President WHtTE Library, CORNELL UNIVERSJTY. F 832A1*^f9l" """'^""'' ^^""^ ^"' ii?i9™Niiii'3!if,MSS* Xvolume II) cental olln 3 1924 028 917 362 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028917362 ^u^y^/^^ C/^6^gn^ ia.jf.^ij SB Snll ,i Smu.ll Sarcliw SlJf.T. tullidgb's historiks, (VOLUME II.) CONTAINING THE HISTORY OF ALL THE NORTHERN, EASTERN AND WESTERN COUNTIES OF UTAH; ALSO THE COUNTIES OF SOUTHERN IDAHO. ^ IBtograpt)tcal ^ppenbk OF EBPEESBNTATITE MEN AND FOUNDERS OF THE CITIES AND COUNTIES';'. A COMMERCIAL SUPPLEMENT, HISTORICAL. EDW. W. TULLIDGE, Proprietor and Publisher. FROM THE PRESS OF THE /JiC^ !'''"" JUVENILE INSTRUCTOR, 'C/ \^ SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. ;^ I ^'^ 1889. ^\ I <-<■ \ ):■ ,, ''"Mhnw^^^^' UNlVt.ReSTY UBRARY \. A- 3 7 6"^ 2_ DEDIOHTED m L@I^ENZ0 0N®W. Fkibnd, Brother: As the chief Apostle of the J^orth, it is proper that I should dedicate this Book to you; but, in doing so, I perform the service of the heart as well as the duty of the historian. The everlasting covenant of love that exists between your angel-sister and me, as two poet souls of one mystical family, you, knowing thereof, can understand; and believing that I could do nothing better to prove my ever living reverence for her memory than to dedicate this Book to her brother Lorenzo, whom she almost worshiped as a diirine man of her sacred house, I affectionately subscribe this History of the North to you, and place your portrait as the frontispiece of this second volume of TuUidge's Histories of Utah. Hoping that you will receive my book, also, not as an unworthy tribute of my love for you, I remain, Your Brother, Edward W. Tullidge. ■^ ,,S^N^^^^'"""'"""..,, jCopyrigiit applied pob. V' \ y.. '>VlXjw.l._,.. INDEX. FOUNDING OF OGDEN CITY. Ogden City 1 Organization of Weber Branch 14 Commencement of Indian difficul- ties in the north 15 Organization of Weber County 19 Organization of Weber Stake, and Brigham Young hailed as Gov- ernor of Utah 21 Organization of Ogden City 22 Ogden City and surrounding coun- try surveyed 24 Treaty with Indians— Weber County divided into wards 25 The tenth anniversary of the Pio- neers 27 Arrival of Captain Van VUet in Salt Lake City 29 The "move south" 31 Growth of Weber County 33 Notes of events from 1838 to 1888.. 33 Municipal notes and table of elec- tions 45 Sketch of Huntsville 52 " Slaterville 53 " North Ogden and Easton 54 " " Eden, Harrisville, Mound Fort, Eiverdale, South and West Weber 55 DAVIS COUNTY. Its history 56 Sketch of Centerville 58 L^ " " Farmington 60 " Kaysville 61 " Hooperville 62 Destruction of crops by crickets and grasshoppers 63 The Central Canal Company 65 Meeting-houses and mills 66 The pioneers of Davis County — Schools and Primary Associa- tions 67 Organic formation of the county under the bishops 68 Organization of the county 69 First sessions of the county court — It utilizes the bishop.^ 70 Indian difficulties— Fort districts 7 ] Succession of county officials and members of the Legislature 71 TOOELE COUNTY. Description and history 75 Its town Stockton 76 St. John 79 Vernon 80 E. T. City and Richville 81 Lake Point — Garfield Beach— Black Rock 82 Indian difficulties 83 Civilization of the Indians 85 Military organization and popula- tion 86 Boundaries and organization of Tooele County 86 County officials and members of the Legislature 87 Its poUtical histor}' 89 Tooele City — Its history 94 The incorporated city of Grantsville — Its history 98 Its incorporation and organization .. 104 MORGAN COUNTY. Morgan City — Its settlement and growth 107 Organization, civil and political his- tory of Morgan City 110- IV INDEX. The settlements of Morgan County — Enterprise 113 Peterson 114 Milton, Littleton, Richfield 115 Porterville 116 Croyden 117 Organization, civil and political his- tory of Morgan County 118 SUMMIT COUNTY. Its early settlement and history 123 Its towns — Henneferville 1 25 Wanship :.... 126 Eockport 127 Peoa — Kamas 1 29 Railroad building in the county 131 Indian difficulties 132 Organization, civil and political his- tory of the county 134 Politital history of the county 136 Coalville 137 Coal mines 139 Indian difficulties 141 The growth of Coalville 142 Its incorporation and government.... 