- /-ife'i;RI)I';r,FR, Ass'tCasliier. Citizens DZational SBank, DAVENPORT, IOWA. UNITED SXATKS D E F'OSITOR\". Resources. Loans and Discounts, U. S. Bonds Other Bonds Furniture and Fixtures, . Due from Banks, Cash and U. S. Treas., COMPTROLLER'S CALL, SEPT. 20, 1898. Liabilities. Capital Stock, ..... $300,000.00 Surplus Fund, ..... 100,000.00 Undi\ iiied Profits, .... 9,920.63 Circulation 90,000.00 Deposits, 1,035,154.18 Total $1,535, "74. Si *697,75.S.42 l.So,03S.32 50,000.00 5,000.00 510,734.21 91.543-86 Total $1,535. 074. «i T. \V. McCi-ELL,\Nr). R'iBEKT KkALSE, W. C, W'.ADSW r.RTH. I.J. RlCH.^KDSON. DIRECTORS. H. O. SEItlKRT. P. T. Koch. .\. W. VanderVkkh Otto ALi:KKrHT. F. H. Gkiggs. J. LnKENZKN. H. H. ANDRESEN. H. H. .\NnRl;SEX, President. H. FISCHER. \-iee-Presi(Ient. CH.AS. N. \'USS. Cashier. J. F. P,RFllO\V, Ass't Cashier. Cash Capital, $500,000.00 (3erman Savings Bank, DAVENPORT, IOWA. ASSETS. Loans secured by i\lortg;a)^e: Loans secured by Collaterals, Bond: Total Loans, Cash on Hand and in Banks Cash in Transit, Total Cash, Real Estate, Total Assets, $3,366,319-68 1,244.199-39 $543,412.23 73. •93-25 $4,6io,5r9.o7 $616,605.48 80,125.68 $5.307.250.23 Deposits, Capital Stock, Undixided Profits, LIABILITIES. Total Liabilities, $4,622,845.64 500,000.00 184^4^59 $5,307,250.23 UIRECTORS. Otto ALi;KiirHT. H . L I s C H E K . H. O. Se:ffert. Cu.AKLES N. Vi>SS. H. H. Andkesen. T. A. MUKFHY. Jens Lokenzen. W. C. HAYWARD, President. HENRY FIGBEKT, Mce-Presideiit. S. D. BAWDEN, Cashier. ESTABLISHED IN 1864. DAVENPORT NATIONAL BANK, S. E. COR. THIRD AND BRADY STREETS, DAVENPORT, IOWA. Capital, $100,000 Surplus and Profits, . $35,000 ACCOUNTS, COLLECTIONS, AND- OTHER BUSINESS i iF BANKS, BANKERS, CORPORATIONS AND INDINIDUALS RESPECTI- ULLY SOLICITED. ♦♦ W. C. HAYWARD, President, FRED. B. SII.VRON, A'ice-Presidenl. S.L.ELY, Cashier. UNION SAVINGS BANK, S. E. COR. THIRD AND BRADY STS. DAVENPORT, IOWA. Capital, $60,000 Undivided Profits, . . . $10,000 Four per Cent Interest Paid on Deposits. Money Loaned on Real Estate and Personal Security. CH.VS. BIUDERBFXKE, President. .\. P. D( IE, \'ice-Presid. nt CI l.\S. P.XSCFIE, Cashier. THE IOWA NATIONAL BANK, DAVENPORT, IOWA. THE RECORD FOR FIVE YEARS — COM PTROLLER ' S STATEMENTS. AT CLOSE OF BUSINESS .... Dec. 19, 1.S93 Dec. lu, 1^94 Dec. r?, r^95 Dec. 17, iSq6 Llec. 15, 1897 Capital, ^100,000.00 ^icn.),ooo.oo ^icio,c^oo.uo ^100,000.00 ^100,000.00 Surplus and Undivided Profits, 12,134,78 13,497.20 14,66,8.21 15,923.60 18,128.29 Deposits 237,029.24 399, Sue. IT 410,9,80,2,8 363,854.17 654,386.65 DIRECTORS Ch\s. Bi-idkrp.ecke. a. p. Dcic. \V. P. HAI.Llc.^N. H^:Nl^^ Schrokuer. J. H. II.-\ss. M. D. Petersen. J. D. Brockm.\nn. p. I. P.M 1-SEN-. F R 1 . P . H .\ .\ K . C. A. Ficm:. \V. O. Schmict. NEW BUSINESS INVITED. . . . THE . . . SCOTT COUNTY SAVINGS BANK, N. W. COR. THIRD AND BRADY STREETS, DAVENPORT, IOWA. Pays Four per Cent Interest on Deposits. TOTAL DEPOSITS, Over $2,000,000.00 The only Savi ngs Bank j g Davenport owning Us own home. Tarmer$ and mccbanics Savings Bank OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS. Officers. FRED HEINZ, President. CL.\US STOLTEXBERC, \'ice-Fresident. J, B. Mi;\'ER, Cashier. Directors. Geokgk Mengel, H. Stmlteneerg. Geo, Walters. Julius Sander. KUDOLRH ROHLt S. E. J. Di">UGHERTV. HEINZ & FIS11I-;R, Attorneys, Cash Capital. - $100,000 A GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS TRANS- ACTED. 4 f Interest Paid on Deposits. * Money Loaned on Real Estate and Personal Property. * Foreign and Domestic Drafts Sold. 2IS I^arrlson Street, Davenport, Iowa GOVER.XMENT BUILDING, DA\ENPORT. H. A. AINSWi )RTH, F'rcsideiU. G. II. EDWARDS, \'ice-Piesiilcut. C. F. HEMEN'WAV, Cashier. MOLINE NATIONAL BANK, BfioUiiit; H.juse, Cor. Thircl Ave-nne Mii.l Kifteeiatli Street, nOLlNE, ILLINOIS. CAPITAL $100,000 SURPLUS $20,000 Drafts draivn on the principal cities of the United States and Europe, Cottections Recei-ve Prompt Attention. DIRECTORS. G. H. En\\'ARDS. Porter Skinner. A. S. Wright. C. R. Ainswmkth. J. Silas Leas. C. F. Hemenwav. L. E. Hemenway. H. A. .\ins\voktii, Hikam Darling. — " __ J. T. I'.ROWXINl"'., PresidciU. V. \l. WESSFCL, \'ice-President. JolIN S. Rock Island National Bank, UNITED STATES DEI'OSITOR^' ROCK ISLAND, ILL. Capital, $100,000.00 Surplus $75,000.00 -DIRECTORS -- T. J. Robinson. E. D. S\\'EENEV. ]. H. W'iLSON. Ch \s. L. Walker. F. C. A. Denkn H. S. H.^NSON. Pet Er- Fkies. J, F. KoinNsoN. .\E\V I'UST OFFICE, ROCK ISL.XXD. p. I.. MITCHELL ESTATE. PHIL MITCHELL. S. A. LVNDE. C. F. LVNDE. ESTABLISHED 1856. Mitchell & Lynde, BANKERS SUCCESSORS TO FIRST NATIONAL BANK 1890 Rock Island. III. J. M. EUFORD, President, J' iHX CRl^BALGH, \'ice-Pi'esidei)L P. GREENAWALT, Cashier. 'i^ vm^tff^ f-trj DIRECTORS. H. S. Cahle. \Vm. Wilmerton. J^tHN CkUBAUGH. Phil Mitchkll. H. P. Hull. L. Simon. ]OHN VOLK. E. W. Hurst. J. M. BuyORD. 5lock Ssland Savings SBank (Incorporated Ciider thr State Law), ROCK ISLAND, ILL. open Daily from 9 A. F\. to 3 F. M., <^^ MONEY LOANED and Saturday Evenings from ^^ on FersonaK Collateral or Real Estate 7 to 8 o'clock. (/-^ Security. INTEREST PAID ON DEPOSITS. JACKSON- & iirrZU" ' m^ 1N&URAH6E (?0. ^V ^"^"^^^ OF DAVENPORT. IOWA. ORGAN IZED IN I8S3. Capital (full paid) $100,000.00 Total Assets, 203,645.29 Reinsurance Reserve and all other Liabilities, 69,825.66 Surplus to Policyholders, 133.819.63 $203,645,29 OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS. S. F. Oilman, President- J. B. Pheli-'S, Vict-Pi-esident, Jens Lokenzen. W. H. Fernald. M. L. Marks, Treasurer. Walter Chambers. Henry Lischer. Hhnrv Schroeder. E. J. Baecock, Secretary. Business confined to the State of Iowa. For Agencies, correspond with the Home Office. W. H, SNIDER & SON, Insurance and Real Estate LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE SURETY BONDS. The Travelers' Life and Accident Co. of Hartford. Life and Endowment Policies at the Low- est Guaranteed Rates in tlie Travelers'. Get our rates before you insure, and save money. 209 Main Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA. And ke\-s kept safe — Shaki'Speare. V . H. MILLER, President. S. F. SMLfH, \1ce-President. v.. 11. RY.A.X, Secretary and Treasurer. W. W. HLMPLIREY, Custodian. Davenport Safety Deposit Co. OFFICE : lender First National Bank, Ci)k.\i-;k Siccond and M.\in Strhicts, DAVENPORT, 1U\\'A. TBoxes for rent at low rates. yaliiables cared for by the day, month or year. 1898 Hhe federal %ik :4sscciatim OF DAVENPORT, IOWA, Has long- since passed the experimental stage of its existence, and bases its claims for public patronage upon its unassailable record, its experience and the intrinsic merit of its plans. Organized under the stringent laws of Iowa, It is submitted that this Company is especially deserving of consideration liy those who seek for their families protection of the most absolute character at the lowest cost attainable by intelligent management, prudence and economy. It has achieved a reputation second to none, and is worthy of every confidence reposed in it, and is eminently deserving of the prosperity it has enjoyed in the past and will contmue to experience in the future. CUL. HII.XKV KC.BERT, President. i;. 1[. WIIITCl 1MB, Secretary and General Manager. DIRECTORS. HENK^■ Egbhrt, F.gtiert, Fidler ^i Chambers, I'ublishers. PlR.AsTcs Benson. Attorney at Law. K. E, Ha^\\.\rd. Wliolesale Lumber. S, L>. Bawdhn, Casliier, r>a\-enport National Bank. A. \". VLartin, .\nierican Luxler Prism Co. Thos. Thompson, Books, Stationer\-, etc. L. H. Whitcomb, Secretary', Federal Life .Association. Dr. Wm. D. Mirini.ET. .n, Sur.jeon.in-Chief, C. R. L & P. R'y. YOUNG MP:N'S christian ASSOCIATION BUILDING, ROCK ISLAND. (t Fraternal _ "ENEFiciAL Society. y/.r/'.l/.,,u/.//7' J G MEAU OFMOCR.S NORTHCOTT,H,.ADi HAWE5 HtAUCLlHr FRATT/lTrAO ^an- JOHNSON, iTlNFIiAL DIRECTORS, A ^ TALBOT lu-coLr. IJf.e J, W WHITE, RijCK Fail;. |..u e£NJ D SMITH, M:<^rjhArnMiuN MARVIN QUACKENBUSH, DuNPr.E.l J N R EECE, ■:,ps;ncncLDjLi Uo the Jlmerican ^People: The Modern Woodmen of America is the leading I'raternal Beneficiary Society in the land. Its claim to preeminence' is based upon its restricted territory, selected risks, low (35.76) average age, its e.xclusion of extra hazardous employments and its conservative business management. Assessments for the discharge of mortuary liabilities are graduated according to the age of the applicant, which are not thereafter increased. The ma.ximum limit is forty-five years ; one past that age is ineligible to beneficiary membership. Its form of government is representative and uninterruptedly within the control of its mem- bership. Its legislati\e power is its Head Camp, composed of delegates elected and con\-ening biennially. This body, fresh from the membership, enacts the .Society's laws and defines its policy. Its financial afi'airs are protected by an admirable system of checks and counter-checks, rendering fraud and deception practically impossible. No dollar can be disbursed from its funds without the signature of its Mead Consul, Head Clerk and a majority of its Board of Directors. It is a corporation, chartered by the State of Illinois May 5, i.S,S4. In no year has its membership been (•alle« 4m^ *-^i't<^ ^> « ill ^^n-j. '^^ '« jJ!|[^J». *■' » * 0-%-:^ '^^ >>nV- M^ Rates: $2.00 $2.50 and $3.00 ©a^ennpdDrito DdDwac Cwo of the Ceadtng liotels in Tllinois 4^^ !I1> : "!'. HARPER HOUSE, Rock Island, 111. CHAS. AlcMUQH, Manager. NATIONAL HOTEL, Feoria, 111. J. E. MONTROSE, Manager. MONTROSE & McHUGH, PROPRIETORS. -o- <>^><><><>-»<><><>-»<^<>-»^^^«^<><><^^ T, KIRCHER.. ^re Sj Fine Jewe SHveto t Corner Secomdl and Brady Streets, I ^ I DA VBNPOR r, IOWA. I I t We ho\'c found \\\c aaiiAe oil eacU piece of AAciehr's ChocolcUes DciN'ciiport, lovvci. Saint Katharine's Hall, DAVENPORT, IOWA. A Boarding and Day School for Girls. ( )wned and carried on by the Protestant Episcopal Cluircli. The Bishop of Iowa, President. Girls Prepared for the Women's Collej;es, \'assar, Smith, Wellesley, etc., and for ihe riiicago University. Also lor tliose who do not intend taking a (_'ollege Course, a Broad Acadennc Course, with Nlusic, Draw- irrLC and r'ainting. Number of Boarding Pupils limited to' fifty. TweKe Teachers employed. ^jgs E. A. RICE, ( B. A., Vassar), Principal. Established iS6i. John Hoyt, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN Musical Merchandise SHEET MUSIC, ETC. Nos. Ill and 113 West Third Street, DAVENPORT, STEINWAY, EVERETT AND OTHER PIANOS. T^lvrrsiC HOV^E, mi2 U- ^^ ESTEY, TABER AND OTHER ORGANS > IOWA. LARGEST STOCK IN THE WEST. I ^r r ■ r r* ''V ! 1.1 _ III E p??^ .. -j^ 'J D.WEXPOKT PLBLIC LIBRARY. ] r. \'AX TATTEX. M. L. MARKS. ESTABLISH ED 1844. VAN PATTEN & MARKS, WHOLESALE GROCERS AND ROASTERS OF COFFEES. 119, 121, 123 East Second Street, . . DAVENPORT, IOWA. '^eiderbecke-cMiller Co* WHOLESALE GROCERS, 1 07 and 1 09 West Second Street, ^^^^^4*--^ DAVENPORT, IOWA. '^--^^J^y^ ESTABLISH ED IST6. ERDIX T. SMITH & BROS. WHOLESALE GROCERS, 221 PERRY STREET. Davenport. Iowa. RE/MERS S: FERNALD CO. MANUFACTURERS OF Candy ana Crackers. Also Jobbers in 2,j ^J^^ ^15 €a$t Second Street, nuts, Cigars, etc.««* Daucfiport, Towa. ESTABLISHED 1857. HENRY DARTS SONS. WHOLESALE GROCERS Rock Island. III. A. C. Dart. McNevin & Gansert^ MANUFACTURING CONFECTIONERS M. & G. Menthol Cough Drops. Rock Island, III. NEW COURTHOUSE, ROCK ISLAND, Rodde^SElnnidt FEt^LV NationalKscuit Co. -Manufacturers of CRACKERS AND CANDIES, Branch Office, Des Moines, Iowa. DAVENPORT, lOWA. THE CRESCENT MACARONI CO. MANUFACTU RERS OF ^^= MACARONI SPAGHETTI, VERMICELLI, EGG NOODLES AND SELF-RISING PANCAKE PLOUR Gor. Fifth and Iowa Sts., - DAVENPORT, IOWA. Glias. p. Ranzow & Son, Paints^ PAi.vrs.ojLsjtGL.\ss 1 Oils, Varnishes, Brushes, MSmlSSmMmZ Mixed Paints. "cH\S.V.K\N/0\V& SOX IPS S #" s f^ - 1 R I i M I M JJr-^jCjr^'fC Wa// Paper and Picture Frames. 528-532 W. Third St. ..DAVENPORT, lOWfl.. A. P. DOE & CO. WHOLESALE DEALERS IN... Serviceable, i D j_ O t Qood=Fitting, ' DOOtS and ^hOCS Up=to=Date . . .\ for western wear. ^rEXorm^ro^rv"" no. n? E. second St., DAVENPORT, IOWA. A. BcRDiCK, Prest. H. H. Andresen, \'iLe-Prest. E. B. DAWES, Sup't. F. G. Claisen, Sec"\' and Treas. Davenport Canning and Conserving Co, DAVENPORT, IOWA, LITTLE DUKE PEAS. EARLY CLUSTER JUNE PEAS. DAVENPORT BRAND SUGAR CORN. SEAL OF IOWA SUGAR CORN, BASKET BRAND SUGAR CORN. GOLDEN SLIPPER SUGAR CORN, BATTLE AX BRAND SUGAR CORN, WILD ROSE SUGAR CORN, GOLDEN SHEAF SUGAR CORN. WASHBURN-HALLIGAN COFFEE CO. MANUFACTURERS OF THE PURE QUILL" BRANDS OF Baking Powder^ Flavoring Extracts J" Ground Spices IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF HIGH-GRADE TEAS, COFFEES AND SPICES. OUR LEADING BRANDS OF COFFEES ARE O. G. JAVA and MOCHA, P. Q. JAVA and MOCHA, CUCUTA JAVA and MOCHA, AMBER JAVA and MOCHA. Our Coftees are selected from the best coffee-producing coimtries in the world, carefull}- blended. I're^h roasted, absolute]}' pure. Order from your yrocer. DAVENPORT, IOWA. MOLIXE CLUB— INTERIOR MEW. W. p. Halligan Co. c o j^ r^:^^^ w^o o r> LEHIGH AND SCRANTON HARD COAL THIRD VEIN LA SALLE COAL CABLE'S CELEBRATED LUMP AND NUT COAL. offices: Main Office.— 434 Brady street. A YARDS! Branch Offices.— 422 Harrison Street and JffiL 4'^' to 422 Harrison Street, and Fifth and 436 Fillmore Street. "^ Fillmore Streets. TELEPHONE 171. Telephone 444. Office and Yard: 425 BRADY STREET. A, TREDICK, DAVENPORT, IOWA. The Marquette Third Vein Coal Co. Mines: MARQUETTE, 111. (La Salle District). ^.^ MARQUETTE Building, Chicago. /aoca»-\ Ar-4D MARQUETTE Third Vein is thr purest cuil niint-d in Illinois. / ^-ij n g I MARQUETTE is l,,r;,Les, 2 Tuentv-three Hundred Arsenal Workmen, 4 Pier of the First Bridge 5 First Railroad Bridge Across the Mis- sissippi River, 6 The First Bridge as Rebuilt after 1 )am- age by Fire and Ice, 6 Looking Toward Davenport from the Island Clock Tower 7 ^lain Government Bridge, fne \iews, . S The Aloline Bridge, 9 The Lion's Head, 9 City of Rock Island from the Arsenal Clock Tower, 10 0\erlooking the Island from Moline Bluffs, II The Lower End of the Island, . 12 Fort Armstrong Avenue, 13 The Arsenal Mascot, .... 14 Main Entrance to Arsen.il 15 Black Hawk, 16 Black Hawk's Landmark, 17 Black Hawk Firive, 17 Firing Lying 17 Fort Armstrong, iS The Sun Dial, 19 Where Old Glor\- Alu'ays \\'a\-es, . . 20 Gen. U'inheld Scott's Headcjuarters, 1.S32, 20 Near the Cannon's Mouth, .... 21 George Davenport, 22 Col. George L)a\'enport's House, twn views, 23 Island Trees, five \-iex\s, 24 The Reservoir 25 In Time of Peace, seven views, ... 26 A Paper Target, 27 Main Avenue, near Moline, .... 2S Planted Cannon, 29 Rock Island IMilitary Prison, .... 30 Col. A. J. Johnson, 31 PAGE Military Prison Scenes, fi\e views, . . 32 In Prison I >ays, r^i, Attention, I'lease, 34 Press for F'rinting Targets, .... 34 Boys Covering Canteens 35 The Arsenal Gun Yard, five views, . 36 Island Golf Links, two views, ... 37 The Island Lake, four \ievvs 3.8 The Rodman Mcmument, two \aews, , 39 Meniiirial I lay on the Island, three views, 40 Fort Flagler, 41 A Trophy ... 42 I'~lm I >ri\-e, 43 Heavy Ordnance, fi\e views, .... 44 Light Ordnance, fi\'e \iews, .... 45 Commandant's House and Grounds, fi\'e views 46 Batter)- in Action, 4.S (.ifiicer's Sword, 49 Rear \'iew of Shoii B 50 South Row of Shops, .... 51 Shop K, 52 Blacksmith .Shop and I'oundry, . . 52 Rilles and Carbine, 53 'Lhe Water Power, five \iews, ... 54 New Water-Power Dam 55 (Viovernment A\'ater-Power L>am, . . 56 Headquarters Building 57 Map of Rock Island Arsenal, ... 5,8 Assistant C)fficers' ijuarters 59 .Storehouse A ... 59 Old and New Buildings, six views, . . 60 The Barracks, two views, 6i S>lvan Water, Opposite Moline, . 62 A Bill of G.-j.xls 63 Arsenal Workmen Lea\ang for Home, 64 Foundry and Rollin.g 'SlWl, .... 65 The Steam Hammer, 66 Group of Day Foremen 67 E(iuipments, seven \iews, 6.S LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. The Aksenai., Island and Cakai Continued. Group of Night Foremen, . . . In the Harness Shop, four views, Tlie Tin-Cup Shop, The Main Machine Shop, live views Tlie Blacksmith Sliop, . . . In tlie Carpenter Shop, . . . In the Machine Shop, The Tin Shop, seven \'ie\vs. General Stores, five views. Shipments to Cuba, three \-iews A Corner in the Sewing- .Alach in e Room In the Foundry, fi\'e views, A Pay Envelope, The Crowded Main Axenue, two \'ie Interiors y^{ Shops, fue views. The Old Mill, One of Many Empty Rooms, In Time of War, hve \"iews. Where Machinery Is Needed Getting Ready for Work, . Repairing Rifles and Carliines A Lonely Waj-, .... Gen. Thomas J. f-iodman, . 69 70 71 73 74 75 76 77 7S 79 So Si S2 S4 S6 S7 SS S9 S9 90 91 93 Gen. D. \V. Flagler, . . Maj. Stanhope E. Blunt, Capt. Q. B. Mitcham, . . Capt. W. S. Peirce, . . . Lieut. ( ). C. Horney, The Commandant's Office, Cornelius L Brown, . . Assistant Officers' Rooms, . Civil Engineer Gronen's Office George I )urnin, .... Ready for Fire Cuban Machetes, .... Gen. Nelson A. Miles, . Hundreds of SadiUes, The Arsenal Coat of Arms, L. L. Wheeler, .... A Section of the Canal Ready for W: Illinois and I\lississippi Canal, Show ing .Sluice Gates and Lock 36 Canal Gates, from P'loor of Lock, A Steamer with Tow, .... A Rafter Passing Rock Island, Rock Island —Why so Called, . Iter PAGE 94 95 96 96 97 9S 99 99 100 100 lOI 102 103 104 105 106 107 loS IC.9 no no III 112 MOLINE. The Post Office Building, . Moline Clul) — Interior \'iew. The New Hi-h School, . . i.Y xxiii .x.xi.x Moline Public Hospital, . L'nitarian Church, . Illinois Western Hospital, xxxix xlv lx\ii Ki.iCK ISLAND. The New (jovernment Building, . . \ii \'oung Men's Christi.in Association Building, xiii Modern Woodmen of Amerii-a l5uiUI- ing XV Bjlack Haw k's Inn, xvi Rock Island Count\- Courthouse, Broaduay Presbyterian Church, Augustana College, .... Armor>- Hall, Lincoln School Building, . . .x.xi x.xvii .x.xxvii xliii xlix LA\"ENPORT. Government Building, v Turner Hall, xi Davenport P\ililic Library xix Fejervary Home for Men, .... xxv New Cit\- Hall, x\\v Scott County Courthouse, .... xli Davenf)ort Water Compan\'s \\'orks, xh'ii The Cook Home for Women, . . liii Masonic Temple, Hx Saengerfest Hall, Ixv FACSIMILE OF AUTHORITY FOR THE ILLUSTRATIONS IN THIS WORK. ROCK ISLAND ARSENAL ROCK ISLAND May 6th 1898. Dear Mr.Tillinghast : - Under instructions from the Chief of Ordnance, permission is hereby ac- corded you to take views of buildings, grounds, or shops (exterior and interior) at this Arsen- al . Respectfully y-^ ^ w7\r^ <^ L/^/d^^^-^^^z^t^ — Capt .Ord.Dept .U.S.A. Commanding. Mr.B.F.Tillinghast, Davenport , Iowa, ^11 the viru's not oilicrwisc ciwiHed arc riprodiujions of phologrjpln sp,\ijlh- taken for " T^ock hi and Arsenal : in Teacc and in IVar," by Uvfr. J. E. CALKINS, under tlie most favorable conditions. Cop\Tiffht, 189S, FJV B. 1'". TiLLlNGHAST. An ri^iits reserved. ROCK ISLAND ARSENAL IN PEACE AND IN WAR. WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. (Extract from an otfirial letter from Brigadier-r.eneral S. \'. Bentt, Chief ol" Ordnance, to Hon. I'.eorge W. McCrar\-, Secretar\- of War, March 30, 1S77. i 'THIS ARSi:XAL WILL BE THE GRAND ORDNANCE MANLFACTURING ESTAB- LISHMENT IN THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, ERICCTED AT GREAT E.XPENSE TO THE UNITED STATES, AND WITH A LARGER CAPACITY, WHEN COMPLETED, THAN ANY OTHER ARSENAL WITHIN OUR BORDERS." By B. F. TILLINGHAST, Al'THOR (IF "THREK CITIES .^XIl ROCK ISLAXD ..\RSEX.-\E.' "The \'alle5' of the .Mississippi is, uiioii the wliole, tlie most magnificent dwelling-place prepared by God for man's abode." — De Tocgiicvi/lc' s Democracy in America. #t CHICAGO : The Hexrv O. Shei'.vrd Comp.\n\', Printkks. 1S98. 7^ '-U'/ THREE ARSENAL CITIES. The center of population has moved westuard (in ten years) about forty-eight miles and northward aliout nine miles. It now rests in southern Indiana, about twenty miles east of Columbus. The center of the area of the United States, excluding Alaska (and the new possessions in the Pacific Ocean), is in northern Kansas, in approximate latitude 39^' 55' and approximate longitude 98^ 50'. — Federal Census, iSgo. [The movement of the center of population has been westward at the rate of five miles a year since 1790.] THE Upper Mississippi Valley — tlie most fertile section of equal area in the world — has its center of industrial acti\ity in the three cities \\ hich overloot: the Island of Rock Island. This Island is one of the largest, and b_\' far the most beautiful, in the Father of Waters. Together these cities ha\e a population of some eighty thousand, about equally di\"ided by the great ri\er. This busy community may have a special local interest in the Island and in Rocl<; Island Ai'senal, but this \'ast plant has been built and is maintained by the people of the United States ibr national uses. Strictly speaking, the Arsenal is in no sense more local than the Capitol at Washington, a transconti- nental line of railway or the long and deep artery of trade which floats an immense com- merce from St. Paul to New Orleans. It is not in the least material or significant in what order these closely linked cities — a trinity in unity — are named. Moline, Rock Island and Da\ enport, Rock Island, Da\'enport and Moline, and Da\enport, Moline and Rock Island all con\'ey the underlying fact of a common and inseparable interest. The Island is the park and the pride of each, and it is the unwritten law that no one city has an ad\antage o\er the other in this respect. There are man)- other interests which bind them together and promote the common good. Some of these may be mentioned. PIER OF THE FIRST BRIDGE. >^9TLi NO. 1. FIRST RAILROAD BRIDGE ACROSS THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. FROM THE LOV.'ER END OF ROCK ISLAND TO DAVENPORT. FIRST TRAIN CROSSED APRIL 21, 1856. Sh-c/rh'W hj, 11,', nil Uni,h'J'~h fn.,.i' l^h'^s ./,^s(, .1;/"/ /','/ Ih,' rhuu.jo F >,■■■. BRIDGES. The Government owns and controls all bridges reaching the Island, and they are ample for any p(.