wakefield located on sections 13 and 24, in Atlantic township, where he owned 600 acres of fine land, portions of which he sold to each of twenty-five different per" sons. In the spring of 1855 he built a saw mill on Turkey creek, and began its operation the spring following, while his older brother became millwright. But before many months the brother sold his interest to A. G. McQueen, afterward a general in the civil war. Albert Wake- field sold his interest in the spring of 1875, and in the summer of that year went to farming. He had gone to Cali- fornia in 1862, and taught school until the summer of 1865. He went to Mis- souri in the spring of 1866, and taught school near St. Joe, for one term, and after the war he took a trip through Kan sas, with a view of locating, but not liking the country, he came to Cass county and Al I.-^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ^ » 371 b^ purchased the lots of Grove City, where he has since lived. He was married on the 1st of January, 1858, to^Miss Ellen Northgraves, a native of Covington, Ken- tucky, but when quite young moved to Ohio, where she was reared. In the spring of 1856 she taught the first school at Hamlin's Grove, Audubon county, and in the fall of that year, taught the first school in Franklin township, which stood about a half mile northwest of the present site of Wiota. She afterwards taught the scliool of Turkey Grove, Atlantic town- ship. Mr. and Mrs. Wakefield have three children : Emma, and Carrie and Clara, twins. Emma was married in January, 1884 to Fred Schain, and now lives four miles south of Atlantic. Mr. Wakefield owns eighty acres of land in Grove City, and raises Norman horses. Shorthorn cattle and Poland China hogs. At the second elections in the county, in 1855, Mr. Wake- field was elected county surveyor, and so served one terra. He was notary public about eight years, and has held the oflice of township treasurer for fourteen terms. His farm is one of the finest in the county, and his orchard is the largest in this part of the country, containing about one thousand apple trees, one hundred cherry trees, and a large nnmber of plum trees, and also has a fine vineyard of over two hundred vines. Mr. Wakefield and family are prominent members of the Methodist Episcopal church. William Waddell, was elected to the oflSce of surveyor in 1868, Mr. Waddell has been prominently identified with the more important official positions, and in connection with one of these, clerk of the court, full details are given of this emi- nent gentleman. I. L. Dudley was elected to this oiBce in the fall of IS?!, but does not seem to have served. Samuel Harlan, first chosen to represent the people in tlie office of surveyor, at the fall election, 1872, to fill the unexpired term, was again elected in 1873 and 1875. Samuel Harlan was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, July 10, 1810, and is the son of Enoch and Hannah (Gib- bons) Harlan. When he was a child his parents removed to Muskingum county,* Ohio. In 1827 his father died, and the family went back to Pennsylvania. ' There he worked in a cotton factory two years, and then as a hired hand on a farm. This he followed till 1834, in the meantime educating himself. He then returned to Muskingum county, Ohio, and bought land. He was married there in 1839 to Miss Sarah A. Elliott. While in Muskin- gum county he taught school four years, and learned and practiced suveying. In 1857 he removed to Mahaska county, Iowa, and sold goods for eleven and one half years, being also justice of the peace a portion of the time. He came to Atlantic from that county, and was soon elected justice of the peace. A vacancy occur- ring in the office of county surveyor, he was appointed to fill it, and held the po- sition for seven years. He also carried on the grocery business for two years. Since retiring from the grocery business, he has been engaged in the several occu- pations of surveyor, civil engineer and notary public. By his first marriage Mr. Harlan was the father of six children. His first wife died in April, 1873. He *^ . ^ ■vT p « - J. 1^ 372 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. was married again to Miss Mary Wight- man, of Sigourney, Iowa. He has been a member of the I. O. O. F. for thirty-four years, and is a member of the Baptist church. In 1877, C. E. Townsend was elected to the dignity of County Surveyor, and, be- ing re-elected in 1879, served in that posi- tion for four years. Charles E. Townsend was born in Jef- ferson county. New York, on the 25th of October, 1847, and is the son of George W., and Harriet A. (Hoyt) Townsend. = He was reared in his native county and received his education at the usual schools, and the Hungerford Collegiate Seminary, graduating from the latter institution in 1871. The fall following he came west, and was in Chicago during the ever mem- orable fire that laid so much of that metropolis in ashes. He located in Jack- son county, Iowa, where he engaged in teaching school for about a year. While there, he came to Cass county, on a visit and purchased some land, and in the spring of 1873, came to this locality and settled permanently. He was elected to the oflBce of County Surveyor, as above, and has since filled several local offices in Grant township. In February, 1880, he embarked in the lumber business, which he operated until the spring of 1884, when he leased it to other parties. In the fall of 1873, he was united in marriage with Miss Emily Sternberg, a daughter of Henry S. Sternberg, of Jefferson county, by whom he has four children — Hattie E., Roy A., Ross G. and Charles E. Jr. T. J. Townsend, the last worthy sur- veyor of Cass county, was first elected to this oflice in 1881, and again in 1883. Before the last term was out, in 1884, he resigned the office, leaving a vacancy. COKONEE. This office' was in existence at the time of the organization, and at the first elec- tion James N. Benedict, was elected to this office. He never served, as far as is known and the office for many years seems to have had no occupants. A short list of those who have filled this position will suffice in this connection. J. W. Conison seems to have the office during the years 1854 and 1855. David Johnson was duly elected Cor- oner in October, 1859. A. H. Caywood was elected Coroner in the fall of 1861, but does not seem to have served, and in the autumn of 1862, ir. A. Baker was chosen his successor. Although M. Hoblitt, in 1863, Henry Dennison, in 1864, John Woodward, in 1865, James A. Edwards, in 1866, and Oliver Mills, in 1867, were elected to fill this position it is believed that none of them served any "material length of time, if at all, and there is no record of their doing such, accessible. In 1869, Dr. J. W. Montgomery was elec^ ed coroner, and served part of the term. D. H. Stafford was elected to this office in 1874, and is said to have been the first to give the office the proper attention. He was re-elected in 1875, and served four years. Dr. B. A. Wilder was the next to fill this office, having been elected in 1877, and re-elected in 1879 and 1881. Dr. W. C. Egan, the present coroner was elected in 1883. Both of these gen- tlemen are noticed in the Medical chapter. '*V^^ the time so fixed, I do hereby order and direct that said court be adjourned to Monday, the 22d of May, A. D. 1854, at 9 o'clock in the forenoon, as provided by • section 1583 of the code of Iowa. "Given under my hand, at my chambers in Sidney, this 28th (?) day of April, 1854." This was signed by Allan A. Bradford, judge of the sixth judicial district. The clerk adjourned the court, in obe- dience to these instructions. On the 22d of May, 1854, the court met at Myer's hotel, at Lewis pursuant to ad- journment and Judge Bradford was upon the bench. O. O. Turner, the sheriff, and C. E. Woodward, clerk, were also pres- ent. S. M. Tucker, the pioneer lawyer of Cass county, presented a license from an Ohio court, admitting him to practice in that State, and asked permission to prac- tice at the Bar in this State, and by order of the court was ordered to be enrolled as an attorney of this court. The first case upon the docket was that of David W. Wellman, versus William Wood. This was an appeal from a justice court, and involved the question of the right of re- plevin. A jury was summoned to try the case, the first regular panel in this county and consisted of the following named: John Van Houten, E. W. Buckwalter, A. B. Dowell, Samuel Peets, II. J. Barnes, L. MoCarty, I. M. Watson, A. Jessup, G. I. Chizum, Henry Michael, W. N. Dicker- son and George Reeves. After due delib- eration, and a full hearing of the facts in the case, this jury brought in a verdict for the plaintiff. The first divorce case in the county came up for trial at this term. It was that of Frederick Richardson, vs. Elizabeth Richardson. The defendant was called in open court, and came not, and proof being offered of due notice being given by publication, and the facts in the case being presented^o the court, the decree dissolving the matrimonial tie was made V by order of the judge. On the 21st of September, 1854, anoth- er term of the District court was held by Judge Bradford. At this term, H. K. Cranney was the clerk and John Consion, the coroner acted in the place of the sheriff. Three cases were heard, when the Judge adjourned the court to a special term, to be held in November. When the time for special term had come around, on the 21st of November, the clerk received a notice from the judge, adjourning the court until December. In accordance with the adjournment, court met in December, 1854, when a grand jury was summoned, the first in the county. This consisted of the following gentlemen: Henry Michael, G. I. Chiz- um, George Shannon, Peter Hedges, E. W. Buckwalter, Mason Gill, B. Garvin, William Stewart, George \Yalker, J. W. Krewson, William Frost, Isaac Moore, Richard White, A. B. Dowell and Leon- ard Everly. After deliberating this body returned one indictment, for assault and battery with intent to commit murder. In April, 1855, Judge Bradford having resigned the office, E. H. Sears, who had been appointed by the governor to fill the vacancy, appeared and presided over the regular spring term. There being no prose- cuting attorney present, the judge appoint- ed S. E. McCracken, to fill the duties of "»1V 3'76 HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. that office. R. D. MoGeebon was appoint- ed special constable for the term. At the regular term in October, 1855, there were present, E. H. Sears, judge, Charles Baldwin, clerk, and Robert C. Gordon, sheriff. A grajjd jury was em- paneled, consisting of the following gen- tlemen, the first thing after opening court: David C. Casper, William Judd, William E. Porter, Amasa Chapman, Jacob Head- ley, H. K. Cranney, Jeremiah Johnson, Charles Jackson, Zadoc Stewart, Jesse Eller, MoSes Martin, Albert Wakefield. Nelson T. Spoor, Edmund Manly, and A. J. Millslagel. William Judd was appoint- ed foreman. Case number one, before this court was one entitled: State of Iowa, vs. Thomas Meredith and John Carothers, which on a he.aring was recommitted to the grand jury, for a rehearing. The first civil case that came up for a hearing was that of Clay born Marion, vs. George Clark, which appears to have been a suit brought for the recovery of money due. A jury was called for the trial of the case, consisting of the following mentioned: Henry Michael, Jeremiah Brad^haw, V. M. Bradshaw, James W. Benedict, John L. Peather, 'WiHiam Chapman, Thomas Rogers, Lorenzo Teague, Philander Cran- ney, George R. White, R. D. McGeehon, and Frederick Richardson. Two bailiffs, George W. Wakefield and William Con- rad were sworn in, and after a due hear- ing of the case, the jury retired in their charge. On returning, a sealed verdict was handed to the judge, giving the de- cision of the jury, in favor of the plaintiff for the sum of $275.17, and costs. I At this term of the court, there appears 1 to have been two attorneys present, M. L. McPherson, aad John Leonard, both of whom have since held exalted positions. The next term of the court was held in April, 1856, when the same officers were . present. Most of the cages were of a civil nature, although there were a few State cases, but they were mostly continued. At the October term of 1856, E. H. Sears, was still the judge of the district and was present. There being no prose- cuting attorney present he appointed Jas. M. Dews, to fill that oflice. Charles Bald- win, clerk, and Robert Gordon, sheriff, were both present, also. At this term, on motion of Thomas B. Johnson, Thomas Haycock was ordered to be enrolled upon the list of attorneys. Hon. E. H. Sears, who had been Judge up to this time, belonged in Fremont county. He was appointed to the oflBce, by the governor, on the 9th of January, 1855, to succeed Allan A. Bradford, of Fremont, who had resigned. He qualified for this oflice on the 1st of February. On the 2nd of April, of the same year, he was elected by the people to the same oflice. On the 6th of December, 1856, by act of the General Assembly, Cass county was detached from the sixth, and made a part of the seventh judicial district, which then embraced the following counties: Shelby, Harrison, Pottawattamie, Audubon and Cass. Samuel H. Riddle, of Council Bluffs, was the presiding judge, when this county took its place in that district. In April, 1857, at the time of the regu- lar term of the court, Charles Baldwin, clerk of the courts, opened the court, and read a note from Judge Riddle, saying that he would'not be present, and ordering -. — &nv ^ as k. HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. 377 the clerk to adjonrn the court until the third Thursday in June, 1857, which he did, but on that time coming round, the judge still was absent, and the court was adjourned by the clerk, sine die. At the October term of 1857, Judge Samuel H. Riddle, put in an appearance, for the first time in this county, and as- sumed his place upon the bench. There were present in his court, Charles Bald- win, clerk, and John Keyes, sheriff. There being no prosecuting attorney present, the court appointed M. L. McPherson, to act as such. It was at this term that James \y. Brown was admitted to the bar on the motion of John Leonard. On the 26th of April, 1858, a term of the district court was opened, when there were present, S. H. Riddle, judge, Charles Baldwin, clerk, and John Keyes, sheriff. This was the last term at which Mr. Bald- win occupied the position of clerk, having been drowned before the next meeting of the court. Judge Riddle, also, held a term of this court commencing October 25, 1858, Cass county still continuing in the seventh dis- trict. A good deal of business was on the docket for this term. Judge Samuel H. Riddle was appointed to the office of judge of the seventh judi- cial district, by the governor, on the Hlh of June, 1853. On the 3d of April, 1854, he was elected by the people, and served until the district was abolished by law, in 1858. He belonged in Council Bluffs Pottawattamie county. By the reconstruction of the districts under the constitution of 1857, in 1858, Cass county became a part of the third judicial district, which was composed of the counties of Adams, Clarke, Decatur Fremont, Mills, Montgomery, Page, Pot- tawattamie, Ringgold and Union. E. If. Sears, of Fremont county, was elected judge, October 12, 1868, and served until the 1st of January, 1863. Tlie first term which he presided over, for Cass county, was the January term in 1859. This was opened on the first day of that month and year, with Judge Sears on the bench. E. W. Henderson, clerk of the courts, and John Keyes, sheriff, were at their post of duty. R. B. Parrott, the district attorney, was also present. It was at the July term this court in 1859., that the first "final pa- pers" of naturalization are recorded to have been issued. The parties who came forward and renouncing their allegiance to any foreign power, king, prince or po- tentate, took upon themselves the duties and responsibilities of American citizens, were Charles Helwig, of Prussia, and John Aldermoss, of Bavaria. John L. Mitchell made application to this court for admis- sion to the bar. "Whereupon, J. A. Hanly, D. H. Solomon and J. W. Brown were ap- pointed a committee to examine the qual- ification of Mitchell, and after doing so, and reporting favorably regarding the same, a certificate was ordered to be issued to John L. Mitchell, as an attorney before the courts of Iowa. In October, 1863, James G. Day was elected to fill the position of judge of this district, and on the 1st of January, 1863, he assumed the judicial ermine. His first term in Cass county was held in January, 1863, commencing on the 22d of that month. C. E. Millard was district attor- ney; William Waddell, clerk, and John Keyes, sheriff. ''r 378 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. On the 27th of January, 1864, Cass county was detached from the third, and made a part of the fifth district, then embracing the counties of Adair, Audu- bon, Carroll, Dallas, Greene, Guthrie, Madison, Warren and Polk. John H. Gray was the presiding judge at the time. His first term in Cass county commenced on the 14th of April, 1864. Judge Gray was a citizen of Polk county, and died October 14, 1865. B. F. Murray, of Mad- ison county, was elected district attorney October 12, 1858, and served until the 1st of January, 1865. Charles C. Nourse, of Polk county, suc- ceeded Judge Gray, having been appoint- ed by William H. Stone, the governor, to fill the vacancy. His first and only term in Cass county commenced April 12, 1866, when his commission as judge was read in open court. He only occupied the bench for a short time, resigning August 1, 1866. He is now engaged in the prac- tice of law in Des Moines, and his name was prominently before the convention for the office of supreme judge. Tlie next judge of the fifth district was H. W. Maxwell, of Warren county, who had nearly finished a term as district at- torney. He was appointed to fill the va- cancy from August 1, 1866, and in Octo- ber of the same year the people ratified the choice by electing him to this honor- able office. His first term in Cass county commenced October 18, 1866. At that time Col. S. D. Nichols was the district attorney; William Waddell, clerk of the court, and V. M. Bradshaw, sheriff. It was at the April term of 1867, that Julian Phelps and H. E. Griswold were admitted to the bar, in this court. By an act of the Fourteenth General Assembly, in 1872, Cass county was asso- ciated in the new thirteenth district, with the counties of Fremont, Mills, Audubon, Pottawattamie, Crawford, Slielby, Carroll and Greene. In that year J. R. Reed, of Pottawattamie county, was chosen district judge, and H. K. McJunkin, of Mills county, was elected district attorney. Judge Reed held his first term in this county in May, 1873, commencing on the 5th of that month. J.K. Powers was the clerk of the court, and E. E. Herbert sheriff. Judge Reed was re-elected to this office in 1876, and in 1880, and re- mained upon the bench until January 1, 1884, when having been elected one of the judges of the supreme court of Iowa, he resigned the inferior position. The governor thereupon appointed C. F. Loof- bourow, of Cass county, the then circuit judge, to the vacant seat upon the bench of the district court, a position which he now occupies. Judge Charles F. Loofbourow stands among the most prominent men in Cass county, or indeed, in southwestern Iowa. He is a native of the Buckeye State, hav- ing been born in Knox county, Ohio, September 4, 1842. His father, John W., who was a millwright by trade, was of English-German descent. He died in Licking county, Ohio. His mother, Mary (Plumb), was of an American family, her parents being Connecticut people. Charles F. spent his early boyhood days in the village of Batemantown, Ohio, and from there went to Chesterfield, Warren coun- ty. Here he received his common school education, and having a natural taste for the law, he borrowed law books, and com- K- ^- -* » HISTORY OF CASS COL'NTY. 379 menoed the foundation of his legal learn- ing. On the death of his father, the care of the family, including four sisters and a younger brother, devolved upon him, in addition to the task of preparing for his entry to the bar, and his duties as teacher, by which means he earned his support. In 18G5 he decided to remove to Iowa, and in the same year took up his residence in Marshall county, where he obtained employment at clerking in a store. He also studied law there with Henderson and Binford. The first named member of this firm is now judge of that district. He spent two years studying law there, one year with the firm men- tioned, and the remainder of the time at his home. As a result of his labors, he was admitted to practice by Judge Chase, of Webster City, in the spring of 1868. He then started out to find a location, and soon brought up in Lewis, this county. Here he stayed about three weeks,and fail- ing to find office room, went to Grove City, which, at that time, was thought to be the place where the Rock Island rail- road would locate its station. That was in the summer of 1868. He opened an office in Grove City, but, finding that the hopes for the future of that town had been shattered by the starting of the new town of Atlantic, he removed to this place, and was among Atlantic's early attorneys, coming in the spring of 1869. lie soon attained a flattering practice, and took his position in the front ranks of the profession. In 1876 he was chosen by the Republican convention as the can- didate of the party, for the position of circuit judge, and at the election of that year received a very large majority of the votes of the people. This position he held for seven years, at the end of which time (January 1, 1884), be was appointed by • Governor Sherman to the district judgeship of the thirteenth district, to fill the vacancy left by Judge Reed, when he was advanced to the supreme bench. He has been again elevated to the posi- tion of judge of the thirteenth district, at the November election, 188 1. In the Masonic order he is a Knight Templar, and was Master of the Blue Lodge here a number of terms, besides holding all the other principal offices in ti)at lodge. He is comfortably supplied with this world's goods, having considerable property in Cass county, a pretty residence at the .corner of Fifth and Oak, the grounds covering a quarter of a block, and other property. He is also a stockholder in the Cass county bank. Judge Loofbourow was in the service of the Union during the civil war, having enlisted in company I, 136th Ohio, in the hundred day service. At the expiration of this time, he applied for re-enlistraent, but was rejected on account of disability. He was married in the spring of 1870, to Miss Hannah Hodgkins, a native of New Hampshire, but reared in Massachusetts. They have four children, all boys, whose names are — John W., Chas. F., Jesse H. and Leon L. CIECUIT COUET. By an act of the general assembly, passed and approved April 3, 1868, cir- cuit courts were established in this State, and each judicial district was divided into two circuits, in each of which, at the gen- eral election in November, 1868, and IT^ jj^ 380 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. every four years thereafter, a circuit judge should be elected. Four terms of court were provided per year in each county in the circuits. By this act the office of county judge was abolished, and all busi- ness of a legal nature pertaining to that office was transferred to the circuit court, which was also to have concurrent juris- diction with the district court in all civil actions at law, and exclusive jurisdiction of all appeals and writs of error from jus- tices' courts, mayors' courts and all other inferior tribunals, either in civil or crim- inal cases. Cass county, together with Madison, Adair, Audubon, Carroll, Greene and Guthrie counties, constituted the second circuit of the fifth judicial district. In that year, Frederick Mott, of Madi- son county, was elected to the circuit judgeship, and held the position four years. In 1872 the law of 1868, creating the circuit court, was modified, constitu- ting the circuits the same as the districts. The first term of the circuit court in Cass county was opened on the first Monday in March, 1869, when there were present: Frederick Mott, judge; J. K. Powers, clerk; V. M. Bradshaw, sheriff. The first case to come before this court was Southworth, Slauson and Company vs. John F. Chapman, which involved a ques- tion of law. The first criminal case was that of the State against William Per- kins, for larceny. The first jury empan- nelled in this court was on this case, and consisted of the following named: Perry Disbrow, Benjamin Albee, D. C. John- son, J. H. Leslie, James Duncan, H. A. Baker, D. C. Kennedy, L. D. Marsh, Pierce Maher, W. N. Haworth and Wil- liam Hopley. After the consolidation of the district, T. R. Stockton was chosen circuit judge, and occupied the position until the Ist of January, 1,811, when he was succeeded by Judge C. F. Loofbourow, now the judge of the district court: Judge Loofbourow was re-elected in 1880, but resigned it in 1884, to take hifj place on the bench in the district court as mentioned before. On the elevation of Judge Loofbourow to the higher court, Joseph Lyman, of Council Bluffs, was appointed to. the va- cant judgeship of the circuit court, and still occupies that exalted position. COUNTY COURT. In 1851, by an act of the Geiieral As- sembly, county courts were established and the office of county judge created. By the same act, the office of probate judge was abolished, as were the offices of county commissioners; the duties of the commissioners and probate judges devolving upon the county judge. The county of Cass, not being organized until 1853, had no probate judges or county commissioners. The first county judge was Jeremiah Bradshaw, one of the earliest settlers. Upon him devolved the duty of perfecting the organization of the county. Judge Bradshaw's successors were: J. W- Benedict, W..N. Dickerson, Samuel L. Lorah and Henry Temple. During 1861, the offices of county super- visors were created, which relieved the county judge of much of the business which had previously devolved upon him, and the office was shorn of much of its 'W^ ^|e- ?^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 381 importance. Under this dispensation the county judges were: Andrew Irwin, E. B. Bell, D. A. Barnett and L. L. Alexan- der. In the chapter under the title of National, State and County Representa- tion, this office is treated in detail, and personal sketches of many of the judges will be found. CHAPTER XII. THE BAR. Horace Greeley once said that the only good use a lawyer could be put to was hanging, and a great many other people entertain the same opinion. There may be cause for condemning the course of certain practitioners of the law, but the same may be said within the ranks of all other professions. Such men should not be criticised as lawyers, doctors or the like, but rather as individuals who seek, through a profession that is quite essen- tial to the welfare of the body politic as the science of medicine is to that of the physical well being, or theology to the perfection of moral nature, to carry out their nefarious and dishonest designs, ■which are usually for the rapid accumu- lation of money, although at times for more evil and sinister purposes, and which are the instincts of naturally de- praved and vicious natures. None of the professions stand alone in being thus affected. All suffer alike. The most holy and sacred offices have been prosti- tuted to base uses. And it would be quite as reasonable to hold the entire medical fraternity in contempt for the malprac- tice and quackery of some of its unscru- pulous members, or the church, with its thousands of sincere and noble teachers and followers, in derision for the hypoc- ricy and deceit of the few, who simply use it as a cloak to conceal the intentions of a rotten heart and corrupt nature, as to saddle upon a profession as great as either, the shortcomings of some of its individual members. By a wise ordination of Providence, law and order govern everything in the vast and complex system of the universe. Law is everything — lawyers nothing.. Law would still exist, though every one of its professors and teachers should per- ish from the face of the earth. And should such a thing occur, and a new race spring up, the first instinctive desire of its-best men would be to bring order out of chaos by the enactment and promulga- tion of wise and beneficial laws. Law in the abstract is as much a component part ^5 -« 3 JL 382 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. of our planet as are the elements, earth, air, fire and water. In a concrete sense, as applied to the government of races, nations and peoples, it plays altnost as important a part. Indeed, so grand is the science, and so noble are the objects sought to be accomplished through it, that it has inspired some of the best and greatest men of ancient and modern times to an investigation and study of its prin- ciples; and in the long line of great names handed down to us from the dim and shadowy portals of the past, quite as great men will be found enrolled as mem- bers of the legal profession as any other, and owe their greatness to a sound know- ledge of the principles of law, and a strict and impartial application of them. Draco, among the first and greatest of Athenian law-givers, was hailed by the people of that province as a deliverer, because of his enacting. laws and enforc- ing them, for the preventing of vice and crime, and looking to the protection of the masses from oppression and lawless- ness. It is true, that many of the penal- ties he attached to the violation of the laws were severe and even barbarous, but this severity proceeded from an honorable nature, with an honest desire to improve the condition of his fellow-man. Trip- tolemus, his contemporary, proclaimed as laws: "Honor your parents, worship the Gods, hurt not animals." Solon, perhaps the wisest and greatest of all, a man of remarkable purity of life and noble im- pulses, whose moral character was so great, and conviction as to the public good so strong, that he could and did refuse su- preme and despotic power when thrust upon him, and thus replied to the sneers of his friends: Nor wisdom's plan, nor deep laid policy. Can Solon boast. For, when its noble blessing Heaven poured into his lap, he spurned them from him. Where were his sense and spirit, when enclosed He found the choicest prey, nor deigned to draw it? Who to command fair Athens but one day Would not himself, with all his race, have fallen Contented on the morrow? What is true of one nation or race in this particular is true of all, viz: that the wisest and greatest of law makers and lawyers have always been pure and good .men, perhaps the most notable exceptions being Justinian and Tribonianns. Their great learning and wisdom enabled them to rear as their everlasting monument the Pandects and the Justinian Code, which, however, they sadly defaced by the im- moralities and excesses of their private lives. Among the revered of modern nations will be found, conspicuous for their great services to their fellows, in- numerable lawyers. To the Frenchman the mention of the names of Tronchet, LeBrun, Portalis, Roederer, and Thibau- deau, excites a thrill of pride for great- ness and of gratitude for their goodness. What Englishman, or American eithe'', but that takes just pride in the splendid reputation and character of the long line of England's loyal lawyer sons? The Bacons, father and son, who, with Lord Burleigh, were selected by England's greatest queen to administer the affairs of State, and Soraers, and Hardwicke, Cow- per, and Dunning, Elden, Blackstone, Coke, Stowell, and Curran, who, with all the boldness of a giant and eloquence of f ^^ — ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNT r. 383 ^[f f Demosthenes, struck such vigorous blows against kingly tyranny and oppression; and Erskiue and Mansfield, and a score of others. These are the men who form the criter- ion by which the profession should be judged. And in our own country, have we not names among the dead as sacred, and among the living as dear? In the bright pages of the history of a country, founded for the sole benefit of the people, who, more than pur lawyers, are recorded as assisting in its formation, preservation, and working for its perpetuity? The American will ever turn with espe- cial pride, to the great Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, Jo. Daviess, Rufus Choate, William Wirt, Taney, Marshall, and hun- dreds of others, who reflected the great- est honor upon the profession in our own country. Among the truest and best sons of this State are her lawyers, and even in this county, some of her most highly e>- teemed and most responsible citizens are members of this noble profession. S. M. Tucker, who biiilt the first house in Lewis, was the pioneer lawyer of the county. He came in 1,853, and practiced his profession whenever occasion required, until he left Lewis. He was married in 1854 to Miss Mary Hitchcock, in this county. Theirs was among the early marriages in the county. 'Mr. Tucker was shrewd and quick-witted, and was consid- ered a very good lawyer. He left with the rush in 1860, and went to Colorado. ATTORNEYS OF ATLANTIC. The first expounder of Blackstone to cast his lot with the fortunes of the town of Atlantic, then in its infancy, was H. T. Sharp, who came in December, 1868. 25 He was the only one to arrive in the first year of the city's life, bat early in 1869 he found company of his own profession in the person of J. T. Hanna ; and these two gentlemen, finding each other congen- ial, formed a copartnership, under the name of Sharp & Hanna. Tiiis firm had the field to themselves but a short time, for H. Temple and Julian Phelps, who were practicing at the old county t^eat, es- tablished an office in Atlantic, taking their share of the legal business About the same time, two other attorneys of Lewis, H. E. Gristwold and J. W. Brown also chose Atlantic for a field, and opened an office. C. F. Loofbourow removed from Grove City to Atlantic while those mentioned were coming up from Lewis. A. S. Churchill, R. (i. Phelps and L. L. DeLano also came soon after, the last two being another addition from Lewis. THE PRESENT BAR OP ATLANTIC. The bar of the present consists of the following named : C. F. Loofbourow, E. Willard, Isaac Hopper, D. Harding, H. E. Griswold, J. W. Brown, G. E^ Pennell, L. L. DeLano, R. G. Phelps, H. A. Dis- broWjJamesB.Brufif, Reynolds and Dolan, A.S.Churchill. John Hudspeth, J.Phelps and Henry Temple. C. F. Loofbourow, the present district judge, is also an attorney of Atlantic. He is noticed in the preceding chapter in connection with his official capacity. R. G. Phelps, one of the prominent lawyers of Atlantic, is a native of War- ren county, Illinois, born January 26 1846. His early life was spent upon a farm. He was an apt scholar and re- ceived a good education, graduating from Monmouth college in the class of 1867, ^t 384 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. it^^ of whicli'he was valedictorian. He stud- ied law will) Stewart and Plielps, at Mon- mouth, and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court at Ottawa, during the spring terra of 18C8. He came to Cass county July 10, 1868, first locating at Lewis, and moved to At*ntic during the winter of 1869-'70, where he engaged in the practice of his profession in the firm of Phelps and DeLano, continuing in that partnership until 1881, when heabandoned the practice of law for a time. He re- sumed in 1882, and has since continued, having at this time a lucrative practice. He was married in this county, Septem- ber 20, 1871, to Alice Hardenburgh, a na- tive of New York. They hive one child, Porter. He is at this time county attor- ney, and is also employed by different I'ailroads as a regular attorney. L. L. DeLano, attorney at law, of At- lantic, first came to this county in 1868, settling at that time in Lewis, where he remained engaged in the practice of his profession) until the year following, when he came to Atlantic, where he is now living, and is widely known, having a considerable practice in the State and United States courts. He is a native of "Washington county, Ohio, and spent his youth upon a farm near Marietta. He is of English and French extraction, and was born January IV, 1846. His early education was obtained in the common schools of his native county, supple- mented by a course of instruction at the Glendale high school in Washington county. When eighteen years old his father died, and thus being thrown upon bis own resources, he soon afterwards taught school a short time, and then came to Iowa, first stopping at Indianola, War- ren county, where he entered the law office of Maxwell and Brian. He was ad- mitted to the bar March 16, 1868, Judge Maxwell presiding. He was married Octo- ber 1, 1868, to Martha A. Hockett. They have five children — Zeta G., Zoe L., Zeb. II., Zac. W. and Zella M. Mr. DeLano is the president of the school board, and has the respect and confidence of the commu- nity in which be lives. Among the foremost members of the bar of southwestern Iowa is the subject of this sketch, E. Willard. He is a na- tive of Wyoming county. New York, and was born on the 21st of December, 1841, being the son of Rossell and Phoebe (Rich) Willard, both natives of Vermont. While the subject was quite young his parents removed to Williams county, Ohio, and from there to Indiana. In April, 1861, he enlisted in company C, Ninth Indiana Infantry for three months service; at the expiration of which time he returned home and the company re-or- ganizing, he again enlisted and served till March, 1863, when he was discharged for disability, having been wounded at Shiloh. He enlisted as a private, was afterwards appointed second lieutenant, and after the battle of Shiloh was appointtd adjutant of regiment and first lieutenant. After his discharge he- returned to his home in Elkhart,Indiana,remaining there till April, 1864, when he removed to Adel, Dallas county, Iowa. He commenced the study of law in 1858, while attending school at Notre Dame, Indiana, where he received his education. He studied law in the pri- vate office of Albert Heath for some three years, and was admitted to the bar ■^f > "k^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 385 in the spring of 18B1. After going home from the war he followed his profession for one year before going to Adel, Iowa, where he remained until 18V6, when he removed to Dallas, Texas, and practiced there till June, 1881, then returning to Iowa and settling in Atlantic, Cass county, where he still resides, and has built up a reputation second to none in southwestern Iowa. He was married in Elkhart, Indi- ana, in August, 1861, to Miss Harriet Hopper, a native of Michigan, and the sister of Isaac Hopper, his partner. Mr. and Mrs. Wil'lard have been blessed with one child, Edward M., who graduated from the Atlantic high school in June, 1884. Mr. W. is a member of the Royal Arch Masons, I. 0. O. F. and the G. A. R. His residence is on the corner of Sixth and Linn streets. A. S. Churchill, one of the prominent attorneys of Atlantic, was born in Erie county. New York, in 1846, his parents being L. M. and Eliza (Smith) Churcliill. His parents moved to Green county, Wis- consin in 1848, where A. S. was reared to manhood, receiving his education in Evansviile seminary previous to the war. In 1862 he enlisted in company A, Twen- ty-second Volunteer Infantry, and partici- pated in a number of important engage- ments. During the entire war he was with the Army of the Cumberland, and was taken prisoner on the 3d of March, 1862, during the battle of Spring Hill. He was then taken to Libby Prison, where he was confined for five and a half months, being then exchanged and rejoining his regiment at Camp Benton, St. Louis. He also took part in the battle of Chickamau- ga, and was with Sherman in his march to the sea. He was discharged June 28, 1865, at Washington, D. C, after the grand review, in which he participated. On September 8th of the same year he entered the University of Chicago (bet- ter known as Douglas University), and graduated in the June class of 1868. Dur- ing his last two years in the university he studied for his profession, and in March, 1868, was admitted to the bar at Newton, Jasper county, Iowa, where his parents had removed two years previously. He remained in Jasper county until March, 18U9, when he moved to Atlantic and em- barked in the real estate business; and commenced tiie practice of his profession in 1872, and hag been eminently success- ful. Mr. Cimrchill was married February •22, 1869, to Miss Orlena C. Murphy, a na- tive of Knoxville, Tennessee, and who was born October 23, 1848. By this mar- riage there are two children — Amy E , born March 10, 1869, and Zetta B., born November 17, 1872. Mr. and Mrs. Church- ill a:re members of the Baptist church, Mr. C. having been a member of the Sab- bath school for twelve years. He was the first superintendent of the school, and to him is due much of the credit for its or- ganization. He was the first city clerk of Atlantic, and has always taken an ac- tive part in the welfare of the city, and in all matters pertaining to the purity of the city government. George E. Pennell came to Atlantic in 1877, and for the first year was employed in the Bank of Atlantic, at the expiration of which time he engaged in his present business. He was born in Connecticut, where he remained until twenty years of age, when he went to Portland, Maine. J' k. 336 HISTORY OF OASS COUNTY. He was educated at the Wesleyan Uni- versity while in Connecticut, and after his removal to Portland entered the law office of Strout and Holmes for the purpose of reading law, where he remained about three years. He was afterward admitted to tlie bar, and practiced some time in that State, prior to his removal to Iowa. Ilis father, John P., was engaged in the mercantile business at Sac Rapids, near Portland, for a number of years. Mr. Pennell was married in 1878, to Miss May Kidder, a resident of Kennebec county, Maine. They have a family of three chil- dren — Iva II., Harry H. and ZinaM. Mr. Pennell is a member of the Knight Tem- plars; is an enterprising business man of energy and tact, and Las acquired consid- erable property. Hiram A. Disbrow, of the law firm of Brown and Disbrow, of Atlantic, is a na- tive of Ohio, and was born March II, 1844, his parents being Perry and Clarissa (Langdon) Disbrow, the former being Welsh and the latter French. When Hiram was thirteen years of age his parents re- moved to Cass county, Iowa, arriving in Lewis, May \1, 1857. At the age of six- teen years, he attended school in Grove City, but acquired the most of his educa- tion by his own exertions. July 27, 1862, he enlisted in company I, Twenty-third Iowa Infantry, and was engaged at Vicks- burg, Mississippi; Mobile, Alabama; in Texas; Port Gibson, Raymond, Champion Hill, Elack River Bridge, Spanish Fort, and many skirmishes. He entered the service as a private, was promoted ser- geant, and was lionorably discharged at Harrisburg, Texas, on the 25th day of August, 1865. He then returned to his home, attended district school, and spent six months in the Tabor schools, and dur- ing the winter of 1866 taught school near Atlantic. In the spring of 1867 he en- tered upon the study of medicine with Dr. Findley, which he continued for four months, when he concluded to return to Tabor and enter upon a classical course, graduating in the June Class of 1873. While attending school he was called to Colorado by the sickness of his brother, and remained there some six months, dur- ing which time he was engaged in mining and teaching school. After his gradua- tion he returned home and entered upon the study of law with Brown and Church- ill, in Ailantip, and was admitted to the bar six months later. In the winter of 1874 he went to Council Bluffs and entered the office of Montgomery and Scott. A short time afterwards he returned to At- lantic and opened an office for himself, and was elected that fall as county super- intendent of schools, which office he held for two terms. Mr. Disbrow was married in Sheffield, Ohio, to Miss Marietta Day, a daughter of Judge Day, formerly prin- cipal of the ladies' department at Tabor. He was appointed postmaster, and served until June, 1883. Dick Harding, although a young man, is one of the prominent attorneys of At- lantic, Iowa. He was born in Marion county, Ohio, on the 10th day of July, 1860, being the son of Newton and Elea- nor (Johnston) Harding, the latter now being the wife of James All man, of At- lantic. Dick spent his early life on a farm. He removed to Crawfoi'd county, Ohio, where he taught school, after grad- uating from the high school in that county. i<^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 389 soon as he had arrived at proper age, be- gan attendance at school. Among the schools he attended in Ohio was Denni- son University. He also studied for the legal profession in Ohio, under Judge James, of Znnesville. In the spring of 1848, he removed to Indiana, where he remained eight years. For seven years of this time he was clerk of the court in Grant county. While in Indiana he also attended the law department of the State University, at Bloomington, where he graduated in 1857. Leaving Indiana, he traveled by team to Southwestern Mis- souri, locating for a short time in Spring- field. From there he came to this county, having traveled in all twelve hundred miles by team, with household goods packed in the then almost universal prairie schooner. When he first located in Lewis, there was but a scant foundation of the town which afterward grew up on the site. lie bought four hundred acres of land. For the first two years his farming operations were carried on under consid- erable disadvantages; wood had to be hauled seven miles, and other necessaries like uncomfortable distances. In I860, he went, like most of his neighbors, to Pike's ' Peak. While on this trip he was cap- tured, on White river, by the Indians, but was afterwards released, and he arrived at California Gulch, now Leadville, in an al- most-starving condition. Finding no prospects of making money out there, he returned to Lewis, where he resided till 1863, when he removed to his farm. In 1869, he came to Atlantic, and was elected mayor in 1872, and made his residence here until 1876, when he again returned to the farm, on account of ill health. He has now one thousand acres of splendid slock land, most of which is sown to grass. The place has many valuable im- provements. In 1883, he came again to Atlantic, with the determination of mak- ing this his future home, and was chosen city solicitor for that year. January 1, 1884, he opened a law and collection office in the Copeland block, where he still con- tinues to transact business. He was mar- ried in Indiana, in the spring of 1819, to Miss Hannah A. Gregg, a niece of Colonel Steel. They have had seven children: Martha J., J. A., Preston (deceased); Lewis C, now emplo3'ed on Des Moines Daily News; Frank E., Ida Russell, and Mary B. Mr. Brown was the second law- yer in the county, having located in Lewis in April, 1856. He was also the first county superintendent of schools, having been chosen to fill that position in 1858. The residence, on Ciiestnut street, which he now occupifs, is the same one he built when he located in Atlantic in 1869, and during the entire time, Mr. Brown has lived in Cass county, he has always been active in all the reforms of the day; county before party, has always been bis motto. James B. Bruff, was born in Mahoning county, Ohio, May 29,1853, and is the son of Joseph and Anna M. (Ogden) BruflE. He spent his early life on a farm in his native State, attending the academy at Damascus, and Mount Vernon College at Mount Vernon, Ohio, and graduating from the latter in 1876, with the degree of B. A. He received the degree of Master of Arts in 1881. In 1876, he be- gan the study of law, and in 1880, came to Iowa, and attended the law depart- T^r- rs^ ^ 390 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ment of the State Uuivesity of Iowa, graduating from thence in June, 18al. The following winter he came to Atlan- tic, and bung out his shingle. He was married to Miss Jessie II. Cortland, May 30, 1883, and they have one child — Joseph C. ATTORNEYS OF LEWIS. S. M. Tucker was the pioneer attorney of Lewis, and was the only one for several years, as J. W. Brown, the next to locate in the town for the pui-pose of practicing law, did not come till 1856. He was not admitted to the bar till the October term of court, 1857, when, on motion of John Leonard, he was enrolled upon the list of attorneys. L. W. Ross came in 1856, and commenced practice. Henry Tem- ple was the fourth attorney to locate in Lewis. He came in 1858. The bar of Lewis, at present, has but one representative, Frank J. Macomber. Frank J. Macomber, attorney at law and real estate agent, at Lewis, was born at Boston, Massachusetts, January 31, 1853. His parents, K. W. and Martha S. (Alexander) Macomber, removed, in 1855, to Cass county, Iowa, and settled one-half mile north of the site of the present city of Atlantic, where they resided till 1860. In that year they moved to Lewis which has since been their home. Frank J. Macomber was educated in the high school at Lewis, then entered the Agri- cultural College at Ames, and graduated from that institution in 1875. He then assumed the position of principal of the Lewis schools, which he held two years. In the fall of 1877, he entered the law school in Iowa City and graduated in June, 1878. He began the practice of his chosen profession at Atlantic, but in the spring of 1880, removed to Lewis where he has since remained. October 7, 1884, Mr Macomber was united in marriage with Miss Clara Hill, of Grinnell, adaugh- ter of Henry Hill, of that city. Mr. Macomber's office is located on Main street, upon the south side of Market square. He is doing a flourishing busi- ness in the line of real estate, both in Cass and Pottawattamie counties. As a lawyer he is possessed of much ability, and other qualifications which fit him, in an eminent degree, for the practice of that profession. BAE OF ANITA. This is represented at present by J. E. •Bruce and C. M. Failing. James E. Bruce, was born in Poweshiek county, Iowa, on the 14th of April, 1860, and is the son of John and Sarah (Brock) Bruce. His father, was a native of Ohio, and enlisted in Company H., Twenty- eight Iowa Infantry, and died at Helena, Arkansas, on tlie 14th of May, 1863. Jaraes attended the common schools and graduated from the law department of the Iowa State University, in June, 1881. He immediately came to Cass county, and began the practice of his profession in the town of Anita. He was united in marri- age in October, 1882, with Miss Luella Voorhees, a daughter of Peter and Han- nah (Hoffman) VoOrhees, a native of New Jersey, but at the time of her marriage was a resident of Anita. They have one child — Clarence W. Mr. Bruce is a young man of much ability, having at- tained a good reputation from everyone in the county. He has an increasing ■^ ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 391 practice, and is doing a large business in his profession. ^ BAR OF GRISWOLD. The present Bar of Griswold is ably represented by W. F. Rightmire and C. S. Patterson. W. F. Rightmire, of the firm of Right- mire and Patterson, was the first attorney of Griswold. He is a native of Ithaca, Tliompkins county. New York, born March 23, 1849. His father was from the same State, and his mother was born in Connecticut, her ancestry being easily traced to the passengers who landed from the Mayflower on Plymouth Rock. Her grandfatlier, George Palmer, was a sol- dier in the War of the Revolution and in the War of 1812. Her father, William Franklin, was own nephew to Dr. Frank- lin. Mr. and Mrs. Rightmire, Sr., were married in Thompkins county. New York, September 20, 1842, and are the parents of six children, three of whom are now living. Mr. Rightmire, Jr., was reared upon a farm, and his father being in lim- ited circumstances, he worked at various occupations, and thus was able to attend, after a time,Ithaca academy, and obtained sufficient education to enable him to teach school. He afterward attended Cazenovia seminary, in Madison county, New York, and engaged in teaching a graded school in Pennsylvania and in other localities, following that profession some time. Meanwhile he read law, and fitted Iiim- self for the legal profession. In 1872 he went into the local ministry of the Evan- gelical association. In 1873 he was ap- pointed to what was called the "Jersey shore circuit." He was married March 3, 1874, to Margaret Ca,hran. In June of the same year, he came to LeClaire, Iowa, and engaged in keeping books; thence in the fall went to Hampton, Rock Island county, Illinois, and taught school. In the spring of 1875 he went on the river, acting as clerk on a raft steamer, and as agent for the Chippewa lumber company. In the fall of that year he went to Ca- manche, Clinton county, Iowa, and took charge of three schools. In 1876 he went to Sabula, Jackson county, and took charge of the Sabula schools, where, on account of failing eyesight, he resigned. In the fall of 1877 he taught school near Maquoketa, and in the spi-ing of 1878 went to Red Oak, Montgomery county, where he was unfit for business all summer on account of sickness. In the fall, with his health somewhat improved, he taught school near there through the winter, and the winter following. He was admitted to the bar at the April terra of the dis- trict court, in 1880. Upon the first day of May, 1880, he came to Griswold, opened an ofiice, and commenced the practice of his chosen profession. He has been emi- nently successful, and has a lucrative and rapidly increasing practice. Politically he is a Republican, and takes an active part in the dissemination of the principles of that party, canvassing the ninth con- gressional district under the auspices of the State Central committee, in 1884. Mr. and Mrs. Rightmire are the parents of three children now living: Robert A., born March 12, 1875; Claude H,,born May 2, 1882; and John S., born August 18, 1884. C. S. Patterson, of the firm of Right- mire and Patterson, is a native of Wood county, Michigan, born July 16, 1859. He is a son of Rev. Wm. Patterson and Frances W' ^K 392 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. (DeLong) Patterson, of French descent. William Patterson was formerly engaged in the lumber trade, and in 1861 enlisted in the service of his country. The sub- ject of this sketcli came to Iowa in 1866, and located at Charles City, where he graduated in the public schools. He re- ceived an academic education at Malvern, in Mills county, Iowa. In 1818 he com- menced reading law, at the same time teaching school. He entered the class of 1880, at the Iowa City University. The following winter he taught school, then returned to Iowa City and graduated in the class of 1882. He began the practice of his profession at West Liberty. In March, 1883, he came to Griswold and formed a partnership with Mr. Rightmire, and has since continued the practice of law. In July, 1884, Mr. Patterson was married to Miss "Vesta D. Morris, daughter of John Morris, of Harrison connty. Mr. Patterson is a young man of much ability, and has already earned for himself an en- viable reputation. ->• CHAPTER XIII THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. Voltaire has said that a physician is the most unfortunate of men, as he is expect- ed to cure men, and keep them well, when they violate the very laws of their exist- ence, every hour of their lives. Hence the life of the active practitioner in the healing art is no sinecure, at the best, as any one who has followed the profession can testify. Twenty-five to thirty years ago it was rather a serious matter to be a physician ftnd to make the long and toil- some rides, through this then newly and sparsely settled country, when there were scarcely any roads, and no bridges, and the adventurous disciple of Galen was frequently lost on the wide prajrie, and often floundered through sloughs. Often in the muddy days of spring or fall, he found, on emerging from some particular- ly miry place, that his girth was broken, or some equally important part of the harness damaged, and alone on the wide expanse of wind swept prairie, with night coming on, he must stop and repair it, with fingers numbed with the cold and energies exhausted by a hard day's labor. The medical profession is an honorable one if conducted in an honorable manner. John Quincy Adams called it "the most honorable of the professions." And one of our eminent physicians in speaking of it, uses the following, words: riv A! Ja »^ lilSTOKY OF CASS COUNTY. 393 4^ "The doctor certainly feels proud to re- lieve tlie pain and distress of bis patients; to sootlie the dyingpillow, and to comfort the afflicted friends. But the people are sometimes imposed upon by pretenders, who claim to cure all the "ills flesh is heir to," and to raise the dead, but we think the days of miracles have passed — are there too many doctors, or has the profession lost all honor? The people seem to be growing weaker and wiser, but at the expeiise of vigorous health — the system of cramming in school does not fit the young man for a useful life, nor the young woman to be a good staunch help- meet. Was the boy bright and clever, that was sufficient reason for the forcing and cramming him — so far however as that goes, the boys have a certain con- servatism about them that prevents them from committing suicide by excessive brain work. The poor girls, with their finer organizations are the unfortunate victims. IIow often does the doctor have interesting lady patients, who talk beautifully, as they recline upon the sofa, but who, when married and mothers of a single child,' probably are unequal to the task of a household, or the care of a family. "Our great grandmothers got their schooling during winter months, and let their brains lie fallow for the rest of the year. They knew less of Euclid and the classics, than about housekeeping, and about how housework should be done, but they made-good wives and mothers, and bore sturdy sons and buxom daughters and plenty at that. "From the age of eight to fourteen our daughters spend most of their time, either in the unwholesome air of the recitation room, or poring over their books, when they should be at play. When released from school, within a year it may be she becomes engaged to some unwary youth, who, bewitched by her face, and charmed by her intelligence, sees not the frail body, and butterfly down, he weds her to find she has brought him a dower of ill- health, with a large outfit of headaches, and spineaches. Unequal to the task, she at first tolerates, and then loathes the domestic ties; the trouble follows, both are unhappy whether they remain together or not, or obtain divorces, and change mates, the doctor being a perpetual witness to the vices and follies and their fatal results. Some may say doctors are op- posed to education. Not so. But we do not believe in educating the mind at the expense of the body, thereby producing a weak and effeminate race of people. Therefore less cramming in school, more out-door exercise, and riding on horseback and walking, also invigorates the body, develops the muscular system, strengthens the nerves, promotes the health, and ap- petite, and is a great pleasure to the per- sons so inclined. Planting trees, shrub- bery, and otherwise beautifying our homes, than which nothing can be more pleasing and satisfactory to ourselves and to those who admire such things — and who does not?" The people owe certain duties"to~tbe physician, and the physician owes certain duties to the people, and the way these duties are performed stamps the standing both of the practitioner and the commun- ity. In all ages of the world, among civil- ¥ a *_ 394 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ized and uncivilized people, the medical profession lias been held in high esteem. Whether it be the learned professor, who has studied the science of medicine in all its branches, or the "great medicineman" of the untutored savages, who from actual experience, has made discoveries of the healing powers of herbs and roots, honor awaits him upon every hand, while the life and death of every human being is virtually placed in his keeping. The weary patient lying upon a bed of pain, and the no less weary watcher by his side, wait anxiously for the coming of the "good doctor," and, on his arrival, note his every movement and every expression of countenance for a ray of hope. The medical fraternity of Cass county have, with few, if any exceptions, been an honor to the profession. They have ever been ready to respond to the call of duty. The winter's cold, the summer's heat, or the rains of spring and autumn could not keep them back when the cry of distress reached their ears. Not a physician in the county, especially among those who settled here at an early day, but has exper- ienced sufferings that would have deterred those in any other profession, in i-esponse to a summons to attend the bedside of a sick and suffering one. They have been compelled to cross trackless prairies, to face blizzards from the north, often with no hope of fee or reward, but only, if pos- sible, to relieve those who plead for their care. All this has been done by the phy- sicians of Cass county without complaint. If the good deeds of the profession are not remembered by those who have re. oeived aid, a time will come when they will be remembered. In the following review of the medical profession in the various towns and cities of the county, some of the most prominent doctors, who have practiced only for a time, will be noticed first, and then the representatives of the profession in 1884. FIKST PHYSICIANS IN THE COUNTY. In the early days of the county, the peo- ple were compelled to get along without medical assistance in cases of sickness or accident, and some there were who be- lieved they got along as well without as with the aid of physicians. But many felt the need of a disciple of the healing art, and in response to their wishes, Jere- miah Uradshaw went to Rockport, Mis- souri, and secured Dr. Swisher, whom he brought to Lewis. Mr. Swisher was con- sidered a good doctor, and did well. He brought his wife with him, but had the misfortune to lose her by death in 1857. Shortly afterwards he took his departure, going to Kansas. PHYSICIANS OF LXWIS. Doctor W. B. Swisher settled at the new town of Lewis in the fall of 1853, and vras the pioneer physician of that town, and the second in the' county. He "hung out his shingle," and entered upon the practice of his profession, which he continued about a year, when he departed for "pastures new," this being too healthy for him to thrive and grow wealthy as soon as he desired. Doctor Henry S. Carey, came to Lewis, from Albia, Monroeoounty, Iowa, in 1855, and located permanently. He was a good physician and attained quite a practice. He died ^hile a resident of this place in 1867. Doctor A. Teal, came to the town of Vr- ^(^ Vi HIST0R7 OF CASS COUNTY. 395 Lewis in 1856, and opened an office. He was a practitioner of the lioraeopathic school. He remained here many years, but moved into Bear Grove township. Doctor John B. Carey, a brother of. H. S. Carey, M. D., came to Lewis and en- tered into practice with his brother, in that place. He died in 1863. Doctor N. W. Whitted located at Lewis in 1860, entering upon the practice of medicine and surgery. In 1862, when the dark cloud of war overhung our fair land, when company I,of theTwenty-thirdlowa Infantry regiment, was being raised at Lewis, Whitted enlisted. In 1863, here- signed and came home, and resuming practice, carried it on until 1865, when he died. Doctor D. Findley located in 1862, hav- ing practiced some little time at Grove City, and remained until September, 18'73, when he removed to the city of Atlantic, where he pow resides. LEWIS PUTSICIANS OF THE PBKSEKT. Lewis has now a small but able band of practitioners, in the healing art, among whom are: M. J. Davis, S.E. H. Gannon, L. M. Andrews, J. G. Rishel, and C. L. Campbell. Dr. Davis is not in full practice, although one of the finest surgeons in the State, and is noticed in connection with the post office and business interests of Lewis. Doctor L. M. Andrews, son of Rev. John and Charlotte (Moore) Andrews, is a native of Franklin, Portage county, Ohio, born October 16, 1824. Rev. John Andrevvs was a Presbyterian clergyman and is now deceased. Doctor Andrews lived in Portage and Summit counties', in his native State, until twenty-seven years of age. He obtained his education at Tallmage, in Summit county, taking an academic course. He then coinmencLil tlie study of medicine with Dr. Amos Wright with whom he continued five years. In the seasons of 1849 and 1850, 1850 and 1851, 1851 and 1852, he attend- ed medical lectures at Cleveland, Ohio, graduating in 1852. He went to Peoria county, Illinois and began practicing his profession at Princeville, where he re- mained until the breaking out of the civil ^var. From that time until October, 1864, he acted as assistant surgeon of the Forty- seventh Illinois Iiifantry. He was mus- tered out of the service with the regi- ment, at tlie time above mentioned. He returned to Princeville and remain till September, ISIo, at which date he remov- ed to Cass county and settled at Lewis. Doctor Andrews possesses a wide and en- viable reputation as a physician and is in the enjoyment of an extensive and remu- nerative practice, all of which he justly de- serves, having earned the same by constant study and application to business. He was married June 26, 1853, to Miss Fannie J. Robinson, a native of Clinton, New York, and daughter of Aslier Robinson. By this union there were five children — John K. Andrews, deceased, Forest C, Edwin B., Fannie E., and Mary Louisa. Doctor Andrews is a member of the Blue lodge. Masonic fraternity. Both he and his wife are members of the Congregational church.. His residence is upon a farm on section 12. Here he is engaged in stock raising, making a specialty of hogs. Ho has a valuable farm, desirably located, also timber land in Bear Grove township. Dr. S. E. H. Gannon, is a native of ^ 9 396 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Monroe county, New York, and was born on the iTth of May, 1844, his parents be- ing N. S. and Mary A. Gannon. When fifteen years of age he went to California, and was there engaged in teaching school nearly five years, when he went to Europe, with Ilia brother. He traveled through Italy, England, France, and desiring to see the Holy Land, he traveled through Palestine and Egypt, and spent much of his time in Jerusalem. He spent about nine months on his trip and returning home in 1866, he comtnenced the study" of medicine with his brother, who at the time was a prominent pliysician. S. E. H. Gannon then entered a medical college at Chicago, and graduated in 1869. Since that time he and his brother have lectured and practised in different places, and in the fall of 1880, he came to Lewis, and has since made it his home. Before coming to this county he practised his profession in Dubuque about two years, and about two years in Madison, Wisconsin. The Doctor has been very successful in his practice, and commands the confidence of the community. He is both a physician and surgeon, and has treated some very difficult cases in his time. Mr. Gannon is a member of the Odd Fellows organization. John G. Rishel, M. D., was born in Lewisburg, Union county, Pennsylvania. When he was nine years of age his father, Benjamin Rishel, settled in Stephenson county, Illinois, where his aged parents still reside. His early education -^as lim- ited to the village schools' with at- tendance at the Freeport high school, also the Warren Collegiate Institute, all in Illinois. During his time of study he taught a number of terms of school in northern Illinois, achieving a desirable reputation as a successful teacher. April '20, 1861, he was among the first to respond to our country's call for three months vol- unteers. This service being full before his company was organized, he was on the 24th day of May, 1861, mustered into the United States service for three years, or during the war, as a member of com- pany G, Fifteenth Illinois Regiment Infan- try. In the fall of 1861, while in the ma- larial regions of Missouri, he contracted disease from which he has never fully re- covered and was discharged on account of said disability. Dr. Rishel, following the time of his discharge from the array, and still suffering from disease of lungs, enter- ed the oflice of Dr. N. Prentice, of Free- port, Illinois, as student and patient. In the winter of 1863, he attended a course of lectures at Rush Medical college, Chicago. Subsequently at Hahnemann Medical col- lege, Chicago, where he graduated as a homoepathist, March 9, 1866. January 31, 1865, he again enlisted to enter the medical department as hospital steward of the Forty-sixth Illinois regiment, was then detailed as acting hospital steward in the first division hospital Thirteenth Army Corps, and after taking of Mobile was as- signed a position as dispensing druggist in tlie dispensary of the United States Ma- rine general hospital, at Mobile, serving as sucligi,until time of his final discharge. After completing his medical education, in 1866, he commenced practice in Water- loo, Iowa, remaining one year, then moved to Monroe, Wisconsin. In 1869 he returned to Waterloo and continued in practice there until the summer of 1873. His health again failing him he decided ^s M>^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTx' 39V upon a change of climate, coming at that time into Cass county, and finding an ap- preciable difference in the climate of south western Iowa, the following spring he took up his permanent abode in Lewis, and has since been engaged in the prac- tice of his profession, when his impaired health would permit. As a practitioner, his success has won for him a remunerative practice. Dr. Rishel is a member of Hahnemann State Medical Association, of Iowa, also a graduate of the Hahnemann Medical Institute, of Chicago, and was in 1866, elected to the chair of special path- ology and diagnosis in ssid institute. April ] 1,1866, he married Almira Switzer, of Waterloo. To them were born four children — John Benjamin, May Maud, Austin Eugene and Herman Dvvight Rish- el, the three eldest of whom are still liv- ing. Both he and his wife are members of the Congregational church. Doctor Cassius L. Campbell was born in Venango county, Pennsylvania, August 22, 1856, and is the son of John M. and Lavinia (Leitner) Campbell. He was reared in the place of his nativity, but attended the fine Grove academy, Mercer county, and Westminster college, at New Wilmington, Lawrence county, where he remained one year. He then commenced the study of medicine with a Doctor J. J. Wallace, of New Castle. After a time spent with him he entered upon a course of lectures at the Miami Medical college, of Cincinnati, Ohio, attending there two terms, and an intermediate one at the medical department of the Wooster Insti- tute. He graduated from the first named medical school in March, 1881, and com- menced the practice of medicine in Brownsdale, Butler county, Pennsylvania, where he remained until he came to Lewis, Cass county, in January, 1883. He was, at first, in partnership with Doctor S. E. n. Gannon, but is now with Doctor L. M. Andrews. PHTSICIAKS OF ATLANTIC. The. first physician to locate in the town of Atlantic was Dr. Sanders, who came to that town, then in its infancy, in 1868. He died there. Doctors J. H. Barnwell and G. S. Mont- gomery removed from Grove City to At- lantic'in 1869, and Doctor Richards settled in the embryo city the same year. Dr. G. S. Montgomery, druggist of At- lantic, is a native of Adams county, Illi- nois, and was born on the 22d day of De- cember, 1838, being the son of Levi and Fanny (Boyles) Montgomery, the former being a native of Ohio, and the latter of New York. In 1856, the doctor's parents came to Iowa, and settled in Audubon county, near Exira, where they have since died. G. S. began reading medicine un- der Dr. John Carey, at Lewis, in 1862, but had previously studied for some three years. During the winter of 1862 and 1863, he attended lectures at Keokuk, after which he returned to Exira and taught school both there and in Grove City, and at the latter point began practicing his profession, and, in connection, ran a drug store. In December, 1868, he removed to Atlantic and practiced until 18V9, when he closed his practice, and at present pays particular attention to his drug trade, but also prescribes some. Mr. Montgomery was married in Jefferson, Greene county, Iowa, on the 22d day of September, 1864, to Miss Harriet Stanford, a native of In- T 398 HISTORY OF — » CASS COUNTY. diana. They have two cliildren: Orion S. and Edward S. Mr. M. has been very successful in everything he has under- taken, and now has a large drug store and is doing a fine business. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and resides on the corner of West Maple and Sixth streets. Dr. James H. Barnwell, one of the prominent physicians of Atlantic, was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsyl- vania, in 1841. When he had reached the age of six years, his father removed to Iowa, locating at Fairfield, Jefferson county, and after six years spent here re- moved to Indianola. His father was a merchant. James H. attended school at Blue Bird seminary, now Simpson college. In 1861, when the government was calling on the patriots of the country to assist in defense of the Union, he enlisted in the Tenth Iowa Infantry, in which he remain- ed six months. At the end of six months he came home, but soon re-entered the service in the Thirty-fourth Iowa, in which he was made hospital steward. This position gave him an excellent op- portunity for the study of medicine, which he duly improved. After his retirement from the army, he came home and entered the office of Drs. Davis and McCleary, at Indianola, where he pursued his medical studies for two years; he also attended Rush Medical College in 1866 and 1867, and graduated in the spring of 1868. lie came to Grove City in June, 1868. He practiced in Grove City until the early part of 1869, when he came to Atlantic, at the same time Judge Loofbourow removed to the latter place. He practiced as an allo- pathist for two years, and then commenced the study of homoeopathy, which branch of the medical profession he has since been identified with. In 1883, he went to New York and spent the winter with Professor John Butler, in the study of electro-therapeutics, and became adept in the different methods of electric and gal- vanic treatment. He now makes a spe- cialty of chronic diseases. He was mar- ried at Indianola, in August, 1869, to Miss Ilattie Craig, a sister of Judge A. M. Craig, of the supreme court of Illinois. They have one child — a daughter — whose name is Susie D. Dr. Barnwell is the oldest practicing physician in Atlantic, in point of residence. He has been very successful in his practice, and has accum- ulated considerable property, located in Atlantic and Des Moines.. His residence is on Linn street, between Fifth and Sixth, and his office is over Slaughter Bros.' dry goods store. R. D. Wilkin, M. D., who came to At- lantic in 1875, is a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania, being born Febru- ary 12, 1839, and is a son of Andrew and Marian (Henderson) Wilkin, natives of Pennsylvania also. He was a farmer, spending his early life in Pennsylvania, and afterward removed to Harrison coun- ty, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Wilkin were members of the United Presbyterian Church, and did much for its advance- ment and always took an active part in education. Dr. R. D. Wilkin was reared upon a farm and received an academic ed- ucation at Pleasant Valley, Pennsylvania. In 1859 he began reading medicine with an older brother in Harrisonville, Ohio. In 1861, he enlisted as private in com- pany I, First Pennsylvania Cavalry, and -11 9 "t J* HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 399 participated in the battles of Bull Run, Cedar Mountain, Gettysburg and many skirmisbes. During a service of three years he was promoted to the office of sergeant, and also spent about eleven months in the hospital at Washington City. After returning to Ohio, he pur- sued the study of medicine, and in 1866 removed to Pella, Warren county, Iowa. In 1869 he attended lectures at the Keokuk Medical College, from which place he graduated in the class of 18T0. Return- ing to Pella, he began the practice of his profession, which he continued until com- ing to Atlantic in 1875. In the fall of 1876 he embarked in the drug business, which he continued until the spring of 1884, when he opened a crockery and china store, the only exclusive store of this kind in Atlantic. He was united in marriage in 18ii7, to Miss N. V. Watson, a daughter of Joshua P. Watson, of Har- risonville, Ohio. The doctor is a mem- ber of the Blue Lodge and chapter, and in politics is a Republican. In 1881 he was chairman of the county central com- mittee, and at present is a member of ihf city council of Atlantic, The doctor is one of the enterprising citizens of Atlan- tic, and has taken an active interest in the development of the same. David Findley, M. D., one of the lead- ing and pioneer physicians of Cass county, was born in Washington, Guernsey coun- ty, Ohio, August 31, 1830. He was the son of Rev. Samuel Findley, a pastor of the United Presbyterian faith, who was sent to Iowa in 1840, as a missionary of the Associate Reform church, traveling on horseback both ways. He followed the ministry until his death, which occurred at the home of his son, Rev. William T. Findley, in Newark, New Jersey. Prior to his death, he established the Madison College, at Antram, Ohio, at which place he was pastor of a church for nearly forty years, and in the winter of 1861 vis- ited with his son David, in Cass county. His wife's maiden name was Margaret Ross, who was a native of Ireland. She died very suddenly in Antram, Ohio, while Iier husband was in attendance at the Synod, at Pittsburg. David's early life was spent in Washington and Antram, Ohio, at which latter place he was educa- ted until January, 1852, when he went to California by water. He came near being drowned while gaining the boat at Wheel- ing, and was shipwrecked on the southern cpast of California and was picked np by a whaling uessel, which made bis trip about a month in reaching San Francisco, lie remained there but a short time and then went to Nevada and engaged in the raining business. He spent about two years in the West, accumulating quite a sum of money. He then returned to An- tram, Ohio, where he was married Au- gust 26, 1856, to Miss Martha J .Barr, of Monongahela City, Pennsylvania, a daugh- ter of James Barr, coroner at that place. The subject of this sketch afterward car- ried out the desire he had maintained from boyhood— that of studying medi- cine, lie studied under Dr. W. M. An- derson, of Antram, and in 1859 came to Iowa, where he received a diploma from the Keokuk Medical College, when he lo- cated in Madison. He followed his pro- fession there until 1861, when he removed to Cass county, settling at Grove City, spending the winter of 1801 in the base- ift 26 1^ 400 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ment of Judge Barnett's house. In the fall of 1862 he moved to Lewis, but only remained there a couple of moiiths, when he went to Indianola, Warren county. At the request and solicitation of friends he returned to Lewis in May, 1863, as the leading i)hysician of that place had died. He remained there until Septemher, 1875, when he removed to Atlantic, where he has since remained. Since his removal to Atlantic he lias been engaged some years in the drug business, in addition to his large and increased practice, but entirely disposed of his interest in that concern recently. He owns two farms in Cass county, besides line residence property in Atlantic, on the corner of Seventh and Linn streets, lie has a family of seven children, two of whom are dead: David P. and Sarah M. Tliose living are : Samuel C, AVilliam J., Jessie C, 'J'homas P., Mary M. Mr. Findley is a member of the I. O. O. F. lodge, having filled all the chairs of that body. He is also a member of the Congregational church, although all his relative are Presbyterians, and he has two brothers who are ministers of that denomination. Dr. J. M. Emmert was born in "Wash- ington county, Maryland, June 13, 1846, and is the son of Joshua and Anna G. (Funk) Emmert. His mother is a na- tive of Pennsylvania, her people having settled in the southeastern part of that State in 1745, and some still reside there. Her father was a large farmer of that State, and was a member of the State Leg- islature when Thaddeus Stevens offered the first bill to establish fall schools. Grandfather EmraeVt moved to Illinois about the year 1845, and was one of the pioneers of Lee county. He was a min- ister of the German Baptist faith, and erected the first Baptist church in that county, at an early day, almost en- tirely from his own resources. Dr. Em- mert spent his early life in Washington county, Maryland, and was educated at Mechanicsburg and Millersville State Normal school, Pennsylvania. He grad- uated at Jefferson Medical college, Phila- delphia, March 9, 1872, but had taught school prior to the study of medicine. A short time after graduating he came west to Iowa, locating at Hamburg, Fremont county, in June, 1872, and was married October 28, 1873, to Miss Ida Washa- baugh, a native of Franklin county,Penn- sylvania. March 16, 1874, he removed to Atlantic, Iowa, where he has since achieved good success in the practice of his profession. He is a member of the State Medical society and the American Medical association, to which latter body he has twice been a delegate. He has been a member of the committee on micrology and arrangements several times, and in 1876 was a delegate to the International Medical Congress, in Philadelphia. He has held the position of assistant surgeon for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad since 1874, and has also filled important local offices of Atlantic, including city clerk, president of school board and health phy- sician. He is the Worshipful Master of the Masonic Lodge, a member of the Chapter and Prelate of Commandery. He is also a member of the I. O. U. F. and A. O. U. W. societies, and an elder of the First Presbyterian church of Atlantic. In May, 1882, he lost two children from r- IV '.\±, HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 401 diphtheria — Blanche, aged five years, aiid Dale, three years of age. There is one son left, Max, aged one year. He owns a drug store in Marne, Cass county, and lias acquired considerable property, having been financially successful in all his un- dertakings. In 1881 he was a candidate for representative on the Democratic ticket, from Cass county, which had a Kepublican majority of over one thousand, and was defeated by but ninety-nine votes in the county, which proves conclusively his popularity and standing among the people as a man of ability and eminence. He was also a delegate from the Ninth congressional district to the Democratic National con- vention, at Cliicago, in 1884, which placed in nomination the successful candidate. Among the leading physicians of Cass county is Dr. William C. Egan, who was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, July 22, 1846. His father, C. B. Egan, was a physician of forty-eight years' prac- tice, and died in 1878, at Blue Island, Illi- nois. The subject of this sketch was edu- cated at Blue Island and Chicago, enter- ing the Rush medical college in 1872, graduating there in the class of 1874-5. He located at Blue Island, where he prac- ticed until coming to Atlantic in June, 1877. He is a member of the State and American medical associations, and has acted as a delegate to the same, and has also filled the positions of president and secretary of the State association. At present he is county coroner and physi- cian for the city of Atlantic. In August, 1861, he enlisted in the Eighty-eighth Illinois Infantry, and on February 9, 1862, in the Eleventh Michigan Light Artillery, Battery L. As he was very young his father opposed his enlistment, all to no avail, as he was bound to go. He was on the whole of Morgan's raid, during which he was wounded, and on April 15, 1864, was discharged on account of disability. lie returned home and began the study of medicine. He was married in Pella, Iowa, January 2,1 870, to Miss Cebe Gardner and has a family of two children, Edward E. and Mary. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., the G. A. R. and the I. K. H. societies, in the latter of which he is a member of the finance committee and one of the trustees. Mr. Egan is Republican in politics, and both himself and wife are members of the Methodist church. Dr. J. W. Cannon, allopathic physi- cian, although a new man in this county, has been suocossful as a practitioner and has gained the confidence of the people. He was born in Hancock county, Illinois, April 15, 1849, and is the son of Arthur M. and Elizabeth (Gibson) Cannon, who are natives of Kouth Carolina, and of Scotch-Irish descent. Hi's early life was spent on a farm receiving a common school education during that time, and attended the college at Abingdon, Illinois, during the year 1864, and in 1S67 and 1868 at- tended the Branch institute,atMacomb,and afterwards graduated at the Quincy Com- mercial college. He entered the Medi- cal institute at Keokuk in the winter of 1872-3 from which place he afterwards graduated and practiced in Sac county until 1876, when he took another course at Keokuk. lie again returned to Sac county, where he remained until October, 1883, when he came to Atlantic. He was married in Sao City, October 2, 1878, to ^^ « »^ f -» if- . 402 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Miss Jennie Dobson, a native of Tippi- aiy, Ireland, but of English extrac- tion, her parents having removed to Ireland prior to her birth. They have one child — Ray, who is five years of age. The docteris a member of the county and state medical associations, and owns con- siderable property in Sac county, having been very successful there. Dr. A. P. Macomber, homeopathist, is a native of Massachusetts, born in May, 1831, and is a son of Ebenezer Macomber, of Franklin county, Massachusetts, who was of Scotch extraction and. died at Northampton. His mother was Sarah Ann Jewel, of Woodstock, Connecticut, a regular descendant of the old Jewel fam- ily. She died in 1874, aged eighty-six years. The subject of this sketch was liberally educated at Uxbridge, Massa- chusetts, where for a number of years he pursued his studies, meanwhile teaching school a part of the time. At the age of nineteen years he went to Woodstock, Vermont, and commenced the study of medicine, attending a course of instruc- tion, also reading under Joseph M. Bates, of Barry, Massachusetts, now of Wor- cester. He then attended a second course of lectures at Pitlsfield, Massachusetts, and afterward a third course at New York University Medical college, gradu- ating therefrom in the class of 1853. Directly afterward he commenced the • practice of his chosen profession in Win- chester, New Hampshire, where he re- mained eight years, then removed to Mai- den, Massachusetts, remaining five years, thence to Hackensack, New Jersey, where he practiced eleven years, then came to Atlantic, in July, 1878. His wife, to whom he was married in 1872, was Mrs. Fuller, formerly Miss Gray, born in Aurora, Portage county, Ohio, in 1839. She was married to her former husband in 1859, and lived in Connecticut eight years. She was a pupil of James A. Gar- field while lie was a teacher at Hiram College. Mr. Fuller died in March, 1867. In 1870 she attended a course of lectures at the Woman's Medical college, in Philadelphia. She attended a second course at Cleveland, Ohio, in a homeo- pathic medical school. She subsequently attended lectures in New York, and grad- uated in 1879 from the Hahnemann Medi- cal college, of Chicago. Since that time she has been in practice with her hus- band, making a specialty of the diseases of women and children. Their office is over Smith and Bonesteel's drug store. Dr. F. Reber, the German physician and surgeon, of Atlantic, Iowa, was born in Berne, Switzerland, in 1850, his father being Werick Reber, a fai-mer and export- er of cheese, and his mother being Anna Neenenschwinder. They were the par- ents of nine children, eight of whom are still living. The doctor was partly edu- cated in Berne. When twenty-two years of age he went to France, where he re- ceived a collegiate education, thus having two diplomas, one from Berne and one from Paris. On the 10th day of June, 1881, he landed in New York City, where he read medicine a phort time, and began practice in a town on the Hudson river. From there he went to Maryland, where he remained for several months practicing, then going to Chicago. In 1883 he came to Atlantic, Iowa, and embarked in the drug business and practice of his profes- W"- '^^iPV ^e >■ M ^J HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 403 sion, and has bnilt up a large and exten- sive practice in Atlantic and all over the county. Although he has been in the county a comparatively short time, he has given over 3,500 prescriptions. He was married in Chicago, in November, 1882, to Miss Lillie Biigge. Dr. B. A. Wilder came to Atlantic with his son, C. v., in 1874, and was in prac- tice until the fall of 1883. He was born in Lyndon, Vermont, on the 14th of June, 1824, and spent his early life on a farm, staying at home until he had arrived at the estate of manhood. He studied medicine and graduated from the college at Phila- delphia, and removing to Canada, entered into practice, and remained there four years when he removed to Dalton, Wis- consin. He made his residence in this latter State for fourteen years, when he came to Cass county. He was a very able physician and has the reputation of being one of the best surgeons that have ever been in this county. In October, 1883, he left this country going to Yankton, Dako- ta Territory, where he now is. Doctor C. V. Wilder came to Atlantic in January, 1874, with his father, Doctor B. A. Wilder, and the two entered into partnership which continued until Octo- ber, 1883, when the elder physician re- moved to Dakota. He is a native of Stan- stead, Canada, born September 22, 1851. When he was about four years old, his parents removed to Dalton, Sauk county, Wisconsin, where the subject of this sketch resided until lie attained the age of eighteen. He attended the usual dis- trict schools, and finished his preliminary education at the Jefferson Liberal Insti- tute. After leaving this educational es- tablishment he essayed mercantile life as a clerk in a store, but soon gave that up to follow in the footsteps of his father. He commenced the study of medicine with Doctor Blake, of Lodi, Wisconsin, with whom he remained eighteen months. In the winter of 1871-2, he attended a course of lectures at the Homeopathic Medical" college at Cincinnati, graduating from that institution in 1872. He at once en- tered upon the practice of medicine. In 1(?80, he feeling a lack in some depart- ments of liis science, took a course of lectures in the Hanover Medical college, which he repeated in 1882, and obtained the diploma of that college, in the latter year. Doctor Wilder is the leading ho- meopathist in the city. Doctor W. J. Willim is a native of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, born March 23, 1851, but early in life removed to Mercer county, in the same State. He attended the liigh school at Franklin, graduating therefrom in 1871. In the fall of that year, he came to Iowa, locating in Mar- shall county, where he studied medicine with Dr. Waters, of Marshalltown, and was his partner for a couple of years. He finished his studies while with him, and in 1883 came to Atlantic. He was united in marriage, in Marshalltown, June 7, 1877, to Miss Lottie Codure, by whom he has three children. The Doctor gives his attention to ear and eye diseases, and ailments of the skin, and is the proprie- tor of the Atlantic eye and ear infirmary, which he established in this place. Doctor W. F. Graham, came to Atlan- tic in 1880 from Louisa county and en- gaged in the practice of his profession. He is a member of what is known as ~&pv 1 r 404 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. the regular or allopathic school. He was born on the 3d of January, 1854, in Lou- isa county, and is the son of J. H. Gra- ham, a Dative of Kentucky, and a pliysi- cian,and Mary Graham, neeBrowti, a native of Ohio. W. F. Graham was raised in the county of his nativity and was educa- ted at Monmouth, Illinois, where he grad- uated in 1877. lie then entered upon the study of medicine with his father, who had been in practice in Louisa county since 1852, and in 1878 entered Rush Medical college, graduating therefrom in 1880. After practicing a short time with his father, he came to Atlantic, as above mentioned, and where he still remains. He was married in February, 1881, in Illi- nois, to Miss Dora Buck. 1'he doctor is the secretary of the Botna Valley Medi- cal association, and a member of the State Medical association. Dr. J. Nichols came to Atlantic in 1870, and commenced the practice of medicine continuing the same for about a year, when he started a drug store in the city, and has been identified with that trade ever since. He is a native of Massachu- setts, born in 1826, and is a graduate of Massachusetts Medical University. He practiced until 1874, when he discontinued his visits confining himself to office or store business. Doctor M. T. "Weidner, came from Jas- per county, Iowa to Atlantic in 1883, and entered into a partnership with Doctor C. V. Wilder and is a resident of the city still. Dr. M. N. Graves came to Atlantic in 1875 and engaged in the practice of medi- cine. He is still a resident of that place and is noticed in full in connection with the banking interests of Atlantic, to which the reader is referred. PHYSICIANS OF GKISWOLD. Dr. J. L. Moore, the first practitioner of Griswold, was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, May 12, 1827. When a small boy, his parents removed to Frank- lin county, Pennsylvania, where he grew to manhood. Here he began reading medicine, having access to the library of his brother-in-law, Dr. James O'Bryan, a graduate of the Eclectic Medical college, of Cincinnati, Ohio. After reading in the office of his brother-in-law, Dr. Moore removed to Slielbyville, Illinois, and later to a place near Breckenridge, Missouri, where he commenced the practice of his chosen profession. In 1869 he removed to Pottawattamie county, Iowa, near the county line. He was in very limited cir- cumstances, and was only able to purchase eight acres of land, on which was a small log cabin. Here he spent ten years in raising sma'l crops and riding on horse- back over the prairies, attending to his practice. When the town of Griswold was started he cnme to this place, where he has since followed his profession with good success. He has property in Gris- wold and a farm in Pottawattamie county of sixty-six acres. He was married in Fayette county, Indiana, to Mary J. Burke, a daughter of Esquire John Burke. By this union, there were seven children, six of whom are living: John W., Frank L., Joseph E., Alice, Florence, Ava E. Dr. J. W. Ilunsted, a leading physician of Griswold, was born in Iowa City, John- son county, Iowa, on the 5lh day of May, 18J9. At the age of fifteen he entered rfv* V Ml t\±^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 405 the Iowa State University, where he re- mained three years. In 1869 he was in the employ of the government, with a surveying party in the west. In the fall and winter of 18V0-7I, he tanciht school in the south, and wliile there began read- ing medicine in the office of Dr. James F. Lealh, formerly of Memphis. In 1872 he entered the office of Dr. J. H. Baucher, of Iowa City, and at the same time attended lectures in the medical department of the Iowa State University, from which he graduated in March, 1873. He then began practicing at Tiffin, Iowa, where he re- mained one year, when he came to Potta- wattamie county, Iowa, settling in Wave- land, where he practiced ton years, and in the meantime improved a farm of 640 acres. He came to Griswold in the spring of 1884, and opened an office for practice. Dr. Ilnnsted was married in 1876 to Eva L. P. Thorn, a daughter of Graham and Laura (Bailey) Thorn, natives of New York. They have three children — Nellie M., Bessie M., Samuel B. Dr. A. C. Woodruff, a native of Knox county, Illinois, was born July 2, 1850, and is a son of J. W. and Elizabeth (Dodge) W„^druff. His father died when he was three years of age. When a young man he attended the Abingdon college, where he received his education. In 1869 he came to Dallas county, Iowa, and the following year began reading medicine at DeSoto, Iowa, with Dr. A. P. McCullough. Ill 1872 he attended lectures at the Keokuk Medical college, and later became a graduate from that institution. In the spring of 1881 he came to Gris- wold, where he has since been engaged practicing his profession. He was mar- ried to Ilattie Dodge in 1879. The doctor is one of the oldest practitioners of Gris- wold, and enjoys a goud patronage. Francis A. Bryant, M. D., came to Gris- wold in tlie spring of 1881, and began the practice "of medicine. He is a young man of ability, and is meeting with good suc- cess as a practitioner. In 187-3 he attended in the medical department of the Keokuk college, graduating in the spring of 1876, with honor's. He soon afterward went to liush county, Kansas, and began tlieprac. tice of his profession, where he remained until he came to Griswold. Dr. Bryant was born m Wapello county, Towa, Feb- ruary 8, 1851. He was educated in the common schools, and at Troy academy. In the spring of 1873 he commenced read- ing, under the direction of Dr. P. M. Bil- ley. He was married in Davis county, Iowa, in the fall of 1877, to Sarah A. Rooker, a daughter of J. B. and Mary P. Rooker. There is one child by tliis union living — Lowell C, born June 25, 1879. Ilis wife died' in Davis county, July 12, 1881. She was a consistent and sincere Christian, having united with the Meth- odist Episcopal Church in early life, and was highly respected by all who formed her acquaintance. The doctor is a master Masonin the Cass Lodge No. 412 of this place. Josiah B Martin, M. D., was born in Laporte county, Indiana, March 1, 1845, and is the son of Josiah and Ellen (Par- ker) Martin. The subject of this sketch was reared in Indiana, receiving his edu- cation in the common schools and at the New Carlisle Collegiate Institute. When about twenty-four years of age, he began the study of medicine under the direction 406 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. of Prof. Joy, of Chicago. In 18'74 he attended lectures at the J3ennett Eclectic Medioal college, Chicago, and graduated in February, 1877. The following fall he began the practice of medicine at Com- merce, Polk county, Iowa, and in Septem- ber, 1881, came to Griswold. He is a member of the Eclectic Medical society of Iowa, and has a large and lucrative practice. Dr. Martin was united in mar- riage to S. Almira J. Cramer,'a daughter of Job Cramer, of New Jersey. Two children have been born to them — Flor- ence and Edith. The doctor is a master Mason in Cass Lodge No. 412, and is also a member of the Knights of Pythias, Hercules Lodge No. 69. PHYSICIANS OF KENO. Dr. Mosher was the first physician to locate at Reno. He came in 1875, the^year previous to which the village was platted, but was not a graduate from any college. When he first settled here, he lived in a dug-out near the mill. He remained here about two years, when he removed to Kansas. J. II. Hume was the next physician to settle at Keno. He came from Mitchell- ville, Iowa, in 1877, and was a young man just commencing to practice, but after- ward graduated from the Keokuk Medical college. iHe remained about a year and a half, when he was succeeded by J. H. Whiteside, from Canada, who remained about the same length of time. J. H. Hume then returned, and continued to practice until October, 1883. He is now practicing in Marshall county, in this State. Dr. William Snelson located here in March, 1883, and opened a drug store. purchasing a stock of drugs of Breen Bros., which they had carried in connec- tion with their stock of merchandise. PHYSICIANS OP ANITA. The medical fraternity of Anita, con- sists of Doctors V. D. Rood, J. E. San- som, E. E. Major, T. B. Beatty and R. Davis. V. D. Rood, M. D., son of D. B. and Eliza (Hines) Rood, was born in April, 1842, in the State of Vermont. He was one of a family of eight children, five daughters and three sons, and was brought up on a farm. Id 1861 he enlisted in company H, of the Second Vermont Vol- unteers. He was at Centerville at the time of the battle of Bull Run, and par- ticipated in the Peninsula campaign. At Savage Station -he was wounded, taken prisoner and sent to Libby prison, where he remained five weeks. He was then released, joined his command and went to Newport News, where he was wounded and sent to McClellan hospital. Here he commenced the study of medicine, which he afterward pursued at Fairfax institute two years. Pie then entered the office of Dr. C. F. Halley, of Fairfax, of whom he received instruction for two years. In the meantime he took a course of lectures at Burlington University, and graduated from that institution in 1867. He then commenced the practice of his profession at Hyde Park, Orleans county. Dr. Rood was married in 1869, in White House, New Jersey, to Miss Sarah C. Voorhees. In the summer of 1870, he came to Iowa and began practice. In addition to his practice he is running the largest hard- ware store in Anita, carrying a stock of six thousand dollars. He also deals in ■ V if*- u » J^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 407 wagons, farm implements and niachinery and everything to be found in a first class hardware establishment. Doctor and Mrs. Rood are the parents of five chil- dren, four of whom are living — Roscoe, Grace, Edson and Vernon. Dr. Rood came to the county poor, but is now in possession of a competency. He is a mem- ber of the medical society and of the G. A. R. and A. O. U. W. Doctor E. E. Major is a native of Wash- irigton county, Vermont, and first saw the light upon the 29th day of May, 1854. He is the son of Samuel and Sarah B. (Russell) Major, both natives of the adjoining State, New Hampshire. In early manhood, the doctor was engaged in the laudable undertaking of teaching school, in Audubon and Cass counties, he having moved to the former county in 1866, with his parents. He taught the first school in the town of Anita, in 18G9. When he was about eighteen years of age, he commenced the study of medi- cine, by himself, afterwards entering the office of Doctor V. D. Rood, with whom he studied two years. In 1870 and 7, he attended courses of lectures at Keokuk, and in 1878, at the Rush Medical college, at Chicago, and graduating from the latter institution. The same year, he returned to Anita, and commenced the practice of the healing art, which he follows to this day. He was united in marriage in August, 1878, to Miss Carrie Griffiths and and they have one child — ITattie. The doctor is the proprietor of one of the dru'r stores of Anita, and has worked up a good trade, and enjoys a fair practice in the town and its environs. Doctor Theodore B. Beatty,'a native of Bureau county, Illinois, is in practice in Anita. He is a son of F. H. and M. J. Beatty. The doctor was educated at Princeton seminary, and commenced the study of medicine with Dr. A. H. Thomp- son, lie attended lectures at Rush Medi- cal college, of Chicago, of which he is a graduate. • Doctor R. Davis is a native of Lancas- ter county, Pennsylvania, and born March 9, 1844. He is the son of Edward and Sarah (Pyett) Davis, both of whom were natives of the same State. In 1840, Mr. Davis, the elder, emigrated to Miami county, Ohio, with his family, where he followed his trade, which was that of a wagon-maker. In 1852, he removed to Muscatine county, this State. When the subject of this sketch was twenty years of age, he having no taste for mechanics, entered upon a course of reading medi- cine with Doctor H. C. Harsche, of Mus- catine, with whom he remained three years, grounding liimself well in that science. In the winter of 1866-7, he at- tended lectures at the medical department of the Michigan State University, at Ann Arbor, and in 1867, graduated therefrom. In the spring of that year he removed to Grinnell, Iowa, whither his parents had preceded him, and he "hung out his shingle" and commenced the practice of his profession. Here he remained two years, and in 1369, came to Anita and opened an office, lie remained in prac- tice for eleven years, but is at present en- gaged in the grain and coal business at Anita. He was married in October, 1871, to Miss Eliza Prosser, of Muscatine, and *n' r Al®- Ul^ 408 I-IISTORy OF CASS COUNTY. has three children — Pearl, Ruth and Helen. MAEISTE DOCTORS. Dr. C. II.' McCIees was born in Madi- son county, Indiana, January 1, 1858, his parents being Joseph and Phoebe (Welsh) McClees. When he was seven years of age, his parents removed to Warren county, Iowa, where they now live. Here he spent his early life on his father's farm, being sent to the common schools when arriving at suitable age. In 1875 he commenced attendance at the Des Moines University. After two years spent there, he went to Iowa City, and took one year's course in the collegiate depart- ment of the University, and three years in the medical department, graduating in 1881. He commenced the practice of medicine June 1, 1881, in Marne, where he has since remained. He was married in Marne, in 1883, to Miss H.-u'riet Roaik. They have one child — Edna M. The doctor is a member of the Botna Valley and State Medical associa- tion. John Pipher, M. D., was born in Wit- tenberg, Germany, November 16, 1848, and in 1853 came with his mother to America, his father having previously died in Germany. He located at Monroe, Jasper county, where he remained until 1861, when he removed to Des Moines. In 1872 he entered the office of Doctor Carter, at Des Moines, and in the fall of that year attended a course of lectures at the Eclectic Medical college, Cincinnati, Ohio, graduating from that institution in the spring of 1874. He came to Norwalk, Monroe county, Iowa, and began the prac- tice of his profession, and afterward re- moved to. Greenfield, Adair county. In 1876 he came to Marne, Casa county, and a year later was appointed postmaster of that place. In the fall of 1879 he came to Griswold, where he has since pursued his present business. In October, 1879, he was joined in wedlock to Ephmira Black, of Norwalk, Warren county, Iowa. One child has blessed the union — Chester D., born April 19, 1884. The doctor is a master mason, and a member of the Cass Lodge, No. 412. ■WIOTA. Doctor J. I. Pogue, located at the town of Wiota, in August, 1877. He is a native of Ohio, born in the year 1848, but re- moved, when a child, with his parents, to Kendall county, Illinois. He began the study of medicine, at Aurora, Il.inois, with Doctor M. Davis, in 1872, but en- tered the Chicago Medical college in 1875, and graduated from that institution in the spring of 1877. He practiced for a short time at Lisbon, Illinois, and came here, as above stated. He was united in marriage in October, 1879, with Miss Min- nie Buckley, a native of Washington coun- ty. New York, and they have one child — Grace. The doctor has a drug store in Wiota, also. Doctor Porterfield is also in practice at this place. MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The Botna Valley Medical Association was organized in April, 1875, with the fol- lowing members: Doctors J. Nichols, D, Findley, J. M. Emmert, O. B. Thompson, of Atlantic; M. J. Davis, of Lewis; V. D, Rood, of Anita; Hallock, of Oakfdeld, and Archer, of Bear Grove, Guthrie county. The first officers were: M. J. Davis, pres- "vl^ f HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. >« » 409 ?!5u ident; Doctor Hallock, vice president; O. B. Thompson, secretary; D. Findley, treas- urer. The first delegates sent by this so- ciety to the State Medical association, in 1876, were the following named: M. J. Davis, V. D. Rood and J. M. Eraraert. The society having languished after a few years, was re-organized in 1881, by the following physicians, and is in good run- ning order at the present: Doctors J. M. Emmert, U. Findley, and W. C. Egan, of Atlantic; J. D. Holmes, J. F. Cloughly, and J. S. Brenneman, of Audubon, and G. M. Barber, of Walnut. Of this re-organ- ization. Doctor J. M. Emmert was elected president; Doctor W. F. Graham, secre- tary; and Doctor G. M. ]Jarber, of Wal- nut, treasurer. The object of the associ- ation is the advancement of medical knowledge and uniformity of medical ethics as well as the promotion of har- mony and fraternity among the raembers of the medical profession, and the protec- tion of the interests of its members. Part of the duties developing upon its members are the promotion of measures adopted for the relief of the sick and suffering, and devise means for the improvement of the health of the community. The constitution recites, that "the Asso- ciation shall consist of physicians and surgeons, authorized to practice medicine and surgery by a medical college qualified to grant diplomas, and acknowledged by the American Medical Association." The society is in a good healthy condition, and has accomplished much good and bids fair to do much more. It has a membership at the present (1884) of twenty-six, among whom are the majority of the leading dis- ciples of Esculapius in this vicinity. The present officers are: Doctor J. E. San- son!, of Anita, president; Doctor J. F. Cloughly, of Audubon, vice president; Doctor W. F. Graham, of Atlantic, secre- tary, and Doctor J. M. Einmert, of Allan-- tic, treasurer. Meetings are held four times a year, at Atlantic, on the second Thursday of each third month. CHAPTER XIV. ECCLESIASTICAL. "Tou raised those hallowed walls, the desert smiled, Aud Paiadise was opened in the wild." In touching upon the religious history, whether the field of the chronicler be ex- tended to the broad expanse of- the uni- verse, or confined to the narrow limits of ^■^ a State or county, there stands out on every page, predominant, the fact that the religion of any nation, of any people, of any age, is the foundation of its institu- if •lin 410 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. tions, the source of many of its customs, and the cue thing nearest the popular heart. Let us go back no further than the dawn of the Christian era — thougli the same conditions appear as clearly before as after that date; we find that for many generations after the birth of Christ, the records of religion comprise the history of the times; later on, we find the relig- ious wars of the Crusades upsetting the equilibrium of the whole civilized world. Later still, we find the people of the old world, fleeing from religious persecution, flocking to America's gladsome shores, the one object urging them on to the cast- ing of their lots in unexplored climes, be- ing the desire and firm determination to worship God according to their own be- lief. Thus we see, as early as 1563, the Hnge- nots, finding the practice of their religious belief in France impossible, settling Car- olina's shores for no other purpose than to carry out this one pre-eminent trait of human character — freedom, at least for one's own religion; then, for like reasons, the Pilgrim Fathers takiijg up their abode on New England's rock-bound coast; then the Calverts and their followers, fleeing from the ban in England, are fonnd in 1634, peopling Maryland and taking up again, where it was broken o£E in their native land, the thread of their religion; and la r ^fr HISTORY OF CASS COUNT F. 423 »'l^^, ished plan was consummated by the erec- tion of a tasty and substantial church building, at a cost, including all improve- ments, of about $3,000. The location of this building is the southeast corner of 'section 7. It was dedicated in October, 1874, by E. M. ri. Fleming, presiding elder. The present officers of the church are: U. Joyce, Edwin Harris, stewards; E. Butler, class leader; E. Butler, J. W. Butler, A. T. Harris, TJ. Joyce and P. Taylor, trustees. The church at present has a membership of seventy-five. There is preaching every two weeks, with Kev. George Clammel as pastor. A Sabbath school organization exists in connection 5vith the church, with Mrs. Julia Rogers as superintendent. FIVE-MILE GBOVE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. This society was organized in August, 1881, by Rev. L. M. Campbell, with the following among the original members: Mr. and Mrs. G. W. Gingery, Mr. and Mrs. W. S. Everett, Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Crouch, Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Lamb, Mr. and Mrs. L. G. Everett, Mr. and Mrs. John Gingery, Mrs. Bolton, Mr. and Mrs. James Warren, Mr. and Mrs. S. B. Hyatt; Findley Mitchell, William Hall,Francis Everett and Ambrose Peliett. The first officers were: W. S. Everett, steward; G. W. Gingery, class leader; J. W. Lamb, John Gingery, Ambrose Peliett, James Warren and W. S. Everett, trus- tees; John Gingery, president; J. W. Lamb, secretary; W. S. Everett, treasurer. The officers are the same at the present time. Services were held at first in the school house of district No. 8, but in the summer. of 1882, a commodious church building was erected at Five-Mile Grove, at a cost of $1,300. It is 26x32 feet in dimensions. It was dedicated November 8, 1882, by L. M. Campbell, at that time pastor at Audubon. D. C. Adams was the pastor of tha church at that time, and preached his first sermon after the dedica- tion of the building. The present pastor is Rev. E. J. Brooker. Services are held every two weeks. The present member- ship of the church is about thirty-five. The condition of the society is flourish- ing. HIGHLAND METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH, BENTON TOWNSHIP. The class of this society was first or- ganized in 1864,at the old Highland school house, by Rev. John Gates. The first members were: Cornelius Deedes and wife,and Henry McDermott and wife. The organization was effected by the choice of C. Deedes as class leader, and Henry Mc- Dermott as steward. Rev. John Gates was the first pastor. The membership of the society gradually increased until, in the summer of 1874, they were strong enough financially to erect a church of their own. A location was chosen at the southeast corner of section 2, and a build- ing 30x40 feet in ground area was erected, at a cost of $1,000. The church was dedicated by Rev. An- drews. Rev. CouflEer preached the first sermon in the new church. The congregation now has a member- ship of about twenty, and they attend worship in their church every two weeks. The officers are now as follows : Henry McDermott, class leader; Charles Milhol-. len, steward; James Brown, O. B. Brown; C. Deedes and H. McDermott, trustees. ^1 424 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 4a The pastor at the present time is Rev. Norton. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OP BEAR GROVa TOWNSHIP Was initiated at a meeting of Christians of that denomination, which was held in ISTS or 1874, at the sol ool house, now in district number nine. Among tlie mem- bers of the first class, that was organized at that time, were the following : Mrs. O. P. Viersen, L. D. Marsh, Charles Fisher, William Farmer and wife, Mr. and Mr.^. Freak, Miss Mary Freak, Miss Minnie A. Freak. The first class leader was Wii" ham Farmer. Rev. Mr. Carlton was the first minister. Services were held every two weeks in the school house in district number tliree until the church was erected. The present minister is Rev. J. B. Harris, of the Lewis church. This edifice, which is used in common by tliis congregation and the Congregational denomination, was erected in the spring of 1878. Charles H. Hebing, with his accustomed liberality, donated an acre of land on section 16, for the purpose, and on this the building was put up. It is a neat frame structure, 40x28 feet in ground area, and cost $1,200. When the church was completed it was free from from debt, money sufficient to meet all the bills, having been paid, which is highly creditable to the community. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF EDNA TOW^NSHIP, Was first organized in 1854, at the resi- dence of W. S. Townsend,by Rev. James Rand. A class was organized, composed pf the following members: W. S. Town- send and wife, Andrew Ames and wife, John Erwin and wife, and M. Erwin, who was class leader. The organization has been continued regularly, and now hold services at the Edna Grove school house. VICTORIA METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH Was organized at the sciiool house is dis- trict No. 6, in 1873, by Rev. William" Stamp. The first members of this organ- ization were : J. A Hill and wife, J. M. Laing and wife. Rev. William Stamp and wife, J. D. De Tar and wife, George Davis • and wife, and James Bell. J. M. Laing was appointed class leader, and J. A. Hill, steward. This class has continued to meet regularly at the school house since its organization. The differ- ent ministers who have preached for this denomination are Revs. Prime, Reed, Ken- dall, Laing, Malheny and Todd. Rev. Porter is their present pastor, and the membership now numbers twelve. Dur- ing the summer season a Sabbath school is carried on, with Mrs. H. E. Hill as su- perintendent. THB BAPTIST CIIBRCH OV ATLANTIC. This society was organized at a meeting held on tlie 29th of March, 18B9, by Rev. C. C. Baird, a missionary, with the follow- ing members : Perry Disbrow, Harriet Disbrow, Clarissa Disbrow, J. C. Livings- ton, Simon Smith, Lucy Smith, Alice Cav- anaugh, Jacob Armantrout, Mrs. J. Ar- mantrout and A. S. Churchill. For the first year they rented the use of the Pres- byterian church and held meeting there on alternate Sabbaths. For the balance of the time, until the building of their church, meetings were held in Odd Fel- loivs' hall. In the spring of 1874, the house of worship was completed on the corner of fifth and Elm streets, at a cost •?j<5~ r fe. IlISTOKY OF CASS COUNTY. 425 of $3,500, including the price of the lots. The church was dedicated the same year, with appropriate ceremonies, by the pas- tor, Rev. A. Stott. Tlie cliurch has now a membership of seventy-four. The first pastor was Rev. B. II. Braisted, who ofii- ciated for about a year, and was succeeded in 1872, by the Rev. A. Stott, who re- mained three years. Tlie pulpit was next supplied by Rev. A. J. DeLano, whose term of service was one year. Rev. E. C M. Burnham was the next to minister to the spiritual wants of the congregation, coming as a supply for three months, but remained fifteen months. He was suc- ceeded by Rev. S. M. Wheeler, of New York, who filled the position of pastor for one year. Rev. J. F. Ileilnercame to the church as pastor in 1880, and remained nine months, and was followed by Rev. II. J. Pratt. This gentleman filled the pulpit for one year, although in bad health. He was a native of New York, where he was ordained and preached for some time. From there moved to Dixon, Illinois, and filled the pulpit of a church there for eleven years. From thei-e he went to Emmett, Iowa, and then to Atlan- tic. He was a man of good ability, and greatly respected, and was an ardent worker in the cause of his Master. He died in Atlantic, in January, 1883. The present pastor, Rev. D. H. Simpson occu- pied the pulpit for the first time, in Janu- ary, 1884. The Baptist and Presbyterian con- gregations of Atlantic oi'ganized a union Sabbath school in 1871, which, however, ran but a short time. A. S. Churchill was the superintendent. On its dissolu- tion, a Baptist Sunday school was at once organized in the Odd Fellows' b&ll, as tljis was in 1872, the year previous to the building of the church. 1 his has pros- pered well, and during the year 1884 has had an average attendance of about one hundred. The present superintendent is A. S. Churchill, and Brenton Hughes is assistant superintendent. Mrs. S. B. J. Bryant is secretary and treasurer. The following corps of able teachers are en- rolled at the present: Samuel Harlan, Mrs. J. S. Harlan, Rev. Mr. Simpson, Mrs. Dr. Dolson, Christian Jacobson, Brenton Hughes, Miss Emma Weightman, Miss Miriam Smith, Mrs. S. B. J. Bryant, and W. B. Jordan. THE BA.PTrsT CHtTRCH OV LEWIS Was organized in 1859, with fourteen members, among whom were the follow- ing named: Samuel Disbrow and wife, Perry Disbrow and wife, J. W. Brown and wife, James Dyer and wife, and Mrs. Wells. Rev. William Golden was the first pastor, and he continued in that position until the spring of 1861, when Rev. E. W. Hall was installed, and served about two years. Revs. C. C. Baird, James Morris and William F. Ar- nold have also been pastors of this con- gregation. The services at that time were held in the old court house at Lewis, which is now occupied as a dwelling. In 1863 a church building was erected at a cost of $2,500. Tho material for the edifice was hauled from Nevada, Story county, the nearest railroad point, a dis- tance of one hundred and twenty-five miles, with ox and horse teams. The edi- fice was dedicated by Rev. J. C. Olis, of Glenwood, now deceased, in the winter of r ^« 4 &^ 426 - PIISTORY OF GASS COUNTY. 1863-4. The first deacon was Perry Dis- brow, and J. W. Brown acted as first clerk. THE NEWLON'S GKOTE BAPTIST CHUECH. This society was organized at the house of J. T. Martin, in the northeast quarter of section 12, on January 17, 1872, by Rev. C. Brooks, assisted by Rev. J. Cur- rier, from Harlan, Shelby county. There were six members, comprising the follow- ing: J. T. Martin and wife, H. A. Liston and wife, Mrs. Sophronia Whisler and Mrs. Richardson. Mrs. Martin was the first clerk, and Hanson S. Liston the first deacon. I'his class met for a time in pri- vate houses, and after the schoolhouse was built for district No. 1, they held ser- vices there. The society was reorganized July 17,1872. The following pastors have preached to the society: Revs. R. R. Hanley, — Morris, A. J. Gushing, W. P. Arnold and — Corbett. Messrs. H. Story, n. S. Liston and W. T. Reed are deacons, and Charles Bibb is clerk. There are now sixteen members. THE METHODIST FEOTESTANT CHUECH OF MAKNB Was organized in 1870, at what is now known as Marne station, by Rev. B. F. Peerman. The first organization of this denomination in Cass county was effected at the Eight-Mile Grove, in the fall of 1869. Rev. B. F. Peerman was pastor of the circuit four consecutive years, and was succeeded by Rev. J. R. Pershal, as pastor, in the fall of 1873. Bro. Pershal was succeeded by Rev. J. H. Dolerhide in September, 1874, and in the autumn of 1875, Rev. B. F. Peerman again became pastor, and was retained until the confer- ence session of 1877, when he was suc- ceeded by Rev. Nelson, who was released in December of the same year, and Rev. J. H. McNally became pastor. Rev. D. T. Beckwith took up the duties of pastor in September, 1878. During the year of Bro. Beckwith's pastorate, a comfortable parsonage was built in Marne, and the beautiful church building, where so much good has been done, was begun. In Sep- tember, 1879, Rev. Wm. Remsburgh be- came pastor, and during the year the church building already mentioned was completed. The annual conference held its sessions in this church, September 15 to 21, 1880, and the society and com- munity reflected great credit on itself by the manner in which it sustained the conference. At this session, the society at Marne asked to be set off from Atlantic circuit and be made astation, but through some technicality their wishes were denied, and Rev. Wesley Sparks became pastor of the circuit. He was well re- ceived, but was not physically able to supply all the appointments. At the con- ference of 1881, the Marne class was set off as a station, and Rev. J. E. Rouze was appointed pastor. The station prospered under the ministry of Bro. Rouze, who remained two years, and was succeeded in September, 1883, by Rev. W. M. Van Vleet, who was re-appointed in 1884. There are now thirty members of the station in good standing, and with the present respect and good will manifested by the town and vicinity towards this chuich, its prospects for the future are bright. « A-> -t — »Tv HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 427 CATHOLIC. The first Catholic services in this county were held at the residence of Patrick Blake, on section 5, Washington town- ship, in 1858. On that occasion, Father Piatt came from Fort Des Moines, and held mass. Later, Father Dexter, from Omaha, visited this locality. ST. MALACHI CATHOLIC CHURCH, ATLANTIC. The first services of this denomination were held in Atlantic about IS^O, by Rev. Father John F. Brazil, then pastor of the church at Des Moines. The church edi- fice was erected in 1872, and is a frame structure. It was originally 30x50 feet, one story high, but in 1882 the building was enlarged to seventy feet in length. Father Monahan attended the church for the first year, but in 1873, he was suc- ceeded by the Rev. Father Edward Gaule, who was the first resident priest, and to whom the society is greatly indebted for its present prosperous condition. When he first came here, to celebrate mass, there was no parsonage, and he was compelled to live at Dallas Center, but in 1874 a parsonage was, built when he took up his residence here. Father Gaule has been the means of having large additions made to the church edifice. In 1 874, pews, altar and organ were put in, and the furniture for the altar purchased. When the build- ing was enlarged in 1882, a new altar was erected, however. When Father Gaule first took charge of this little flock, there were about forty families composing the congregation, but now there are over one hundred, and the church is rapidly in- creasing. Father Gaule deserves the thanks of his congregation for his efforts in their behalf, both spiritual and physi- cal, and he is quite popular with all classes in the community. THE CATHOLIC CHUECH OF EDNA, Was first organized in 1876, when Rev. Father Gaule celebrated the first mass at the residence of Timothy Saunders. Meet- ings were afterward held in the school houses in districts No. 5 and 9. In 1883 an edifice was erected on some land in section 22, where four acres was donated to the organization by Timothy Saunders. Bev. Father Gaule, the present pastor, was the first to conduct mass in the new church. At present, there are about thir- ty families belonging to this denomina- tion. PLEASANT TOWNSHIP CHRISTIAN CHUKCH. When this church was first organized, the meetings were held in a school house' a short distance over the line in Mont- gomery county. Rev. James Conran or- ganized the society there with nine mem- bers, whose names are as follows: I). A. Guess and wife, Andrew Powell and wife, Joseph Harlan and wife, J. H. Lohman and wife, and Mrs. Myron Botts. The first elder was E. A. Guess, and J. H. Lohman and Andrew Powell were the first deacons. The class met in the school house be- fore mentioned until 1879, when they re- moved to Elliott. In the meantime the members had been planning for the erec- tion of a church edifice of their own, and their design was consummated in 1883, by the erection of a commodious and sub- stantial church building, on the southeast quarter of section 34. It is a frame struc- ture, of good design, and cost $2,400. It has a handsome tower, in which is a bell purchased at a cost of $165. On the com- -^1^ 428 HISTORY OF CASS COUIS^TY. pletion of their new lionse of worship, the society discontinued their meetings at El- liott, and have ever since held them in their own building. The congregation has about forty mem- bers at the present time. Rev. E. J. Stan- ley administers to the spiritual welfare of the flock at the present time. There is a Sabbath school in connection with the church, of wliich J. A. Lohman is superintendent. It has weekly meet- ings. J. A. Lohman donated to the society the land on which their building stands. THE CHRISTIAN CHUECH OF EDNA TOWNSHIP Held their first meetings in a vacant log cabin, on section 21, in 1859. Some of the first ministers of this organizition were Revs. James Hcllman, Benjamin Mapes, andZ'ichariali Lawrence. In Aug- ust, 1859, a class was organized, among whose membership were the fojlowiiig: Samuel Wiiisler and wife, Asa Walden, Zachariah Keith and wife, Edward Porjer and wife. Tbe following were the first officers of this organization: Samuel Wiiisler, deacon; Edward Porter, steward; Asa Walden, clerk. This class met for worship in the grove during the summer seasons, and in houses during the winter time. When the school house on section 20 was erected, they held services here until it was destroyed by fire, since which time they have met at the Reno school house. Rev. Z. M. Wright is the present pastor. THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. The church edifice used by this congre- gation in Atlantic, is a neat frame one, and was dedicated in 1877, shortly after it was erected. Owing to an entire absence of records it is impossible to give any his- tory of the society. Rev. J. Deckman is the present pastor. The Five-Mile Grove Union Sunday school was organized in 1878, at the old school house in District No. 8. It was held during the summer season only, till 1881, since which time it has been held every Sunday. The school has a good membership. J. W. Lamb is superin- tendent; J. E. Everett, treasurer; Fihdley Mitchell, secretary; Mary Gingery, chorister. THE GERMAN EVANGELICAL CHUECH OF ANITA. This congregation was organized in the spring of 1882, with Rev. E. E. Miller as pastor. The original members were: V. T. Weigant, M. E. Weigant, Andrew Weigant, A. C. Weigant, G. M. Dacken, A. E. Dacken, O. W. Fillenworth, A. C. Dacken and Barbara Karraa. V. T. Weigant was the first, and is the present leader. In August, 1883, the society pur- chased the building formerly owned and occupied by their Methodist Episcopal brethren, in which they hold service-every alternate Sabbath, and prayer meetings every Sabbath. The church has quite a fair congregation and it full membership of twenty-six. Rev. E. E. Aschenbrenner is the present pastor. EVANGELICAL ST. JOHN's CHUECH OF NOBLE TOWNSHIP, The first meetings of this congregation were held at the house of Christ. Miller, in 1872, Rev. William Buehring conduct- ing the services. The congregation was not at first regularly organized, but the ^1^ HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. 429 pastor succeeded in effecting a permanent organization after a few meetings, and sei'vices were held for a time at tlie school house of District No. 5, and later at the school house of District No. 2. During 1884, they have erected a church on the northwest quarter of section 15, which cost about $2,800. ~ It was dedicated Sep- tember 7, 1884. The society has a mem- bership of twenty-four, with Henry Mil- ler as president and Jolin Meyer as secre- tary. Rev. Francis Buschmann is the present pastor. There is a Sunday school connected with the church, and meetings are held every Sabbath. GERMAN EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION OF NOBLE TOWNSHIP. This society held its first meeting at the house of Christian Kiioke, in 1870. The congregation was composed mainly of the German citizens of Noble township, and as they had no regular church building, services were held in the homes of mem- bers. Rev. William King was the first pastor who preached lo the congregation, and he held services at the lioraes of Christian Knoke, M. Letz and Joseph Weirich. The first quarterly meeting was held at the house of Michael Letz, in the spring of 1871. Meetings have since been held in the school house of District No. 2, and later in the school house of DistrictNo. 5, with Rev. Klinefelteras pas- tor, who preaches in German and English. He has preached in the latter language in the Eighth District school. THE GEKMAN EVANGELICAL LrTHEBAN CHURCH, ST. pkter's CONGEEGATION, TICTOKIA TOWNSHIP, Was organized at the dwelling of William Holste, Sr., the 1st of August, 1882, and the first meeting of this organization was held at the Center school house, with. Kev. Millbrook, of Atlantic, as pastor. Among the first members of this society were William Holste, Sr., and wife; Ed- ward Redihardt, George Holste, John Stieken, Henry Patze, Henry Kirkman, William Holste, Jr., and wife; John Johanus and wife, Frederick Kirkman and wife, "Ernest Knan, Carl Vetterick and T. Earnhardt. William Holste was elect^ president and John Jolianus and T. Earnhardt, deacons; Frederick Kirk man, secretary and treasurer. Meeting is still held at the Center school house every alternate week, with Rev. Carl Bush- man as pastor. f ^!- -« s 430 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ii\ CHAPTER XV. THE PRESS OF CASS COUNTY. The inception of journalism dates from remote ages. The institution now known as the newspaper was ante-dated nearly a thousand years by manuscript publica- tions, in which the accounts of public occurrences and familiar gossip was made known to the citizens of imperial Rome seated upon her seven hills. These sheets were known by the name of "Acta Diurna;" but their issues were at all times irregular, and in times of scarcity of news totally suspended, the editor either engaging in some other calling or indulging in the sports of the day. But little progress seems to have been made for many years in this branch of business until the early part of the seven- teenth century. Frankfort-on-the-Main claims to have produced within her walls the father of modern newspapers. She claims that Egenolf Emmel, a book dealer and book printerof Frankfort, in the period of that city's greatest literary prosperity, was the first in Europe to issue a newspaper at regular intervals in the shape in which we see them to-day. This honor of priority of newspaper production has been considerably contested, but unsuc- cessfully. Emmel first published a weekly, Frankfurter Journal, in 1615. The Nurembergers say that Wendelin Borsch published a newspaper in their city as early as 1571 ; but there is no proof that this was anything more than the fugitive leaves which had then become pretty common in the great trading centers of Europe ; and as the English claim their first regular newspaper to have appeared in 1622 and the French in 1631, to Frankfort must be left the honor of Egenolf Emmel, the father of newspa- pers. The precursors of German newspapers were the small, printed, flying sheets is- sued in the latter half of the fifteenth cen- tury, under the titles Relationen or Neue Zeitung {New Tidings), which, however, only made their appearance at irregular intervals, generally to record some event of more than ordinary note. These re- ports are said to have existed as early as the middle of the fifteenth century; the oldest mentioned are from the years 1457- 1460; though the oldest copy now pre- served in the University Library at Leipsic bears the date of 1494. But these iJete- tions or Tidings cannot be looked upon as the germs of the modern press. The be- ginnings of the German newspapers are to be traced in the written commercial correspondence of the middle ages. The editorial bureaus were the counting-rooms of the great mercantile houses, which had »tv ■ t ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 431 their agents transmit information to them from all parts of the world then open to commerce. But as these sheets were al- most private, tbey were of little service to the world at large. As Gutenberg's invention won its way, and the large trad- ing houses entered into communication with each other and with their various governments, which had an equal interest in the information contained in the com- mercial correspondence, types were intro- duced into the trading bureaus, or the written correspondence was placed in the hands of the special writers, and a regu- lar system of printed correspondence was inaugurated. Venice is usually awarded the honor of first printing this commer- cial correspondence in the Nbtizie Scritte, which was at first written and exhibited in certain public places; but Germany was not long in following her example. A collection of twenty-eight volumes of this printed commercial correspondence, from the years 1568 to 1604, was taken with the library of the celebrated Fugger' family to the imperial library at Vienna in 1606, and is of great historical import- ance, connected as itia with theRothsoliild house of the middle ages. These reports contain not only commercial intelligence, but political and social news from the dis- tricts and countries which then were at- tracting the attention of Europe. Many reports are written by eye-witnesses, and official documents relating to incidents described are frequently transmitted. When important political information is reported the source from whence itis pro- cured is generally given. Others again contained literary departments correspond- ing to the feuiileton of the European press of to-day, bringing graphic descrip- tions, accounts of popular festivities, manners and customs; accounts of the discovery of America, of the conquests of the Turks, and local occurrences, such as all sorts of fearful signs in the heavens, wonderful animals and misbirths,accounts of executions, inundations, earthquakes, burning of witches and child-murders committed by bigots, together with prophecies and warnings — the editorials of to-day — connected with passing events. News then came to hand very slowly. An Indian overland post required eleven months to get to Europe, and forty or fifty days were required for a letter to get from Constantinople to Vienna. Natu- rally enough, as the papers gained a more extended circulation, the jealous govern- ments began to look after them; and his- tory knows a whole series of govtrnment ordinances, issued from Paris to Rome, condemning them as destructive to soul and body. The idea of issuing a newspaper at reg- ular intervals, that is, every week, first originated in the mind of Egenolf Emmel, of Frankfort, and with his Franlifurter Journal, which made its appearance in 1615, the transition from the irregular publications, such as the lielalionen, to the newspaper, was made. The same journal still flourishes, and the house from which it was first issued may yet be seen. The Journal appeared as a weekly up to the year 1740; then it appeared oftener; in 1795, it appeared five times a week, and subsequently became a daily. In England the mental appetite was fed by the News Letter, a manuscript produc- tion, which was only furnished at fabu- ^ p- r »l^ 432 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Ions prices. It was in 1622, as above men- tioned, when the first English newspaper was born. This was The Weekly Neios from Italie and Germanie, which was printed upon a mechanical contrivance, perfected by one Nathaniel Butler, who is thus the progenitor of the English press. The first attempt at the publica- tion of parliamentary reports was made in 1641, when the parties and politics of the realm first occupied a place in the newspaper. It was some seven years later, in 1648, when the first advertisement ap- peared. This was in verse form, and was an invitation to call upon a fashionable tailor of the period, and purchase of him the styles then in vogue among the beaux. The pioneer daily morning newspaper of the world was the London Courant, which was initiated in 1709, and consisted of only one page of two columns, each five paragraphs long, and was made up from translations from foreign journals. The revolutions in journalism during the present century have been of so stupend- ous a type as to be almost beyond compre- hension were not brought face to face with the fact day by day. In this coun- try, from the advent of the Boston News- Letter in 1*704 unto the present time, when the United States can boast of its nine hundred and sixty-two daily and. over seven thousand weekly papers, seems a tre- mendous step in the forward march of improvement, but is only forerunner of what may be the achievements and power of an independent press in a free, republi- can country in the future. Cass county has had abundant opportu- nities to test the value of newspapers as aids in building up its business centers and making known its resources to the outer world, while the civilizing influence is almost unlimited; and, as a general thing, its citizens have alvirays manifested a liberal spirit of encouragement toward the various journalistic enterprises that have originated in their midst. It would be difficult to estimate in a money value the advantages derived by Cass county, in a business point of view, from the influ- ence of the press, but it is, beyond all cavil, inestimable. At all times the press has, in advocacy of local interests, called into requisition respectable, and, in many instances, eminent talent, which has a ten- dency to inspire its citizens as well as friends, with hope and confldence in its prosperity. As patrons of the press, as would be expected of the New England stock that people it, Cass county's citizens have established a good name. As records of current history, the emanations of the lo- cal press should be preserved by town and county government among the archives for reference. These papers are the re- positories wherein are stored the facts and the events, the deeds and the sayings, the undertakings and achievements, that go to make up the history of the day. One by one these things are gathered and placed in type; one by one these papers are gathered together and bound, and another volume of local, general and indi- vidual history is laid away imperishable. The volumes thus collected are sifted by the historian, and the book for the library is ready. There should be some means devised by which press records might be preserved and made accessible. This is, of course. <1«^ ^ ■^^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 433 attempted in all offices, but by the re- moval of editors, who claim the files as their property, and a general carelessness on the part of all interested, in many in- stances the files are sadly deficient. Slill, by diligent inquiry, and with the assist- ance of Lafayette Young, C. F. Chase, J. II. Willey, S. F. Myers and others of ihe local press, enough has been gleaned to give an accurate record of the county journals, although at the expense of much time and labor. In some instances slight omissions may occur, but they are gener- ally of a trivial nature, and do not mar the general tone of accuracy it has been our endeavor to preserve. CASS COUNTY GAZETTE. We are indebted to the Hon. Lafayette Young for the following excellent history of the first paper published in the county of Cass. He spent a large amount of time and trouble to get the data for this and to him belongs the credit: The first newspaper published in the county, was the Cass County Gazette, es- tablished at Lewis, in January 1861, by J. C. Brown. John J. Van Houten, late of Atlantic, was foreman of the ofiice. Seth W. Young, now of the Storm Lake Pilot, was the devil. The press and ma- terial were moved on a sled from Audubon City, then the county seat of Audubon county, to Lewis on the 4th day of Janu- ary, 1861. The next day the office was rigged up and on that day the first type ever set in the county were put in a "stick" by John J, Van Ilouten. The press had been used seven weeks at Au- dubon ^City in the publication of the Audubon County Pioneer'. Brown was the editor of that paper wlille it was pub- lished and Van Houten was the printer. The Cass County Gazette, was Demo- cratic in politics, and was a four page paper with six columns on a page. The motto under the heading on the first page was: "Fidelity to the Constitution and the Union," which was a good motto for the time (1861) and a good one for all time. Brown gave his life in defense of "the .Constitution and the Union," at Milliken's Bend, in 1863, which is more explicity mentioned in the chapter con- taining the military history. The paper, was a good one, being well gotten up mechanically, spicily edited, with a pure tone to every item. Tliere are but a few copies of the Gazette in existence, and those are the property of Mrs. William Waddell, of Atlantic, who kindly placed thera at the disposal of the wi'ite'r. The regular files of the paper were destroyed, wlien the Union House was burned in Lewis in 1864. The office was in the ho- tel building but was mainly removed and saved without material damage. Tlie files, however, were left to be consumed. Thus perished a good record of the coun- ty's early events and ^its progress — for every well-gotten up local journal is, as Shakespearsays, "an abstract brief chroni- cle of the time" "a map of busy life; of the world's events, its vicissitudes and its vast concerns." One issue of the Gazette wiiich has been examined, bears the date of April 20, 1801, that memorable month in that memorable year, when the civil war began. It is filled with news per- taining to the bombardment of Fort Sumter; the effect of that event on the country, and accounts of Union meetings held in various cities of the north and dis- ^r "4 "i^ 434 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. union meetings in various cities of tbe south. Lincoln's first call for 75,000 vol- unteers is given, together with the inso- lent replies to the same by C. F. Jaclison, Governor of Missouri, and B. McGofRn, Governor of Kentucky. The paper also records the fact that "Hon. Stephen A. Douglas sustains the President and has had a long interview with him at Wash- ington." Another telegram published says, "Jeff Davis' answer to Lincoln's proclamation is rough and cruel. It is as follows: 'Fort Sumpter is ours and nobody hurt — with Paixhan and Petard we tender old Abe our Beauregard.' " This one issue of the Gazette contained a good history of the beginning of the Great Rebellion, and told of the great ex- citement which then prevailed in the whole country. . The paper appeared to be bet- ter in its general than in its local features. Local advertisements were scarce, the following comprising the list: J. W. Brown, attorney; H. H. Ober- holtzer & Co., general merchandise; Dr. J. B. Carey, physician; Dr. N. W. Whitted, physician and druggist; Isaac Dickerson, notary public and land agent; Peck & Keyes, proprietors of the "Badger Mills," in which they say that they can sell flour and feed cheaper than any one east of Denver; M. T. Jones, deal- er in dry goods, groceries, hardware, &c. He announced that he had 50,000 pounds of bacon and 7,000 pounds of lard on hands and for sale. John Keyes announced that he wanted to buy fifty head of steers. W. Smithson Newlon, family physician, Newlon's Grove, Iowa. F. H. Whitney, land agent and deputy county surveyor, Whitneyville, Cass county, Iowa. Tlie following advertisement filled a column, and may be read with interest: "The undersigned, citizens of Cass county, Iowa, have for sale a few thou- sand acres of valuable farming land in western Iowa, at this time one of the most attractive portions of the Far West, especially to the farmer and stock grower. Our lands, it is evident, are unsurpassable for fertility of soil and beauty of location for the farmer and stock grower, situated as they are on the waters of the Nishna- botna river and its tributaries, embracing the finest class of high rolling prairie down to beautiful valley land inter- spersed with large groves of fine, healthy timber, and brooks and rills of clear, pure water, sufficient for stock at all times of the year, making it the finest and mast desirable stock raising county in the en- tire west. Here thoijisands of tons of fine, luxuriant native hay may be procured every autumn, with no cost to the farmer save the harvesting of the same. Oiir wood-lands are as good as there are in the west, giving off a variety of growths, such as white and burr oaks, walnut, hickory, bass wood, hard and soft maples. Our lands are located fifty miles east of Omaha City, the capital of Nebraska territory, a handsomely located city, on the left bank of the Missouri river. Omaha is a fiour- ishing town with a population of from four to five thousand permanent citizens. We are also forty-five miles east of Coun- cil Bluffs, a fine town on the right bank of the Missouri river, the great emporium of western Iowa. In the amount of its Jir HISTORY OF CASS COUN TT. _<( 9 435 :t^ comraeroe it is second only to St Joseph, Missouri. Tlie citizens are noted for their courteous manners and hospitality, being kind and benevolent. Tliere is published in Council Bluffs three good newspapers, one daily, and there is also a telegraph office. Moreover, our lands are in the immediate vicinity of Lewis, the county seat of Cass county, which is truly a hand- some village of from three to five hun- dred inhabitants, with good stores, hotels, and an industrious, enterprising class of - citizens. In Lewis there are two good schools, a printing office, and one magni- ficent church house of the Methodist de- nomination. Others are in contemplation, as good societies of the Baptists and Con- gregationalists are already in Lewis. The undersigned would say to their friends in the east that we can furnish you with good homes at a small cost in price, com- pared with your eastern land. We are pioneers in the 'far west,' and purchased our lands immediately after the Indian title to the same became extinct, and it is true that they embrace the most magnifi- cent lands in the Missouri river valley, a valley that ere long is destined to be the most densely populated portion of the 'far west.' " Thomas Meredith, Joseph Evbrly, Wjlliam IIaworth. Lewis, Cass county, Iowa. W. H. Beedle and S. Disbrow an- nounced that in connection with J. G. Warnock, they could do all kinds of blacksmithing and wagon making. Their advertisement wound up with the follow- ing words, which indicate the excitement of the times: "Come farmers, if yon ex- pect to save the Union you must have new wagons, or your old ones repaired; the stars and stripes should be set in letters of gold on every wagon and wheel barrow. Our motto is, Liberty, Union, Victory or Death." Tiiis advertisement is dated February, 1861. From the issue of the Gazette o( Septem- ber 21, 1861, it might be inferred that the contest for the county offices was getting interesting. The Gazette supported the "Union Democratic ticket," which was as follows: For senator, L. D. Burns, of Dal- las county; for representative, S. L. Lorah, of Cass; for treasurer and recorder, Isaac Dickerson; for sheriff, John Keyes; for county judge, Andrew Irwin; for county superintendent, James S. Kand; for drain- age commissioner, T.J. Byrd; for coroner, II. Caywood. The paper contained strong complimentary notices of Messrs. Lorah, Burns, Dickerson, Keyes, Rand, and the whole Democratic ticket. The Repub- lican county nominations were as follows: For treasurer, L.L. Alexander; for sheriff. Dr. H. S. Carey; for county superintendent, E. W. Hall; for drainage commissioner, J. S. IIaworth; for surveyor, E. W. Dav- enport; for coroner, M. Everett. The Gazette seems to have been strongly par- tisan. Speaking of the ballotings in the Republican county convention it said: "The highest number of votes cast for any candidate was eight. Mr. Alexander was nominated by six votes against five for A. Wakefield, and four for William Waddell." The Democratic ticket, with the exception of the nominee for senator, was elected in October. Mr. Redfield, of Dallas, was elected Senator, over L. D. Burns. The paper was loyal from the be- 28 -^v r 436 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ginning of the war. In the paper dated April 20, 1801, from which we have al- ready quoted, appeared the following edi- torial, which we trust mny be read with intereKt, and the noble patiiotisra therein expressed, be applauded, by all those who in future years, may either write editor- ials or read them iu this and all other lo- calities: WAR COMMENCED. "The startling news contained in our columns to day leaves no fnrilier hope of arresting the horrors aiid calamities of civil war. Sumpter has been taken, and Major Anderson compelled to haul down the star spangled banner, and suriender to Jeff. Davis' infuriated rebels, whose batteries made short work in reducing the proud fort. The success whicli crowned the rebel arms in their first engagement with the Government troops inspires the secessionists with joyful courage and im- presses every patriot with grief. The ac- counts from all parts of the Union repre- sent the people in a state of the most in- tense excitement. In the northern States thousands are volunteering to defend the flag of the Union and wipe out the dis- grace inflicted upon it at Charleston. The people of the north seem determined to put forth their might in sustaining the President in protecting the Government property. "The flag of the Republic must be pro- tected. There is no time now to talk about the errors and follies which have brought this terrible calamity upon the country. When the temple of our lib- erty is in flames there is no time to seek for them that applied the torch. Let the patriotic energy of the nation be at once employed in subduing the destroying ele- ment. "While there was any hope of a peace- ful adjustment of the national difficulties we favored the policy of conciliation and compromise, believing it to be that only which wisdom dictated. Had a compro- mise been agreed to by Republican mem- bers of the last Congress, war might have been averted. That was not done. It is to be deeply deplored that the spirit of faction prevented it. But the failure of the Republican Congress to do their duty must not keep Democrats from meeting the terrible issue and sustaining the rights and honor of that glorious flag which they have upheld for nearly a century. Let no emblem of treason ever look upon its humiliation. Throw aside partisan is- sues and unite in the defense of the Con- stitution and Union, for the establish- ment of which the best blood that ever flowtd in human veins was freely shed." The Gazette of August 31, 1861, con- tained a letter, dated at St. Joseph, Mis- souri, written by G. B. Kirkpatrick, who had enlisted in the Fourth Infantry and was with the regiment on his way to the seat of war. In August, 1862, J. C. Brown enlisted in the Twenty-third Infantry and sold the Gazette to F. H. Whitney, who continued its publication as a Democratic paper. Mr. Whitney in his editorials urged the vigorous prosecution of the war. T. P. Ballard, now county clerk of Mills county, and part owner of the Glenwood Opinion, was Mr. Whitney's foreman and mechan- ical manager. Mr. Whitney made an en- terprising editor, and during several months of 1862 published the war news -w afv J* k HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 437 from first hands — that is, he took the dis- patciies on the day of publication and the day previous, giving his readers the "news from the front" in advance of all compet- itors. The Western Union telegraph line then passed through Lewis and had an office there. Monroe Smith, the operator, was one of the best who ever touched a key. In the Gazette dated November 8, 1862, the fact is noted that W. W. Gardner is teaching school across the river, and the editor wishes there were more such good teachers as he in the county. In the same issue it is stated that the stage that left DesMoines at 8 o'clock Wednesday morning, November 5th, arrived in Lewis at 9:30 the same evening, making the trip of about 105 miles in thirteen hours, in- cluding all stops fov changing horses and the mails. In the summer of 1863, the Oazette passed into the hands of J. M. Holaday, who changed its politics to Republican, and changed its motto to "Westward IIo!" T. Q. Morgan was Mr. Holaday's printer The paper under Mr. Holaday's manfige- ment was exceedingly spicy, but was too prone to call things by their right names, to be pupular. In the paper dated September 12, 1863, it is stated that on the previous Wednes- day, John A. Kasson and L. W. Ross made political speeches. A letter from the army, dated at Black River Bridge, August 24, 1863, is published, telling of the death of John Wesley Teal, a soldier and son of Dr. Teal. The letter was from Capt. George A. Henry. ' From this paper we learn that at that time two daily stage lines ran into Lewis — one from DesMoines, the other from Oskaloosa. F. II. Whitney kept the Union House and advertised board at two dollars per week. Mr. W. also advertised a claim agent, real estate and insurance agent, etc. In May, 1864, Mr. Iloladay, having de- termined to relinqiii.sh, at least for the time, the journalistic field, issued the fol- lowing extra which was sent to all sub- scribers: VALBDTCTOEY. "After much meditation, hesitation and tribulation upon the subject, we have unanimously concluded to abandon the editorial profession in Lewis, to throw our quill down in the dust, like unto the servant who hid h's talents ; giving place to some other man who possesses more tenacity, philanthropy and purse. Coun- try papers, to yield fair profits in these times, ought to receive six dollars for each subscription, but ihey cannot get this, of course, while eastern papers are furnihhed so easily and cheaply. Doubless many of our friends will be somewhat regretful at our departure, but the copperheads will dart forth their forked tongues from their lying lips in great glee; and there are a few of the reptile race in this vicinity that may well breathe more freely, as it had become part of our editorial ambi" tion to yet skin them from head to tail or get badly snake-bitten in the attempt; but their "time" will come, nevertheless. If our ten months' sojourn here has been a pleasure it has not been a profit, and we depart hence, as we came, with a light 438 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. heart and pocket. If not "grafted into the army," we intend at' once to resume our former trade, namely, type-setting. "The amount due to subscribers cannot be repaid at present ; but their proper credit will remain on the subscription book, and when the paper shall be revived they will receive it for the remainder of the time subscribed for. Tlie publica- tion of the paper, we are confident, will again be resumed, though perhaps not till the close of the war. "We shall leave Lewis, perhaps, on Monday next. Editor." In July, 1864, Mr. Whitney sold his office, it having come back into his pos- session, to G. F. Kilburn, who removed it to Fontanelle, and H. C. Johnson bought a press of Mr. Fuller, at Adel, brought it to Lewis and established the Cass County Messenger, as • detailed hereafter. So ended the career of the Gazette, the pio- neer journal of the county of Cass, and it has never been resuscitated. CASS COUNTY MESSENGER. In July, 1864, when Frank II. Whitney had sold the press and material of the Ga- zette office as above stated, H. C. John- son, an old typo who had worked in the office, purchased a press and the material of a Mr. Fuller, of Adel, Dallas county, and bringing it to Lewis, established the Messenger, now the oldest representative of the press in Cass county. It was then a ■ (mall six-column folio paper, printed all at home, and well edited by Mr. Johnson. No copy of the first issue of this journal is known to be in existence, and therefore it is impossible to give the salutatory ad- dress, suffice it to say that it was of the usual order of writing upon such occasions, short, pithy and to the point. Mr. John- son received a liberal patronage and con- tinued to issue the Messenger in Lewis until March, 1869, when he removed the office to the then new town of Atlantic, and changed the name to tliat of ATLANTIC MilSSENGER. The first paper under the new heading was issued in the middle of April, 1809. It made its apj-iearance as a seven-column folio, although Mr. Johnson had to cut down the width of the column one em, so as to get the form on the press, which was too narrow for that size paper. In 1871 J. R. Morris, Jr., became associated in the ownership of the paper with Mr. Johnson and continued with him through that and the succeeding year. In 1873, J. II. Willey, a typographical graduate of of this office, purchased a half interest and the firm became Johnson and Willey. They clianged the form of the paper to a seven-column folio, and shortly after to an eight-column, which was well filled with paying advertisements. Mr. John- son, the senior of the firm, attended to the business, Mr. Willey being the railway postal clerk on this division of the rail- road. In the latter part of 1 879, however, J. II. Willey, purchased the interest of his partner, and has been sole proprietor ever since. Financial reasons being the cause of Mr. Johnson's retiring from the editorial field, he inserted in the last is- sue of the paper under his control, the following "adieu" to his friends and pa- trons, the sad farewell of a parent parting from a child : "Having sold our interest in the 3fes- senger office to Mr. J. H. Willey, our in- terest in the same expired on the Slst day ' "^ A -.^ ^! 'ht. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 439 of December, 1879. We started the Mes. senger in Lewis fourteen and a lialf years ago, when neigiibors were few and far be- tween ill Cass county, and the progress and growth of Cass county since that time could hardly be believed by any one who is not posted in the matter. We issued our paper in Atlantic, April 16, 1869, at that time a very small burg. But we are pleased to know that we have the best town of its age in theSt^te of Iowa. We have not time nor space to review many things which we would like to. We have many friends throughout the county who have stuck to us through thick and thin, many of whom have always stood ready to lend a helping hand at any time we might ask. To all those we wish a a long and prosperous life, and we shall ever remember them in our heart of hearts. We part with the' Messenger with some feelings of regret, but hope to see it ever prosper, and with a wish that all its patrons may live long and be happy, we respectfully bow out." J. H. Willey, on taking up the editorial quill, wrote the following short but pithy salutatory, a specimen of Spartan terse- ness that should serve as a model to many young venturers upon the rough and stormy seas of journalism: "It is customai-y for incoming editors to indulge in a 'salutatory,' varying in length from a 'stickful' to a column, devoted to making promises as to what they propose doing. 1 do not care to do anything of the kind. If I make a success, people will find it out; and if I don't, they will know it soon enough." The paper is now a nine-column folio, cleanly and neatly set up, and printed with care on a Campbell press. The edi- torials are carefully and well written, for Mr. Willey, although a young man, is one of the few men in the profession who think before they write. H. C. Johnson, the father of the Mes- senger, was born at the village of Hop- kinsville, Warren county, Ohio, January 33, 1834, and i« the son of Joseph H. and Mary Johnson, the former a native of Ohio, the latter of Kentucky. H. C. was reared in his native village until he came to Iowa, in 1852, On the 4th of July of that year, he landed at Muscaiine, and taking the stage, for this was prior to the advent of railroads in the State, to Iowa City, Johnson county, Iowa, where he en- tered the otBce of the liepublican, then run by his uncle, Doctor S. M. Ballard, where he learned the trade of a printer, to which he has stuck ever since, with slight exceptions. In 1858 he removed to Council Bluffs, where he remained about a year. In 1859 he came to Cass county, and has made it his residence ever since. When he first came here, he went on to the large farm belonging to Doctor Ballard, lying in this and the adjoining county of AuJubon, where he worked in the summer, and in the winter months went to Des Moines, where he worked at his trade on the Iowa State Register. In 1863 and 1864 he was engaged in the office of the Gazette, at Lewis, and on the demise of that journal, in 1864, initiated the Cass Count'j Messenger, as mentioned above. He was united in marriage with Hannah A Goodale, a daughter of Jeffer- son Goodale, one of the pioneers of Cass county, in 1860, by whom he has twelve children living — Harry, Cora, Eddie, "*■ ^ff ^Ma &. 440 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Eugene, Frank, Carl, Leonore, Madge, Robert, Grace, Leila 'and DoUie. After disposing of his interest in the Messenger to his partner, he , in April, 1881, staited a job printing office_iu Atlantic, and is engaged in that line of business at the present (1884). r J. H. Willey, the present able editor of the Messenger, is a native of the "Buck- eye State," having been born in Zanes- viile, Muskingum county, Ohio, on tlie 1st of April, 1853. He is the son of M. H. and C. 13. Willey. When Henry, as his friends call him, was about two and a half years old, his parents removed to Oska- loosa, Mahaska county, Iowa, where he was reared, and educated in the schools of that city. When he was sixteen years old, he removed to Boone countj', but re- mained there but about six months, wlieii he came to Atlantic, Cass county, where he lias since remained. When he first came to this point, he engaged in any work that he could find to do, not being of the kind of men who sit down, and, Micawber-like, "wait for something to turn up" in their favor. In August, ISTO, he entered the office of the Messenger, then conducted by H. C.Johnson, to learn the "art preservative." Having acquired the trade, on the Ist of October, 1873, he purchased a half interest in that journal, and in connection with Mr. Johnson, car- ried on the work of the office. In March, 187.5, Mr. Willey was appointed postal clerk, and assigned for duty on the Chi- cago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad. Tliis position he occupied, without sever- ing his connection with the Messenger, however, until the 1st of January, 1880, when he resigned, and once more entered the office of that journal, having pur- chased the remaining interest of Mr. Johnson, and has continued it ever since, alone. Mr. Willey was united in mar- riage on the 28th day of September, 1876, with Miss Sarah Eugenia Boyer, of Boone, Iowa. By this union there have been two children, Harry and Nellie, the former of whom has, howevei', passed from the arms of his sorrowing parents, and translated to a congenial sphere, where his name is written upon the "White Stone." ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH. The journal with the above name, the leading representative of the press of Cass county of the present day, was established in 1871, by Hon. Lafayette Young, the present owner and editor. The fii'st paper bears the date of February 16, and was a neat, sprightly nine-column folio, in good form -and excellent dress. On presenting himself to the patrons of the paper, Mr. Young made the following few remarks, by way oi a salutatory. "We have located at Atlantic for the purpose of engaging in the business of publishing a newspaper and doing job printing. The location is the one of our choice, after nearly three months pros- pecting in Iowa. We decided in favor of this place, because the town and county have a great and prosperous future in store for them. There is no better coun- try in Iowa than in Cass county, and no better country in the wide, wide world than in Iowa. Because of the goodness of the country here and the prosperity of Atlantic — the Magic City — we have here come and begun business. '■The main feature of the Telegraph will be a devotion to local interests. We "^S t jy^r 'XL HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 441 intend to use all means in our power for the development and advancement of Cass county, for here we have located and this place we expect to be our home. "In politicsjthe Teleffraph will be Repub- lican. But we accede to all men the right to hold and express honest differences of opinion, and will respect them none the less for the differences. "We come into the community strang- ers, but hope by strict attention to -busi- ness and as much fairness in the same as the generality of editors are capable of exercising, to merit and receive a portion of the public patronage." As a specimen of the way the new pa- per was received, the following items are clipped from the first issue of the Tele- graph: "A number of Iowa papers kindly placed our paper on their exchange list before the appearance of the first number. The State Register and Council Bluffs Nonpareil have sent us their daily edi- tions for the last fortnight. Boys.for your kindness, we shall remember you in the silent midnight hour while engaged in — working our imperial No. 5 hand press." "We print one thousand copies of this number of the Telegraph, and have but two subscribers. But thanks be to the men tliemselves, those two paid in ad- vance !" The people of Atlantic, also, seem to have appreciated the new paper, and a liberal amount of advertising appears in its columns. The paper was published on Thursday, as appears from its pages, at a subscription price of $2 per annum. On the 29th of June, 1871, the paper appeared with a slight change of name, being now known as the ATLANTIC WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, and the journal enlarged to an eight col- umn folio, "to accommodate the large amount of advertisements coming in," thus showing that the success of the pa- per was assured ""rom its inception. On the ITth of April, 1872, the publication day was changed to Wednesday. In May, 1874, the paper was enlarged to a nine column folio, as yet a "patent inside" journal, and during the fall of the same year, while the county fair was in opera- tion, a daily edition was issued. This was a small, five column paper, but spark- ling and bright, like the weekly. In the same fall of 1873, Mr. Young determined on printing his paper ^'all at home," and in order to bring it about, and permit him to get the ))aper out in time, he decreased the size of it to an eight column journal giving his readers and patrons the follow- ing explanation of the change: "The reader will notice that the Tele- graph has chapged itself a little this week. We are going to try printing and editing the paper all at home once more. We hiive reduced the size to that of a few months ago, but even in this form our ex- pense will be greater than heretofore, while printing a nine column, patent in- side sheet. We enlarged without notice or comment. We ensmall without any fuss, or apology. Those who like the Telegraph can take it or not, just as they please. Wo shall strive to make it better than it has ever been. Now is the time to subscribe. See special offer in another column." -5,^. ■^1> ^'i AS 442 HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. As the year rolled on the Telegraph grew in the estimation of the people of Cass and surrounding counties until it stood in the front ranks of journalism in this section of the State, and on the 3d of May, 1876, the paper was enlarged to nine columns and a new cylinder press and steam engine added to the equipment of the office. In speaking of the Telegraph, Mr. Young tersely and gracefully said: "We send the Telegraph this week to our readers in an enlarged form, and hope that we may be able to keep the paper this size and to make it better as it grows older. We have made many improve- ments in our office, and have many more under contemplation. Tlie reader will observe that we have changed tlie "make- up" of the paper, placing the local depart ment on the third pfige, as is the custom with the majority of country papers. This is done to enable us to print the outside pages first, which will enaTjle us to fold the dry side of the paper outward." On the 8th day of June, 1881, the Tele- graph again made its appearance in an enlarged form, being changed to a ten column paper. It was afterwards changed to a nine column, six page paper, which form it has continued to the present time. The Telegraph has always rested solely upon its merits, and has always stood for its intrinsic worth; with what success is shown by its present condition, as it, to- day, has as much influence and as large a circulation an any paper in Southwestern Iowa. Lafayette Young, the editor, is well fitted for the responsibility of the position, bringing to it a mind above the average, a keen, trenchant pen, and a journalistic courtesy rarely found 'in the craft. The paper always under his con- trol has ever supported the principles of the Republican party, and lias had a con- siderable influence in moulding the course of local politics in this district. ATLANTIC DAILY TELEGEAPH. In the early winter of 1879-80, Mr. Young determined on the establishment of a daily newspaper in the city of Atlan- tic, deeming that the time had arrived for that venture, and accordingly, on the 8th of December, 1879, a journal under the above caption made its appearance before the people of Atlantic and Cass county. It was in form, a clean, neat sheet, of six columns, folio. In initiating this newspaper, Mr. Young gave the fol- lowing few reasons for the attempt at establishing a daily in this locality: "The first number of the daily Telegraph, new series, is here presented. A great many people will feel like inquiring why we undertake to publish a daily. To such supposed question we make answer as follows: "1. Our city now has over four thou- sand inhabitants. A vast majority of these people are readers, and a gr^atmany of them — probably three hundred — take daily papers already, and may possibly be induced to take a daily published at home, if it contains something which they desire to see. "2. We have a large, well-equipped printing office, and can, just as well as not, do more in the printing line than we do. "3. Job printing, which used to be the main stay of pointing ofiioes in cities of this size, is no longer the source of any profit, hence if the work of our establish. ^. r HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 443 f&U ment is to be increased profitably, it must be in the line of making newspapers. "4. We desire to make the weekly bet- ter than it has ever been, and, in order to do that, we hojje to make the daily pay part of such increased expense. "5. A weekly paper cannot well be made to suit both town and country read- ers. The city subscriber desires all the city news he can possibly get, even of the most trivial occurrencs; while the country reader wants all the general news of the world which he can procure, with only the most important of the local or town events. With a daily for the city, and a good weekly for the country, both classes of patrons can be suited. "6. There are disagreements among advertisers also. There are classes of business men whose interest it is to adver- tise and work for city trade. To such class the daily will be more acceptable and economical as an advertising medium than the weekly. Then there is another class of business men, the reverse of those, who can address their patrons to a better advantage through the weekly. '"7. Atlantic cannot expect to be a real growing, thriving city without a daily pa- per. If there is to be a daily published here, it will have to have a beginning. When will there be a better tim.e than the present? Business, all admit, is growing better. "8. There will be times when a daily paper here will be an actual convenience, but that will not be every day. Nearly all notices of public meetings occurring in the wrong time of the week to be an- nounced in either of the weekly papers, heretofore have been given by posters or hand bills. Such announcements can here- after be made at less expense throiigb the daily, and all the people will see them, for the reason that scores of the inhabi- tants of the city who do not take the daily will read a copy .of it which is taken by somebody else. This will be a positive fact, and we can illustrate it. About one hundred daily Registers are taken in this city, but at least six hundred people read them. This fact may be of no service to the paper, but it will be of advantage to the advertisers. "We could enumerate a dozen other reasons why we have undertaken this en- terprise, but the above will suffice to give the reader an idea of what we have been thinking about." The Daily Telegraph was enlarged to a seven column folio, on the 21st of March, 1881, a form which it preserves to the present. All tiie usual press dispatches appear in its columns, together with all the local news of any moment, and the editorial comments, and political leaders are written in Mr. Young's happiest vein. Like its elder brother, the daily Telegraph is strongly Republican, and has a large influence in the city and its environs. Lafayette Young is a native of the liawkeye State, being born in Monroe county, May 10, 1848, on a farm. When about ten years of age, he went with his parents to the town of Albia, and in 1860, entered the office of the Albia Sentinel to learn the printer's trade. He remained in the employ of that paper until 1861, when it changed hands. Agiin thrown out in 1862, by the editor, Josiah Young and all hands joining the Union army and closing the office. He continued working *¥ IV Ms- -i- 444 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. at his trade in a printing office in Albia, Eddyville and neighboring towns, until about 1806. At that time he went to Des Moines — walking the entire distance — and set to learning the "art preservative" more completely, at Mills and Company's large printing house, and during the years of 1868 and 1869, worked at his trade in St. Loiiis, Missouri. In March, 1 870, Mr. Young returned to Des Moines and be- came city editor of the State Register, and held that position until January, 1871, when he came to Atlantic and es- tablished the paper which he has since published. The paper was established on an actual capital of $400. Mills and Company sold him a large amount of second-hand material on time. Success has attended Mr. Young's labors on every hand. To-day he has a large daily and weekly newspaper steam printing office, second to none in southwestern Iowa, and owns the two story brick building in which the office is situated, besides a fine residence property in a desirable location. In March, 1870, he was married in Jones county, Iowa, to Miss Josephine Bolton, by whom three children have been born, one daughter and two sons. In 1873 he was elected State senator for a term of four years, from the district composed .of Adair, Cass, Adams and Union counties. He served on several important commit- tees, and voted for the original law fixing railway, freight and passenger charges. He was re-elected senator in 1877, for another term of four years, from the dis- trict comprised of Adair, Cass and Madi- son counties, and served as chairman of the Senate committee at the twp follow- ing sessions, and led the contest against the repeal of the railway tariff law. He has always been a Republican, and was elected senator as a Republican. He lias also borne an active part in all public en- terprises proposed for the advancement of Atlantic or Cass county. He had much to do with building the water works and served as secretary of that incorporation for about two years, during the construc- tion of the same. He has also attained a high degree in Masonry. ANITA TIMES. The journal with the above name, was established in the fall of 1877, at the town of Auita, by Charles F. Chase and Claude Faust, under the firm name of Chase and Faust. The first issue bore the date of November 14th, and was a seven column folio, printed all at home. It was intensely Democratic, and bristled all over with pungent criticism of the course of its political opponents. This paper started in response to the wishes of a great number of the business men of the town and vicinity, as there was, then, no paper published in the county, as the exponent of the principles of the Demo- cratic party. As the day for the publica- tion of the first number drew near, great anxiety was felt among the merchants and business men to see the new paper. Ac- cordingly on the 14th of November, when everything was ready, and the form was laid upon the platen of the press, a large number of the prominent meVi of the town gathered into the office to watch the proceedings. A dampened sheet was laid upon the press, and Mr. Chase, with his own hands, speedily brought round the lever, and an impression was taken. He, laughingly, ascended a box which ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ^ » 445 fe. stood in the room, and proceeded to sell, tliis the first issue of the Times, to the highest bidder. Considerable merriment was the consequence, and bidding ran quite spiritedly for a while, and it was finally knocked down to Edwin Gate, the pioneer merchant of the town, who had bid twenty-five dollars. For several years this paper was oper- ated with good success. Mr. Faust, ^fter a time, retired, and the paper was ably edited and issued by Cliarles F. Chase, alone. "In the issue of July 14, 1880, Mr. Chase made the following announcement of the publication of the paper in Anita: "7b the Friends and Patrons of the Times: With this issue the 7'imes ceases its publication at this place. Feeling it to be the duty of every man to do the best pos- sible thing for himself and the cause he espouses, we have concluded to move tlie 7Hmes to 'Atlantic, where it will be pub- lished as thoroughly Deraocratic-as here- tofore, under the same ownership and control, yet under a new name. Those who are now subscribers to the Times we hope to retain as subscribers to its succes- sor, under the same terms as heretofore, and those who have found its advertising columns profitable, we hope to continue to serve. ****** "The name of the Times' successor will be The Cass County Democrat, published for the good of the people of Cass county. We expect to secure a good correspondent in each township in the county, and to such will pay a moderate compensation. "With many feelings of regret we sever the ties which bind us to the good people of this town and vicinity, among whom we have lived, and at whose hands we have received so many kindnesses during the past three years. We leave yoii with none but the kindest feelings and best wishes for your growth and success as a town, and, as a peoj)le, we wish you well. The Cass County Democrat office, wher- ever it may be located, will be open at all times to you, and the hearts of ye editor, and his wife, likewise. "Remember the Times in kindness, and feel lenient when you reflect that it did its duty by you to the best of its ability, that it never faltered nor swerved, and that in the future it will be far from deaf to \ou. And so, adieu, hoping to greet you with another and much better paper at the time mentioried above." On removing to Atlantic, the name of the paper was changed to that of CASS COUNTY DEMOCRAT, a name it still continues to bear. The first issue of this journal made. its appear- ance on the nth of August, 1880, from its new quarters in the city of Atlantic, and was warmly greeted by the adherents of the political faith of which it was so strong a champion. It was established as an eight-column folio. With paper No. 22, of volume 5, which bore the date of January 4, 1882, the jour- assumed a new form, taking that of a neat, six-column quarto. In this shape it was run by Charles F. Chase until Sep- tember 21, 1882, when he disposed of his interest therein to Bilderback and Gard- ner, who published the first issue under their management on the 4th of October. Messrs. Bilderback and Gardner did not long continue together, for on the Ist. '^' jj'® -4>>- 446 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. of December, 1882, E. D. Gardner sold his interest to J. N. Foster, of Atlantic, and the paper was continued under the same name, by the new firm of Bilderback and Foster. For some reason these par- ties couhi not make the journal pay, so it was taken back by C. F. Chase, under mortgage, on the 6th of September, 1883, and has been published by him ever since. On the 18th of October, 1883, Mr. Chase inserted in his columns the following re- marks to his patrons: "The publisher of this paper feels that he owes an apology to its readers and ad- vertising patrons, and wishes to make it. He took possession in the heat of the cam- paign, finding the business of the office in a bad shape, and an insufiicient force of workmen. Much of his time was taken up in the burdens which come with the campaign, leaving Ijim utterly unable to untangle the snarl. The press on which our weekly is printed was nearly ruined, and we were unable at that time to get it repaired. Because of this, the paper was poorly printed, and gave poor satisfaction to its readers, though none felt worse about it than we did. While out working for the Democracy we were obliged to entrust much of our business to strange hands, and now we have every reason to believe that they violated that trust. We learn that a good many towns missed their papers entirely for several weeks. This we regret very much. "Now, however, we are again on our feet, with time to give our paper our personal attention, which we propose to do in the fullest sense. We shall personally super- vise the printing and mailing, and we guarantee that in the future there shall be no repetition of the right to complaint by our subscribers that there has been in the last few weeks past. Particular attention will bo paid to the advertising depart- ment and we can safely guarantee to ad- vertisers complete satisfaction in every particular. "To our readers we desire to say that we shall,endeavor to make this paper as read- able as possible, and we ask you to assist us in placing it in every home in the county. "And,by the way, we need considerable money just now, and would like to have all those in arrears "whack up" as fast as possible. Thanks for past kindnesses." The paper is a nine column folio, atthe present time, neatly printed and manifest- ing in its make-up the oversight of a prac- tical printer of first-class ahility; ably edited, and with a large amount of spicy locals and pungent editorials. DAILY DEMOCEAT, Several campaign journals, under the above head have been issued from this office. The first made its appearance on the 10th of August, 1880, under the edi- torship of Mr. Chase, who advocated in his usual ardent manner, the election of the standard bearers of the democracy of that year. This disappeared after the election in November, of that year, there being no room for it to thrive. It was re- suscitated in May, 1882, during the Pro- hibitory Amendment campaign of that year, it taking a strong stand against the passage of any sumptuary laws. While the paper was in the hands of Bilderback and Foster, they essayed to revive the daily, but after it had run a few months, , 6 r "« -J * V HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 447 k. ] the office passed into the hands of C. F. Chase, as related, who allowed the daily to cease. ANITA TIMES. When the old paper under the editorial control of Charles F. Chase, with the above name, was removed to Atlantic in July, 1880, and became the Cass county Democrat, Anita was left without a journal and a new paper with the same name was started by Chase and Blakes- ley, the latter of whom was editor, the first issue of which bore dale of January IT, 1881. It was a lively little paper un- der this management and neatly gotten up in the shape of a five column folio, well filled by advertisements, and bright, crisp locals, the paper was attractive and en- tertaining. It was afterwards enlarged, to an eight column folio, and in May, 1881, Mr. Chase retired from the firm. Mr. Blakesley continued to wield the pen editorial until the latter part of February, 1883, when he stepped down and out, with the following valedictory to his friends: "For more than two years we have been section boss of The Times, nnd now we have lost the job. Durino- that period the country has not been convulsed in any great wars to try men's souls, and noth- ing of very great moment has arisen to make men shed tears, except it might be the death of the Greenback party, and the star spangled banner still waves. Whether it will continue to wave after we retire from the management of TheTimes, is doubtful; but it may. Yes, it is over two years that we have labored to keep this community in good humor, and have partially succeeded, and one of the sad- dest thoughts we have in parting with you, my friends, is the fear that you may, with- out the moral and religious instructions you may have received weekly, again be- come barbarians. But, seriously, we do not leave the old shop without a feeling of sadness as parting from a tried friend, one who would always be willing to travel far out of his way to "take somethin'" every time you would set 'em up, and it is only the hope that in the peaceful calling of Agricola, we may be free from the ever recurring cry of "copy," that tempts us to quit the job. "To the many friends who have stood by The Times we wish to return thanks. You have been'generous in your patronage, which has helped to keep the kettle boil- ing, and have spoken words of encourage- ment that have kept the spirits up. Wherever our lot shall be cast we will re- member you with kindest remembrances. It may be in sections far from you, but never so far that the mind will not return and, as it were, live over the years spent in your midst. "Mr. S. F. Myers will step into our place, and it wiU'not be necessary for us to in- troduce him. We would, however, ask for him a continuance of the patronage given to us, believing he will prove worthy, and now, kind friends, adieu. May the kindness we have received at your hands be ever returning in a tenfold degree to you, and the lavish hand of for- tune be ever emptying into your laps." "Sherm," as he is called by his friends, on mounting the editorial tripod, indulged in the following language, in his first issue on the 1st of March: "Agreeable to a time honored custom, it becomes necessary for us to make a lirief ^ ^ 448 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. •k statement of the policy we intend to pur- Bue in conducting the 2^mes, and believ- ing an independent sheet is best calculat- ed to advance the interest of the com- munity, we will make no change in this particular. By independence we do not consider ourself bound to remain silent when a wrong has been committed by any political party, and shall take the liberty to censure all acts or measures of any po- litical party, that, in our judgment, is against the interests of the people, and shall take as great pleasure in commend- ing a worthy act or measure adopted by one party as another. In making a paper a success, as much depends upon the peo- ple of the community as upon the editor. A newspaper cannot exist long without patronage; therefore, we ask a continu- ance of tlie very liberal patronage given our predecessor. "We will strive to keep all matter out of our columns that would have a tenden- cy to injure any one, either in character or property, believing it is not just and fair to publish anything against one who has not the control of the columns of a newspaper in which to defend himself, ■unless the act be such that the good of the community demands that it be made public. "We ask the indulgence of our patrons until experience and more mature years shall enable us to make the Times "the best paper in the county." But, the well laid plans so often made are apt to be broken up by circumstances over which we may have no control, for in No- vember, 1883, V. D. Rood, who owned the office, sold it to S. W. Teagarden Myers in stepping down from the perch, favored his friends and neighbors with a valedic- tory, which as it is not very long is in- serted here. He said: "For the past eight months the Anita Times has been under our management and control, and with this issue, as editor and publisher, we step down and otit. Mr. S. W. Teagarden, until recently one of the editors of the Atlantic Saturday Herald, being our successor. During the short period of eight months we have en- deavored to edit a paper which would, as near as possible, please anybody, but we have found it a difficult task to perform. While we have made some friends we have no doubt made some enemies, but it has not been our intention to unjustly criticize or wrong any who did not de- serve it. We have worked hard to place the Times on a sound financial basis, and none can deny the fact that this has been Our constant aim. To our many true friends who have stood by us and helped us, we say well done, thou good and faith- ful people, and wish for you all the suc- cess imaginable in your branches of busi- ness. Our relations with the business men of Anita have been exceedingly • pleasant with the exception of a few mis- understandings, but we all possess faults and none are perfect. "Peace and good will to men" is our living sentiment, and with the full con- viction of the ever living truth as taught us by a good mother, that man's true mission on earth is to do all the good he can, and as little harm as possible, we drop the curtain that veils the scenes of our editorial career in Anita, with a fer- vent ''God bless you," to one and all, old and young, high or low, rich and poor, Ir- Jl=^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 449 with an assurance that wherever we may drift, we sliall carry with us the kindest regards for our friends and a forgiving sentiment for the few we may have offended." Mr. Teagarden did not continue long in contrbl of the paper, and in February, 1883, it passed back into the possession of Dr. Rood, and in an extra published March 6, 1884, appears the following: "The Anita Times will appear before the public, on next Thursday, March 13, 1884. Mr. R; B. Claiborne, recently from Sioux City, a newspaper man of over twenty years experience, will have charge of the mechanical department, and also become its local editor. I am deter- mined to spare no expense in making the Times a newspaper well up in all things that go to place it in the first ranks of journalism. "All subscribers will be furnished the Times to the full extent for which they have paid. The interruption which was caused in its regular publication was some- thing for which I was wholly irresponsi- ble, and very much regretted. I am de- termined however, with the change that has been forced upon me, to largely im- prove the Times, and trust, to that end I may have the hearty co-operation and sup- port of the whole comraunity, and the reading public generally." V. D. Rood. "Having come to Anita with the full determination of making it our future home, and having taken charge of the lo- cal columns of the Anita Times, h will he our constant aim to give our readers all the news of our town and county, to do this we need the assistance of our citi- zens, as we propose to publish a local paper, for the good of Anita and Cass county. The columns of the Times are open to all communications of a newsy nature. We hope by our untiring efforts to deserve the hearty support of the public. "In the mean-time we are prepared to do all kinds of plain and fancy job work at reasonable rates and hope to get a share of your paironage," R. B. Claiboenb. Richard B. Claiborne, was born in Nantes, France, on the 14th of May, 1839. His father, Richard B., died in Glenwood, Iowa, in 1879, and his mother died in France in 1852. The subject of this received his education in England and France, and on coming to America in 1854, he served an apprenticeship to the printer's trade, until the war broke out, when he went to Cincinnati and entered the theatrical profession at Pike's Opera House. He was employed in that business for a number of years, when he began traveling through the south, and was taken prisoner by Webb's guerilla band, of Gen- eral Price's army, at White Bluffs, which is situated on the Arkansas river. He then returned to Glenwood, and began the grocery business, and was so engaged until 1867, when his entire stock was de- stroyed by fire. When quite a boy, he became devil in a printing office, of which his father was proprietor. After the tire he returned to his trade, which he has fol- lowed ever since. He came to Anita in 1884, and in March of that year, began the publication of the Anita Times. He has established a good circulation through- ^' ^^1^ — ^ 450 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. .k out the country, and has received the con- fidence and esteem of Cass county. Mr. Claiborne was married in JSovember, 1806, in Plattsmouth, Nebraska, to Miss Eliza- beth A. Register, a daughter of Josiah R. and Catharine A. (Tutt) Register. They have been blessed with lour children — Hansford H., James R., Elizabeth W., de- ceased, and Bertha K. Mr. Claiborne is an independent politioan. CAP SHEAF. A Democratic newspaper, under the above name, was established in the spring of 1874, at the rising town of Atlantic, by D. M. Harris. The first issue bears the date of May 1st, and is a six-column quarto. Mr. Harris, a writer of genuine ability, in obedience to the time honored custom of the craft, indulged in the fol- lowing remarks, by way of a greeting to the public in general and his friends in particular. "Custom has established the law making it necessary that the editor in taking charge of a paper, shall proclaim to his readers the course he intends to pursue, defining his ppsition on leading measures, and map out his journey in advance. A wise man once said: 'Universal empire is the prerogative of a writer. His concerns are with all mankind, and though he cannot command their obedience, lie can assign them their duty. The Republic of Letters is more ancient than monarchy, and of far higher character in the world than the vassal court of kings.' We are also aware that it is much easier to make a promise than it is to redeem it, and hav- ing this experience we shall make but few. Our object is to publish a newspa- per in the fullest meaning of the term, and shall use all reasonable means to make it what it purports to be. "Party and creed will be adhered to only so long as they are true to the inter- est of the people, and while we approve the objects and aims of the Anti-monop- oly party as proclaimed by the leaders of that organization, we will not prove recre- ant to the great interests of our readers, in adhering to that organization should they forget the high stand taken to re- form the administration, both State and national,but will labor for the people, and with the people, to secure purity,economy and justice in the making and administra- tion of law and political authority. 'Desiring to be independent of all rings, cliques and juntos we shall make no tangling alliances with any, but shall endeavor to treat all men with kindness, and shall refrain from all personalities calculated to wound the most fastidious taste, but should it become necessary to strike in self defense, we shall 'strike from the shoulder,' with tliefuU intention of hitting the mark, holding ourselves per- sonally responsible for everything appear- ing in our columns published as original matter. "VVe are not unmindful of the fact that the establishment of another paper in Cass county, where we already have two, is an experiment of doubtful propriety, yet we make the adventure upon the solicitation of many of the leading men of the county, trusting to tliat spirit of liberality for which the people are so justly distin- guished, and in our ovvn ability to publish a paper worthy the confidence of those who have so generously assisted us so far, will- ing to risk the adventure and abide the ;if •k HISTORY OF CASS COUNT F. 451 result. We come to stay — to build up a home — to assist in developing the native •wealth of the county — to speak in behalf of the farmer, mechanic and the laboring man — to advance the common interest of all, and thus promote our own, while we add to the interest of othqrs. We there- fore launch our craft upon the common sea of criticism and invite for it only so much favor as it deserves from true merit. Trusting we may have a pleasant voyage, we are, etc." Mr. Harris continued to publish this journal until the fall of 1875, whe he sold it to James Pugh. In the last number of the Cap Sheaf, under his control, Mr. Har- ris took his leave of patrons and readers, in the following fine article, under the head of "Our work is finished:" "Unexpectedly to ourself, and no doubt to many of our friend«, we, in this number of the Cap Slitaf, finish our work as edi- tor, and now bid adieu to our patrons. *** * * *** And now, without any regret or bad feel- ings to any, only regreting our ability was unequal to the task, we bid you adieu, trusting that our retiremen* may be to the advancement and interest of the city, and the prosperity of the party to which we are proud to belong. "We cannot close this communication without returning our thanks to our con- temporaries for their courtesy and friend- ship during our editorial life in this city, and to the papers of the State who have exchanged with us, for their editorial eti- quette and liberality in exchanging, and trust they will continue the same friend- ship to our successor." On the accession of Mr. Pugh to the editorial control and proprietorship, he changed it to a prohibition sheet, and the name to THE NOETH-WBSTEEN JOURNAL, But did not change the general form. The first issue of the paper saw the light on Friday, November 5, 1875, and con- tained the following salutatory: "We issue to-day the first number of the Northwestern Journal, devoted to temperance, morality and education. The times demand such an organ. The liquor parties are fixed in their determination to extend the manufacture and sale of intox- icants, and thereby perpetuate the untold sorrows and expense of the traffic. It is now avowed that neither of the great political parties are willing to advocate the cause of prohibition. The great cause of intemperance, the worst enemy to the grandeur of our country — and the great- est evil in it— has been entirely cast aside for party ends. The friends of prohibi- tion cannot have their rights upheld — and the wrongs of the anti-prohibitionists, and the corruptions of the liquor traffic ex- posed through a press that is bound to party. 'Hence we feel the necessity of an organ that is firm in the right cause— de- termined to be swayed by no favor and awed by no fear — that will speak out boldly in opposition to intemperance, and expose faithfully the long train of evils resulting from the wicked trafiio, and en- deavor thereby to so educate the public mind that the traffic shall be hurled from us. Men are now permitted to sell at any corner this liquid death that sets on fire the souls of men, impoverishes children, makes widows and orphans, supplies pris- 29 452 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ons with victims, and increases the tax of the country, and receive protection from the law of the land. Thousands of men, women and children, have petitioned and asked relief, but this greatest question now before the people has been hurled from both political parties — only as they have favored the liquor interests. In the Northwesterti Journal the friends of pro- hibition will find an unflinching advocate of their cause. "On all questions of- public interest the Journal will be out-spoken, independent in all things. No men are more uncertain than those who are always waiting to see which is to be the popular side before committing themselves. Questions of du- ty and right never enter their creed, pol- icy men, time servers. We can never consent to make either party our oracle or finger-board. We believe in opposing political error and corruption, though found in either party— in opposing for office men of any parly who are advocates of the liquor traffic. Though the temper- ance question shall form a main feature of the Journal, it shall not be the only one. The warfare is not now of swords but of ideas. The educational and moral element of the country must be guarded. Social and political customs of the old world are now meeting us face to face. The alliance of the various elements is being perfected. — seeking to destroy the legal recognition of the Sabbath, and substitute for the church, beer gardens, etc. The papal power seeking to destroy the common school system, and to arrange for sectarian schools sustained by the State. These are some of the questions that have to be met. They will not "down" at the bid- ding of. party serving men. We desire to make it a Km newspaper — shrinking from no duty, exposing corruption wherever found — advocating good morals and edu- cation; giving a synopsis of the general news, markets, etc. "With this, we ask the friends of suoh a paper to assist in securing subscribers and job work. Of course, a newspaper cannot be sustained without money — and we believe the people will so sufficiently patronize us as to leave no doubt as to the success of the Journal." In August, ] 876, the office was purchased of Mr. Pugh, by J. A. Crawford, and in the taking farewell of his subscribers, Mr. Pugh explains the reason of the change in the following lines: "When we issued the last number of the Northwestern Journal, we were not aware that it was our last, but such is the case, having negotiated the sale of the Journal office to Mr. J. A. Crawford, who will change the name and object of the paper. We will state that all those who have paid us for the Journal will receive the Cap Sheaf up to the time they paid for the Journal. That we have been suc- cessful in our efforts to publish a temper- ance journal our friends admit, and taking all thiyigs into consideration we are glad we can retire from the publication of it with little or no financial loss to ourselves or our patrons. Many will no doubt blame us for not continuing the publica- tion of the Journal. To such we will say that a large majority of the temperance people of the State do not want a temper- ance journal, and will not support the same, especially in a political campaign like the present. Hence, we concluded to "^^ •J< ° * > HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 453 fe sell the Journal to save ourselves from financial loss. "To all those who gave us their support ■we return our tlianks, and will ask of those who owe us on subscription, to settle the matter at once, so as to enable us to meet our demands. "To our exchanges we return thanks for their kindness in exchanging with us, and for tlleir many kind notices of the Jour- nal. "In conclusion we will state that it is with joy and regret that we take our leave. Joy, that we are relieved from our labors, and yet we regret that we are unable to continue them. That we have made many friends we are assured, and, on the other hand, we have made bitter enemies, we are also assured. To the latter we will say we have no apology to offer, and take it as an assurance we have done our duly; for had we not done our duty we would neither had friends nor enemies. Willi this assurance we take our leave." Mr. Crawford, on taking possession of the office, at once revived the old name ol CAP SHEAF, and placing it at the head of the paper, once more entered the arena to defend the tenets of the Democratic party. In launch- ing his craft upon the stormy seas of jour- nalism, he, too, had something to say, which was couched in the following lan- guage: "The Northwestern Journal, press and office, having changed hands, necessitates a discontinuance of that sheet with the issue of No. 39, Vol. I; its place to be oc- cupied by a journal of different name and character, devoted to another cause than that of temperance. "It will be sufficient for our first issue to state the mere outlines of the course in- tended to be pursued through the present campaign, as we yet have not completed necessary arrangements to make our first paper little more than an introductory. "This paper will be devoted to the cause of Democracy; placing at its mast- head the names of Tilden and Hendricks, we will follow with all and every Demo- cratic conventional nominee, both state and local. We propose making this jour- nal purely Democratic, not a bolter's battle-axe. Neither do we propose to publish a weak-kneed, conservative organ, for it is considered that the doctrine un- der whose teachings our government ad- vanced from infancy to manhood, under the ruling of which our nation expanded, from a small confederation to a firm and m'gl'ty government, is yet good enough to support, without being interspersed with conservative rules and nurtured on Gieeley milk. * * * * None but bandy-kneed conservatives and half-con- verted radicals, will assume in this cam- paign a neutral stand, or desert the cause, because the minions of deep corruption and darkness dire has for so long held the balance of power; or because the strong- hold of salary-grabbers or corrupt rings will point the sharky finger, and exclaim, — a Demo(?rat is a traitor! * * * » All that is needed to make our cause suc- cessful, is a combined action of our party, from our platform and our standpoint. By such uniformity of action, we can drive the radical calves away from the treasury kettle, and leave them dolefully bellowing for another lick at its much-coveted con- tents. '1^ 454 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. "Should our young journal be the means of converting one radical to the cause of Democracy and right, we will be happy; our sanctum sanctoram will be a place of rejoicing; for sacred writ says — 'he that converteth a sinner from the error of his way, shall save a soul from hell; thereby hiding a multitude of sins.' "And let it be understood that this is not a campaign paper^only, but a perma- nent thing; a fixed star in the journalistic constellation, whose "shine" we hope to improve and brighten, as it rises above the horizon and misty haze (Hayes.) 'It will not be our aim to make war on individuals; we will attack only party principles and not persons. Only when we are pitched_into shall we show fight, as 'self-defense is nature's first law.' "It will be our aim to make this paper worthy of the patronage of the party and others, who desire a live, local sheet, a good advertising meaium, and a general raider on the wrongs, rings, and corrup- tion, from whatever source they arise." The paper ran thus until September 29, ISTB, when J. S. Barnett took it in charge as agent for the mortgagee, and George S. Wedge wood was installed] as editor, but it did not long survive, the last issue appearing upon the'20thof October, IS'TB. LEWIS INDEPENDENT. The only newspaper published at Lewis at the present time, is the Independent. It was established by the present proprie- tor and editor, J. B. Erion, who came here from Springville, Linn county for the purpose. The first issue appeared May 19, 1880, and each Wednesday since that time it has'been published with great regularity. The first edition of the pa- was 1,200 copies, which were distributed among those who had already subscribed, and in the territory in which it was thought the paper would acquire a circulation. The salutatory was couched in the follow- ing language : "what we are here for. To-day we have the pleasure of handing you the first number of the Lewis Inde- pendent, together with our conpliments. Examine it carefully, criticise it leniently, and decide — that is, in our favor. There is a period in the history of all business points, of any pretensions whatever, when it seems to become necessary, in the course of human events, for some enter- prising American citizen to immolate him- self on the altar of journalism, for the benefit of the public, by supplying that 'long felt want' for which every paper in the land has been established. Lewis has arrived at that stage in her history. (It sometimes occurs more than once). The business of the town demands the publi- cation of a weekly journal within its bor- ders, and the initial number is before you. As its name implies, it will be independ- ent in politics — now and forever — ^but will notfail to to give important political news and results impartially and fa,irly, without taking sides in the already over- troubled pool of politics. Our specialty will consist in giving the people a genuine home paper, one that will give all its time and space . to the publication, in an at- tractive form of local and county news in its local columns, while our 'patent out- side' will give a better and more complete epitome of general news from over the entire world than we could possibly ob- tain for our readers through any other me- ^ rj^ J ^^ — ^ ■* " R. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 455 dium. As this is a campaign year, and the number of political papers published throughout the country are almost unlinl- ited, we believe an independent paper will be acceptable to a majority of readers — looked npon as an oasis in the desert of political strife. The Independent will en- deavor to give expression to public opin- ion in all public matters, to give a faithful report of all passing events, and keep its readers posted in mercantile matters, markets, etc. Now, if you wish to become a regular reader, our subscription book lies open on the desk, and when your turn comes, you can stop up, sign your name, pay your money, and be happy." The first paper contained six and one- half columns of home advertising and pro- fessional cards, the time tables, and direc- tory of churches and societies, besides spicy local columns, records of births, marriages, etc., for the week. The pat- ronage of the Independent rapidly in- creased, both in subscriptions and adver- tising, and it was not long before Mr. Erion could boast of a safely established business enterprise as the result of his labors on the paper. He has all along conducted it in the channel he started in, and it is to-day independent of polities. J. B. Erion, was born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, August 29, 1842, and is a son of Philip and Matilda Erion. He spent his early life, and obtained his edu- cation in his native State. In 1861 he entered the army, enlisting in company A, of the Fourth Ohio Infantry, and serv- ing until October 22, 1862, when he was honorably discharged at Harper's Ferry. He returned from the army to Knox coun- ty, Ohio, where he attended school during ^' the following winter. January 1, 1863, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Leonard, a native of Ohio. In the fall of the same year they removed to Linn county, Iowa, where they resided till 1870, then removing to Bates county, Missouri, which was their home until 1876. In that year they returned to Linn county, where he engaged in the business of Keeping a drug and book store, at Springville, con- tinuing it about a year, and during the time published a monthly paper, for the purpose of affording himself, and other business men, an advertising medium. It was called the Springville News. After closing out his drug and book business, he, in company with a young man from Cornell college, Mt. Vernon, Iowa, estab- lished the Springville Independent, to which he devoted his whole time. In 1879, he sold his interest in that paper to his partner, and in Mirch, 1880, removed to Lewis, where he has since remained, engaged in conducting the Indeptndent. Mr. and Mrs. Ei-ion have six children — Jennie Mabel, now the wife of'W. A. Terry, Luella M., Alice L., Francis L., Etta P. and L. De Witt. Mr. Erion is post commander of the G. A. R. and per- manent secretary of the I. O. O. P. lodge. THE MAENB MESSAGE. A journal with the above name, was started at the town of Marne, by O. C. Bates, in the summer of 1882. The first number bore the date of July 10, 1882, and was a fair specimen of the "art pre- servative." Mr. Bates was a good deal of a writer, and much of the paper was original, and withal consistent. It passed into the hands of W. H. Sanders, who changed the name to =^jV J, 456 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. •t *IA THB people's advocate, and removed it to Atlantic. After set- tling in the latter city, Conrad Linder- man became part owner, but the partner- ship did not long endure. On making the change from Marne to the county- seat, Mr. Sanders indulged in the follow- ing monograph, upon the new quarters: "As we look through the skylight of our new sanctum, catching the flitting clouds running the race of time, appar- ently hustling along, as it were, to be- come dissipated in etherial space or reach that chemical condition which bids them condense and bathe with refreshing showers the parched earth — we then cast our eyes down to the crowded pavement below and there^ liustling along, in the pursuit of business or pleasure, steadily treads the footsteps of humanity, vieing one with the other, seeking the depart- ment suitable to each, buoyed wilh hope- ful anxiety and ardent anticipations — treading along, directed by the offered opportunities none the less attractive by being go varied. We again look about us with still greater wonderment, so strange is our lot to be thus cast among men and looked upon by some — only a few — as an unnecessary evil; yet, we trust, after we are understood by them, that they will join in with us to aid once more in secur- ing honest legislation. "To the business men we wish to say, that your success depends upon the farmers who now, as a class, are outrage- ously robbed by exorbitant freight charges and high rates of interest. Tbeir success is your success, and common rea- son among ourselves means success for all; therefore, we ask a share of your pat- ronage. We will strive to meet all dif- ferences in a candid, fair and conserva- tive manner. Your busy life should not be allowed to distract your attention from the surrounding encroachments upon your countrymen, and an occasional pern- sal of our columns will not, at least, darken your pathway. We invite you to consider, with us, the means to arrive at the wisest conclusions. "A special feature of our columns will be to aid the laboring classes in receiving for their toil a liberal, yet equitable, com- pensation for their services. The subsi- dized press, which the old parties control, heed not their righteous demands, but seek to place labor on a plane of serfdom and increase the burdens already too grievous lo bear without earnest protest. Yours fraternally, Sandeks axd Lindeeman." The paper is now edited by W. H. San- ders, who purchased the interest of Mr. Linderman. The paper is the particular champion of what is known as the Green- back-Labor party, for the advancement of whose principles it has labored and is laboring manfully. Mr. Sanders has a great and ready flow of language, and each issue of his paper teems with scath- ing remarks on the abuse of power, the growth of monopoly, the supineness of existing parties, and the necessity for the organization of labor for its own protec- tion. W. H. Sanders was born on Novem- ber 27, 1852, in Lorain county, Ohio. His parents, Daniel and Mehitabel San- ders were farmers, who were raised in that State. In ] 854 they removed to In- diana and stayed there one and a half ^; 'f yat HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 457 years, and then returned to their old home in Ohio. His father was a veteran of the Forty-first Ohio Infantry, company H, and was severely wounded in battle. During the last two years of the war the subject of this sketch carried mail over- land. In 1865 the whole family moved to Branch county, Michigan, and lived there until the year of 1870, when they emigrated to Newton, Jasper county, Iowa. November, 1871, they settled on new land in Franklin township, Cass county, Iowa, and improved it and made a success of farming. December 15, 1874, Mr Sanders mar- ried Mary R. Hughes, of the same coun- ty; and as a result of said union, have an interesting family of three boys, namely — Vernie D., born September 28, 1875; Brinton B., born June 2, 1881, ^nd Floyd A., born December 30, 1883. Mr. San- ders engaged for several years in the mercantile trade at Wiota, in this county, and had his stock of goods destroyed by lire; .after which he moved to Marne, and published the People's Advocate. In the fall of 1883 he removed it to Atlantic, where he especially espoused the cause of labor, and has made his paper a power in the hands of the people, by whom he is held in high esteem, and is fast rising to a position of much usefuln^s and in- fluence. . . THE SUNDAY MOEKING CLIPPER. This paper was established the first of January, 1883, by Chas. W. Moseley, who had previously conducted a job printing office in Atlantic for some time. It was a small, three-column folio, set in nonpa- reil type. The first issue appeared Jan- uary 7, which contained the following salutatory: "This, the initial number of the Clipper, comes to you this morning as a specimen copy of our efforts toward trying to put upon a substantial basis what we think there is room for a livelihood in this city, a Sunday paper, published at home, for the benefit of our home people. Of course, there is probably vast room for improvement. In fact, we do not even expect to attain a standing in journalism, in the way of a Sunday morning edition, by the issuing of this small, amateur sheet, but by a combined effort on our part and the assistance of those who sanc- tion our efforts in this direction, we do think that it can, in time, be elevated to a standing among the press, such as will do just credit to our city in, the way of a Sun- day morning publicrttion. Still, we may not be correct as to this, and it may be a somewhat hazardous undertaking; but we are here to realize whatever may termi- nate from our labors — be it success or failure. We do not put a very high value upon the Clipper in its present form, but we are confident in the belief that we can furnish a sufficient amount of literary, local and miscellaneous news of this city and vicinity to more than exceed the cost price asked therefor — three cents per copy. We do not intend to devote much space to editorial matter of so deep a na- ture as would stagger a Webster mind to comprehend its meaning; on the contrary, our columns will be devoted almost ex- clusively to the literary, social and other news of interest and importance, which transpires in and about the city, and also for the advancement thereof. We shall ^a w ^ IS 1^ 458 HISTORY OP OASS COUNTY. 'k. always endeavor to fearlessly advocate such principles as our honest convictions tell us are right, and to denounce all others of an opposite nature, and also to make the Clipper a paper such as the lit- eral meaning that our motto implies — "A journal for the people, by the people, and of the people." However our motto may appear to some, we wish it to be under- stood that we shall maintain the privilege of the press and to set forth such ideas as we deem just and proper, and not to be governed or controlled by any party or clique." The paper was successful from the start, and the following March was enlarged to eight pages, and neatly printed on a tinted book paper. Noi long afterward he asso- ciated with him S. W. Teagarden, under the firm name of "Moseley and Teagarden, and in the issue of April 15th the follow- ing announcement appeared: "A change has taken place in the pro- prietorship and management of the Clip- per this week, which we do not hesitate in predicting will be for the best interest and advantage not only to ourself, but all our subscribers and patrons generally. Mr. Wilmot Teagarden, a long-time and well-known resident of Atlantic, and who has been connected with the Telegraph office of this city for several years past, has purchased a half interest and will hereafter share equally the success and merits of the Clipper, if such may term'- nate from the united efforts put forth in that direction. It is useless for us to add anything by way of introduction, or to extol the ability or qualifications of Mr. Teagarden as a newspaper man.as his long acquaintance and business transactions with the business men of Atlantic and all with whom he has come in contact will verify. Both of the proprietors being practical printers, it will enable us to pre- sent to the people of Atlantic in the near future a much better paper than at pres- ent, as several good improvements will be made as soon as the necessary arrange- ments can be completed. Thanking our many friends for the kind consideration and patronage they have tendered the Clipper in the past, we will try and doubly merit an increased patronage in the future." May 6, 1883, the paper appeared en- larged to a five-column quarto, printed from new type and the name changed to the Sunday Berald, in which form it con- tinued pej-manently. The first of Novem- ber following, Mr. Teagarden retired from the paper. It was continued by Mr. Moseley until' the first of March, 1884, when the publication was suspended. Mr. Moseley was a spicy writer, but inexperi- ence led him into expressions that did the business no particular good. THE ANITA TBIBUNB Was established in the town of Anita in December, 1883, by Sherman F.Myers. The initial number of this journal ap- peared on*the 20th, of that month, and was and is a neatly gotten up eight column folio and was in politics, independent. Mr. Myers, although a young man, is a ready writer and has a fluent style. He had had charge of- the Times, but had severed his connection with it to institute the new journal. In starting out, he says by way of salutatory; ^s -B r^ X HISTORY" OF CASS COUNTY. 459 "It is with pleasure that we present to our many old friends and readers this week, the initial number of the Anita Tribune. Although at one time having charge of the Times, it has passed from under our control, and the Tribune is now a candidate for public favor among the many journals of Cass county. "Anita already has one paper, and though it seems a risky adventure to start a second one, we are willing to try it, be- lieving that the Tribune will be worthy of a share of the public patronage, and in the course of time be a welcome visitor in every home in eastern and central Cass county. "Our esteerned friend of the Times has jumped from the political wall onto the Kepublican side, and will do what he can with his 'voice and vote' for that party. He announces that he is a strong believer in the principles of the Kepublican party, and further states that to publish an inde- pendent paper, 'is a position untenable by one in whose blood there is a drop of pa- triotism or positive principle.' Every man has a right to his opinion in all mat- ters, and if he chooses to be independent on political questions he has, probably, just as much patriotism and principle with- in him, as the disciple of any political party. The T'n'Swwe will be an outspoken, independent sheet, will work for the best interests of the town and its business men, and if it sees proper to express its opinion on any subject, it will do so with- out fear or regard to party. "It is our intention to -pxMi&ii the best lo- cal paper in the county, and although this is saying a good deal, we propose to ac- complish the task if perseverance and hard work are any good. "We ask of the business men of this city an ample portion of their newspaper patronage, as a paper without support is a wagon without wheels. Thanking you all for past favors, and asking a liberal continuation of the same, we again launch out on the journalistic sea, with the de- termination to either make or break!" Mr. Myers has continued to run this paper to the present time, although it has lately assumed a democratic tone, and is one of the leading journals of that party in this section. Sherman F. Myers, a native of Iowa, was born at Fairfield, Jefferson county, November 4, 1803. He is a son of Jacob and Eliza (Koons) Myers, the former a resident of Fairfield, Iowa, and the latter a resident of Grant township, this county. In 1874, in company with his mother, brother and two sisters, Sherman came to Cass county, settling near the town of Wiota. Here he engaged at whatever employment he could find, and for some time earned many spare dimes on the streets of Wiota as a boot-black, to aid in his sup- port. His opportunities for gaining an education were not of the best, but were always improved. He remained here un- til November, 1878, when he went to Anita and entered the ofiice of the Anita Times, as a printer's "devil," under the direction of Charles F. Chase. When that paper was removed to Atlantic, Sher- man went with it. He afterwards worked in the Audubon Advocate office, in Audu- bon county, and several other places, after the completion of his trade. Since the completion of the printer's trade, Sher- man's advancement and success in life has been rapid. About March, 1, 1883, he -*-— ^t iA 460 HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. became the editor and publisher of the Anita Times, being employed by the pro- prietors, S. C. Rood and Company, who had very recently purchased the same of E. W. Blakesley. He conducted the pa- per successfully and creditably until No- vember of that year, when Rood and Com- pany disposed of the office to S. W. Teagarden. He then established the pa- per of which he is now sole editor and proprietor — the Anita Tribune. Mr. Myers was married in Anita, December 28, 1882, to Mamie La France, of Dubuque, Iowa, a daughter of Capt. Louis and Mary La France. Capt. La France is a native of France, and Mrs. La France, of Scot- land. Mr. and Mrs. S. F. Myers have one child — Jessie L., born September 17, 1883. GEISWOLD ADVOCATE. No town can ever "expect to become known among men," unless it has a good newspaper to scatter the news broadcast, and to give the business interests a boom. In this regard Griswold has been very fortunate. Long before the business of the town would sustain it, the Advocate was established there. The first issue of this paper was printed on the 18th day of February, 1880, when there were only some three or four firms doing business in the town. It was printed under some difficulty, however, as the room in which the office was located was only sheeted over-head, and after the editors got fairly to work running off their first edition, there came up a driving, blowing snow, and for all they had a red-hot fire in the office, the snow fell to. the depth of an inch on the office floor. The founders of the Advocate were G. H. Ragsdale, editor and publisher of the Chariton Patriot, and D. H. Scott, under the firm name of Ragsdale and Scott, edi- tors and publishers, and D. H. Scott, man- aging editor. Following are the intro- ductory words used by these gentlemen: "Our first observation here- indicates that there is a discount on words and a premium on results in Griswold. This is business and a characteristic of the young town which we are glad to see, and one we hope to encourage. Bearing this in mind, we will be very brief in introducing ourselves, and in the remarks usual on an occasion of this kind. "The Advocate has come to stay. It is paid for and established on a sure basis its weekly issues will be the products of our own labor and not of hired help. It can and will live, even on indifferent sup- port. It does not depend upon public sympathy, and does not want the patron- age of those who maybe afraid that they will not get value received. There is not a man in the place who has any doubt in regard to the benefit which a good paper is to a town, and we do not believe that there is even one man here who would shirk his fair share of the expense of sus- taining a public institution of this kind. Politically we are of the opinion that there i« no ground upon which true and respec- table men can stand neutral. Neither of the parties are what we would like to have them, and never will be until the Golden Rule becomes the guide of the masses. Dishonesty is abroad in the land, and its out-croppings appear everywhere. It is more conspicuous in politics simply be- cause men have more opportunities in that field, and their conduct is more ex- posed. When common honesty is taught ;f- -« — sir 1^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 461 by precept and example around every fire- side, we will have better society, larger churches, fewer hypocrites and truer men to lead and control the politics of the country. The people must choose be- tween such parties as they have and do what they can to purify them by purify- ing themselves and those growing up un- der their teaching. We have but little patience with that class of frauds \nw think they are too honest to be identified with either party and go straddling around among all of them. Our earnest belief is that the interests of the people are safest in the hands of the Republican par- ty, and we are anchored fast to that polit- ical faith. That party, in this section, is already largely in the majority, and has most of the established papers working in its interest. Under these circumstan- ces we expect to devote our at ention al- most exclusively to the building up of Griswold and to the material interests of the townships and counties of which it is now the trade center." Ragsdale & S_coTT, Proprietors. D. H. Scott, Managing Editor. Of the very many flattering notices and cheering words extended to the Advocate from the newspapers throughout the State, the following from the Chariton Patriot is a fair sample: "D. H. Scott, for several years a stand- by in the Patriot office, has gone to Gris- wold, Cass county Iowa, where he takes a half interest in and immediate charge of the Advocate, a new paper just started in that stalwart young city. It gives us great pleasure to introduce young Scott to the Griswold and Cass county people, as one in every way worthy of their con- fidence and patronage. He is industri- ous and economical, with fixed habits and character. He has never been faltered in supporting a fatherless family, five in number, orfailed to meet every obligation promptly and with scrupulous honesty. His folks will join him early in the spring and make their permanent home in Gris- wold." The only change that has taken place in the management of the Advocate since it was first established occurred the 1st of April, 1881, when Mr. Ragsdale disposed of his interest therein to his partner, Mr. Scott. Following is Mr. Ragsdale's fare- well remarks: "The undersigned has sold his interest in the Advocate to D. H. Scott, who has been its editor and manager from the initial number to the present time. Un- der his charge the paper has prospered and been one of the most industrious agencies in the upholding of Griswold and making the new town a name for public spirit and rapid development second to no point in Iowa. "We heartily congratulate him and the young city over the future, which gives the one an industrious young man of abil- ity as an editor and publisher and the other, so generous, wide-awake and ap- preciative people, as patrons. The first days of the ^awaited with irrepressible anxiety. With that address, and the administration of the oath of ofSce, the people were assured. All doubt, if any had previously existed, was removed. In the hands of Abraham Lincoln, the people's President, and him- self of the people, the government was safe. Traitors were still busy plotting and planning. Troops were mustering in all the seceded States. On Friday, April 12, the surrender of Fort Sumter, with ijs garrison of sixty effective men, was de- manded and bravely refused by the gal- lant Major Anderson. Fire was at once opened on the helpless garrison by the V|l HISTORY OF CASS COLNTY. 479 rebel forces, numbered by thousands. Re- sistance was useless, and at last the' Na- tional colors were hauled down, and by traitor hands were trailed in the dust. On Sunday morning, the 14th, the news of the surrender was received in all the principal cities of the Union. That was all, but that was enough. A day later, when the news was confirmed and spread through the country, the patriotic people of the North were roused from their dreams of the future — from undertakings half com- pleted — and made to realize that behind that mob there was a dark, deep, and well organized purpose to destroy the govern- ment, rend the Union iu twain, and out of its ruins erect a slave oligarchy, wherein no one would dare question their rights to hold in bondage the sons and daughters of men whose skins were black. Their dreams of the future — their plans for the establishment of an independent confed- eracy — were doomed from their inception to sad and bitter disappointment. Every- where north of Mason and Dixon's line, the voice of Providence was heard: "Draw forth your million blades as one; Complete the battle now begun; God fights with ye, and overhead Floats the dear banner of your dead. They, and the glories of the past, The future, dawning dim and vast. And all the holiest hopes of man. Are beaming triumphant in your van." "Slow to resolve, be swift to do! Teuch ye the False, how fights the True! How buckled Perfidy shall feel, In her black heart the Patriot's steel; How sure the bolt that Justice wings; How weak the arm a traitor brings; How mighty they who steadfast stand, For Freedom's flag and Freedom's land," On Monday, April, 1.5tli, President Lin- coln issued the following proclamation: "Whekeas, The laws of the United States have for some time past, and are now, opposed, and the execution thereof obstructed, in the States of South Caro- lina, Alabama, Florida, Misssissippi,Loui.=. iana and Texas, by combinations too pow- erful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshals; now there- fore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitution and the laws, have thought to call forth, and here- by do call forth, the militia of the several States of the Union, to the number of 75,000, in order to suppress said combina- tions, and to cause the laws to be duly executed. "The details for this subject will be im- mediately communicated to the State au- thorities through the War department. I appeal to all loyal citizens to favor, facil- itate, and to aid this effort to maintain the honor, the jntegrity, and existence of our National Union, and the perpetuity of popular government, and to redress wrongs already long endured. I deem it proper to say that the first services assigned to the forces hereby called forth will proba- bly be to repossesses the forts, places and property which have been seized from the Union; and in every event the utmost care will be observed, consistently with the object aforesaid, to avoid any devastation, any destruction of, or interference with property, or any disturbance of peaceful citizens in any part of the country; and I hereby command the persons composing the combinations aforesaid, to disperse ^?^ ^■"Jg — >- 480 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. and retire peaceably to tlieir respective abodes, within twenty days from this date. "Deeming that the present condition of public affairs presents an extraordinary occasion, I do hereby, in virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitution, convene both Houses of Congress. The Senators and Representatives are, there- fore summoned to assemble at their re- spective chambers at 12 o'clock, noon, on Thursday, the fourth day of July next, then and there to consider and determine such measures as in their wisdom the pub- lic safety and interest may seem to de- mand. "In witness thereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. "Done at the city of Washington, the fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and of the independence of the United States the eighty-fifth. By the President, ABRAHAM LINCOLN. W. H. Sewaed, Secretary of '8tate." The last word of this proclamation had scarcely been taken from the electric wire before the call was filled. Men and money were counted out by hundreds and thou- sands. The people who loved their whole country could not give enough. Patriot- ism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated through every heart. The farm, the work- shop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, the bench, the college, the school house — every calling offered its best men, their lives and fortunes, in defense of the gov- ernment's honor and unity. Party lines were for a time ignored. Bitter words, spoken in moments of political heat, were forgotten and forgiven, and, joining hands in a common cause, they repeated the oath of America's soldier statesman : "jBy the Great Eternal, the Union must and shall be preserved I"' Seventy-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the rebellion. Nor were ten times that number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it seemed as if there were not men enough in all the free States to crush out the re- bellion. But to every call for either men or money there was a willing and ready response. The gauntlet thrown down by traitors of the south was accepted; not, however, in the spirit which insolence meets insolence, but with a firm, deter- mined spirit of patriotism and love of country. The duty of the president was plain under the constitution and laws, and, above and beyond all, the people, from whom all political power is derived, demanded the suppression of the rebel- lion, and stood ready to sustain the au- thority of their representative and execu- tive officers to the utmost extremity. Cass county was behind no county in the State in the exhibition of sublime patriotism. The news did not reach the people of the county in time to be num- bered in the first call of the president for 75,000 men, but in the second, and every succeeding call, it responded with its noblest and best men, some of whom went forth never to return. The record of the county, at home or in the field, is a noble one. By referring to the chapter containing the action of the board of supervisors, it will be seen what was done in an official way. In an unofficial way A HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 481 k. the people took hold of the work, aided enlistments, and furnished a large amount of sanitary supplies. In this connection is given a list of the citizens of Cass county, who in that try- ing hour of a nation's need, left wife, children and comfortable homes, and shouldering the musket, went to the front, in discharge of the patriot's duty. These are compiled from the adjutant-general's report, and other official and authentic sources. If there are any inaccuracies of spelling, or omissions the historians hope that they will be pardoned as the rolls have been followed as nearly as possible and none has a liigher appreciation of the "boys in blue," than the writers of these annals. FOURTH INFANTRY. Gil. B. Kirkpatrick, Q. M. S. Jolin A. Mills, Q. M. S. COMPANY A. John Binns, Eri W. Chapman, Henry C. Chapman, James W. Whitllesey. COMPANY B. Augustus L. Kidder, Second Lieutenant. Tho3. G. Forrester, Iradel A. Homey, Gilbert B. Kirkpatrick, W. J. Ferguson, John Auspaugh, Henry U. Bradshaw, Daniel Bryan, Nathaniel Curry, Lloyd B. Forrester, Fred. W. Humerick, William H. Kirk, Alexander Miirris, Frederick Seamon, Benjamin F. Walton Harvey Bradshaw, COMPANY E. G. Higden. Jasper Berry, Elijah H. Brown, William Bryan, Josiah Coombs, D. Henry Haymaker, John R. Kirk, Philip Michael, Orran D. Nelson, WilUam Seamon, Victor M. Bradshaw. COMPANY H. Coursen J. Straight, First Lieutenant. Amasa Chapman, Patiick Archer, Ji)hn Archer, Wm. J. Coon, Geo. Rose, Geo. W. Smith, #• David Wilson. FOURTH IOWA INFANTRY. In April, 1861, the whole country was thrilled to the heart by the news of the firing on the national fortress and flag of Fort Sumter, its surrender, and the sub- sequent call of the president for 75,000 men to enforce the laws. The tocsin of war was sounded throughout the whole Northland, and thousands of brave hearts sprang to arms at this call of duty. In no State in the Union, that they were so anxious to preserve, had the war spirit more thoroughly taken possession of the people, nor nowhere were the inhabitants more intensely loyal than in Iowa. Before they could get together, however, such was their distance from the seat of gov- ernment, the call for the 75,000 men had been filled and Iowa had to wait her time, only one regiment from this state being includt-d among the three-months' men. Soon call succeeded call, and men poured to the front from the "Hawkeye State," until it has been said that, "in all the im'J)ortant movements of the four years of war, Iowa troops took an active part." The drum-beat of the brave Iowa boys was heard on the banks of every large river in the South, from the Poto- mac and Mississippi to the Rio Grande, and the brilliancy of their exploits on the many fields where they served, won for them high praise, in circles both military and civil. "The Iowa troops have been @ 4^ 482 • 1^ HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. heroes among heroes," was the universal verdict. Among all the famous regiments that bore the arms of Iowa into the thickest of many a stricken field, none, perhaps, have gained such high meed of praise, or covered themselves more with immortal glory, than the gallant Fourth. Brave, hardy men, sons of the' pioneers that had penetrated this region of country, they had inherited all the fire and valor of their noble sires, and proved upon many a well-fqught battle-field the rugged hardi- hood of their earlier days. Tiiis regiment was raised in the counties of Mills, Potta- wattamie, Cass, Guthrie, Dallas, Decatur, Polk, Madison, Ringgold, Union, Wayne and Taylor, although many of the men camei from adjoining counties. It ren- dezvoused at Council Bluffs, and was mus- tered into the service of the United States at that -place in August, 1861, with the following oflicers : Grenville M. Dodge, colonel ; John C. Galligan, lieutenant- colonel; W. R. English, major; James A. Williamson, adjutant. On the 9th of August, 1861, the regiment left the State and proceeded to Jefferson Barracks, Mis- sourif where it remained until the 24th of the same month, when it took up its line of march to EoUa, where it went into camp. Here it was thoroughly (Trganized and drilled, doing its regular share of camp and garrison duty. Here lay what had been designated as the Army of the Soulhwest, that had fallen back before a less numerous foe, who was as much sur- prised as could be imagined at their ret- rograde march. Major General Price, who was in com- mand of the rebels, now took the initia- tive, but General Pope by masterly man- ouvres, caused him to again give up his forward movement, and in several minor engagements handled Price's army so roughly that it retreated rapidly through Springfield and Cassville, until it had crossed the line into Arkansas. Here, at Boston Mountain, he made a junction with General Ben McCulloch, with a division of Texas and Arkansas confederates, which raised his entire force to about equal to that which was pursuing him. This was the army that had lain so long at RoUa, now under command of Major General Samuel R. Curtis, and among which was the afterwards famous Fourth Iowa. Price now determined to fight, and retracing his steps, was joined by General Earl Van Dorn and General Al- bert Pike, whose forces, added to those of Price and McCulloch, numbered in all about 20,000 men. Our forces, in their eager chase after Price, had far out-trav- eled all their provision trains, and when the enemy halted in his march and turned, they were compelled to withdraw some outlying troops as the enemy greatly out- numbered them, and they were out of anything to eat. No tents, no blankets, no camp utensils had our brave boys, but they made the best of it and gathered huge beds of leaves, and prepared to take their rest on these. Scarcely had the Fourth Iowa boys stretched their tired limbs and closed their weary eyes when the order came for them to fall in and fall still farther back to a position where the army had determined to make a stand. Our boys had had no sleep for two days and two nights, and grumbling at their hard lot they set out on this march of twelve ;r -^ " K> HISTORY OF CASS COUNrY. 483 miles. This was on the night of the 6lh of March. Through rain and sieet, over the hills and hollo\v8 of the Ozark hills, over muddy roads, and through timber moved the regiment, many of the men sleeping in their ranks. A most dismal night to all. One of the officers declares it was the most miserable march and expe- rience he had while in the service. At dawn, upon the 7th, they reached Pea Ridge, near the Elkhorn tavern, where they went into camp, with a light snow upon the ground. The artillery had balky horses, which stopped on every hill, and it was all hilh and hollows, and it was therefore a long and tedious march, and as the men were not allowed to build any fires upon the march, the chill had made them sleepy. Scarcely had morning dawned ere they fell into line again, this time to pass through a baptism of fire such as surpassed almost human endurance. General Curtis had made most elaborate preparations ta re- ceive the enemy, which he supposed would advance on the Fayetteville road, but the enemy, by a masterly flank move- ment, placed himself upon the flank and rear of the Union forces. Curtis, thus realizing the critical nature of his posi' tion, with a far more numerous foe prac- tically between him and his resources, rendering retreat ruinous and compelling him to fight the rebels upon ground of their own choice, promptly changed front to rear, making the first and second divisions, under Siegel and Asboth, his left, the third; under Jefferson C. D.ivis, his center, and the fourth, under Colonel Carr, his right. In the latter division was placed the Fourth Iowa. At 10:30 o'clock Osterhaus was ordered by Curtis to advance and open the engagement ; while at nearly the same moment McCul- loch fell with overwhelming force upon Carr's division, at or near the Elkhorn tavern. A broad, deep ravine, known as Cross Timber Hollow, rendered almost impassable by a windfall of heavy timber, crossed the battlefield, .severing the lines of either army, but especially those of the rebels. Osterhaus advanced with great gal- lantry nearly to the Bentonville road, on which he found the enemy moving in great force toward the Elkhorn tavern, where Carr was making such a heroic stand against McCulloch. Overwhelmed by numbers, Osterhaus was driven back with the loss of his battery. But Curtis sent to his assistance Colonel Davis, who had been detailed to support Carr. The latter officer, with his men, had been fear- fully over-matched throughout the day, that, although always presenting a bold front to the enemy, he was compelled to give ground, sending repeated and urgent representations to General Curtis that he must be re-inforoed. Some little help was extended to him from time to time, but it was 2 o'clock p. m., when General Asboth moved to the right by the Fay- etteville road to Carr's assistance. Gen- eral Curtis, with this division, reached the Elkhorn at 5 p. m. He found Carr still fiercely fighting, notwithstanding his having several severe wounds. JMany of" his field officers had fallen, with about one-fourth of his entire command. The latter had been seven hours under fire during which they had been forced back but half a mile. As Curtis came up he r 1. 4S4 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. saw the Fourth Iowa falling back at a left oblique in perfect order, dressing their colors as if on parade, and ordered it to face about. Colonel Dodge explained that it was entirely out of ammunition, and was only retiring to refill its cartridge- boxes. Curtis ordered a bayonet charge, and the regiment at once moved steadily back to its former position. In this, its first battle, although it had participated in some slight skirmishes, the Fourth Iowa lost about one-third of its effective men. Just previous to the battle, on the 4th of March, Major English had resigned, and as Colonel Dodge had h&^n made a brigadier general for gallant conduct in the field, and Lieutenant Colonel Galligan being out of place and resigning, James A. Williamson was appointed colonel, May 1, 1862. At the same time George Burton was made lieutenant colonel, — Cramer, major, and John E. Sell adjutant. In the meantime, after the battle of Pea Ridge, where the Fourth Iowa behaved so heroically as to call forth the admiration even of the rebel General Van Dorn, who said, "I have never seen men stand and fight so before," and Major General Curtis incorporated in his general order the words, '-The Fourth Iowa regiment won immortal honors." The army was without food, and after resting Curtis moved it in a southeast direction through Arkansas to Batesville, on the VVhite river, where the regiment halted for about a week- Cur- tis then set forth, crossing the Big Black river by a pontoon bridge, and marched to Jacksonport. From here, following the sinuosities of the Cache, he proceeded to Clarendon, on the White: and here, being entirely short of provisions, bis train having been captured by tiie rebels, and in a thoroughly inhospitable region, he had no choice but to make his way to the most accessible point on the Missis- sippi. This was Helena, sixty-five miles away. Three days of liard marching through dust and heat,the Fourth reached this haven on the 13th of July and went into camp. At Helena the Fourth Iowa remained until the 22d of December, 18C2, when, having become a part of the Second Brigade, First Division, of the Fifteenth Army Corps, it embarked on board of transports with the right wing of the •'Army of the Tennessee," under General W. T. Sherman. They passed down the river to the Yazoo, and some twelve miles up that stream, where they were disembarked, and where, on the 28th and 29th of December, it look part in that impotent and fruitless attack on the su- pnrb fortifications at Chickasaw bayou. The sluggish waters of the latter covered the entire rebel front, behind which rose the lofty bluffs, of the Yazoo. Here the labor of thousands of slaves had been de- voted to the complete fortifications of the line for months, until it was perfectly im- pregnable to simple assault, yet General Sherman dared the awful hazard of the battle, and hurled column after column of infantry npon them in simple, useless slaughter. On the 28th, the Fourth, to- gether with the rest of Thayer's Brigade of Steele's Division, were re-embarked and landed to the right or'the junction of of the bayou with the Yazoo, and the ad- vance ordered. The Fourth, leading the brigade,plunged into the bayou, where both -^. Al a i^ j^=±iiL HISTORY OF CASS COUNT?. 485 banks were covered by tangled abatis, and where the bayou presents a quicksand bed three hundred feet wide, containing water fifteen feet wide and three feet deep. The rebel rifle-pits beyond were filled witli sharpshooters, whose every bullet drew blood; his gunners had the range of the ford, such as it was, and poured grape and canister into their dauntless but rapidly decimated ranks. Toiling like heroes, they essayed to stem the storm until an order was received to fall back. It was raining all the time, and slung by the consciousness that they had fruitlessly thrown away many valuable lives, they retired sullenly from the contest. The Fourth had crossed the bayou, and had by a tremendous exertion taken the first line of works, and had waited for the balance of the brigade, or some other re- enforcements, some fifteen minutes under the enemy's close and deadly fire. By some mistake the other troops did noi come, hence the order of recall as above mentioned. Their hardy valor, and de- termined courage drew forth the encomi- ums of all, and the regiment was instruct- ed by general order to inscribe upon its regimental colors, the proud legend "Firsi at Chickasaw Bayou." During the rainy night which followed the battle, our men stood or lay without fire in the swamp bordering the execrated bayou, but next morning they were embarked, and re- turned to Milliken's Bend. On the lOlh and nth of January, 1863, they took part in the reduction of Arkansas Post, or Fort Hindman, as it is sometimes called, where they, as usual, displayed their high cour- age and valor. After the fall of this place they marched to Young's Point, in front of Vicksbug, wliich camp they reached on the 22d of January. Here they lay, taking part in the digging of the canal at that place, wliich General Grant had caused to be made, and which proved such a lamenta- ble failure. They moved from here to Gregg's plantation, where they remained until the 2d of April, when they embarked and went up the Mississippi river to Greenville, from which place they moved on the celebrated Deer Creek raid. It then returned to Milliken's Bend, by the river and commenced the active campaign against Vicksburg, on the 2d of May, by marching to Grand Gulf, and from thence to Jackson, Mississippi. The Fourth were not in time for the attack on this place, its defenders having evacuated the place on the assault made by McPherson'scoips, but it was the first regiment to enter the city. The Fifteenth Corps now returned to the lines in front of Vicksburg, and took part in the famous assaults on that place on the 9Lh of May. Here the Fourth gained the outer slope of the enemy's works and held their ground until Sher- man, seeing that they were being decim- ated to no purpose, withdrew them a short distance where the irregularities of the ground afforded them comp arati ve shelter and safety. ' On the 22d of May a~more determined effort was made to carry the place by assault, but after a severe contest in which the noble Fourth behaved with its customary gallantry, the troops were all retired, and the slow operations of the siege took their course. No history of this siege is necessary, so well is it known. On the Fourth of July, 1803, of glorious Vj* »- 81 •F J' ^in^ 4S6 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. meraory, General Penibeitor, the rebel comtnaiider,surrende)eil to General Grant, who immediately took possession of the city. Hardly had the suirender been ac- complished, before Grant ordered a for- ward movement of troops toward the Big Black river and Jackson, where Joe John- ston was organizing a large rebel force. Not even allowing the soldiers of Sherman's and McPherson's corps.to enter the strong- hold they had so gallantly won, he pushed them forward. Uy two o'clock p. m.,July 4lh, the colnmn was in nioiion, the Fourth among them. The next evening they had united with the army, which had beeii stationed on the Big Black river, and General Sherman crossed that stream on the Olh, with an army little less than 50,000 strong. The Fourth, which was still a part of Steele's division, crossed in the center, at Messenger's ford with some little resistance from the enemy. They thus advanced over a region already wast- ed by war, parched to sterility by fierce drouth, which maddened men and ani- mals with heat and thirst, without food or water. The men were reduced to live on green corn and salt, and a few crack-" ers,and as tlie retreating rebels had thrown dead horses into all the wells and springs, they were reduced to the expedient of boiling the water and skimming off the corruption ere they drank it. Laboring under these disadvantages, notwithstand- ing, they pressed Johnson back into Jack- son forcing hira to take refuge within its intrenchments, wherein he was soon in- vested. The crafty rebel general, seeing that to remain was simply to court destruction — having sent away whatever he could, his railroad communication to the eastward being still open— evacuated daring the night of July 16-17, hurried across Pearl river and thence to Brandon. The Fourth, with other troops in the pursuit, had an indecisive engagement at the latter place without result. After some two days spent in tearing up railroads,the Fourth re- turned to Black river, fourteen miles from Vicksburg, where it went into camp on the 2f9th of July. The regiment lay in camp at this |)lace until the 22d of Sep- tember, when it embarked upon steamers and moved to Memphis, where it landed. From here it set out with the army for the relief of Chattanooga, which was closely invested by the rebels. General Grant telegraphed to General Thomas, who was in command at that important point, to hold that point at all hazards, and proceeded to go to his assistance. When they reached Bridgeport he found General Hooker, who had been trans- ferred from the Army of the Potomac, at that town preparing to argue with Gen- eral Bragg our right to supply our forces at Chattanooga by means of the river instead of sending everything over the mountains, on either side of the Sequat- chie valley, a most laborious and diffi- cult undertaking. Here Grant, after or- dering Hooker to cross the Tennessee at Bridgeport with all his force, to advance to Wauhatchie, in Lookout valley, and menace Bragg by a flank attack, the division of which the Fourth Iowa formed a part, in company with one other division, was ordered to remain south of the river, to hold in check the rebel General For- rest, who, with some five thousand cavalry and a battery of flying artillery, was an- =^|V 4 lA IIISTOilY OF CASS COUNTY. 487 noying the flank and rear of our forces. This was most miserable work to the boys. No sooner were they quiet at niglit than Forrest beat them up, driving in tlie pickets and getting up a skirmish at any and all hours, and yet, ovving to the celer- ity of his movements, easily distancing any pursuit wiien attacked in force. No rest had our men night or day, nor time to get their meals, and participants in it tell that they never had a chance to undress, as there was no telling when they might be called upon to repel the enemy. Here the Fourth participated in some six different minor engagements, pursuing the rebels the last time as far as Tuscumbia, thirty miles distant. The rebels would fall back until they reached a crest of a hill, bank of a creek, or some other defensible point, when they would rally and a smart skirmish would ensue until they were driven out, when tliey would enact the same over again. After they had driven Forrest off tliey returned, and with the balance of the 1st division took part with Hooker in the memorable battle of Lookout mountain, where they distinguished themselves, under the com- mand of Major S. D. Nichols, Colonel Burton having lost his head; and although the credit they should have received was swallowed up by the 20th corps of Gen- eral Hooker, still they enjoy the proud consciousness of having participated in that famous "battle among the clouds." The next day the regiment took part in the attack on Mission Ridge, driving the enemy before them on the run, under the command of the gallant Major Nichols; and at a charging pace, their officer in front, swept on, pushing back all oppo sition, the Fourth alone taking three hun- dred prisoners, many of them tlirowing down their arras to a single officer and asking quarter. On the 2Tth of the same month, just two days after, they also liad a hand in the defeat of the rebel general Cleburne at Ringgold, Georgia. After this engage- ment the regiment returned to Chatta- nooga, and from thence to Bridgeport, Alabama, and from there to Woodville, wliere it remained in camp until the 26lh of February, 186-t, when, it having veter- anized, it started home to enjoy the short leave accorded to all veterans who re- ehlisted. On its arrival in Des Monies, the General Assembly being in se8sior,an impromtu reception was given the battle- scarred heroes of the Fourth, who had car- ried the flag of Iowa through so many a stricken field and fiery baptism of blood and fire. Their days of enjoyment being over in April, the regiment once more left Iowa to return to the field. They halted a few days to rest and get refitted at Nashville, and then moved forward to join the army under General Sherman, then just starting on the Atlanta cam- paign. By one of those singular coin- cidences that often occur in army life, just as the regiment came to the land the place of the Fourth in the line was before them, and hastily disembarking they * stepped into it and were once more a part of the "grand army." General W. T. Sherman, with this force, now numbering a little less than one hundred thousand men of all arms, with two hundred and fifty-four guns, was about to start on an ever-memorable campaign, to penetrate the heart of the ^^ TT ■k. 488 HISTORY OF OASS COUNTY. confederacy, ,draw off the attention of a large portion of tlie forces of the Soulli, so that they could not re-inforce the hard- pressed army of Virginia. The country to be traversed was almost chaotic in its upheaval. Rugged mountains, deep, nar- row ravines, thick, primitive woods, crossed by narrow, ill-made roads, suc- ceed each other for forty miles; then intervenes a like distance of compara- tively open country, only to be suceeded by another rugged, difficult region of mountains and passes which reaches nearly to the Chattahoochee river, across which, eight miles distant, lay the important city of Atlanta. The gallant band of herpes called the Fourth Iowa, now under command of Lieutenant Colonel S. D. Nichols, of Guthrie county, participated in all of the movements and engagements that led up to the siege of Atlanta, and honorably acquitted themselves at Snake Creek Gap, Kesaca and Dallas. In the latter engagement the Fourth occupied the extreme right flank of the army, and by the rapidity and elan of the Confeder- ate charge were forced to retire a short distance, curving the line back like a fish- hook, and suffered extremely from a fire in both front and rear. W. Delluxley, a sergeant of company 0, was killed by a shot from the rear, over the line of battle in that direction, .and several men were wounded. In the immortal charges on Kenesaw Mountain the Fourth also participated, and it was here that Colonel Nichols, see- ing his men fall around him, deployed his men into open order, but to press on to the charge. This they did, he in the lead; they met with a withering fire, but being in some degree sheltered by the trees, escaped much injury. General Sherman now invested Atlanta, and settled down to take the place, which was strongly fortified. On the 22d of .June, General Hood fell, by a long flank movement, upon our left and rear, at or near Decatur. Our boys were in the thickest of this engagement, having been ordered forward to occupy a small aban- doned earthwork in front of the rebel line. In charging from this place on a battery, which they captured, Lieutenant Charles W. Hill, of company C, was struck in the breast by a shot, and fell to the ground, his comrades charging over him, thinking him killed. But he soon rallied, and made the discovery that a dime novel and another small book had stopped the ball and saved his life. Colonel Nichols was wounded, but not severely. On the night of the 26th of June the regiment moved, with the balance of the Fifteenth Corps, to the right, near Ezra church, and behind rude rail parapets received the charges of Hood's army and repulsed him. Again at the fight at Jonesborough, the Fourth was in line, and to quote the words of Greeley in his history of the war: "These soldiers stood as still as though bullet proof." In all the after campaigns and marches of that famous captain, W. T. Sherman, including his march to the sea, the Fourth bore its part manfully, and in May, 1865, participated in the grand review of the army at Washington. From thence to Louisville, where it was mustered out, and then to Davenport, Iowa, where all were discharged in August, 1865, was the grand windup of its career. It has been said of •^c ^iV ^t 'Uv HISTORY OF CASS COUNTS. 489 the Fourth Iowa Infantry that it was essentially a marching and fighting regi- ment, having marched some five thousand miles and been present in thirty-six en- gagements, and covered themselves with glory and helped to place the military name of Iowa at the head of the States. Honor to the bravest of the brave Iowa regiment is due by all true patriots, and their meed of praise is beyond all danger of overthrow. . TWELFTH INFANTRY. Pembroke H. Branen, company unknown. THIRTEENTH INFANTRY. James Turner, unassigned. FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. COMPAKT B. John A. C. Whitney. TWENTY THIRD INFANTRY. COMPANY I. James R. Coe. First Lieut'.nant, Second Lieutenant, Newiou M. Whiled. John C. Brown. John J. Van Houton, First Sergeant. Edward P. JVli Is, Sicond Sergeant. Joseph G. Warnock, Third Sergeant. Harvey Ingsbe, Fourth Sergeant. Nehemlah C. Moffitt, Fifth Sergeant. Hudson Reynolds, First Corporal. James Saint, Second Corporal. Amasa Chapman, Third Corporal. Morriman Carlton, Third Corporal. John O. McMilleu, Fourtli Corporal. Samuel B. Stewart, Filth Corporal. William S.Everett, Sixth Corporal. Samuel Wilson, Seventh Corpoial. Hen y Bisliop, Sevenih Corporal. Milton H. Stanton, Eighth Corporal. Edward C Mills, SIu' k. 49.2 ^ » HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. fired upon from the timber._I saw at once that the enemy had been strongly reinforced, and were determined to make another stand. Their posidon was well chosen, on a high hill covered with tim- ber, and commanding the entire ground over which we were compelled to ap- proach. My command was soon in line, with Captain Grifiiths' battery in position, which soon ^opened with its usual spirit upon the enemy. Simultaneous with tliis the rebel batteries opened Jupon us with accurate range, and for about half an hour we sustained alone the concentrated fire of their infantry and artillery. Finally, other brigades and batteries be- came engaged, and the battle raged with terrific fury along our lines; my com- mand, however, remained in front dur- ing the entire engagement, and all the time under the enemy's fire. They retired only after the battle had ceased, and the enemy had again retired from the field. During these five hours' hard fighting, I am proud to say that the officers and men of the brigade acted with the utmost coolness, and with a determined courage that would Lave done honor to the bravest of troops. They promptly obeyed every command, and displayed a degree of heroism which nothing but the influ- ence of exalted patriotism could Lave produced. To Colonel Merrill, of the Twenty-first Iowa; Lientenant-Colonel Glasgow, of the Twenty-third Iowa; Lieutenant-Colonel Wood, of the Eleventh Wisconsin; and Major Anderson, of the Twenty-second Iowa, I am under great obligations for the coolness and promptitude with which they obeyed my orders in the various move- ments of the field. Their associate oflicers, too, are entitled to great credit, all of them, as far as I have been able to learn, performed their duties nobly. To the dauntless and heroic men of the ranks, and the line officers, all honor is due. Never did brave men endure more, with less murmuring than they, during these thirty consecutive hours of hard marching and severe fighting, and when the history of the war is fully written, they will be remembered among the bravest defenders of the Republic. I desire to make par- ticular mention of Captain L. II. Whittle- sey, of the Eleventh Wisconsin, acting Assistant Adjutant General, for his great energy and activity throughout the battle. He was always at the right place at the right time, and almost constantly in the hottest portion of the field. No braver man or truer soldier ever entered the field of battle, and I shall be much pleased to see him occupy a position where his tal- ents and bravery could be more success- fully employed. Lieutenant Jackson, of the Eleventh Wisconsin, and Lieutenant Waterbury, of the Twenty-third Iowa, acting Aids, rendered me essential service, and they both displayed the greatest cool- ness and bravery in carrying orders under the hottest of the fire. I must also avail myself of this oppor- tunity to express my admiration of the gentlemanly deportment, the coolness and conspicuous bravery of the Brigadier- General commanding the division, during all the severe fighting. His presence on the field during the heaviest of the battle, and the clearness and self-possession with which his orders were given, oou- f Jl «- — &=. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 493 B 2" -—>■■ tributed much to infuse confidence among all who were under his command. With me there is a higher significance attached to the victory of yesterday than the mere defeat and rout of the enemy. We fought the veteran troops of the Confederacy, who gloried in the laurels won upon the earlier fields of the war. They were gathered from several States, and were led by a general who fought us at the memorable battle of Shiloh over a year ago. We have met them again, upon more equal terms and ip a contest as fierce as Shiloh, considering the num- ber engaged. Hand to band we fought them, and demonstrated the fact, beyond all dispute, that the fiery valor of the South is no match for the cool and stub- born courage of the Western soldier." General E. A. Carr, commanding the division, issued the following general order to the troops under his command, congratulating and praising lliem for their heroic conduct in this conflict: "I desire to congratulate the officers and soldiers of this division on the bril- liant and successful manner in which they have performed their duty in the differ- ent conflicts of the late battle near Port Gibson. * * * » * * Coming from Missouri, where you had endured great hardships during the last winter, you were honored by being placed at the head of the grand army of the Mis- sissippi, and you have proved yourselves well worthy of that honor. You have encountered and defeated the same men against whom we have so long contended in Missouri and Arkansas, and you have added another wreath to those you won at Black Water, Blackwell's Sta- tion, Frederickton, Pea Ridge, Round Hill, Hartville, Haines' Bluff, and Post of Arkansas, and I am sure you will go on with your glorious achievements until the demon of rebellion shall be destroyed and our land shall once more rejoice in the blessings of peace and prosperity. While we mourn our fellow-comrades, we cannot forget that they have offered up their lives for the noblest of purposes — that of preserving to their country a government at once free and stable, which shall give, in conjunction with the largest liberty to the citizen, the greatest security for his life and property. To their friends and to our wounded comrades we tender our- sympathies, and hope that time and the thoughts of what they suffer for will soothe their pain and sorrow. The loss of the First Brigade was — killed, twenty-six; wounded, one hundred and forty-three. That of the Second Bri- gade was— killed, fifteen; wounded, sev- enty-nine. Total in the division, two hundred and sixty-three. This comprises only those placed hors ducombat. Scratches are not reported. When all have done their duty, it is in- vidious to make distinctions, but the con- duct of some individuals seems to merit special mention, even at the risk of leav- ing out deserving men whose names have not been reported to me. These shall re- ceive their due credit as soon as I am in- formed of their merits. Brigadier-General W. P. Benton distin- guished himself in daring gallantry and good management during the whole battle. ^. 494 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. k. Indiana continues to be glorified in her sons. Colonel C. S. Harris, Eleventh Wiscon- sin, though he had been obliged to give up the conimand of his brigade on account of illness, was on the field and shared the dangers. Colonel "William M. Stone, Twenty-sec- ond Iowa,who succeeded to the command of the Second Brigade,took his place with the extreme advance guard, at night,duringtlie advance upon the enemy, exposed himself freely, and exerted liiraself so much that he became completely exhausted in the afternoon, and was compelled to relinquish his command to Colonel Samuel Merrill, Twenty-first Iowa, for above an liour. By his bravery and admirable manage- ment of his brigade, he reflects his new honor on his noble State. In this engagement, the Twenty-third lost the following men: Killed— Calvin Johnson, A; J G. "Webb, C; C. C. Batterille, D; Mortimer W. Goss, E; W. H. Gumming, F; Henry Burns, K. Total, six. Wounded. — Lieutenant D. P. Ballard, G. W. Smiley, J. E. Banning,H. J. Hiest- and. A; W. Bissel, Henry Carr, G. W. McLaughlin, William Musgrove, B; Wil- liam Woodward, James O'Blennis, C; W. Ilogue, Jacob A. Tabler, D; Captain Wil- liam K. Henry, Marshall Craig, E; George T. Cavender, A. A. Brown, William Franks, D. H. Skidraore, E. A. Jones, F; N. W. lliatt, H; Frai'k R. Howard, Peter Cocklin, Jacob Neth, I; Alvey Smith, James IToile, Harrison Hubbard, David Inman, K. Total, twenty-seven. In the same month, the Twenty-third Iowa achieved immortal honors at the battle of Black River Bridge, of which they were the acknowledged heroes. At that place but a few minutes were occu- pied in the assault and carrying of the works raised by the rebels, but these were of so serious a nature, and the resistance so stubborn, that although the Twenty- third carrie4 them by storm, it was only at fearful loss. They were supported and assisted by the Twenty-first Iowa, and after the fight, General Lawler passed down the lines and shook each man by the hand. According to Horace Greeley, General Grant called it one of the most brilliant and daring achievements of that momentous campaign. In all the other engagements that re- sulted in the fall of "Vicksburg this cele- brated regiment took a prominent part. On the 7th of June, 1863, about a month prior 'to the fall of that city, about a hun- dred and twenty of the men of the Twenty-third, were surprised by a body of the rebels and although the engagement lasted but a few moment8,over sixty of the little band of lieroes were either killed or wounded. Captain J. C. Brown, of company I, was among the latter, and was sincerely mourned by his comrades. In many a stricken field the Twenty- third bore off honors. The principal battles participated in by them, were Jackson, Fort Esperenza and Spanish Fort, and was finally mustered out at Ilarrisburg, Texas,' on the 26th of July, 1865. It lost while in the service, forty- one killed, two hundred and thirty-three died, and three captured. Captain Coe, of company I, resigned soon after the regiment got into Missouri, on account of ill-health, and was succeed- %^ M'_ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 495 ed by J. C. Brown. The latter was kill- ed at Milliken's Bend, in 1863, and was succeeded by Capt. J. J. Van Ilouten. The ladies of Lewis presented company I, of the 23d with a beautiful flag, which became the regimental flag, and was the winding sheet of the regiment's Colonel (Dewey) when he died. Captain J. J. Van Houten, who com- manded company I, of the Twenty-third Iowa regiment of Infantry, died in At- lantic, during the latter part of October, 1884. The Telegraph ppoke of him thus: "Captain J. J. Van Houten died at the store of J. C. Yelzer, in Atlantic, last night, between 1 1 and 1 2 o'clock. He had been in the employ of Mr. Yetzer for several years and boarded at his house and slept at the store. He had been un^ well for several days and last evening was found in the yard back of the store by Charles Chapman, lying down and unable to get up. Mr. Chapman summoned help and carried him into the slore. Dr. Reber was immediately summoned and attended him, but he was past medica^ help and he gradually grew weaker, suf- fering greatly until death relieved him of all pain. Mr. Van Houten came to Lewii^ in January, 1861, and has lived in this county ever since. He was a printer by trade, and set the first type ever printed from in this county. He learned Lis trade in Des Moines, and was foreman of tiie Cass County Gazette, published at Lewis, from the time it was establit.hed in Jan- uary, 1861, until August 1, 1862, when he enlisted in company I, Twenty-third Iowa Infantry, and was made orderly sargeant. He served three years in defense of his country, and that be was a brave and faithful soldier all his comrades will tes- tify. He was promoted and when mus- tered out August 16, 1865, was captain of the company. During the many years he had been in the employ of J. C. Yetzer here a friendship had grown up between the two men which rivaled that existing between Damon and Pythias. Van was well known to the citizens of this county, and no man had more friends. He bad long been a member of the order of Odd Fellows and also of the Grand Army of the Republic, and the members of those orders as well as the printers of this city will escort the remains to the train this evening. The funeral will occur at Des Moines to-morrow at 2 o'clock, and his ashes will be laid to rest beside those of his parents. Of the family there are now living, one brother and seven sisters, all of whom reside in Des Moines, except two sisters, who live in Florida." THIRTY-NINTH INFANTRY, COMPANY B. < Harvey R. Hitclicock. TniKTT-NlNTH IOWA ISFANTET. The several companies composing the Thirty-ninth Regiment of Iowa Infantry Volunteers were from the following coun- ties: Two from Madison, two from Dal- las and Guthrie, two from Polk, one from Greene, one from Clarke, one from Deca- tur and one from Des Moines. These companies were assigned to the regiment, and its colonel commissioned September 12, 1862; and he was directed to order the companies to rend-zvous at Des .Moines, and assumed command at once. The first company reported at Des Moines on the 20lh day of September.and - ■ \s/ ^ fe* 496 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. within a week all were in camp, except the company from Des Moines county, which did not join the other companies until the removal of the regiment from Des Moines to Davenport. The whole energies of the officers while remaining at camp, Burnside (near Des Moines), were devoted to instructing the men in drill and other duties of soldiers. On the 26lh day of October, pursuant to an order from the governor and commander-in-chief, the regiment moved to Camp Herron, Daven- port. Here the men were speedily uni- formed, and, on the 4th of November, armed with Enfield rifled muskets, it re- quiring seven hundred and seventy-three muskets for that purpose. The regiment was mustered into the United States service by Captain H. B. Hendershott, Second Artillery, Novem- ber 24, ]86-i. The delay in mustering was caused by two or three companies not hav- ing the minimum number of men, and when mustered, it was upon a special or- der of the war department, to accept the regiment as it was. Captain Hendershott mustered in an aggregate of eight hun- dred and two officers and men. A mini- mum regiment consists of eight hundred and forty-two rank and file. While at Davenport (counting a few cases at Des Moines) the regiment had nearly three hundred cases of measles, and the usual proportion of other camp diseases. Many of the men were only convalescent when the regiment was or- dered from Davenport to the front, and forty-one men were unable to move with the command, and were left behind in hospital. On the 13th of December the command left Davenport by rail, with orders to re- port to Brigadier General Tuttle, com- manding at Cairo, arriving there on the 1 4th inst. The regiment lay at that point two days, during which time it received a disagreeable taste of a Cairo rain and sleet. The men were then transferred to a steamboat, but were so crowded that very many experienced for the first time the exposure they soon learned to endure. From the effects of that exposure many were dropped from the rolls during the next six months, under the head of "died" or "discharged." On the 16th the regiment was ordered down the river, with orders to report to General Davies, at Columbns, Kentucky, who, on their arrival at that place, order- ed them to take cars for Corinth, Missis- sippi, to report to General G. M. Dodge. This day the rebel General Forrest first approached the railroad near Jackson, Tennessee, and upon the arrival oflhe reg- iment at that place about dark, the com- mand was ordered to debark by Brigadier General Sullivan, commanding the dis- trict of Trenton, Forrest cut the road that evening a few miles north of Trenton, about half an hour after the train convey- ing the Thirty-ninth passed over, cutting oflE the train following it. The regiment was kept lying behind earth-works at Jackson for four days, a momentary at- tack being expected by the commanding general. Here the men suffered much from short rations, and were unable to cook what they had. It finally became apparent that the move on Jackson was but a feint to hold troops there while Forrest cut the road n.orth of the town. [ ^i* r h HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 497 On the 22d instant, the regiment, witli two others, was sent up the road to drive off the enemy and repair the road. It arrived at Trenton on the 26th, having been much exposed to rain, and deprived almost entirely of sleep on the road and at Humboldt. Forrest wa,s known to be at Huntingdon, some thirty miles east. Otiier troops were ordered to Trenton, and two brigades were organized, the Thirty-ninth Iowa, One Hundred and Twenty-second Illinois, and Fiftieth Indi- ana comprising the brigade. The regiment was ordered to march at dark on the 27th, every man to carry five days' i-ations and one hundred rounds of ammunition. Not a team or ambulance with the regiment. This was the first march of the regiment. Just from Iowa, many but a couple of weeks out of hospi- tal, all worn out by short rations and loss of sleep, and over-burdened by carrying rations and ammunitions — those who have been in the service will appreciate the condition of the men. The boys marched all night, going in camp when nearly day- light. At eight o'clock were ordered to again resume the march, and marched all day. The next morning many of the men were completely worn out, others were too foot-sore to proceed, and they were compelled to leave over one hundred men. During the day they attempted to make their way back to Trenton, but at Shady Grove were surrounded by a regiment of Forrest's cavalry and one hundred and one were made prisoners. {They did not rejoin the regiment until in October, 18tJ3). That night arrived at Huntingdon. The next day commenced moving south towards Lexington. Both brigades were at Huntingdon. The Second Brigade moved out alone. December 31, 1862, at Red Mound or Parker's Cross Roads, ten miles south of Lexington, the Second Brigade, consisting of the three regiments named, a section of artillery, and a com- pany of cavalry, came in contact with For- rest's whole command, numbering be- tween six and seven thousand men, and eleven pieces of artillery. The Second Brigade had 1,545 men and two pieces. Our forces fought from nine in the morn- ing until three in the afternoon under great disadvantages of numbers, artillery and position. At three o'clock ihe First Brigade made its appearance, and Forrest fled precipitately, leaving in our hands some three hundred prisoners, four hun- dred horses, seven cannons and a large number of small arms. The loss of the Thirty-ninth was three killed, thirty-three wounded and eleven prisoners. January 1, 1863, the regiment again took up the line of march for Jackson, ar- riving there the evening of the 2d. On the 6th it took cars with orders to report To Brigadier General Dodge at Corinth, according to the orders we received at Columbus. At 7 p. m., we arrived and were by General Dodge assigned to the Third Brigade (Colonel M. M. Banes), Second Division (Brigadier General Dodge's), Sixteenth Army Corps (Major General Hulburt). The Thirty-ninth re- mained at Corinth until the 2d of Novem- ber, 1863, doing usual garrison duty. The regiment made several marches guarding trains that took up two or three days at a time, and once moved to Lagrange, Ten- nessee, to ward off a threatened attack on HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. the railroad. Tlie raid into Alabama to cover Colonel Straight's movements was made during this time. At Corinth it laid out a regular camp and erected excel- lent log barracks for officers and men, some eighty in number, admitted by all to be the best quarters in the division. On the ir»th day of April, 1863, General Dodge's division moved out as before stated, to cover the raid of Colonel Streight into Georgia. The regiment marched by easy marches to Bear Creek, where our advance encountered the enemy, who dis- puted our passage. A pontoon was, how- ever, soon thrown over the creek and our forces moved on to Tuscumbia, skirmish- ing almost every mile, until they arrived at Town Creek, Alabama. The enemy who were under General Roddy were re-inforced by General For- rest, and the united forces seriously en- deavored to prevent the crossing. The whole forenoon was occupied in artillery duels. The Union forces had four fine batteries, and the whole, together witli the movements of the troops being within observation, gave us a lively and pleasant day. After noon there were built three bridges over the creek under their fire, when our whole force advanced and the enemy prudently retired. Colonel Streight had started in a south-westerly direction around them the night before, and our object having been accomplished, our men marched back unmolested. General For- rest having turned in pursuit of Colonel Streight. The regiment arrived at Corinth on the 2d of May. ' May 6th, company H, which was on duty guarding a corral a few miles from Corinth, was surrounded by eight hundred rebel cavalry, and the captain and most of his company made prisoners. November 2, 1863, the regiment, together with the en- tire command of Brigadier General Dodge, left Corinth en route for Pulaski, Giles county, Tennessee, a distance of one hun- dred and twenty-five miles. The march occupied ten days, including, four days' delay at luka. Nothing worthy of men- tion occurred on the trip. The weather was fine, the daily marches short, and the regiment seemed delighted, as on some holiday excursion. It reached Pulaski, on the Nashville and Decatur railroad, on the llth. On the 12th a porti6n of the force was sent south on the railroad, and a portion went north. General Dodge's headqiiarters being fixed at Pulaski. Our brigade went north, and the regiment was stationed on the railroad at Reynolds' Station, Giles county, seven miles north of Pulaski. Five companies were station- ed at regimental headquarters at Rey- nolds' Station above mentioned. Three companies were posted at two grist mills, grinding fiour and meal for the command, and two companies were stationed at rail- road bridges, guarding them. All the companies erected comfortable log bar- racks, and the detached companies good stockades. January 21, 1864, regimental headquarters was moved to Culleoka, twenty miles farther north, with six com- panies. The companies detached at the mills were relieved, and two of them sta- tioned at I'^ilroads bridges, thus giving the regiment twenty-five miles of railroad and country to hold and maintain quiet. On the 26th of January, 1864, the enemy made an attack on Athens, Alabama, and fearing another raid on the road, the reg- '^^ t y^ "Vl® — *- HISTOKY OF CASS COUNTY. .4 S> 499 fe^ iment was ordered to immediately throw up strong earthworks or stockades. Work was immediately commenced, and the citizens, white and black, in the town and vicinity were ordered to assist. About one hundred and fifty helping, a very strong stockade was soon erected. On March 12, the regiment with the brigade, took up the line of march for Athens, Alabama, where it arrived on the 15th, where it went into camp, after a very pleasant march. General Sherman now began his prepa- rations for the Atlanta campaign, and the march to the sea, and the Thirty-ninth, as a component part of the heroic Sixteenth Corps, took part in .all its engagements. What need is there here to write the his- tory of that campaign, so well known to all; simply to say that wherever found, the Thirty-ninth always added laurels to their regiment and credit to the State, and were mustered out at the close of the war, at Washington, June 5, 1865. FORTT-SIXTH INFANTRY. C0MP.4JJT B. Jaraes C. Gleason. FIRST CA.VALRY.- COMPAKT B. Japheth Ball. SECOND CAVALRY. COMPANT B. David 6. Wooster. Henry K. Macomber. COMPANY D. Alexander Umpherson. FOURTH CAVALRY. COMPANY F. Harrison M. Catlin. COMPANY I. Francis M. Ammou. FIFTH CAVALRY. COMPANY D. Henry Tice. Henry Adams. NINTH CAVALRY. COMPANY M. Walter B. Temple. FIRST BATTERY, LIGHT ARTILLERY. Solomon Longshore. FIRST NEBRASKA CAVALRY. COMPANY P. Lewis H. Frost, Second Corporal. James M. Garret, Third Coiporal. KOLL OE' HOXOE. The following embraces a list of the brave patriots from Cass county, who laid down their lives in defense of the Union. Words were feeble in the expression of the gratitude to these gallant, but unfor- tunate comrades; weak in the expression of honor with which their names are held in remembrance by those whom they died to benefit. May their names be handed down from generation to generation ; may their children, and children's children, speak of them and recount their deeds with reverence, inspired by the remembrance and admiration of their noble sacrifice. May their sufferings, their death, and rude burial upon the hot and dusty battle fields of the South, all tend to strengthen the land they died for, and make patriotism's watchword, "Tis sweet and honorable to die for one's country." The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo ; No more on life's parade' shall meet The brave but fallen few. On fame's eternal camping ground Their silent tenis are spread. And glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead. -^ s1">V jj^ _« S) 1^ 500 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. No rumor of the foes' advance Now sweeps upon the wind; No troubled thoughts at midoight haunt. Of luved ones left behind ; No vision of the morrow's strife, The warrior's dream alarm ; Nor neighing hords nor screaming fife. At dawn shall call to arms. Their shivered swords are red with rust, Their plumed heads are bowed; Their liaughly banner tiaikd in dust. Is now their martial shroud ; And plenteous funeral tears have washed The red stains from each brow. And the proud forms by battle gashed, Are free from anguish now. Now, 'neatb their parent turf they rest. Far from the gory field, Borne to a Spartan mother's breast On many a bloody bhield; The sunshine of their native sky Smiles padly on them here, And hundred eyes and hearts watch by The soldier's sepulchre. Rest on, embalmed and sainted dead. Dear as the blood ye gave ! No impious footsteps here shall treai The herbage of your grave , Nor shall your glory be forgot While fame her record keeps, Or honor points the hallowed spot "Where valor proudly sleeps. Ton faithful herald's blazoned stone With mournful pride shall tell, When many a vanquished age has flown. The story how ye fell ! Nor wreck, nor change, nor winter's flight Nor time's remorseless doom. Shall mar one ray of glory's light That gilds your deathless tomb. Fred. W. Humerick, died of typhoid fever, at RoUa, Missouri, December 11, 1861. David "Wilson, died of consumption, December 4, 1802. William R. Collett, died November 3, 1862, at St. Louis, Missouri, of pneumonia. Japheth Ball, died at Little Rock, Ar- kansas, July 20, 1864, of chronic diarrhoea. Captain J. C. Brown, killed in action, at Milliken's Bend, June 7, 1863. Lieutenant G. B. Kirkpatrick, died No- yember 16, 1864. Jasper Berry, died at Rolla, Missouri. George Rose, killed at battle of Pea Ridge, Missouri, March 10, 1862. David Wilson, died 1862. Patrick Archer, killed at siege of Vicks- burg. Ebenezer Cummings, died June 4, 1863, at Memphis, Tennessee, of typhoid fever. David Duokett, died July 25, 1863, at Milliken's Bend, of diarrhcEa. Isaiah Duckett, died July 15, 1863, at Milliken's Bend, of diarrhoea. George W. Hardy, died October 19, 1862, at the Arcadia hospital, of measles. Lyman J. Jardine, died June 27, 1865, at Columbus, Texas, of chronic diarrhoea. Joshua M. Kear, died July 6, 1863, at Milliken's Bend, of typhoid fever. M. L. Littlefield, died August 4, 1863, at Memphis, Tennessee, of wounds re- ceived in battle. John A. Mahew, died of dysentery, at Milliken's Bend, July 20, 1863. Daniel W. Porter, died at St. Louis, Missouri, of typhoid fever, April 15, 1863. Hudson Reynolds, died July 31, 1863, of typhoid fever, at Milliken's Bend, Louisiana. William R. Terry, died July 6, 1863, at Memphis, Tennessee, of wounds. Samuel Wilson, died July 13, 1863, at Milliken's Bend, of intermittent fever. ♦%. T -^ HISTORY OF CASS COUN TY. 501 EOSTEE OF VETERANS. Besides those who have been mentioned as having enlisted from Cass county dur- ing the great civil war, there are now res- ident within the county, many who wore the army blue, who, at that time resided in other localities and enlisted there, but came to Cass, since, and are now citizens of the county. Endeavor has been made to include all of these brave patriots but it has been impossible. The following list, however, is partially complete, and their names are enrolled that when a few short years have rolled by, that they may not be entirely forgotten: H. M. Brown, I76th Ohio inf'y. G. Jillich, 166th and 197th Ohio inf'y. F. W. Montgomery 11th Illinois cavl'y. J. Green, 9th Iowa infantry. Watson Trego, 102d Illinois infantry. Enos Sayers, 26lh Ohio infantry. A. J. Gillespie, 1st Iowa oavali. Campbell, and the Mor- mons, Mr. Conrad having gone back to Dubuque in the interim. They decided to remain in this vicinity, so they all pur- chased claims of the Mormons, who were about to leave. Mr. Bradshaw commenced keeping a store between the villages of Indiantown and Iranistan in 1852; this was the pio- neer mercantile establishment of the county. In 1853, he removed into the latter village. Mr. Bradshaw purchased this stock in Sidney, Fremont county, where he continued to buy what was needed to replenish it. On moving to Iranistan, he went down to Savannah, Mis- souri, and bought a large stock of dry goods and groceries, and bringing tliem here, put them in his store. He had kept dry goods, cutlery and a little bit of ev- erything, except groceries, previous to ibis, but for the latter necessaries, the settlers had to go to Council Bluffs. He operated this store until his entering the army, when he sold it. Mr. Bradshaw was a great hunter in his time, and has killed as many as seven deer in one day, when they were more plenty than now. Five wapiti or elk, have bit the dust in one day, before his rifle. He was a great hand for pets and had at one time seven elk, two deer, two badgers and two sandhill cranes, two pair of the elk he had trained to work, in place of horses. A sketch of Mr. Bradshaw is given in connection with the history of the office of the county judge, he being the first to fill that impor- tant office. Among the early settlers of the town- ship was Amos F. Vaughn who located west of the site of Lewis, in 1852, on sec- tion 9. He endeavored to play a sharp game in the county, when the commis- sioners had made the selection for the county seat, by going to Council Bluffs, and entering that identical piece of laud, hoping to make something out of it as a speculation. But he had his labor for his pains, as he was compelled to relinquish -jpa ) \ d^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 505 all title to the property, and was glad to get bis money back again. W. W. Haworth, came to Cass town- sbip in 1854, reacbing Indiantown on the 10th of June, and purchased the claim of Baxter Vinnage, on section 17, where he remained several years. He is still a resi- dent of the township. William W. Haworth, born on the 24th of January, 1831, is a native of Vermilion county, Illinois, and is the son of William and Kuth (Wright) Haworth. He was married on the 13tb day of July, 1851, to Miss Sytha Cox, who was born in Indiana, in October, 1828, and died in July, 1873, leaving five children to mourn his loss. Their names are — Mahala, wife of James Jones, of Kansas; Amanda, wife of Ed- ward Johnson, of this township; Aneelm, at home; Simon and Alice, at home; Pa- melia, deceased; Samantha D., deceased. Mr. Haworth's second marriage occurred on the 7th of October, 1879, to Miss Mar- tha Baughman, of West Newton, West- moreland county, Pennsylvania. After his first marriage, Mr. Haworth resided in Vermilion county, for about two years, and was there engaged in farming, and in 1854, he came to Cass county, Iowa, where be is classed among the pioneers. He reached Indiantown on the 10th of June of that year, and spent some time in look- ing for a location. At last be bought a claim on section 17, Cass township with ten acres already broke. He built a rude log cabin and there remained until 1863, and then built a frame house on the same grounds, and remained there until his wife's death in 1873. He tlien moved on section 20, where he has improved his farm and has a fine residence. His land is well supplied with water, and, includ- ing his large tract of timber, he owns 815 acres, and gives attention to the raising of cattle and other fine stock. Mr. Haworth has served his second term as school direc- tor, and is very satisfactory to all. And at present, in 1884, acting as justice of the peace. Daniel Stanley came to this vicinity during the year 1854, and located on sec- tion 9. He is another of the old pioneers who have still been spared to the world and his family. Daniel Stanley, a native of Trumbull county, Ohio, was born on the 12lh of November, 1824, and is the son of John and Elizabeth Stanley. He remained at home until twenty years of age, when he started out in life for himself. He at first started to learn the carpenter trade, but in the course of a few years be became a mill wright, and has been a follower of that occupation a greater part of his life. He went at first to Ohio, and was there, working in different places until 1848, when he came to Mahaska county, Iowa, and there remained one winter, when he was gone to several different places two or three years, when he returned to Ma- haska and was there married in 1853, to Miss Lois Parsons, who was born in Ohio, in 1831. Mr. Stanley came to Cass county in 1854, and rented a farm, which he af- terwards purchased, and has since im- proved. He lived in a shanty until he could erect a dwelling, but before many years had elapsed he had improved his land, built his house and began raising stock. In I860 he crossed the plains and went to Central City, Colorado, and in the winter of 1861, came back, and returned ^i •t 506 HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. to the mountains with his family. He was there engaged in mining a short time, and in building saw mills and quartz mills, until 1872, when he relurnud to his farm in Cass county. He now owns three hundred and forty-live acres of nice land near Lewis, on sections 9, 15 and 16, his residence being on section 9. Mrs. Stan- ley died on the lOlh of July, 1868, leavii g six children — Mary Helen, born in May, 1854, and died in November, 1857; Me- langthon, born in May, 1864, and died in 1883; Horace M., now living in California; Charles I., born in 1858, also in California; Frank S., now in California; Betty, at home. Mr. Stanley was married again in July, 1875, to Mrs. Nancy Everly, a widow of Leonard Everly, who died in 1871, leaving seven children, whose names are — Milton P., now in California; Milvon, now in Kansas; Sarah, who died 1870; Charles, living in Omaha; Edward, resid- ing in Lewis; Sophronia, who died in 1867; John, who died in 18T5; and William, who died in 1874. Mr. Stanley has served as deputy sheriff two years, and as a mem- ber of the school board. He is an honest and upright man, and lias received the re- spect and trust of the people. Mrs. Nancy Stanley was a native of Vermilion county, Indiana, and lived in that county until she married Leonard Everly. She then came with her husband in the fall of 1854, to Cass county, Iowa. In the fall of 1855 her husband purchased a farm in Pottawattamie county, and moved on it, their nearest neighbor being two miles away. They owned a number of farms in Cass and adjoining counties. lie was a noted trader, and was drafted into the army, and remained in service till he was honorably discharged at the close of the war. Hiram Smith located on sec' ion 30, during the year 1855, where he lived until his death, which occurred November 9, 1858. His widow and son are still resi- dents of the old homestead. Cornelius M. McClintock was brought into Cass county by Charles Baldwin, a relative, in December, 1856, and spent the winter in Lewis. He is still a residentof the county. Cornelius M. McClintock was born in Warren county, Ohio, on the 29th of October, 1849. In the spring of 1850, he started with his parents for Iowa, and at Keokuk his father died of cholera. lie, with the rest of the family, came on to Mahasha county, and started a hotel at Oskaloosa, but not liking that business, they began farming in the same county. In the winter of 1856, the family was brought into Cass county by Charles Bald- win, a relative, and as that was the winter of the heavy snows, there was much suf- fering from cold and fatigue, by the wearied travelers. They reached the Nodaway "Valley, where they became lost in a snow storm, but later in the evening they reached a small log cabin, which was occupied by John Dyer. They were obliged to remain in this rude structure until the storm ceased, which was about three days, when with six yoke of oxen they started for Lewis, where Charles Baldwin was then keeping a hotel, and there the family remained that winter, and in the spring moved to a dwelling, which was constructed in Lewis. Cor- nelius helped earn the living with his mother, and renting a few acres of land, "^Tts t ^l^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 507 began farming, and making a success of their occupadon, they purcliased a tract of land in Cass township, and one in the township of Atlantic. Tliey sold all but eighty acres, north of Lewis, which they improved and in later years sold. Mrs, McClintock is now living with her daughter, Mrs. Smith. Cornelius was married, on the 11th of September, 1878, to Miss Ida Upson, a daughter of one of the early settlers of the township. They have three children — Mabel, Philip P. and Neil Clayton. Mr. McClintock owns 190 acres of land in Cass township, his land being the pioneer farm of Cass county, being the old, residence of Jere- miah Bradshaw. Samuel Upson made a settlement at ludianlown in 1858, and is one of the prominent men of the township. Samuel Upson came to Cass county, in 1858, and purchased a fine residence in what was then Indiantown. He bought at first forty acres of land on section 4, and has since added seventy acres on section 14, and fifty-eight acres on section 9. lie was born in Summilt county, Ohio, on the 23d of October, 18a3, his parents being Asa and Chloe Upson. They moved to Bureau county Illinois, in 1854, where the old folks died. Samuel then bought a farm and began to cultivate the land, and make general improvements, but not liking the country, he sold his farm and came to Cass county. Mr. Upson was united in marriage with Miss Jane R. Herrick, on the 15th of January, 18.55. She was born in Tompkins county. New York, on the 15th of February, 1837. They have been blessed with six children — Ida, wife of Cornelius McClintock; Sarah Jane, wife of Horace Stanley, a resident of California; Frank, Fred, Vlay and Burt. Mr. Upson has been hon- ored with the position of township treas- urer, which he has held .six years, atid has also been a tru.stee of the township. Samuel Davis purchased a farm on sec- tion 18, on coming to Cass county, in 1859, and put up a house thereon. Here he lived until the day of his death as re" lated below. Samuel D.ivis, born in 1828, was a native of Herkimer county, New/ York. He was married in Madison coun- ty. New York, in 1852, to Miss Amanda Eastman. She was born in New York Stale, in January, 1833, and when an in- fant, came with her parents to Madison county. Mr. Davis worked at the trade of wagon and carriage making, and was so engaged until April, 1859, when he came to Cass county, Iowa, and purchased a farm of eighty acres of fine land on section 18, Cass township. He built a nice house and was succeeding on his farm, when, in August, 1859, he was instantly killed, by lightning. He had been thresh- ing with his neighbor, Mr. Strong, and in the evening when returning home, was instantly killed about forty rods from the house. His wife supposing he bad re- mained at Mr. Strong's, on account of the storm, was not worried, and in the morn- ing, sent one of the boys to inquire if he had became ill. Thus his body was found and taken to the house. Mrs. Davis now resides at the old homestead with her children, who are not married — Samuel, a resident of New York; Neil, a resident of Cass township; Amanda, wife of James Griffith, of Whitneyville; Franklin, a resident of Pottawattamie county; Dela- J^ 508 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. van, now at home ; Lillian, wife of John C. Connor, and Philip. Henry L. Sampson, son of Jonathan and Lois Sampson, was born in Cass county, Michigan, August 28, 1840. Jonathan Sampson died in that county in 1868. His widow is now living at the homestead with her son Lafayette Sampson. Henry L. left home at the age of eighteen years, in the fall of 1858, and came to Iowa. He spent one winter in Jasper county, and the following spring in company with his elder brother, Edson Sampson, went to Kansas, where they remained less than two months, and then went to California, crossing the plains with ox teams and three cows. They made a leisurely and pleasant trip, consuming six months of time. They spent five years in that State, engaged in mining and transportation business. The two were together the greater part of the time. They went from that State to Nevada, where they kept hotel and boarding house, nine miles from Austin. While in this business they made and lost money. Henry L. Samp- son was married in Nevada, January 2, 1865, to Maggie Perkins, a daughter of E. Gr. and Rachel Perkins, who were at that time residents of that Slate, but now live in this township. The marriage cere- mony was performed by the Rev. J. P. Cul- ver, who was the only clergyman known of in that vicinity, and who proved to be an old acquaintance of Mr. Sampson's. Mrs. Sampson was born in Bureau county, Illinois, September 16, 1844. They left Nevada and returned to the east, via San Francisco, Panama and New York city. They spent two months at Mr. Sampson's old home in Michigan, then went to Bureau county, Illinois, and remained four years, engaged in farming. In 1869, they' removed to Stearns county, Minnesota, where he was engaged in the agricultural implement trade at St. Cloud, also worked a rented farm. Two years later they came to Cass township, Cass county, Iowa, purchasing then (December, 187],) their present farm, which contains forty acres, located in section 12. Mr. aud Mrs. Sampson have eight children — Elijah, Rachel, Mary, William, Carrie, Viola, James and Isaac. Henry Miller was born in Augusta county, Virginia, on the llth. of August, 1829, and is the son of Martin and Mary Miller. Henry left his home when twen- ty-one years of age, and went to Mont- gomery county, Indiana, where he re- mained about five years, and during that time was engaged in operating a steam saw-mill, built and owned by himself. In 1855, he sold his property, and moved to Warren county, Illinois, and was there engaged in manufacturing wagons and carriages. He continued in that business eleven years, when he erected a planing mill, and began operation. He continued in that work about two years, when he sold out, and was engaged in the furni- ture business about two years, when he came to Cass county, and located injhe city of Atlantic, and built a house where the Park hotel now stands. He remained in that city until 1871, when he moved to his present location in Cass township, where he owns two hundred acres of land, forty acres on section 20, and one hundred and sixty acres on section 21. He has some fine stock, and is known as one of the best farmers in the county. Henry \^s- M'_ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 509 was married in Tippecanoe county, Indiana, on the 22d of March, 1853, to Miss Sarah Davis, a native of Vigo county, in that State. They have four children, Anna Eliza, a resident of Har Ian, Iowa; George W., novsr living in At- lantic; Benjamin D., at home; and Stella, at home. Benjamin D. was married on the 24th of October, 1883, to Miss Ella Haworth, a native of this county. He now resides on his father's farm, but has a separate house. Holton G. Cotton is a native of Wyom- ing county. New York, and was born on the 8th of June, 1836, his parents being Owen and Laura (Adams) Cotton. His father was born in Vermont, and died in Wyorping county, New York, on the 5th of September, 1872, while his widow survived him two years. Holton G. left his home in 1866, for Omaha, Ne- braska, and worked the first season at general, labor, but being later engaged in farming until 1860. He then ci-ossed the plains to Colorado, and was there engaged in lumbering and mining until the winter of 1863, when he returned to his old home in New York for a month's visit, when he returned to Omaha and was there em- ployed as sui-veyor for the Union Pacific railroad, and was afterwards engaged in the government transportation service, delivering goods from the Missouri river, west, to forts and Indian agencies. In June, 1865, Holton came to Lewis, and has since been a resident of Cass county. He was married on the 4ih of March, 1866, to Miss Luella M. Tefft, a daughter of Samuel H. TefCt, one of the pioneers of this county. Holton commenced his mar- ried life on a rented farm, owned by Dr. Carey, and in the fall of 1868 he moved to the place he now owns and occupies, on sections 2 and 3. This farm of one hun- dred and twenty acres was first improved by Mr. Tefft, but he soon sold it to his son-in-law. Mr. Cotton is a member of the Lewis Lodge, No. 13V, A. F. and A. M., and is the secretary of the school board. He is a prominent and substantial citizen, and has been a candidate for county clerk. While in Colorado, he was the first justice of the peace, and also the first clerk and recorder of Douglas county, Colorado, and in the fall of 1863 run for the State Legislature on the Dem- ocratic ticket, being beaten by a small Republican majority. Mr. and Mrs. Cot- ton have had three children: Laura, born in November, 1868, and died in Decem- ber, 1868; Cora, born in October, 18T0, died in 1878; and Harlow, born in 1877. Samuel H. Tefft was born in llopkin- ton, Rhode Island, on the 28th of October, 1821. He learned the trade of harness and carriage making, which he followed for some time. He was also employed in a cotton mill, but this being about the time of the war, he was discharged on account of political preference. In 1848 he left his family, and embarked for Cali- fornia, arriving in San Francisco on the 4tb of April, 1849. He was engaged in mining until 1851, when he returned home with the intention of removing his family, having a claim of 160 acres of land near the city of Oakland. He returned to the great mining district and sold his claim, keeping only his stock ranche, which, if remaining now, would be right in the center of the city of San Francisco. He at last sold all his shares in the mines, ^1 *iy® k. 510 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. and returned east in 1855, and soon located in the Hawkeye State. He went to Mont- gomery county, and erected a mill at Stennett'a Grove, and in the spring of 1867 sold out and came to Lewis, and has since made it his home, with the exception of a few months' visit to Colorado. In the spring of 1863 he bought 480 acres of land on sections 2, 3, 4 and 10, and has given his sons-in-law, H. G. Cotton and F. C. Jones, forty acres of land each. Mr. Tfffc was married in 1841 to Miss Maria Johnson, and by their union four children have been born — Luella, wife of H. G. Cotton; Addie, wife of Charles Buei; Georgia, wife of F. C. Jones; and Ida, now living with her father, their mother having died in iflay, 1863. Mr. Tefft has been a member of the school board, and has also been trustee. Henry Norton, a native of Derbyshire, England, was born on the 29th of March, 1831. When iwelve years of age he commenced the tailoring trade, and so continued until March, 1865, when he came to the United States, and directly settled in Henry county, Illinois. He bought eighty acres of land there, and was a resident of that county and Stale until the fall of 1868, when he came to Cass county, Iowa, and bought a farm on section 34, Cass township, where he has be- come one of the prosperous and successful farmers. He has since added to his origi- nal purchase 800_acres, which he has also nicely improved, beside a farm in Potta- wattamie county, of eighty acres. He is devoting his attention to the raising and purchasing of cattle and hogs, having some of the finest in the township. Mr. Norton was married in Sheffield, England, on the 30th of November, 1851, to Miss Jane White, a native of that country. Their union has been blessed with nine children — Anthony, a residt^nt of this townsliip; Anna, wife of E. S.Jones, and a resident of this township; Mary, wife of J. Merritt, of Pleasant township; Jolin, married, and now living with his father; Clara, wife of G. F. Scar, a resident of Montgomery county; Charles, Edward, Matthew Furmis and Winfred, at home. F. C. Jones, horn in Jefferson county, New York, on February 19, 1856, is the son of K. W. and Rowena Jones. F. C. came to Cass county with his parents in 1872, and made his home with them until his marriage, which occurred in 1877, with Miss Georgia Tefft, a daughter of S. H. Tefft, one of the prominent men of this township. Mrs. Jones was born in this county on the 19th of September, 18"i7. They have had three children, whose names are — Erma B., born in December, 1877; Clarence P., born in March, 1879, and Carlisle L., born in October, 1881. Mr. Jones has a farm of eighty acres on sections 3 and 10, his resi- dence being situated on section 3. He is setting a good example to farmers and other citizens of this township, by showing them his integrity and honesty, and has gained 'their confidence in work and deed. James Dunn, born in Ingham county, Michigan, on the 27th of May, 1847, is the son of John and Mary Dunn, both of whom died when James was a boy. When fourteen years of age, he began to pro- vide for himself, while the younger chil- dren were to be cared for. He fought Lis way through the world, and when sev- ^ » k. HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. 511 enteon years of age, enlisted in company A, Tvventy-eiglith Michigan Volunteers. He joined Sherman's army at Raleigh, and served in that capacity until the close of the war, when he was honorably discharg- ed. His brother, Ezra A., who was a member of the Eighth Cavalry, died in the Andersonville prison. James came to Cass county in 1873, and worked five years for William Hopley, of Atlantic township, and a few years later bought the farm he now occupies, of eighty acres on section 1, and seventeen acres of timber on section 2, Cass township, where he is among the enterprising and intelli- gent farmers. Mr. Dunn was united in marriage in March, 1878, with Miss Helena Hopley, a daughter of John Hop- ley, a resident of Atlantic township. They have been blessed with three chil- dren — Earl Tennimore, Ina Louise and Grace Alma. Jeremiah Murnan, a native of Hancock county, Indiana, was born on the 16th of June, 1846, and is the son of John and Sarah Murnan. When about ten years of age, he -moved with his parents to Stark county, Illinois, and was there reared to manhood. He was married in Stark coun- ty, on the 8th of January, 1868, to Miss Emma Orr, a daughter of F. G. Orr. Her mother died when Emma was young, and until her marriage, she resided with her father, who now lives in Woodbury county, Iowa. Mr. Murnan brought his family to this county in October, 1873, and settled in Cass township, where he purchased three hundred and twenty acres of land on sections 20 and 29, and later, bought eighty acres on sections 19 and 30. He was engaged in stock raising until the fall of 1882, when he sold his farm and located on section 1 1, and has since made tliat his home. He owns two hundred and fifty-six acres at his residence, one hun- dred and sixty acres in Woodbury county, and three hundred and thirty-four acres in Plymouth county. He at one timeo^ned a stage line from Atlantic to Lewis, and thence to Red Oak, and in connection with his stage, run a livery stable at Lewis. He raises a large number of fine stock, and is continually buying and sel- ling. Mr. and Mrs. Murnan have six chil- dren— Lora, Charley, Harry, Clifton, Bertie and Josie. Merritt E. Hotchkiss was born in Mex- ico, Oswego county, New York, on the 9th of August, 1842, his parents being Stephen and Tiyphena Hotchkiss. On the third day of May, 1861, he enlisted in Company D, Twenty-fourth New York Volunteers. He was with McClellan at Bailey's Cross- roads; was in the engagements at Freder- icksburg, Cedar Mountain, and many others. On the ninth day of May, 1863, he was discharged, and soon returned to his home in Oswego county. New York, where in January, 1869, he was married to Miss Helen E. ITenyon, of that town. They have had five children, none of whom are now living: Willie, born in 1870, died in March, 1872, and four died in infancy. He remained at home until September, 1863, when he again enlisted in Company A, New York Infantry, and thus served until the close of the war. lie then returned to New York City, and there remained until the spring of 1867 when he removed to Olmslead county, Minnesota, where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1808, when he 512 HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. came to Cass county, and the spring fol- lowing purchased a farm in section 5, Cass township, where he now resides. His farm contained one hundred and twenty acres of land, a nice residence, and many other farm buildings. Mr. Hotchkiss is a prominent and substantial citizen of this township, and his high standing in the community is chiefly owing to his ambi- tion and successful management. He is a Mason of high degree,and is Worshipful Master of the Lewis Lodge, No. 137, A.F. and A. M., and also a member of the Ophir Chapter, No. 84. I. W. Baker was born in Jersey county, Illinois, February 22, 1843, his parents being Ira and Sarah Baker. The family, when I. W. was about seven years old, removed to Chicago and there remained one year, and then removed to Lee county, Illinois. The most of the life of the sub- ject of this sketch was spent in the coun- try, and he received a limited education in the common schools of the "Sucker State." He was possessed of natural business tact, and in 1868 went to LaSalle county and engaged in mercantile trade, handling groceries, dry goods, etc. In 1877 he returned to Lee county, and there remained until coming to Iowa in Jan- uary, 1881. He was married in LaSalle county in November, 1878, to Miss Anna E. McDonnell, a native of Pennsylvania. They have three children— Charles E., Bertha A. and Willie M. Mr. Baker is a member of the Baptist church at Lewis, and a man who has the respect of the community in which he lives. He en- listed in Company K, Seventy-fifth Illinois Infantry, on August 9, 1862, and during a service of nearly three years was always found at the front, except a few months while suffering from a gun-shot wound in the right thigh, received at tlie battle of Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864. In Fayette county, Pennsylvania, on the 17th of November, 1828, Henry B. Ros- sell was born. At the age of eighteen years he entered an apprenticeship to learn the carpenter trade. He continued working at his trade in Washington coun- ty, about three years, and in 1858, came to the Hawkeye State, and purchased a tract of wild land on section 29, Bear Grove township, Cass county. He brought with him to his new home fifty standard apple trees, and planted them,thus making the pioneer orchard of Cass county. He improved his farm of 120 acres, kept his infant orchard in a good condition, and there suffered the hardships of our pio- neers. He soon saw that his labor was successful, and remaining there about ten years he sold his farm and bought 232 acres of land at the old settlement of Iraniston. His farm is now nicely laid out with sufficient trees, farm buildings, and is nowoneof the finest places in the. town- ship. He is engaged in general farming and is obtaining a good reputation as a fine farmer. Mr. Rossell was married in Washington county, Pennsylvania, to Miss Sarah A. Stocking, on the 28th day of April, 1854. She was born in New York, in 1833. They have three living whose names are — Mary B., wife of Jos- eph Leonard, a resident of Pleasant town- ship; Charles, now in Pottawattamie county; Frank, now at home. Harrison Bruce, was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, on the 16th June, 1816. In 1856 he came to Hamilton county, Iowa, ^- Ali -* 9 ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 513 where he buried his wife, Mrs. Eliza Ann Brace. By her he had one child, Sam- uel, now a resident of Fremont county, Iowa. Mr. Bruce was again married in 1859, to Mrs. Mary Woodward, of "Web- ster City, Hamilton county. Her hus- band died on the 16th of August, 1855, in Jefferson county. Mrs. Bruce was born in Fayette county, Illinois, on the Tth of November, 1852, and by her first marriage two sons were born to her— Iven, now a resident of Atlantic, and John A., now living in California. Mr. Bruce owned and operated the pioneer mill of Hamil- ton county, and in an early day, people from several neighboring counties came to his mill, some having to travel a dis- tance of sixty miles. In 1861, the high water and ice in the Boone river carried the mill away, and Mr. Bruce, not wish- ing to rebuild it, came to Cass county, and bought a homestead of 100 acres, on sec- tions 2'7 and 28. Mr. Bruce, in the prime of life was carried away by the angel of death, leaving his family and friends to mourn the loss of their loved one, from their circles and fireside. Mrs. Bruce now resides at the old home purchased by her husband, and with her, now are living her sons, who are her only companions in her declining years. George S. Brown, one of the prominent citizens of Cass township, was born in Lee county Iowa, on the 16th of February, 1848. His father was a native of Massa- chusetts, and in former days was a mer- chant, and was so engaged many years, when he became a farmer. He was one of the pioneers of Lee county, settling there in 1846. He died in Lee county, in 1877. His widow is now living on the old homestead with her daughter Lucy H. Their. Eight children are all living, all married but one. Geoi-ge, the subject of our sketch, became identified with Cass county in November, 1872, and the follow- ing spring bought 120 acres of land on section 14 and 23, Cass township. He has since purchased 605 acres of land, and has built a fine set of frame buildings. He pays particular attention to the raising of stock, and buying them for the market He has received the confidence and re- spect of the people, and as a farmer and stock dealer he is numbered among the first. Mr. Brown was united at Lewis, on the 24th of February, 1870, to Miss Sophia Mills, a daughter of Hon. Oliver and So- phia Mills. Mrs. Mills died in December, 1876, at Lewis, where her husband still resides. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have been blessed with four children: Fred Oliver, born in 1871 ; William G. and Edward F., twins, born in July, 1875; and Edith, born in December, 1879. Joseph Stevens is a native of Derby- shire, England, and was born on the 9ih of December, 1840. At the age of fifteen years he began to learn the machinist trade, and was so engaged until twenty- one years of age, when he went to Shef- field and located in that place until 1870 when he came to America and has since made this his home. Mr. Ste- vens was united in marriage in New Mills, in December, 1866, to Elizabeth Morton. Directly on reaching the shores of the New World, they came to Cass county, and located in Cass township, where he now owns 147^ acres of the finest farm land in the county, and is raising some of the finer qualities of stock. He is a man irjp *J? 514 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. of more than ordinary ability and should each and every farmer, have his business under as good management, and be pro- gressive and trustful citizens as our sub- ject, our country would be much more wealthy than at the present time. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens have four children : Ernest J.B., Katie E., Beatrice M. and George A. William S. Snell was born October 28, 1825, in Plymouth county, Massachusetts, and is a lineal descendant of one of the " Pilgrim Fathers." His father, Ansel Snell, owned a farm, but was by trade a carpenter and joiner. William S. was brought up on the farm, and at the age of sixteen years, learned the trade of shoe- making, at which he worked until he came west. He was married in Massachusetts, in 1850, to Miss Parthenia C. Sherman, a native of Grafton, Worcester county, Massachusetts. In 1859 they went to Lee county, Illinois, where he opened a shoe shop at Franklin Grove, and remained till 1870. In that year they came to Cass county. Mr. Snell purcliased one hun- dred and five acres of land on section 35, Washington township. Tliishe improved and lived upon two or three years. He then sold his farm. Since then he has lived a portion of the time in Lewis, and for four or five years kept hotel and board- ing-house in the old town. In the spring of 1882 he moved to the place where he resides. It contains forty-six acres, ad- joining the town plat on the north, and also town lots. Mr. and Mrs. Snell, have three children: Francis F., a resident of Michigan ; Frederick W., also in that State, and Addie May, living with her parents. Hiram Smith was a native of Virginia, having been born there on the 14th of January, 1805. He moved to Vermilion county, Illinois, at an early age, and was there married in December, 1832, to Miss Naomi Dillon. In 1855, Mr. Smith and wife came fromVermilion county, Illinois, to Cass county, Iowa, and were among the early settlers. Like all pioneers, their work was hard, and many a day of hard labor was performed before the ground was cultivated, and the land became im- proved so as to plant groves and orchards. He was taken from his loved ones in 1858, and his widow now resides on the homestead, where they settled in Novem. ber, 1855. Mr. and Mrs. Smith had nine children — Levi, died in 1878; Hannah, wife of Fred Muherter; James D., a resi- dent of Atlantic; Luke, William H., Abigail, married Samuel Wilson; Reuben, resident of Griswold; Oliver and Henry. Mr. Smith was a prominent man, and was honored with the office of justice of the peace, and held that position several years. Henry C. Smith, a son of the above de- ceased, was born some time after his par- ents came to Cass county, his birth occur- ring in November, 1857, and has always made his home with his parents until three or four years ago, when he went away, but soon returned to the old folks. Since his father's death, he has looked after the welfare of his mother, who is now growing quite old Henry was united in marriage on the 1st of May, 1880, with Miss Sophronia E. Pierson, a daughter of Granville and Elizabeth Pierson, of Potta- wattamie county. They have been blessed with one child — Ira O., born in 1880, and died on the 28th of December, 1881. \*, -^ M^ Ji. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 515 William R. Perkins was born in Bu- reaa county, Illinois, on the 29tli of Janu- ary, 1850, being the son. of Elijah and Rachel Perkins. He was married in Illi- nois, in August, 1869, to Miss Maggie Thompson, a native of that State. In the fall of their marriage, William moved to Wright county, Minnesota, in company, with his parents. Both families rented farms and there lived about two years, when they came to Cass county, Iowa,and purchased one hundred acres of land on section 12. William occupies this farm, and is now one of the prosperous and suc- cessful farmers of the township. He is raising a fine stock of cattle, and is known as a fine stock breeder. Mr. and Mrs. Perkins have five children living — Mary, Alice, John, Ellis and Minnie. William's father now resides in the township, on two hundred acres of cultivated land on section 12. There were five children in that family, named— Maggie, wife of H. O. Samson, of this township; David, a resident of Lewis; Emma, wife of Albert Allen, and Frank. T. J. Hoose is a native of Wyoming county, New York, and was born on the 5th of June, 1846, and is the son of Peter and Marion (Simmons) Hoose. When eight years of age Jefferson came west with his parents, and settled in La Salle county, Illinois, where his father die!, and his mother is now living in Lewis, with a daughter. T. J. came to Cass county in 1871, and located on section 24, Cass township, where he owns eighty acres of as fine land as can be found in the county. Mr. Hoose was married on the 12th of April, 1877, to Miss Mary Keys, a daugh- ter of James and Bridget Keys, and a ' native of Pike county, Illinois. Her par- ents came to this county in 1871, where her father died in the winter of 1883-4, while her mother still resides in Lewis. Mr. and Mrs. Hoose have been blessed with three children— Edward, born in 1879; Mary, on February 22, 1881, and Arthur, born on August 19, 1884. Edward Johnson, son of Henry and Bashaba Johnson, was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, on the 23d of December, 1852. In November, 1858, his parents came to Iowa, and located in Clark coun- " ty, where his father died in 1867. Ed- ward being the eldest of the children, was looked upon as the support of the family. He went to Page county, Iowa, in 1868, and there did farm work for nearly one year, thence to Red Oak, and was there engaged in the same occupation. He remained there about four years, when he came to Cass county, and worked for himself. He purchased a team and began breaking the prairie and threshing his grain. He was married on the 9th of November, 1876, to Miss Amanda, daugh- ter of W. W. Haworth. She was born in Cass township, this county, in October, 1859. Mr. Johnson bought eighty acres of land on section 29, and resided there two years, when he exchanged with J. S. Haworth, for two hundred and eighty-two acres on sections 16 and 17. His farm is one of the finest in the township, and it is greatly owing to Mr. Johnson's intelli- gence and good management. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have three children For- est, born in 1878; W^illiam, born iu> November, 1880, and Lillie M., born in 1883. John W. Scott, son of James and Polly ''C '\iL 516 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Scott, was born in Montgomery county, Indiana, April 6, 1837. His parents were among the earliest settlers of that county. His father made a farm in Linn, now Ber- tram township, where he still resides. His ■wife died therein 1846. John W.Scott was married September 7, 1865, to Miss Eliza Ann Oxley, a native of the same county, born April 30, 1845. Her parents are Perry and Catherine Oxley, the form- er, born in Fayette county, Kentucky, January 21, 1815, and the latter in Knox county, Indiana, in 1821. They now re- side in Linn county, Iowa, where they settled in March, 1838. They were among the earliest pioneers of that coun- ty. John W. Scott settled at the time of his marriage, on a part of the homestead where he remained till March, 1882, when he became a resident of Cass coun- ty, purchasing then, the farm on which he now lives. It is located on section 11, of Cass township and contains eighty acres. He bought the same of L. K. An- drews. It was well improved at the time of his purchase. Mr. and Mrs. Scott have three children — Olive C, born May 30, 1867; Perry C, born August 22, 1869, and Jennie C, born September 7, 1875. Mr. Scott enlisted August 20, L862, in the Thirty-first Iowa Infantry, company A., and was mustered out as sergeant. He participated in all the battles of his regi- ment. George H. Stevens, son of Jacob Stev- ens, was born in Canada, November 6, 1835. When he was twelve years old his parents settled in Dodge county, Wiscon- sin, where he remained till 1858, then went to Nebraska and engaged in farm- ing till the war broke out. August 20, 1861, he enlisted in company A, of the Seventh Kansas Cavalry. The first en- gagement in which he participated was at Bruce Springs, Missouri. He was in the battle of Corinth, the siege of Vicksburg, and the battle of Holly Springs and luka. Up to the date of his enlistment as a vet- eran, he had taken part in forty-seven battles and skirmishes. After that time he was in all of the engagements of his regiment, the last being the battle of Tupelo, lie was a gallant soldier and al- ways at the post of duty. He was honor- ably discharged September 29, 1865, and returned to Richardson county, Nebraska, where he remained till 1874. He then came to Cass township, Cass county, Iowa, his father having previously settled here. About two years afterwards, he, in part- nership with his brothers, Jacob B. and Daniel Stevens, purchased the Iranistan mill, which they now operate. Jacob Stevens, of the firm of Stevens Bros, was born in Canada, in 1847, and came with his father's family to this coun- ty. He now lives at Iranistan, with his brothers. George H., Daniel and, John, all of whom are unmarried. Daniel Stevens was born in Dodge county, Wisconsin, in 1849, and came to Cass county with the family. After attaining his majority he went to Richardson county, Nebraska, thence to Table Rock, Pawnee county, of the same State, where he learned the trade of millwright. He returned to Cass county and was employed as a builder, in Lewis, working upon the construction of some of the best buildings in that town. He is now one of the firm of Stevens Bros. John Stevens was born in Canada, January 28, 1842. He came to Cass county :r^ .