143 WASATCH COUNTY. Description of the county — Its early history and resources 146 Organization of the county 149 Settlements and wards 152 The court-house 153 Organization of the Wasatch Stake 154 The settlers and Indians 155 Agriculture and stock-raising 156 Fish and game 157 Building material, quarries, business and commerce 158 Post office and stage line — Political status 159 Character of the people 161 OGDEN CITY CONTINUED. Ogden as the commercial and rail- way city 162 Advent of the railroads 1 64 Ogden first as a commercial city 166 Ogden journalism 168 Ogden absorbs Corrinne 1 69 Fusion between the Mormon and Gentile merchants 1 70 Chamber of Commerce 171 Ogden City to-day 172 Educational and religious institu- tions of Ogden 178 Ogden Academy ISO School of the Good Shepherd 181 Ogden Seminary— Baptist Church.. 182 Methodist Church 185 Presbyterian Church 186 Catholic Church 187 Episcopal and First Congregational Churches 188 Swedish Lutheran Church — Mor- mon Church — Territorial Re- form School 189 Ogden post office 192 The municipality — City Hall 194 The political battle — The Union Depot 197 Ogden journalism resumed — The founder of northern journalism 198 Zion's Co-operative Mercantile In- stitution 201 First National Bank of Ogden 206 Peery & Mack's Mills 213 Utah National Bank 231 COMMERCIAL MEN OF OGDEN. Ex-Mayor David H . Peery 207 Sidney Stevens 217 William Driver 221 John S. Lewis 226 L. B. Adams 227 N. C. Flygare 233 Jonathan Browning 234 Ogden's first school teacher 235 Judge Middleton 237 David Eccles 238 Judge Dee 239 T. J. Stevens 240 Mayor J. M. Guthrie 242 Fred J. Kiesel 246 Boyle & Co 257 Thomas Wilkins Jones 261 A. Kuhn & Brother 263 INDEX. Scoworoft &Sons 265"%. TOWNS OF CACHE VALLEY Henry Elliott Gibson 268 Barnard White 272 James Gale 277 H. M. Bond 279 Thomas Ashley 280 William H. Wright & Sons 281 Marks, Goldsmith & Co 284 Jesse J. Driver 286 David D. Jones 287 -v_, BOX ELDER COUNTY. Boundaries and description 289 Its Pioneers and settlement 290 United Order of Brigham City 293 The famed Gentile city of Oorrinne 304 POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE NORTH. Birth of the Liberal Party 306 Liberal Political Convention 309 Platorm 311 Meeting of the central committee.. 312 The Liberal Political Party of Utah 313 PROBATE COURTS. Origin of Civil and Criminal Juris- diction 320 Weber County Probate Court 329 Contest for the Judgeship of Weber County 337 Box Elder Stake 341 Willard City-Call's Fort 343 Kelton— Snowville 344 >.THE CITIES OF CACHE VALLEY. The Temple City of the north 345 Early history of Cache VaUey 346 Logan City 350 Biography of Wm. B. Preston (see also Biographical Vol. ) 357 Military history of Cache Valley.... 361 Commercial history of Cache County 377 The County Chronicles — Digest of the County administration from its organization 387 Municipal history of the Temple City of the north 397, Cache Valley Stake 410 Wellsville 412 Hyrum City 417 Providence 420 Mendon 42] Eichmond— Millville 423 LewistoD — Benson — Clarkston — Newton 424 Logan Temple 451 Dedication of Logan Temple 455 Smithfield 465 Paradise 477 Hyde Park 478 ~-^. ONEIDA COUNTY. Franklin 480 Oxford 483 Clifton Ward 484 Chesterfield Ward — St. John — Weston 485 Fairview Ward — Marsh Valley Ward 486 The Brigham Young College 487 Journalism in Cache Valley 490 Logan as a manufacturing centre.... 491 Union KoUer Mill 492 Thatcher Brothers' Banking Com- pany — Theater and Concert hall 494 First settlers of Logan — Utah Northern 495 ' BEAR LAKE COUNTY. Its organization and settlement 497 Its towns — Paris 498 Bloomington — St Charles — Fish Haven — Dingle — Preston — Ovid— Liberty 499 Montpelier — Bennington — George- town—Thomas' Fork 500 "^ RICH COUNTY. Description 503 Its towns — Kandolph — Garden City — WoodruflF 504 ~'^ PARK CITY MINES. The Ontario 505 VI INDEX. Robert Craig Chambers 510 Daly Mine 512 Description of Park City 519 The Anchor 517 The Woodside 528 ■^ — . UTAH COAL MINES. The Home Coal Company 521 Frederick A. Mitchell 524 \_ RAILROADS. The railroad king of Utah 530 John W. Young's railroad enter- prises 534 BIOGRAPHICAL VOLUME. Ballantyne, Richard 85 Brown, Captain James 99 Barnes, John R 216 Bassett, William E 220 Brown, George W 211 Budge, "William 329 Card, Charles 346 Cardon, Thomas B 159 Crook, John 207 Cluff, W. W 228 Call, Anson 262 Eldredge, Alma 243 Farr, Lorin 172 Farr, Aaron F 315 Fullmer, Almon L 112 Farrell, G-eorge L 351 Francis, Samuel 252 Grreenwell, Ambrose sen. & Son. ■••• 90- GUes, Thomas H /. 204 Hyde, Judge William 122 Hatch, Abram/rrTTlT! 