>ssibie needs. A moss-covered stone pier, a third ot a mile above the present main structure spanning the river, shows the location of the first NO. 2. FIRST BRIDGE ACROSS THE MISSISSIPPI AS REBUILT AFIER DAMAGE BY FIRE, ICE AND COLLISION, bridge across the Mississipiii lrwn river, 326 I Strings of logs, down river, ,S6S .Strings (jf hiniber, down ri\-e 494 i ^54,839 336,324 335,143 1,656 1.653 419 413 474 4,441 639 A railroad and terminal bridt;e, not connected \\-ith the Island, bnt joining the three cities, is nnw nearing completion, at a cost oi^ more than a million dollars, including the appmaches. RI\'ER, RAPIDS AXr.) CAXAL. The Mississippi Ri\-er is the country's free \\atcr\\-.i\- tijr nearl\- two thousand miles — exactl\- speaking, 1,9^2. At low water the ruer at Rock I>land is 5,34 feet abo\-e seade\-el. The section ot ri\-er known as Ri.ick Inland Rajjids extends from the lower end of the Island nearl\- fourteen miles uj) the ri\er, the lall in this distance being twent\'-one leet. From the liead of the wing dam to the w est end of the Island the distance is 3.20 miles. The fall of the rajiids here is 6.65 feet at high water and 7.55 feet at low water. The improx'ement ot the ri\-er channel through the rapids has engaged the Go\"ernnient's best engineering talent for manv years. Sur\-evs of Rock Island Rapids were made by Lieut. X, B. Buford in 1S29, by H. M. Shre\e in 1S36, by Lieuts, Robert E. Lee and M. C. Meigs in 1837, Lieutenant ^^'arren in 1S53 and by others at later dates. Public attention has been repeatedly called to the great water-power ad\'antages, now piartialh- utilized. Four miles south ot the Island is the western terminus of the Illinois and Mississippi Canal, one of the most important internal impro\'ements the countr\- has ever undertaken. Its relation to the Ciovernment's Arsenal as an added means of transportation is recognized. The subject is deser\Ing ot the more detailed attention it receives elsewhere in this book. OVERLOOKING THE ISLAi-.D FRO:.'. MOL.NE BLuFFS. RAILROADS. Several trunk lines of railroads and their connections are always ready to distribute the fabrications of the Arsenal expeditiously to any seaport or city in the United States. The transportation facilities are unlimited. Some of the railroads centering at the Arsenal are : The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific ; the Chicago, Milwaukee iN: St. Paul ; the Chicago, Burlington & Ouincy ; the Burlington, Cedar Rapids iS: Northern ; the Rock Island & Peoria. STREET CARS AND TELEPHONES. The Tri-Cit\' Railwa\' Conlpan^' furnishes constant communication between the three cities by its excellent and extensi\e s\-stem of electric lines. There are forty- two miles of track, seventy-fi\'e motor and fifty other cars. The roadbed, equip- THE LOWER END OF ROCK ISLAND. ment, power house, barns, etc., represent a cost of $2, 100,000. The passencrer capacit}- of the system is unknown, but the highest number tMis far carried in one day is 65,000. From one end of the line to the other the distance is eight miles. Nearly all railway stations, boat landings, public parks. Black Hawk's tower and otlier places of interest are on or near the street-car lines. Another means of communication between the two sides of the river is the Rock Island and Davenport Ferry. One of the first teleijhone exchanges in the West was introduced here, and it is now one of the largest in proportion to population. The number of telephones in use is 1,450 in the three cities. There is no toll charged, the exchange, like the street-car system and the banks, doing an uninterrupted business, as if State and municipal Ijoundaries did not exist. THE PRESS. There are ten daily papers in the three cities, all working in accord for the general good. In fact, their editors, publishers and reporters have an organization which meets at regular intervals to consider and promote the interests of the com- munit)'. These journals, in the order of their establishment in each cit}', are : The Evening Dcniocrat, Dcr D <: ))i o k >' a t (morning), Evening Times, Evening Leader and Repnblica)i (morning I, in Da\enport ; the Evening Argus and the L 'nion f morning). Rock Island : the Eve)iing Dispateh, Evening J\e- t>ubliean-JournaI and Eveiiiiig Mail, Moline. There are se\'- eral semi-wx-eklv, weeklv and monthly publications. FORT ARMSTRONG AVENUE. A FINANCIAE CENTER. The three Arsenal cities together form a financial Gibraltar, with ample capjital for all legitimate transactions. This is a statement of fact, not ot mere opinion, and is warranted by the latest sworn statements of the several institutions. The eight national banks in the three cities make this showing : Da\'ENPORT. capital. Citizens National ^300,000 First National, 200,000 Davenport National 175,000 Iowa National, 100,000 Rock Isi.,\xd. Rock Island National, 100,000 People's National, 100,000 IMOLINE. First National 150,000 Moline National, 100,000 Total, . . |i,225,oor four miles, when it approaches the bend made 14 bv the ri\'er in turning south. Tlie lihifis ha\"e a \\a\\- or broken appearanee, aftord- ing many chriice ^■ie\^"S or lookouts. At the east, facing the Island, and almost opposite the immense shops, the city ot' Daw-npurt has graded a projecting height and named it Prospect Park. .Some three miles farther down is another small public joark, from which a magnificent \-iew, both up and down the ^-allev, is obtained. Between the line of hills and the rixer the triangular-shaped plateau, genth' sloping to the south, is ample for the accommodation of 150,000 people. The drainage is naturalh- good, street rising aljo\"e street on the sides of the bluffs, like terraces. P)ack of the heights rich rolling prairie e.\tends to tlie north, east and west. MAIN Et-.TRANCE TO ARSENAL. Davenport may pardonably boast of its educational institutions, both public and private, of its many charitable institutions, its schools and churches, its library, Acaclemv of Natural Sciences, of its unsurpassed filtered-water system, its parks, \\holesale and retail houses, cathedrals (being the .See city of the E|)iscopal and Roman Catholic churches;, factories of numerous kinds, — in brief of its thrift and substantial progress. But the purpose of "Rock Isi.axei Arsexai. : ix Peace .\xd ix War" is told on its title-page. It does not pretend to more than glance at the enxaronment of the Island. The three cities of themsehes furnish subject-matter for a ^'olume. 15 THE ISLAND OF THE INDIANS. This was the best Island on the Mississippi and had lon^ been the resort of our young people during the summer. It was our garden (like the white people have near their big villages), which supplied us with strawberries, blackberries, plums, apples, and nuts of various kinds ; and its waters supplied us with pure fish, being situated in the rapids of the river. In my early life I spent many happy days on this Island. A good spirit had care of it, who lived in a cave in the rocks immediately under the place where the fort (Armstrong) now stands, and has often been seen by our people. He was white, with large wings like a swan's, but ten times larger. We were particular not to make much noise in that part of the Island which he inhabited, for fear of disturbing him. But the noise of the fort has since driven him away, and no doubt a bad spirit has taken Jiis place. — Black Hawk, through his interpreter, Antoine Le Claire. THE Island is a fascinating subject for tlie historian, btit the past is so crowded by matters of present moment that little more than the order of events can be given for almost one htmdred and fifty j^ears. According to Francis Parkman in his ' ' Dis- co\'ery of the Great West," Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette first saw the Island in the svunmer of 1673. Ninety-four )-ears later Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia- kiak, or ISlack Hawk, the Sac chief was born on Rock River, a few miles south of the Island. He died in 1838, at the age of seventy-one years. l!y the treaty with Great Britain in 17S3 the Unitetl States was placed in possession of the east bank of the Mississippi Ri\er. The United States gained its right to the Island of Rock Island through the Harrison treaty with the chiefs of the Sac and P'ox tribes of Indians, made at St. Louis in November, 1804. The Island was not definitely occupied by white men, and appears to ha\e had no history, until the breaking out of the war with Great Britain in 1812. The first incident of that war which came home to the Island was Go\ernor Clark's expedition to Prairie du Chien. It was attacked b)- the Indians and nearh' destro>-ed. Campbell's Island, five miles above, was the scene of a confiict in which thirty-six soldiers were killed. BLACK HAWK, Or Ma-ka-tai-me-slie-kia-kiak, 16 BLACK HAV'/K'S LANDMAR^C. December 24, 1S14, the treaty of rihent was con- cluded. September 13 and 14, 1815, treaties of peace were made with the Sacs and Foxes. It was in the year and month last named that Col. R. C. Nichols, commanding the 8th United States Infan- try, was sent up the Mississippi from St. Louis to estab- lish a fort at or near Rock Island. The objects were to occupy the country, protect coming settlers, control the Sacs and Foxes and guard trayel and trade by river. At that time the army was supplied with jH-o\-isions by contractors directly, and not through a commissar)- department as has since Ijeen the rule. George Daven- port, after whom the city of Da\'enport was named, accompanied the expedition as contractor's agent, and transported his supplies in light keel-boats. The expedition reached the mouth of the Des Moines Ri\'er, about 140 miles below the Island, and wintered there on account of the ice. In the fol- lowing April, 1S16, r,en. Thomas A. Smith arrived at the cantonment with his rifle regiment, took command, and proceeded up the river. He arrived at the Island early in May, and fixed upon the foot or west end as the site of a fort which \\as tc) be built. The troops were first landed on the Island May 10, 1816. They went into camp at once and began cutting timber for storehouses. At that time the west end of the Island, which is now bare, except for trees that ha\e been set out along the drives, was covered with a heavy growth of oak, black walnut, elm and basswood. General Smith remained at the Island only long enough to con- struct abatis for the protection of the troops from the Indians and then proceeded north with his rifle regiment. The 8th Infantry, under command of Colonel Lawrence, was left on the Island, and under his direction the construction of Fort Armstrong was begun, the name being chosen in honor of the secretary of war. J> BLACK HAWK DRIVE. FIRING LYING. 17 o ^ 5 W * O CO 5 ii S 1 ■1' g I u ° FORT ARMSTRONG. L'efenses, musters, preparations, Should be maintain' d, assembled and collected As were a war in expectation. — Shakespeare. SE\'ERAL pictorial representations of this blockhouse defense called Fort Arm- strong, of more than eighty years ago, exist. While no doubt they are generally correct, thev differ materially in details. Gen. D. \\\ Flagler, Chief of Ordnance, in his valuable and unapproached "History of The Rock Island Arsenal," with e\'ery opportunity for investigation, says: The interior of the fort was 400 feet square. The lower half of the walls was of stone, and the upper half of hewn timber. The timber and stone were procured on the Island. At three of the angles, the northeast, southeast and the southwest, blockhouses were built, and these were provided with cannon. One side of th^ square was occupied by the barracks and other buildings These were built of hewn timber, u'ith roofs sloping inward, as a protection against their being fired by the Indians, and that the\- might not furnish a safe lodging place for the enemy in an attack. The fort was placed on the extreme northwest angle of the Island. Its northwest corner was about 200 feet from the present location of the Island end of the bridge. Gov. Thomas F'ord In his " Histor)- of Illinois" gix'es this description of Fort Armstrong as he saw it when approaching from the south for west as the r'wtr runs ) in the summer of 1S31 : Fort Armstrong was built upon a rocky clilT on the lower point of an island near the center of the river, a little way above; the shores on each side, formed of gentle slopes of prairie extending back to bluffs of considerable height, made it one of the most picturesque scenes in the Western country. The river here is a beautiful sheet of clear, swift-running water, about three-quarters of a mile wide; its banks on both sides were uninhabited, e.xcept by Indians, from the lower rapids to the fort, and the voyager upstream alter several days of solitary progress through a wilderness country on its borders came suddenly in sight of the whitewashed walls and towers of the fort, perched upon a rock surrounded by the grandeur and beauty of nature, which at a distance gave it the appearance of one of those enchanted castles in an uninhabited desert, so well described in the "Arabian Nights Entertainments." V 'hm^^ THE SUN DIAL. ^9 WHERE OLD GLORY ALWAYS WAVES. As the fort neared completion the Indians showed a disposition to be more friendly, though the soldiers, num- bering about six hundred, were watchful of attacks. "We did not object to their building- the Ibrt on the Island," Black Hawk is recorded as saying, ' ' but we were \-ery ; sorr^•. In reference to the charmed ca\'e in the rocks under the fort, the home of spirits, as Black Hawk imagined, General Flagler writes : The cave was in the face of the limestone bluff at the nortliwest corner of the Island. At high water the floor of the cave was covered and boats could enter. This ca\-e was closed, by buiklini;- the abutment of the bridge across its entrance, in 1.S70. ;_- Fort Armstrong was finished in 1 8 1 7 , but there were no exciting e\'ents until the outbreak of the Black Hawk War in 1S31. Two companies of infantry were stationed there regularly. It was in reality a frontier post, \-isited bv boats only at infre- quent intervals. Judge Spencer, one of the first settlers on the Illinois side, relates that in 1S2S mail was obtained by sending soldiers on foot to Galena, about one hundred miles north. In this way the news of General Jackson's election as Presi- dent was brought to Rock Island garrison. A stirring chapter of \\'estern history is that which deals with the Black Hawk War — the last armed stand taken In' the Indians to hold their lands east of the Missis- sippi. This is not properl)' within the writer's present scope. It may be said, however, that General Gaines, then at St. Louis, came to Fort Armstrong at the head of the 6th United States Infantry. The settlers were all moved to Rock Island, and General Gaines sent for the stubborn chief Keokuk, too, with some of his warriors, attended the conference. War could not be averted, and in the hostilities that followed Lieut. - Col. Zachary Ta}'lor ( afterward President ), Lieut. Jelierson Davis, Abraham Lincoln, and others who became of more than national prominence, took part. More than once the garrison on the Island « as in imminent danger of massacre. The war continued until August 2, 1831, when, after se\'eral re\'crses. Black Hawk's band was [jracti- cally destroyed. The old chief his son Seoskuk and other chiefs were made prisoners and ^.^ winfield scott^s headquarters, 1832. _B^ ^y ^P^gJPWwtS^' ^^^^^^B Ill^Siiii brought to the Ishmd, from whicli the)' Here later taken to Washington. The Gov- ernment took great pains to secure for Hhick flawk a kind reception by the Indians upon his return from the East. The accounts nf a meeting Ijetween the \'anquished chief Keokuk and others on the Island are \erv affecting. Black Hawk afterward established himself with a remnant of his tribe, on the E)es .Moines Rix'cr in Iowa, where he died in 183S. Among the noted men \\-ho came to Fort Armstrong was lien. Winfield .Scott, and the occasion of his \isit is deserving oi notice. The hero of the Mexican War of sixteen years later was then forty-six. He was sent from the East with troops to direct the campaign against the Indians. He journeyed by wa\- of the great lakes, Prairie du Chien and down the Mississippi, reaching Fort Armstrong in August, 1832. A \'irulent type of Asiatic cholera had broken out among the troops while on transports on the lakes, and it was brought with them to the Island. The cholera raged in its worst form in the large camp of jaded troops collected on the Island after the campaign, and was only broken up by distributing the troops in small camps on the bluffs along the west bank of the ri\'er. .Se\'eral medical officers died, and General Scott, in a letter written not long after, ascribed the sa\ing of the army from the scourge to the efforts of his chief medical officer, Surgeon C. A. Einlev, after- ward Surgeon-General during the Civil War. NEAR THE CANNON'S MOUTH. THE ISLAND FROM 1832 TO 1862. There 's but the twinkhng of a star Between a man of peace and v/ar.— Butler in Hiidibras. AT the close of the Black Hawk War Fort Armstrong had «ell served its object— a frontier defense. An end had come to Indian outbreaks and depredations, and the pioneers were free to claim the attractive country. The garrison was, how- e^er, maintained till May 4, 1836, when the fort was evacuated and the troops sent to Fort .Snelling. Lieut. -Col. William Daven- "" ■ port, of the ist Infantry, was in command at the time of the evacuation, and he left Lieut. John Beach in charge, with a few men, to take care of the property. But Fort Armstrong was ne\er regarrisoned, and in No\-ember, 1836, the propertv that had been left was taken away. General Street, Indian agent, had charge of the Island until 1S38, when Col. George Da\enpf)rt was appointed agent, and remained in charge till 1840. Colonel Davenport was the first white settler in the \icinity of the Island, his home for so manv years. He was identified with it from 1815 to Jul)' 4, 1845, when he \\as murdered in his own home by an organized band of robbers and horse thieves. The murderers escaped unrecognized, but were afterward arrested, and three of them — Aaron Long, John Long and Granville Yotmg — were executed on the 19th of the succeeding October. Colonel Davenport was an Englishman, born in Lincolnshire in 1783. After many hard experiences at sea he reached New Orleans in 1806. During his Island years he became famous as a trader, winning the confidence of the Indians. His house, on the northern bank ot the Island, now falling into decay, is shown in the illustrations. The First White Settler on the Island, May, i8t6. , ' J.hn< ,',>'■'■' -/■■'■' '""' l'rr.^''^i:' ''.'/ F<',„r B. )ri/An In 1840 some of the buildings at Fort Armstrong were repaired, and an ord- nance depot was established at the fort. Capt. W. R. Shoemaker was placed in charge of the depot and of the Island, and remained until 1845, when the stores were moved to St. Louis Arsenal. From the year last named until the act for establishing Rock Island Arsenal "was passed, in 1862, the Island was in charge of a ci\-il agent, or custodian, emplo}'ed by the War Department, and it has remained under the control of that department to this time. Thomas L. Drum was custodian from 1845 to 1853: J. B. Danforth, from 1854 to 1857; H. Y. Sla)-maker, from 1857 to 1863. The history of these eighteen years " is lull of persistent and protracted eftorts on the part of squatters, manufacturing, railroad, water-po"\\-er companies and others to procure, by preemption, lease, pur- chase or cession, a title to the lands on the Island." So it appears that the Island has been as great a prize in the eyes of the bargain-driving business men of recent times as it was in the consideration ot Black Hawk and his band, «ho regarded it as their dearest possession. ■M^ COL. GEORGE DAVENPORT'S HOUSE. I. As it was in iS6o. 2, As it is in 1S9S 1 . A STATELY ELM. 2. A NATURAL GRAPE ARBOR, 3. WOODS EAST OF SHOPS. 4. IM THE .JUNGLE. 