-^^ J^^ '^Aa v ihL^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 523 on the 3l8t day of March, 1884, to C. L. Goudy. The above sketch is a short rec- ord of the most important incidents of a stirring and eventful life, and shows what may be accomplished by an earnest, deter- mined, and honest purpose, coupled with industry and economy. Mr. and Mrs. Ste- vens are both in good health, and on the Ist day of January, 1885, will celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of their marriage which will be a rare occasion. George M. Elsey, a native of Marion county, Ohio, was born in May, 1828. His father, George Elsey, was one of the pioneers of Mahaska county, Iowa, where he died in 1882. He was twice married. His first wife, Elizabeth Elsey, the mother of George M., died in Ohio in 1840. Mr. Elsey was married the second time, to Xancy Gerhart, who died about seventeen years ago. George M. Elsey is one of the pioneers of Cass county, having been identified with its interests since 1854, at which date, he came to Lewis, bringing a general stock of goods from Oskaloosa, and, in company with Charles Baldwin, opened the first general store in Lewi8,the name of the firm being Baldwin and Elsey, They continued in partnership till the summer of 1855, when Mr. Elsey bought the interest of his partner, and, same year, sold the business to Joseph Wannock. The winter following, Mr. Elsey taught the pioneer school of Lewis. Among his pupils were the sons of Jehu Woodward, Chester and Wooster; Neil McClintock and his two brothers, Frank and Augustus. December let, 1827, George M. Elsey and Ariminta Littlefield were united in marriage. She is a daugh- ter Horace Littlefield, and a native of Switzerland county, Indiana,born in 1838. They began keeping house, in the house of Mr. Dan Stanley, where they remained till July, 1858, then remoyed to their pres- ent rebidence on section 14, adjoining the town plat of Lewis, where he owns eighty acres. He also owns one hundred acres in sections 22 and 10. They have had seven children — Warren, died at the age of one year; Carrie, wife of H. A. Shade, of this township; Sophie, wife of George G. Gillispie, of this township; lola, Bes- sie, Effie and Georgie, at home. Mr. Elsey is a prominent and much esteemed citizen. He is at present assessor of Cass township. He has also held the oflSce of township trustee and clerk. James M. Baxter, one of the pioneers of Cass county, lives upon section 1, town- ship of Cass. Mr. Baxter was born July 12, 1831, in Norwich, Windsor county, Vermont. He is a sou of Charles and Lora (Partridge) Baxter, both of whom are now deceased. James M. Baxter received the education coniraoiil3- given to sons of Vermont, farmers, and was reared to agri- cultural pursuits. He emigrated to this Stale in March, 1856, arriving here on the 11 th of that month, since which time he has been a resident and identified wilh the interests of Cass county. When he came here the country was very sparsely settled. One small dry goods store at Lewis was the only one in the county. There was no blacksmith shop and they were obliged to go to Council Bluffs for their blacksmi thing. There was occasion- ally a school, but not a school house in the county. Mr. Baxter worked for two years as a farm laborer, but the first sum- mer bought eighty acres of land six miles "^ r :?k^ 524 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. southwest of Lewis. He began improving his land in 1858. He was married Aug- ust 12th, of that year, at Lewis, toEnphe- mia Kiohardson, a native of the State of New York. Her parents, William and Sallie Kiohardson, removed when she was a child, to Trumbull county, Ohio. She and a brotiier, Emory Riciiardson, came to this county in 1857. A married sister, the wife of William Arnold, then lived at Lewis. Mr. Baxter has contributed largely to the development of Cass county. He has broken and improved two thousand acres of the prairie soil, built many houses and at least twenty-five miles of fence. He has put down wells and built barns irj pro- portion. He has bought, improved and sold a number of farms, and now owns sixteen hundred acres in Bear Grove and Cass townships, all under fence and in tame grass, pastures or crops. He farms about one thousand acres himself, renting the remainder of his land. Mr. ar.d Mrs Baxter have six children — Charles M., living on his father's farm, and married to Emma Granger, of Atlantic; Roxa A.,- wife of H. D. Sheets; Lora P., William D. C, Henry P. and Jedley L The last named died in March, 1880, aged eight years. Mr. Baxter was elected in 1880, supervisor of district No. 4. In 1883, he was elected chairman of the county board of supervisors, and is at present school director of district No. I,- Cass township. Mr. Baxter is an enterprising and public spirited citizen, and one of the prominent men of the county. June 10, 1880, a cyclone passed over his place, doing much damage. His loss was estimated at thirty- five hundred dollars. The storm destroyed three tenement houses, carried away small barns and sheds, a hog house, one hundred and twenty-five feet long, and one hun- dred and twenty-five hogs, not one of which were ever seen again, ninty-five pigs and four horses. Mr. Baxter is the largest farmer in the county. He pays much attention to improved stock of all kinds, and is the owner of three fine im- ported stock horses. . Kendrick N. Jones, born in Jefferson county. New York, on the 26th of Octo- ber, 182'7, is the son of Gardner Jones, who was a carpenter by trade, and who in his latter days became a farmer. He died in Jefferson county in 1856, where his wid- ow now resides. Mrs. Jones was born in New Hampshire, and had always been a resident of that State. Kendrick N. came to the Ilawkeye State in 1869, and located in Lee county, where he was engaged in farming about two years, when he came to Cass county, and settled in Washing- ton township. He was there engaged in farming until 1874, when he came to Cass township, and purchased a farm, which is now owned by Oliver Mills. In 1879 he sold his farm, and moved to Lewis, but not liking the town as well as his farm life, he moved on a farm owned and im- proved by Jacob McClain, on section 25, which he bought, and has since made it his home. Mr. Jones was married in July, 1861, to Miss liowena Epps, a native of New York. She was a daughter of Fran- cis and Olive (Thompson) Epps. They have had two children-r-Fremont C, born in 1857, now resides in this township; and Ella, born in 1868. Among the prosperous and enterpris- ing farmers of Cass township, John T. Til A HISTORY OF CASS COUNT F. §35 Garner stands among the first. He was born in Huron county, Oliio, on the 13lh of March, 1851. His father died when John was an infant, and his motlier dying in 1866, John was left alone with an uncle — Dix Ryan, with whom he lived until he became of age. He then began farming, and was so engaged in Staik county, Illi- nois until 1878, when he came to Fremont county, Iowa, where he bought a farm in Locust Grove township, lie sold his place in 1882, and came to Cass county, and bought a farm of one hundred and sixty acres of nice land in Cass township, where he now resides, and has one of ihe finest places in the county. Mr. Garner was married in Stark county, Illinois, on the 29th of March, 1871, to Miss Lydia Himes, a native of that county. Her mother, Maria Ilimes, died in July, 1884, at the residence of Mr. Garner, and her father died in Fremont county in 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Garner have three children — Delia M., Lillie and Minnie. Prank Hunt, one of the substantial and enterprising men of Cass township, was born in Grafton county, New Hampshire, on the 7th of July, 1832, and is the son of Nathan and Harriet Hunt. His father died at the old homestead in New Hamp- shire, in March, 1884, at the age of eighty- four years. Frank left his parental roof when twenty years of age, and made his way westward, first stopping in Story county, Iowa, where he worked at carpen- tering until 1802, when he came to Polk county, and was there engaged in selling merchandise through the country. He was employed in such pursuits about two years, when he became identified with Cass county, where he has since made bis home. He drove the stage from Atlantic to Lewis for one year, and was then en- gaged in a general store at Lewis, for about two years. He was then employed in a drug store about one year, when the store burned, and Frank was again out of employment. But being eager to make a living, he established a livery stable, and did a flourishing business until 1870, when he began farming in Wright township, Pottawattamie county. He returned to Cass county in 1873, and has ever aince followed the occupation of farming. In the spring of 1877 he boughteighty acres of land on section 26, Cass township, and has improved and cultivated it until he has one of the finest farms in the town- ship. Mr. Hunt was married in December, 1870, to Miss Ellen L. Uaxter, a daughter of C. and R. Baxter. They have been blessed with one child, Nathan Frank. Thomas J. Likens was born in Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania, on the 26lh day of November, 1847, being the sou of Jesse and Rachel (McConnell) Likens. In 1848 his parents removed to Stark county, Illi- nois, where his father farmed and kept a meat market, atid there Thomas was reared and educated. In the fall of 1857 he removed to Cass county, and located in Cass township, where he purchased his present farm on section 13. He owns eighty acres of land, nearly all under cul- tivation, and raises large herds of cattle and hogs. He has a fine young orchard, which will, in the course of a few years, be one of the finest in the township. On the 8th of October, 1877, Thomas was united in marriage with Miss Elmaza Murnan, a native of Indiana. Her par- ents, John and Sarah Ann Murnan, are -^; i^ 4 « k-. 526 ■^ — »!>>. HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. now residing in Lewis. Mr. and Mrs. Likens have one child, Myrtle, born on the 16th of December, 1882. Mr. Likens is an intelligent and successful man, and is honored and respected by all of his neighbors. The early settlement of Cass township together with the early events connected therewith, are in a manner, interwoven with the history of the villages of In- diantown, Iranistan and Lewis, and will necessitate to be related in connection with the annals of those places. OEGANIZATION. Cass township, which then composed the whole of the county, was first organ- ized as a township of Pottawattamie county in the fall of 1851, and an elec- tion held at that time, resulted in the choice of John Pettengill, as justice of the peace, and Elibu Pettengill as constable. Both of these parties were of the Mor- mon persuasion. Fifteen men voted at this election, and their names were as follows: Jeremiah Bradshaw, Victor M. Bradshaw, Jesse Hyatt, Lewis Hyatt, John Pettengill, Eiihu Pettengill, James Fer- ran, Joseph Ferran, Jacob Ferran, John D. Campbell, W. S. Townsend, A. J. Mil- schlagel. Weeks and Elliott. V. M. Brad- shaw was the clerk of the election. No record of this election exists as far as could be found, and the historians have had to depend upon the memories of those of the participants who are still living in the county. The election was held at the house of Jeremiah Bradshaw, in Indian- town. The vote stood fourteen Whigs and one Democrat, the latter party being represented by A. J. Milschlagel. lEANISTAN. This, the pioneer village of Cass county, was located on the northeast quarter of the southwest quarter of section 8, about two miles west of the present site of the town of Lewis. From the time of its birth until the location of the future county seat it was the principal trading point for all the settlers in, the neighbor- hood. This village and Indiantown were but a mile and a quarter apart, and there was considerable rivalry between them, but Iranistan, having been started first, held its own. F. E. Ball was the original owner of the site, but sold it to Stephen T. Carey, for $600. Carey laid out the town in the winter of 1852-3, and the plat was filed for record on the 1st of March, 1854. Carey was a resident of Council Bluffs, but when at Iranistan be boarded at the house of Nelson T. Spoor. In 1854 Nelson T. Spoor bought an in- tei'est in the town site and the mill, bat Mr. Carey dying the same year, the prop- erty passed into the hands of W.N. Dick- erson, a man by the name of Jones and others. > The construction of the saw mill was commenced in 1852, by F. E. Ball, but he shortly after sold it, with the town site, to S. T. Carey, who completed it in the spring of 1853. This was the first mill of any kind in the county, and was of great service in furnishing the settlers with what lumber they required. The first building erected in the town after the saw mill was commenced, was W. C. Croft's house, a temporary struc- ture. He kept boarders, among whom were the Buckwalters. -spy Ali HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 527 k. The blacksmith shop was the nextbuild- ing. It was built by George Shannon, who came from Ohio early in 1852, and cune to Lewis in 1853. lie was married while here, to Melinda Hedges, daughter of Peter Hedges, in the summer of 1854. Shannon went to California, by way of Pike's Peak in 1859. Peter Hedges' small hotel, LeanderMc- Carty's dwelling, and MuCarty's store, were built soon afterward, and all three were buildingabout lliesame lime. Taylor was the first school teacher in Iranistan; he taaght a short time in 1853, and was drowned while bathing. Leander McCarty carried a stock of gen- eral merchandise. He came from Win- terset early in 1853, with his family. As has been stated, Jeremiah Bradshaw was one of the pioneer merchants, of this town, having moved into the village in 1853, and continued here until 1861, when he sold out. Eber and William Buckwalter came to Iranistan from Philadelphia early in 1853. Tl ey took np their quarters at the resi- dence of W. C. Croft, the blacksmith, they being both single men. They had no settled occupation, but kept hotel, farmed and carried passengers to Council Bluffs. They went to Nebraska in 1858. O. O. Turner, came to Cass township in 1853, and settled on a farm near Iranis- tan. In 1855, he sold this place and mov- ing to Iranistan opened a saloon which he ran for two years. He removed to north- ■western Missouri about 18130. Dave Cooper was the only man who claimed to be a professional gambler in the early days at Iranistan. He came in 1863, and although he at once commenced an outlook for "greeneys" to practice his card-sharp arts upon, it is not recorded that he ever won any considerable amount of money, and, in fact, it is said he was nearly as often loser as winner. lie was a single man, and boarded at W. C. Croft's and H. K. Cranney's while at Iranistan; lie removed to Pyniosa township, and died there, at Brinkerlioof's house, in 1857. Dr. John Welch was the pioneer physi- cian of the county, and located at Iranis- tan daring the year 1853, and remained one year, when he departed for other quarters, the country being to sparsely settled, as yet, for him to thrive at his profession. Job Ilaworth kept a store at Iranistan in 1853-4, and in 1855 disposed of it to H. B. Jolly, who shortly after departed suddenly. William Cadwell, Samuel Peters and Caleb Brown, three carpenters, came to Iranistan in 1852 or 3, and are believed to be the first of that trade in the county. Peters and Brown were both violinists and furnished the music upon all festive occasions. In 1853-5, a good sized hotel was kept in this village by the Buckwalter Bros, and did quite a flourishing business. An- other hotel was, also, well patronized. John R. Kirk visited Iranistan in the summer of 1853, for the first time, having been in the country but a short time, and says he remarked to his brother-in-law, R. L>. McGeehon, who was with him that if the rough element that he saw at play were a specimen of the civilization which prevailed in Cass county, he would have to go back to Illinois. He did not go back, however, but soon became convinced ^ a k« 528 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. that the Iranistan roughs were not fair specimens of the county's citizensliip. Iranistan was a live place before Lewis was started, and in its palmy days had its horse races, foot races, and all kinds of athletic sports. On Saturday the people would gather from all the surrounding country, and it was always a busy day, as well for those who came to trade, as those whose purpose was amusement. It was fondly hoped that the town would go forward in the march of improvement and attain eminence as a city, but, alas, for the hopes of its founder, as the busi- ness of the town was swallowed up by the large town of Lewis, in 1856, the buildings being mostly moved to the lat- ter place, and Iranistan has quietly died out, and is now numbered with the things of the past. Where its streets were laid out, now nods the bending corn, orgolden grain, when the summers sun is high, and where its citizens trod, with the proud step of the metropolitan, now echoes only to the tread of lowing kine, or whistling ploughman. INDIANTOWN. The town with the above name was lo- cated on the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter of section 9, near the spot where stood the collection of wig- wams of the Pottawattamie Indians, known to them as Mi-auMise, or Little Miami, and to the whites, as the Indian town. On account of its being, in a meas- ure, the successor of this Indian village, the new town was known by name far and wide, while its more important rival, Iranistan, had but a local celebrity. Travelers would begin to inquire, we are told, for the Indiautown by the Nishna- botna, before they were within a hundred miles of the spot. Indiantown stood within a mile of the present site of Lewis, on the west side of the river. The land was originally owned by v. M. Conrad, but he sold it to W. N. Dickerson, who laid out the town, in the summer of 1853, filing the plat for record on the 10th of October, 1853. V. M. Conrad, shortly afterwards, laid out an addition to the town, which was placed upon the records of the county on the 27th of March, 1856. Mr. Conrad always took a great interest in the town, and felt aggrieved that the commissioners ap- pointed for the purpose did not select the embryo village for the county-seat, instead of locating it where there was no town or settlement. v. M. Conrad opened the first store in the new town in 1854, and kept a general stock of dry goods, grpceries, boots and shoes, etc. Tlie next merchant was John Cooper. He came later in 1854, and started in business, keeping a general stock. He was not the sole proprietor of the store, the firm being Rudisell and Cooper. Mr. Rudisell remained at Rockport, Missouri, from which town Cooper had come. The latter remained about eight months, and then went back to Rockport. When last heard from, he was keeping a land office iij a town north of Council Bluffs. Horatio Ferrell came to Indiantown late in 1854, and put in a small general stock. He run the store but a short time, and sold out to Mr. Conrad. He still managed to keep in business for about a year, part of the time in partnership with Mr. Conrad. He then went to teaming, vu — ^ !fc< HISTORF OF CASS COUNTY. 529 and in 1859 went to Colorado. A short time aftei- his return here he died at In- diantown. He had a wife and four chil- dren; the youngest, a boy, died at ludian- town; the rest were married. The blacksmithing of the town was done by Jacob Seltzer, who came from Ohio in 1855. He was a German, and his family, which was very 'arge, conversed mostly in that language among themselves. He remained in Indiantown about two years, and then went to Nebraska. Messrs. Brewster and Krewson kept a store at this place during a part of the year 1854. Messrs. Cook, Sargent and ITaycook had a real estate office at Indiantown in 1854, but did not continue for a very long time. These parties lived at Des Moines and Davenport. A. J. Millschlagel made a settlement near the site of Indiantown as early as the summer of 1851. A sketch of this pioneer having already been given in the chapter on the early settlement of the county, the reader is referred to that, as space forbids repetition. Philander and H. K. Cranny came to Indiantown in the first part of 1853. Philander was a shingle maker by trade, but devoted a good deal of his attention to dancing and giving lessons in the Terpsichorean art. He taught dancing in Mr. Conrad's house at first, and afterwards moved over to Iranistan, and taught danc- ing at Wilson Smith's house. II. K. Cranny located, with his family, on a farrti between Indiantown and Iran- istan, where he tilled the soil, doing very well. He was chosen clerk of the court in 1855, and held the position one term. In 1859, he and his brother Philander started west. In Nebraska he deserted his wife and went to Logan, Utah, where he became thoroughly Morraonized, tak- ing unto himself three wives. He com- menced practicing medicine there, and is now a prominent "doctor." R. C. Gordon came to Indiantown and bought a little house and lot, in the fall of 1855. He followed the occupation of freighting and teaming, and did a little farming. He removed, in the spring of 1871, to southern Kansas. He had a wife and family, and his daughter, Sarah, com- menced teaching school after they ar- rived in Kansas. These were about all the residents, and all the merchants who did business in Indiantown, and none now remain to take their place. A short time after the county seat was located at Lewis, all of the busi- ness, and most of the buildings at Indian- town, as well as Iranistan, were removed to the new town. LBWIS. "When the Fourth General Assembly of the State of Iowa ordered the organiza- tion of the county of Cass, on the 6th of December, 1853, Robert McGaven, of Pot- tawattamie county; Thomas G. Palmer, of Mills, and Milton Richards, of Fre- mont, were appointed as commissioners to locate the seat of justice of this county. They were ordered to meet on the first Monday in March, 1853, and transact this business, and to receive two dollars a day for the service, to be paid out of the pro- ceeds of lots in the said town. Two of the commissioners accordingly met, in pursuance of this order, and lo- cated the county seat on the east half of « k^ 530 -^ st? HISTORY OP CASS COUNTS'. *< the southeast quarter of section 10, and the west half of the southwest quarter of section 11, in township 75 north, range 37 west. The town site of Lewis belonged to the county, and the selling of lots in the town rested with the county judge. After the commissioners located the county seat, the settlement of the town began, and people began to remove from Iranistan to Lewis, even moving their buildings in most in- stances. Although the first house was built in Lewis by S. M. Tucker in 1853, the public sale of lots did not occur until October, 1855. At that sale the following were the buyers: S. M. Tucker, C. E. Woodward, J. E. Chapman, Moses Martin, Bevington and Hatchings, James Queen, Aaron Dolph, J. W. Benedict, J. M. Wat- son, Cornelius Soper,S. K. Shields, Joshua Bales, R. E. Gordon, David Hitchcock, S. Wilson, Bowater Bales, Barton Garvin, William S. Townsend, S. Mahan, S. K. Myers, Moses Shinn, W. B. Stone, the M. E. Church, J. S. Rand. The lots sold at from ten to seventy-six dollars apiece. The Methodist church and the pastor, Rev. J. S. Rand, paid ten dollars apiece for theirs. S. M. Tucker bought the first lot at fifty dollars and built the first house in the then new county seat, which house still stands. The lots were sold and the money handled by the county judge. O. O. Turner cried the sale, for which he was paid five dollars. The town was surveyed prior to the sale, and the plat of the same filed for record on the 6ih of February, 1854. An addi- tion to the town was surveyed, platted and filed for record by George M. Elsey, on the 9th of November, 1857. Dicker- son's addition was filed for record E'ebru- aro 1, 1858, by C. Soper, Westley Spur- lock, W. N. Dickerson and J. F. Deaver, and on the 4th of May, 1858, Evans and Macon, also, filed an addition to the town which bears their names. In the fall of 1865, a resurvey of the town of Lewis was made by the county and the plat filed on the 25th of February, 1866. The town now, with its various addi- tions covers the west half of the south- west quarter of section 11, the southeast quarter, the southeast quarter of the south- west quarter, and the east half of the north- east quarter of the southwest quarter of section 11, and the east half of the north- west quarter of the northwest quarter of section 14, or nearly three hundred and twenty acres in all. The business of Lewis, before the rail- road was built in, was done in what is now known as the "East End," about one-half mile from the present center of business. There are still standing there some eight or ten store buildings, as mementoes of the past. Some of these are now used for dwellings, while the remaindt-r are going to decay. Many buildings were removed to the west end when the business went there, and now only one establishment, of any kind, remains. That is the tin-store of E. L. D. Mardin. It is in the old build- ing once used by Yetzer and Wright as a grocery and hardware store, and their sign still adorns its front. The trade of Lewis is confined almost entirely to Main street, though some busi- ness is carried on on the side and cross streets. Main street is quite level from the rise above the depot for a considera ble distance towards the old town, though *7li r A ® i^ A HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 531 it, as well as the other streets, are slightly rolling furlhereast. Considering the popu- lation of the place, it has avery large pro- portion of elegant residences, and in that particular has the appearance of being in- habited largely by a class of citizens above the average in wealth. A number of re- tired farmers and land owners have locat- ed in the town. Perhaps the principal business of Lewis is in stock and grain, though the lumber interest is well repre- sented, and considerable mercantile trade is carried on, all the leading branches of trade having representatives. There are two hotels, the Commercial House and Pennsylvania House. The rink affords amusement to the young people, in the way of skating, and besides can be used for entertainments and dancing. Botna Hall is also devoted to the latter purposes. The railroad runs diagonally through the town from south- west to northeast, and in the north part is below the grade of the streets. In 1853, S. M. Tucker built the first house in Lewis. It is a frame structure, about 16x24 feet in size, one story in height. It is still standing, in the south- east part of town, and is owned by J. N. Martin, but is unoccupied at present. The first store Lewis had was that of Dr. Buckham. He came here from Rock- port, Missouri, in 1854, and put in what was then considered quite a large stock of general merchandise, three or four rods outside of the present limits of Lewis, just opposite where S. H. Tefft's residence now stands. He had a family but they remained in Missouri. While living here he was well liked, and was considered fair in his dealings. He sold out in 1856, to Charles Woodward, and went back to Rockport, where he was living at last accounts. Isaac Dickerson ran the next store, and the first one actually situated in Lewis. The building was about 20x30 feet, and had been moved over from Iran- istan, where it was known as the McCarty store. It was opened up in 1855, with a fair stock of dry goods, groceries, etc., and Mr. Dickerson was the proprietor un- til 1856, when James F. Deavers, who had come over from Oskaloosa, took control. Deavers kept the store about a year, then closed it out, and went to keeping res- taurant and saloon. This he continued one winter, and then went into the brick- making business. In 1859 he discontin- ued this to again start a saloon. This was in the east end of town. He went to Colorado during the mining excitement of 1860. John M. Ripley came to Lewis in 1854, and the house which he then erected was tiie best in the place. He also put up a store, in which he placed a good line of tinware, in partnership with a man named Page. As he did not stay long, the peo- dle did not have much of an opportunity to get acquainted with him, and hence not much is remembered. E. W. Bartlett was also among the first merchants of Lewis; he kept a general store; Joseph Warnock started in the gro- cery business; then George Elsey, general stock, commenced business. Keyes and Peck bought out Bartlett,and increased the stock largely; E. W. Henderson and M. T. Jones each commenced business about the same time, both having general stocks; ^^s r- ■^W 532 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. these stoves were all started in 1855 and early in 1856. M. T. Jones afterwards bought the Lewis mill, and conducted its affairs and his mercantile business until his death, which event occurred in Lewis in 1863. Cliilds and Chapel then took the mercan- tile business, and Keyes and Peck the mill. E. W. and Daniel Bartlett were broth- ers. They came to Lewis in 1856, and E. W. started in the mercantile business soon after his arrival. This he carried on until the following year, when he erected a steam saw-mill on section 2, Cass township, lie ran it a short time, and then sold it to E. W. Davenport. E. W. Davenport came to Lewis in 185Y, from Massachusetts. He and L. W. Ross bought the steam saw-mill which had been erected by E. W. Bartlett, and put it up in Pottawattamie county, about a half or three-quarters of a mile over the line, and ran it there till 1802. In the meantime Mr. Davenport had acquired sole proprie- torship of the mill, and in 1862 he remov- ed it to Lewis, and ran it one season. In the spring of 1864, he removed it to Eight- Mile Grove, and ran it a sl-ort time, and then sold it. He removed to Council Bluffs. He was a n.arried man, but had no children. He was county surveyor in 1861 and 1862, and was known as a good surveyor. Mrs. Davenport was a fine teacher, and taught in Lewis. E. W. Henderson came to Lewis in 1858, and embarked in the dry goods and hardware trade, butfailed in 1859, and re- moved to Colorado. A sketch of Mr. H. is given under the head of clerk of courts, in the Representative chapter, in a pre- ceding part of this work, he having filled that office. Among the arrivals of 1857, in the town of Lewis, was Samuel Disbrow, who open- ed a blacksmith shop, which he is still running. When he came here, he found two shops of this kind in operation, one kept by R. Temple, the pioneer black- smith, and the other by a man by the name of Ford. The latter removed from this locality shortly after Mr. Dis- brow opened his forge, and Temple moved to Red Oak, Montgomery county, in 1861, where he now lives. Mr. Disbrow loca- ted at first in the west end of the town, where he remained eight years, then mov- ing to the east end, but in May, 1881, he again removed to the west end, removing the blacksmith and wagon shop adjoining. The former is 20x46 feet in ground area. Mr. Disbrow does horse-shoeing and gen- eral blacksmithing. Samuel Disbrow is a native of Schoharie county. New York, — born June 21, 1822. His parents were James and Polly (Knajip) Disbrow, natives of Connecticut. They removed to Lorain county, Ohio, when Samuel was four years of age. There he was reared and educated, and remained until 1854. He then went to Van Wirt county ,of the same State, where he resided till 1857. In that year he came to Cass county, Iowa, and located at Lewis. He learned his trade at Wellington, Oliio. Mr. Disbrow was married in La Grange county, Ohio, April 27, 1844, to Miss Orilla Langdon, a native of Schoharie county, New York. They have four children — Levi E., Helen A., Horace and Dellmer S. Mr. Disbrow is a member of the Masonic fraternity, in which he has .|v Jk, l\^ HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. 533 held all of the pffioes, except that of Mas- ter. Hiu parents both died in Ohio, his father in the fall of 1858, and his mother in 1850. Mr. Disbrow is much respected, as an old resident and a worthy citizen. Levi E. Disbrow, son of Samuel, was born August 24, 1847, in Lorain county, Ohio, and was ten years old when his par- ents removed to Cass county. He learned the blacksmith's trade early from his father, and in 1868 commenced as a jour- neyman in his father's employ. He con- ducted a photograph gallery from 1874 to 1877, tben closed out ,the business, and went again to blacksmithing. He was married in Lewis, June 26, 1870, to Nellie Grant, a native of Illinois. They have four children — Minnie, Roy, Lulu and Rachel. Their child Willie died at the age of one and one-half years. Thomas A. Hardenbergh came to Lewis in 1859, and remained there till 1864, when he removed to his present location, in Atlantic township. The Atlantic Southern Railroad was built through Lewis in 1880, the grading having been done in 1879. The depot is a nice frame structure. E. S. Phillips is agent for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad com- pany. He was born at Deerfield, Massa- chusetts, in November, 1854. His parents were S. C. and Rosie (Ballard) Phillips, the latter of English descent. S. C. Phillips was, by occupation, a contractor and builder. He now resides in Gill, Massachusetts. The subject of this sketch grew to manhood and obtained his educa- tion in his native State, attending Powers' institute at Bernardston. He subsequent- ly taught school and penmanship. He also learned the carpenter's trade, of his father, and followed the same for three years. In 1877 be went to Chicago, where he was employed for a few months, in the freight office of the railroad company above mentioned. He then went to Shelby, Iowa. Here he was station agent in the employ of the same company, two years, after which he came to Lewis, where he is at present agent and telegraph operator. Mr. Phillips was married in Lewis, December 4, 1883, to Jessie Myers. Mr. and Mrs. Phillips have one child— Rassy B. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. During his residence here, Mr. Phillips has, by his strict attention to business and polite and gentlemanly treat- ment of the public generally, gained many warm friends. Thegradingforthe Kansas City,Atlantic and Northern railroad, was finished in 1883, from a point three miles below Lewis to Atlantic, and runs parallel with the At- lantic Southern, or C. R. I. and P. branch. PRESENT BUSINESS INTERESTS. Lewis has a flourishing trade, and num- bers among its merchants some of the largest dealers, and most enterprising business men in Cass county, and who have, many of them, helped to make the town what it is, one of the trade centers of this section of the country. The fol- lowing account of the different mercan- tile houses will not be without interest to the general reader, while to the trades- man and business man, it will be an in- valuable guide, in many ways: In 1864, the firm of S. M. Childs and Company, commenced the dry goods trade in the east end of town. In 1867, L. O. Reinig bought the interest of Mr. Chapel, ^r^ l^ 534 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. the "Company" of the firm, and the busi- ness was conducted by Messrs. Reinig and Childs, until 1879. In the meantime, in the winter of 1868-69, the firm estab- lished a store in Atlantic, just after the railroad had been built into that place. In 1879 the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Reinig taking the Lewis store, and Mr. Childs the Atlantic business. From that time until 1881, Mr. Reinig conducted the business alone, when he took in Messrs. R. C. Kennedy and W. J. Wood- ward, as partners. Since that time the style of the firm has been L. O. Reinig and Company. They handle a general stock of merchandise, including dry goods, clothing, boots and shoes, etc. The firm is known as one of the largest in their line of business, in the county, and their store is a credit to Lewis. Their trade extends far into adjoining town- ships, and into Pottawattamie county. Their good? fill up a building twenty- four by eighty feet in dimensions, and two stories in height. The upper floor is used principally for a carpet show and sales- room. L O. Reinig is a son of John M. and Johanna Reinig, and was born in the Rhine province, Germany, November 5, 1841. In 1850 he emigrated with his par- ents to America, locating in New York city. Two years later they removed to Attica, Wyoming county. New York, where the subject of this sketch was par- tially educated. In 1855 they moved to Lancaster, Fairfield county, Ohio; there he completed his education, and in 1857, came to Iowa with his brother, who had been in business in Ohio. They located at Dt's Moines. In the, spring of 1862, L. O. Reinig went south,«wa8 connected with the army until 1865; then went to New York city, where he was offered a position as salesman in a wholesale house, remaining there until the fall of 1867, at which date he came to Cass county,and located atLewis,engaging in the dry goods trade. His parents died in Des Moines, his father in December, 1879, and at the age of eighty-two years; his mother in February, 1882, aged seventy-nine years. L. O. Reinig was married in Lewis, November 8, 1869, to Laura J. Wood- ward, a daughter of one of the early set- tlers of this county. They have two chil- dren living— Frederick Woodward and Hugh Marshall. They lost one child in infancy. Mr. Reinig owns real estate in Lewis, a farm in Bear Grove township, and land in Sioux county. He was the second mayor of Lewis, succeeding Mr. Stuart, who was the first. He is a mem- ber of the Masonic order, and has held the offices of president, director and sec- retary of the school board. He is one of the prominent business men of Lewis, and a highly respected citizen. R. C. Kennedy was born in Washing- ton county, Pennsylvania, May 19, 1849, and is a son of William and Rachael (Carson) Kennedy, the former of whom was born in the same county, and the latter, in Lancaster county of the same State. William Kennedy died in 1881. His widow is still living in Washington county. R. C. Kennedy was educated in his native county, where he lived upon a farm until he came to Iowa and settled at Lewis, Cass county, in 1869. He engaged with Childs & Reinig, with whom he con- tinued till 1880, since which he has been HISTORY OF CASS COUNTF. 635 a partner of L. O. Reinig, in general mer- chandising. Mr. Kennedy was married in June, 1882, to Carrie Gardner, a native of Illinois, and daughter of Will- iam A. and Lucretia Gardner. He be- longs to the I. O. O. F., and is one of Lewis' most enterprising and popular business men. W. J. Woodward, of the firm of L. O. Reinig & Co., is a son of Jehu and Jane (Marshall) Woodward, pioneers of Cass county, who came here in 1856, and settled on a farm near Lewis. W. J. Wood- ward was born, January 18, 1844, in Trumbull county, Ohio. He came here with his parents in 1856, remaining with them on the farm until 1870, excepting one year in the array. He then engaged in the grocery business in Lewis, which he continued till 1876. In September, 1880, he purchased an interest in the bus- iness of the Arm above mentioned, since which time he has been engaged in mer- cantile trade. Mr. Woodward was united in marriage, July 15, 1871, with B. J. Strong, a native of Oneida, Madison county. New York. They have two children — Theodore W. and Adolph S. Mr. Woodward is a member of the I, O. O. F. C. W. Baker commenced the general merchandise business in 1869, at the east end of town, and removed to the east side of the new square in 1880. He handles clothing, gents' furnishing goods, boots and shoes, jewelry, etc. C. W. Baker was born in Maine, in 1823. He came to Iowa in 1853, and to Cass county early in 1858, locating in Lewis. In February, 1858, he made the first set of harness ever made in Cass county, for Dr. Carey. He was married in Lewis, January 1, 1862, to Sarah Allen. They have two children. He is a member of the Masonic Order. The business now carried on by Per- kins & Wherry was established by Alex- ander McKinney. In February, 1881, D. M. Perkins bought a half interest, and March 10, 1882, the other half. On May 28, 1882, J. P. Wherry purchased a half interest in the business, and no changes have been made in the proprie- ship since that time. They handle a general stock, including dry goods, gro- ceries, boots and shoes, crockery, flour and feed. Their building is 20x70 feet. MoEndree and Son are also engaged in the mercantile trade in Lewis, handling a stock of dry goods and clothing. The first hardware sold in Lewis was by Joseph C. Yetzer. He conducted that business in connection with his general trade. • S. F. Martin kept the first exclusive hardware store in Lewis. The largest hardware and stove store in Lewis, and one which would do credit to a place of much greater pretensions, is that of Kennedy Bros. This firm is composed of W. A. Kennedy and D. C. Kennedy, both well known in every en- terprise having for its ohjnct the advance- ment of the interests of their town and county. The business was started by C. C. Reynolds in the old east end of town, in 1871, and when the railroad was built into Lewis, he erected the building now occupied by the firm, and removed his stock to it. In September, 1880, the pre- sent proprietors purchased the stock and building. The latter is 46x75 feet in di- r J« Al^ 536 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. mensions, and two stories in height. It is well stocked with a thoroughly cotn- jilete line of light and heavy hardware, of every kind, stoves, tinware, lanterns, backets, tubs, etc. Their specialty in stoves is the Riverside, both heating and cooking. The firm also has a building in the rear of their store, for the storage and sale of agricultural implements. This building is 22x50 feet in size, and con- tains all the latest and best improvements in farm machinery. William A. Kennedy was born in Wash- ington county, Pennsylvania, December 4, 1842, his parents being William and Rachel (Carson) Kennedy. He was reared and educated in his native State, and on the 25lh of March, 1869, was mar- ried to Maria Case, from Lee county, Iowa. They have two children — W. Homer and M. Ethelwyn. A daughter, Bessie, died when two years old. Mr. Kennedy en- listed in the army raised for the preserva- tion of the Union during the "great Amer- ican conflict," in May, 1861, in the Twelfth Pennsylvania Infantry. Septembers, 1861, he re-enlisted in company K, First Penn- sylvania Cavalry, and by Governor Curtin was commissioned first lieutenant. They were assigned duly in the army of the Potomac, and he was under Pleasanton and Sherman, also with the Cavalry Corps under Sheridan when they almost reached the gates of Richmond. He was wounded just before the battle of Cold Harbor, by a gun shot wound through the head, just between two arteries, which was a narrow escape from almost instant death. Not- withstanding this disability he was able to rejoin his command, and was honorably discharged in September, 1864, at Phila- delphia, lie is a member of the I. O. O. F., having passed through the chairs of that organization, and is now secretary of the Legion of Honor. He is also a mem- ber of the G. A. R., and has been quarter- master of the post, ever since its organiza- tion. He came to this county with his brother, D. C, in October, 1865, settled in Cass township, and was engaged in farming until entering into business in the village of Lewis. W. A. Gardner is one of the hardware dealers of Lewis. The business was start- ed by Steele and Hamlin, on the east side of the square, in August, 1880. After three months there, they removed to the present location on Main street. They had been in that place some three months when Mr. Steele purchased Mr. Hamlin's interest, and in a short time sold it to W. A. Gardner. The latter became sole owner by purchase, June 23, 1884. He handles light and heavy hardware, stoves, tinware, etc. The building is 20x70 feet in size, and two stories high. He has an imple- ment store, 25x60 feet. W. A. Gardner was born in Middlesex county, Massachu- setts, in 1830. He grew up to manhood there, and in 1815 removed to Illinois. During the same year he removed to Grinnell, Iowa, and was in the hardware business three years in that place, then followed farming until he came to Lewis. He was married in 1857 to Selena Andos. They have two children — Carrie (Ken- nedy), and Edwin. Their child William, died in 1860, aged seven months. Mr. Gardner is a member of the Masonic or- der. Dr. M. J. Davis commenced the drug business in 1 867, in partnership with James IV HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 537 Morris. This partnership lasted six months when Dr. Davis bougiit the interest of Morris. He tlien carried on the business until July 1, 1869, when Dr. Findley, now of Atlantic, purcliased an interest. This partnership continued some eighteen months, when Dr. Findley sold out to W. W. Walton, in the spring of 1871. In the summer of 1876 Dr. Davis purchased the interest of Mr. Walton, and since then has been sole proprietor. His building measures 20x50 feet. He handles a fine line of drugs of all kinds, druggist's sun- dries and fancy articles, paints, oils, lamps, wall paper, cigars, school books, etc. He is known as one of the public spirited men of Lewis. Dr. E. B. Downs commenced the drug business in Lewis in July, 1880, at his present location, on Main street. At that time he erected the building, at present occupied by him, which is 22x40 feet in dimensions. He handles a general line of drugs, and some school books, and at- tends in person to prescriptions. Dr. Downs was born in Berkeley county., Virginia, in 1827, and is a son of Charles and Anna Downs. He received his pre- liminary education in Virginia and Mary- land. He attended three terms at Dick- inson college, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and then engaged in the mercantile business in Virginia. In 1861 he studied medicine with Dr. Fiser, near Toledo, Ohio, and in 1862 he attended medical lectures at Cin- cinnati Medical college. He has practiced in several counties in Iowa, and also in Missouri, but since coming to Lewis has devoted his attention to the drug business. He was married in 1868 to Jennie Okell. They have four children. H. A. Gifford runs the only furniture and undertaking establishment in Lewis. The business was commenced by C. F. Hamlin, in March, 1880, and Mr. GifEord bought the business in March, 1883, and has continued the same since that time. He handles furniture of all kinds, parlor, kitchen, etc.; also wall paper, curtains and picture frames. A. H. GifEord carries on the sewing machine and organ business in the same building. S. R. Barhite commenced business in the east end of town in 1879, and in 1881 removed the building and contents to its present location, near the west end. The stock consists of groceries, queensware, glassware, etc. Tlie building is twenty by thirty feet in dimensions. Jones & Shindley is the style of a firm which does a considerable portion of the meat business in Lewis. The business was established by Horace Baker. He sold to W. A. Terry, Sr., who continued the trade till 1880, and then disposed of it to W. A. Terry, Jr., and C. B. Halsey, who conducted the business one year un- der the name of Terry & Halsey; then Mr. Halsey purchased Mr. Terry's inter- est, and ran the shop for one year. In the winter of 1S82, A. IT. Cliase took the building, which had just been vacated," and put in a stock of groceries. In the spring he closed out the business, and the place remained vacant till April 9, 1884, when Lowe and Jones comraejiced the meat business in it. In September, 1884, M. E. Shindley bought Mr. Lowe's inter- est, making the firm Jones and Shindley. Mr. Jones has also been engaged for years in the machinery business, and still han- 34 538 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. k* dies the Enterprise wind mill, pnmps, pipe and fittings. J. R. Jones, Jr., is a native of Utica, New York, and a son of J. R. and Aman- tliis E. (Newell) .Jones. J. R. Jones, Sr., is a native of Westchester county, New York. Mrs. Amanthis E. Jones was born in LTtica, where she died in 1853, at the age of forty-one years. When the subject of this sketch was fourteen years of age bis parents removed to Iowa county, Wiscon- sin, where he resided sixteen years, en- gaged principally in farming. lie came from that county, to Cass county, Iowa, in the summer of 1878, and in the follow- ing fall his father also came. They lo- cated in Lewis, where they have since re- sided. Mr. Jones was married in Iowa county, Wisconsin, October 25, 1869, to Eiizibeth 13. Bainbridge, a native of that State. Her father, William Bain- bridge, was one of the earliest settlers in Dubuque, and is now a resident of Iowa couiiiy, Wisconsin, where he operates a grist mill. Mr. and Mrs. Jones have four children living — Mary B, John R., Julia E., and Louisa A. One daughter, Carrie A., died April 30, 1883, at the age of twelve years. The meat market of M. W. Sumers is located on Main street, and furnishes the best of fresh meats to the inhabitants of Lewis and vicinity. The building is 18x48 feet in dimensions, and well ap- pointed. The business was commenced in the spring of 1884. In October, 1879, the grain and stock firm of Myers, Harris & Robberts com- menced business in Lewis, and built an elevator, in the following summer. In August, 1881, Mr. Myers withdrew from the partnership, and the firm remained Harris & Hobberts until 1883, when Mr. Robberts retired, and since that time W. J. Harris has conducted the business alone. His elevator is 28x42 feet, and twenty-six feet in height, with an annex 24x32 feet in dimensions. Its full capac- ity is 10,000 bushels. Mr. Harris also has corn cribs which will hold 50,000 bushels. He ships mostly to Chic.igo. C. E. Myers, was born in St. Law- rence county,- New York, on the 2 1st of February, 184tj, and is the son of Benja- min and Jennie Myers. His mother died in New York, while his father is still liv- ing with him. Charles E. was reared in New York, and there remained until six- teen years of age, when he went into the army. He enlisted in company D., One Hundred and Sixth New York Infantry, and was assigned with his regiment to the Sixth Corps. He participated in the engagements of Cold Harbor, in the whole fight at the Wilderness, at Win- chester, Cedar Creek, Siilor's Run, Pe- tersburg, Manor Junction, fall of Rich- mond and at Lee's surrender. He was discharged on the 3d of July, 1865, in New York. He remained in that State until 18U9, when he came to Grinnell, Iowa, and was there engaged in the gfrain busi- ness nearly ten years. He then came to Lewis and has since been engaged in his present business. Mr. Myers was married in 1808, to MissMerilla Shirland, a native of New York. They have two children — Wilber and Orson. Mr. M. is a promi- nent member of the Masonic order of Lewis and Atlantic. The lumber and coal office of I. W. Baker is located on Main street, not far ^ ^u ?w HISTORY OF CASS COUN TY. 589 from the depot. lie commenced the bus- iness in January, 188]. He carries about $6,000 worth of stock in his yards. Ilis trade is principally from the southeast, and extendi several miles from Lewis. J. W. Balcer was born in Jersey county, Illinois, February 22. 1843, bis parents being Ira and Sarah Baker. The family, when J. W. was about seven years old, removed to Chicago and there remained one yeai*, then returned to Lee county, Illinois. The most of the life of the sub- ject of this sketch was spent in the coun- try, and he received a limited education iu the common schools of the "Sucker State." He is a person of natural busi- ness tact, and in 1868 went to La Salle county and engaged in mercantile trade, handling groceries, dry goods, etc. In 1877 he returned to Lee county and there remained until coming to Iowa in Jan- uary, 1881. lie was married in La Salle county in November, 1878, to Anna E. McDonell, a native of Pennsylvania. They have three children— Charles E., Bertha A. and Willie O. Mr. liaker is a member of the Baptist church at Lewis, and a man who has the respect of the community in which he lives. E. J. Porter, blacksmith, came to Lewis in March, 1881, and went to work for John H. Winn. In February, 1884, Mr. Porter took possession of the shop. He does blacksmithing and horseshoeing. The shop is 22x36 feet in dimensions. E. C. Newcomb opened a photograph gallery in Lewis in May, 1881, and sold it March, 1883, to George Adams, who converted it into a portable gallery. When Mr. Newcomb started it, he had the first stationary gallery ever in Lewis. T. Worthington, proprietor of the lead- ing bakery and restaurant of Lewis, opened business here in June, 1881, at his present stand. He keeps on hand a fine and complete line of canned goods, con- fecftionery, cigars, tobacco and everything nsually found in a first-class establish- ment of that kind. He was born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, September 14, 1830, and is a son of Seth and Cynthia (Good) Worihington, both of whom were natives of Germany. They are now deceased. Mr. Worthington lived in Pennsylvania till nineteen years of age, then moved to Ohio and engaged in a brewery in Col- umbus. He remained there one and a half years, then went to Keokuk, Iowa, and there engaged in a carriar^e making establishment, having learned that trade in Philadelphia. From Keokuk he went to Grinnell in the same State, wiiere he was in the livery business for a number of years, after which he opened a carriage shop which business he carried on until the date of his coming to Cass county. He owns his store building and is doing :i prosperous busitiess. He was married • in Warren, Lee county, Iowa, in October, 1854, to Sarah C. Harris. They have four children— Mary A., Susan F., Carrie ' B. and Nellie M. Mr. Worthington is a , member of the board of trustees of Lewis, also belongs to the I. O. O. F., the A. O. U. W. and the I. L. II E. C. Newcomb commenced the res- taurant business August 8, 1883. Ilis building is 18x40 feet in dimensions. He also does gold, silver and nickel plating. Mrs. H. Langdon, milliner, commenced business in the east end of town in 1876, and removed to her present location in "Tu r 540 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. the west end, when the railroad was built in. Iler place of business is ISx'iO feet in ditnen-iions. The stock carried by this lady is quite complete. Mrs!. R)ya,l U, also, a representative of the millinery business of Lewis. Misses Campbell and Worthington, dressmakers, occupy a commodious build-, ing near Main street, and are kept busy in the making of attractive costumes for the ladies of Lewis and vicinity. S. A. Keil is the shoemaker of Lewis. He came in 1883 from Iowa county. He makes boots to order, and also keeps a teady-made stock. Hiram J. Graham was born in Mont- gomery county; New York, in ] 822, and is the son of Iliram Graham. He was reared iri that county, and in 1843 went to Ful- ton county, Illinois. He was in the mer- cantile business. In August, 1865, he caiile to Lewis, and located land in this and afljoining counties. He went to Col- orado in 1859, and returned to Lewis in 1868. He was mirried in 1853 to Ellen Dean, in New York. They have five children. Mr. Graham is a farmer and Surveyor. A. A. Case was born in Ashtabula c6unty, Ohio, January 10, 1812, his parents being A. and Cynthia (Chapel) Case. He was reared in that County, and was mar- ried there in 1837 to Maria A. Tuttle. In 1839 he removed to Portage county, Ohio, where their first child, Persia M., was born. In 1840 he removed to Lee county, Iowa; in 1857 he came out and located land in Cass and Pottawattamie counties, and went back and brought out his fam- ily, locating at Iranistan in 1858. Since coming to Iowa seven children have been born to them — H. M., Henry L., Harlan P., Howard, Maria J., Alice and Mary A. The two latter have since died. From 1872 to 1878 the family resided at Atlan- tic, since which time they haVe lived in Lewis. B\NK OF LBWIS. L. O. Reinig established this bank, which was the first in the town, in 1879, immediately after he dissolved partner- ship with Mr. Childs. It is a private bank, and does a regular commercial busi- ness. He buys and sells exchange on Europe, as well as on American banks. Many people of the contiguous territory in Pottawattamie and Montgomery coun- ties transact their monetary business at this bank. The size of the building is 20x40 feet, two stories in height. HOTELS. The construction of the first hotel in Lewis was commenced in the spring of 1854, and the building was finished and occupied the same fall. S. K. Myers was the pioneer landlord. His house had no name, but was well known, at it was made the stage station. Myers kept the hotel, two years, when Charles Baldwin pur- chased it. He gave it the name of the Henderson House, in ho^or of one of Lewis' prominent merchants. Mr. Bald- win kept it some years, and T. K. Chapel took charge. In 1866, Peter Hedges bought it, and presided as landlord for about two years. B. Parker Lewis was the last host of the Henderson House, for it burned down while occupied by him and his. S. K. Myers, the pioneer hotel-keeper of Lewis, came from Wisconsin in the fall of 1854. He had a wife and child. ^ s^ ■■. B. i>-;ajl ^ .y jU« y^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 541 His cbild Lewis was the first born in Lewis, and was so-called in honor of the town. Mr. Myers was well liked by the towns-people, and kept fair accomraoda- tions for travelers at this hotel. He re- mained until 1856, when he went to Au- dubon county, where lie was living at last accounts. He was tax-collector the last year he lived in Lewis. The old Union House was built in 1859, by Charles Baldwin. Its first landlord was David Johnson, who did not keep it a great while. Joseph Everly was the next in that capacity, and while he was there, Jeremiah Bradshaw kept a picture gallery in the building. The house clianged bands very rapidly after this, until March, 1863, when G. I. Chizura took charge, and ran it one year; Frank Wiiitney had it the next year; then S. Shields took charge, and continued the business till 1866, when it was destroyed by fire. The Commercial House is located near the center of business, and is patronized largely by the traveling community. It was erected by J. W. Fu^on, in 188(i, just after the railroad was built into Lewis. Mr. Fuson conducted the business about two years. The next landlord was Wil- liam Sturtzel, who presided as host until March, WBi. At that time the present proprietor, M. W. Sumers, took control, and also purchased the building and grounds from the owners. Barton and Labman. Since then improvements have been made in its appointments, and the traveler can now feel at home at the Com- mercial. It has twenty-four rooms, with spacious dining room and complete culin- ary department. C. T. Sumers was born in Hesse Darm- stadt, June 25, 1824, and is a son of Charles and Maria (Lap) Sumers. When be was eight years of age, his parents em- igrated to America, and settled at Janes- ville, Muskingum county, Ohio, where they remained three years, then moved "to Sandusky county, of the same State. Shortly after, they moved to Seneca coun- ty, also in Ohio, where tbfy resided till 1850. It was in that county that C. T , the subject of this sketch, obtained his ed- ucation. In 1850 he returned to Janes- ville, and then engaged in mercantile business, which he continued six months, then went to Lexington, Perry county, and engaged in the same business. One year later be moved bis stock of goods to Zanesville and continued business two years. He then went back to Lexington and remained until the fall of 1858, then again to Janesville, and two years later, went to California. He resided in that Stale four and one-half years, engaged during the time, in different occupations, lie returned to Zanesville, Ohio, and pur- chased an interest in a meat market and grocery, and remained there three years, then went to Columbus, Ohio, and within a. year removed to Cass county, Iowa, lie located on a farm and commenced business by breaking eighty acres. The following year be went to Atlantic and opened a meat market, which be run three months, then returned to his farm and remained one year, then again moved to Atlantic and engaged in running a a meat market, and grocery, continuing one year and then dropped the meat and put in a stock of hardware and agricul- tural implements. During the time he ap* ,*>!■* 542 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. erected a large store building intliat city. He occupied this buiidirg for two year, when he sold his stock of goods. lie then rented iiis property here and went to Red CliflE, Colorado, where he built a hotel, which he run two and a half years, whe'n it was consumed by fire. He re- turned then, to his farm in this county, upon which he lived one year, then sold and came to Lewis and- engaged in his present business. Mr. Sumers was mar- ried January, 7, 1845, to Miss Kinehart, a native of .Pennsylvania. They had six children, five of whom are living — Ma- til,da, Lucinda,CliarIes,Maria and Samuel. One son, George, was a member of the Twenty-second Regiment of Ohio In- , fantry, and was killed by sharp-shooters at Vicksburg, while engaged in digging entrenchments.. Mr. Sumers was married to his present wife, Mary W. Johnson, Se,ptember 18, 1865. He has been a jus- tice of; the peace, two years, and is a member of tlie Atlantic Lodge, No. 175, I. ,0. O. F, Mr. Sumers and family, like all pioneers, endured many hardships and privations, during the early years which they spent in Cass county,, and the family, particularly his wife, were very homesick, longing to return to their home iu Ohio, but this feeling gradually wore away until Mrs. Sumers declared, on returning from a visit to Ohio,tliat her home in Cass coun- ty was far preferable to her former one in that State, and that for no ordinary in- ducement would she return there to re- main permanently. The Pennsylvania House was built for a boarding school and was purchased by Frank H. Whitney, in 1866. He ran it as a hotel till December, 1867. Mr. Myers had bought it in August preceding, but did not take possession till December. Trade was booming then, and in the spring of 1868 the house was made the station of the Western Stage company. Mr. Myers has run the hotel since that time. 'J'he house has a goodly number of rooms, and furnishes comfortable accom- modations to guests. Henry Myers is a native of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, born March 20, 1817, He is a son of Jacob and Mary (Toot) Myers, of whom the former died in June, 1883, aged eighty-nine years, and the latter in 1874, at the age of seventy-seven. Both were natives of Pennsj^lvania, where they died. Henry Myers resided upon a farm in the neighborhood of Gettysburg, until he removed to Cass county in the spring of 1867. A division of the Union army was encamped on his land both before and after the memorable battle which occurred at that place. He had at that time, 7,500 rails burned, horses stolen and crops de- stroyed. In consequence of his losses he sold his property there, and came, as be- fore stated, to Cass county. He had pre- viously traded for two hundred and forty acres of land in Cass county, the same amount in Calhoun county, and one hun- dred and twenty.acres in Harrison county, and eighty acres in Pottawattamie county. He located on Seven-Mile creek, and that year purchased Frank Whitney's hotel. He then returned to the East for his family. He has since that time been en- gaged in keeping the Pennsylvania House, at Lewis. He was married in Pennsylva- nia, in 1837, to Lydia Eppley, a native of York county, Pennsylvania. By this union there were thirteen children : Mary '•^^s r- ri^ HISTORY OF CASS COUKTY. 543 Margaret, married to Albert L. Barr, a native of Pennsylvania; Ann Eiizahotii Jane, who died infancy; liis two eldest sons, Jacob E. and John A. B., were in the Union array during the rebellion. Neither of them were of age when they enlisted. Jacob E. was a number of the Third Maryland Cavalry, and Johu A. B. of the One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. Both served three years. The other children by this marriage, who are living, are : Isaac D., Belle .lannette, wife of D. W. Woodward, and James II. T. Of those deceased, six died in Pennsylvania, of dipththeria. Their names were : Ann Elizabeth, Edward D. S., Ella Virginia, Sam. F. Dr, Lillie Sue and Albert Wil- liams, all of whom died between the twenty-first and twenty-seventh days of January, 1861. Mrs. Myers died Septem- ber 25, 1859. Mr. Myers was married September 4, 1860 to B. Lizzie Eppley, a native of Adams county Pennsylvania. By this marriage there were seven children, three of whom are living : Cora May, married to Calvin F. Duphorn ; Luther O. and Jessie Kate, married to £. S. Phillips, a native of Massachusetts. The other four are dead. Their names were George McClellan,Kate Eppley, Julia Grace and Linnie Sophia. Mr. Myers is a member of the Congregational church, and has been a member of the Odd Fel- lows' organization since 1844. SKATING KINK AND' OPERA HOUSE. In June, 1884, M. W. Sumers com- menced the construction ol the Lewis skating rink, with the object of furnish- ing amusement to the young people of the town, and the building was rapidly pushed to completion. In size it was 30x86 feet, and fifteen feetfrcm floor to ceiling. A stage 16x30 feet been constructed in the rear end of the rink, so that it can be transformed into an opera hall when oc- casion requires. The rink is well sup- plied with the best of roller ^kates, and there is a disposition on tlie part of the young people to show their appreciation of the efforts iu their behalf by liberal patronage. HIIL. The water power facilities afforded Lewis and vicinity were early recognized, and was taken advantage of iu lt'66, by Keyes, Peck and Company, who built a dam, and constructed a grist mill. After conducting the business a short time, they disposed ol the mill to M. T.Jones, who was then in the merchandise business in Lewis. Mr. Jones continued the business until hisde.Uh occuired, in ]8fi3, when the mill reverted to Keyes and Peck. They did not keep it long, but sold to S. M. B. Wheeler, the present proprietor. Ad- ditions and improvements have been made from lime to time, but the mill is not supplied with the late improvements in machinery, and until these are put in the water power will continue to be the mosix, valuable part of the plant. Tlie dam is about eighty feet in width, and nine feet in height, furnishing a very valuable power. The building is 30x60 feet in di- mensions, and three stories high. The business done is mostly custom woik, though some flour is made for the trade. Mr. Wheeler has retained the ownership of the mill since his first purchase, but has rented it out part of the lime. J^ jl«- HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. S51 k. -methods of instruction as the present. Miss Lord is decidedly conservative and to this class belongs the merit of check- ing the tendency to adopt untried meth- ods. She has fifty-three pupils, teaches them thoroughly and has been connected with the school since 1879. Miss Elizabeth Little, daughter of Rev. Charles Little, pastor of the Lewis Con- gregational Church, teaches the classes in the sixth, seventh, and half of the eighth grade. Miss Little is an alumnus of tiie Iowa college at Grinnel and an excellent scholar. She was recently elected to this position in the school aud is doing her best to perfect herself in the art of teaching. The classes of the remaining (three) grades are taught by the principal. The course of study in this department ex- tends through University Algebra, Plane Geometry, Natur{il Philosophy, Descrip- tive Astronomy, Physiology, Rhetoric and Composition, Word-Analysis, United States History, and Civil Government. The attendance in the principal's room is ninety-three, seventeen of which are tuitions. In connection with the school there is a singing association, which, dur- ing the school year, meets once in two weeks. The school year is divided into three three month terras, and during the winter term there is an evening class in German. The board of education is alive to the interest of their school and never hesi- tate to provide for the comfort and pro- grcs of the children. The officersof the board are: W. A. Kennedy, president; J. T. Brearley, secretary, and C. W. Botar, treasurer. The members are Jere- miah Murnan, J. R. Jones, Jr., W. J. Woodward, A. H. GiflEord and George M. Elsey. 1'he district is substantially out of debt, orders on the different funds are paid on presentation. At the last annual settlement September, 1884, the follow- ing balances were on hand: School House Fund, $102.36; Contingent Fund, $256.37; Teachers' Fund, $919 85. The only indebtedness against the district is an un-matured six per cent, bond of $1,000, This is a remnant of a debt incurred in building and will, most likely, be paid at maturity. The house was built by Horace Baker, now deceased. The building occupies a beautiful one- acre lot half way between the old and new town plats. The ground is high, smooth and rolling. The lot is skirted with a row of thrifty, young maples and affords delightful play ground; indeed hardly a "biscuit-toss" from the school house door is a magnificent common which is no small adjunct to the play, comfort and pleasure of the school children. This sketch, already longer than I pur- posed, would not be complete without reference to the teachers who taught an- terior to the organization of the indepen- dent district. Among them was Mr. George M, Elsey, at present a member of the board of education, and living on a fine farm near town. Mr. William Wad- dell, an honored citizen of the county, now living in Atlantic, was among the early teachers in Lewis. Miss Belle Macomber, now of Chicago, whose his- tory has become a part of the annals of the nation, taught one of the earliest schools in Lewis and Cass county. r k^ 552 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 1; Among the early teachers, still living at or near Lewis were Mrs. George Brown, nee Mills; Mrs. L. O. Reinig, nee Woodward; Mrs. William Bailey, nee Craig; Miss Ella S. Kittering and Miss Alice Butterby, taught with credit to themselves and the schools in more recent tim^s. These and others, who came and went, taught in various places and houses to suit the convenience and resource of the district. Among the pioneer patrons and directors of the Lewis schools were Horace Littlefield, Jehu Woodward, A. A. Case and K. W. Macomber. These venerable gentlemen still live in the town. May they long enjoy the memories of its early struggles and have no cause to be disappointed in the growth and status of its village school. J. S. Crawford, principal of the public schools of the city of Lewis, was born in liroorafield, Ohio, December 20, ]853. In 1855 his parents removed to Allama- kee county, Iowa, where his childhood and youth were spent. He began his school days in the district schools of that county, and in 1873, went to the Upper Iowa University at Fayette, where he spent three months in attending that school. Subsequently he became a stu- dent at the State University at Iowa City, where he remained some time. In 1876, he attended the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia, and on his return from that city, taught school one year in Allamakee county. He then went to Colorado and there engaged in mining two years, after which he returned to Iowa and located in Cass county where he ■ has since been identified with the interests of education. In 1882 he assumed the principalship of the Lewis schools, which owe their pre- sent highly prosperous condition to his untiring industry. Mr. Crawford is well qualified, both by nature and education, for his responsible position. Socially he is highly popular and enjoys the respect and esteem of both old and young. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, also of the L O. O. F. Edwin Haymaker is a native of Cuya- hoga county, Ohio, where he was reared and educated. He attended the Boynton district school in Orange township, where President Garfield received his prelimin- ary education, and of whom he was a schoolmate for seven years. Mr. Hay- maker was born May 10, 1838, and is the son of John F. and JVIaria (Ellsworth) Haymaker, who in 1854, removed to north- ern Iowa. In 1855 they moved to Fill- more county, Minnesota, where his father is now living. His mother died in August, 1854, at the age of seventy-six years. Edwin remained with his parents in Min- nesota, until 1859, then went to Adams county, Illinois, where he had an uncle who was a physician, with whom it was his intention to study medicine. Chang- ing his plans, he went to Colorado in the spring of 1860, spent one year, then went to New Mexico and spent about a year on the Santa Fe trail. In 1862 he went to Mills county, Iowa, and remained eight months, then returned to the overland route, and kept the overland stage station at Julesburg, Colorado. One year later he returned to Mills county, and there re- sided until the fall of 1879, when he came to Atlantic. The first of March, 1880, he removed to Lewis and began keeping hotel and livery stable. He commenced B J. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTS". 553 the former in the east end of the village, but subsequently built a house for that purpose, near his present place of busi- ness, the Lawton House, which was con- sumed by fire in the fall of 1 88 1 . He was united in marriage in October, 1862, in Mills county, Iowa, with Sophia Hammer, a native of Pennsylvania. They have one child — Cassandra. Two sons, John and Ellsworth, are deceased. Mr. Haymaker is a member of the I. O. O. F., Gienwood Lodge, No. 97. Captain James H. Coe is a native of Granville, Hampden county, Massachu- setts, born October 4, 1818, and is a son of Alfred A. and Rosanna (Stewart) Coe. Ho began acquiring his education in his native county. When he was fifteen years of age, his parents removed to Hart- land, Litchfield county,Connecticut, where his father followed the business of wagon making, and he, (James H.) finished his education. He then went to work at the carpenter's trade which occupation he fol- lowed until he came to Iowa in 1855, lo- cating then, in Lee county. In the spring of 1857,Jame8H. Coe, Amos Gridley, John' Barber and William Arnold came to Lewis, Cass county, accompanied by their families. They found provisions, partic- ularly flour, very scarce and expensive, and to obtain a cow, James Coe sent back to Lee county, and bad Oliver Mills purchase for him, for the sura of fifty dol- lars, the cow which he had sold, on his removal, for thirty-five dollars. He was married May 10, 1837, to Maria Barber, daughter of Alson and Hannah (Hum- phrey) Barber. The latter was a sister of President Humphrey, of Amherst college, Massachusetts. Her paternal grandfather was a soldier in the Revolution. Her parents resided in Connecticut where her father died in April, 1880, aged eighty, six, and her mother in 1878, at the age of eighty years. Mr. and Mrs. Coe have four children — George, married to Fannie Lane, and living in Lewis; Cornelia, wife of Henry Sandoe, living in Pennsylvania; William, living at home; and Charles, married to Hillis Kimpson, residing in Bear Grove township. Early in 1861, Captain Coe raised a com[iany of about forty men to serve in the Union army, but as the company could not be filled up in time for the first call, he permitted them to become a part of the Fourth Iowa Infantry. He then proceeded to raise an- other company, which was, with a few exceptions, entirely from Cass county, and which he raised and got to Des Moines, inside of three weeks. He was commissioned captain of company I, of the Twenty-third Iowa Infantry, by Gov- ernor Kiikwood, September 19, 1862. The regiment went from Des Moines, to St. Louis, and wintered at Camp Patter- son, spending the latter part of the winter in marching down near the Arkansas line. Captain Coe was discharged from the ser- vice March 4, 1862, while the regiment were encamped on Iron Mountain. He resigned on the advice of first assistant surgeon in chief, Bosbachel, for the reason of sickness which incapacitated him for command. He returned to his farm near Lewis, but finding himself unable to do farm work, purchased property in Lewis, and removed thither. He owns a fine farm in Bear Grove township, which is occupied by his youngest son. Capt. Coe was one of the charter members of the G. ?U r- 36 SI ^ xt? 1 C W. 554 »' > 1 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. A. R. He was elected a member of the scbool board at the time Lewis became an independent district, and was chiefly in- strumental in securing the erection of the present commodious school building, which was built while he was a member of the board. He has served three years in the same capacity, since that time. Captain Coe's parents died in Michigan in 1862, and are buried at Matherton, Ionia county, in that State. Rev. John Andrews came to Cass county about 1869. He located in the town of Lewis, and preached at different points in this vicinity until he was com- pelled on account of failing eyesight, to abandon his work. He was a man of more than ordinary ability, an exemplary christian, and possessed of much zeal and energy. He was born in Hartford, Con- necticut, in 1801, but grew to manhood in Ohio, whither the family removed in 1811. He obtained his education in Ohio and entered the ministry of the Presby- terian church, beginning his ministerial career in Wayne county of that State. He continued preaching in that county some years, then preached in Summit county from whence he removed to Mason county, Illinois, thence _'to Cass county, Iowa. His wife, formerly Charlotte Moore, was a native of Massachusetts. She is now in Florida. They had a fam- ily of twelve children — Luther, Lyman, (deceased,) Leonard, Loren, (deceased,) Loren, (second) Leigh Richmond, Lem- uel, Lucretia, (deceased,) Lorina, Lucy, Louisa M. and Laura Ann. Rev. John Andrews died in 187Y and is buried in Lewis. William W. Walton was born in Bran- ' don, Rutland county, Vermont, February 25, 1818. Brandon was also the birth- place of Stephen A. Douglas with whom he was acquainted when a boy. He is a son of Jacob and Polly (Green) Walton, who both died when he was in his sixth year. He obtained his education in Ver- mont and Massachusetts. He removed to Gardner, Worcester county, in the latter State, in 1837, and engaged in chairmak- ing. William W. went to California in 1850, and worked in the mines till Decem- ber, 1851, then engaged in farming one year, after which he returned to the east, locating in Portland, Maine, where he re- mained till February, 1856. He then went to Pike county, Illinois and there resided upon a farm, until he came to Cass county, Iowa, in 1835, and settled upon a farm of one hundred and twenty acres, just north of Lewis. In 1870 he sold this property and went east and spent one winter in visiting his friends, returning in the spring of 1871. At that time he purchased the interest of Dr. Findley, in the firm of Davis andFindley. In the fall of 1876 he sold his interest in the above concern. In 1875 he bought a farm of one hundred and sixty acres, one mile •ast of Lewis. He still owns and rents this property. He is at present engaged, in raising horses. Mr. Walton was uni- ted in marriage, in Massachusetts, Octor ber 17, 1844, with Susan Wright, a native of that State. They had one child, Sarah W., who died in 1846, aged nine months. Previous to the organization of the Republican party, Mr. Walton was an old line Whig, but since that time has been a Republican. M »P ■Vj g * ■ .A ?> 1^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 555 CHAPTER XX PYMOSA TOWNSfflP. That sub-division of Cass county -which is known as Pymosa township, contains probably as great a proportion of tillable land to total area as any of the sixteen townships which go to make up the county. It is well supplied with running streams, has good roads, good farms, and excellent improvements. The Nishnabotna river flows diagonally through the township from northeast to southwest, coming in from Audubon county about the northeast corner of section 1, and passing into At- lantic township about the northeast cor- ner of section 31. Buck creek has its source in numerous little rivulets com- mencing in the northwestern part of the township, and flowing with a general southerly course till it passes into Bright- on township at the southwest corner of section 30. These streams, with their nu- merous little tributaries afford the best of drainage facilities for land, as well as an unfailing supply of water for stock and agricultural purposes. Besides the nu- merous artificial groves set out by the en- terprising farmers of the township,'there are several natural ones to be found. One of these is situated on sections 27, 28, 33 and 34; one at the center of school dis- trict No. 3; one at the northeast corner of section 7; one on the southeast quarter of section 18,' and another at the northeast corner of the township. The Nishnabotna is wooded to a greater or less extent along its entire course through the town- ship, and the other creeks and branches are timbered in a lesser degree. The Au- dubon branch of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad intersects the township diagonally, passing near the northeast and southwest corners, as it comes in and leaves its borders. The main line of the Rock Island road cuts off a small corner of section 31, in the southwest corner of the township. The station of Lorah, on the northeast corner of section 14, and the city of Atlantic, just across the township line, afford easy postoffice and market facilities. OEGANIC. Pymosa township assumed official or- ganization in August, 1855, at an elec- tion held at the house of Jefferson Good- ale, on section 6, in Benton. At that time it comprised part of the present townships of Atlantic, Benton and Wash- ington. Pymosa, since the re-organiza- tion of townships in 1870, includes the territory technically known as township 77, range 3(j. As the early records of this township are unable to be found, the following are the first officers of the town- ship as near as can be determined by authoritative memory: J. C. Cannon, clerk ; -Irvin Lorah, assessor ; James Brinkerhoff, justice; Irvin Lorah, consta- ^u- - e r 556 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ble; Jefferson Goodale, William H. How- ard and Joseph Doner, trustees. About ten or twelve votes were cast at this elec- tion. The officers of 1884 are as follows: George W. Ross, clerk; T. V. Kinsey, as- sessor; Theodore Kurig, G. J. Jenkins, justices of the peace; J. W. Lamb, W. P. Oaks, John Stoner, trustees; J. W. Lorah and John Ringle, constables. EARLY SETTLEMENT. In the spring and fall of 1851, Jere- miah Bradshaw and party passed through the present limits of Pymosa township on their way to and from Oakfield, Audu- bon county, where they thought of mak- ing a settlement at first, but did not at- tempt to settle here. And when the Byrd family came, in the summer of 1852, they found no other creatures within the present limits of Pymosa, than the wild animals and game which, at that time, abounded. During the summer of 1852, James L. Byrd built a cabin on section 30, Pymosa township. He and his sons, Aaron, Thomas, Abraham and Jonathan, and his son in-law, Mason Gill, all made claims, and when the land was put in the market, they entered a large tract, principally in Atlantic township. James L. Byrd (deceased) was one of the pioneers of Cass county, having ar- rived within its boundaries m 1852. He was a native of Kentucky, born in Barnes county,' January 5, 1801, and was a son of Jonathan B. Byrd,who in an early day, removed from Georgia to Tennessee, thence to Kentucky. Jonathan Byrd's wife, the mother of James L., was a native of Tennessee and of English extraction, her ancestry having been traced back to the royal stock, which, centuries ago, passed away. The grandfather of James L. was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and served in the army from beginning to end, entirely through the struggle for liberty and independence, thus contribut- ing his full share toward the establish- ment, on a firm foundation, of the liberty and freedom so much eiijoyed by the present generation. Many incidents in connection with that remarkable conflict were indelibly impressed upon his memo- ry, and the description of the surrender of Cornwallis to Washington was among the reminisences often repeated to his children. The family removed from Barnes county, Kentucky, to Crawford county, Indiana, and there, at the age of twenty years, James was married to Rachel Randall, by whom he had seven children, five sons and two daughters. She was a native of South Carolina, born near Charleston. The children were — Clark, Abraham S., Aaron, Thomas, Mary, Jonathan and Margaret. Of these, Aaron came to this county in 1852, and made a settlement on section 36, Brighton town- ship. He is now living in Fillmore coun- ty, Nebraska. Thomas now lives in Bray- ton, Audubon county. He settled, on first coming west, in Brighton township. Mary is the wife of Mason C. Gill, and lives in Washington township. Jonathan came with the other boys, but subsequent- ly moved farther west. Margaret died when two years old. The subject of this sketch left Indiana from Putnam county, where he was quite a prominent man, (having, among other acts, given the cast ing vote that built the court house of that county,) in May, 1852, and came with TfKT M HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 557 teams to Wapello county, Iowa, and there put in a crop, consisting of fifteen acres of corn. Not being entirely pleased or satisfied with that location, in company with Mr. M. Gill, and his son Abraham, he started out on a prospecting tour, with a team, going first to Oskaloosa, thence to Boone county, thence to Des Moines, then traveling up the river twelve miles, went across the country to Adel, then crossing Middle Coon creek, followed such trails as could be found, and after looking at considerable country, arrived in what is now Bear Grove township. After looking at various pieces of land in that township and in th« vicinity of where Lorah now stands, they started down the Nishnabotna river, and finding on Buck creek a situation suited to their tastes, they staked off the bottom and made claims. They then started for In- diana, carefully observing in every direc- tion if a better or more promising place could be found. The Fourth of July found them in Winterset. Subsequently they came back to Cass county and bought a claim near the mouth of Buck creek, consisting of about one thousand acres, for which he paid one hundred and twenty- five dollars. Six months afterwards one Dr. Ballard came and set up a title to this land. Mr. Byrd paid him one hun- dred and fifty dollars for a quit-claim deed, built a shanty and began pioneer life in Cass county. Abraham, one of the sons, who is now a resident of Cass county, pre-empted one hundred and sixty acres at Five-Mile-Grove, where he built a shanty and deeded it to his father, except forty acres of timber, and entered an eighty acre tract where his house now stands on the southwest quar- ter of the southeast quarter of section 31 , Pymosa township. There he built a small house in 1858, and in 1868 erected his present commodious dwelling, on a beautiful plat of ground, near by, and overlooking the present site of Atlantic. He has added to his original farm until he now owns three hundred and forty-five acres. Abraham S. Byrd was born in Craw- ford county, Indiana, January 9, 3856, and remained with his father till 1858. He was married May 30, 1864, to Emeline Tabor, of Washington county, Indiana. They have five children . In the fall of 1852, James Kincade, com- ing from Indiana on his westward way in search of a new location, brought up in Pymosa township, where he settled and began improvements. He remained until the time of his death, which occurred about two or three years after his arrival. After his demise, his family removed from the State and scattered, some going to Colorado, the remainder to California. Kincade was a native of New York, where he had spent his youth. From there he removed to Indiana, coming here as be- fore stated. He was a good citizen and well liked. Another pioneer of Pymosa, Samuel Knepper, entered land on section 2, in the spring of 1854. lie was a native of Penn- sylvania, coming from Ohio to this place. He remained in the township about two years, when he removed to Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie county, and engaged in the drug business. He died there about twelve or fifteen years ago. James Brinkerhoff, a native of Penn- sylvania, settled on section II in the fall -^ - (9 J, 558 HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. of 1854, coming from Ohio. He remained until the summer of 1861, when he re- moved to Colorado, and afterward died in that State. When a resident of this town- ship, he had a family of five or six ehil- dren, and was considered a kind and good neighbor and citizen. Francis Everett came in the fall of 1854, and improved a farm on section 23, com- • ing from Indiana. He remained in the township until 1879, when he removed to Colorado, where he still resides. William Howard came to Pymosa in the summer of 1855, settling on section 1. He came from Illinois to this township, but was a native of New York State. About the year 1876 his death occurred. He was a quiet, peaceable citizen, and a man who always attended strictly to his own business. His widow, who still re- sides upon the old homestead, has since been married to N. B. Morris. Nelson Bonaparte Morris came to Cass county in 1855. In 1857, he entered a quarter section of land in Bear Grove township. He kept this land until 1882, when he sold it to Henry R. Lee, without improvement. In March, 1858, Mr. Morris entered one hundred and twenty acres of land in Sherman township, Monona county, where he located in 18Q0, and resided until 1882. He then returned to Cass county. His son, Jason H. Morris, now owns the farm which he occupied in Monroe county. Nelson B. Morris was born in Madison county. New York, in 1811. He was reared in his native county upon a farm, and remained there till 1855. In his youth he learned the carpenter's trade, but on account of an accident which ren- dered him unable to follow that trade, he learned the trade of shoe-making, which he followed about twelve years. Mr. Morris has been twice married. His first wife was Polly Neely, a native of Onon- daga county. New York, where she died in 1864. She vs^as of German descent. His present wife was Mrs. William W. Howard, formerly, Mary C. McMurphy, Her father, Solomon McMurphy, was a native of New England. He died while she was an infant. She went to Rock Island county, Illinois, with heir grand- father, about 183ii, where she was reared and married to William W. Howard, who was a native of JefEerson county. New York, and who removed to Rock Island county when a boy, with his parents. Mrs. Morris came to Cass county with her husband, Mr. Howard, in June, 1855, and settled where Mr. and Mrs. Morris now live, on section 1. The farm, however, was on section 12, adjoining the forty acres on which the house was built. Mr. Howard lived upon this place until his death which occurred May 3, 1876. His widow was married to Mr. Morris, Sep- tember 6, 1882, who has one son by his first wife, JasonH. Mrs. Morris has seven children— George V. Howard, Mrs. Cy- liuda Gingery, Seneca S. Howard, Mrs. Marietta Green, Samuel R. Howard, Mrs. Amanda M. Bidleman, and Mrs. Emily Kelly. She has lost four children — Daniel O., died December 5, 1882, leaving a fam- ily; the other three were Loretta L., William and Turner, all of whom died in infancy. Mary C. Morris, formerly Mary C. Howard, was born in Pike county, Illi- nois, on the 25th day of December,^ 1827, ^^ ^ fe^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 559 and was married to W. W. Howard, Sep- tember ], 1843. Duringthe year of 1855, Joseph Doner, a Canadian Frenchman, came from Indi- ana and settled upon section 12. He re- mained here until his death, which oc- curred in January, 1864. His widowed wife now lives in Atlantic. One of his daughters also resides in that place, and is the wife of George Conrad, who is one of the pioneers of Cass county. Some of the family still reside in this township. Joseph Turner came to Pymosa town- ship in 1855, and entered a quarter section of land, although he did not settle there until 1858. In 1862 he removed to Frank- lin township, and is a resident of Wiota at the present. Charles W. Harris (deceased) was an early settler of Pymosa township. He came here in the spring of 1856, accom- panied by his family, William Fox and J. M. Lamb, and their families, all com- ing from Indiana. Mr. Harris and Mr. Fox lived for some time at what is known as "Five-Mile Grove." Mr. Harris set- tled on section 18, where his family now live, in 1858. He was born in Campbell county, Virginia, in 1832. He removed with his parents to Ohio, thence to Indi- ana, where he was married to Sarah A. Fox, his present widow. She was born in Warren county, Iowa, in 1835. Her father, William Fox, was born in Virginia in 1805. He was reared and married in his native State. On coming to Cass county, he settled, as before stated, at Five-Mile Grove, where he resided until his death. Mrs. Fox now lives with his daughter Mrs. Harris. Mr. Harris died in 1859, leaving a widow and three children — Ed- win F., born in Indiana in 1854; Thomas N., born in Pymosa township in 1857; and Charles, born here, in 1859. James Mayhew settled on section 22, in the spring of 1856. His death' occurred here in the winter of 1865. His wife still remains in the township, making her home with her daughter, who is the wife of Isaac Jansen. Mr. Mayhew, who was a native of New Jersey, came from Indi- ana' to Pymosa township. William S. Everett, in company wifh his brother, John Everett came to Py- mosa township, in May, 1857, and in Jan- uary, 1862, they purchased eighty acres of land, which is included in Wil- liam Everett's present farm of one hun- dred and twenty-one acres. He owns, also,four hundred acres in sections 9,10,13 and 15. July 23, 1862, William Everett enlisted in company I, Twenty-third Iowa Infantry, and served till the close of the war. He was at Port Gibson, where his regiment was at the front and opened the engagement Mav 1, 1863. On the 16th of the same month, he Was in the battle at Champion Hill, and at Black River Bridge, on the I7th, where the Twenty- third again led the charge. He was severely wounded ^in this battle. In the fall of 1863, he campaigned in Texas, win- tering on Matagorda Island. In the spring of 1864 he went to New Orleans, and was ordered to report to General Banks, on the Red river, but on account of the Confederate blockade, was unable to do so, but joined Banks on his retreat. In the spring of 1865, he participated in the siege of Spanish Fort, which occupied thirteen days. He was in the hospital during the siege of Vicksbarg; and. at •^1 ;r -^ * %* 560 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. the time of Lee's surrender was in Alabama, but immediately after- wards was ordered to Texas. After the war he went to Ohio, and re- mained nntil the spring of' 1870, when he returned to Cass county, and set- tled on his farm. Mr. Everett has never fully recovered from the effects of the hardships he endured while in the ser- vice. He was born in Erie county, Ohio, on July 4, 1836. His early life was spent in "his native State. He was there mar- ried to Sarah Leppo, a native of the same State, and daughter of James Leppo. Mr. and Mrs. Everett have four children — James E., Mary E., Martha R. and Lida O., all of whom were born at the home- stead in Pymosa. John W. Lamb lives on section 27, upon the farm where his father, Jonathan M. Lamb, settled in 1856. It contained originally eighty-five acres, but now con- tains one hundred and twenty-five. Jona- than M. Lamb was born in the State of Virginia, January 28, 1831, and removed to Indiana, with his grand-parents, when about eight years old. He there grew to manhood, and was married at Sjsring Hill, Darke county, Ohio, to Susan Chenoweth, who was born in Darke county, July 1, 1831. He was reared to the occupation of farming. He moved to Darke county, Ohio, in 1853, where he resided till he came to Cass county, and settled in Py- mosa township, where he bought and im- proved a farm, on which he resided until his decease, February 6, 1868. He had been in declining health for a year or more previous to his death. He left a widow and one son, John W. The latter was born in Darke county, Ohio, January 4, 1854, and was but two and a half years of age when his parents came to this county. He was brought up on the home- stead which he now owns. He was mar- ried, December 8,1875, to Margaret J. Leppo, at Spring Mills, Richland county, Ohio. They have four children living — Susan D., Alphronia B., Myrtle S., May H. and Albert. Myrtle S. departed this life May 26, 1881. Mr. Lamb's mother, the widow of Jonathan M. Lamb, was married to William H. Crouch,' June 25, 1871. Mr. Crouch went to Virginia in 1882, and died at Lynchburg, that State, March 80, 1883. The widow now lives with her son. Franklin C. Smith settled in 1860, on the southwest quarter of section 5, of Py- mosa township, where he still resides. He purchased at that lime, eighty acres of unimproved land. He now has two hun- dred and twenty-six acres, under good .cultivation and well improved. Mr. Smith was born in Butler county, Ohio in 1846. In 1859, he removed with his parents, Andrew J., and Eleanor Smith, to Ran- dolph county, Indiana, which was his home till he came to Cass county. Dur- ing the war of the rebellion Mr. Smith was in the employ of the government at Hamilton, Ohio. His parents still reside in Randolph county. He was married in Indiana, to Mary E. Butler, daughter of Edward Butler, now a resident of this township. They have two children — Mary Eleanor and Daisy A. Mr. Smith is a Republican, politically. MENTION OF OTHER BBSIDENTS. In order that those who have labored to advance the interests of the townships T -4 9 iu HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 561 may be represented, the following men- tion .of the more prominent citizens is given: Robert B. . Butler, a pioneer of Cass county, settled where he now resides,on the east half of the southwest quarter of sec- tion IV, of Pymosa township, in 18Y3. He purchased his land which was then unim- proved, of the railroad company in 1870. The country in this vicinity, was at that time, very sparsely populated. Mr. Butler was born in Randolph county, Indiana, in 1 840, and is a son of Edward Butler,of this township. He was reared to the occupa- tion of farming. In August, 1862, he en- listed in the Sixty-ninth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served about one year. He was then discharged for disability. He was in the battle of Richmond, Kentucky, where he was taken prisoner, but was soon after, paroled. Mr. Butler came to Cass county first in 1860, for the purpose of viewing the country, and returned to In- diana. He came here in 1863, becoming then, a permanent resident. He moved his family here from Indiana with a team, driving the entire distance, spending about four weeks on the route. He was married in Indiana to Susan Collins, a sister of John A. Collins of Brighton township. Mrs. Butler was born in Vir- ginia and removed to Indiana with her brother. Her father, James B. Collins, subsequently returned to Virginia where he died. Mr. and Mrs. Butler have three children — Morton H., Cora E., and Mar- tha L. of whom the eldest was born in Indiana and the others here. Byron B. Campbell resides on the north- west quarter of section 25, Pymosa town- ship, land which he has owned since Sep- tember 1872. He has altogether, three hundred and twenty acres, eighty of which is in section 24. He was born in Jamesville, Onondaga county, New York, November 6, 1832, and was reared upon a farm. In 1852, his father, William Camp- bell, went to La Salle county, Illinois, to purchase land for his sons, but died soon after he reached Illinois. Byron B. went to La Salle connty in December following his father's death and lived there one year. In 1853 he bought one hundred and sixty acres of land near Geneseo, Illinois, which he soon after sold, and returned to La Salle county, thence again, to the State of New York. In 1854, he came to Iowa and engaged in farming in Scott county, where he remained until he came to At- lantic, Cass county, in the spring of 1868. The same season he bought two hundred acres of land in Benton township which he improved. He sold this farm to Jacob Walkey and began improving his present farm. A brother-in-law law of Mr. Campbell, C. R. Marks, came to Cass county with him. Mr. Marks is now living in Los Angelos, California. Mr. Campbell was married in Syracuse, New York, tcr Electa C. Knapp, a native of Onondaga county, born May 11, 1836, in the same house in which his father, Milo K. Knapp, was born, twenty-three years before. Her mother was Susan C. (Crosby) Knapp. Her father died when Mrs. Campbell was sixteen years old. Her mother is still living in Onondaga county. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell have one son — Harry B., born March 9, 1874. Mr. Camp- bell is one of the most enterprising and prosperous farmers of Pymosa township. His residence and surroundings are beau- 562 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. tiful, and are evidence of the culture and good taste of their owner. George W. Gingery, son of Daniel and Helena Gingery, was born in Stark county, Ohio, in 1842. The family are of German descent, the parents being natives of Ger- many, who came to the United States in 1831, settling then in Somerset county, Pennsylvania. Daniel Gingery was a soldier in the war with Mexico, and died in the service at Pueblo, in 1848. In 1834, Daniel Gingery and wife left Penn- sylvania, and came to Ohio, where they remained until 1860, when Mrs. Gingery came to this county, accompanied by her two youngest children, her older children having come here previous to that time, with the exception of John Gingery, who came shortly after. Three of the brothers, Edward, John and George, are residents of this township; William Gingery resides in Benton township. The subject of this sketch was one of the younger children of the family, and came here with his mother in 1860. He settled upon his present farm, on section 34, in 1872. He was married to Virginia Goodale, daughter of Almon Goodale. They have six children — Helena E., Charles, Grace, -Cora, Elmer and Lizzie. One daughter, Edith, died in infancy. Mr. Gingery is engaged in gar- dening and fruit-growing, in which busi- ness his brother John is also engaged. Edward Gingery was the first one of the family who came to Cass county, having come here in 1854,and^cated on sections 22 and 27, of this township, where he still lives. O. R. Ballard is a son of Dr. S. M. Ballard, one of the earliest settlers of this part of Iowa. Dr. Ballard was born in Virginia in January, 1810. His father died when he was a child, and he removed with his mother to Ohio. He studied medicine, and graduated at Cincinnati, having taught school for some time, thereby obtaining funds to pursue and complete his education. He began the practice of his profession in Ohio, and in 1840 removed to Iowa City, where he continued practice, and published the 'Iowa City Mepuhlican for years. He came to western Iowa, locating at Council Bluffs, as early as 1850, and there opened the first land office in that place. He en- tered a large amount of land in Audubon county in 1852, including a large portion of what is now known as Oakfield town- ship. He had a government contract for surveying land, and surveyed several of the townships in that county. Later, he purchased large tracts of land in Pymesa and other townships of Cass county. At the time of his decease, in May, 1883, he owned thirty-four hundred acres in one tract in Audubon county, also a large amount of land in Pymosa township. He continued the practice of medicine until about fifteen years previous to his death. His widow, formerly Sarah Johnson, a native of Ohio, is now living at Council Bluffs. They had nine children, only two of whom survive — O. R. and Virginia E. (Robinson). O. R. Ballard resides upon section 22 of Pymosa township. He was ^ born in Warren county, Ohio, in 1838, and came west with his father. He was married to Sarah L. Lorah, a daughter of Judge Lorah, of this township, and a native of Wayne county, Ohio. They have a family of four sons and three daughters. w HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 563 Edward Butler, a resident of Pymosa township, was born in Campbell county, Virginia, in 1816. He grew to manhood in his native State and was there married to Mary F. Johnson, also a native of Campbell county. Mr. Butler has always followed farming. He removed in 1838, from Virginia to Randolph county, Indi- ana, where he cleared a timbered farm, which he resided upon for a period of thirty-one years. He came from thence to Cass county, in 1869, and settled on his present farm, which is located on sections 1 and 18. His residence is on 7. He owns two hundred acres, upon which he has made all of the improvements. His wife died here, October 27, 1882, aged sixty-two years. They had a family of five children —John N., Robert B., Mrs. Maria Harris, Mrs. Mary E. Smith and Marion A. Politically, Mr. Butler was originally a whig but has been a Repub- lican since the organization of that party. He has been a member of the M. E. Church for fifty years. Mr. Butler is an old citizen and well merits the high de- gree of respect in which he is l^eld by all. W. M. Shade was born in Perry county, Pennsylvania, October 28, 1832. Heisa son of George Shade, also a native of Pennsylvania. The latter died in Lan- caster, near Peoria, Illinois, at the age of seventy-eight years. Mr. Shade's mother was born in Germany, and died in Ne- braska, where she was living with her daughter. At the age of twenty years W. M. Shade removed with his parents to Illinois, settling in Peoria county where he was married, August 4, 1854, to Cordelia Maticks, a native of Pennsyl- vania, and daughter of John and Martha (Bitner) Maticks, both of whom were born in Pennsylvania. After his marri- age Mr. Shade-removed to Towanda, Mc- Lean county, of the same State, bought eighty acres of land and remained there five years. He returned to Peoria county in 1861, the commencement of the war, and followed farming and was quite suc- cessful. Subsequently he purchased a farm near Greeley, in Delaware county, Iowa, and made a specialty of raising horses and cattle. In 1880, he sold his farm there and bought a farm of one hun- dred and twenty acres in Pymosa town- ship, Cass county. Eighty acres of this land lies in section' 20, with the balance joining it on the north. He has a fine farm. His residence is pleasantly sur- rounded by trees, and has an orchard near by containing one hundred bearing apple trees. Mr. Shade is the owner of an im- ported Clydesdale horse, "Farmer's De- light," purchased by him of William Storm of Jones county, by whom the ani- mal was imported. Seven hundred dol- lars was the price which Mr. Shade paid for the horse. Mr. and Mrs. Shade have one son — Henry A., who is a member of the Congregational church. Mr. Shade has, since boyhood, been a consistent member of the M. E. church. Mrs. Shade is a member of the Congregational church. Jacob Andrews resides on the southeast quarter of section 28. He owns a farm of four hundred and twenty-five acres, lying on both sides of the river. He purchased this place in 1869, of J. McDaniels. There is considerable native timber upon the land, and about half of it is best adapted for grazing. The balance is tillable. "" — *fv 9 1^ 564 4 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. This is a fine stock farm. Mr. Andrews was born in the town of Lovell, Oxford county, Maine, in 1820. He lived in that State until 1865, when he came to Iowa and opened up a farm in Audubon county. He located there with the expectation that the main line of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad would be built in that vicinity, but being disappointed in that particular, he decided to sell his farm there, and did so, removing here, as before stated, in 1869. Before coming to this county, Mr. Andrews had always been en- gaged in the lumbering business. He was married to Martha P. Hamblin, a native of York county, Maine. By this union there are four children — Henry F., Charles H., Isaac S. and Sarah K., all of whom were born in Maine. Mr. Andrews' father, Isaac S. Andrews, came with him to Audubon county, where he died, De- cember 30, 1868. His mother died in Maine, in the same town where she was born. A brother and sister of Mr. An- drew's are now living in Audubon county. A brother of Mrs. Andrew's, Samuel Hamblin, came to this county in 1860, but is now living at Hot Springs, Arkan- sas. Samuel Hamblin was in the army during the war of the rebellion, serving in a Maine regiment. He entered the service a private, and come out with the rank of colonel. Mr. Andrew's eldest son, Henry F., served in the Sixteenth Maine Infantry, and was three years in the service. Seymour Carver is a native of Cayuga county. New York, born October 14, 1817. He was reared in his native county, and when twenty years of age, went to Kane county, Illinois, where he resided until 1855. He then went to Grant county, Wisconsin, and remained until 1872. In that year he went to Kansas, where he lived until November, 1873, at which time he came to Atlantic, Cass county. In the fall of 1882, he purchased the southwest quarter of section 35, Pymosa township, where he now lives, of Crawford and Merriraan. He also owns sixty-five acres in section 2, of Atlantic township. Mr. Carver was married in Illinois, June 18, 1839, to Rebecca Allen, a native of New York, who was born June 7, 1822. She moved with her parents to Pennsylvania, when a child, thence to Michigan, thence to Illinois. Mr. Carver is a brother of Leonard Carver, of Atlantic. Mr. and Mrs. Carver have five sons and three daughters — Fidelia, Charles, George W., Orlinda, Loretta, Henry, Birney and Wil- liam. Mr. Carver has always voted with the Democratic.party, but believes in vot- ing for the best men, to whatever party they may chance to belong. William H. Disbrow resides on section 36, where he settled in 1868, purchasing his place lof Frank Whitney. Mr. Dis- brow has been a resident of Cass county since the spring of 1857. He was born in Lorain county, Ohio, May 15, 1837. His parents. Perry and Clarissa (Lang- don) Disbrow, were natives of New York. His father was of English and Irish de- scent, and his mother's ancestors were French Huguenots. They now live at Lewis, in this county. Mr. Disbrow spent his early life in Ohio, and was there mar- ried July 4, 1856, to Cordelia Nichols. She was born in Jefferson county, New York, January 11, 1836, and removed with her parents to Loraia county, Ohio, :R^ « w * HISTORF OF CASS COUNTY. 565 when quite young. Her parents were James and Lenora (Johnson) Nichols, the former of whom was a native of Rhode Island, and the latter of Connecticut. They died in Lorain county. Mr. and Mrs. Disbrow have four children — Willie I., was born in Lewis, June 8, 1860, and now lives in Dakota Territory; Lenora May was born in Atlantic township, on March 22, 1867; Junia Maud was born November 23, 1871, in Pymosa township, and Charles P., was born on August 22, 1874. Mr. Disbrow is a brother of Hiram Disbrow, of Atlantic; also a brother of Mrs. Benton Morrow, of Atlantic town- ship, and Mrs. B. F. Howard, of Audu- bon county. Mrs. Disbrow is a sister of Stephen Nichols and Mrs. Mariiida Arch- er, both of whom reside in this township. The husband of the latter, Garrison Archer, was a member of an Ohio regi- ment during the war of the rebellion, and died in the service. Mr. Disbrow has been a Republican since the organization of that party until recently, when he has become a radical Greenbacker. He is a popular citizen and a genial and intelli- gent gentleman. His farm is well im- proved. Joseph S. Joyce's farm comprises the east half of the northeast quarter and the north half of the southeast quarter of sec- tion 8, which he purchased of John R. Kitchen, and settled upon in 1872. Mr. Kitchen made the first improvements upon this land, breaking about thirty acres. All other improvements have been made by Mr. Joyce. He built his resi- dence in 1879, at a cost of fifteen hundred dollars. His barn was built in 1878, and cost the sum of five hundred dollars. He has a large number of fruit trees, includ- ing four hundred apple and a number of cherry and plum trees. Mr. Joyce and his brother Ulysses, whose farm adjoins his, are extensively engaged in stock raising, for which business their farms are admir- ably adapted. Joseph S. Joyce was born in the village of Renhold, Bedfordshire, England, in 1845. He is a son of Thomas and Mary (Paine) Joyce, natives of the same shire. The former was born in 1811, and the latter in 1312. The have a fam- ily of ten children, seven sons and three daughters. Joseph and Ulysses are the only members of the family who have come to America. They served an ap- prenticeship to the hardware business, but came to the United States for the purpose of making homes. Both have succeeded, and are now in possession of valuable farms and pleasant homes. In 1875, they went back to England on a visit,' and re- turned the following year. Joseph S. Joyce was married to Fannie S. Kitchen, a daughter of J. R. Kitchen. They have five daughters: Ruth, Jennie, Nellie, Clarice and Mabel. The Joyce brothers are Republicans, politically. They are enterprising and public-spirited citizens, as well as successful farmers. Ulysses Joyce settled upon his present farm in section 8, of Pymosa township, in the spring of 1878, purchasing his land of Moses Kitchen. It was first settled by John R. Kitchen, the father of Moses Kitchen. Mr. Joyce's original purchase in section 8 was eighty acres. He has since bought eighty acres of D. R. and H. J. Love. He came to Cass county in 1870, and his first farm was located in At lantic township. Ulysses Joyce was born 11^ 506 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. in Bedfordshire, England, in 1847. He came to the United States with his brother, J. S. Joyce, in 1868. They set- tled in McLean county, Illinois, from whence they came to this county. Their parents, Thomas and Mary Joyce, are still living in Bedfordshire, England, upon the farm where they have lived for fifty years. The subject of this sketch was married to Miss Maggie Barnwell, a sister of Dr. Barnwell, of Atlantic. They have six children: Mary E., Hattie E., William P., Thomas A., Lilly Rose and Frank. Joseph A. Brown (deceased) came to Pymosa township in 1874, and purchased a farm of J. McDaniel, located on sections 28 and 33. This is one of the large farms of the township. Mr. Brown was born in Monroe county, Pennsylvania, June 2, 1817, and was there reared to mercantile pursuits. May 16, 1839, he was married in his native county, to Rachel Shaw, a native of that county. About 1841 he removed to Janesville, Wisconsin, and purchased land and engaged in farming. He afterward removed to ClayHpn county, Iowa, and bought a farm, on which he re- mained a short time, then removed to the town of Clayton and engaged in the mill- ing, mercantile and grain business. He resided in Clayton county until he came to Cass county, in 1874. Here he engaged in buying grain. He was a successful business man, and at his decease left a large property. His death occurred at his home in Pymosa, May 16, 1884. He was sixty-seven years of age. His wife and seven children survive him. The chil- dren are: Mrs. Josephine Hodges, of Boonesborough, Iowa; Theodore H., liv- ing at Griswold, Cass county; Joseph S., in Brighton township; Mrs. Jennie R. Dawson, in this county; Timothy P., liv- ing at the homestead; Mrs. Libbie B. Nichols, of Atlantic, and Frank L., living at Griswold. W. P. Bolton resides upon a farm in section 34, which he purchased of Joseph Everett, and settled upon in 1876. Mr. Bolton was born in Indiana in October, 1804. In 1855 he emigrated from that State, to Jones county, Iowa, where he improved a farm and lived until 1870, In that year he came to Cass county. W. W. Bolton, a son of W. P. Bolton, was born in Fayette county, Indiana, Novem- ber 14, 1840, and came to Iowa with his father in 1855. He enlisted August 6, 1862, in company A, of. the Sixth Minne- sota Volunteer Infantry, and served more than three years. For about eighteen months after his enlistment,the regiment served under General Sibley, operating against the Sioux Indians in Minnesota and Dakota. During the time, he partici- pated in several hard fought battles with the Indians. He was at what is known as the battle of Birch Couler, September 7, 1862. In this fight they were surrounded by about eight hundred savages of the Sioux tribe. The command of troops- at this battle consisted of only one hundred and forty-two men, one hundred of whom were killed before reinforcements arrived, and the Indians were repulsed. He was at the battle of Wood Lake on the 22d of the same month, and the battle of Big Hill, July 23, 1863. Two days later, he was in the battle of Buffalo Lake, where he was wounded. The battle of Stone Lake was fought on the 27th of the same montlj^ At the close of Sibley's campaign "^ lI^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTS, 567 he was transferred with his regiment to the seat of war, and placed under com- mand of General A. J. Smith, of the Six- teenth Army Corps. He took part in several severe campaigns and battles, in- cluding the siege of Mobile, Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely. The regiment was afterwards sent to Montgomery, Alabama, and in August, 1865, was returned to St. Paul, and discharged. A brother of the subject of this sketch, E. W. Bolton, was a member of the Twenty-first Iowa Infan- try, and died in the service March 22, 1862. Benton Green is a son of Thomas Green, one of the pioneers of Jones county, Iowa. Thomas Green was born in Orange county. New York, in 1811, and at the age of six years, removed with his parents to Ohio. From Ohio, the family moved to Warren county, Indiana, where he grew to man- hood, and was married inl831,toEffie Stingley, wbo was born in Ohio in 1814. In June, 1840, Mr. Green removed with his family, consisting of a wife and four children, to the State of Iowa, and settled in what is now Rome township, at a place called Walnut Grove. There he pur- chased a claim and improved a farm, upon which he lived about six years, then exchanged it for unimproved land in the same township. In the spring of 1852, he sold this land and bought a partially im- proved farm, where he lived till the spring of 1876. He then came to Cass county and bought property in Atlantic. In 1879 he purchased an improved farm of one hundred and sixty acres, of Judge Lorah, located on section 14, of Pymosa town- ship. Here he resided until his decease, July 28, 1883. Thomas Green enlisted in 1862, in the Twenty-fourth Iowa Volun- teer Infantry, and served ten months, then on account of ill health resigned his commission as first lieutenant, and re- turned home. He* was in the siege of Vicksburg, and several preceding battles. He began life poor, but at the time of his decease, was one of the wealthiest men of Cass county. He left, at his death, a widow and thirteen children. The chil- dren are — Polly Ann, born in 1832; Ben- ton, born in 1834; Elizabeth, born in 1836; John H., born in 1840; Rebecca, born in 1843; Sarah J., born in 1845; Martha, born in 1847; Caroline, born in 1849; George W., born in 1852; Armelda, born in 1854; Loraine, born in 1856; Etna A., born in 1857; and Owen L., born in 1861. One daughter, Emily, born in 1838, is dead. The mother now makes her home with her children, three of whom are residents of this county. Benton Green was born in Indiana. In 1861 he enlisted in Jones county, Iowa, in the Ninth Iowa Infantry, company B. He served five and a lialf months and was then discharged on ac- count of disability. He was married to Louisa Green, daughter of Erving Green, and a native of Ohio. They have three children — Thomas, Grace and Levi. Mr. Green has a fine farm of one hundred and sixty-five acres, located in the best part of Pymosa township. Albert T. Harris resides on the north half of the northwest quarter of sec- tion 20, Pymosa township, which he pur- chased of L. W. Gaddig in the spring of 1883. This land was entered by William Nesbit in March, 1858. The first im- provements upon it were made by Job E. Card, Jr., who broke a few acres and sold 5(58 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. it to Joseph M. Scott. Mr. Soott sold it to S. T. McFadden, and the latter to Mr. Gaddis. Mr. Scott erected the first build- ings. Mr. Harris, since purchasing the the place, has made some improvements, including the finishing of the house and the building of a barn at a cost of three hundred dollars. The land is all un- der improvement . He has an orchard containing one hundred and thirty trees, one hundred of which were planted by him in 1883. Mr. Harris first came to Cass county in the fall of 1856, but did not locate here permanently until 1860. In 1857 he pre-empted a piece of land in Brighton township, and bought twenty acres on section 27, of Pymosa, land now owned by J. W. Lamb. In 1861 Mr. Harris sold this land and bought a quarter section in Pymosa township, isomprising the north half of the southeast quarter, and the south half of the northeast quar- ter of section 18, which he improved and resided upon until he moved to his pres- ent residence. ' He still owns the above farm. Albert T. Harris was born in Green county Ohio, in September 1835. He removed when a child, to Indiana, with his parents. His home was in that State until he came to Cass county, with the exception of two years, during which he attended school in Clermont county, Ohio. His father, Benjamin Harris, was born October 29, 1788, and died in In- diana in 1863. His mother, Susan Harris, died in March, 1877, in the eighty-fourth year of her age. They had a large family of children, six of whom have been resi- dents of this county, bnt only two, Albert T. and James A., are now living here. Charles W. Harris was the first one of the brothers who came to this township. He is now deceased. His family still live here. The subject of this sketch was married to Maria Butler, daughter of Ed- ward Butler. She was born m Indiana in 1842. Mr. and Mrs. Harris have five children : Edward E., Henry F., Alice L., " Mfery L. and James A., all of whom were born here except the eldest, who was born in Indiana. Mr. Harris has always hern a . Bepubtican, politically. Both he and his wife are members of the M. E church of this town. Mr. Harris enlisted in Octo- ber, 1864, in company D, of the Elev- enth Iowa Infantry, and served till the close of the war. George W. Howard's farm is located on section 12. It was first settled by Joseph Doner, whose widow sold it to Mr. Howard about 1873. The latter came to the county in 1869. Mr. Howard was born in Pike county, Illinois- His parents, Daniel W. and Thankful Howard, removed from the State of New York to Pike county, Illi- nois. When George was about eighteen months old they removed to Rock Island county, of the same State, where he grew to manhood, and resided until he came to this county. He is a brother of William W. Howard, deceased. George W. How- ard was married to Parmelia Snider, a na- tive of Pennsylvania, and by this union there are two children : Mary E. and Amanda M., both of whom were born in Pymosa township. Mr. Howard's farm contains four hundred and seventy acres of valuable land. Jonathan Du Bois lives on " section 35, where he purchased a farm of one hun- dred and sixty acres in 1867. He now owns eighty-five acres. He was the first ■7^ Ui^^^l-^ ^^7-10-^ -J:^=±^ .Jl 9 iL HISTORY OF CASS COUlTrY. 571 %^ occupant of his farm. He was born in Ulster county, New York, in 1816, and lived there until thirty-five years of age. He was there married to Anna E. Dicker- son, a native of that State. Mr. Du Bois removed with his family to Virginia, where they lived about five years, thence to Illinois. They improved a farm in Stark county, and remained in that State until they came to Cass county, in 1867. He began making improvements on his land the same year, breaking about sixty acres, and building his present residence. Mr. and Mrs. Du Bois have six children — Mathusalem, William PI., Alice M., Cath- erine J., Jonathan C. and Thomas C. The children were all born before the family removed to this county. Mr. Du Bois is a Democrat politically. He is a descend- ant of Louis Du Bois, who emigrated from Prance to New York in 1760. John Brewster resides on section 35 of Pymosa township. He owns a farm of one hundred and eighty acres, forty acres of which is on section 36, and the remain- der on section 35. He settled thereon in the spring of 1868, purchasing the land of A. C. Thorp. It was entirely unim- proved. Mr. Brewster broke about thirty- five acres during the season of 1868, and built his house the following year. Pe was born in Geauga county, Ohio, in June, 1840, and there spent his early life. His parents were Jesse and Anna Brewster, natives of the State of New York. His mother died when he was four years old, and his father in 1863. In August, 1861, Mr. Brewster enlisted in the Second Ohio Cavalry, and re-enlisted in January, 1863, serving altogether four years and one month, nearly the entire period of the 36 war. The first year he was on the Kansas frontier. In 1 863 he served in Kentucky and Tennessee, and in 1864 was with the Army of the Potomac. He was under command of General Sheridan during the last year of the war. He participated in the battle at Cedar Creek, where Sheridan saved the day after Early bad broken the ranks of the Union army, and witnessed the surrender of General Lee at Appa- mattox. He was twice slightly wounded. After the war he returned to Ohio, re- maining there until he came to Cass county. He was married to Clara A. Brooks, who was born in Van Buren county, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Brewster have five children — Jessie, Mary, Maud, Paul and Bradley. They lost an infant cfaughter, Stella, in 1871. Stephen Nichols was born in Lorain county, Ohio, June 12, 1843. He was reared upon a farm, and for ten years was engaged in getting out timber in the wooded regions of Lorain county. In April, 1866, he came to Iowa, and stopped at Cedar Rapids until September of the same year. In 1S67 he raised a crop of ijrain on the site of the present city of Atlantic. He bought his present farm in 1868, of Jeremiah Sample. It is located on sections 35 and 36 of Pymosa town- ship, and contains one hundred and forty acres in all. It was unimproved at the time of his purchase. He settled on this place in April, 1868, making his first im- provements in that year. He drew the lumber for his first house, which is a part of his present residence, from Council Bluffs. His farm is now all under im- provement. Mr. Nichols was married in Marion, Linn county, Iowa, to Flora C. r Jiil? 'k 5l2 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Codding, a native of Ohio. They have two sons and two daughters — Burt, Flor- ence, Roy and an infant daughter. Smith Stevens was born in Litchfield county, Connecticut, in 1830. His father was born in the same county in 1792. Mt. Stevens was brought up on a farm in his native State, but was engaged in mer- cantile trade for many years. He came west to Iowa in 1855, and settled on a farm, where he lived until 1882, at which time he came to Pymosa township, and settled where he now resides, on section 17. His wife was formerly Eliza Day, and was born in Litchfield county, Con- necticut, in 1824. They have three chil- dren — Frank, living in this township; Ella, wife of Israel Painter; and Belle, wife of Michael Spellticb, of Scott county. John Moeller, who resides on section 9, purchased his farm of Nelson Anderson, in February, 1884. He was born in 1842, in Germany, and came to the United States with his parents in 1852. His father, Fred. Moeller, settled in that year in Scott county, Iowa. Fred. Moeller was a carpenter by trade, and built the first brewery in the city of Davenport. He afterwards settled on a farm in that county, where he remained till 1872, when he moved to Atlantic, Cass county. He now keeps a grocery and shoe store in the city of Atlantic. A brother of John Moeller keeps the Commercial House in Atlantic. The subject of this sketch came to this county in 1870, and bought a farm near the town of Griswold. He run a meat market in Atlantic six years. He was married to Lizzie Binger, a native of Germany, and they have four children — Fred F., Henry, John and Emma. Thomas 6. Smith, a respected citizen of Pymosa township, settled upon his present farm, in section 6, in 1876. He purchased his land, which was then unim- proved, of P. Gaston. He has one hun- dred and forty acres, all of which is im- proved and fenced. He has an orchard of one'hundred trees. Mr. Smith was born in Butler county, Ohio, in 1831. At the age of ten years he went to Indiana, in which State he resided until he came to Cass county, in 1876. He was married in March, 1872, to Addie Franklin, a native of Indiana. They have four children, two sons and two daughters— Robbie, Shel- don, Mabel and Herbert. Mr. Smith is politically a Republican. Thomas V. Kinsey, the present teacher in district No. 1, of Pymosa township, is a son of Thomas J. and Catharine (Vaughn) Kinsey. He was born in South Wales, in- 1843, and came to the United States with his parents, who settled in Illyria town ship, Fayette county, Iowa. Thomas V. Kinsey came to Cass county about 1870, and purchased a farm in section 20, of Pymosa township. He purchased his present farm in 1880, of Clarkson Broth- ers. It is located on section 8, of the same township. The, first improvements upon this land were made by Absalom Lynch. Mr. Kinsey was married to Stella Hopley, a daughter of John Hopley of Atlantic township. They have one son — Harry V., born September 10, 1878. Mr. Kinsey is a teacher by profession, in which he is very successful. He has taught seventeen terms. His parents, after coming to Iowa, lived in Illyria township, Fayette county. r ±^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 5'73 until their death. They had a family of eight children, four of whom are now liv- ing. Mrs. Mary Ann Stevens, living in Fayette county, Mrs. Jane White, living in Valley county, Nebraska, William, in Fayette county, and Thomas V. Richard Barry resides on the southeast quarter of- section 16, where he settled February 5, 1873. He purchased his farm of Mrs. Mary A. Terry. It consisted of one hundred acres of unimproved land. This he has converted into his present highly improved and beautiful farm. His house which stands near the center of the farm, was erected in 1881 at a cost of thirteen hundred dollars. His barn was built the following year and cost four hundred dollars. Mr. Barry is one of the successful farmers and stock raisers of Cass county. He was born in Scott county, Iowa, July 5, 1838. His father, David Barry, was a native of Scotland and one of the pioneers of Scott county. He set- tled on a farm in that county on which lu- resided until his death. Richard wa^ reared a farmer but since the age ol twenty-one years, has been generally en- gaged in the stock business. He was mar- ried to Harriet Winfield, a daughter ol Edward Winfield, and a native of Soott county, born September 22, 1838. Her father was one of the pioneers of Scott county, where he died in 1881. Her mother died the following year. Mr. and Mrs. Barry have three children — Nancy, born in Scott county, Freddie, born in Cedar county, and Fanny, born in Cass county. Frank C. Goodala of Pymosa township, is a son of Thomas Jefferson Goodale, one of the pioneers of Cass county. The lat- ter came here July 17, 1853. He entered during that year, land in section 6, of Benton township, and from that time until 1856, entered a large amount of land, com- prising not less than fifteen hundred acres in the townships of Benton and Py- mosa. In addition to this he entered a large tracts of land for other parties, both in Cass and Audubon counties. The home- stead on which he settled and resided till his death, was on the northwest quarter of the southwest quarter of section 6, of Benton township. He owned at onetime the whole of that section. Thomas Jeffer- son Goodale was born in Connecticut, in 1802, but was reared upon a farm in "Ver- mont. When a young man he went to Oliio, where he was married to Almira Paltee, his present widow. She was born in Canada but went to New York when quite young, thence to Ohio. Several years after his marriage^ Mr. Goodale re- moved to Allen county, Indiana, where le improved a farm of timbered land, and ived for eighteen years, or until the sum- mer of 1853. He was prominent among die pioneers of this region and perhaps the name of no old settler is more inti- mately connected with the history of Cass county, than that of Jefferson Goodale. His death occurred at the homestead in Benton township, October 2, 1882. He lacked only a few weeks of reaching the advanced age of eighty years. His wid- ow still lives at the homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Goodale had a family of eleven children, of whom seven are now living — Almon, in Nebraska; Mrs. Mary A. Iloyt, in Colorado, Mrs. Elizabeth B. Ev- erett, also in Colorado; Mrs. Harriet M. Campbell, in Pymosa; Mrs. Hannah A. Vtr- =SK* -k^ ^ 574 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Johnson, in Atlantic; Frank C. and Mrs. Sarah J. Case, of Atlantic. Frank C. Goodale was born in Indiana in 1842. He came here with his father in 1853, being then eleven years old, just the proper age to retain a vivid recoUeclion of the pio- neer times of Cass county. He was mar- ried to IsabelTatlow, daughter of Thomas W. Tatlow, an early settler in Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Frank C. Goodale have six children— William E , Dora, George W., Ira B., Mabel and Beecher. Mr. Good- ale resides on the south half of the north- east quarter of section 11, which was in- cluded in the entries made by his father. John Desmond is a native of Henry county, Illinois, born in 1845. He re- moved to Rock Island county in the same State, and then to Linn county, Iowa. He came here from the latter place in 1874. In May of that year he purchased a farm of eighty acres in section 34. This he improved and lived upon until 1883. He then bought of F. H. Whitney, adjoining land in the same section to which he re- moved. He now has^one^hundred acres of land, all of which has been improved by himself, and is a valuable and highly desirable place. Mr.'^Desmond was mar- ried to Ellen Dugan, a native of Illinois. They have six children — William, Mary, John, Margaret, Catharine and Francis. " M. F. Desmond settled in the spring of 1878, on the east half of the northwest quartei; of section 35. He purchased this farm of John B. Strator, who made the improvements upon it. Mr. Desmond was born in McHenry county, Illinois, in 1846. He was there reared to the occu- pation of farming. He removed to Rock Island county with his father, Cornelius Desmond, about 1862. The latter, in the fall of the following year, returned to McHenry county where he resided until his decease in 1869. M. F. Desmond went to Chicago in 1873 and for three years was a member of the police force of that city. He then came to Cass county. Mr. Desmond was married to Mary Calahan, daughter of Bartholomew Calahau. John Desmond, a brother of M. F. Desmond, resides in Pymosa town- ship, where he owns a farm of eighty acres. EDUCATIONAL. The first school taught within the boundaries of the territory which Pymosa now comprises, was during the summer of 1856, at the dwelling of S. L. Lorah, on section 14, by Tamar E. Lorah, a daughter of the Judge. She now resides in DesMoines and is the wife of P. D. Ankeny, clerk of court. The house in which this term of school was taught is now owned by the heirs of Thomas Greene, and occupied by N. P. Harris. School district No. 1 includes the ter- ritory of sections 1, 2, 11 and 12. In the fall of 1864 the first school house was erected in this district at a cost of about $300, and was 18x24 in dimensions. This building was used until 1875 when the present house was erected on the north- west quarter of section 12 at a cost of about $700. F. E. Crawford was the pio- neer teacher in this building. J. H. Lep- per is the present director of the district. District No. 2. — The building for this district was erected in -the fall of 1872, at a cost of $550. It is situated on the northwest corner of section 10. Rosa •^ ij »|V ^1 iSriw Ll^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 575 Lewis was the first teacher. 6. C. Camp- bell is the present sub-director. District No. 3. — The first school house built in this district was erected in the fall of 1864 on the southeast quarter of section 7. The first teacher in this build- ing was Meliuda Norton. The present school building was erected in 1875, at a cost of $700. It is located oh the south- east corner of section 6. Horace Lynch was the first teacher in this building. The present teacher is Miss Benton, and the sub-director is Ulysses Joyce. District No. 4. — The school house of this district is situated on the southeast corner of section 18, in 1872.JPrior to this, school was taught in a log cabin on sec- tion 1 9, by Emma J. Harris, now the wife of H. C. Herbert, of Audubon. The pre- sent school building cost $550. Horace Lynch was the first teacher in this build- ing, and Julia Grant is the present teach- erl T. W. Gaddis is the sub-director. District No. 5. — The first school in this district was taught in the summer of 1860, by Sarah Rush at the dwelling of James Brinkerhoff. The first school building in the district was erected in 1864, and Miss Emeline Lorah was the first to teach within its walls. This building was used for school purposes until 1875, when the present structure was erected, on the southeast corner of section 16, at a cost of about $700. The first teacher in this building was W. H. Miles. The present sub-director is J. S. Andrews. District No. 6. — The school house in this district was built in the fall of 1872, in the center of the southwest quarter of section 13. Its cost was $550. Jesse Harris was the first teacher. H. M. Bourne is the present sub-director of this district. District No. 7. — The building for edu- cational purposes in this district was erected in 1872, at a cost of $735. The size of this building is 22x30 feet; it is located on the northeast corner of section 35. Mrs. S. E. Smith was the first teach- er in this building, and B. B. Campbell is the sub-director. District No. 8. — The first school in what is now this district was taught in 1863, in a log cabin on section 27, by John Ging- ery. A school house was built on section 34, in the fall of 1868, which was used un- til the present building was erected, in 1879. It is located in the center of the northwest quarter of section 34. The cost of the edifice was $500, Mary Fox was the first teacher in this building, and Irene Marifield, of Madison county, is the present teacher. The sub-director is W. S. Everett. District No. 9. — This district has a neat school house which was built in the sum- mer of 1874, on the northeast corner of section 31. It is 22x30 feet in dimensions, and was built at a cost of $735.' Florence Morris was the first teacher in this house. The present teacher is Florence Williams, and the sub-director is James Wilson. The school board of the district town- ships of Pymosa is, therefore: District No. 1, J. H. Lepper; No. 2, G. C. Camp- bell; No. 3, Ulysses Joyce; No. 4, T. W. Gaddis; No. 5, J. S. Andrews; No. 6, H. M. Bourne; No. 7, B. B. Campbell; No. 8, W. S. Everett; No. 9, James Wilson. J. W. Butler is secretary; J. H. Lepper, president, W. S Everett, treasurer. •F ±\i:. 576 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. PTMOSA POSTOFFICB. This poBtoffice was established in the spring of 1855, at the log cabin of James Brinkerhoff, on section 11, where David Greene's residence now stands, with the former named gentleman as postmaster. There was no mail pouch received at this office, but the mail was delivered from Cold Springs postoffice, at Iranistan, which was on the through stage route east and west, by whatever resident of Pymosa that might happen to be down there. This was probably the second post office established in the county, and was some time afterward discontinued. HISTORIC. The first term of school was taught by Tamar E. Lorah, in the summer of 1856, at her home on section 14. The first religious services held in the township was in the winter of 1854-5, at the log cabin of a man by the name of James Kincaid. The first law suit occurred in the fall of 1856, at the log cabin of 'Squire Brink- erhoff. Milton Wilson contracted to make some shingles for Williani Hamlin, and as they were not satisfactory, the job was not completed and Hamlin sued for damages. Edward Gingery was one of the jurors. The first frame house was erected by Samuel Knepper, in the fall of 1855, on section 2. In the spring of 1855, Samuel Lorah built the second frame dwelling, on section 14. Edward Gingery hauled a load of wheat to Council Bluffs in 1861, a distance of over sixty miles. He was gone four days and only received ten dollars for the en- tire load. During the war wheat sold as low as twenty cents per bushel in Cass county. At an early day Mr. Gingery also took eggs to Grove City, for which he received but three cents per dozen. Burr Mosier was a notorious rough and drinking character, who made his home some distance north of where Atlantic now stands. He made himself famous, as well as disliked by most of the people, in the days of the early settlement. He changed his place of residence to Indian- town in 1858, where his unsavory reputa- tion did not improve. He enlisted in Company I, Twenty-third Iowa Infantry, at its organization. He cooked for the officers' mess, principally for Col. Kins- man. ' He left with K. C. Gordon, in the spring of 1871, for southern Kansas, and the next that was heard from him here was the report that he had been killed by Indians in Kansas; but he was seen the next year in Mexico, by N. L. Mills. When Jeremiah Bradshaw and his party were in Audubon county, in the spring of 1851, they saw the grave of the old Pottawattamie chief, Pyraosa^ His grave was between Oakfield and the Cass county line. He was encircled by what was left of a mound, and had been placed in a sitting posture against the .stump of a tree. The Mormons, who had seen the tomb before it had crumbled away, said that it was encircled by two fences, one inside the other, with openings on the west side corresponding with the one on that side of the mound. Only the posts of these fences were left standing. Victor Bradshaw, who had paid some attention to phrenology, took the skull from the skeleton, and, going back to camp, told the folks that he had found "an old-fash- ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 677 ioned gourd." His mother being dis- pleased with his keeping it, he threw it away, and on looking for it again, could not find it. It was said that when Pj'mosa was buried, his gun and other effects were placed in the mound b}' his side. But these had disappeared at the time of this inci- dent. EESOLUTION BT BUABD OF SUPERVISORS ON RETIREMENT OP J. L. BYRD. The October term of the county board, 1870, was the last as constituted with one member from each township. The sepa- ration of the board of that year seems to have been a sorrowful one. At the Octo- ber meeting a long series of resolutions expressive of their sentiments of regret were adopted. The members had served from one to five years together. The last one of the resolutions was of a personal nature, and was as follows : "Hesolved, That we regard our aged brother, J. L. Byrd, who has served us for five years as chairman, with veneration and esteem, and that his deportment to the members of this board has always been marked with dignity, courtesy and kindness, becoming his position, and that during his services as chairman, no appeal has been taken from his decisions, and in parting with our chairman, he takes with him to the end of life our heartfelt esteem for the many little kindnesses shown us during our association with him." EKLIGIOTJS. The class of the Buck Creek M. E. church was organized in 1861. The pres- ent building was erected in the summer of 1874, at a cost of about 83,000, and dedicated in October of that year by E. M. II. Fleming, presiding elder. It is lo- cated on the southeast corner of section 7. (See ecclesiastical chapter for full particu- The Five-Mile Grove Methodist Epis- copal church was organized in August, 1881, by Kev. L. M. Campbell. Their church building was erected in 1882. It cost $1,300. The present pastor is Rev. E. J. Brooker. (For further particulars, see ecclesiastical chapter). The Five-Mile Grove Union Sunday- . school was organized in 1878, at the old school house in district No. 8. (See eccle- siastical chapter). CEMETERY. James Mahew and James BrinkerhofF deeded an acre of land situated on the northeast quarter of section 22, for ceme- tery purposes, about the year 1856. The first interment was a child of James Brinkerhoff, which was removed from his place to the cemetery. The next burial was that of the body of Charles Harris, a brother of James and Allen, who reside in Pymosa township. s r- 4#il^ ''^ 578 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTy. CH apte:r"xxi VICTORIA TOWNSHIP. This townsbip lies in the southeastern corner of Cass, and is bounded upon the north by Massena township, with Adair county on the east, Adams on the south, and Edna township on the west. It is a full congressional sub-division, known as township 74, range 34, comprising about 23,040 acres, which is well known through- out the county as rich and very produc- tive soil. The township is quite well watered by numerous small creeks and branches of the West Nodaway, which flows through sections 6 and 7, in the northwest corner of the township. There is but very little timber of natural growth found within the borders of Victoria, but a large number of artificial groves are be- ing developed by her citizens. The char- acter of the land is generally rolling. This icrritory, which, less than twenty years ago, not a house could be seen in all the vast expanse of prairie land, is at present a well-settled district, which can boast of as fine farms and spacious buildings, as any in the county. EAELT SETTLEMENT. William E. Johnson, a native of Con- necticut, was the first to effect a settle- ment within the borders now known as Victoria township. At an early day he emigrated to Trumbull county, Ohio. His father, Henry, was also an early set- tler of Trumbull county. In 1856, Wil- liam removed to Fayette county, "Wiscon- sin, 'and in the spring of 1857, came to Victoria township, settling on section 6. He remained here several years, when he disposed of his property arid removed to Cloud county, Kansas, where he now re- sides, engaged in agriculture. Mr. John- son was born November 14, 1821, in the the State of New Tork, near the Hudson river, and was the son of Henry and Eliz- abeth (Holcomb) Johnson. He was mar- ried in 1846, in Ashtabula county, Ohio, to Catharine Walden, daughter of Rev. Asa Walden. Rev. Asa Walden was bom in Connec- ticut, in 1790. At the age of seventeen he removed with his parents to Trumbull county, Ohio, who were among the early settlers of that county. He was married in Bristol, Trumbull county, in 1813, to Mary Cline, who was born in Virginia in 1794. Her parents were also early set- tlers of Trumbull county. When a young man he! united with the M. E. church, and later became a minister of the gospel of that denomination. In 1847, he removed to Ashtabula county,where he engaged in preaching and farming until 1856, when he went to Wisconsin. In the spring of 1857, he came to Victoria, effecting a set- tlement on section 6, and was probably ^ >|V ^e. Xv HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 579 the second settler of that territory, as he come but a short time after his son-in-law, William Johnson. He here united with the Christian church, and for some time afterward preached for that denomination. His death occurred August 1, 1861, and in 1878, the demise of his wife took place. There were eleven children born to them, four of whom are still living — Philena, widow of Mr. Lidle, who resides at pres- ent in Harrison county, Iowa; Catherine, wife of William E. Johnson, living in Cloud county, Kansas; Sophronia, wife of Isaac Johnson, a resident of Edna town- ship; and Mary A., wife of Rufus L. Peasley, resident of Harrison county, Iowa. The next settlement of Victoria was that of Frank H. Whitney, and his father, John. Frank came in January, 1858, and began the erection of a log cabin, which after its completion, was occupied for some time by his father. In March, of this year, he broke out some land and raised quite a fine crop of corn from the sod, which was undoubtedly the first grown in the township. Mr. Whitney is noticed at length in connection with the banking interests of Atlantic, where he now resides. Another early settlement in the town- ship was made by Thomas Tate, in 1859. He is a native of England, and came from Adams county, Wisconsin, to Victoria, settling on section 1, where he still re- sides. He was married in 1838 to Eliza- beth Betts, also a native of England. They have seven children — John, George, Thomas, William, Eliza, Sarah and Alice. When he first settled in the township his market place was Council Bluffs. Mathew Symons, an Englishman, came in 1869. He entered a rough tract of land on section 36, where he has since remained, engaged in agricultural pur- suits. , As early as 1871, settlements were made by R. Bell, J. G. Sholes, Joshua Devore, H. P. Sweet, Lemuel Jones, A. L. Beadle and J. A. Hill. Robert Bell was a native of Scotland, and settled on the northwest part of sec- tion 25, where he remained until his death. J. G. Sholes, a native of Vermont, entered a homestead on section 35, where he remained until 1881, when he disposed of his property here, and removed to Nebraska. H. P. Sweet came from New Hamp- shire, and settled upon section 27. Pie remained here but a short period, when he sold his property and removed to Woodbury county, from which place he subsequently went to Dakota, where he still resides. Lemuel Jones settled on section 8, where he lived a few years, and disposed of the place to Alexander Dallas, who still resides there. Mr. Jones removed to Adams county, where he now lives. Joshua Devore resides on section 28, having a farm of two hundred and fifteen acres of cultivated land. He was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, on the 1st of December, 1824, and when ten years of age went to Columbia county, Ohio, where he grew to manhood. ICe was married on the 2d of July, 1840, to Caroline Lacy, a native of Germany. They have been blessed with eight chil- dren — Hannah C, Joshua P., Andrew, R* •«» Q_ ^ — 'k. 580 niSTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Henry J., George L., Franklin E. and Elizabeth. Hannah died on tlie 14th of November, 1878. Mr. Devore came to Hardin county, Ohio, from Columbia county, and bought a farm in Jackson township, and there remained until the fall of 1870, when he came to Iowa, and spent the winter in Mt. Etna, Adams county, and settled on his present farm in the April following. He has planted a fine orchard, and has large numbers of stock, which are nicely sheltered. Mr. Devore was the first assessor elected in Victoria township. He has held the ofiice of township trustee, and is at present jus- tice of the peace. A. L. Beadle, a native of Illinois, set- tled upon section 27, purchasing some land of H. P. Sweet, and still occupies the place. J. A. Hill, whose nativity is traced to Wayne county. New York, came from Jo Daviess county, Illinois, and settled upon section 14, his present residence. OTHER PROMINENT SETTLERS. After this the settlers came in more rapidly, and it would be impossible, in this connection, to trace them with any degree of regularity. However, among those who came in since that time and are now prominent citizens, may be men- tioned the following, as representing the class of Victoria's inhabitants: Julius Triplett is a native of Bureau county, Illinois, and was born on the 11th of June, 1844. He was there .educated, and in 1865 was engaged in the mercantile business in Illinois. In 1867 he sold out and resumed farming in Bureau county, where he remained until 1874, when he came to Cass county, and settled in Vic- toria township, where he now owns two hundred and forty acres of improved land and a nice set of buildings. He was united in marriage in February, 1867, to Miss Ella Codington, a native of New York. They have five children living — Clate, Jennie, Bessie^ Julia and Ned. Mr. Triplett is the present township clerk, having held that position seven years. He was elected in the fall of 1881, to rep- resent the fifth district. William Holste was born in Germany in 1832, and in 1847 came to America with his parents, and located in Cook county, Illinois, where they were among the first settlers. He lived there until grown to manhood, assisting his father to improve the farm. He was maiTied in 1855 to Miss Mary Tatge, a native of Germany. He and his wife went to Benton county, Iowa, and were there among the early set- tlers. They remained there eight years, when they returned to Cook county, buy- ing a farm near the ol,d homestead. In 1881 he bought a farm in Victoria town- ship, Cass county, Iowa, of six hundred and forty acres, which is one of the largest farms in the township. He 1 as improved his farm, and has set out a large orchard. Mr. and Mrs. Holste have been blessed with six children — William, George, Henry, Johnnie, Herman and Mary. William Holste, Jr , son of William and Mary (Tatge) Holste, was born in Benton county, Iowa, on the 17th of October, 1855. He moved to Cook county, Illinois, at an early age, and was there educated in the common schools. He was united in marriage in 1877, toEmmaBarnharelt, a native of Cook county. In 1880, Mr. Holste and his wife came to Cass county, * HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 581 settling in Victoria township, and bought a farm on section 27, of Charles Pickett. He has make many improvements, and it is now one of the best farms in the town- ship. They have been blessed with two children — Paulina and Alfred. Mr. Holste was elected township trustee in the fall of 1883. Nathan Spier came to Cass county in February, 1880, having the January previ- ous, purchased a farm, which he now oc- cupies on section 22, Victoria township. He was born in Iowa county, Iowa, on the 19th of October, 1851. His father, Charles R. Spier, was born in New York, and was one of the early settlers of Iowa, coming there in 1847. His mother, Angeline (Hortwell) Spicer, was a native of Ohio, and died in 1853. Nathan .was reared to manhood in Iowa county, and in 1873 he ■was married to Sarah De Haven, a native of Virginia. They have four children living— Nellie R., Earl K., Nettie E. and Dora N. In 1872 Mr. Spier moved to Taylor county, and then to Adair county, but soon after came to Cass county. He now owns a large orchard, and has one of the finest houses in the township. John Krouse was born in Germany, on the 26th of February, 1835. When about eleven years of age be left his native country, and emigrated to America, and tirst settled in New York. In a month or so he moved to Pennsylvania, and was there engaged in different occupations. He remained there eleven years, when he removed to Cook county, Illinois, where he was engaged in carpentering six years, when he came to Grundy county, Iowa, and there worked at his trade for one year. In 1875 he came to Cass county, and rented a farm on section 7, Victoria township, and in the year 1882, he bought his present farm on section 10. It is now nicely improved, and he has erected a nice frame house and several granaries and stock barns. Mr. Krouse was married in 1875, to Louisa Snyder, also a native of Germany. They have seven children — Katie, Henry, Daniel, Louisa, Johnnie, Willie and David. Richard Bell, born in Scotland, August 10, 1822, is a resident of section 26, Vic- toria township. He was a shepherd when only fourteen years of age, and was so employed until 1871, when he left his na- tive land and came to Quebec, and re- maining there a short time he went to Marshall county, Illinois, where he rented a farm for two years, when he came to Cass county, and settled on his present location, where he bought (two years pre- vious to this) a farm, planted a grove and began to cultivate his land. Since that time he has purchased other land, owning now about three hundred and sixty-three acres, and raises some fine stock. He was married in 1846, to Margaret Willy, who died in 1856, leaving three children — Agnes, Janet and William. His second wife's name before her marriage was Mar- garet Hall, by whom he has had two chil- dren — Thomas and Richard. George N. Morse was born in Bedford, New Hampshire, on the 27th of June, 1842, and when twelve years of age he moved with his parents to Clinton county, Iowa, where he was educated in the pub- lic schools. He was married on the 2d of June, 1868, to Hattie Cornell, a native of New York State. Mrs. Morse died in September, 1873, leaving three children ^i \A. 582 HISTORf OF CASS COUNTY. Hattie, Bertrand and Reginald. Mr. Morse was again married in 1881, to Mar- garet E. Hollen, and by whom he has had one child, Henry. In 1877, Mr. Morse came to Victoria township, Cass county, and purchased land on section 20, and has since planted shade and fruit trees, and has, since his settlement there, built a nice frame residence an(J other farm buildings. He has also purchased one hundred and twenty acres since first coming here, own- ing at present a farm of two hundred and eighty acres. Mr. Morse has been hon- ored with the office of justice of the peace, and still holds that position. J. O. H. Spinney came to Victoria town- ship, Cass county, in March, 1877, having previously bought the southwest quarter of section 14, which was at that time an unimproved prairie. Since his settlement he has purchased other land,and now owns 800 acres of land. He has planted a fine or- chard, built a dwelling house, and has erected necessary farm buildings for shel- tering stock and grain. Mr. Spinney was born in Freedom, Maine, on the 9lh of November, 1837. He was there reared and educated in the public school. At the opening of the war he enlisted in the service, being in most of the principal battles. He was honored by several minor promotions, and in June, 1862, he was promoted to fourth duty sergeant, and so remained until 1864, when he was made first lieutenant. A few weeks later he was made captain of his company, and so remained until the close of the war. In the winter of 1865, he was detailed as clerk at the Brigade headquarters and in the spring was appointed marshal, at luka, Mississippi. He was honorably discharged in November, 1865, and went to Stark county, Illinois, where he had moved before the war, and worked at the carpenter's trade until 1869, when he went to the Pacific coast, where he en- tered large tracts of timber land, and was engaged as depositor at the land office in Oljmpia, Washington Territory. In 1870, he concluded to return east, and traded the timber land which he had en- tered for the land which he now owns in Cass county. On his return home he re- sumed the management of the water cure at Davenport, for two years, when he re- turned to Stark county, and there remain- ed until coming to his present location, in 1877. Mr. Spinney was married on the 1st of January, 1866, to Julia H. Beville, a native of New York. They have been blessed with three sons — Burton A., Louis B. and Howard H. Thomas Tabasinske came to Cass coun- ty in 1874, and settled in Lincoln town- ship, where he purchased eighty acres of land, which he sold in 1876, and settled in Victoria township, on the southwest quarter of section 16. When his land was first settled it was nothing but a wild prairie, but he soon built ajiouse, planted a grove, and improved his land, and at the present time his farm is one of the best in this part of the county. He was born in Milwaukee county, Wisconsin, in 1851, and when ten years of age he moved with his parents to Illinois, settling in Bu- reau county, where he grew to manhood and was educated in the public sciiools of that place. Mr. Tabasinske was married in 1877, to Electa Widner, also a native of Wisconsin. They have two children — Eddie and Frank. •*J», ^«— -w. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 583 i\^ John Agnes was born in Scotland, in 1820. When three or four years of age he removed with his parents to the extreme northern part of Scotland, where he was reared to manhood. At an early age he became a shepherd, and watched his flocks on the mountain side until 1858, when he left his native land and came to America, and settled in Marshall county, Illinois and there remained until 1872, when he came to Cass county, Iowa, and settled in Victoria, where he built a nice house and planted a large grove. In 1848, he was married to Jane Burnett, a native of Scot- land. They were blessed with eleven children — Margaret, William, Isabella, Lizzie, James, Thomas, Robert, Adam, Jane, Alexander S., Violet and Johnnie. Mr. Agnes was carried by the angel of death, from his family and friends in April, 1882, and his departure was greatly mourned by all who knew him. He was a man of more than ordinary ability, and his substantial and prominent character was known to many of the citizens of Cass county. Among the prominent and substantial citizens of Victoria township, we will mention Martin Dressier, who was born in Pennsylvania, on the 11th of Novem- ber, 1849. When about five years of age he moved with his parents to Indiana, set- ting in Elkhart county, and nine years later moved to Mahaska comity, Iowa, where he was reared on a farm and re- ceived his education in the district school. He remained a resident of Mahaska coun- ty, engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1878, when he removed to Kansas, and took up a homestead in Graham county. Several years later he sold this claim and came to Cass county, Iowa, settling in Victoria township, in 1881, on section 15, where he now has an improved farm. Henry R. Moore is a native of Butler county, Ohio, born August 21, 1844. In 1851 he moved with his parents to Jeffer- son county, Iowa, where his father pur- chased a farm. Henry remained with his parents until seventeen years old, when he enlisted in company B, Nineteenth Iowa Infantry. He participated in the engage- ments of Prairie Grove, Van Buren, siege and capture of Vicksburg, capture of Yazoo City, Forts Gaines and Morgan, Spanish Fort, Mobile and Pierce's Point, Florida. He was one of our country's bravest soldiers, and it was one of his greatest ambitions to fight for our Union. He was discharged at the close of the war, and was nearly, and at times was entirely, blind, and did not regain his sight for over three years after the war. He re- turned to Jefferson county, and there re- mained until 1870, when he removed to Ilarrison county, Missouri, where he lived until 1878, when he came to Cass county, and located in Victoria township, and now occupies the south half of the south- east quarter of section 13. He was mar- ried in 1868, to Minerva E. demons, a native of Pennsylvania. They have five childi'en— Eva B , Ida E., Etta M., Janey L. and Frank T. In 1876, William H. Collman came to Victoria township, and settled on section 32, where he purchased a farm of his fa- ther, and began to cultivate bis land. He was born in Kendall county, Illinois, on the 25th of July, 1853, and is the son of Henry and Sophia Collman, natives of Germany. William was reared on a farm ~T- .