187 Hoge, Walter 344 Hart, James H 343 Leishman, James A 348 Martineau, Col. James H 68 Maughan, Peter 35 Molen, Bishop S. M 165 Merrill, M. W 348 Osmond, George 343 Ormsby, Dr. 0. C 47 Preston, WilHam B 49 Pitken, George 346 Rich, Charles C 344 Roskelly, Samuel 347 Richards, Franklin D 294 Snow, Lorenzo 1 Shurtliff, Judge 322 Smith, Wm. R 284 Smith, Samuel 118 Thatcher, Hezekiah 25 Thatcher, Moses 129 Taylor, Bishop P. G 80 Thomas, William N 169 Turner, Frederick 349 West, Chauncey W 55 Woodmansee, Charles 96 WooUey, Hyrum S. and Edwin T... 345 Webster, Wm. L 350 '^"2:. C. M.I 363 Do. do. Shoe Factory 356 £71^* by iLBHnlis Stms.J^lBw'ibik HISTORY OF OGDEN CITY, CHAPTER I. Ogden City Founded by the Mormon Pioneers. Tlie Goodyier Claim. Cap- tain James Brown, the Pioneer of Ogden. The Mormon Battalion. Its Members Among the First Settlers of Weber County. Ogden, like Salt Lake City, was founded by the Pioneers, who entered the valleys of Utah in the summer of 1847. This was the year in which occurred that great migration of American col- onies, which boldly advanced far beyond the then western boun- daries of the United States on to Mexican domains, securii;ig the conquest from Mexico, which the war between the rival Repub- lics had begun, and ending forever the long cherished designs and hope of Great Britain to obtain possession of the Pacific coast. In a few years this migration resulted in the growth of new States and Territories on the Pacific aslope. The first of these were Utah, California, New Mexico and Oregon; and the two primary cities of Utah, which grew out of the pioneer mi- gration of the Mormon community in 1847-8, were Salt Lake City and Ogden. The Provo colony, which, in 1849-50, settled in the country now known as Utah County, was from a later migration, as were the southern colonies generally. They were supplied by the in- flux of population in the years 1849-50, and were derived from the parent colony of Salt Lake County, from which they were sent out by the heads of the community in organized companies under selected captains and presidents; but both Weber County and Davis County were settled by the pioneers of 1847, from whose colonial germs their cities or settlements grew. That part of Northern Utah where stands the flourishing commercial and railroad city, Ogden, was settled by Miles M. Goodyier, an Indian trader, whom the Mormon Pioneers found in occupation when, in the spring, of 1848, they took possession 1 2 TULLIDGE S HISTORIES. of the country directly north of Salt Lake City, known as Davis and Weber counties. Goodyier, by virtue of a Mexican grant, made to him in 1841, by the government of Mexico, claimed a tract of land commencing at the mouth of "Weber Canyon, and following the base of the mountain north to the Hot Springs; thence west to the Salt Lake; thence south along the shore to the point opposite Weber Canyon; thence east to the beginning. The land extended eight miles north and south, and from the base of the mountains east to the shores of the Salt Lake on the west. On the spot near where now stands the Union Pacific's present freight depot, Goodyier built a picket fort and a few log houses, near the Weber River. At the fort he was living with a few mountaineers and half-breed Indians, when Captain James Brown, of the Mormon Battalion, entered into negotiations with Goodyier, and purchased of him, for the sum of $3,000, all the lands, claims and improvements recognized by the said Good- yier, by virtue of the Mexican grant. When the Mormon Pioneers arrived in the Valley of the Great Salt Lake in July, 1847, the territory belonged to Mexico, from whose government the Indian trader held his claim; but, by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, it was ceded, in February, 1848, to the United States, with New Mexico and the whole of Upper California. The purchase of this Goodyier claim was during the period when the Pioneers proper were making their second journey to the Rocky Mountains, under the leadership of Brigham Young\ This treaty having been executed, it was of supreme importance to the Mormon colonists that the only remaining Spanish title to this Territory should be extinguished ; and the purchase of the Goodyier claim was, therefore, a great circumstance in the history of the Territory. It is certain that the Mormon colonists would have held occupation in the name of the United States, even by force of arms, had it so transpired; but the claim of Good- yier could not be set aside by this occupation of the Pioneers. It was of a prior date, and Goodyier, too, might have set up the claim as colonist and pioneer, a claim the treaty would have con- firmed, rather than have extinguished. By the extinction of the Goodyier claim, Weber County, as it was soon afterwards named, was fairly opened upon the mis- sionary methods, which have given existence first to wards and stakes of the church, which afterwards, as the settlements grew, became incorporated as cities and counties. Weber County grew up rapidly. In the spring of the year 1848, Captain Brown planted a CAPTAIN JAMES BROWN. 