5. THE LINDEN TREE. ADVANTAGES OF LOCATION. After a careful stud>- of this question of location, there is no position \\iiicli, to my mind, aflbrds so many advantages, and, at the same time, presents so few objections, as Rock Island, in the Mississippi River. In a military point of view it is perfectly secure from an enemy advancing either liy the lakes or the river. From it supplies can be transported in any direction and at an\ season of the year. It is in the midst of a country teeming with coal and wood, and especially adapted to agriculture. The site is elevated far above river floods, the climate and situation are healthy; and while the Island is sufficiently isolated to secure it from sudden attacks, it is near enough to the cities of Rock Island, Davenport and Moline to afford ample accommodations for all the necessary employes. — General Ramsay, Chief of Ordnance, in a letter to the Secretary of War, 1S64. THE chain of circumstances and e\ents leading' up to the great Arsenal of today is of continuous interest. Link has been added to link as administration has been succeeded b^• administration, until the rather rough plans of more than eighty years ago have developed into a system that is approaching perfection. Further on it will be seen that when a crisis came to the country in the spring of 189S, Rfick Island Arsenal was prepared _ ^ to meet the sudden and enormous de- '' '^ niands made upon it for war material in a way that helped essentially in soK'ing the difficulties of the Gox'ernment. The day that peace was declared, after 114 days of hostilities, .Senator Allison, of Iowa, who had supported ever\- appro])riation bill from the first, remarked that during the com- paratively short war the Arsenal had more than repaid the country for the millions it had cost in the e.xtent, variety and character of the ecpiipments, stores and munitions it had so prompth' furnished. It was on the 2d of March, 1825, that the Secretary of War informed the Com- missioner of the General Land Office that the Island of Ruck Island was necessar^• for military purposes, and directed that it be reserved from sale. About the year 1S35, by direction of Congress, two e.xaminations of \'arious sites for a Western armory were made b)' commissions of army officers. In .September, 1S40, the Chief of Ordnance, Colonel Talcott, directed the commanding officer at THE RESERV 25 1. ALONG THE NORTH SHORE OF THE ISLAND 2. AN ISLAND FARM. 3. THE DYKE AND PAPOOSE ISLAND, 4. SOLDIERS AS HAVMAh ERS 5. THE ROAD ROLLER. 6. NO THOUGHT OF WAR. 7 CLEANING UP. St. Louis Arsenal to examine the Island of Rock Island with a \ie\v to its use for ordnance purposes. The resulting report made b\' Capt. William Bell shows the ibresight and breadth of \'iew of that officer. This is e\'idenced li\- the following extracts: Tlie whole Island, containing about S50 acres, belongs to the United States, having been specially reserved from sale. It lies at all times high and dry in the Mississippi, on the side of the Illinois shore, from which it is separated by about 600 or you feet ; its greatest length, lying east and west, being aliout 2.61 miles, and its greatest breadth, lying north and south, being 1,463 yards; its perimeter, or circumfer- ence, being 6% miles. There are but two occupants on the Island ; one at the upper or east end, who has no claim upon the grounds; the other, at the north side, near the water, at the point marked "Davenport" on the accom- panying sketch, which is the name of a very respect- able gentleman who has lived there for many years, and who has gone to considerable expense in orna- ^ paper target. menting the quarter section he claims, and in the erection of buildings thereon. Captain Bell's report accurately describes the Fort Armstrong buildings; recom- mends repairs; speaks in high terms of the towns (Rock Island, then ,Ste\'enson, and Da\enport) on either side of the ri\"er; notes the good boat landings on the Island, and dwells at length on the great a\-ailable water power aftbrded b\' the fall in the ri\'er. He was e^'idently capti\'ated by the natural charms of the locality, for he writes that "the producti\'eness, health and beaut\' of the countr^• surpass anything" he liad seen. In September, 1S41, Congress passed an act for a thorough examination of the whole Western country ' 'for the purpose of selecting a suitable site on the Western waters for the establishment of a national armory." The board of three officers spent eighteen months in making most thorough e.\aminations, its report covering 400 printed pages. Much space was devoted to the Island and man)- exact facts were given. Some of the more salient features of the report are these: This beautiful and interesting Island derives its name from the circumstances of its resting upon a bed of rocks, consisting of limestone in horizontal strata, well adapted to the purposes of tiuilding. It stands in the Mississippi, at the foot of Rock Island Rapids. Its length is about 2's miles, and its greatest breadth four-fifths of a mile. It contains about 800 acres of excellent land, still the property of the United States. The surface of the Island is generally waving, and is pervaded by a broad valley passing centrally and longitudinally two-thirds the length of the Island. With the exception of a few acres cleared at the head of the Island (the site formerly occupied by Fort Armstrong, now used, in part, by the United States as a depot of arms for the Western country, and a large garden, with other improvements, occupied by George Daven- port), the Island is covered with a dense timber growth. The Island is bounded, for the most part, by precipitous cliffs, or abrupt and rocky hill-stopes, its surface rising ten to twenty feet above the reach of the highest freshets. 27 This report, like the preceding- one of Captain Bell, may, with entire modera- tion, be called enthusiastic in praise of the natural advantages offered by the Island for arsenal uses. The board of officers emphasizes the water-power opportunities, discusses the question of dams, the rapid fall in the ri\'er, the rich surrounding countr\', the nearness of beds of coal, lead and iron. "Articles of subsistence of all kinds," the commissioners say, "for man and beast, are abundant, and these are remarkabh' cheap. The site is exceptionalh' healthy, as e\'idenced by the reports, now on file in the office of the Surgeon-General, * -i- covering a period of more than twcnt\- years, during which the number upon the sick list at Fort Armstrong was proportionately less than at any other post in the Western country." Quartermaster-General Jesup, writing to the Secretary of War in 1852, savs : The site of Fort Armstrong, Rock Island, is one of the most valuable in our Western country for an armory. The whole water power of the Mississippi River is available. If a Western armory is to be established, I would advise that it be placed there. I would not advise that any part of it be rented or leased. Hon. A. C. Dodge, Chairman .Senate Committee on Public Lands, writing to the Secretary of War in 1854, ^avs: Rock Island, as you are well aware, has loni; been regarded by a large portion of the people of the Mississippi Valley as an advantageous site for an arsenal of construction. Jefferson Davis, while Secretary of War, in 1854, was the stanch friend of Rock Island as the unequaled location for the Nation's mid-continent Arsenal, and likewise he was the ad\'ocate of ri\'er improvement. He had, twenty-two years earlier, from personal visitation, formed views which were never changed. Justice requires that credit be given Mr. Davis for using the authority of his position to prevent the sale of the Island to settlers, certain influences ha\ing been set in motion to secure that end while he held the portfolio of war. Gen. C. P. Buckingham, October 24, 1862, wrote to the Secretary of War, after some time spent in a study of the Island : The Island is, without doubt, the best place for an Arsenal. It is high and healthy, well supplied with water from the Mississippi River, and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad is easily accessible. Tlie Island contains about 900 acres of land, of which about 200 have been granted by Congress to individuals. The only question connected H-ith the location of an Arsenal at this point is, I conceive, whether it sliall be at the upper or lower end of the Island. Without g(.iing further into the irrefutable argu- ments, it may be said that the full force of all these early (jbservations has been fir more than confirmed. The half century that has passed, the growth in popu- lation of the LIpper Mississippi Valley and the vast region beyond, the coming of railroads and telegraphs, new discoveries of minerals, the partial utilization of water powers, the extensi\e river improvements, all MAIN AVENUE, NEAR MOLINE. 28 these accentuate the reasons ghen so long ago for the location of the Govern- ment's largest Arsenal here. Mere mention is all that can be made of the attempts to locate on the Island on the part of indi\'iduals and companies, ot their temporary success, and of their ulti- mate exclusion through the purchase of their holdings obtained through franchises, the preemption law, and other de\-ious and questionable means. In one instance, \\here a settler had de\-eloped water power at the eastern end of the Island, he was paid $145,175 to relinquish his alleged or real rights. PLANTED CANNON. 29 THE ISLAND AS A MILITARY PRISON I am forbid To tell the secrets of my prison-house. — Shakespeare. DURING the war bet\\-een the States, 1S61-65, the Island was used for a pur- pose ne\'er intended by those who designed it for an Arsenal. It became one of the largest military prisons in the North, through force ot dire circumstances. In the early stages of the Civil War, prisoners were captured both by the Union forces and hx the Coniederates. These prisoners were remo\-ed as far as possible trom the scenes of hostilities. Rock Island was owned bv the ('iO\'ernment ; it was hardly occupied ; it was secure ; it offered ad\'antages /^ "i^n ibr the use to which it \^-as put. J |L So extensive barracks for prisoners of war were IP*^ ^f built in the summer and fall of 1S63. The construction of the buildings was in charge of Capt. C. A. Reynolds, United States Quartermaster's Department, and they were thought to be ample for the accommodation of 13,000 prisoners, though so large a number was never quartered there at one time, or, as the records show, altogether. A full-page illustration shows with detail and accu- racy not only the barracks, but all the buildings on the Island at that time. The quarters for prisoners were located on the north side, near the ri\-er front, a little more than a mile from the lower or western end of the Island. The prison itself took the form of a rectangle, co^-ering about tweh'e acres. The four sides faced nearly north, south, east and west. The northeast corner of the inclosure was oppo- site the lower point of Papoose Island. There were fourteen east-and-west rows oi one-story frame buildings, six in a row. Each of the buildings or barracks was 100 feet in length by 20 in \\idth, with windows on the sides and doors in the ends. They were neither plastered inside nor painted outside, but well constructed for the protection of the occupants. In one end — usuallv the west — of each liuilding «as the kitchen. On either side of the long hall were row s of double-decked double COL. A. J. JOHNSON, U. S. V. Commandant Rock Island Military Prison, 1864-65. 31 ROCK ISLAND MILITARY PRISON SCENES. 1. Bell Tower, Outsiclf Entrance. 3. Administering- the Oath ol" Allegiance. 2. Prisoners Siil^erin.y; Punishment Inflicted b>- Their 4. \'ie\v within tlie Stockade. Own Conrts. S- Prisoners Making Clani-Shell Trinkets. berths or bunks for sleeping. Each building accommodated 120 persons. A main a\-enue, fifty feet wide, di\-ided the seven rows on the north from the same number on the south. Within these walls the prisoners were allowed as much liberty as possible. They were permitted to recei\e newspapers, magazines and books. Letters came to them e^'ery day from their Southern friends, though ever)' piece of mail was opened and inspected and all remittances of money were taken out and receipts issued therefor, these receipts enabling the prisoners to bu}- such articles as w ere not Captain Bucher. ROCK ISLAND MILITARY PRISON DAYS. A. C. Dart. Maj. Frazer Wilson. Capt. J. G. Robinson. contraband. Packages of clothing and other goods were admitted after examina- tion, and all pri-i-ileges accorded Union soldiers confined in the South were extended to these Confederates. The name, home post office address, company and regiment of each prisoner \\as carefully recorded. They were in many cases permitted to work in clearing the Island grounds outside the prison. At one time more than forty carpenters, held as prisoners, were employed on other buildings it was found necessary to construct. Extending around the prison barracks, some fifty feet from the sides and ends of the buildings, was the stockade. This was made of inch boards, tweh'e feet long. 33 ATTENTION, PLEASE! placed on end. Four feet from the top was a platform or par- apet wide enough to allow the sentinels to pass on their beats. Armed guards were always on duty. The "dead line," a sort of trench, paralleled the stockade about twenty-fi\'e feet distant on the inside. Two or three prisoners were shot while attempt- ing to cross the ' ' dead line. ' ' There were sentinel boxes or houses ex'ery hundred feet along the parapet. There were no successful plans of bodies of men to escape. The nearest approach to this was an underground tunnel on the south side of the prison. The tunnel was dug, but before an escape was effected the opening was discovered. Now and then a prisoner did get away, but it was ne.xt to impossible to leave the Island after scaling the stockade or getting through the gates. The prisoners fared well, their rations being the same as those of the Union soldiers who performed guard and garrison duty. Some of them made money by their ingenuity and skill in converting clam shells into buttons and other devices. A number of them, after the war, were content to become residents of this locality. But it cannot be denied that disease entered the prison as it visited the camps of the Nation's soldiers in Tampa, Chickamauga, Fernandina and elsewhere during the war with Spain. The large buildings in the center of the Island, where the Arsenal shops now stand, show the Confederate hospital, and ferther south, on the Illinois side, were the pesthouses. During the existence of the prison, 1,961 \'ictims of disease died here and were buried on the Island. Few traces of prison days remain. One wing of the old post hospital may be seen just east of the north row of shops, and west of the same row are two or three buildings used thirty-five years ago for officers' quarters. They were temporary structures, and nearly all of them ha\e from time to time been removed. The illustration, however, is practically all that is left to recall this unpleasant feature of the Island's history. The military prison was under the control of the commissary-general of prisoners, Brig. -Gen. William Hoffman, and was commanded during the first year after its construction bv Col. Richard H. Rush, and after that by Col. A. J. Johnson, United States Volunteers. Doctor Watson, of Dubuque, was the surgeon in charge, and he was assisted in his duties by Dr. P. Gregg, of Rock Island, and many other physicians. A. C. Dart, now a whole- sale merchant in Rock Island, was post sutler during the life of the prison, and probably has press for printing targets. 34 more records of the period than any other one indi\idual. Thomas Winkless, ex- auditor of Scott County, Iowa., was chief clerk and bookkeeper in the office of the commissary of prisoners. Hornby & .McClelland were the contractors who con- structed the prison buildings, and the firm of French iS; Da\ies furnished the lumber. The cost of the barracks, hospitals, guardhouses, officers' quarters, etc., is estimated to ha\-e been more than $125,000, John \\'ilson Guiteau, now- of New York City, was superintendent of construction under Quartermaster C. O. A. Remolds. From the close of the Civil War to this time the national authorities have regarded the records of all the prisons as a sealed book, but the seal is to be broken. This is shown by the following letter from the chief of the Record and Pension Office of the War Department, under date of May 31, 1S9S, to the author of " Rock Island Arsenal : in Peace and in War " : The United States military' prison on Rock Island, Illinois, was opened about November 11, 1S63, and closed about July 22, 1S65. During that period there were 12,286 Confederate prisoners confined therein. There are no published records of Rock Island military prison, but the records of the several prisons in use during the late war are in process of compilation and will soon be pub- lished in the series of Records of the War of the Rebellion. This, from the Rock Island Aro-i/s of June 22, 1865, about the time the prison w-as closed, fittingly ends this chapter : THE ISLAND BURYING GROUNDS. Above the hospitals, on the center road coming from ;\loline, out of sight from the Gov- ernment buildings, secluded among the trees, lie the Confederate and Federal dead of Rock Island barracks. The reconciling grave Swallows distinctions first that make us foes, That all alike lie down in peace together. Two neat yards, separate and secure, contain the remains of those who have died at the Island since the opening of the barracks. The first is the Federal burying ground, where repose the remains of some 200 Union soldiers, each grave having a headboard giving the name of the deceased, his company, regiment and date of death. A little distance beyond this graveyard, and also inclosed with a secure fence, is the Confederate burying ground, where about 2,000 Confederate prisoners of war lie buried. Their graves are in long, deep trenches, the bodies being placed separately in strong wooden boxes and laid side by side, about two feet apart. At the head of each is a board on which is painted the number of the grave and the initials of the deceased. On the books of the post, against each number, is found a com- plete description of the deceased, his company, regiment and State. Each of these graveyards is wholly cleared of trees, stumps, roots, stones, and the ground neatly sodded over. BOYS COVERING CANTEENS. 35 '"^i^iliifcii' THE ARSENAL GUN YARD. 1. A \'iew rr<.nii Main A\'enue. 2. The Seven Sisters. 3. A Tropb\'. 4. Confederate Trophies. 5, Iron Posts, Chains and Cannon Balls. 36 FEATURES OF THE ISLAND. This beautiful and interesting Island. — Report of Board of Army Officers. AREA AND CHARACTERISTICS. TWO partial descriptions of the Island ha\'e been yi\en : one bv Captain Bell, written in 1840, the other bv an army board one or two years later, but both underestimate the area and omit facts now better known. The Island is not only the most beautiful, Init it is one of the largest throughout the length of the Mississippi Ri\'er. It is exceptional in the respect that a consider- able part of it is above flood mark, and this ach-antage was particularlv taken into account in fixing the site of the Arsenal buildings. From Chicago, the distance bv rail is 181 miles; from the Missouri River at Council Blutts, 316 miles. V>\ ri\er it is 332 miles north of St. Louis and 397 miles south of St. Paul. The Island is about two and three-fourths miles long, and \'aries in width from one-fourth to three-fourths oi a mile. It contains, above low-water mark, 970 acres. Lengthwise the Island lies nearly east and west, and the course of the Missis- sippi by the Island is generall)' about ele\en degrees south of west. The highest ground on the Island is the part where the great shops are located, and this rises from 17 to 23 feet above the highest high water; the rest of the high ground is generally from 14 to 20 feet above a high stage of the ri\-er. All of the high ground rests on a foundation cif gray magnesian limestone, which in places crops out on the surface, but it is mainh- co\-- ered with from one to eight feet of earth, principally loam and clay, and sometimes sand, gravel and other earths. ISLAND GOLF LINKS. GROUP OF GOLFERS. VARIETIES OF TREES. The surface of the Island is wa\'ing, yet not to any marked extent, and it is covered generally, except the building sites, the avenues, the cemeteries and clearings for special purposes, with sparse timber. On much of it the first growth has l)een 37 THE ISLAND LAKE. An Enchanted Spot. The Bridge from Below. Shadows in the Water. Another \'ie\v. remcned, and replaced by a second growth. For the most part the Government's grounds are kept trim and clean, and they ha\e been beautified along the drives by setting out shade trees; but on the lo«-er half of the south side of the Island nature has been almost undisturbed. Here the undergrowth is thick, and some of the trees indicate " the forest prime\'al." This adds to the attractiveness. The native trees are principally oak, elm, ash, basswood, hickory and walnut. AVENUES AND DRIVICS. The a\enues east and west — that is to say, from Da\enport and Rock Island to Moline — are graded, rolled and drained. They are always in perfect condition for dri\ ing. The two cross-a\enues — north and south — are likewise smooth. A car- riage road follows the ri\'er bank from the commandant's residence nearly to the head of the Island, where it crosses to the Moline bridge and then down the shore of Sylvan Water almost to the end. This dri\c shows the miles of dike or embank- ment that has been built to protect the lower parts of the Island from o\erfiow. There are many drives, arched witli interlocking branches, in all parts of the Island, 38 which lead one to quiet retreats. Here the quail may he seen and the music of his whistle often heard. Feathered songsters find their home in large number, and all the year round the gray squirrels hold carnival. A PARADLSE FOR BIRD.S. Shooting and trapping are not allowed on the Island, and dogs are not seen there. It may be said that from Creneral Rodman's time to the present all the com- mandants have taken pains to preser\'e and protect the birds. The result is that their number has been increased and many varieties that are strangers to the sur- rounding country are to be seen. More than eighty varieties have been counted by bird-lovers, nearly all of them song birds. Of game birds, the visitor may see Ouail, Pheasant, Snipe, Woodcock, Plo\er and Rail ; the Sap Sucker, Red-headed, Yel- low-hammer and other Woodpeckers; Night, Hen and Sparrow Hawks: Rock, River and Mud Swallows ; also the Chippy, Sparrow, Red-Eyed Flycatcher, Bee Bird, Humming Bird, House Wren, Linnet, Indigo Bird, Bittern, Phebe, Red-bird, Snow- bird, Bluebird, Kingfisher, Sand Martin, House Martin, Orchard Oriole, Blue Jay, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Scarlet Tanager, Brown Thrush, Wood Thrush, Screech Owl, Great Horned Owl, Catbird, Red-winged Blackbird, Whippoorwill, King-bird, Robin, Cuckoo, Turtle Dove, Yellow-birds, and others. Nearly all of these birds nest and raise their )-oung on the Island. Dense woodlands are sparse in this part of the country, and the heartless warfare of the hunter has nearly exterminated the birds. It is fortunate that parts of the Island ha\'e been left in their original state, and that thev are a natural conser\atory. 