^ • %^ 584 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. and remained a resident of Kendall coun- ty until he came to Victoria township, Cass county, in 1876. He was united in marriage in 1877, to Emma Schumann, a native of Germany. They have one child — Henry L. Mr. CoUman is one of the most successful men in the county, and is highly respected by his many friends. Johau Johannis, a native of Germany, was born on the 6th of May, 1828, where he was reared on a farm. In 1864, he left his native land and emigrated to America, where he settled in New York, but soon moved to Cook county, Illinois, and there remained until 1879, when he came to Cass county, settling in Victoria township, where he has planted shade trees, built a fine house and has improved his land. Mr. Johannis was married in 1853, to Mary Muns. They have had six children — Cbarlie, William, Henry, Au- gust, Mary and Lewis. \V. T. McKee came to Cass county, Iowa in 1873, settling on section 28, where he purchased eighty acres of prairie land. He sold his farm in Massena town- ship in 1881, and came to Victoria town- ship, where he has since resided. He was born on the 2l8t of February, 1847, in Blair county, Pennsylvania, and when six years of age he went to Maryland, and lived with his grandparents in Alleghany county, until fifteen years of age, when his parents moved to Maryland, he then made his home with them until seventeen years of age, when he enlisted in com- pany K, Third Maryland Infantry, serv- ing fifteen monthSjWhen he was discharged with his regiment. He then returned home and remained a short time, when he went to Davenport, Iowa, and was there engaged in farming until 1873, when he came to Cass county. He was married in February, 1867, to Mary Ruch. They have been blessed with seven children — Nora M.y Anna T., Henry F., Katie, Wil- liam A., James G. and Clara E. Robert Bagshaw resides on section 14, Victoria township, where he owns a large farm. He came to Cass county in the fall of 1872, and in the winter of 1874-5 he purchased the southeast quarter of section 14. He has improved this farm, and has planted an orchard and has some fine farm buildings. He was born in Derby- shire, England, in 1845. and was there lo- cated until 1869, when he left his home and emigrated to America, locating in New York. On the fourth of July, of the same year he moved to Wisconsin and there remained until 1873, when he came to his present location. He was married in 1873, to Elizabeth S. Walker,, a native of Illinois. They have six children — Robert J., Hugh F , Alice E., Alfred E., Lula F. and Mabel C. Walter Rae came to Cass county in 1875, and settled on section 25, Victoria township, and in 1877 hemoved to Adams county and^ there remained two years, when he came back to this county and settled in Lincoln township. In 1880 he rented a farm on section 23, and in 1882 bought his present location on section 23, Victoria township. He was married in 1871 to Janet .Johnson, a native of Scotland. They have seven children — Jessie, William, John, Allen, Robert, Mary and George. Mr. Rae is an elder of the Presbyterian church, and in this county is one of the prominent leaders of that faith. -^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 585 John M. Laing, a native of Michigan, was born on the 8th of February, 1842, and was there educated. In 1864 he started for Illinois, and located in Mo- Donough county, where he entered land, and there remained until 1872, when he came to his present farm in Cass county. He built a frame house which was des- troyed by a cyclone, and soon after built his present house. He has planted many shade and ornamental trees in his groves, and has three hundred and twenty acres of good improved land. He was married in 1865 to Emma Lindsey, and by whom he ha^ had seven children — George A., Dora E., Nettie M., Orlando J., Pay, Aaron F. and Chester A. Mr. Laing is class leader in the Methodist Episcopal church, and is one of the prominent mem- bers. Reuben Robinson, was born in Ver- mont, on the 25th of July, 1818. He was married in March, 1839, to Emeline Smith. He remained on the old home- stead until 1872, when he sold out and came to Illinois, where he spent a year in Lee county, and in the spring of 1873, he came to Cass county. The family lived in a wagon, by which they had trans- ferred theirgoods, and in the fall camped in a school house. They now own an im- proved farm on section 27, Victoria town- ship, have good buildings and a fine orchard. Mr, and Mrs. Robinson have been blessed with six children — Melvina B., Laura L., Elizabeth S., Emma N., Ella S. and Hattie. m'dill postoffice. This office was established in 1877, at the residence of Enos Sayerg, on section 21, with Enos Sayers as postmaster. He '^' held the office until 1879, when it was re- moved to the residence of John Codding- ton, on section 15, who was commissioned postmaster of the same, In the year 1 880, Mr. Coddington removed from the township and the office was then discon- tinued. The postoffice was on the mail route from Anita to Mt. Etna. OEGANIC. Victoria township assumed official or- ganization at the October election, 1870, held at the Tate school house, with Thomas Tate, Jr., organizer. June 11,1870, the territory technically known as town- ship 74, 34, was set off from Edna town- ship. The growth of this sub-division during the past few years has been rapid and substantial, as in 1873 there was a population of about two hundred, while to-day it has more than trebled that number. There is no record of a pro- ceedings of the first election, but it is learned from authentic sources that the following were the first officers: William E. Johnson, Thomas Tate, J. C. Sholes, trustees; Royal Hudspeth, clerk; Joshua Devore, assessor. EDUCATIONAL. School district No. 1, embracing sec- tions 1, 2, 11 and 12, has a school house on the south-east corner of section 2 erected in 1880. The first school in this district was taught by John Tate, at his house, during the winter of 1863-4. In 1867 a school house was erected on the south-west corner of section 1, and Eliza Tate was the first teacher. The first teacher in the new building, erected in 1880, was Fannie E. Moseley. -* n,^ ^1 a t^ 586 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. School district No. 2, includes sections 3, 4, 9 and 10. It has a school house lo- cated on the southwest corner of section 3, erected in 1876. Alice Hill has the credit of being the first teacher in this district. School district No. 3, including sections 5, 6, 1 and 8, has a school house on sec- tion 5, which was erected in 1884, Mrs. Eliza McDiarmid being the first teacher in this building. Prior to the erection of this building, school was held in the dis- trict at a house on section 7, which was built about the year 1868. The pioneer teacher in this house was Mrs. Royal Hudspeth. School district No. 4, comprising sec- tions 17, 18, 19 and 20, has a school house on the southwest corner of section 17, erected in 1878. The first school in this district was taught by Mrs. George N. Morse, at her home on section 20, in the fall of 1878. Before the term was com- pleted Mrs. Morse was taken sick and the school was abandoned. The first teacher in the school house, erected in 1878, was Alice Hill. School district No. 5, has a school house on the northwest corner of section 22, erected in 1877. The district embraces sections 15, 16, 21 and 22. Abbie Skellinger was the first teacher in the house erected in 1877. School district No. 6 comprises sections 13, 14, 23 and 24. This district was or- ganized in 1871, and the first s6hool was taught by H. S. Smeleer, at his house, lo- cated on section 14. In 1872 a school house was erected on the northwest cor- ner of section 24, at a cost of $600. Alice A. Hill taught the first term of school in this building. School district No. 7 embraces sections 25, 26, 35 and 36. The first school was held at the residence of Mathew Sym- onds, on section 36, in 1871, being a two months' term during the summer of that year, and taught by Francis Symonds. In 1872 a school house was erected in the southwest corner of section 25. Alice Webb was the first teacher in this build- ing. School district No. 8 includes sections 27, 28, 33 and 34. The first school house in this district was built in 1872, on the northwest corner of section 34. Mary Sweet taught the first term of school in this building during the winter of 1872-3. There were but six scholars, all children of Joshua Devore. School district No. 9 embracing sec- tions 29, 30, 31 and 32, has a school house on the northeast corner of section 31, which was erected in 1875. James Wat- ters taught the first term of school in this building. EBLIGIOrS. The United Presbyterian congregation of Victoria township was organized March 23, 1880. The meetings of the society are held in what is known as the Bell school house, on the southwest corner of section 25, in district No. 7. HISTORICAL EVENTS. The first school in the township was taught by John Tate, at the residence of his father, Thomas Tate, on section 1, during the winter of 1863-4. pIV ^ 'vt^ — «>■ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 587 The first death which occurred within the territory now known as Victoria, was that of Rev. Asa Walden, who died Au- gust 7, 1861. The first birth was that of William H., son of Wm. E. Johnson, born May 10, 1 858. The contracting parties to the first mar riage of Victoria, were Asa Walden, Jr., and a Miss Gardner, in 1861. The mar- riage ceremony was 'performed by Rev. Hillman. fe^ CHAPTER XXII. BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP. At the March term of the county court, in 1858, it was ordered that the following territory be set off and constitute the civil township of Brighton : All of township n north, range 37 west, and sections 4, 5, 5, 7, 8, 9, 16, 17, and 18 in township 70 north, range 37 west. When the petition for the setting off of this township was presented to Samuel L. Lorali, county judge, he asked the petitioners what name it should receive. Thomas Meredith sug- gested the name "Britain," wishing to have it so called in honor of his native country. But Judge Lorah objected, say- ing he had too strong a recollection of the old "tea trouble," to indulge in names of that kind. Mr. Meredith then suggested "Brighton," as a compromise. This be- ing acceptable, the task of naming the infant township was finished. The war- rant for holding an election for organiza- tion purposes was issued to Thomas Mere- dith, and the first election was ordered held at the house of Samuel K. Shields, April 5, 1858. When the civil townships were re-organ- ized, in 1870, to correspond with the con- gressional townships, Brighton was re- organized with its present boundaries, being township 77 north, range 37 west. The growth of the township has been rapid of late years, though it had a strug- ijle to hold its own for a time. The cen- sus of 1860 showed a population of sev- enty-three in the township. But the emigration to 'Colorado which had then commenced, was taking a good many away, and this, with the circumstance of the enlistment of volunteers for the army, left the township in 1863 with but forty souls within its borders. In 1865 emigra- tion had increased the number to 113. In 1867 the population was 129; in 1869 it was 308 ; in 1870, 337; in 1873, 403 ; in 1875, 617; and in 1880, with the impetus given by the growth of the hew town of Marne, 37 588 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. the total had reached 1,153, Since the census of 1880, it is safe to say that the population has considerably increased. The surface of the township presents a succcession of gentle undulations varied by occasional stretches of level prairie. Natural groves occur here and there to break the monotony of view, and what is lacking in this regard is supplemented by the many beautiful. artificial ones which adorn a large proportions of the farmers homes. The larger natural groves are : Berry's Grove, on the west half and the southeast quarter of section 32, and Eight- Mile Grove, on the northeast quarter of section 32, the northwest quarter of sec- tion 83, and the southeast quarter of sec. tion 29. The streams are also mostly well timbered for a portion of their length- Though Cass county is remarkable for for the uniform excellence of its water supply and natural ' drainage facilities probably none of her galaxy of town- ships is more favored in this regard than is Brighton. The Indian creek comes into the township at the middle of the northwest quarter of section 5, and flowing in a southerly direction, passes into Washington at the line between sec- tions 31 and 32. Camp creek has .its source in numerous little tributaries which rise in the northern part of Brighton, and in the southern part of Audubon county. These come together at little intervals till the creek begins to assume proportions, and when it reaches the center of 'section 16, it has its conflu- ence with Liitle Camp creek. It then runs south with a slight trend toward the southwest, passing into Washington at the center of the south line of section 82. Numerous branches, large and small, of these and other streams, supply the vari- ous farms with water for their stock and drainage for their land. Thus blessed by the hand of nature, and settled by a thrifty class of citizens, it is not strange that the township is rapidly growing in wealth, while the farmers are enabled to add regularly to their improvements, while keeping up those already made, as a result of their labors in this chosen re- gion. The Rock Island railroad runs diag- onally through the township, northwest by southeast, entering from the east at the middle of the east line of the south- east quarter of section 36, while its west- ern entrance into the township is at the middle of the west line of section 18. The town of Marne, centrally located on this line of road, affords to the citizens of the township a good market for their grain and stock, as well as a ready means of re- ceiving in return the products of the manufacturer and those of other soils. BABLY BETTLBMENT. Victor M. Bradshaw was the first set- tler in Brighton township. He left the settlement in the neighborhood of Indian- town and came to this township, and took up a claim at what is known as Ludley's Grove. He afterward removed to Cass township, and as a sketch of him appears in that township history, with which he is more identified, it is unnecessary to speak of him at length here. Aaron Byrd, son of James L. Byrd, settled on section 36, in 1852. Thomas Meredith came in 1855. He entered land now owned by William Trailor, John W. Berry and others, and ^ ;(r ^1 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 589 pitched his tent in what is since known as Eight-Mile-Grove. The family occupied a tent until Mr. Meredith completed the building of a house. An autobiograph- ical ske'ch of Thomas Meredith, with a remininisuence of early settlement, ap- pears in chapter 6, and any further note of him is unnecessary in this place, Thomas Ludley came in 1855. He had just come to America from England, his native country. He took up a claim in the north half of the southwest quarter of section 33, and erected a cabin near where the house of Mr. Altig now stands. In June, 1856, he purchased the northeast quarter of the southeast quarter of section 32; and again added to his possessions in 1858, by securing the north half of the southwest quarter of section 28. Although he was a constant seeker after more pos- sessions, he did not use much energy in improving what he had, and, in conse- quence, did not do well here. On accouni of his ill-success he left the county, going to Oregon. Leonard Everly came in 1855, and en- tered the west half of the northwest quar- ter of section 33, and the northeast quar- ter of the northwest quarter of the same section. He built a cabin on that part of his land which was in the south portion of Ludley's Grove, near a spring. His cabin was a very primitive one, being erected of sapling poles. He made a business of horse-trading, and was very successful at it, accumulating some wealth. He re- moved to a place west of Lewis, where he died. William E. Porter came in 1857, and entered the southeast quarter of the northwest quarter of section 33. John W. Russell camein August, 1857, and entered the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 33; in the year following he entered the remaining one hundred and twenty acres of the quar- ter section. He came here from Ohio more for the purpose of investing in land than taking up a permanent home, and could not be called a permanent settler, though he built a house in which to reside while here. At one time he owned four quarter sections, and still has large landed interests here. He is now residing in. the State of Ohio. John A. Collins came to Cass county in the fall of 1863, and spent the following winter in a small shanty on the present site of the residence of George W. Crouch, in the southeast quarter of section 24. The same winter he bought the place upon which he now lives. It comprises the north half of the southeast quarter and the east half of the northeast quarter of section 36. Upon this land was a small house, partially completed, which he fin- ished, and to which he has since built additions, making his present residence. He paid one hundred dollars down for his land, which left him the sum of twen- ty-five dollars to live upon until he could raise a crop. He owned one team and that a poor one. He broke, the first sea- son, three acres, and rented land to raise grain upon. He now has under cultiva- tion two hundred and forty acres, with good improvements, and is in a prosper- ous condition financially. Mr. Collins was born in Campbell county, Virginia, March 7, 1827, and is a son of James Collins. His mother, Mary Collins, was a native of Campbell county, of the same State. Both ■^ — A) 590 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. lA parents died ia Virginia. John Collins lived in that State until twenty-nine years of age, engaged in farming, and, a portion of the time, as traveling salesman. He was married in October, 1854, to Mary I. Lynch, a native of Campbell county, Vir- ginia, and daughter of John and Levicy Lynch. Mr. and Mrs. Collins removed in 1856 to Randolph county, Indiana, where they lived seven years upon a farm. They have nine living children — Elizabeth P., Mary E., Henry A., Liston, Walter, Sarah v., James F., Susan L., and Cleopatra A. Mr. Collins has been township trustee and is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Geoi'ge W. Crouch located on the southeast quarter of section 24, in 1864. George W. Crouch was born in Camp- bell county, Virginia, June 1, 1831. He is a son of Lewis and Matilda (Hogan) Crouch, natives of Virginia, where they resided until their decease. Mr. Crouch was married in Virginia, August 24, 1853, to Mary Blankinshift, a native of that State. In 1854, they removed to Indiana and remained until 1863. In that year they came to Cass county, and settled upon a farm in the southeast quarter of .section 24, Brighton township. Upon this place was a small log house, contain- ing one room, and twenty-five acres broken. At that time the coutitryin this vicinity was very new, and thinly popu- lated, the only dwelling in sight of his house being the cabin of James Harris. Indians were plenty, and the greater part of the land was unbroken prairie. Mr. Crouch paid for his land, thirteen dollars per acre, with a crop on. He came here with but little means, but is now in pros- perous circumstances. He has a fine farm of one hundred and sixty acres, all im- proved, with substantial buildings, and a good grove, a part of which was planted by himself. He is engaged in general farming. Mrs. Crouch died in this county a,nd he was again married, September 18, 18'70, to Mary Johnson, a native of Vir- ginia, and daughter of Thomas and Eliza- beth Johnson. Mr. Crouch had, by his first marriage, four children — Alice, now the wife of S. Allen, and living in Arkan- sas; Roland, living in Cass county; Charles L., living at home, and Sarah C, who died October 19, 1879. William M. Trailor, one of the early settlers of Cass county, came here in 1864. In the fall of that year he built a log cabin on the banks of Indian creek, on the southwest quarter of the northwest quarter of section 29, Brighton township. He removed here from Menard county, Illinois, with wagons. On his arrival .in Lewis, he metThomas Meredith, of whom he bought a quarter section of land, a portion of which was on the northwest quarter of section 29, and one hundred and twenty acres on the southwest quarter of the same section. He occupied his cabin eighteen months, then built a house, having the frame sawed at a mill in Brighton township, about a mile south of his place. He lived in this house about two years, when it burned down. It was one and a half stories in height, and its dimensions were sixteen by twenty-six feet. The lumber of which it was built, doors, windows, shingles, nails, etc., were drawn from Boonesboro, one hundred miles distant, by Mr. Trailor. In the burning of his dwelling, he also lost his household furniture. His present resi- — ® \ ' 4® i\^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 591 dence is a much larger building, two stories in height. Mr. Trailor now owns more than eighteen hundred acres of land, including all of section 19, and the west half of section 20, also land elsewhere in the township, and some in Pottawattamie county. He has accumulated this property here, except five thousand dollars, which he brought with him when he came. Mr. Trailor was born in Menard county, Illi- nois, February 19, 1832. He is a son of Henry and Elizabeth (Robinson) Trailor, who moved to Illinois from Kentucky in 1830. The former was a native of Ken- tucky, the latter of Virginia. Both died in Illinois. "William M. Trailor lived in Illinois until he came to this connty, residing on the farm with his father until Li's marriage, March 22, 1853, to Miss Sarah A. Bell, a native of Menard county. She died in Cass county, and Mr. Trailor was again married in 1869, to Sarah E. Johnson, a native of Campbell county, Virginia. By the first union, there were five children — Harriet, wife of Lewis Allen, of Pottawattamie county; Marion S., living in Brighton township; Minerva M., wife of Earl Squires, also of Brighton township; Artie L., and. .Henry. Mr. Trailor has by his second marriage four sons, whose names are, Thomas, Edward, Francis and Murray. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and of the Methodist Protestant church. Mr. Trailer' is one of Cass county's most enterprising and prosperous farmers. William F. Altig came to Cass county in the spring of 1864, and purchased a farm of two hundred and forty acres, located on section 33 of Brighton town- ship. To this he has added, until he now owns four hundred acres lying in a body, apart of which is on section 32. He erected his present residence in 1872. Mr. Altig makes a business of raising stock, paying particular attention to Hol- stein cattle. His farm is admirably adapted to this branch of husbandry, both naturally and by improvement, being well watered by three springs, fenced and furnished with suitable buildings. Mr. Altig is an enterp'rising and thorough- going farmer, also a prosperous one. He was born in Masorj C(junty, Kentucky, August 14, 1832, and is a son of James M. and Maria (Elyea) Altig. The former was a native of Virginia, and died of Asiatic cholera in 1833, .when William F. \«as an infant of nine months. The latter was a native of New York. After the death of his father, his mother re- mained a short time in Kentucky, then removed to Ohio, and three years later (IBS'?) to Menard county, Illinois, where our subject resided till 1864. He was married there in 1856 to Mary A. King, who died in 1863, leaving him two chil- dren, William H. and Maria J., Ijoth of whom are now married, and living in Douglas county, Dakota. He was after- wards married to Miss E. J. Short. By this union there were five children — James M., who died at the age of thirteen months and ten days; Mary E., Eflie L., . John N. and Jerome B. Mr. and Mrs. Altig are members of the Protestant Methodist church. Mr. Altig belongs to the Masonic order and the Ancient Order United Workmen. Marion A. Butler came to the township in 1869. and located on a farm on sections 1 and 18, where he still resides. ^- -^ 9 ^ fe* 592 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. William Berry bought the land he now occupies, in 1857, but did not come here to live till 1872. William Berry, was born in Hampshire county, Virginia, October 18, 1819. He is a son of George and Sarah (Floyd) Berry. When three years old he remov- ed with his parents, to Clinton county, Ohio. He remained there until 1851, when he removed to Butler county, Ohio. He was a stone mason by trade and-always followed that occupation until he came to Cass county. He was married in Butler county. May 18, 1852, to Sarah Coulter, a native of that county, and daughter of Nathaniel and Mary (Buchanan) Coulter, who died in Butler county. Mrs. Berry died May 16, 1859, leaving four chil^-en — Amanda J., wife of John Jay, living in Dakota. Susan A., wife of James Jay, also in Dakota, .John W., in Butler county, Ohio, and Alice, who died August 16, 1860. Mr. Berry was again married De- comber 12, 1867, to Mrs. Margaret Zeek, widow of H. H. Zeek. Mr. Berry moved to this county in 1872, and settled upon land which he had purchased in 1857. He now rents his farm which contains one hundred and sixty acres. He is politic- ally a Democrat. Pierce Maher, a native of Ireland, came to Cass county in 1858, from Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, where he had been living for a few years, and purchased forty acres of land on section -32, in Brighton township. He is now a resident of the city of Atlantic, and is noticed at length in that connection. OTHBE EEPEKSENTATIVE PEOPLB. Besides these early comers, there are a number of people in the township who are worthy of note because of the part they have taken in the building up of the township. We give some of them: Rev. E. J. Locke came to this county in 1870, and settled on section 31, of Bright- on township, where he owns a fractional eighty. This place he purchased from James Pantier, who had made some little improvement. When it became the property of Mr. Locke it was in poor con- dition, and what little improvement there was seemed considerably dissipated. The present condition of the place indicates thrifty and good management. Here as well as elsewhere the home of Mr. and Mrs. Locke will be remembered, as a wel- come place for travelers and strangers, and the number who can testify to their kindness and hospitality is legion. In ad- dition to this land Mr. Locke owns forty acres in Pottawattamie county. He is a native of Rhode Island, born November 27, 1809, and is a son of Joshua R., and Waity (Sheldon) Locke, who were natives of the same State. He is of Scotch ex- traction, his great grandfather having been born in that country. He was brought up on a farm, and as his parents were in limited circumstances his youth was spent in hard work, and his opportu- nities for obtaining an education were such as the common schools afforded! When thirty-three years old he entered the ministry of the Baptist church, and his success as a preacher and religious teacher is evidenced by the fact that he preached in one place for a period of twenty-five years. In 1868 he went to Illinois and stopped at Stonington, Chris- tian county, where he continued in the useful work, to which he seemed so well r AT HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 593 fitted something more than ayear,when his health failed,and being unable to prosecute the important work with his old time vigor ond feeling the necessity for a change, he left the ministry and came to Iowa. He was married October 27, 1833, in Rhode Island, to Chloe Woodmansee, a native of that State, and daughter of John and Joshua Woodmansee. They have seven children now living — Waity A., born -April 19, 1855; Pardon T., born October 10, 1839; Hannah W., born April 2, 1842; Almon A., born April 11, 1845; Charles H., born March 2(5, 18 '(8; Sarah J., born May 8, 1852; and John E., born June 21, 1855. John W. Berry came to Cass county in February, 1867, and settled on section 32, Brighton township, where he bought three hundred and five acres of land in a body. There was a house standing on the bank of Indian Creek in the north- west quarter of the section, into which he moved, and lived one year. He then built his present residence, on the south west quarter of the same section. He now owns five hundred acres of land lying in a body. He at first, engaged in rais- ing grain, but has more recently raised a large amount of stock for market. Mr. Berry has always followed farming and has been successful in his business, being one of the well-to-do farmers of the coun- ty. He was born in Menard county, Ill- inois, March 29, 1835. He is a son of James Berry, a native of Tennessee, and Jane O. (Rutledge) Berry, a native of Virginia, who were early settlers in Menard county, where they were married. John W. lived on the homestead where he was born until he came to Cass county. He was there married, January 6, 1859, to Miss Harriet Bell, a native of Menard county, Illinois. Her parents were na- tives of Kentucky. Merritt Hewitt came here in 1875, and purchased eighty acres of land, located on the east half of the northwest quarter of section' 22, of Brighton township. It was then partially improved and is now in a high state of cultivation. He has a new and commodious residence, erected in 1882. It is pleasantly located and sur- rounded by a fine grpve. Mr. Hewitt was born June 7, 1843, in Erie county, Ohio, and is a son of Collins H. and Abi- gail F. Hewitt. The former was born in Cayuga county, New York, and died in Iowa in 1854. The latter was a native of Columbus county, Ohio. She died in 1856. The subject of this sketch lived in Ohio till ten years of age, then removed with his parents to Iowa county, Iowa. He enlisted in that county in 1862, in company G, of the Twenty-eighth Iowa Infantry. He was mustered into service at Iowa City, under command of E. P, Hendershot. He served until August 25, 1865, participating in the following bat- tles: Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, Vicksburg, Jackson, Sabine Crossroads, Winchester, Cedar Creek and others. He was mustered out at Savannah, Georgia. He returned to his home and was married November 15, 1868, to Elizabeth L. Coats, a native of New York, and daughter of D. W. and Sophronia F. Coats, of whom the former is dead and the latter is still living, resid- ing with her daughter, Mrs. Hewitt. Mr. and Mrs. Hewitt have four children May F., Edwin M., Ray C. and G. W. -7i r ^^ p^ 594 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Mr. Hewitt is the present assessor of Brigliton township, an office which he. has filled four years. He has voted with the Democratic party since 1864. He is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workingmen and Grand Army of the Republic. ■ J. R. Herbert, in 1861, traded his home in Hardin county, Ohio, for eight hun- dred acres of land in Brighton township, including the whole of section 2 and a part of section 4. He did this with the intention of providing homes for his sons. He built a house on a hill in the south- east corner of the land, the lumber of which was drawn from Dunlap and New Jefferson by Mr. Herbert's sons. After the house was completed, they discovered that it was not standing on his land, but just west of the boundary line, and were consequently obliged to move it. Mr. Herbert lived in this house two or three years. Hd has since given his land to his sons with the exception of one hundred and seventeen acres, which he reserved for himself. He has been successful financially, since-coming here, and is now living in comfort and ease, with pleasant surroundings. J. R. Herbert was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, September 23, 1814. His father's ancestors were Welch and his mother's Irish. When he was thirty years old he moved to Hardin county. There he improved a farm, and resided until his removal to this county. He was married July 7, 1836, in Ohio, to Hannah Barton, a native of Columbiana county, Ohio. She was born May 10, 1814. They had five sons, four of whom are living — Franklin, George W. and Jo- seph K. are residents of this county. Henry B. is sheriff of Audubon county. The second son, John W., died at the age of eighteen years. Mr. and Mrs. Her- bert are members of the M. E. church. Politically Mr. Herbert is a Republican. Mr. Herbert and his sons are among the most respected citizens of Cass county. Franklin Herbert, son of J. R. Herbert, was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, July 17, 1837. His early life was spent in his native State. He enlisted in 1861, in company D, of the Fourth Ohio Infantry and served three years in that regiment. He then re-enlisted in the One Hundred and Ninety-seventh Ohio Infantry, and served five months, or until the war closed. He received the appointment of corporal, December 12, 1861, and held that office throughout both terms of service. He participated in the engagements of Rom- ney, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, battle of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania and Coal Harbor. He was color guard after the battle of the Wilderness. Af- ter the war he returned to Ohio and re- mained till 1867. In that year he went to Wisconsin and, soon after, came to Cass county. Mr. Herbert's farm contains one hundred and sixty acres, upon which he I has made all of the improvements. It is ': located on section 2, of Brighton town- \ ship, comprising the southwest quarter of the section and is a well improved and desirable place. Mr. Herbert was mar- ried October 10, 1872, to Laura Franklin who died October 11, 1875, leaving one child, Mabel L. He was again married, December 19, 1877, to Laura Mott. By the latter union there are two children — Fred. W. and Delmar Owen. Mr. Her- bert has held some offices in the township T^ -.j^ ^ ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTr. 595 since the organization of the same, and is one of its most respected citizens. He is a member of the G. A. R. and the A. O. U. W. Joseph K. Herbert, son of J. R. Her- bert, was born in Hardin county, Ohio, July 24, 1853. He lived in that State un- til bis parents removed to Cass county, he being then fourteen years old. Here be resided with his parents until 1876. He settled on his present farm in ISIS. It contains eighty acres, located in the northeast and southeast quarters of sec- tion 2, a part of the land for which his father traded his home in Hardin county, Ohio, in 1867. He has a valuable farm and is engaged in stock raising. He was married, October 15, 1874, to Maria Lynch, a daughter of A. H. and Elizabeth (Blankenship) Lynch, now of Atlantic. Mr. and Mrs Herbert had four children — Melville P., born November 30, 1876; Roy J., born May 4, 1878; Laui'a M., born Jan- uary 14, 1881, and died March 11, 1882; and Ralph, born September 2, 1882. Mr. Herbert is politically a Republican. Both he and his wife are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. Henry Gordon lives upon the northwest quarter of section 26, where he owns a farm of one hundred and sixty acres. He came to Cass county in 1876 and purchased his farm from Isaac Dickerson. It was, at that time, unimproved prairie. He now has the land nearly all under cultivation and well fenced. He carries on general farming. Mr. Gordon was born in Jeffer- son county, Wisconsin, October 1, 1840. He is a son of Samuel and Sarah J. (Piper) Gordon, natives of New York. Henry Gordon came to this State in 1863, and settled on a farm in Iowa county, where he remained untu he came here. He was married November 13, 1861, to Emily Coats, a native of New York and daugh- ter of David and Sophronia (Sanders) Coats. They have had two children — William, who died when about three years old and Etta M., living with her parents. Mr. Gordon is a Democrat, politically and a member of the A. O. U. W. William C. Welsh, son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Sweet) Welsh, was born in Knox county, Ohio, September 18, 1855. He lived in his native State, until 1859, then removed with his parents.'to Bureau county, Illinois, where he was rciared and educated. He was employed as clerk in a store in Buda, in Bureau county, from 1870, then engaged upon the rail- road for three years. After this he was engaged in mercantile business until he removed to Cass county in the spring of 1878. He settled at that time, on the farm where he now lives, in the north- west quarter of section 25, of Brighton township. It was then unimproved. Mr. Welsh is engaged in stock raising, and is at present, intending to^make a specialty of Holstein cattle. He was married in Buda, Illinois, to Katie P. Murphy, Sep- tember 6, 1875. She is a native of Penn- sylvania. They have two children — E. Fay and George G. Mr. Welsh is a Re- publican, politically. Dewitt C. Cady is a native of Oneida, county, New York, born May 23, 1842. He is a son of B. F. Cady, who came to Cass county in 1870, and settled on the northeast quarter of section 35, of Bright- on township. In 1877 he built a house on the northwest quarter of the southeast •f r lT' *,|9 .^ 596 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. quarter of the same section. He died there in December, f879. His widow, Betsey M. (Sherburne) Cady, now lives in Atlantic. Dewitt C. Cady was reared in his native village, South Trenton. He received his education in Oneida county, and subsequently taught school there. He also taught a few terms in Cass county. ' He -was on the road as a traveling sales- man, ten years. He came to Cass county with his father and settled on his present farm, where he is engaged in general farming. He also keeps a small dairy. Mr. Cady was married October 26, 1869, to Hattie A. Owens, a native of Oneida county, New York, and daughter of Wil- liam and Mary Higgins Owens. They have three children — Frank C, Mary E. and Clarence W. Mr. Cady is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Stephen N. Elliott was born in Elgin county, Canada West, March 12,182'7. His father was John Elliott, a native of Con- necticut, who went to Canada when a young man, and was there married to Ann Anderson, who was born in the State of New York. Mr. Elliott's paternal grandfather was a soldier in the war of the revolution. Stephen N. Elliott lived in Canada until the age of twenty-six years, and there learned the trade of car- penter and joiner. He was married to Esther Buchanan, a native of Toronto, Canada, and a daughter of James and Ann Buchanan, who were of Irish de- scent. Mr. Elliott emigrated about 1853, to Portage City, Columbia county, Wis- consin, moving his family there in 1855. In 1662, they moved to Dodge county, Minnesota, and remained there until 1868, when he 8ol€ his property and came to Cass county. He purchased at that time, the southeast qwarter of section 23, Brighton township. He now owns two hundred acres, all of which is under culti- vation. He has a desirable location and a beautiful home. He is at present renting his land. Mr. and Mrs. El.liott have one son — Werden B. The faraily are members of the Baptist church. Robert A. Berry came to Cass county in 1869, and stopped with his brother, J. W. Berry, one year. He then purchased of William Green, two hundred acres of land on section 30, where he now resides. The land, at the time of his purchase,was slightly improved, but is now all under cultivation, except thirty-five acres of timber land. He is engaged in stock rais- ing. His farm now contains three hun- dred and twenty-six acres, all lying in section 30, is well watered and finely im- proved, having good buildings, fine orch- ard, etc. Mr. Berry was born in Illinois, May 15, 1848, and is a son of James and Jane (Rutledge) Berry, natives of Ten- nessee and Virginia, respectively. They died in Menard county, Illinois. Robert A. Berry lived in that county till fifteen years of age. He was married to Jennie Johnson, a native of Virginia, and daugh- ter of Thomas and Betsey Johnson, who came to Cass county in 1869, and settled in Brighton township. Both are now dead. Mr. and Mrs. Berry have six children living — Eva J., James O., Ona II., Gracie I. and Alta F. Mr. Berry is a member of theto wnship board of trustees and a Demo- crat, politically. Granville B. Olney, son of Vernon L. and Louisa Olney, was born in Knox county, Ohio, Novembers, 1841. His an- ^i I' J^ .iu HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 597 cestors were of English desoeut. "When he was eight years old, his parents moved to Mahaska county, where his early life was spent. From 1864 to 1866, he was in Rhode Island, employed by H. 6. Williams, in the cities of Providence and Pawtucket, one year, and by George W. Angel, to run a farm and milk wagon, one year. He then returned home and learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed four years. In 1869 and 1870, he carried on carpentering and manufacturing bee- hives, together. In 1871 he came to Cass county, and purchased eighty acres of land. He owned at one time, one hundred and eighty acres, all under cultivation and well improved. He is largely en- gaged in stock raising. In 1872 his sales of stock amounted to seventy-eight thou- sand dollars. In 1884 he made an im- provement in the "Langstroth" bee-l'iive, which is proving a financial success. He was married February 2, 1870, to Anna M. Taylor, a native of Noble county, Oliio, and daughter of John and Louisa (Stewart) Taylor, of whom the former is of French descent, and the latter of Irish. Mr. and Mrs. Oliiey have three children — John B., Vernon O , and Anna M. Mr. Olney is a member of the I. O. O. F. S. H. Wood came to Cass county in 1874, and bought the farm he now occu- pies, of Kate Dwyer. It was then wild land, but is now well improved and highly cultivated. Mr. Wood was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, eighteen miles from Harrisburg. At the age of eight years, he went to Monmouth, Illinois, where he lived until 1874. He is a son of Samuel and Martha E. (Bell) Wood, who now live in Cass county. S. H. Wood was married in Columbus, Ohio, to Pauline Blackwood, a native of that State. This marriage took place February 6, 1868. They have two child- ren — Robert H. and John S. Mr. and Mrs. Wood are members of the Presby- terian church. He is a Republican polit- cally. Orange W. Wheatley owns and occu- pies a farm of one hundred and sixty acres, in the northwest quarter of section 11, and the northeast quarter of section 10, Brighton township. He located on this farm in June, 1873. It is now in a good state of cultivation and well im- proved. It is admirably adapted for a stock farm, in which business Mr. Wheat- ley is engaged. He was born in the town of Hardwick, Caledonia county, Vermont, August 28, 1848, and is a son of J. A. Wheatley, a native of New Hampshire, and Charlotte (Skinner) Wheatley, a na- tive of Vermont. Mr. Wheatley left his native State and went to Wisconsin, where he lived one year, then went to a place near Green Bay, and worked in the pineries and mills until 1873, at which date he removed to Cass county. His parents are now living in Marne. He was married March 20, 1873, to Miss Elsina ShefBer, a native of Wisconsin, and a daughter of Bartholomew Sheffier. They have four children— Wilbur O., Jessie A., John, Belle E., and Moses A. William Masteller was born in Makaska county, Iowa, August 3, 1856. He is a son of Jacob and Ellen (Blaine) Masteller, residents of Mahaska county. The latter is a second cousin of James G. Blaine, candidate for the presidency in 1884. The y n^ 600 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. farming until he came to Cass county. He settled on a farm of eighty acres on sec- tion 9, of Brighton township, which he improved and resided upon till 1882. He then entered the hardware establishment of Henry Buck, where he has since been employed. Mr. Powell, in 1859, made a tour through Iowa, to Council Bluffs and Sioux City, crossing the river into Da- kota. In 1853 he traveled in Minnesota, selling fanning mills. He was married June 13, 1848, to Betsey Barney, who died in 1876. His present wife was Miss M. Marvin, one of the early residents of Brighton township, having come here in 1871. Mr. Powell has reared a family of ten .children, all of whom are living, bnt none of them are residents of this county. Robert H. Wood came to Cass county in 1874 and settled on the southwest quar- ter of section 34, which was then wild land. He improved this farm, and in 1881 sold it, and removed to Marne. One year later he bought his present farm in the southwest quarter of section 26. This is a fine farm and well adapted to stock raising in which Mr. Wood is engaged. He was born in Cumberland county, Penn- sylvania, and is a son of Samuel and E. (Bell) Wood, who are now living in this county. Robert H. Wood went to Warren county, Illinois, when eleven years old, and lived there on a farm until 1874, when he came to Cass county. He was married here, July 21, 1874, to Mollie Matthews, a native of Monmouth Illinois, and daughter of Rev. Robert Matthews, a Presbyterian minister. They have two children: Alma E., aged eight years, and Archie C, aged three years. Mr. and Mrs. Wood are members of the Presby- terian church, and he is a member of the Masonic fraternity. John A. Welsh was born in Mt. Ver- non, Knox county, Ohio, September 17, 1850. His parents were Thomas H. Welsh, a native of Pennsylvania, and Elizabeth (Sweet Hamill) Welsh, a native of Canada. The former died when John was about four years of age, in Mt. Ver- non, Ohio. The latter is now living with her sons. They remained in Ohio till 1858, when the family removed to Bureau county, Illinois. They lived there until the spring of 1874, at which time he came to Cass county and bought the north- east quarter of section 26, Brighton town- ship, then wild land. This farm is watered by a living stream, Spring Branch, and is now all under cultivation. Mr. Welsh was educated at the Buda high school in Bureau county. He taught school some, during the time that he was obtaining his education. He was afterwards engaged in clerking in Buda, and later, in survey- ing, on the Buda and Rushville branch, of the C. B. and Q. Railroad. He continued the latter occupation one year, then worked upon the farm of E. S. Hamill, one year. After this he was em- ployed as book-keeper in the dry goods house of B. F. Waite, in Buda, then in a bank of deposit and collection, where he remained about four years. He then came to Cass county. Mr. Welsh was married November 21, 1872, to Mary F. Bruner, a native of Pennsylvania, and daughter of I. J. and C. D. Bruner. They have two children — Charles E. and Ada B. Mr. and Mrs. Welsh are members of TH ■"■r" — »TV HISTORF OF CASS COUNTY. 601 the Baptist church. Mr. Welsh is a Re- publican in politics. He is president of the township school board and director, in his district. John W. Burruss came to Cass county in March, 186S. In May, 1869, he bought the west half of the southwest quarter of section 25. Here he erected a small shanty and commenced improving the land. He has continued to reside here and now has a fine farm, all under culti- vation, with good buildings, a grove and orchard. His present residence was erected in 1874. He was born in Camp- bell county, Virginia, January 26, 1831, and is a son of Thomas and Katurah (Weber) Burruss, both natives of Vir- ginia, where they died. John W. Bur- russ lived in his native town until thirty- eight years of age. He was married October 19, 1859, to Mary A. Clay, a native of Virginia, and a distant relative to Henry Clay. They have one cliild — Katurab. She was educated in the city of Atlantic, and has been a teacher in this county. Mr. Burruss is engaged in stock raising, and is a prosperous farmer. Egerton Dunham came to Cass county in 1876, and bought the north half of the northwest quarter of section 3, and the west half of the northeast quarter of the same section, where he now lives. At the time of his purchase, the land was par- tially improved, but there was no dwel- ling on the place. He has built a good house, planted a grove and otherwise im- proved the place, and now has a desirable farm. He was born in Ontario, Canada, April 20, 1845, and is a son of E. F. and Ann (Chamberlain) DunhamJ He lived in Canada until 1865, then went to Wis- consin and spent two winters in lumber- ing, near Green Bay, after which he came to Iowa, and resided in Boone and Linn counties until he came here. He was married in Linn county, February 23, 1871, to Mrs. Cordelia Swinburne, a daughter of Obed Blakeslee. They have four chil- dren — Charles F., Rufus M., Grace E. and Elsie B. Mrs. Dunham has three chil- dren by her former marriage — Carrie M. (Swinburne) Sankey, wife of James San- key; Cornelia S. Swinburne and John B. Swinburne. Mr. and Mrs. Dunham are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. William Fudge was born in Washing- ton county, Virginia, on the 21st of May, 1817. He is the son of Conrad and Eva Fudge, the former a native of Eastern Virginia, the latter of Pennsylvania. At the age of thirty-one years, William left his home, and removed to Coles county, Illinois, where he remained five years, at the end of which time he removed to Jasper county, Iowa, and there remained about sixteen years. In the spring of 1871 he came to Cass county, and pur- chased a farm of S. S. Green, of Brighton township. His farm contains two hun- dred acres of land, situated on section 31, and seventy acres in Washington town- sbip. His place, at the the time of the purchase, was slightly improved, and since that time he has cultivated and im- proved the land, built a fine residence, and has every farming convenience. Mr. Fudge has been married three times. His first wife's name was Elizabeth Thomp- son; she was a native of Virginia. They had nine children, seven of whom are now living— Emeline, wife of Gideon ^1 602 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Ely, of Jasper county; Louisa Jane, wife of E. A. McBride, of Jasper county: James K., a resident of that county; Martin S., now living in Shelby county; Joseph, of Pottawattamie county; Wil- liam, also living in Pottawattamie county; and Sarah E., wife of Alexander "Wal- lace, of this township. Those deceased are — John C. and Barbara E. Mr. Fudge's second wife was Mrs. Mary Ann Dawson, her children's names being — Jacob O. and Adam. By her second marriage she had six children, three of whom are now living — Mary A., wife of Andrew Sarsfield; Lydia E., wife of Charles S. Wheeler, of this county; and Robert S., at home. Mr. Fudge was married to his present wife in Jasper county, ber name formerly being Sarah Ann Matheny, of Ohio. They have had five children — David E., Luetta P. and Ora E. Those who have died are — Wil- bur R. and Clara E. George Hansen is a nativeof Germany, born in Schleswick-Holstein November 2, 1839. He is a son of Detlef and Sophia C. (Nachtigall) Hansen, both of whom died in Germany. On the 26th day of June, 1868, George, having left his native land, arrived in Davenport, this State, where he remained working on a farm three yeasi's. He then came to Cass county, and settled seven miles south of Lewis, where he owned eighty acres of land, which he improved to some extent, and sold. Then he purchased eighty acres on section 24, which is now all under cultivation. He is engaged in farming and stock raising, especially in breeding and fattening hogs. He was married, December 11, 1874, to Celia Nickels, who was born in Germany. They have two children— Gustav C, born September 20, 1875, and Emma M., born April 26, 1877. Mr. Hansen is a good citizen, and the present school director of district No. 6. Thornton W. Williamson was born in Taylor county, Virginia, August 19, 1829. He is a son of John W. and Nancy (Haw- kins) Williamson, natives of Fauquier county, of the same State. They died in Taylor county, where Thornton W. lived until he was twenty-four years of age. He worked on the home farm until he was twenty-three years of age. The next year he worked on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, as brakesman. He then went to Cedar county, Iowa, where he re- sided four years, being engaged in the lime trade. He then removed to Barton county, Missouri, and two years later to Page county, Iowa, where he resided six months; thence to Jefferson county, Iowa, where he lived for six months. Then he went to Polk City, Polk county, Iowa, and engaged in farming for three years, then to Rising Sun, in the same county, and was engaged in the same business, and that of masonry. Here he resided seven years. He then moved to Cass county, and settled in Pleasant township, where he owned a farm, and remained five yeara^ after which he removed to his present farm in Brighton township. Here he owns nearly two hundred acres of land, all improved. He makes a specialty of stock raising and feeding. Mr. William- son was married in Barton county, Mis- souri, August 17, 1859, to Sarah J. Millard, a native of Bennington county, Vermont, and daughter of Jesse and Hester A. Mil- lard, who are now living in Missouri. r HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY, -.- e 603 Mr. and Mrs. Williamson have five chil- dren — James F., John W., Celestia A., Alva and Matilda A. Mrs. Williamson's parents removed from Vermont to Wis- consin, and afterwards to Barton county, Missouri, their present residence. Mr. Williamson never spent a dime at the bar for liquor, or a nickel for tobacco in his life. Mathew Shepperd is a native of Ontario, Canada, born May 10, 1845. He is a son of James and Elizabeth (Atkinson) Shep- perd, who now reside in Audubon county. Mathew Shepperd was married in 1873, to Elizabeth Keyes, also a native of On- tario, Canada. In 1875 he settled in Audubon county, three miles west of Oak- field. Here he owned a large farm, and resided until April, 1883. He then came to Cass county and purchased sixty-two acres on section 36, Brighton townsiiip, where he is now living. He is engaged in farming, also in veterinary surgery. Mr. Shepperd is a member of the M. E. church. Charles H. Locke was born March 26, 1848, in Rhode Island. He remained in his native State until 1867, when he went to Illinois and spent a year in Jersey and Christian counties, then went back to Rhode Island . He soon after returned to Illinois and remained there until 1870, when he came with his father, E. J. Locke, to Cass county, Iowa. He settled on sec- tion 31, of Brighton township, bis present residence. He owns a fine farm of two hundred and fifty-five acres, highly im- proved and well adapted to stock raising, in which Mr. Locke is largely engaged. He was married in Christian coutity, Illi- nois, in February, 1874, to Henrietta Gar- wood, a native of Illinois, and daughter of William and Catherine Garwood. They have one child, Bertha Edith. J. C. Stewart, resides upon section 21, of Brighton township, where he owns a farm. He became a citizen of Cass county in the spring of 1880, at which time he removed from Shelby county to Marne. Mr. Stewart was born May 26, 1843, in Steuben county. New York. He is a son of John A. and Deborah (Tompkins) Stew- art. He lived upon a farm in his native State until ten years of age, when his par- ents removed to Illinois. He resided with them until 1861. He then enlisted, atfthe age of eighteen, in company D, of the Fifty-first Illinois Infantry; was mustered into service at Chicago, and served in the Mississippi department. He was after- wards transferred to the Army of the Cumberland, and participated in the bat- tles at Island No. 10, Stone River and Chickaraauga, where he was taken pris- oner by the rebels, and sent to Libby prison at Richmond. From there he was laken to Danville, remaining there, and ■it Andersonvillp, five months, then sent to Charleston, thence to Florence, South Carolina, wliere he was confined tive months. He was paroled in March, 1805, at Wilmington, North Carolina. The date of his capture was September, 1863. Soon after being paroled he was d ischarged and mustered out at Springfield, Illinois, where he attended the funeral of Abraham Lincoln. He returned home and subsequently went to Hardin county, Iowa, and bought a farm, which he sold, and moved to Marshall county. Here he again bought a farm which he sold, and went to Lee county, Illinois, where he 38 J^l fe. 604 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. was married, November 20, 1871, to Lu- cretia Long, a native of Pennsylvania. After his marriage he went back to liar- din county and remained two years, then removed to a farm four miles north of Marne, but in Shelby county. He lived here, as before stated, until he came to Cass county. Mr. Stewart has been suc- cessful in his financial undertakings, and is in possession of a competency. He at present owns quite a large amount of real estate. His residence is upon a farm one half mile north of Marne. Mr. and Mrs. Stewart have three sons — Herbert, Frank and John. He belongs to the G. A. R. Henry Hansen came to Cass county in 1871, and bought eighty acres in section 13, of Brighton township. He now owns twohundreS acres lying in a body, and all under cultivation. He has good build- ings with an orchard and grove. He is engaged in general farming and stock raising. Mr. Hansen was born in the western part of Denmark, September 17 1839. His father, Henry Hansen, was also a native of Denmark. He died athis. son's residence in Cass county, in 1883. His mother, Mary G. Hansen, still lives with her son, Henry. She is in the enjoy- ment of good health and remarkably active for one of her years, thinking noth- ing of walking to Atlantic. When Henry was twenty years of age, he went to South America, and lived three years in Brazil, and two years in Buenos Ayres. He was employed in working at the blacksmith trade, which he learned in Brazil. On his return to the United States, he went to St. Louis and remained six months, after which he went to the Booky mountains, and engaged in mining nine years. , He then came to Cass county. He returned to Denmark on a visit in 1870, remaining in that country four months. He then came here and purchased his present farm. His brother and wife accompanied him on his return from Denmark. He was married June 20, 1876, to a native of Denmark. They have two children — Mary G. and Henry. Benjamin F. Taylor was born in Noble county, Ohio, November 19, 1850. He is a son of John and Louisa (Steward) Tay- lor, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter, of Ohio. Louisa (Steward) Taylor's mother was a native of France. Her father (an American) was a sailor, and became acquanted with his wife at Marseilles, France. When the subject of this sketch was thirteen years of age, his parents removed to Mahaska county, Iowa, where his father died in 1881. His moth- er is still living in that county. Mr. Tay- lor came to Cass county in 1872, but pur- chased the land comprising his present farm, several years prior to that time. He was married in Wiota, Cass county, Sept- ember 15, 1875, to Ida Herbert, a native of this State, and daughter of H. C. Her- bert, of Cass county. Mr. and Mrs. Tay- lor have four children — Corwin, Henry C., Nora C, and Arthur Clayton. Mr. Tay- lor's farm is located in the west half of the southeast quarter of section 12, Brigh- ton township. At the time of his settle- ment here, it was wholly unimproved, but is now in a high state of cultivation. He makes a business of stock raising, and a specialty of hogs. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor are members of the M. E. church. William H. Sanders was born in Dele- ware county, Indiana, Febuijry 11, 1833. ^. -A^ i^ HISTORY OF CASS COtlNFY. 605 ^U He is a son of John and Susan Sanders, both of whom died in March, 1853, with- in six days of each other. John Sanders was a Virginian by birth, and his wife a native of Ireland. The subject of this sketch lived on a farm in his native State till 1853. He then engaged in mercantile business which he continued three years, then returned to the farm and remained until he came to Cass county and settled on his present farm in 1872. It is located in section 35, of Brighton township. He has good improvements, including build- ings, orchard, etc., and his land all under cultivation. Mr. Sanders enlisted in February, 1865, in company 6, of the One Hundred and Fifty-third Indiana Infan- try, and served till September of the same year, when he was honorably discharged. He was mustered into service at Indian- apolis, and out at Louisville, Kentucky, lie was married in March, 1853, to Eliza- beth Smith. They had five children — David S., now in Leadville, Colorado; Charles, George W., Nancy, wife of Robert Long, now living in Kansas; and John R. Mrs. Sanders died in 1863, and Mr. Sanders was again married in 1864, to Nancy M. Sage. By this union there were five children, four of whom'are liv- ing — Edna E., Otto, Selva and Edith M. James W. is deceased. Charles W. Curtis owns a fine farm of three hundred and twenty acres on sections 34 and 35, of Brighton township. His residence is on section 34. He purchased the quarter upon which he lives, in 1869, of his father, L. W. Curtis who had bought it several years previouKly. Mr. Curtis came here March first, 1880, and built his residence during the following summer. He was born in Fulton county, Illinois, March 15, 1841. His father was a practicing physician for many years. He died March 25, 1879. Charles W. Curtis was married January 6, 1876, to Emeline Stout, a native of Fulton county, Illinois. They have four children — Lydia L., Margaret M., Hattie H., and Ernest C. Mr. Curtis is a Republican politically. Obed Biakeslee is the owner of a fine farm of four hundred and thirty-five acres, which (with the exception of forty- acres lying in section 10), is located in section 3, of Brighton township. It is all under cultivation except one hundred and twenty acres, and is a beautiful and highly desirable farm. He has good im- provements, including buildings, orchard and groves. Mr. Biakeslee was born in Linn county, Iowa, April 15, 1845, and is a son of Obed and Sarah E. (Morse) Biakeslee, natives of New Haven, Con- necticut. Obed Biakeslee, Sr., died in October, 1845. Ills widow, Sarah Biake- slee was again married April 15, 1847, to Hugh Martin who died in 1871. She is still living at her home in this coun- ty. An adopted son lives with her. The subject of this sketch has always fol- lowed farming. He also deals in stock. Mr. Biakeslee was married in Linn coun- ty, in the winter of 1873, to Melissa Williams, a daughter of W. R. Williams. They have four children living— Orrin' H., Edith L., Edna M., and Inez. Mr. Biakeslee is a highly successful farmer. James P. Crosswait (deceased) was one of the earliest settlers of Cass county, coming here in 1856. He was a retired farmer of Fulton county, Illinois, from r^ A. 606 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 'k. whence he came to this county, and set- tled at Lewis, engaging in the business of loaning money. Mr. Crosswait was born in Kentucky, November 30, 1803. He was a farmer by occupation, and in his early life went to Tennessee and remained four or five years. During the time he made the acquaintance of Mary R. Mack to whom he was married. She was born November 5, 1803. From Tennessee Mr. Crosswait removed to Sangamon county, Illinois, where he remained one year upon a farm. He then moved to Fulton county of the same State, where on bis arrival he found the sum total of his worldly goods to consist of two dollars and fifty cents, and a team and wagon. Three years from that time, he was able to enter a half section of land, after which his financial affairs continued to prosper, and at his death, which occurred at Atlantic in December, 1879, he left a large proper- ty. Mr. Crosswait was a man of integrity strictly honest in all his dealings, and al- ways prompt in meeting every obligation. In his youth he united with the Methodist Episcopal church, with which he remained connected till his death, leading a consis- tent christiaa life. His widow is still liv- ing and now resides at Atlantic. EH M. Crosswait, son of James P. and Mary R. (Mack) Crosswait, was born in Fulton county, Illinois, January 9, 1838, and lived there until eighteen years of ago. He received a liberal education, at- tending school in Illinois and the graded school at Lewis, after coming to this county, after which he returned to Illi- nois and attended a private seminary at Indianola, Warren county. He then en- gaged in teaching in that county, which he continued eight years; then engaged in book-keeping and clerking, five years. He was married April 4, 1862, to Mary Shawver. After marriage he taught school two years, then he engaged in farming in Warren county, Illinois, till I8l0. In that year he moved to Mills county, Iowa, where he owned a farm of one hundred and Jsixty acres, and lived eleven years. He then removed to Marne, Cass county, and remained two years, then bought his present farm in section 6, Brighton township. It includes the northwest quarter and the west half of the northeast quarter of that section, and at the time of his purchase, was slight- ly improved. The farm is watered by a creek, and a fine spring situated near the barn. A grove and orchard surround his dwelling which is pleasantly located. Mr. and Mrs. Crosswait have eight children — Oscar P., Frank E., William H., Ernest B., Eugene M., James S., Robert L. and Alma G. They are members of the M. E. church. EDUCATIONAL. District No. 1 — The school house in this district is situated on the southwest quarter of section 1. It is 20x24 feet in dimensions, and cost $800; it is neatly painted, and provided with blinds. The first teacher was Ambrose Pellett; and the first sub-director, J. K. Herbert. The present teacher is Frank Skinner, and L. W. Wheatley in the sub director. When the school was located at its present site, in 1870, J. G. Kuhn, who owned the land, gave\a lease to the lot for 99 years; when the lot was enlarged, G. B. Olney owned the land contiguous, and sold an acre to the board for $25, one-half down. ^I«r -"i' sTV ^^ Ik HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 607 District No. 2. — The first school in this district was taught by A. T. Powell. The building at present used is the largest one in jthe townsliip outside of^.Marne, and was erected at an expense of over $700. It has a cupola by way of an ornamenta- tion, and is supplied with patent seats, maps, globes, etc. The first director was H. W. Crow, and the school is generally known as the "Crow school." E. Dun- ham is 'the present sub-director. The school is located on the northwest corner of section 9. District No. 3. — This district is com- posed of sections 5, 6, 1 and 8. The school building is located at the center of the bottom line of the northwest quarter of section 5. District No. 4.— Sections 17, 18, 19 and 20 compose this district. The building is located on the northwest corner of sec- tion 20. District No. 5. — The territory compris- ing this district is made up of sections 1.5, 16, 21 and 22; the house is situated in the northwest corner of section 21, in the ex- act center of the township and is called the "Center school." The building is 28x30 feet in dimensions, and is comfortably sup- plied with necessaries. The name of the first teacher was Harris, and that of the first sub-director, Ambrose Pellett. The present director is Samuel Brown. District No. 6. — The building in this district was erected in 1876, at a cost of seven hundred dollars. The first director was George W. Crouch. The school house is located near the northwest corner of section 24. It is in good condition and well supplied with conveniences. There are thirty-five pupils enrolled. The pres- ent teacher is Miss Laura Lynch, while George Hanson holds the office of sub- directoT'. The district is comprised of four sections. District No. 7. — The school house of this district is located on the southeast corner of section 25. It was erected in 1870, and is 20x24 feet in size. The first teacher was T. V. Knisely, and the first sub-director was S.W. Elliott. The build- ing is still in good condition, and is fur- nished with patent desks and seats, while maps and other conveniences are to be found in the school. The present teacher is Miss Lottie Mott, and the sub-director is John A. Welsh. The building was erected by Thomas Meredith, at a cost of seven hundred dollars. The average at- tendance is twenty pupils. District No. 8. — The first school in this district was taught in a frame house on the west side of the northeast quarter of section 29, in the summer of 1864, Miss Harriet Howard being the teacher. At first there were two scholars, who at- tended for two weeks; then one of them dropped off, and the third week William H. Altig was the only scholar. In the winter following. Miss Laura Woodward was the teacher; during this winter the school house burned down, and a temporary structure was erected in its place. A permanent school house was erected in the fall of 1873, and commenced with T. R. Wallace as teacher. The pres- ent teacher is .Tennie Wright, and the sub- director is John Wright. The school building is in good condition, and a nice grove is in the lot. District No. 9.— The first school house in this district was erected in 1873, in the .,■4 (S «^ 608 HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. f southeast corner of section 30. The first sub-director was William M. Trailer. In 1883 the building was removed to the center of section 31. It is 20x26 feet in size, and in good condition. The present teacher is Cora Stuart, of Washington township, and the sub-director is William Fudge. SORGHUM MILL. S. H. Wood has on his farm a sorghum mill, which is very complete in all its ap- pointments. It was built in 1877, and has been run to its full capacity, during the season, ever since its construction. The mill proper is 16x32 feet in dimensions, with a measuring room 8x16 feet in size. As a part of the apparatus used in the process 'of manufacture, he has a pan, of his own design, 28 feet long, and other pans 13 feet, 8 feet and 3 feet in length, respectively. The furnace arch measures 20 feet, with 4-foot grates. The mill is of 4-horse power, and the capacity is 100 gallons per day. The average output is 2,230 gallons per year, and the mill is run from four to six weeks out of the fifty- two. The syrup manufactured is a bright amber in color, and is of the best quality. Mr. Wood plants about forty-eight acres of sorghum cane each year, and works up the crop from it, as well as all brought in by others. The mill is situated near the main road, and convenient to the house. This mill is now the only one in the town- ship. OTHER INTEEBSTS. John Findlay has a stock farm of one hundred and twenty acres, in the north- west quarter of section 27, which is widely known under the name of "Fairview Stock Farm." Mr. Findlay is meeting with good success in breeding a cross between Black Angus and Durham cattle. For this purpose he had a fine thoroughbred Polled Angus bull shipped from Lake county, Illinois, which had been imported to this country from Scotland, which is claimed to be the first one shipped across the Atlantic. He is breeding largely from this stock, and the product is well worthy of a visit to see. INCIDENT. In July, 1864, a man named James T. Painter came to the township, and selec- ted a farm on section 22, with the purpose of locating permanently. On the 2Gth of July, he was on William Altig's farm, hauling a load of grain. While crossing a ditch, he spoke to the horses, scaring them. They started to run away, throw- ing him out between them, in such a man- ner that he was killed. He left a family to mourn his loss. CEMETERY. There is a cemetery in the southeast corner of section 15, Brighton township. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. The first township officers were: J. R. Herbert, president; Mr. Franklin, sec- retary; Wm. Altig, treasurer. TOWN OF MAENB. Although the Rock Island railroad had been built in 1868, no effort was made to establish a town in Brighton township until the corporation known as the Marne Town Company bought one hundred and sixty acres of land, on sections 21 and 28, of Thomas Meredith, and laid it out in lots. That was in the summer of 1875. The company was composed of Paul Weise, A. Langfeldt, C. Hanneman, H. Buch and E. Geisler. Their town was '*^^ -J U, L^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 609 laid out on the north side of the railroad track. In 18V7, Thomas Meredith sur- veyed and platted an addition to the town lying on the south side of the railroad track, which he has made considerable effort to improve. There has been some rivalry between the two sections. The pioneer settler on the town site of Marne was Hans Simonsen, who came in 1875. Hans Simonsen, proprietor of the Marne House, and first settler upon the town site of Marne, came here in 1875. He was the first purchaser of town lots here, and put up the first building, which was a small board shanty. In this he boarded his carpenters until the new hotel was finished. In 1878 he opened the new hotel, which he kept till 1881, when it was rented to Joe Caulkins, who kept it until September 1, 1884. At that date Mr. Simonsen again became the landlord. The building is a commodious structure, three stories in height, with an L, two stories. The bouse is well furnished and well kept and a favorite stopping place of the travelling public. Hans Simonsen was born in Sleswick-Holstein, Germany, September 23, 1835. He lived upon a farm in that country until he reached tiie age of thirty years. His parents were Simeon and Sike (Marta) Simonsen. Hans came to this country in October, 1864, and located npar Davenport, Iowa, where he engaged in farming, remaining there until 1875, when, as before stated, he came to Marne. In 1881, he returned to Daven- port and engaged in the grocery business, which he continued until 1883. Mr. Simonsen was married in Daven- port, April 30, 1865, to Mary D. Wendt, also a native of Germany. He is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. In 1883, Mr. Simonsen, en- gaged in the business of selling agricul- tural implements, and all kinds of farm machinery, which he still continues. It is not often, .in a town of Marne's size that one finds so complete a stock as that carried by Edwin Wheeler. Open- a grocery, July 1, 1875, he was the pio- neer merchant, in his line, of the town. Ilis first move was to erect a building, 18x28 feet in dimensions. Into this he placed a complete stock of groceries, opening business in June. His trade rapidly increased, and before long more room was wanted for the extension of his business. In accordance with this de- mand for extended facilities, he added eighteen feet in length to his main build- ing, making 18x46, and also put up a warehouse in the rear of his store, 18x16. On making these improvements, he added other lines to his business, and in each he carries an assorted stock. He handles a fine line of staple and fancy groceries, canned goods, queensware,glassware, etc., boots and shoes, slippers, etc., besides no- tions and fancy goods. Some idea of the importance of this establishment to Marne may be gleaned, when it is stated that he carries a stock valued at $3,500, and that his business amounts to $20,000 a year. Edwin Wheeler, the pioneer grocer of Marne, is a native of Bradford county, Pennsylvania, and was born November 3, 1831. His parents, Rollin and Phcebe (Bull) Wheeler, are both Americans by birth, and both natives of Vermont. Their country residence, Edwin's birth- place was a beautiful place on the banks of the Susquehanna river, and here he -•IV M^ 610 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. spent his boyhood days, until the family removed to Luzerne county. There he remained till the spring of 1853, when, recognizing the superior opportunities af- forded by the West, he determined to remove to Illinois, selecting Dixon, Lee county, as his stopping place, and there for one year was engaged in the butcher- ing business, but not having formed a liking for the business, he then went on a farm in C.'UToll county. After one year spent in the pursuit of agriculture, he formed a partnership with his father and brother, and they entered into the mer- cantile business in Milledgeville. After this business had continued two years, Mr. Wheeler again retired to the farm. In 1862 he removed to Hardin county, Iowa, with whose interests he was identi- fied until coming to Marne, in 1876. He was married in Milledgeville, Carroll county, Illinois, May 10, 1855, to Deborah Stewart, whose parents had removed to Illinois from Steuben county. New York, in 1853. Three children have blest their union : Columbus C, William L. and Ed- win. The elder of these now makes his residence in Shelby county. Since com- ing to Marne, Mr. Wheeler has won the confidence and esteem of her people, and of those of the township in general. He is a wide-awake and shrewd business man, a leader in society, and a credit to the town. He is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. Rudolph Lorenzen, one of the pioneers of Marne, came in 1875, and had an inter- est in the business of Julius Langfeldt. As this was the first store in the town, Lorenzen was one of the first merchants. He is a native of Germany, and came to America in 1857. He located in Daven- port, and remained there in business till 1874, when he went to Maysville, and came to Marne as aforesaid. Rudolph Lorenzen, merchant at Marne, came there in 1875, and engaged in mer- chandising in company with Julius Lang- feldt, Two months later they removed to the postoflice building, where they con- tinued business until 1878, then moved into their present store building. They are engaged in 'general merchandising. Mr. Lorenzen was born in the burgh of Fehmarn, in northern Germany, and is a son of Hans A. W. Lorenzen, who was a dyer by occupation. Rudolph was edu- cated in his native town, and at the age of fifteen years entered a store where he remained five years. He then went to Huelligenhofen, where he occupied the po- sition of head clerk in a store for five years, receiving a large salary. His brother, Ludwig, had come to America in 1857, and located at Davenport, Iowa. Concluding to -follow him, Rudolph also came to America, and to Davenport, where he was engaged in merchandising, two years; then on account of failing health he sold his business and went i)ito the butcher business with his brother, which they continued three 3 ears. After this he was employed in a store for about two years, commanding good wages. He then went to Maysville, *and was then employed in butchering one year, after which he came to Marne. Mr. Lorenzen, in addition to his other business, is en- gaged in the breeding of fine stock, in- cluding Durham cattle, Poland China hogs and Cotswold sheep. He has forty acres of land near town, which is divided into 9 ' l^ ^- HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. fill 'h lots for stock. He commenced this busi- ness in 1881. He was married in Atlantic, in October, 1876, to Johanna Langfeldt, a native of Holstein, Germany. They have had three children, two of whom are living: Laura, born May 10, 1877, and Amanda, born October 19, 1882. Eudolph was born January, 27, 1879, and died April 7,1880. Mr. Lorenzen is employed by the Davenport glucose company to buy corn in this vicinity. Tiie pioneer general store-keeper of Marne, was Julius Langfeldt, who opened out with a general stock, in the ^all of 1875. He closed out business in the winter of 1876-77, and went west. He is now in Wilson, Kansas. His store was located in the building now owned by Olof Re- mien, oh the corner of Washington and Second streets, occupied by L. H. Perkins. Rudolph Lorenzen bought Langfeldt's stock and removed it to the next building south, which he now occupies. The original postoffice building was the next business place constructed. It is now used by H. Simonsen as an agricultu- ral implement store. The first dwellings were erected by the Lansing brothers, and other mechanics in the northwest part of town, and shortly afterward residences were built by C. Hanneman, Paul Weise and Adolph Lang- feldt. The hardware firm of Buch and Wer- senger, composed of Henry Buch and Fred Wersenger, commenced business in Marne, on the corner where Remien's clothing house now is, in October, 1875. This partnership continued until 1878. In that year they dissolved partnership, and then Mr. Buch built his present store, and removed to it in 1879. This building is on West Washington street. The firm at first handled agricultural implements in connection with their hardware busi- ness, but Mr. Buch now keeps hardware exclusively. He carries light and heavy hardware of all descriptions, and his stock ranges in value between $3,000 and $4,000. The building is twenty-two by seventy feet in size, and one and a half stories in height. West's drug store was the next business to enter the town. That was in October, 1875. The first blacksmith to put in an appear- ance, was Adolph Koch, who built him a shop one block south of his present loca- tion. He commenced business' in Novem- ber, 1875, and has prospered with the town. He is now to be found one block south of Washington street, and one block west of Main. Adolph Koch, the pioneer blacksmitli of Marne, was born in Prussia, in 1839. In 1857 he came to America, stopping a while in Pennsylvania, then going on to Illinois, where he engaged in blacksmitli- ing, in Pike county. He enlisted, Janu- ary 1, 1862, in company I, Thirty-third Illinois, in which he served, taking part in many battles, till January 1, 18(55, when he was discharged. He returned to Illi- nois, where he remained till 1873, when he went to Kansas, where he remained till coming to Marne, in 1875. The first meat market in Marne, was opened in March, 1876, by Ed win Wheeler, near where his grocery store now stands. He sold the building to M. J. W. Maddy, and the business to two Danes, who ran it a short time, and then disposed of it to t- M J® — 1^ 'jL 612 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. H. Simonsen. In 1881 he sold the busi- ness to C. KroU, who erected a building one block north, and is now running the shop. John Findlay, dealer in grain and live stock, is one of the representative men of Marne. He is the pioneer grain buyer of the town, having been here nearly a year before any one else entered the field in that line. He transacted business in a temporary building on the south side for three years. He bought the lot where his present building stands, on the west side of Main street, at the corner of Washington, in 1876, but could not make use of it until 1880. He also has a place on the north side of the railroad track, near the depot. He deals extensively in grain and live stock, and does a large shipping business. He also handles agri- cultural machinery, coal, etc. In 1882 his total business amounted to $160,000, and in 1883, to $80,000. He has stock yards of his own to facilitate the handling of his large business; also an elevator,where he grinds feed for fattening his own stock, as well as that of others. When Mr. Findlay commenced in Marne, he also car- ried on the lumber business to some ex- tent, but has gradually dropped outof that line. John Findlay is a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, born June 14, 185(1. He is a son of Thomas and Mary (Anderson) Findlay, natives of Scotland where they now live. Thomas Findlay was born in 1801, and was a farmer by occupation. In May, 1871, John Findlay came to America and located at Lake Forest, Illinois, where he remained five years, clerking in a store. He then went to Chicago and engaged as traveling agent for a commission house a short time. While in the latter business, lie passed through Cass county, Iowa, and being pleased with the country, located here permanently in July, 1876. He has a fine cultivated farm, and has a stock of the finest cattle known. He pays parlicu- lar'attenLion to the raising of stock, and is known throughout the country as a breeder of the fine Black cattle. He was married September, 7, 1879, to Elizabeth Williams, daughter of T. T. Willian.s, a resident of this county, but formerly of lowa.City. Mr. and Mrs. Findlay have four children — George T., Mary A., Charles E., and Mercedes. Mr. Findlay is an elder of the Presbyterian church, of which they are members. He is an enter- prising business man and a public spirited citizen. Rudolph Lorenzen buys corn for the Davenport Glucose company. In 1883, he purchased for them 67,000 bushels, and in 1884, 53,530 bushels. They have a stor- age capacity in their bins here, of 30,000 bushels. Mr. Lorenzen buys for this com- pany without limit as to amount. J. M. Emmert, M. D., of Atlantic, has a drug store in Marne. The business was established in the fall of 1876, by John Pipher, on the south side; he shortly af- terward removed to the north side. After continuing the business of his new loca- tion six months, he sold out to John McKitchen. This gentleman conducted the store until January 1, 1883, when Dr. Emmert purchased the stock. He carries a stock valued at about $3,300, consisting of drugs, patent medicines, druggists sun- dries, etc. Dr. Emmert does not attend to the business in person, but has an able ^1 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 613 £&♦ manager in the person of E. C. Thomp- son. October 23, 1876, was the date on which John McEachim started in the grain bu- siness in Marne. At first he rented a warehouse for storage purposes, but after a short time he built one of his own. Finding his business rapidly outgro.ving his facilities, he had this house torn down and in 1880 built a steam elevator. In August, 1881, he had the misfortune to lose this elevator by fire, but built one to run by horse power shortly afterward. He was also engaged in the stock trade at the commencement of his business, but now confines his attention to grain and coal. He ships an average of of two hun- dred and fifty cars per year. He also has corn cribs, and in 1883, cribbed 30,000 bushels. John McEachim, grain dealer at Marne, was born in Massachusetts, June 10, 1848. His parents, Neal and Jane (Taylor) McEachim, were natives of Scotland. He established himself in business here in October, 1876, first renting a warehouse, and soon afterwards erecting a steam ele- vator building of his own which in August 1881, was burned. Since that time he has put up another building and has a consid- erable trade in grain and coal. His moth- er died when he was quite young. His father was a stone mason and farmer, and died in 1383 in Canada, where they were then living. After the death of his father, John went back to Massachusetts and en- gaged in the drug business. In 1871, he went to Door county, Wisconsin, where he followed the same occupation and re- mained until 1876, when he came to Cass county, settled at Marne and has since re- ^l mained. He is a Master Mason and a member of the A. O. TJ. W. Lansing Brothers, wagon-makers, have their shop in connection with Adolph Koch's blacksmith shop. They were among the first to do business in the town. A general store was opened in 1877, by a man named Hasler, in Remien's build- ing. He continued the business until 1879, when he sold to H. V. Smith. Mr. Smith had come from Shelby county for the purpose of going into business here, but not finding all his expectations Real- ized, he sold out in the spring of 1881, to L. H. Perkins, and removed again to his farm in Shelby county, and from there to Texas in the spring of 1883. Mr. Perkins has conducted the business since that time. His stock consists of dry goods, groceries and provisions, no- tions, etc. John Goldenberg started a small hard- ware store in 1877, but only remained in business a few months, when his stock was purchased by Buch & Wersenger. Harvey Bros , prominent dealers in dry goods, boots, shoes, caps and clothing, commenced business in 1878, having come here from Lettsville, Louisa county. When they came they brought their stock of goods from Lettsville with them, and added to it lai-gely on their arrival here. For a short lime they carried groceries, but this line has been dropped. Their building is situated on the corner of Washington and Second streets, and is replete with a select stock of dry goods, boots and shoes of the best manufacture, hats and caps of the latest styles, and gentleman's clothing. They carry a stock ~3 ^ %^ 614 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. of about $9,000 worth of goods, and do a business of about $15,000 in volume per annum. J. L. Harvey, of the firm of Harvey Bros., is a native of Muscatine county, Iowa, born February 3, 1849. He is a son " of S. C. Harvey. Wh.en lie was ten years old his parents moved to Louisa county, and settled at Leltsville, where S. C. Har- vey was engaged in dealing in grain and stock, and the subject of this sketch was employed in a store. In 1873 he bouglit his father's business which he carried on until his removal to Marne, Cass county, in 1878. Mr. Harvey was married in Louisa county, May 12; 1872, to Jennie Thompson, a native of that county and daughter of Philip and Rebecca (Hender- son) Thompson. The former is a prominent farmer and stock dealer of Louisa county. Mr. and Mrs. Harvey have four children — Howard W., Roy T., George G. andGracie M. Mr. Harvey is one of the most enterprising and popular of the business men of Marne. He is a member of th& Masonic fraternity and holds the office of Postmaster, and secretary of the school board and is also sub-director. S. C. Harvey is now a resident of Albia, Monroe county, where he is engaged in the stock business and farming. He is a a native of Pennsylvania. His wife was formerly Martha E. Smith, a native of Ohio. Geo. Lasker started on the north side in 1879, having removed a shop from the south side of the railroad. He has good facilities for ttrning out first-class work. Olof Remien, dealer in clothing, dry goods, boots, shoes, hats, caps, etc., com- menced business here November 6, 1883, since which time he has done a good bns- inpss. Mr. Remien was born in Northern Germany, May 22, 1852. He spent his early life in his native country, and in his youth learned the mason's trade in the city of Hamburg. In 1868 he came to America, and located at Davenport, Iowa, where he remained a short time, 'going from there to Chicago, where he followed his trade until 1874. In that year he came to Iowa, and resided in Avoca and Walnut, removing, in December, 1875, to Marne. In November, 1883, he started the clothing and 'dry goods store that he now owns, having previously worked at his trade, and being engaged in the coal trade in Marne, in the winter seasons of 1881 and 1882. At the fall election of 1882 he was chosen justice of the peace, and in August, 1883, he was appointed notary public. He is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. On .Tune 26, 1875, Mr. Remien was united in marriage to Anna Greve, at Walnut, Iowa. She is also a native of Germany, and daughter of John and Margaret Greve. Mr. and Mrs. Remien have four children — Emma, Bertha, Carl and Alvina H. Simonsen opened in the agricultural implement business in 18K3, in his row of buildings, in which the hotel is situ- ated. He keeps all kinds of farming implements, and the best makes of each article. Joseph S. Huhn came to Cass county in 1871, and settled on section 1, township of Brighton, where he owned one hundred and sixty acres of land. In 1872 he sold one-half of it, and in 1877 the balance, and removed to Marne, where he bought ■^' ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY, 615 4 a house and lot. He is a native of Ohio, having been born in Guernsey county April 6, 1820, and is a son of Jacob and Nancy (Saddler) Huhn, who were of Ger- man extraction. He continued to live on a farm in his native county until twenty- five years old, meanwhile learning the trade of carpenter. He then went to Union county, and remained seven years. Thence he went to Hardin county, Ohio, in 185V, and while there was engaged in farming until the 15th of September, 1864, when he enlisted in company H, One Hundred and Seventy-ninth Ohio Infantry, and took part in the battle at Nashville, and was shortly afterwards transferred to company K, as pontoon engineer. He was then sent down to the Tennessee and Alabama railroad to con- struct blockhouses, and continued in that service until discharged, on the 4th of July, 1865. He then returned to his fam- ily in Hardin county, where he resided until 1871, when he removed to Cass county. He was married on the 4th of July, 1853, to Nancy Ray, a native of Ross county, Ohio. Five children have blessed their union, four boys and one girl — Clara J., now the wife of Frank A. Her- bert and living in Kansas; Millard F., (deceased,) Mary C, wife of A. L. Squires, James S., the latter now living in Kansas, and Isolena. Mr. and Mrs. Huhn are members of the M. E. church. M. V. Nussbaum, wagon maker, was born in Richland county, Ohio, July 7, 1841. He is a son of Isaac and Juliana (Mellinger) Nussbaum. When he was quite younsjthe family moved to Putnam county of the same State. In 1847 they came to Iowa and settled in Polk county on a farm, where they remained till 1862 when they sold the farm and moved into Polk City. The subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools and taught school prior to his enlistment, Au- gust 1, 1861, in company A, of the Tenth Iowa Infantry. He served till the spring of 1862, when he was discharged on ac- count of disability. He participated in a number of engagements, among them were New Madrid, Fort Pillow, luka and Cor- inth; at the latter place he was taken sick and sent to the hospital at Keokuk, where he remained seven months. He was mus- tered into the service at Iowa City and discharged at Keokuk. He returned to Polk City and staid a short time. Au- gust 18, 1864 he was married to Nancy E. McCain, a native of Pennsylvania, and daughter of Samuel W. McCain. Mr. and Mrs. Nussbaum have had eight chil- dren, four of whom are living — Julia V., Franklin W., Martin V. and Robert K. In the spring of 1865 Mr. Nussbaum moved to Monona county, where he oper- ated a saw mill until 1 872'. He then re- turned to Polk county and remained two years, after which he went to DesMoines and engaged in working at the carpenter trade, eighteen months. He next went to Van Meter where he worked at putting in a coal shaft, thence to De Soto and staid one winter, thence to Exira, Audu- bon county. He remained in Exira till 1881, at which time he came to Marne and went to work at carpentering, which he continued until 1883. In that year he opened a wagon shop which he now runs. Mr. Nussbaum is a member of the G. A.R, Rev. B. F. Peerman was born near Lynchburg, Virginia, March 6, 1821, and r^ .u 616 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 18 a son of D. P. and Priscilla (Harrison) Peerman. D. P. Peertnan was a shoe- maker by occupation, and died in Virginia. Mrs. Peerman also died in that State. The subject of this sketch spent his early life, and obtained his education in his na- tive State. He prepared himself for the ministry of the Protestant Methodist church and was ordained November 5, 1857. He began his ministerial labors in Virginia and continued preaching there until after the war, occupying one pulpit during the whole time. He came to Cass county, Iowa in 1867, and settled in Brighton township, near Atlantic, on rail- road land. Here he improved a farm which he subsequently sold-, and bought more land, which he also improved and sold. He then went to Shelby county and bought a farm on which he located. Dur- ing his residence there he preached in that county, also at Marne. He remained there two years, then by request of the church at Marne, came here and remained one year in charge. He then built up a circuit in Pottawattamie county, of which he has charge, although a resident of Marne still. He was married in Marys- ville, Virginia, November 18, 1841, to Mary Jane Terrell, a native of that State, daughter of William and Mary (Blankin- shift) Terrell, who died in Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Peerman have had six children, four of whom are living — Mary P., born in 1844; James A., born in 1850; Thomas F., born in 1854, and Lelia V., born in 1861. Mr. Peerman is a man of much ability, an earnest christian and a success- ful worker in the vineyard of the Master. E. C. Thompson, manager of the drug store in Marne owned by Dr. Emmert, was born in Bureau county, Illinois, Jan- uary 14, 1855, and is a son of John and Jane (Swaney) Thompson. He was reared and educated in his native county, subsequently taught school and in 1879, turning his footsteps toward the setting sun, came to this county and stopped first at Lewis. He then came to Marne where he taught school for a time, and then engaged in his present business. He was married December 29, 188], to Ella Spangler, a native of Illinois. She re- ceived her education in Bureau county, of that State, and was also a teacher. She was a daughter of Jacob and Jane (Clark) Spangler. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have one child — Jay V. They are members of the Presbyterian church and own a resi- dence in the northern part of the village, where they now reside. Paul Weise was born in Germany, on the 1st of October, 1833, and is a son of Hans and Catherine (Snow) Weise, both of whom died in Germany. Paul Weise emigrated to America in 1852, and settled in Scott county, Iowa. He was engaged in farming in Scott and Clinton counties until 1870, when he came to Cass county and settled upon his present farm. It is located on section 33, of Brighton town- ship, and contains one hundred and sixty acres, the improvements upon which have all been made by Mr. Weise. He is at present engaged in general farming. October 7, 1862, he enlisted in company A, of the Sixth Iowa cavalry, and served until October 17, 1865. He was mustered into the service at Davenport and out at Sioux City. During his long term of service he saw much of the hardships of a soldier's life, and participated in many VlT pPV ^h dk^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 617 engagements and skirmishes. He spent five months at Fort Randall, suffering from scurvy. He returned from the army to Clinton county, where he was married November 13, 1868, to Mary Shields, daughter of Hans Shields, and a native of Germany. She came to America in 1866. They have six children — Nan- nie, Dora and Emma, twins, Catherine, William and Ella. Mr. Weise is a mem- ber of the Grand Army of the Republic. Rev. W. M. Van Vleet was born in Knox county, Illinois, April 2, 1858. He removed to Page county, Iowa, in 1858, and is of Holland descent, on his father's side, and Scotch-Irish, on his mother's. His father was born in the State of Ohio in 1825, and removed to Knox countj', Illinois, in 1837. He joined the Metho- dist Protestant church in 1840. He began preaching at the age of twenty- five and after moving from Illinois was one of the pioneers of Republican Meth- odism in western Iowa and eastern Ne- braska. He continued in the ministry until recent years, and is now on the superannuated list,and living on a farm in Shelby county, Iowa. His moliier was born in Washington county, Pennsyl- vania, in 1832, her maiden name being Axtell. She removed to Knox county, Illinois, in 1842, where she was married to Mr. Van Vleet in 185(i. She died March 17, 1871, and was buried in Mills county, Iowa. W. M. Van Vleet's early life was spent in the western part of Iowa, his school advantages being very limited, but with his mother's instruc- tions he learned to read, spelland write, at an early age. After his mother's death he was left as the architect of his own fortune. He attended the public schools of Glenwood, Iowa, for a time and began life as a teacher, at the age of seventeen, in Montgomery county. He made teaching his occupation for four years, and applied himself to a diligent study of various branches, but especially mathematics, logic and theology. He received license to preach from the Ne- braska conference of the Methodist Prot- estant church, in 1879, and was appointed to Seward circuit. While pastor of this work he was also principal of the Utica schools, in Seward county. On March 31, 1880, he was married to M. C. Wen- rich, of Mount Pleasant, Iowa, a graduate of the public schools of that place. At the close of the conference year, Mr. Van Vleet was transferred to Iowa, and appointed to Osceola station, for one year and was principal of Spring Hill schools, in 1882, his wife teaching the primary department during that time. He was pastor of a church at Prairie City, Iowa, one year, and has just entered upon the second year as pastor of the Marne station. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Van Vleet. The oldest, William Perry, was twenty-fchree months old when he died and was buried at Prairie City. Albert Carlton was born February 19, 1883, and is yet spared to them. HOTBLS. When Ilans Simonsen came to the town site of Marne, he put up a small board shanty back of where his barn now stands. Here he boarded the carpenters while bis hotel was being built. In 1878 he com- menced business in his new hotel, and conducted the same until 1881, when ^ a »tv 618 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ?hu he rented it to Joe Caulkins, who ran it till September 1, 1884, when Mr. Simon- sen again resumed proprietorship. The main building is 22x34 feet in dimensions, and three stories in height, with an "L" 24x23 feet in size, and two stories high. It also has a basement, which is used as a harness shop. There is also a kitchen 22x20 feet in size. There is also another building in connection with the hotel, 14x26 feet. The basement of the main building is used as a dancing hall. The house is well furnished, and can furnish good accommodations to travelers. Mr. Simonsen has an ice-house in connection with the hotel. SOCIETIES. Lodge Ancient Order of United Work- men, No. 218, was organized August 26, 1880, with the following charter mem- bers : Isaac Armstrong, Henry Gordon, Merritt Hewitt, S. H. Sankey, J. H. Gar- land, John Findlay, John McEachim, H. J. Eusden, William Lansing, Henry Buch, Edwin Wheeler, S. W. Woods, Robert Woods, H. Simonsen, Edward Coats, F. A. Vogt, A. R. Campbell, O. Remien, W. Trailor, W. Altig and George Lansing. The first officers were : R. Woods, P. M. W; E. Wh*eeler,M.W.; John Findlay, F.; M. Hewitt, O.; II. J. Eusden, recorder; O. Remien, financier; William Lansing, Rec; A. R. Campbell, guide; H. Gordon, L G.; E. Coats, O, W. The present officers are: Henry Gordon, P. M. W.; E. Wheeler, M. W.; George Lansing, F.; Cornelius Warner, O.; O. Remien, Rec; M. Hewitt, F.; F. A. Vogt, guide; H.Simonsen, I. W.; H. J. Eusden, R; L. Struthers, O. W.; William Trailor, trustee. Since its organization' the lodge has not gained largely in membership, but has maintained a fair condition. A Post, Grand Army of the Republic was organized at a meeting held Febru- ary 2, 1884, by Henry Fry, mustering offi- cer from Atlantic. Twenty-five members formed the organ- ization, whose names are : W. W. Cop- ley, A. R. Campbell, Daniel Fleming, A. B. Gray, Meritt Hewitt, Frank Herbert, Louis Kellogg, Adolph Koch, John Lam- phere, William Lansing, George Lansing, W. H. McCain, S. A. Miller, M. B. Nuss- baum, James Olds, J. C. Stnart, Luther Struthers, Monroe Seymour, O. A. Still- ing?, G. R. Stephenson, R. A. Swearinger, Joseph Toulouse, T. M. Van Kirk, J. C. Willson and Paul Weise. The first officers elected were: J. C. Stu- art, P. C; Merritt Hewitt, S. V. C; W..H. McCain, J. V. C; M. V. Nuss- baum, adjutant; T. M. Van Kirk, quarter- master; John Lamphere, surgeon; W. W. Copley, chaplain ; S. A. Miller, O. D.; Paul Wiese, O. G.; Frank Herbert, sur- geon-major; J. A.Wilson, Q. M.S. The officers remain the same, with the exception of the officer of the day, which is now filled by O. A. Stillings. Since the organization of the Post, one new member has been added to the roll, Samuel Dody, while none have severed their connection with it ; so that there are now twenty-six members. They have also five applications for membership, the petitioners being as follows: Henry War- ren, E. A. Noon, J. S. Huhn, John Duave and Ernest Gasnick., -7B r X.^:^ ^^^e/ozJL-^ ^^A£ *iji HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 623 fe^ Meetings are held in the A. O. TJ. W. hall, on the second and fourth Saturdays of each month. The Post is in a prosperous condition; and a commendable degree of interest in its welfare is manifested by the members. POSTOI'FICK. The Marne postoffice was established in IS'ze, and the first one who held the posi- tion of postmaster was Julius Langfelt. He held the office till 1877, when John Pipher was appointed, and served for two years. In June, 1879, J. L. Harvey took charge, and he has held the office since that time. The office was first at its pres- ent location, in Harvey's store, but when Mr. Pipher was postmaster he removed to tiie south part of town. When Mr. Har- vey took the position he changed the loca- tion to his store again. The office was made a money order office July 1, 1878, and now issues about $15,000 in money orders per year- The first money order was made out on that day for Jo- seph Shaw to Henry Dart's Sons', Rock Island, Illinois, and was for fifty dollars. The first one was paid July 22, 1878, to W. P. Allen. It was issued to N". R. Watkins, at Sedan, Kansas. EDUCATIOKAL. Up to the spring of 1876, there had been no school held on the site of Marne, but at that time a subscription school was started, whose sessions were held in the upper floor of a building near Remien's sto're, with Miss Hall as teacher. This school was continued until the public school building was erected, A German school was started in the fall of 1879, by J. P. Roth in Simonsen's Hall, whence it was subsequently removed to the upper floor of Simonsen's implement building. M,r. Roth was a well educated man, and kept a good school. He remain- ed in charge until his death. On Mr. Roth's decease, he was succeeded by Rob- ert Heinemann. He, in turn, was follow- ed by F. Buetmiller. EELIGIOUS. The Protestant Methodist church of Marne was built in 1879. The first pastor who presided over the spiritual welfare of the church was Rev. William Rems- burg, who remained one year; he was suc- ceeded by Rev. Wesley Sparks, who was the pastor for one year; the next was the Rev. G. E. Ranze, who served two years. Rev. William Van Vleet, the present pas- tor, succeeded him. The membership of the congregation is not large, but its affairs are in good condition. ^ 624 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTT. fe^ CHAPTER XXIII. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. Previous to ISYO, the township of Wash- ington, as a distinct sub-division of Cass county did not exist; but when in that year, the country was re-districted to make the congressional and civil townships co- incide, the territory thus taken off of Brighton, Cass and Pymosa was formed into a separate township and the name of Washington given thereto. The territory thus set off comprises all of township 76, north, range 31 west. The order for elec- tion to organize and elect officers was given June 11, 1870, and the election was accordingly held in October, at Watson's school house, John A. Spoor being the organizing officer. At this election offi- cers were chosen as follows: clerk, E. D. Hawes; assessor, M. W. Watson; road su- pervisor, Eli Watson; trustees, William Worth, B. D. Shepherd and M. Kirkpat- rick. The new township started with a population of four hundred and sixty- eight souls, anj the land being good for agricultural purposes, this number was quite rapidly increased; so that, in 1875, a population of five hundred and ninety- nine was living within its borders. The census of 1880 gave Washington six hun- dred and eighty-one people, makini:; a gain of nearly fifty per cent, in the ten years since organization. But this result is not surprising when the excellent advantages of this township are taken into considera. tion. Water courses for the drainage and irrigation of the land are so plentiful that hardly is there a section without its run- ning stream, large or small, to supply it with that prime necessity of any agricul- tural region — water, and also to carry off the surplus in times of heavy rains. In- dian creek, commencing in Audubon coun- ty, first touches the township at the line be- tween sections 5 and 6, flowing with an al- most southerly course, leaves the township from the southwest quarter of section 32. Spring creek, having its source so near the north line of the township that Brighton can have but little credit for the part her rivulets take in forming the stream, flows southward till it passes into Cass from the southwest quarter of sec- tion 33. Then the waters of the Nishna- botna, largest of all, first enter Washing- ton on their downward course, at the east line of section 12, and flowing southwest- wardly, pass into the township below from the southwest quarter of section 35. Good roads intersect each other fre- quently, mostof them at right angles, and many of them following the section lines. There is no postoffice nor market place in the township, but the reason for this is very plain, as good towns are within a few miles from any side of its boundaries. The Atlantic Southern railroad passes through the southeast portion of the r liU HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 625 township. Shady groves, both natural and artificial, good improvements, the best of lands and well-kept farms, with the beauties and advantages already men- tioned, go to make Washington one of ■ the brightest of all Cass connty's series of townships. EAEI.Y SKTTLBMBNT. The title of earliest settler, so far as Washington township is concerned, must be given to George Reeves, as when he came to the territory now embraced within her limits, no living thing was there to dispute his title, save the wild animals and game that had undisturbed possession since the retirement of the aborigines in their course toward the set- ting sun. George Reeves came in 1851, and set- tled on section 35. He built a cabin, but otherwise made very few improvements. George did not have one of the best of reputations, and was not to be relied on. Pie died in the county, while driving along in his wagon, in 1856. His was the first burial in the township. When he came here, his last location liad been Warren county, this State. Johnson Brandom came in the winter of 1851-2, and settled on section 27. He died in the county, and shortly afterward the family removed to Calif6rnia. Thomas Coon came in October, 1852, and settled on section 26, on land now owned by Thomas Bell. In the summer of 1853 he removed to his present loca- tion, on section 13. He was born in Fair- field county, Ohio, September 20, 1814, He is the son of George and Mary (North) Coon. Both of his parents were natives of Tennessee; they died several years ago. in Wisconsin. When seventeen years of age, Thomas went to Indiana with his parents, and resided in that State till com- ing out here. He was married there in February, 1849, to Jane Porter, a widow, whose maiden name was Burns. They had two children— Elizabeth and George. Elizabeth married Henry Bagley (de- ceased) and now resides in Atlantic. George lives with his now aged parents, and provides for their wants. Mr. Coon is a strong Democrat. He says he was "born a Democrat, and will die a Demo- crat." Mrs. Coon will be seventy-five years of age in March, 1885; she is active, does her own work, and can see to thread a needle without glasses. Mr. Coon re- members many little incidents of early days. He tells of one occasion when 3,000 Mormons passed his place on their way to Salt Lake, Utah. Wade Hampton Holt came from the southern States in 1853, and took up his residence with George Reeves. He re- mained here after Reeves' death, but in 1857 returned to the Sunny South. He afterward joined the Confederate service, and was killed in battle. James M. Watson came in the fall of of 1855, and bought a claim of George Reeves. This land is now owned by James Walker, Mr. Watson was born in Greene county, Ohio, in 1817. When he was nine years of age, his parents removed to Indiana, where they remained about eight years. They then went to Henry county, Iowa. After a residence of three yea;rs there, he went to Missouri, where he was married to Sarah Viney, in 1840. He then returned to Henry county, Iowa, and spent his time there and in Madison "ir* ^ ft 626 *55 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. county until he came to this county. On coming here, he commenced to deal in Cass county lands, which business he car- ried on quite extensively. He had resided here two years when the accident occurred which caused his untimely end. He was chasing a wolf, one afternoon in January, 1856, and when near Spring creek, his horse threw him, fracturing his skull. This occurred about three o'clock in the afternoon, and when found, at 11 o'clock p. M., he was dead, whether having per- ished with cold or been killed by the fall, it was never known. His family still live in the county. He was a brother of W. M. Watson, who lives on section 31. John A. Spoor was born at Alburgh, Vermont, February 19, 1835. His father, Allen Spoor, died in that State in 1842. At the age of twelve years, John went to Massachusetts and joined an older brother. Nelson G. Spoor, in Middlesex county, where hd remained for seven years. Nel- son G. Spoor, about 1850, went to St. Louis, and soon after to Council Bluffs. In 1853 he, in company with Stephen G. Carey and Wm. Dickerson, became owner of the town site of Iranistan, including the mill property. He (Nelson G.) then wrote for his brother John A., the subject of this sketch, to come here, which he did, arriving in Iranistan August 24, 1854. He went to work in the mill, and con- tinued there until nearly spring, then he hired out to work upon the farm now owned by Wilson Smith. The first land he purchased was eighty acres on section 18, Cass township, which is now owned by Mrs. A. Davis. He also bought, the same fall, 1854, forty acres on section 19. In the spring of 1855, he bought one hundred and sixty acres on section 31, Washington township, which he commenced improving the same year. In October, 1855, he re- turned to Massachusetts, and there, on the 21st day of that month, was married to Louisa M. Haynes, who vras born in Middlesex county, March 23, 1835. They came immediately to Cass county, and spent the following winter at Indiantown. March 17, 1856, they settled on Mr. Spoor's land on section 31. He has since that time sold his north eighty acres,and purchased land south of the township line on section 6, Cass township. The farm contains two hundred and forty acres. He owns, also, ten acres of timber land on section 29, Washington township. He has valuable improvements and a highly desirable farm. Mrs. Spoor died, Decem- ber 19, 1883. They had two daughters — Jennie and Jessie, who, since the death of their mother, have been their father's housekeepers. Jennie was born April 28, 1860, and March 5, 1882, was married to Fremont J. Henderson, who was born in New York, July 20, 1858. He came here from Wisconsin. Jessie, the other daugh- ter, was born August 16, 1863. Mr. Spoor has held the office of justice of the peace and road supervisor. In the spring of 1877, he rented his farm to G. I. Chizura, and removed to Council Bluffs. The Octo- ber ifollowing, he returned to Iranistan, and worked in the mill during the winter. In the spring of 1878 he returned to his farm. William M. Watson was born in Tip- pecanoe county, Indiana, on the site of General Harrison's famous battle-field, February 4. 1837. His father. Dr. Paschal Watson, turned the first furrow on "Pretty qv fe^ HISTOKY OF CASS COUNTY. 627 Prairie," near the battle-field. His brother, Jesse Watson ._ of Atlantic township, was the first child born in that vicinity. The date of his birth was 1828. In 1838, Dr. Paschal Watson and his wife Eleanor (Jenkins) Watson, removed with their family to Henry county, in this State. There Dr. Watson operated the first ferry on Skunk river, at that point. In 1841, they moved to Davis county, Missouri, where in the spring of 1850, Dr. Watson died. His widow died in August, 1868, at the residence of her daughter, Mrs. Abigail Bell, in this township. Of the nine children who came with them to Iowa, five are now living — Jacob, in Kan- sas; Mrs. Abigail Bell, widow of E. B. Bell; Eli, living in Lewis, where he set- tled in 1855; Jesse, a resident of Atlantic township, and William M., the subject of this sketch, who, with his mother's family returned from Missouri to Madison county, Iowa. In 1856, he accompanied by his mother, his sister Abigail and her hus- band, E. B. Bell, came to Cass county,, and settled in Washington township. His brother, James M. Watson, settled here in 1854, and January 31, 1856, was thrown from his horse and killed, while engaged in hunting wolves. The widow of James Watson now lives in Audubon county, with her son, Henry M. She has two other sons, Paschal and John, who are both residents of this county. William M. Watson bought his present farm, on section 31, Washington township, in Feb- ruary, 1866. It then contained eighty- seven acres, which he has since increased to one hundred and ten acres. Mr. and Mrs. Watson have four children living — Kittie E., Edward E., James C, and John ^'^^ ^ M. Mr, Watson is a public spirited citi- zen, always taking an interest in whatever concerns the public welfare, and never since he becarrie of legal age has he failed to cast his vote at any election where he was entitled to that privilege. Since his residence here he has been peculiarly un- fortunate, having met with a continued series of accidents. June 1 3, 1 856, he was severely cut in the right, knee joint by an accidental blow of" an axe, in the hands of Judge William Dickerson. In conse- quence of this injury he was confined to his bed till February, 1857. In October, of that year, he was attacked with typhoid fever, and for one hundred and ninety-six days was unable to leave his bed. Since taking up his residence on the farm, he has had two houses destroyed by fire, the first one in 1872, and the second one, which was built on the same foundation, in 1876. In March, 1873, he lost ninety- six hogs by cholera, and has lost five, horses in one season. In the spring of 1856, William Marshall settled on section 35, on land now owned by James Walker. He remained one year, when he removed to Missouri. About two years after his removal to that State he died. He was a native of Vir- ginia. James Black came in 1856, and located on section 5, He soon took up a claim on section 10, and built a cabin, James Blake was born in Ireland, in 1831, and when fourteen years of age, he came with his parents to America, and located in Philadelphia, where he remain- ed but a short time, when he went to Delaware. He there remained but a few months, when he returned to Chester - ^n — i>'^ ^• -<£. 628 HISTOEY OF CASS COUNTY. county, Pennsylvania, and was there rear, ed to manhood. In 1856 he came west with a sister and two brothers, to search for a location, upon which to build them a house and buy a farm. They came directly to Cass county, and made a set- tlement in what is now Washington town- ship, where they built a small log house, in which they lived some time. In the fall of the same year, James bought a piece of land oh section 10, where he erected a small cabin. He went to Colo- rado in 1861, and there mined for two years, when he went to Montana, and was there engaged in mining until 1866, when he returned to Cass county, and settled on the farm he had previously purchased. He has since added to his farm one hun- dred and sixty acres, making in all, three hundred and twenty acres, which he has nicely improved, and has planted some fine trees, of both shade and fruit. Mr. Blake was married in 1867, to Mary Gan- non, also a native of Ireland. They have one child living — Mary. Patrick Blake also came in 1856, and located on section 5, where he at once went, to work on the construction of a house. Patrick Blake, one of the pioneers of Cass county, was born in Ireland, on the l^th of March, 1824. When nineteen years of age, he came to America, being on the ocean over seven weeks. He land- ed at Philadelphia, and living there about five years, he then went to Phoenixville, and was there engaged in iron mining for five years. He then returned to Philadel- phia, and there remained until 1856, when he, in company with his wife, three chil- dren, two brothers and a sister, came to the west to locate a home. They went to St. Joseph, Missouri, and remaining there some time, they came to Cass county, Iowa, and purchased eighty acres of land on section' 5. He immediately erected a log cabin, in which the family moved and lived about eleven years, when he re- placed the rude log house with a large frame building. His farm now contains three hundred and sixty acres of finely cul- tivated land, a fine orchard and many fine farm buildings. Mr. Blake was married in 1847, to Margaret O'Brian, a native of New York State. They have nine chil- dren, seven of whom are now living — Sarah A., Thomas, Elizabeth, Mary, Ar- thur P., Margaret E. and Katie; Ellen, died at the age of eight years. Jesse Waggett came in the spring of 1857, from Henry county, this State. He purchased land on section 25, now owned by J. M. Bulan, on which he built a house and made improvements. He remained about one year, when he sold to Sawyer, and removed to Missouri, where he died about two years afterward. William Hopley settled in Washington township in 1858, and established the first dairy in the county. In April, 1865, he removed to Atlantic township. At an early day, Edward Manley came from Indiana, and located on section 26. He afterward went to Kansas, where he now resides. OTHER PEOMINEKT PEOPLE. In order that an adequate idea of the representative people of the township may be gleaned from these pages, the fol- lowing sketches of the more prominent citizens are given: "V^ '^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 629 Martin Luther Hetrick, born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, on the 16th of March, 1830, is the son of Christian and Barbara Hetrick. His father was a shoe- maker |ind stone mason by trade, but his latter years were devoted to farm life. Martin learned the stone mason trade with his father, and when twenty years of age he left his home, and moved to Frank- lin county, Pennsylvania, and there made it his home about one year, when he moved to Frederick county, Maryland, and from there to Allegheny county, that State, and in June, 1853, he was united in marriage with Jemima McEliish, a native of Mary- land. Martin continued his profession as builder and contractor until 1^67, when he was engaged in the mercantile business until 1872, when he purchased eight hun- dred acres of land, in Dawson county, Nebraska, and opened a store of general goods, and there did a large business for a short time, when the crops were eaten by grasshoppers, and as the farmers be- came disheartened with the loss of large crops, Mr. Hetrick was nearly financially ruined. In the fall of 1876, he left that country and came to Iowa, locating in Cass county, and spent the winter in the town of Lewis. The March following he rented a farm in Pymosa township, and remaining there two years, he came to Washington township, and there lived on the farm of Mr. Hicks, until the spring of 1881, when he purchased his present home of one hundred acres of land on section 34. Mr. and Mrs. Hetrick have six children— Mary E., wife of N. G. Perdew, of Dakota; Anna M., wife of W. Everett, of Colorado; Rudolph, at home; John, now living at home; Geneva, wife of R. A. Shearer, of this township, and Adda, at home. Hugh Livingston (deceased) was born in Lawrence county, Pennsylvania, Octo- ber 21, 1821. He was reared to the occu- pation of farming,which he always follow- ed. He was united in marriage, February 21, 1843, with Mary Ann Tpdd, in the town of Mercer, Mercer county, Penn- sylvania. She is a daughter of John and Gettis (Elder) Todd, who settled in Law- rence county, when she was about twelve years of age. They died in that county. Mr. and Mrs. Livingston resided in Penn- sylvania till the fall of 1865, when they removed to Clinton county. They there engaged in farming, remaining in that county five years. In September, 1870, they became residents of Cass county, lo- cating upon a farm of four hundred and twenty acres, lying in sections 3 and 4, of Cass toifvnship, and 33 and 34 of Wash- ington township. They resided till 1882 upon section 3, Cass township, then hav- ing sold their land in Cass, they moved to section 33, of Washington township, where he died December 1, 1883, much regretted by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. Mr. and Mrs. Livingston have had eight children, six of whom are living— Elizabeth, wife of Richard Swear- ihgen, of Pottawattamie county; Hannah, widow of Samuel Hauke, living in Hall county, Nebraska; John C, a resident of Cass township; George, in Buffalo county, Nebraska; Sarah M., wife of Charles Ros- sell, of Pottawattamie county, and Clar- ence E., who resides with his mother at the homestead. Ella Mary died Novem- ber 15, 1883, aged twenty-one years; Minerva J., wife of W. P. Cubage, died in 630 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Jackson county, April 8, 1866, aged twen- ty-two years. Clarence E. Livingston was born in Lawrence county, Pennsyl- vania, March 26, 1865, and was eight months old when his parents left the State. He now carries on the farm. W. A. Bagley came to Cass county in September^ 1873, and located in Wash- ington township. In 18'74 he purchased some wild land on section 10, and in the last of March of that year, he moved into a small frame building, which he had pre- viously built, and there began to cultivate his land. He has since replaced his small frame house by a neat, commodious one, has improved his farm, and has made an elegant place of the wild and uncultivated land. He was born in Athens county, Ohio, on the 2d of June, 1821, and is the son of Williams and Louisa Bagley. His father was a native of New. Hampshire, and was one of the first white settlers in Muskingum valley. He was a clothier by trade, but on going to Ohio he pur- chased land and followed agricultural pursuits. He built a woolen mill on the Muskingum river, and in 1832 he traded his property for land in Logan county, where he lived three years, and then wet to Bureau county, Illinois. In 1837 he came to Iowa, and located in Muscatine county, where he died in 1838. The sub- ject of this sketch remained in Muscatine county with his parents until 1852, when he went to Cedar county, and there re- mained about two years, when he returned to Muscatine county and purchased a farm. Two years later he returned to Cedar county, where he was engaged in the mercantile trade two years, when he moved to Milton township, that county. where he lived on afarm until 1873, when he came to Cass county. Mr. Bagley was married in 1848 to Lucretia Burgan, a na- tive of Ohio. They have ten children — William F., Mary, Charlie, Emjn^,Hattie, Sallie, Scott, Katie, Louis and Burt. Alfred B. Gray, came to Cass county in 1875, and purchased a farm on section 4, Washington township. He has since im- proved his farm, built a large frame house, and planted an orchard which is now-one of the finest in the township. He was born in Cedar county, lo^a on the 13th of April, 1843, and is the son of Ebenezer and Eliza (Boland) Gray, his father a na- tive of Ohio, and his mother of Virginia. Ebenezer came to the territory of Iowa in April", 1839, and settled in what is now Muscatine. He then went by team to Cedar county, where he was among the early settlers. He remained in that county until his death, which occurred in 1884, while his widow is still a resident of that county. Alfred was reared to manhood in Cedar county, and made his home with his parents until 1864, when he enlisted in company G, Forty-seventh Iowa Infantry. He served about three months, when he was honorably dis- charged, and came to his old home in Cedar county, where'he remained a resi- dent until coming to Cass county. He was married in 1868 to Mary Mattison, a native of England, but when quite young came to America, and located in Stark county, Ohio, where her father died when she was seven years old. Shecame to Cedar county when twelve years of age, and was there a resident until 1875, when they came to Cass county. '^ ^ D HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 631 Christian A. Dierksen moved to Wash- ington township in 1870, and began culti- vating the prairie, and soon built a small house. In 1881 he sold his place and pur- chased two hundred and forty acres on section 3, where he now resides. He is a native of Germany, and was born in Jan- uary, 1832. He attended school until six- teen years of age, when he began farm- ing, and soon left his native land for America, coming directly to California, where he was engaged in mining. In 1866 he returned to Germany to visit his friends, but soon came back to America and began farming in Johnson county, Iowa, where he remained until 1870. He then came to Cass county, and began to improve the land. He was married in 1870 to Dorathea C. Petersen, a native of Germany. She died in October, 1871, leaving one child, Agnes C, who died in August, 1872. H. M. Brown resides on section 14, Washington township, where he T)ur- chased two hundred and seventy acres of nice land in 1880, and has since remain- ed there. He was born in Ohio, in 1842, and was there reared. He learned the trade of a harness maker, and in 1862, came to Clinton county, Iowa, where he was engaged in the harness business un- til 1864, when he returned to Ohio, and enlisted in the One Hundred and Seventy- sixth Ohio Infantry, and served in that regiment until the close of the war. After the war he returned to Ohio, and was there engaged in the boot and shoe busi- ness until the spring of 186S, when he sold out and came to Marion county, Iowa, where he commenced farming and was so engaged until coming to Cass county, where he has since followed that occupation. Mr^ Brown was married to Sarah A. Blackwood, a native of Ohio, and by whotfi he has had eight children — Edward E., Henry E,, Emory O., Herbert W., Joseph W., .Abbie A., Asa, and Carrie M. Isaac Worley owns and occupies the north half of the southeast quarter of section 15, where he settled in 1873. His farm was at that time unimproved, but is now all under cultivation and well fenced. He has an orchard of fifty trees, in good bearing condition and about one acre of grove. Isaac Worley was born in Perry county, Ohio, 1818, and was the eldest of a family of eleven children. He was brought up on a farm in Perry county, and there married to Rebecca Holden, a native of Pennsylvania. They have four children — John L., in Nebraska; Sarah A., wife of W. H. Warner, of Audubon county; William H., also in Audubon county, and Edward E., in Cass county, DeWitt A. Winston resides on the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter of section 22. He owns one hundred and twenty acres, comprising the 'half of the northeast quarter and the southeast quar- ter of the northeast quarter of section 22. Mr. Winston came here in 1869 and made a location of two hundred and forty acres of land, including the above de- scribed, also the south half of the southeast quarter of section 15, and the northwest quarter of section 22. This land was purchased of Frank Whitney and deeded to Mrs. Nancy M. Winston, the mother of DeWitt A., Sept- ember 15, 1874. The farm now owned by the latter, was deeded to him immedi- ^j ^ Al^ 632 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ately after. The land was entered in 1856j by Joseph W. Power, but no im- provements had been made at the time of Mr. Winston's, settlement h'ere. He has since broken and otherwise improved nearly all of the twQ hundred and forty acres. He is a son of Alanson and Nancy M. (Bartholomew) Winston, natives of Connecticut. Alanson Winston learned the trade of clock-making at Bristol in that State. He was engaged later in the business of wood turning. The subject of this sketch was born in Bristol, Con- necticut, January 9, 1843. 'He was brought up in his native State and there married to Jennie Byington, also a native of Bristol, born in September, 1844, and a daught«r of George and Margaret A. (Lee) Byington. Mr. and Mrs. Winston have one child — Nathan D., born here, January 18, 1872. William Gillett resides upon the south- west quarter of section 15, where he owns a farm of one hundred and sixty acres. This land he purchased in June, 1876, and it was then unimproved. He now has nearly the'whole farm under cultivation. Mr. Gillett was born in Clayton county, Iowa, in 1859. His father, John W. Gillett, was one of the pioneers of that county. John W. Gillett was born in eastern Maryland and became an orphan at an early age. He came to Clayton county, Iowa, when a young man and afterwards removed to Atlantic where he died. His wife died in Clayton count-y. They had a family of four sons and two daughters, all of whom reside in this county. William Gillett was married to Alice Ferry, daughter of Mark Ferry, a resident of Dakota. Mrs. Gillett died July 14,1884. James Walker, a prominent farmer in Washington township, was born in Che- shire, England, April 20, 1830. His father, also James Walker, was a fanner by occupation. He died in England in 1843. In 1845 James Walker came to the United States, accompanied by his brothers, Geprge, Elisha and Charles, and two sisters, Mary and Elizabeth. They located in Des Moines county ,.Iowa, where Mary, the elder of the sisters, was married to William Arrowsmith, who is now deceased. She is still a resident of Des Moines. Elizabeth died soon after coming to this State; George is now living in southern Kansas; Elisha died in Des Moines county, where Charles now resides. Their mother joined them in that county, in the fall of the same year in which they ar- rived, 1845, and died there a few years later. James Walker was married in Lee county, Iowa, October 20, 1858, to Ann Okel!, a native of England. They began married life in Des Moines county, where they resided until 1878. He owned in Washington township, of that county, a fine farm of three hundred and twenty acres, with good buildings and improve- ments. In tiie spring of 1875 he pur- chased a farm containing four hundred acres in sections 35 .and 36, Washington township, Cass county. To this he re- moved in the spring of 1876, since which he has been a resident of this county. His farm is under a high state of cultiva- tion, and his improvements are among the best in the township. He makes a business of buying and feeding cattle and -»|V A HISTORr OF CASS COUNTY. 633 hogs for market. Mr. and Mrs. Walker have seven children — ^Nettie, Ralph K., Mollie, BerJ;ha, Nellie, Willie and Harry. Mr. Walker is at present serving as school treasurer and director in his dis- trict, and is one of the most highly es- teemed citizens of the township. John E. Bailey resides on section 21. His farm includes two hundred and forty acres in that section, and one hundred sixty acres adjoining in section 22. His first purchase was the part lying in 21, which he bought in 1873. The remainder he purchased in 18*9. All, with the exception of forty acres, is broken and fenced. His house was erected at a cost of two thousand dollars, and his barn and other farm buildings cost a similar sum. He is largely engaged in stock raising and makes a specialty of raising hogs. Mr. Bailey was born in Orleans county, Vermont, in October, 1846. His father. Colonel J. P. Bailey, in the spring of 1854, removed with his family from Vermont to Louisa county, Iowa, where he still resides. John E. remained with his parents until he came to Cass county, in 1873. He is the only one of his father's family who settled in this county. He has been twice married. His first wife was formerly Sally A. Hall. She died December 1, 1875, leaving one son — Johnnie S. He was' married the second time to Lottie A. Williamson, daughter of E. T. Williamson, of Mount Pleasant, Iowa. By this union there are three children — Frank, Charles and Cora. Henry J. Hayward is a native of Logansport, Indiana, born October 21, 1843. His father, Henry Hayward, moved in 1848, to Huron county, Ohio, where he died in 1874. His widow, Louisa Hay- ■ward, died in Rice county, Kansas, in February, 1884, while living with her daughter, Mrs. Louisa Peters. Henry J. Hayward left his home in Ohio, and came to this county in March, 1876. He pur- chased his present farm at that time. It contains two hundred and eighty acres, located on sections 24 and 25, of Wash- ington township. He also owns eight acres of timber in Atlantic township. He bought his farm of Jacob Miller, who re- sided here four or five years. Mr. Hay- ward was united in marriage at Bellfonte, Ohio, November 5, 1867, with Elizabeth Lewis, a native of that place, and daugh- ter of John and Lucy (Cowle) Lewis. She was born November 5, 1850. Mr. and Mrs. Hayward have two sons — Oliver, born in August, 1873, and Arthur, born in February, 1879. John Lewis died at Bellfonte, Ohio, in 1854. His widow is now living with Mr. and Mrs. Haywar(^. EDUCATIONAL. The first school board in Washington township, was elected March 20, 1871, and consisted of the following: George Keck, W. M. Watson and M. Kirkpatrick, directors; E. D. Hawes, secretary; M. W. Watson, president; John Spoor, treas- urer. The present school board is as follows: A. C. Fulton, president; H. M. Brown, secretary; James Walker, treasurer; A. Cf. Fulton, John Fulton, John Bailey, James Walker, E. C. Kennedy, A. Breh- mer, C. R. Hunt, H. F. Huntoon and M. L. Hetrick, directors. The first school in Washington town- ship was taught by Rev. Hawsford Short, a preacher of the Congregational denomi- r r 634 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. nation in the winter of 1855. He rented from Joseph Everly, a house with one' room, in which he taught the youth of this section. This house, shingles and all, was made of native lumber, and was on section 26. The land is now owned by Mrs. A. Bull. District No. ].— Sections No. 1, 2, 11 and 12, constitute the Washington, or district No. 1. The building, which is located at the southeast corner of section 2, was erected at a cost of $550, in the summer of 1871. D. C. Cady was the first teacher. George B. Swartz now has charge as teacher. District No. 2. — This district, which is also known by the name of Grant, is com. posed of sections 3, 4, 9 and 10. The school house, a nice frame one, is located on the southeast corner of section 4, and was erected in the spring of 1874, at a cost of $560. Hattie Campbell was the first teacher, and the present teacher is Addie Denison. District No. 3.— This district is also known as Lincoln. It is composed of sec- tions 5, 6, 7 and 8. The first school house was moved from Brighton township, in the winter of 1870-71, and Mary Kincaid taught the first term at the new location. In the summer of 1879, a new building was erected on the northeast quarter of section 7, at a cost of $600. Cynthia Wilson was the first teacher in this house, and Carrie McKinley teaches at present. District No. 4. — This district, which is also known by the name of Jefferson, is made up of sections 17, 18, 19 and 20. Its school house is located on the south- east corner of section 18. It was erected in the summer of 1873, at a cost of $500. Hattie Fulton was the first teacher in this house, and Cynthia Wilson is the present teacher. District No. 5. — The schoolhouse in this district was built in the summer of 1876, at a cost of $543. It is 22x26 feet, ground measurement. Sections 15, 16,21 and 22 go to make up this district, which is also called Jackson district. The build- ing is located on the southeast corner of section 18. The first teacher was Nora Watson. Catherine E. Vaughn is the pres- ent teacher. ^ District No. 6. — This district is also called the Webster district. It is com- posed of sections 1 3, 1 4, 23 and 24. The building, which is on the northeast corner of section 23, was erected in 1877, and cost $700. M. J. Craig taught the first term of school in this house. F. J. Booth is the present teacher. District No. 7, — This district, which is also known as Union, is made up of sec- tions 25, 26, 35 and 36. The first school house, within its limits, was erected in 1862, at a cost of $800, and opened with Celia Gridley, (now the widow of John Mills) as teacher. She, at present, resides at Tabor, Iowa. This school house was the first one built in the township. ^The present building, which is situated on the southwest corner of section 25, was erected in the summer of 1875, and cost $475. Adelaide Hopley taught the first term of school in this house.' The present teacher is Ella Kettering. ^ District No. 8, is also called Howard district. Its school house cost $517, and was built in 1872, on the northwest quar- ter of section 34. H. Howard was the nV '-iL HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 635 first pedagogue in this school. The pres- ent teacher is Alice Battersbr. The dis- trict is composed of sections 2V, 28, 33 and 34. District No. 9. — This district is formed by sections 29, 30, 31 and 32. It is called Ellsworth. The first school house in this district, was erected in 1867, of native lumber. Minnie Goltra taught the first term of school. The building now used for school purposes, was built in the sum- mer of \%11, at a cost of $625. It is located on the northwest quarter of sec- tion 32. Charles Bagley taught the first term of school in this building. The pres- ent teacher is George Powell. EELIGIOUS ITEM. In 1858, Father Piatt, of Fort Des Moines, came to the township, and held mass at the house of Patrick Blake, on section 5. Father Dexter, of Omaha, held services at a later day, in the same neigh- borhood. HISTORIC. George Reeves was the first who died in the township.* His death occurred in the winter of 1856. The first marriage in Washington town- ship was that which united, as man and wife, Alvin Jessup and Harriet DriscoU. The ceremony occurred at the old Everly farm, now owned by Peter Hopley, in June, 1853. The groom was a native of Indiana, and at the time of the marriage was a resident of Cass township. At last accounts he was in Missouri. The bride was a native of Burlington, Iowa, where she was born in 1834. She is now dead. Joseph Everly was a man who bore a good reputation when in his normal con- dition, but who, unfortunately, was ad- dicted to the excessive use of liquor. One day, in the fall of 1860, he rode into Lewis on horseback, and spent a good portion of the day in drinking. Jacob Watson was also in town that day with a team, and about dusk, having finished his trading, started for home. It seems that after passing Turkey creek bridge, Watson was overtaken by Everly, and a quarrel began, which was overheard by a neighboring family. The next morning Everly was found dead in the brush at the side of the road, three-quarters of a mile beyond Turkey creek bridge, with the- marks of a club across his skull. The affair did not create much excitement. The grand jury took the matter in hand, fcut did not return an indictment against any one, and the affair was dropped. Everly was bu- ried in the Lewis cemetery. TOWNSHIP OFFICEES. The first officers of the township of Washington were: William Worth, B. D. Shepherd and M. Kirkpatrick, trustees; E. D. Hawes, clerk; M. W. Watson, as- sessor; Eli Watson, road supervisor. The present officers of Washington township are: R. Marshall, clerk; Ralph Warner, L. Grout and J. D. Goff, trustees; L. A. Dawson, assessor; M. W. Watson, justice. i>jv ^I 636 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. CHAPTER XXIV BENTON TOWNSHIP. The sabdivrsion of Cass county which is known as Benton township, was consti- tuted June 11, 1870, from Grant, Pymosa, and the now extinct township of Turkey Grove. All of congressional township 11 north, range 35 west, enters into its formation. The election was held in October, 1870, at Cannon's schoolhouse, and the warrant as election officer was issued to J'. C. Cannon. At this election the following officers were chosen: L. D. Pearson, Orson Brown and William Gingery, trustees; Samuel Howlett, clerk; James Jordan and Joseph Clure, consta- bles; H. Parker, justice; Chauncey Slater, T. J. Roberts, J. B. McGill, D. G. Hat- field, Henry Mc Dermott and James McDermott, road supervisors. There is not one section in the township which does not have its stream, large or small, for purposes of drainage and irrigation. The Troublesome creek flows diagonally tlirough the township, from northeast to southwest, entering from the north at sec- tions I, 2 and 3, and passing into Pymosa from the southwest quarter of section 31. Crooked creek enters from the east on section 12, and flows west till it joins the Troublesome about the northwest corner of section 15. These streams and their smaller tributaries afford water for every farm in the township. The wagon roads for the most part in- tersect each other at right angles, and follow the section lines in most cases. The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad passes through the southeast part of the township, touching only sections 35 and 36. There are nine school districts in the township, all of regulation size, being composed of four sections each. Highland Grove is located in the north- _ eastern corner of the township, and Ham- lin's Grove on sections 2 and 3. Besides these there are several lesser natural groves in the township. The country is a beautiful undulating prairie, varied occasionally by mild hills and patches of timber. The improvements are worthy of the soil, which is as good as exists in the county. EARLY SETTLEMENT. William Hamlin was the pioneer settler of Benton township. He came on the 6th day of May, 1851, and located on sec- tion 6, He set about improving his claim, and the log cabin which he built was the first structure of any kind erected in the township. It was sixteen by sixteen feet in ground area. He remained about five years, when he removed to Pymosa township. He afterwards removed from k^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. C37 the county, going to Arkansas, where he now resides. He is a brother of Nathaniel Hamlin, of Audubon county. Robert Stansbury came to Benton town- ship in the spring of 1853, and located on section 11, where L. D. Pearson now re- sides. He built a cabin, and made some improvements, but becoming dissatisfied, he gave up his place, and removed to Audubon .county, and from there to Kan- sas. His present whereabouts are not to be ascertained. William Millhollen came in the spring of 1854, and locating on section 10, built a cabin and improved a farm. The widow of M. R. Shultz now owns this land. Mr. Millhollen now resides at Dear Grove, Guthrie county. James Montgomery came in the spring of 1854, and settled on section 14, where O. B. Brown now lives. He built a cabin and made soine improvements, but after staying a short time, he removed to Bates county, Missouri, where he died during the time of the war. He was a native of Kentucky, and came here from Illinois. John Eagan came in the spring of 1854, and located on section 14. He built a cabin, and began improving his claim. The land on which he settled is now owned by Chauncey Slater. After he had been here about one year, he was driving his team one day, when he was thrown from the wagon, receiving injuries from which he died a short time afterward. The family now resides in the vicinity. Joseph Northgraves first came to Ben- ton in 1854, and located a piece of land on section 29, where he erected a house 16x20 feet, made from boards cut with a "whip-saw" out of native timter. He then returned to Hamilton county, Ohio, and in the fall of 1855 removed his fam- ily to Benton township. They remained here until 1877, when Mr. Northgraves •disposed of his property and removed to Adams county, where he operates the flouring mills at Eureka, having followed the milling business most of his life. Mr. Northgraves is a native of England, and came to America with his parents when three years of age. Rensselaer Silvers came to this town- ship in the spring of 1855, and located on section 1, at the place where John Dill now lives. On his arrival he immediately set about building a cabin and improving a farm. He was a native of North Caro- lina, and had grown to manhood in the south. He was living in the county when the war broke out, and in October, 1864, was drafted and served with the Fourth Iowa through the balance of the war, as did also his brother Isaac. At the close of the war, Rensselaer returned to the county, but after a stay of about three years, removed to Missouri, where he now resides. Jonathan Decker came in the spring of 1855, and settled on section 1, where he built a cabin for a shelter for his family, and set about improving a farm of one hundred and twenty acres. He was a na- tive of Ohio, and had lived in that State until coming here. He remained here until about the year 1866, when he re- moved to Audubon county. He after- ward removed with his family to Ne- braska, where he now resides. S. H. Perry came here ia 1866, and lo- cated on section 12, where he built a cabin and made some improyements IP^ '-iU 638 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Henry McDermott now owns the land on which he settled. Perry staid some five or six years, when he removed to Exira, Audubon county. On the death of his wife, which occurred some time after- ward, he returned to Pennsylvania, his native State. Orson Brown came in September, 1856, and bought land of James Montgomery, on sections 13 and 14. on which he settled. Orson Brown resides upon the north- east quarter of section 14. His farm com- prises one hundred and twenty acres in that section. He also owns one hundred and twenty acres in section 13. He pur- chased his home farm of James Mont- gomery, in September, 1856, at which time he located here. Mr. Montgomery had made a few improvements, consisting of the erection of a log house and the breaking of sixty acres. Mr. Brown has a well improved farm. His present resi- dence, which is among the best to be found in Benton township, was built in 1866, but additions have since been made. He hauled the lumber for building his house from Boonesborough and Des Moines, the trip requiring five days. He has in his orchard about two hundred and seventy-five bearing apple trees, twenty- five cherry trees, and other varieties of fruit. Mr. Brown was born in St. Law- rence county. New York, January 1, 1824. His father, Luther Brown, removed to Indiana when Orson was about sixteen years of age, and settled in Steuben county, where he lived until his death. Orson Brown went overland to California in 1852, being just three months on the road between Council Bluffs and Placer- ville. He returned in 1856, and soon af- terwards came to Cass county. His brother, Anson Brown, came here in 1854, and pre-empted several pieces of land. He settled on eighty acres, forty of which was in section 11, and the bal- ance in section 13. Later, he removed to Atlantic township, thence to Missouri, and afterward to Ottawa, Kansas, where he still lives. Orson Brown has been twice married. His first wife was Jane Tilletson, who died here in 1870. His present wife, formerly Mrs. Jane (Wood) Brown, was born in Michigan, and came to this county in 1872. Mr. Brown had, by his first marriage, five children — Mary, wife of Cortes Taylor, of Sioux county; Ernest, living in this county; Bosetta, wife of Lewis Anderson, of Anita; Martha, in Sioux county, and Jane, at home. He lost ■ two sons — William and Charles. Mrs. Brown has one son by her former mar- riage, Elmer. Henry McDermott located on section 12, in 1857, where he now has a large tract of improved land. Henry McDermot was born in Eichland county, Ohio, in 1828. He was reared a farmer, also engaged to some extent, in carpenter work. He came to Iowa in 1856, with his family, locating in Johnson county. The following year he settled on section 12, of Benton township. His farm contains five hundred and sixty acres. He also owns owns one hundred and twenty acres three miles east of Anita. He was married to Elizabeth Miller, a native of Richland county, Ohio. They have six children — John,,Charles, George, Thomas, David and Emma. James B. McDermott came in March, 1857, and 'purchased of Dr. G. S. Morri- ^ -f 'JiL HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 639 . g — son the sontheast quarter of section 35, on which he made a permanent settlement. James B. McDermott located in March, 1859, upon the southeast quarter of sec- tion 35, Benton township, where he new resides. He purchased the land at that time, of Dr. G. S. Morrison, who then liv- ed in Grant township. At that time the only settlements in Benton, were on Crooked and Troublesome creeks. Mr. McDermott is a native of Richland county, Ohio, born in 1826. He was reared to the ocpupation of farming. He came to this State in 1855, accompanied by his family, and his brother lifarcus, and his family. He lived in the southern part of Red Oak township, in Cedar county, two years, coming to Cass county, November 1, 185V. He had purchased his land here the pre- vious year. Mr. McDermott is one of the large and successful farmers and stock raisers of Cass county. He increased his quarter section to about six hundred and forty acres. He has divided much of his land among his sons, but still owns the most of his original purchase. He was married to Elizabeth E. Westheffer, a na- tive of Pennsylvania, born in 1825. She removed with her parents to Ohio in 1844. Mr. McDermott's parents were Mark and Sarah McDermott. His father died sev- eral years since. His mother is still liv- ing at an advanced age. They were na- tives of Pennsylvania,and among the early settlers of that part of Ohio. Mrs. McDer- motts parents were William and Mary Westheffer. Mr. McDermott was previ- ously married in Ohio, and lost his wife there. He had two children by his first marriage — Martin L., and Anna E. He has by his second marriage, four children 40 — Charles W., James D., Verdie and Eva B. The youngest three were born in Benton township. Charles W. McDermott, son of James B., and Elizabeth McDermott, was born in Cedar county, Iowa, in 1856. He come to Cass county with his parents the fol- lowing year. He is married to Isabel Nordman, a daughter of Frank Nordman, of Franklin township. Mr. McDermott resides on section 35, where he owns a farm of one hundred and sixty acres. James M. Brown, an early settler of this county, was born in New Plampshire, in 1820. He removed with his parents, to Erie county. New York, when quite young. His father, James Brown, died when he (James M.) was twelve years old. His mother married again and removed to Cat- taragus county. New York, where she died. James M., left home at the age of sixteen and went to Calhoun county, Mich- igan, where he worked by the month, for a time, thence to Rock Island county, Illi- nois. In 1853, he crossed the plains to California with ox teams, being on the road six months. He remained there two years then returned to Rock Island county and lived there until 1858, when he came to Cass couuty, Iowa. He purchased there of Samuel M. Ballard, a farm of three hundred and twenty acres, unimproved, and comprising the south half of section 10, of Benton township, where he settled and still resides. Mr. Brown was married in Rock Island county, to Sarah Martin, a native of Kentucky. They have five chil- dren — Mrs. Elma Millhollen, Mrs. Ellen Howlett, Mrs. Lydia Hall, (widow), Mrs. Alta Pratt, and Grant. They have lost one child, Franklin. Mr, Brown came to T « — ^ 640 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Cass county in limited circumstances, but is now prosperous and has succeeded well financially. Politically, he is a Democrat. Lewis Beason was born in Greene county, Ohio, January 16, 1834. His parents were John and Elizabeth (Lee) Beason, natives of the same county and State. His father died in Jackson county, Oregon, in 1864, while his mother died in Logan county, Illinois, in 1865. When sixteen years of age, Mr. Beason went with his parents to Logan county, Illinois, and in 1854 went with his father to Oregon and California, on a specula- tive tour. They were absent two years, engaged in mining, etc., when Lewis returned to Illinois, where he remained but a short time, when he again started for California. While passing through Cass county, he metR. D. McGeehon and J. R. Kirk, old acquaintances, and was induced to remain. He settled in Atlan- tic township, on section 21, where he remained about five years, when in 1861 he traded his property here for what was known for years afterward, as the Beason Station, on the site where Anita now stands. He remained here until tlie fall of 1810, when he removed to his present location in Benton township. Mr. Bea- son served as a member of the board of supervisors of Cass county for four years, and was virtually the first postmaster at Anita, although a man by the name of Gardner was first appointed, but did not serve. He was also the first postmaster of the old Lura postoffice. At present Mr. Beason has one of the finest farms in Benton township, with an elegant resi- dence, beautiful lawns, a bearing orchard of about three acres, and is one of the prominent and influential citizens of Cass county. He was married in 1860 to Augusta Wooster, a daughter of Calvin and Hannah (Matson) Wooster, natives of New York. Mrs. Beason's father died at Anita, May 28, 1883. Her mother, who is nearly eighty-two years of age, makes her home with her daughter upon the farm in Benton township. Mr. and Mrs. Beason have had seven children, four of whom are living: Charles I., born Octo- ber 13, 1865; Lewis H., jr., born March 6, 1870; Olive, born August 25, 1873; Edith, born January 24, 1882. Mr. Bea- son is a member of tlfe Independent Or- der of Odd Fellows, and the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and in poli- tics is a Democrat. In addition to the property already spoken of, he has four hundred and sixty acres of land in a fine state of cultivation and raises a large amount of Shorthorn cattle and Poland China hogs. OTHBB SETTLERS. Below are given the sketches of citi- zens, who, while not arriving at a day so early as those mentioned, are still worthy of note by reason of their prominence: Richard F. Parmely resides on the east half of the southwest quarter of section 11. He also owns a farm in Exira town- ship, Audubon county. He settled here in 1866, purchasing the place of Calvert Strall. The only improvements were eighteen acres broken. He was born at Niles, Michigan, in September, 1836. He removed with his parents to Iowa, in 1847. They settled at Coltonville, Jack- son county. He came, in 1857, to Audu- bon county, which was then thinly popu- lated, and the townships were not organ" '^' HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 641 ized. G-ame, at that time, was plenty, includin'g deer and elk. He was -married in Audubon county, August 25, 1862, to Mary E. Johnson, who was born in Adams county, Illinois. They have four chil- dren — Perry F.,Rosella, Myron and Pearl A. The two eldest were born in Audu- bon county. As Mr. Parmely went to Jackson county in 184-7, and to Audubon county ten years later, he has spent much of his life on the frontier. He built his house here in 1866, drawing his lumber for that purpose from Des Moines, a dis- tance of eighty-six miles, by the wagon road. It took five days to make the trip. His father, Dennis Parmely, was a native of Erie county. New York, born in 1813. He removed to Michigan, where he was married, and, as before stated, came to Iowa in 1847. He now lives in Dexter, Dallas county. During the winter ol 1860 and '61, two brothers-in-law of Mr. Parmely, Daniel and Luke Imus, started on foot to go from Hamlin's Grove, Au- dubon county, to Mount Ayr, in Ring- gold county. Nearly the entire distance to Fontanelle, Adair county, was unbroken prairie. A terrible storm arose, durinr which the brothers perished on the prairie. One was found dead upon the prairie, the other succeeded in reaching a small, unoccupied house, where he was found frozen to death. They were buried in Hamlin cemetery, in Audubon county. The younger brother, Luke, is supposed to have died first, as he was found about six iliiles from the elder brother's body, laid out in proper shape for burial. A satchel was placed under his head and his shawl was wrapped about his head. Their bodies laid about three weeks on the prairie before discovered, and when found, the mice had eaten the flesh ofE the side of Luke's face, disfiguring it so that friends hardly recognized him. They perished between Morrison's Station and Fontanelle, at that time an unsettled prairie for twenty miles. Benjamin F. Shaffer (deceased) settled on section 17, of Benton township, in January, 1868. He was born in Utica, Knox county, Ohio, August 13, 1831. June 1, 1861, he enlisted in company B, of the Fourth Ohio Infantry, and served till June 21, 1864. He was one of five brothers, all of whom served over three years in the army during the rebellion, and all returned safely home. Mr. Shaf- fer was in active service during the whole time. He was in the battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, the second battle of Bull Run, and others. He returned to Ohio, and in 1866, was married to his present widow, Eliza (litrd) Sififfer, who was i)orn in Hartford, Licking county, Ohio, n 1846. Theycmt to Iowa in 1866, and 'ived two years in Jasper county, before ooming to Cass ccuuly. Their land here was wholly unimproved at the time of their settlement upon it. Mr. ShafFer was an energetic and enterprising man and one of the successful farmers of this township. He died June 22, 1884 after an illness of one year. He left a widow (before mentioned) and three sons — John F., Frederick R. and Charles M., all of whom are living at the homestead. John A. Charles, son of Robert Charles, was born in Richland county, Ohio, Octo- ber 80, 1841. His father died in that coun- ty in 1876. John A. Charles was brought up in his native State. August ll,1862,he y* fe 642 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. enlisted in the One Hundred and Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served until the fall of 1863, when he was discharged for disability. He took part in Buel's campaign against General Bragg, in Ken- tucky, in 1862. After being discharged he returned to Ohio, but was in govern- ment employ until the close of the war. He came to Iowa in 1867, and lived in Muscatine and Johnson counties, until he came to Cass county, in 1870. He first located in Pyraosa township, where he improved a farm. He settled where he now resides in March, 1883. His farm comprises the north half of the southwest quarter of section 22. He purchased this land of Wilbur D. Pratt, in the fall of 1882. Mr. Charles was married in Iowa "to Temperance M. Mason, a native of Richland county, of Ohio. They have four sons and four daughters, all of whom were born in Iowa. John Dill settled where he now resides, on the south half of the northeast quarter of section 1, in March, 1873. He purchas- ed his land of J. S. Gifford,who purchased it of James R. Silvers, who had bought the land of Cliarles Marsh, by whom it was entered. Mr. Silvers made the first improvements upon the place, consisting of the building of a log house and the breaking of twenty acres. Mr. Gifford built the present house, a one story frame structure. About seventy acres of the land is now under cultivation, the balance, ten acres, is covered with young timber, including elm, burr oak, white oak and hickory. Mr. Dill was born in Dearborn county, Indiana, in 1833. His father, Benjamin Dill, died when John was four years old. His mother re-married and re- moved to Rock Island county, Illinois, where he was reared. He was mal-ried to Sarah E. Stewart, also a native of Dear- born county, Indiana. She removed to Rock Island county, with her parents, in 1854. Mr. Dill moved to Missouri in the fall of 1859, but returned to Rock Island county, in 1860. He remained there un- til he came to Cass county, in 1869. He has been a permanent resident of Benton township since the fall of 1870. Mr. and Mrs. Dill are the parents of eight children — Mary Jane, Melvina, William E., Sylva A., Rachel, Elizabeth, Rosa and John. They have lost three children, two sons and one daughter. Mr. Dill has on his place an orchard of two hundred bearing apple trees, in a flourishing condition. Miss Sylva Dill is at present (1884) teach- ing school in district No. 7, of Exira town- ship, in Audubon county. Miss Elizabeth Dill is also a teacher, having taught her first term, in Union township, Cass county, in 1884. T. C. Winder settled in March, 1872, on section 25, Benton township, the land was then unimproved prairie. He now has a tine farm of one hundred and sixty acres with good improvements. He was born in Harrison county, Ohio, in the town of Freeport, in 1842. When seven years old he moved to Iowa with his father, Samuel Winder. They located in Louisa county where Samuel Winder died in 1870. His widow, Ruth Winder, still lives at the homestead. T. C. Winder enlisted in October, 1861, in the Eleventh Iowa "Vol- unteer Infantry, and served until Novem- ber, 1864, more than three years. He took part in the battle of Shiloh, siege and battle of Corinth, siege of Vioksburg ^^ At HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 643 and siege of Atlanta. He returned from the army to Louisa county and engaged in farming. He was married to Sarah M. Williamson, a daughter of James Williamson, who came to this State in 1835. Mrs. Winder was born in Louisa county. They have six children — Roy, Oliver, Harry, Chester, Arthur and Glenn. ' J. S. Cromwell located on his present farm in the northwest quarter of section 29, Benton township, in the spring of 1865. He had purchased the place the previous autumn, of Henry Ragan. The The farm then contained one hundred and twenty acres, comprisirg the east half of the northwest quarter of section 29, and the northeast quarter of the southwest quarter of the same section. This land was conveyed by the government, to A. L. Grosvenor of Council Bluffs, the date of the conveyance being July 9, 1855. The latter sold it, October 19, 1865, to William Stewart, who built a small frame bouse and broke a few acres upon it. The land was transferred several times before Mr. Cromwell purchased it in 1864. At that time, there were on the place, the small frame house above mentioned, to which a small addition had been made, a poor log stable and forty acres broken. Mr. Cromwell now has two hundred and forty acres, one of the finest farms in the township, and in fact, one of the best in the county. He has an orchard of three hundred trees, also many evergreen and ornamental trees. Everything pertaining to the place gives evidence of the refined and cultivated taste of the owner. Mr. Cromwell was born in New York in 1883 where he was reared to agricultural pur- suits. His father, Charles Cromwell, died when he was sixteen years of age. At the age of nineteen years he went to Mc- Henry county, Illinois, where two elder brothers were living. lie lived in Illi- nois twelve years, and was married to Mary Slater, daughter of Ariel Slater, an early settler of this town. Mr. and Mrs. Cromwell have two children — Ella, wife of Madison Caughey of Atlantic, and Elsie, at home. The former was born in Illinois, and the latter, here. Mr. Crom- well has been justice of the peace of this township for seven years. Francis L. Henry resides on the north- east quarter of section 28. He alsoowns eighty acres in the south half of the southwest quarter of section 22, having altogether, two hundred and forty acres, upon which he has made all the improve- ments. The date of his settlement- here is 1874, when he bought the first described land of Moses Reeves and the last des- cribed of Philip Marvin. Mr. Henry was born in Park county, Indiana, in 1849. He came to Iowa with his parents in 1850. The family settled in Mahaska county, where his father still lives. Mr. Henry is a Greenbacker, politically, having been a member of that party since its organiza- tion in 1864. Levi H. GriflSth was born in Washing- ton county, Pennsylvania, in 1844. Four years later his parents removed to Ohio, where his father, Levi Griffith, died. His mother removed with her family, to Van Buren county, Iowa, in 1855, and the fol- lowing year went to Mahaska county, thence to Marion county, where the sub- ject of this sketch was married to Minerva C. Adams, a native of New York. He •r 644 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. removed to this county in August, 1874. His mother came here with him and re- mained until her death. Mr. Griffith has been a resident of this township since 1874, but settled where he now resides, in the spring of 1878. His farm contains three hundred and twenty acres, located in section 24. He purchased his land of different parties and none of it was im- proved at the time of his purchase. He built a frame house in 1878, and broke about thirty acres. He also planted an orchard of two hundred and forty trees, which is now (1884) in fine bearing con- dition. Mr. and Mrs. Griffith haye seven children, three sons and four daughters^ Louisa, Ann, Adella, Ella, Edwin, Grant and Boscoe. George E. Williams owns and occupies a farm of two hundred and eighteen acres in section 29 and 80, of Benton township. He has been a resident of Benton since October, 1864. He first settled on the southeast quarter of section 30, where he lived until he removed to his present resi- dence in 29, in the spring of 1874. Mr. Williams was born in Grafton county, New Hampshire, September 6, 1830. He lived in his native State till 1850, then removed with his parents to Genoa, De Kalb county, Illinois. He was married in Illinois, in 1857, to Mary E. Oakes, a native of the town of Potsdam, St. Law- rence county. New York, born in August, 1838. Her parents, Asa and Hannah Oakes, were born, reared and married in New Hampshire, removed to New York and thence to Illinois, where they remained until their decease. Mr.Williams' parents removed with him, to this county, in 1864. His father, however, died in Illinois, where he had returned on a visit. His mother died here. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have eight children — Charles H., Alice C, wife of Isaac C. Russell, Willie C. and Katie W., (twine), the latter a teacher and at present attending the State Normal school at Cedar Falls, Luana S. and Lavina M., (also twins), Horace D. and Bertha D. They lost th^ir seventh child and third son, George A., when an infant. Mr. Williams was severely injured, in 1868, by being thrown from a horse. His life was long despaired of, and he has since been an invalid. Since then he has spent much of his time in reading, and is a man of much general information. James Jordan resides upon the south- east quarter of section 16, of Benton town- ship. He also owns eighty acres in sec- tion 21, having in all, one hundred and sixty acres. Mr. Jordan located here in May, 1868. No improvements had then been made upon his land. The nearest residence to his was, at that time, that of James M. Brown two and a half miles distant. He was born in Monroe county, Indiana, in 1842. When he was thirteen years old,his father died and he went to what is now Ford county, Illinois, and re- sided with an elder brother, till 1862, when he returned to Indiana and enlisted in the Fifty-ninth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He served until September 11, 1863, when he was discharged for disability. .He par- ticipated in the battle of Corinth and the siege of Vicksburg. After his discharge, he returned to Illinois, and was there mar- ried, in 1865, to Agnes Dungan, who was born near Madison, Indiana. , Soon after his marriage he returned to Indiana and remained there from the spring of 1866, t •< HISTORY or CASS COUNTY. 645 till August, 1867, when he came to this county and passed the first winter near Grove City, locating here, as before stated, in the spring following. He has been one of the prominent farmers and ofilcials of the township. He has been assessor seven years, and still holds that oflBce; township trustee three years and secretary of school board, twelve years. He is a Republican politically. Mr. and Mrs. Jordan are the parents of six. living children — Emma, Mary, Arthur, Myrtle, James W. and Grace. They lost two children, Lettie and an infant son. Homer. Henry Howell, proprietor of the Ben- ton mills, also owns a farm of two hun- dred and forty acres on section 20. The mill is located on section 29, and was built in 1870, by Joseph Northgrool, who operated it for six or seven years, and of whom Mr. Howell purchased it in 1877. It is situated on Troublesome creek, and has two run of stone and water power that never fails. Its capacity is about one hundred bushels of grain in twelve hours. This is the only mill ever erected in Benton township, and does the milling of the farmers for many miles around. The machinery consists of the "Garden City Purifier," "Eureka Smutter and Scourer," with a corn-sheller attached, which is operated by water. This mill does first-class work. Mr. Howell was born in Delaware countv. New York, and was reared in Genesee county, on a farm. He received his education at the Delaware Literary institute of Franklin, New York. He went to California in 1855j and en- gaged in mining until 1869. He then went to Illinois and remained until he came to this county. He has been en- gaged in farming, in connection with car- penter work, the greater part of his life. He purchased his farm here in the spring of 1883. It is excellent land and espe- cially adapted to the raising of corn. He has, the present year, (1884), ninety acres of corn, which will average fifty-five bushels per acre. Mr. Howell was mar- ried to Mary Strother, a native of Indiana. They have two children —Grace and Homer. A. C. Gochanoier resides upon section 1. He owns a farm of three hundred and twenty acres in sections 1 and 12. He settled here in March, 1883, buying his land, which was unimproved, of S. M. Ballard, paying for the same twenty dol- lars per acre. He has one hundred and forty acres broken, and one hundred and twenty acres of timber. This will prove a valuable farm. Mr. Gochanoier was born in LaSalle county, Illinois, in 1852. He was there reared to the occupation of farming. His father, J. C. Gochanoier, was a native of Ohio, and removed to Illi- nois at an early day. He is still a promi- nent farmer of LaSalle county, in that State. Mr. Gochanoier came west to ob- tain a larger farm than he would other- wise have, and has been fortunate in his choice of a location, having a large and excellent farm. He was married to Eva I., daughter of John A. Parker, of this township. They have four children — May Belle, Lilly, Franklin E. and Esther! John McGrain settled on the northeast quarter of section 1, where he owns eighty acres, in March, 1876. This land was entered by Charles C. Marsh, and the first improvements upon it were made by James R. Silvers. Mr. McGrain was born ^Q ^ i^? 