3 crop of wheat, and in the fall of the year he, with his family, located on the land which he had purchased. And here, in the introductory chapter of Ogden City and Weber County, should be given a few relative notes of the per- sonal history of Captain James Brown and his comrades of the Mprmon Battalion, some of whom were among the first settlers of Ogden and leading men in the primitive colony. Captain James Brown was born September 30th, 1801, in Davison County, North Carolina. He removed to Brown County, Illinois, in 1835, and joined the Mormon church in Adams County in 1839. He was in the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo, and when the Battalion was called by the United States to join the command of Stephen F. Kearney, who was ordered to hasten with his force, including specially this Mormon Battalion, to possess California and to set up a government of the United States in that country, Captain James Brown and his two sons, Jesse and Alexander, enlisted in that service. The Mormon leaders, having been allowed the privilege of choosing officers for the Battalion below the Colonel commanding, who was to be a United States regular officer, Brigham Young, as leader of the community, appointed Jefferson Hunt, senior captain, and James Brown captain of Company C. The Battalion marched from old Council Bluffs, as directed, under the command of Colonel James Allen of the regular army; and, without our following these volunteer soldiers in their famous march, we note that, in due time, Captain James Brown and his company arrived at Santa Fe. Here he was called to take a detachment of those who were not able to cross the plains, in consequence of some of his company being sick and worn out by the march, and to proceed with this detachment to Pueblo, on the headwaters of the Arkansas river, where he was sent to take care of the sick, and also for the purpose of guarding the place. After the discharge of the Battalion soldiers, on July 16th, 1847, Captain James Brown hastened with his detachment from Pueblo to the Valley of the Great Salt Lake, to strengthen the pioneer band of his people, which arrived in the Valley July 24th. The record of the entrance of Captain James Brown into the valley with his detachment of the Battalion is recorded in Wilford Woodruff's history of the Pioneers. In his notes of July 27th, he says: " Amasa Lyman came into camp and informed us that Captain Brown's detachment of the Mormon Battalion would be with us in about two days. "We again started on our exploring expedition. All the members of the Quorum of the Twelve belonging to the pioneers, eight in number, were of the company. Six others of the brethren, including Brannan of San Francisco, were with us. * * ** ****' 4 TULLIDGE S HISTORIES. " On the 29th, President Young, with a number of brethren, mounted and started to meet the Battalion detachment, under the command of Captain James Brown. "We met some of them about four miles from camp, and soon afterwards met Captains Brown and Higgins, Lieutenant Willis and the company. There were one hundred and forty of the BattaUon, and a company of about one hundred of the Mississippi Saints, who came with them from Pueblo. They had with them sixty wagons, one hundred horses, and three hundred head of cattle, which greatly added to our strength." Ill his notes of the return of the Pioneers to Winter Quar- ters, Historian Woodruff says: "On the morning of the 26th of August, 1847, the Pioneers, with most of the returning members of the Mormon Battalion, harnessed their horses and bade farewell to the brethren who were to tarry. The soldiers were very anxious to meet their wives again, whom they had left by the wayside for their service in the war with Mexico. These being, too, the ' young men of Israel,' had left many newly-wedded wives; and