1 , THE RODMAN GUN. THE RODMAN MONUMENT. 39 THE NATIONAL CEMETERY. At the upper end of the Island, a few rods from the MoHne entrance, He the remains of nearh' five hundred Union soldiers, most of whom died while serving at this post. The grounds are scrupulously cared for, and on each recurring 30th of May, Memorial Day, the graves are strewn with wreaths and flowers. It is the hon- ored custom for thousands of the people of Da\-enport, Rock Island and Moline to gather there and hold patriotic services. MEMORIAL DAY ON THE ISLAND, The National Cemeter>'. 2. Around the Speaker's Stand. 3. Grand Ann\' \'eterans iti Procession. GENERAL ELAGLER'S HISTORY. The one standard and exhausti\e " Histor\' of Rock Island Arsenal" is that written by (jen. D. W. Flagler. The early histor)- is elaborately recounted. It \\ as published by the War Department in 1877, a work of nearh' 500 large pages, with numerous maps and plates. The vohune mav be consulted at the public library in each of the three cities. ISLAND PRIVILEGES. Visitors hardly need to be reminded that army posts are not public parks, and that strict regulations are framed for their go\ernnient. WTiilc the bridges are free at all times, a permit must be oljtained, except on special f>ccasions, in order to pass 40 the guards at the entrances uncliallengecl. Smoking, shooting, racing, fast dri\'ing and interfering with the workmen are positi\el)' forbidden on the Island. Picnics and refreshments are not allowed. Flowers, plants and shrubs must not be dis- turbed. But between sunrise and sunset, e\ery day, there is no trouble for either residents or \isitors to see the Island, and it is not difficult to obtain permits to the shops. The hotels ha^-e passes for their guests, the li\-erymen lor their patrons. Bicycle permits are granted on application, but the Island is not a highway for driving between the cities. AN ANCIENT BURIAL MOUND. The antiquarian will find much of interest on the Island, an in\-iting field of in\-estigation. The deposit of shells in the earth along the banks of the Mississippi has always attracted attention. Beds of considerable extent are found at the head ot the Island. The layers are usualh- in horizontal position and \'arv from 3 to 4 centimeters to i meter in thickness. A \-aluable paper was presented to the Da\en- port Academy of Natural Sciences, February 28, 1873, which this extract is taken : by A. S. Tiflan\-, frcim FORT FLAGLER. On the Rock Island Arsenal grounds, near the western extremity, there has been an excavation about 300 feet long and So leet deep. At a depth of 3 feet from the top is a deposit of shells, mostly Unios, but including Melanthe Siib-solida, and two or more species of Helix. This shell bed, at this e.xposure, varies from 6 to 16 inches in thickness. Accurate levelings prove the deposit to be 18 feet -w*^?^ above the highest watermark known since Fort Arm- strong was established on the Island ( 1S17 ). In the lower part of this shell bed were found the skull and bones belonging to one individual. The bones were quite fragile, and easily fell to pieces, but a large portion of the skull was secured. There are many fragments, bearing witness that the whole skeleton had been there. Associated with these human remains were found the point of an antler of a deer or elk, and what appears to be a fragment of the shin bone of a bison which had apparently been broken to extract the marrow. The covering was evidently an aqueous deposit, the sedimentary lines being perfect and unbroken. Deposited with and above the shells are gravel and sand, the material becoming finer toward the top, the last foot being fine alluvium and vegetable mold. The section has been visited by many members of the Academy, and by Prof Alexander Winchell, while some of the bones were in place, and all agree that the covering of this pre- historic man was a sedimentary deposit. It is believed that further investigation will accumu- late many evidences that man w as contemporaneous with this ancient shell bed. Prof \V. H. Pratt, in a paper read before the Academy of Sciences August 17, 1877, says ; At the head of the Island, where are found the most e.xtensive accumulations in this region, we find, at several places along the edge of the bank, an additional deposit of shells heaped up above the general shell bed, which is itself very heavy at the same point. One of these heaps is still over two meters high above the regular continuous bed, its contents being similar 41 in every respect. These superficial deposits slope off or thin out inland rather rapidly, extend- ing back but a short distance from the present edge of the bank, and the face of the bank is vertical here down a meter or two to the solid limestone rock, being broken down and washed away by the high waters of every season, thus always presenting a good vertical section of the strata. * * * In this connection we ought not to overlook a bed of shells formerly existing near the foot of Rock Island, at the bottom of which the "shell-bed skull" was found by Mr. Tiffany in the fall of 1S71. Experience and examination of shell-bed mounds have fully convinced me that this was an ancient burial mound. A TROPHY. 42 THE COUNTRY'S ARSENALS. The problem of preparation for war in modern times is botli extensive and complicated. The creation of material for war, under modern conditions, requires a length of time which does not permit the postponement of it to the hour of impending hostilities. It is not the most probable of dangers but the most formidable that must be selected as measuring the degree of militarj- precaution to be embodied in the military precautions to be maintained. Material, once wrought into shape for war, does not deteriorate from its utility to the nation because not used immediately. It can be stored and cared for at a relatively small expense, and, with proper oversight, will remain just as good and just as ready for use as at its first production. The nations of the earth have CAPT. A. T. MAHAN, recognized the world o^■er as a high authority, has written impressively on the necessity of ' ' Preparedness for War, ' ' and the fore- going extracts lea\'e no doubt about his meaning, accepted it as conciusi\e, and their armies and navies are larger and stronger than ever before. It has been the pohcy of the United States from the first. It has built and maintained arsen- als and armories, an increasing na'V'v, seacoast defenses, and the military and na\'al schools in which to give practical and efficient training in war. But it has done all this with a moderation that at times has not given the feeling of security that is the right of the people. To maintain its honor and integrity, and on grounds of broad humanit^•, our country has been forced into war when it was not ready. What if England, Germany, France or Russia had been our foe in the last war ? No sane citizen can doubt that the cost of life and treasure would ha\'e been incalculably greater, the conflict of longer duration and the loss to some, at least, of the seacoast cities frightful to contemplate. But the war with Spain, which has won such brilliant achie\'ements for our arms, has only added new and weighty reasons — inxincible arguments — lor extentling ELM DRIVE. 43 HEAVY ORDNANCE. I. Siuge Howitzer, y-inch. 2. Siege Gull, with Breech Open. 4. Siege Gun, Traveling Position. 3. Siege Giui, 5-iTich, iMriiig Position. 5. Field Gun, 3.2-inch, LIGHT ORDNANCE. I. Field-Gun Carriages in Shop. 2. Catling Guns. 4. Double-Seated Field Gun. 3. Gatling Gun. s. Batter\- Wagon. the entire military and na\al establishment. Ne«- and distant territ()r\- has been acquired, both bv conquest and annexation, and this must be fi.irtified and t^^uarded. Serious questions ha\'e arisen and must arise, and thev can only be answered b\' preparation. There is no escape from the hea\'v responsibilities that ha\-e come uninvited and unexpected. Differences of opinion may exist on how best to sohe the problems, but there can be none on the urgenc\- of preparation for defense. THE FIRST ARSENAL. In the first war the Colonies had neither arsenals nor armories, but in the \er\- year of their independence the States began the manufacture of powder, and a year later (1777) brass cannon were cast in Philadel]5hia. An arsenal was established at Carlisle, Pennsyh'ania, and a foundry and laboratory were, (.m the reCDmmenda- tion of Washington, begun at Springfield, Massachusetts. This was the origin of 45 2. The Shaded La\vii. 3. The Garden and Greenhouse COMMANDANT'S HOUSE AND GROUNDS. I. Tlie Residence. 4. Summer House on the Ri\-er 5. The Gateway. the present National Armor)- there. Bet(.)re 1787 tlie manufacture of smah arms had begun. The arsenal at Harper's Ferry was commenced in 1795. These two arsenals furnished small arms and supplies during the War of 1S12. In 1S38 the Ordnance Department was placed in charge of the arsenals and armories, of which there were twenty-three in the L'nited States at the beginning of the Civil War. Some of these were small : others were intended only for repairs, and still others merely as depositories. \\'isd()m came from experience, and in place of the limited and widely scattered arsenals, it was determined to concentrate the work of arming, equipping and supplying the army. Hence, there are now only five principal manufacturing arsenals in the United States. SPRINGFIELD ARMORY. This is located on the Connecticut Ri\'er, in southern central Massachusetts. Since the abandonment of Harper's Ferry Armory, Springfield has been the only manufactory for small arms — rifles, carbines and swords for the army. The Spring- field rifle, which for so many years was carried by the soldiers, takes its name from this place, where it was gradually developed to its present perfection. This arm was replaced, four or five years ago, by the United .States magazine rifle and carbine, and that gun has since been manufactured at Springfield Armory. Before the war, the average rate of production was slightly o\'er 100 guns a day. This was greatly increased by the addition of a number of machines, until about 320 guns are now being turned out daily, or rather were a few weeks ago. The maximum num- ber of employes at Springfield was reached in the month of July, 1898, when it was slightly o\'er i,goo, with a pay roll for that month of about $125,000. Further additions to the plant have lately been made, and it is expected that before the close of the year it will be possible to turn out 400 guns each day. Springfield Armory is in two parts, separated by about a mile. At one, known as the Water shops, the heavy forging is done ; the parts are then transferred to what is known as the Hill shops, which comprise three large buildings about 300 by 60 feet, each with three floors which are well filled with machinery. There are no railway con\'eniences for transferring between the two parts of the armory, and this has to be done by team- ing through the Springfield streets. It can readily be seen how many economies could be exercised if small arms manufacture were, at least some of it, transferred to Rock Island, with its \-acant shops admirably arranged and all ready for the necessary plant. FRANKFORD ARSENAL. This is located in the suburbs of Philadelphia. It has been established many years and is now the principal manufactory of projectiles for the arm\'. None of its buildings are particularl)' modern, nor are they so well arranged as new ones would be which had been designed particularly for the purpose to which they are now put. 47 WATERTOVVN ARSENAL. This establishment is in the city of Watertown, just outside Boston. It is one of the older arsenals, but its development to its present capacity has only been of recent years. It is the main manufactory of the huge steel carriages tor the large guns used for coast defense, corresponding in that respect to the field and siege carriages now made at Rock Island Arsenal. Watertown' s principal output is the Buffington-Crozier gun carriage for 8, lo and 12 inch rifles. The Arsenal is entirely incapable, howe\er, of producing the number of these required for the service, and the greater part are being made under contract by different private establishments throughout the country. mJ :i lii w A-A^f 'Igl^^ s 1 m ^B!^ "«ISf^^ - Ji f 4- h- %' n ^ *- p^^^^^?^^ f - ^ i i IIP^J t .,.„, ^ 1 J wss^ ^M .,.. • 4h^ mm ■1 BATTERY IN ACTION. Firing a Natioiia! Salute on the Fourth of Juh . WATERVLIKT ARSENAL. This post is located im the west side of the Hudson River, opposite the city of Troy. Its shops ha\e been almost entirely rebuilt within the last ten years. The principal building is the great gun factory, which is nearly 1,000 feet long and 130 feet broad. It is filled from one end to the other with enormous lathes, boring machines, sharpeners, presses, etc., required in the manufacture of our huge seacoast cann( jn. As the largest of these guns is o\'er fifty feet long and weighs about 1 10,000 pounds, the size of the necessary machines for its fabrication can be imagined. Recenth' the necessary machine tools for the manufacture of the 16-inch guns, which, manifestly, must exceed the size and weight of those just pre\'iously mentioned, have been added to the shops, and one of the guns is now in process of fabrication. The manufacture of seacoast cannon is a i)n.ccss wliich cannot be hastened, and from the first boring and turning of the \-arious parts, and their heating and assembhng in the shrinkage, of their rifling, etc., must all be conductrd «ith due deliberation; also the immense amciunt (if care and refinement, fu' greater than tliat required in the great majority of machine shops. Many men, theref ire, cannot be emplo\-ed, and though the shop has been pushed to its capacity of running t\\"ent\- hcnu-s a dav during the recent war, it has not partaken of the stir and liustle and rush « hich ha\"e been so noticeable features ot the recent operations at Rock Island Arsenal. BEXICIA ARSKNAl.. To the four arsenals named must be added that of Benicia, about twent\" miles from San Francisco. Some little repair work necessary to put in good condition any broken or unsendceable parts ot the equipment ot the Pacific Coast is done at that place, but it is in no sense a manufactiudng arsenal. OTHER. ARSENALS, DEPOTS AND STOREHOL'SES. There are se\'eral depots \^"hich, during the Ci\al War (it thirt^■-fi\■e \'ears ago, were used as manufactories, but no longer ha\'e a modern plant and ,ire not capable of ver^' much work. Some of these, howe\'er, during the war with .Spain, ha\"e been running on equipment work for the infantry and caxalry soldier in conjunction with that done at Rock Island. At Allegheny Arsenal, Pittsburg: Columbia, Tennessee, and San Antonio, Texas, operations ha\e been conducted on blanket bags and their straps, ha\'ersacks and straps, saddles, bridles and halters. In all these cases the material had been partly fabricated into the desired article at Rock Island Arsenal, and then sent to these establishments for completion. This became necessary to relie\'e the pressure at Rock Island, the plant not being adequate to tulh" complete all the stores. Fort Monroe Arsenal, at F^ort Monroe; New \'ork Arsenal, in New York Har- bor ; Kennebec Arsenal, at Augusta, Maine, and Augusta Arsenal, at Augusta, Georgia, are the remaining arsenals of the countr\'. They are mainly storehouses for the reception and distribution of the outputs of the other arsenals, and are in no sense manufacturino" establishments. OFFICER'S SV,'ORD. 49 ROCK ISLAND ARSENAL. The Arsenal designed for the manufacture of the carriages, implements and equipments, and harness for both field and siege artillery, is the Rock Island Arsenal. It is the one that is best suited for this work. — Report of General Flagler, Chief of Ordnanee, to Secretary of War, October i, iSgft. Economy dictates the advantage of manufacturing all our field and siege carriages at this Arsenal. Ample and most excellent shops were completed many years ago for this purpose, and are available. — Report of General Flagler, Chief of Ordnance, to Secretary of War, October j , iSgy. THE act of Congress locating the National Arsenal on Rock Island was ap- pro\'ed July ii, 1862, and it appropriated for that purpose $100,000. This was the first action of Congress looking definitely to the building of the Arsenal. Ground for the first building — that now so prominent at the west end of the Island, but in fact only a storehouse and really no part of the acti\'e Arsenal — was broken September i, 1863. The tower of this building is supjilicd with a large clock, whose fice can be seen and whose striking can he heard at a great distance. The dial is twcKe feet in diameter. A REAR VIEV'/ OF SHOP 6, rJORTH SIDE. 50 SOUTH ROW OF SHOPS, REAR \'IEW. THE MASSI\'E SHOPS. The row of fi\'e shops south of the main a\enue is for the Arsenal, and the five north ol the same a\'enue are for the Armor\', The center shop in each row- is the forging shop and fovmdrv of the Arsenal, and the other four are designed ior finish- ing wood, leather and metal working of all kinds, specially for the manufacture of all the material of war. The center shop of the north row is the rolling mill and forging shop for the Armorv, and the two shops on either side of it are finishing and wood- working or " stocking" shops for the manufacture of all kinds of small arms. The center shop in each row is only one storj- high, and the other four ha\'e a basement and three stories. The ground plans of all the ten shops are alike. Each building consists of two parallel wings, 6o bv 300 feet, 90 feet apart. This lea\'es an interior court 90 bv 238 feet. The porticos at the sides project 12 feet, and are 60 feet wide, and those in front prryect 2 feet and are also 60 feet wide. The total area of each shop, including thickness of walls, is 44,280 square (eet — a little more than one acre. The walls of these buildings are entirely of stone. The e.xterior or face stones are hea\-v ashlar, laid in courses, jointed, and ha\'ing a squareh* broken face, \\-ithout tool marks. The backing is rubble, laid also in courses, and has its face, which forms the interior of the wall, well pointed. The average thickness of the walls is as follows : First story, 3 feet 4 inches ; second story, 2 feet 10 inches ; third story, 2 feet 4 inches. The amount ol material entering into the construction ot one of these buildings is enormous. In shop A, the first built, for instance, there are 30, 115,800 pounds of rock, 26,0000! copper, 362,5000! slate, 1,331,5000! lumber, 2,199,646 of iron, 3,132,800 of brick, 200,000 cif plaster. These shops are not onlv the largest and best I'or arsenal and armor^' purposes in the United States, but thev are hardlv equaled in the world. Xo other arsenal 51 SHOP K. TYPICAL OF TI-IE EIGHT REGULAR SHOPS, in this country e\ en approaches Rock Island in its spacious, soHd, costly and endur- ing buildings. In the rear of three of these shops are fireproof stone storehouses. Aird of corresponding modern completeness are the barracks for six families and 170 men, the commanding officer's quarters, the subaltern officers' quarters, the general offices and fire-engine house. One powder magazine has been completed, though it is not intended that any considerable amount of powder will e\-er be stored at the Arsenal. Safety demands that it should be stored at the regular powder depots. ^^ : — X „j3s;«7;a^^' ^-rFptfw-^.r4^^* ,? THE BLACKSMITH SHOP AND FOUNDRY, 52 WHAT THE ARSENAL HAS COST. A ciuestidii of material \aliK-, and mie that it lias not Ijecn eas^- to correctly ans«"cr, is this : " What has Ruck Islantl Arsenal cost?" The in\'estnient co\"ers a period of thirlv-six \ears, and there is actnal and lull \alue to show for it, the appmijriatifins fir preserxation and pnidnction of snp|ilies and e(inii)nients not heintc included in the following' recapitulation oi cost ot construction work from 1S63 to September, 1S9S : Under Maj. C. P. Kings- bury, iS63-i,S54 . . . . Under Gen. T. ]. Rod- man, 1864-1X71 I'nder Gen. D. W. Elag- ler, 1871-1SS6 Under Col. T. G. Baylor, i,SS6-iS.S9 Under Col. J. M. W'hitte- more, 1889-1892 . . . . Under Col. A. R. Buffing- ton, 1S92-1S97 Under Maj. S, E. Blunt, 1S97-189S Totals CONSTRUCTION OF BriLLilNGS ROCK ISLAND AND OTJ-[ER WATER PO\\KR. ARSENAL \\ORK. # 231,384.72 ROCK ISLAND MACHINERY IIRIDGE. I '^ND SHOP FIXTCRES. 