646 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. .in Lafayette county, Indiana, in 1829. He was brought up in Illinois, and lived with his parents until twenty years of age. In 1849 he went overland to California. The company with which he went was one of the first to cross the plains to California after the discovery of gold in that State. He drove an ox team, consuming about five months in making the trip. He re- mained there about eighteen months, en- gaged in mining. At that time the news of the discovery of gold in Australia reached California, and Mr. McGrain, with a number of other miners, deter- mined to go to the new land of gold. Ac- cordingly, they took passage for Australia in the second ship that left San Francisco bound for that place. He spent nearly thirty years in Australia, returning in 1876, the year in which he located here. He spent the time in Australia, first in mining and later in stock-raising. He was married in that country to Eana Rol- lins, a native of Australia, but of English parentage. They have one child, Wil- liam, born here in 18V9. Mrs. Ann W. Pratt is the widow of Isaac Pratt, who was born in Wayne county, New York, in 1816. He was reared in his native State and there mar- ried to Ann Wake, who was born in York- shire, England, in 1826. She came with her parents to the United States, in 1832. Her parents, George and Mary Wake, set- tled in Wayne county. New York, and in 1850, removed to Illinois, where her father died. Her mother still lives in that State, at the advanced age of eighty- three years. Mr. and Mrs. Pratt were married in New York, in July, 1847. They removed to Rock Island county, Illinois, in 1850, where Mr. Pratt died in 1863. They had six children, five of whom are living — Mary E., Wilbur D., Roland C, Anna E. and George I. Emma, their second child, is dead. Mrs. Pratt settled with her family, on her present farm, in 1875. It contains one hundred and twenty acres, located on section 23, of Benton township. William C. Blackledge, an early settler in Cass county, resides on section 16, on the farm owned by George Moore. Mr. Blackledge formerly owned the place. He settled here in March, 1867, being the first settler on this section. Deer were quite numerous here at that time. He was born September 11, 1842, in Jeffer- son county, Ohio, where he spent his younger days. In August, 1862, he en- listed in company A, of the Ninety-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. He was wounded at the battle of Perryville, by a fragment of a shell, but resumed his place in the ranks after three weeks. He was in the battle of Chickamauga, the campaign of Atlanta, and marched with Sherman's army to the sea. He was also in the battles of Bentonville and Kenesaw Mountains, the latter engagement being one of the most important and desperate battles in which he participated. He was at that time under command of Jefferson C. Davis. He witnessed the death of Colonel Dan McCook, who was killed with a spade in the hands of a private rebel soldier, as he leaped over the enemy's , works. After the war he returned to Ohio, coming here, as stated, in 1867. Mr. Blackledge has been twice married. His first wife was Martha Jane Adams, a ^« 7t^ ^: HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 647 £&U native of Ohio, who died here in March, 1874, leaving five children — Cora, Ord, Herinine, Theron and Harry. His present wife was Ida Parmely, a daughter of Dennis Parmely. Cornelius W. Deeds settled where he now resides, on the southeast quarter of section 2, of Benton township, in July, 1 864. He purchased his land of the gov- ernment, and has, of course, made all of his improvements. His first house was a log cabin, in which he lived until he built his present residence in 1882. He has an apple orchard, containing about four hun- dred bearing trees. His farm contains eighty acres. He was born in Westmore- land county, Pennsylvania, in 1835. In 1841 his father removed to Lee county, Iowa. Cornelius was reared a farmer and has always been engaged in that occupa- tion. He was married to Artemisia Mapes, a native of Ohio, and a daughter of Solomon Mapes, who died in Audubon county, Iowa, in 1882, at the age of eighty-two years. *Mr. Deeds' father, John Deeds, enlisted in the Thirty-seventh Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and died while in the service, at Alton Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Deeds have five childrjen — Lila, Etna E., Capitola G., Elihu and Ada U. The eldest two were born in Lee county, the others here. William Morgan lives on section 24, where he settled. in 1875. He at first pur- chased eighty acres, but now has two hundred and eighty acres, forty of which is in Grant township. He was born in the city of Glasgow, Scotland, in 1834. He was brought up in his native country, and in his youth, served an apprenticeship to the trade of linen thread making. He came to America in July, 1867, landed at New York and went to Illinois. In 1874 he came to Cass county and bought eighty acres of land, on which he settled the fol- lowing year. He had, when he came here, but little of this world's goods, but is now in prosperous circumstances. He was married in Scotland, to Margaret Gow. They have eleven children, of whom the eldest two were born in Scot- land. They have eight sons and two daughters. They lost one son previous to coming to this country. Samuel Donnel resides on the north- west quarter of section 4, where he settled in the fall of 1870. He was born in Seneca county, Ohio, in February, 1828. He re- mained in his native county until nineteen years of age, then removed with his par- ents to Marion county, Iowa. In 1849, he went, overland, to California and there en- gaged in mining and farming until 1865. He was married in that State, to Maria Honeywell, who was born in Massachu- setts and went to California with her par- ents. She died in Sacramento City. Mr. Donnel was again married to Mrs. Tamsy E. Flora, a sister of John C. Cannon, an early settler of this town. ■ She was born in Indiana, in April, 1823, and came early to this county. Mr. and Mrs. Donnel have one adopted son — Edwin Collins Donnel. Charles H. Aborn owns and resided on the northwest quarter of section 31. His farm includes one hundred and sixty-eight acres. He settled on this place in Feb- ruary, 1868, purchasing his land of Ariel Slater. The only improvements upon the place were a log cabin, a small log stable and twenty acres broken. Now the land ip iLli- 648 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. has all been broken, stocked down and fenced. He has a good dwelling and barn erected at a cost of about fifteen hundred dollars, also an abundance of pure water. Mr. Aborn was born in the town of Tol- land, Tolland county, Connecticut, July 27, 1833. He was brought up on a farm. His wife was formerly Harriet Eliza Slater, daughter of Ariel Slater. She was born in Ellington, Connecticut. They have two children — Jennie H., now the wife of J. A. Nichols, of Englewood,Cook county, Illinois, and Arthur Charles, now married to Alice Lavring. Mr. Aborn's parents were Jedediah and Laura (Rider) Aborn, natives of Connecticut. His grand- fathers were soldiers in the Revolution. His paternal grandfather was in the battle of Monmouth, and crossed the Del- aware river with Washington, to attack the enemy, one of the most memorable events of the Revolution. Mr. Aborn came here first, in 1866, on a prospecting tour. The country in this vicinity was at that time very new, deer and other game were abundant. The site of the city of Atlantic was then unbroken prairie. Mr. Aborn has witnessed the development of the county to its present advanced con- dition. Thomas J. Roberts owns and occupies one hundred and twenty acres located in the southwest quarter of section 33, of Benton township. He settled here in March, 1882, purchasing his land of Henry C. Herbert, who was the first settler upon it. The principle improvements on this place, are, a good frame house, a corn crib and granary combined and a frame build- ing, formerly a dwelling but used now as a stable, also an orchard of fifty bearing trees. The land is all under cultivation. Mr. Roberts was born in Dearborn county, Indiana, in 1831. He removed to Illinois with his parents, when a child, and was there reared to the occupation of farm- ing. His father, Ebenezer Roberts, lived in Illinois until his death. Mr. Roberts came to Cass county in 1869, and settled on section 16, of this township, where he lived twelve years. He then sold his farm and moved to Pymosa township, remain- ing there until he came here in 1882. His wife was formerly Eunice M. Bennett, a native of Pennsylvania. They have six children — John B., James M , Rachel L., Eva Ann, Lula and Minnie J. They have, also, lost six children, Walter F. Marsh resides upon the south- west quarter of the southwest quarter o/ section 12, Benton township. The forty on which he lives, was pre-empted by An- son Brown in 1853 or '54. Mr. Marsh bought the pre-emption right of Mr. Brown in 1855. In the fall of the same year he pre-empted one hundred and sixty acres, comprising the southeast quarter of sec- tion 11, on which he built his first house. His farm still consists of the above de- scribed land. At the time of Mr. Marsh's settlement here there were living in what is now Benton township the following settlers: Stillman H. Perry, who, several years since returned to his native State, Pennsylvania; Anson Brown, now in Kan- sas; James Montgomery, who removed to Missouri and is now deceased, and Mrs. Elizabeth Eagan whose husband was kill- ed here, by the running away of his horse. The above named all lived on Crooked Creek. Jefferson Goodale was living on section 6. He is now dead, but his family *yj« HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ^ 9 649 L^ J still own the homestead. Mr. Marsh came here in company with his brother, Charles Marsh. Walter F. Marsh was born in Sharon, Litchfield county, Con- necticut, in September, 1825. He removed to Pennsylvania with his parents when six years old. He was brought up in that State, and married to Arralutia Minkler, a native of Susquehanna county, Penn- sylvania, born in 1830. Mr. and Mrs. Marsh have ten children, five sons and five daughters — Helen A., Parthena B., Horatio W.,Zelote8 C, Albert H., Chester E., Walter E., Phoebe G., Florence A., and Olive. They have lost two children — Arabelle and Estella. Charles Marsh, a brother of W. F. Marsh, resides in Exira township, Audu- bon county. He first settled on section 12, of Benton township, where he entered a quarter section and lived until March 1, IS*. He was born in Sharon, Litchfield county, Connecticut, in 1828. He was married to Elizabeth Millhollen, daughter of William Millhollen, an early settler of Benton township. They have five chil- dren — George, Anna, Eva, Isadora and Louisa. They have lost two sons — Frank- lin and Earl. The father of the Marsh brothers, died in Pennsylvania, in April, 1830. Their mother came here and lived with her children till her death in 1867, at the age of seventy-nine years. The brothers have spent some time iu prospecting and mining in Colorado. Charles went there in 1859, and remained till 1864. W. F. went in 1860, and came home in 1863 Both W. F. and Charles Marsh have been Republicans since the organization of that party, and still fight under that banner. Andrew Wishart resides on section 29. He owns a farm of one hundred and twen- ty-four acres located in sections 29 and 32, on which he settled iu 1871. He was born in Scotland in 1817, and lived in his native country until 1871. When a young man he learned the business of slate-roof- ing, of his father, and for forty years followed that occupation. Four of Mr. Wishart's sons are engaged in that busi- ness. He was married in Scotland, to Jane Willcocks, also a native of Scotland. They have a family of nine children, seven of whom are living in this country. Mr. Wishart on coming to the United States, landedat Portland, Maine, thence to Boston, thence to New Hampshire, where he had a son living, through whose influence he went to Illinois. Learning there, from friends, that his present farm was for sale, he purchased it and removed here immediately after. Martin Shultz, (deceased,) settled on the west half of the northwest quarter of section 10, in January, 1859. The family still reside here. Mr. Shultz was born in New Jersey, March 29, 1813. He was reared in that State, and at the age of twenty-three, went to Pennsylvania, where he was married to Julina Kelley, who sur- vives him. They moved from Pennsyl- vania to Franklin county, Ohio, in 1844, and in 1855 came to Iowa and settled iu Guthrie county. Four years later they came to Cass county. Mr. Shultz ex- changed his farm in Guthrie county for the farm now occupied by his family in this county. It was owned by William Millhollen, who made the first improve- ments upon it. Mr. Shultz died in Au- gust, 1881, at the age of sixty-three years - » r 4 f.iA 650 HISTORr OF CASS COUNTY. He was a man highly respected in the community in which he lived. Mr. and Mrs. Shultz had one adopted son, William Henry, born December 24, 1860, in Shelby county, Iowa. He now resides on the homestead with his mother. EDUCATIOIfAI,. The pioneer school board of Benton township was elected in the spring of 1871, and was composed of the following : Hi- ram Pattee, president; W. T. Murphy, secretary; C. W. Deeds, treasurer; W. T. Murp'hy, Eli Spry, G. E. Williams, C, W. Deeds, J. H. Willis, James McDer- mott, Hiram Pattee, directors. The last school board, or that of 1884, were : L. S. Hinshaw, president ; James Jordan, secretary; G. E. Williams, treasurer ; R. F. Parmeley, J. D. Walker, John Kelley, W. Bicket, C. R. Chaffee, L. S. Hinshaw, J. B. McDermott, A. Wishart, G. E. Wil- liams, directors. School district No. 1 is comprised of sections 1, 2, 11 and 12, and is one of the oldest districts in the township. The first school house was erected in 1860, on sec- tion 12. It was made of native lumber, and was 18x24 feet in size, costing $410. Prior to this, school was taught in the dis- trict at the residence of John McGill, where L. D. Pearson now resides, on sec- tion 11, and was probably the first school taught in the township. In the fall of 1876, a new school house was erected on the northeast corner of section 1 1, which cost $500. The first teacher in the building was Maggie Sheleday, while W. M. Doty taught the fall term of 1884. The present director of this district is R. F. Parmely. School district No. 2 includes the terri- tory of sections 3, 4, 9 and 10. The pres- ent building was erected during the sum- mer of 1881, on the southwest corner of section 4. Julius Hill taught the first term of school in this building, and Blanche Noon taught the fall term of 1884. J. D. Walker acts as director at present. School district No. 3 has a school house situated upon the northeast corner of sec- tion 7, which was erected in the summer of 1872, at a cost of $650. L. C. Frost taught the first term of school in this house, and Jennie Noon taught the fall term of 1884. Several years prior to the erection of the present house in this dis- trict, a school house was built and school held therein. The district at present is composed of sections 5, 6, 7 and 8. John Kelley is the director. School district No. 4 includes sections 17, 18, 19 and 20, and has a school house on the northwest corner of section 20, erected at a cost of $700, during the sum- mer of 1872. Mrs. J. W. Walker taught the first school in the building. The present teacher is Pearl Dennis. W.Bicket is the director of the district. School district No. 5 embraces sections 15, 16, 21 and 22, and is, therefore, the center district of the township. The' pioneer school was taught by Mrs. J. W. Walker, in the spring of 1870, at her home on section 16. During the summer of 1872 a school house was erected in this district, on the southeast corner of sec- tion 15, at a cost of about $700. The first term of school in this building was also taught by Mrs. Walker. The present building, which is situated on the north- west quarter of section 22, was erected in ^'^ ILL HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 651 the fall of 1880. It is 24x34 feet in di- mensions, and cost $700. J.T. McCIellan taught the first term of school in this house. Eva McDermott taught the fall term of 1684, with C. R. ChaflEee as di- rector. School district No. 6, comprising sec- tions 11, 12, 13 and 14, has a school house in the southwest cornerof section 12. The building was put up during the summer of 1877, and cost about $750. The pio- neer teacher was Annie Pratt. Fannie Moseley taught the fall term of 1884. L. S. Hinshaw is the present director of this district. School district No, 7 includes the terri- tory found in sections 25, 26, 35 and 36. In the summer of 1872 the school house of this district was built, at a point about the center of section 36, at a cost of about $700. In the fall of 1882 it was removed to a more convenient and central portion of the district, being located on the south- east corner of section 26. D. G. Wooster was the first teacher in the building, and Eliza Butcher taught the fall term of 1 884. J. D. McDermott is the present director of the district. School district No. 8 embraces sections 27, 28, 33 and 34, and has a school house situated on the southwest corner of sec- tion 27. The building was erected during the summer of 1876, and cost six hundred dollars. To Emma Jameson belongs the credit of being the first teacher in this building, while Minnie Hartshorn taught the last term of school in the house. A. Wishart is the present director of the district. School district No. 9 comprises sections 29, 30, 31, and 32. In the summer of 1875 a school house was erected on the north- west corner of section 32, which cost about seven hundred dollars. The pioneer teacher in this building was B. Forester. Frances Jones taught the term of school in the fall of 1884, with G. E. Williams as director of the district. GOVBRNMKNT. The first officers of Benton township were elected in October, 1870, and were as follows: L. D. Pearson, Orson Brown and William Gingery, trustees; Samuel Howlett, clerk; James Jordan and Joseph Clure, con^ables; H. Parker, justice; Chauncey Slater, T. J. Roberts, J. B. McGill, D. G. Hatfield, Henry McDer- mott and James McDermott, road super- visors. The present township officers are: Henry Howell, clerk; James Jordan, assessor; John Charles, William Gingery and J. B. McDermott, trustees; O. B. Brown and Nathaniel Yeates, justices; James Wishart and JoITn Hartshorn, con- stables; W. H. Millhollen, C. E. Bowen, John Kelley, N. F. Lambert, William Long, L. S. Hinshaw, William Lowe, J. P. Hartshorn and E. Kimball, road super- visors. EBLIGIOtrs. The Highland Methodist Episcopal church society is a flourisliing organiza- tion composed of about twenty members. They were first organized in 1864. Their church building, located on section 2, was erected in 1872. (See Ecclesiastical chap- ter for fuller particulars.) HIGHLAND CEMETEKY. This cemetery is situated at the south- east corner of section 2, and contains •I *Tv ; : 652 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY, three acres of ground. It was laid out in the summer of 1881. The first inter- ment in this cemetery was that of a child. The second person buried was Martin Shultz. EAELT ITEMS. William Hamlin was the pioneer of Benton township, settling in May, 1851. He also built the first house, planted the first corn and potatoes, and gathered the first crop in the township. This was all in 1851. FLOITEING MILL. The flouring mill, situated on Trouble- some creek, was erected by Joseph North- graves in 1870, at a cost of about three thousand dollars. The mill was known for a number of years as Northgraves' mill. In 1877 it was disposed of to Henry Howell, the present proprietor. COWBOYS. As this part of Cass county was inhab- ited by a class of ruffians who were com- monly known as the Crooked creek cow- boys, the following explanatory article is taken from the files of the Atlantic Daily Telegraph, bearing the date of February 22, 1883: "Our readers have heard and read much about the 'Crooked creek crowd,' or the 'Troublesome creek banditti,' but probar bly very few know exactly who the men are and what their career has been. To our non-resident readers we will say that the localities named are in a northeasterly direction from this city, in Benton town- ship, ten or twelve miles from Atlantic, near the Audubon county line. First, there are the Brown boys — Frank, aged about twenty-three, and Grant, aged about eighteen years. They are sons of James Brown, who owns a fine farm in Benton township, and has lived there probably fifteen years. John Hall, a stout young fellow, whose home was formerly in East- ern Iowa, is aged about twenty-two years; he makes his home with John MillhoUen; the latter married a daughter of James Brown, and is therefore a brother-in-law to Frank and Grant Brown. Lloyd Hin- kle, aged twentytwo years, was raised in Audubon county, and makes his home at James Brown's. Jesse MillhoUen and his brother John are aged, respectively, about thirty-three and thirty years; both are married, and one of the MillhoUen family, who have lived in Cass or adjoin- ing counties for twenty or more years. Robert and George Van Winkle are two more, and Will Northgraves, son of the late Philip Northgraves, an old and re- spected citizen, is still another of the band. Carl Strahl does not live many miles away. The wild and riotous life which the young men herein named have been leading, began in a mild form of fights at elections, disturbing public meet- ings, disponing harness, removing ivory rings, etc., and then being accused of these things their passions were aroused for revenge toward their accusers. They are all the time having imaginary griev- ances for which they want to take revenge on everybody. There is a sort of spirit among them which causes them to take advantage of the peaceful disposition of others for the purpose of frightening and terrorizing. To have their ill-will for any cause is to endanger life. Many of their neighbors, if not all of them, keep shot_ ■^1 t ♦it HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 653 guns in tbeir houfles, loaded to the muz- zle, and carry shot-guns when they go away from home. James Brown, father of the 'Brown boys,' is a good man, and ought to have raised his sons to a better style of life — and the boys had better settle down while there is yet time. There is but one end to the career they they have started upon — and that is death. They may kill others first, but they will finally get sent to their long home with their boots on. Roll Strahl has already met his death. "Robert Van Winkle, George Van Winkle and Will Northgraves have left the country, being charged with the Bal- lard robbery, the job being planned by 'Old Knowlton,' who is always away on an 'excursion.'' It is reported that Carl Strahl has said that his son Roll was killed because he knew who committed the Bal- lard robbery; that Roll took the two Van Winkle boys and Will Northgraves to Des 'Moines about a week after the Ballard rob- bery, and that Roll came home driving a very fine pair of matched horses. The theory is that the robbers gave Roll the horses for driving them away. It is also reported that 'Old' Knowlton got three hundred dollars for planning the robbery. It is said that the quilt in which the Bal- lard papers were found in the road after the robbery, has been identified as having been used by one of the Van Winkle boys as a saddle blanket. John Anderson, of Exira, is also one of the same crowd. He is in jail, accused of burning hay belong- ing to a man by the name of Rogers, and of setting fire to a saloon in Bray ton. Del Anderson is a younger brother,and is also a bad citizen. "Whisky is the first assistant of all these semi-outlaws, and is always called to their aid when they want to raise a rumpus. "For the good of society, the security of life and property, this outlawry in north- east Cass and southeast Aububon should be suppressed, and suppressed with a whirl, even if desperate means should be required. Men who own farms and pay 'taxes fqr the support of the government are entitled to protection,and should have it. The question as to whether a number of 'young bloods' can trample down and terrorize three or four townships of people with impunity, should be settled in the negative, most emphatically. "James Brown and the other relatives and friends of the Brown boys, and others herein named, many of whom we know to be good men and good citizens, should use their influence toward restoring peace and order on Crooked and Troublesome creeks. They could do much if they would try." Owing to the sudden and violent ending several of this crowd came to, this vicinity is now ranked among the peaceable and law-abiding communities of this county. -3F 654 HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY.' CHAPTER XXV NOBLE TOWNSHIP. That sub-division of Cass county which | is known by the name of Noble township, lies in the south tier, the second from the west line of the county, and is bounded as follows: On the north by Bear Grove, on the east by Edna, on the west by Pleasant, and on the south by Montgom- ery county. It comprises all of congres- sional township 74 north, range 36 west. It is intersected by Seven-Mile creek, Three-Mile creek, and the Rose Branch of Seven-Mile. The West Branch of the Nodaway intersects the southeast corner of the township, entering from Edna at the southeast quarter of section 36, and passing into Montgomery county at the center of the south half of section 34. The Seven-Mile creek enters the township from the north, between sections 5 and 6, and follows the section lines with remark- able closeness till it passes into Montgom- ery county on the line between sections 31 and 32, The Rose Branch of Seven-Mile rises in the north part of the township about the center of the Second school dis- trict, and flows southward, inclining a little toward the west, till it passes out of the township and county from the south- east quarter of section 32. The Three- Mile creek comes into the township from Edna at the southeast corner of section 1, and flows southwestwardly till it has its confluence with the West Nodaway, on the west line of the southwest quarter of section 35. Besides these streams, the township is splendidly watered and drain- ed by numerous little rivulets, branches of the streams mentioned. Thus one of the great requisitas of a good locality for both grain cultivation and stock raising is supplied by nature. No railroad has as yet been built through this township, though the settlers find an easily accessible market for • their pro- ducts at stations but a short dis- tance from its borders, so that no incon- venience is felt on this account. The country is beautifully diversified, with its many streams large and small, its rolling farms and luxuriant meadows, while nu- merous artificial groves afford a pleasant contrast to the fields of grain and prairie grasses. The improvements are almost uniformly of a neat and substantial char- acter, giving strong evidence of the thrift and taste of the inhabitants of this garden spot. Besides the artificial groves, the streams are wooded along a good portion of their length in the township. ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH. On June 11, 1870, Noble township was set ofE from Edna. The election warrant was issued to T. G. Davis, and the elec- tion for purposes of organization was held -* ^l». HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 665 at school bouse No. ], in October, 18V0. At this election, township officers were chosen as follows: trustees, U. Daft, H. S. Liston, and William E. Buckley; clerk, E. J. Shields. Since that time, the growth of the township has been steady and rapid. In 1870 the population was three hundred and ninety-five; in 1875, it was five hun- dred and sixty-three; and in 1880, itlooms up with eight hundred and forty-five; since that time the progress has been equally favorable, and the new accessions have been of the better classes. BAELT SETTLEMENT. The first white man who made a settle- ment was John Rose, who settled in what is now a part of Noble township, in the year 1855, and was the pioneer settler of that locality. Mr. Rose met his death in a singular manner about the year 1857. On a cold day in that year he was in the Lewis flouring mill, wearing a shawl wrapped around his throat. The shawl caught in some of the mill gearing and Mr. Rose was drawn so tightly against the machinery that he was choked to death. Two of Mr. Rose's sons now live in Mont- gomery county. At one time, a petition was presented to the board of supervisors, asking the organization of what is now Noble township, proposing then to call it Rose township, but the prayer of the petitioners was not granted. Melton Smith was the second settler to locate in Noble township. He came in 1857, and took up a claim for the purpose of improvement. The next white man who came within the borders of what is now Noble town- ship with the intention of making a per- manent settlement, was Uriah Daft, Gathering up their household goods in Ripon, Wisconsin, the family started on their overland journey, and continuing in a southwestward course, inspecting the country as they went, brought up here on the 18th day of October, 1858. It was many miles to the nearest settlement, but the beauty of the country which met their view presented too strong a temptation to be resisted, and Mr. Daft determined to stop and build him a house. Accordingly he staked out a claim on section 28, and erected his cabin — the second house in the township. He maintained a good reputa- tion among his neighbors when the settle- ment commenced in earnest, until his death, which occurred Pecember 6, 1873. Thomas Davis, one of the pioneers of Noble township, first set foot on her land later in 1858. He took up a claim" on sec- tion 33, and built a cabin-home there. Thomas Davis was born in Pennsylva- nia, March 24, 1836. He was reared upon a farm. In 1858 he came to Cass county, and purchased eighty acres of land in the northeast quarter of section 83, town 73, range 36. In June 1560, he was married to Amanda J. West, a native of Indiana. In 1861, they started with an ox team for Colorado. Mrs. Davis drove the team while her husband drove some stock. They started May 4th, and arrived in Black Hawk City, late in June. He en- gaged in teaming there, one and .a half years, then returned to Noble township, and purchased land in the southeast quar- ter of section 28, where he improved a fine farm and resided until his decease, 41 .^1 9 ^ 656 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. September 6, 1883. Mrs. Davis still oc- cupies the homestead. She has eight chil- dren — Truman W., Perry A., Emile N., Eddie T., Emma C, and Matilda L. James Edwards came late in 1859, but did not buy land. In 1860 he removed to Union township. Evan J. Shields came in May, ^ 864, and took up a homestead on the north half of the northeast quarter of section 32, which place has since been his home. E. J. Shields, one of the prominent men of Noble township, was born in Butler county, Ohio, on the 28th of January, 1828, and there grew to manhood. In 1852 he moved to California, and there spent three years in mining and lumber- ing. On his return he settled in Butler county, Ohio, and there lived until 1856, when he emigrated to Iowa, and settled in Delaware county, where he was en- gaged -in farming and in clerking in a store until 1864, when he came to Cass county, and took a homestead on section 32, Noble township, where he has since resided. In 1855 he was married to Sarah Jenkins, who was born in 1834. They have been blessed with six children, five of whom are now living — Harry M.,Luela, Charles; D., Everett J., Walter, died in infancy, and Florence J. Mrs. Shields died in May, 1874, leaving her lonely hus- band and children to battle alone with the world. Mr. Shields has held several offices of trust, and was elected county supervisor in 1868, and was the first town- ship clerk of Noble township. He was also elected supervisor in 1875, and had the honor of naming Noble township. J. C. Davis came to the township in 1867, and made his home for a time with his brother, Thomas G. Davis. In 1870 he bought land on section 33, where he now resides. J. C. Davis has been a resident of Noble township, since 1867. He was born in Venango county, Pennsylvania, August 23, 1845. His parents were William and Mary Davis. He remained with his par- ents in his native county until the time when he came to Cass county. On his arrival here, he stopped with his brether, Thomas G. Davis, for a time. He was married October J, 1873, to Rachel Dujar- din, a native of France. She died in 1878, leaving one child — Emma R. He was married in December, 1878, to Sarah A. McCue, who was born in Pennsyl- vania. By this union there are three chil- dren — Silas C, Alma P. and Jennie A. Mr. Davis bought land in 1870, on section 33. It was at- that time unimproved, but is now in a good state of cultivation. Robert B. Newlon bought one hundred and sixty-eight acres of land on section 1, Noble township, in 1868, and settled on it in the spring of 1869. Robert B. Newlon came to this county in 1869, and bought one hundred and sixty-eight acres of land on section 1, township 14, range 36, now known as Noble. He settled on the place the fol- lowing spring. He is a native of In- diana, born in Washington county. May 10, 1838. His parents were Smithsonand Nancy (Wilson) Newlon. The former was a native of Virginia, and the latter of North Carolina. When Robert was one year old, they removed to Edgar county, Illinois, where he grew to man- hood and received bis education in the public schools. He was reared a farmer. »♦; ¥ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 657 In 1853 he went overland to California, being six months on the way. He en- gaged in livery business at Viaseta, one and one-half years, then worked at mining until 1856, when he returned home, via Nicaraugua. He engaged in the drug busi- ness at Dallas City, Hancock county, Illi- nois, continuing there until April, 1861, when he enlisted for three months. In May he re-enlisted for three years in company I, of the Sixteenth Illinois Infantry, and served until the expiration of his term of enlistment. He took part in the battles of New Madrid, siege of Corinth, Stone River, Lookout Mountain and others. He was wounded in a skirmish before Nash- ville. He was honorably discharged at tjhattanooga, and returned to Dallas, Hancock county, where he remained until 1869. He was married in that year to Mary E. Bright, a native of Vermillion county, Indiana. They have ten chil- dren — Nettie, Sarah, Leander B., Alta, Be- bee, Hiram, Ella, Emma, May and Oliver. Mr. Newlon was one of the men who assisted in the organization of the Repub- lican party in Hancock county, Illinois, and was intimately acquainted with Abra- ham Lincoln. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Robert Miller came to Cass county in 1875 and bought eighty acres of land on section 29, Noble township. He im- proved the land, planting an orchard and vineyard, which are now thriving, the latter producing abundantly. He was born in Pennsylvania, May 15, 1817, and when quite young his parents settled in Alleghany county. When Robert was sixteen years of age they moved to Mer- cer county. He remained at home until twenty-one, when he started for himself. He followed common farm work until twenty-five, when he bought and paid for one hundred acres of land in Mercer county. He then learned the carpenter and cabinet maker's trade and soon started a cabinet shop. He next sold his shop, going to the city of Alleghany, where he resumed the same business. He was mar- ried on the 10th of August, 1847, to Matilda Gillaspey, a native of Westmore- land county, Pennsylvania. Of this union there are five children — Arlinden C, Josiah E., Julia A., Mary J. and Wil- liam J. Arlinden C." Miller, son of Robert Mil- ler, was born in Butler county, Pennsyl- vania, on the 28th of June, 1849. He was reared on a farm and educated in the district schools, until nineteen years of age, when he went to the oil regions and learned the carpenter trade, remaining there two years. He then went to Mer- cer county and worked at his trade until 1872, when he removed to Montgomery county, Iowa, and there worked at his trade. In 1874 he purchased eighty acres of land in Noble township, Cass county. In 1880 he went to the mountains, and traveled through Wyoming, Utah and Idaho, being absent about eight months. In 1883 he sold to his brother, Josiah E., and purchased another eighty in the same township, where he now resides. In 1883 he was married to Margaret J. Ingraham, a native of New York State. Josiah E. Miller, second son of 'Robert Miller, was born in Butler county, Penn- sylvania, on the 18th of August, 1854. When but one year old bis parents moved to Mercer county, where he grew to man- J^. -i*— s* 1^ 658 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. hood and made his home until 1875, when he came to Cass county, Iowa, and worked in company with his father until 1883, when he purchased his brother's farm, now one of the best in the township. In connection with his farm he runs a cane mill, which produces annually about two thousand five hundred gallons of syrup. He was married on the 11th of Septem- ber, 1883, to Jennie E. Saunders, a native of New York. J. B. Hall is a native of New York, born in Chautauqua county, in 1830. He is a son of David and Ann Hall, natives of New Jersey and early settlers of his native county. David Hall purchased of the Holland company timber laud in that county, improved a farm and resided there until his decease. J. B. Hall grew to manhood in his native county, where he was brought up on a farm. He ob- tained his education in the public schools. In 1854 he came to Iowa, locating in Johnson county, where he rented land for a time. In 1860 he bought land in Penn township, built a house and lived there three years, then traded for a larger farm in Madison township, where he remained until 1870. He then sold and bought three hundred and twenty acres of unim- proved land in section 7, of Noble town- ship, Cass county. He remained a resi- dent of Johnson county until 1872, then removed to his farm in this county, which is now nearly all improved and fenced. He was married in 1857 to Eliza Alt, a native of Clark county, Ohio. Four chil- dren have been born to them — Reuben, Clement, Ollie and Alice. Mr. Hall has held offices of trust in the township and is at present a member of the board of trustees. Robert Davis settled upon the farm he now occupies on section 33, Noble town- ship, in 1878. He is a native of Pennsyl- vania, born October 12, 1847. He grew to manhood in Venango county, was brought up on a farm and educated in the public schools. He was married in 1872, to Martha Bartley, and they settled in Butler county, where they remained until coming here. They have five children — William, Elmer, Mary, Cora and Ida. John Tanner was born in Switzerland, on the 2d of March, 1842. In 1865 he came to America, and located in Hancock county, where he was engaged in farming until 1873, when he came to Cass county, Iowa, and located in Noble township. He rented a farm until 1876, when he pur- chased land on section 13, which was at that time a wild prairie, and in the course of a few years bad one of the finest farms in the township. Mr. Tanner was mar- ried, in 1877, to Catharine Hinnieschiedt, a native of Pennsylvania. They have been blessed with four children — Anna Elizabeth, Annie Mary, John Philip and Caroline. Charles Bibb came to Cass county in March, 1874. He purchased, at that time, unimproved land in the northwest quarter of section 25. He now has a. desirable place with good improvements. He was born in West Virginia, March 7, 1853, and was two years old when his parents emigrated to Iowa. They stopped one year in Scott county, then moved to Mar- shall county, where they were pioneers, and bought land, making their home there until Charlie was fifteen years old. They rv- ^ s ■ ' •^' •■""•"• ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 659 then moved to Pike county, Missouri. He lived with his parents until twenty years of age. He still remained in Pike county one year, then came to Cass county. He was married, in 1881, to Louisa Anderson, a native of Pike county, Missouri. They have two children — Jessie and Mabel. Mr. and Mrs. Bibb are members of the Bap- tist church. S. H, Tucker is a resident of section 11, Noble township, where he has improved and. fenced his land, and has erected a fraine house, which is of great beauty to his place. He was born in Tippecanoe county, Indiana, on the 25th of March, 1835, and is the son of Mason and Lou A. (Huff) Tucker. His father was a na- tive of Ohio, and his mother a native of Kentucky. In 1842, the family came to Iowa, and settled in Des Moines county, where S. H. grew to manhood. In 1860, he returned to Tippecanoe county, and there enlisted in company G, Fortieth In- diana Infantry, and served until 1866, during which time he participated in sev- eral of the principal battles of the army. After his discharge he settled in Des Moines county, and there remained until ISVa, when he came to Cass county. Mr. Tucker was married, in 18V1, to Rebecca W. Kirby, of Ohio. Three children have been born to them — Cora, Ella and Ida. Rev. George Youngblood is a native of Caanda, and was born on the 22d of Febru- ary, 1842. When about fifteen years of age he moved with his parents to Grey county, and there grew to manhood. He there received his education, and prepared himself for the ministry. In 1864 he came •to the United States, locating in Michi- gan, and in April, 1865, he enlisted in the Twenty-second Michigan Infantry, and served until the close of the war. After his discharge he came to Iowa, and settled at Des Moines, where he remained until 1868, when he commenced preaching in Madison county, and being there about one year, he was appointed to the charge at Grand View, Louisa county, and there remained one year. lie has since preached at Clermont, Abbott, New Hampton, Floyd Valley, Fort Dodge, Muscatine, and several other smaller places. In May, 1883, Mr. Youngblood came to Noble township, Cass county, and has since been a resident of this township. He was married, in 1870, to Sarah Byerts, a na- tive of Pennsylvania. They have been blessed with five children — George F., Susie M., Mattie I., Myrtle B. and an in- fant. Levi Mountain came to Cass county in 1869, and purchased two hundred and eighty acres of land on sections ] and 2, Noble township. He and his brother were at first in partnership, but his broth- er soon sold the land and Levi has since, remained there. His farm now contains two hundred acres of improved land, and an orchard of one hundred and fifty trees in bearing condition. He was born in Somerset county, Pennsylvania, on the 10th of June, 1843, and there grew to manhood, and received his education in the public schools, and when nineteen years old began teaching. He enlisted in company K, Sixth Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, in 1864, and served until the close of the war. He then returned home, and taught school during the winter, and in the spring began farming. In 1867 he came to Muscatine county, Iowa, and j-g. ■^ ->^ 660 HISTORY OF OASS COUNTY. mained there about two years, when be came to Cass county. Mr. Mountain was married in 1871, to Abbie Herrington, also a native of Pennsylvania. Their union has been blessed by four children — Alice, Albert, Myrtle and Minnie. Mr. and Mrs. Mountain are members of the Christian church. Austin H. Smith, on section 85, came here in 18V1 and bought two hundred and fifty acres of land. At the time of his purchase there was a small frame house upon the place and sixty acres broken. He has since enlarged the house and built a large frame barn. He has all the land improved and is engaged in raising graded stock. He is a native of Ohio, born in Green county, March 28, 1823. When he was two years of age, his parents removed to Gelana, Illinois, where his father en- gaged in mining lead. They lived in Galena and vicinity until 1828, then mov- ed to Missouri and remained two years. Then they moved to Quincy, Illinois, where they lived until the spring of 1833, when they returned to Galena. The fol- lowing July they moved to Dubuque, then in the Northwestern Territory. In 1838, his father entered government land, six miles from the city, to which he re- moved his family. There the subject of this sketch grew to manhood. • He was married January 26, 1847, to Maryette Estabrook, a native of Essex county, New York, After his marriage he settled upon the homestead, and remained till 1851, when he traded for land in the western part of the county, to which they removed. The following year (1852) he went to California, going overland with a pack horse, and was on the road seventy-four days. He worked at mining in different parts of the State, remaining there two years, then returned home, and resumed farming. In 1860 he -went to Pike's Peak and spent a few months in mining, return- ed and remained until 1864, when he again ' started for the mines, going this time to Montana. After an absence of one and a half years he returned to Dubuque coun- ty, where he remained until 1871. Mr.' and Mrs. Smith have had eleven children — Ambrose C, Harriet A., Francis V., Mary Florence, Laura A., James A., Eliza A., Nancy M., George A , Margaret A., and Clara Bell. Clara Belle was born Janu- ary 20, 1869, and died July 31, 1870. William Jarvis was a soldier in the Union army. He enlisted August 15, 1862, in company B, Twenty-third Wis- consin Volunteer Infantry, went south and participated in the battle with Kirby Smith, also with Morgan's forces in Ken- tucky, and was in thickest of the fight in many Other engagements. He was dis- charged in the spring of 1863 on account of disability, the result of a wound receiv- ed at Arkansas Post. In August, 1864, he re-enlisted in company E, of the Forty- third Wisconsin and served until July, 1865. After his discharge from the ser- vice, he returned to his home in Lafay- ette county, Wisconsin. He is a native of Pennsylvannia, born April ^5, 1830, where he grew to manhood, and received his education in the public schools. At the age of eighteen he engaged with a carpenter and joiner to learn the trade and served two years, then went to Fair- mount, Pennsylvania, and worked under iostructions one year, then went to work in a cotton factory for an uncle and re- •^i ipr Ml HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 661 mained in his employ until 1856. He then moved to Lafayette county, Wiscon- sin and farmed rented land for a time, then purchased a farm in company with H. B. Commings, in Kendalltown, La- fayette county, where he remained until 18V5, when he came to Cass county, Iowa and bought a farm in sections 31 and 32 of Noble township where he now lives. He was married in 1851 to Mary Jones. They have seven children— Elizabeth, Mary J., William H., Viola, JohnR, Clara and Frank G. John Larry came to Cass county in June, 18'70, locating in Noble township. The first two years he rented land. In 1872 he purchased wild land in section 30, and immediately commenced improvements. He now has one hundred and twenty acres under a good state of cultivation. He was born in Ireland in April, 1832. When he was but three months old his parents emigrated to America and settled in La Salle county, Illinois. When five years old his parents died, and John then found a home with Samuel Milliken in Rutland township of that county. Moved by a love for his adopted country, he enlisted at the first call for troops in the war of the rebellion in the Tenth Illinois Vol- unteer Infantry, and served until the ex- piration of his term of service. In No- vember, 1861, he re-enlisted in the Three Hundred and Fifty-third Illinois for three years. He veteranized in January, 1864, and served until July, 1865, when he en- gaged in farming in LaSalle county. He was married in September, 1865, to Miss Gochanour, who was born in Ohio. They have ten children — George, Edwin, Lucy, Frank, Anrie, James, Orilla, John, Clara Bell and Willie. Charles A. Hully came to Cass county in 1872, and bought land on section 31, Noble township. He is a native of Vigo county, Indiana, and was bofn on the 18th of November, 1838. His parents were both natives of Germany, but came to America before their marriage. When Charles was about eight years old his pa- rents came to Missouri and settled in St. Louis county, and remaining there about six years, they moved to DesMoines county, Iowa, where he enlisted August 9, 1862, in company C, Thirtieth Iowa In- fantry. He served about three years, and was discharged on account of disability. He returned to DesMoines county and farmed until 1872, when he came to Cass county. He now owns three hundred and thirty acres of improved land, has built a nice frame building and is engaged in dairy and stock raising. Mr. Hully was married on the 8th of March, 1860, to Elizabeth Zion, a native of Iowa. They have been blessed with eight children — William J., Edwin D., John B., Mary, Henry, Clara, Walter and Charlie. Mrs. Hully died on the 25th of March, 1881, and her death was greatly mourned by all who knew her. Mr. H. was again mar- ried June 14, 1882, to Ophelia Bennett, the widow of Edward P. Bennett. Her maiden name was Selby. She was a na- tive of Knox county, Ohio. By her first marriage she had three children— John and Hettie, (twins) and Edward. Mr. and Mrs. Hully are the happy parents of one child, a sunny, winsome girl, whose name is Maud M. r "TQ JA 662 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. J. I. Pritchard was born in West Vir- ginia, on November 25, 1829. He was reared on a farm. His lather being a blacksmitb as well as farmer, J. I. worked in shop and on farm until nineteen years of age, then went into the mercantile business in Clarksburg. Working at that trade about ten years, his store and stock were burned, and he then purchased an interest in a steam saw mill, which he re- tained until ISeT, when he sold out and came west, locating in Lafayette county, Wisconsin, and was there engaged in farming and blacksmithing until 1810, when he came to Iowa, spending the win- ter in Montgomery county. In 1872 he came to Cass county and settled in Noble township, purchased one hundred and twenty acred on sections 29 and 30, and has improved and is now living on same. He was married in 1870 to Felicia Selby. She was born in Knox county, Ohio, but was reai'ed and educated in Wisconsin. She has taught twenty-eight terms of school in Wisconsin and Iowa. Thomas C. Evans settled in Noble township, October 1, 1871. He had pre- viously purchased the southeast quarter of section 25, upon which was a log house and a few acres broken. He now has the land all improved, and has erected a good frame house, planted a grove, and ' set out a great variety of fruit trees. He now owns two hundred and ninety acres, all improved except ten acres of timber. Mr. Evans was born in Chester county, Penn- sylvania, January 17, 1833. When he was thirteen years old, his parents moved to Wisconsin, and settled in Lafayette county, where they were early settlers. His father entered land in Kendall town- ship. Thomas E. remained with his par- ents until his marriage, in 1856, to Ann Maria Olmstead, a native of New York. He then bought land in Belmont town- ship, and improved a farm. In 1859 he went to Colorado, passing through Cass county on the way. He stopped only a short time in Colorado, and went on to California, making the whole trip over- land with an ox team. He remained in California until January, 1863, and then returned home. In 1866 he went to Helena, Montana, where he was employed in a quartz mill, and remained two years, after which he returned to his home. The following year he went back to Montana. He went to Salt Lake valley in the first railway passenger coach that ever entered the valley. He returned from Montana the second time in 1871, and soon after came to this county. Mr. and Mrs. Evans have six children, Frank E., Edith M., Fred. L., Maggie A., Charles N. and Jen- nie M. Nelson Read was born in Burlington county. New .Jersey, February 1, 1815. When fourteen years old he, in company with his mother and an elder brother and others, emigrated to Ohio, going over- land. His father remained in New Jersey to close up his business, and died there soon after. The family settled in Cincin- nati, which was then a town of some fif- teen or twenty thousand population, and remained there a little more than a year. They then went to Warren county, where Nelson grew to manhood. In 1832 he engaged as clerk in a store in Franklin, continuing there until August, 1839. He then engaged in farming in Montgomery county, and remained there and in Darke *^ r|. Jl 'liL HISTOEY OF CASS COUNTY. 663 county until 1855. In 1854 he visited Iowa with a party prospecting for a loca- tion. In 1855 he left Darke county, accompanied by his family, and came to Jasper county, Iowa, driving the entire distance with a pair of horses and wagon. They were on the road from May 10 to June 14. lie settled on government land, which he improved and lived upon till 1881, when he sold out and removed to Cass county. He purchased an improved farm on section 25, Noble township, which is now his home. He was married Jan- uary 12, 1837, to Sarah M.Johnson. She was born in Warren county, Ohio, April 1, 1818. Eleven children were born to them, eight of whom are living — William T., John H., Rebecca H., Julia A., Sarah J.. Ellen E., Amanda J. and James A. William T. Read came to Noble town- ship in June, 1873, at which date he bought unimproved land on section 24. He removed to this place September 26, of that year. He now has the land im- proved and fenced, and has erected good substantial buildings, planted trees, and otherwise improved the place. He has purchased more land, and now owns two hundred and forty acres. He was born in Warren county, Ohio, on the 19th day of April, 1838, and is a son of Nelson and Sarah (Johnson) Read. He re- sided with his parents in Ohio until 1855. In that year they removed to Iowa and settled in Jasper county, where he remain- ed with them until twenty-one years old. He then went to Le Grand in Marshall county, and was there employed in teach- ing. He had previously attended four terms at Iowa college at Grinnell. He was married in Marshall county, in 1860, to Josephine Bibb, a native of Amherst county, Virginia. He bought land in Le Grand township and engaged in farm- ing, also taught school. In 1866 he sold his land in that county and bought a quar- ter section in Hickory Grove township, Jasper county. In 1872 he sold and went to Missouri where he spent one year, then came to Cass county, after spending the summer in Marshall county, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Read have eight children — Charles Edward, William Harvey, Byron J., Anna^L., Arthur, Nellie, Edith and Ho ward. William Smith is a native of Greene county, Indiana, having been born in Feb- ruary, 1837, and is the son of Stafford and Nancy Ann Smith, both natives of Vir- ginia. He moved with his parents to Ed- inburg, when quite young, where his father died, leaving a wife and nine chil- dren. William then moved with his moth- er to Kendall county, Illinois, where he remained two years, when he came to Mad- ison county, Iowa, and located at Winter- set, in 1849. He left home when twenty- one years of age, and went to Andrew county, Missouri, where he was married in October, 1859, to Margaret Jane Davi- son. He remained in Missouri until 1861, when he bade his friends good-bye, and joined the Confederate army leaving many sad loved ones behind. He was in the siege of Vick^burg, and many of the hard fought battles. He received three wounds, but recovered from each without much diffi- culty, and again took his place on the bat- tle-field. He was iihprisoned about six months, and when released, he returned to his family, who were then living in Missouri. Soon after his return, his wife •7^. r -« s liL 664 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. and infant died, leaving him alone in the world with his little daughter, Mary Ellen, at that time about four years of age. He came to Cass county, Iowa, in 1866, and moved to Edna Grove, and improved three farms, two in Edna township and one in Noble township, the latter upon which he lives. He first built a log cabin, and lived there about a year, when he replaced his rude dwelling with a fine house, in which he now resides. In 1867,he was married to Martha A. Keith, who died in 1875, leav- ing three children — George W.. James W., and Martha A. In 1880 he was again married to Elizabeth Keith, by whom he has had one child — Louisa. Thomas Ely, was born in Lincolnshire, England, on the 16th of April, 1851. He is the son of Benjamin and Ruth (Atkin- son) Ely, and when four years of age he moved to America, and located in Wis- consin, and there grew to manhood. He remained at home until 1871, when he came to Cass county, Iowa, and settled in Noble township. In 1873 he purchased forty acres of good land on section 28, and one year later he purchased eighty acres of the adjoining land. He now has his farm nicely cultivated, and has built a commodious house. Mr. Ely was married on the 15th of September, 1878, to Grace V. Christopher,who was born July 2, 1853, in La Salle county, Illinois. Her father, J. M. Christopher was a native of North Carolina, and her mother, E. J. Christo- pher, a native of Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Ely have had three children — Lizzie M., Cook A., and Beulah. John L. Smith is a native of Indiana, born in Dearborn county, February 8, 1837. When he was nine years old his parents moved to Canada and settled in Kings county, where they lived eight years, then moved to Winnebago county, Illinois. The subject of this sketch went to De Witt county and engaged in farm- ing one year, thence to Clay county, Iowa. Two years later he returned to Winnebago county, and carried on his father's farm until 1870, when he came to Cass county, and bought land in section 22, of Edna township, where he lived until later, when he sold out and removed to Noble township, purchasing land in section 26. Mr. Smith was married in 1863, to Henri- etta Whitman. Nine children have been born to them. Mr. Smith's farm contains two hundred acres of well improved land. GERMAN SBTTtEMENT. The first German settlers of Noble township were Joseph Weirich, Henry Ackerman and Henry Schwarzenbach, with their families. They came from Illi- nois in the fall of 1869, journeying over- land, their household goods packed in their wagons. Henry Schwarzenbach took up his resi- dence on the northeast quarter of section 8, where he lived a few years, and then removed to Shelby county. Joseph Weirich settled on the northeast quarter of section 15, and resided there till September, 1884, when he removed to Griswold. Joseph Weirich, the first German set- tler in Noble township, was born in the Province of Bavaria, Germany, March 29, 1821. He attended school from the age of six to fourteen years. At the age of fifteen he began mining. He was united in marriage, October 31, 1844, with Eliza- beth Boher, also a native of Bavaria. He -T— .ri iV ^t a »i^ HISTORr OF CASS COUNTY. 665 continued mining in bis native country until 1846, when, accompanied by his wife, he emigrated to America, landing in New York June lltb, of that year. Tliey re- mained iu that city with friends, one year, then went to Scbuykill county, Pennsylvania, where be found employ- ment in the coal mines and lived there four years, then removed to Columbia county, of the same State, and there en- gaged in mining some years, when he re- moved to Illinois, and settled in Eagle township, La Salle county, where he, hav- ing but little money, bought land on lime. He commenced building a log house, but before its completion, be was taken sick, and the family lived in it for one and a half years without a roof. When he finally regained his health, he purchased coal in the ground, paying for the same one cent per bushel, and engaged in min- ing. In war times coal was high and he made, with tiie assistance of his boys, from four to twenty-five dollars per day, thus accumulating money rapidly, enabling him to pay off the mortgage on his farm. His sons had carried on the farm while he was engaged in mining. They lived there a few years, when they sold the farm and bought another in Otter Creek township. At this time, on account of failing health, he abandoned mining and lived with his family on the farm. In 1869, he sold his place and come to Cass county. He pur- chased two hundred acres of unimproved land on section 15, township 14 north, 36 west, now known as Noble. The country about here was then unbroken prairie, with no houses or groves in sight. He at first built a small frame house, which he soon after enlarged, built a barn and planted a grove, making this his home until September, 1884, when he removed to Griswold, where he bought a house and lot and is now living in prosperity and comfort, reaping the reward of his past andu8try,surrounded by those things which make life desirable, and in the enjoyment of the confidence and esteem of his fellovy men. His success in life is an example to young men, of what may be accomplished by honesty, industry and perseverance. Mr. and Mrs. Weirich have six children living — V. Joseph, George, Henry, Frank, John and Peter. Henry Ackerman paid $6 per acre for 160 acres in section '27, in the fall of 1869 and removed to the place from Atlantic, January 1, 1870. Henry Ackerman was born July 20, 1839 in Germany. He received his edu- cation in his native country, and when sixteen years old came to America, bor- rowed from his brother to pay his pass- age. He located in LaSalle county, Illi- nois, where be engaged in farming. The first year he earned eighty-six dollars, with which he paid the sum borrowed from his brother. The second year he earned one hundred dollars. He enlisted in August, 1862, in company F, of the One Hundred and Fourth Illinois Infantry, and served until the close of the war. He was discharged with the regi- ment, at Chicago, in June, 1865. He participated in many important battles, and was severely wounded at Huntsville, Alabama, in consequence of which he was disabled for eleven months. He then joined the regiment at Chattanooga, and started with Sherman's army for the sea. He was soon after taken sick and sent to r Sn^ 666. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. the hospital for a short time. He joined his command at Kenesaw Mountain, and proceeded with Sherman's army to the sea and through the Carolinas to Wash- ington, taking part in the battles of that memorable campaign. He was present at the grand review at Washington. After his discharge he resumed farming in La- Salle county, where he purchased eighty acres, of land located in Otter creek town- ship. In 1869 he sold his land there, and came to Cass county, Iowa, in November that year. He stopped in Atlantic until January 1, IS'iO, then moved to the place where he now lives. He purchased at that time, one hundred and .sixty acres of wild land in section 21, Noble township, for which he paid six dollars per acre. He has built a good frame house, and planted a grove and fruit orchard. In 1883 he built a barn 62x20 feet, having a stone basement. He has added to his original purchase and now owns four hun- dred and forty acres, all improved land. He is largely engaged in stock raising. He was married in 1862, to Candaee Mc- Kernan, who was born inLaSalle county, Illinois. They have eight children : El- mer H., Ellsworth P., Amanda M., James F., Samuel L., Charles, Maud and Wil- liam B. V. J. Weirich, came with his parents in 1869, and received from his father a farm on section 15, in 1870. V.J. Weirich, a son of Joseph and Elizabeth Weirich, was born in New York, on the 16th of Octo- ber, 1846, and when quite young his par- ents moved to Pennsylvania, and remain- ing there a short time, they moved to Illi- nois, and settled in La Salle county. He made his home with his parents until 1869, when he came to Cass county, Iowa, and improved forty acres of land on sec- tion 15, Noble township. V. J. was mar- ried in 1870, to Miss Caroline Knoke, by whom he has had four children — George Edward, Albert, Emma and Bessie. In 1884 Mr. Weirich sold forty acres of land which his father gave him, and purchased his pleasant farm on which he now lives. John Weirich also came with his par- ents, in 1869. John Weirich, a son of Joseph and Elizabeth Weirich, of Noble township, was born in Eagle township, LaSalle county, Illinois on the 20th day of January, 1859. He lived on a farm in that county, and attended school in the district school, until ten years of age, when he came to Noble township, and was here educated and reared to manhood. He has always been engaged in farming, and being greatly adapted for that occu- pation, he has learned no trade, but is probably one of the best farmers in the township. In 1884 he purchased a farm of his brother, on the northwest quarter of section 11. He has improved the land and is intending to have a fine farm and numerous head of stock. He still makes his home with his parents, who are among the pioneers of this township. Henson S. Liston came to Noble town- ship in 1869, and took up eighty acres of wild land on section 1, which he has im- proved and still retains. Henson S. Liston settled in Cass county in October, 1869, at which time he bought eighty acres of wild land on section 1, Noble township. He has erected good substantial buildings, including house, cattle barn, horse stable, granary and corn-crib, planted an orchard of three bun- — - =F=^ r ® V. 4 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 667 dred trees, also small fruits and a grove of four acres of forest trees, of different varieties, maple, Cottonwood, catalpa, mulberry, ash, elm and linn. Mr. Liston is a native of West Virginia, born in Preston county, December 10, 1838. His parents were John and Nancy (Smith) Liston, natives of West Virginia. The subject of this sketch was reared to agri- cultural pursuits. He enlisted in the Union army, June 28, 1861, in company H, of the Third West Virginia Volunteer Infantry, and was in the service until August, 1864. This regiment was re-or- ganized in 1863, and called the Sixth West Virginia Cavalry. He participated in the following battles: Roraney, Win- chester, Cross Keys, Cedar Mountain, White Sulphur Springs and Droop Moun- tain. He was with General Seigel on tlie Rappahannock river, where he was en- gaged in battle nineteen days. He took part in the second battle of Bull Run and many others. He was married in 1864, to Candace Pringey. She was born in Som- erset county, Pennsylvania, and is a daughter of Joseph and Margaret Prin- gey. After his marriage, Mr. Liston pur- chased the old homestead of his wife's parents and lived there until 18G1. He then sold out and came to Iowa. He set- tled in Muscatine county, where he re- mained until the fall of 1869, when he came to Cass county, as previously stated. Mr. and Mrs. Liston have eight children — Joseph B., Amelia J., Pramjis M., John, Ray S., Charlie R., Luru M. and Blanche A. Mr. Liston's farm contains two hun- dred and forty acres, all improved. Herman Pringey is a settler, of 1869. He made his home on section 2, which I was then wild prairie, where he still resides. Herman Pringey came here in 1869, and bought eighty acres of land in the southeast quarter of section 2, Noble township. He has since erected good buildings, planted fruit, shade and orna- mental trees, and otherwise improved the place. He was born in Somerset county, Pennsylvania, March 17, 1842. He is a son of Joseph and Margaret Pringey, natives of Pennsylvania. When he was four years old, his parents moved to Vir- ginia, (now West Virginia,) and settled in Preston county, where he. grew to man- hood, being reared upon a farm. June 28, 1861, he enlisted in the Union array, in company H, of the Third West Vir- ginia Infantry, and served until August, 1864. This regiment was re-organized and afterwards known as the Sixth West Virginia Cavalry. He participated in the following battles: Romney, Winchester, Cross Keys, Cedar Mountain, White Sul- phur Springs, Droop Mountain and second battle of Bull Run. He was with Siegel on the Rappahannock campaign, where they were in battle the greater part of the time for nineteen days. He re-enlisted in February, 1865, and was discharged with the regiment. He returned home and resumed farming. In 1866 he came to Iowa, and lived in Muscatine county until he came to Cass, in 1869. Mr. Pringey was married December 23, 1869, to Sarah Kirby,a native of Morgan county, Ohio. They have five children— Orie, Charlie, Frederick, Emma E. and Carrie Belle. John Pringey came in the same year, and also located on section 1, where he 4> y aTj: 668 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. bought eighty acres of wild land. He was born in Somerset county, Pennsylvania, in 1844. His parents removed to West Virginia in 1847. Hei-e he grew to man- hood, and in August, 1862, enlisted in company D, Fourteenth West Virginia Infantry, serving until July, 1865, when he returned home. In 1869 he came to this county, where he has since resided. He was married, in 18'73, to Anna C. Green. They have two children— Alvin and Maude. Mrs. Pringey died March 2, 1881, aged thirty-one years. In March, 1882, he was married again, to Esther L. Lewis. Levi and N. W. Mountain purchased land in sections 1 and 2, in 1869, and took up their residence on it. N. W. sold out his interest in the-land in 1872, and went away, but Levi still remains. John Westfall came in 1869, and took up land in sections 29 and 30. He was born in Pike county, Pennsylvania, May 19, 1813. In 1827 he went to Alle- gheny county. New York. In 1833 he went to Olean Point. He stayed there some time, and then came west, spending considerable time in Des Moines county, Iowa, before coming to this county. He was married, in 1833, to Hannah Bodine. They have three children living — David H., Charles H. and James O. Mrs. West- fall died in 1864. Lewis Pray came to Noble township in 1869, but did not buy land until the spring of 1870, when he purchased one hundred and twenty acres in sections 2 and 3. He was born in Ohio, in 1846. When he was eight years of age his pa- rents removed to Preble county, Ohio, and in 1857 removed to Muscatine county. Iowa. He enlisted, in the fall of 1862, in company D, Thirty-fiflh Iowa, in which he served until the close of the war, when he was discharged at Davenport. After his return from the war, he lived in Mus- catine county until 1866, when he came to Cass county. He was married, in 1866, to Diana Pringey, daughter of Jonathan Pringey. They have two children — Net- tie and Lyman. Henry Pelzer came to Cass county and entered land on section 9, Noble town- ship, in the fall of 1869, and located on it in 1870. He was born in Germany in 1841. In 1842, his parents came to Amer- ica, locating in Erie county, New York, In 1857, he removed to DuPage county, Illinois, where he remained four years, and then farmed in Morgan and Bureau counties until removing to this county, in 1870. He was married, in 1870, to Sophia Wohlenhaupt. They have seven children- - George William, Caroline, Emma, Frank, Lewis, Emil and May. One of the early German settlers was Gustav Rothe, who came in February, 1870, and located on section 15, where he has since made his home. Gustav Rothe was 'the fourth German settler in Noble township, coming here in February, 1870. He bought the southwest quarter of section 15, unimproved land. He now has a good frame dwelling, stables, a grove and orchard. He has, also, a hedge of willow and Osage orange entirely around his farm. He was born in Germany, March 10, 1840. He attended school from the age Of five to fourteen years. He then learned the blacksmith trade. In 1866, he came to America, and located in Chicago, where he worked at' "^^ k^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 669 his trade. There he attended school, for the purpose of acquiring the language. He remained in Chicago until he came to this county, since which he has heen en- gaged in farming the greater part of the time. He was married in September, ] 872, to Ellen Keith. They have five children living — Augusta, Harmon, An- drew, Bertha and Fred. William Lindemann came in March, 1870, and bought eighty acres on section 11. He removed on to it the following May, and lived there till 1873, when he sold the place and bought two hundred and five acres of wild land on section 5, where he no^v resides. He was born in Hesse-Cassel, in 1846, and his parents came to America in 1853. He lived in Pennsylvania from that time until coming here. He was married in 1867, to Cath- erine Gerlach. They have seven children. Christopher Muller can. e in April, 1870, and bought the northwest quarter of sec- tion 15, where he still resides. Christopher Miiller came to Cass county in April, 18 70, and settled in Noble township, where he purchased a ti'act of wild land on section 15, but has since im- proved the land and planted a fine variety of grove and fruit trees. He has also built a frame house of considerable size, and has one of the finest stock barns in the township. He was born in Germany, on the 24th of January, 1817, and was reared on a farm until 1843, when he was engaged in the lumber business. In 1869 he came to the United States and located in DnPage county, Illinois, until the spring of 1870, when he came to Cass county as before given. He was married in 1843 to Anna Liihring, and by their union they have four children — Henry, Dorethe, H. Christopher and William. H. Christopher, the son of Christopher and Anna Muller, was born in Germany on the 26th day of January, 1852, and was educated in the schools of that country until fourteen years of age. and when sev- enteen years of age came to America and located in Illinois until 1872, when he came to Cass county, and has since been engaged in farming and stock-raising in Noble township. Mr. Muller was mar- ried in 1883 to- Catharine Gorlach. They have one child — Walter. Henry Miiller came to Cass county in 1870, and he and his father bought wild land in section 15. This he improved, and in 1875 bought the farm on which he now resides on section 22. He now has good improvements, including substiantial frame buildings, grove and fruit trees, with the land all under cultivation. Mr. Miiller was born in Germany March 31, 1846. He attended school in his native country until fourteen years old, then en- gaged in farming three years, after which he served three years with a carpenter to learn the trade. In 1855 he came to America, lauded at New York and went to DuPage county, Illinois, where he worked at his trade until 1870, when, as before stated, he came to Cass county. He was married in 1876 to Lizzie Ham- pel, a native of Pennsylvania. They have three children— Jacob, Otto and Ed- win. Since coming to Cass county, Mr. Miiller has rented his farm and devoted his time to his trade. He has done much of the building in the township. Michael Letz came in 1870, and located * 'F Si te. 670 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. on section 15, where he has since im- proved a good farm. Michael Letz was born in Alsace, which then belonged to France, November 20, 1819. He attended school until fourteen years of age. When fifteen years old he wefitto Strasbnrg and lived with a physi- cian, driving his carriage seven years, and afterwards worked at a hotel. He lived in that city sixteen years, and then returned to his native village and in 1854 came to America. He loca,ted in Ottawa, LaSalle county, Illinois. Three years later he bought land in Eagle township of the same county, and lived there until 1870. He was married in 1841 to Elen- ora Loux. They have had five children — August, Henry,Matilda, Anna, and Louisa. Their son, August, enlisted in the Fifty- eighth Illinois Infantry, was wounded at Jackson, Mississippi, taken prisoner and died in Libby prison. Mrs. Letz died September 7, 1878. Mr. Letz was again married April 18, 188],to Mrs. Mary Rupp, a native of Baden, Germany, and widow of Johii F. Rupp. She had, by the first marriage, eight children — John Fred., Albert, Julius, Robert, Amelia, Mary, Bar- bara and Fredericka.. Jacob Hempel came in 1870, and took took up his farm on the southeast quarter of section 23. He was born in Germany in March, 1833, and was reared on a farm in that country. In 1853 he came to America, locating in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. In 1868 he removed to LaSalle county, Illinois, where he re- mained till 1870, when he came to this county, settling in Noble township as aforesaid. He was married in 1854 to Catharine Gorlach. They have four chil- dren living— Justus, Elizabeth, Catharine and George. William Ackerman came to the town- ship in 1 870, and bought land on section 9. Christian Knoke came in 1870, and bought the southeast quarter of section 10, which he has since improved and ad- ded to. Christian Knoke, came to Cass county, Iowa, in 1870, and bought the southeast quarter of section 10, Noble township. Since his, purchase he has cultivated his farm, built a commodious house and has planted several varieties of fruit and shade trees. He was born in Germany, on the the 4th of April, 1819, and came to Amer- ica in 1851, and made his home in Liv- ingston county, Illinois, about six miles from Ottawa, and there resided until 1870, when he sold and came to Cass county, as before stated. Mr. Knoke was united in marriage with Wilhelmina Hinkel- mann, in 1842. Mr. Knoke is one of the prominent and substantial citizens of Noble township, and by his nobility and model character he has won the confir dence of the people. John Peltzer, John H. Ackerman, Ernest Doloh and George Gerlach also came in 1870. John H. Ackerman , settled in Cass county, in 1869, locating then near At- lantic where he ■ lived two years. He ; then, in company with his brother, Will- iam Ackerman, bought land on section 9, on which they erected a frame house. They divided this land in 1878, and John H. now has one hundred and thirty acres, all improved. He was born in Germany, April ,28, 1852, and came to America when sixteen years of age. He located -,%^ ■h^-/ U^l/>^-\ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 613 i^ in La Salle county, Illinois, where he re- mained until he came to Cass. He was married in 18T9, to Sophia Westerwald. They have three children — Clara, Eliza- beth and Anna. PBOMINBNT PEOPLE. Among the later arrivals who have become identified with the interests of the township since coming here, are the fol- lowing: In 1832, in Germany, John Meyer, was born, who appears as the subject of this sketch. He was raised to agricul- tural pursuits, and when twenty-one years of age he joined the army, and served about three years. He was married in 1860, to Mary Sholtz. They have been blessed with four children — Dora, August, John and Willie. Mr. Meyer came to America in 1808, and settled in Illinois, where he rented land, and there remained until 1876, when became to Cass county, Iowa, and located in Noble township. In 1880 Mr. Meyer purchased his present farm, on section 11, where he has since erected a frame house, and has barns and sheds for the shelter of his stock. Mr. Meyer's family are members of the St. John's Evangelical church, of which Mr. M. is secretary. William Kreitzberg owns one hundred and twenty acres of land in Noble town- ship, Cass county, and since his settle- ment there has planted a fine grove, built a frame house and has improved the land. He bought the land in 1876, and came here in 1880, and settled on his present location. William was born in Germany, on the 9th of May, 1832. His younger days were mostly spent in school, and when about fourteen years of age his 42 parents emigrated to America, and settled in Pennsylvania. Soon after his arrival there he was engaged in driving team in the coal mines, and was thus employed about five years, when he took charge of an engine for some twenty-eight years. He built a large frame house in the village of Hazelton, and there remained until coming to Cass connty. Mr. Kreitzberg was married on the 9th of October, 1852, to Anna Mary Scherraer, who is a native of Germany. By this union they have been blessed with eight children — Martha, Mary, George, Rosanna, Lizzie, William, Cassie and Lewis. Mr. Kreitzberg is a good, substantial citizen, and is honored and respected by all who know him. Fritz Saemisch came to this county in 1874, and bought two hundred and eighty acres of wild land in section 21, Noble town- ship. He has erected good buildings and planted fruit, shade and ornamental trees, and has altogether a desirable residence. He has added to his original purchase and uowowns four hundred acres, all im- proved, lie was born in Magdeburg, Prussia, September 23, 1835. His younger days were spent in attending school. The last year that he spent in his native land, he attended an English school to acquire that language. His father was a leading man in the city of Magdeburg, and took the part of the peo- ple in their contest for freedom in 1848 and was a member of the peace confer- ence at its close. The subject of this sketch was sixteen years old when his parents emigrated to America and settled at Farm Ridge, La Salle county, Illinois. They soon after moved to Livingston county, where they were early settlers. liL 674 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. His father improved a farm in that county and is still a resident there. Fritz made his home with his parents until twenty-six years old, then settled on unimproved land, which he had bought two years previous. He improved this land and remained there until 1874. Mr. Saemisch has been engaged in farming and stock raising since coming to this county. He was married in 1863 to Eliz- abeth Eppelsheimer,a native of Germany. She died in January, 1883, aged thirty- eight. Ten children blessed their union, nine of whom are now living — Julia R., Clara L., Elenora, Mary M., Frederick C, Louis and Louisa, twins, Emma and Net- tie. He was again married in February, 1884, to Ida Krueger, a native of Prus- sia. He joined the German Evangelical association in 1864. He has been super- intendent of the Sabbath school for a number of years. He was school director in Illinois several years and has also fi led offices of trust in Noble township. Joseph Eshelman came to Cass county in 1870, and spent fifteen months in the town of Lewis, when he went to Illinois, and remained in Carroll county until 1875, when he returned to Cass county and purchased land on section 20, Noble township. He has since erected a house and barn, planted a grove and fenced his entire farm. Mr. Eshelman is a native of Pennsylvania, born on tlie 26th of July, 1845. When quite young his parents moved to Carroll county, Illinois, where he was educated in the public schools and lived on a farm until coming to Cass county. Mr. Eshelman was married in 1863, to Julia A. Sarber, a native of Ogle county, Illinois. By this union there are four children— Nora J., Eugene E., Georg^E. and Hattie E. John Bauerle came to Cass county on the 20th of March, 1875, and located in Noble township. In 1877 he bought some wild land on section 10, and since that time has made many improvements, having now a fine orchard, a grove and several fine farm buildings. Mr. Bauerle also owns a farm of eighty acres in Lin- coln township, which is nicely cultivated and produces abundant crops. He was born in Germany, on the 20th of March, 1852, and when six years of age came to America with an aunt, his parents having been in America some time before. 'He joined his parents at Chicago and re- mained there about two years, when his mother died and John was left with his aunt. They moved to La Salle county, Illinois, soon after, where he remained until coming to Cass county. He was married in La Salle county, Illinois, Octo- ber 16, 1879, to Sophia Hahn, a native of that county. They have been blessed with two children — Lydia and Charles. Abraham S. Eshelman was born in Woodbury, Blair county, Pennsylvania, January 8, 1843. He is' a son of Martin and Elizabeth (Stoner) Eshelman, both natives of Pennsylvania. When Abra- ham was nine years old. Ids parents moved to Carroll county, Illinois. Here he grew to manhood, receiving his education in tl)e public schools. August 11, 1862, he enlisted in the Ninety-second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, company I, and and served until the close of the war. He was discharged with the regiment, June 21, 1865. In 1863, the regiment was mounted, and did cavalry ► \ ^t^ — ^ -'— *^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 675 service from that time. He was with Sherman on his march to the sea, and in North Carolina, participating in a number of battles of that campaign. He returned to Carroll county, after the war. In IS^l he came to Cass county, and the follow- ing year, purchased land in section 21, of Noble township. The place was then wholly unimproved. He now has the land under cultivation, a good dwelling, a grove, an apple orchard and small fruit in abundance. He was married in Septem- ber, 1866, to Mary A. Kingery, a native of Ogle county, Illinois. They have had- five children — Anna Drusilla, Raymond O., Eva E., Perry M., and Clarence F. Eva E., died at the age of three years. Mr. Eshelman was elected township clerk in 1872, and has held the office since that time, with the exception of one year. Nicholas Blaser was born in Prussia, June 12, 1830. He spent the time from the age of five to fourteen years, in at- tending school, after which he was engag- ed in farming. 'In 1854, he came to Amer- ica, landed at New York and went direct- ly to Cook county, Illinois, where lie worked at farming two years. He then went to La Salle county and remained two years. He next removed to Livingston county, where a few years later, he bought land, and lived until 1874, when he came to Cass county. He had, the previous year, purchased land in section 3, Noble township. It was wild land at that time but is now well improved and in a good state of cultivation. Mr. Blaser was mar- ried in 1856, to Anna Maria Steffens, also a native of Prussia. They have four chil- dren living — Francis, Joseph, Margaret and Anna. Adam Wollenhaupt was born in Ger- many on the 18th of March, 1852. He spent most of his younger days in school, and when sixteen years of age he came to America, and located in Monroe county. New York, for a few months, when he went to La Salle county, Illinois, and there lived until 1875, when he came to Cass county. He purchased eighty acres of land on section 8, and at this time he has it all improved, and has planted a va- riety of fruit and shade trees. He has built a frame house and has one of the best set of farm buildings in the county. Mr. Wollenhaupt was married in Novem- ber, 1877, to Bertha Boasch, a native of Prussia. They have three children — Fred- rich, Lina E. and Walter F. Francis J. Buschmann, pastor of the Evangelical St. John's church, was born in Pierce county, Wisconsin, on the 14th day of October, 1856. He received his education in the public schools until 1874, when he he entered the preparatory col- lege of the Evangelical Synod of North America, and there studied about two years. He then attended Missouri col- lege, at Ilearthasville, Warren county, Missouri, and there remained until the spring of 1880, when he was appointed to a charge in Harvey county, Kansas, He there won the hearts of the people and was then engaged in preaching to the community the word of God until 1882, when he was installed as pastor in Noble township, Cass county, Iowa. He has here done good work to mankind, and is fast winning the confidence of the peo- ple. Mr. Buschmann was married on the 29th of September, 1880, to Miss M. Klee- mann, a native of Illinois, They had ^« ►1^' jMa- 676 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. two children — Frederich F., died in July 1882, and John Francis, now living. John Hampel lives on the southwest quarter of section 24, Noble township. He purchased the land in 1818, which was at that time unimproved, he has now a large frame house, a barn and other oul-build- ings. John Hampel was born in Hesse, Darmstadt, Germany, on the 20th day of November, 1830. His father was a tailor by trade, and after attending school about eight years^he assisted his father in the trade. In 1852, he left his native land and came to America. He settled in Ha* zelton, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, where he found employment in the coal mines,working as a miner about four years. Mr. Hampel was married to Elizabeth Ploch in February, 1855, and in 1856 be removed to Lightstreet, Columbia county, Pennsylvania, where he worked two years in the ore mines. In 1858 he bought a farm of thirty-three acres, and hired a man to work the farm while he continued his mining. He sold the above farm in 1863, and purchased eighty-eight acres of land in Montour county, Pennsylvania, in 1866, and devoted his entire attention to farm- ing. In 1877 Mr. and Mrs. Hampel made a visit to Jacob Hampel, the subject's brother, in Cass county, Iowa, at which time he bought the southwest quarter of section 24, Noble township. Their visit lasted about tliree weeks, at the end of which time they returned to their home in Pennsylvania. In the fall of 1877 he sold his entire interest in Pennsylvania, and in the spring of 1878 he removed his family to this county, and commenced to improve his farm. He now owns two hundred and thirty-two acres of land, and is raising large numbers of stock. On April 2, 1881, he lost his wife in death, he and eight children being left to mourn her loss. The names of the children are — Louisa, Elizabeth, Cassie, Emma, Caro- line and Pauline (twins), Annie and Augustus. Mr. Hampel was married again, December 23, 1883, to Mrs. MattieJ.House- knecht, of Watsontown, Pennsylvania. She is the daughter of Joseph R. Ketler, and late widow of Charles N. House- knecbt. She has thi-ee children by her first marriage — Letta, Lizzie and Luther, all of whom are living. Henry Kuester came to Cass county in 1872, and rented land for about two years in Noble township. In 1875 he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of wild land on section 1J7 of Noble township, where he erected a house and improved one hun- dred acres. In 1883 he purchased the Hayden farm, on sections 5 and 8, in all about one hundred and forty acres of im- proved land. He was born in Germany, October 29, 1847, and when seventeen years of age, emigrated to America, and located in La Salle county, Illinois. He worked on a farm for about three months, after which he rented land until he came to Cass county, in 1873. He was married in 1868 to Caroline Koehler, who was born in Prussia, October 1, 1843, and came to America when six years of age, and was reared in Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Kuester are the parents of six children — Amelia, Dora, Caroline, Henry, Louisa and John. Mrs. K. has two children by a former husband, Philip Sinner, now de- ceased. Their names are, Conrad and Elizabeth. August Berg, who was born on the 29th r HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. 677 of April, 1846, is a native of Prussia. He was there reared to agricultural pursuits, and" was educated in the public schools. In 1867 he left his native land, and came to America, locating in La Salle county, Illinois, where he was engaged in farming until 1871, when he came to Cass county, Iowa. He was united in marriage in 1872 with Anna Letz, a daughter of Michael and Leonora Letz. Four children have been born to them — August, John, Paul and Clara. On coming to this county, Mr. Berg purchased a farm on section 16, Noble township. He has his place now nicely improved, and has planted a large number of fruit and grove trees. Mr. and Mrs. Berg are members of the Evan- gelical Association, of which the former is trustee and Sunday school superintend- ent. Herman Dolch came to this county in 1873, and purchased eighty acres of land on section 22, Noble township. He set- tled on this land, which was unimproved, in 1877. Since that time he has bought another tract of eighty acres, on section 23, and now owns a fine farm of a hundred and sixty acres, in a high state of cultiva- tion and with good improvements. He was born in Saxony, Germany, in Feb- ruary, 1849, and came with his parents to America when three and a half years of age. They went to Ozaukee county, Wisconsin, where, four weeks later, both of his parents died. He was then taken care of by his grandparents, who lived in Ozaukee county, and remained with them until twenty-one years old. He went to La Salle county, Illinois, and stopped until 1873. In March of that year he went to Colorado, but remained only a few weeks. and came back to Iowa, stopping in Cass county. He was utimarried at that time, and engaged in diflEerent pursuits until 1877, when he was married to Louisa Letz, a native of Alsace, France. They have four children — Eayraond, Ellis O., Edgar, and an infant. George Eppelsheimer owns a fine farm of one hundred and twenty acres, in sec- tions 22 and 23, Noble township. He purchased his land, which was then unim- proved, in 1874. He now has a substan- tial buildings, a fine grove, an apple orchard, and a vineyard containing four hundred vines. Mr. Eppelsheimer was "born in the month of November, 1817, in Germany. He attended school until four- teen years old, then commenced learning the trade of cabinet maker> He was mar- ried in 184], to Rosina Stoft. After his marriage he engaged in farming in the summer, and working at his trade during the winter season, until 1856. In that year he left his native land and came to America, landing in New York, June 6th, of that year. He settled in Livingston county, Illinois, bought land in Reading township, built a house, and engaged in fa/ming, until he came to Cass county, in 1874. Mr. and Mrs. Eppelsheimer have had seven children — Philip, Elizabeth, Mary, Peter, Margaret, George and Henry. George died in Illinois, at the age of seven years. Elizabeth was mar- ried to Fritz Saemisch, and died in Janu- ary, 1888. Peter was born in . the same town as his father, December 8, 1848, and was eight years old when his parents came to America. He was reared upon the farm and received his education in the public schools. In April, 1878, he was v^r =ifr 678 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. married to Lucy Kiilig, and the follow- ing fall, settled upon his present farm in the southwest quarter of section 23. He has all of the land under cultivation, a fine grove and fruit trees. They have had three children — Rosa, Walter and an in- fant (deceased.) Henry is the only one born in America. He still lives with his parents. Philip was born in his father's native town, July 5, 1842,and was fourteen years old when the family came to Amer- ica, and settled in Illinois, where he grew to manhood, and made his home with his parents until his marriage, in November, 1868, to Elizabeth Turke, a native of Ger- many. He bought sixty acres of land in Reading township, where he lived until 1873. He then sold out and came to Noble township. He purchased the north- west quarter of section 23, where he now lives. He has a well improved farm of two.hundred and sixty acres, having added one hundred acres to his original pur- chase. They -have two children — George and Mary. Simon Sundermann came to Cass county in 1875, and bought three hundred and forty acres of land, on sections 8 and 9, Noble township. He has improved his land,built a nice framebouse and has made many improvements on his farm. He has some of the finest stock in the county, and is engaged in raising blooded stock. Mr. Sundermann was born in Germany, on the 14th day of May, 1824, and when four- teen years of age he was engaged in making brick, and following that occupa- tion for four years he then began farming. He was married in 1853, to Sophia Stok, a native of Germany. In 1854, Mr. Sun- dermann came to America, and settled in La Salle county, Illinois, where he bought a farm and remained there eight years, when he bought one hundred and sixty acres of land at Crane Rapids, and there lived until coming to Cass county. Mr. and Mrs. Sundermann have been blessed with twelve children — Mena, Henry, Fred Samuel, Charlie, Amelia, Amanda, Willie, John, Lydia, Emma, Mary and Anna. Justus Gerlach (deceased) came to Cass county in August, 1873. He bought wild land in the northwest quarter of section 10, Noble township, which he improved and made his home. He was born in Ger- mane, January 15, 1882. He learned the trade of blacksmith and carpenter, and when twenty years of age, came to Amer- ica, and settled in Luzerne county, Penn- sylvania, where he was employed as over- seer in a coal mine. He was married July 12, 1857, to Elizabeth Wolf, also a native of Germany. Seven children were born to them, four of whom are now living — Catherine, Louise, William and George H. Mr. Gerlach died July 28, 1879. The family now occupy the homestead. John Berg came to Cass county in Jan- uary, 1873, and purchased one hundred and twenty acres of wild land on section 21, and has since that time cultivated his land, until 1881, when he sold it to his son William- Mr. Berg is a native of Germany, born on the 12th of September, 1821. In 1868, he came to the .United States, and first settled in La Salle county, Illinois, and remained there until 1873, when he came to Noble township, Cass county. He was married in Germany, to Elizabeth Hony, who died in December, 1879, leaving four children — August, Mary, Augusta and William. Since his -^ ^1 * a^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY, 679 it. wife's death, Mr. Berg has lived with liis children, who welcome iheir aged father to their fireside. Martin Bicking owns and occupies a farm on section 24, Noble township,where he settled in 1877. He is a native of Ger- many, and was born in that country, on the 24lh of April, 1852. His youthful life was spent in a school, and when fifteen years of age, left his native laud and came to America, locating in Pennsylvania, and when seventeen years old, he began as a blacksmith, in the village of Hazelton. His first visit to Cass county was in 1875, and staying but a few weeks, he returned to HaZelton, and continued his business until 1877, when he came to his present location. His farm is under a good state of cultivation, has erected a small shop in which he works at his trade at odd times. Mr. Bicking was married in 1877, to Rose Kreitzberg, who was born in Ger- many, and is the daughter of William and Ann (Scherman) Kreitzberg. They have been blessed with three children — Willie, George and Mary. William Knoke, son of Christian and Minnie Knoke, was born in Otter Creek townshij). La Salle county, Illinois, July 29, 1852. He grew to manhood in his native State, receiving his education in the public schools. He lived with his parents until his marriage, March 15, 1883, to Lizzie Hofmaster. They have one child — Minnie. He settled on his present farm at the time of his marriage. It is located in the southwest quarter of section 10. Gottlieb Holdorf came to Noble town- ship, Cass county, in 1975, and purchased on section 20, and since that time has im- proved his farm, bought forty acres more built a good frame house, and made every improvement deemed necessary in farm- ing. He was born in Prussia, on the 8th, of February, 1842, and when eight years of age, his parents came to America, and settled in Wisconsin. Gottlieb made his home with bis parents until seventeen years of age, when he went to Illinois, and was engaged in farming in DuPage county. He enlisted in 1862, in company I, One Hundred and Fifth Illinois In- fantry, and served until the close of the war. He took a part in the battles of Burnt Hickory, Lookout Mountain, At- lanta, Plum Creek, and many others. After his discharge, he returned to Du- Page county, and farmed until 1866, when he moved to Wisconsin, and was there married to Dorethea Rave, a native of Michigan. In 1868 they moved to Illi- nois, and remaining there until 1875, when he came to Cass county. Mr. and Mrs. Holdorf have beeiTblessed with five children— Edward, William, Frank, Her- man and Henry. William Berg owns and occupies a farm on section 21, Noble township. He was born in Germany, June 28, 1858. When ten years of age, his parents came to America, and settled in LaSalle county, Illinois, and there remained about four years. In 1873, he came to Cass county, Iowa, and located in Noble township. His farm when he first settled, was wild, and until 1881, was owned by his father, but at that time he purchased the estate of one hundred and twenty acres, and since that eighty more, and has improved and cultivated it. He is chiefly engaged in raising stock, having one of the finest ~v 680 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. farms for this occupation in the county. Mr. Berg was married in May. 1882, to Julia, daughter of Fritz and Elizabeth Saemisch, by whom he has had two chil- dren — Eddie and Elizabeth. Charles Kuester owes his nativity to Hanover, Germany, having been born on the 30th of January, 1853, and is the son of Christopher and Catharine Kues- ter. When about twelve years of age he came to America with his parents, and settled in LaSalle county, Illinois, where he grew to manhood, and was there educated in the public schools. He lived with his parents seventeen years, when he began farming, and was so engaged until 1873, when he came to Cass county and bought eighty acres of wild land on section 11, Noble township. He has since improv- ed one hundred and sixty acres of land, and has erected a large frame house. He has a fine large pasture, and has in all his land two hundred and forty acres, which he intends to cultivates, Mr. Kuester was married in 1875, to Catha- rine E. Abhaw, by whom he has had four children — John Adam, Sophia Mary, Bertha Matilda, and Louis. Jacob Wasmer, a native of Switzer- land, was born on the •25th of June, 1850, and attended school un.til sixteen years of age, when he learned the plaster and stone mason trade. When nineteen years of age he left his native land and came to America, landing at New York. He came directly to Iowa, and was employed in farming in Winneshiek county until 1873, when he came to Cass county, and in 1875, purchased land on section 20, Noble township. He has improved all his land, built a frame house of consider- able size, and has planted a grove of shade and fruit trees. Mr. Wasmer was mar- ried in 1875, to Louisa Brennaman, a na- tive of Ohio. They have two children — Adeline Helena, and an infant. May Ettie. Mr. W. is one of the successful and enterprising farmers of the county, and by his great ability and industry, has made his fortune from the once wild prairie. Edward A. Baer, the class leader in the Reno Methodist Episcopal church, was born in Davis county, Iowa, on the 26th of January, 1849, and is the son of David and Clarissa (Eailsbach) Baer, the former of Ohio and the. latter of Indiana. Ed- ward grew to manhood and was educated in the pnblic schools of Davis county, was engaged in teaching and fartuing there until the winter of 1876, when he came to Cass county, and settled in Edna township. In 1877 he purchased land on the northeast quarter of section 24, of Noble township. He has improved his land, built a nice frame house, and has planted one of the finest groves in the township. Mr. Baer was united in mar- riage in 1870 to Belle Howard, a native of Virginia. Their union has been blessed with three children — Ralph B.,* Ada G. and Clarissa Maude. BDUCATIONAL. The first school in what is now Noble township was in the limits of the present District No. 8. Mary Hardenberg was the first teacher, and school was held in a cabin on the southeast quarter of the southeast quarter of section 28. There are nine school districts in the township, each comprising four sections of land, and Tr«- ■ Mg .^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 681 each district is provided with a neat school building. District No. 1. — The first school house was erected for this district in 1S13, and the first teacher was Miss Mary Dicker- son. The house is located on the north- west corner of section 12. District Mo. 2.-^The first school house was erected for this district in 1868, on the southwest corner of section 4. It was sold to William Smith, and a new one erected in 1876, on the northeast corner of section 9. Frank Sherwood was the first who wielded the birch in this house. District No. 3. — The school house of this district is situated on the northwest quarter of section 8. District No. 4. — The building used for educational purposes in this district is sit- uated on the southwest quarter of sec- tion 11. District No. 5. — The present school building of this district, which was also the first one, was erected in 18'72. It is located on fhe northwest quarter of sec- tion 22. The first teacher in this school was Miss Lizzie Ely. District No. 6. — The first house for educational purposes in this district was erected on the southeast corner of section 14, in 1878. Edward A. Baer was the first teacher in this school. District No. 7. — The building for this district was erected in 1875, and com- menced its first term with John Andrews as its teacher. Its location is on the north- east quarter of the southeast quarter of section 25. District No. 8. — The first school in this district was taught in a private house in 1859, by Mary Hardenbergh. In the fol- lowing year a building was erected for school purposes on the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 28. That house was used until 1872, when it was sold. It is now owned and occupied as a dwelling by Clark Davis. The same year, the present building was erected. It is of the usual size and materials, and is situated on the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter of section 27. District No. 9.— The school house is located on the southeast corner of section 30. It was erected in 1871, and Frank Sherwood was the first who taught the young idea how to shoot, beneatli its roof. CEMETERY. The German cemetery is located in the northeast quarter of the northeast quar- ter of section 15. Joseph Weirich dona- ted one acre of land for this purpose. The first burial was Franklin, infant son of V. J. and Caroline Weirich. This was in December, 1871. The trustees of the ceme- tery are: John Hanipel, William Smith and Philip Eppelsheimer. RELIGIOUS. There are three religious organizations in the township: the Newlon's Grove Bap- tist church, the German Evangelical asso- ciation and the Evangelical St. John's church. The latter has a substantial qhurch edifice. The first meeting of the German Evan- gelical association of Noble township was held at Christian Knoke's house on sec- tion 10, in 1870, and shortly afterward services were held at the residences of of Michael Letz and Joseph Weirich. Rev. William King was the first pastor. Meet- ings are held in the school house of dis- -% 4 ^ 682 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. trict No. 5, with Rev. Kleiufelter as pas- tor. (See Ecclesiastical chapter.) The Newlon's Grove Baptist church was organized at the residence of J. T. Martiu, on the southeast quarter of sec- tion 12, January 17, 1882, by Rev. C. Brooks, who had preached previously in the neighborhood, but never to an organ- ization before. There are now sixteen members of the society, and they hold services in district No. 1 school house. (See Ecclesiastical chapter.) Fritz Saeinisch has been superintendent of the Sabbath School of the German Evangelical association for a number of years. There is a substantial church building on section 15, belonging to the St. John's Evangelical church society, erected in 1884, at a cost of $2,800. Their first meetings were held at the residence of Christ. Miiller, in 1 872, with Rev. William Biihring as pastor. The present pastor is Rev. Francis Buschman, and the offi- cers are: Henry MuUer, president; John Meyer, secretary. POSTOFFICE. The old Edna postoffice was removed to Newlon's Grove, but without chang- ing its original name. Cyrus New- Ion was the first postmaster at the new lo- cation. He was succeeded by Samuel Newlon, and he again by H. S. Listen. Robert Magarell was the next postmaster, and he kept the office at his house in Bear Grove. It was discontinued while he was in office, but re-established as the New- lon's Grove postoffice in 1876, with H. S. Liston as postmaster. Mail was received on the Atlantic and Villisca route twice a week. When the Atlantic Southern rail- road was built, in 1 880, the postoffice was discontinued. H. S. Liston was the last postmaster. OrFlCERS. In the fall of 1870, township officers were elected, as follows: trustees, IT. Daft, H. S. Liston and William E. Buckley; clerk, E. J. Shields. The township officers for. 1884, are: trustees, Henry Ackerman, chairman; J. B. Hull and H. S. Liston; clerk, A. S. Eshelman; assessor, D. H. Westfield; jus- tices of the peace, E. J. Shields and J. T. McCullough. CHAPTER XXV 1. Lying in the extreme northeastern cor- ner of the county of Cass, is the civil township known as Grant. It comprises all of congressional township 77 north, of GRANT TOWNSHIP. range 34 west, and contains about 24,000 acres. It is bounded on the north by Audubon county, on the east by Adair county, on the south by Lincoln township, *7r* J?jj HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 683 and on the west by Benton township. The soil is generally of a rich, black, sandy loam, although some of the light colored "mulatto" soil of the bluff deposit comes to the surface, but both these are of the quick, productive class, and nearly every thiug planted yields most abund- antly, and that quickly. Small grains do excellently well, but corn more than sur- passes it in its yield. The native indige- nous grasses which grow so luxuriantly on the unbroken prairies, would afford an almost unlimited pasturage for a vast amount of stock, and nature seems to have endowed this spot with nearly all the at- tributes of a good agricultural region. Both Turkey creek and Crooked creek traverse its territory, and, with the numer- ous smaller creeks and rivulets, drain and water the entire township. Turkey creek has its head waters in Adair county and enters Grant on the southwest quarter of section 13, and crossing that, and sections 22, 23. 28, 29 and 31, in its southwesterly course toward its- parent stream, makes its exit in the southwest of section 31. Crooked creek enters, from Audubon county, in the northwest corner of sections 4, and bisects sections 5 and 7, passing into Benton on the west line of the south- west quarter of the latter. Numerous small streams, tributaries of these and other water-courses, spread throughout Grant, like the veins on a leaf, leaving but very few quarter sections without same description of running water. The main line of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad crosses the township in a somewhat diagonal line, entering on the northeast corner of the southeast quarter of section 13, and crosses to the southwest corner of section, thence west along the south line of sec- tion 14, then southwesterly, intersecting sections 22, 28, 29 and 31, leaving Grant on the west line of the latter. There is one station on this line in the township, at the thriving city of Anita, on sections 21 and 28, which is noted further on. There is but little timber in Grant township, the only considerable body be- ing what is known as Morrison's Grove, south of Turkey creek, on sections 29, 31, 32 and 33. Another grove is also found on section 28, south of Anita. Many of the settlers, however, are with excellent foresight, setting out and cultivating arti- ficial groves contiguous to their dwell- ings, which will in a few years, obviate this lack of timber. The surface is a gently rolling prairie in most parts, but a little of it is hilly, but not to a degree as to militate against its use for the purposes of agriculture. The township is being settled up by a thrifty and intelligent class of emigrants, most of whom are American or German, and but a few years must elapse ere Grant will take a foremost place in the brightgalaxv of townships that go to make up Cass county. KABLY SETTLEMENT. The pioneer settler of Grant township was Dr. Gershom S. Morrison, who located about a mile southwest of where Anita now stands, in August, 1853, at what is known as Morrison's Grove. Here he en- tered a large tract of land, and erected a double log cabin, which was considered as a large house, in those days. He came here from Bureau county, Illinois. The doctor kept the stage station, which was f IV ^?= 684 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. called Morrison's Station, or Grove, for many years, and was known from one si.de of the State to the other. He was a great hunter, and during the winter of 1855-0, killed in the neighborhood of one hundred and fifty deer. He was a regu- larly educated physician, and had prac- ticed medicine ifl Illinois, previous to his location here, and would sometimes pre- scribe for his neighbors in this county, although he did not follow it as a profess- ion, or means of livelihood During the winter oi 1854-"5, Doctor Morrison, Peter Kanawyer, R, D. McGeehon and J. R. Kirk spent about two months in staking OHt a road, bridging the streams, etc., from Dalmanutba, Guthrie county, to the Nish- nabotna river, about two mile from Indian- town, a distance of about forty miles. All the road work and bridge building was done by the settlers, without pay, up to 1856, through this part of the country, as there were no regularly laid out roads, and the taxes were not sufficient to do it, or even keep them in repair. The "West- ern stage company, put a line of four- horse coaches on to this road, in May, 1855, from Des Moines to Council BluSs, and the first station west of Dalmanutlia, a distance of eighteen miles lying be- tween with a house. Doctor Morrison died while a resident of the township in 1803. His wife, whose name was Lura, and after whom the extinct township of Lura was named, died in ISO?. Meredith Roland settled in this town- ship, on section 30, about the same titne. He removed to Guthrie county in ]859, where his family still reside. He came hack on a visit to his old friend Edward Griffith, and while here died. His wife and his sister, Mrs. Tatnall, were with him at the time of his death. Lewis Reason came in 1861, to Grant township, settling on section 28, on the site Anita now stands. He has lived in Atlantic township for a number of years previous to his settlement here. The property so long known as Beason's stage station is now owned by F. H. Whitney, of Atlantic. In the fall of 1870, Mr. Reason removed to his present residence in Benton township. William E. Peters made a settlement on section 30, in April, 1862, where he resided until his death, which occurred on Thursday, April 10, 1879. He was born in North Wales, March 4, 1823, where his parents died when he was three years of age. In 1840 he went to Scotland, and from there he came to this country in 1853, settling at Pittsburg, Pennsyl- vania. P^rom Pittsburg he came to this county, in company with Edward Griffith, now a resident of Grant township. His early life was one of hardship, toil and privation, owing to the early demise of his pai'ents and his consequent depend- ence upon charity until old enough to provide for himself, when the necessity of untiring labor in providing for his physical being robbed him of the privi- leges of even a common school educa- tion. Yet, notwithstanding all this, he was known here as a self-educated man, and one whose opinions, the result of long and patient study and practical experience, were treated wilh the respect due them. His life before coming to this county was a busy and eventful one, and his hand to hand battle with the world had peculiarly fitted him for the duties ^1 V. ^^ « w_ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 685 required of the pioneer settlers of Cass county. The wild and sterile aspect of this county twenty-two years ago had no terrors for him, and by his energy and industry he became fully entitled to the honor of doing as much, if uot more, than other men in transforming the long ago Cass county into the fruitful fields and pleasant homes of to-day. His indomitable nature was rot checked by the disadvantages to be contended wilh, but rather expanded at beholding the broad and wild acres on which grew only the wild prairie grasses, and from the rich soil that grew them he yearly gath- ered a harvest which maintained him and his in comparative comfort, and afforded a balance which is sufficient to enable those he left behind him to life in no fear of poverty. He was a strict Christian, having embraced religion at the early age of fourteen years, and all who knew him here recognized in him a faithful and intelligent adherent to the religion he professed. The influence his consistent Christian life had upon this community cannot be estimated, but it had its effect, and that many men have been made bet- ter because of his having lived here can not be doubted. At the time of his death he was a prominent member of the Con- gregational church, at Anita, being also one of the first members of that organ- ization. He was married in the summer of 1854, at Pittsburg, to his relict, Mrs. Dinah E. Peters, and tiiough no children blessed their union, all the love of a warm and generous nature was bestowed upon his wife and their adopted daugh- ter. Miss Cassie Peters, who still mourn their loss. In concluding this mention of one of the pioneers of this county, we take genuine pleasure in stating that, as a man, he was honest, upright and noble; as a Christian, consistent and devoted; as a husband, kind, watchful and provident; as a neighbor, universally beloTed. He had hosts of friends and no enemies, and enjoyed the respect and esteem of all with whom he came in contact. In his death Cass county lost one of its oldest and best citizens. . R. W. Calkins came to this locality in 1868, and located on sections 28 and 33, where he still resides. R» W. Calkins was born in Saratoga county, New York, June 4,1832. He is a son of Elisha F. and Almira (Garnsey) Calkins, natives of New York. They were the parents of six children, five of whom are still living— Isaac G., of Janes- ville. Rock county, "Wisconsin; Charles F., of Moline, Illinois; R. W., George W., of Chicago; Minerva J., wife of Henry Faircloth. In 1842 or '43, Elisha Calkins removed with his family to Rock Island county, Illinois, where he engaged in farming. He died there in 1849. His wife's death occurred at Moline in 1878. They were members of the Baptist church and he was a Whig and a strong temperance man. He ■ was a man of more than ordinary ability and was highly respected in the county where he resided. The subject of this sketch was ten years old when he went to Illinois. He secured an academic education and at the time of his father's death was pre- pared to enter college. October 20, 1861, he was married to Mary C. S. Pruyn, of New York. Mrs. Calkins was one of a family of eight children. In August, - 1 « Al a fc_ 686 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 1861, Mr. Calkins enlisted in the Nine- teenth Illinois Cavalry, company B, and rendezvoused at Camp Douglas, where he was appointed sergeant. He was after- ward appointed recruiting officer, and was instrumental in raising two compa- nies. He was transferred to the Twelfth "Illinois Cavalry in December, 1801. He again enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Illinois regiment and was commissioned first lieutenant. The regi- ment was stationed at Cairo, Illinois, and took part in several raids after Price and Morgan. He returned in the fall of 1864, engaged in mercantile busi- ness. In 1868, he came to Grant town- ship, Cass county, Iowa, and located on sections 28 and 33, where he has since re- sided. Here he purchased two hundred and ten acres of prairie land, then un- broken, and now has a farm of which he may well be proud. In 1876, he began the hardware business. la 1880, the firm of Calkins and King was formed and con- tinued until January, 1884. He opened the first lumber yard and agricultural im- plement warehouse of the city of Anita. He is a Republican in politics and has held local offices of trust. Mr. Calkins is one of the enterprising business men of the county. Both he and his wife have been members of the Congregational church since its organization. S. W. Wallace came to Grant township from Clayton county, Iowa, where he had been engaged in farming, and located near the old Morrison place, and in 1870, removed to section 24, where they still live. S. W. Wallace, an early settler of Cass county, was born near West Port, Essex county. New York, October 17, 1834. His parents were John Wallace, who was born May 31, 1804, at Durham, Canada, and Sally (Nichols) Wallace, born in 1802. They were married in Essex county. New York, in 1831. Both are still living, hav- ing been married fifty-three years. Thev had four children — Mary Ann, Charles A., Matthew W., and Sir William. Charles A. Wallace was a member of the Twelfth Iowa Volunteer Infantry. He participated in the battles of Fort Don- elson and Pittsburg Landing. At the latter place he was wounded and taken prisoner, but was soon after exchanged and sent to the hospital at St. Louis. Here he received an invalid's leave of absence, and went home for a few weeks, after which he rejojne^ his regiment and was sent to Vicksburg. After the surrender of that point, he was sent north and died at Helena, Arkansas. He left a wife and one daughter. Mathew M. Wallace was a member of the Sixteenth Iowa Infantry, and died in the service, at Columbus, Kentucky. In 1853, the subject of this sketch left Essex county, and emigrated to Clayton county, Iowa, where he took land and made a farm. He removed in 1861, to Cass county, and located upon a farm near the present town of Anita, where he remained until 1870. In that year he moved to his present residence. He has a fine farm, containing one hun- dred and sixty acres, valued at thirty dol- lars per acre,. Mr. Wallace was married April 30, 1859, to Mary C. Jones, a daugh- ter of one of the early settlers of Clayton county, Iowa. This marriage took place in Prairie du Chien, Crawford county, Wisconsin, the ceremony being performed ■H^lff" A HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 687 by the Rev. W. F. Delap, in the presence of C. A. Benedict and a Miss Burbank. By the anion there were eight children, six of whom are living — Charles E.; Ben- jamin W., Cora A., Florence D., Effie M. and Clarence G. Mr. and Mrs. Wallace are members of the Evangelical church. Rev. Lemon Fitch came to Grant town- ship, on the 9th of May, 1870, and settled near Anita, where he still resides. Lemon Fitch, an early settler of Cass county, was born in Washington county. New York, February IV, 1811. He was married May 22, 1834, to Ruth Morrison, a daughter of Alexander Morrison, who was born February 7, 1816. They have had fourteen children — Cordelia, Edward, Henry, Marietta, Millard, died in infancy; John T., died in May, 1882, aged thirty- eight; Julia E., Matilda, dead; Asa N., died when quite young; Ruth A., died in infancy; Flora, Lillie, Willie, Fred and Lora A. In 1 835, they left New York and went to Jackson, Michigan, where he as- sisted in building up that city, and in the erection of the first court house. In 1837 they removed to Illinois, where he folTow- ed preaching about ten years. In 1848 they went to Milwaukee, thence to Grand Rapids, where they spent fourteen years. In 1882 they removed to Steuben county, Indiana. May 9, 1870, they came to Anita, Grant township, where he now has eighty-three and one-half acres, valued at forty dollars per acre. Mr. Fitch has been a church member for fifty-two years. OTHER PIlOMIIirENT CITIZEN'S. D. C. Kellogg, one of the prominent citizens of Cass county, was born July 28, 1830, in Castleton, Vermont. He is a son of Charles C. and Abigial (Drake) Kellogg, who were the parents of four child, two of whom are now living. In 1836 Mr. Kellogg Senior left his native State for the west, traveling with teams. He stopped in Richwood township, Peoria county. In 1854 another move was made to Jaspec county, Iowa, and a settlement made near Prairie City, where he died August 9, 1868. The mother of D. C. Kellogg died May 31, 1867. The parents of the subject of this sketch were very worthy people, the father having held various local offices of trust. D. C. Kel- logg left Vermont when g, small boy, and spent his young days as a pioneer living in a small log cabin without the many conveniences now deemed indispensable. He was married March 4, 1852, to Sarah E. Graham. They are the parents of nine children, three of whom are now living. Mr. Kellogg has held the office of trustee for twenty-five years. In 1880 he was elected county supervisor, and was an efficient member of the court house build- ing committee. He is among the best class of Cass county's citizens, and to a considerable extent has been identified with public enterprises. Alfred Bailey was born in Leicester, England, in the year 1847. His parents were John P. and Mary Bailey, who were natives of England. Alfred was reared and educated in his native country. At the age of twenty-two years, he came to America, and located in Pottawattamie county, Iowa, where he commenced the breeding of fine stock. In 1876 became to Cass county, and formed the partner- ship of Bailey and Cadoux, and has since been largely engaged in breeding fine cattle, hogs and horses. He was married ^-. r HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. '-^ in 1876 to Maria Cadoux, also a native of Leicester, England. Mr. and Mrs. Bailey have four children — John P., William A., George L. and Emily. George McDermott was born in Benton township, Cass county, Iowa, November 15, 186:i. He is a son of Henry and Eliz- abeth (Miller) McDermott, who were among the first settlers of Benton town- ship, and also of Johnson county, Iowa. George received his education in the common schools of the township. He was married, April 27, 1884, to Ella M. Van Slyke, a daughter of Horace Van Slyke, who resides in Audubon county. Although but a young man, he has lived to see what was once a wild, unbroken and uninhabited prairie in all directions, transformed into fertile and well culti- vated farms. Mr. McDermott is a young man of good character, and energetic, and owns one hundred and twenty acres of fine land in Grant township. Solomon A. Shaw owns one hundred and sixty acres of fine, cultiva,ted land on section 14, which he purchased in 1881 of Dr. W. Bradway. He was born in Pennsyl- vania on the 16th of January, 1846, and is the son of Solomon and Mary (Zieger) Shaw. His father is now living in Ma- haska county, Iowa, his mother having died in June, 1884. Our subject removed to Ohio when two years of age, and set- tled in Montgomery county, where he resided until eleven years of age, when he removed with his parents to Mahaska county, and there received his education. Then he attended the school at Ottumwa, and there graduated in May, 1874. He then came to Cass county, and while in Atlantic, was e.ngaged as clerk for H, G. Sharp. He remained in that employment about five years, when he settled north of Atlantic, and remaining there until 1681, when he removed to his present location. Mr. Shaw was married on the I7th of January, 1876, to Mattie Gillespie. They are the parents of four children — Frank- lin, Fred, Emma and Grace. Mr. Shaw has taught a number of terras of school in Jasper county, and is at present the sub-director of district No. 3, in this town- ship. Mr. Shaw and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Joshua Porch was born in Holmes county, Ohio, February 14, 1839. His parents, David and Catharine (Hess) Porch, reared a family of eight children, all of whom are living. Mr. and Mrs. Porch are now living in Mansfield, Rich- land coiinty, Ohio. Joshua Porch, the subject of this sketch, received his educa- ation in the schools of his native county. He was married to Maria Smith, a native of Ohio, by whom he has one son, Elmer C. Mr. Porch came to Cass county in 1874 and is one of the early settlers, and a worthy and respected citizen. He has a fine farm with two hundred acres of land under cultivation. John C. Young is one of the early set- tlers of Grant township, where he located in the spring of 1874. He is a native of Pennsylvania and was born October 6, 1838. He was married May 14, 1860, lo Elizabeth A. Biinckley, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1842. They are the pa- rents of four children — Fremont, new of Dakota; Pyra A., Etta May and James W. In 1872 he left Pennsylvania and came to Jasper county, Iowa, locating near Prairie City, where he was employed as a H^ slV i^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 689 ^' laborer. As before stated, he came to this county in 1874, and purchased one hundred and twenty acres of land. He commenced a poor man, but by judicious managementhas accumulated agood prop- erty, and is now in the enjoyment of a competence honestly gained, and a home fairly won. James F. Wells, farmer and stock- dealer, was born in Barbour county. West Virginia, May 14, 1851. He is a son of Jesse B. and Edith (Poling) Wells. The former died in July, 1851, In the fall of 1851, James F. Wells, in company with his mother and grandmother, went to Union county, Ohio, where his mother was married to E, F. Ryan, and by this union two daughters were born. In April, }8l5, they removed to Mahaska county, Iowa, where Mrs. Ryan is still living. In March, 1811, Mr. Wells was married to Lizzie Libby, who was born in Mahaska county. They have one child — Maud. In 1878 he went to Adair county, Iowa, where he improved a farm. In the fall of 1878 he removed to Audu- bon, Audubon county, of the same State, and embarked in mercantile business. He was afterwards employed as clerk for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad company. In December, 1883, he pur- chased a farm consisting of one hundred and fifteen acres, in sectioii 29, Grant township. He has eighty acres under cultivation. The farrti is valued at thirty- five dollars per acre. Mr. Wells is a mem- ber of the Baptist church and Mrs. Wells of the Christian church. Samuel Petty came to Cass county in 1871 . He was born in Morris county, New Jersey, in 1 851 . He received his early edu- 43 cation in his native State. In 1868 he went to Bureau county, Illinois, remaining there until 1871, when he came to Cass county as before stated. He was married in this county to Ella Hubbell. They have two children — Charles D. and Addie May. Mr. Petty owns eighty acres of land in section 85, all under cultivation and valued at thirty-five dollars per acre. He is one of the early settlers of the township. Louis Anderson is a native of Den- mark, born in 1856. In 1864 he emigra- ted to America and located in Marquette county, Michigan. He came to Cass county in June, 1869, accompanying his parents, who took land and opened a farm upon which they still reside. Louis was educated in this country and received a liberal education. He was married De- cember 25, 1878, to Rossetta Brown, and they have twoehildren — Edith and Annie. Vlr. Anderson owns a farm of eighty acres, all under cultivation. At the time lie came to the county there was but one or two houses in Anita, and Atlantic was a small village. George H. Petty is a son of John T. and Rebecca (Nixon) Petty, and was born in Warren county. New Jersey, May 7, 1850. When he was six years old his pa- rents emigrated to Bureau county, Illi- nois where he was brought up on a farm and received an academic education. He is one of a family of sixteen children, fourteen of whom are living. His father, John T. Petty, still resides in Bureau county where he has acquired a compe- tency. He is engaged in mercantile busi- ness. George H. Petty was married to Phena M. Newton, daughter of Sylvester -.^ -Jl 9 fc. 690 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Newton of Bureau county, Illinois, for- merly of New York. They have one child— Avis A. Mr. Petty came to this county in October, 1881, and purchased a fine farm of one hundred and sixty acres, all under a high state of cultivation and valued at thirty-Sve dollars per acre. He is engaged in farming and stock-raising. Mr. Petty is a member of the Iowa Knights of Honor. James McMillin was born in Wayne county, Ohio, on the 28th of July, .1842, and is the son of David and Rachel (Welbans) McMillin. His mother died in 1880, and liis father is now living in Knox county, Ohio. His boyhood days were spent in his native State until J 854, when he moved to Knox county, that State, and there followed farming. Not being satisfied with the country, he con- cluded to come to Iowa, where he could purchase and improve the wild land. Thus in 1876, he came to Cass county, Iowa, and in 1878, he purchased eighty acres of land, forty acres on section 5, and forty on section 6. He has since improv- ed his land, and has built a fine house, raises grain and stock. Mr. McMillan was married in 1872, to Eliza Hearsh, a native of Ohio. They have three chil- dren—Lena, born June 29, 187-3; Isaiah, born October 2, 1875, and Sarah, born September 28, 1879. Mr. McMillin is a man of superior character, and is honored and respected by his many friends. Eliza, wife of James McMillin, was born May 26, 1850, and is the daughter of Peter and Sarah (Suigart) Hearsh. Her father and mother are now dead, her father died July 11, 1857; her mother, July 19, 1883, Mrs. McMillan was born in Richland county, Ohio, and lived there until 1876, when she'came with her husband, to Cass county, Iowa. Charles Scholl, ^was born in Philadel- phia, Pennsylvania, on the 7th of April, 1858, and is the son of Leo and Catha- rine Scholl, both of German descent. Charles lived in his native city until twelve years of age, when he came to Bu- reau county, Illinois, where he attended school in the winter terms and worked on a farm through the summer. He was so engaged several years, when he came to Cass county, Iowa, and settled in Lincoln township, where he operated a farm until 1881, when he removed to the farm he had purchased two years before. He fol- lows general farming, and makes a specialty of raising fine stock. He has made many improvements on his place and erected one of the fi.nest houses in the township. Mr. Scholl was married on the 2d 'of September, 1881, to Maggie Keiner, a daughter of Frederick Keiner, and a native of Jefferson county, Wiscon- sin. They have had two children— Law- rence, born on the 26th of March, 1882, died on January 27th, 1883; and Grace M., born in 1883, and died on the 15th of June, 1884. Mr. Scholl is a member of the 1. O. O. F., having joined that order in the fall of 1879. A. Koob, one of the prominent men of Grant township, was born in Germany, in 1841, and when twelve years of age he movSd with his parents to America, and settled in Jackson county, Iowa, where he remained until the breaking out of the war. He then enlisted in Company F, Fifth Iowa Volunteer Cavalry, and served in that capacity until 1863. He was in- f HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 691 jiired by a horse falling upon him and was taken to the hospital, where he remained some months. In 1863 he returned to Jackson county, and there remained until the spring of 1872, when be came to Cass county, and located in Grant township, where at that time no timber or, any shrub- ery grew'that could be used. He built a cabin on his farm, in which he lived a short time, when he erected a fine house. He now owns two hundred and forty acres of land on section 6, and is raising large numbers of fine stock. He was married in Jackson county, Iowa, to Mary Van Slike, a native of Kew York. They are the parents of four children— John, Wil- liam, Cynthia and Homer. Mr. Koob is a member of the I. O. O. F., and G. A. R. orders, and of the A. F. and A. M. A. F. Brackman owns two hundred and fifty-five acres of land on section 33, where he now resides, and pays particular atten- tion to- stock raising, such as high graded Short-horned cattle, Poland China hogs, etc. He has some valuable horses, but makes a specialty of raising the above. Mr. Brackman was born in Mason county, Kentucky, on the 8th of February, 1823, his parents being natives of Virginia. When tm) years of age, he removed with his parents to Montgomery county, Indiana, and there remained about eigh- teen years. He there received a common school education, and on coming to Linn county, Iowa, in 1842, commenced teach- ing school, and taught five terms. He then turned his attention to farming, and continued in that occupation. He moved to Cass county in March, 1882, and still makes a specialty of farming and stock raising. He was united in marriage in 1848,' with Parenetta A. Gatt, who died in 1853, leaving four children to battle alone in the world. Mr. Brackman was again married in 1855, to Sarah Carson, a native of Vermont. By their union ten children have been born. Mr. Brackman is a member of the United Brethren church, having joined several years ago. Samuel Allen resides on section 19, Grant township, where he owns a farm of cultivated land, and raises fine stock. He was born in Nottingham, Nottingham- shire, England, in the month of Septem- ber, 1843. His father, John Allen, was a native of England, and died in that country. Samuel received a good school education, and as soon as he became old enough, he was an apprentice with his father, at the trade of wagon-making. He was thus engaged until 1869, when he came to Dane county, Wisconsin, and re- sided near Madison for one year, when lie went into that city, and was engaged in making car trucks for the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad com- pany. He there remained some years, when he came to Cass county, and has since made it his home. He was married while in England, to Sarah A. Hartshorn, a daughter of Lawrence and Sarah (Morris) Hartshorn. They have been blessed with one child — John, who takes charge of the farm, and is working with his father. The family are members of the Episcopal church, and Mr. Allen is a member of the I. O. O. F. lodge, in Mil- waukee, Wisconsin. Charles Brown was born in England, on the 1st of July, 1849, and when four years of age, he came with his parents to America. They located in southern Wis- •r « ll^ 692 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. consin, staying but a short time, and then removed to^Juneau county, same State, where Charles remained until 1869, when he came to Cass county, Iowa, and made his home for over ten years with William Peters, one of the pioneers of this county. He purchased a farm in Grant township, and made many improvements, which has made his farm a beautiful place. His marriage occurred on the 26th of Decem- ber, 1880, toEnphemiaBangham, of Ohio, but when quite young, went to Powe- shiek county, Iowa, and was there reared. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have been blessed with two children — Bessie M., born Octo- ber 20, 1881, and Charles, born on Novem- her 13, 1882, and died February 17, 1883. Mr. Brown was taken from his family on the 6th of February, 1883, after lying for seven months, a helpless invalid, owing to a stroke of paralysis. He was buried in the Evergreen cemetery of Anita. All who knew this honorable and worthy gentleman, were grieved on hearing of his death, for he was always looked upon as one of their best friends and neigh- bors. His family mourn their loss, and are sympathized with by their many friends. Mr. Brown was a member of the Congre- gational church, and his generosity and faithful adherence to duty and justice, were marked features of his character. Charles Baker was born June 26, 1830, in Green Island parish, Canada East. His grandfather immigrated to that country from France. Charles removed to Broome county. New York, in 1849, and there re- ceived his education at Binghamton. He then went to Texas, prospecting, and worked in a saw-mill most of the time there until 1853, when he went to New Orleans. He remained there but a short time, and continued his journey to Cin- cinnati, Ohio, where he was employed for a short time in the marble works. Dur- ing the war he was employed in the quar- termaster's department. After the close of hostilities, he settled in Northumber- land county, Virginia, where he was mar- ried, in 1866, to Sarah A. Denny. They removed to Iowa in the spring of 1839, and settled in Pottawattamie county, and purchased eighty acres of land four miles west of where Griswold now is. From there they removed to Grant township, Cass county, in the spring of 1878, where his wife died the following autumn. They had five children, two of whom, Charles W., the first, and Emma J., the fourth^ are dead; the others are: Mary J., James F. and William H. In September, 1880, he was again united in marriage with Maria Harris, a native of Ohio, and daughter of Israel and Mary Ellen Har- ris. By this union there is one child, Mattie. In 1881 he bought eighty acres of land in section 3, and later, forty acres in section 23, all of which he still owns. The family are prominent members of the Co gregational church. Stephen Beecher came to Cais county in the spring of 1882, and located on sec- tion 32. He raises a large number of sheep and other stock, and is known as one of the best stock-raisers in the town- ship. He was born on the 24th of July, 1817, and is the son of Joel and Eebecca (Hadsell) Beecher. He came west to Page county, Iowa, in 1873, where he was en- gaged in farming about ten years, when he came to Cass county and has since re- sided here. His wife's maiden name was *^if -^1^ 'tt HISTOilY OF CASS COUNTY. 693 Phoebe Tuttle, and by whom he has had six cliildren, four of whom are now living: Francis, dead; Samuel, Harriet, dead; Sarah, Emily and Walter. Mr. Beeeher IS a member of the Congregational church. BA.ILBOAD COLLISION. The westward bound express train col- lided with a freight at about half-past six o'clock, on the morning of June 21, 1876, about half a mile west of Anita, in Grant township. The collision i& said to have been caused by a difference be- tween the conductors' watches. The two engines were badly wrecked. No one was hurt, but as several cars of stock were carried by the freight train, they suffered considerably, killing some out- right. OEGANIC. The territory now known as Grant township, constituted a part of what was called Lura township, in an early day. This county was organized by order of the county court, at the March term of 1858, in response to a petition which had been presented. The election warrant was issued to Dr. G. S. Morrison, as or- ganizing officer, and the first election for township officers took place at his house, on the 5th of April, 1858. The following were the first officers chosen: David Glas- gow, Meredith Rowland and Henry Mc- Dermott, trustee; J. B. McDermott, clerk. In the latter part of 1865, the name of the township was changed to Grant. In 1870 the board of supervisors reorganized the county, making the lines of the civil town- ship to conform to those of the congres- sional or survey ones, and Grant had an election at Morrison's school house, for the election of township officers. Thomas Burns was the organizing constable. The following were chosen to fill the positions named: J. C. Morrison, Edward Griffith, William Peters, trustees; William L. Cole, clerk; A. J. Everett, assessor; R. W. Calkins and C. D. Bartlett, justices of the peace; I. A. McKinley and P. Albee, con- stables; William Wallace, C. J. Decker and I. A. McKinley, road supervisors. The present officers are: H. O. Hull, I. A. McKinley and A. 6. Conley, trustees; J. E. Bruce,clerk; Henry Moore, assessor; L. P. Frost and O. D. Bartlett, justices; J. B. Turner and H. C. Lighter, consta- bles. FIRST ITEM. The first nursery in Grant township was set out by L. C. Frost. EDUCATIONAL. The first school house erected in Grant township was on section 8, near the old stage station kept by Dr. Morrison. In 1873, the building was removed to the town of Anita, where it was used as a saloon for some time. It is now occupied by C. E. Townsend as a lumber office. The first school in the township was also, undoubtedly, taught in this building. It was also used for a number of years in which to hold religious services, and the old Union Sunday School, now known as the Congregational Sunday School, of Anita, was organized therein at an early day. The present school board of Grant township is composed of the following gentlemen: H. C. Bangham, president; W. J. Romick, secretary; A. Koob, treas- urer; E. G. Hepler, H. C. Bangham, S. A. A* 'k 694 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Shaw, Benjamin Wagner, P. F. Ander- son, A. Koob and W. P. Main, directors. School District No. 1, is comprised of sections 29, 30, 31 and 32. The school house is situated on the southeast corner of section 30, and on the main wagon road to the county seat of Cass, with the C. R. I. & P. railroad passing by the door. Carrie McKinley teaches the winter term of ] 884-5 in this building. School district No. 2, embraces sections 25, 26, 35 and 36. The first school in the district was taught at the residence of D. C. Kellogg, on section 26, during the winter of 1876-7, by S. W. Scott. In the summer of 1877, a house was erected on the northeast corner of section 35, which cost about $400. The first teacher in this building was Maggie Harrison. Cora Dabney is the present teacher. The school house in district No. 3 is sit- uated on the southeast corner of section 14. W. N. Doty is the present teacher in this building. The district is comprised of sections 13, 14, 23 and 24. The house in district No. 4, is situated on the southeast quarter of section 2, was erected in the summer of 1879, at a cost of about $370. School was held in the district several years pi-ior to this, in another building. G. W. Brady is the present teacher in this district, which is comprised of sections 1, 2; 11 and 12. School district No. 5, was organized in December, 1876, and in the summer of 1877 a school house was erected on the northwest quarter of section 10, which cost about $400. The first school taught in this building was by Emma Smith, the present teacher being Nancy Kirkham. JBefore a school house was erected in this district, Clara Smith taught a term of school in the fall of 1876, at the residence • of A. B. McGrew, This district now em- braces sections 3, 4, 9 and 10. The school house in district No. 6 was erected in the summer of 1875,on the south- east corner of the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 6, at a cost of $615. Mrs. S. Scott was the pioneer teacher in this building, while Dallas Reed is the present teacher. Prior to the erection of this house a school was taught in this district by Mr. S. N. Scott, at the house of Anthony Koob. At present the district comprises sections 5, 6, 7, and 8. School district No. 7, embraces sections 17, 18, 19 and 20, and was organized in January, 1880. In the summer of this year a school house was erected on the southwest corner of section 17, with Anna C. Brown,, present teacher. The first term of school in the district was taught at the house of George Wain wright in the fall of 1879. TOWN or ANITA. This place is pleasantly situated in the central part of the township, on sections 21 and 28. The town site was the proper- ty of Lewis Beason, who caused it to be surveyed and platted in 1869, but in 1870, he disposed of it to Frank H. Whitney, B. F. Allen and John P- Cook, by whom it was filed for record, on the 10th of November, 1870. To this original plat, two additions have been made, one, filed for record by F. H. Whitney, on the 24th of September, 1874, and, the other by Norman Haskins, on the 13lh of March, 1879. The town came to be called Anita in this way: One day in the summer of "Ti; 1^ ^li^. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTF, 695 1869, a number of railroad officials were taking dinner at Lewis Beason's house (which stands on an eminence right in the town) when the subject of the new station and its probable name was being dis- cussed. The railroad men proposed to call it Beason, but that gentle'man, oat of modesty, objected. Mrs. Beason suggest- ed that the town be called Anita, in hon- or of her niece, Anita Cowles, of San Francisco. The subject was then dropped, but soon afterward Mr. Beason was in- formed by the railroad officials that Mrs. Beason's suggestion had been adopted and the town had been christened Anita. The name is Spanish, and should be pro- nounced as though spelled with an e in- stead of an i, thus: An-e-ta. Translated it means "little Anna." The present busy town owes its incep- tion and present prosperity in a large measure to the Chicago, Kock Island and Pacific railroad, which came through here in 1868. The following year it was de- termined to put in a station at this point, and the town was laid out as above men- tioned. For beauty of situation, and neatness of surroundings it has no peer in the county. Comfortable residences crown the gentle knolls or hillocks upon which the town is built, and are surround- ed by beautiful lawns and gardens, while thousands of trees rest over the whole. MUNICIPAL. The city of Anita was incorporated on the loth of June, 1875, and the following were elected the first officers of the new city: Edwin Gate, mayor; Martin Bach, J. P. James, H. C. Saunders, Charles Young and George Todd, trustees; Martin ^S Bach, treasurer and collector. The first ordinance was passed on the Ist of July, 1875, and was in relation to sidewalks. The present officers (1884) are as follows: H. C. Lighter, mayor; C. M. Myers, treas- urer; J. E. Bruce, recorder; J. P. James, A. S. Culver, J. Leasure, C. D. Bartlett and Edwin Cate, councilmen or trustees. FIRST HOUSE. The first dwelling house erected on the the town site, after the laying out of the plat, was put up by C. D. Bartlett;, in the spring of 1S69. This he ran as a boarding house for about a year and a half, when he built the hotel,as mentioned in another place. BUSINESS MATTERS AND MEN. The first general merchandise store in Anita was opened by Keith, Cate and Company, on the 2(ith of June, 1869, with a stock of goods in all lines, in a building on the corner of Chestnut and Main streets. In the following year, the firm name was changed to that of Cate and Hamlin, and in 1874, they removed to the building now owned by E. Cate. In 1877, Mr. Hamlin withdrew from the firm and the business has been since continued by Mr. Cate alone, who carries a large and complete stock of goods, in all the lines usually kept in general merchandise stores. Edwin Cate, the pioneer merchant and one of Anita's most influential citizens, is a native of the "Empire State," having been born on the 6th day of November, 1831, in Orleans county, New York. He is the son of James and Margaret (Stancil) Cate the former a native of New Hamp- shire, the latter of New York. Soon after ^ J. ^ /a _ 696 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. -^ his marriage, James Gate located in Or- leans county, where he resided until 1838, when he emigrated to Van Buren county, Michigan, heing among the pioneers of that region. Edwin was at the time of this removal about seven years of age, and spent his early life among the woods of the, then, almost pathless wilderness. He grew to manhood and saw the country settle up, until, what they had found in a state of nature in the wildest mood, had grown into a state of highest cultivation. In 1852, Edwin was united in marriage with Martha Fuller, a daughter of Cyrenus Fuller, a native of Sew York, and one of the early settlers of Michigan. In the spring of 1869, Mr. Gate came to Iowa, bringing with him his widowed mother, his father having died in 1858 or 1859, and located at Hamlin's Grove, in Audubon county, where he entered into the mer- cantile trade. On the laying out of the town of Anita, in 1869, Mr. Gate removed thither, and in company with O. C. Keith, opened the first general merchandise store in the place, and has ever since held the position of leading merchant in that town. He was honored by his fellow citizens by being elected the first mayor of Anita, and has held other local ofiices of trust and responsibility. When Mr. Gate came here this was a wild country and perhaps there is not one other man in the eastern part of Gass county who has done so much to develop the resources, and lend a help- ing hand to those who have made Cass county what it is. Truly it may be said, without flattery of Mr. Gate, that he has been identified with the interests of Anita, with the interests of Gass county, from the time of his settlement here, and is considered as one of the most prosperous and trusted citizens. He has had seven children.three of whom are living — Prank, May and Harry. In the early part of 1869, John More- land opened a small grocery store, where he remained a few years, when he became financially embarrassed, failed, and left the county. The next who adventured in business, at this point, was John Morrison, who opened a store of the same general char- acter, in 1871. He remained in business for some years, when he disposed of it to Gates Bros. Previous to his misfortunes, John More- land opened a general merchandise store, but in a very short time, he disposed of it to Gormack and Mosher, who in turn sold out to Mr. Davenport. They afterwards sold to Lattig Bros., and it has since be- came P. Lattig and Sons. The general merchandise trade is represented at pres- ent by the following firms: Edwin Gate, Gates Bros., P. Lattig and Sons, Worth- ing Bros, arid Leasure. The grocery business is well represent- ed in Anita by J. B. McGrew and L. M. Bosely. They both carry a large stock of groceries, which would do credit to places of much greater population. J. B. McGrew, grocer, was born in Jef- ferson county, Ohio, December 9, 1829. His parents were Jacob B. and Martha (Davis) McGrew, natives of Montgomery county, where they were married in 1818, and two children were born to them. From Pennsylvania they removed to Jef- ferson county, Ohio, where eleven more children were born. Jefferson county was then a wilderness. There they took *^' ^jp* J^t »t ^. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 697 up land, and made a farm. They were Quakers, and lived and died in that faith. J^cob B. McGrew was an old line Wliig, and took an active interest in the under- ground railroad, assisting many a poor colored man to gain his liberty. lie went to Canada to assist in opening schools for the colored race, in which laudable enter- prise he was aided by his son J. B. In the spring of 1848 he removed to Knox county, and in 1859 to Marshall county, Iowa, where he spent the remainder of his life. His death occurred September 27, 1871. His wife died in Legrand, Feb- ruary 26, 1865. The subject of this sketch was reared in the wilderness, receiving his early education in the pioneer schools of his native county. He was a school- mate and personal friend of William Windom. In the spring of 1858 he was married to Harriet Loofbourow, a daughter of .Tohn W. Loofbourow. Eight children were born to them, five of whom are liv- ing—Frank P., Mary E., James L., Nellie G. and C. Arthur. In 1858 he Came to Iowa, entered a farm in Marshall county, and engaged in farming. In 1869 he came to Cass county, and embarked in mercan- tile business in Atlantic, which he contin- ued five years, and then engaged in ship- ping stock. He remained in Atlantic until 1879, when he purchased a farm in Grant township, this county. In April, 1884, he commenced the grocery business in Anita, where he is at present engaged in trade. He carries a stock valued at twenty-five hundred dollars. Mr. McGrew came to the State in limited circumstances, but by industry and wise management has acquired a large property, and to-day ranks among the well-to-do business men of the county. He is politically a Re- publican, and his first vote was cast for John P. Hale, the Free-soil candidate for the presidency. Mrs. McGrew is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal church. L. M. Bosley is a native of Alleghany county, Maryland, and was born March 1, 1825, He is a son of John and Rebecca (Rice) Bosley, natives of Maryland. They were the parents of three children, two sons and one daughter. They resided upon a farm in their native State until their death. L. M. Bosley, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Maryland. His parents' death occurred when he was a small boy, and he was brought up by a man named Frederick Rice, with whom he remained until eighteen years old. In 1843 he was married to Louisa Welch, a daughter of William Welch, of Pennsyl- vania. Mr. and Mrs. Bosley have six children — William, Clara, Mary E., Lor- enzo, Elmira and Bertha. In 1862 Mr. Bosley went to Lee county, Illinois, near Amboy, where he lived four years, then went to Iowa City. He came to Anita in August, 1874, since which he has been a resident of this city. He is engaged in the grocery and restaurant business. In 1876 he met with a serious accident, his team running away with him and breaking his left arm in two places, crushing his ankles and otherwise injuring him. He has never, since then, fully regained his health. The pioneer drug store was established in the fall of 1870, by Doctor V. D.Rood, at that time, as at present, a practicing physician of the town. This he sold out to John Sherman, who disposed of it to J. E. Sansom and Company. •:?\\ T. « fk. :±=A^ 698 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. This line of trade is represented, at present, by the firms of J. E. Sansom and Company, and Elverton E. Major. The first hardware store, exclusively devoted to that liiie, was instituted by S. 0. Rood and Company, who are the present proprietors of the largest store of this kind in the place. The business has also representatives in the firms of W. G. King, and H. M. Clark and Company. Mrs. S. J. Moseley opened the first mil- linery and dressmaking establishment in Anita. Beason and Calkins opened the first lumber yard in Anita, in 1869, and ran the same for two years, when they sold out to J. P. James. The business, now, has able representatives in the persons of R. D. Vernon and E. S. Hoyt. Beason and Calkins were also the first dealers in agricultural machinery in the^ town, entering into that line in 1870. The business in machinery for the uses of .agriculture is divided among three houses, viz: S. C. Rood and Company, H. O. Hull and Company, and W. G. King. H. O. Hull was born in Grant county, Wisconsin, February 20, 1842. He is a son of H. O. Hull, of Monroe county, Illinois, who was born in 1800, and Char- lotte (Owens) Hull, a native of Ohio, born in 1818. By this union there was a family of six sons and five daughters. They settled about 1840, in Grant county, Wisconsin, where he engaged in mining. They remained in the mining districts of Galena and Dubuque nine years. In ] 849 they removed to Delaware county, Iowa, where he was killed by a runaway team in 1870. The subject of this sketch went to Delaware county with his parents and was there reared upon a farm. His education was obtained in a log school house, with puncheon floors and slabs for seats. He was married in the fall of 1862 to T. M. Scovel, by whom he had eight children, five of whom are living — Lillie, wife of C. L. Calkins, of Anita; Mary, Nancy, Thomas and Arthur. Mr. Hull settled, after his marriage, in Clay- ton county, Iowa, and remained until 1868, then removed to Polk county. In the fall of 1876 he settled in Anita and embarked in the stock business, which he has since followed. Soon after his arri- val, he purchased a half interest in the business of G. W. Chafa. This firm pur- chased from one hundred and fifty to two hundred car loads of stock yearly. Mr. Hull commenced business in very limited circumstances and has by hard work acquired a competence. He handles Walter A. Woods' and McCormick reapers, J. I. Case threshers, Moline and Studebaker wagons, buggies, and every- thing that is generally to be found in a first-class agricultural house. The wagon and carriage building estab- lishment of Seaborn Moore, the principal industrial work of the village, was opened by their present owner in 1880, and by ability, skill and strict attention to bus- iness, has worked np a large and con- stantly increasing trade. He manufac- tures all kinds of vehicles; among others, farm and lumber wagons, Dexter twin- spring buggies, etc. Mr. Moore is the inventor and patentee of the Anita iron wagon stake, one of the neatest and best applications of that metal for the pur- pose, in use, and will entirely supercede the old wooden contrivance, now used. ,jj HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 699 ik Seaborn Moore is a native of Wayne county, Indiana, and was born August 10, 18!i3. His parents. Seaborn and Rachel (Stubbs) Moore, were natives of North Carolina. During the war of 1812, Sea- born Moore, Sr., was drafted, but was unable to go. They were married in Ohio, and about 1832 removed to Wayne county, Indiana. Eleven children were born to them, ten of whom are living. Id 1839 they removed to Tazewell county, and in the spring of 1846 to Jones county, Iowa. They afterward removed to Dallas county, where both parents afterwards died. The su>iject of this sketch, in early life, learned the trade of carpenter and joiner. In August, 1862, he enlisted in company K, of the Twenty- fourth Iowa Volunteer Infantry. Soon after enlisting, he went to Muscatine, Iowa, and thence to Helena, Arkansas. He participated in the engagements at Port Gibson, Champion Hill, Vicksburg and others. In June, 1863, he was taken sick and sent to the hospital, at Memphis, Tennessee, where he remained three months. He then received a thirty days' furlough, at the expiration of which time he went to Davenport, Iowa, and there served the balance of his term. After the war he went to Jones county and soon after took up the wagon maker's trade. He remained there two years, then went to Anamosa, where he re- mained one year, then removed to Mount Carroll. He resided in the latter place ten years. He was married to Emma Christman, a daughter of Lewis Christ- man, of Mount Carroll. They have three children — Viola, Hiram and Erastus. John B. Allen was the first stock buyer of Anita, commencing in that line of trade at this point, at the beginning of the vil- lage. The business is represented, now, by D. W. Faulkner, Henry O. Hull, John- son Brothers, and John B. Allen. Lewis Beason shipped the first car load of stock, at Anita, in 1869. John B. Allen shipped the first car load of wheat from the place, and received the first car load which was ever shipped to the town. The car was loaded with salt. S. J. Applegate, of Atlantic, built the first grain warehouse in Anita in 1870-71. The grain, business of Anita is repre- sented at present, by the following firms: Denton and Son, T. T. and J. L. Dow, Oilman and Hancock, and R. Davis and Son. John Waters established the pioneer livery stable in Anita, in 1875, and the following year it was purchased by H. C. Lighter, the present owner. H. C. Lighter, mayor of Anita, was born in Morgan county, Illinois, July 12, 1844. He is a son of Andrew andNacy Padgett, who were the parents of eight children, five sons and three daughters. In 1842 or 1843, they left their home in Kentucky and located in Morgan county, Illinois, where they engaged in farming. In 1846 they removed to Iowa, and settled in Ma- haska county. The subject of this sketch received a common school education. In 1862 he enlisted in Company E, of the One Hundred and First Illinois Infantry, and was detailed at Grant's headquarters, as messenger boy. He was at Vicksburg, Lookout Mountain and Pea Ridge. He was taken sick and sent to Holly Springs, where he, with thirteen hundred others, was taken prisoner. Soon after he was .tr- -*t 700 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. paroled and sent to St. Louis, where he was exchanged. In the spring of 1864, he was discharged on account of disability. He returned home and for one year was confined to his bed. Mr. Ligliter was married in 1869, to Haltie Libby, daugh- ter of Jerry Libby, of Mahaska county, and one of its earlies settlers. By this union there were three children — Effie May, Edwin C. and Henrietta. In 1870, Mr. Lighter came to Cass county and lo- cated in Franklin township, where he- took up land and made a farm. He removed to Anita in 1876. He has held many local offices of trust and is the present mayor of the city. He is a member of the Obe- dience Lodge, No. 380, and a Master Mason. BANKS. The bank of Anita was established in July, 1876, by C. M. Myers, as sole pro- prietor, and has been continued by him ever since. He does a general banking business, having correspondents in New York, Chicago and DesMoines, and buys and sells exchar ge on all foreign coun- tries. For the security of the funds en- trusted to him, and his own protection, he has one of the best vaults in this section, and a Hall fire and burglar-proof safe. Mr. Myers is a thorough businessman and highly respected by all who know him. EXCHANGE BANK. This monetary institution was estab- lished in October, 1883, with J. B. Hen- shaw as cashier. It was only operated" until February 15, 1884, when it was re- moved to Manning. HOTELS. The old stage station of Lewis Beason, was kept as a boarding house by Jonathan Gates, in 1870 and 1871, and was the only house of entertainment in the village. C. D. Bartlett, came here from Illinois, in 1869, and in 1871 put up a hotel, which he called the Anita House, and which he ran for many years. C. D. Bartlett is a native of Franklin county, Massachusetts, born March 5, 1 828. He is a son of Chester and Sophia (Pulsi- fer) Bartlett, were also natives of Frank- lin county, and the parents of three chil- dren, two daughters and one son. Ches- ter Bartlett was a shoemaker by trade and followed that business for many years. In .1843 he left Massachusetts for the, then, far west. He located in Hennepin, Putnam county, Illinois,where he engaged in the boot and shoe trade. He died in that county in 1850, aged sixty-one years. He was a firm supporter of the Democatic party and cast his first vote for Jackson, for president. The subject of this sketch obtained his education in the common schools of his native State. He was mar- ried March 17, 1S50, to Mary J. Sandham, who died in 1865,at Heiinepin,Illinois. By this union there were two children — Mary A., now the wife of A. K. Cassel, of Lawn Ridge, Marshall county, Illinois, and Liz- zie, of Hennepin, Illinois. Mr. Bartlett was again married in the spring of 1867, to Mrs. Araminta (Boone) McMahon, widow of James McMahon. In the spring of 1869, Mr. Bartlett came to Anita, Cass county, and built the first house in the place after the location of the town. He kept a boarding house one and a half years, then built the Anita House, which was the first hotel of the town. He is at present engaged in the insurance business. He has held the office of justice of the ^1 y^L HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 701 peace eight years and is also a notary. Mr. Bartlett came to the county at an early day, when the country was new and the prairie unbroken, and has witnessed its transformation into a populous and wealthy community. The Whitney House was built during the summer of ]878, by Frank H. Whit- ney, the proprietor of the town plat, and the present banker of Atlantic. It is in size thirty by seventy feet, three stories high, and is a well finished frame struct- ure. F. M. Buckles was the first latid- lord. He has been followed by M. Bach, E. A. Stone and the present host, D. O. Flint. The pioneer physician of Anita, was V. D. Kbod, who located at that place in 1810. There are now in the town, besides the doctor, several other physicians, all of whom are mentioned in the chapter devoted to the medical fraternity of the county. The pioneer blacksmith shop was opened by H. C. Sau' ders, a native of Pennsylvania, who is still a resident of this burg, although engaged in other busi- ness. This shop was the second building erected in the town, and the forge was lighted in 1869. This business is now represented by J. C. Williams. Mr. Williams is a native of Erie county. New York, born in 1840. He followed farming in his native county until twenty- three years old. In 1854 he came to Iowa, and located in Jones county, where he be- came acquainted with Margaret Cartright, to whom he was married, January 23, 1861. By this union there were six chil- dren — Mary, Jennie and Lena, who died young; Warner, who was known as the "Iowa Giant baby," weighing at birth, seven pounds, and who died at the age of six years, seven months and three days, weighing two hundred pounds, and was four feet, ten inches in height, and forty- eight inches around his breast. He was an active boy and always healthy. His death was caused by a bad cold settling on his lungs. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have but two children living — Harry and How- ard. In 1878 Mr. Williams settled in Atlantic, Cass county, and engaged in blacksmitliing. He came to Anita in 1881, and has since been a resident of that city. Mr. Williams is one of the pioneers of the Slate, and a man of per- severance as well as genius and ability., He patented the diamond harrow in 1875, also the Eureka reversible harrow, both of which have come into general use. Jersey Spring Creamery, Gate Brothers proprietors, situated one-half mile west of Anita, on their farm. They commenced operations in the spring of 1881, and built a creamery, eighteen by thirty-six. feet, and have it finely equipped. The cost of this, including the machinery,wa8 1500. The capacity is one thousand five hundred pounds per day, but as they do not buy any cream, they only manufacture two hundred pounds per week, but this is the product of their own Jersey cows, and their make of butter cannot be sur- passed by that of any creamery in the country. Cate Brothers own stock farms, one of one hundred and six acres, one-half mile west of Anita, and the other ninety- six acres, a little north. These farms are well adapted to the rearing of stock, both having running water and under a high state of cultivation. John and B. C. r « fc- 702 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Cate, in 1879, bought the land and com- menced the enterprise, and in 1881, S. M. Cate bought in and gave the business more of a basis and impetus, so that they raise now, and ship two car loads of cattle each season, of their own raising. In 1880 they purchased a Jersey bull in Earl- ham, Dalla.s county, with which they bred the grades, and afterwards a Holstein bull, at a cost of $300, one year old, weighing nine hundred pounds, with which they are producing some of the finest stock to be found in the country. They are making rapid strides to furnish to the people here a quality of cattle, whereby tliey need not be compelled to go to a foreign market for these breeds. Their buildings are convenient and roomy and will be enlarged as their future use may require. Benjamin C. Cate was born in New Hampshire, in Merrimac county, sixteen miles north of Concord. The date of his birth being October 18, 1849. He is a son of Miles H. Cate and Sarah (Sergeant) Cate. flis first removal was to Henry county, Illinois. Settling here, he took charge of S. F. Oilman's stock farm two years, which gave him ideas of western stock raising, however before coming he had been engaged in stock extensively in New Hampsliire. Upon coming to Cass county, he found the opening here a good one, and is one of Cass county's stock men and enterprising citizens. He was united July 4, 1872, with Ella T. Robin- son, a native of New Hampshire, and daughter of E. W. Robinson, a farmer in that Slate. He is a member of the Con- gregational church, and in politics, he favors the Democratic party. STBAM FLOUEING MILL. The Pearl grist mill, at Anita, was erected by Jacob Kuhn, in 1877, at a cost of about $5,000. It consists of a main building 24x40 feet on the ground, to which are attached two additions, each twelve feet square. It is equipped with machinery of the most improved kind, and has three run of buhrs. It has the capacity of turning out eighty barrels of first-class flour, every twenty-four hours. The power is derived from a first-class en- gine, of thirty horse power. The mill is now owned by S. C. Rood and company, but is under the management of A. S. Culver, who has had charge for the last four years. The mill is doing a most ex- cellent business, both in custom work and merchant grinding, and is one of the leading industries of the town. A. S. Culver, miller, was born in St. Lawrence county. New York, October 3, 1841. He is a son of Lemuel and Pa- tience (Simonds) Culver, natives of Ver- mont, who located in St. Lawrence county where they reared a family of five chil- dred, three sons and two daughters. Lem- uel Culver was a farmer and remained in St. Lawrence county until his death, whicli occurred in 1879. He was a mem- ber of the Baptist church. A. S. Culver was reared upon a farm, and when seven- teen years of age, was apprenticed to a miller to learn the trade. He served three years and received for his servixies two hundred and fifty dollars. In 1863 he enlisted in the United States navy under the command of Commodore Parker. He served until the close of the war. In 1866 he was married to Celesta Rose, daughter of D. P. Rose of St. Lawrence Vi»- iir LliL HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. V03 county. Mr. and Mrs. Culver have three children — Vernon, Genivieve and Emma. Vernon is now a student at the Agricultu- ral college at Amep. Mr. Culver came to Iowa in 1812 but soon after went to Oma- ha, where he was engaged in a mill eight years. In 1880 he came to Anita where he has since remained. He is a member of the G. A. R. POTATOES. One of the leading businesses of Anita is the buying and shipping of this escu- lent. In 1 876, Daniel W. Faulkner, em- barked in this line of trade and has con- tinued at it ever since. It has been a specialty for the last five years, and does an immense trade in that vegetable. In 1883, he shipped twenty-eight car loads to Wichita, Kansas, alone, and the entire shipments of one year often exceed aliun- dred car loads. His principal markets are in the south, and in Denver, Colorado, although he ships some to Chicago and New York. Mr. Faulkner, alone, pays out some fifteen to twenty-five thousand dollars every year, to the farmers of this vicinity for this vegetable. He has a storage cellar which is capable of holding some 6000 bushels, which is often filled to repletion. POST OFFICB. The post office at Anita was established in 1869, and Lewis Season commissioned the first postmaster. Tiiis lie did not long retain, but in 1870, resigned it and was succeeded by M. Hach. In 1873, under the administration of the latter, it was made a money order office, the first order being issued to George Sessions, and was made payable to Shepard and company, of Battle Creek, Michigan, and was for the sum of $15.35. Mr. Bach continued as postmaster until 1878, when he was succeeded by H. Ward, the present in- cumbent. The office ranks as one of the fourth class. Harvey Ward, the postmaster of Anita, was born in Genoa, Cayuga county New York. He grew to manhood in his native State, receiving a common school educa- tion. In 1866 he came to Iowa and loca- ted in Johnson county, where he remained until 1873. He then came to Anita. He received the appointment of postmaster in 1878, a position which he has filled since then, to the satisfaction of all. Mr. Ward was married in 1864, to Henrietta M. Brown, a daughter of Captain Daniel Brown, of New York. Mrs. Ward died in 1879 leaving one son — Dana B , who now is assistant postmaster under his father. Mr. Ward was again married in 1883, to Miss L. A. Allman, a native of Ohio. Politically he is a Republican and one of the ardent supporters of his party OTHER KKPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS. Colonel George D. Hendricks, son of Captain David E. Hendricks, one of the first permanent settlers of Eaton, Preble county, Ohio, and the builder of the sec- ond house in the village, had a large ex- perience of frontier life. Captain Hen- dricks was born at Middletowu Point, Monmouth county, New Jersey, June 15, 1765. His father, grandfather, and sev- eral others of the family, emigrated from Holland to the British colonies in Amer- ica, early in the seventeenth century, and through energy and foresight, acquired property and position in their adopted home. .Captain Hendricks was a hero of two wars, and a pioneer who passed *^^ '^ 704 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. through the most rigid trials that beset the rugge J.path of life. All honor to him and to the noble class of which he was so high a type. Captain Hendricks settled at Camden in 1803, and remained until William Brace laid out Eaton, where he shortly afterward moved and resided un- til his death, which occurred in 1845. Colonel Hendricks was born within the present town site of Camden, on the 3d of October, 1805, and came with his father to Eaton as a babe in arras. As he grew up he acquired, for the time, a good education, which he constantly improved by reading and observation, until he was, without doubt, as well-informed as any man then in the county. "■ During the years of liis early manhood he taught school, lectured on English grammar, gave instructions in writing, and at the same time kept up a diligent course of self-improvement. By the partiality of approving friends, he entered the field of politics, for which he was well-fitted by the variety of his knowledge, his unlim- ited understanding of human nature, and the possession of nearly all those qualities which combine to render a man popular. He was first elected auditor of the county, then sheriff, representative three times, and finally State senator. His military title of general was conferred by the General Assembly of his native State, superinduced, no doubt, by his military services in Texas with General Houston and A. Sidney Johnson, during the Texan Revolution in 1830-7. When not en- gaged in political affairs, Colonel Hen- dricks followed agriculture and dealing in lands. He seemed to possess remark- able foresight in conducting the latter business, and had, at one time, acquired a large property, but through the unsus- pecting qualities of his riature and his de- sire to constantly assist others, he was financially ruined. The payment of se- curity debts reduced his large means to a mere pittance, and in his old age he was obliged, or at least considered it necessary, to begin anew, and did so, opening a land agency in the west, which he has con- ducted with much of the energy and activity characteristic of him in his early years. He has succeeded in establishing a good business. Colonel Hendricks is in many ways a very remarkable and estimable man. He possesses a strong will and a cheery elas- sicity of nature, which have enabled him to bear up under adverse circumstances, and to recover from misfortune under which most men would become despond- ent. He is of a genial and hopeful dis- position, and h"as lent great encourage- ment to others by the sturdy healthful- ness of his own nature. He has always been noted for his practical benevolence, and has done a vast deal of good by be- stowing such gifts as were within his power upon the worthy poor, as well as by encouraging the improvement and pro- gress of individuals by his words. Socially he has been looked upon as a model of geniality and good humor, and being a fine conversationalist, has ever been a favorite and one of the leaditig spirits in whatever circle he has mingled. Colonel Hendricks was married September 4, 1839, to Almira Harbaugh. The off- spring of this union, were ten children. William Chambers, agent for the Chi- cago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad -f Ml i^ HISTORY OF CASS COFNTT. 705 company, was born in Muscatine county, Iowa, October 22, 1858. His parents, James and Margaret (Langhlin)~Cliam- bers, were born in Scotland. The subject of this sketch, when quite young, went to Philadelphia and remained until 1865, then returned to Muscatine county. In 1868 he came with his parents to Adair, where they kept boarding house for the men employed upon the railroad. In 1869 his parents came to Anita and here he received his education in the pioneer schools. He was first employed by the railroad company when a mere boy, to pump water, and was afterward sent to Council Blnifs, where he was employed at the same business. January 12, 1880, he was appointed station agent for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad at Exira, where he remained until the 4th of July, 1882. He was then trans- ferred to Wiota, and on July 21, 1884, he received the appointment of the Anita office. Mr. Chambers was married Octo- ber 31, 1881, to Laura Pearson, a daugh- ter of L. D. Pearson, of Benton town- ship, Cass county. They have one child —Harry. Mr. Chambers is a Royal Arch Mason and a member of Ophir lodge, No. 84. He is a young man who holds a responsible position, of which he may well be proud, due as it is to his own industry and energy, H. C. Saunders, real estate agent, was born in Columbia county, Pennsylvania, on the 7th day of February, 1841. He is a son of Elias and Mary (Chambers) Saunders, natives of New Jersey, who, in an early day, settled in Columbia county, where they resided for many years. H. C, the subject of this sketch, at the age 44 of sixteen years, was apprenticed to the trade of blacksmilhing, receiving dur- ing the period of his apprenticeship twenty dollars per year and board. Sub- sequently he followed his trade a portion of the time and taught school winters. In 1861 he enlisted in company K, of the One Hundred and Sixth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and received the appointment of sergeant. He partici- pated in the battle of Bull Run, and was with McCIellan up to the time of the siege of Yorktown, when he was taken sick and sent to the hospital at Alex- andria, lie was discharged from the hospital in August, 1862, and returned to Pennsylvania. In 1863 he went to Illinois and settled in Bureau .county, and in 1869 came to Atlantic, Cass county. Iowa. In the fall of 1869 he came to Anita, which then contained one dwelling house and one hotel, and opened the first blacksmith shop. He continued in that business five years, when, on account of failing health, he was compelled to aban- don it. Since that time he has been spec- ulating in lands. He owns five hundred and eighty acres of land, valued at twen- ty-five dollars per acre. In 1869 Mr. Saunders was married to Miss H. Powell. By this union four children were born Richard, deceased, H., Roy E. and Julia. Mr. Saunders has been identified with Cass county for years and has seen the wild prairies transformed into beautiful farms, and the cabin of the pioneer replaced by substantial and comfortable dwellings. He came here in very limited circumstances, but by energy and industry he has succeeded in accumulating a com- petency. In 1866 he crossed the plains ^^ ii. 706 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. in company with William Bennett, Hor- ace Rogers, John Strouck and Floyd Corson. They stai-ted on the 8th day of Api"il, and were eighty-nine days on the road. They then went to Diamond City and engaged in mining a short time. He went from there to Fort Benton, where he remained until fall engaged in boat building. He built a skifE large enough to hold three men and provisions, and in it started down the river, traveling twen- ty-three hundred miles, and arriving at Omaha after twenty-eight and one-half days. The Missouri river was then lined with wild Indians and the trip was a per- ilous undertaking. Samuel K. Lewis, retired farmer, is a native of Hamilton county, Ohio, born January 11, 1826. His parents, Isaac and Rachel (Kennedy) Lewis were natives of Vermont. When young people they re- moved to Ohio. They were the parents of nine children, six sons and three daugh- ters, seven of whom are now living. In the early settlement of the State they took up land and made a farm. In 1835, they removed to Ripley county, Indiana, where the father died in 1858. The mother died in 1867. They were mem- bers of the Dunkard church, and took an active interest in the service of that de- nomination. Samuel K. Lewis was reared a farmer, and received a limited educa- tion. In 1848 he was married to Docia White, of Virginia, by whom he had two children — Bluford, born November 22, 1849, and died in Jackson county, Janu- ary 30, 1865, and Rachel, now the wife of' Watson Budd, born October 16, 1852. Mr. Lewis arrived in Iowa, March 16, 1859, and located in Jackson county, near Bell- vue. Here he purchased two hundred and six acres of land, and followed farming until 1875. He then removed to Cass county and embarked in farming. In 1879 he came to Anita, where he has since lived a retired life. Mr. Lewis came to Iowa a poor man, but by energy and close attention to business has suc- ceeded in accumulating a competency. Mr. Lewis is a Master Mason and a mem- ber of Obedience Lodge No. 380. L. P. Frost, an early settler of Cass county, was born April 13, 1818, in Cay- liuga county, Ohio. His parents emigrat- ed to Marshall county, Illinois, in 1836, and took a section of land, remaining there until 1841, when they removed to Johnson county, Iowa. The subject of this skettih came to this State previous to the family. The country was at tliattime a wild and desolate region inhabited prin- cipally by Indians. Mr. Frost went to work at the carpenter's trade, and after- terwards read law. He was engaged in practicing law for many years. He came to Anita in 1872, where he has since re- sided. He has held different local offices and is at present justice of the peace. Mr. Frost was married in Marshall county, Illinois, to Caroline W. White. They are the parents of two children — Bell 0., now the wife of S. N. Gate, and Adelia W., wife of J. C. Calkins. Mr. Frost is a Knight Templar, of many years' standing. He is a member of the M. E. church. Mrs. Frost died August 10, 1878, a sincere Christian, and highly respected. BDUCATIONAL. The pioneer school in the rising village of Anita, was taught by E. E. Major, in 1869. This was in a building owned by rai ^iv" h5s5 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 707 .k Frank H. Whitney, and which was the only public building in the town, and was used for all meetings of a public nature. Here gathered the few mischievous urch- ins of the town, to be shown the way of knowledge, and many of them can well remember the village schoolmaster, that led their stumbling feet, along the thorny path. "And oft the busy whisper, circling round, Conveyed the dismal tidings when he frowned." The present fine school house in Anita was erected in 1882, at a cost of $3,300. Miss Anna Griffith taught the first school in the new house. The independent school district of Anita was organized at an election which was held on the 13th of March, 1876, and em- braces sections 15, 16, 21, 22, 27, 28, 33 and 34, of Grant township. The first school board, elected on the 3l8t of March, 1876, comprises the following gentlemen: L. P. Frost, president; E. Davis, secre- tary ; John Moreland, treasurer ; H. C. Saunders, R. Davis and L. P. Frost, di- rectors. The first teachers under this direction were Charles H. Whitmore and Miss M. J. Campbell. The present offi- cers of the school board are : E. A. Stone, president ; Cliarles H. Whitmore, secre- tary ; C. M. Myers, treasurer; and H. L. Brown, Mrs. Jonathan A. Gates, D. B. Harrison, E. A. Stone, Mrs, R Davis and Mrs. C. S. Leymaster, directors. The teachers of the present year are : C. H. Carson, principal ; Miss Ada Armstrong, grammar department; Miss Clara Shoudy, intermediate departm' nt, and Miss Emma F. Joy, of the primary department. OPBEA HALL. This building was completed in Octo- ber, 1883, and was opened on the 19th of December, the same year, with a dance given by the 6. A. R., and followed on January 28, 1884, by Bacon's Dramatic Company. It is a fine, substantial brick building, 24x70 feet in size, two stories high, the hall being in the second, the first used as stores. It has a seating ca- pacity of 225, with a stage some fifteen feet deep. There are five good flat scenes and a handsome drop curtain in the hall, and it is fitted up in good shape genei'ally. Dr. V. D. Rood is the proprietor. LODGES. Anita, although a young and small town, can boast of five thriving lodges, representing the Masonic, Odd Fellow, Workmen, Knights of Honor and Grand Army fraternities. A history of each is given in this connection, as is most proper. Meade Post, No. 50, Grand Army of the Republic, was organized in August, 1881, with the following oflicers and charter members: J. A. Gates, C; John Baum- gardner, S. V. C; C. M. Failing, Adjt.; 0. F. Gates. O. D.; Charles Dubbs, Q. M.; W. O. Blood, Chap.; Job Fitzgerald, Q. M. S ; D.L. Dilts, Surg.; H. C. Lighter, O G.; C. W. Huff, J. B. Harrison and P. Smith, comrades. The post has steadily increased until now it has a membership of over forty, and is in good shape finan- cially. It holds meetings on the second and fourth Thursday of each month, in the Odd Fellows' hall. The oflicers at present are the following named: A. R. Robinson, C; D. L. Dilts, S. V. C; V.D. Rood, J. V. C; J. A. Gates, 0. D.; J.R. r< " I® r iJsJi V08 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Johnson, A.; A. Culver, Q. M.; W. O. Blood, Cliap.; II. Metcalf, O. G. Obedience Lodge, No. 380, A. F. and A. M., was organized at Anita, under dis- pensation, November 6, 1876, with the following members: E. A. Stone, G. W. Chaffee, J. T. Fitch, M. Bach, J. More- land, John Travis, J. P. James, J. J. Soo- vill, R. W. Calkins and John B. Vetter. Tlie first officers were: E. A. Stone, "Worshipful Master; G.W. Chaffee, Senior Warden; J. T. Fitch, Junior Warden; M. Bach, Treasurer; J. Morel and. Secre- tary; J. Travis, Senior Deacon; R. W. Calkins, Junior Deacon; John Vetter, Tyler. Tlie lodge is in most excellent working order, and is on a strong financial basis, having between four hundred and five hundred dollars in the treasury. It has a membership of fifty in good stand- ing, composed of the better class of the business men of the town, and the more prominent farmers of the environs. The present officers are the following-named: W. A. Mclntyre, Worshipful Master; C. Burling, Senior Warden; S. S. Watson, Junior Warden; M. V. Robinson, Treas- urer; L. P. Frost, Secretary; H. W. Budd, Senior Deacon; Frank Lakin, Junior Deacon; O. M. Gammel, Senior Steward; J. E. Sansom, Junior Steward; James H. Chambers, Tyler. Anita Lodge, Iowa Knights of Honor, was organized by Harry Merriam, on the 30th of August, 1883, with the following charter members: Edwin Cate, D. K. Chestnut, C. E. Townsend, C. W. Jones, F. Worthing, J. E. Sansom, S. F. Myers, H. Metcalf, C. Wilson, S. A. Worthing, L. C. Burling, W. G. King, W. H. Bosley, John Corlett, C. L. Calkins, James Brewer, C. M. Blakesley, F. R. Smith, D. O. Flint and A. R. Robinson. On organization, a ballot was taken for the officers, and the following were chosen to fill the respective positions: Edwin Cate, W. D.; D. K. Chestnut, W. P. D.; C. E. Townsend, W. V. D.; C. W.Jones, W. R ; F. Worth- ing, F. R.; J. E. Sansom, T.; S. F. Myers, Guide; H. Metcalf, Guardian; C.Wilson, Sentinel; L. C. Burling, Chaplain; S. A. Worthing, L. C. Burling and W. G. King, trustees; J. E. Sansom, Medical Examiner. The lodge is in a very flourishing condi- tion, and has a membership of about twenty-five in good standing. Meetings are held the first and third Monday eve- nings of every month, in their hall, over Rood's hardware store. The present officers are: A. R. Robinson,'W. D.; H. Metcalf, W. V. D.; C. L. Calkins, Guard- ian; J. Brewer, Sentinel; C. M. Blakesley, W. R.; F. Worthing, F. R ; S. F. Myers, Guide; C. E. Townsend, T.; L. C. Bur- ling, Chap.; G. H. Petty, L. C. Burling and C. L. Calkins, trustees. Anita Lodge, No. 262, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was organized September 29, 1873, in pursuance of authority given to J. K. Powers by the Grand Lodge of Iowa. The charter mem- bers were: James P. James, Martin Bach, John Travis, J. W. Chestnut, A. J. Shra- der, Antony Koob and Oil Coomes. The first officers were: J. P. James, N. G.; Oil Coomes, V. G.; Martin Bach, Secre- tary; Antony Koob, Treasurer. The officers at the present time are: W. G. King, N. G.; J. E Bruce, V. G.; Godfrey Mil- ler, Secretary; J. P. James, Treasurer. The only charter member who is still con- nected with the lodge is J. P. James. ■^. •k HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 709 The lodge is now in a prosperoas condi- tion, atid has thirty members in good standing. It has a widows' and orphans' fund of one hundred and seventy-five dol- lars at present, and the property and funds in hand will amount to seven huudred dollars. The sick benefits of the lodge, each six months for the last three terms, have averaged about forty-five dollars; on this account there has been paid out, from December ], 1882, to July 1, 1884, $221.83. Eramert Lodge, No. 192, Ancient Order of United Workmen, was organized in the spring of 18'79, by Dr. J. M. Emmert, of Atlantic, with the following list of char- ter members: Charles F. Chase, Edwin Cate, D. K. Chestnut, Horace Denton, Charles Young, Charles Steinmetz, E. W. Blakesley, V. D. Rood, M. Bach, C. M. Failing, W. W. Smith, V. Roush, C. B. Little, L. R. Craig, R. W. Calkins, Samuel Cate, J. McLaughlin,Ci F. Dnbbs, J. L. Bennett and Thomas B. Harrison. The first officers were: Edwin Cate, P. M. W.; C. M. Failing, M. 'W.; D. K. Chestnut, R.; Horace Denton, F. The lodge now numbers eighteen members and regular meetings are held on the first and third evenings of each month. The pres- ent officers are: A. R. Robinson, P. M. W.; C. M. Failing, M. W.; D. K. Chest- nut, R.; H. Denton, F.; Edwin Cate, R.; V. D. Rood, O. KELIGIOUS. The first sermon was preached by Rev, Mr. Abraham, of the Methodist Episcopal church, in the school house building, mentioned under the head of educational matters, in 1870. There are now in Anita three churches, all of which are noticed in the Ecclesiastical chapter. COBNET BAND. The Anita Cornet Band was organized August 11,1882, with the following mem- bers and instruments: F. R. Smith, leader and 1st Eb cornet; E. H. Avey, Bb clar- inet; H. Williams, 2d Eb cornet; D. B. Ward, l8t alto; G. W. Lattig, 2d alto; L. Furman, 2d tenor; H. Pearson, tuba; Minor, bass drum, and George Bills, snare drum. G. W. Lattig was the treas- urer, and E. H. Avey, secretary. The band, which is operated as a stock com- pany, own the instruments, which are not the property of the individuals, but of the organization. Since its formation the band has paid for instruments, music and other expenses $343.74, of which there has been donated by the citizens $59.50. The present oflicers are: George Lattig, treasurer, and Charles Townsend, secre- tary. The active members are: W. P. Stallings, leader and 1st Eb; H. Williams, 2d Eb; G. W, Lattig, solo Bb; Frank Hal- lock, 1st Bb; C. E. Townsend, 2d Bb; John Allen, 1st alto; Frank Pardon, Ist tenor; Horace Denton, baritone; Charles Hallock, tuba; James McGrew, bass drum; Fred. Townsend, snare drum. -H' -«——»• ■:^ e ^ 710 HISTOKY OF CASS COUNTY. CHAPTER XXVII. BEAR GROVE TOWNSHIP. The sub-division of Cass county that is known as Bear Grove, comprises all of congressional township 75 north, range 36 west of the fifth principal meridian, and is bounded on the north by Atlantic, on the south by Noble, on the east by Union and on the west by Cass. The surface is generally undulating prairie and the soil a rich, dark loam, of untold fertility and fecundity. It is sufficiently watered by Seven-M ile creek, four-Mile creek, and several tributaries of those and Turkey creek. Four-Mile creek has its source on section 13, and for about two miles flows nearly due west until on the line between sections 15 and 16, it makes a confluence with a small stream that comes in from the west, where the general course of the stream is turned southward, and intersec- ting townships 21 and 28, empties its waters into Seven-Mile Creek, in the northern part of section 33. Seven-Mile creek enters the township from Union, on the east line of section 36, and meander- ing a tortuous course westward, crosses sections 36, 35, 34, 33 and 32, in the west- ern part of the latter inclining southward and makes its exit from Bear Grove. Two or three small branches of Turkey creek are in the northern part of the township, supplying running water to sections 1, 9, 8, 7, 6 and 17. Bear creek is one of these tributaries, and is quite a stream. The township is settled up by some of Cass county's best citizens, men of all nationalities, but American citizens, whose chief endeavor seems to be to have the finest cultivated land, the most com- fortable homes, and the most convenient out-buildings; men who are a pride to any country, and the bone and sinew of any prosperous and growing community EARLY SETTLEMENT. Osro Baldwin, the pioneer settler, of Bear Grove, came from the Western Re- serve of Ohio, and located on section 32, in the fall of 1855. He erected a "dug out," in which he lived till a short time before his death (which occurred in 1858) when he built a log cabin. The farm is now owned by J. W. Brown, of Atlantic. After the death of Mr. Baldwin, his wife went to Colorado, where' she died about the year 1875. There was a family of two boys and two girls. The younger son died on the farm in 1858, and the other, Bruce, returned to Ohio. One of the girls married a man by the name of Sacket and removed to Colorado, her sister going with her. Osro Baldwin was the uncle of Charles Baldwin, the county clerk, who was drowned in 1858. The next settler of Bear Grove was H. B. Roselle, who came in the spring of 1858. He set out the first orchard in the township, bringing the trees from Daven- -^1 sfv JE: HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. in port, which are still living and in a thriv- ing condition. The farm is now owned by O. Vierson. Roselle having sold out and removed to Cass township, where he still resides. During the winter of 1858 and 1859, the house in which Mr. Roselle lived and which was constructed of rails and hay, burned down and it was with difficulty that they escaped alive. He carried his wife a mile and a half through the deep snow, bare-footed, to the house of Osro Baldwin, and nearly perished with cold before reaching shelter. L. D. Marsh came in 1859, coming from Grant county, Indiana, and settled on section 19, where he erected the first frame dwelling of Bear Grove township. He served through the war, returning home, where he died about the year 1875. Ills widow still resides upon the old homestead. In the spring of 1859, Charles Hebing located and built a log house on section 9, and in 1864, settled upon section 16, where he is still resident. He had come to this county in 1856, locating at Lewis, but came to Bear Grove as stated above. Charles H. Hebing, a pioneer of Cass county, was born in Prussia, October 16, 1838. He received a fair education in his native country, in the German, Latin and French languages. In 1852 he came to the United States, landing at New York in November of that year. He went immediately to BufiEalo, New York, where he attended school during the fol- lowing winter, for the purpose of acquir- ing the English langua:ge, In May, 1863, he left school, having expended all his money except one dollar, which he in- vested in an Intelligence office trying to obtain employment. He succeeded in getting work as a teamster on the Michi- gan Southern railroad, which he continu- ed until about the last of October, 1853, and cleared, during that time, three hun- dred dollars. He then went to Sandusky City, Ohio, and attended school the win- ter following. In the spring of 1854, he came to the Hawkeye State, stopping first at Grinnell, Poweshiek county, where he worked for a farmer, B. Howard, about four months. Then, in company with his brother, G. A. Hebing, went by stage to Council Bluffs. They went across the river into Nebraska, but shortly after turned back and came to Lewis, and have since been identified with the interests of this county. In 1859 he crossed the plains to Colorado on a Mustang pony, and engaged in raining one year, then in transporting supplies from the Missouri river to the mines. He continued the latter occui)ation three years, which cov- ered the greater part of the period of our late war. He then returned home to Lewis. In company with his brother he bought three hundred and sixty acres of land, paying therefor from $4.50 to $25 per acre, in Bear Grove township, and later a large tract in Union township. After dividing their interests, the land in Bear Grove was owned by Charles H. and that in Union by G. A. Hebing. Charles H. has two hundred and forty acres in section 16, where he resides. He was married February. 6, 1867, to Anna E. Chapman, daughter of Milton and Eliza- beth Chapman, and grand-daughter of David Chapman, the- first surveyor of Cass county. Mr. and Mrs. Hebing have had three children— Guy G. (deceased). IV^ ^- 712 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Clara, and May. Mr. Hebing was the first one in the county to declare his in- tention to become a citizen of the United States, and has held the office of town- ship clerk two terms, has also served as school director. He is the son of a master mechanic, but he follows farming and stock raising for a living. He kept cattle on the prairie in this county when the wolves were so numerous and vicious they would attack the young stock in the day- time, while he was herding them. Deer and elk were plenty then. He went out once in company with two others from Lewis, in the vicinity of where Marne now is, and killed thirty-two elk, by running them into ravines and gulches, filled level with snow, and killing them with knives, hatchets and clubs. Mr. Hebing, in at- tempting to cut the throat of one, got astride its neck, when the animal ploughed his way out of the deep snow, and gave Mr. H. a free ride at the rate a mile a minute; he remained upon the neck of the animal as far as Indian Grove, when he got off and walked back to Eight-Mile Grove. Mr. Hebing is a lover of pets and wild animals, and while he has been farming has had pet elk, deer, bear and wolves which he lamed so that they would follow him, if he wished them to do so, wherever he went. He, also, while freighting from the Missouri river to Denver, owned a yoke of buffaloes, which he drove across the plains with other cattle. Two years ago, while back to the mountains of Colorado, for recreation, he captured a young bear, which he bronght with him to Bear Grove and kept for more than a year, but finally had to kill him on account of his being so strong and large, it was difficult to manage him. Mr. Hebing had taught him many tricks. The bear would shoulder arms, waltz, etc. Whendressed the bear weighed over two hundred pounds. Mr. Hebing says bear meat is superior to pork or beef. Gehart Hebing came with his brother, Charles, and helped to improve the farm on that section. They, also, owned a place in Union township, and on a divis- ion of the property being made, Gehart removed to Union, where he now resides. In 1862, Dr. A. Teele settled on sec- tion 8, coming from Elkhart county, In- diana. He lived here a number of years, when he sold out and removed to Craw- ford county, where he has since died. Rev. W. M. Graham came to Bear Grove township in February, IS61, and settled on section 11, where he now re- sides. Benjamin Albee, in the spring of 18G1, made a settlement on section 10. He was a native of New Y.ork State. He re- mained in the township until the spring of 1883, when he moved to Oregon. Soon after his arrival in that far away land he had the misfortune to lose his wife, the helpmeet of a busy life, and in the fall of 1884, he returned to this county. William Farmer settled on section 9, in the fall of 1867. He is a native of Eng- land, born on the 21 St of March, 1820. He is the son of Joseph and Helen (Mathews) Farmer, who both died in the "Old Coun- try." Mr. Farmer emigrated to America in the fall of 1848, and settled in Jeffer- son county, Indiana, where he remained until 1865. He was united in marriage, while there, in the fall of 1849, with Friswith F. Collett, a daughter of John ri^ Jl HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. lis H. and Jane Collett, natives of Wales, by whom he has three children living — Wil- liam J., Ellen A. and Hattie F. In 1865, Mr. Farmer came to Iowa, locating^at first in Polk county, but in the fall of 1867, came here, as above stated. He is still a resident of the township, living with his son-in-law, Mathew Martin, on section 16. Henry Stone lives upon section 1, of Bear Grove township, where he located in May, 1868, purchasing then a farm of eighty acres, to which he has since added another eighty acres, and now owns a fine farm of one hundred and sixty acres. Ml". Stone was born in Litchfield county, Connecticut, June 16, 1818. He was reared upon a farm and has always fol- lowed farming. He was married, Feb- ruary 22, 1846, to Sarah A. Tracy, also a native of Litchfield county, born July 31, 1819. In 1853, they emigrated to Hen- derson county, Illinois,' and worked rented lands until 1867. In that year they removed to Cass county, and settled in Bear Grove the following year, as before stated. They have had three children — Samuel C, born in Connecticut, January 23, 1847; Lester W., also born in Con- necticut, February 7, 1850; and Eva C, born in Illinois, September 27, 1857. Eva C. died in April, 1864. John and Mathew Martin settled upon section 10, in the fall of 1860, where Mathew is still living. Matthew W. Martin was born in Brax- ton county. West Virginia.January 1 4,1 842. His father emigrated to Miami county, Ohio, when Matthew was young, and in the fall of 1852, moved to McHenry county, Illinois. His occupation was farm- ing. In 1859, he removed with his fam- ily to Ray county, Missouri, where he bought a farm and intended to remain, but on the breaking out of the Rebellion, being of pronounced Union sentiments, he was obliged to leave, and was glad to get away. His loss by this compulsory removal, amounted to six thousand dol- lars. He went back to McHenry county, Illinois, and died there in 1863. His wife, Barbara Martin, died the same year. Mat- thew W.Martin enlisted, September 4, 1862, in company H, Ninety-fifth Illinois Infantry. His regiment was a part of the Sixteenth Army Corps, commanded by General A. J. Smith in the Red river campaign. He took part in the campaign and siege of Vicksburg and battle of Nashville, when General Thomas routed Hood's army. Also the battles at Fort Blakeley and Spanish Fort at Mobile. He was honorably discharged August 1 7, 1865, and returni'd to McHenry county. The following f.,11 he settled in Marshall county, Iowa, where he remained three years, then came to Cass county and bought, in partnership with his brother, John Martin, one hundred and twenty acres in section 10, Bear Grove. Mr. Martin was married in this town, in 1870, to Helen M. Farmer, a native of Indiana, born in 1855. Her parents, William and F. Farmer, are both living with Mr. and Mrs. Martin. They occupy a farm of eighty acres in section 16. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Martin Harry, Ethel, Roy and Earl. H. G. Van Vlack came to Bear Grove township in March, 1869. and settled on section 11. Here he remained about a year, when he sold out and removed to ? •C « tt. 714 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Union township, where he still lives, one of the representative and influential men of that section of the county. The farm where he settled, is now the property of Mr. Bickett. Section 11, received a settler in the spring of 1869, in the person of C. T. Sum- crs, who remained there until 1883, when he removed to Lewis, where he is operating the Commercial House, the skating rink and a meat market. A sketch of him may be found in that conpection. Jerome N. Peters is a son of Christian and Susan Peters, and was born in Wayne county, Ohio, February 25, 182B. When he was three years old his parents moved to Ashland, Ohio, where they lived many years. Christian Peters died May 2, 1884. His widow is now living on the place owned by her son, Jerome. The subject of this sketch was married in Ashland county, November 15, 1849, to Sarah Franse. He followed farming thereuntil 1851, then came to the Hawkeye State and settled in Clayton county, where he owned and carried on a farm until Octo- ber, 1869. In March of that year he had visited Cass county and bought three hun- dred and sixty acres of laud in sections 14 and 11, Bear Grove, a portion of which he broke. To this farm he removed his family, and is still residing thereon. His residence is on section 14. Mr. and Mrs Peters are the parents of eight children — Martin W., now a resident of Custer county, Nebraska; David A., of Lewis, Walter F., of Bear Grove; Eliza C, wife of George Albee, of Lane county, Oregon; Malinda M., Melissa A., George W. and Clarence R. Alhart E. Speelman was born in Green county, Pennsylvania, September 25, 1817. He was married in Fayette county of the same State, in 1844, to Elizabeth Isher- wood who was burn in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, July 14, 1819. In 1855 they came to Iowa and settled five miles east of Marion, in Linn county, and lived there seven years. They removed to Jones county in 1862, where they owned a farm. In 1869 they came to this county and bought a farm of eighty acres in sec- tion 13, of Bear Grove, where they now live. They have two children — John W. and Nora. Jacob T. Martin was born in Prestoh county. West Virgina, March 3, 1844. He is a son of Daniel T. and Elizabeth Mar- tin. His mother died when he was an in- fant. His father is now living in his na- tive county. Jacob T. Martin, when sev- enteen years of age, enlisted in Company A, of the Seventh West Virginia Volun- teer Infantry, September 4, 1861. He joined the army of the Potomac and took part in McClellan's campaign against Rich- mond, second battle of Bull Run, battles of South Mountain and Antietam. He was under command of General Burnside at Fredericksburg, in Hooker's battle of Chancellorsville, the three days battle of Gettysburg, the campaign of Grant and the siege of Peterburg. At the battle of Hatch's Run, he was wounded and taken prisoner. He was confined three months and ten days, at Richmond, Virginia, was then exchanged and returned to the regi- ment. He veteranized in January, 1864, while in camp at Stevenburg, Virginia. He was honorably discharged, June 29, 1865. He was married March 5, 1865, to --T1 r Jk-_*. HISTORY O'F CASS COUNTY. 715 Abbie Pringey, also a native of West Vir- ginia, born June 20, 1848. In April, 1867, Mr. Martin removed to Iowa, and lived two years in Muscatine and Cedar coun- ties. He came to Cass county in Octo- ber 1869, and located in Noble township, where he bought a farm on section 12. He afterwards sold this place and bought the fine farm of two hundred and forty acres, •which he now owns and occupies. It is located in section 28, of Bear Grove. He purchased the place of George Carter, but it was improved by Park Lewis and broth- ers. Mr. and Mrs. Martin have six chil- dren — Laura A., born in October 1866, now the wife of Harvey Cassill; Maggie E., born in August 1868; Frederick S., born in December 1871; Mattie M., born in June 1874; Nellie G., born in August 1877, and Caddie B., born in November, 1879. W. W. Andrews, living on section 23 of Bear Grove, was born in Litchfield county, Connecticut, May 20, 1843. His parents, Orrin and Minerva Andrews, moved to Henry county, Illinois, in 1852. His mother is still living in that county. His father is dead. W. W. Andrews came to Cass county in 1872, purchasing then his present farm. He was married in Henry county, Illinois, in 1869, to Mary C. Fort, daughter of Isaac and Caroline Fort, residents of that county. Mr. and Mrs. Andrews have six children — Watson W., Lucy C, Albert I., Elmer W., Alice M, and George K. A brother of Mr. An- drews, Charles W. Andrews, was born in Litchfield county, Connecticut, July 6, 1849. He came to Iowa in the fall of 1870, and spent one year in Marshall county, then came to Cass county. He lived one year in Atlantic township after which he bought a farm in section 23, of Bear Grove. He afterwards sold this farm and bought his present farm. He was married in 1871, to Mahala G. Fort, of Henry county, Illinois. They have six children — Stella E;, Clayton W., Ar- thur L., Merrett S., Orrin C. and Creston F. Mrs. Andrew was born in New York, March 3, 1848, where she lived until eighteen years of age, when she went with her parents to Illinois. In 1861, Mr. Andrew enlisted in the Ninth Illinois Cavalry, and spent four years of success- ful and honorable service for his country in the war for the Union. William E. Buckley is a native of Liv- ingston county. New York, born March 8, 1846. He was living in Wyoming county of that State in 1864, at which time he enlisted in February, in the Twenty- fourth Independent Battery. He was captured by the rebels at Plymouth, North Carolina, sent to Andersonville prison, where he was confined nine months, and then paroled out. He was discharged in July, 1 865. He came west with his father, John Buckley, (who now lives in Noble township,) in 1£69. He was married, Sep- tember 10, 1865, to Mary Piper, who w^-s born March 19, 1 846, in Livingston county. New York. They lived in Noble town-' ship for twelve years after coming to the county,then resided in Edna three years, af- ter which they removed to this town. Mr. and Mrs. Buckley have seven children — Jennie, Ida, Freddie, George, Lucy, Willie and Elmer. John Bartsch, a native of Saxony, was born October 8, 1838. He came to the United States in 1657, landed at New "7|i ^■v 716 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. York and went to Buffalo where he worked a few weeks. From there he went to Prairie du Sac, Sauk county, Wis- consin. There he afterwards bought sixty acres of land He enlisted in com- pany K, of the Twenty-third Wisconsin regiment, and took part in the battle pre- ceding the capture of Arkansas Post, also the battles of Port Gibson, Cham- pion Hill, Black River Bridge and siege of Vicksburg, where he was in A. J. Smith's corps. He participated in the Red river campaign and was in the battle at Fort Blakely and Spanish Fort. He was honorably discharged at Mobile, Ala- bama. He was married September 6, 1865, at Prairie du Sac, to Theresa All- bright, who was born in Prussia in 1842. Her father, Christian AUbright, was a man of ability and education and was at one time mayor of his city. He after- wards moved to Sauk county where he died in 1864. His widow did not long survive him. Mr. and Mrs. Bartschcame to Cass county in 1873, driving a team from Sauk county. His farm on section 17 contains eighty acres, all improved. They have three children — Minnie, born in November, 1869; Mattie, born in May, 1872, and Lena, born in January, 1874. William H. Martin resides on section 85, where he settled in the spring of 1876. He was born in Miami county, Ohio, Sept- ember 23,1848. His parents, Alexander and Barbara Martin, moved to McHenry county, Illinois, when William was about four years old. Alexander Martin died in that county in 1863. His wife's death occurred the same year. In the spring of 1868, William H. Martin came to Iowa and located in Marshall county. He re- mained there until the following winter, then came to Cass county and bought a place on section 10, which he sold and bought eighty acres in section 3, where he lived a short time, then removed to.his present residence. His farm contains eighty acres. He purchased the land of Hiram White. William H. Martin and Cornelia Linderman were united in mar- riage, July 3, 1875. She is the step- daughter of Hiram White of this town, and was born April 15, 1852, in Boone county, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Martin have two children — Lulu May and Min- nie Bell. George F. Case was born in Ashtabula county, Ohio, in the town of Austinburg. His grandfather, Asael Case, was one of the pioneers of that county, having come there from Litchfield county, Connecticut, in 1800. George F. Case is a son of Frank- lin B. and Sarah J. Case. The former now resides with him. The latter died at his home in 1881. They moved west in 1849, and were among the early settlers of Lee county, Iowa, where they owned a farm and 'resided until 1877. In that year they came to Cass county and located on the farm now owned and occupied by George F. and his father. It is on sec- tions 18 and 19, and contains two hundred and forty acres. Their residence is on section 18. George F. Case and Martha A. Turce were married January 1, 1867. She was born in the town of Saybrook, Ashtabula county, Ohio, May 15, 1843. They were married in that town. Mr. and Mrs. Case have two children— Bertha, born June 26, 1874, and Addle, born July 19, 1880. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Ill Lorenzo Dow Marsh, one of Cass county's pioneers, was born January 1, 1818, in Gurnsey county, Ohio, where he lived until he reached manhood. He re- moved with his parents, Jesse and Racl'el Mar»h, to Indiana, where they (the par- ents) died, near Marion, Grant county. There the subject of tiiis sketch and Hannah Moore, were married, October 28, 1841. She was born January 4, 1823, near Dayton, Ohio. Her parents, Isaac and Rachel Moore, moved to Wayne county, Ohio, and later, to Indiana. They both died in Bear Grove, their laht years being spent with Mr. and Mrs. Marsh, who' removed hither in 1860, thus becoming pioneers of what is now Cass county. Mr. Marsh says, "then we had no near neighbors except wolves." The first year he rented land and built a house and broke a little ground upon his present farm. His purchase was three hundred and sixty acres of land, to which they re- moved during the first winter. Mr. Marsh died on the anniversary of his birth, at his home here, aged fifty-five. His widow retains the homestead, and one hundred and tw'enty acres, the balance of the land was divided among their children, of whom there were ten, eight are now living — Isaac, of Villisca, Iowa; Enoch W., of this township; Eve- line, wife of Ephraim Martin, of Lewis; James, of Davis county, Iowa; William, living in Holt county, Nebraska; Rachel, wife of J. McFadden; Ray, of this^ county; Lorenzo Dow and Aimeda, at home. Mr. Marsh was a member of the Second Iowa Cavalry, company D. He was discharged in consequence of injuries received by being thrown from his horse. He remained in .the hospital six months previous to his discharge. Enoch W. Marsh, second living son of L. D. and Hannah Mafsh, was born October 8, 1846, and came with his parents to this county in 1860. He remained with them until his marriage to Catherine Underwood, daughter of Jesse and MaryUnderwood,of Pleasant township, Cass county, formerly of Ohio. She was born May 4, 1851, and they were married April 28, 1875. They have two children— Laura Emily, born March 8, 1878, and Willis Woodward, born October 29, 1882. Mr. Marsh resides on section 19, upon one hundred and sixty acres, part of his father's original pur- chase. Alanson Miller, son of Calvin and Sarah Miller, was born in the State of New York, county of Schenectady. When he was a child, his parents moved to Mc- Henry county, Illinois, where they settled upon a farm. Alanson was reared to that occupation and remained with his parents until his marriage, February 26, 1868, to Mary A. Willis, daughter of W. N. and Mary C. Willis. Her father was born in Massachusetts, and her mother in Pennsyl- vania. They moved from Ohio to Mc- Henry county, Illinois, in 1845. They are now livirig on the old homestead, in that county. Mrs. Miller was born Decem- ber 10, 1847. The spring following their marriage, Mr. Miller hired to assist in driving sheep, to Cass county, Iowa, and being so well pleased with the new country, decided to make it his home. He returned to Illinois, and in the fall of the same year, removed permanently to this county. For two years he lived upon rented land in Turkey Grove. In the ^"^ sPV "J* m. ^ • 718 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. kL meantime he purchased forty acres of land on section 10, Bear Grove township, to which he removed in the spring of IS'?], and on which he now resides. Mr. Miller has been prosperous and now owns one hundred and fifty acres of finely im- proved land. His parents removed to this county in 1876. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have four children —Evaleen M., born in February, 1869; Etta L., born in Decem- ber, 1871; Willis A.., born in April, 1874, and Eliza, born in February, 1883. Mr. Miller has served two terms on the board of town trustees, and is now serving his second term as school director. He was also a Grant delegate to the State Conven- tion in 1880. Michael J. Miller, son of Calvin and Sarah Miller, was born in McHenry county, Illinois, October 23, 1849. He - came to Cass county in 1874, and has been a resident here since that time. He was married November 13, 1877, to Nancy R. Burnside, who was born at Kirkwood, Illinois, July 10, 1862. Pier parents, Robert and Nancy Burnside, came from Illinois, in 1871, and settled in Atlantic township, where they still reside. In May, 1882, Mr. Miller bought his present farm of eighty acres, in sec- tion 5, of Bear Grove. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have two children — Robert C. and Earl D. Oliver McFadden i-esides on section 15, of Bear Grove township. He has lived upon his present farm since 1878. He owns, also, the southeast quarter of sec- tion 9, all of which is improved. Mr. McFadden was born in Grant county, Indiana, October 16, 1853, and is a son of George W. and Sarah McFadden. The latter died in 1865. George W. McFad- den, with his third wife and seven chil- dren, came to Cass county in 1871, locat- ing in Noble township, where he now lives. Oliver McFadden was married June 3, 1880, to Phoebe A. Tippey, a sister of J. J. Tippey, of this township. She was born in Grant county, Indianaj November 25, 1852. They have two chil- dren — Ada Belle, born March 19, 1881, and William J., born June 25, 1882. John Boiler was born in Guernsey county, Ohio, November 24, 1844. His father, Adam Boiler, died in 1846. His mother, Ruth (Atherton) Boiler, lives in Grant county, Indiana, with her son, Reuben Boiler. John Boiler and Rachel Tippey were married November 30, 1865. She was born in Grant county, Indiana. Her parents died in that county. Mr. Boiler followed farming in Grant county, until he came to Cass county, October 6, 1875. He had visited the county the previous spring, and purchased his pres- ent farm, then unimproved prairie, in section 15. It contains one hundred arid sixty acres, now all under good improve- ment. Mr. and Mrs'. Boiler have seven children — Laura, born in November, 1866; Murray L., born in August, 1868; Amy, born in July, 1870; Dicy, born in July, 1872; Phoebe L., born in August, 1874; Maggie, born in December, 1876; and Albert, born in February, 1882. Jesse A. Marsh is a native of Grant county, Indiana, born August 8, 1844. He is a son of Benjamin and Mary Marsh, both of whom died in Grant county. Jesse A. Marsh and Margaret S. Howard were married November 6, 1868. She is a native of the same county, born March *7l t>fr HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. '719 •k. 2, 1846, and is a daughter of William and Ruth Howard. The former is now living with Mr. and Mrs. Marsh. The latter died in Grant county in \8l5. Mr. Marsh came to Cass county in 1876, and pur- chased eighty acres of improved land in section 15, of Bear Grove township, where they now live. He enlisted Feb- ruary 1, 1865, in company D, of the One Hundred and Fifiy-third Indiana Infantry, and served until the regiment was mus- tered out of the service. Mr. and Mrs. Marsh have no children of their own, but are bringing up a child, Delila J. More- head, born July 2'2, 1808. •John C. Bradbury was born in the town of Stow, Maine, October 8, 1844. His parents, Josiah and Mindwell Bradbury, moved to Lee county, Illinois, in 1854. Here Josiah Bradbury died. He was a member of company A, of the Seventy- fifth Illinois Volunteer Infantry and served one year, when he was discharged on account of sickness, in consequence of which he died one month after his return home, in October, 1863. His widow still survives and is now living in Nebraska, where she has two sons— E. C. and Wil- liam A. The subject of this sketch, in the spring of 1864, came to Iowa for the purpose of finding a. home for the family, and settled one-half mile from the State's center, in Marshall county. Here the family, with the exception of one brother, joined him in the spring of 1867. This brother, Noah, was a member of company F, Thirty-fourth Illinois Volunteer Infan- try, and served through the war. He now lives in Antelope county, Nebraska. John C. Bradbury and Alraeda Easton were married at Dexter, Michigan, Jan- uary 12, 1869. She is a daughter of Paul and Sarah Easton, of that place, and was born there Sep- tember 10, 1842. Mr. Bradbury formed the acquaintance of Miss Easton in Mar- shall county, where she was eng.iged in teaching school. He sold his property in Marshall county, in 1874, and in the spring 1875 became_ a resident of Cass county, purchasing then his present farm on sec- tion 9, Bear Grove township. He owns one hundred and twenty acres, which was then unbroken, but is now well improved. Mr. and Mrs. Bradbury have nine chil- dren: Bertha, born in July, 1870;Leland, born in January, 1872; Jay, born in Sep- tember, 1874; Mark, born in April, 1876 ; Bessie, born August, 1878; Charlie, born in June, 1881; and Belle, born in Novem- ber, 1882. Mr. Bradbury was elected a member of the board of trustees in No- vember, 1883, and has served several terms as school director. He is a highly esteemed citizen. C. J. Anderson is a native of Sweden, born November 14, 1846. He came to America with his sister, Charlotte, now the wife of Mr. Olson, in 1860. Hecame to Jefferson county, Iowa, where he lived until 1862. He then went to Henderson county, Illinois, and worked by the month at farming for seven years. He became a citizen there on the 21»t of October, 1868, at the circuit court, which was then in session in Warren county, Illinois. He came to Cass county, in 1869 and bouglit the farm he now owns and occupies. It contains eighty acres, located on section 22, of Bear Grove township, and is finely improved. Charles R. Switzer, son of John and ^ 720 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. fe. Margaret Switzer, was born in Columbia county, Pennsylvania, March 20, ]838. His parents were among the early settlers of Black Hawk county, Iowa, settling, about the year 1849, in Waterloo, which then consisted of about twenty log cab- ins. John Switzer died in that county, November 23, 1869, and his wife, Mar- garet Switzer, in 1857. Charles R. Swit- zer enlisted, October 3, 1861, in company E, of the Twelfth Iowa Infantry. He took part in the battle of Fort Donelson, where he was wounded. The brigade to which his regiment belonged, were taken prisoners at Pittsburg Landing, while he was still unable to be on duty. That portion of the brigade not captured, con- sisting of men off duty in the hospital, and in camp, were re-organized as the "Union Brigade," and participated in the battles of Corinth, campaign against Vicksburg, battles of Jackson, Brandon, Tupelo, Nashville and Spanish Fort. Af- ter being prisoners five or six months, the regiment was exchanged, and after the battle of Corinth, and previous to the bat- tles following, Mr. Switzer rejoined his regiment and served with it nobly until the close of the war. He veteranized in 1863, and May 22, 1865 was commissioned first lieutenant,f or meritorious services. He was honorably discharged January 20, 1866. He returned to Black H awk county, and the same year attended Bryant & Strat- ton's business college, at Chicago. In 1867 and 1868, he was in the employ of a transfer company at Omaha, Nebraska. In the latter year he became identified with Cass county, purchasing then, the fine farm he now owns and occupies. It is located on section 17, of Bear Grove township and contains one hundred and sixty acres. He was married in Stephenson county, Illinois, May 30, 1872, to Joanna Rishel, a daughter of Benjamin and Sarah Rishel, who was born in Union county, Pennsylvania, November 18, 1847. Mr. and Mrs. Switzer have three children — Fred R., born in September, 1873; Fdwin, born in May 1878, and Sarah, born in Jan- uary 1880. John O. Stevens was born in Canaan, Litchfield county, Connecticut, May 22, 1841. His father, Sanford P. Stevens was born, lived and died on the old homestead of his father, November 11, 1888, aged ninety-two years. Mrs. Almida Stevens, his mother, died November 11, 1853. In August, of 1862, John O. Stevens, enlisted in the Nineteenth Connecticut Volunteers, but was discharged on account of phys- ical disability before the regiment reached the scene of action. The following fall he came to Iowa and lived in Davenport and vicinity until 1869. He then went to Poweshiek county, where he engaged in farming. In 1874 he visited Cass county and purchased the farm he now owns and occupies. It is located in sec- tion 16, of Bear Grove, and was then un- improved. It contains eighty acres. He returned to his native county in 1877, and was there married, February 14, to Mary Spaulding, a native of Norfolk, Connecti- cut. They have no children. Albert T. Barnes was born in Putnam county, Ohio, January 19, 1853. His parents, Daniel and Hannah Barnes, moved, in 1860, to Warren county, Illi- nois, and in 1874, came to Cass county. The family consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Barnes and six children — Jacob W.,Albert ^' Missing Page Missing Page J^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 725 ^ T., Julia A., Lizzie, Rhoda D. and Ida May. They settled in Brighton town- ship; where the parents still live, engaged in farming. The subject of this sketch lived with his parents until his marriage, December 25, 1811, to Emily L. Hum- phrey, a native of Warren county, Illinois. She was born March 1, 1861. They set- tled at the time of their marriage, on a farm owned by Henry Crow, in Brighton township, where they lived two years, then rented land of Isaac Dickerson, in section 9, of Atlantic township, on which they lived three years. Mr. Barnes then purchased his pi-esent home on section 9, Bear Grove township. It contains eighty acres and is the place improved by Wil- liam Farmer. Mr. and Mrs. Barnes have one son — Willie Leonard, born November 28, 1878. John Dealy was born September 19, 1843 in Decatur county, Indiana. His early life was spent in that county, and one adjoining (Bartholomew). In July, 180-2, he enlisted in company I, of the Sixty-seventh Indiana Infantry. He was first under fire at Mumfordsville, Ken- tucky. He took part in Sherman's attack at Chickasaw Bayou, the capture of Ar- kansas Post, and the campaign against Vicksburg, also the battles of Port Gib- son, Champion Hill, Black River Bridge and Jackson. He then went to NewOrleans and participated in Banks' Red River campaign, and the battles of Fort Gaines, Fort Morgan and Fort Blakely. He was honorably discharged at Galveston, Texas, in July, 1865. He returned to Bartholo- mew county, Indiana, and engaged in farming, teaching school during the win- ter seasons. He went to Grant county, 46 Indiana, where he had some relatives, and lived there about three years, and taught three or four terms of school. There he got acquainted with and married Matilda Jane Crawford, in 1869, daughter of John Crawford, now a resident of Lewis, Iowa. In 1871, Mr. Dealy and wife moved to tjass county, locating on an eighty acres of raw prairie, on section 31, in Bear Grove township, where he now resides. Mrs. Dealy was born September 12, 1841, in Grant county, Indiana. They are the parents of three children- — Jennie L., William C, and Joseph M, Mr. Dealy is now serving his. fifth term as school direc- tor. Nathan B. Middaugh was born in Tus- carawas county, Ohio, August 11, 1825. His father, James Middaugh was a farmer. His mother died when he was young. His father's death occurred in 1863, in Allen county, Indiana, where the family had re- moved in 1853. In 1865, Nathan B. moved to Warren county, Illinois, and in the fall of 1868, to Henry county, Iowa He remained there until 1873, when he came to Cass county. He arrived here in the month of March, having previously visited the county and purchased the farm he now owns and occupies on section 3, of Bear Grove township. He was married September 10, 1846, to Sarah R. Bell, who was born in Belmont county, Ohio, in 1827. They have seven children — James F., a farmer, residing in Washington Territory; Anna, wife of William J. Farmer, of Dakota; Alice E., wife of George Glazier, of Cincinnati, .Ohio; Minerva- J., wife of L. E. Miller, of At- lantic township; Kenyon R., and Clifford R., in Dakota, Elmer E., at home. i \> 726 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. David M. Sheets was born in Adams county, Pennsylvania, April 13, 1842. He is a son of Daniel and Barbara Ann Sheets, who ai"e now living in Frederick county, Maryland, engaged in farming, to which occupation, David M., was reared. The latter, in 1866, went to Carroll county, Illinois, and spent six months, then to Hardin county, Iowa, where he remained, also six months. He then went to Mon- tana and stopped there three months, en- gaged in the freighting business, driving his own team. In the summer of 1867, he came to Cass county. While in Hardin county he purchased one huu- dred and sixty acres of land in Cerro Gordo county. He spent three months in CUss county with his uncle, Henry Meyers, and sister, Mrs. Mary J. Krise. He then returned to Pennsylvania, and was there married to Mattie R. Pitzer, February, 18, 1869. She is the daughter of Samuel and Hettie Pitzer, was born January 13, 1848, in Adams county, Pennsylvania, upon the site of the bat- tle field of Gettysburg. Her father died in 1877, at the old homestead. Her mother now lives with a Hon, John E. Pitzer, at Gettysburg. Mrs. Sheets' grand-father, Emanuel Pitzer, and her father and his family, were living at their home in Gettysburg during the war. When the memorable battle at that place oc- curred. Mrs. Sheets and the other chil" dren, five in all, left home and passed to the rear of the Union army. The par- ents remained until after the second day's engagement, in their house, which stood between the contending armies. The house and barn were' riddled by shot and shell before they decided to evacuate. They lost all of their property that could be carried or driven off, and their build- ings were almost, if not quite, destroyed. In connection with the history of the fan;ily, the following is copied from the "Gettysburg Compiler" of August 19,1884. "Our citizens are all acquainted with the fact of how Mr. Jim Parr, a gallant mem- ber of the Third Georgia regiment, while hunting for a head-board for a dead com- rade, discovered a lot of specie hidden beneath the hearth of a bake oven in the town of Gettysburg, and succeeded in get- ting it home, where he bought a substi- tute with a part and used the rest to start himself in business after the war." Then followed a particular description of the discovery of the money. It then says: '■He (the owner of the money) was an old farmer who distrusted banks and de- cided that the safest place to deposit his money would be under the hearth of his bake oven, as no one would think of look- ing in such a place for a treasure." The "old farmer" was Emanuel Pitzer. The family have never had the money restor- ed to their possession. Emanuel Pitzer died only a few days before the battle. In 1873, David M. Sheets came again to the west, accompanied, this time by his wife and one child, and settled in Bear Grove township where he had one hun- dred and twenty acres in sections 17, 18 and 7, land for which he had exchanged his Cerro Gordo farm. He has since added to his farm and now owns two hundred and two acres, all finely im- proved. Mr. and Mrs. Sheets have four children — Harry, born July 20, 1870; Daniel, born September 30, 1873; Mur- ray, born September 13, 1875, and Grace,. ^ -^lV HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 121 born September 20, 1881. Henry Patter- son, an orphan son of ]^rs. Sheets' sister, born in Pennsylvania, July 16, 1869, makes his home with Mr. and Mrs. Sheets. James D. Corbitt, son of John and Sarah Corbitt, was born in Herkiiper county. New York, February 6, 1856, The family moved in 1859, to Oneida county the same State. John Corbitt worked in a woolen factory and his son, James D. followed the same occupation until his removal to the west. Mr. Cor- bitt, Sr., came to Cass county in July, 1875, and settled on section 25, of Bear Grove. He was accompanied by his wife, James D., the subject of this sketch, and one daughter, Mary A. She was born October 30, 1863, and is now the wife of Jerry Cornell, of Benton township. James D. Corbitt and Jennie R. Hinton were married September 19, 1880. She was born December 22, 1856, and is a .daugliter of Robert and Mary Hinton. Her mother died in 1865, and her father in 1884. Robert Hinton was a resident of Union township, Mr. and Mrs. Cor- bitt reside upon a farm in section 36, of Bear Grove, which he purchased in July, 1880. John O. Hazlett was born January 11, 1829, in West Virginia. His mother, Mary Hazlett, died at his birth, and he was reared by his grandfather, William Ogy, of Somerset county, Pennsylvania, witli whom he lived until he reached ma- turity. In 1861 he went to Fillmore county,Minnesota, ^vherehe lived till 1864. He enlisted in that year in company E of the Ninth Iowa Cavalry, and served one year in General Reynolds' division, in the Arkansas department. After the war he married in 1851 in Allamakee county, this State, to Margaret M. Schroder. Ten children have blessed their union — Mary S. A., wife of Ezra D. Yoder; Rachel L., George W., John Grant, Taylor E., Dora Ellen, Minnie M., Charles R., Lewis and Melinda. Jesse J. Tippey, son of Henderson and Vashti Tippey, was born in Grant county, Indiana, February 24, 1847. His father died in October, 1872, and his mother in May, 1863. Jesse was educated in the public schools, and afterwards attended select school, and finally, Wabash col- lege. He was married in his native county, November 13, 1872, to Elizabeth Westfall, daughter of James and Angel- ine Westfall. She was born in the same county, December 12, 1852. Mr. Tippey first visited Cass county in the fall of 1877, and again in January, 1880, at which time he purchased of A. O. Rogers iiis present farm, which contained eighty acres, located on section 15, Bear Grove township. Mr. and Mrs. Tippey have four children — Macauley E., born in Septem- ber, 1873; Angle Alminta, born in May, 1875; Nellie J., born in October, 1877; and Frank H., born in September, 1882. Mr. Tippey was elected township clerk in 1872. Thomas N. Bicket, son of Samuel and Mary Bicket, was born in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, June 15, 1848. His parents died in that county. Thomas N. Bicket and Josephine Hite were married February 28, 1866. She was born in 1849 in the same county. He followed farming in Pennsylvania until 1876, then came to Iowa, and settled in Cedar county, where - > J^ « w. .^i s. Y28 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. lived a short time in Howard county, Iowa. In 1866 he removed to Jasper county, where he remained about five years. He then removed to Clay county, and remained six years, after which he returned to Jasper county, and two years later came to Cass county. After living here about two years, he bought eighty acres of land in section 24 of Bear Grove township, which is now his residence. He also owns one hundred and sixty acres of land in Clay county. Mr. Hazlett was he farmed upon rented land three years. He then removed to Cass county, and rented a farm in Atlantic township, where he lived four years on the same place, after which he purchased the farm on which he now lives, on section 11^ Bear Grove township. It contains eighty acres. Mr. and Mrs. Bicket have eight children — Jennie, Mary, Tillie, Robert, William, James, Jessie and Amy. George Keys was born in the city of Manchester, England, June 13, 1852, and is a son of John and Mary Keys. John Keys was a boot and shoe maker by trade. George Keys came to the United States in ISlO, accompanied by a young sister, Sarah. Two sisters, Jane and Eliza had preceded them here. Jane is now a resi- dent of Norwalk, Connecticut; Eliza, of Mount Vernon, Ohio; and Sarah, of Cleveland, Ohio. George Keys, for eight years after coming to this country, lived at Norwalk, Connecticut, then went to Mount Vernon, Ohio, remaining till Feb- ruary, 1878. He then came to Iowa, and located in Washington township, Cass county, where he had charge of Dr. Rus- sell's farm. He then came to Bear Grove and bought a farm of sixty-five acres on section 8, where he lived two years, then sold and purchased his present farm, which contains sixty acres, located on the northwest quarter of the same section. Mr. Keys was married at New Castle, Coshocton county, Ohio, on January 29, 1878, to Martha L. Clark, a native of that county, born April 29, 1852, and daughter of Joshua and Eleanor Clark. Her father still lives at the homestead in Coshocton county. Her mother died September 8, 1884. Mr. and Mrs. Keys have had two children — John Russell, born November 8, 1878, and died August 8, 1880; and George Lloyd, born February 10, 1884. Mr. Keys' parents came to this county in 1874. After a short residence in Connect- icut, they then went to Mount Vernon, Ohio, where his mother died, in 1880. His father died, September 16, 1884. One brother, John Keys, came from England in 1872, and now lives near Mount Ver- non, Ohio. Henry R. Lee was born in Flemings-' burg, Kentucky, September 12, 1846. His father, Rev. Charles Lee, an ordained Presbyterian minister, moved to Indiana, where he preached. He died at Hanover, Indiana, May 27, 1863. His widow, Mi- nerva R. (Home) Lee, died at Mount Pleasant, Iowa, April 23, 1871. Henry R. Lee lived with his parents until seven- teen years of age, then came to Iowa and engaged in farming in Henry county, re- maining there until 1873. In that year he came to Cass county and settled at once on his present farm. It consisted of one hundred and twenty acres of unim- proved land, which his father had owned since 1855, located in section 20, of Bear Grove township. He has since added H^ - '9 ^ if Al' l\iL HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 729 eighty acres to the original tract. He was married May 22, 1878, to Mahala G. Wells, who was born in Steuben county, New York, September 12, 1850. They have three children — Charles W., born in June 1879; Maud F., born December 1881, and Baby, born August 1884. Ezra M. Marsh is a native of Grant county, Indiana, born January 16, 1840. He is a son of Enoch and Sidnie Marsh. Enoch Marsh with two of his daughters, Margaret and Minerva, came to Cass county in the fall of 1870, and bought a farm in section 22, Bear Grove township. The following spring he was joined by his wife, who was in feeble health having suffered from a paralytic stroke. She died in this township in 1876. Enoch Marsh has since his wife's death, lived a portion of the time, wi.th his son Ezra, and the remainder of his time at Atlantic. Ezra Marsh came to Cass county in the fall of 1871. He was accompanied by his wife and two children. The first year they lived on the farm with his father, then settled on the farm they now occupy. It contains one hundred and sixty acres, lo- cated on sections 22 and 27. His residence is on 27. He was married June 6, 1860, in Grant county, Indiana, to Mary Louisa Evans, daughter of William M. Evans. She was born January 1, 1844. Ezra Marsh enlisted in September 1863, in Company K, Fortieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, as a recruit and joined the regi- ment at Columbia, Tennessee. He was in the famous battle at Franklin, Tennes- flee, in December 1864, and later at Nash- ville, and with General Thomas in pursuit of Hood's array as long as that army had an existence. They were in winter quar- ters at Huntsvilla, Alabama. He was hon- orably discharged June 16, 1865. Mr. and Mrs. Marsh have five children — Alice M., Rosa Belle, Joseph R., Minnie and George Leroy, Oscar Stormer is a son of John and Bethany (Hall) Stormer, pioneers of Des Moines county, Iowa. John Stormer is still living on the old hpmestead in that county. Mrs. Stormer died October ], 1855. Oscar Stormer was born in Des Moines county, October 19, 1 844. He came to Bear Grove in 1870, and bought the northeast quarter of section 23, which was unimproved prairie. He settled here two years later, and commenced improve- ments. He was married November .30, 1876, in Atlantic, to Mary Helen Wright, daughter of John E. and Helen E. Wright. John E. Wright died in Atlantic town- ship, May 24, 1882. Mrs. Wright and two daughters are "now living in that town. Mrs. Stormer was born in Des Moines county, July 2, 1860. They have five children — John C. and Jennie C, (twins), Maritta May, Henry Jefferson and Myron Oscar. Mr. Stormer is serving his second term as school director. In 1882 he was elected justice of the peace. He is an enterprising and public spirited citizen. Ober P. Viersen was born in Holland, March 6, 1839, and is a son of Peter Vier- sen. His parents emigrated to Anierica in 1847, landed at New York, and went directly to St. Louis, where they remained a short time, then came to Iowa and lo- cated in Marion county, where they were among the early settlers. Mr.Viersen, Sr., followed farming in that county until 1878, when he moved to Des Moines, rr ^* 130 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. '-^ where he still resides. His wife died. in 1851. Ober P. Viersen and Mary Starr were married October 18, 1859, in Marion county. She was born in Colchester, Chittenden county, Vermont, August 18, 1841. Her parents, Lovell and Betsy Starr, moved to 'Canton, St. Lawrence county, New York, when she was very young, and in 1858, to Marion county, Iowa. Mr. Starr died July 26th, of the same year. His wife died in St. Lawrence county, in 1844. In 1864, Mr. and Mrs. Viersen moved to Nebraska, bought land and farmed two years, then sold out and came to Cass county. They bought the farm made by the pioneer settler, H. B. Roselle, consisting of one hundred and twenty acres on sections 28 and 29. Mr. Viersen has since sold forty acres and bought eighty. His farm now contains one hundred and sixty acres, all highly improved. There is an orchard on the place, planted by Mr. Roselle, with trees which he brought from the east. It is now in splendid bearing condition, and probably the oldest orchard in the county, having been planted in 1856. Mr. and Mrs. Viersen have had eight children — George, born in 1860, and died at the age of fourteen months; Mary A., born in 1862, now the wife of William P. "Wilson; Lovell S., born in 1863, and was married the 8J,h of October, 1884, to Miss Estella Roland, in Stanton county, Nebraska, where he lives; Minnie, born in 1868, and died in infancy; Milton E., born in 1867; Edgar B., born in 1871; Anna E., born in 1874; Jennie G., born in 1877; Lillian A., born in 1880, and Ada Jane, born in 1883, Mr. Viersen has served as school director, and is one of the substantial citizens of the town. Mrs. Viersen is a member of the Starr family, who have quite a history of their own. The first of the family came from England in 1628. He was the only son of wealthy parents, but falling in love with a Scotch girl, whom he was not per- mitted to marry, he ran away with her, and carrying off, at the same time, his father's gold-headed ivory cane, and gold snuff box. The cane had his father's initials, C. S., upon it, his name being Comfort Starr. The old gentleman, as was often the case in those good old days, cursed his son bitterly, praying that he and his descendents should suffer the pangs of poverty. There are now some five hundred of these descendents living, and among them are many who have out- lived the curse. Reunions are held at the old home in Vermont, and the old cane and snuff-box are always present. There has always been a Comfort Starr to own the cane; the youngest one now is twelve years old, and is living in Brown county, Nebraska. Rev. W. M. Graham was born in West- moreland county, Pennsylvania, Septem- ber 20, 1834. He is a son of Andrew and Margaret Graham. The former died in "Westmoreland county. The latter is now living upon the old homestead. The Sub- ject of this sketch was educated in the common schools, and after an academic preparation, entered the junior class at Madison college, Ohio, and graduated from that institution, September 15, 1858. He was married on the same day, to Eliza M. Findley, a native of Antrim, Guern- sey county, Ohio, born August 7, 1833. His study preparatory to entering the <^ '«■ i:^ Alj HISTORY OF CASS COUNT F. 731 ministry, was done at Allegheny Theo- logical seminary, under the auspices of the United Presbyterian church. He con- tinued studying four years, and in 1861, commenced his ministerial labors. Until he came west, his attention was devoted almost entirely to the ministry. He came to Cass county in February, 1867, and bought the farm he now owns and occu- pies. It is located in section 11, of Bear Grove, and contains one hundred and twenty acres of finely improved land. On account of failing health, he has been obliged of late years to abandon preaching. Since coming to this county he has given much time to his chosen work, preaching three years at Adair. Mr. and Mrs. Graham are the parents of four children, two now living — Samuel F., born November 19, 1864, now at home, and Andrew Ross, born October 6, 1870. Mr. Graham has served as town trustee, school director and assessor. Andrew H. Graham, brother of Rev. W. M. Graham, and bis wife. Rose B. Graham, came to Cass county in 1870, and settled where they now live in section 2, Bear Grove. They have eleven children — Andrew L., George M., Florence M., Robert F., James I. Harry M., Margaret, Amy M., Gertrude, Genevieve and Helen. Mr. Graham has a fine farm of one hundred and sixty acres. Samuel B. Kegarioe was born in Bed- ford county, Pennsylvania, September 12, 1825. His parents, Jacob and Barbara Kegarice, died in that county. Samuel ^ns reared on a farm, and at the age of Seventeen years, went to serve an appren- ticeship at the blacksmith trade. He was married August 14, 1848, to Hester Ann Thomas. Mr. Kegarice followed his trade in Bedford county until the fall of 1858. He then moved to Springfield, Missouri, where he was living when the war broke out. Being a strong Union man he was compelled to leave the State, his life be- ing in danger. He left behind him about three thousand dollars worth of property, of which he has never recovered a doltar. He went to Bureau county, Illinois and worked at his trade until 1870. He came, in that year to Cass county, and settled in Bear Grove township where he now lives. He owns a farm of forty acres. After coming here, he followed his trade until 1881. He now rents his shop. Mr. and Mrs. Kegarice have two children — Josiah, born April 14, 1849, now married to Birdie Copeland, and Mary Ann, born September 14, 1850, living at home with her parents. Charles J. Olson was born in Sweden, October 9, 1830. He came to America in 1857, and located in Henderson county, Illinois, where he ren^ained until 1862, then removed to Jefferson county, Iowa. In 1873 he came to Cass county and pur- chased eighty acres in section 22, where he now lives. He was married Novem- ber 19, 1863, to Charlotte Anderson, a sister of C. J. Anderson. She was born in Sweden, January 22, 1835. They have four children — Mary C, wife of Frank Blaser of Noble; Albert O., Carrie J. and Frank E. OKGANIC. The board of supervisors of the county, in response to a petition that had been presented, on the Uth of Jun«, 1869, or- dered the_ organization ofjcongressional ^^ ^^— ^ -4 s> 11^ 732 HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. township 75, range 36, into a civil town- ship to be known as Bear Grove, and or- dered that C. A. Hebing act as the or- ganizing officer. The election was held at the Roselle school house, on the 12th day of October, and the following officers chosen, the first in the new township: Loi'enzo D. Marsh* Henry Stone and Wil- liam Martin, trustees; William Farmer, clerk; Henry Stone, assessor; C. T. Sum- ers, justice of the peace; Isaac Marsh, constable; and H. G. VanVlack, super- visor. There were but eleven votes cast at this election. The present officers of the township are as follows: Alexander Hyndman, Joel Perkins and J. C. Brad- bury, trustees; J. J. Tippey, clerk; Oscar Stormer and H. R. Lee, justices; George F. Case and H. W. Runte, constables; C. W. Andrews, assessor; John Bell, J. C. Bradbury, Jacob Wissler, John Boiler, H. D. Brown, C. H. Fleagle, Eli Adams and J. O. Russell, road supervisors. GALION POST OFFICE. This office was established in Novem- ber, 1880, and S. B. Kegarice, was com- missioned post master. He kept the office in his blacksmith shop, that he was run- ning on section 27. The present postmas- ter is J. B. Thomason, who has a store on the northwest quarter of the southwest quarter of section 27, and has the office in his store. A blacksmith shop was established in 3 870, on section27,byS.B. Kegarice, who continued to operate it for about ten or eleven years, when it he leased it to his son, who ran it for two years, when it passed into the hands of the present smith, Robert Sharp. EDUCATIONAL. The first school house in the township was erected by H. B. Roselle, in 1862 or 1863, on section 29. Hannah Disbrow, now the wife of Benton Morrow, taught the first term of school in this building, which was also the first in the township. The building proved too small for the purpose intended, and was afterward sold to O. Vierson, who uses it as a granary at present. One of the early schools in this town- ship was obtained and conducted in an entirely original manner. A man, who was sub-director for his district, induced a friend to represent him to the county superintendent as being well qualified for the position of teacher. His excuse for not seeing that official in person was urgent business in another direction. The friend secured a certificate for him, and being sub-director, he hired himself and taught by proxy, his wife doing, or pre- tending to do, the teaching. She began with six or seven pupils, but they dropped off, one by one, until she had but two or three left. One day a neighbor from another district, seeing one of her former pupils running at large, asked him why be was not in school. "Oh, 'cause the school ain't worth a ; the school- marm washes, cooks, sweeps and keeps school all at one time; then she doctors folks, too." She taught in the same shanty in which the family resided, and when the sub-director went to draw his pay, he brought in a bill for fuel, house rent and teacher's salary. Vl. ^iv M - 736 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. d2^ section 29, where they lived until March, 1875, when they sold and bought the farm they now own and occupy. He owns eighty acres where he resides, and one hundred and sixty acres on section 26. All of this land is in a good state of cul- tivation. Mr. and Mrs. Edwards have no children of their own. Cora M. Chap- man, a sister of Mrs. Edwards, was reared by them. She is now the wife of Edwin Petit, of this town. The year Mr. Ed- wards came here, Indians were often seen. A party of forty Indians camped for sev- eral days near his residence, during their first year here. John H. Green, one of the prominent and successful farmers of Union town- ship, was born on the aoth of October, 1840 and is the first white child born in Jones county, Iowa. His father, Thomas Green, was a pioneer of Jones county, settling there in July, 1840, and there re- mained until 1876, when he went to At- lantic, Cass county, remained here about five years, when he moved to Pymosa township, and there remained until his death, which occurred in July, 1883. John H. was reared on a farm, and with the ex- ception of his service and about eighteen months at carpenter work, he has devoted his life to agricultural pursuits. In 1861, he enlisted in company A., Ninth Iowa Infantry. The first important engage- ment in which he participated, was at Pea Ridge. He was also in the siege of Vioksburg, battle of Jackson, in Hooker's battle above the clouds on Lookout Moun- tains, at Mission Ridge and several others. He was with Sherman in his march to the sea, through the Carolinas. Mr. Green was promoted from second ser- geant to first lieutenant, in October, 1863. At the close of the war he was discharged, and soon returned to Jones county, where he was married in 1869, to Martha E. Bennett. Soon after their marriage, John came to Cass county, and bought one hundred and sixty acres of good land on section 15, Union town- ship, where he now owns the model farm of the township. He is known through- out this region, as an excellent stock breeder. Prosper Pettinger is a native of Luxem- burg, born January 12, 1853. He came to America in March, 1872, landing at New York. He came directly west to Dubuque county, where he lived three years, then came to Cass county, and bought two hun- dred and eighty acres of land in Union township. He has since added four hun- dred and five acres to his farm and now has one of the largest farms in the township. June 10, 1874, he was married to Catharine Sauser, daughter of John B. Sauser, of Dubuque county. She was bt)rnJuly20, 1851. They have six chil- dren—John B., Robert G., Leo P., Pros- per H., Walter T. and Celestine M. Mr. Pettinger is an energetic, thorough-going farmer. John W. Graham was born in St. Joseph county, Michigan, May 27, 1842. His father, John Graham, moved to Iowa, in 1853, and settled in Jones county, where he bought land and.made a farm. He was formerly a miller. He died in Jones county in 1869. His widow, Mary Gra- ham, still survives and lives in that coun- ty. John W. Graham was married Sept- ember 25, 1867, to Mrs. Ruth Van Dress- er, who was born September 25, 1844, m ^- A HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. m Indiana. Her father, James H. Waldron, settled in Jones county in 1853, and still lives there. Mr. and Mrs. Oraham came to Cass county in June, 1872, and bought one hundred and twenty acres on section 31, Union township, which is now all un- der cultivation. All of the improvements have been made by Mr. Graham. They have six children — Leon W., born in July, 1868; John H., born in July, 1870; Nellie May, born in March, 1874, Minnie, born in December, 1876, Sadie, boru in Sept- ember, 1878; a'd Emma, boru in January, 1883. Mr. Graham was a member of company G, Thirty-first Iowa Volunteers. He' was present at Sherman's defeat on the Yazoo river, in December, 1862, at the capture of Arkansas Post, at Jack- son, Champion Hill, siege of Vicks- burg, battle of Lookout Mountai , and other engagements. He participated in Sherman's grand march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Washington, and was present at the grand review of Sherman's army at that cily. He took part in twenty-seven battles. His regi- ment was never engaged without his be- ing in the ranks. He was mustered out as a non-commissioned officer. Mrs. Graham was first married to Charles Van Dresser, March 7, 1865, a :d lived at Wy- oming, Jones "county. She had, by her first marriage, one child, Charles L., wlio is an adopted son of Mr. Graham. Daniel P. Roberts, son of Adolpli and Elizabeth Roberts, was born February 4, 1841, in Athens county, Ohio. In 1843 his parents came to Iowa and located in Linn county. They had a family of eight children.of whom Daniel P. was next to the youngest. In 1 849 they removed to John- son county, where the father died in 1872. The mother is still living upon the old homestead with her daughter, Mary. Daniel P. Roberts, in August, 1862, en- listed in company E, of the Twetity-eighth Iowa Volunteer Infantry. He participa- ted in the campaign against Vicksburg, the battle of Port Gibson and Champion Hill, where he received a wound in his right leg, on account of which he was dis- charged at St. Louis, December 21, 1863. He returned to Johnson county, and was married to Margaret Alt, soon after. She was born in Johnson county, February 28, 1841. He engaged in farming in that county until 1878, then came to Cass county and bought one hundred and sixty acres in section 33, Union township, which is his present residence. He has a tine farm in a high state of cultivation. Mr. and Mrs. Roberts are the parents of five children — Cyrus, born in May, 1865; Cora, born in February, 1870; Sarah, born in January, 1874; Vance, born in April, 1877, and Alice, born in December, 1880. Mr. Roberts is a worthy citizen and a Chris- tian gentleman. Edwin Perry was born October 1, 1847, in Rockford, Winnebago county. Illinois. His father, Rufus Perry, emigrated to Jones county, Iowa, with his family, in 1855. Rufus Perry and his wife Cather- ine Perry, are now living in the village of Wyoming, Jones county. Edward Perry enlisted in October, 1863, in company L, of the Second Iowa Cavalry, and served until the close of the war, was discharged September 19, 1865. He participated in the battle of Tupelo, and the campaign against General Hood, in Tennessee. After the war, he went to Jones county. •^ « 738 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Iowa. In the spring of 1866, he crossed the plains to Colorado, and stopped at Denver, where he purchased a team and did general teaming one year, then went to Cheyenne and Laramie Plains and re- mained one winter, hauling ties for the Union Pacific Railroad company. Tlie following season, 1868, he worked with his team, on the railroad construction at Echo Canon, about sixty miles from Salt Lake City. He then returned to Jones county, Iowa, reaching home in October, 1868. The following year he farmed on rented land. In the spring of 1870, he came to Cass county, and rented a farm on section -28, Union township, on which he remained and raised two crops. In the meantime he purchased forty acres on sec- tion 27, to which he removed in the fall of 1870, and upon which he now resides. He has, since that time, added one hun- dred and twenty acres- to his farm and now has one hundred and sixty acres un- der good improvement. Mr. Perry was married November 15, ]868, to Margaret Guthrie, who is of Scotch descent, bat born in Connecticut, August 13, 1848. Her .parents are Clement and Agnes Guthrie, natives of Scotland, now resi- dents of Jones county, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Perry have had eight children born to them — Emrie, born in November, 1869; Clement, born July,187l, and died in September 1872; Rosetta, born in Decem- ber, 1872; "William, born in February, 1874, and died in August, 1874; Ira, born in August, 1875; Agnes, born in March, 1877; George, born in September, 1878, and Edwin, born in May, 1882. Mr. Perry is a man much esteemed in the township, and has served as a member of the town board eight years, one-half of that lime as chairman; three or four terms as school director, also as road supervisor. Lafayette M. Johnson is a son of one of the pioneers of Cass county, Isaac Johnson, who settled here in the fall of 1858. He (Isaac Johnson) bought land on section 17, Edna township. Isaac John- son was born in New York, while his wife, Sophronia, was born in Ohio. They came to Iowa from Rock county, Wiscon- sin . Mr. Johnson is one of the substan- tial citizens of the town. The subject of this sketch, Lafayette M. Johnson, was born in Rock county, Wisconsin, April 8, 1853. He remained with his parents until becoming of age, and was reared a farmer. He was married, September 26, 1 875, to Emma Hosfield, a native of New York. They have had five children, three of whom died in infancy. The two now liv- ing are — Elmer W., born January 1, 1877, and Allie Maud, born December 31, 1883. Mr. Johnson's farm is located on section 36. He is an enterprising and intelligent young man, and has been identified with the county from childhood. Charles W. Mountain is a son of James and Esther Mountain, born in Virginia, September 29, 1846. His parents moved to Tennessee, and remained there until 1856, when they came to Warren county Iowa, where they were among the early settlers. In 1869 they removed to Kan- sas, where James Mountain died, March 3, 1880. His wife died in that State, December 25, 1876. Charles W. Moun- tain, in June, 1863, enlisted in company M, Eighth Iowa Cavalry, and served until July, 1865. His first experience of active service was during the campaign against -¥> -^ HISTORY OF CASS COFNTT. '739 Johnston's army, in 1864. He took part in all the engagements of his regiment up to the date of his capture by the rebels in the raid made by Generals Stoneman and MeCook in the rear of Atlanta, in July, 1864. He was taken to Andersonville, and kept there one month. A brother of his, William Mountain, was also a prisoner there previous to this time. He (Wil- liam) died at Annapolis, Maryland, shortly after being exchanged. Charles W. was removed from Andersonville to Florence, where he was kept a prisoner about live months, and was removed around the country several weeks, to avoid his rescue by the Union forces. He was finally given up, after the surrender of Lee, and John- ston's surrender, at Wilmington, North Carolina. His health was much impaired, and he soon after became sick from eating too much. He believes himself a suiferer to this day from the effects of prison life. He returned from the army to War- ren county, Iowa, in July, 1865. In 1869 he came to Cass county, and purchased forty acres of land in Atlantic township, on which he lived two years, and then re- turned to Warren county. One year later he again came to this county, and bought the farm he now owns and occupies. It consists of one hundred and sixty acres on section 11, which at the time of his purchase, was unimproved, but is now in a high state of cultivation. Mr. Mountain was married, in September, 1865, to Al- maretta Foust,who was born in September, 1848, in Ohio. They have five children — Ida May, William Scott, Benjamin Clay- ton, James Oscar and Charles Wesley. Edwin F. Lee, son of John and Hannah Leo, was born November 2, 1842, in Cum- berland county. New Jersey. His father died in that State in 1864. His mother is still living there. Mr. Lee has no relatives in this State, with the exception of an uncle in Polk county. Edwin F. Lee was employed by the government in the naval transportation service, from the spring of 1861 to the spring of 1864. In March, 1864, he went to Illinois, and engaged in farming in Mason county until 1871. He was married in that county, September 22, 1864, to Charlotte Chester, who was born in Cumberland county, New Jersey, in April, 1845. She is a daughter of Thomas and Dorothea Cbester. Mr. and Mrs. Lee came to this county in 1871, and bought the farm they now occupy. He first purchased forty acres, to which he has since added one hundred and twenty acres. It is located on section 27. Mr. Lee aid wife have three children — Ma- hala, wife of Preston J. Hillyard, of this towrship; Henrietta and Selinda. Mr. Lee has served several terms as member of the township board of trustees, has been school director four or five terms, and township treasurer one term. He is a useful and highly respected citizen. Jeremiah E. Todd was born June 6, 1847, in Hancock county, Ohio. He is a son of George and Rachel (Needles) Todd, natives of Ohio. He lived in his native Slate until November, 1864, when he en listed as a recruit in company A, of the Twenty-first Ohio Infantry, and served six months. He was mustered into ser- vice at Columbus, Ohio, and out at the same place. He returned home in good health and resumed farming. In 1866 he came to Iowa, and settled on a farm in Linn counyt, with his uncle, George »1V ^ 740 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Needles. He remained there one year, and then returned to Ohio, but soon after came back to Linn county. He was mar- ried July 5, 1869, to Martha Chessman, of that county, but a native of Indiana, and daughter of John Chessman, who died April 19, 1883. They remained in Linn county till 1811, when he came to Cass county and bought forty acres of land in Atlantic township. He kept this land until 1883, then sold it and purchased eighty acres of unimproved land in tne southwest quarter of section 5, Union township, where he now resides. His farm is now all under cultivation and well-improved. It is well watered by a creek which crosses the south side, and a branch, running through the east side of the farm. He is engaged in general farm- ing, and in addition to this, runs a thresh- ing machine during the fall season, with which he does a good business. Mr. Todd started in life poor, Uut by industry and perseverance, has already accumu- lated a comfortable property. Mr. and Mrs. Todd have two children— Edna May, born May 23, 1871, and Sarah Ellen, born May 6, 1884. John W. Crozier, son of Robert and Nancy Crozier, was born at Buffalo, New York, October 4, 1855. His parents were formerly from Ohio. They settled in Marion county, Iowa, about 1846. They were among the pioneers of that county. In 1850 they went to California, returning in 1855. On their journey home to Marion county, John W., the subject of this sketch, was born. The parents are still living in Marion county. John W. Crozier and Nancy Ann Elliott were mar- ried in that county on April 11, 1875. She is a daughter of William and Mary Elliott, formerly of Kentucky, and now of Marion county. Mrs. Crozier was born in Ken- tuck, May 11, 1853. November 7, 1881, Mr. Crozier bought of T. C. Dowell, the southeast quarter of section 15, Union township, and September 1st moved thither. Since that time he has added forty acres to his farm. Mr. and Mrs. Crozier have three children — Clyde E., born in Marion county, July 27, 1877; Omie Dell, born February 2, 1879, and Augusta, born December 28, 1883. Hall G. Van Viack wasborn in Dutchess county. New York, June 19, 1827. His father, Daniel Van Vlack, was a resident of New York until his death, which oc- curred in May, 1883. Hall remained with his parents until 1844, when he learned the carpenter trade. He worked at his trade in Dunkirk, about eleven years, when he went to Pennsylvania, and there worked in Erie and Titasville, for nearly five years, as a contractor and builder. He was one of the best of his profession in Pennsylvania, and in 1868 he came to Iowa, and settled at Des Moines, Polk county, where' he remained one year, and in the meantime he bought land in Cass county. On coming to Cass county he set- tled on section 11, Bear Grove township, and in 1869 he built a residence and be- gan improving his place. In 1870 he sold his property and purchased land in Union township, and has now one of the best farms in the county. He was united in marriage in 1850, to Elizabeth Maxham. Mrs. VanVlack is a native of New York State, and was born in February, 1829. The.y have been blessed with two sons — Orson, born in 1854, and George, in 1860. ^? «- spV ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 741 Mr. VanVlack has been a prominent man in the public affairs of the county. He was the first supervisor of the township of Bear Grove, and in 1812 was again elected supervisor of the county at large, for three years. George Bock, a native of New York city, was born September 24, 1842. He is a son of Gottfried Bock, who died in Johnson county, October 10, 1882. His wife, Margaret Bock, is now living in Johnson county. When the subject of this sketch was quite young, his parents moved to Washington county, New York. In 1863 they came to Iowa and settled in Cedar county. At the age of twenty-two years George left home and worked at general farm work in that county. He was married in March, 1870, to Angeline Chrisman, a daughter of John and Sarah Chrisman. John Chrisman died in Johnson county, April 19, 1882, and his widow lives, at present, with Mr. and Mrs. Bock. Mr. Book came to Cass county in 1873, and located on section 9, Union township, where he now lives. His farm contains one hundred and sixty acres, all under good improve- ment and fenced in forty acre fields, Mr. and Mrs. Bock have seven children — Emma, born August 10, 1871; Margaret, born August 17, 1873; Sarah, born Sept- ember 20, 1875; Susan, born September 17, 1877; George, born September 8, 1879; Gottfried, born June 4, 18S1, and Mar- tha, born July 12, 1883. Mr. Bock has served as school director, road super- visor and member of the board of trus- tees. Jonathan A.Taylor is a native of Clear- field county, Pennsylvania, born Novem- ber 10, 1828. His 'father, John M. Tay- lor, emigrated to Iowa, and settled in Scott county, about 1854. He moved to Cedar county, where he died in January, 1873. His wife, Mary Taylor, died about six months earlier. Jonathan A., subject of this sketch, spent his early life in his native State, and at the age of twelve years, began to earn his own living. In 1854 he came west and spent a short time during the Border Ruffian war, then re- turned to Linn csunty, where his parents were living. One year later he went to Kansas and took up land and remained there two years. He then settled in Iowa. After spending one year in Davenport, he went to Cedar county and lived twelve years. March 16, 1874, he came to At- lantic, and became a resident of Cass county, purchasing land on section 17, Union township. His farm contains one hundred and twenty acres of land, a fine farm, upon which he has made all of the improvements. Mr. Taylor was married at Cedar Rapids, November 24, 1859, to iVTay D. Cox, a daughter of Elijah and Jemima Cox, old settlers of Linn county. Mrs. Taylor was born March 16, 1841. They have had six children — William F., born in November, 1860, now living with his parents; Eva F., born in May, 1862, wife of A. O. Ludwig, of Union town- ship; John W., born February 10,1864, and died February 20, 1864; Lizzie, born in December, 1865, now the wife of Wal- lace Hardy, of Colfax county, Nebraska; Lydia A., born in May, 1869, and Alex- ander J., born in October, 1876. Jacob Trego was born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, in 1840. In 1841, his father, Curtis Trego, moved to Mercer 49 '- 1^ jy*- t\jL 742 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. county, Illinois, and later to Knox county then to Rock Island county; and tbence to Henry county, Illinois. In the fall of 1875 he came to Iowa, and settled in Madison county, where he died, August 25, 1883. His widow is still living in Madison county. Jacob Trego, at the age of nineteen, left the parental roof, that being in 1859, and the family then lived in Knox county, Illinois. He enlisted in 1861, in company C, of the One Hundred Second Illinois regiment. After servirig six montlis, he was discharged on account of disability. He was married June 30, 1861, in Mercer county, Illinois, to Han- nah Wilkins, who was born in New Jersey, November 34, 1843. They lived one year in Mercer county, then removed to Henry county, where he followed farm- ing. They came to Cass county in 1872, and bought land on. section 13, Union township, improved and made a farm. In 1874 he sold this place to his father-in- law, and moved to Dexter. Two years later he bought the farm he now owns and occupies, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres, all improved, on section 12. They have five children — Ida, Mary, Frances, Clarence W., Helen G. and Rash R. In August, 1807, Allen Trego was born and is a native of Bucks county, Penn- sylvania, and is the son of Jacob T.Vego. He was married in Bucks county, in Sep- tember, 1830,toKeziah Carver, a native of that county. They have had three chil- dren : Wilson, born in April, 1833, died 1834; Watson C, born in 1835, now a resident of Cass county, and Mary Ellen, wife of Cyrus Ulam, and died in Decem- ber, 1862, leaving one child — Rosa. Mr. Trego in 1843, moved to Mercer county, Illinois, and was engaged in farming, with the exception of four years, when he was engaged in the mercantile business in Henry county, Illinois, and in 1871 he came to Cass county, Iowa, and purchased four hundred and forty acres of land on sections 10, 11 and 13, Union township ; and beside this, now owns eighty acres on section 11 . He has deeded all his land except eighty acres, to his son Watson. Mrs. Trego died in August, 1882, and her death was greatly mourned by her husband and children. Mr. Trego is one of the prominent men of Union township, and is respected for his sterling, honest character. Watson C. Trego was born in July 1835, in Bucks county, Pennsylvania. He en- listed in August, 1862, in company C, One Hundred and Second Illinois Volun- teers, his health failed, and he was dis- charged on account of disability. He was married in Mercer county, UlinoiSj to Elizabeth K. Wilkins. They have six children: Rosa Ella, died in October, 1861; E.lith L., Edgar W., Mary B., Abby B., Allen W. and Nellie E. Mr. Trego served as school treasurer for two terms, has been school director and township as- sessor. He has been a very prominent man of his township, and is well known as an honest and upright citizen. Hiram W. Studley, one of the promi- nent men of Union township, was born in in New Bedford, Massachusetts, on the 24th day of November, 1834, and there grew to manhood. He emigrated to Rock Island, Illinois, in 1855, and a portion of the three following years was deputy ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ■743 county clerk of Rook Island county, Illi- nois ; enlisted at St. Louis, Missouri, in October, 1858, and served five years in the Seventh United States Infantry, and was discharged, at New York city, in 1863, as quarter-master sergeant. On his dis- charge he was employed in the quarter- master's department at New York, until October, 1864, when he went to Nashville, Tennessee, to serve as chief clerk under Brevet-Colonel F. J. Crilly, chief quarter- master United States military railroads, where he remained until March, 1866, when the officer was relieved and ordered to Washington, D. C, where he remained until August, 1867, when the oificer was again ordered to Philadelphia, Pennsylva- nia, and where he remained in the employ of the quartermaster's department United. States army, until November 1, 181\. He left the service, and was engaged as salesman in a wholesale house in Phila- delphia, until his settlement, in January, 1875, in Cass county, Iowa, where he bought one hundred and sixty acres of land on section 14, and made some fine improvements. He was married December 5, 1861, at Richland Grove, Illinois, to Lydia M. Trego, a daughter of Seth D. and'Martha K. Trego, of Mercer county, Illinois. They have had three children : Charles E., Samuel and Anne M. Samuel was born July 13, 1868, in Massachusetts, and died in May, 1871, at Philadelphia. Mr. Studley has held the oflSces of town- ship treasurer and justice of the peace. He was president of the school board, and has been entrusted with several other township offices. Jeremiah M. C. Keasey was born in Fairfield county, Ohio, November 10, 1826. His father, Christian Keasey, was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and re- moved to Fairfield county, Ohio, with his parents when quite young. He, (Chris- tian Keasey) died in Ohio in 1844. After his death his widow, Elizabeth Keasey, moved with her family, to La Grange county, Indiana, where she died in Nov- ember 1872. Jeremiah Keasey and Tem- perance Merrifield were married in that county. May 25, 1851. She was born in Huron county, Ohio, May 19, 1832. They lived in La Grange county and followed farming until 1862, when they moved to Jasper county, Iowa, and engaged in the same business. In 1873 they came to Cass county and bought forty acres of land in Franklin township, on which they lived five years. February 17, 1882, they moved to the farm which they now own and occupy, consisting of eighty acres on section 4, of Union township. Mr. and Mrs. Keasey have two children — John and Elmer. Elmer was m.arried in 1880, to Mary Lucass, and resides in Franklin township. John was married in 1884, to Minnie Folsom; they reside in Union township. H. V. Boggs, son of Henry Boggs, of this township was born in Galia county, Ohio, February 22, 1846. His parents moved to Jones county, Iowa, in the fall of 1855, and remained there until June 1869, when they came to Cass county. Mr. Boggs, Sr.,bought one hundred and fifty acres on section 29, and H. V., subject of this sketch, purchased eighty acres on section 20. The latter has since purchased eighty acres on section 30. Hiram V. Boggs was married June 17, 1874, to Esther Lloyd, a native of Wales, born August 16, 1855. She is a daughter ^JT A 744 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. i^ of Thomas Lloyd, who came from Wales to this country in October, 1868, and now resides in Edna township, Cass county. Mr. and Mrs. Boggs have two children — Beryl Margaret, born November 22, 1875, and Sarah Jane, born June 19, 1883. Henry Boggs was born in Galia county, Ohio, December 10, 1814. His father was Andrew Boggs, a son of Samuel Boggs, who was one of the early settlers of Ohio and formerly from Virginia. Henry Boggs was married to Sarah Vashti McDaniel, who died in 1847. He was again married to Levina Green, a native of Ohio. He had by his first marriage, one son — Hiram V.; by the second mar- riage, ten children — Ervin, Tempy Jane, Sarah, Dell, Louisa, Henrietta, Henry Clay, John, Elizabeth and Andrew Jack- son. William L. Whisler, one of the Cass , county pioneers, was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, in the town of New Lisbon, July 23, 1838. He is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth R. Whisler, pioneers of this county. They came here in 1855, from Whitney county, Indiana, where they had lived four years. They settled at Edna Grovfi, where Mr. Whisler, Sr., was post- master for a number of years. The old homestead is now owned and occupied by R. M.Whisler. The subject of this sketch, in 1859, went to Kansas and spent one year in teaming and breaking prairie, then returned home. In the spring of 1860, he went to Colorado with his broth- er, John Whisler, and they together pur- chased a mining claim and engaged in mining a part of the season. The latter part of the time William hauled quartz. Not being satisfied with the prospect, he returned in November, crossing the Platte river at Fort Kearney on the day Lincoln was elected president. In Aug- ust, 1862, he enlisted in Company I, Twenty-Third Iowa Volunteer In- fantry. His first active service was during the Vicksburg campaign. He par- ticipated in the battles of Port Gibson, Champion Hill and Black River Bridge. In the last battle, their colonel, William Kinsman, was killed, and the loss-of the regiment was very heavy. They lost during the space of ten minutes, 'one hundred and fifty men. They were sent to Memphis in charge of prisoners, then to Milliken's Bend where the regi- ment was again engaged and afterwards rejoined the brigade at the siege of Vicks- burg. He was in the battle at Jackson after the surrender of Pemberton, was then in the department of Louisiana and spent the winter of 1863-64 in Texas. He joined General Banks' force during the retreat of the latter from the Red river campaign, took part in the campaign against Mobile, was in engagements at Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, and again took part in a campaign in Texas. He was honorably discharged at Davenport, Iowa, as a non-commiesioned ofiicer, Au- gust 26, 1865. Mr. Whisler was wounded at Fort DeRussey,on the Red river, by the accidental discharge of a revolver in the hands of a Union soldier. He returned to the home of his father. He was mar- ried to Maria S. Mercer, daughter of Jesse and Rachel Mercer, of Pottawattamie county, Iowa, and soon after bought his present home on section 31, Union town- ship. His farm contains one hundred and twenty acres. Mr. and Mrs. Whisler have I®, 9 ^ Ml -&» HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 745 seven children — Jesse R., born in Decem- ber, 1867; Laura J., born in December, 1869; Lewis E., born in August, 1872; Laura M., born in August, 1875; Wilbur F., born in May, 1878; Floreuce E., born in March, 1881 and Mary O., born in Feb- ruary, 1884. In the fall of 1876 Mr. Whialer rented his farm here and re- moved with his family to Pottawattamie county to a farm which they owned near the village of Elliott. In the spring of 1881 they sold this place and returned to Cass county. Mr. Whisler in 1867 was township clerk of the territory including Victoria, Edna and Noble townships. He is a life member of the Iowa Soldiers' Orphan's Home association. G. A. Hebing was born on the banks of the river Rhine in Prussia, December 12, 1840. When nineteen years of age he came to America to seek a home. He landed at New York city, remaining there four weeks, then went to Sandusky, Ohio. Six weeks later he went to Davenport, Iowa, thence to Grinnell, where he re- mained four weeks. He next went to Council Bluffs and Omaha, and a few days later to Cass county. This was in 1857. In February, 1859 he, in company with eight others, crossed the plains to Central City, Colorodo and engaged in mining. He returned to Cass county in October of the same year. A few days after his re- turn he started East on a visit to New York city, Sandusky and other points. The following spring he came again to this county and soon after, again crossed the plains to Colorado. He remained there until the December following, then returned. August 1, 1862, lie enlisted in company I, of the Twenty-third Iowa Vol- unteers. He participated in engagements at Currant river, Missouri, Grand Gulf, Port Gibson, Raymond, Champion Hill and Black River Bridge. He was wound- ed at the latter place in the left leg, in consequence of which he suffered ampu- tation. He was removed, three weeks later to Jackson hospital at Memphis,then to Dodge hospital at St. Louis, thence to Jefferson barracks and there discharged as convalescentj and returned to Cass county. Three months previous to en- listment he was married to Mary E. Chap- man, a daughter of one of the pioneers of Adair county. She was born in Feb- ruary, 1841. After his return from the army, Mr. Hebing began improving a farm in Bear Grove township, on which he lived until December, 1882, then sold and moved to his present farm in Union town- ship. It is located on section 20, and con- tains seven hundred and twenty acres with five hundred acres improved. This is the largest farm in the township. The land lies on sections 20, 21 and 29. His residence is on section 20. Mr. and Mrs. Hebing have six children — Altha F., wife of W. R. Noland of Edna; Charles H., Frederick M., Lena A., Mattie ahd Mary Maud. Lewis L. Durham was born in Lewis county. New York, March 24, 1830. He lived in Lewis and Jefferson counties un- til about nineteen years of age. His father was a farmer and he was reared to that pursuit. His father died in Jeffer- son county, and his mother died while on a visit to him (Lewis) in La Salle county, Illinois. At the age of eighteen years he first came west and remained a few months in Michigan, then returned to ^i 'F l\i^ V46 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. New York. In 1850 he again came West and about a year later started overland for California, but abandoned the trip near Fort Laramie and returned to La Salle county, Illinois. He was married October 3, 1851, to Lucetta M. Jones, who was born near Crawfordsville, Pennsylvania, in 1832. He remained in La Salle county, until 1854, then came to this State and 3,nd located in Benton county, where he purchased and improved a farm of two hundred acres. In 1856, he sold out and removed to Hardin county, where he bought a partially improved farm of one hundred and forty-five acres, which later he enlarged to seven hundred acres. When the war broke out he enlisted in company 0, of the Sixth Iowa Volunteers, and was mustered in as a non-commis- sioned ofiicer. He participated in all of the engagements of his regiment, except that of Jackson, when he was in the hos- pital, which included the battles of Pitts- burg Landing, siege of Corinth, siege of Vicksbarg, and in the army of Sherman which went to the relief of Chattanooga; also the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge, and other important en- gagements. The last ten months of his ser- vice he was orderly sergeant of the Fourth Wisconsin Regiment, Pioneer Corps. He returned to Hardin county, Iowa, and re- mained until 1878, when he came to Cass county, and is now identified with all of its material interests. His farm contains two hundred and sixty acres, on sections 29 and 30, all under good improvement. Mr. Durham's present wife was formerly Anna Onions, who was born in Eugland in 1846. They were married in 1873. Six children have been born to them, two of whom are deceased — Lewis, died at the age of three years and seven months; Lillie Viola was born in 1873; Olive May in 1875; Orrin (deceased) in 1877; Anna Laura in 1878, and James Garfield in 1880. William A. Petit was born near Water- town, Jefferson county. New York, July 15, 1827. His father, Daniel Petit, lived in that county all of his life, with the ex- ception of the last fifteen years. He died in St. Lawrence county a few years since. William A., on attaining manhood, went to Waupacca county, Wisconsin, where he worked at farming and in the pineries, about ten years. He then went to Win- nebago county, Illinois, and engaged in farming.near Rockford, remaining there until June, 1876, when he came to this county, and settled on land previously purchased, on section 14 of Union town- ship. He has resided here continuously since that time. His farm contains one hundred and sixty acres, all improved. Mrs. Petit was formerly Eliza M. Ho- bart, and their marriage took place Octo- ber 2, 1853. They have eight children — Edwin W., born in January, 1859, now residing in this township; Henry A., born in April,! 861,now station agent in Wiota; Willie M., born in May, 1863, now living with his parents; Albert II., born in February, 1865; Frank C„ born in February, 1868; Clara Louisa, born in February, 1870; Earl D., born in Novem- ber, 1873;and Alice May, born in October, 1877. Mr. Petit is a good citizen, and is highly respected. Josiah Snively was born in Washington county, Maryland, February 11, 1811. His early life was spent in his native -tu — ^ ■ ■M " «• A HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY, 747 State, On attaining bis n]ajority,*he went to Ogle county, Illinois, where be was married, June 1, 1857, to Pboebe Hurd, who was born in New Hampshire, Sep- tember 1, 1833. In 1870 they removed to Linn county, Kansas, where he engaged in buying and selling stock. He came to Cass county in 1874, and purchased the northwest quarter of section 11, Union township. This land he improved, and the family have resided there since that time. Josiah Snively died. May 31, 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Snively had four children born to them — Edward, born in March, 1855, now living in Vermilion county, Illinois; Laura, born in May, 1858, now a teacher in the public schools of Atlantic. Charles, born in June, 1863, and Hattie, born in November, 1864. Philip Trainer is a native of Wisconsin, born August 15, 1850. His father, Wal- ter Trainer, died in Dodge county, Wis- consin, when Philip was quite young. His mother, Ann Trainer, died in Dodge county, February 4, 1870. Philip lived with his mother most of the time until he became of age. He was there en- gaged in the pineries, lumbering, log- drawing and sub-contracting,from the time he was eighteen years of age until he left Wisconsin. In 1 875 he came to this county and has resided here continuously since that time. He purchased land on section 36, Franklin township, and there opened a farm of one hundred and twenty acres, which he sold in the fall of the same year, and purchased one hundred and sixty acres in section 5, Union township. He was married January 3, 1878, to Alice Conine, who was born in Columbia county, Ohio, August 5,1861. Her father, Isaac Conine, came west and settled in Jones county, in 1868, and in 1870 came to Cass county and settled in Atlantic township, where he resides at present. Mr. and Mrs. Trainer have had three children — Arthur, (deceased), Rosetta and Frank Ray. Mr. Trainer is a member of the town board of trustees. He has served as road supervisor, and in 1884 was a candi- date for county supervisor of the Fifth district. EDUCATIONAL. The school board of Union township is at present as follows: E. R. Moore, president; George VanVlack, secretary; H. W. Studley, treasurer; R. J. McNally, John Michaels, H. W. Studley, W. B. Edwards, Henry Boggs, J. R. Carter, E. R. Moore, directors. Among the first terms of school taught in the township, was a term by Laura Woodward, in the spring of 1865, in the southwest corner of the township. School district No. 1 has a school house on the northeast corner of section 11, near Seven-Mile creek. The district in- cludes the territory contained in sections 1, 2, 11 and 12. The building was erected in 1881, at a cost of seven hundred and seventy-five dollars. Carrie Neely was the first teacher in this building. The present director is R. J. McNally. The first school taught in the district was about the year 1860, by Mrs. Sterling, in a house built by John Newlon, on section 1. -The building was a temporary affair, constructed of hickory poles, which were placed on end and thatched with mud. The Sterling family occupied the house at that time, and the scholars, about four in r Js= £1^ 748 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. number, assisted Mrs. Sterling in the care of the children. School district No. 2 embraces sections 5, 6, "7, 8, 17,18, 19 and 20. It has a school house located on the northeast corner of section 19, erected in June, 1873, at a cost of six hundred and seventy-five dollars, and is 22x32 feet in size. The first teacher in this building was Anna Hand- ley. The present teacher is Anna Stewart, with John Michaels director, School district No. 3 has a house on the southwest corner of section 25, which was erected in the summer of 1879, at a cost of six hundred and fifty dollars. To G. W. Poppy belongs the credit of teaching the first term of school in this building. The present teacher is Ella Potter, with H. W. Studley director. School district No. 4 has a school house house on the southeast corner of section 28, erected in 1874. The district embraces the territory contained in sections 27, 28, 33 and 34. The first teacher in the dis- trict was Mattie Chapman . Katie Jem- erson is the present teacher, and W. B. Edwards present directof. School district No. 5 embraces sections 29, 30, 31 and 32. The first house in this district was built in 1868 or 1869, at a cost of about five hundred dollars, and was situated on section 29. Mary Ben- nett was the first teacher in this building. The edifice was subsequently sold, when the present house was erected in a more convenient place, on the northeast corner of section 31, in 1876. William Vrooman was the first teacher in the new house, and John Graham was the first director of the district. The present teacher is Albert H. Perryman, and Henry Boggs is now director. School district No. 6, includes sections 3, 4, 9 and 10. The school house, which was erected at a cost of $684, in 1880, is. located on the southeast corner of section 4. Mary R. McNally taught the first term of school in this building, and Amy Marker is the present teacher, with J. R. Carter, director. School district No. 7, embracing sec- tions 25, 26, 35 and 36, has a school house on the southwest corner of section 25, erected in the summer of 1884, at a cost of $790. Ida Moore was the first and present teacher,with E. R. Moore,director. ' ORGANIC. Union township was originally known as Breckeiiridge, and contained the ter- ritory now occupied by Massena and Union. It was organized September 6, 1858j by S. L. Lorah, county judge, and named after John C. Breckenridge, then vice-president. As the sentiment of that township was strongly in favor of the Union forces, after the war broke out, and John C. Breckenridge became a -major- general in the rebel army, the name of the township was changed to Union, at the September meeting of the board of super- visors, in 1862, by motion of John H. Hardenburgh. At the first election held in Breckenridge township, in October, 1858, the following, ofiicers were elected, the election being held at the house of Peter Hedgesi I. S. Rich, clerk; F. H. Whit- ney, assessor; Peter Hedges, John Whit- ney, justices of the peace; George Shan- non, A. T. Whitney, constables; Peter Hedges, F. H. Whitney, L. W. Winkley, trustees, and George Shannon, supervisor. J^l HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. T49 -^ The first election held in Union township, was October 14, 1862, at the house of F. H. Whitney, when the following officers were elected: John M. Scott, clerk; T. T. Rogers, assessor; James M. Hedges, constable; John Meredith, road super- visor; T. T. Rogers, F. H. Whitney, J. M. Scott, trustees. The present officers of Union township, are: W. A. Dowell, clerk; S. I. Chester, assessor; Hiram Studley, justice of the peace; Thomas Morgan, Orlando Trego, constables; Ed- win Trainer; W. B. Speron, trustees; William Roberts, A. Sherwin, William Cool, Louis Bennett, Prosper Pettinger, Charles Bjttman, Enos Moore, D. P. Roberts, J. M. Chew, road supervisors. GENBEAL STOEK. At the southeast corner of section 30, there was a small store of general mer- chandise. It was established in July, 1884, and owned by M. S. Durham and Company. It was soon afterward discon- tinued. BLACKSMITH SHOP. At this point, there is also a blacksmith shop, owned by John E. Beckwith. He established this enterprise in August, 1884. HISTOEICAL. The first marriage of Massena, was that of John Whitney and Mrs. Page, in the fall of 1860. Mrs. N. M. Whitney cooked the first meal at Whitneyville, prepared by a lady. An early death of the township, was that of May Edwards, who was killed by a cane mill, on section 21, in the fall of 1867. CHAPTER XXIX EDNA TOWNSHIP. Lying in the southern line of townships, the second from the eastern boundary of the county, is the sub-division of Cass county, known as Edna. Beautifully diversified as its surface is, with groves, and streams, hills, valleys and plains, it vies with any of the bright galaxy of townships that go to make up the county, in picturesqueness and beauty.. It is intersected, diagonally, by the West Nodaway, which enters the township on the east line of the northeast quarter of section 12, and crosses sections 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 29, 30 and 31, making its exit on the west line of the southwest quarter of the latter. Whisler's Branch, a tribu- tary of this stream, has its head waters partially on section 2, and flows through iBp*' ,Ma- liiL 750 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. sections 3 and 4, in a westerly course, and then bending to the south, crosses sec- tions 9 and 16, making a confluence with the main stream in the southwestern cor- ner of the latter. Several other smaller water courses, without names, or having but a local nomenclature, meander through various other parts of the township, draining the land thoroughly, and afford- ing a bountiful supply of excellent run- ning water for stock purposes. Several fine natural groves of timber dot the sur- face of the country, the largest and most important of which are Brenton's Grove, located on the west half of sections 14 and 23, and parts of sections 15 and 22, Edna Grove, on sections 20, 21 and 29, and the grove on sections 27 and 28. As is usual, all the first settlements were made in or about these groves, and in their vicinity the country has an older ap- pearance than in the open prairie portions of the township. The surface -is rolling prairie, for the most part, but some portions of it are rather hilly and broken, but not to a degree as to invalidate it for agricultural uses. The soil, in common with the rest of Cass county, is a rich, black loam, with a wonderful power of fertility, and richly repays the industrious, hard-working farmer who tills it. There are many fine, commodious farm houseswithin its borders, and these and the general air of thrift that pervades the whole, induces the be- lief in the prosperity of the people, who are, as a class, intelligent, enterprising and energetic agriculturalists. There is one regularly laid out town within its boi-ders, Reno, but which has never had any considerable growth, owing no doubt to its want of railroad facilities. This is spoken of further on. The township is bounded on the north by Union township, on the east by that of Victoria, on the west by. Noble, and on the south by Union county. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first to effect a permanent settle- ment in Edna township, was a man by the name of William S. Townsend who located on the northeast quarter of section 20 about the year 1852, when he erected a small log cabin. After a short residence here, he removed to the northwest quarter of section 21, and built a double log house on the south bank of the Nodaway river. This house was open to travelers, and for some time he carried on quite an extensive business in this line. Mr. Town- send was a Kentuckian by birth, and, al- though uneducated and somewhat rough in appearance, was an energetic and enter- prising citizen, and always a gentleman in his treatment toward others. The chris- tian name of his wife was Edna, and in honor of her, the township and postofBoe was so named by him. He remained here until 1855, when he removed to a point about two miles distant from where the town of Avoca now stands, in Pottawat- tamie county, where he engaged in the mercantile business. A few years after- ward he disposed of bis business there and went to Nebraska. Branch Miller was a native of Tennes- see, and first settled near Edna Grove, in 1853, and was a great hunter. He did not remain in the township very long, and since his removal therefrom, died. A son of hiSj by the name of Hurom, is now serving a life sentence in the penitentiary — s. '^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 751 for the murder of a man by the name of Dr. Glenn, in California. During the year 1853, James White, a native of Illinois, settled on section 15. He erected a frame house upon the place, where he lived a year or more, and then removed from the township. A man by the name of Prosser, settled on section 22, in 1853, where he built a double log cabin. A short time afterward he sold to a man by the name of Flowers, and left the country. In 1854 Flowers disposed of the property and returned to Illinois. Andrew Ams, a native of Pennsylvania, came to Edna from Illinois, and settled on section 17, in 1853. He remained in the •township a few years, when he returned to Illinois, and subsequently went to Missouri, where he now resides. In June, 1854, John Brenton, a native of Kentucky, settled on the old Prosser place, on section 22, purchasing it of Flowers. He remained a resident of the township until a short time prior to his death, making his home with his son, William P., who eame to Edna in' Octo- ber, 1854, and resides at present on sec- tion 23. John Brenton, was born in the Blue Grass region, Kentucky, 1797. His father, William Brenton was a native of Virginia, born on the south branch of the Potomac river. He served in the war for our independence, and after that time he came to Kentucky and remaining there some time he participated in the Indian war of 1799. He then emigrated with his family to what was then the territory of Louisiana, and settled in what is now known as Clark county. He purchased some fine timber land, which he improved for farming, and there he made his home until his death. John Brenton, was reared to manhood in the manner in which all young men were reared in those days, and was married in 1817, to Catherine Bullock, a native of Virginia. Soon after his marriage he settled in Clark county, and worked at his trade of boot and shoe-making, until 1830, when he moved to the Wabash valley, and there remained for two or three years, when he went to Clay county, Indiana, and re- mained a resident of that county until ) 854. He then sold out and started for Council Bluflfs, Iowa, with a team, and on reaching Edna Grove, he concluded it would be a good country for farming, so he bought land on section 22, and erected a log cabin, and began a pioneer's life. The first winter of his being a resident of his new home, he killed twenty-two deer, and thus kept the family well sup- plied with fresh meat. The next fall he went to live with his son William F., and there remained until May, 1868, when he went to Montgomery county to visit his children and remained until his death, which occurred in 1869. There were seven children in the family, three of whom are now living — Sarah, William F. and Nancy. William F. Brenton was born in Clark county, Indiana, on the 20th of August, 1827, and received his education, and was reared on a farm. He was married on the 13th of July, 1854, to Elvina Matthews, a native of Park county, Indiana. After his marriage, William started to join his p^irents in Iowa, and settled first on sec- tion 22, Edna township, and in company with his father he purchased 2,000 ^f^ \t® .s]J 752 HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. acres of land, and began dealing in real estate. In 1862 he settled on his present location, on section 23, where he has erected a large frame house and has a set of nice farm buildings. He has beautified -his place with shade trees, and has planted various kinds of fruits. Mr. Breuton has filled many offices of trust in the township, having been assessor and township clerk, and was a member of the school board for a number of years. Mr. and Mrs. Brenton have one child, Edna A. John Erwin, a native of Pennsylvania, came to Edna, from northei*n Indiana, in 155^, and settled on section ]7. He re- mained a resident of the township until the time of his demise. His son, Ilufus, came to the township with him and set- tled on section 30. He afterward removed to Page county, Iowa, where he has since died. Kirby H. Wilson made a settlement in Edna later than John Erwin, in 1854, on section 15, coming from IllinoiB. He re- mained here several years, when he sold his property, removing to Mills 'county, Iowa, where he engaged in the mercantile business. At present he is a resident of of Pottawattamie county, Iowa. Edward Porter came to Cass county in September, 1855, and settled in Round Grove, now a part of Edna township, and located on the farm owned by William S. Townsend, who was one of the first set- tlers in Cass county. Edward lived in a small log cabin until 1870, when he built a nice frame house, in which he now re- sides. Mr. Porter was born in Westmore- land county, Pennsylvania, on the Ist of February, 1813. When about ten years of age he moved with his father to Rich- land county, Ohio, and there remained until about twenty years of age. In the fall of 1838, he moved to Macon county, Illinois, where his father died, leaving Edward to support the family. Edward remained in that county until 1885, when he removed to Stark county, Illinois, and there remained a short time, when he came to Iowa, and has since made this his home. Mr. Porter was married in Stark county, Illinois, on the 25th of October, 1838, to Clarissa Powell, a native of New York State. They have had thirteen children, eight of whom are now living — Elizabeth, Jane, Amelia, Isaiah, Alice, John, Rosa and William. Daniel W., the eldest son, enlisted in 1862, in the Twen- ty-third Iowa Infantry, and died in the- service. Mr. Porter's mother died in 1883, in Stark county, Illinois, at the age of ninety-six years. William Gardner entered a tract of land in Edna township in 1855, and settled on it. He was a very enterprising man, and built, at his own expense, a bridge span- ning the Nodaway. In making his start in the township he had to go to Missouri to get his supplies. He removed from Edna to Atlantic township, in Turkey Grove. In 1855, Samuel Whisler, a native of Pennsylvania, emigrated from Wayne county, Indiana, and made a settlement on section 16. He improved a farm here, where he made his home until his death, which occurred November 17, 1876. He was born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, on the 24th of May, 1811, and when six years of age his parents moved to Colum- biana county, Ohio, where he grew to manhood, being reared on a farm and ed- 7f ^* l\^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Y53 ucated in the public schools. When a young man he was engaged in clerking in a general store, and was later engaged in the business for himself. He married Elizabeth R. Pike, a native of Ohio, in 1837. In 1851 they moved to Indiana and located on a farm, where he lived until 1855, when he sold his place and started with tea4aa for Iowa. He settled on sec- tion 16, Edna township, where he built a small log cabin, and lived there until a few years before his death. There were six children in the family — Hugh, Wil- liam L , John T., Mary A., Matilda J. and Robert M. Mr. Whisler united with the Christian church at Cliurchill, Columbiana county, Ohio, and began preaching in that denomination, and a few years after he came West, was ordained and preached regularly until his death. Robert M. was born in Stark county, Ohio, on the 1th of February, 1848, and when seven years of age came to Cass county, and was there reared to manhood. He was married in 1883 to Mary Lloyd, a native of England. He now lives upon the old homestead, and his mother now makes her home with him. He is engaged largely in the stock business, principally cattle and hogs, and has a large quantity of grazing land. Joseph Edwards, a member of the board of trustees, came to Cass county in 1855, and settled on section 14, Edna township. He stopped but a short time there, wnen he returned to Illinois, and there remained until 1858, when, accompa- nied by his family, he started with a team for their new home. They brought their household goods and provisions, and camped out when they first ariived. He erected a log cabin in which the family lived for a number of years, when a frame house of considerable size took the place of the rude log cabin. His farm is pleas- antly located, and is known as one of the finest farms in the township. Mr. Ed- wards is a native of Morgan county, Illi- nois. He was married in 1851, to Isabella Bartles, and by their union nine children have been born — Hiram N., Joseph, Lafay- ette, Francis, Margaret L., Ella B,, Jacob S., Minnie May and Johnnie D. Mr. Ed- wards has always taken an interest in the public affairs, and has filled a number of offices of trust in the township. Samuel Wilson, one of the early settlers of Edna, came in 1856. He was born in Pennsylvania, in 1825, there was reared to manhood. He moved to West Vir- ginia when a young man, and was there married to Elizabeth Sutton, a native of that State. In 1856, he came to Cass county, settled in Edna township, and in 1858 in Edna Grove. He enlisted in 1862, in company H, Twenty-third Iowa In- fantry. He died in the service in 1863. His widow married John Erwin, who died in 1868, and then married Joshua Calvin, and now resides on the Erwin farm on section 30. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson had seven children — Mary, Sarah A., Wil- liam, Emeline, Martha J. and Amanda. Isaac Johnson, who resides in Edna township, came in November, 1858. Isaac Johnson was born in the town of Bethany, Genesee county. New York, in 1827, and there grew to manhood. He resided on a farm until he was fifteen years of age, when he learned the shoe- makers' trade. His father, Seril Johnson, was a native of Vermont, and when four I 1^ kU- 754 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 'M. years of age his parents emigrated to the Western frontier, and settled in Gene- see county. He married Miss Launda Greene. Isaac Johnson worked at his trade until he was eighteen years of age, when he moved to Ohio, and settled in Ashtabula county, at Rock Creek, and there worked at his trade. In 1850 he started with a team for Wisconsin, driv- ing through Michigan, Indiana and Illi- nois, and after driving about nine weeks, he located in Rock county, Wisconsin, and there remained until the fall of 1850, when he returned to Ohio, and there spent eighteen months, when he returned to Rock county, and continued farming, and working at his trade until November, 1858, when he started with a team for Cass county, and bought a homestead in Victo- ria township, and lived a short time in Lewis. In 1860 he made a visit to Pike's Peak, and on his return he began to work at his trade, at Lewis. In 1865 he settled at his present location, on section 5, Edna township, where he owns a farm of two hundred acres of land, and has one of the finest residences in the township. Mr. Johnson was married in January, 1847, to Miss Sophronia Walden, and by their union they have been blessed with six children— Earl W., Lafayette M., Ver- nett J., Oscar F., Eugene M. and El- mer G. William Perkins settled near Edna Grove in the summer of 1858, and in the spring of 1859, removed to Newlon's Grove, Union township, where he died. James Edwards came to Edna township about the spring of 1859. He owned no land, and after a short stay removed to Noble township. M. M. Edwards settled in Edna town- ship in 1859. He is now in Oregon. William Wilson came to Edna town- ship from Turkey Grove in the spl-ing of 1861, and removed to Union township in the spring of 1862. John Archer, justice of the peace of Edna township, was born in Clay county', Indiana, on November 23, 1842, and is the son of Benjamin Archer, a native of Ohio. When about eleven years of age, John emigrated with his parents to Iowa, and settled in Montgomery county, where his father bought a farm, and there remained until the time of his death. John en- listed in July, 1861, in company H, Fourth Iowa Infantry, and served until the close of the war. He was wounded once in the service, and was in thirty-two battles. Among the most important battles in which he took part were Pea Ridge, siege of Vicksburg, Lookout Mountain, and was with Sherman in his march to the sea. After his discharge he spent two years in Montgomery county, and then came to Cass county, where he pur- chased land on section 9, Edna township. In the spring of 1878 he came to Reno, and is now operating the Edna flouring mill. He was married in 1804 to Miss Mary Whisler, a native of Ohio. They .have six children — Samuel, Bertie, Tillie, El- lery, John W. and Orpha L. Mr. Archer was elected justice of the peace in 1882, and is the present incumbent. Charles W. Dutcher came to Cass county in 1870, and located in Noble town- ship, where he purchased land on section ■32. He improved a farm and built a nice comfortable house, and there remained about twelve years. He then sold his ']i HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 755 farm and bought in Edna township, where he now resides. He is a native of Cook county, Illinois, and was born on the 10th of April, 1840. His parents were early settlers of that county, and he there grew to manhood. When seventeen years of age he learned the carpenter trade, and worked in Chicago about four years, when he went to Kansas, and located in what is now Cherokee county, and was there en- gaged at working at his trade until the breaking out of the war, when he enlisted", and acted as scout for the Union army untU August, 1862, when here-enlisted in company D, Ninth Kansas Cavalry, and served until the close of the war. He participated in the engagements at Pea Ridge, Prairie Grove, Kane Hill, and sev- eral skirmishes. After his discharge he settled in Bureau county, Illinois, and there made his home until 1870, when he came to Cass county. Mr. Dutcher was united in marriage in 1861, to Ruth A. Taylor, a native of Michigan. They have been blessed with eight children — Eva A., Clarissa, Mary, Minnie, Charles J., Jennie A., Jessie and John T. Zachariah D. Keith came to Cass county in 1861, and settled on section 30, Edna township, where he made his home until the time of his death, which occurred in May, 1870. He was born in Huron county, Ohio, on the 1st of May, 1829, and when about nine years of age his parents moved to Allen county, and when seventeen years of age he learned the blacksmith tride. He was married in September, 1844, to Jerusha A. Enos, born in Ohio. In 1851 they moved to Indiana and there re- mained until 1856, when they started over- land for Iowa. After a travel of five weeks, they landed in Page county, and built a small log cabin, in which they lived until 1861, when he came to Cass county. Mr. and Mrs. Keith had eleven children, seven of whom are now living — Alexander, Mary J., Julia A., Harriet E., William E., Sarah E. and Andrew J. William E. was born in Page county, Iowa, in May, 1859. He was married in February, 1883, to Adeline Myers, and their union has been blessed with one child — Celia. William and his brother, Andrew J., reside on the old homestead, and their mother now lives with them. Jesse T. Mercer came to Cass county in 1883 and bought one hundred and twenty acres of unimproved land on section 5. He now has one hundred acres improved and has built a good frame house. He is engaged in grain and stock raising. He was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky,. in April, 1854. When he was fourteen years old, his parents moved to Iowa and settled in Pottawattamie county, where his father purchased two hundred and forty acres of wild land, and improved a farm. He (the father) still makes that his home. Jesse T. remained with his parents until twenty-two years of age. He was then married to Mary E. Dewitt a native of Delaware county, Iowa, and settled in Sherman township, Montgom- ery, county, where he remained until he came to Edna. Mr. and Mrs. Mercer have had three children — William, George E. and Lancelot. William died at the age of six years. Thomas Lloyd, born on January 1st, 182-2, i^ a native of England. He was en- gaged in agricultural pursuits when a young man, and commenced work as a 1 y 4t HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ■779 it. He then bought his farm of two hundred acres on section 9, and has impi-oved the land and made it one of the best farms in the county. He has been an honorable and upright man in the county, and has been honored by the citizens as secretary of the board of trustees, a member of the school board, and has been treasurer and assessor of the township. He is one of the prominent men of the township, and is highly esteemed by the more substantial class of the county. Mr. and Mrs. Hola- day have been blessed with eight children — Gertrude; George, died in October, 1879; Charles, Thaddeus, Myra, William L., Blanche and Harry M. J. Q. A. McCormick came in the spring of 1870, settling on section 8, where he still resides. John Q. A. McCormick, a native of Morgan county, Illinois, was born on the IGth of January, 1848, and is the son of Ralph McCormick, one of the early set- tlers of Morgan county, who died in 1851. John was reared on a farm, and in the spring of 1870, came to Cass county to make his home, and in the spring follow- ing he bought, witii his brother, the north half of section 8, John settling on the east- erly portion. He was married on the 27th of February, 187 3, to Cordia Joy, born in New York State in April, 1848. They have five children living — Nancy, Flor- ence, Effie; David, died in Infancy; George a id Samuel. Mr. McCormick is a good, substantial citizen, and by iiis intel- ligence and ability has made his place one of the finest in the county. OTHER SETTLERS. It would be impossible, minutely, to trace the settlement of all who came in later years, but mention is made of a requisite number to make the history of Massena both complete and interesting, and demon- strates the character of its citizens of to- day. Orren Stone, was born in St. Lawrence county. New York, on the 3d of July, 1845, and in 1846 his father, R. E. Stone, moved to Sauk county, Wisconsin, where he died in- March, 1884, his widow now resides on the old homestead. Orren was united in marriage in January, 1877, to Elvira Kellogg, a daughter of Chester and Luciuda Kellogg. They have three children — Ada, Earl and Arthur. Mr. Stone came to Cass county in the fall of 1869, and purchased good land on section 4, Massena township, but returned to Sauk county, Wisconsin, where he remained two years, when he came to his farm in Cass county. He commenced to improve his land, and has since purchased enough to make one of the finest farms in the county. Mr. Stone is one of the prom- inent members of the Baptist church. Cornelius Denham, a farmer of Massena township, was born in Ontario county. New York, on the 16th of June, 1830. His parents moved to Bureau county, Illinois, in 1838, where they remained until their death. Cornelius remained in New York with his grandfather, until 1843, when he joined his father's family in Illinois, and was there reared to man- hood. He was married in Bureau county, Illinois, in January, 1852, to Harriet A. Smith, a native of that State. In March, 1873, he and his family came to Cass county and bought 160 acres of land in Massena township. Mr. and Mrs. Den- ham have been blessed with seven child- t "y 780 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ren — Ella, died in October, 18'77 ; Butler, died in 1855; Lucy S., wife of M. O. New- ton, of Illinois; William A., married in 1881, to Emma J. Brown, a daughter of Isaac and Lucinda Brown; Clara, wife of John Yarger; Isaac P. and Cornelius. William Cool was born in Warren county, New York, May 20, 1841, and was the son of Abraham Cool, a native of that State, William spent most of bis life in bis native couniy, coming to tbis township in the spring of 1873, where be purchased one hundred and fifty acres of land on section 7. He was married in Warren county, New York, November 26, 1862, to Mary F. Kisbpaugh. She was born in the same county, June 10, 1843. They bad three children — Carrie H., Alice and Hattie M. He was elected in 1878, and served three years on the county board of supervisors, representing the Fifth district. Martin M. Smith, who was born in Oct- ober, 1835, is a native of St. Lawrence county, New York. His father, Adol- phus Smith, a farmer and pioneer of that county, died in 1880 at his old homestead, and his mother, Nancy (Dodge) Smith, now lives at her old home, being over eighty years of age. Martin was reared on a farm, and in 1857 he went to Cali- fornia, and remaining but a short time he traveled through Oregon, Washington and Idaho, and after spending about ten years in that country he returned to his home and was married on the 3d of November, 1869, to Mary Kellogg, a daughter of Chester Kellogg, and a sister of Mrs. Orren Stone of this township. Mr. Smith came to Cass county and purchased forty acres of good land on section 3, in Massena township, and two years later he added forty acres more to bis farm. They have six children whose names are — Jessie L., Chester A., Wallace A., Richard A., Ethel A. and Flora Bell. Mr. Smith is school director, and is much, interested in educa-' tional matters of this township. Allen Smith, a son of Eli Smith, was born in Bureau county, on the 7th of June, 1844. He came to Cass county in 1872, and purchased a farm on section 34, 'Massena township, where he now lives, and has a nice farm of cultivated land. He was married in 1868 in Illinois, to Mary Shugart. They have been blessed with five children: Maggie A., Angelia A., Emma G. Philip R. and Frances. Lucius L. Langworthy was born in Bureau county, Illinois, June 29, 1837. His father, Cyrus, was one of the pioneer settlers of that county. Lucius was reared a farmer and enlisted under the first call, and re-enlisted in company I, Twelfth Illinois Volunteers, and served three years. He was married December 24, 1865, to Sarah Daniels. He came to Cass county and settled in Massena, in 1880, on section 35, where he still resides. They had seven children — William H., Burton E., Ida M., Mary E., Clara B., Lotta and George W. Samuel Wickey, a native of Ohio, was born on the 4th of January, 1850, and is the son of Joseph and Lizzie Wickey. In 1870 Samuel came to Madison county, Iowa, and thence to Elkhart county, Indiana, and in 1873 was married to Fan- nie Housouer. They have four children —Frank E., Melvin II., Ella C. and Milo A. Mr. Wickey came to Cass county in 1881, and purchased i- ghty acres of land, 4s2 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 781 which he has nicely cultivated. By trade he is a blacksmith, but has taken to farm life and is very successful in his enter- prise. He is an intelligent and progres- sive farmer, and may be proud of his beautiful land, which is being extensively cultivated. Leander Prall, one of the substantial men of Cass county, was born in Ohio, on the 5th of June, 1843, and is the son of Gabriel and Mary Prall. When about two years of age his parents removed to Clark county, Indiana, where they both died a few years later. At the age of nine years, Leander removed to Adams county, Illinois, with an older brother, who now resides in Atlantic township, Cass county, and there remained until the breaking out of the war, when he enlisted in company K, Seventh Ii diana Volun- teers, and, after serving three months, was discharged. He re-enlisted in the Thirty-third Indiana Volunteers, and was at Laurel Hill, and in the Thirty-third Wild-cat array, at Shelbyville. He was in some of the most famous battles in the history of the Rebellion, and was always found in the ranks when service was needed. He was honorably discharged at Indiai apolis, Indiana, at the close of the war, and was received by his many friends, of Adams county, Illinois, as one of the brave defenders of the Union and the old flag. He was united in marriage,in February, 1866, to Sarah M. Allison, a native of Adams county. They have been blessed with six children — Luella, bom in 1868 and died in 1871; Everett, born in 1870 and died in 1871; Emmelt, born in 1872; Rebecca A., born in 1876; Walter, bora in 1880; and Ida, born in ^' ]882. Mr. Prall, in September, 1866, came to Cass county, Iowa, and purchased eighty acres of land in Franklin town- siiip, where he remained until March, 1873, when he went to Smith couuty,Kan- sas, and was there engaged in farming for one year, when he sold his farm and returned to this county, buying an estate of one hundred and twei ty acres, in Franklin township, where he lived until February, 1883, when he came to Mas- sena township and bought laud of Wil- liam Holaday, which was some of the first land broken in the township. He now owns two hundred and forty acres of cultivated land on st^ction 7, and has one of the finest farms in the county. William M. Porter was born in Shelby county, Indiana, on the 28lh of June, 1844. His father, Merritt Porter, was a farmer, and died when William was but two weeks old. At an early age his mother died, and William went to live with an uncle, William Duckworth, where he remained until the breaking out of the war, when he enlisted in company F, Seventieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served in the engagements at Resaca, Pine Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, and was with Sherman through Georgia and the Carolinas, be"8ides many skirmishes. In June, 1865, he received an honorable discharge and returned home, where he was engaged in farming. In 1868, he went to Jasper county, Iowa, and was there engaged in farming until 1882, when he came to Cass county and pur- chased one hundred and sixty acres of land on section 9, Massena township, where he owns one of the finest farms in the county. He was married in 1868 to wlJ? n^^ 782 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Martha Cameron, who died in March, 1879, leaving a family of five children to mourn her departure — Merritt, Effie, El- mer, Arthur and Nettie. Mr. Porter was married again, in 1880, to Sarah Roots, a native of Kentucky. They have two children — Letta May and Ezra. Elias Willis, born in Hagerstown, Mary- land, on the 23d of January, 1826, is the son of Isaac Willis, a native of Maryland. When a child, Elias emigrated with his parents to Belmont county, Ohio, where his father died in 1864. In 1849, Elias went to Bureau county, Illinois, and was there engaged in farming, and was there married in March, 1853, to Mary Jane Murray, and by whom he has had three children— Charles I., Alfred H. and Mary E. Mr. Willis enlisted in 1864, in com- pany F,OneHundred and Fifty-firstlllinois Volunteers, and served one year. After his discharge, he moved to Poweshiek county, Iowa, and was there engaged in farming, until 1871, when he came to Cass county, and bought one hundred and twenty acres of land on section 25, Massena township, and has one of the finest farms in the township. George H. Hosfelt was born in Saxony, Germany, on the 4th of October, 1836, and when fifteen years of age, he started out in the world for himself, and inclined with love for free America, he embarked at Liverpool, for Baltimore, in the spring of 1852. Soon after arriving at Balti- more, he went to Newark, New Jersey, and remaining there three years, he went to Illinois, and there remained some twelve or fourteen years, with the excep- tion of three years, which he served in the army. He enlisted in 1861, in com- pany H, Twelfth Illinois Infantry, and served for three years. He was always in the ranks, and participated in nearly all the engagements, and was in the battles at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Pittsburg Landing, siege of Corinth, siege of Atlanta, Georgia, and was in the principal campaigns. After receiving an honorable discharge, he returned to Bu- reau county, Illinois, where he was mar- ried, in'the spring of 1865, to Rebecca Murray, a sister of the present auditor of (Jass county. She was a native of Illinois, and one year after her marriage, died, leaving a little daughter— Ruba Margaret, alone with her father. Three months later the child died, and in several months Mr. Holfelt was married to Pamelia S. Smith, a native of Pennsylvania. They have had nine children born to them — Wealthy, born in 1868; Aden H.