not a few of those brave young men were fathers of first-born babes whom they had not yet seen." The pertinence of these Battalion notes here will be quickly apparent in the statement that it was these Battalion men, who were left in the Valley, who founded Ogden City and Weber County — that is to say, they formed the infant colony at the onset, before the return of President Young and the Pioneers with the body of the church, in the fall of 1848. There were, also, among the founders of the Ogden colony, several families of the Mississippi company of Saints, of whom Historian Wood- ruff speaks, who accompanied Captain James Brown's detach- ment from Pueblo — Father Crow and his son-in-law being the heads of two of those families. After the departure of President Young and the majority of the Pioneers and the Battalion detachment. Captain Brown started from the valley for San Francisco to collect from the Government the pay to the men of his detachment, he having been so instructed by President Young, and furnished with powers of attorney from the men to collect for them. The company that left the valley for San Francisco consisted of Captain Brown and nine others — namely, "Sam" Brannan, Gilbert Hunt, John Fowler, Abner Blackburn, William Gribble, Lisander Woodworth, Henry Frank, and Jesse S. Brown, eldest son of Captain Brown. The company on their way went to Fort Hall, where they obtained animals and provisions of Captain Grant of the Amer- ican Fur Company, a man whose name was well known in those days. Thus furnished with animals and supplies, they continued their journey to San Francisco. A passage from the reports of Governor Mason, who succeeded General Kearney as military Governor, will here supply an official link. In his report to the Adjutant-General, of October 7th. he wrote: THE FOUNDERS OE OGDEN. 5 "Wlien on my way up to San Francisco, I was overtaken by Captain Brown of tlie Mormon Battalion, who had arrived from Fort Hall, where he had left his detachment of the Battalion to come to California to report to me in person. He brought a muster roll of his detachment, with a power of attorney from all its members to draw their pay; and as the IBattalion itself had been discharged on the 16th of July, Paymaster Rich paid to Captain Brown the money due to the detachment up to that date according to the rank they bore upon the muster-rolls upon which the Battalion had been mustered out of ser- vice. Captain Brown started immediately for Fort Hall, at which place and in the Valley of Bear River he said the whole Mormon emigration intended to pass the winter." Undoubtedly, Governor Mason, in several of the above points, misunderstood Captain Brown relative to his having left his detachment at Fort Hall, they having, as we have seen, ac- companied him to the Valley of the Great Salt Lake, and many of them were then at Council Bluffs, having returned to their families; he also, it would seem, confounded the "Valley of the Bear River" for the Valley of the Salt Lake, where the "whole of the Mormon emigration intended to pass the winter." This misconception was probably owing to the fact that Captain Brown overtook him after stopping at Fort Hall to obtain ani- mals and supplies. His report, however, contains all the official points necessary to the record of the paying of Captain Brown's detachment at this given date, and that payment of these Mor- mon soldiers has a direct suggestiveness to the first money sup- plies of the people in the valley, and it may be inferred that the Goodyier purchase also has some connection with the personal money of Captain Brown, accumulated while in the United States service, and increased, probably, by the results of this journey to California, in the fall and winter of 1847. It will be judicious here to give a passage relative to the character and moral status of these Mormon soldiers, who con- tributed so largely to the population of these valleys a^ the onset, which obtains a special historical value in the early record of Ogden, from the fact that its pioneer was a commanding officer in the Battalion, and others of its members among its first set- tlers. In his report to the Adjutant-General, of September 18th, 1847, Governor Mason wrote: "Of the services of the Battalion, of their patience, subordination and u-eneral good conduct, you have already heard; and I take great pleasure in adding tiiat as a body of men they have religiously