1,855.455-62 $440,506.35 J 6,664.33 I 4,137,675.24 ! 591,911.47 I 160,894.74 : 192,000.00 201,200.00 322,000.00 ! 96, 250. IX) ' 44,000.00 S 231,3,84.72 2,302,626.30 4,982,481.45 663,450.00 69,000.00 101,000.00 ■ 67,500.00 i,5(X).oo 73,150.00 16,496,215.58 11,596,067.82 182,318.48 I 25,000.00 I 377,318.48 315,125.50 50,000.00 I 432,625.50 28,375.00 98,627.20 I 201,652.20 1789,628.05 1309,627.20 19,191,538.65 1. THE NEW MAGAZINE RIFLE. THE CAVALRY CARBINE. SPRINGFIELD RIFLE. 53 I. The Big- Line Sliafl. 4. Wire Transmission. THE GOVERNMENT WATER POVyER. 2. Dynamo Room. 3. Putting Cable on a Tower. 5. Main Cable Driving Wlieel. 54 THE GREAT WATER POWER, The low-water flow of the Mississippi River here is 26,000 cubic feet per second ; the high- water flow is 251,000 cubic feet per second; the average flow is 62,000 cubic feet per second. Using the low-water flow of the river, about all of which will be available, we have 45,500 gross horse-power, the second largest water power in the world, Niagara Falls ranking first. Here, 3S4 miles below St. Paul, there are rapids over a succession of rock\- chains extend- ing across the river, and the descent is 20.4 feet in a distance of 14.75 rniles. The rapids consist of a series of pools alternating with rapids over rock in place, which crosses the river in a series of dams; these are called chains, and there are ten such designated on the United States Engi- neer's maps. — Extracts from ati Address by E. W. Boyntott, City Engineer of Davenport, before tlie Western Waterways Convention, held in Davenport, October ^ ajid 6, iSgy. EXPERIENCED engineers from the early da\-s ol sixt\' \'ears ago and more, when Lieut. Robert E. Lee. and others made sun'e\'S of the Rock Island Rapids, up to this time, have remarked the great a\'ailable water power that the fall in the Mississippi Ri\er furnishes at all stages. The economic value of this power, so long acknowledged, has been intensified during the past decade that has w^itnessed such wonderful advances in our knowledge and application of electricity. The Rock Island Rapids water power is more than a possibilit}' — it is an actuality ; one that runs giant machines in the Arsenal shops and in the cities of Moline, Rock Island and Davenport; one that tiu'ns night into day by its illumination; one that makes this locality great as an industrial center, and one that must make it much greater in the Jf.-cA .'^^■^ ^'.^^^ NEW V/ATER-POV.'ER DAM. (The two wings are 192 and 20S feet long-, respectively, witli a lieav>' triaii;:,'-ular pier at tlie angle. There are t\ventj--fi\'e wheel openings — twelve in one win.^' and thirteen in the other, i 55 G'jVLK[-.:vlLN 1 v\ ATER-I-UVVER DAM, FROM BELO'A'. near iuture. Water ixi^-er, both (le\x'loped and unde\-clopecl, is the prized prisses- sion of tliis biis\- C(")niiniiiiit\'. Ihis water pdwer, as lias been sliown in the extract at the head of tlic chapter, is ahiKist unhmited. On it tlie United States Go\ernnient lias constructed dams and m'ates which niakt- ready for use as wanted nearly 4,000 horse-power. The Mohne Water Power Company will ha\e, when the inipro\-ements now uiuler wa\- are com- pleted, thirty Kates in their dam. The)' ha\e modern wheels, each ot^ which Ki\es them 100 horse-jiower with an ordinar\- 6>2 '"'r 7 foot head of water, or they hA\e altogether a de\x-loped horse-ijower of 3,000. The Arsenal has fort\- openings in its fine dam, and eiKht of tliese openings lia\e whet;ls in them. The ( io\-erninent, therefire, has at its command for supplying the .Arsenal with nioti\-e [.xiwer, ulien the thirty-two wheels are put in, a cajiacity of 4,000 li(.)rse-]>ower, as stated. The iiiipro\-ements in progress, for which contracts were let last August, consist in running a water-tight dam fi-om the Duck Creek chain of i-a]-iids down the ri\ er until it meets the present Arsenal wing clam al)0\'e the head of the Island, with the anticiijated effect, instead of ha\ing the head of the water obtained from the east end of the Island down, of getting that fi-oni die Duck Creek chain ux-stward. This, at low stage of water, it is expected, will add about 2>j feet to the head and fi-(.)m twenty-li\e to fift)- \)cv cent to the a\'ailable water power at the dams. 56 THE ARSENAL IN PEACE. To be prepared for War is oik- of the most effectual means of preserving Peace. — U'as/i- iiigton to Congress, January S, ijQ<>. SIXCIC ( jeneral Lee surrendered tn ( "leneral ("irant, the cuniniandi-r of tlie L'ninii ariii\', 1)11 A]jril 9, 1.S65, at Apix miatti ex Ci mrtln aise, X'irt^inia, tin- criuntr\' has been at peace. The energ'\- and wealth ot the jieMjile ha\e fur tliirtv-three \'ears been closeU' directed to de\'eloping' the mar\-eli)US resources ol the Nation. .So intent were the people in iiiu'suint;- the arts of industr\', coninierce and agriculture that the\' tor- got the a.xiom ot the old |ihi- loscipher, ''We should pr(i\'ide in Peace what \\'e need in \\'ar, and the more nn idern truth ol " Eternal \'igilance. " Congress has been asked time ancl again h\ officials of the arm\- and na\'v to make m(Tre liberal approi";riations for ecjuipment and defense, in \"iew of an emergenc\" that might sutldenh" confront the ci iu)itr\\ Repeatedh" has the Chief of Ordnance, (icn. D. W. I-dagler, pointed out the urgent necessit\", in the interests of econonn" as well as of defense, for nmre nione\- «"ith wliich to ])ro\"ide the enijitv shoiJS at Ri>ck Island Arsenal with machinery But the coimtr\- had fallen mtu a state of ( i\erconhdence and iniwarranted securit\'. From this it was snddenK' aroused wlien, on ,A]:)ril 25, i.Sg.s, fornial declaratiiin r)f wai' was recommended In" President .A[cKinli.'\', and a bill declaring that "war exists between the I'nited .States laf America and the Kingdom uf .Spain" passed both hemses of Congress. (.)uickh- came the calls for 125,0001 \"olunteers ; for 75,000 mure \a ilunteers, and f"or immunes. The force of the regular arni\" was largeh* increased, .uid in a few weeks the little organization ol less than 25,000 effectixe men was enlarged to 27S,500. The na\'v was strengthened. Battleshii)S were bought w here\ er the\- :.JLARTERS BUILDING, 57 5S 3-- ^TA^JT FFITERS ^UAFTEh could be found, and old hulks, to be later sunk, were pressed into the service. The volun- teers \\-ere ready, and the a\'ail- able maximum of 10,000,000 men for militar)- duty «'as in reser\e. Hundreds of millions of dollars were offered the ( Gov- ernment. But with all these magnificent " sine\\'s of war," there was delay ; costly, im- patient and dangerous waiting. The willing soldiers could not be equipped, and they were not for nearlv three weary months. The great Washington's injunction had been dis- regarded. War came, and the country was not prepared for it ; and a cessation of hostilities followed after 114 days, gi\-en to "getting ready" rather than to fighting, so far as the army was concerned. Had the foe been a stronger power, what in reason would have been the consequences? What Rock Island Arsenal has done in time of peace, owing to the inaction ot Congress, is far below what it might and ought to have been. It has slowly added to its machinery and men, and its output has been steadily increased, but not at a rate equaling the Nation's prog- ress in other directions. The history of the Arsenal for the past eight years is told officially in the following" ex- tracts from the reports of the Chief of Ordnance to the Sec- retary of War, and in those of the commandine officer : \_From the report of //le C/iief of Ordnance, October 10, /.Vyy.] The manufacture of equipments for the infantry, cavalry and artil- lery soldier, the horse equipments for cavalry and the artillery har- ness has been transferred to the Rock Island Arsenal. This trans- fer, while largely increasing the force of workmen and manufac- tures at Rock Island, will afford much needed space at Watervliet for the accessories of gun-making. STOREHOUSE A. (Located at the foot of the Island, and the only one of the Arsenal buildings in full \-ie\v of passiiiij trains. ) 59 1. ELEVATION OF A SHOP'S SIDE PORTICL 2. THE OLD HOSPITAL. 3. A POWDER MAGAZINE. 4. ALONGSIDE SHOP A. .5. QUARTERMASTER'S OFFICE. 6. LUMBER DRY-HOUSE. A further transfer of manufactures from other arsenals, including field carriages and implements, is contemplated to be made to the Rock Island y^rsenal in order to concentrate there as much work as is consistent with the best interests of the public service. \_From Ike report of the Cliief of Ordiianec, Oeloher /, /A'v/,] It is expected at an early date to utilize some of the excellent and extensive facilities of this Arsenal for manufactures by transferring the construction of field and siege carriages and the equipments therefor, and some other manufacturing uork, \o this Arsenal. \^From the report of Capf. M. IT. Lyon, commanding Rock Islatid Arsenal, fiinc ^o, iS<)/P\ During the year the equipment plant of W'atervliet Arsenal has been transferred here, and all the work formerly done there is now included in our manufactures. The standard of work turned out has improved, and no complaints of any kind have been heard by us. \_FrotH the report of the CInef of Ordnance, October i, iSc)2. ] The manufacture of field and siege artillery carriages has been transferred to Rock Island Arsenal, and the plant therefor is being established. The manufacture of nearly all equipments for the army is already established at this Arsenal. 6i SYLVAN WATER, OPPOSITE MOLINE. [From the report of tlie Chief of Ordnance, October /, iSgsf] The necessary work required for placing old and new machinery in other shops has been progressing rapidly, with a view to preparing for the additional output required of this Arsenal. [From the report of the Chief of Ordnance, October /, /i^p/.] The plant for the manufacture of field and siege artillery carriages inaugurated at Rock Island Arsenal two years since is now in active operation. It is organized for the construction of: (i ) machine-gun carriages ; (2) field-gvm carriages, steel, for 3.2-inch breech-loading field guns ; (3) limbers, caissons, battery wagons and forges for 3.2-inch breech-loading field guns ; (4) carriages and limbers for ,s-inch breech-loading siege guns and 7-inch breech-loading howitzers. The equipment of the infantry, cavalry and artillery services are largely supplied from this Arsenal. * ' * More machinery is needed and should be added for more economical work. [From the report of the Chief of Ordnance, October /, iS<)^.'\ All infantry and cavalry equipments, artillery harness, target materials, and other similar supplies for the use of the army and the militia, are manufactured at Rock Island Arsenal, and this work has been satisfactorily performed during the year to the extent of the appropriations available therefor. The field and siege gun carriages and implements for our artillery service are manufac- tured at this Arsenal. [From the report of the Chief of Ordnance, October 1, aV<.i6.] The work to be carried on in the various departments at the Rock Island Arsenal included the completion of fifty 3.2-inch field-gun carriages, with their limbers complete ; twenty 5-inch siege-gun carriages, and twelve 7-inch howitzer carriages. 62 The receipts at this post from the army, with smaller lots from the militia and sundry persons, consisted of 7S0 lots, weighing about 550,000 pounds, and the issue, principally to the army, amounted to 1,894 lots, a.ggregating in weight 1,300,000 poiuids. The Arsenal designed for the manufacture of the carriages, implements and equipments, and har- ness for both field and siege artillery, is the Rock Island Arsenal. It is the one that is liest suited for this work. All of these carriages are of steel and are of new types, and the requirements admit of only the highest excellence in the character of work that it is possible to obtain. The plans contemplate the ultimate addition to this plant of all the machines that Shop G can accommodate, for use in times of emergency, and it is believed that the shop has sufficient capacity, when so utilized in connection \\ ith such work as could still be performed in the general machine shop, to make the annual output about 240 field car- riages, 360 caissons, 40 combined battery wagons and forges, 30 traveling carriages and limbers for the 5-inch siege guns, 30 carriages and limbers for the 7-inch siege howitzers and 30 for the 7-inch siege mortars. ■J.- |;crcU Isbtul irsriwl, ^ _' S" _,^^„:^ I- ' --~-* ^..™ J ^-nd^r? *^'-i,' '■- -., -i=T-<'-« . '-'.^rr t -T- r-:t ! -I^r." \l\\.^C^ . iJtrlt: ji'di-sr'^;;' """'■'' 1 Colt* rnbiiar, oilier. .13 ) -^ UfLICATE. A B'LL OF GOODS, carnages ^FroDi the report of t/ie Cliict of Ordnance, October /, fSqj.~\ During the fiscal year the infantry equipments, cavalry accouterments, horse equipments, material for target practice, artillery harness, field and siege carriages, caissons, battery wagons and forges, and many other articles required by the army, colleges and militia, have been manufactured at Rock Island Arsenal, and most of the issues to the army, colleges and militia have been made direct from this Arsenal. The construction of the field and siege carriages, with their limbers, caissons and battery wagons and forges, has also been pushed at this Arsenal to the extent that the limited plant available for this work would permit, for the accumulation of the reserve of these carriages that will be required for immediate issue in case of emergency. [Fro)n tJic report of Capt. S. E. Btiint, coinnianding\Rock Istand'^Arse?iat, Juty :;!, iSoy,'] The manufactures at Rock Island Arsenal during the year (1896-97) have been of two general classes, the \arious articles of infantry equipments, cavalry accouterments, horse equip- ments and other similar ordnance stores, which were made to a value of 1:235,571, and field-gun carriages, limbers, caissons, battery wagons and forges, 5-inch siege carriages, 7-inch howitzer carriages, siege limbers, with the necessary implements and eciuipments for the artillery service and repairs to the same, and to Gatling-gun carriages and limbers, all to a value of 1182,713, or a total value for articles manufactured of 1418,285. In addition, a large amount of work was done on field and siege carriages, \\ hich are still in hand. The force employed, which was considerably increased during the last months of the fiscal year, numbered 550 employes of all grades at its close. 63 ARSENAL WORKMEN LEAVING FOR HOME. THE ARSENAL IN WAR. The efficient work done at Rock Island Arsenal durini;- tlie few months of the late war with Spain has more than returned, in advantage to the country, the great cost of its construc- tion. — Hon. \V. B. Allison, Chairman, Senate Committee on Appropriations. TT has been the tmchanged intention of tlie ^\'ar I)e])artnK-nt and of Congress, ^ since 1S62, to make Rock Island Arsenal, in the words r)f Cicneral Iienet when he was Chief of Ordnance, " the grand ordnance mamiiacturing establishment in the Mississip]ji X'allev. with larger capacit\- when completetl than ixxw other Arsenal within our borders." The brriad plans that ha\e been so well laid, when (iill\- completed and the shops are crowded to their capacit\-, li:>c>k to the arming, ec|uipping and stipplving of an arm\- of 750,000 men. It is estimated that the cajjacit\" of this Arsenal will be, finalh', from two and rme- half to three times that of all the arsenals the United States had during the Ci\'il War, and tulh" equal to all the necessi- ties ol the Northwest and the Mississippi \'allev, from the Alleghanies on the east to the Rockies on the west. An approach to a realization of this grand design has been made during the war of this year with Spain. Like magic the incomplete Arsenal responded to the hea\ y demands made upon it. It should be borne in mind that while not more than one- fifth the floor space is supjdied with the special machinery required, Rock Island Arsenal has been first of all the arsenals in the United States in the magnitude of the work performed, in the great \-ariety of product, in the number of employes and in the aggregate of wages paid in a single month. In the respects named, in the large size and sulistantial character of the build- ings, and also in the area of the military reser\ation containing the Arsenal, Rock Island stands preeminently first. FOUNDRY AND ROLLING MILL. 65 VARIETY OF PRODUCTS. At this Arsenal all the numerous articles that go to make up the equipment of the infantry, ca\ airy and artillery soldier, with the single exception of his arms, are fabricated. The blanket bag, with its straps, in which the soldier carries the articles of clothing which are kept about his person; the ha\ersack, intended for his rations; the canteen, fashioned from sheet tin and coxered first with felt and then with a heavy thickness oi duck, which the soldier uses for his water supply or for carrying his coffee between camps; the meat can, a most ingenious device, part frying pan, part plate, with the handle which secures all the parts together, are made here; also the tin cup, used as a coffee boiler, which b\' its handle can be carried con\enienth', secured to the ha\ ersack. Knives, forks and spoons used in the mess equipment are also fur- nished from here; and the bayonet scabbards, made in the rough at other arsenals, are sent to Rock Island to be finished with the leather frogs and the swi\'el, and large brass hook which permits the soldier to carry them. The cavalry and horse equipment, comprising first the saddle, made from the raw lumber through its different operations of planing, cutting into length, trimming in the band saw, gi\'ing finished shape on the eccentric turner, and finally smoothing and preparing for the assembling of the completed tree, are all performed here. The tree, afterward covered, first with rawhide and then with leather, is then furnished with the nec- essary rings, hooks and straps iiir carrying the ca\'alryman's many articles. Carbine scab- bards, great leather pouches f is- tened to the saddle and forming the receptacle lor the carbine when the soldier is mounted ; saddlebags, which for the cn\- alryman ser\e the same purpose as the blanket bag of the infan- try soldier, are made out of leather and pnjxided with the necessary con\'eniences lor car- r\ing them on the cantle of the saddle; surcingles, curb bridles, watering bridles, halters and their straps, lariats, picket pins, nose bags, horse brushes, cur- r\combs, all from their names sufficiently specifying their use, are also a part of the output of this Arsenal. Pistol holsters, ThIE STEAM HAMMER. 66 1. W. C. \'erder. 2. J . D. Johnson. 3. Hiram Shunk. 4 Otto Corken. G. D. Petcher. H. H. Schoede, Philip Morgan. F. H. Davis. GROUP OF DAY FOREMEN 9. W. B. Lancaster. \V. H. Carl. R. C. Munson. D. C. Thompson. H. S. Bollman. Emil Beck. George Patterson, Master Machinist. spurs and straps, saber belts and plates, the saber knots and other articles of the cavalryman's equipment are likewise produced at Rock Island, besides hundreds more of comparati\x-ly minor importance. FIELD AND SIEGE GUN CARRIAGES. In the preceding- chapter on "The Arsenal in Peace" it has been shown from the official reports of the Chief of Ordnance how- the \-ariet}- of work has been extended during the past few- years. The need of the partial preparatii->n has been more than demi-mstrated by the shiiiments to the front during the past few- n-ionths. Reference is made to the manufacture of the 3.2-inch field carriage, with its limber and caisson, its battery wagon and forge ; and also the carriage and limlier for the 7-inch howitzer and for the 5-inch siege gun. These are made of steel, f >rged anci fashioned to shape under hann-ners and presses, and finalh- assen-ibled into the finished 67 1 . FOR PEACE OH WAR. 2. FRYING PAN. 3. DOUBLE-V'/EB BELT, 4. SADDLEBAGS. 