^ born in 1869; William H., born in 1871; Nellie M., born in 1872; Martha I., born in 1875; Cora B., born in 1877, and died the same year; Jasper R., born in 1878, and Eva L., born in 1883. Mr. and Mrs. Hosfelt remained in Illinois until 1868, when they came to Tama county, Iowa, and bought forty acres of land, and made that their home until May, 1871, when he came to Cass county, buying eighty acres of land on section 27, in Massena township. Mr. Hosfelt has been very prosperous, and now owns one of the best farms in the township. He now owns two hundred and eighty acres of land, two hundred acres on section 27, and eighty acres on section 34. He has served as township trustee, and is very prominent in school affairs. Hiram Blake was born in Jackson ^' (2 fc^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. n^z county, Oliio, on the 19th of July, 1832, and is the son of John Blake, who moved to La Porte county, Indiana, with his wife and eleven children. When Iliram was about twenty-one years of age, his father gave him three hundred dollars, and he started for Michigan, where he remained two years, when he joined his father's family, who had moved to Bu- reau county, Illinois, and there made his home until 1867, excepting his time in the service, having enlisted in company H, Twelfth Illinois Infantry, and served about three months. In the spring of 1867, he came to Iowa, and settled in Marshall county, and was there engaged in farming. Mr. Blake was married in July, 1868, to Nancy Evans. They have three children— Jessie Blanche, Minerva M. and Verna May. Mr. Blake lived in Marshall county, until 1878, when he came to Cass county, and purchased one hundred and twenty acres of land on sec- tion 16, Massena township. He is presi- dent of the school board at the present time, and has taken great interest in the township affairs. He is the postmaster of Whitneyville, also music teacher. Owen L. Smith, named after the old patriarch of abolitionism, was born on the sixth of May, 1842, and is the son of Eli and Clarissa Smith. His father died in August, 1871, and his mother still lives in Bureau county, Illinois. On her eight- ieth birthday, on October 5, 1884, there was a re-union of her children — Owen, Allen, Mary Ann, Henry and Eli, at her home. Owen was married in 1864 to Mary, a daughter of Samuel Wood. They have been blessed with seven children — George Walter, Clarissa V., Matlie M., Eli S., Wilbert K., Eva A. and Lucy A. Mr. Smith came to Cass county, Iowa, in March, l873, and bought eighty acres on section 29, Massena township, where he row resides, having one of the best farms in the township. Mr. S. is a man of noble ability, and is greatly honored by his many friends and neighbors. George P. Fish, a prominent farmer of Massena township, was born in St. Law- rence county, New York, on the 10th of March, 1848. He was married in Septem- ber, 1870, to Lydia E. Staplin, also a na- tive of St. Lawrence county. New York. They have had four children — Don H., Jesse W., who died in infancy; Grace I. and Marion I. Mr. Fish came to Cass county May 3, 1871, and located on the land where he has since improved a nice farm on section 2. He has since added two hundred acres to his farm, owning now one of the largest and best improved farms in the county. He has served on the board of trustees, and has been justice of the peace. Dr. C. M. Dodge, one of the prominent citizens of Massena township, was born in Hardin county, Kentucky, on the 26th of March, 1836. He is the son of Josiah Dodge, who was also a native of that county. When about sixteen years of age, his parents moved to Warren county, Illi- nois, and remaining there until eighteen years of age, when he attended a school of medical science, and several years after he taught in a district school while he studied with some of the best physi- cians in this country. In 1854 he re- moved to Fulton county, Illinois and com- menced his practice, and a few years later he came to Dallas county, and there con- <^ ff- "®fv ,4a- 'M 784 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. tinued his practice, which he made a great success. In 1880 he went lo Gra- ham county, Kansas, and there remained until 1882, when he came to Iowa, and settled in Griswold, Cass county, where he practiced one year, and then moved to liis farm in Massena township. Mr. Dodge was united in marriage, in 1857, to Nancy J. Rose, a native of Brown county, Ohio. They have six children — Julius M., conductor on the Rock Island railroad; Elizabeth, wife of J. O. An- drews, an attorney in Dakota; Harriet, wife of Dr. A. C. Woodruff of Griswold; George, employed by the railroad com- pany; Ira, at home and Katie. Benjamin F. Eastman is a native of On- ondaga county. New York, born on the 9th of June, 1839. He is the son of Neil and Amancy Eastman, his father being a farmer and a distiller of essential oils. Benjamin came to Cass county in 1873, and settled on land which was deeded to him by his father, owning about one hun- dred acres of land on section 30. He was married in Madison county. New York, on the I7th of May, 1871, to Adelia Agnes Rudd. Her parents dying when she was quite young, she was adopted by Benjamin Britt, of Madison county. New York. They have been blessed with six children — Jennie Blanche, died in infancy; B. Franklin, Herbert C, Clarence B. (de- ceased), Carroll M. and Florence I. Lnma W. Stone, born in St. Lawrence county, New York, on the 3rd of April, 1841, was the son of Earl andLydia Stone. He enlisted in 1861, in company B, Fifteenth Massachusetts Volunteers, and serving about one year, when he was im- prisoned in the Libby prison, and remain- ed there that winter, when he was dis- charged on account of lung disease. He regained his strength and enlisted in the Fourth Massachusetts Infantry, and so served until the close of the war. He was one of the bravest soldiers in our coun- try's cause, and his services will long be remembered. Mr. Stone came to Cass county in 1870, and settled in what is now Massena township. He owns one hundred and twenty acres of good land on section 2, which is a beautiful and pro- ductive place. He should be greatly honored in this township, for the great interest he has taken in the developement of the county. He assisted in organizing the township, and gave it the name of Massena, after his birth place in St. Lawrence county. In 186ti, his health beganfailing so fast, he visited Wyoming, where he remained about four years, when he returned home. He was married in February, 1871, to Mrs. Isabella H. Hill, the widow of Charles H. Hill, who gave his life to the cause of the U^nion. Their only child, Frederick E., died in Wyom- ing Territory, and now the child of Mrs. Stone, by her tirst marriage resides with them. Mr. Stone was one of the first trustees in the township. T. C. Danforth, a native of Union coun- ty, Ohio, was born on the 14th of Sept- ember, 1849, and is the son of J. M. and Mary Ann (Smith) Danforth. His father was a farmer, and owned a great deal of land in Union county. Thomas came to Cass county in June, 1876, and lived the first year with Henry McEltish in Massena township, and also with Allen Smith. He remained there until 1882, when he went to Anita and was there employed in "^'^ t l^ ■ Mq — -^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 785 ^^ tbe bank until the 24th of June, the same year, when he started for Chicago in charge of live stock, and was injured in a railroad accident, being thrown about sixty-three feet, and his nervous system was so shocked that he has never recov- ered, and since that time has never been able to do manual labor. He owns two hundred acres of land on section 26, nearly all under cultivation. Mr. Dan- forth was united in marriage in April, 1884, to Lotta Langworthy, a daughter of C. 6. and M. E. Langworthy, now resid- ing in Audubon county, Iowa. Among the prominent citizens of Mas- sena township, we will mention John H. Yarger, who was born in Center county, Pennsylvania, on the 12th day of August, 1843. When about thirteen years of age he went to Monroe, Wisconsin, and was there engaged in clerking in the store of Whitney and Treat, and there remaining about three years, when he went to Cali- fornia and remained there about one year. He again worked in the establishment of Whitney and Treat until 1862. when lie went into partnersliip with A. Perrine, in the grocery business. He continued his business until 1868, when he went to Texas and began raising stock, and so continued two summers, when he went to the frontier, ■ and was there engaged in raising cattle. He wandered through the Indian Territory several times, and until 1875, when he came to Cass county, Iowa, and purchased four hundred acres of land and has cultivated a nice farm. He is a member of the board of trustees, and is justice of the peace, of Massena town- ship. Mr. Yarger was married in Febru- ary, 1880, to Clara L. Denham. They have been blessed with two children — Ida May and Orlando. Lewis Dressier was born in Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, on the 6th of April, 1853. His father, Elias Dressier, left Pennsylvania, when Lewis was about two years of age and settled in Indiana, where he remained until 1882, when he settled in Cass county, Iowa. Lewis settled in Massena township, Cass county, in 1879, and bought eighty acres of land on section 11, where he now resides. In 1876, Lewis went with his father and family to Colorado, and remaining there about two years, his father re- turned to Muscatine county, Iowa, and Lewis went to Mahaska county, where he was working by the month. He was mar- ried in 1879, to Lucinda E. Coffin, a na- tive of Indiana. About one week after his marriage he came to Cass county, to look for a home, and finally bought one hundred and sixty acres of land on section 11, Massena township. He returned for his wife to Indiana, and about the lat- ter part of October he settled on his farm. He has since added to his laud eighty acres, which is nicely improved and af- fords good crops of corn, and is an excel- lent stock farm. Mr. and Mrs. Dressier have three children— Gertrude I., Isabella Rose and Charles C. Charles W. Huff, one of the prominent men of this township, enlisted in 1862, in the Nineteenth Iowa Infantry, and was made first lieutenant of company 6. He fought bravely at Prairie Grove, and was in the siege of Vicksburg, and in all of the principal engagements of the army. He was promoted to a captaincy on the 15th of April, 1864, and was known as -A— 4 !A 786 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. one of Iowa's best officers. Captain Huff received an honorable discharge at Davenport, in 1865. He was married in October, 1865, to Margaret A. Winder, a native of Knox county, Ohio. Mr. Huff was born in Wayne county, Ohio, on the 6th of January, 1836. After his marriage he moved to Madison, and there remained two years, when he came to Cass county, settling in Grant township, near Anita, and there remained until the spring of 1883, when he sold his real estate in that township, and bought two hundred and forty acres on section 13, Massena town- ship, where he owns a fine and productive farm. Mr. and Mrs. Huff have been blessed with seven children — Rowena Ruth, died in infancy; Theodore, Charles, Blanche, Delpha, Laura and Frances. William H. Kreamer was born in Cen- ter county, Pennsylvania, on the 20th of May, 1841. His father, William Kreamer, was one of the early settlers of Stephen- son county, Illinois, and is now a resident of Atlantic township, Cass county, Wil- liam H. enlisted in company B, Twenty- sixth Illinois Infantry, and was in the en- gagements at Corinth, luka, siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, Missionary Ridge, Atlanta, and with Sherman on his March to the Sea. He was discharged at Butler in 1865, and returned home to his many friends and aged parents. He was mar- ried on the 18th of March, 1866, to Mary M. Long, a native of Stephenson county, Illinois. They have had eight children, one of whom is now dead — Jennie M., Elizabeth, Laura, died at the age of seven years; Ida, Ella, Francis D., Mamie and Blanche. Mr. Kreamer came to Cass county, Iowa, in 1875, and located on sec- tion 18, Massena township, where he now owns one hundred and sixty acres of fine land, all being under cultivation. He is one of the trusted men of the township, having been assessor, school director, and is now chairman of the board of trustees. EDUCATIONAL. The following composed the first school board of Massena township ; J. Q. A. McCormick, president ; S. M. Holladay, secretary : S. T. McCormick, treasurer ; William Holaday, Nathan Poole, J. Q. A. McCormick, directors. At the last elec- tion the following officers were elected : Hiram Blake, president ; S. M. Holaday, treasurer ; W. S. Whitney, secretary ; E. A. Harris, M. M. Smith, Lee Prall, Corne- lius Denham, Hiram Blake, C. C. Huff, Alfred Willis, Henry McElfish and John Watson, directors. School district No. 1 is composed of sec- tions 1, 2, 11 and 12. The schbol house is situated on the southwest corner of sec- tion 1, which was completed July 12, 1878, at a cost of $335, and is 18x28 feet in size. J. N. Porter was the pioneer teacher of this district. E. A. Harris is the pres- ent director. School district No. 2 comprises sections 3, 4, 9 and 10. The school house is situa- ted on the northeast corner of section 9, • and was completed July 15, 1874, at a cost of $525, and is 18x28 feet in size. Alice Kellogg was the first teacher in the building. The present director of this district is M. M. Smith. School district No. 3 embraces sections 5, 6, 7 and 8. The first school house in this district was erected on section 8, and was also the first in the township. It was used for school purposes some time, after ^^ ^± HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY, 787 ■1^ which it was occupied as a residence, and later used for a granary. In May, 1871, it was removed to its present location, on section 7, and rebuilt. S. M. Iloladay, was the first teacher in the new building. Lee Prall is the present director of the district. School district No. 4 comprises sections 17, 18, 19 and 20. The school house was erected on the southwest corner of sec- tion 17, in the summer of 1884. It is 22x32 feet in size, and cost $575. AMiss Jameson taught the first term of school, in the fall of that year. The director at present is Cornelius Denham. School district No. 5 has a school house which was built in the summer of 1884, at a cost of $575, on the southeast corner of section 16, and which is 22x32 feet in size. The district embraces the territory contained in sections 15, 16, 21 and 22, and is presided over by Hiram Blake, di- rector. School district No. 6 comprises sections 13, 14, 23 and 24, and has a school house ou the southeast corner of section 14, which was erected in tiie summer of 1884, at a cost of $575, and is 22x32 feet in size. C. C. Huff is the director. School district No. 7 has a school house on the southwest corner of section 25, erected in the summer of 1872, at a cost of $430, which is 18x28 feet in size. The first teacher in this building was George Fish. The present director of this dis- trict is Alfred Willis. The district em- braces the territory contained in sections 25, 26, 35 and 36. School district No. 8, embraces sections 27, 28, 33 and 34. It has a school house, 18x28 feet in dimension, situated on the southeast corner of section 28, erected in September, 1873, at a cost of $465. The pioneer teacher in this building was Ira Shoudy. The director of this district is Henry McElfish. School district No. 9 embrace sections 29, 30, 31, and 32, and has a school build- ing on the southwest corner of section 29. It was erected in the summer of 1875, at a cost of $524, and is 18x28 feet in size. The first teacher in this building was S. E. Morrison. Prior to the erection of this building, school was taught in the district in a house belonging to Cornelius Denham, on section 20, by Pauline Hola- day. CEMETEET. On the 27th day of October, 1877, the trustees of Massena township purchased four acres of land on section 16 at twelve and a half dollars per acre, and laid it out for cemetery purposes. The first in- terment in this cemetery occurred on August 29, 1878. The deceased was a child, Maggie M. Moore, whose age at the time of her death, was one year, ten months and eleven days. The funeral ceremony was conducted by Rev. Isaac Brown. The cemetery lot was fenced in April, 1880. ■VVHITNEYVILLE POSTOFFrCB. This oflice was established at an early day, on section 8, with Frank H. Whitney as postmaster. It was afterward discon- tinued, but in 1866 was re-established, with W. S. Whitney as postmaster, who continued in the oflice for about thirteen yearg. Mr. Whitney received for his thirteen years of labor as postmaster, the sum of $197.36, eight years of which time he was obliged to get up every night to ¥ '4^ 188 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. make up mail for a stage line. In July, ]879, the office was removed to the resi- dence of v. C. Whip, who had possession of it hut a short time, when he disposed of his property and removed to Ringgold county, where he now resides. The office was then removed to the dwelling of F. B. Nichols on section 6, and afterward removed to to its present location, on sec- tion 16, at the residence of Hiram Blake, who is still postmaster. ORGANIC. Massen a township was constituted June 1 1 , 1 870, with S. M. Holaday as organizer, and contains the territory technically known as township 15, range 34. At the fall election of that year, officers were chosen as follows: W. S. Whitney, clerk; S. M. Holaday, justice of the peace and assessor; S. T. McCormick and William Holaday, constables; S. T. McCormick, L. W. Stone and William Holaday, trust- ees. The present townsWp officers are: S. M. Holaday, clerk; A, H. Willis, assessor; J. H. Yarger and S. M. Holaday, justices of the peace; O. L. Smith and George Culp, constables; J. H. Yarger, John WaCson and William Kreamer, trustees; Rhinehold Schwenke, William Porter, Martin Hodge, O. L. Smith William McCluskey and Charles Willis, road su- pervisors. CHAPTER XXXII. FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. The sub-division of Cass county that is known as the civil township of Franklin, embraces all of congressional township 76 north, range 35 west of the fifth prin- cipal meridian. It lies in the second tier of townships from the north line of the county, and is the second from the east line. It is bounded on the north by Ben- ton, on the east by Lincoln, on the south by Union, and on the west by Atlantic. It is intersected by Turkey creek and sev- eral of its affluents. The main stream enters the township on the north line of section 2, and crosses that and sections 3, 9, 8, 7 and 18, on its southwesterly course, and makes its exit on the west line of the latter section. The Eller branch takes its rise in the eastern part of the township, and flowing almost due west, crosses sections 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18, in the northwest of the latter making a confluence with the parent stream. Jim branch flows through sections 25, 26, 27, 21, 22, 20 and 19, leaving the township on the latter. These streams, with countless small tributaries, drain and water the '7li= T HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. • entire township, spreading like threads throughout its entire surface, to such a degree that not a section is without run- ning water upon it. The surface of, the township is beauti- fully diversified, hill and valley, level and rolling prairie, plain and timber, that de- lights the eye seeking the picturesque, and the heart of the intelligent agricul- turist seeking a home. While some parts of it are hilly and somewhat rough, still but a small portion of it is unavailable for tillage or pasture, and much of it is ■already in a high state of cultivation, although a newly settled part of the county, comparatively speaking. The soil is the same dark, uctuous loam that is the •haractenstic of the soil of this portion of Iowa, and has a wonderful fertility. Wheat and oats do exceedingly well, while corn, the great staple of the coun- ty, is magnificent in its growth and won- derful in its yield. The rich, succulent grasses, both on wild lands and cultivated pastures, run riot in a wild luxuriance, and the cattle fed in this vicinity manifest by their sleek hides and rounded forms the nutritious nature of the herbage. The township is traversed by the main line of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pa- cific railroad, which enters Franklin on the northeast quarter of section 2, and crosses that section, and sections 3, 4, 9, 1 and 8, leaving the township on the west line of the latter. The town of Wiota, lying within the limits of Franklin town- ship, is the principal shipping point. EAELT SETTLEMENT. The first to make asettlement was Jesse Eller, who, early in the spring of 1854, took up a claim on section 18, and com- menced to open up a farm. He broke forty or fifty acres, and put up a round log house. He lived on this place until about 1874, when he removed to Mills county, and from thence to Pottawattamie county, where he died, June IS, 1884. He was born in Wilkes county, North Caro- lina, and was of German extraction, although he was reared in Indiana. He was quite a hunter and trapper during the winter, but when spring had come, the gun was laid by. and the implements of husbandry were taken hold of with a will, and in a few years he had a good farm opened on the northeast corner of Turkey Grove. During the civil war, times were very hard, money scarce, and the comforts of life very high. Mr. Eller made more money than any other man in the vicinity, trapping and hunting mink, otter, wolves and other fur animals. A good mink skin was worth from three to five dollars, and other furs in proportion. About the same time came Tipton Ma- rion, who located on section 19, in or near a part of Turkey Grove, where he built him a cabin. He came from the vicinity of Fairfield, Iowa. He continued to live here for about two years, when he remov- ed to Nebraska. In the fall of 1854, Peter Kanawyer, settled in Franklin township on the north- west quarter of section 3, where he opened up a farm. He resided here until in 1862, when he emigrated to that far away land of gold, California, where he still is liv- ing. Zadoc Stewart entered land on a portion of section 9, in the fall of 1854, at what is called "Middle Turkey Grove," where he =^ IQO HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. k. built a cabin, and in the spring and sum- mer of 1855, broke a little piece of ground and put in a crop. He had a family of one son and four or five daughters unmarried, all of the latter being young ladies, ex- cept the youngest. Ue was a native of Indiana, and remained here until 1865, when he sold out and removed to Fre- mont county, this State, where he died. John EUer, a son of David Eller and a brother of Jesse, came to this vicinity in March, 1855, and pre-empted a farm on section 20, where he now- lives. He is the descendent of Peter Jailer, a Hessian soldier, who came to this country during the Revolutionary War, in the service of Great Britain, and who soon left that ser- vice and settle'd in North Carolina. John was born in Indiana, where his parents had removed some years before, in 1832, and moved with his parents in 1837, to Jefferson county, Iowa. He came to this county and remained until 1857, when he returned to Jefferson county, where he enlisted, in 1862, in Company II, Thirtieth Iowa Infantry, and served with that regi- ment until the close of the war. He was at the siege of Vicksburg, battle of Jackson, Mississippi, siege of Atlanta, and was with Sherman in his march to the sea After the war, he returned to Jefferson county, where he remained until Septem- ber, 1866, when he returned to his farm in this township. His wife was a Mary Jane Parnell, who was born in Wayne county, North Carolina, in 1834. On the 4th of May, 1855, R. L. and W. W. Jameson, and D. D. Morris came to Franklin township and located upon the west half of section 1, entering govern- ment land. D. D. Morris lived here until 1868, when he removed to the vicinity of Grove City, where he is still residing. R. L. Jameson remained on his farm until his decease in 1873; his family still occupy the homestead. W. W. Jameson is slill a resident of the township, and still resides upon the land that he first entered on coming to the county: W. W. Jameson located upon his pres- ent farm in section 7, May 4, 1855. He came west in company with his brother, R.L.Jameson, and. D. D. Morris. They all settled on the west half of section 7, entering their land from Government. Mr. Morris lived where he first settled until 1868. He now lives at Grove City, Atlantic township. R. L. Jameson resided here until his decease in 1 873. W. W. Jam- eson and his brother were born in Ohio. The former was born in the city of Col- umbus in 1820, and removed with his par- ents when a child, to Marion county. When he was seven years old the family removed to Allen county of the same State where they lived twenty years. In 1853 the family all removed to Polk county, Iowa. The family at that time consisted of the parents, John and Sarah A. Jameson, and seven children, six sons and one daughter. In 1854, the parents moved to Dallas county where they lived until their decease. The mother died in April 1867, and the father in 1882, at the advanced age of eighty-two years. One son, James II., now owns and occupies the homestead in Dallas county. Two of the sons, Reed and Edward, enlisted in Com-' pany H, Thirty-ninth Iowa Infantry, in 1802. The former was taken prisoner at Corinth, Mississippi, and imprisoned at Belle Island, where he died November 14, i^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 791 .t^ ^. 1864. The latter served out his time and now lives with his brother, W. W. A brother-in-law of Mr. Jameson, John Combs, enlisted in the same company at the same time and died at Corinth, in the spring of 1863. W. W. Jameson removed from Polk county to Dallas county, in November 1853, coming here from the latter county at the time above mentioned. He was married in Allen county, Ohio, to Deborah Watt, a native of that county, born September 20, 1827. Her parents were Samuel L., and Olive Watt. The latter died when Mrs. Jameson was twelve years old. Her father again married and removed to Sac county in this State where he died. Mr. Jameson has nine children, all living — Alonzo C, John L., Alice J., wife of Silas Martin; Sarah A., wife of Edwin Burke; Adelaide, wife of D. D. Hunt; Samuel L., James W., Robert R. and Olive. All of the family are living in this township except Alice, who lives in Benton township. Daniel Bryan made a settlement during the summer of 1855, on a portion of sec- tion 19. He was a native of Pennsyl- vania, but came to Iowa from Ohio. He was a good mechanic and carpenter and worked in all parts of the county. He had a large family by his first wife, which he raised to years of maturity. He en- listed in company I, Twenty-third Iowa Infantry, in 1862, but was discharged be- fore his term of, service had expired, on account of disability. He returned to this township and took up the business of life. Some years ago he had the misfortune to lose his wife, and in due time was united in marriage with Eliza Wilson, of Edna township. In 1880 or 1881, he lost all his 49 property, and left this county, going to Kansas. From there he came back to this State, locating in Woodbury county, where he died in 1882. Joseph Turner came to Cass county in 1855, and entered a quarter section of land in Pymosa township, and in the spring of 1858, settled down upon it and began some improvements. In 1862, he exchanged this land for a farm in Franklin township, on section 3, which he still owns. Mr. Turner is the present mayor of Wiota, and is noticed at length in that connec- tion. Charles Jackson, in the fall of 1855, made a settlement upon section 7, and erected a log cabin. In the summer of 1856, he broke up some land and com- menced making some improvements, but in August of that year, he sold his claim to Frederick Stoodt, and removed to Fre- mont county. He came this State from Indiana. William Judd settled upon section 18, during the year 1855, where his widow now resides. He was a native of North Carolina, but came here from Jefferson county, Iowa. He died, here, in April, 1881. D. D. Morris settled in Franklin town- ship in the spring of 1855, and remained there till 1874, when he removed to his present location on section 11, Atlantic township. George Magee, made a settlement upon section 18, in 1856. He was born in county Donegal, Ireland, March 10, 1822, where he lived until he was eighteen years old, when he emigrated to America. He located, at first, in the city of Philadel- phia, where he worked for the Govern- 4 792 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ment, making shoes for the troops, then in Mexico. He came here, as above, and purchased a farm of a man by the name of ^Marshall, on section 18, which had a small cabin erected upon it, that'was but sixteen feet square, and in this he moved and lived until 1863 when he erected a better residence. He spent the year 1861 and 2, in the mountains, in mining. He died at the homestead in this township on the 9th of June, 1881. He followed his trade of shoemaker somewhat after com- ing here, and was the first in the township in that line. His widow still resides upon the old place. She was formerly Ann Magee, and was also a native of the "Em- erald Isle." She has three children — George W., Mary Jane and Rebecca E. In the spring of 1856, a man by the name of Miles settled upon section 17. He came here from Illinois. In January, 1857, his wife fell and dislocated her hip, but they thought at the time it was sim- ply a bad sprain, and did nothing for it. But as it continued to grow worse and worse, a physician was called in. In its then swollen condition he found it im- possible to do anything to relieve the woman's suffering, or attempt a cure, and the following May, she died from the effects of the fall, and her body was buried on the place. Her husband re- mained but a little time, vrhen he returned to Illinois, and his present whereabouts are unknown. At the same time Miles came Wil- liam Hedges made a settlement on section 17. He, also, came from Illinois. He opened up a farm and made someimprov- ments, and remained here about two years when he removed to Clark's Grove, Atlantic township. In the spring of 1 863, he sold out and removed to the State of Missouri. Frederick Stoodt, one of the old settlers of this township, came here in the sum- mer of 1856, and on the 24th of August, of that year,purcha8ed the claim of Charles Jackson, on the southeast quarter of sec- tion 7, where he is still living. Mr. Stoodt is a native of Germany, and was born on the 1st of October, 1813. He came to the United States in June, 1847, and located in|Richland county, Ohio. From there he removed to Allen county, in the same State, and from the latter to Cass county, and settled as above. In 1863, Mr. Stoodt and his family went to Colorado, and en- gaged in mining and were quite success- ful. Returned to the farm in 1865. His wife was Mary Koheiser, who was born in the same town in Germany as her hus- band, on the 1st of February, 1821. They have three sons, all residents of the town- ship. Frank Nordman, settled upon section 18, on the 26th of August, 1856 where he resided until 1859. He is' now a resident of the township. Frank Nordman lives just outside the village limits of Wiota, on the north, where he owns a farm of one hundred and twenty acres. He is one of the pioneers of Cass county, and among the earliest settlers of Franklin township, where he located, August 26, 1856. At that time he bought forty acres of land from Wil- liam Judd on section 1?, on to which he moved with his family; he fenced and im- proved this land and carried on the busi- ness of blacksmithing. In the fall of 1856, he built the first blacksmith shop ^. •k HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 793 erected in the township. lie resided on this place and worked at his trade until 1859, when he went to Colorado and re- moved his family to that Territory where he engaged in blacksraithing until 1860, when he returned to Cass county and bought the farm where he now lives. Mr. Nordinan was born in Prussia, April 26, 1827, and came to the United States in 1851, locating first at New Orleans, then went to St. Louis, and thence to Cass county, Illinois, and from there to Cass county, Iowa, where he was married February 22d, to Catharine Stoodt, a native of Germany, who came to this country when six years old. They are the parents of three children — Mary Samantha, a teacher in the public schools at Wiota; George Colorado, now farming his father's farm; and Eureka Isabella, wife of Charles McDermott, of Bentou township. P. N. Finch made a settlement on sec- tion 2, in October, 1856, and is still a residentof the township. P. M. Finch, one of the early settlers of Cass county, located where he now lives, in October, 1856. He was born in Erie county. New York, September 15, 1815. When he was nine years of age he re- moved with his parents to Michigan where his father, Joel Finch, resided until his decease. The subject of this sketch was married in Michigan, to Martha Pelton, a native of Connecticut, and removed to Iowa, in 1856. They have two children — Mary and Josiall. Mr. Finch's farm is located on section 2. Mr. Finch, like most of the pioneers of this county, has, by steady industry, amassed an easy com- petency and is enjoying the proud con- sciousness of having always done his duty. John Seaman, and his son, Frederick August, came to Franklin township, in 1857. Mr. Seaman, the elder, was a na- tive of Germany, who had emigrated to the "Land of the Free" in 1853. He had located near Watertown, Wisconsin, on his arrival, but removed to Cass county as stated above. He pre-empted the farm now owned by J. Pollock, on section 20, where he lived unto the day of his death, which occurred in March, 1867. Fred- erick A, his son, was born in Germany, in 1843, and was fourteen years old when he came here. During the war he en- listed in company I, Twenty-third Iowa Infantry, and served three years. After his term of service had expired he re- turned to this county, and now lives on section 20. Wilson Prall came to Franklin town- ship in 1857, where he improved a farm, and remained till 1865, when he removed to Atlantic township, where he now resides. Cary Antrim located here about the year 1856, and remained about two years, when he removed to Fremont county, where he probably now resides. In 1857, Fabius Bobbins located upon section 8. He came to Cass county from Ohio, and remained here until 1864 or 5, when he left, suddenly, going to southern Kansas. The farm he opened is now the property of A. C. and J. L. Jameson. John W. Humerick, senior, made a settlement on section 30, in September, 1858. He was born in Prussia, in 1810, and came to the United States in 1845, settling at Columbus, Ohio. From thence he removed to Allen county in the same 'f. 794 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. State, and from there to this place. He put up a log cabin and commenced making improvements. He was a man of excel- lent constitution and robust health and a hard worker, and soon the place began to assume a homelike appearance. He and his family lived in the cabin that he built until 18'72, when he built the fine sub- stantial frame residence where his widow now lives. He was married in Germany and was the father of six children, three of whom are living — Elizabeth, Julia and John W., Jr. Mr. Humerick died, quite suddenly, on the 27th of February, 1873. W. W. Richmond settled upon section 9, during the J year 1858, where he lived until 1 868. He removed to Missouri at that date, and is living there now. In 1859, Harley Soper and family set- tled in Franklin township. They after- wards removed to Atlantic township. Robert Turner made a settlement in Franklin township, on section 3, in Jan- uary, 1860, where he resided until March, 1861, when he died. He was an English- man by birth and came to this country in 1842. His son, James R. resides upon the old homestead. Mrs. Robert Turner died in January, 1878. James R. Turner is among the most prominent and "solid men of the county, and is looked up to by'his friends and neighbors as a man of sterling integrity and untarnished honor. It is just such men that make a county what it is, and these annals of the county's history would be incomplete without a short mention of so prominent and in- fluential a citizen as Mr. Turner. J. R. Turner was born in Derbyshire, England, April 1, 1838. At the age of four years he came with his parents to the United States. He was married to Eliza J. Russel, a native of Ontario, Can- ada. They have five children — Nellie May, Robert Roy, Charles F., Jesse J. and William. Mr. Turner's farm con- tains one hundred and forty-three and one-half acres. William W. McClure made a settlement on section 4, in 1860. William W. McClure resides on section 4, where he settled in 1860, purchasing a fine farm on this section. Upon this place, at that time, was a log house, and ten acres broken. Mr. McClure now has a rich farm with good improvements. He was born in Ohio, in 1833, and remained there until 1859. In that year he started for Pike's Peak, but turned back on learn- ing that the reports of finding gold had proved false, and went to Guthrie county, Iowa. In the spring of 1860 he came to Cass county. In 1863 he again started for Pike's Peak, and after arriving there remained one year. He was married to Jennie McCaferty, who was born in Ohio, in 1833. Mr. and Mrs. McClure have four children — Allison, Mary, Willie and Char- lie. Alva and Elva (twins) died at the respective ages of eleven and thirteen months. EEPEESBNTATIVE MBN. Among the men who are residents of Franklin township to-day, the following have been selected, as the most prominent, with the intention in view of showing of what excellent material the population of this sub-division of Cass county is com- posed. It is no wonder that, with many such men, the township is fast progress- ing to a front rank and a foremost place in the county. •e^ 799 ^ farm, where Mr. Euken died in tlie fall of 1872. The family came to Iowa for the purpose of getting more land than they then owned in Illinois. Mrs. Euken has five children, four sons and one daughter — Emke, Edward, Carl, Amelia and Her- man, all of whom were born in Germany. David W. Paine came to Franklin in 1876, and settled on section 28, where he has a farm of two hundred and forty acres, all of which was unbroken prairie at the time of his purchase. He now has it fenced and other excellent improve- ments upon it. He has stables sufficient to accommodate many cattle, sheep and hogs, in the raising of which, Mr. Paine is largely engaged. His residence is on section 18, he having leased the farm above mentioned, for five years. He pur- chased the place on which he resides, in the fall of 1881. It contains one hundred and sixty acres, most of the improvements upon it have been made by Mr. Paine. It is a beautiful place. He makes a specialty of Short-horn cattle and Poland China hogs, and is one of the most extensive breeders of fine stock in Cass county. He keeps, also, fine mutton sheep. Mr. Paine was born in Addison county, Vermont, in 1834. He remained in his native State until 1862, when he, with his family, came west and located in Whiteside county, Illinois, where he engaged in farming. They Removed from that county to Cass. Mrs. Paine was formerly Marion Lang- don, a native of Addison county, Ver- mont. They have five children— Lilly D., Lelia J., Wesley W., Leslie L.and Wilton A. Mr. Paine's parents, David and Eunice Paine, were also natives of the Green Mountain ' State. They had but two chil- dren — D. W. and a daughter, P. J.; the latter died in 1841, at th^ age of eleven years, and one week later her mother, also, departed this life. The father after- ward married Caroline Ashley, who lived but three years after their marriage, when he again married; his third wife being Harriet Ashley, a sister of his second wife, who still survives. The father died in 1883. John Gentle was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, September 14, 1846. He was reared to the occupation of farming and at the age of twelve years, removed to Hancock county, Illinois, with his parents, William and Jerusha Gentle. William Gentle died in that county, June 6, 1868. His widow now lives at Bowen, Illinois. They had a family of ten children, four sons and six daughters. John, the subject of this sketch, is the only one of the sons now living. One son, George W., was killed at the battle of Antietam. Two of the daughters, Mrs. Mary E. Wood and Mrs. Martha A. Matchin, reside in this State, the former in Poweshiek county, and the latter, in Van Buren county. John Gentle was married to Elizabeth E. How- ard, of of Hancock county, Illinois. They have three children — Carrie I., Willis G. and Ralph Waldo, all of whom were born in Franklin township. Mr. Gentle's farm consists of the east half of the northwest quarter, and the west half of the north- east quarter of section 36, Franklin town- ship. He purchased the first described land of John Connor, October 18, 1875, and the last described, of John Herbert, in March, 1882. Of the first, sixty acres were broken at the same time of his pur- chase. The latter, was mostly broken but ^|v* ^ .^a i^ .Jt 9 800 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ^ ** not fenced. The farm is now all fenced and under good iiullivation, with the ex- ception of eiglit acres of slough. He built his residence and other buildings in 1875. He has upon his farm, the present year, (1884) seventy-five acres of corn, twenty acres of flax, eighteen acres of oats and twelve acres of wheat. Mr. Gen- tle is a thorough going and prosperous farmer. George Felt owns and resides upon the southeast quarter of section 23, Franklin township, where he settled in 1815. He purchased his farm in 1872, of Edward Felt, of Galesburg, Illinois. He made the first improvement upon this land in 1873, breaking forty acres. He now has one hundred and fifty acr^s broken and tlie entire tract fenced. In 1878 he built his present residence and planted an orchard of one hundred apple trees. Mr. Felt was born in 1852, in Adams county, Illinois, where he was reared upon a farm. His father, Jeremiah Felt, a native of New Hampshire, was one of the pioneers of Adams county, where he still lives. He settled there in 1830. George Felt is the only one of his father's family living in Cass county. He was married to Clara •■^^Smith, daughter of Joshua Smith, who cane to this county in 1865, and now lives in Atlantic. Mr. and Mrs. Felt have two children — Garnet and Stan- ley. Politically, Mr. Felt is a Republican. He is one of Cass county's enterprising citizens. OKGANIZATION. Franklin township was a part of the townships of Grant and Turkey Grove until 1870, when the board of supervisors re-organized all of the townships of the county, making their lines conform to the congressional boundaries. The first elec- tion was held at McCiure's school house 9 on the 11th of October, 1870, and waS for township officers. The election warrant, for Franklin was issued to James Morgan, as organizing officer. The olficers chosen at this election were the following named: W. W. McClure, James Morgan and Jos- eph Turner, trustees; James Turner, clerk; R. L. Jameson and William Judd, justices; Thomas Whitmore, assessor; D. M. Lyons and William Wood, constables. H. G. Smith and Thomas Whitmore, acted as clerks at this, the first election. The offi- cers in 1884 are as follows: S. J. Roe, William Wood, and John Borchers, trus- tees; William Christie, clerk; Joseph Turner and William Wood, justices of the peace; G. C. Hornby and W. W. McClure, constables, and W. W.Jameson, assessor. BDUCATIOXAL. The first school held in what is now Franklin township was taught by William Judd, at the log cabin of John Eller, on section 20, during the summer of 1857. An early school was also taught by Hannah Lewis, at the residence of W. W. Jameson, during the summer of 1858. District No. 1, consists of sections 1, 2, 11 and 12. The school house was built in 1873, and is 18x26 feet in size. Oil Coomes, the well known literateur and writer, was the first director, and Annie Huflf, the first teacher. Mary Wood is the teacher at this writing. District No. 2, embracing all of sections 3 and 10, and the east quarter of sec- tions 4 and 9, is one of the smallest in the township. In this sub-district, a school r -^ HISTORF OF CASS COUNTY. 801 was taught, in the summer of 1860, by Hattie Turner. lu the following year a small school house was erected, in which Gertie Disbrow was the first teacher. This building was used until the summer of 1876, when it was sold to Mrs. Sarah Robinson, for a granary, and a new edifice put up. Tlie new building is 22x30 feet in dimension, and cost about S611, to erect. The pioneer teacher in this building was Frank Caruthers. Anna Dalzell, is the teacher the pres- ent year, (I8S4). William Wood was the first director of the district. District No. 3 contains the west three quarters of sections 4, and 9, and the east quarter of sections 5 and 8. The first school house was built in 1870, on sec- tion 9, with Miss Annie Griffith as the first teacher. The pioneer school was held prior to this, in a log cabin on the same section, and to Miss Clara Brooks belongs the honor of having been the first to "teach the young idea how to shoot," in the district. In the year 1880, a new educational building was erected at a cost of about $1,500, and Miss Saraantha Nord- maii was the first preceptress. District No. 4 has a good school house, erected in 1867, at a cost of $700. It is a frame structure, 22x32 feet in size. W. W. Jameson, was the first sub-director. The district consists of the west three quarter of sections 5 and 8, and all of sec- tions 6 and 7. District No. 5 embraces all of sections 17, 18, 19 and 20. In the summer of 1860 a school house was erected on the northern line of section 19, which was 16x^0 feet in size. This was undoubtedly the first school house in the township. Miss Mary Gary, was the first teacher. Some ten years ago, say 1874, anew school edifice was built, and the old one was sold to John Filer, who uses it for a granary yet. David Lyons was the pioneer teacher in the new building, and Miss Eliza Hender- son the present one, in 1884. George Magee was the first director in this sub- district. The new building is 22x32 feet in ground area, and was erected at a cost of $625. The present school board of the district township of Franklin, is composed of the following gentlemen : Oil Coomes, presi- dent; William Cliristie, secretary; Oil Coomes, director from district number 1; J. R. Tuiner, number 2 ; William Chris- tie, Jr., number 3; W. G. Edwards, num- ber 4 ; August Seaman, number 5 ; H. C. Odell, number 6 ; S. Sampson, Jr., num- ber 7 ; G. Sandhorst, number 8 ; D. Bal- lentine, number 9, and G. S. Abbott, number 10. CEMBTERT. What is known as the Jameson ceme- tery, is located on section 7, and was laid out in 1860, W. W.Jameson donating the land. The first interment here was on the 20th of May, 1855, and was the mor- tal remains of Evaline Jaraeso i, the-/ daughter of Robert Jameson, who'h^d died the day previous. The second was a child of Mr. and Mrs. D. D. Morris, about the first of July, 1855. The third was the body of a Mr. Whitford, an emi- grant from Indiana to Nebraska, who died July 17, 1856, while passing through the county, and was buried here July 18, 1856. He is buried in the Jameson cem- etery. 1 he fourth was that of Adelaide McGeehon, daughter of R. D. and Mary « k. ±\^ 802 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. J. McGeehon, who died aged seventeen months, was buried November 12, 1857. It may be noted that there was two inches of snow on the ground that day. Judd Cemetery is located upon sections 18 and 19. This was never regularly laid out, but was used for burial purposes in an early day, simply for the want of a suitable spot dedicated to the uses this was put to. The first burial was that of an infant child of William and Maliuda Judd, in the spring of 1855. The babe was never named, as he died when but a small child. There were only a few graves here, as the burying of bodies here was abandoned, on the opening of the Jame- son cemetery. riEST ITEMS. The first hirth in the township was that of a daughter of Mr. and Mrs Jesse EUer, born during the summer of 1854. The first death was that of Evaline Jameson, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Jameson, who died on the 19th of May, 1855, and was buried in what is now the cemetery, although it was not laid out until later. The first ground in the township was broken by Jesse Eller, in 1855, and the first wheat was raised by him the same year. The first blacksmith in the township was Frank Nordman, who erected a forge during the autumn of 1856, on his farm on section 17. THE TOWN OP WIOTA. In the midst of a beautiful rolling prairie, rises the flourishing and growing town of Wiota. Ffteen years ago, this was a clear expanse of prairie, except here and there a lonely farm,but the virgin soil whereon the town now stands was then unbroken. In 1868, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad, passed this point but a station was not located here until 18T2. The town was started in that year; the land upon which it was laid out being the property for the most part, of Franklin H. Whitney. It was not platted or filed for record, for some time, the date upon the records being November 13, 1877, and the owners being set forth as Hoyt Sherman, assignee of B. F. Allen, in bankruptcy, and F. H. Whitney. On the 20th of August, 1878, Mr. Whitney filed for record an addition to the town which is known by his name. The town is laid out upon the north- west quarter of section 9, and the plat covers about sixty acres. The first building erected on the pres- ent site of the town was a dwelling house, just east of where the hotel now stands. The second building was moyed here from Atlantic, by Frank Whitney in the winter of 1772-3, and was used by Robert T. Young as a place to store grain. The building is now owned by D. P. Lewis. The first store in the village was kept by T. L. Pollard. A stock of groceries were bought and shipped to this point by R. T. Young and F. H. Whitney, in the spring of 1873. Mr. Young intending to engage in that branch of the mercantile trade, but finding that his other business had already attained proportions as ne- cessitated his full attention, the goods were sold to T. L. Pollard who opened a small store as above stated. Mr. Pollard followed this business for some time, when he accidently fell down the stairs of his dwelling house and was killed; -»iv -• — A)i HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 803 BUSINBSS DEVELOPMENTS. The first business man to establish him- self at this point was Robert T. Young, who, in December, 18'72, commenced to buy grain here. He continued in this business until February, 1H84, when he discontinued it, although he still owns one of the elevators. Robert T. Young, of Wiota, was the the first man to engage in business in this village. In December, 1872, he com- menced buying grain at this point. At that time the only building on the pres- ent village plat was a dwelling house just east of the present hotel. The second building was moved here by Frank Whit- ney during the same winter, from Atlan- tic, in which Mr. Young stored his grain. He continued in the grain business until February, 1884, and still ownes one of the elevators here. He established a lumber and coal trade in 1873 in which he is still engaged. He also bought and shipped the first live stock. Mr. Young is a native of Cortland county New York, where he was born in 1838. He removed when a child with his parents to Pennsylvania, and afterwards to West Virginia, thence to Illinois, where his parents still reside. He was married to Lamira Soul, a native of Vermont, and has always been actively engaged in business. A second store was opened in 1874, by Harvey Yeaman. The third man to open a general mer- chandise store was V. M. Lahman, who established that business in August, 1875, in the building now occupied by A. Ostran- der. He ran this about three years, when he changed his business to that of bank- ing, and is the present banker of the town. Ambrose Ostrander engaged in the general merchandise trade, in Wiota in February, 1878, and still is one of the leading merchants in this line in the town. Ambrose Ostrander, general merchant, engaged in business in February, 1878. His place of business is located south of the railroad, and his residence on the north. He was born in Columbia county, New York, in 1841. He was reared in his native county, and received his educa- tion at the Spencertown academy. At the age of twenty he engaged in teaching, which occupation he followed a portion of the time, for a number of years, thus securing means for completing his educa- tion. He studied with the view of enter- ing the ministry of the M. E. church, but did not carry out his purpose until recent- ly. He went to Michigan in 1870 and taught there one year, thence to LaPlata, Macon county, Missouri, where he en- gaged in the same business. He contin- ued there two and one-half years, when, on account of failing health, he was com- pelled to abandon teaching. He then en- gaged in mercantile trade. In 1875 he removed to Bloomfield, Davis county, Iowa, where he continued the same busi- ness, thence to Atlantic in 1878. He came to this town in 1879. Mr. Ostrander is at present, a local minister of the M. E. church. His wife was formerly Lizzie Knight, a daughter of D. B. Knight of Jefferson county, Iowa. Horton and Sons, are, also, engaged in the general merchandise line in the town of Wiota, having purchased the interest of E. O. Whitmore, on the 1st of April, ^ e)1^ i ^ta- 804 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 4 1884. They keep quite a complete stock of about $8,000, and are doing a fair busi- ness. The first hardware store in the town was established by Spurrier and Clure, in the year 1876, but Mr. Clure retiring, Mr. Spurrier has continued it alone since, and is the only exclusive dealer in that line of business in the town. He carries a fine large stock of heavy and shelf hardware, cutlery, stoves, etc., and has earned for himself the name of a fair and liberal dealer, and a public spirited gentleman. W. E. Spurrier, hardware dealer, came to Wiota in 1876, and that same season erected his present store. He is the first and only exclusive hardware dealer in the village. He was born in Johnson county, Iowa, in 1849, and he was engaged in the hardware business several years before coming to Wiota, and served an appren- ticeship at the trade of tinner. His wife was Augusta Barnes, a native of Indiana. They have two children — Harriet Augusta, and an infant daughter. He does a cash business of about $15,000, annually. The first to embark in the boot and shoe business was Thomas B. Scott, in Febru- ary, 1883. He took in as a partner, James Horrigan, who was a practical shoemaker, and who was working at the bench at the time. The building they occupy is 20x30 feet, and is well stocked with a full as- sortment of both coarse and fine shoes, and other foot gear. Mr. Horrigan at- tends to the custom work. Thomas B. Scott was born in Linn county, Iowa, on the 11th of March, 1841, his parents being James and Mary Scott. He learned the miller's trade there, and was likevt^se engaged about three years. when he began farming. In 1873 he left Linn county and moved to Nebraska, where he remained about eleven months, when he came to Cass county and located on a farm about six miles southeast of Wiota, and there remained until 1883, when he began his present business. Mr. Scott has a fine stock, and is making his mark in the world by his good manage- ment and upright business interests. He was married in February, 1868, to Martha J. Elrod, a native of Indiana. They have had two children — Edith, and a son, Roy, who died in August, 1876. Mr. Scott's residence is at Wiota, but besides this he has a residence on his farm, where his wife died in May, 1880. Martin Rorah, one of the present repre- sentatives of the grocery business, en- gaged in this line of trade on coming to Wiota, in 1879. He handles staple and fancy groceries, flour and feed, candies, tobaccos, etc., and has a fine trade. Martin Rorah was born in Butler coun- ty, Pennsylvania, July 5, 1828, and is the son of Jacob and Margaret (Hohn) Rorah. Martin was reared and educated in his native county, and when- grown to man- hood he followed the occupation of farm- ing. In 1868, he went to Henry county, Illinois, where he stillfoUowed the life of a farmer until September, 1879, when he came to Wiota, Cass county, Iowa, and has since been engaged in business. He was united in niarriage in 1849, in Pennsyl- vania, to Louisa Bork, a native of that State. Tliey have been blessed with nine children, seven of whom are now living — Maggie, no,\' married and lives in Cass county; Frank, living at home; John, Charles, Elmer and Ida. William J., _:^l^ ,^ ^^i^^^l^S** ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 805 died in 1852, aged two and one-lialf years, and Mary Jane died in 1863, at the age of twelve years. Mr. Rorah owns a farm of one liundred and twenty acres of land, southeast of Wiota, in Franklin township, but his residence and business are in town, while he owns other town property. He is a man of substantial character, and is highly esteemed as a business man and companion. Among the other business men in the general grocery line in this thriving town is James M. Foster, who commenced busi- ness in April, 1883. The lumber business was initiated by T. L. Pollard. Robert T. Young one of the dealers, and the most prominent ones, of the present, established this line of trade in 1873, in connection with the' handling of coal. He has continued ever since, and has a large and increasing trade. W. F. Lahmann is also engaged in the coal and lumber business which he started about 1880. Dr. J. I. Pogue came to Wiota in the fall of 1877, and engaged in the practice of medicine, and in 1878 estBblished his present drug businese. The pioneer blacksmith of Wiota was T. M. Woodson, who'-set up a shop here in the spring of 1873. This line of busi- ness is ably represented by Joseph Turner, one of the pioneer settlers of this part of the county, and one of the representative men of the district. Joseph Turner, the present mayor of Wiota, came to CaSs county at an early day, and has ever since been generally known to its citizens as a man of sterling worth and strictest integrity. He was born in Derbyshire, England, October 16, 1827, and is the son of Robert and Hannah Turner. When Joseph had reached his thirteenth year, his parents concluded to make their future home in the New World, and accordingly look passage for the United States. Arriving on America's shores, they selected for their home a point in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh. Here the father estab- libhed himself in his business of black- smithing, and here Joseph, who was an apt student, spent his time in acquiring that skill, dexterity and thorough knowl- edge at his trade, which his father, a trained artisan, was so well capable of im- parting. Though bis progress at his trade was all that could be desired, Joseph de- termined to avail himself of the opportu- nity offered to all in this country, of securing to himself a portion of the public domain, and accordingly in 1865, he came to this county and entered a quarter section of land in Pymosa town- ship. On returning to his eastern home, the impression made upon his mind by the supposed future prospects of the county in -which he had taken up his claim, so deepened, that he determined to make it his permanent home. And the spring of 1858, found him located on his land, making improvements and tilling the soil. In 1860 he went to Colorado, but after a stay of one and a half years, returned. In 18R2, he exchanged his farm for one on section 3, Franklin township, of which he still retains the ownership. In January, 1860, Mr. Turner's parents followed his footsteps to this county, and settled in this township, on section 3, where they continued peacefully to reside 1^^-' f 806 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. till death called them away. In 1878 he took up his residence in Wiota, and opened an establishraent for general blacksmith- ing; and numerous are the people in the vicinity who can testify to his skill at this, his chosen calling. Mr. Turner was married September 22, 1864, to Mary C. Chandler, a native of Ohio. They have five children living — Joseph R., Philip, Millward, Jane and George. They have been bereaved by death in the loss of two sons — Samuel and Frank. Mr. Turner has been successful in a business way,and his residence is one of the finest in Wiota. He is one of the solid and substantial men of the town, and is held in high esteem. His fellow-citizens have shown their confidence in him by choosing him for the responsible position of mayor, for which he is well fitted by integrity and experience. William Christie, Jr., was elected in the fall of 1880, and has since served as township clerk of Franklin township. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on the 13th of September, 1847, and is the son of William and Jeannette (Alex- ander) Christie, both natives of Scotland. When five years of age, William moved to Dodge county, Wisconsin, where he was reared and educated. After attend- ing the common schools he went to Beloit college to finish his education. He then be- gan teaching, and was thus engaged about two years, when he attended a two years course at the Oshkosh Normal school. In 1876 became to Cass county, and first taught a number of terms at Marne, and there remained until coming to Wiota, where he entered the grain business. Car- rying out that business about four years, he then began investing money, and has since been engaged in that occupation. Mr. Christie was married in April, 1881, to Miss Margaret Wood, a native of Illi- nois. They have one child — Ralph Waldo. Mr. C. was elected to the position of supervisor of Cass county, in the fall of 1883, and has also held the p'osition of sec- retary of the school board. The harness business is represented by J. G. Irwin. This was the first harness shop established in Wiota, the date of its establishment being January, 1878. POSTOFFICE. The postoffice at Wiota was established in 1873, and Oliver Coomes was commis- sioned as the first postmaster. He held it but a short time, and has been suc- ■ceeded in turn by T. L. Pollard, Thomas Whitmore, J. C. Whitmore, John Irving, and the present incumbent, Ichabod A. Boyd. Mr. Boyd came to Franklin town- ship in 1873, and settled on a farm on section 16, where he lived until he came to Wiota. He was appointed postmaster on the 12th of July, 1884. SOCIBTT. Wiota lodge. No. 346, Independent Or- der of Odd Fellows, was organized April 20, 1876, by J. P. James, P. G,, of Anita Lodge, No. 262, with the following char- ter members: ' Oliver Coomes, P. G.; James Kempley, W. W. McClure, 'J lieo- dore Jones, Joseph Turner, Hamilton Hemphill, George Ragan, James Morgan^ Albert Beason, Nathaniel Bruyn. At the organization the following oflicers were installed: James Kempley, N. G.; Ham- ilton Hemphill, V. G.; Joseph Turner, Secretary; Theodore Jones, P. S.; Na- thaniel Bruyn, Treasurer. The present w •4fc 'M* HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 807 officers of this order are: D. D. Hunt, N. G.; James Horign, V. G.; James Mc" Dermott, Jr., Secretary; Frank Nordman, P. S.; E. M. Brooks, Treasurer. The pres- ent membership of this lodge- numbers about fifty. COENET BAND. The Wiota cornet band was organieed in June, 1883, with E. V. Burke, of At- lantic, as musical director. The organiza- tion at that time was composed of the following members: T. L. Malone, James Horign, F. M. Lahman, Joseph Turner, Edward Briram, William McClure, George Whitmore, Frank Odell,W. S. Foster and D. D. Hunt. The band is now conducted under the leadership of A. G. Irwin, with F. M. Lahman treasurer, and J. M. Horign secretary. It is a band superior to that usually found in places of this size, and is, indeed, a credit to the town. At present the band is made up of the following members: J. M. Horign, solo B-flat; Joseph Turner, first B-flat; F. M. Lah- man, second B-flat; Fred Holcomb, first alto; Russell Ballentine, second alto; Henry Blood, first tenor; Charles "Woods, second tenor; William McClure, baritone; F. M. Odell, tuba; William Roe, snare drum; Robert Roe, base drum and cym- bals. MUNICIPAL. Wiota was incorporated as a town in the spring of 1884, with the following officers: Joseph Turner, mayor; T. L. Ma- lone, recorder; G. C. Hornby, marshal; T. B. Scott, street commissioner; William Christie Jr., D. D. Hnnt,L A. Boyd, Wil- liam Chambers, John Irwin, E. O. Whit- more, town council. The officers at pres- ent remain the same, with the exception that V. M. Lahman and Orren Horton serve in the place of William Chambers and E. O. Whilmore as councilmen. CHAPTER XXXIII. PLEASANT TOWNSHIP. -¥ That geographical sub-division of Cass county which is now known as Pleasant township, was originally a part of Cass township, and was set off from it in 1870, when the county was reorganized to make its civil townships coincide with the con- gressional. The warrant for the election 50 for organization purposes was issued to John W. Fuson, June 11, 18Y0, and the election was ordered to be held in Octo- ber, 1870, at the Stetler school house. This township is, in common with the remainder of the county, well watered and drained, and has advantages for the ^ 808 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. raising of stock and grain which offer ex- cellent inducements to anyone looking for a location for the pursuit of either or both of those industries. Lone Tree creek has its source in the northwest part of the township in numerous little rivulets, and where these join to form the creek, it flows tortuously toward the west, and joins Baughman's creek in the southwest cor- ner of section 1, just before the combined stream leaves the county. Baughman's creek flows into the township from Cass, at the northeast quarter of section 4, and flows sonthwestwardly till it has its con- fluence with Indian creek, as before men- tioned. Clark's creek has its origin in sev- eral rivulets a little south of the center of the township, and fljsws southwest until it leaves the township and county, about the center of the west line of section 31. Besides these streams and their many branches, small tributaries of other streams have their origin in, or flow through, corners of the township; so that one of the prime factors necessary to make this section successful in an agri- cultural sense, is supplied by nature to begin with. This fact, taken in connec- tion with the uniform excellence of the soil, and the proximity of the town of Griswold for a market, renders the town- ship one of the most favored of nature's garden spots. Pleasant ridge, commenc- ing between sections 1 and 2, and extend- ing southward throughout the entire length of the township, seems to have been unduly favored. The road along its top passes through one of the prettiest pieces of farming country in the west. Splendid farms, large and well-kept houses, neat and tasty improvements, sleek-looking stock, and all the things that go to make glad the eye of the lover of a happy blending of nature and art, greet the gaze all along this road. The railroad line formed by the Atlan- tic and Southern, and the Red Oak and Atlantic, enters the township from the north between sections 5 and 6, and passes out, in its course toward Red Oak, about the middle of the west line of section 19. The shipping facilities thereby afforded supplies whatever might have otherwise been lacking for comfort and convenience. Good wagon roads intersect the township at short intervals, following, in most cases, the section lines. EAKLT SBTTLBMBNT. Pleasant township, with its splendid farming country, lay untouched by the plow, or even untrodden by the feet of the settler, for several years after immi- gration had commenced in other portions of the county; so that when William Baughman took up his claim and built his log cabin, he found no neighbor in what is now the rich and populous district of Pleasant. Mr. Baughman came in the spring of 1855 and located land on sections 4 and 5. He then went back east and brought his family to Indiantown, while he came again to the township, cutting logs for the building of a cabin. These logs he hauled to Lewis, where he had them cut. Hauling them back, he built with them the first house in the township, and his family moved into it in the spring of 1856. William Baughman was born in West- moreland county, Pennsylvania, June 19, =^ 4s5 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 809 1828. His parents were Jacob and Mar garet (Cort) Baughraan, both of whom were natives of Pennsylvania. William was there reared to agricultural pursuits, receiving his education in the common schools. He was married March 22, 1834, to J. B. Schwartz. In the fall of 1855, they started west by the way of Pitts- burg, coming from there to Keokuk on a boat, and thence overland to this county, where he has continued to reside since that time. Mr. Baughman was elected in the fall of 1881, to the General Assembly of the State of Iowa, and served two years. Samuel Stetler came in 1862, from Illinois, and traded his farm in that State for one hundred and sixty acres on sec- tions 24 and 25. He then went back to Illinois and got his family and household goods, and settled on his new purchase, where he still resides. Samuel Sfetler was born in Columbia county, Pennsylvania, December 27,1816, and is a son of Barnard and Mary Stetler, natives of the Hawkeye State. Samuel spent his early life in Columbia county, where he was brought up on a farm and ■attended the public schools. In 1837 he was married there, to Elizabeth Shumaker, also a native of that county, where they resided till 1855. In that year they re- moved to Lee county, Illinois, and there purchased unimproved land, which they settled upon and cultivated. In 1857, Mr. Stetler went to California, overland, leav- ing Lee county, March 1, and arriving at his destination iu California, August 20. He engaged in mining, and remained in that State until September, 1859, when he returned to his home in Illinois, via Nica- ragua and New York. He resumed farm- ing, remaining in Lee county till 1862, when he traded his farm there for one hundred and sixty acres of land on sec- tions 24 and 25, in what is now Pleasant township, this county. In September of that year they removed here, making the journey with a pair of horses and a wagon. They brought with them their household goods and provisions, camping on the way, and after their arrival here, laid in the wagon until their house was complet- ed. His farm, which was then wild prairie, is now well improved and culti- vated. He has substantial buildi^ gs, a fine grove, and a fruit orchard. A hedge fence nearly surrounds his farm. Mrs. Stetler died in 1861, leaving five children — Perry, Almira, Ellen, Clara A. and Catherine. Mr. Stetler was married the second time, in 1863, to Frances Sifford, a native of Virginia. By this union there are five children — Mary Belle, Maggie A., Carrie M., Cora E. and Emma. Mr. Stet- ler's eldest son, Perry, was born in Colum- bia county, Pennsylvania, August 9, 1840. In 1861 he enlisted in the First Illinois Heavy Artillery, and did gallant service for three and a half years. After his discharge he was married, and settled in Lee countv, where he died in 1879. George Stedwell, from Winneshiek county, bought eighty acres of wild land on section 31, in the spring of 1866, and settled on it. Henry A. Barton came in 1867 from Washington county, and purchased eighty acres of land on sections 23 and 26. Josiah Merritt came first in 1868, and after a while went back to Illinois. In 1870 he returned to make a permanent ■» »-i a'ST i^i « m^. 810 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. *t settlement, and shortly afterwards bought eighty acres on section 4, Pleasant town- ship. Thomas B. Grennell came in 1869, and settled on section 14, on land which he had bought the fall previously. Thomas B. Grennell was born in New York, in that part of Montgomery county now known as Hamilton county, June 24, 1832. His parents, Abram Grennell, a native of Massachusetts, and Lucinda (Dewey) Grennell, a native of Vermont, settled in New York State about 1826, where they resided in Hamilton county, until their decease. The subject of this sketch grew to manhood in the town of Hope, in that county, spending his younger days in attending school, and working upon his father's farm. When in his twenty-first year, he went to work for himself, at lumbering]and farming, in that county. In the fall of 1869 he started west, and went to Illinois, where he remained a short time, then coming to this State'and county, where he , had pur- chased, the previous , year, wild land on section 14 of what is now known by the name of Pleasant township. He spent the winter near Lewis, and during the time, built a house upon his land, into which he moved, April 5, 18V0. Since that time he has improved all of his land and planted many fruit, shade and orna- mental trees upon the place. He has erected good frame buildings and has a desirable residence. Mr. Grennell was married January 1, 1862, to Frances Mor- rison, a native of the town jof Wells, Hamilton county. New York, and by this union had six children — Lottie L., War- ren Jerome, Thomas Henry, Minnie A., Ida P. and Charles Albert. Mrs. Gren- nell died on the 26th of December, 1880. Mr. Grennell has been fairly successful in business. As a citizen, he is much respected and always takes an active interest in any measure intended for the public welfare. Joseph Harlan came from Polk county in 1869, and located in the southwest quar- ter of section 24. W. T. Hughes came in 1869, and bought the southeast quarter of section 22, where he now resides. John Ketchum also came in 1869, and located on the south half of the northwest quarter of section 35. John H. Lowman came in 1869, and bought the southeast quarter of section 34. He was born in Cass county, Indi- ana, October 5, 1839. At the age of fifteen years he removed with his parents, to Iowa and settled in Camp township, Polk county, where they were early settlers. His father purchased a farm there, on which he still lives. John H. resided with his parents , until his marriage in 1861, to Lucinda McCullom, when he settled on a farm near the old homestead. In August, 1862, he enlisted in company G, of the Twenty-third Iowa Infantry, and served until after the close of the war. He participated in the engagements at Thompson's Hill, Champion Hill, Black River Bridge, Milliken's Bend, siege and capture of Vicksburg, Fort Blakely and Spanish Fort, also a num- ber of minor engagements. He was dis- charged with the regiment, in July, 1865, and returned home. His father gave him a portion of the old homestead, which he occupied till 1868, then sold, and bought Je 1^ 1^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 811 a larger tract, near by. This he sold, one year later, and went to Dakota, but not being satisfied there, he returned to Iowa and purchased unimproved land in the southeast quarter of section 34, Pleasant township, Cass county, where he now re- sides. He has a valuable farm, which is well improved and a desirable residence. Mr. and Mrs. Lowman have eight child- ren — Mary J., Emily A., Frank H., Sa- mantha J., Minnie M., Samuel Guy, Mary S. and Lucy Ethel. Simon Proctor caine in 1869, bought two hundred and forty acres of wild land on section 14, and in the fall erected a frame house, into which the family re- moved, and where he lived until his death. Simon Proctor, (deceased) was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, in January 1818. When he was quite young, his parents removed to Washington county, of the same State, left Washington when a boy, went to Guernsey county where he was joined in marriage with Iluldah French. After marriage he settled- in Guernsey county, Ohio, where, September 4, 1853, Mrs. Proctor died, leaving five children, three of whom are now living — A. Edward, Joseph and Mary Caroline. Mr. Proctor was again married in 1855, to Mrs. Elizabeth J. (Blakely) Gordon, widow of M. H, Gordon. She was born in West- moreland county, Pennsylvania. They remained in Guernsey county, where Mr. Proctor owned a farm until 1868. They then moved to Missouri and lived upon rented land in that State until the spring of 1870, when th^y came to Cass county and settled in Pleasant township. He had previously traded his farm in Ohio for two hundred and forty acres of unim- proved land on section 14, and in the fall of 1869, he had come here and erected a frame house, into which the family moved on their arrival. Mr. Proctor resided here until his death, in February, 1877. He had by his second marriage, seven children — Alice, Emma V., Walter C, Elmer E., Sherman, Charlie C. and John Oscar. Mrs. Proctor has one son by her former marriage — William B. Gordon. George W. Halsey came in 1869, and bought sixty-five acres of land on section 1. He came from New Jersey. R. T. Donohoe came in 1868, and enter- ed the northeast quarter of section 23, but did not remove to it till the fall of 1870. S. W. Garvin came in 1868, and bought eighty acres of wild land in section 7, and settled in 1870. S. W. Garvin was born in Bureau county, Illinois, January 18, 1844, and is a son of Noble and Sarah (Mercer) Gar- vin, the former a native of Kentucky, and the latter of Ohio. They were early set- tlers in Bureau county, where- S. W. grew to manhood and was educated in the pub- lic schools; He enlisted in the service of his country, in March, 1862, in Company I,of the Sixty-fourth Illinois Sharpshooters known as "Yates Sharpshooters," and served until July, 1865, when he was dis- charged with the regiment. He was in the battles of Chickamauga, and Island Number Ten, and with Sherman's army from Chattanooga to the sea, and through the Carolinas to Washington, where he was present at the "grand review." After the war he returned to Bureau county Ill- inois. In March, 1866, he started west on a prospecting tour, visiting Missouri, Minnesota and Iowa, returning in 1867_ lU, 812 HISTOKT OF CASS COUNTY. In April of that year he came to Iowa and lived in Boone county three years, then came to Cass county, and bought eighty acres of wild land in section 1, adjoining Griswold, in Pleasant township. He set- tled on this land in 1870, and has since made it his home. He has a well improved and desirable farm. Mr. Garvin was mar- ried in 1866, to Martha Childs, of Bureau county, Illinois. They have three chil- dren — Sarah E., Wallie and Alma. Mr. Garvin was elected to the office of county supervisor in the fall of 1883, and has filled various township offices. D. W. Smart came in 1870, and pur- chased forty acres of laud on the south- west quarter of section 6. Frank Sherwood came in 1870, and settled at first on land owned by his father, on the southeast quarter of sec- tion 13. The place was wholly unim- proved at that time, but he immediately began to make improvements, building a frame house and breaking a portion of the land. He has since purchased the north half of the same quarter section, and still makes it his home. Frank Sherwood was born in the town of Shelby, Orleans couniy, New York, September 10, 1842. He grew to man- hood on a farm^ in his native county, attending, in his boyhood, the district school. He afterward attended Millville academy ten terms, then one term at Medina academy. He graduated from Eastman's National business college, at Poughkeepsie,New Yorkjin 1864. Novem- ber 3, 1869, he was married to Sabra Mans, also a native of Shelby, Orleans county. They remained in that county till the spring following, coming then to Cass county, as before stated. He has, since coming to this State, taught eleven terms of school. Mr. and Mrs. Sherwood are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. They have three children — Jen- nie May, Freddie H. and Ralph Emerson. W. J. Wood came to Cass county in the spring of 1870, and purchased land on sections 31 and 32, Pleasant township. He is a native of Indiana, born in Put- nam county, October 14, 1842. He is a son of Dobson and Mary (Tabor) Wood, the former a native of Virginia, and the latter of Kentucky. They were early settlers in Putnam county, and in 1850 removed to Iowa and settled in Wapello county. In the fall of 1850, Dobson Wood visited that county and entered eighty acres, and purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land. To this he moved his family, making the trip from Indiana with teams and bringing their household furniture with them. They were on the road thirty days. Dobson Wood resided in Wapello county until his decease in 1867. W. J. Wood re- mained with his parents till 1863, when he was married to Ella Marshall, a native of Preble county, Ohio. He then bought forty acres of land in Wapello county, which he lived upon until 1869, when he sold out and removed to Cass caunty. In the spring of 1870, he purchased unim- proved land on sections 31 and 3a, which he has converted into his present valuable and highly cultivated farm. He has a good frame house, a frame barn with a stone foundation, a fine grove and also many fruit trees. Mr. and Mrs. Wood have four children — Warren E., Freder- ick E., Ella M. and Geneva L. I!^ ■::m. * HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY, 813 Joseph Carter came in IS'?!, and pur- chased land on section 25, locating there. John 6. Gibson came in 1871, from Johnson county, and purchased one hun- dred and twenty acres of wild land on section 34, which he moved on to and im- proved. Samuel A. Miller bought the northwest quarter of section 11, in 1860, but did not settle on it until 1872. Jesse Thayer located in Pleasant town- ship in 1871, and bought eighty acres of wild land oh section 5, in 1872, which he began improving, and now has it in a good state of cultivation and well improved. It has since been, and is still, his resi- dence. He is a native of Crawford coun- ty, Pennsylvania, born April 21, 1836. His early life was spent upon a farm in his native county. In 1858 he came to the State of Iowa, and located in Allama- kee county, purchasing land in Rossville township, which he improved and lived upon until 1871, coming from there to Cass county. In the fall of 1861 he en- listed in company B, of the Twelfth Iowa Infantry. He was wounded at the battle of Fort Donelson, and discharged on ac- count of disability. In the fall of 1863 he again enlisted in the Firbt Iowa Cav- alry, company K, and was in active serv- ice until the close of the war. He was discharged at Austin, Texas, February 18, 1866, and returned to Allamakee county. In the spring of 1859 he was married to Ellen Wheeler, who was born in Craw- ford county, Pennsylvania. By this union there were four children: Charles, Ern- est, Nellie and Orpha. Mrs. Thayer died in 1875. In 1877 Mr. Thayer was mar- ried to Mary Shaffer, and by this marriage has two children — Frank and Ezra. Rev.Henry McCuUough, one of the elders of the Presbyterian church at Griswold, was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, May 25, 1845. He is a son of Robert and Eliza- beth (Ling) McCuUough. He grew to manhood in his native county upon a farm, obtaining his education in the public schools. In 1866 his father died, and two years later he came to Iowa and located in Poweshiek county, where he resided till March, 1871. He then came to Cass county, where a few weeks after his ar- rival, he was joined by his mother and sisters. His mother bought land on sec- tion 26, Pleasant township, upon which the family resided until 1881, when they removed to land that he had previously purchased and improved, on section 11, of this town. Mr. McCuUough joined the Presbyterian church in Ohio in 1867, and has since that time, been a consistent member and an active and earnest Chris- tian worker. He was one of the first members, and the first elder, of the Gris- wold church. EBPRESBNTATIVB CITIZENS. . Among the more prominent and iuflu- ential citizens of the township are the following well known agriculturalists, the true bone and sinew of Pleasant town- ship: Thomas N. Roberts was born in Wes- ley township, Washington county, Ohio, December 13, 1832. He is the son of Adolph and Elizabeth (Crosby) Roberts, both of whom are natives of Pennsylva- nia. His father was born on the 21 st of November, 1802, and with his parents settled in Ohio previous to the war of [ -^ »' rp fe 814 HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. 1812. His motherwasborn June 18, 1803. When she was seven years of age, her parents removed to Ohio. After his mar- riage, Adolph removed to Washington county, Ohio, where he bought timber land, clearing a portion of it. In 1836 he sold and removed to Athens county, and purchased timber land, erecting on it a log cabin, where, with his family, he re- sided until 1843, in which year he sold his place and removed to the, then. Terri- tory of Iowa. His family then consisted of himself, wife and seven children. The journey westward was made with one team of horses, provisions and household goods being thus transported from Ohio. Arriving west of the. Mississippi, they selected a location in Louisa county, which after a trial of one and a half years, they gave up for a more desirable one in Linn county, his farm there being on the pres- ent site of Cedar Rapids. In August, 1849, they removed to Johnson county, where Adolph had previously entered land, located in Penn township. lie died there in 1872, but his widow still occu- pies the homestead. Thomas N. made his home with his parents until 1851, when he entered a blacksmith shop in Cedar Rapids,as an apprentice. He served nearly three years, then returned home and built a shop on the old homestead, where he worked at his trade and managed his father's farm three years. He then opened a shop in West Liberty, where he worked at his trade until August 13, 1862, when he 'enlisted in company E, Twenty- eighth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, serving three years. Among the more important engagements in which he took part, were the following: Port Gibson, Edwards ^ Station, Champion Hill, siege of Vicks- burg, Sabine Cross Roads, Perryville, Winchester and Cedar Creek. He was wounded at Winchester, where a ball took a piece off the top of his ear. He was taken prisoner, at Sabine Crossroads, on the 8th of April, 1864, and detained as a prisoner of war, at Mansfield, Louisiana, until June 11, of the same year, when he was paroled, and went to New Orleans, where he remained until August 4, 1864, when he rejoined his regiment in Virgi- nia. He was mustered out with the regi- ment on the 31st of July, 1865. He re- turned to Johnson county, and, Cincin- natus-like took up his old occupation of farming. Here he remained until 1873, when he came to Cass county, and located on section 2, in Pleasant township, where he has erected good buildings and has his farm in a state of high cultivation. He was married in 1855, to Maria Dean, daughter of David and Melinda (Beck- with) Dean, who were the first settlers of Buckingham township, Tama county, in 1852, and were among the pioneers of Wright county, in 1855. They have five children — William R., Gilford A., Thomas Everett, Emery E., and Orin Adolph. Lawrence Dolan, a native of Ireland, was born on Whit-Monday, 1843.- His father displayed a great interest in educa- tional matters and gave the use of his home for a school room during the winter seasons. As he was a highly educated man, he gave his children good instruc- tions in the various branches, and the subject of this sketch acquired an educa- tion that has been ever useful to him. In 1864, he left his native land for America, locating in New Haven, Connecticut, * ■ - — — '^-'1 — T? A> l\^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 815 where he was engaged with Frederick Jones, in an axle manufactory, and later with J. R. Sargent and Company, hard- ware factory. He remained in Connecti- cut until 1866, when he came to Iowa and located in Harrison county, where he taught school for about a year, and after- ward spent three years on the plains be- tween Omaha and Salt Lake City. In July, 1869, he came to Cass county, and purchased one hundred and twenty acres of wild land, on section 22, Pleasant town- ship, and erected a house 12 x 18, with eight foot posts. In 1883, he erected a commodious residence, with plans of the latest style in architecture. He now owns a farm of three hundred and twenty acres, finely improved, and raises a large amount of fine stock and is one of the most prosperous, enterprising and substan- tial farmers of Pleasant township. 'Mr. Dolan was married June 14, 1869, to Catherine Caffey, who was born in the town of Kilbeggin, county of West Meath, Ireland. They have six children —Charles C, Bridget C, Mary A., Ellen J., Patrick T. and Theresa M. Henry Letz came to Cass county in. 1870, and located in Noble township, pur- chasing the northeast quarter of section 23, which was wholly unimproved. This land he improved and cultivated, making it his home till 1880, when he rented the place and removed to Griswold, where he built a hotel, naming it the "Iowa House." He continued keeping hotel till Septem- ber, 1884. He then rented it and moved to a farm in Pleasant township, for which he had traded his farm in Noble township. He is now located on the northeast quar- ter of section 18. Henry Letz was born in Strasburg, France, October 23, 1843, and is a son of Michael and Eleanor Letz. At the age of eleven years he came with his parents to the United States, and settled in LaSalle county, Illinois, where he remained until he came to Cass county. He was married in 1870, to Jane Cooper, a native of Ireland. She came to this country when three months old. Mr. and Mrs. Letz have three children — Richard, Ralph and Eleanor. Henry Linneman came to the county of Cass in 1872, and located in Pleasant township. In 1879 he purchased eighty acres of land on section 22, where he built a neat frame house and granary. He is a native of Lippe-Detwold, Ger- many, and was born on the 6th of No- vember, 1845. He was brought up in the "Fatherland," and attended school until he was fourteen years of age, when he entered upon the toils of life, laboring on a farm. This he followed until he was nineteen years old, when he emigrated from his native land to the shores of America. On coming to the United States, he first located at Burlington, Iowa, where he soon took up his old occu- pation of farming. From there he moved to Henderson county, Illinois, and there resided until 1 872, when he came here, as already slated. His father died when Henry was seventeen years old, and his mother, with her four children came to America. Mr. Linneman is a thrifty, in" dustrious man and a most excellent citi zen, and is fast accumulating a comforta- ble competency, in strictly legitimate agricultural pursuits. He is one of the solid men of the township, and highly appreciated by his friends and neighbors. ;^ ♦J® 816 HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. John Stabler, in March, 1884, came to Cass county and bought three hundred and twenty acres of land in sections 27 and 28 of Pleasant township, land for- merly owned by Capt. J. A. Russell. The greater part of this land is improved and he has a frame house and other farm buildings. John Stabler is a native of England, born in Yorkshire, April 30, 1857. His parents emigrated to America when he six months old, and settled in Bureau county, Illinois, where his father purchased a farm in the town of Nepon- set. There he spent his early life receiv- ing his education in the district schools. In February, 1880, he was united in mar- riage with Ella Trayn or. They have one child, Clyde. L. L. Colton came to Cass county in 1876, and purchased a farm of T. W. Williamson, located on the southwest quarter of section 29. There was then upon the place, a frame house, and a grove had been planted. Mr. Colton has since built a frame barn and made other im- provements. He was born in the city of Buffalo, New York, April 29, 1831, and is a son of Samuel H. and Samantha (Dodge) Colton. The latter was a de- scendant of John Dodge who was born near the river Tweed, in England, and emigrated to America in 1667, and settled on Block Island, in the State of Rhode Island. Samantha (Dodge) Colton was born in Herkimer county, New York, in 1804, and removed with her parents to Buffalo, in 1810. There they were among the pioneers of that city, and endured the hardships and privations incident to the early settlement of any locality, and which in their case, were rendered partic- ularly severe, being added, as they were to the horrors of the war of 1812, during which they were driven from their home by the British soldiers and their Indian allies. This occurred December 30, 1813, the time when Buffalo was burned by the British, Samuel H. Colton was born at Cherry Valley, New York. He settled, with his parents, in Buffalo previous to the war of 1812. His death occurred in Johnson county, Iowa, July 5, 1881. He was then in the eighty-eighth year of his age. When the subject of this sketch was very young, his parents moved to Wyoming county of the same state, where they lived six years, then returned to Erie county and located at Alden. He remained there until 1862, when he came to Iowa and engaged in driving stage from Bellevue to Dubuque. The same year he joined the army and was employed in the quarter-master's department until July 1865, then returned to Iowa and purchased a farm in Washington township, Jackson county. He lived there until the date of his coming to this county, 1876. Mr. Col- ton was married in Erie county, New York, February, 20, 1851,' to Mariette Johnson a native of St. Lawerence coun- ty. New York, and daughter of Amasa atid Sarah (Wells) Johnson, natives of Connecticut. Mr. and Mrs. Colton have one child — Alice, wife of W. W. Shu- man. Robert D. Adams, an eldej- in the Gen- eral Presbyterian Church, "was born in Morgan county, Illinois, August 20, 1839. He was reared upon a farm, and in his childhood attended a subscription school until the system of free schools was established, after which he attended T>1V y^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 817 school winters and worked at farming during the summer seasons. At the age of nineteen years he went to Cass county, Illinois, and engaged in farming. He en- listed August ]2, 1861, in company C, of the Second Illinois Cavalry, and served until August, 1864. He was at the front and in active service the greater part of the time. After his discharge he settled in Morgan county, Illinois, upon a farm. March 4, 1865, he was united in marriage with Margaret J. Ware, who was born at Sidney, Shelby county, Ohio. He then removed to Cass county, Illinois, and re- mained till 1870. In the fall of that year he purchased wild land in the southwest quarter of section 13, Pleasant township, to which he then removed. He now has a well cultivated and desirable farm, and a pleasant residence, surrounded by fruit and shade trees. Mr. and Mrs. Adams have two children — Lewis R., and Jessie M. Their eldest child, John Paul, died in infancy. Clarence died at the age of four years and eleven months. Albert W. Wyman settled in Cass county in the spring of 1882, purchasing then, the southwest quarter of section 16, Pleasant township. There was a small frame house upon the place, which he has rebuilt and enlarged. He has also im- proved the place otherwise. Albert W. Wyman was born in Skowhegan, Somerset county, Maine, June 23, 1848. When he was seven years of age, his parents moved to Sheffield, Bureaucounty, Illinois, where he spent his childhood and youth. In 1869, he was united in marriage with Kate L. Peeples, a native of Scotland, After marriage he settled in Neponset. Bureau county, where he bought a resi- dence and remained until he removed to Cass county in 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Wyman have a family of five children — Nettie, Thomas, William, Charlie and James. John Walkinshaw owns a valuable farm of two hundred and forty acres, located on sections 11 and 12. He came to this county in 1877, and purchased then, eighty acres on section 12, upon which was a small frame house and a granary. He improved and fenced this land and afterwards bought one hundred and sixty acres on section 11. He also has the latter purchase fenced and under good improvement. Mr. Walkinshaw is an energetic and prosperous farmer. He was born in the northern part of Ireland, in 1827, and there grew to manhood. He was reared to the pursuit of agriculture, and received his education in the public schools. In 1853 he came to America, landing at Philadelphia, and locating in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, where he was employed in farming, two years. He then removed to Whiteside county, Ill- inois, and followed the same occupation, three years, after which he bought a team of oxen and engaged in breaking prairie for several years. He remained in that county till 1877. He was married in February 1857, to Mary Schoch, a native of Pennsylvania. They have six chil- dren — Laura, William, John, David, Fred and George. Mr. and Mrs. Walkinshaw are members of the Presbyterian church. Jesse Underwood came to Cass county in 1867, and located then in Washington township, where he lived till the spring of 1869. He then moved to Bear Grove Jiownship, and remained until the spring T J^t's — «>- k. 818 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. of 1873, when he bought the southeast quarter of section 2, Pleasant township, which was, at that time, wild land. He now has a well improved farm, all under fence and in a good state of cultivation. He has a good, substantial dwelling, a grove, and an orchard containing apple and other fruit trees. He was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, April 10, 1823, and is a son of Jesse and Julia A. (Meyers) Underwood, natives of the same State. Wlien he was thirteen years of age, his parents moved to Ohio, and settled in Knox county, where his youth and early manhood was spent. He was united in marriage in Coshocton county, Ohio, February 12, 1846, with Mary Mc- Cullough, after which he resided in Knox county until 1867, coming then, as before stated, to Cass county, Iowa. They made the journey with two pairs of horses and two wagons, bringing their household goods with them. They left Knox county October 8th, and arrived in Lewis, Octo- ber 12th. Mr. and Mrs. Underwood have seven children — Mary Ann, Henry, Cath- erine, Isaac, Laura Lorina, John W. and Sarah. Their second son, Isaac, was born in Knox county, Ohio, September 22,1851, and was sixteen years of age when his parents moved to Cass county. He now carries on his father's farm. December 24, 1877, he was married to Elizabeth In- graham, daughter of Clark and Electa In- graham, and a native of Henderson county, Illinois. They have three children — Claj'k, William H. and Myrtle. George H. Carpenter was born in Tomp- kins, county, New York, May 27, 1856, and is a sou of Daniel and JJetsy (Shepard) Car- penter. He was educated in the district school, and afterwards attended a graded school, in the village of Groton, Tomp- kins county. He completed his education at the State normal school, at Cortland, in Cortland county, where he spent two terms. He then, at the age of seventeen years, began teaching school. At the age of twenty-one he went to Bureau county, Illi- nois, and engaged in teaching, which he continued fourteen terms. He was subse- quently employed in clerking in the store of J. A. Russell, and also had charge of an elevator. October 10, 1882, he was married to Nora, daughter of J. A. and Sophronia (Barrett) Russell. In March, 1884, Mr. Carpenter came to Cass county, and settled on section 28, of Pleasant township. The farm which he owns and occupies contains two hundred and forty acres of land, and was formerly the prop- erty of the late Captain J. A. Russell, of Bureau county, Illinois. This is a highly improved and desirable farm. All of the improvements were madeby Captain Rus- sell. Daniel A. Miller is a native of Franklin county, Indiana, born September 13, 1841. He is a son of G. W. and Harriet Miller, of whom the former was a native of Vir- ginia and the latter of Indiana. They re- moved, when Daniel A. was very young, to Fayette county of the same State, where his early life was spent. In September, 1861, he enlisted in company F, of the Second Indiana Cavalry, and . served until September, 1864. The next month he re-enlisted in company I, of the United States Veteran Volunteers, and served in the defences of Washington and vicinity for one year. He was then discharged with the regiment, and re- >^ %* HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 819 turned home. In January, 1866, he came to Iowa, and located in Warren county, purchasing land in Jefferson township, on which he lived until 18'72, when he sold out and came to Cass county. He settled upon the northwest quarter of section 1 1, Pleasant township, on land which he had bought in 1860. He has since purchased other land, and now owns two hundred and forty acres, all under good improve- ment. He has erected commodious and substantial buildings, and planted a grove and orchard. The latter is one of the finest orchards in the State, and contains six hundred trees. Mr. Miller was mar- ried, in 1867, to Mary Wakefield, a native of Pennsylvania. They have six children —Flora E., Minnie E., ;Stella E., Daniel C, Alice A. and James Emerson. C. C. Smith located in Pleasant town- ship in 1874. In 1880 he purchased his present farm, which is located on the southwest quarter of section 16. The land is now all improved and fenced. Mr. Smith was born in Lincolnshire, England, February 1, 1854. He resided in his na- tive land till twenty years of age. He then left his home and came to America, landing in Boston. He immediately went West, going to Nebraska, where he re- mained a short time, and then came to Cass county. In 1876 he was married to Mary A. Shaffer, who was born in Illi- nois. They have three children — Henry Ross, Charles F. and Laura A. Mr. Smith is an enterprising and industrious farmer, and is already a successful one. George Brunner resides on section 17, Pleasant township, where he owns a farm of one hundred and forty acres, all under a high state of cultivation, and well im- proved. He has planted a fine grove, and also an orchard. Mr. Brunner is a native of Germany, born in Hesse-Darmstadt, August 4, 1838. He is well educated, having attended the common schools of his native country until fourteen years of age, after which he attended a high school for two years. In 1856, he came to the United States, landing in New York. He located in Chambersburg, Franklin coun- ty, Pennsylvania, where he found employ- ment, and remained until 1862, when he enlisted in the service of his adopted country, in company B, of the One Hun- dred and Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Vol- unteer Infantry. He participated in the battle of Fredericksburg, where his regi- ment entered the engagement with eight hundred and sixty men, and came out with two hundred and thirty; also the battles of Antietam, Shepardstown, Chan- cellorsville, and many other minor engage- ments. He was honorably discharged at the expiration of his terra of service. In the spring of 1864 he went to Illinois, and remained in Whiteside county until fall. He then re-enlisted, in company G of the Eighth Illinois Cavalry, and served till the close of the war, and was dis- charged with his regiment, at St. Louis, in July, 1865. He returned to Pennsyl- vania in the spring of 1866, and was mar- ried there, one year later, to Susan C. Glenn, a native of Maryland. They then went to Whiteside county, Illinois, and rented land, on which they lived until 1873. In that year they removed to Mont- gomery county, Iowa, where they spent one year, and then came to Cass county. Mr. and Mrs. Brunner have one child — Omar F. ♦fS W ^^ 820 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. HISTORICAL ITEM. William Baughman built the first house in the township, in the winter of 1855-6, and moved into it the following spring. He was also the first settler in the town- ship. EDUCATIONAL. As is always the case in an intelligent community, much interest is manifested in the schools. The buildings are all in good condition and supplied with modern furniture, maps, etc. There are eight districts, besides the independent district of Griswold. District No. 1. — The first school house in this district was built in 1813, on the northeast corner of section 11. It still remains in good condition and continues to serve the district for educational j)ur- poses. Lavina Underwood was the first teacher in this district. District No. 2.— The first building erected in this district for the education of the youth of the several sections com- prising it, was built on the northeast corner of section 8. George Macomber was the first to wield the birch in this house. The building was sold, in 1881, to Caleb Marshall, who now uses it for a granary. A new school edifice was then put on the northeast corner of section 9, which is now used by the district. District No. 4. — This district comprises sections 17, 18, 19 and 20, and its first school building, which was erected in 1813, was then located on the southeast corner of the southwest quarter of section 17. Mattie Craig was the first teacher in this house. The building is still used for school purposes by the district, but has been removed to the southeast corner of section 18. School district No. 5. — This district is composed of sections 15, 16, 21 and 22. Its school building was erected in 1876, on the northeast corner of sectJon 21 . The first term of school was taught by Mrs. Catherine Young. District No. 6. — This district is made up of sections 13, 14, 23 and 24. In 1868, a school house, the first one in the district, was erected on the southeast corner of the northeast quarter of section 23, and the school was opened with Clara Warner as teacher. That house was in use until 1882, when it was sold to W. J. Martin, whom it now serves in the capacity of a granary. The present school edifice was built in 1882, on the southeast corner of section 14, and Emma Baughman taught its first term of school. The cost of the building was $520. District No. 7. — Sections 25, 26, 35 and 36 go to make up the sub-division of the township known as the seventh school district. Its first and present school house was built in 1873, on the north'west corner of section 36. Sarah Donohoe, of Milford, was first to teach a term of school in this house. School district No. 8. — This district is formed by the combination of the con- tiguous sections 27, 28, 33 and 34. Its school building stands on the southeast corner of section 28. It was erected in 1874, and the first teacher was Catherine Young, of Montgomery county. The building as first erected still serves the district as its .school building. Mary J. Lawrence at present presides over the ■^fl^ H* HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY, 821 destinies of the scholars attending, in an educational sense. District No. 9. — The first school house in this district, which comprises sections 29, 30, 31 and 32, was erected in 1868, and opened with Mary Collins as teacher. In 1876, it was found that the old building had outgrown its usefulness and was too small for comfort, and another and larger edifice was built. It is located on the northeast quarter of section 31. Oscar Phillips was the first teacher in the new building. EELIGIOUS. « Shortly after the school house in dis- trict No. 6 was completed, in 1868, relig- ious services were held in it, which were conducted by Rev. William Fuson, of the Baptist denomination. Ministers of other denominations also preached there. The Methodist Episcopal church is rep- resented in Pleasant township by a con- gregation numerically quite strong. It was organized in January, 1871, by Rev. W. H. W. Rees, and was the first relig- ious organization in the township. Rev. B. A. Fassett is the present pastor. (See Ecclesiastical chapter.) Rev. James Andrews organized a Pres- byterian congregation at the school house of District No. 6 on July 11, 1871. The meetings are now held in the First dis- trict school house, with Rev. Hunter as pastor. The Christian church society have a liandsome edifice on the southeast quarter of section 34, erected in 1883. Their first services were held in Montgomery county. Rev. E.J. Stanley is the present minister. (For full particulars, see Eccles- iastical chapter. Ministers of various denominations have at different times preached in the school bouse in District No. 8, but since the towns of Griswold and Elliott have been built, no regular meetings have been held. LOWMAN CBMETBRY. This cemetery is so called because the land which it comprises, was set apart for the purpose by J. A Lowman. It was laid out in 1870, on the southwest quar- ter of section 34. The first interment was that of Ida Guess, daughter of Eli A. and Sarah Guess, who was buried in Jan- uary, 1871. She was two years old when death called her away. OFFICEKS. The township oflBcers for 1884 are as follows: Clerk, Z. M. Wright; trustees, George Forsythe, J. H. Lowman and W. A. Hill; assessor, S. H. Lamborn; justice of the peace, J. M. Keel; for constable, J. P. Hill was elected, but as he did not qualify, G. S. Dirkey was appointed in his stead. TOWN OF GKISWOLD. The farm of John Rezner in Pleasant township was purchased for the town of Griswold, in November, 1879. At that time the laid was covered with a huge corn crop, which yielded over sixty bushels per acre. The title was taken in the name of C. E. Perkins, of Bnrlington, Iowa, as trustee, and F. H. Whitney, of Atlantic — the father and builder of more cities than any man in southwestern Iowa — was commissioned to convert the field of golden grain into what is to-day a great mart of trade. He authorized Henry Miller to clear away the stalks and erect the first house. This was in early De- cember of 1879. E. G. Peck, of Atlantic, *V^« B V J-s «- ^ s I ^iu 822 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. a young man of fine business capacity and commendable ability and pluck, who is now a resident of Davenport, Iowa, was then appointed post commander and took immediate charge of Mr. Whitney's ad- vance on the furroughed field. The sale of lots began at once and continued unin- terruptedly until almost every location on either side of Maine street, for nearly a half mile in length, had been taken, and a stroll about the place discloses many fine and impressive residences, surrounded by beautiful grounds, made charming by their shade trees and lawns. No city can look back upon the marvel of such rapid development and advancement, as has characterized this young town. Winter had set in before a house was built; not a spring-time, of summer or of autumn has smiled upon it, but instead, they have conspired together and spent their forces in opposition. The fact that cold and storm had no terrors, and that all other obstacles have yielded gracefully to the invincible spirit of those locating in a dreary, desolate cornfield in the dead of winter, is suflSoient evidence that the men who build cities are here. They were the first to see the railroad interests ma- terialize at this point, and that, as well as other advantages, were only waiting an opportunity to come to the surface. This foresight has already been abundantly re- warded. The name of the new town was given it in honor of J. N. A. Griswold, Esq., one of the directors of the C. B. and Q. railroad, and a prominent and suc- cessful merchant of New York. While there may be nothing really remarkable in the developments of the past, or any- thing striking in the present, still there is much which cannot fail to be of inter- est to those who have been closely con- nected and identified with the town in all the various changes which have occurred from year to year. To those who have watched the growth and progress from its earliest origin, until the present time, the accomplishment of comparatively a few short by-gone days would seem now like a great task, hut it is, in fact, the sure and legitimate results of an advanced state of civilization. Griswold is situated fifteen miles south- west of the county seat (Atlantic), in Pleasant township. It is the southern terminus of the A. and G. branch of the C. R. I. and P. and northern terminus of .the R. O. and G. branch of the C. B. and Q. railroads, connecting it with the lead- ing markets of the south and east. The town is surrounded by some of the finest and most productive agricultural and stock-raising lands in the State, which is a guarantee of a permanent and ever increasing trade. THE BEGINNING. Henry Miller commenced the erection of the first house in Griswold, November 20, IS'TQ, for Frank Whitney. It was run as a boarding house by Ed. Peck, who came here from Atlantic. The building was on the present site of .the First Na- tional bank. The next building was Pect and Whit- ney's hardware store, which was com- menced shortly after operations were ,. commenced on the boarding house. The first grocery store was put up by Kearns, who is still in Griswold, in Octo- ber, ISVg, by the side of Peck and Whit- ney's hardware store. -^ t * HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 833 In the winter of 3 879-80, Messrs. Whit- ney and Miller bought grain, having erected platform scales for weighing pur- poses. In six weeks they bought 60,000 bushels of corn. For three days in suc- cession they took in 5,000 bushels a day. Mr. Miller's son doing the weighing. It can be imagined that their office was a busy place about that time. Stafford and Hawks opened the first store of general merchandise, December 20, 1879, in the building now occupied by Corbett and Jackson. • The first banking business was estab- lished by F. H. Whitney, which was after- ward merged into the present National bank. The pioneer drug store was established by Dr. John Pipher. He was also the first postmaster and continues to hold that position. The jewelry business was first estab- lished by T. J. Luccock. The business is now carried on by .1. M. Tinsley. F. H. Whitney established the first hardware store, who afterward disposed of it to Milner Brothers. F. H. Whitney erected the first hotel. Previously, there was a small boarding house kept by Henry Letz, and was known as the Iowa H^ouse. The first elevator was erected by F. H. Whitney in 1880, at a cost of $14,000. He also purchased the first grain. The first boot and shoe store was estab- lished by A. W. Pearson, in May, 1881. Dr. J. L. Moore was the first practicing physician locating in Griswold in 1880. The blacksmith business was first estab- lished by William Glass. 61 The first livery stable was started by Sheets and Gifford. The pioneer lumber yard was that estab- lished by S. B. Milner and Company. BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT. Stafford and Hawks were the first to establish business at this point. Goods were brought by team to Griswold and December 20, 1879, they opened for busi- ness in the building now occupied by Cor- bett and Jackson. In the fall of 1-881, they erected their present building. The salesroom is 24x60, with an addition of .ten feet. They carry a general stock of dry goods, groceries, etc. Corbett and Jackson embarked i.n the general merchandise business in August, 1880. They have a salesroom 24x75, and carry a large stock of boots and shoes, groceries, etc., "and are commanding a large and increasing trade. Among the business interests of Gris- wold is the firm of Weirich Brothers and Bryant, dealers in dry goods, groceries, boots and shoes, etc. This business was established in December, 1883. The firm is composed of young men of business tact and ability and although established but about year, do a good business. They have a salesroom 24x70, and carry a stock of 812,000. Gordon and Son, dry goods, is a late addition to the business interests of Gris- wold. The firm began business the latter part of September, 1884. Their store room is 22x64 in dimensions and they handle a stock of about $8,000. ' The pioneer drug store was established by Dr. John Pipher, in January, 1880, who was also among the first business men of Griswold. He carries a full line r a w -Jl s> ±. 824 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. of drugs, wall paper, paints, oils and sta- tionary. T. E. Luccock is virtually the pioneer jeweler of Griswold, although a man by the name of Andrus operated a small business for a short time prior to Mr. Luc- cock. He established his business in 1880, and carries a large stock of jewelry, music and notions. Mr. Luccock thor- oughly understands his business, and handles all standard grades of watches, clocks, etc. T. E. Luccock was born in Ohio, in 1833. His father, Rev. John Luccock, D. D., of the Methodist Episcopal church, was born in Yorkshire,' England, in 1802, and his mother, Mary (Dresser) Luccock, in London, in 1801. When young people, they immigrated to Anierica, and soon after were married, being acquainted be- fore leaving England. They settled in Canada, where he worked at rope-making. Rev. John Luccock has preached for more than sixty years. He is now living in Cali- fornia. He has live,d with his present wife fifty-nine years. They are the parents of eight children, all of whom are living and all have families of their own. The Rev. Mr. Luccock is a man of extensive knowledge and much ability, and is truly a self-made man. The subject of this sketch, when eleven years old, went with his parents to Wisconsin, three years later, to Cherry Valley, Winnebago county, Illinois, where they remained also three years, then to Peoria, Illinois, and spent six years. He then went to Lexington, McLean county. In the two last named places he learned his trade. He was married in McLean county in 1860, to Rachel G. Fell, daughter of Thomas Fell, of that county. Mrs. Luc- cock died in 1875. She was^a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church and highly esteemed by all.- She left but one child, a daughter, Lillian I. Luccock, who lives with and keeps house for her father. In the fall of '18V5, Mr. Luccock came to Atlantic, Cass county, Iowa, and engaged in the jewelry and music business. He was again married, at Atlantic, December 23, IS'??, to Molly A. Fuller, who died December 24, 1882. She was a woman of more tlian ordinary ability, and was a teacher for seven con- secutive years in Atlantic. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Luccock came to Griswold in 1880, and is one of the leading citizens. He is a Republican in politics, but votes prohibition wherever practicable, and has been a total abstainer all his life. The only exclusive boot and shoe house was established by A. W. Pearson, in May, 1881. In the fall of 1883, he sold this stock to William R. Chittenden, the pres- ent owner. Mr. Chittenden has a full line of boots and shoes, hosiery, etc., and car- ries a stock of about $4,500, he being the only boot and shoe dealer "in Griswold. There is a repair shop in connection with the store, where he employs experienced help. The insurance business is represented by Herman A. Briggs, a young man who came to Griswold in May, 1880. Soon after his arrival he purchased a farm, and began teaching school, and afterward followed clerking. In the fall of 1883 he disposed of his farm property, and the fol- lowing spring engaged in his present busi- ness. During his short business career ^TH 7t^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 825 in Griswold he has established himself well, and represents s6me of the best in- surance companies in the world. He also does a general land and loan business in connection with his other affaiVs. The furniture business is carried on by Robert Groetsohel, who established the business in April, 1880, being among the first business men of Griswold. Besides keeping a full and complete stock of fur- niture, he doesageneral undertaking busi- ness and carries a stock of $1,500 or |2,000. William Corbit, the principal clothier of Griswold, embarked in this business in May, 1884. The sales room is 24x60 feet in size, and he carries a stock of clothing which will invoice about $7,000. Mr. Cor- bit is a gentleman of good business ability and is meeting with a very encouraging patronage. William Corbit was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, July 15, 1819. He is a son of John and Elizabeth Corbii, natives of Scotland, who came to Amerio . when young people. They were married in Chester county, Pennsylvania, whert they spent the remainder of their lives. They were the parents of two sons and two daughters. William Corbit was reared and educated in his native State. He was there apprenticed to learn the mercantile business. In 1835, he was married, in Chester county, to Elizabeth Dean. Mr. and Mrs. Corbit were the par- ents of six children, four of whom are now living. In 1870 Mr. Corbit came to Iowa, and located near Des Moines, where he engaged in farming. He still owns two hundred and forty acres of land, seven miles west of Des Moines. In 1880 he came to Griswold, where he has since re- sided. He is now engaged in mercantile business. Mr. and Mrs. Corbit are mem- bers of the Presbyterian church. The coal interest is represented by D. L. Brockway, who established the business in 1880, coming from Red Oak. The same year he built the Chicago, Burling- ton and Quincy stock yards, since which .time he has been engaged in buying and shipping stock, and has been the leading spirit in the stock market at Griswold. He is a young man of good business qualities, and has prospered. In the fall of 1884 he engaged in the livery business in the firm of Brockway and Hill. W. A. Hill is a native of Lake county, Indiana, born July 1, 1844. He is a son of William and Caroline Hill, of Ohio, who were the parents of six sons knd two daughters. They are still living in Lake county, Indiana. W. A. Hill was brought up on a farm, and received a common ■school education. In 1804 he enlisted in he one hundred day service, in the Ore llmidred and Thirty-eighth Indiana Vol' 'iiiteer Infantry. He afterwards enlisted in the One Hundred and Fifty-sixth Illi- nois Infantry, and served until the close of the war. In 1865 he came to Cass county, and located on section 31, Cass township, where he engaged in farming until the spring of 1882. At that date he came to Griswold, and embarked in the grocery business. In 1883 he sold out, and in March, 18.84, purchased the livery business of which he is now proprietor, in connection with O. L. Brockway. He also deals in coal, stock and ice. In the fall of 1868^ Mr. Hill was married to Mary A. Wright, of Noble county, Indi- ana. Mr. and Mrs. Hill have had four ■^ -'^ ^* 82C HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. children, only one of whom is now living — Ina M. Mr. Hill is a member of the I. O. O. P., and is now holding the office of N. G. He is one of the leading busi- ness men of the county. His father was born in Connecticut, and his mother in Ohio. Among the leading interests of Gris- wold is the hardware and implement bus- iness carried on by Samuel Chatterton,' which was established by him in 1884. He handles and makes a specialty of the Osbbrn grade of Charter Oak wagons, and deals in all kinds of farming implements, with a room 24x120 feet in which to dis- play them. The hardware department, including a tin-shop, is 25x75 feet in di- mensions, and is filled with a complete line of such goods as are usually found in a first-class store of this kind, which will invoice $10,000. He is one of the largest dealers in Griswold. BANK. This institution was established, in the spring of 1880, by F. H. Whitney and Theodore H. Brown, as the Bank of Gris- wold. The business was continued by this firm until September, 1883, when they dissolved partnership, and it was merged into the First National Bank of Griswold. with Theodore H. Brown as president, J. A. Brown, vice-president, and BVank L. Brown assistant cashier. The directors were: Theodore H.Brown, J. M. Kiehl, H. Wilcox, J. A. Brown, Alex. Campbell. The bank has a paid-up capital of $50,000, and authorized, $100,000. It contains a Diebold fire and burglar proof safe, with Sargent's time lock, on the interior of which are two burglar-proof safes of steel. The vault is fire-proof, with Diebold front and doors. They do an exchange business with all foreign co;intries. The present officers of the bank are: Theodore H. Brown, president; James F. Bassett, vice- president; . Frank L. Brown, assistant cashier; Theodore H. Brown, James F. Bassett, J. M. Kiebl, John S. Jackson, Hamilton Wilcox, directors. Among the stockholders are: William Larrabee, Frank Larrabee and W. R. Kinnaird. Theodore H. Brown, President of the First National Bank, of Griswold, was born in Rock county, near Janesvilie, Wisconsin, January 20, 1847. He is a son of J. A. Brown, a native of Pennsyl- vania. In 1850 his parents removed to Iowa, locating at Clayton City, where his father engaged in mercantile business. In 1874, they came to Cass county. Theo. H. Brown received a liberal education, attend- ing the Upper Iowa University at Fayette, Fayette county. In 1873 he was appoint- ed teller of the First National bank of McGregor and continued there seven years. In the fall of 1880 he came to Griswold and formed a partnership with Frank H. Whitney, in the banking busi- ness. In 1883 he organized the First National Bank of Griswold, of which he has since been president. Mr. Brown was married in 1877, to Rachel L. Maple, daughter of Jacob and Ann Maple. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have two children — Paul and Ruth. Mr. Brown is a Royal Arch Mason and a Knight Templar. The following I'esolutions of respect were tendered to Theo. H. Brown, of the National Bank of Griswold, by his former employers, the directors of the First Na- tional Bank of McGregor, at a meeting held November 16, 1880: — ^ ■ v4: a k. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 827 •k "Iiesolved;Tha,t a vote of thanks by this board of directors is hereby tendered to Theo. H. Brown for the ability and fideli- ty to the interests of the Bank, with which he has discharged the varied duties of clerk, teller, book-keeper and assistant cashier for the past seven years. Resolved, That the cashier be requested to furnish Theo. H. Brown a copy of these resolutions and to place the same upon the records of the board." Feank Lareabbe, President. W. R. KiNNAiKD, Clerk. POSTOFFICE. The postoffice at this place was estab- lished in the spring of 1880, with John Pipher as postmaster, who still continues to operate the ofBce. It was made a money order concern August 15, 188]. The first money ordei- was issued to S. S. Perry, in favor of Davidson & Co., New York, for the sum of two dollars. There has been 2,628 orders issuedj^up to Octo- ber, 1884. At present the oftice is a fourth-class one. FLOUEING MILL. This enterprise was established in Gris- wold in 1883, by Kerr and Torbert. It is a frame structure, 30x40 feet, in ground area, three and a half stories, erected at a cost of $10,000. The mill has a capacity of fifty barrels per day, and is equipped with a fifty horse-power steam engine. They have the Replogle patent and brand of flour. Messrs. Kerr and Torbert are young men of energy . and splendid business integrity, and have given to Griswold an industry that she may well feel proud of, and which will be of lasting benefit to the place. The mill is kept in good condition and the flour is used generally throughout the county. Mr. Kerr is a practical miller and assumes full control of the mill. John Kerr is of Scotch descent and was born in Gault, Canada, in 1853. His father was John Kerr, a native of Scot- land, who emigrated to Canada in an early day. The subject of this sketch was reared in his native county. In 1876 he came to Iowa and located at Afton, where he commenced learning the trade of miller with Grant and Guthrie, with whom he remained two years. He then went to Osceola, where he followed his trade, then to Woodbine in the same county. He came from the latter place to Griswold, in' April, 1883, where he formed the partnership of Kerr and Tor- bert, and built the Griswold mill. Since that time Mr. Kerr has been a resident of Griswold. He is a Sir Knight, a member of Constantino Lodge, No. 23, of Osceola. Mr. Kerr is a young man of ability and possesses the qualifications necessary to insure success in business. BLEVATOK. The elevator at Griswold was erected in the fall of 1880, by F. H. "Whitney, of Atlantic, at a cost of $13,000. It has a capacity of 25,000 bushels of grain and is now owned by E. \V. Stevens, of Red Oak. The business is superintended by Samuel B. It is one of the largest and best constructed elevators in this section of the country. Hiram Whipple, one of the early set- tlers of Cass county, was born in Windsor county, Vermont, January 28, 1814. He is a son of Oliver Whipple, who was mar- ried in Worcester county, Massachusetts, -» ' ^1 828 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 'U\ to Mary Fassum, by whom he had nine children, eight of whom lived to an adult age. Mrs. Whipple died in Verraont,and Mr. Whipple was t 830 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY, V. C; W. H. Van, Surgeon; George F. Dickey, Chaplain ; S. W. Garvin, Q. M.; L. C. Hatton, O. D.; Thomas W. Coe, Adj.; W. W. Albee, O. G.; Ezra Littler, S. M.; J. M. Kiehl,Q. M. S. The present mem- bership of the Post numbers about thirty, all in good standing and work- ing order. The following is a list of the present oflScers of the organization: W. A. Hill, C; James O'Brien, S. V. C; J. F. Smiley, J. V. C; Charleo Littler, Adj.; G. S. Dickey, surgeon; J. W. Twiney, chaplain; S. W. Garvin, Q. M.; Prof. Eartiiraan, O. D.; T. W. Walby, O. G.; - Cotterill, S. M.; Wil- liam Smith, Q. M. S. U'he lodge meets the first and third Wednesday of each month. An invitation is extended to all members in good standing to attend. Cass Lodge, No. 412, A. F. and A. M., was organized by dispensation on the 25th day of April, 1881, with the following charter membership: John Pipher, Theo- dore H. Brown, William Worford, H. M. Kriger, Hamilton Wilcox, Samuel Peter- son, J. H. Lowman, M. Rezner, S. W. Allen, D. Robinson and William Ponder. The first officers installed were as fol- lows: John Pipher, M.; Theodore H. Brown, S. W.; William Worford, J. W.; Henry Kriger, Treas.; S. W. Allen, See'y.; Hamilton Wilcox, S. D.; D. Rob- inson, J. D.; Samuel Peterson, Tyler. The present officers of the lodge are : Hamilton Wilcox, M.; F. Garberg, S. W.; D. A. Miller, J. W.; Theodore H. Brown, Treas.; Frank LeFeber, See'y; John Pipher, S. D. and P. M.; Robert Groetschel, J. D.; David Powell, Tyler. During the existence of this organization, one member has died — Samuel Allen — and one has been demitted — D. Robin- son. The lodge is composed of young men and for the length of time it has been organized is in good working condition and free from debt. Nishnabotna Lodge, No.40'J, L 0. O. F. was organized May 17, 1880, by H. T. Jones, D. D. G. M., with the follow- ing charter members — A. J. Bell, P. M. Corbit, Fred Mcintosh, W. S. For- ley, O. S. Yount, R. Groetschel and P. W. H. Mundorflf. The first officers elected were A. J. Bell, N. G.; P. M. Corbit, v. G.; P. W. H. MundorfE, Re- cording Secretary; F. A. Given, Perma- nent Secretary; Fred Mcintosh, Treas- urer. The presiding officers of this lodge since its organization were A. J. Bell, eight m^onths; P. M. Corbit, six months; F. A. Given, four months; D. H. Scott, fourteen months; R. Groetschel, six months. But one death has occurred in the membership of the lodge, that being Charles M. Moulton. The total member- ship of the lodge since its organization is eighty-three, while its present member-' ship numbers fifty-two. The success of the lodge has been universally good, and its present flourishing condition has never been excelled. r M fe. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 831 CHAPTER XXXIV ATLANTIC TOWNSHIP. The subdivision of Cass county that is known by the above appellation, is tech- nically spoken of as township 76 north of range 36 west of the fifth principal me- ridian. It is bounded on the north by Pymosa, on the east by Franklin, on the south by Bear Grove, and on the west by Washington, and is in the second tier from the north, and the the third from the east line of the county. The surface is generally a beautiful suc- cession of rolling hillocks and undulating prairie, dotted here and there with fine groves of natural and cultivated timber. It is principally watered by the Nishna- botna river, Turkey and Troublesome creeks, and their numerous affluents and tributaries. The "Botna," as it is called, a small part of which ouly is in this town- ship, enters in the northeast corner of section 6, crosses that and a part of 7, in devious winding, and makes its exit into Washington township near the half sec- tion line on the west of section 7. Near this place, just before it leaves Atlantic, it receives the waters of Buck creek, from the north. Turkey creek makes its en- trance on the northeast quarter of sec- tion 13, through which it passes, crosses sections 14, 22, 27, 28, 33, 32 and 31, pass- ing out of the township into Bear Grove on the southwest quarter of the last named section. Troublesome creek, and it is well named, enters the township from the north on the east half of section ],and making a loop, passes back into Pymosa on the west half. It comes into Atlantic again on the north line of the northeast quarter of section 3, and crosses that section, 4, and part of 5, and once more turns to the north, on its way to join the parent stream. Numerous small streams meander throughout the township like silver threads, and all these help to drain the land, and provide a liberal sup- ply of running water on nearly every section. The township is traversed by the main line of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pa- cific railroad, which crosses sections 12, 11, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The Atlantic South- ern, a branch of the above road, starts from the city of Atlantic and running south, crosses parts of sections 5, 6 and 7, leaving the township at the southwest corner of the latter. Atlantic township has an excellent sup- ply of timber. The main groves follow the course of the streams. Turkey Grove, one of the largest in the county, covers a greater part of sections. 13, 14, 23 and 24, and contains a large amount of several varieties of hard wood. A fine grove is also at the site of old Grove City, on sec- .^ 832 HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. tion 1 1, and another south and west of At- lantic, on sections 6, "7, 8, 17 and 18, and otliers are scattered all over the surface of the township. The soil is rich and fertile, consisting both of the black loam of the alluvial and the warm mulatto soil of the bluff deposits, both of which are noted for their quick productive qualities. Small grain does excellently well in this locality, but the great cereal is corn. Fruit trees flourish and do well, also, and produce abundantly, as do all the varie- ties of small fruit and vegetables. Atlantic township is fast settling up ■with a remarkably intelligent class of people, who are thorough agriculturists, as the high state of cultivation to which their land is already brought, betrays. The improvements are, as ageneral thing, fine, and the observer is surprised to find such handsome, commodious dwellings, such comfortable outbuilding, or so finely decorated places in a country whose years are so few. To the individual seeking a home in this great State, the county of Cass, and Atlantic township must present advantages above the common. EARLY SETTLEMENT. But it was not always' so; everything must have a beginning, and less than thirty-five years ago, where now the city of Atlantic stands ; where now are these fine farms, was a desert wilderness, and uninhabited. The honor of being the first white men to make a permanent settlement within the borders of what is now Atlantic township, belongs to R. D. McGeelioTi, Morris Hoblitt and George Shannon, who had come from Logan county, Illinois, crossing the State of Mis- souri, from Hannibal to St. Joseph by team, camping out on the way, and look- ing around for a proper location. They came into the county on the 12th of June, 1852. Looking around for some time, they selected their claims near Turkey Grove. As soon as Mr. McGeehon had located his claim, he set about the erection of a home on it, which was the first house in Atlan- tic township. It was built by R. D. Mc- Geehon with the assistance of Morris Hoblitt and George Shannon, on section 14. It was 18x24 feet, one and a half stories high, built of hewed logs. The floor was made of split puncheons. The timber to make the door was black walnut, bought at Glenwood, Mills county, about sixty miles southwest as the road then run. It had the first twelve-light window it it that was in the county. It was raised about the middle of August, 1852, and is standing yet and used for a stable. Adam Vinnage, John Brannen, George Reeves, Jesse Marshall and his two sons, Miles and James, helped raise it. Robert D. McGeehon, son of William and Margaret (Geary) McGeehon, was born in Lawrence county, Pennsylvania, December 23, 1827. His mother was born iu Ireland, but came to America when two years of age. His father was a native of Pennsylvania and died in Lawrence county, May 12, 1629, and his mother's, demise occurred September 23, 1844. His grandfather emigrated at an early day from Scotland, settling in Eastern Penn- sylvania, and served for five years in the Revolutionary war. When eighteen years of age he had attained the position of captain of Light Horse Cavalry and served as body guai'd to Washington at Valley Forge. He lost a part of the toes of one 7J. ^ ^ » ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 833 foot from freezing and died young in consequence of exposure and suffering in the service. Grandmother McGeehon lived to the advanced age of ninety-five years, dying in Washington county Penn- sylvania. Robert D. spent his early life on a farm, being brought up to hard labor and was the youngest of a family of four children. When eighteen years of age he left home and learned the blacksmith trade in Seneca county, Ohio, at which he worked about nine years. After travel- ing in ten different States, he stopped in Logan courity,Illinois for two years. From there he set out to find a place to locale for life, his intention being to go to Mis- souri. His route from Logan county, Illi- nois was throughMis80uri,cro8sing the Mis- sissippi river at Hannibal and from there across the State of Missouri to St. Joe, going to Indiantown, Cass county, and Ihence to Glenwood. From there he went to Turkey Grove and settled on section 14, Atlantic township, July 13, 1852, in company with George Shannon and Mor- ris Hoblitt, all single men. Mr. McGee- hon erected a log cabin and put up ten acres of hay, and in September, of that year, returned to Bloomington, Illinois, where he was married to Mary J. Hoblitt, on the 2t3th of September, a sister of Morris. They immediately returned to the new home he had selected in Iowa. They made their home with Mr. Vinnage, at Indiantown, until he had completed his house, where they spent a very hard win- ter comfortably together. At one time Mr. McGeehon owned a thousand acres of land. They lived on this farm until 1862, when they removed to Grove City and in 1869 moved to Atlantic. In August, 1872, he engaged in the mill and elevator busi- ness, which was afterward burned. They have one daughter — Nellie, the wife of Ira M. Needles. Mr. McGeehon is a dea- con of the Congregational church. He is now helping his son-in-law (Ira M. Needles) run the Spring Brook small fruit farm and nursery, located one mile east of public square. George Shannon and Morris Hoblitt lo- cated claims on sections 13 and 14, but did not build on them. Mr. Shannon afterwards went to Iranistan, at which place he was the first blacksmith. Morris Hoblitt traded his land with John R. Kirk for a tract near Wiota, which he afterwards sold to Mr. Finch. Morris Hoblitt was born in Logan county, Illinois, in the spring of 1832, and was the son of Timothy B. and Barbara (Bickel) Hoblitt. He received a common school education in Logan county, and then commenced the study of medicine. He attended medical lectures at Rush Medical college, Chicago, in 1861 and 1862 and graduated at that institution. When R. D. McGeehon and George Shannon came out to Cass county to lo- cate in 1852, Mr. Hoblitt came with them. He first located on section 14, but after- wards traded this land with John R. Kirk, for a farm in Franklin township. He went back to Illinois to study medi- cine, receiving his medical education as before stated. After graduation at Rush Medical college, he returned to Grove City, and commenced the practice of his profession. He soon came into prominence there through his skill, and gained the reputation of being one of the most successful practitioners in the ^I «- 834 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. "k. county. He was married in 1855 to Jose- phine Haughey, a native of Ohio. They had one child— Effie, who is now living in Hardin county. He died May 17, 1864, and his wife died a short time previously. Mr. Hoblitt was a brother-in-law of John E. Kirk and R. D. McGeehon, then and now prominent citizens of this township and county. Jesse Marshall took up a claim on sec- tion 22, about two and one-half miles from McGeehon's house, on section 97, in July, 1853, and settled on it. From some of the early settlers, who knew Marshall, the following account of him and his family is taken: He had a wife and ten children, the two oldest being youngmen. The family lived in their wagon until winter, by which time they had finished the shell of a log house, iiito which they moved. Mr. Marshall was the only one of the family who could either read or write, and that was about his only accom- plishment. He was a fair type of the backwoodsman, and when he had liis cabin completed, he remarked that it was only the seventy-fifth that he had built He had dwelt in the backwoods portions of Indiana, Illinois, Missouri and various portions of Iowa, and each of these local- ities he had left before the wolves and deer had ceased to make ' them their haunts. During the fall of 1853, he took his ox team and went to Rockport, Mis- souri, for provisions, of which the family had run short. He was gone about one month, and during his absence tlie family maintained life on pumpkins and slippery elm bark. It is said that if he could get a jug of sod-corn whiskey, a plug of dog- tail tobacco, a little corn meal, and a saddle of venison, he was supremely happy, and cared for nothing else while this lasted; and this was characteristic of the whole family. In January, 1854, he had been in Indiantown on a drunken debauch, and on his return, went to bed sick, and died in a few days. Some days after his death occurred, T. J. Byrd was riding past the place, and seeing one of the boys out not far from the house, asked him how the family were getting along. The young man answered: "Oh, all right except Dad, he's dead." Mr. Byrd went into the house, and found Mrs. Marshall sitting by the smouldering fire, her face buried in her hands. He asked her how they were prospering, to which she replied, "All right but the old man — he is dead." Mr. Byrd stepped to the corner of the room, and found the old man covered up with some blankets, stark and cold in death. On asking why the deceased had not been buried, Mr. Byrd was informed that Geo. Reeves had been sent to Iranis- tan for a coffin, but that, although he had been gone five days he had not yet Re- turned. Reeves, however, soon afterward returned, with a rilde coffin, into which the lifeless body of Jesse Marshall was placed, and a grave having been dug near the house, he was put away for his long sleep beneath the winter's snows. It ^should be said here, for the benefit of the generous-hearted settlers of the vicinity, who were noted for their hospitality, that they did not" know, nor had they any means of knowing, that Marshall was lying neglected in his house, for Reeves had gotten under the influence of liquor immediately after going to Iranistan, and hence had neglected to make known his r fc HISTORY OF CASS COTTNTT. 835 mission; nor did the family of the old man see fit to inform any one of what had occurred. And thus it happened that other settlers in ihie vicinity, who would have been only too glad to have done all in their power in caring for the dead, were left in total ignorance of the affair till after Mr. Byrd chanced to pass along. Marshall's death was the first in Atlantic township. His family lived here until the spring of 1860, when they went away, going to Missouri or Kansas, it is not known which. Jesse Marshall sold his claim in section 34, to Clayborn Marion, in 1853, and took up a claim and built a cabin on section 29, where he died in Jan- uary, 1854. During the latter part of May, 1853, G. W. W. Wakefield and Albert Wakefield settled on the south part of section 24, broke prairie, and built a house. Albert Wakefield was born in Somerset county, Maine, on the 1st of January, X828, his parents being John and Emma (Downing) Wakefield. He received his e'Hucation in Maine, and when eighteen years of age he commenced the occupa- tion of school teaching in his native State. He remained there until 1850, when he went to New Jersey, and there taught one term, three months, when be went to Cincinnati, and in the spring of 1851, he came to Davis countj^, Iowa, and was there engaged in teaching two years; or until 1853, when he came to Cass county, and has since made it liis home. On his arrival at his new home he found Judge Bradshaw, the first Judge of Cass county, keeping postofiice at Indiantown, and Lewis had just been lo- cated, while the county seat was placed there. Mr. Wakefield located on sections 13 and 24, in Atlantic township, where he owned six hundred acres of fine land, por- tions of which he sold to each of twenty- five different persons. In the summer of 1855 he built a saw mill on. Turkey Creek, and began its operation the springfoUow- itig, while his older brother became mill- wright. Before many months the brother sold his interest to A. G. McQueen, after- ward a Brigadier General in the civil war. Albert Wakefield sold his interest in the springof 1865, and in the summer of that year went to farming. He had gone to California in 1862, and taught school un- til the summer of 1865. He went to Mis- souri in the spring of 1866, and taught school near St. Joe, for one term, and then he took a trip through Kansas, with a view of locating, but not liking the coun- try, he came to Cass county, and purchased the lots of Grove City, where lie has since lived. He was married on the 1st of January, 1858, to Ella Northgraves, a native of Covington, Kentucky, who, when quite young moved to Ohio, where she was reared. In the spring of 1856, she taught the first school in Audubon county, at Hamlin's Grove, and in the fall of that year, taught the first school in Franklin township, Cass county, a half mile north- west of the present site of Wiota. She afterwards taught the first school of Tur- key Grove, Atlantic township, two terms in 1S66-7. Mr. and Mrs. Wakefield have three children — Emma, Carrie and Clara (twins). Emma was mariied January 1, 1884, to Fred Schain, and now lives four miles south of Atlantic. Mr. Wakefield owns eighty acres of land in Grove City. At the second election in the county, in ^. r A A^ ■♦• 836 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 1855, Mr. W. was elected County Clerk, and served one term. He was notary public about eight years, and has held the office of township treasurer for fourteen consecutive terms. He also held the office of county surveyor four years, be- ginning in 1866 or 1868, (one term by election and one by appointment). His farm is one of the finest in the county, and his orchard is the largest in this part of the country, containing about one thousand apple trees, one hundred cherry trees, and a large number of plum trees, also has a fine vineyard of over two hun- dred bearing vines. Among the more prominent and sub- stan-tial class of citizens _we do not fail to mention A. M. Wakefield, who is a native of Newport, Kentucky, and was born on the 24th of July, 1851. The family came to Cass county in 1853, and located in Atlantic township. He was reared and educated on a farm in Franklin town- ship, and remained at home until he had reached the age of twenty-three years, when he purchased a farm in Union town- ship, and broke the land and commenced the stock business. His business has in- creased, until it attained proportions, which placed him among the foremost stockmen in western Iowa. He ships stock to all parts of the country, and has shipped for the part year most of his stock to Chicago and Nebraska. Mr. Wakefield has three hundred and eighty acres of good cultivated land, most of which is in pasture. His farm has an orchard attached, and he has commenced the improvements of his place, and in the course of a few years his farm will be one of the best in the county. Mr. Wake- field was married in January, 1884, to Harriet Cook, a native of Ohio. Mr. W. is a member of the I. O. O. F., being In- side Guard of that lodge. The next settler in this township was John R. Kirk, who was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, July 19, 1830. His father, Timothy Kirk, died in July, 1863, in Indiana. His mother, Ann (Bailey) Kirk, died in the same State in April, 1841. John R. Kirk removed, with his parents, to Lorain county, Ohio, in 1835, and in the fall of the same year, to San- dusky county, near Port Clinton, where they engaged in farming until the fall of 1837. They then removed to Kosciusko county^ Indiana, where John R. received his education. In the spring of 1849, he (John R.) went to Logan county, Illi- nois, where he located on a farm, and February 2V, 1851, was married to Meli- cent Hoblitt, a daughter of Timothy B. and Barbara (Bickel) Hoblitt. She be- longs to a family which is, to this day, one of the most prominent in Logan county. Mr. and Mrs. Kirk removed to Cass county in the spring of 1854, locat- ing then, upon section 14, of Atlantic township, where they have since resided. They are pioneers of Cass county, an-l, in fact, of Western Iowa. At the time of their arrival, there were only fifteen or twenty houses in the county. The first school in Atlantic township was taught in his log cabin, by Mary Curry, of Ohio. They have five children living — Jennie A., George Scott, Albert M., Sel- don H. and Effie H. (adopted.) They have lost four children. Mr. Kirk owns five hundred and fifty acres of fine, well im- proved land, and is engaged in stock-rais- *^ « k> 4^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 837 ing. He has two orchards with five hun- dred bearing trees, also a fine vineyard. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Kirk was steward for twenty years, and for the last ten years has been a local preacher of that denom- ination. He was a class leader for several years, and was ordained a deacon by Bishop Andrews, at the annual conference of the Methodist Episcopal church at Red Oak, on Sunday, September 14, 1884. He was converted in Logan county, Illinois, in 1851, under the pastorate of Rev. Mason, of the Baptist church, and united with the Methodist Episcopal church in this county. He is the leader of the church in this section. He has been an active worker in the Sabbath School, either as class leader or superintendent, for twenty yeats. He has held local offices, but has no political ambition. In politics he is a strong Republican. He enlisted in July, 1861, in the Fourth Iowa Infantry, under command of Colonel (afterward General) Qodge, and served one year, when he was discliarged for disability, contracted while in the service. In the summer of 1853, Clayborn Marion bought a claim of Jesse Marshall on section 34, where he built a cabin and made some improvements. After living there something over a year, he sold his farm and removed to section 24, where he resided until the gold excitement took so many from the county, when he went with the rush to Colorado. He was much re- spected while here, and bore a good name. He and his wife both died in Colorado. At an early day, William, John and Joseph Scofield owned the land whereon the town of Atlantic now stands.and broke the ground, planted it with corn and raised a crop. They afterward removed from this county, and are now living near Wal- nut, Pottawattamie county. R. D. McGeehon and Morris Hoblitt broke ten acres of ground on the north- west quarter of section 8, now in the city of Atlantic, in 1853. Peter Kanawyer settled on section 1, Atlantic township, in the spring of 1854. He commenced improving his claim, but sold it in 1855, to Henry Michael, and settled about two miles east of the pres ent site of Wiota, where he resided till the spring of 1860, when he emigrated to California. He is now living in that State, at Grangeville, Tulare county. In 1856 Casper Scljon was added to the list of settlers. He located on section 21, and now lives not far from his first place of settlement. Casper SchBn is a native of Germany, born on the 14th of April, 1823, and is the son of George and Mary Schon. He came to America in 1852, and located in ■Highland county, Ohio, and there re- mained until 1854, when he came to Cass county, and located in Cass township. He was married in 1847, to Mary Bodd, also a native of Germany. They have been blessed with four children — Lizzie, now living in Atlantic township, and the wife of Casper Beekman; Fred, married to i;m- ma Wakefield; Mary, and a son who is now- living in California. When Mr. Schfin came to Cass county, the land was wild. His farm which was located in Atlantic township, was one of the best in the county, but in 1882, he sold it and re- moved to section 28. He raises cattle of the finest grade, Poland China hogs and •Fj« *1^ ^^ -^— ^l>, 838 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Cotswold sheep, and has some of the ^finest stock in the county.. He has two ^full-blooded Norman horses, and a num- ber of minor valuation. He has eighty acres of fine cultivated land, having deeded his son Fred one hundred and sixty acres of his original farm. An in- cident in Mr. Schon's life appears in the reminiscence chapter. G-eorge Conrad came to Cass county in 1854, and located near ^he site of Grove City. In 1860, he opened the first regular store in that embryoic city, on the very small capital of thirty-five dollars. His counter was a walnut slab, and the first sale was that of a paper of saleratus, for which he received the sum of fifteen cents. During the year, his stock slowly increased, and in later years, he added dry goods and notions to his grocery stock. He removed to Atlantic on the founding of that city, in 1868, where he entered into the dry goods business. In this he achieved a competency, and has now retired from the active pursuits of life, and lives in retirement, employing his time in looking after his large prop- erty. He is a native of Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, and was born September 16, 1829, near the village of Middletown, not far from Harrisburg. He is the son of George and Mary (Singer) Conrad,who were both natives of the "Keystone Sta/te," of Dutch descent. In early life, Mr. Conrad removed with his parents to Wooster county, Ohio, where he was reared. He, while there, engaged in nearly all kinds' of business, principally staging and running on the cars. He was married in Cass county, on the 20th of June, 1858, to Elizabeth Donner, a daugh- ter of one of the early settlers of Pymosa township, by whom he has two children. Robert M. Kirk located on section 18, in June, 1854. He was.a native of Lan- caster county, Pennsylvania, but came here from Indiana, He made a few im- provements and built a cabin, of the usual pattern in all new countries. He remained in this township about two years, when he removed out of the county, but is now a resident of Noble township. Henry Michaels came in the summer of 1855, and located on the northeast quarter of section l,on the Kanawyer farm. He built a house, which was afterward occu- pied by Clark Byrd. Mr. Michaels left the county, going to Nebraska, where he still resides. D. A. Barnett came in 1855, and en- tered land in various portions of the township. He lived in the township until his death, before which event, he was honored with high official positions by his fellow-citizens. Philip Berg came in 1855, and located on section 12, where he now resides. Jeremiah Balding came in the fall of 1855, and entered land on sections 2 and 10. He did not build there, but purchased a home in Grove City, where he lived. He died in the State. His widow, Mrs. Lucy Balding, is now living on section Id, this township. Jeremiah Balding was born in Con- necticut, in 1820, and was a son of Jere- miah and Martha Balding. He went to Illinois when quite young, and a part of his boyhood days were spent in Warren county, that State. He afterward went to Cayuga county. New York, and there, August 21, 1855, was married to Lucy ^ 1v ^ M A e «- HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ^ 9 839 Bell, daughter of Samuel and Mary Bell. They had two children — Finley, who is now married to Delia Conover and living two miles from his mother's home; and Emma. Mr. Balding died September 19, 1876, at the age of sixty-six years. Mr. and Mrs. Balding came to this county in 1855, when there was but one house between their place and Lewis. They were obliged to obtain their provisions in Council Bluffs. They returned to Illinois in 1857. From there they went to Cali- fornia, where they remained three years, returning by the Isthmus of Panama to Illinois. They lived in that State until they came back to Iowa, in 1872. Mrs. Balding owns one hundred and twenty acres of good land, all under cultivation, and is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal church. Her parents are now living in California, also two brothers and two sisters. Her father, Samuel Bell, was for several terms a member of the New York Legislature, representing Cayuga county. He is a native of New York State. Charles McGee came in the fall of 1855, and settled at Grove City. He came from Ohio, where he had been engaged in farming. He remained about two years, then went to Franklin town- ship and erected a cabin near the present site of Wiota. He also improved a farm. He afterward left the county, going to Kansas. Thomas Sprall, a young man from Ohio, took up a claim on section 28, in 1855, where Casper Beekman now lives» He afterward went West, since which no tidings have been heard from him in this vicinity. Lewis Beason's first settlement in Cass county was made in the spring- of 1856, on section 21. lie rented of J. R. Kirk one year and then entered land on section 21. He remained about two years and then removed to Grant township. At present he is a resident of Benton town- ship, and is noticed at length in the chap- ter of that sub-division. William McQueen, a brother of Alex- ander McQueen, came in the spring of 1857, from Ohio, and located near Grove City. He remained about two years and then returned to the East. While there, being a patriotic young man, he entered the service of the United States in the civil war, and served valiantly in the cause. William H. Strater located in Ailantio township, on section 12, in 1856. He was a native of Germany, born in Januarj^, 1833. He was the son of J. P. and Mar- > HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 851 grant the prayer of the petioners, because the remonstrance /jontained the greater number of names. The Grove City folks stuck to their text, however, and in 1858 they petitioned the county judge, Lorah, who ordered a vote on the question of removal. The vote occurred in October of that year, and Grove City was defeated. In 1868, when the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad was being built across the county, it was the general impression that Grove City would be a station, and a good one. Believing this, a number of business houses were opened in the place that year. Among the new comers, were J. W. Winslow, dealer in dry goods, G. W. Norton, P. Kirby, dealer in boots and shoes , P. Carney, liquor dealer ; Kauf- man and Co., clothiers ; Montgomery and Wynkoop, druggists; J. H. Barnwell, phy- . sician ; C. F. Loofbourow, attorney-at- law. All of these citizens removed to Atlantic when it was demonstrated that Grove City was not to be made a station on the Chicago, Kock Island and Pacific railroad. They, however, joined with the land owners, about the place, in making resistance to the establishment of a sta- tion where Atlantic is, and only suc- cumbed when all hope of a station at their town was gone. During the pro- gress of the work on the railroad, and before the road had passed the place, Grove City was a lively village. Grove City, at present, has no business houses, all her business men having re- moved to Atlantic as soon as the fate of their own town was known, in 1868. There are, however, at the town site, a Methodist church and a good school house. BUSINESS nSTEBKSTS. During the year 1856, A. T. Drake kept a small stock of goods in a building at this point. He soon afterwards disposed the stock and engaged the hotel business. Mr. Drake erected a hotel which was torn down in 1880, and now apple trees are growing where it stood. The first general store established at Grove City, was by George Conrad, now a resident of Atlantic, during the year 1860. The first stock of goods was purchased at Council Bluffs, and cost about $50. During the first year he carried an average stock of $200 or $300. He erected a walnut slab for a counter, and the first article sold was a paper of soda, for which he received fifteen cents. When Atlantic was started he removed thither, and for a number of years con- ducted a dry goods store on a large scale, being very successful. R. D. McGeehon engaged in business in 1862. He conducted the same success- fully until the establishment of Atlantic, when he removed the stock to the new railroad point and opened the second general store in Atlantic. James Jarvis established the first black- smith shop at Grove City. POBTOFFICE. A postoffice was established at Grove City in 1857. As there was already an office by the name of Grove City, in Iowa, it was christened Turkey Grove postoffice. Mrs. D. A. Barnett was the first postmis- tress. She was succeeded by William Curry, who afterwards removed to Des- *^. 852. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Moines. During the years of the rebel- lion R. D. McGeehon had charge of the oflBce. When the office was discontinued 18V0, Mrs. Albert Wakefield was postmis- tress. HOTEL. During the year 1856, John R. Kirk erected the principal hotel at Grove City and it was conducted by him about a year, when he was succeeded by A. T. Drake, who was succeeded by D. A. Barnett. After Mr. Barnett came a man by the name of Leech, who was followed by A. C. Thorp, now conducting the Whitney Hotel, at Wiota. Mr. Thorp disposed of the building to James Tunsbleson, who moved the same to Atlantic in 1869. The building is now known as the City Hotel, which is now conducted by Eli Spry. PHYSICrANS. The first physician to locate at Grove City was Dr. D. Pindley, now a successful practitioner of Atlantic. He located at "this place in 1861, remaining but a short time, when he removed to the town of liewis. He remained here ur^til 1873, wlien he changed his location to Atlantic, where he has since remained. The second physician was Dr. Morris Hoblitt, who has since died. Dr. G. S. Montgomery was the next to settle at Grove City, locating in 1863. He remained here until Atlantic was established when he followed the tide and removed thither, engaging in the drug business. At present he is the senior member of the drug firm of Montgomery and Jones. EDUCATIONAL. Rev. William Douthat, an aged Pres- byterian preacher, started a select school at Grove City, sometime in the year 1859. It was his intention to try to build up a college at that point. He sold scholar- ships in the usual way, and many promi- nent citizens of the county, Samuel L. Lorah, D. A. Barnett, John R. Kirk, R. D.' McGeehon, and K. W. Macomber, among the number, purchased scholar- ships, and aided the venerable educator as far as fctheyl^could. Mr. Douthat was a man of finished education, a good teacher but was somewhat eccentric in manner. He conducted his school, or embryo col- lege, two years and a half, when he be- came discouraged and abandoned the project, and returned to Pennsylvania, where he has, from that time to the pre- sent, preached the strictest Presbyterian doctrine, unmixed with the popular mild- ness in touching up erring sinners, which has prevailed to some extent. While Mr. Douthat conducted the school at Grove City, he very often -preached in that place and in other parts of the county, but he talked to the uni'egenerate, in language, too plain to be popular. The room in which he conducted his school was a small log cabin that stood on D. A. Barnett's farm.' James S. Barnett, and Henry K. Macomber, mere lads then, were among the old.professor's pupils. Miss Mary Curry (now Mrs. Seaman) taught the first school in Grove City set- tlement in ]85'7. She taught in a little house on John R. Kirk's farm, and that little house still has an existence. ATLANTIC. The city of this name, the most impor- tant town on the line of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad, be- -»isr HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 853 •li tween Des Moines and Council Bluffs, was laid out in October, 1868. Tlie site, at that time, was the property of Frank- lin H. Whitney, B. F. Allen, John P. Cook and others, and the plat of the same was filed for record, in the office of the county recorder, in the latter part of the same year. The first addition to the new town was made by F. II. Whitney, B. F. Allen, Job Walker, and was by them filed for record May 4, 1869. Dickerson and Keyes made another addition in Maj', 181], and Job Walker and F. H. Whitney another in March, 1875. Several others have been added to the rapidly growing city. The town is beautifully situated on the sides and tops of several knolls, and sur- rounded by timber. Since the inception of the town, it has rapidly risen in popu- lation and commercial importance, until it is not too much to claim for it the title of being one of the most important and prosperous cities in the southwestern part of the State. In 18'70, the city had a population of one thousand two hundred souls; in ISVS, this had risen to one thou- sand eight hundred and thirty-two, and in 1880, to three thousand six hundred and sixty-two, and is now not far from five thousand. THE BEGINNING. On September 9, 1868; Henry Miller commenced the erection of the first house in Atlantic, for a home for himself and family. Its location was the present site, of the Park Hotel. He had four men at work on it, and they got it completed with such celerity tliat they were able to move into it on September loth, just six days after its erection was commenced. Its dimensions were sixteen by twenty- four feet, and it was two stories in height. When the erection of the Park Hotel was commenced, this house was removed to the southwest part of town, and it is now owned and occupied by Romeo Lawrence. Mr. Miller's house was the only place where a meal could be obtained for a time. As soon as he finished his own house, he commenced the construction of the Atlantic House (now the Reynolds House), for the Town company. Mr. Miller employed some twenty hands on its construction, and tliey boarded at his house until it was finished. The first work on the Atlantic House was done on the 20th of September, and it was ready for the plasterers on October 16th. 'J'he hotel was opened about the first of November, with some two hundred boarders. The grading of the railroad had then been about finished, but the Botna bridge had not been built, and the track-laying force was still faraway. When Mr. Miller was building his home, the large body of location-seekers who were quickly coming into the vicinity, would gather round the scene of opera- tions, and ply him with questions as to where the town was going to be located. So he informed Mr. Whitney of tlie facts, telling him that it was almost impossible to accomplish anything amid so much bother. The latter told him he would at once stake out the town, and ordered two furrows, one hundred feet apart, ploughed from Mr. Miller's house to the railroad grading. Lots were .at once in great demand, and then the boom commenced. '\i\ 854 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. which has resulted in giving to Iowa the present beautiful city of Atlantic. B. F. Allen, the DesMoines banker and one of the town owners, and a member of the railroad company, wanted the new town called Atlantic, but Mr. Johnson, the civil engineer who made the plat of the town' at DesMoines, placed on it the name "Avoca," and said he wanted it called so. The plat accordingly came down that way. A man named Eggle- ston, a painter by trade, had just come in from Grove City with a stock of goods, and painted a sign for himself and one for each of two other merchants, all of which bore the word "Avoca." His own was the first one he completed, and he hung it up over the sidewalk; it read, "The Avoca Store." But before the others were put up, Mr. Whitney had gone down to DesMoines, and on return- ing, announced that he had succeeded iii having the name changed back to At- lantic. As a consequence, the two other signs were never put up, at least, as they were at first painted. It will undoubtedly be a surprise to most of Atlantic's people at the present day, to learn that but four- teen years ago, their town was for several days named Avoca. But it is a fact, nevertheless. Eggieston's store was the first in At- lantic. He came from Grove City. He tore down his store there one Saturday in the first half of October, 1868, and re- moved it to the new town; on Sunday he put it together again, on what is now Chestnut street, the next lot south of where Whitney's elegant business block stands. It was fourteen by sixteen feet in size, built of pine lumber, and con- tained a fair stock of groceries and pro- visions. The building was burned in the fire which destroyed that row of buildings. The next store after Eggieston's, was the drug store of McFadden and France; their store was located on the northwest corner of Fifth and Chestnut streets; the next store was that of Southwick, who kept dry goods and groceries, on the southwest corner of Fourth and Chestnut; the next store was a drug store, kept by Montgomery and Wyncoop, across the street east from McFadden's; a black- smith shop was put in by Tharp, where the implement store now stands, across the street from Martin's hardware store, about .the same time Eggieston's store was started. The first boot and shoe store was put up by a man named P. Kirby, at the side of McFadden and France's store. The first jewelry store was erected by the side of Kirby's store, and was kept by Jacob Schneider, from Mansfield, Ohio. All these men had families except Mc- Fadden and France. France did not remain long; his health was bad, and he went back to Des Moines, where he underwent medical treatment, and was compelled, on account of his sick- ness, to take a great deal of medicine. Mistaking some bed-bug poison for one of his medicines one night, he took a dose of it, and died from its effects. John Bennett and Son, who came from Ohio, were the first to run the Atlantic House; they continued the business until December 21, 1809, when J. R. Reynolds purchased the building and business. Parker had commenced and finished a boarding house while the Atlantic House ;^ tk HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 855 was building, and commenced taking in travelers and regular boarders. This building is now Haven's store. MUNICIPAL. The town of Atlantic was incorporated early in January, 1870. The first council met January 22, 1810, and was composed as follows: D. F. Hawks, major; A. S. Churchill, recorder; trustees, S. F Mar- tin, VV. W. Parker, John R. Reynolds, S. W. W. Straight, and Joseph C. Yet- ze'r. This council chose Isaac Dicker- son, treasurer; I. N. Whiltam, corpora- tion counsel; P. Carney, marshal. In February of the same year, S. S. Ford was elected marshal, to fill a vacancy occa- sioned by Mr. Carney's resignation. An- other town election was held March ], 1870, when the officers above named were chosen again, with the exception that S. W. W. Straight was chosen recorder, in- stead of Mr. Churchill, and V. O'Bryan was chosen trustee instead of Mr. Straight. Mr. Whittam was re-chosen attorney. At the January meeting, 1871, Harvey Yea- man was elected assessor. The council of 1870 gave way to the new council of 1871, March 7th of that year, but before break- ing up passed a resolution of thanks to Mayor Hawks and Recorder Straight. March 1, 1871, the same officers were re- elected throughout. The council selected H. T. Sharp, as town attorney; William Waddell, city engineer; S. S. Ford, mar- shal; H. C. Johnson, city printer; Samuel Harlan, assessor. In Mai'ch, 1872, the following officers were chosen: Charles Kelly, mayor; R. G. Phelps, recorder; trustees, A. D. Boyd, G. W. Barber, C. B Osborn, S. M. Childs and P. D. Tobie. This council elected A. 63 I G. Conley, marshal; Lafe Young, printer; C. F. Loofbourow, attorney. Mr. Conley served as marshal but a short time, and when he resigned, James Pugh was se- lected. I. N. Hammond was elected assessor. W. Warwick was chosen treas- urer. At the March election, 1873, the follow- ing officers were chosen: James W. Brown, mayor; C. B. 0^born, recorder; S. M. Childs, S. J. Applegate, Byron Lamson, J. A. McWaid and R. G. Phelps, trustees. The council selected the fol- lowing officers: H. E. Griswold, attor- ney; H. C. Johnson, printer; James Pugh, marshal. The two cisterns in the middle of Chestnut street were ordered built by this council. In March, 1874, the following officers came into possession of the town govern- ment: G. \V. Norton, mayor; I. N. Ham- mond, recorder; H. E. Bacon, D. Findley, J. A. McWaid, L. C. Sanborn, J. B. McGrew, trustees. The council selected the following officers: Julian Phelps, attorney; James Pugh, marshal; A. H. Copeland, assessor; W. Warwick, treas- urer. The council of that year sent a petition to the Iowa Legislature, asking that the incorporation of the town be legalized, and in accordance with that petition a legalizing act was passed by the Fifteenth General Assembly. The Cap Sheaf was was selected as the official paper, the bid offered by the proprietor of that paper being lower than all others. In March, 1875, the following officers were selected, by the sovereign voters of the town: Isaac Dickerson, mayor; J. M. Emmert, recorder; I. L. Dudley, treas- -ft ik 856 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. urer; William Waddell, C. F. Loof- bourow, S. E. Huse, H. F. White and John Moeller, trustees. This council selected J. C. Gleason, marshal, and John W. Scott, attorney. In March, 1876, the following officers were chosen: Isaac Dickerson, mayor; J. M. Emmert, recorder; I. L. Dudley, treasurer; C. F. Loofbourow, S. E. Huse, William Waddell, John Moeller, A. D. Hill, trustees. J. C. Gleason was re- chosen marshal, and John W. Scott was re-chosen attorney. J. C. Gleason re- signed the marshalship, and H. A. Smith was chosen. At the March election, 18'7'7, the fol- lowing officers were chosen: H. T. Sharp, mayor; D. H. Stafford, recorder; W. B. Temple, treasurer; R. F. Bain, assessor; William Waddell, Charles Stier, A. D. Boyd, Frank Cox and Johii R. Rey- nolds, trustees. In March, I8l8, officers were again chosen for the government of the city. They were the following mentioned: Isaac Dickerson, mayor; W. B. Stafford, recorder; J. B. Rockafellow, solicitor; H. A. Smith, marshal and street commis- sioner; W. B. Temple, treasurer; John Bennett, assessor; W. W. Parker, R. M. Pearson, Thomas Archer, E. H. Buell, L. L. DeLano, N. Richards, J. B. McGrew, R. C. Love, trustees. The officers chosen at the annual elec- tion, in IS'zg, were the following: J. R. Morris, mayor; W. B. Stafford, recorder; W. B. Temple, treasurer; L. Anderson, assessor; 11. A. Smith, marshal and street commissioner; Samuel Harlan, surveyor; R. M. Pearson, E. H. Buell, J. P. Ger- berich, L. L. Alexander, Thomas Archer, W. W. Parker, J. B. McGrew, L. L, De Lano, trustees. In 1880, the officers were: J. R. Mor- ris, mayor; W. B. Stafford, recorder; L. C. Chapman, solicitor; W. B. Temple, treasurer; L. Anderson, assessor; I. L. Dudley, surveyor; John Tharnish, mar- shal ; W. W. Parker, Thomas Archer, D. Bridenstine, G. S. Wedgewood, R. C. Love, E. H. Buell and John P. Gerberich, trustees. In March, 1881, the following were elected and appointed to fill the various city offices: R. G. Phelps, mayor; W. B. Stafford, recorder; W. B. Temple, treas- urer; L. Anderson, assessor; T. J. Town- send, surveyor; John Tharnish, marshal; Jesse Hansen, Henry Braasch, Theodore G. Steinke, R. C. Love, W. W. Parker, Thomas Archer, D. Bridenstine and G. S. Wedgewood, trustees. The officers for the year of 1882 were: R. G. Phelps, mayor; W. B. Stafford, recorder, W. B. Temple, treasurer; L. Anderson, assessor; John W. Scott, solic- itor; John Tharnish, marshal; T. J. Townsend, surveyor; W. W. Parker, J. Nichols, T. R. Wallace, Isaac Dickerson, Jesse Hansen, Henry Braasch and R. C. Love, trustees. In 1883, the following were the city officers: James Pugh, mayor; W. A. Wilken, recorder; W. B. Temple, treas- urer; Robert Bain, assessor; John H. Scott, solicitor; John Tharnish, marshal; A. D. Boyd, Henry Braasch, Edward Hammond, W. H. Kerrick, W. W. Par- ker, J. Nichols, Isaac DickersoJi, members of the council. The present officers of the city of At- lantic are as follows: John H. Scott, ^ fe^ HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. 