respected the rights and feelings of these conquered people, and not a syllable of complaint has reached my ears of a single insult offered or outrage done by a Mormon volunteer. So high an opinion did I entertain of the Battahon and of their special fitness for the duties now performed by the garrisons in this country that I made strenuous efforts to engage their services for another year." Of the company of Mormon volunteers who re-enlisted, Bancroft says : "As before, the work of the Mormons was rather that of mechanics than of soldiers, since there were no disorders requiring military interference. Says 6 TULLIDGB S HISTORIES. the writer of one diary, ' I think I whitewashed all San Diego. We did their blacksmithing, put up a bakery, made and repaired carts, and m fine, did all we could to benefit ourselves as well as the citizens. We never had any trouble with the Californians or Indians, nor they with us. The citizens became so attached to us, that before our term of service expired they got up a petition to the Governor to use his influence to keep us in the service. The petition was signed by every citizen in the town.'" Among the officers of this re-enlisted company were Captain Daniel C. Davis, the founder of Davis County, northern Utah; and Lieutenant Cyrus C. Canfield, who was one of the founders of Ogden, and Captain of the first military company formed in Weber County, in the beginning of the year 1850,_to protect the infant colonies of the north from Indian depredations. We return now to Captain James Brown, whom we left on his return from San Francisco to Salt Lake City. Of the company who started with Captain Brown from the Salt Lake Valley, only two returned with him— namely, Abner Blackburn and Jesse Brown, son of the Captain; but on the way home they picked up Samuel Lewis of the Battalion. Sam. Brannan had merely come to the valley to hold a conference with the Pioneers, whom he had met at Green River, and, failing to induce President Young and the band of Pioneers under his leadership to go on with him to California, to found their pros- pective State, he returned to San Francisco, somewhat disap- pointed and chagrined at the failure of his mission, and, prob- ably, his influence and representation of the bright prospects before them in California, induced the remainder of Brown's company to desert him on the return trip. Be that as it may, thus left with only his son Jesse and Abner Blackburn on his journey home, with the money to pay off his detachment. Cap- tain Brown realized that he was undertaking a dangerous and very daring journey so late in the season; but he, and the two brethren with him, resolved to undertake it all risks, and they felt greatly strengthened when they picked up on the way Samuel Lewis, of the Battalion brethren. At Sutter's Fort, now Sacramento, Captain Brown and his two companions, Abner Blackburn and Jesse Brown, loaded their pack animals. They had five bushels of wheat and half a bushel of Spanish corn; and this was the first wheat ever sown ill Weber County — indeed, the first sown in Northern Utah, after that sown by the Pioneers and the companies that came into the Valley immediately after them that season. Starting from Sutter's Fort, the Captain and his companions came by the Hastings Cut-Off, they having obtained a way bill of one of the survivors of that company which had starved to death in making its journey to California. It was not consid- THE GOODYIER PURCHASE. 7 ered possible for the brethren to make their way liome by any other route that season with so few in company. Captain Brown and his companions arrived at the Valley of the Great Salt Lake on the 15th of December,- 1847, and found the building of the Fort commenced by the Pioneers previous to their return to Winter Quarters, considerably advanced, during his absence in California collecting the pay of his detachment. Hearing that Miles Goodyier had a desirable place on the Weber River to sell — namely, all those lands which he claimed upon his Mexican grant. Captain Brown went up to Weber in the latter part of December to see the claim and negotiate with Goodyier with the purpose of founding a settlement. He was accompanied by Amasa Lyman, Jedediah M. Grant and others, to view this important situation for the planting of new settlements, and to advise with him relative to its purchase. Having concluded to purchase the Goodyier claim. Captain Brown returned