5. INFANTRYMAN'S EQUIPMENT. 6. A BLANKET. 7. CAVALRYMAN'S EQUIPMENT. article. To these are also added the most innumerable articles Ibrmini;' a part of a battery equipment — the sponges, priming wires, sights, anvils, lanterns. To con- tinue the enumeration would be almost equal to taking an in\entory of a hardware store. Artillery harness for these batteries is made here, with its great number of spare parts issued to the ser\ice. A GREAT WORKSHOP FOR REPAIRS. Besides the regular fabrications, the Arsenal is a great workshop for repairs upon all of these stores, first issued to the field and then, after much ser\ice, turned in as no longer being cjuite equal to the "work required of them. Here they are again put into shape, worn parts replaced, old parts cleaned where possible, until the article assumes almost the appearance of new. A DEPOT OF ISSUE. The Arsenal is also the greatest depot in the countr\- for the issue of supplies to the army. Much oi the ammunition and many of the small arms made elsewhere are sent to Rock Island and from here distributed to the soldier. The receipts and shipments are, therefr>re, enormous — much more than those of all the other arsenals combined — and the railroad track with its sidings is alwavs well pro\"ided with cars. 1. Chris Pederseii. 2. ].H. Winter. 3. Homer Tilton. 4. Samuel Westberg. J. B. Schoessel. H.J. Rislev-. 7. C. C. Wilson. S. W. H. Bragdon. 69 AN INDUSTRIAL C1-;NTER. TliL' r;ipi(lits- with which the normal number t)(' emplo}'es, about ti\-e hundred, was raised to nearly six times that effecti\-e force in the emergency of the war hardly needs comment. It demonstrates that the great plant is ready for expansion, and that the uutput can he increased to almost an^- extent without confusion. The character ot the employes is shown b)- the qualit\- of tlieir product. (_jO\'ernment work is of the highest standard. This cluster of cities, Da\enport, Rock Island and I. General \'i IN THE HARMESS SHOP. Cuttin.f;- Room. 3. .Another \'ie\v. 4. Canteen Straps. Moline, is an industrial center, with thousands of tu'tisans, mechanics and other skilled laborers. When the local sup]:)ly is inadecjuate, the demand can be quickly met. The \>\tt\v fictories, steel works, tixle and wdu-el shops are the largest and best ot their class in the countr\-. SO.Mi: OFMCIAL I'ACTS. The annual report for 1S9S of Alaj. .S. E. Mlunt, commandant at Rock Island Arsenal, to the Chief of ( )rdnance, is one of the most interesting antl important e\'er made tn.mi this [Xist. It cowrs a period of nearly fourteen months, anil includes the time of most acti\ e o|)erations. It gi\ es exact information on many jiciints not 70 THE TIN-CUP SHOP. elsewhere accessible. Permission to use essential jjarts ot this report has been s^rantecl, and the tacts in the following summary may, therefore, be regarded as entirely trustworthy : GROUNDS AND BUfLDINGS. The grounds and roads on the Island ha\e not onh' been maintained, l)ut much improved and made more attractive. In this regard o\'er two hundred \'(_)img trees were set out along Main a\'enue. This a\-enue throughnut its length has been resurfaced with macadam. ENORMOUS I^XPEXDITURIvS. The experience of the present war, urges the report, has fully demonstrated that for the proper supervision of the many and varied manufactures of this Arsenal, and for the insi^ection of material and stores received and issued to the army, more assistant officers are necessary. The magnitude of the operations of the Arsenal, with its 2,900 employes, its day and night shifts, its purchases of material for fabrications of field and siege carriages, and for equipments for artillery, cavalry and infantry soldier, as well as of completed etjuipments from many con- tractors, '■ ""' "■ can be briefly summarized by the statement that since April i, 1S9S ito August 15), they have involved expenditures from funds allotted to this Arsenal of over 1^2,600,000. It is recommended that quarters be provided for two of these officers. 7i THE MAIN MACHINE SHOP. I. A General \'ie\v. 2. 400 Horse-Power Engine, Shop C. 3. Making iMeld-Giin Carriage Trails. 4. Bed Frames for Caissons — Machine Shop. 5. Sloller at Work, Shop G. FIELD AND SIEGK CARRIAGES. Major Blunt .tiives some space to the c()mparati\cly new and highU' important department of field and siege carriages. The basement and first floor of the west wing of Shop G have been prepared for use as a machine and erecting shop for field carriages, limbers, caissons, battery wagons and f trges, and for siege carriages and limbers. He adds: For these two lloors the following machines were purchased and all installed during the winter, with their counters and other subsidiary shafting : Si.x engine lathes of different sizes, three column shapers, eight upright drill presses, three milling machines, one planer, one horizontal boring and drilling machine, one universal radial drilling machine, one bolt cutter and two tool grinders. The necessary number of machinists' bench vises and grindstones were also procured and placed. * * * To provide additional facilities for rapidly turning out THE I^AIN BLA y jTIITH jHnP field and siege carriages, etc., the preparation of the basement and first floor of Shop G for the reception of machinery has recently been extended to include its central portion and the east wing. In the central portion the first floor on its street front will comprise a commodious tool room, extending from wing to wing, and so provided with machine tools that all tool mak- ing and repairing will be conducted within its limits. Convenient office and store rooms have been made on the court side of this part of the shop. The basement and first floor of the east wing are now ready for the installation of the machinery which has been ordered under the appropriation made for this purpose at the last session of Congress. Some of the machinery has been delivered, and it is hoped all will be established and in operation before the close of the calendar year. The plant still remaining in Shop C is sufficient and suitable for a very limited production of field and siege carriages or for repairs upon those that may be turned in from the field. Operated in connection with the larger plant in Shop G, it is estimated an annual output can be 73 readied of about ninety field carriages, ninety caissons and fifteen battery wagons and iorges, or fifteen complete six-gun batteries; and in addition about twenty siege carriages, with their limbers. It is beliex-ed this is not sufficient for the probable needs of the army and that a further provision should be made for completing the plant on the first fioor and basement of Shop C and for its extension into the second floor. .SMALL ARMS. Last winter tlie work was begun of cleaning and repairing a number ol Spring- lield rifles sent to Rock Island Arsenal tiir that purpose. The necessary |)lant was established in rather a small -\\-av, lieginning «ith an output ol abr)ut fort}- guns a da\'. The demand greatl}' increased and the work was extended until it occupied the entire fr(.)nt and most of the west wing of .Shop D. l.ate in June eight}--fi\-e men and bo\-s turnetl out about f\ve hundred ciimpleted rifles or carbines a day. In lul\' there was an increase to about six hundred rifles a day. The increase of the number to be repaired from the original iu,ooo to nearly 50,000, and from the more moderate output of 100 a day to the 600 finally demanded, also added consider- ably to expenses lor equipment. Up to June 30, when 31,000 had been repaired, the cost per gun for tools and equipment had been about 3 cents, the cost for material used in the work about 3>+ cents, and the labor charges about 61^ cents, or a total cost of about 6S cents a gun. N THE CAKPENTER SHOP. 74 FROM Pl'.AC]-: TO WAR. The transitinn of the Arsenal Irum the (irdinar\- state in time ol^ peaee to the actixity and rush of war siuldenly loreed upon tlie eountr\- eame without confusi("in. In a tew weeks the normal foree ot less than 500 eni|)lo\-es was increased to more than 2,900. New niachiner_\- was installed as new men were added. How the Arsenal met the emert;"ency is descrilied by .^hlior Blunt in these words: Until this year no canteens had been made at this Arsenal, the surplus left over from the war of 1861-65, when repaired and recovered, being sufficient to meet the ordinary demands of the army. Tlie production of meat cans and tin cups had also been always on a moderate scale. The plant in the tin shop had, therefore, comprised only one power press and one power shears, with several Iblders and other minor tools. * '■ * Soon five large presses, one of them l)ack-geared, and one medium and four small presses were added; also two double- A CUHI'IER IN TH ACHINE SHOP seaming machines, two forming rolls, seven burring machines, two wiring machines, one large and one small turner, one beading machine, one groover, four squaring shears, two 30-inch and four 20-inch folders, one setting-down machine, four soldering and two double-seaming stakes, as well as a number of minor tools and appliances, were added. In the equipment part of the machine shop the plant for the manufacture of buckles, rings, loops, squares, lirass hooks of different shapes, saddle irons, ovals and studs, curb bits, snaps, and the many other similar parts of infantry, cavalry and horse etjuipment, had been based upon the ordinary demands of the army in time of peace, and was entirely inadequate for the immense increase in production so suddenly rei|uired IVom the Arsenal. As lor the other shops, the necessary machinery was, however, soon obtained, until fifteen power |)resses ot difl'erent sizes, two 3-spindle and one i-spindle drill presses, two hand milling machines, two 14-inch and two ii-inch speed lathes and a number of different minor bench tools and appli- ances had been added to the shop equipment. Thirteen additional tiraziers' furnaces were also 75 76 GENERAL STORES. I. Coixls of 'I^argels. 2. ' )pen Ammunition Cliest. 3. Slo\cs in Stock. 4. Steel Horse Collars. 5. Bayonets. installetl, and a 75(.i-g'allfiii Spring"tie]d .gas machine and a Stnt'te\ant stccl-prussure blower tn provide the neces.sary fires. Increased facilities were likewise added to the blacksmith shop, the ii"iundr\' and other departments. How this enlarged the output one paragraph from the report "\\ill ex]:)lain : In the west wing of Shop G nearl_v four liuiidred men and buys engageil in sewing, first tlie felt ;md afterward the duck cox'ers upon tlie canteens as made here, or upon tliose purchased trom contractors. The tbrce, as they became more expert, linall\' rea''hed an (.lUtptit of S.ooo canteens per day. In all, nearly seven hundred men and boys were empl(.)\ed on this floor. Further details as to how the lurce was multiplied tmd the output extended and \-aricd will ])ro\x' interesting. .Major Blunt sti\'s : On March i, iSg.S, the usual force of sligiitly less tlian li\e hundretl men was employed at the Arsenal, engaged in work upon field carriages and caissons, siege carriages ami limbers. 77 and thf different articles of infantry equipment, cavalrjf accouterment and horse equipment uiiicli, under the usual orders, had been undertaken earlier. Work was so progressing that all tlie equipments, based upon the ordinary demands of the army in time of peace, would be completed late in June ; the siege carriages and limbers were nearly finished ; the field-carriage work had only been started a few weeks before. The record shows that the war which came was anticipated, and, so far as possi- ble, preparations made for it, March 9, General Flagler, the Chief of Ordnance, directed by wire ' ' that work be pushed on all existing- orders as rapidly as possible, and that extra shifts of workmen be employed. ' ' Steps w ere promptly taken to comply with instructions, but three days later the telegram of March 9 was partially rescinded. March 26, orders came to manuficture 25,000 sets of infantry, equipments, and the number of men was increased to 608 at the end of that month. April 5, orders came in these words : ' ' Press work on all field and siege carriages as rapidly as possible, employing extra shifts of men as fir as economical." April 21, instruc- tions were received increasing the infmtr\' equipments to 75,000 sets, and ordering 10,000 sets of horse equipments and 100 sets of artillery harness for led horses. The next da\' equipment work was put into two shifts, the first of ten hours and the second of eight hours. This a few days later \\'as changed to ten hours for each shift, and work was so continued twenty hours per dd\ until the reductions began, early in August. I. A l-'ull Carload. SHIPMENTo TO CUBA. Loading the Carriages. Caissons ami Liint^ers. 78 On May 5, continues Major Blunt, a telegram was received directing me to provide 54,000 sets infantry equipments, 5,000 sets cav- alry accouterments and 5,000 sets horse equipments in addition to those previously ordered, and spec- ifying that they were to be turned out at the rate of 1,500 of the for- mer and 2uo of the latter per day, or faster, if possible. I was also advised that the commanding offi- cers of Allegheny, Indianapolis and Columbia arsenals and the master harnessmaker from San Antonio Arsenal would visit this Arsenal to confer with me regarding what fab- rications could be advantageously undertaken at their respective ar- senals. This conference was duly held, and as a result the manufacture of 30,000 each of blanket, bag, shoulder and coat straps, haversack straps and canteen straps was commenced at Allegheny Arsenal ; of 25,000 blanket bags and straps and haversacks and straps at Indianapolis Arsenal, and also at Columbia Arsenal ; and 3,000 saddles, curb bridles and halters at San Antonio Arsenal. All the buckles, hooks, rings and other similar parts of these equipments were made here and sent to those arsenals ; the duck for blanket bags and haversacks was stamped here and then shipped there. The curb bits for the bridles and the saddletrees were also completed here. Many of the smaller tools were furnished, and also men to serve as foremen. TI-IE bEV'/iriG-MACHINE ROOfvl. May 9, telegi'aphic orders were recei\'ed for the manufacture of 102 field car- riages and limbers, 150 caissons and limbers and 17 battery wagons and forges, and instructions to also procure material for 24 carriages for siege howitzers and for the same number for 5-inch siege guns. June 6, instructions were received to ' ' manu- ufacture or to procure by purcliase " 10,000 sets cavalry and horse equipineiits in addition to pre\ ious orders, and that the work be ' ' prosecuted with all possible dispatch." June 15, orders came to make up 3,600 more sets of horse equipments. To meet these ' ' rush ' ' orders it was necessary to let contracts among fifty-two bidders for work to the value of $570,602. June 22, directions were wired to increase what might be called the " mess outfit" part to 5,000 per day, or to 6,000 if it could possibly be done, and steps to reach that number were at once taken. June 25, the manufacture of 148 sets artillery harness for wheel horses was ordered, also 1S8 sets for led horses ; and on the 27th, instructions to pro\ide 75,000 addi- tional sets of infantry equipments, except cei-tain specified articles. July 7, 12,000 more sets of horse equipments were asked for. These large orders made the calling on contractors imperati\'e for work amounting to $208,087.50. At this time there were forty-six different firms or indi\iduals deli\ering finished articles of ordnance stores at Rock Island Arsenal, ready, after proper inspection, for issue to troops. The larger part of this order for 12,000 sets of horse ecjuipments it was, ho\ve\'er, contemplated to fabricate at this Arsenal, where the facilities for all such w ork had been \'ery much increased. To quote from Major Blunt' s report again : 79 IN THE FOUNDRY, Pouring Oft'— Brass I-VmndrN'. 2. Iron-Mellin,i;; Furnaces, .^. The Main Molding Room. 4. Old Shells for Recasting. 5. The Brass Molders, 80 CONTRACT WOKK. At the clijse of the war, 131 different firms or indixiduals were, or had been, delivering material at this Arsenal, and the amounts of some of the principal stores ordered were as follows : 351,400 yards of dyed duck and i,lio,s,(„,o yards of cotton webbing, of various widths, for haversacks, blanket bags and canteen covers ; 654,1)00 pounds of tin plate for meat cans, canteens and tin cups ; 79,900 pounds brass wire and 89,500 pounds of sheet brass for the buckles, rings, hooks, etc., of the different equipments; 954,000 feet linen rope for lariats; 205,300 pounds harness-leather backs and 1,262,000 s(|uare feet collar, bridle and bag leather for straps, saddles, carbine scabbards, saddlebags, etc.; ii6,2(jo pounds of copper and 1,161,900 pounds of steel and iron fjr gun carriages, etc., and for the various parts of equip- ments ; 133,000 feet of basswood and ash for saddletrees, and 69o,0(.»j feet of other lumber for ammunition chests, ]iacking boxes, work benches, etc., besides many thousand pounds of minor articles. A PAY ENVELOPE— EXACT SIZE. WAR PERIOD PAY ROLL. THE NUMBER OF WORKMEN ,-\ND AMOUNT OF MONTHLY W.\GES AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. March 31, 1.S98 April 30, 1S9S May 31, 1S98 June 30, 1S9S July 31, 1S98 NAME.S ON ROLL. AMOUNT OF MONTHLY ROLL. 608 $ 32,708-39 1,077 48,789.06 1,784 90,179.82 2,312 126,659.24 2,902 175,030.73 It will be observed that in the last three months, when work was being |)rosecuted more nearly to the capacity of the Arsenal with its present plant, the sum paid in wages to the employes aggregated nearly 1400,000. No difficulty whatever was experienced in securing all the men to whom employment could be given — in fact, the applications far exceeded the vacancies in all grades, from the skilled mechanic to the laborer, and, if the capacity of the filant had so permitted, several 81 times Ihf number actually employed could have been obtained. The single exception to this was in regard to harnessmakers, but even in this case I believe no difficulty would have been experienced if the magnitude of the orders to be ultimately given had been known to me more in advance. EFFICIENT EMPLOYES. As the force was increased, the necessity for foremen and inspectors familiar with the successive operations (for there was no time to teach and develop new men) grew with the expansion of the work. They were found among the old employes, and from their ranks a number of temporary appointments to these positions were made. They proved capable and efficient, and when necessary, as was frequently the case, worked overtime with entire willing- ness; in fact, the spirit they displayed permeated, with very few exceptions, the entire force, the men being apparently animated by the desire to observe the shop rules and regulations to the best of their ability and to render all possible assistance to the Government in the existing emergency. Major Blunt in particular conimentis Mr. Cieorge Patterson, master machinist. Mr. Patterson was transferred from Water\'liet Arsenal, where he had been the prin- cipal assistant foreman in the Armory giui factory while Major Blunt was himself in charge there. Speaking of Master Machinist Patterson, the commandant says: His experience and abilities have since proved of great value, and with his assistance many modifications in the details of manufacture have been introduced which will considerably diminish both the time and cost of production, especially of gun carriages and similar work, but also of many articles of equipment. THE CROWDED MAIN AVENUE. I. .\ Morning Scene. 2. In the E\'eninj 82 THE ARSENAL'S Ol^l'PUT. The principal articles of ordnance altogether or in part, and receixed from nia-\- be tabulated as follows: stores, either made at Rock Island Arsenal contractors between Aj^ril 15 and August 15, ARTICLES TOTAL PRO\ IDEn. 3.2-inch breech-loading ritles and other field guns, 25 Carriages, 3-inch and 3.2-inch breech- loading rifle 53 Limbers, 3.2-inch and 3.6-inch breech-loading rifle 210 Caissons, 3.2-inch and 3.6-inch breech-loading ritle, 120 Combined forge and battery wagon, I Carriages, 7-inch siege howitzer, . 1 1 \'arious implements and equipments for 3.2-inch and 3.6-inch batteries, 1,390 \'arious implements and equipments for ,5-inch and 7-inch batteries, . 705 Miscellaneous artillery im|ilements and equipments, 914 Artillery harness, led-horse, sets, . 479 Artillery harness, wheel-horse, sets, 14S Artillery harness, extra parts, . . 