8o1 mayor; W. A. Wilken, recorder; James W. Brown, solicitor; Charles A. Tubbs, treasurer; L. Anderson, assessor; John Tharnish, marshal; and Paul White, J. A. McWaid, Henry Braasch, R. D. Wilkin, T. R. Wallace, E. Hammond, J. H. Wood and W. H. Kerrick, councilmeTi. John H. Scott came to Atlantic in ISII from Anita. He was born in Watertown, New York, November 3, 1852, his early life being spent upon a farm in Jefferson county, near Watertown, owned by his father, Sherman W. Scott, now a resident of Dakota. His mother's maiden name was Sarah A. Porter, who was a native of New York. The subject of this sketch came West when about twenty years of age, but was educated at Hungerford's institute, situated in Jefferson cou'ity, New York. He settled at Anita, in tliis State and county, where he was engaged for three years in a lumber office as book- keeper and salesman, after which he came to Atlantic, and entered the private office of Phelps and DeLano, where he studied law about one year and a half, when he was admitted to the bar, in February, 1819, under Judge C. F. Loofbourow. He remained with Phelps and DeLano a year and a half, when he was appointed city jus- tice, to fill a vacancy, and has twice been re- elected to that office. In March, 1884, he was elected mayor of the city of Atlan- tic. He was married,' June 30, 1883, to EdnaYoung, daughter of William Young. He is a member of the Knights of Pythi- as, Masonic Chapter, and Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In politics he is Republican. Mr. Scott is a promising and self-made young man, who has had bat few advantages, but through his char- acteristic pluck and energy, he has attained a place in the foremost ranks of Cass county citizenship. BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT. Among the prominent dry goods houses of Atlantic, there are none that deserve mention more than that of Levi Downs. In April, 1881, Mr. Downs purchased this business of S. M. Childs, and engaged in the trade which he still continues. In March, 1884, he removed to his present commodious quarters, formerly occupied by I. L. Cady. The salesroom is 24x85 feet in floor area, and is well filled with every description of dry goods, notions and gents' furnishing goods, the stock being complete in every particular. Mr. Downs carries, at nearly all times, about tl5,000 to $20,000 in stock, and has a large share of those patrons who look for bar- gains. Levi Downs is a native of Sullivan county, New York, and was born on the 24th day of October, 1840, his parents being Sigmuiid and Mary Sophia (Howell) Downs. Mr. Downs, Sr., is still living, at the advanced age of seventy-six years, and carries on farming and dairying, which he has followed for many years. His wife died in the fall of 1880. He is a staunch Democrat in politics. Levi was reared on a farm, and received a com- mon school education, but finished at the Monticello academy, after which he taught school for several winters. In 1857 he left home, and went to Knox county, Illinois, locating in Galesburg, where he embarked in the grocery busi- ness. In December, 1863, he wasmarried to Laura Bassett, a school-mate, who is the daughter of Samuel Bassett, of SuUi- "^ ^f^ ^* — ^ 858 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. van county, New York. Mr. and Mrs. Downs are the parents of four children — Pluma, Arthur L., Katie V. and Birdie. Mr. Downs was engaged in a grocery store in Attorna for a few years. He then returned to Galesburg, Illinois, where he formed a partnership with a gentleman named Olmsted, the firm name being Olm- sted and Downs. His health failed him, and he went to Kansas, where he handled cattle for one and a half years. He then returned again to Galesburg, and was in the employ of O. T. Johnson for three years, at the expiration of which time he embarked with A. P. Johnson in the dry goods and banking business at Attorna. This partnership existed for three years, Mr. Downs selling his interest to Mr. Johnson. In 1872 he came to Cass county, and purchased 320 acres of land in Frank- lin township, and engaged in farming and stock-raising. He has the distinction of having brought the first full-blood Short- horn into the township. In 1880 he traded his farm to S. M. Childs for a dry goods store in Atlantic, in which business he is still engaged, having one of the leading dry goods houses in the city. He owns 360 acres of land in"' Audubon county, under cultivation, and which is valued at $10,000. Slaughter Brothers, the successors to G. E. Slaughter, was established by the latter in the fall of 1882, in the Keyes block. They were formerly in business in Evansville, Indiana, but removed to Ottumwa, Iowa, in 1881. In April, 1883, G. E. Slaughter removed to the McWaid block, where the firm is now located, and on the 1st of January, 1884, H. J. Slaugh- ter, was admitted to a partnership. R. H. Bailey, one cf the prominent gro- cers of the city, embarked in this business in the fall of 1880, on Chesnut street, two doors south of the Whitney block. After the fire he removed to No. 408, on the same street. His present salesroom is 24x80 feet in size, in which he carries a large stock of from eight to ten thousand dollars worth of groceries, etc. R. H. Bailey, one of the most promi- nent merchants of Atlantic, is a native of Monticello, Illinois, and was born on the 31st day of March, 1849, his parents being John and Mary (Hubbard) Bailey, natives of Ohio, and who were among the pioneer settlers of Piatt county, Illinois. They are at present living in Marshalltown, Marshall county, Iowa, and are the par- ents of twelve children. They have been members of the Methodist Episcopal church for years, and have occupied all the positions in that church. Mr. Bailey, Sr., is and always has been a staunch Dem- ocrat. R. H. Bailey was reared in his native State, and received his education in the higher schools of his county. In 1871, he went to Marshall county', Iowa, settling in Marshalltown, where he em- barked in the mercantile business under the firm name of W. T. Bailey and Com- pany,f olio wing the same for four years. He then came to Atlantic and engaged in his present business. In 1874, he was mar- ried to Matilda Burson, a native of Ohio, by whom three sons were born — Cecil, Ralph and Earl. Mrs. Bailey is a mem- ber of the Congregational church, while Mr. Bailey is a member of the Masonic Lodge, Chapter and the Commandery. In politics he is a strong supporter of the Democratic party. ¥ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 859 The drug store of Dr. J. Nichols, was originated by that gentleman on his com- to Atlantic in 18^0, and is continued by him at present. In the fall of 1876, Dr. R. D. Wilkins, a practicing physician, embarked in the drug busi'iess, and is now among the fore, most dealers in that line. He carries a large, clean stock of goods, and full lines of high art china and other fancy articles of vertu, and ornament. The Doctor, who brings to bis business a proper knowledge of drugs and medicines is doing a large trade and has the patronage of a large number of the city's best trade. His sketch appears at length in the Medical chapter of this book. Dr. 6. S. Montgomery, who is noticed at full length in the Medical chapter, of Jhis book, is also engaged in the sale of drugs, and medicines, which business he established in 1879. Doctor P. Reber, a German practicing physician, is also engaged in the drug bu- siness, in which be embarked in 1883. For a sketch of this learned gentleman the reader is referred to the Medical chap- ter of this volume. Smith and Bonesteel, are also engaged in the sale of drugs, medicines, etc., on the corner of Fifth and Chestnut streets. They established this business in 1883. C. A. Melcher, druggist, is located on Walnut between Third and Fourth streets' where he established business in 1881. He keeps a general stock of drugs and fancy articles. He came to Cass county, in 1871, and located in 1880, at Griswold, where he was in business one year. He is a son of F. A. Melcher, one of the early business men of Atlantic. F. A. Melcher was born at Oldenburg, Germany, in November, 1838. In his youth he learned the grocery business and in 1869, came to the United States, leaving his family be- hind, in Germany. He located in New York City and remained there two years. In 1871 his family followed him to Amer- ica, and landed at the city of Baltimore where he met them and came with them directly to Atlantic. Here Mr. Melcher engaged in the grocery business, which he continued till 1878. He was at first located on the corner of Fourth and Chest- nut streets, and later, on the corner of Fourth and Walnut streets, which was the first grocery business opened upon Wal- nut street. He was one of the most prominent business men upon that street and was instrumental in establishing other branches of business in that vicinity. In 1882 he opened a grocery store in Wiota, where he carried a large and complete stock. He was succeeded in business, in Atlantic, by Steere and Moehler, and in Wiota, by J. M. Foster. F. A. Melcher died at Atlantic, November 6, 1883, leav- ing a widow and two children — C. A. and a daughter, J. C. D., both of whom were born in Germany. C. A. Melcher was born in 1861, and came here, as before stated, in 1871. He leai-ned the drug business with Dr. Wilkins, beginning in 1875, and continuing till 1880. lie was associated with Dr. Wilkins, at Griswold, one year. He was married to Nellie F. Montague, a native of Wisconsin, and they have one son — F. T. The widow of F. A. Melcher was born at Oldenburg, Germany, in 1833. Her maiden name was J. C. D. Goeken. She now lives in ^V" ^, _s> >. 860 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Atlantic, and is a sister of Gerhard Goeken, of Brighton township. W. B. Jordan is the immediate successor of C. C. Conrad, who came to Atlantic in 1873, from Linn county, and bought out Patrick Kirby's boot*fand shoe establish- ment, which had been instituted by that gentleman in the early days of the town's history. W. B. Jordan, proprietor of the leading boot and shoe house in the city of Atlan- tic, engaged here in that business, Octo- ber 4, 1883, succeeding C. C. Conrad, who followed Patrick Kirby, who established the business early in the history of At- lantic. He carries a large and complete stock, amounting at present, October 1884, to over sixteen thousand dollars. His sales for the • year ending September 30, 1884, were about twenty thousand dollars. He is located at 416 Chestnut street, in the I. O. O. F. block. Mr. Jordan was born near Sandusky, Seneca county, Ohio, in 1850. In 1866, he went to Rock Island, Illinois, where his parents still re- side. He came to Atlantic in 1870, and en- gaged in farming and stock raising. In 1 880 he went to Nebraska and opened a ranch in Wayne county, where he still owns four hundred and eighty acres of improved land. He was there engaged in sheep raising and wool growing. Having pro- perty here, he returned and exchanged his farm here, for his present store. Mr. Jordan was married here to Mary R. Morris, daughter of Dr. J. R. Morris. They have five children— Ella T., Ethel, Brice Morris, Jessie E. and William Bartlett. Alfred Green, dealer in boots and shoes, established his business, buying out one of the oldest stores in that line in the city, and has continued in the trade ever since. He does a general retail business, as well as manufacturing and repairing. F. H. Burr and Company, are dealers in boots and shoes. Block and Heyman, who are wholesale and retail dealers in ready made clothing, gent's furnishing goods, etc., are the suc- cessors of the firm of M. Bloom and Com- pany, established on the Ist of October, 1877. In June, 1880, purchased the busi- ness and have been running it ever since. The firm is composed of A. Block and H. Heyman. Their sales room is 80x25 feet in ground area, and their stock is complete in all its branches. They carry a stock of about $25,000. This branch of business is also represented by Theo. H. Steinke and Charles Block. Theo. H. Steinke owns one of the' finest clothing stores in western Iowa, and carries the largest stock in the coun- ty. He does an immense business in ready made clothing, gent's furnishing goods, hats and caps, etc., and has the most complete merchant tailoring depart- ment in the west. Mr. Steinke is one of the prominent and influential citizens of Atlantic, and is always foremost in all matters of public interest. Eyller and Braasch, came to this city in November, -1874, and instituted their pres- ent hardware business. Their salesroom is 70x24 feet in floor area, and they carry a complete assortment of shelf hardware, cutlery, stoves, etc., and their stock is large and well chosen and will invoice about 18,000. In 1876, Jacobson and Son opened an establishment for the sale of paints, oils. ^' •k HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 861 wall papers and lamp goods. In 1880, they put in a stock of hardware, and are now among the prominent merchants in that line. Their sales room is 74x24, and they carry a stock of about $6,000. C. B. Oshorn, the prominent furniture dealer of Atlantic, established his busi- ness, £rst at the town of Lewis, in Feb- ruary, 1866, but removed to Atlantic in the fall of 1868, being among the pioneer business men of the latter city. His salesroom, one of the pleasantest in the place, is one hundred feet long by twenty- four wide, with a work room 40x24, besides. In the second story, he has another room 24x50. Mr. Osborn carries a large stock of both fine and common furniture that will invoice upwards of $8,000. He also carries an undertaking department, having almost a monopoly of this important branch of this business, although he takes no advantage of the want of competition. He owns a hand- some hearse, and attends to all details of a funeral nature, personally. C. B. Os- born is a native of New Haven county, Connecticut, where he was born in 1840. His parents were Amos and Polly (Bris- tol) Osborn, both of them natives of the State of Connecticut. He was reared to manhood there, and received a liberal education. In 1860 he went to Illinois, and enlisted in the 134th Volunteer In- fantry, in the hundred day service. He was stationed in Kentucky and Missouri, and while in the latter State, participated in the defense made against Price's raid. After leaving the service, Mr. Osborn went to Chicago to reside, and remained there until 1866, when he came to Lewis, in this county. On arriving there, he embarked in the furniture business. When the building up of Atlantic com- menced, he removed to this city, and has since been prominently identified with its business interests. He was united in marriage at Chicago, in 1872, to Belle Tiffany, a native of Waukegan, Illinois. Two children have blessed their union. Their names are — Zeta and Corrie. He is prominently identified with the Ma- sonic order, and is a member of the Blue Lodge, Chapter and Commandery. He also belongs to the Knights of Pythias. In 1880 and 1881, he held the office of Senior Warden in the Blue Lodge, and has also held the office of Senior Dea- con. Mr. Osborn is known as one of At- lantic's enterprising men, and is always among the first in taking hold of anything looking to the advancement of the city's interests. C. Thurman, also a furniture dealer of Atlantic, has his store on Walnut street, and is one of the first who engaged in that line of business in the city. He es- tablished the business at his present loca- tion in March, 1869, in partnership with John Yager, the name of the firm being Yager and Thurman. This partnership was continued four years, since which he has carried on business alone. Mr. Thurman was born in Prussia in 1842. He was reared in his native country, and in his youth served an apprenticeship to the trade of cabinet making. In 1867 he came to the United States, and first lo- cated at Burlington, Iowa. He after- wards went to DesMoines, coming from the capital city to Atlantic, at the time stated. Mrs. Thurman was formerly Ber- tha Brechmer, a native of Germany. ^. % 8G2 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. They have five children — Lizzie, Emma, Bertha, Charles and Frank, all of whom were born in Atlantic. Mr. Thurraan well merits the reputation which he en- joys of being a good workman, an honest dealer, and a worthy citizen. Garrett Tormay, hardware dealer on Walnut street, established his present business in December, 1883. He came to Atlantic in 1874 and entered the employ of Eyller and Braasch, of this city, as tinner. He bought the property where his present business is located, in August, 1881. Oarrett Tormay was born in county Cavan, Ireland, in 1833. His father, Far- rell Tormay, died in that country. His mother, with her family, emigrated to America in 1847, with the exception of Garrett, who came in 1848. They settled at Newark, New Jersey, where Mrs. Tor- may resided until her death. There were six children in the family, four brothers and two sisters. The oldest brother, Wal- ter, was a soldier in the war for the I'nion, and a member of General Sickles Excel sior brig'ide, and was killed at the battle of Williamsburg, Virginia. A sister, Catharine, is also deceased. Garrett, the subject of tliis sketch, is the only one of the family in Iowa. He has spent con- siderable time in traveling, having crossed the plains to California in 1869, and as early as 1856 was in Mahaska county, Iowa. He has been a resident of Atlan- tic since 1874. The second jeweller of the city was J. W. Norton, who instituted the business on the west side of Chestnut street, be- tween Fifth and Sixth, in the spring of 1869. He only ran a short time when he sold out to A. D,. Hill. In 1880 P. F. O'Connell, purchased a half interest and under the firm name of Hill and O'Con- nell are still leaders in this line. Their stock is a very complete one and will in- voice about $6,000. In the springof 1880, L.M. Kirk opened a depot for the sale of agricultural imple- ments, on the corner of Second and Chest- nut streets, patting up, for the purpose, a building 35x70 in ground area, besides lime house and other additions. He also also put in a large set of scales. Here, he carried on business of large proportions, and the year 1882, made sales of over $50,000 worth of goods. In .January, 1883, Enos Sayers, of Victoria township, purchased the whole business, and ran it alone for a short time, when he admitted R. A. Walker to a partnership with him, under the firm name of Sayers and Wal- ker. This continues to the present day. They handle all kinds of agricultural ma- chinery and implements; among others the Deering binders, Champion machin- ery and Eclipse wind mills, and are large dealers in seeds, lime, coal and stone. L. M. Kiik, who has been among the prominent business men of Atlantic, and is now living a retired life, came here in 187a. He is a native of Jefferson county, Ohio, born February 20, 1838. He re- mained in his native county, engaged in agriculture and sheep husbandry, until 1869. His first business in Atlantic was in the grocery trade; afterwards he dealt extensively in agricultural implements for a number of years Although retired from active business life, he is settling up buBi- ness matters, and has large real estate in- terests. He was married October 27, 1864, to Elizabeth Beuff, a native of Mahoning ^. f HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 863 county, Ohio. They have four children — Alice, Lorena, Willard and Anna. R. S. Thompson commenced the business of dealing in hard and soft coal on the 17th of August, 1878, in the same location he now occupies, and has succeeded in working up a good business. The merchant tailoring business was established by H. T. Jones, in 1869, on the site of F. H. Whitney's palatial block. The second to engage in the trade was Cbilds and Reinig, who prosecuted the business for some time. S. F. McFadden was also engaged in the same line, at one time. The business is now in the bands of J. F. Needham and Son, the only mer- chant tailors in Atlantic. M. G. Stone, harness maker and saddler, established his business here in \S17, in a building on the corner of Third and Chestnut streets, where he remained two years, and in 1879, removed to his pres- ent location. His salesroom is 18x30 feet in area, and in which he carries a fine stock of goods in his line, valued at about $4,500. He employs about eight men, both in harness making and carriage trim- ming. Tlie first bakiery in Atlantic was started by Charles Litterst. Hammond's dairy, the pioneer one of the city, was established by him in 1873. A man by the name of Baldwin had ped- dled milk on the street previous to this, but J. E Hammond was the first to em- bark in it as a business. He is a native of Michigan, but came to him from Mar- shall town, Iowa. He keeps about sixty head of cows, and supplies the better part of the town with the lacteal fluid. J. E. Hammond was born in Cortland county. New York, in 1844, but his par- ents removed to Hillsdale, Michigan, while he was quite young. In the fall of 1866, he went to Marshall county, Iowa, where he was engaged as a laborer. In the spring of 1867, he was married to Amanda L. Havens, a native of Michigan, by whom he has two children — Nora and Maud. In 1869 he removed to Atlantic, where he followed the business of lathing for some three years, then embarking in the dairy business, which he still follows. Mr. Hammond was quite a poor man when he came to Cass county, but by hard work and close attention to business, he has acquired a competency, and to-day is among the well-to-do business men of the county. In 1878 he combined with his other business the breeding of Poland China hogs, to which he devotes much of his time. He is a member of the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows, and in politics is a staunch Republican. Among the leading dry goods houses of Atlantic, is that of A. L. Bostedo and Son, who have the largest stock in this line in the city, and are doing a large share of the business. They have a mag- nificent sales room, filled with a large assortment of dry goods, notions, cloaks, shawls, carpets, and the various lines of goods kept in well regulated establish- ments of this kind. Stafford and Hawks are, also, engaged in the dry goods business. Crafton's "Wonder Store, and The Fair, are the prominent depots of fancy goods and do a large business. ==3- ^ 1 864 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY, J. C. Yetzer is one of the largest dealers in hardware in the city. He also handles agricultural machinery. Among the institutions of the city, is the palatial business place of D. Burson and Son, who keep the largest assortment of books, stationery, fancy goods, etc., found west of DesMoines. Their sales- room is located in the Post Office block, and is one of the most elegantly fitted up rooms in Atlantic. W. B. Forster and Copeland and Com- pany are among the leading grocery deal- ers of the city. Conrad Linderman keeps the news stand. A. D, Pine came to Atlantic on the 18th of May, 1883, and engaged in the business of underwriting mercantile and farm fire insurance. He has met with a deserved success, as he has a number of first-class companies on his list, and tries hard to please his patrons. A. D. Pine was born in Sallivan county. New York, May 5, 184'7, his early life be- ing spent on a farm; he acquired a com- mon school education. He taught school three winters, and took a two years' course in the State normal. He was principal of Blakesley seminary, in Harpei'sville, for two years, following which he was en- gaged as teacher for a year and a half in Berryville, after which he served as prin- cipal of the Ellenville graded schools for a year and a half. He was married Decem- ber 26, 1871, to Anna V. Hallock, a native of New York, and one of his former pupils at Berryville. She was a daugh- ter of Daniel V. and Mary A. (Ryder) Hallock, her grandfather being one of the first settlers in Sullivan county. His father. U. S. Pine, is a native of New York, and was born February 28, 1815. His grand- father, James Pine, was one of the early settlers of Long Island. In 1825 his father moved to Orange county. New York, where he remained about five years, when he removed to Sullivan county, where he now resides. His mother was Harriet C. Varnell, born September 4, 1826. Her father was Henry Varnell, who died July 9, 1883, and who was a sol- died in the Mexican War and in the War of 1812, and also a pensioner of the latter. After his marriage, A. D. Pine was a teacher in Sullivan county until 1874, when he went to Port Jarvis, where he was engaged in teaching until 1881. After acting as traveling salesman for two years, he came to Atlantic. He has been a Knight Templar since 1870, and is a member of the Episcopal church and I. O. O. P. In 1862 he enlisted as a private in company I, One Hundred and Forty-third New York Infantry, and in the fall of 1863, was promoted to the position of corporal, which he held till the close of the war. The abstract, insurance and real estate business of H. E. Griswold is one of the institutions of the city. H. E. Griswold, a leading real estate and loan agent of Atlantic, was born in Hancock county, Illinois, on the 12th day of April, 1843, and is a son of Dr. H. P. and Lucy (Pettibone) Griswold. His father, was a native of New York and a graduate of the Union and Herkimer medical colleges. Soon after graduating he removed to Hancock county, Illinois, where he prac- ticed for twenty-five years, being one of the first physicians of that county. Dr. Gris wold's wife, who was a native of Con- ^^Ma rfT- ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 865 necticut, died in Hancock county in 1863, while his death occurred in 1881. The subject of this sketch graduated at Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1867, soon after which he came to Lewis, Cass county, where he engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1869 and 1870, he was deputy revenue oolleptor, and in 1 875 was again appointed, filling that office for ten years. He enlisted in 1862 in company C, One Hundred and Eighteenth Illinois Infantry, and engaged in the battles of Chickasaw Bayou.Arkansas Post,Port Gib- .son,ChampionHill,BIack River Bridge and the siege and capture of Vicksburg, and many others. He was mustered out at Camp Butler in 1865. In 1869 Mr. Gris- wold came to Atlantic, and was among those virho organized the present pros- perous city of Atlantic, engaging in his present business in 1879. He is a Master Mason, a member of the G. A. R., and in 1879, was elected State Commander of the latter body. He was married in 1868, in Hancock county, Illinois, to Rose Cherrill, a daughter of Adolphus Cherrill. By this union there has been one child — Alice. John H. Wood was born in Yorkshire, England, January 12, 1834, and is the son of William and Fannie (Rhodes) Wood. His father was a manufacturer of woolen goods, and emigrated from England to the United States in 1844, and in 1845, settled in Jacksonville, Illinois, where he and his wife died a few years ago. John was educated at Illinois college, Jacksonville, where he graduated in the English and Classical, in the class of 1858, with the first honors of the class. He then entered the banking house of Brown and Elliott, as teller and clerk, where he remained for about eight years. He was then appointed cashier of the Farmers' National bank, of Virginia, Illinois, and after serving in that capacity for some ten years, he entered the law office of Hon. R. W. Mills, &f Virginia, Illinois, then master-in-chancery, taking charge principally of the chancery busi- ness. In 1879 Mr. Wood removed to At- lantic, and formed a partnership with Isaac Dickerson, in the real estate, ab- stract and loan business. Mr. Wood was admitted to the bar in 1880, by Judge J. R. Reed. Mr. "Wood was for a number of years a trustee of the State institution for the blind, at Jacksonville, IHinois,and is at present a member of the city council of Atlantic, and in politics is a Republi- can. In 1862 Mr. Wood was married to Amy Upham, of Jacksonville, Illinois, daughter of Alvah Upham, formerly of Youngstown, Ohio. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Wood, of whom three are still living. E. V. Burke, who has a large real estate and abstract business in this county and throughout the northwest, is a native of Lawrence county, Ohio, born March 17, 1856. He is a man well adapted to the business, and has an extensive correspon- dence, but makes a specialty of handling city property for non-residents. He has a full and complete set of abstracts, and can furnish the chain of title to any piece of property. His boyhood days were spent upon a farm, and when ten years old, he went to Ashland, Kentucky, where for five years he attended school, and subsequently engaged in the business of photography for a number of years, then TV lliL 866. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. came to Atlantic, having upon his arrival here, but little money. He was engaged in various occupations, reading law one year, and steadily accumulating property, soon became possessed of a considerable amount of this world's goods. He was married to Jennie Barnet, who was form- erly a teacher of mathematics. In addi- tion to other qualifications possessed by Mr. Burke, he is a teacher of music, and is the present chorister in the Presby- terian church. J. E. Gillespie, real estate and insurance agent, also engaged in tax-paying and loan business, came to Cass county in 1871, settling at Atlantic. He first opened a dry goods store, and subsequently en- gaged in the grocery trade, and then clos- ing that out, established his present busi- ness, in which he has been successful. Ilis oflBoe is over the Bank of Atlantic, in the Whitney block. He is is a native of Ohio, born in Butler county, October 12, 1829. His father was James R. Gillespie, a native of the same State, where he lived until the time of his death. His mother was Mary Hayden, who is dead, and was buried iu Burlington. The subject of this sketch engaged in teaching school in 1850. He afterwards want to Adams county and engaged in the sale of dry goods there and in other places, for several years. He also served as deputy treas- urer, and in 1865 was elected to the office of clerk of court, which position he held one term ; thence he removed to Des- Moines and engaged with Mills and Co., in blank book manufacturing. He was engaged for a time in a notion house in Philadelphia. He was married October 7, 1852, to Lydia Hendricks, of Wapello county, daughter of John W. Hendricks. They have two children — Florence N., now the wife of C. C. Lindner, train dis- patcher, and Frank A., a bookkeeper in a Cheyenne wholesale grocery house, who will be remembered as bookkeeper in Whitney's bank. Mr. Gillespie is a mem- ber of the Methodist, church, and super- intendeut of the Sabbath school. Lee Gibson, one of the prominent busi- ness men of Atlantic, is a native of Fair- field, Jefferson county, Iowa, and was born in 1847. His fathei", H. D, Gibson, re- moved with his family to Knoxville, Ma- rion county, where he lived until 1871. He was in the mercantile business, but during the rebellion his services were given to his country, and he was major of the Thirty-third Iowa, serving through the war. He was appointed Indian com- misssioner, and stationed in the far north- west. He died at Olyrapia, Washington Territory, August 9,1874. In 1871, Lee removed to Monroe, Jasper county, where he carried on the grain business for eight years, at the end of that time coming to Atlantic, where he has since remained. On coming to this city, he engaged in the grocery business, at which he was very successful, for four years ; he then commenced his present business. He is extensively engaged in the real estate, insurance and loan business, loaning his own money. He is also a notary public. Mr. Gibson was married April 2, 1868, to Albina Foster. She was born in Missouri, but was reared and educated in Ohio. Her father was a well-to-do farmer. They have one child, whose name is J. Belle. Mr. Gibson has been successful in every business enterprise in which he has ever -•w ^jk HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 867 been engaged. Besides his Atlantic in- terest, he has a large property in Marion eountv, besides possessions in Jasper county. He is a member of the I. O. O. F, F. M. Alexander, a son of the late Judge Luther L. Alexander, commenced as a dealer in books, stationery and news- papers, in February, 1884, and is endeav- oring to work up a trade in that line. He is a native of Cass county, being born in Atlantic township, and is the youngest son of Luther L. Alexander. His educa- tion was obtained in the Atlantic schools. Pie still makes bis home with his mother in Atlantic. BANKS. The pioneer banking house in Atlantic was opened here in 1869, by Loring and Bennett, who soon built up a large and remunerative business, and became men of influence in the community, but in December, 1810, they left Atlantic qui- etly, and, after the manner of the abscond- ing cashier of the present day, carried off the funds of the bank with them, to the sorrow of their depositors. It is supposed that they went to South America, to enjoy their ill-gotten gains. In the early part of of 1871, Frank H. Whitney and Company, opened a bank, as successors to the abscondit^g bankers, Loring and Bennet, but later in the same year this was re-organized as the First National Bank of Atlantic, with F. H. Whitney, as president; John P. Gerberich, cashier; F. H. Whitney, Isaac Dicker- son-, Charles Kelly, Wilkins Warwick and S. J. Applegale, directors. This organization was continued until 1876., when the charter was relinquished, and it became once more a private bank under the name of the Bank of 'Atlantic, and under the proprietorship of Frank H. Whitney, and as such is continued to the present time by him, and is to-day, one of the most solid institutions in the county. Tlie sterling integrity and business abil- ities of Mr. Whitney, 'who is well known to every citizen of the county, backed as it is by an abundance of capital, make the Bank of Atlantic one of undoubted strength, and enjoys the fullest confidence of the community and of the people of Cass county in general Franklin H. Whitney, decidedly the most prominent and enterprising of Cass county's citizens; who has done more than any ten men in its development; who is the father of more towns and enterpris- ing projects for the upbuilding of his resident county than any other citizen within its borders, and who was also one of its pioneers, braving the hardships, etc., attendant upon pioneer life, was born in the town of Mexico, Oswego county. New York, February 10, 1832. He was a son of John Whitney, who was born iu Washington, New York. He was a farmer during his life and died in Cass county, Iowa, where he had resided a number of years, and who was also one of its pioneers. His wife's name was Nancy Huntington, a native of New York, who died in Oswego county, that State. F. U. Whitney spent his early life in Oswego county. New York, where he re- ceived a good academic education at Mex- ico, and learned the surveyor's profession. In 1856, he came to Iowa, stopping in Adair county, a short time, and, in March of that year,' settled in Cass eountv, at ^ » k. vl 868 HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. Whitney ville, and in 1857, laid out a small town at that point and began farm- ing and raising stock. He owned two hundred and forty acres of land and fol- lowed farming and surveying in the vicinity of Whitneyville until 1862, when he removed to Lewis and published a newspaper, for eight months, called the Cass County Gazette, after which he fol- lowed surveying and worked for the Emi- grant company until January, 1864. In 1865, he operated a hotel at Lewis, which was consumed by fire on the 3d of Janu- ary, 1866. He then moved upon a farm about a naile from town, but in the fall of that year purchased the Rand House and rem.oved to Lewis, which he operated until the spring of 1868, when he dis- posed of the property and entered into partnership with Isaac Dickerson and opened a land office in Lewis, handling non-resident lands in Cass county. In September of that year they dissolved partnership, and in October, Mr. Whitney removed to the present site of Atlantic, surveying the same shortly after his re- moval here, he also assisting in the sur- vey of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad, which was then being constructed. He built the .old house on the site of the Reynolds House, and rented it to John Bennett, who run the same about two years, when J. R. Reynolds purchased the property. Mr. Whitney soon after engaged in the real estate busi- ness, and in 1869 did a small banking business, lie has been on the spot he now occupies since January, 18Y0, and bap de- veloped a banking business to large pro- portions. The original owners of the ground Atlantic now occupies, were F. H. Whitney, Isaac Dickerson and John Keyes, they purchasing the land of different in- dividuals during the spring and summer of 1868. Mr. Whitney negotiated with John P. Cook for the location of the depot at Atlantic, after which the Atlantic Town company was organized, with P. H.Whit- ney, Messrs. Crawford and Merriman, B. F. Allen and John Cook as shareholders, and Mr. Whitney general manager of the business of the company, although he owned but one-sixth interest of the busi- ness. Mr. Whitney's lands lie princi- pally in Cass county and adjoining coun- ties, and are valued at $300,000. He was married February 10, 1861, in Mexico, Oswego county. New York, to Ella Gra- ham, a daughter of Cornelius Graham. He was living in Whitneyville at the time, but returned to New York to be married. They have two children — James G., educated as a banker, who has acted as book-keeper in the bank since thirteen years of age, and who was born in Janu- ary, 1864. The other, Thomas H. Whit- ney, born in July, IS^S. The Atlantic National bank is the out- growth of a private' banking institution, established by John McDaniels. In 1874, Smith and White built a suitable edifice and opened, a private bank and continued for a short time, when Mr. Smith with- drew, and H. F. White ran it until the summer of 1875, when he failed, causing some loss to the depositors. In 1877, John McDaniels instituted a bank upon the ruins of the other, with himself as owner, and his son, Clinton McDaniels, qashier. In 1882, a charter was obtained and the institution reorganized as a Na- tional bank, with the following officers: ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. fe* J. McDaniels, president; J. W. Winslow, vice-president; Clinton McDaniels, cash- ier; J. W. Winslow, Henry Rogers, J. Mc- Daniels, H. L. Henderson and H. M. Boor- man, directors. The bank has a capital of $100,000, and being run by business men, on business principles, is as strobg as any financial house in the State. The building in which the bank transacts its business is owned by them, and was erected on the site of one formerly occu- pied by them, which was destroyed by fire on the Sith of December, 1880, and is one of the finest business edifices in At- lantic. It is a large and commodious building, built of cut stone, and archi- tecturally complete, with fine, French- plate glass windows, and other appoint- ments to match. Inside, the furniture is of the handsomest kind, and the bank is provided with a burglar-proof vault, guarded by a time lock of the most ap- proved pattern, for the security of the money entrusted to them by their numer- ous patrons. The present officers are the same as at the time of organization, but the board of direction has been changed, and is composed of the following named, in addition to the officers who are ex-officio members of the board: W. S. Everett, C. A. Dierkson, W W.Parker, Henry Rog- ers and H. L. Henderson.. John McDaniels was born in Oxford county, Maine, August 8, 1817. His father was of Scotch descent, and his mother of English. He was reared upon a farm, and in. 185 1 removed to Pennsylvania, where be was engaged in tlie West India lumber business until 1869, when he came to Cass county, settling in Pymosa township, where he engaged in farming until 1882, when he removed to Atlantic, where he has been engaged in the banking business. He was married to Julia A. Hamblin, who was born in Maine, by whom he has had five children, three of whom are living — Vilona, living in Warren county; Ello- wene; Mary, the wife of H. M. Boorman, and Clinton, cashier of the Atlantic Na- tional bank. Mr. McDaniels has been suc- cessful in business, and by his own exer- tions has acquired considerable property. John W. Winslow one of the prominent as well as jsioneer bu.siiiess men of Atlan- tic, is a native of Ohio, being born in Wyandott county, December 12, 1833. His early life was spent upon a farm in Ohio, and when nineteen years of age was engaged as clerk in a dry goods store, where he remained until June 4, 1855, when he came to Iowa, locating in Wash- ington county. In April 1860, he took a trip to Missouri and Kansas to look up a new location, but finding nothing to suit, returned in the fall, located in Wapello county, remained there until 1862 and re- turned to Washington county, remaining there until August, 1864, he removed to DesMoines, where he remained until July 16, 1868, when he removed to Grove City, engaged in the mercantile business with W. W. Moore, after which he came to Atlantic, February, 1869, remaining in company with W. W. Moore, until April, 1870, at which time he purchased the in- terest of W. W. Moore and sold it to W. W. Parker. The style of the new firm being Winslow and Parker, which contin- ued in the mercantile trade until Septem- ber, 1881, at which time they sold to A. L. Bostedo and Son. Afterward engaging in the banking business. His time is -T,|>V 870 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. mostly confined to this interest, although somewhat interested in city property and real estate. His present wife was Lottie R. Danforth, a native of southern Illinois, to whom he was married January 2, 1873, in Atlantic. There was a daughter by his former wife, who is now the wife of J. A. Hayden. Mr. Winslow is a mem- ber of the Masonic Order. His residence is on the corner of Fourth and -Maple streets. William W. Parker was one of the pio- neers of Atlantic. He came to Cass county about the middle of June, 1868, and after looking around for a location, settled upon the town site of Atlantic. His house was the third one raised and the first one plastered in the town. It is still standing, on the west side of Chesnut street^ on the corner of Third, and is now used as an ice cream saloon. He kept boarders at first, but in January, 1870, in connection with John W. Winslow, he embarked in the dry goods business, and continued in the same till September, 188), when he retired from active busi- ness pursuits to enjoy the fruits of a busy and well-spent life. He was born in Mar- shall, Highland county, Ohio, January 18, 1831, and is the son of James R. and Anna Weyer, (Parker) both natives of Ohio. Wlien he was two years of age his parents removed to Indiana, and again in 1835,they removed to Illinois. From there his father enlisted in the army in which be was quartermaster. On returning, he died at Prairie City in October, 1863. William lived in Fullon county, Illinois, until com- ing out here, and was married there Dec- ember 31, 1854, to Emily Walker. They had five children, three of whom are liv- ing — Anna M., now the wife of J. N. Bur- son, residing in Chicago; Mary O. and Frank M. Mrs. Parker died September 2, 1878. Mr. Parker's property interests, which are quite extensive, are located in Atlantic. He erected the fine brick build- ing used by Burson as a book store, among others. When he came to Atlantic, his means were limited, but by the exer- cise of shrewd business qualities and good judgment, he has amassed a large prop- erty, while aiding in the building up of Atlantic. He was a director in the first school board of the town, and was a mem- ber of the council for nine years. The Cass County Bank, the oldest in the county, was organized in 1870, by John Keyes, Frank H. Whitney, Isaac Dickerson and J. C. Yetzer, as a private bank. For several years these pariies operated it as instituted, but afterwards Whitney and Dickerson sold out to their partners. On the Ist of May, 1876, it was re-organized as a bank under the State law, with J. C. Yetzer, as president, and William Waddell, as cashier. At that time the capital, which was all paid up, was $60,000, but has since been increased to $110,000. Mr. Waddell was cashier until 1879. When the bank first started it was located on the east side of the street, but in 1871 or 2, the brick building which they now occupy on the west side of Chestnut street was erected by them, for their occupancy. The present ofticers of this, one of the moneyed institutions of the county, are the following: Joseph C. Yetzer, president; Isaac Dickerson, vice-president; John P. Grerberich,cashier; A. W. Dickerson, assistant cashier; J. C. Yetzer, S. M. Childs, G. S. Montgomery, •^ ^9- HISTORT OF CASS COUNTY. 8V1 S. A. Keyes, J. W. Russell, William Wad- dell, Isaac Dickerson, N. Richards and A. W. Dickerson, directors. Dr. M. N. Graves, is also engaged in the banking business in the city of Atlantic, and operates a private concern, although doing an extensive business-. Dr. M. N. Graves, one of Atlantic's enterprising and most successful business men, came to Cass county in ISYS, where he practiced medicine about five years, when he engaged in the drug business. This business was afterward carried on under the firm name of Graves and We- ber, until the fall of 1884, when he dis- posed of his interest in the drug store to Mr. Weber. He has since operated a bank, which is a private concern, owned exclusively by himself and does a gen- eral banking business in all its branch- es. He has -for some time had an interest in a large drug store at Audubon, which is still carried on under the firm name of Graves and Houston. Mr. Graves was born in Bradford county, Pennsylvania, in April, 1850, and is the son of George G. and Irene (Stevens) Graves, the former a native of New Haven, Connecticut and the latter of Stevensville, Bradford coun- ty, Pennsylvania. When four years of age he went with his parents to Carroll county, Illinois, where they lived about fourteen years, when he removed to Wy- omingjjones county,Iowa. Here he entered the oflice of J. M. Terry, M. D., and be- gan the study of medicine. He after- ward studied and attended lectures at the Cincinnati Medical college for three years, graduating from that institution during the winter of 1871-2. He returned to Jones county and began practice, which he continued until 18V5, when he removed to Atlantic, Cass county, as above stated, where he has since resided. He is a mem- ber of the Eclectic Medical institute. Mr. Graves has large property in Cass county and surrounding States, and has been very prosperous in a business capac- ity, and freely contributes to all enter- prises of merit. He|was married Decem- ber 24, 18V2, to Emma I. Dubois, a native of Iowa. They have two children — George and Leon. ELEVATOB. The elevator of Boorman and Hard was built and finished in the fall of 1883, by the late owners. The main building was 40x42 feet upon the ground, with a height of 56 feet. The engine room was 30x15 feet with a fuel room attached 5x10 feet in size. The former contained a fine stationery engine of twenty-five horse power, which furnished an abundance of power for all practical purposes needed. The elevator had a capacity of storing 30,000 bushels, and was valued at about $13,000. This building was destroyed by fire during the fall of 1884. LUMBER DEALERS. Among the first lumber dealers in the city of Atlantic were John R. Rey- nolds and Getchell and Tichenor, who started in this line in 1869. Harley Hawks established himself in the lumber business, about the time of the laying out of the town, but operated it for a short time only, selling out to J. Neimeyer, who continued it for about five years, when it was disposed of to Bryson, Son and Co. After a few years, the two senior pairtners of this firm retired, their interests being acquired by A. A. Hub- 64 -f k. 872 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. bard, their junior partner. In 1878, tlie yard, stock and business was purchaserl by Robert Major, who continued to run ii until 1882, wiien he admitted Charles Neimeyer to a full partnership, by pur- chase, and the business is now carried on under the firm name of Robert Major and Co. They carry a stock of from |10,()00 to $15,000, including everything usually found in a first-class yard: doors, blinds, sash, building paper, paints, oils, etc. Charles Neimeyer is a native of Butler county, Ohio, being born in 1858 and is a son of Jacob and Sarah (Art) Neimeyer, natives of Lehigh^county, Pennsylvania. They were married in Pennsylvania, after which they immediately removed to Ohio, going all the way in a one-horse wagon. Here Jacob Neimeyer embarked in the gunsmith business which he followed until 1850, when he went to California, going by way of Cape Horn. Here he was engaged in the mines, where he succeeded in ac- cumulating a mngnificent fortune. He re- mained in California about a year, when he returned to Ohio and built a saw-mill and purchased land for the lumber upon it. The land increased vastly in value, and he afterwards sold it for a nice spec- ulation, which brought $36,500. la 1861 he went to Pennsylvania, where he pur- chased one hundred acres of land in Bucks county. Here he found mineral, for which he was afterwards ofEered $350,000. He remained at this place about three years, accumulating property estimated at one million dollars. In 1865 he went to the oil regions and in 1866, settled at Georgetown, Kentucky, where he again found mineral, but which did not prove successful. He lost everything he had on account of the company abandoning him. He then returned to Ohio and in 1869 came to Atlantic where he engaged at his trade — thatof gunsmith— which he follow- ed until his death, which occurredJuly, 16, 1884. Charles Neimeyer was educated in the district school, not having the advanta- ges of an academic education. Ke came with his parents to Atlantic in 1869, where he has since remained. He was married July 16, 1883, to Verde McDer- mott, a daughter of J. B. McDermott, a native of Ohio, who resides iu Benton township. Mr. Neimeyer is a member of the Knights of Pythias and Independ- ent Order of Odd Fellows and polit- ically is a staunch Republican. Mr. Nei- meyer is a young man of marked business ability, and is fast gaining a competency. The lumber yard of Crombie and Shaw was established by Chambers Brothers, in 1872. These parties operated the yard for a short time, when they were suc- ceeded by the Muskegan Lumber Com- pany, who continued here for four years when they, in turn, disposed of it to the Atlantic Lumber Company. This was composed of Messrs. Milner and Rult. In the spring of 1878, the present firm purchased the interest of these parties, and have prosecuted the business ever since. They carry a stock of about $10,- 000, comprising everything in their line. The lumber yard of Lamson and Dierks, was established in Atlantic, in August, 1882, by these parties. They opened several branch yards, at the smaller sta- tions on the Rock Island road. In the spring of 1884, the business was divided between the partners, and the yard here is run by Mr. Dierks. They carry a fine '•^^ d ^^ ^ !« — ^ HISTORY OF CASS COITNTT. 873 k. stock of lumber and other building ma- terial, that will invoice about $7,000. Byron Lamson was born in Berkshire county, Massachusetts, October 22, 1833, and is a son of Oregin and Eliza (Patter- son) Lamson, natives of the same State. Mrs. Lamson died in Massachusetts, in 1847. The subject of our sketch was reared in his native county, receiving an academic education. In 1853 he went to Wisconsin, stopping with his brother, who came to that State in 1843, and who was one of the early settlers of Grant county. In 1860 he was married to Harriet Dan- forth, in Illinois. In September, 1869, he came to Cass county, where he was em- ployed by the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad for five years, after which he was engaged at Walnut, in the lumber busicess ; since which time he has been engaged in the lumber business at Atlan- tic. His father died in Grant county, Wisconsin, in 1876, going there in 1853. Mr. and Mrs. Lamson are the parents of three children living: Emma E. and Ma- mie F., now students at Lake Forest, Illi- nois, and Danforth Lamson. LIVBET STABLES. Walker Brothers' livery stable was was opened by them in the spring of 1881, on the corner of Second and Chest- nut streets, where they still are in busi- ness. In 1884, they erected on this lot, a fine large building, 50x140 feet in ground area, two stories high, which they occupy themselves. This structure cost about $3,000 They use about twenty-seven head of horses, and have a large turnout of excellent buggies, carriages, etc. They are, also, proprietors of the omnibus line, which they put on in March, 1881. Arthur and Job Walker, of the firm of Walker Brothers, are sons of Henry and Mary (Hines) Walker. Their father had been a justice of the peace in Canton Illi- nois, and in business was a contractor and builder, but afterwards dropped this to confine his entire attention to the prac- tice of the law. He died August 18, 1861. Arthur Walker was born in Canton, Illinois, August 15, 1854. He s|)ent his early life there, receiving the educational advantages afforded by the local schools there. He then began the study of law in the office of his brother, Meredith, and in 1871, he attended the law department of the Ann Arbor, Michigan university. He then continued his legal studies with his brother, and at the June term of the Illinois supreme court, in 1875, he was admitted to the bar, and commenced the practice of law the same year. He con- tinued in this profession until some time in 1877, when, developing a taste for busi- ness pursuits, he went to Denver, Colo- rado, and started in the livery business. The undertaking proved successful, and early in 1881, finding an opening in At- lantic, he removed here with his brother to embark in the livery business, and make a permanent location. How well they have succeeded, their well-known progress since coming here will tell. Ar- thur was married in Illinois, in 1880, to Estella M. Edmiston, of Canton. Job Walker, of the same firm, is a native of LaPorte, Indiana, and was born February 9, 1838. When he was two years of age, his parents removed to Can- ton, Fultou county, Illinois, where his father was in business as before stated. On arriving at suitable age, and having I ^jf 874 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. acquire'^ the necessary qualiGcationa, he commenced attendance at Lombard uni- versity, and was within one year of com- pleting the scientific course, when his father died. This occurrence threw upon him the responsibilities of the family and the care of the property, and he accord- ingly quitted college, and went to work on the farm, which was part of his father's possessions. While at home, he was chosen treasurer of Fulton county, and served the people four years in that capacity. He remained in that county till 1877, when he came to Atlantic, and en- gaged in the lumber business. After two years here, he went to Denver, and after being engaged in the livery business there till 1881, he came back to Atlantic with his brother, and embarked in the same business here. He was married in 1872, to Miss Crosier, a daughter of Jacob' Crosier. The Walker Brothers are among At- lantic's most wide-awake business men, and are courteous, affable gentlemen. They are all quite large o-wners of city and county property, and to-day the owners of the finest livery in Cass county. The livery stable of Slater and Eller was commenced by them in 1883, and is in a building twenty-eight by eighty, with a carriage house fifty by fifty feet in addition. They have about twenty-four head of horses. In the fall of 1883, L. B. Mapes en- gaged in the livery business on the corner of Third and Walnut streets, where he is now located. The building was erected in 1878, by R. M. Pearson. It is a story and a half, frame structure, fifty by one hundred and thirty feet in ground area, and cost 81,800. Mr. Pearson operated the barn until the spring of 1881, when lie disposed of it to E. O. Iloyt, who afterward sold it to the present owner. Park livery barn, operated by Porter and Yearick, was erected in the fall of 1883, and is thirty by eighty feet in dimension, two stories high, with an L, seventy by sixteen feet, one story high. J. A. Hayden, one of the business men of Atlantic, is a photographer, and has his studio on the southwest corner of Chestnut and Fourth streets. In this branch of business Mr. Hayden succeeded T. J. Luccock, commencing the trade in August, 1880. The subject of this^sketch was born in Ohio, but when a child, re- moved with his parents to Mt. Vernon, Iowa. He began learning his business in the fall of 1874, in the photographic art rooms of M. H. Eberhart, at Mt. Vernon, and was subsequently employed in Des Moines and elsewhere, previous to com- ing to Atlantic in the spring of 1878. Mr. Hayden is a skillful artist, and as such, has gained a high reputation, and established a lucrative business. He was married in 1882, to Estelle Winslow, daughter of J. W. Winslow, of the city of Atlantic. Joshua L. Smith is a native of Yates county. New York, and was born on the 18th day of June, 1825. While Joshua was quite a small boy his parents removed to Steuben county. New York, where he grew to manhood and received a district school education. In 1848 he went to Kentucky, first engaging in the sale of the Seth Thomas' clocks, but afterwards embarking in mercantile business in Louisville, under the firm name of Smith Tl«- ^1 L^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 875 and Winchester. Their sales being most- ly in the South, they abandoned the busi- ness at the breaking out of the war, and Mr. Smith entered the army as Sutler of the Twenty-first Kentucky Volunteer In- fatitry, under General Rosecrans. In 185y he was married, in Kentucky, to Eliza Ann Richardson, a native of that State. By this marriage they have eight children — Allen R., who is in the stock business in Custer county, Dakota; Clara, the wife x)f George W. Felt, of Cass county; Minnie, the wife of Albert Grave- ly, of the firm of Smith and Gravely, of Atlantic; George W., who is railroading in Mexico; Edward W., station agent of Va., E. T. & G. R. R., in Alabama; Lutie, Logan and Fannie. In September, 1864, Mr. Smith removed to Cass county, Iowa, and located on section 14, in Turkey Grove, now Atlantic township, where he followed farming nineteen years. In the springof 1883 he moved into Atlantic, and is now engaged in running a feed store. Mrs. Smith and her two eldest daughters are members of the Congregational church. Mr. S. has been justice of the peace for fourteen years and has also held other local offices. The county was most- ly composed of wild prairies when he ar- rived, but he has lived to see the wonder- ful changes have been wrought. lie made hay for two years on the land on which the city of Atlantic now stands. When he first came to the county he used to haul his surplus wheat to Des Moines, taking four days to make the round trip. He came to the county in company with two brothers — H. G. and Simeon, the trip tak- ing fourteen days. W. H. Kerrick was born in Franklin county, Indiana, on the 2ntb day of June, 1842. lie is a son of Albert and Char- lotte (Sparks) Kerrick, the former a native of Virginia and the latter a native of Ohio. Tiiey settled in Indiana, in 1830, where they remained until 1856, wlien they removed to Polk county, Iowa. Mr. Kerrick was a carpenter by trade, which he followed for many years. W. H. Ker- rick came to Iowa when fourteen years of age and in February, 1862, enlisted in the Fifteenth U. S. Infantry and took part in the battles of Missionary Ridge, Stone River, Resaca, Peach Tree Creek, Georgia, seige of Atlanta, besides several skirmishes. He was wounded at Mari- etta, Georgia, July 4, 1864, and at Atlanta, Georgia, August 7, 1864. He was dis- charged February, 1865. After the war he was married in Madison county, Iowa, in November, 1 865, to Mary Mann. They have five children — William O., Frederick, Myrtle, Charlotte, and Blanche. Mr. Kerrick is a Master Mason and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. He came to Cass county in 1877, and to At- lantic in 1879, where be has followed his trade most of the time, that of carpenter- ing. William A. Archer was born in Stark county, Ohio, December 14, 1847, and is a son of Henry and Anna (Long) Archer, who were the parents of three sons and two daughters, all living. In 1853 they removed to Lawrence county, Pennsyl- vania, and afterward returned to Ohio, where Mr. Archer's father died in 1883, and his mother in 1884. When sixteen years of age he was an apprentice for three years at Canton, Ohio, under Steb- bins and Werts. In 1871 he came to 'i'\r Is A ^ 51 ^ 876 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Iowa, where he followed his trade, paint- ing, in various places. He was married at Monticello, Jones' county, Iowa, to Louisa Young, a daughter of John Young. In 1876 Mr. Archer came to Atlantic, where he has since followed his trade, and is considered one of the hest painters of Atlantic. He is a Master Mason, of Pymosa Lodge, No. 271, and is secretary of Atlantic Lodge, No. 175, L O. O. F. Mr. and Mrs. Archer are the parents of one child — Mabel. B. S. Willcock, proprietor of the Ex- change billiard rooms, is a native of Corn- wall, England, born in 1834. When about fifteen years of age, he came to this coun- try with his father and family. They settled at Cleveland, Ohio, where his father resided until his death. The sub- ject of this sketch learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for twenty-eight years. He resided for ten years at Du- luth, Minnesota, and came from that city to Atlantic in 1871. He followed his trade here seven years. He kept the first temperance hall in this city. His present establishment is located on Fourth street, between Poplar and Chestnut. His rooms are pleasant and well furnished, and con- tain ten billiard and pool tables. This is known as the "Temperance Billiard Hall," and was opened by Mr. Willcock in 1881. His wife was formerly Lucinda King, a native of Wisconsin. They have five children — Carrie J., who was born in Superior City, Wisconsin; Clifford, Myrtle A. and Colonel B. The three last named were born in the city of Atlantic. Frank Cox, road master on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad, was born on the 22d day of April, 1831, in Lower Canada, where he received a com- mon school education. In 1849 he emi- grated to Racine county, Wisconsin. In the fall of 1850, he returned to Can- ada, and remained till 1854, when he re- moved to West Springfield, Massachusetts, and worked in a cotton factory until the fall of 1861, when he went to the new town of Lucknow, in Canada West, and worked in a saw-mill until February, 1864, then returning to Massachusetts and working in the factory until June. He then commenced work on the Boston and Albany railroad, and in the same fall went to Pittsfield, Massachusetts, to take charge of the repairs on a section of road. In July, 1868, he went West to Des- Moines, this State, where he was employ- ed on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad as assistant road master, helping to build the road from Dexter to Council Bluffs, laying the track into what is now the city of Atlantic in December, 1868, and into Council Bluffs in April, 1869. In 1872 he was appointed to his present po- sition. He has under his immediate charge from 200 to 250 men. Mr. Cox has been identified with the road since its construc- tion, and his division is between Stuart and Council Bluffs, including also five branches, having in all 185 miles of road under his supervision. He was married, in Holyoke, Massachusetts, to Fannie F. Gardner, who died in this county on the 12th day of April, 1870. By this union there were four children, two of whom are still living — Prank L. and Charles A. He was again married, to Sarah A. Nor- ris, a native of Pennsylvania, by whom he has had two children — Roye N. and Fan- nie L! Mr. Cox is a member of the Ma- T "»pv Ai HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 877 sonic fraternity and of the Knights of Pythias. He is a staunch Republican in politics. INDUSTKIAL WORKS. The foundry business was established in Atlantic, on the 9th of January, 1880, by H. H. Salisbury. At that time he purchased the blacksmith shop, and Mr. Brackett entering into partnership with him, they put up the present building, in the following year. The firm of Salisbury and Brackett continued for about two years, when the former purchased the in- terest of his partner, and has since ma- nipulated the business alone. The main building he occupies is 26x40 feet ground area, two stories high; the blacksmith shop is 20x30 feet, ground area, also two stories high; and tiie foundry is 44x32 feet in dimensions It contains a porta- ble engine of ten horse power, and fur- nishes employment for from eight to twelve men. The Atlantic Packing Company ware- house was built during tlie fail of 1882. The packing house is 44x44 feet in ground dimension, three stories high, besides the basement. The engine room, which is 20x40 feet in size, is fitted up with a first- class stationary engine, which supplies all the power needed. Besides these, there is a small warehouse, 43x86 feet in size, which is two stories and a basement in height. The ice house is 60x76, and fitted with all the appliances for the handling of ice and other heavy mater- ials. The capacity of the works is about six hundred hogs per day. Tl)e plant cost, when first completed, about $32,000, but additions have since been made so as to bring the whole expense up to $40,000. J. H. Needles is the presi- dent of the company, and J. A. McWaid was the superintendent when it was run" ning, but it was lying idle during the winter of 1883-4. It is one of the best appointed in the State. The Atlantic Alcohol Company was organized in 1882 by the following gen- tlemen: John Milner, J. Nichols, E. A. Milner, L. M. Rutt, Frank H. Whitney, A. Rutt and S. B. Milner. The first oflicers were: S. B. Blilner, president; Abram Rutt, vice-president; J. Nichols, secretary; and F. H. Whitney, treasurer. The buildings owned by this company, which are the second largest in the State, were erected in 1882 at a total cost of $91,000. The distillery has a capacity of using about 2,7i bushels of corn per day, with a consequently large out-put. The grounds covered by the various buildings contain about an acre and a half, includ- ing the cattle sheds, which will hold 1,485 head of slock, The distillery is not run- ning now, having sold its capacity. Among the prominent industrial works of Atlantic, none is of more importance than the wagon and carriage manufactory of J. H. Needles. This is located on Third street, between Chestnut and Wal- nut. In the winter of 1869-70, Needles and McWaid established this business in a small way, in a small building, on Wal- nut street, east of the present location of Mr. Needles, which was but 20x30 feet in size. In connection with this shop, thiy carried on the sale of agricultural imple- plements, the latter of which grew to enormous proportions, as told elsewhere. They remained in the small building, making all kinds of vehicles, until 1871, "T 'M. 818 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. when finding that they were cramped for room, they erected a frame building on the corner of Tliird and Chestnut streets. On the first of January, 1S79, Mr. McWaid retired from the business, since which it has been operated by J. H. Needles. In 1882, the rapidly increasing business of Mr. Needles, requiring more room, he erected the building now occu- pied by him. This is a solid brick struc- ture, ^0x75 feet on the ground, and two stories high. On the first floor is located the blacksmith shop which is 30x50, the woodworking shop, 20x50, and a reposi- tory 25x50. On the second floor is a paint and varnish room 30x50 feet area, lumber storage room 20x50, and another repository for flnished work, etc., 25x50 feet. Above all is a heavy metal roof. A fine elevator is used to convey buggies, etc., from one story to the other. The power for the various departments of the shop is obtained from a fine engine of twenty horse power, which also supplies steam to heat the building. A specialty is made of light buggies and wagons, although all kinds are manufactured to suit the trade, which is immense. J. H. Needles was born in Franklin county, Ohio, on the 20th of September, 1829, and was a son of John J. and Ann (Hatfield) Needles, both natives of Dela- ware. He was reared on a farm until 1848, when he learned the carriage mak- ing trade. He then established a shop near Columbus, and was there engaged until 1852, when he removed to Indiana, and was "there engaged at the same busi- ness until 1857. He then removed to Linn county, Iowa, locating near Cedar Rapids, where he again began to work at his trade. In the year, 1869, he came to Atlantic, and has since made this his home. He was united in marriage, in July, 1853, with Caroline Fenstemaker, a native of Fairfield county, Ohio. They have seven children, four sons and three daughters. Mr. Needles is a member of the Masonic order, and of the Methodist Episcopal church. The business of the Atlantic creamery was established in the year 1882, as a stock concern, the following gentlemen being financially interested: Frank H. "Whitney, J. A. McWaid and William M. Nichols. The company had a cash capi- tal of $6,000. The buildings were erected by the company at the time of the foun- dation of the same, and work was com- menced April 5, 1882. The main build- ing is 40x50 feet in area, with an ice house 30x40. The motive power for the machinery is derived from an eight horse power boiler and engine. The business is as yet in its infancy, and rapidly in- creasing. About 1,200 pounds of butter are manipulated daily, and it is hoped to double the out-put within the coming year. The product of the creamery ranks as "gilt edge" and commands the high- est price in eastern markets. Robert McAdams, Jr., a native of Scot- land,, was born in that county, July 14, 1847, and is a son of Robert and Jane (Campbell) McAdams, also natives of Scotland. Mr. McAdams, Sr., emigrated to America in the spring of 1869, and located in Montgomery county. New York, where he remained two years. He then went to Oneida county, after which he located at Rome, New York, where he is engaged largely in the manufacture of ^'l^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 879 butter and clieese. He has made the busi- ness a study for life and probably has the largest factory in central New York. The subject of this sketch received a liberal education in his native country, emigrat- ing to America in the spring of 1856. He first settled in Rensselaer county, N.Y., where he remained until 1875, when he went to Elgin, Illinois, where he took charge of a large butter and cheese busi- ness, he being a practical dairyman. In the spring of 1884, he came to Atlantic and purchased the Atlantic creamery. He was married in Buffalo, New York, to Alma J. Jackson, a native of that State. By this union there has been two children — Nellie M. and Ida J. Mr. McAdams is one of the directors of the Board of Trade atDes Moines, and a Republican in politics. The Atlantic steam flouring mill, which stands upon the site of a former one, de- stroyed by fire on February 13, 1875, owes its erection to G. W. Norton and A. A. Lincoln, doing business under the firm name of G. W.Norton and Company, who erected the present structure the same year. The building is 36x65 feet on the ground, two and one-half stories high, with a basement beside. The machinery is of the most approved modern pattern and make. It has three run of buhrs, and a capacity of making about one hundred and seventy-five barrels daily. Patent, Fancy, and Half-patent flour is made at the mill. In 1883^ the mill property was pur&based by Heitman and Rapp, the present proprietors, for $18,000. The planing mill was built in 1878, by Hamilton and Martin who sold it, after three years time to E. E. Zinn and Com- pany, who disposed of it to O'Bryan and Watts, the present proprietors. The building they occupy is 42x32 feet in size, in the main part with an addition 24x40 feet, and an engine room 12x42 feet in size. The engine which furnishes the motive power for all their machinery is a good one of some fifteen horse power. Volney O'Bryan may be classed among the early settlers of Atlantic, as he came here in the early part of 1869. He is a native of Vermont, having been born in Middlebury, Addison county, on the 1st day of February, 1827. Here ' he was reared, and received liis education in the common schools. When quite young he commenced the acquirement of the car- penter's trade, and having learned it, started to travel in the south. He went to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1860, and was engaged in contracting and building when the war broke out. He lost by it everything he had accumulated, selling even his tools. In the spring of 1869, he came to Atlantic, and was soon afterward appointed postmaster, under Grant's ad- ministration. He held the position for eight years. After leaving the postoflSce, he went six miles northeast of Atlantic, and laid out the town of Lorah. There he built a store, and embarked in the mer- cantile business. Returning to Atlantic, he purchased a lumber yard, in January, 1882, which he sold to Lamsou and Dierk- son. In 1884, he commenced his present business, in the planing mill. He was married in Canada, in 1857, to Amelia C. Hall. They have had three children, none of which are now living. Mr. and Mrs. O'Bryan are members of the Methodist church. The business of manufacturing cigars -¥ At< ® 1^ 880 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. in Atlantic dates from 1873, when Mr. Thomas established himself in that line. He operated but a short time. Shields Brothers instituted their busi- ness in the fall of 1875, and have built up a fine trade. They give employment to twelve or fifteen men nearly all the time. The Atlantic canning factory was erect- ed in 1882, by a company composed of S. F, Martin, J. A. McWaid and R. D. Wilkin. It is complete in all its details, and consists of a main building 40x1 dO feet in size, two stories high; cooling shed 40x20 feet in area; wareroom 42x20 feet, and a brick boiler room 18x30 feet. The latter contains an engine of twenty-five horse power. The entire plant cost about $10,000. During the packing season they give employment to from seventy-five to one hundred hands, both men and women, and during the season of 1883, put up 210,000 packages, and in 1884, 450,000. In 188;-!, Messrs. Martin and McWaid pur- chased the interest of R. D. Wilkin, and are now operating the business. This is one of the leading industries of the place, and a great benefit to the working class, who can find employment during the sum- mer months. J. A. McWaid was born in Logan coun- ty, Ohio, on the Tth day of March, 1836, his parents being Samuel and Clarinda (Gilliland) McWaid, natives of Ohio. Samuel McWaid was a blacksmith by trade, and followed the business for many years. In 1854 he came to Iowa, and at present resides in Linn county. J. A. McWaid was reared on a farm, and re- ceived a common school education. In 1856 he removed to Cedar county, Iowa, where he engaged in farming. In 1857 he was married, in Cedar county, to R. E. Todd, a native of Ohio. In January, 1869, he came to Atlantic, Cass county, and formed a partnership with J. H. Needles, in agricultural implements, and black- smith, wagon and carriage building, which continued for eight years, the firm name being Needles and McWaid. At the ex- piration of the partnership, Mr. McWaid erected a building on Chestnut street and again engaged in the implement busi- ness, which he run for three yeara, then selling to Mr. Newlon. In 1882, he superintended the erection of the Atlantic packing house and the Atlantic canning factory, in both of which enterprises Mr. McWaid was largely interested. He is also the possessor of six hundred acres of fine land, which is run as a stock farm. Mr. and Mrs. McWaid are the parents of seven children — Ida M., Rosa B., Callie, Ella, Minnie, Mabel and Willie A. Mr. McWaid is one of the live business men of Atlantic, and has done much in build- ing the city up to its present prosperous condition. He is a member of the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows. The first blacksmith in the city of At- lantic was J. H. Needles, who opened a shop on Third and Walnut streets, in Jan- uary, 1869. He was followed shoittly after, in 1870, by A. C. Tharp. The latter is now at Wiota. This business has "several able repre- sentatives in the town, among whom are P. J. Snouffer, J. H. Needles, Fred. Her- mann, Jacob Hunt, August Mafs and Pel- litier and Smith. Among those who are engaged in indus- trial pursuits in Atlantic is F. J. Snouffer, -%. ^1 ^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 881 who carries on the business of wagon and carriage manufacturing on Walnut street, between Second and Third. On the 16th of August, 1877, he opened up the busi- ness, his means at that time being very limited. But energy and perseverance brought, in his case, their just reward, and he now has a business of which he may well be proud. His wagon is known as the "Atlantic wagon." He manufac- tures twenty wagons an d fifteen buggies and spring wagons per year, besides his repair work. His shop is 50x106 feet in ground area, and in this shop he gives employment, on an average, to seven workmen. Mr. F. J. Snouffer was born in Frederick county, Maryland, on the 2d day of February, 1836, his parents being John and Sarah Snouffer. In the year 1848 his parents removed to Mont- gomery county, Indiana, near Crawfords- ville. When F. J. had reached the age of sixteen years, he was apprenticed to the trade of wagon and carriage-making atCrawfordsville. He spent three years in learning the trade, receiving his board and clothes for his work. He then work- ed at various places until the war began to draw into the army all of a patriotic nature, and, and he enlisted and served as teamster. He was soon afterward de- tailed as blacksmith at Pittsburg Land- ing. After the war he resumed bis trade. In 1874 he came to Atlantic, and he has since made his residence here, and builf himself up in business as before stated. He was married in 1861, Miamitown, Ohio, to Anna Jones. They had three children, two of whom are now living. The names of the latter are William A. and Edward E. Mr. Snouffer's progress in business has been due solely to his own endeavors, and he has cause to feel proud of his success. HOTELS. On the 20th of September, 1868, work was commenced on a hotel, by F. H. Whitney, on the site of the present Rey- nolds House. This was finished by the first of November, and occupied by John Bennett and Son. In December, 1869, the building was purchased by John R. Reynolds, who was then running a lum- ber yard here, and who, in the spring fol- lowing, took the place in which he has figured ever since, that of host of the hotel, then known as the Atlantic House. In the summer of 1870, the name was changed to Reynolds House, which it bears at the present moment. The pioneer hotel was a frame structure, and but small, and as the town grew, large additions were made as occasion required. In 1882, Mr. Rey- nolds commenced the erection of the fine brick hotel, that has taken the place of the old one. This edifice consists of a main building 33x65 feet on the ground and three stories high, an L, 33x62 feet in size, also three stories high, and a frame addition, part of the old house, 32x22 in ground areaj two stories high. The building cost $17,000, and contains fifty-five large, airy sleeping rooms, a din- ing room, one of the finest in this section of the Slate, thirty-three feet square, an oflSce sixty-three feet long and for thirty feet, eighteen feet wide, and the balance of the distance thirty-three feet wide, and a kitchen 24x26 feet, with a cellar under all. The house is newly fur- nished, fitted up with all tha modern con- veniences, contains a full system of elec- .^le- ^ » "4* 882 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. trio bells and fire alarm, and is run in the interests of the traveling puhlic. The cuisine is excellent, and Mr. Reynolds and his son, Charles M., who is clerk, endeavor to make their guests at home and com- fortable in every way. Among the prominent business men of Atlantic, perhaps there is none that has had a wider range of experience or a larger circle of friends, than John R. Rey- nolds, the genial landlord of the Reynolds House. A son of Elisha P. and Betsy (Stewart) Reynolds, he was born in Wash- ington county, Vermont, on the 28th day of December, 1825. His parents were natives of New York State, but who had removed to the "Green Mountain State." They had a family of twelve children, six of whom were boys. Mr. Reynolds, the elder, was an officer in the American army during the war of 1812-15, and commanded a company at the battle of Plattsburgh, and was of the prominent men of his day, and a staunch Jefferson and Jackson Democrat. He was elected to the office of sheriff of his county, and to other local offices. He died in Decem- ber, 1837, and his wife in 1843. John R. Reynolds was reared upon a farm, receiv- ing his education at the district schools of his native county, and three years spent at the seminary, at Montpelier. When he had attained the age of twenty- one, he removed to Hopkinton, Massachu- setts, where he remained six years, en- gaged in the boot and shoe business. But being of a roving turn of mind, this was too tame for him, so in 1852, he started for California, going by way of Central America and up San Juan river. In the Golden State he remained some three years, engaged in mining for the auriferous metal. He then returned to the StateSjby way of New Orleans, and thence up the river to Alton, Springfield and Rock Island, locating in the latter town, where he lived for fourteen years. While this was his home, however, the old roving spirit would come over him and he made another trip to Califor- nia and Oregon, traveling over a large amount of country in the^tter Territory. He came home and has had a large share in the construction of railroads through- out this section of the country. At the time of the construction of the bridge at Davenport, and the building of the Chica- go, Rock Island and Pacific railroad from the Mississippi to DesMoineSjhe furnished a large amount of material. He was also a contractor on the Racine and Mississippi railroad, and a large contractor on the Union Pacific, building a hundred miles , of that road from Omaha out, and em- ploying as high as 2,000 men. In 18(32, he made another trip to the West, and led a train through from Omaha to Ore- gon. He took the train through unex- plored country more than 480 miles of which was unknown ground, being the first white man to traverse the wild region. In ISe'?, he again was contracting, in com- pany with his brother, Elisha P. Rey- nolds. In 1869 he came to Atlantic, and entered into the lumber business, in which he remained one year, when he entered upon his present business. He built the Griswold branch of the C, R. I. and P. railroad. He has largely instrumental in building up the town of Atlantic and has been a member of the city council and of the school board of the Independent dis- "^^ -aPv '^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 883 trict. He was married in Rock Island on the 20th of September, 1853, to Caroline E. Bennett, a daughter of Hazard E. Ben- nett, one of the first settlers of Rook Island, but now a resident of Atlantic. By this union there has been four chil- dren, two boys and two girls. Mr. Rey- nolds is a member of Trio Masonic lodge, Rock Island. « In IS'Tl, the Park House building was built, or part of it, for a hotel, but before it was finished it was deemed inexpedient to open it as such, and the building stood idle for awhile, when, -it was rented by the county, at a rental of $1,200 per an- num and used by them as a court house, the old building on the opposite corner proving inadequate to the needs of the county. It was used as such until 1882, ■when the court house having been com- pleted it stood idle foi awhile, when it passed into the hands of theKeyes estate, ■who made large additions and improve- ments, and it was rented by David A. Williams, the present proprietor. The edifice, a fine imposing one of Milwaukee brick, is 75x1 15 feet in ground area, and three stories high, and contains forty sleeping apartments. The Atlantic House was erected in the summer of 1870 by L. Anderson, who was the proprietor of the same for eight years. The Occidental House, of Atlantic, was erected in 1878. It is a three story frame structure, 70x70 in ground area, and cost 17,765. E. O. Hoyt erected the building and conducted the same until the spring of 1881, when he disposed of the property to R. M. Pearson, who sold the same to Charles Treede in November, 1884. Richard M. Pearson was born in Penn- sylvania, August 1, 1833, and is the son of Richard and Mary (March) Pearson, natives of Maryland. His father was a pioneer of Iowa, being among the first to enter land in all the great Hawkeye State, having settled in Clayton county in 1837, in which county he was judge of the pro- bate court for eight years. He died De- cember 23, 1883. Mr. Pearson's mother died in December, 1881, at the advanced age of eighty-eight. The subject of this sketch came to Clayton county, Iowa, with his parents when six years of age, which at that time was an unbroken wilderness, inhabited by the red man. Hfe remained here until May, 1874, growing to manhood and witnessing the settlement and devel- opment of that country, when he came to Atlantic, where he has since resided. He was married in 1852 to Eliza Bockover, to whom two children were born — Ella and Ida. His wife died December 25,1 858. He was again married to Annetta Bock- over, a sister of his first wife, by whom there has been four children born — Cora, Duey, and Tinney and Minnie, twins. Mr. Pearson was alderman of Atlantic for four years and in politics is a "dyed in the wool" Democrat. The Pacific House was built by a farmer named Everett, just after the Atlantic House was completed. W. A. Woodworth operated this hotel for some time. It afterward passed into the hands of Henry Moeller, the present proprietor, who changed the name to Commercial House. The City Hotel was removed from Grove City to Atlantic in 1869, by James Tumbleson. It has had a large number of landlords, and at present is conducted i^ 884 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. by Eli Spry.. At an early day it was classed among the best hotels of Atlantic. A write-up of this building occurs in the history of Grove City. George Weber, landlord and proprietor of the Farmer's Hotel, in Atlantic, pur- chased his house of Hen sen and Dierk- son, in December, 1882. The building was erected by a man named Goodale, for a grocery store, and was first opened as a hotel by Hensen and Dlerkson, in March, 1875. The main building is of brick, and its dimensions are twenty-two by forty feet. It has a frame addition on the west, forty by sixteen feet, and another upon the north, forty by fourteen feet. The house contains accommodations for lodging about forty guests. He has almost the entire patronage of the farmers in this vicinity, and averages daily about sixty guests for dinner, frequently feeding as many as two hundred at that meal. Mr. Weber was born and reared in Ste- phenson county, Illinois. His parents were natives of Germany. His father, Jacob Weber, died in Illinois. His mother is still living in Stephenson county, at the advanced age of seventy-seven years. George- Weber came to Atlantic in 1874, and purchased a farm in Union township, which he still owns, and on which he re- sided until he engaged in his present bus- iness. He was married to Lydia Ann Lang, a native of Stephenson county, Illi- nois. They have five daughters. ATLANTIC WATBB WORKS. One of the works of which Atlantic can well be proud, is the water-works, and which, from its inception to its comple- tion, demanded all the pluck and energy of the best business men of the city. The works, which are of the Holly system, are complete in every respect. It became apparent, a few years ago, that the supply of water was wholly inadequate for even domestic purposes, and the want of the proper amount of that element, in cases of conflagration, disastrous; so means were taken to provide against this, and the first step was the formation or a com- pany, for the purpose of building the works. A corporation was formed in 1882, with a capital of 1 100,000, and the work commenced under the supervision of J. R. Reynolds, and in October of that year was completed and put in operation. The company have a fine brick building just east of town, in a loop of Troublesome creek. This edifice is 60x36 feet in size, 16 feet high, and contains the necessary machinery. This consists of a Holly Quadruplex engine and pump, that has a capacity of raising two million gallons of water every twenty-four hours, and, in case of stress, this can be reinforced by a duplex pump of the same manufacture, with a capacity of one million gallons in a full day. The power to drive the silent but powerful engines is derived from two Holly boilers, each sixty inches in di- ameter and sixteen feet long. For some time after its completion, the water sup- ply was taken from the creek, but that stream in times of rain becoming turbid, and the filters not working satisfactorily, drive wells were put down all over the bottom, and connecting them together with a spider, they were put under the control of the engine, and now furnish the city with clear, fresh water. In case of fire, or any other great demand for this "^?s ;^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 885 .k element, connection can still be made with the creek, and the water sent through the mains. The company has now down five and a half miles of mains throughout the city, varying in size from four to sixteen inches in diameter. J. W. Love and C. S. Man- ville are the engineers in charge of the works, and are faithfully found at their post throughout the hours of their duty. The works are connected with the city by electric alarms, so that in case of any sudden demand for water, it can be fur- nished. The corporation is officered, at present, by J. C. Yelzer, president; Lafay- ette Young, secretary, and W. A. Wilken, superintendent. The outlay has met with the bearty appreciation of the people of the community, and is one of the boasts of this flourishing, active, go-ahead town of Atlantic. J. W. Love was born in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, January 6, 1846, and is a son of Robert and Eliza J. (Crooks) Love. His father is a native of Pennsylvania, and his mother of Ohio. In 1876 his father came to Cass county, Iowa, where he remained until 1883, when he removed to Beedle county, Dakota. When sixteen years of age the subject of this sketch be- gan engineering in his father's saw mill, which he followed until twenty-two years of age, when he spent seven and a half years in a planing mill. He then went to Butler county, Pennsylvania, where he took up engineering again, which he fol- lowed until he came to Atlantic in 1879, where he is at present engaged as en- gineer of the water works. He was mar- ried, September 8, 1869, to Sarah E. Hann, who was born in Mercer county, Pennsyl- vania, November 16, 1846. By this union there has been three children — Mary M., Nellie F. and Harry P. Mr. Love is a member of the A. O. U. "W., I. K. of H., and A. F. and A. M. societies. Charles S. Manville was born in St. Clair county, Michigan, September 6, 1857. He is a son of Charles S. and Ada- line (Burney) Manville, who at present reside in Toledo, Ohio. Mr. Manville is sailing on the lakes, an occupation be has followed since he was thirteen years of age. Charles S. went with his parents to Toledo in 1866, and when twenty years of age entered the brass works and ma- chine shops of Wolcutt and Row. In May, 1879, he came to Atlantic where he has since resided, being employed by S. M. Childs and Company, and afterward by Yetzer and Rapp, while at present he is employed by the City Water Works company. He was married February 24, 1880, in Atlantic, to Bessie Haley. They have two children— Charles F. and William J. vs^hitnet's block. Among the ornaments of the city of At- lantic, there is none that deserves mention more than the building known as the "Whitney Block." This is a magnificent three story brick building situated on the east side of Chestnut street, between Fourth and Fifth streets. The building covers two lots, making a frontage of fifty feet and extending back to a depth of one hundred feet. The first story is all in one room, 50x100 feet, and is occu- pied as a retail boot and shoe store, and a grocery store. The story is eighteen feet between floors. The second story has been fitted for occupancy, and a number ^ A?= 886 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. of grand rooms for offices may be found there, among which is the Knights of Pythias Lodge. In the third story is the Masonic Hall, a description of which ap- pears elsewhere. The front of the build- ing, while being plain is grand and im- posing. The style of the architecture is what is called the Queen Anne and which is Modernized Classic. The street en- trance to the Masonic Hall is very bold and consists of heavy cut piers, solid moulded bases and solid stone caps with stone frieze in which is engraved "Ma- sonic Hall." The balance of the first story is of plate glass of very large size. The front above is built of the best quality of St. Louis pressed brick, laid in black mortar with steel joints and oiled. The front is trimmed with cut stone and gal- vanized iron. These are pilasters extend- ing from the top of the first story to the cornice. These have Corinthian caps. There are two moulded heavy belt courses. The main cornice is a cantetil- ever cornice and very massive. In the center is a gable, in the tympanum of which are placed, "F. H. Whitney's Block, 1882," in raised letters and gilded. This gable is surmounted by a flag-staff fifteen feet high, with a gilded copper ball on the top. Above the cornice is a paneled Jbalustrade four feet high, with moulded paneled pedestals and on them classic vases. The windows for the front, above the first story, are nine feet wide,, and those for the upper story, or Masonic Hall are fourteen feet high, and have semi-circular tops, with stone transom rail and cap with key-stones. The en- trance to the upper story is enclosed by a handsome iron gate secured by a padlock. This gate is painted a bronze green and the points gilded. The glass for the front side are entirely of the best English pol- ished plate, except for the transom lights. These are of ornamental stain cathedral hammered glass of appropriate designs. The height of the front of the building above the sidewalk is sixty-five feet, and it presents a lofty appearance, being as sightly as any building in the city, not ex- cepting the new court house. The entire building and lots cost but little less than $35,000. Bacon's Opera House, which is located on the corner of Fifth and Poplar streets, was erected in 1880, by H. E. Bacon, A. A. Hubbard and E. Simmons Before its completion, however, Mr. Bacon, pur- chased the interests of his partners, be- coming sole owner. It was finished and thrown open to the public on the 20th of September, and was dedicated- by John Dillon, in "Electric Light." The edifice is 47x100 feet in size, built of brick, and is architecturally an imposing structure. It has a seating capacity of 600, with a stage 32x44 feet in size, well equipped with scenery and curtains. The audito- rium is supplied with folding opera chairs and is well lighted and ventil- ated. Mr. Bacon, the proprietor, has been prominently identified with the county in official capacity, and has been, already, mentioned in that connection. POST OFFICE. The Atlantic Post Office was established in 1868, with S. T. McFadden, as post- master. He was succeeded in 1870, by V. O'Brien, who held the office for eight years. H. A. Disbrow was next post- master, being appointed in 1879, who ^1 y^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 887 r served until the appointment of L. F. Mullins, in June, 1883, the present in- cumbent. Captain L. F. Mullins, postmaster of Atlantic, is a native of Kentucky, being born in that State, October 10, 1839. He is a son of Jonathan and Lucy (West) Mullins, the former being a native of Tennessee and the latter of Alabama. The subject of this sketch was reared upon a farm in Kentucky, and when about ten years of age, 1849, went with his parents to Marion county, Iowa, where he remained until July, 1862, when he enlisted in Company C, Twenty-second Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and in the fall of 1863 was mustered in as captain, at New Orleans, whicb position he held until the close of the war. He served in a number of prominent battles and was wounded May 22, 1863, at the assault on Vicksburg, Mississippi, and again at Ce- dar Creek, Virginia, October 19, 1864, spending ^ve months in the hospital at Vicksburg, Mississippi, and Memphis, Tennessee. He was mustered out at Sa- vannah, Georgia, in August, 1865, and returned to his home in Marion county, Iowa, where he was married November 5, 1867, to Elizabeth J. Simpson, of Indi- ana. They have one child — Ulysses S. In 1876, he removed to Cass county, Iowa, and settled in Benton township, where he improved a farm. At the meeting of the Seventeenth General As- sembly of Iowa, he was appointed ser- geant-at-arms of that body and served one term, after which he returned to his home in Benton township, and in the fall of 1879, was elected to the office of sheriff of the county and was re-elected to the office again in 1881. On the 5th of June, 1883, he resigned his position as sheriff to fill an appointment as postmaster. He is a man of sterling good qualities and very popular throughout the entire county. OTHEK PEOMINENT CITIZENS. Among the other prominent and influ- ential business men and citizens of the city of Atlantic are the following named, taken at random as the best representa- tion of the class of people who go to make up the population of this enterprising city: Henry Lowry, a prominent citizen of Atlantic, is now retired from the duties of an active business life. He is a native of Ireland, born in County Down, in August, 1822. He removed to Belfast, where he was employed by his brother as clerk and book-keeper. In June, 1848, he joined the organization known as the "Protestant Repeal Association," which advocated a home rule doctrine for Ire- land. That organization was suppressed and its leaders, John Mitchell, Smith O'Brien and T. Francis Meagher were transported. Subsequently Mitchell and Meagher made their escape, the former as is well known, was a southern sympath- izer during the war of the Rebellion, and Meagher was a gallant soldier in the Union Army. Mr. Lowry came to the United States in 1849, landing in New York. He at once went to Philadelphia, thence to Pittsburg, and then to St. Louis, thus traveling about in search of em- ployment. From St. Louis' he went to Alton, Illinois, and it being abso- lutely necessary that he should do some- thing on account of the depleted con- es >^ J, .k 888- HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY, dition of his purse, he engaged in working at carpentering. He had not learned the trade, but his father having been a mechanic, he had acquired a familiarity with the use of tools, and was soon able to learn the business. He was naturally of a mechanical turn of mind, and in an incredibly short time was master of the trade, became a contractor and builder, and succeeded in business to a remarkable degree. He continued in this business until he came to Mills county, Iowa, in 18(57. The first land he owned was in Green county, Illinois, for which he paid five dollars per acre. He made a practice of investing the money earned in real estate, and from the advance in such property, made considerable money. He exchanged his lands in Illinois, for lands in Iowa, in 1865, owning at one time about two thousand acres. In 1871 he came to Cass county, and since that time has lived in Atlantic. He now owns a farm of two hundred and eighty acres, in Pymosa township, and a beautiful home in the city of Atlantic. Mr. Lowry was married in June, 1876, to Mrs. Sarah E. (Sheldon) Taylor, who was born in the town of Greene, Monroe county, New York, in 1835. She removed to Boone county, Illinois, with her parents in 1838. Mr. Lowry as a business man, has been quite successful. He came from the hardy race of the North of Ireland, and inherits the strong common sense, posi- tive opinions, and the strict integrity of that people. Terry Cavenaugh, who is now retired from active business life, came to Cass county in 1861, locating at Grove City. He bought a farm near that village,which he improved, and on which he lived about seven years, then sold out and engaged in drawing goods for the merchants of Lewis and Grove City, from DesMoines, Nevada and other more eastern points in the State. He also hauled goods from the same points for the first merchants of Atlantic. He subsequently engaged in farming near Grove City, and in 1874, commenced merchandising in Atlantic, following that business for several years. He is now living a retired life, although he has land interests in Dakota, and spends considerable of his time in that territory. He was born in the north of Ireland, and came to the United States in June, 1840. He lived in Franklin coutity, New York, for several years, then went to Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, and thence to this county. His wife was Mary MeKabe, also a native of Ireland They were married in the State of New York, and have three children — Henry, Terry and Barney. His oldest son, Jolan, served in the late war, and was taken prisoner, and died at Andersonville. He first en- listed in the Second Infantry, and served until sometime in 1862, when he was dis- charged and enlisted iu the Seventh Wis- consin Cavalry. James Pugh was born in Highland county, Ohio, on the 4th day of October, 1834. While James was still a small boy, his parents removed to Hardin county, where he grew to manhood, and received his education in one of the old style log cabins. He is a son of Eli and Mary Pugh, who emigrated from Vir- ginia in an early day, being among the pioneers of Highland county, Ohio. When they moved into Hardin county. iv ^ '^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 889 they settled in a dense forest, and cleared up a farm, where Mr. Pugh died in 1880, at the advanced age of eighty-seven years. His wife is now over ninety-two years of age, and is still .living in Hardin county, Ohio. They lived together as man and wife for sixty-eight years, and are the parents of eight children, five of whom are still living. Outside of the death of Mr. Pugh, there has been no death in the family for over forty-six years. Mr. Pugh, Sr., was a local preacher in the Methodist Episcopal church'^and a class leader over fifty-seven years. James Pugh, in 1857, left his native State and went to Indiana. In 1862 he enlisted in com- pany G, Sixty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry, as a private, but soon afterward was promoted to duty sergeant, and the 9th day of August, 1863, was again promoted to first lieutenant, and trans- ferred to company D, One Hundred and Seventeenth regiment. The following October he was placed upon the staff ot General O. B. Wilcox. He was in a num- ber of engagements, and was wounded in one of the running fights, in East Tenn- essee. In February, 1864, he was dis- charged on account of his wounds, and went to Indianapolis, Indiana, where he engaged in carpentering. He was mar- ried on the 14th day of May, 1863, to Hatlie A. Pugh, of Wolcott, Indiana, a daughter of Henry Pugh. They have three children — Charley, Franklin and Jessie F. In 1869, he came to Atlantic, where he secured the reputation of being one of the best carpenters in the city. In 1876, he established the Northwestern Journal, which he published for one year. In 1880, he was elected justice of the peace, and in 1883 was elected mayor of the city of Atlantic, giving a very satis- factory administration, which was above criticism. He was general superintend- ent of the poultry department of the Cass county fair, in 1884, and has always exhibited an active interest in the fairs. He is a Master Mason, a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and of the Grand Army of Republic. Mr. Pugh has been an ardent supporter of the temperance cause for the past twenty- five years, and has never been intoxicated in his life. Harley Soper, one of the old residents of Cass county, is a native of Canada, having been born near Brookville, on the 29th of September, 1813, and is the son of Timothy and Dorcas (Williams) Soper. He was reared upon a farm, and on account of the crude state of society at that early day, received but a limited education. He grew to manhood in the place of Bis nativity, and upon the 13th of April, 1 835, he was united in marriage with Parmelia Bullis, and by this union, there have been seven children, three sons and four daughters — Cora A., Maria D., Adeline P., Leonard H. W., Arretta D., Holmes A. and Loren D. In 1855 the family moved from Canada, and came to the United States, settling near Gales- burg, Knox county, Illinois, where he re- mained until 1859, when he came to Cass county. This wa^then a wild and sparsely settled country, and Mr. Soper selected a farm in Atlantic township, and soon put up a cabin thereon, to shelter hie family, and installed them in it. This farm he sold in 1879, and then removed to At- lantic, wjiere he at present resides, and is 1^ rif- -C 890 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. ranked among the self-made, moneyed men of the community. M. B. Hubbell was born in Meigs county, Ohio, on the 18th day of May, 1827, and is the son of Abijah and Lu- cretia (Morrill) Hubbell, the former a native of New York, the latter of Boston, Massachusetts, When his parents were young people, they moved west to Ohio,- and located in Meigs county, where they became acquainted and were married. They were among the earliest settlers of that section, locating in the heavy timber, where they had to hew out a home, as it were, from the depths of the forest. In 1836, the family moved to Elkhart county, Indiana, where they resided until 1854, when they came to Iowa, locating in Dela- ware county, where the old people both died, the mother in February, 1861, and the father in the year following. Mr. Hubbell, the elder, was a member of the Adventist denomination, in his latter days, although a Campbellite preacher in his earlier days. He filled the pulpit for over forty years, and being a man of great iflemory and oratorical powers, was widely known throughout the section of the country where he labored. M. B. Hubbell was reared upon a farm, and received his education in the log school house that reared its rugged walls within three miles of his fathers cabin, going along a path marked by "blazing" the trees in the forest. Herejiegrew to man- hood, and in 1848, was united in marriage with Nancy McCrory, by whom be had nine children — Mervin A., Emily J., wife of G. W. Bales, of Dexter, Dallas county; Alice, wife of William Sherk, of Cass county; Ella, wife of Samuel Petty, Grant township; Mitlie, widow of A. L Barnhart, who was killed while building the packing house in Atlantic; James M., Colonel E., both in Atlantic; Mar- gery and Ira O. In 1854, he left Indiana, and moved to Delaware county, journey- ing the entire distance by team. He opened up a new farm in the place of his location, and has the credit of raising the largest crop of wheat ever raised in that county, fifty-five bushels to the acre. In 1865 he removed to Audubon county, and in 1877, to Cass county, where he has since resided. Mr. Hubbell is a practical farmer, in every respect, but does but little at it now. He is one of the promi- nent and influential citizens of Atlantic, where he makes his home. Caleb J. Vredenburg was born in Som- erstown, Putnam county, New York, March 1, 1815. His father was quite a prominent preacher in the Methodist Epis- copal church and died in Danville, Illi- nois. His mother was formerly Sarah Kniffin, and is also buried at Danville. When Caleb was young the family remov- ed to Fort Harrison, and in 1820, to Shaw- neetown, afterwards living in various parts of the country. In' 1834 Caleb com- menced life on his own account in Attica, Indiana. In 1845, he came to Iowa in company with John Ash, and assisted in building the State Capitol. In 1846, he returned to Illinois, and handled stock and engaged in various enterprises until 1872, when he came here and settled in Atlantic. In 1872 he was married to Cler- antha Hall. They have two children — Annie and Frank C. Pierce Maher, now a resident of Atlan- tic, may be classed among the early set- ^^M" ~~S) \ ' in. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 891 tiers of the county, he having settled in Brighton township in 1858. He was born in the county of Tipperary, Ireland, in 1830, and grew to manhood there. At the age of twerity-one he came to America, to take advantage of the excellent oppor- tunities offered to young men in this country. He arrived in New York City with but one dollar and a half in his pocket, but he had an abundant capital in his res- olution and willingness to work. He lo- cated in Montgomery county, Pennsylva- nia, where he went to work by the day. At the end of seven years spent in that locality, he determined to remove further west, and accordingly, October, 1858, found him in Brighton township, this county, where he began to work by the month. After working for others for some time, he found his accumulations amounted to enough to enable him to in- vest for himself, and he bought forty acres of land. To this he soon added eighty more, and then one hundred and sixty, and now he has three hundred and twenty acres of good land in Brighton and Wash- ington townships, all under cultivation and worth fifty dollars an acre. He car- ried on stock raising and feeding quite extensively, and has had as many as eight hundred hogs on his place at one time. Mr. Maher is at present retired from active pursuits, and is enjoying the fruits of a life of industry. He resides in this city, and has a fine brick residence, which was built at a cost of five thousand dollars. When the war broke out, his sympathies were with the Union, and in the fall of 1862, he enlisted in the Twenty-third Iowa. The regiment rendezvoused at Des Moines, and from there went to St. Louis. He was on gu^rd duty there until ordered to Fort Patton. There he remaii edsome eight months, and was then sent to Iron Mountain, Missouri. At the end of five months spent at the latter place, he was discharged for disability. In 1860 he went with the rush to Pike's Peak, where he spent the summer in the mines. Mr. ■ Maher was married while in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, to Bridget McHngo. They had one child — Mary E., who died at the age of eight years. Besides liis res- idence and outside interests, Mr. Maher has a residence property on Sixth street, valued at one thousand dollars. He is one of those who have built themselves up in the county. Lorenzo Anderson who has an exten- sive real estate and general collection agency business in Atlantic, is a native of Germany, born April 1, 1837. He left his native country in 1869, and came to Atlantic, June 9, 1870, and built the At- lantic House, of which he was proprietor eight years. He then built an oflice on the corner of Sfiventh and Chestnut streets, for the better accommodation of a rapidly increasing real estate business. From that beginning he has now a large trade, and has been instrumental in brijiging to this county from his native country many industrious and thrifty people. He was married in 1873, to Dora Schell, a native of Germany. They have three children — Emil, Laura and Alma. Simon E. Smith, secretary of the board of directors of the independent school dis- trict of Atlantic, was born in Yates county. New York, November 8, 1818. When about thirteen years of age, his parents moved to Steuben county. New York, ^ dA 892 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. where he was educated in the district schools. He was married in that county In 1842, to Lucy A. Aldrich, a daughter of Rufus and Mary (Smith) Aldrich, her father being a native of Long Island, and her mother of Massachusetts, who moved to Broom county, New York, at an early day. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are the parents of six living children — Alice A., Clara, Belle J., Hattie E., Minnie L. and Georgiana M. In 1844, Mr. Smith went to Park county, Indiana, where he re- mained three years, after which he re- moved to Montezuma, on the Wabash river, and later, came to Illinois. After a residence in Coles and Whiteside coun- ties, he went to Galva, Henry county, where he engaged in the harness business for several years, while his wife operated a dress-making and millinery establish- ment. In 1864, he came to Cass county, settling at Grove City, where he engaged in farming with his brother, purchasing two hundred acres of land, and residing here about ten years, when he came to At- lantic, where he has since resided. Mr. and Mrs. Smith and two daughters are members of the Baptist church. In early life, Mr. Smith was a Whig and cast a vote for William H. Harrison, but since the organization of the Republican party, has affiliated with the same. He always manifested an active interest in education, and has held the office of secretary for nine years, and 'has also been township clerk and held other local offices. Mr. Smith is one of the upright men of Atlan- tic, honest in all his dealings, and whose word can be relied upon in every instance. He has been identified with the county for twenty years, and has seen the wild prairies, where the former rude log cabin stood, transformed into beautiful farms, with magnificent residences and buildings. Rev. Julius Deokmann was born in Brooklyn City, New York, October 13, 1859, and is a son of Jacob and Mary (Brust) Deckmann, who were natives of Germany. He was educated at Fort Wayne, Indiana, and having decided to enter the ministry, took a course of in- struction at the Concordia Theological college, at Springfield, Illinois, from which institution he graduated in 1879, thus pre- paring himself for his chosen profession at an early age. In the fall of 1882 he came to Atlantic, and actively engaged in his ministerial duties. He is now the pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran church, and fills also three appointments outside the city. He is a young man of consider- able ability, a fluent speaker, and other- wise well qualified for the responsible position to which he has been called. He was married October 22, 1882, to Mary Wilkening. Rev. ■ Edward Gaule was born at Kil- kenny, Ireland, in the year 1847. He was educated, principally, at St. John's college, in Waterford. He came to the United States in 1869, and was ordained in Mil- waukee, at St. Francis' seminary. His first charge, after his ordination, was at Otter Creek, Jackson county, Iowa, where he remained about three months, after which he was stationed at the cathedral in Du- buque, for a short time, then went to Elk- port, Clayton county, Iowa, where he re- mained for six months; thence to Fort Madison in the same State. He remained at the latter place one and a half years, and came from there to Atlantic. In 1881, '.^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 893 he returned to Europe, visiting his native land, also England, France and Italy, stop- ping for some days at London, Paris, Bor- deaux, Lourdes, Florence and Rome. SOCIETIES. Pymosa Lodge, No. 271, A. F. and A. M. was organized under a dispensation granted by John Scott, the then Grand Master of the State of Iowa, on the even- ing of November 22, 1869. Seventeen brethren assembled, and proceeded to or- ganize the lodge. The following oiRcers were chosen and appointed: Wm. Wad- dell, W. M.; C. B. Osborn, S. W.; C. J. Wynkoop, J. W. ; D. H. Stafford, Treasu- rer; A. S. Churchill, Secretary; H. E. Gris- wold, S. D.; J. H. Needles, 'j. D.; S. M. Childs, S. S.; Chas. S.Nealley, J. S.; J. W. Winslow, Tyler. The Worshipful Masters of the lodge have been William Waddell, 1869 and 70; C. B. Osborn, 1870-71 and 72; D. F. Hawks, 1872-3; C. B. Osborn, 1873-4; C. F. Loofbourow, 1874-5-6 and 7 ; C. B. Osborn, 1877-8-9 and 80; R. G.Phelps, 1880-81 and 82; Lafayette Young, 1882-3 and 4. The to- tal membership, since the organization has been not far from two hundred, and there are now (1884) one hundred and seventeen members in good standing. Death has invaded their ranks several times, and made as many vacant places in the lodge. The brothers who having fin- ished their work'on earth, and have been called to another sphere, were William T. Walker, William Reynolds, Jr.-, R. S. Beatty, J. W. Montgomery and I. M. Verveer. This lodge is ia a highly prosperous condition and does most excellent work. They own the finest lodge rooms in this section of the State, if not in Iowa. The Telegraph, in January, 1883, has the fol- lowing description of it: "The Masonic Hall is in the new Whit- ney block and occupies the entire third story of that building. "The main lodge room is 30 feet wide and 24 feet and 4 inches long. The three stations are placed in their proper posi- tions, and are grand and imposing, hav- ing pilasters with moulded bases, fluted dies, paneled shafts, and foliated caps, with a classic entablature with dental cor- nice. The ceiling has a large cove over the entablature and panelled above, and in the center is a square dome 16x20 feet, in the center of which is a skylight 8x12 .feet, and in the center of that a round ventilator three feet in diameter. The skylight is made of galvanized iron, filled with fluted glass and is a grand feature in the hall. On either side of the hall are six large windows with transoms of ground glass, except for the transom lights, which are emblemetically stained glass of rich design. The finish for the doors and windows is of massive moulded architraves with panel keystones. The walls are wainscoted as high as the win- dow sills, and are grained oak and highly polished. The walls and ceiling are handsomely frescoed at a cost of $1,500. The ceiling and dome are sky blue stud- ded with gold stars. There is a roadway on two sides of the hall five feet wide, commencing at the reception room and extending to the rear corner of the hall. On the south side of the building is placed the banquet hall, 14x46 feet. This room is lighted on two sides, and is entered from the roadway. Adjacent to the ban- ^s r- i %* 894 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. quet hall and connecting with it is the kitchen, 10 feet 6 inches by 14 feet. The ante-room situated at the west of the hall is 15 feet 4 inches by 16 feet inches, and is connected with the hall by wide double doors. Adjacent to this, and also connecting with the hall by double doors is the preparation room, 9 feet 5 inches by 13 feet 6 inches. Off this room is a dark room and an examination room, which connects with the main stair hall, and whidfi^is 6 feet 6 inches wide. On the other side of the stair hall is the large re- ception room, 23 feet 6 u ches by 21 feet 6 inches. Adjacent to this room and communicating with it is a committee room 8 feet 3 inches by 1 3 feet 9 inches, and also the armory, 14 by 32 feet 6 ioches. The height of the hall and other rooms is 17 feet 6 inches and it is 26 feet to the top of the dome. "The whole suite of apartments above enumerated are finished in rich style, and are unsurpassed by rooms for similar pur- poses in Iowa. The Masonic fraternity have already ordered carpets costing over $500, and the whole furniture and fixtures for the rooms will cost $2,000, or more." Ophir Chapter, No. 84, Royal Arch Masons, was organized under a dispensa- tion, March 29, 1877, with the following list of charter members: William Wad- dell, D. F. Hawks, M. Kubn, C. S. New- Ion, M. Wingate, N. Richards, W. T. Walker, Alfred Green, D. H. Stafford and J. W. Scott. The first officers were Wil- liam Waddell, H.P.; D. F. Hawks, K.; M. Kubn, S.; D. H. Stafford, T.; J. W. Scott, Secretary; J. W. Brown, C. H.; C. S. Newlon, P. S.; M. Wingate, R. A. C; N. Richards, M. 3d V.; W. T. Walker, M. 2d v.; Alfred Green, M. Ist V. The following gentlemen have held the posi- tion of Most Eminent High Priest of this chapter since the organization: Wil- liam Waddell, two terms; C. B. Osborn, 1880-81; D. F. Hawks, 1881-2; C. S. New- lon, 1882-3, and Lafayette Young, 188B-4. The chapter started with but a few mem- bers but has prospered greatly and now numbers about seventy-five members, the first business men in the city of Atlantic. The officers for the present year, (1884) are as follows: C. S. Newlon, H. P.; J. M. Emmert, K; Alfred Green, S.; W. M. Nichols, T.; L. Anderson, Secretary; G. E.Pennell,C. H.; H. L. Frost, P. 8.; J. P. Jones, R. A. C; L. Young, G. M. 3d v.; H. S. Newlon, G. M. 2d V.; and Wil- liam Waddell, G. M. 1st V. Kedron Commandry, K. T., was insti- tuted, under dispensation. May 24, 1884, with the following charter members: William Waddell, Lafayette Young, George E. Pennell, Austin D. Hall, Moses Wingate, Cyrus S. Newlon, D. F. Hawks, J. M. .Emmert and A. A. Hubbard. Atlantic Lodge, No. 175, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was organized at Atlantic, July 30, 1869, by District Deputy Grand Master, W. L. Biggs, of Council Bluffs, under dispensation, with the following charter members: S. E. Huse, H. T. Jones, A. C. Tharp, John Bennett, William Reynolds, Jr. and J. K. Powers. Quite a number of members of the order from Lewis and Council liluffs were present to assist in the inauguration of the new lodge and the installation of the officers. These latter were: S. E. Huse, N. G.; John Bennett, V. G.; H. T. Jones, S.; William Reynolds, Jr., T.; A. C. J^ •-£* HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 895 Tharp, P. S. Since -that time the follow- ing have held the position of presiding officers of the lodge, in the order named: J. Bennett, H. T. Jones, J. K. Powers, F. W. Miller, W. B. Temple, J. H, Barn- well, H. E. Bacon, R. F. Bain, T. P. Bruington, G. W. Chambers, H. T. Dteker, C. H. Radley, E. C. Mills, Fred H. Mc- intosh, E. H. Buel, G. S. Treehouse, J. J. Harding, F. W. Scheel, Henry Moeller, W. H. Archer, John W. Foley, M. J. Stearns, L. G. Hesser, F. J. Murphy, A. D. Pine and W. F. Needham. This the oldest organization in the city, has had a most successful career, and now has a membership of over one hundred and twenty, and among whom are the first men of the city. The lodge owns the building wherein their hall is located,and which is valued at $10,000. It started with but a few charter members, and in a poor way, but by careful and economical management, it has become one of the strongest in this section of the State. John Bennett, W. Reynolds, Jr., both charter members, F. W. Miller, W. D. Frantz, Robert L. Jameson, Levi Smith, D. F. Gaylord and J. J. Harding, have died since the organization of this, and been admitted to the Higher Lodge. The charter was granted to this lodge, October 21, 1869. The officers for the present term are as follows: J. W. Allmann, N. G.; W. M. Lynch, V. G.; W. H. Archer, R. S.; Robert Shields, P. S.; Enos Sayers, T.; B. E. Harkins, R. S. N. G.; A. D. Pine, L. S. N. G.; H. C. Hansen, W.; Edgar Johnson, C; W. B. Martin, R. S. S.; C. Mendlekow, L. S. S.; M. B. Hay- wood, O. G.; A. B. Landet, I. G.; W. R. Wilds, R. S. V. G.; J. J. Harkness, L. S. V. G., and J. A. McWaid, W. B. Temple and Samuel Harlan, trustees. Their building, which they erected in 1881, is a good handsome brick one, twenty-five by ninety-five feet, ground area, two stories high, the first story being rented for store purposes, the upper used as a lodge room. The relief benefits of this lodge for the year 1883, amounted to $452. Cass Lodge, No. 361, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, dates its organi- zation from January 4, 1877, when it was opened with ten charter members. These were, T. R. Wallace, Fred Haver, H. J. Cavanaugh, S. E. Smith, T. E. Luccock, J. A. Kinney, H. A. Smith, J. D. Patton, J. M. Haver, D. G. Williams. The first officers were as follows: J. M. Haver, N. G.; J. A. Kinney, V. G.;,S. E. Smith, R. S.; H. J. Cavanaugh, P. S.; J. D. Pat- ton, T. The lodge meets every Thursday evening, and has a membership of about a hundred in good standing. Present officers: D. R. Love, N. G.; J. H. Willey, V. G.; F. P. H. Daly, R. S.; A. Block, P. S.; John L. Bean, T. Hawkeye Encampment No. 54, Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows, was duly instituted on the 14th of March, 1872, with the following charter members: J. K. Powers, H. T. Jones, J. J. Van Hou- ten, H. C. Dunning, H. Lichtenstein, W. B. Temple, F. S. Thomas, Samuel Harlan, M. H. Willetts, J. H. Willey, S. E. Huse, T. W. Miller and J. B. Conrady. The first officers of the Camp were the following mentioned: J. H. Willey, C. P.; J.K. Powers, H. P.; S.E. Huse.S. W.; W. B. Temple, S.; F. S. Thomas, T.; J. J. Van Houten, J. W. The -Eacampment kt*- -^.^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY, lK has had a very prosperous career, and now numbers some seventy-eight mem- bers. Thrice since its organization has death broken the mystic circle of its brotherhood, and taken from it three of its links. P. W. Miller, D. F. Gaylord and J. J. Harding, have been called on to take their places in the Upper Camp, and ..to receive a higher degree. The present officers are as follows: C. V. "Wilder, C.P.; J. E. Moreland, H. P., Amos Bye, S. W.; A. Block, R. S ; W. B. Martin, F. S.; H. T. Jones, T.; W. H. Sanders, J. W.; F. P. H. Daly, G.; J. L. Bean, 1st W.; I, D. Wise, 2d W.; R. Zook, 3d W.; H. Heyman, 4th W.; J. Hunt, I. S. Lotos Lodge, No. 87, Rebecca Degree, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was organized November 4, 1876, wih the fol- lowing charter members: E. C. Mills, Mrs. Ada Mills, Mrs. C. P. Willey, M. H. Willetts, Mrs. Mary E. Willetts, J. A. Kinney, Mrs. J. A. Kinney, C. H. Rai- ling, Mrs. C. H. Railing, J. T. Jones, H. F. S. Thomas. The present officers are: T. Jones, N. G.; Mrs. H. Heyman, V. G.; A. Block, Sec'y; Mrs. A. Block, Treas.; Mrs. M. H. Willetts, C; M. H. Willetts, W.; H. Heyman, I. G.; Fred Haver, O. G;; Mrs.F. Haver, L.S.N. G.; Eva Jones, R. S. V. G.; Mrs. T. Archer, L. S. V. G. Olive Branch Temple, No. 2, of the Patriarchal Circle, I. O. O. T. was estab- lished and instituted, in the fall of 1880, with the following charter members: H. T. Jones, A. Block, H. J. Cavanaugh, Fred Haver, John E. Moreland, Henry Moehler, F. W. Scheel, J. W1 Hutton, R. W. Day, George T. Marsh and J. H. Johnson. At the first meeting the follow- ing officers were installed by J. K. Powers, the District Deputy Supreme Ofacle: H, T. Jones, Venerable Oracle; Fred Haver, Oracle; P. W. Scheel, Vice Oracle; A. Block, Sec'y.; R. W.Day, Treas. After running a while in good shape, the Sover- eign Grand Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of the United States, made strong objections to the in- novation of this degree, or conclave, and passed stringent laws against its adoption, or continuance. It is however believed that the matter will be compromised, and the Circle adopted as a regular adjunct to the order. In the interim, 'Olive Branch Circle, like all others is at a stand still. Cass Lodge, No. 25, U. A. O. D., was organized October 1, 1884, with the fol- lowing officers: Frank- Havens, N. A.; John Wagner, Sr., V. A.; S. M. Jensen, P. A.; A. Block, Sec'y; John Wagner, Jr., Treas.; F. W. Turke, Conductor; John Shultz, I. G. The charter members were as follows: A. Block, John Schultz, Frank Havens, Henry Durr, Gus. Her- bert, John Wagner, Sr., John Wagner, jr., G. G. Hall, S. M. Jensen, Fred Saxe, Fred Herman, F. W. Turke, Joseph Moore, F. Litterst, Henry Smith, J. F. Harvey. This organization is beneficiary and has a membership in the State of two thousand. Upon the death of a member $2,000 is paid to the heirs. Samuel Rice Post, No. 6, Grand Army of the Republic, was organized on the 13 th of February, 1877, with the following charter members: H. E. Griswold, T. H. Hendrick, J. M. Haver, H. T. Jones, G. W. Norton, H. G. Curtis,- W. B. Temple, E. C. Mills, Robert F. Bain, H. K. Macom- ber, Thomas Green, J. F. Hanna and George S. Wedgewood. The first officers isr 4 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 897 chosen and appointed were as follows: H. E. Griswold, P. C; T. H. Hendricks, S. ■ V. C; J.M. Haver, J. V. C; H. K. Macom- ber, Surg.; H. G. Curtis, O. D ; G. W. Norton, Q. M.; W.B. Temple, O. G.; E. C. Mills, S. M.; R. T. Bain, Q. M. S.; H. T. Jones, Adjt. This organization has had a great success, and has now a member- ship of ninety comrades in good standing. The present offices are: Robert Major, P. C; John Moreland, S. V. C; George F. Dashell,J. V. C; James H. Vinson, O. D.; T. N. Bray, Adjt.; William Sherwood, S.; J. D. Wise, O. G.; F. P. H. Daly, Q. M. The Post meets the second and fourth Friday evenings of each month. Botna Lodge, No. 106, Ancient Order of United Workmen, was instituted on the 16th day March, 1877, with the fol- lowing charter members: O. B. Thomp- son, W. B. Temple, J. B. McGrew, J. T. Hanna, William Gordon, A. Kelsey, E. H. Buell, A. H. Copeland, E. C. Mills, J. M. Emmert, PI. A. Smith, D. McGrew, H. H. Winter, T. R. Wallace, M. H. Willetts, C. N. Watson and R. M. Pearson. The first officers of the lodge were: W. B. Temple, P. M. W.; J. M. Emmert, M. W.; E. H. Buell, F.; A. H. Smith, O.; E. C. Mills, Recorder; H. H. Winter, F. I. N ; D. McGrew, Receiver; T. R. Wallace, I. W.; J. Kelsey, O. W.; J. B. McGrew, R. M. Pearson and J. T. Hanna, Trustees. Since the date of its organization there has been a total membership of seventy- five members, and there are now fifty-six in good standing, and the lodge is in a prosperous condition. The present officers are: J. A, Taylor, P. M. W.; J. B. Jones, M. W.; A.Hamann, F.; C. C. Mendlekow, O.; T. G. Steinke, Receiver; C. E. Eyller, Financier; H. J. Cavanaugh, Recorder; John Bach, G.; L. Lbrenzen, I. W.; E. Linke, 0. W.; H. J. Cavanaugh, Robert Shields andL. Lorenzen, Trustees. THE GREAT WESTERN BAND. This musical organization is the out- growth of a band organized by H. T. Jones about fourteen years ago, and which was called the Atlantic cornet band. The fol- lowing were the first members of that or- gan ization : Frank Needham, John Strater, W. F. Needham, Rudolph Zuch, William Wile% Henry Moeller, Henry Jacob^on, Robert Bain, Benjamin Wiseman and H. T. Jones, leader. The band continued under this organization, with the excep- tion of a few changes in membership, until July 1, 1880, when it was reorgan- ized and christened the Atlantic Opera Band, with a membership as follows: N. K. Aldrich, J. W. Love, H. T. Jones, F. E. Whipple, Henry Jacobson, Henry Moeller, Rudolph Zuch, D. W. Disbrowj A. D. McCall, M. W. Sauerbrumm, R. F. Bain and N. K. Aldrich, leader. Not long after the reorganization of the Opera Band, they were mustered into the ser- vice of the Iowa National Guards, and were then known as the Third Regiment band, with J. W. Love, leader. In March, 1883, they were mustered out, and on the 19th of that month a reorgan- ization was again effected, and the band was then incorporated, under the laws of Iowa, as the "Great Western Band, of Atlantic, Iowa," which name it still sustains. The officers of this incorporation at present are: J. W. Love, president and musical director; H. T. Jones, business manager, secretary and treasurer; the membership and roster is T- rr 898 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. as follows: J. M. Haver, dram major; J. W. Love, Ist Eb; N. K. Aldrich, 2d Eb; Henry Jacobson, Ist Bb clarinet; H, T. Jones, solo alto; Henry Moeller, 1st alto; E. V. Burke, solo baritone; R. Zucb, 1st tenor; W. G. Wiles, 2d tenor; Marcus Kennels, Bb bass; A. D. McCall,Eb tuba; M. W. Sauerbrumm, baas drum; R. F. Bain, snare drum. This organization haVe the honor of being the only incor- porated band in the State of Iowa. They have by untiring labor and eificienoy of purpose, accumulated property to the amount of . |2,800, are entirely out of debt and in a flourishing condition. The honors and reputation received by this band as being one of the best in the State, are largely due to Fred Haver, now a res- ident of California, who was not only a skilled major, but understood military tactics thoroughly. PKESS. The first newspaper printed in Atlantic was the Oass County Messenger, by H. C. Johnson, who removed his office from Lewis in the spring of 1869. The paper is now called the Atlantic Messenger, the publisher being J. H. WiHey. The sec- ond paper was called the Daily Free Press and was established in the summer of 1869 by Upham and Sibley, E. O. Up- ham being the editor. In July or August, 1870, the paper suspended. In February, 1871, Lafe Young established the Atlantic Telegraph, which he continues to publish. In the spring of 1876, a new cylinder press and steam engine were put into the office. In May, 1874, D. M. Harris, estab- lished a Democratic paper called the Cap Sheaf, which he conducted until the fall of 1875,- when he sold the office to J'ames Pugh, who started a temperance paper called the Northwestern Journal. The Journal lived until the spring of 1876, when it was suspended. Shortly after the suspension of the Journal, the ma- terial was used in reviving the Cap Sheaf, by J. A. Crawford and others. The revived paper lasted but a few weeks. December 1, 1876, Goldie Brothers and Collins took possession of the office and started the Atlantic Democrat, with Charles Collins as editor, which lived just three months. In August, 1880, the Cass County Democrat was founded by Charles F. Chase, who is running it yet. Several other papers have been run here, all of which are noted at length in the Press chapter, ir an earlier part of this book. S. E. lluse was the first justice of the peace, being appointed in 1869. He held the office but a short time. At the general election in October, 1869, Atlantic won the county seat, from Lewis. The vote stood for Atlantic, 618; for Lewis, 275; majority in favor of At- lantic, 343. The county offices were moved from Lewis to Atlantic in December, 1869. The main contest over the county-seat matter, and the main excitement, was at and previous to the June meeting of the board of supervisors, when that body was" asked to order a vote on the question of removal. For weeks before the supervi- sors met, men were scouring the county with petitions and remonstrances, and there was not a man in the county but what had signed one or the other, and some vertebrateless fellows had signed both. Tuesday July 18, 1871, about 5 p. m., a rain and hail storm passed across Cass HISTORY OF CASS COtTNTT. 899- county, from the northwest to the south- east, doing a great deal of damage to crops. The storm belt was about five miles wide. In Atlantic, the damage to buildings was severe. A new brick store room, just up and enclosed, belonging to Stafford and Hawks, was blown down. Its size was 23x80 feet. D. F. Hawks and A. D. Boyd, were in the building at the be- ginning of the storm, trying to put boards np in front to protect the plastering. Mr. Hawks escaped without injury, but Mr. Boyd was struck on the head by a falling pillar, and considerably injured. He re- covered. John Lawson, a Swede work- man, was buried in the ruins, but was taken out and found to be not seriously injured. The new Presbyterian church was damaged to the amount of five hun- dred dollars. Mucli damage was done to property in town by the breaking of win- dow glass. The storm was very unusual, none like it ever occurring in this section before or since. FIKES. February 8, 1871, Atlantic suffered her first serious loss by fire. On that night several buildings located where the Con- rad and Huse "brick buildings are now, were destroyed, as follows: S. T. McFadden, druggist, building , $2,000, stock $5,000, stock mostly saved. P. Kirby, boot and shoe dealer; building $900, stock $3,500. George W. Barber, jeweler, suffered the loss of a building, and most of his stock saved. Stafford and Hawks, dry goods dealers, lost very largely of their stock. McGrew and Loof bourow, lost a building worth $1,500. J. B. Mc- Grew lost in grocery stock $540. Build- ings belonging to King Brothers, and Mr. Green were also destroyed, that belong- ing to the first named parties being the house occupied by Stafford and Hawks. J. H. Barnwell, M. D., and C. F. Loof- bourow, attorney, lost books and papers of considerable value. Lucy Allman, photographer, lost goods pertaining to the photographic art, to the amount of $150, probably. A GEBAT CONFLAGEATION. The following account of the great con- flagration which visited Atlantic, Christ- mas morning, December 25,1880, is taken from the columns of the Cass County Democrat: Saturday morning last, while the fire laddies and their girls were engaged in tripping the light fantastic, and the bal- ance of Atlantic's populace were wrapped in slumber, the fire bell began to olang,and it was soon known that a fire had broken out in the building occupied by Messrs. Rathbun and Winters. In a very short time the fire boys were at the scene, and awakened by the continued ringing of the bell and shouts of fire, the citizens began to arrive by hundreds. When first discov- ered the fire was an incipient blaze, and from one who was on the ground first we learn that it seemed to be confined to the counters of the building. The hose was soon in readiness and a stream playing upon the counters, putting the fire out there, and it had just begun to be noised about that the fire was conquered, when it was discovered that flames were issu- ing from the sides and roof of the build- ing. Turning their attention thereto the boys worked with terrible energy to con- quer it, but the stream was licked up by the fast increasing volume of flame, and ^. r 9"00 HISTOEY OP CASS COUNTY. it was soon patent that the block could not be saved and that every building must burn. It then became in order to tear down adjoining buildings, and they came down rapidly. In the meantime- the oc- cupants of the buildings had been hard at work, assisted by hundreds of willing hands, and the store rooms all along the street were gutted of their contents and carried to places of safety. By three o'clock the scene was one worthy of an artist's pencil to portray; the lurid flames leaping skyward, the crackling of burn- ing buildings, the shouts of the command- ers of the fire companies, the falling of buildings being razed by the crowd, the thousands of people loaded down with goods taken from the store rooms, the pile of goods in the street, the grotesque maskurs coming from the ball, and the crowds of fair women lining the opposite side of the street was one never to be for- gotten, and which, we hope, Atlantic will never see again. The character of the ijijflit was favorable for Atlantic, the wind blew but the faintest breath; had it been otherwise, or like unto Sunday night, in- stead of noting the destruction of one half a block of buildings, we would have occasion to note the destruction of over one-half of the town; even as it was, burn- ing bunches of boards and shingles were carried over six hundred yards from the fire. In all the block there was not a brick building, it being made up of frames erected in the hurry of the beginning of the town, and there was nothing to break the speed of the fire. From this the city should take warning and prevent the erec- tion of buildings in the heart of the city which endanger the entire town, in case of a conflagration such as this. The Watson blook on Fourth street was insured for |2,000; loss abont $2,500. In one room was Harlan and OstrBn, gro- cers, whose loss was covered by insurance. In the next room was Needham.'s tailor shop; no loss. Applegate and Company occupied the next room as a packing ofiice. They saved their ofiice furniture and fixtures. Next was Gould's barber shop, from which everything was carried in safety. In the upper story of this building was W. P. Egbert's photograph gallery, from which but little was saved. No insurance; loss about $500. The building on the corner of Fourth and Chestnut was owned by Dr. Wilkins, and occupied by J. S. Harlan, boot and shoe dealer. The building is a clear loss. Harlan saved his stock in good shape and with but little loss, and that covered by insurance. The next building was Mc- Daniels', two stories, occupied below as a bank, by himself, and above by Isaac Hopper and Dr. Newlon. The building was not insured; loss $1,500. Isaac Hop- per loses about $500; no insurance. Dr. Newlon lost all his books and instru- ments worth about $400. C. Egbert owned the next building, the one in which the fire originated. It was occupied by W. J. Winters and P.. Rathbun; loss on the building $1,200; no insurance. P_ Rathbun had no insurance and lost aboiit $500 in stock. Winters had $1,225 in- surance, and lost from $500 to $600. The next building was owned by Charley Minte, and occupied by John Acklin. No insurance on building or stock; loss on building $500; on stock $200. ' The next :f- .^ HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 901 building was occupied by W. Wildes as a second hand store. Loss on stock $100; no insurance. The next was J. S. Har- lan's, and occupied by Misses Dorey and Hibbard, milliners. Loss on building $400; no insurance. Loss on stock $1,200; insured for $800. The next building was owned by J. P. Gerberich, and occupied by S. W. W. Straight, druggist. Loss on building $1,000; insurance $500. Loss on stock $2,200; covered by insurance. H. T. Jones' building was next, occupied by J. L. Winnie, baker and confectioner. Loss on building $800; no insurance. Loss on stock $100; no insurance. The next was C. T. Somers' building, occupied by Mason and Sanders, grocers. Loss on building $1,000; no insurance. On stock $1,000", covered by insurance. The Odd Fellows building came next, occupied by Winters and Hill, grocers. Loss on building $500; insurance $300. On stock $500; covered by insurance. Next was Copeland's building, occupied by himself. Loss on building $1,000; insurance $750. Loss on stock covered by insurance. Next was Richard and Montgomery's building, occupied by W. A. Wakefield, butcher. Loss on building $100; no in- surance. Loss on stock small; no insur- ance. Next was Richard and Montgom- ery's building, occupied by Dr. Mont- gomery, druggist. Loss on building $100; insurance $500. Loss on stock $1,200; covered by insurance. On Fifth street was Dr. Emmert's office, owned by Em- mert and Montgomery. Loss on build- ing $260; insurance $100. Contents of office were all saved. In the second story over Montgomery's drug store, lived John Morris, who lost nearly all his household goods; no insurance. The sheds and barns in the rear of the build- ings destroyed, were nearly all saved. In the early stage of the fire, it was re- ported some one bad been killed by a fall- ing building. This report, however, was untrue, the only accident happening being to Ferdinand Wood, who was struck and severely cut in the face by a falling ladder. This accident was not a very serious one. After the block had been consumed, and the saved goods made as secure as possi- ble, the b'hoys conclyded to make a night of it, and needing something to strengthen them after their arduous labors, they suc- ceeded in getting it, and from that time until morning it was one continual round of pleasure, for which they are in a large degree excusable. The origin of the fire is unknown, but the general impression seems to be that it was the work of an incendiary. The truth or untruth of this can only be determined in the future. The fire had scarcely died out before McDaniels had the lumber on the ground for a temporary abode for his banking business. Copeland also had lumber on the ground Monday, and began the erec- tion of a temporary building for his gro- cery stock. A TEMPERANCE TICKET. At the city election in Atlantic, held March 3, 18'74, the ladies nominated and elected a ticket pledged to further the in- terests of the temperance cause. It was placed before the caucus held by the gen- tlemen of the town, who endorsed it. A people's ticket was afterward nominated by the opposition. Early on election day the ladies were on the streets, armed with -^|V 4. 002 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. V tickets, and stood around the polls all day. Those of the ladies who were compelled to go home were released by recruits. They had carriages to take them back and forth. The band was also out in behalf of the ladies, marching up and down the street, but did most of their playing in front of the polls. An organ was mounted on a dry goods box on the sidewalk, and th» ladies played and sang most of the day. There were also banners and mottoes displayed on many of the buildings. The ladies were treated with politeness and no rough language was used in their hear- ing'. Very few drunken men were in the crowd ind they were kept quiet. Great excitement prevailed all day, and each par y worked^with great earnestness. No hard feelings existed between the parties, and all seemed as social and good-natured as could be wished. There was the larg- est vote ever before polled in Atlantic, of which the ticket nominated and labored for by the ladies received a majority of 56. At the meeting of the board of super- visors in October, 1867, the following preamble and resolution were passed on the retirement of Cyrus Newlon, one of their associates: Whereas, In the order of Republican institutions it becomes necessary for the elder members of society to give place to the younger; and Whekbas, The venerable friend, Cyrus Newlon, having been a member of this board for six years, and this in all human probability being the last time that he will meet with said board in his official capacity; then be it iiesolved. That in the discharge of his official duties he has ever been zealous to the best interests of his constituents, and courteous and gentlemanly in his demean- or toward members of this board, and that our best wishes attend him in whatever position he may be called_to fill. PEESBYTEKIAN CHURCH, ATLANTIC. The following annals of this popular church, written for this history by Rev. John Herron, was received too late for insertion in the Ecclesiastical chapter, and is therefore placed in this connection. The Presbyterian church in Atlantic was organized October 10, 1869, by Rev. Sheldon Jackson and Rev. S. Phillips. The first members were Theo. Cushing, Joseph H. Smith, Mrs. A. Smith, J. L. Stone and Mrs. J. P. 'Stone. Messrs. Cushing and Smith were mstde ruling eld- ers. The place where the meeting was held was a school house on the northwest corner of Chestnut and Sixth streets. Atlantic had at that time a population of not mrre than eight hundred. The county seat still remained at Lewis. The new organization found a Methodist Episcopal and a Congregational church — each hav- ing a house of worship. In the month of December, Rev. Mel- ancthon Hughes, a graduate of Miami University and of Princeton Theological Seminary, arrived and took charge of the field. Through the following winter ser- vices were held in the Methodist church on alternate Sabbath afternoons. May 11, 1870, the congregation held a meeting in the house of Mr. Laurenson, to consider the subject of erecting a church building. Mr. Laurenson presided. Mr. Hughes acted as secretary. Lorin Andrews and Mr. Hughes were appointed a soliciting committee. July 18th, a meeting was ^ A. HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 903 "^s held at Wtn. Douglass'. Messrs. William Douglass, A. Fickes, Mr. Laurenson, B. F. Cady and J. L. Stone were appointed a building committee. Mr. Fowler later became one of the committee instead of Mr. Fickes, who removed from the com- munity. The contract for building the church was awarded to Messrs. Boyd and Willey for $l,'7]2,exclu8iveof the founda- tion and the pews. January 4, 18Vl,Mr. Kirkpatrick succeeded Wm. Douglass on the building committee — the latter having removed to another locality. Mr. Laur- enson put the pews into the building for $150. The board of church erection of the Presbyterian church assisted the building enterprise in the sum of $700. The peo- ple had settled themselves in their new house of worship and had grown slightly accustomed to it, when — July 18, 1871 — a destructive tornado passed over the town, tossing the building off its foundation and placing it in an upright position near by. Much damage was done to carpet, organ, plastering, windows and the frame- work of the house itself. Through the aid of $200, from the board of church erection, and the energy of the people, the injured building was restored. In the spring of 1873. Mr. Hughes ceased his labors in Atlantic and journey- ed to Santa Fe, New Mexico. Consump- tion has wasted him, and he thought to be benefitted in that climate. He died there December 18, 1873. Rev. W. G. Kephart succeeded him in the pastorate of the church June 14, 1873 and continued in that relation about three years. 56 Rev. Mr. Zahniser formerly of Hunt- ingdon, Pennsylvania, followed as stated supply for a few months. Rev. John Herron took charge of the church the first Sabbath of July, 1877. Hitherto the congregation had been as- sisted with a considerable sum annually by the board of Home Missions of the Presbyterian church. One year later the church became self- supporting. Another year, and two lots for building a new church were secured on the corner of Sixth and XJhestnut streets — three blocks west of the first lo- cation. In 1880 the new church was built, and dedicated free of debt. A handsome, commodious structure, complete in its ap- pointments, it is creditable alike to the church and the community. The year 1881 saw the purchase of an elegant pipe organ, built expressly for the church, by IJook and Hastings, of Boston. The at- lendance on churcli service has uniformly l)een good. Strangers in the city over Sabbath, find it a convenient place to wor- ship, and the congregation itself is per- manently of good size. In 1882, the church sent out a colony to form a Presby- terian organization in the town of Marne. Much evangelistic and missionary work has been done by this people in the town and the region round abont. They have not found the proverb to fail : "He that watereth shall be watered also himself." The present officers of the church and congregation are: Pastor — Rev. John Herron. Ruling Elders — John Y. Cotton, J. E. Willett, W. A. Morrison, J. M. Emmert, M. D. -"■ s.^ ^«- J4- 904 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. Deacons — William McGeehon, W. H. Peters and A. P. Macomber, M. D. Superintendent of the Sunday School — E. Sayers. Trustees — E. Sayers, Robert Major, A. L. Bostedo, C. McDaniels and C. S. New- Ion. Treasurer — J. P. Gerberich. Moderator of the Congregation,— A. L. Bostedo. Gltrk of the Congregation — W. A. Mor- rison. W. G. Kephart was born in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, in the year ]818. His first ecclesiastical connection was with the New School Presbyterian church. He was one of the committee who drew up the manifesto that the Free Presbyterian church at its founding in Cincinnati adopt- ed as their apology. The churches of Winchester and Mt. Leigh, in Ohio, Mr. Kephart's pastoral charge accompanied him into his new association. He ministered to the church in Kossuth, ■ Iowa, for eleven years. He was in the army as chaplain of the Tenth Iowa In- fantry. Before coming to Atlantic he had charge of the church in Cheyenne, Wyom- ing Territory. The church in Atlantic enjoyed a healthy growth inhispa'storate. THE ATLANTIC SCHOOLS. [By E. H. Frost.l The territory included in the original independent district of Atlantic, was for a time under the jurisdiction of the board of directors of Pymosa township. On the 15th day of January, 1870, the board in- structed its secretary, Samuel L. Lorah, Esq., to issue notice of election, at which the electors of Atlantic should vote on the question of independent organization. The election was called for January 31, 1870, at H. T. Jones' tailor shop. The territory embraced in the proposed independent district was described in the call as follows: "Begin at the northeast corner of sec- tion 4, thence south on section line to southeast corner of section 9, thence west on section line to southwest corner of southeast quarter of southeast quarter of section 7, thence north to northwest cor- ner of northeast quarter of northeast quar- ter of section 6, thence east to place of beginning. All in township 76 north, range ii6 west." At the election eighty-one votes were cast, all in favor of separate and independ- ent organization. At three different times territory has been annexed to the district. The first addition was made on August 5, 1872, upon petition of William Duncan, Esq., and included all of the west half of sec- tion 3, Atlantic township. \ The second addition was made on March 5, 1875, when the Atlantic board concur- red in the previous action of the board of the district township of Pymosa. The territory included in this addition was the west half of the southwest quarter, and the west half of the northwest quarter of section 33, township 77 north, range 36 west. The third addition was made on Nov- ember 4, 1884, by concurrence of the At- lantic board with the action of the board of the district township of Atlantic. The tract thus added embraces the west half of section 6, the west half of northeast quarter and west half of southeast quarter HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 903 of section 6; the northwest quarter of sec- tion 7, and the west half of the northeast quarter of section 1, township 76 north, range 36 west. The independent district of Atlantic is made up, therefore, of sections 4, 5, 6, 8,9, the west half of section 3, the north half of section 7, the east half of the southeast quarter of section 7, Atlantic township, and the west half of the southwest quarter and the west half of the northwest quar- ter of section 33, in Pymosa township. On March 14, 1870, the first board of directors was elected, and consisted of the following named gentlemen: W. W. Parker, F. H. Whitney. John R. Rey- nolds, W. K. Straight, D. F. Hawks and R. D. McGeehon, who qualified on March, 21, and entered upon the discharge of their duties. On March 24, 1870, the board purchased of the town company, lots 7, 8, 9 and 10, block 56, for a school house site, at a cost of 1400. Plans and specifications for a school building were adopted, and the contract for the erection of the building was awarded to Neimeyer Bros., the price be- ing $9,288. The work was pushed for- ward under the supervision of Messrs. Reynolds and McGeehon, the building committee. The work was done by J. M. Haver and A. D. Boyd. The house was completed, and accepted by the board on January 1, 1871. The first school in Atlantic of which any record is found, was taught in 1869. In April of that year, W. W. Parker, Esq., director in sub-district No. 6, of the district township of Pymosa, engaged H. G. Smith to teach the spring term. In the following winter, D. W. Scribner taught. The school was held in a build- ing situated at the northeast corner "of Chestnut and Sixth streets. This build- ing was afterwards moved, a second story added, and used for a court house. In the fall of 1869, and the following winter. Miss Belle Tiffany, afterward Mrs. C. B. Osborne, conducted a private school on the east side of Walnut street, south of the present Occidental Hotel. The school was full, and nearly every child had books unlike the others. The pleas- ures of the situation will be appreciated by all who have taught. In the spring of 1870, D. W. Scribner and Fanny Whiitam taught the schools. Miss Whittam taught in a small building on the south side of the old fair grounds, which then comprised block sixteen. On January 16, 1871, the school was organized in the new building, under the principalship of S. R. Manning. The assistant teachers were Mrs. Manning, Lucy E. Terry and Miss C. V. K. Towne.> In August, 1872, a committee of the board was appointed to secure a room for an extra teacher. The committee failed to find a suitable room, and the board ordered the erection of a building to be ;!0x24x9 feet. The structure stood on the west side of Walnut street near the site of the present high school building. This house was sold in 1875, for |225. In May, 1873, the board purchased lots 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, block 69, and in- structed a committee to have them har- rowed and seeded, and to plant trees around them. The price paid for these lots was $500. l « ill "f - • . !. > * -^^ 906 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. . In April, IS'ZS, the boavd purchased, for the use of the district, lots 5, 6, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, in block 47, for the sum of $1,500. In July, 1 872, a committee was appoint- ed to lay off lots in block 56, preparatory to planting trees in the spring. In March, 1873, a committee was instructed to pro- cure trees and have them planted on the school lots. In April, 1874, the commit- tee on buildings and grounds was instruct- ed to plant ti-ees in the school yards, "in such quantity and manner as they deem best." In June, 1876, fifty-nine trees were planted on the lots in block 56. The grounds are now well supplied with trees. On May 3, 1875, plans for the Third ward building were adopted, and on June 12, the contract for erecting the building was let to Willetts and Kelsey ; but, on June 15, the contract was annulled, and an advertisement for proposals was again made. On July 25, the contract was again awarded to Willetts and Kelsey, the con- sideration being $6,500. The building was completed November 3, 1875, and on November 15, school was opened with the following corps of teachers : Ada Dun- can, Kate M. Tupper, Madge Tupper and Alice Baugh. In 1877, the board resolved to erect a building for the exclusive use of the High School, upon the lots in block forty-seven. The house was completed at a cost of $1,320, on September 3, and school began in it at once, with Sarah E. Buckley as principal. Ada Duncan taught here half of the time during that school year. The growing demand for more room, resulted, April 9, 1879, in a resolution of the board to build an addition to the house in the third ward, and the building com- mittee, consisting of John R. Reynolds, I. N. Hammond and George W. Norton was instructed to advertise for proposals. In May the committee entered into con- tract with Robinson and Smedley. The addition was completed at a cost of $1,- 375, and was accepted by the board on August 20. Greater accommodations being neces- sary, on June 18, 1881, the board adopted plans for an addition to the building in the fourth ward. This addition was com- pleted in October of that year. Increased enrollment in the schools compelled the board to provide yet more room for the school-going population, and in September, 1883, the Temperance Hall was secured. In this building two rooms were opened, which are still in use. In the summer of 1883, the board, at a cost of $3,156, put steam heating appa- ratus into the third and fourth ward build- ings, and inaugurated a plan for ventila- tit n. Water pipes were put in during the same season. The following table exhibits the total number of school children in the district; the number of pupils enrolled in the schools, and the average daily attend- ance, as shown by the annual reports of the secretaries which were made in Sept- ember of the years indicated. The ta- ble also shows the per cent, of average daily attendance compared with the total enumeration, and the per cent, of average daily attendance compared with the num- ber enrolled. -sTV Ji HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. 907 Ykab. □ 1 1 a 13 1 B m Per cen t. of av. attend- ance on en- umeration.. Per cent, of av. attend- ance on en- rollment... 1870 " '253 ■ 1871 365 340 418 425 631 679 , 757 1,256 1,325 1,825 1.342 1,618 1,556 1,556 1872 1878 1874 300 616 602 704 901 925 891 909 1,002 1,127 1,080 '""301 376 451 510 564 626 ""579 689 710 47.7 55.2 59.6 39.8 42.6 39.7 " "ss^i 44.3 45.6 1876 58.3 62.8 641 55.5 61 59 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 57.8 61 1 1884 Excluding the years 1870, 1871 and 1873, the total receipts and expenditures of district treasurers since the organiza- tion of the independent district, are shown below: Fund. Receipts. Disbursem'ts. School-house fund Contingent fund Teachers' fuud.... J34,069 17 23.483 73 67,979 13 $33,712 66 23,666 92 - 65,309 26 Total $125,532 03 $122,688 84 In the spring of 1870, a meeting of electors was called to vote for or against the proposition of issuing bonds, in the sum of $6,000, with which to build the school house on block 06. The meeting ■was held atithe Pacific house, now known as the Commercial hotel, on May 27th. Forty votes were cast — all in favor of issuing the bonds. In March, 1879, at the annual meeting, the electors voted on the question of issuing $12,000 in bonds to take up bonds then outstanding. The proposition car- ried. While it is not apparent how all the bonds of the original $12,000 were issued. evidently a meeting, subsequent to that of May, 1870, must have voted an addi- tional $6,000, as the minutes of the meet- ing of the board, held March 20, 1871, show that "On motion, the treasurer was instructed to have the new bonds so read as to make the redemption of the same optional after two years." In 1879, $2,000 surplus in the school house fund was used for the redemption of bonds, leaving obligations outstanding to tlie amount of $10,000, which is the amount of the bonded indebtedness of the district. The bonds bear seven and one-half per cent, interest, which is pay- able semi-annaally. At the March meeting of 1 883, a prop- osition to issue bonds to the amount of $20,000, for the erection of an additional school building, was voted down. The board of directors, uniformly com- posed of prominent citizens, have labored zealously to promote the best interests of the schools, and to them the excellence of the schools is in no small measure due. The financial affairs of the district have been managed with economy, and the district has sustained no losses. Thomas Hardenbergh, Esq., was the first director in the territory originally erected into the independent district of Atlantic, prior to the formation of the district. In March, 1869, his term of office ex- pired, and W. W. Parker, Esq., was elected in his stead. Since the formation of the districtjthe following named gentle- *7}1 P 908 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY. men have served in the capacity of direc- tors for the periods specified: NAME. Elected. Served Tili.— W.W;; Parker.... ... March, 1870 March, 1871 D. P. Hawks »* *' '* *' W.E. Straight K. U. McGeehon. ... *• " " 1872 '* ' * F. H. Whitney ** '* Resigned July, 1872 Jno. K. Keynolds. . *' ** March, 1873 ' ' re-elected . " 3878 1884 H.T. Sharp. '.........„ ' ' 1871 1874 W. Warwick.....: '.! 1872 t t ( » 'A D Bovd ■ V Resigned. Mar. 1873 March, 1878 Jno. P. Gerberich.... S; J. Applegate ■• 1873 1876 D. H. Stafford It t i 18T9 ■William Wnddell ( ( ( ( " 1880 I. Biokerson, app'd.. *' ' ' " 1874 ■ ' 1874 " 1877 B. Lamaon it t 1 ti « I J. W. Winslow ' ' 1875 1878 Dr. S. Montgomery " 1876 1879 GjBO. yf Norton, " 1877 1880 Dr.- J. Nichols " 1878 1881 Dr. J. M. Bmmert.... " 1879 " 1882. I. N. Hammond 4( *. Present. Jno. W. Scott " 1880 March, 1883. " 1881 t <. it L; 5-. Deljano.;.: Prusent. James S. Pressnall. . .'. " 1882 ** '.! 1883 ** H.J. ravenaugh . ** Cli. Brown " 1884 Names of officers of the hoard are given below: EEKSIDBNTS. NAME. F. H, Whitney A.-iB-lBoyd.. ....... William Waddell. . " re-ele led D. H. Stafford Jno. R. Reynolds.. Dr. J. M. Emmert. C. B. Osborne L. I». DeLano .,.. Elected. March, 1870 July, 1872 March, 1873 • ' 1879 ■ ' 1878 " 1880 ' ' 1881 " 1883 ' ' 1883 Served Till— Resigned. July, 1872 March, 1873 1878 ' ' 1880 1879 ' ' 1881 " 1883 " 1883 Present. SBCEETAKIES. Name. S. W. W. straight... GeOi S. Wedgwood. Jno. W. Scott H.-B. Baeon .i Henivy Fry. S. E^Sihith Elected. Served Till- March,1870 Jan'y, 187.'i March, 1875 July, 1877 Sept 1880 " 1883 Resigned,, Jan. 1875 March, 1875 Resigned, July, 1877 Sept. 1880 •' 1883 Present. TREASURERS. NAME. Elected. Servhd Till— W. Warwick I. L. Dudley March, 1870 " 1871 Sept. 1883 March, 1871 Sept. 1882 Present. Jno. P. Gerberich .... In January, 1874, it was resolved "That that the President divide the board into three committees of two members each, and that the said committees are required to visit the school at such time or times as the President may appoint or direct." During the remainder of the school year, it is said, the schools were much encouraged by frequent visits from the committees. Appreciating the benefits of teachers' meetings, in June, 1883, the board re- solved that all teachers under its jurisdic- tion must attend the Normal institute and Teachers' associations. This rule was abolished in 1884. Two important educational meetings have been held in Atlantic. The first was a meeting of county superintendents, held in July, 1872, at which many practi- cal questions pertaining to the superi-n- tendency were discussed, and which re- sulted in much mutual benefit to the participants. The second was a meeting of the Educational Association of South- western Iowa, which was organiaed here on January 22, 18SQ. The meeting con- tinued for three days, was largely attended and developed a deeper interest in school ^ork. The school board ordered the schools closed during the meeting to en- able the teachers to attend. The following named persons have served as teachers in the schools of Atlan- tic: ^i=^ ^'- HISTORY OP CASS COUNTY. 909 Mrs. S. R. Manning, winter and spring terms of IS^l; Lucy E.Terry, winter and spring of 1871, and year of 1811-2; Miss C. V. K. To wne, January, 1871, to June, 1873; Miss Frank Hoyt, April, 1872, re- signed April, 1873; Miss E. Kellogg, Sept- ember, 1872, to June, 1874; Mrs. E. R. Carr, spring of 1873; Mrs. Lafe Young, April, 1873, resigned December, 1873; Nellie McGeehon, December, 1873, re- signed April, 1874; Mollie A. Fuller (married L. E. Lucoock) September, *873, to June, 1880; Anna Griffith, December, 1873, to June, 1875; Emma Davis, April, 1874, to June, 1875; Josie Isett, Septem- ber, 1874, to June, 1875; Mrs. Fanny Dunan, September, 1875, to June, 1876; Ava Duncan, 1875, to June, 1877, and after attendance at the State University, was elected principal of the Higii school in June, 1880, which position she filled till June, 1883; Alice Baugh, October, 1875, to June, 1876; Kate M. Tupper, October, 1875, to June, 1876;-Madge Tup- per, October, 1875, to June, 1876; Mary E. Miller, October, 1875, resigned Decem- ber, 1875; Mary F. Lucoock, December, 1S75, resigned September, 1876; Kate Richards, December, 1875, to June, 1876; Emelie Brooks, December, 1875, resigned March, 1877; Jessie Coldren, September, 1876, to June, 1879; Alice Pralher, spring of 1876; Nellie Miles, September, 1876, resigned March, 1S77; Mrs. R. C. Farr, spring of 1876; Rufus H. Frost, Septem- ber, 1876, to June, 1879; Mrs. Julia S. Frost, October, 1 876, resigned, Christmas, 1883; Marcia Kimball, September, 1877. resigned March, 1883; Sarah E. Buckley, September, 1877, to June, 1881; Eliza H. Say ward, September, 1877, to June, 1879; Jennie Ferrier, September, 1877, resigned December, 1877; Adah E. Hodge, Septem- ber, 1877, to June, 1879; M. Alice Smith, September, 1879, to June, 1881; Paal Gra- bill, September, 1879, resigned August, 1881; Mamie D. Conway, September, 1879, to June, 1882; Irene Cumberlin; September, 1879, resigned October, 1880; Nettie Kimball, September, 1880, to June, 1882, and Marchj 1883, to June, 1883; Helen M. Harding, October, 1 880^ to June^ 1883; Mrs. George S. Wedgewood, Sept- ember, 1881, to June 1888; Rev. W. G. Kephart, September, 1881 to June,' 1882; A. B. Hughes, October, 1881 to June, 1882; Ella J. Pratt, September, 1832, re- signed March, 1884; Serena Bridges, Sept- ember, 1883. resigned, Christmas, 1883. The following named persons consti- tute the present corps of teachers. J. J. McConnell, superintendent since September, 1879. High School.— William J. Dobson, principal since September, 1883; F. Delia Young, assistant since September, 1882. Third Ward.— Mrs. R. S. Harris, prin- cipal. Mrs. Harris was elected August 12, 1871, and has served continuously and faithfully ever since. Mrs. Sophronia Northnp, since March, 1884; Mattie I. Craig, since September, 1883; Mrs. Lucy R Conway, since September, 1878; Car- rie E. Pratt, since September, 1882; Jen- nie S. Clark, since September, 1883. Fourth Ward.— Aggie George, princi- pal since October, 1881; Jessie F. Kep- hart, since September, 1879; Laura A'. Snively, since October, • 1881; Alice K Hopper, since September, 1882; Clara L. Fink, since September, 1883; Minnie L. Smith, since December, 1883. *7lr ^fv*" ^ • U- 910 HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY, Tbmpbeance Hall. — Anna O. Temple, since September, 1883; Lizzie C. Clark, since December, 1883. The following is a list of the superin- tendents of the schools: S. R. Manning, January 16, 1871, re- signed April 12, 1872. E. R. Carr, April 12, 1872, to June, 1873. Z. C. McCormick, September, 1873, to October, 1873. George S. Wedgewood, October, 1873, to June, 1879. J. J. McConnell, September, 1879, to present. Mr. Wedgwood had been superintend- ent of the schools of LaSalle county, Illi- nois, and upon assuming control of the schools of Atla,ntic, immediately re-or- ganized them and started them upon a career of unusual prosperity. Daring his prolonged term of service, the schools gained a wide reputation. Mr. McConnell is a graduate of the State university. Before taking charge of the Atlantic schools, he had taught in Albia and Oskaloosa. His constant effort has been to maintain the reputation of the schools and to increase their efficiency. In 1876, the schools prepared a large amount of work, which was sent to the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. In 1877, the schools were thoroughly represented in the State contest, which took place that year. In 1884-, the schools exhibited speci- mens of their skill at the National Teach- ers' Association, which was held at Madi- son, Wisconsin, The character of all this work was ex- cellent, and the schools feel a just pride in their achievements. The following named persons have completed the course of study, and grad- uated from the High School: 1878 — Ada Duncan; 1879 — Fred. Alex- ander, William J. Findley, James Loof- bourow, George H. McCormick, Clarence E. Stafford, Mary Waddell, Mary E. Col- ton,^Je8Bie F. Kephart, Emma Lamson, James Ruane, Anna O. Temple, F. Delia Young, Ernest L. Alexander, William Tea- garden, Frank P. McGrew, Ed. J. Dicker- sou, Charles M.Reynolds; 1880 — Gertrude F. Bacon, Bertha L. Temple, Edith L. Col- ton; 1881— Fred W. Fitch, Ida McKay, Jennie Richards; 1882 — Jennie E. Bar- nett, Callie McWaid, Dora Talbot, Edgar W. Smith, Louis Graham; 1883— Lucy P. Batton, Jessie Findley, Grace Green, Frank O. Temple, Carrie Egbert; 1884— Mattie B. Alexander, Jessie Hunt, Ed. Hammond, Julia Joy, Birdie Northup, Louise St. Clair, Lizzie, Dufford, Nellie E. Gerberich, Edna Harris, Mary E. Kep- hart, Phoebe Talbot, Cora McFadden, Ed- ward Willard. In May, 1873, George Stafford, an ex- cellent student in the High School, re- ceived an appointment to the Naval academy at Annapolis, Maryland, where he graduated with honor, in June, 1877. Since graduation, he has been connected with the Pacific Coast survey. In August, of this year, (1884), he was detached from the U. S. S. Ranger, and is now^awaiting orders from the secretary of the navy. >rv ^