to Salt Lake City, and, on the 14th of January, 1848, he paid to Miles Goodyier $3,000, in Spanish doubloons, for all those lands, in what is now known as Weber County, before described as the Goodyier Fort and claim on his Mexican grant. CHAPTER II. Brown's Settlement. Brigham's Instructions to Captain Brown to Purchase the Goodyier Claim. Planting the First Crops. The Weber Dairy. First Cheese Made in the Country. Crickets and Famine. Captain Brown Slaughters his Cattle and Feeds his Breadstuffs to the Destitute. His Lands Opened to Settlers. The First Money in Circulation. Having bargained for the Goodyier lands and improvements of the Weber country. Captain James Brown sent up his sons, Jesse and Alexander, and also a brother pioneer by the name of Datus Ensign, to take care of the place and stock previous to his commencement to found the projected settlement on the Weber River, in the spring of 1848. They came up before the close of the year 1847, immediately after the return of Captain Brown to Salt Lake City, who, with Amasa Lyman and Jedediah M. Grant, undoubtedly reported the prospects for northern settle- ments to the high council left in charge of the parent colony, presided over by Father John Smith, General Charles C. Rich, and John Young, brother of President Young. For strict fidelity to the history as well as for the under- 8 TULLIDGE S HISTORIES. standing of readers of later times, it will be here proper to sug- gest that this Goodyier purchase was probably made and also as likely projected under the counsel and direction of the authorities of the Church, which had been appointed by the Pioneer band, previous to their return to Winter Quarters. At the date of this purchase there were in the Valley such leaders as Apostles John Taylor, Parley P. Pratt, Amasa Lyman, and other heads of the Church of nearly equal historical importance and rank — such as Father John Smith, Charles C. Rich, John Young, Daniel Spencer, Bishop Edward Hunter, Jedediah M. Grant, Albert Carrington, Abraham 0. Smoot, and others who had figured dur- ing the great pioneer year of 1847 as captains and presidents. To imagine that this initial effort to establish a system of col- onies in these valleys of the North, now known as Northern Utah, was projected and accomplished as an individual pioneer enterprise, would be inconsistent with the whole history of the Mormon community. It was undoubtedly but a part of the sys- tem of colonization begun in these valleys in 1847, under the direction of Brigham Young and his apostolic compeers. It is also highly proper and pertinent in the introductory chapters of a volume devoted to the general history of the cities and counties of Northern Utah and Southern Idaho, to briefly notice the very relative circumstance of the Pioneers sending an exploring party into the northern country immediately on their arrival in the Valley of the Great Salt Lake. Historian Woodruff, in his notes of the Pioneers and their exploration of these valleys for colonization, under the date of August 14th, 1847, records: "Four of the messengers returned from Bear River and Cache Valley. They brought a cheering report of Cache Valley. The brethren also returned who went to Utah Lake for flsh. They found a mountain of granite." On the day the Pioneers laid off Great Salt Lake City, standing on Temple Block addressing them. President Young observed, "that he intended to have every hole and corner from the Bay of San Francisco to Hudson Bay known to us." In fact, the great Mormon colonizer and his apostolic coun- selors not only laid off and named the " City of the Great Salt Lake," sending exploring parties both north and south, but he sketched the general plan of the colonization of this country, and left well-defined instructions to those left in charge of affairs in the Valley, to be carried out by them during the period of the return of the Pioneers to Winter Quarters to bring on the body of the Saints. Nothing was done in their absence that was no't designed previous to their departure. Those districts of country now known as Weber County, Cache County and Utah County were particularly marked in this colonizing sketch. THE GOODYIER PURCHASE. Jesse Brown, eldest sou of Captain James Brown, states that his father was instructed by President Young to make the Goodyier purchase. Without recording this note as an historical certainty, it seems consistent and according to well known