2,440 Springfield carbines, caliber .45, . 17,500 Springfield rifles, caliber .45, . . 24,300 Colt's revolvers, caliber .38, ... 23 Sabers and swords, 2,447 Carbine slings, 8,085 Carbine-sling swi\els, 4,626 Cartridge belts, calibers .30 and .45, 37,325 Cartridge-belt plates, 5", 444 Cartridge boxes, calibers .38 and .45, 7,069 Pistol holsters, calibers .38 and .45, . 16,157 Knapsacks, light artillery, . . . 150 Saber belts, cavalry 18,880 Saber attachments 16,129 Saber knots, 2,377 Spurs 43.307 Spur straps, 52,324 Waist belts 1 1,317 ARTICLES. TOTAL I Bayonet scabbards, hook attach- ment, Blanket bags, Blanket-bag shoulder straps, pairs, Blanket-bag Coat straps, ]iairs, . . Canteens, Canteen straps, inlantry, .... Canteen straps, cavalry, .... Gun slings Haversacks, Haversack straps, Meat cans, Tin cups, Knives Forks, Spiions Waist-belt jilates, Curl) bridles, Bridles, watering, Curb bits Carbine boots, Carbine scabbards, Currycombs, Halter headstalls Halter straps, Horse brushes, Lariats, Lariat straps Links Nose bags, Picket i^ins Saber strains, Saddles, Saddlebags, pairs, Side lines, Saddle blankets, cavalry and artil- lery, RO\ IDED. 194,432 68,79s 88,560 71,767 259,505 202,162 27,207 155,885 143,932 152,495 241,599 260,248 210,21 1 184,029 287,923 21,223 1,051 20,973 4,546 7,041 20,520 29,769 18,333 25,087 20,641 11,588 30,445 5,836 17,031 27,335 14,674 13,801 20,262 2,848 STORES RECEIVED AND ISSl^ED. During the first nine months of the fiscal year (beginning July 1, 1897), the usual amount of infantry equipments, cavaln,' accouterments, horse equipments, materials for target practice, artillery harness, carriages, caissons, projectiles and powder, small-arm ammunition and many other articles of ordnance stores were issued to the regular army, to colleges and to the militia, and a great quantity of similar articles in an unserviceable condition \\ ere turned in here for the repairs necessary to make them again fit for issue. 83 ibN JB ' I i:t f I I I 1 ! I. The Paint Shop. INTERIORS OF SHOPS. 2. An AUic. 3, Caissons and Limbers, 5. Tons of Saluting- Powder, 4. Small-Anns Stores. 1 )uring the last (luarter of the fiscal year these transactions greatly increased. I have, therefore, in the following table, separately included tliem, and though not properly belonging to the year, vet, as forming part of the issues of the same war period, have also added a report for July, 1.S98. The weights are gi\ en in pounds. RECEIPTS OF ORDNANCE STORES FROM REGULAR AND VOLUNTIiER ARIIV AND MILITIA. JULY I, 1897, TO MARCH 31, iSqS. .AI'RIL 1, 189S, TOTAL FOR JUNE 30, 1898. ' '"^*''- JUL^, T^gS. In less than carload lots . . . 542,720 542,720 256,857 799,577 1,008,083 1,008,083 192,796 125,059 Totals 1,264,940 1,807,660 317,855 ISSUES OF ORDNANCE STORES TO REGULAR AND VOLUNTEER AR.MV AND MILITIA. JUL^■ I, J897, TO ^^\RCH 31, uSgS. APRIL I, 1S98, TO JUNE 30, 1898. TOTAL ri.R \EAR. JULY, 1S98. In less than carload lots . . . In carload lots 1,031,010 756,938 3,388,128 J.7.87.94S 3.388,128 1,286,347 436,9'5 Totals 1,031,010 4,145,066 5,176,076 1,725,262 The total weight of issues and receipts of tliese finished stores is 6,983,736 pounds for the fiscal vear ending June 30, 189.S ; for the four montlis from April i to July 31 it is 7,451,123 pounds. Considering so much of tlie war jieriod as extended from April i to July 31, the stores issued to troops aggregated 5,868,328 pounds, or an average of 48,101 pounds per day, Sundays included. This statement of an average hardly permits, howe\er, an accurate judgment of the daily shipments of the Arsenal during its heaviest period. They were much lighter in April than in the following months, and had begun to decrease in the latter part of July. About the middle of June they for days at a time e.xceeded i20,0(jo pounds. COST OF CONTRACT WORK. While fairly favorable prices were obtained for the |i, 110,000 worth of finished articles of ordnance stores procured under contracts, yet in all cases they exceeded, in some instances considerably so, the cost at which similar stores were at the same time being turned out at the Arsenal. ARGUMENTS FOR THE ARSENAL. Taking different items for comparison, Major Blunt far more than makes good his state- ment. In the matter of saddles alone there would have been a saving to the Government of about 130,000 if sufficient saddles had been in store at the breaking out of the war, or if the plant at Rock Island Arsenal had permitted their manufacture with the necessary rapidity. And besides this, as the commandant says : " It must also be remembered that the articles obtained by purchase, especially at such a jjeriod, as has uncjuestionably been the case with most of those recently jirocured under contracts, are often inferior, both in material and workmanship, t... 8S tliDse |)ri>duced in the Guvernment shops. This fact was universally acknowledged by all con- tractc )i-s who visited this Arsenal during the last few months and examined the work in progress. ' ' Assuming the cost of purchases to average about 14 per cent, the commandant reasons it "would mean an expenditure of about |i5o,ooo since the declaration of war that with proper facilities for manufacturing at this Arsenal need not have been made." UNDEVELOPED CAPACITIES. Rock Island Arsenal, observes Major Blunt in concluding his report for 1898 to the Chief of Ordnance, " has now a water power sufficient, if properly utilized, for operating all the machinery that could be placed in its shops. It has ten as fine buildings as exist at any arsenal, or as can be found at any private establishment. They are admirably suited to the purpose for which they were erected, yet in only one of the ten has an adequate amount of machinery been installed, and in two others only fractional parts of the shops are occupied. " As at present equipped, only about one-fifth of the floor space avail- able has been used for machinery and employes, and it is consequently no exaggeration to maintain that the recent output has borne only that proportion to what could have been accomplished if every floor of every shop had been provided with power and machinery and other facilities for the proper prosecution of work. " 'What the undeveloped capacities of the Arsenal are can be surmised by considering, with the multiplier suggested, the figures given in a pre- vious summary for its summer's output. Substitute for some of this product, if deemed advisable, other lines of manufacture not yet intro- duced, but for -which the buildings and their surroundings are adapted, and it will be evident that if the capacity of the Arsenal were fully devel- oped, it would easily prove equal to the task of expeditiously and econom- ically producing the equipment for a large army. " To attain this end considerable sums will, however, be necessary, but, if judiciously expended, no better or, in the long run, more econom- ical use could be made of the public funds." ThIE OLD MILL AT THE HEAD OF ThIE ISLAND. 86 THE FUTURE OF THE ARSENAL. God grants liberty only to those who love it, and are always ready to guard and defend it. — Daniel Webster. IT has been shown by official figures how Rock Island Arsenal promptly met the sudden and enormous demands made upon it dm-ing the war with Spain ; but \'ast as the output was then, and \-aried as the products were, the Arsenal was not taxed to more than one-fourth its capacity- when fulK- completed. No one is more intimateh' acquainted with the building of the shops or with what the\' are intended ONE OF MANY EMPTY ROOMS to do than Gen. D. W. Flagler, the commandant fi'om 187 1 to 1886, and fo>r the past eight years Chief of Ordnance, United States Army. (jeneral Flagler, in answer to questions in regard to his plans for the tuture of the Arsenal, anclMn a couAersation diu'ing his late \'isit of insjjection to the Island, said; I have in no particular changed my \iews as to the wisdom of completing Rock Island Arsenal in accordance with my plans at the time I left it in 1886. No new buildings have been commenced since that time, only because appropriations for their construction were not a\ ail- able. The buildings still required to complete the plans are as follows: Two stone storehouses like A and Storehouse K, already built. These are to be located — Storehouse I at the intersection of South and East avenues, and Storehouse B at the intersec- tion of Xorth and West avenues. S7 ■■^-^i'f.mn^fnc. 1. GOING TO THE DEPOT. 2. PACKING EQUIPMENT. 3. A STOREHOUSE. 4. AN UPPER FLOOR STOREROOM. CARS READY FOR LOADING. WHERE MACHINERY IS NEEDED. Three brickl storehouses for lumber, iron and steel, and for artillery and artillery pro- jectiles, similar to the lumber storehouse south of Shop C, are to be located in rear of Shops G, H and D. (The location of all the shops, other buildings and avenues are shown on the map of Rock Island Arsenal on page 58. ) Coal sheds for storing and elevated track for dumping coal in rear of Shop E. A hospital, stables, and about four additional sets of officers' quarters. Nine additional inexpensive wooden laboratory Liuildings on the site which has been jjrepared for laboratories, on the west side of West avenue, on the plateau near Sylvan Water. There are recjuired not less than two additional ammunition magazines, similar and adjacent to the one already constructed, near Sylvan Water, and about 6,su yards west of West avenue. Two small powder magazines, about midway between East avenue and .Moline bridge, but about 500 yards from each other. The location of these is shown on maps of the Arsenal which I have prepared. The total estimated cost of these tmildings is 1465,000. V\fater wheels, penstocks and fixtures for utilizin!< the water power and machinery for transmitting the same to the sliops are also required. The cost of these depends upon the plans employed. The utilization of the five Armory shops at an early day is very important. I cannot say that the late war has made the wisdom of utilizing these shops any more apparent, as I think this was impossible. The necessity for the Armory, in connection with our military system of not keeping a large standing army, but of being ready to make one when required, is a plain and perfectly apparent fact. It appears to me that no experience could make it plainer or more apparent. I left at the Arsenal plans and estimates for the machinery for these shops. I should think that, roughly, it would not be much less than 11,250,000. REPAIRING HIFLES AND CARBINES. CAPACITY OF THE ARSKNAL. 1 have always placed the capacity of the five Armory shops at 2,500 rifles, revolvers or carbines per day. The adoption of magazine arms reduces this estimate, but I still think that by working two shifts of men the output could be made 2,000 per day. The capacity of the five Arsenal shops south of Main avenue is not easy to state, because of the great variety of manufactures. A part of Forging Shop E, three stories of Shop G, and probably a part of Shop H, would be used for the construction of field and siege carriages and their imjilements and equipments. The use of a large part of Shop C, as is done now, for repairs, general w.irk and a harness shop would naturally continue. A large part of Shop A, probably all of the three lower stories, is required for the manufacture of field, siege and small- arm ammunition, except that the loading or charging of the same — that is, all operations involving the addition of the powder — would be continued at the laboratory buildings on West avenue, south of Shop A, which have been mentioned. The rest of these buildings, including nearly all of the t<.p stories of four (if the shops, are designed for harness and equipment work. They re(|uire additions and much fitting up to adapt them for this work, but can be made avail- able. Temporary wooden buildings could be added for this work if necessary, but I think our experience during the past summer shows that this would not be necessary. I think this expe- rience has shdwn that there «ould be capacity for turning out, should it be required, 10,000 90 sets of infantry equipments, and their complement of horse equii)ments, per day. The manu- facture of artillery harness would be carried on in the same shops, but so much time is required for the manufacture of this harness that it would be wise to carry a part of the harness on hand. Our experience during the past summer shows that the capacity for the manufacture of small-arm cartridges should not be less than half a million per day, and it would be better if it could be three-quarters of a million. The three lower stories are ample for this, and also for the manufacture of the requisite amount of field-artillery ammunition. I have not the means at hand of estimating the cost of the machinery and for completing the fitting up of these five shops as proposed here, but do not think it would be much, if any, less than |6oo,ooo. The principal item would be for machinery for manufacture of small-arm cartridges, and, next to that, the additional machinery for the manufacture of carriages, and machinery for the manufacture of modern field-artillery ammunition. The annual report of the Chief of Ordnance to the Secretar\' of War bears date October i, 1898. It is a document of far more than ordinary import because it co\'ers the work done during the war with Spain, and makes suggestions and recom- mendations in the way of providing for the future. In this review ( General Flagler devotes more attention to Rock Island Arsenal than in any other report that he has made. Following are e.xtracts : For many years the annual appropriations for these equipments (infantry, cavalry, artil- lery and horse) have been barely sufficient, with the utmost economy, to meet the annual consumption of the regular army. There was, therefore, only a small supply of these equip- ments on hand at the commencement of the war. It has been the plan of the Department to be prepared to manufacture and supply the equipments as fast as armies could be raised. A portion of the Rock Island Arsenal was con- structed for this purpose. It is important to determine from our experience in this war whether this plan is feasible for future wants. Much credit is due to the commanding officer of the Rock Island Arsenal for his vigorous and efficient labor in installing the plant at the Arsenal and providing these equipments. Attention is invited to his report. (The report of Major Blunt, here referred to, will be found on pages 71-86 of this book. ) The plant was installed and the number of employes engaged on the work was increased from about 400 on April 13, to about 2,900 on August 31, 189S. On the latter date the department was turning out about 6,000 sets of infantry equipments per day. The work was commenced on April 13, and pushed with all possible dispatch, and in advance of the appropriations made by Congress in the two deficiency bills of May 31 and July 7. Funds were not available for enabling the De- partment to take ail)' action for increasing field artillery tor armies taking the field, until April 2t, 1898. The number of batteries that could be equipped was abso- lutely fixed by the number of modern field guns on hand. There were not enough carriages and harness W ^tSmrii even for these guns, and the manufacture of the car- if.^-.v.. r\ . .» » ^ ~ -■■ - riages and harness was at once commenced at the Rock Island Arsenal, and pushed to the utmost, and the same action was taken in regard to implements and equipments of all kinds at this and otlier Arsenals. There was a shortage of harness at the outbreak of the war, but the resources of the Rock Island Ar- senal enabled this to be made up rapidly enough to keep pace with the completion of the carriages and A LONELY WAY. CaiSSOUS. 91 (/icjicral Flagler de\'otes two pages of his printed report to re\ie\ving the work done at Rock Island Arsenal, adding the following comment : On March i the number of employes was something less than 500, while on July 31 over 2,900 employes were engaged at the Arsenal in doing various kinds of work there under- taken. No great difficulty was experienced in securing all men to whom employment could be given, with the single exception of harnessmakers, and, had the magnitude of the orders to be ultimately given been known in advance, it is probable that even these workmen could have been obtained. Previous reports have been made as to the inadeciuacy of the post hospital. It is an old frame structure, erected during the Civil War. The inspector-general has reported that this liuilding is "utterly unfit for hospital purposes, and not worth repairing." Estimates have been repeatedly submitted, and are again included this year. It is really a cruelty to place a sick man in this structure. The supervision of many manufactures at the Arsenal requires more assistant officers. The magnitude of the operations of the Arsenal, with its 2,900 employes, its night and day shifts, purchases of material for artillery, cavalry and infantry soldiers, and the inspection and examination of equipments received from many contractors, has involved since April i, 189S an expenditure of over |;2, 600,000. (This was up to the middle of August. ) Additional quar- ters are required for assistants, and steps should be taken to provide at least two sets of officers' quarters. A large number of Springfield arms and other ordnance stores have been repaired at the Arsenal. Perhaps the most interesting leature ol the report of the Chief of Ordnance, certainly so to the readers of " Rock Island Arsenal : in Peace and in W.\r," is found in his discussion of the Springfield Armor\-. He sa\s : The experience of the department during the late war with Spain has emphasized the necessity, frequently pointed out in my reports, of equip- ping another armory for the manufacture of small arms. The utmost capacity that could be provided at the Springfield Armory would be about tw^o hundred completed arms for each eight hours' work, or about five hundred per day, since only two shifts of ten hours each can be worked with due regard for economy and perfection of work. A large reserve of magazine rifles should be provided as soon as pos- sible. To this end the armory buildings at Rock Island Arsenal should be utilized. Their equipment with the necessary machinery, which has already been begun, should be pushed to completion and the manufacture of magazine arms commenced. The capacity of these buildings is sufficient for increasing the daily output to 2,000 magazine arms per day. 92 COMMANDANTS AT THE ARSENAL. 'Tis an office of great worth, And you an officer fit for the place. — S/ial-espeare. NO Go\-ernment post in all the United States has been nmre fa\-orecl from the beginning in the high character and acknowledged fitness of the officers designated to command it than Rock Island Arsenal. The War Department al\va\'s has regard for the special tiiial- ifications of its officers in par- ticular lines of dutw MAJ. C. P. KINGSBUR^■. July 27, 1S63, Maj. C. P. Kingsbury, Ordnance De])art- ment, was assigned to the com- mand of the Arsenal. Under his direction the storehouse at the western end of the Island, the first building of the Ar- senal, was constructed. This Iniilding is nearh' on the site of old Fort Armstrong, and the window frames of the base- ment are made of c)ak cjbtained from the fort. During Major Kingslnir\-'s cnmmand, which lasted imtil June 30, 1865, the militar\' prisim was in use. This ])ro\-ed an anno\'ance, and the commandant had others to contend with c)f a more or less serious natin'e — the railroad right of wa}-, the contests of land claimants not the least among them. GEM. THOfvlAS J. RODMAN. Commandant Rock Island Arsenal, August, lS6s, to June. 1S71. 93 GEN. THOMAS J. RODMAN. General Rodman svicceeded Major Kingsbury, assuming his duties August 3, 1S65, and his command continued until his death, June 7, 1871. Of the significance of this a])pointment (jeneral Flagler says : No better evidence could be desired that tlie Ordnance Department intended to construct a great Armory and Arsenal at Rock Island than the lact that an officer of such high standing as General Rodman, and one whose services were so valuable to the department in every way, was selected for the command. General Rodman was a distinguished soldier, a conscientious officer, who ren- dered to his country invaluable services in war and in peace. He was graduated from the Military Academy in 1841; served at Allegheny Arsenal till 1R48. He was in ciinuiiand of the Arsenal in 1854, and of the one at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in 1S55-56. E.xcept while in ser\ice in the Me.xican War, he de\'otetl much time to ex- periments in casting heavy guns on hollow cores. His in- \entions were nvunerous. The first 15-inch Rodman gun was completed in Ma\', 1S60, and attracted close attention in the militarv world. During the Ci\il War General Rodman was in command of the Water- town Arsenal. Many 13 and 15 incli Rodman guns were made for the monitors anil forts along the coast. He originated the idea of making hea\'y guns without prepon- derance at the breech, cin which plan all the hea\ ■^• cast- iron cannon were subsequently constructed in the United States. In March, tS6s, he was bre\etted lieutenant-colonel, colonel and brigadier- general tor his ser\ices in the Ordnance Department. It was February 7, 1866, that General Rodman submitted plans to the Chief of Ordnance comprehenchng ten great shops, in two rows ol fi\'e shops each, those on tlie north being designated tor the Armory and those on the south for the Arsenal. These plans were appro\ed, and General Rodman began the execution of his mighty work. He li\'ed to see his plans for the Arsenal materialize in the construction of tu(i of the shops anil the quarters tor the commanding officer. At the request cjf the Chief of Ordnance, he was buried upon the Island, in a sightly spot set apart for that |jurpose, near the National Cenieter\'. There a modest shaft stands. GEN D ^l FLAGLER, CHIEF OF ORDNANCE. Commandant Rock Island ArsL-nal, 1S71 to 1S.S6. 94 GEN. DANIEL \V. KLAGI.KR. General Rodman's successor was andther eminent soldier, one who had made a brilliant record in the Ci\il War, though much \ouniJ"er and of lower com|jaratl\e rank. On recommendation of the Chief of Ordnance, Capt. D. W. Flagler, then on duty at Rock Island Arsenal, was assigned to the command of the post, June 15, 1871. He ser\-ed until May, 1S86, when he was sent to Frankford Arsenal, Phila- delphia: a period of nearly fifteen years, or about half the constructi\e stage of the Arsenal. Captain Flagler lullv comprehended the fu'-reaching sco])e of the work before him, and gave it the best years of his life. It became a part of him, and he was deeply attached to it. The plans, as he recei\ed them, were imperfect in the details compared with the elaborate j)lant that has grown from them, with the man\- changes and improvements that have been made. ln\enti<>ns rnachable Record of BROWN BESSIE and MERRY MAIDEN at the World's Fair Dairy Test procldiiiied them the greatest cows living. The blood of Combination 4389 largely predominates in our lierd, partak- ing "f tlie lii:e of breeding similar to those in tlie World's ChampionB. Diploma 16219, sire of Merry Maiden, has forty tested daughters, and was one of the best sons of Combination. 4389. Grandsons of Diploma from tested dams for sale. Also a few females, Write for what is wanted, RICHARDSON BROS,, Davenport. Iowa FRANK H, MAASS, Kimball House Livery LIVERY AND SALE STABLE. 117-119 EAST FOURTH STREET, Telephone 220. ^^^^ DAVENPORT, ■"^■^ IOWA. ESTABLISH ED 1872. E. D. ROBESON & SONS, RETAIL DEALERS Fresh and Smoked Meats CAME, OYSTERS AND POULTRY. HOMEMADE SAUSAGE A SPECIALTY. MARKETS No. 1. 426 Brady Stteet, Davenport. No. 2. Mount Ida, Davenport. No. 3. Moline, 111. No. 4. Davenport Meat Co. No. 5. Crescent Market, Davenport. fill I M'r-^ *%J%^-''!SfK^ ^»2»i& AUGUSTANA COLLEGE, ROCK ISLAND. TELEPHONE, 139 A.J.SMITH & SON I INCORPORATED, ^ FURNITURE, MANTELS, ? \ CARPETS. TILES AND \ \ DRAPERY, GRATES. ] 123 AND 125 WEST THIRD STREET DAVENPORT, IOWA. W. S. HOLBROOK. FURNITURE. CARPETS OILCLOTHS. MATS. WINDOW SHADES. ETC. 103. 105 AND 107 East Second Street, DAVENPORT. IOWA. H, L. HI T:Bi iTTER, President, A, HENIGB.ATM, Secrelary, ]'. G, HEXIGB.VUM, Vice-President, W, J. HENK;BAUM, Treasurer. Davenport Furniture and Carpet Co. FURNITURE... CARPETS AND STOVES. LARGEST DEALERS OF OUR KIND. 324, 326 and 328 Brady Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA. ...The Central Bool'. Store ... THOMAS THOMPSON, Boo ^xS, Stcitioiiery, wall Paper, Picrurc Trances, Ere. Corner of Brady and Third ShreeKs, DAA'CNPORT, IOWA. aiii) (£n£mtnnc( AT E. M. WHITE'S BOOKSTORE 406 BRADY STREET, DAVENPORT, IOWA. •' Rock Island Arsenal : In Peace and in War" sent prepaid to any address upon receipt of price. 50 cents in paper. $1.00 in cloth bindin?. MOLINE PUBI.IC HOSPITAL. 1. L. SEARS, W- L, FRIZZELL. S. H. SEARS. Sears-Frizzell Co* DEALERS IN Leather, Saddlery Hard'Vjare, Harness and Findings. MANUFACTURERS OF HORSE COLLARS, SADDLES AND HARNESS. 218, 220 and 222 Perry Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA. H. W. Cooper, MANUFACTURER OF Saddlery Hardware and Patent Specialties MOLINE, ILLINOIS. 1. Tongueless Cavalry Halter Buckle, i' ;-, iinhes. 2. Cavalry Halter Bolt, lY^ inches. 3. Cavalry Halter Square, i% by i-':^ inches. 4. Cavalry Halter Buckle, i!a inches, 5. Cavalry Halter Ring, i S, inches. 6. Cavalry Halter Swivel Rin|;, i^.^ inches. LoopiiJ-^ inches. 7. Cavalry Stirrup Buckle, I't; inches. xl J. AND M. ROSENFIELD, WHOLESALE DEALERS IN Saddlery Hardware, LEATHER, SHOE FINDINGS, HIDES, WOOL AND FURS. SECOND AVE. ROCK ISLAND, III. 1624, 1626 AND 1628 h, C. CHASIE BOSTON, I^/IASS, & CO. -Manufacturers- Tbree^Horse^Head HorSe [BlaelCetS and ^^3W^ "CHASE" Pliush Robes, t'^^i ft"'' SC(")TT CUI;NT\- CrilRTHOrSE, D.WENPORT, IOWA. xli F. L. SNEL I-,' President ED BEROER Sec'y and Treas Wr \w m °tJfr* 1 Of i pom 11 1! itSg/irTnsI HIS BEEI •-»s «[ m t" i} BIOIIR Iowa's Greatest Shoe House. =^NIGM-GRADE FOOTWEAR Cor. Second and Harrison Streets, . DAVENPORT, IOWA. S. A, JENNINGS. President and Mana.i^er. 1. H. SRARS. \'ice-Presideiil. W. H. HAK-HT, Secretary- and Treasurer, Davenport Woolen Mills Co. DAVENPORT, IOWA. MANUFACTURERS OF Fine Woolens and Clothing i8,ooo Blankets Furnished the Government in iSqS. Heavy Gooi:hs. I-lstablished 1S56. JOHN OCHS' SONS, Land and Real Estate Brokers, 126 Main Street, DflVENFORT, lOWfl. ®P. 'ps^^ 'T^ck Island and cMoline T^al Estate EDWARD H. GUYER, %ock Island, IlL d W ARMORY HALL, RdCK ISLAXD. xliii Established 1854. Incorporated 1897, Otto Albrecht Co. 5f Cigar AHEAD or EVERYTHING. Manufacturers of CIGARS Wholesale Tobacconists, 306 West Second Street, -^DAVENPORT, lOWA.^v^ Established 1854. ooMakers of Fme CmmrSoo THEN.KUHNENCO.. Davenport, Iowa. xliv ESTABLISHED 18 JA, Jlason's Carriage Works, MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN PLEASURE AND BUSINESS VEHICLES HARNESS, ROBES, ETC. 119, 121, 122 and 124 East Fourth Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA. Manufacturers of Mason's Patent Runner Attachments. G. F. N EUM AN Telephone, No. 165. EBI & NEUMAN, Founders and Machinists Manufacturers of TME E. & N. FEED MILL Corner Front and Gaines Streets, Davenport, Iowa. We make a siiecialty of ICng;iTies, Boilers, Steam Pumps, House Columns, Iron Stairs, Pul- leys, Hangers, Shaltings, Fire Fronts, Grate Bars; and every variet\" of Cast-iron and Mill Work done on short notice. UNITARIAN CHURCH, MOLINE. xlv Here^s one of our best sellers* It^s a beauty^ and we have many others. iM- THE HOME RIVERSIDE RANGE. Cast and Steel Ranges of all sizes and styles^ and a full line of Hard and Soft Coal Heaters. . . Our Specialty is FINE GOODS . . . All RIVERSIDES are Guaranteed . Rock Island Stove Co. Rock Island, 111. «- 1- ir I- (- li- xlvi Established for 20 Years. The acme of perfection attained in Heating Apparatus for all classes of buildings. Hot Water, Hot Air and Steam* The Davenport Steam Heating Co. DAVENPORT, IOWA. Dealers in ARTISTIC GAS, ELECTRIC and COMBINATION FIXTURES and HIGH-GRADE PLUMBING GOODS. DA\•^:^'PORT water company. I. Pumping Station No. 2 and Reservoir. 2. Mechanical Filter Plant at Station No. i. xlvii J. B. PHELPS, President. W. C. HAVWARD, Secretary. J. L. ILES, Treas. & Qen. IHgr. Riverside Milling Co. MANUFACTURERS OF Hard Wheat Flour Exclusive. DEALERS IN CRAllN AND FEED OF ALL KINDS. 804 to 820 East Front Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA. RIVERSIDE MILLING CO. B\- patronizing home industr\- labor receives employment and earns its daih" bread. OUR FLOUR HAS NO SUPERIOR. Barnard & Leas Mfg. Co. MOLINE, ILL, U.S.A. MANUFACTURERS OF Roller Mills, Roller Feed Mills, Plansifters, Plansifter Scalpers, Reel Scalpers, Flour Dressers, Centrifugal Reels, Air-Belt Purifiers and Dust Collectors Combined, Sieve Purifiers, Air-Belt Sieve Purifiers and Dust Collectors Com- bined, Bran Dusters, Grain-Cleaning Machinery, Malt Cleaners, Flour, Bran and Cotton Seed Hull Packers, Victor Corn Sbellers and Cleaners, Little Victor Combined Sbellers and Cleaners, Sbafting, Couplings, Hangers, Iron Pulleys, Wood Split Pulleys, Rice Hullers, Plantation Rice Mills and Rice Reels, Rice Separators, Rice Scourers, AND BUILDERS OF RICE MILLS, FLOUR MILLS AND ELEVATORS, Embracing the most complete line of Plour-MIII Machinery. RIce-MIII Machinery and Grain-Cleaning Machinery for Mills and Elevators of any House In the World. xlviii Stearns-Paint-^anufacturing-Co. MAKERS OF PRACTICAL READY-MIXED TA I NTS AND JOBBERS OF ALL Painters' ^laterials. m m II ^ m W jp In III pistil ? _-_^_,_,i>' ««-/■>'■" THE ONLY PAINT MANUFACTURERS IN IOWA. W. E. PHERIS, Manager. DaVeHpOrt^ loWa. |T"r::iBii LIN'COLX SCHOOL BUILIUXG, RdCK ISLAND. anufacfurinb Goj Rock Is land, III. ^^^""^i^if i F C A OENKMANN. ►-.js^i-- ^. J P WEYERHAEUSER. :j«ci, s. T,fa5ur«r R C iMSE: A^s;. Ma-ijvj-ef ' M .I'-." w \NlH'\CTUWFHSOF ; .'-e..' / ^r ■//•/ ////''/ J. E. LINDSAY, President. J. B. PHELPS, Secretary and, Treasurer. jOinclsay S: fPlielps Co. Lumber cManufadurers ^1^ T>AVENPORZ Iowa. THE MANUFACTURERS OF 11 H Roberts (70. ^^^^' Doors, Bimas, moldings, stair Work, "* ■*♦ l\ %J PORCH WORK, FINE INTERIOR FINISH, ETC. Case and Federal Streets, c^ o^l^ ^''^^^^ We manufacture Davenport, Iowa. Estimates made from Architects' Plans. "n esucciallv Tine First-Class Work and Low Prices. Einc of Tront Doors Established IS6S. Special Work of Any Kind. At Very Low Prices. Chr. Mueller & Sons, Manufacturers of Lumber, Lath and Shingles Saw and Planing' MiUs and Yard : Corner Second and Scott Streets. DAVENPORT, IOWA. .-, J PIERPCiNT. D«i h(TE Pbe H WHITE Pbe £L// /'' '* uo«, UFP. yy^^ '«^'^ ORANGE BOX MATERIAL. BOX SHOOKS. ' i'f-'^^ >>*• >^ ^'^-1%'^ 4 ' «*■ ■ - cRun LxVEGETABLE CRATES OFALLKJNDS. Crescent City, Fla. ■ I 1 '«f> EDWARD H. SLEIGHT, Pf-est sTrea's. HENRY M, LAGE, Secy, MOLINE. I LLI NOIS. RED JACKET MFG. CO. -EXCLUSIVE MANUFACTURERS OF OPEN WELL BORED So Easy to Fix drive TUBULAR- CASED "l^ed Jacket" Fumps DAVENPORT, IOWA, U.S.A. W'M. EDWARDS, I'lesideiit. A. A. ARNOTLD, Ake-President. A. \V. \ANDER YI-;ER, Secretary and Treasurer (■.E(">. T. r,AKER, Manager and Chief EngineeV. Edwards S Walsh Construction Company, ENGINEERS. CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS. CONSTRUCTORS OF Rail-Wciys, Earthivork, Masonry, Se^wers. Street Paving, Building, and all Public Improvements. PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS AND ESTIMATES PREPARED, 35 MASONIC TEMPLE, DAVENPORT, IOWA. lii ELECTRIC Elevators "?" ^^_^^_^^_^__^ Passenger SPECIAL MACHINERY. DUMB WAITERS. Ar,\NL"F,\CTURKr> i:v Moline Elevator Co. MOLINE, ILL. Correspondence Solicited. "1«i?"fe (() \L ( HL Tf S FOR (l)AllNI |j_l( ONIOTIVES I^OllNE ■Rock Island, 111. MARKERS, Etc \ .1 II i^i^r I'' is, ! r»l «?»■♦■ Il ■» »« «Kj^ CL.XKISSVr iddkHMMI t-ol WdMFN nwrNPdKI liii Bettendorf Metal Wheel Co, Davenport, Iowa, and Springfield, Ohio. DAVENPORT, IOWA, FACTORY. Manufacturers of STRAIGHT AND STAQQERED SPOKE METAL WHEELS For All Purposes Also METAL WAGON WHEELS for Farm Work and Heavy Hauling. 4,000,000 Bettendorf Wheels now in use. Write for Prices and Descriptive Circular. Factory, Southeast Corner Fourth and Farnam Streets. DAVENPORT, IOWA. liv >YLVAN bT ^■^pigjl a OMPAN'\^. MoLLNiK, III, JJL G. WATSON FRENCH, President. NATHANIEL FRENCH Vice-President. irr- ti0 _ --% JJL J. W. ATlilNSON, Secretary and Treasurer, r,. H. TATNAL, Superintendent. -M ANUFACTURERS- Mercliiainit Bar .and IRe-Hneol Krou, Hard and Sornt Steel, A2;rjcultural ilron and Steel Sluape.s,, Deere irnsinr MOLINE, o ILL. CORN PLANTER WORKS. Iv Ivi ^^^fViAMmwt^ywywtfwvtfw^wwtfw^w^ywwyWtfywyw^^ww^wyvyv^^tfvwww The HENRY O.SHEPARD CO. Printers, En^bossers, BIcinN Boobx Makers. 212-214 MOMROE 5Tl?Er:T, CHICAGO, ILL. A \Y/^ make a specialty of the hig-her grades of catalogue i r 7 \'\ printing. This book is a specimen of our work. y 7 ^-*-^ Correspondence is invited. ^-^ ■Mm^f^^mfmfWfmmfWffmfmfmfmfmfmfmK'm^^^fmm'mfff^fmmfffmfmffmff^fmfm}^ och Island RSENAL 0« receipt of price. IN pmcE AINU IN WAR^ n Copy of Cbis Book Wilt t^e sent, postpaid, to any address in the United States ocK Island RSENAL -^^ IN pmcE AND IN WAR^ Dark-Green Cloth Cover, ■wiifi Gold-Leaf Design, ^ J ,UU In Strong Paper Binding, ♦Jt/ B. F. TILLINGHAST, LOCK BOX 405. Davenport, Iowa. Ivii t±^^t\ A>^ - r- VINEGAR Y AND .... .™».. I ESTABLISHED 1854 INCORPORATED 1882 \V. . --.u^l' PICKLING f Wo RK5 '^ m&^;%t^.j / y 7ji)n (f. STEEL -GEAR FARM WAGON. STEEL TONGUE STEEL BRAKE. STEEL TRIMMINGS ON BOX. LIGH1 RUNNING. LIGHT m WEIGHT. THE ONLY STEEL-GEAR WAGON ON THE MARKET. FOR FULL PARTICULARS WRITE Bettendorf Axle Company, No. 020 Ripley Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA. Iviii Are \-ou ilt-sirous of j^etting a good deal of pleasure in life without a great cash ..utlay":' Then let us furnish ynii wiih a CAMERA or a CrN. I*^i|uiiiijcd with either, you can eiiiny nian\ a pleasant hour. We have the lari,--est stork uf CAMERAS, GUNS, SPORTING GOODS and NOVELTIES in the cit>", am.l, \\ lit-ii pa-.siii,L;- '."0n can spare the time to lof.ik cmr j,'Oods o\'er. BERG BROS. Cor. Third and Harrison Sts. DaVenpOrt, lowa. The Empire Portable Forge. 7vtODl[=IED [=OR T^RTU^V PURPOSES. Removable pipe legs ; supplementar\' Manges for deepening fire pan ; all shaft bearings made of bronze; Ian operated without belts; blast and lire capacity sufficient to weld 2-inch iron or steel. Packed in case with full set of Farrier's Tools. Height of forge to top of fire pan, 27IJ inches ; weight, 62 lbs.; fire pan, 1SJ2 inches long, 135^2 inches wide, ^H inches deep ; tan, 7 inches in diameter. Iron-bound Case, 20^-2 inches long, 17^2 inches wide, 12^,^' inches deep, weight 32 lbs., containing the following tools: one 12-inch bastard file, one rasp, three hammers, one pair tongs, one pair pincers, one chisel, one hoof trimmer, one rest, two punches, one 5 wrench, two kni\"es, one \'ise, one hardy, one shovel, one poker; weight of tools, 2ni4 lbs. Total weight of Forge, Case and Tools, ii4!4 Lbs. MaDuMured £Mp||^E PORTABLE FORCE CO., Lansingburg. N.V.. U.S.A. ^j^ionMamIrokc MOLINE.lLL. MASON'IC TEArPLE, DAVENPORT. lix —GREAT— Rock Island Route. Best Dining-Car Service in the World And everybody patronizing the line appreciates this fact. The Equipment consisting of new Elegant Sleepers, Buffet=Smokers, Reclining Chair Cars between Chicago and Omaha, Denver, Colorado Springs and Pueblo Is of latest pattern and in every respect the best. TAKE NO OTHER LINE TO KANSAS CITY, FT. WORTH, AND OTHER TEXAS POINTS. JOHN SEBASTIAN, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, CHICAGO, ILL. Ix ^^ B.C.II.ir!N.K.Y DAILY THROUOtl TRAINS PiimANPAiACE Sleeping CAR5 ^^ CHIC40O, ST.LOtl^, MIII^NEAPOIIS, ST. PAUL. DIRECT IINE iNE^CELLED SERVICE J.MORTON, OP f-T.A. CEDAR RAPIDS. IOWA. 'V^wvw^vywvwtf i Tast Clme i°i^ South and east IS AFFORDED BY THE liock Island & ^ "Peoria "Railway -Cwo Crains Daily.- Depoi : Foot 20th Street. %OCK ISLAND. ILL. R. STOCKHOUSE, General Passenger Agent. m^fmmmf^m^^^?mmm^mmmm^?mm} Ixi Rauie I BEST LINE DENVER StPAULan^MINNEAPOLIS limited express THE FINEST TRAIN IN THE WORLD LEAVES CHICAGO DAILY AT e.30 P.M. BuilJnSton RDIftB BEST LINE TO ST. PAUL minnIapous Buriingtoh RduIb BEST LINE OMAHA Builington Roiiie BEST LINE TO COUNCIL BLUFFS BEST LINE PUGET SOUND BEST LINE Builington RoutG BEST LINE Burlington Route BEST LINE Burlinaton Route BEST LINE Burlington Route BEST LINE TEXAS Ixii -THE £wcagOj IH ilwaukgc ^ %i Paul ^^ With Us 6, J 50 miles of thoroughly equippea road, reaches all principal points in Northern Illinois^ Wisconsin, lo'wa, Minnesota, South Dakota, North Dakota and' Northern Michigan, CbC OttlV LitIC Running Electric- Lighted and Steam-Heated Vestibule Trains. All Coupon Ticket Agents in the United States and Canada sell tickets via the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R'y- GEO. H. HEAFFORD, Genera.1 Passenger Agent, CHICAGO, ILL, pLORIDA are best reached via the Plant System of Railways and Steamships H. B. PLANT, President, 12 West 23d Street, NEW YORK. B. W. WRENN, Passenger Traffic Manager, SAVANNAH, OA. L. A. BELL, Western Passenger Agent, 20s Clark Street, CHICAGO, ILL. « Ch« Popular Route to the Southland. « The Louisville & Nashville Railroad Is the Tourist's Ideal Route to... Pensacola, Fla. Jacksonville, Fla. St. Aug'ustine, Fla. Tallahassee, Fla. Winter Park, Fla. Sanford, Fla. Tampa, Fla. Punta Gorda, Fla. DeLeon Spring's, La. Lake Worth, Fla. Mexico. California. Evergreen, Ala. Mobile, Ala. DeFuniak Spring's, Fla, Ocean Springs, Miss. Blloxi, Miss. Bay St. Louis, Miss. Pass Christian, Miss. Mississippi City, Miss. New Orleans, La. San Antonio, Tex. Galveston, Tex. Thomasville, Ga. And all Points Noted and Sought for Health and Pleasure. C. p. ATMORE, General Passenger Agent, LOUISVILLE, KY. Ixiii MERCY HOSPITAL, Davenport, Iowa. ii^ I -, ,^$#4i >S { \IL\\ The new addition to the liospital is especially arranged for the accommodation and comfort of surgical cases. Several suites of rooms are pro\'ided with private baths and adjoining rooms for ludvate nurses or attendants. It is finished throughout with glass and tile, and contains all the modern apparatus necessary lor the best surgical work. Ixiv AUG. STEFFEN, WHOLESALE it- " rf >< M 1 ^ ^ 1 1 . j Dry Goods, Notions, tf «« "^ *i 1 ( ^ s n Furnishing Goods. j^ ~-i* S<«5 ^ .«* "^ 226-228-230 West Second Street, Cor. Hatrison Street. Lowest Prices Guaranteed. Special Attention Given Mail Orders. DAVENPORT, IOWA. NEW YORK OFFICE: .7.7.5 Broadnay.- SAEN<;r-;Ri'p:sT hali , davenpoki', Ixv IlAirrz cS! l>AiLNsi:> ( o. Wholesale druggists. 'RuBal-aiAi-iE.ki H. S. HEPBURN. J. B. HOSTETLER. HEPBURN & HOSTETLER, Photo. Supplies*' 320 Brady Street... DAVENPORT, IOWA. FRANK NADLER, President. W. J. DOYLE, Vice-President and Treasurer. W. B. IMUNRO, Secretary. ^X*^ £l:u«^ a 1 1 FRANK NADLER CO. WHOLESftLE DRUGGISTS and MflNUFftGTURING GttEMISTS, s, I. Cor, Brady and Fonrtli Streets, BAVENPOKT, lOWi. J. B. HOSTETLER, President. M. L. HOSTETLER. Secretary and Treasurer. Jarvis White Art Co. ...PHOTOGRAPHERS... Moldings, Pictures, Portraits, Art Goods. 320 Brady Street, DAVENPORT, TOWA. lx\i O* Rothschild Grain Co* Barky a Specialty. Davenport, Iowa. G eneral grain ]V[ crcbant9. '■"^ M I N' H- 1-1,1 V III I , I I M II ' I II \ (Four miles east ol Moline.) Ixvii (><><><>0-00<><><><><><>0-00-OCK>- O &<><>CK><>000<>00<>0<>0<><>0<><>0<><><><>00 Rock Island's and Davenport's Popular Clothiers. 1729 Second Avenue, ROCK ISLAND, ILL. 115-11? West Second Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA. l"^xterirjr View of Davenport Store. ~i- ,d i 7 " S -C 1^' 'J f- 'r I T . WHITAKEK BLOCK, CORNER THIRD AND BRAMN STREEIS, DAVENPORT. Ixviii INDEX TO CONTENTS. Allison, Hon. W. B. 25 Allison, Hon. W. B., (jiKitt-d, ... 65 Appropriations, ,S'>-53 Arsenal, Allegheny, }'a., 49 " Augusta, ("ja. 49 " Benicia, Cal, 49 " Columbia, Tenn., .... 49 Carlisle, Pa., 45 " Fort Monroe, Va., .... 49 " Frankford, I'a., 47 " Kennebec, Maine, .... 49 " New York City, 49 " Rock Island, 3, .s^, S5, S6, h..^, lo.s ,San Antonio, 'l"ex., .... 49 " Springfield, Mass., .... 45 VVatervliet, N. Y., .... 48 Watertown, Mass., .... 4,8 Arms, Small, 74 Armstrong, Fort, 19, 20 Authority for Illustrations, .... i Avenues, Island, 38 Banks, 13 Banking Capital, 14 I'arracks, Prisoners', 33, 34 Piarracks, Soldiers', 52 Baylor, Col. T. G., Sketch of, ... 69 Benet, (ien. S. \'., (|uoted, .... 3 Bell, Ca|)t. William, Report by, . 27 ISirds, Island 39 Black Hawk, Island Resort of, ... 16 Black Hawk War, 20 Blunt, Maj. S. F., Sketch ol^ ... 97, 98 Blunt, Maj. S. F., Annual Report of, 70-86 Bridges, 6. 7, 9 l>ridge Traffic, 10 I'rown, Cornelius J., roi Buckingham, Cen. C. P., 28 Buffington, Cnl. A. R., Sketch of, . 96, 97 Calkins, J. E., Photographer, ... i Canal, Illinois and Mississippi, . . . io6 Canal, Cost of, 108 I'Ai .K. Canal, Appropriations for 109 Ca|-jacity, Arsenal, 90 Carriages, I'ield and Siege, .... 73 (-(■meter)-, Natiimal, 40 Cholera, Asiatic, 21 Contract Work, Cost c if 85 Congress, Act of, 50 Danforth, J.I!., 23 l)a\'enport. City of, 15 Davenport, George, 17, 22 1 )avenport, Col. William 21 Davis, Jefi'erson 28 Dams, Water-Power, 56 De Tocqueville, (juoted, 3 Dodge, Hon. A. C, 28 Drives, Island, 38 Drum, Thomas 1.., 23 l-juployes, Numl:)er of 71 F-mployes, P".flicient, 82 F.xpenditures, Arsenal 71 P'lagler, Gen. D. W., llistor\' b\-, . 4.J Flagler, Gen. 1). W., Annual Report, 189S, 91 , 92 P'lagler, Gen. 1). W., Sketch of^, 95 Flagler, Gen. 1 ). W., Interxiew with, . 91 Foremen, 1 )ay, 67 Foremen, Xight, 69 Future, Plans for, 87 ( iaines. General, 2<> Gregg, Dr. P., 34 < ironen, W. Otto 101 (Grounds, Burying, 35 ('lun Carriages 67 Hoftman, Bri,g.-(ien. William, ... 34 Horney, Lieut. O. C. jog Illustrations, Fist of, 31.32 Jesup, (Juartermaster-General, ... 28 Johnson, Col. A. J., 34 Kingsbury, Maj. C. P., Sketch of, . . 93 Lawrence, Colonel, 17 Lee, Lieut. Robert E 55, 57 Ixix iNDKx TO Contents ^ G>/if/'i///