gen- eral facts. That Captain Brown was sent by President Young to San Francisco to collect the pay due his detachment of the Battalion soldiers, we may be quite sure, for, otherwise, though he was their immediate commanding officer, Captain Brown never would have carried with him a power of attorney from each member of his detachment to collect their pay as a body. In a previous case, when the men enlisted, agents were sent by President Young, as leader of the community, from Winter Quarters to Washington, to collect the first instalment of the Battalion pay; not only to supply the wants of the families of the enlisted men, but also to aid the leaders in the removal of the community from Winter Quarters to the Eocky Mountains. Captain James Brown was, no doubt, sent on a similar mission — as an agent of the Church, as well as of the men whose pay he was authorized to collect by his power of attorney. Captain Brown received from Paymaster Rich $10,000 in Spanish doubloons. This money he brought with him to the Valley to pay off the men of his detachment. With the gold brought from California Captain Brown pur- chased the Goodyier lands; and this statement does not imply that it was paid from a joint stock fund of the soldiers, but rather from his own proportion and accumulations while in the service and in probable business gains on his recent trip. The money thus brought into the country during the ab- sence of the Pioneers, gives an evident reason of the commence- ment of the colonization in the North, on the Weber River, a year before it began in the South with the Provo colony. It was the money obtained by Captain Brown that enabled him to make the purclaase in question, and hence to start a colony in the North, which further strengthens the historian's opinion that it was a part of the colonizing plan of President Young, given to Captain Brown M'hen he sent him to California to collect the Battalion pay. At this point may be also emphasized the fact that the Goodyier claim consisted of something more than unoccupied lands. There was a fort and farm stock, which furnished a very fair and sufficient start for a regular settlement of the Mormon colonists who had just arrived in the Valley, while in the South there was nothing of the kind, nor had the settlement, out of which grew Salt Lake City, so much as a Goodyier fort and stock to commence upon. So far Ogden antedates Salt Lake City. Besides the fort, described in the opening chapter, there 2 10 tullidge's histories. were included in the purchase for $3,000, seventy-iive head of cattle, about a similar number of goats, twelve head of sheep, and six horses. In the spring of 1848, Captain Brown and his sons planted five acres of wheat from the seed which he brought from Cali- fornia, which was the first wheat planted in the Weber country. He also planted corn, potatoes, cabbage, turnips and a few water- melons. Goodyier and his men expected the crops would be a total failure, and so frankly represented the prospect to the Captain at the time he made the purchase. One of Goodyier 's men told the story that he had been about four years trying to raise corn, and had never raised a roasting ear. This, he said, was because the frost killed the corn when it commenced silk- ing; and "so it will be with you Mormons," he added. Nothing discouraged, however. Captain Brown and his sons put in their crops; and they raised that season one hundred bushels of wheat and seventy-five bushels of corn, besides potatoes, cabbage, a crop of fine turnips, and a few watermelons. Jesse and Aleck Brown plowed the first furrow in Weber County; and, from the stock purchased of Goodyier, the family milked twenty-five cows, and made the first cheese produced in Utah, several thousand pounds being the result of the first season's milk. Mary Black, one of Captain Brown's wives, made the cheese. Their dairy was considered, in these early times, quite a cheese manufactory, from which the community at Salt Lake, as well as the settlers of the Weber, obtained the rare luxuries of dairy supplies. Meantime, till harvest, Captain Brown sent his son Alex- ander to Fort Hall to purchase flour to feed his family. Aleck was accompanied by Thomas Williams, one of the Battalion, who was afterwards well known as one of the principal Salt Lake merchants, and Ebeneza Hanks. Between them they bought six hundred pounds of flour — two hundred each. They loaded it on pack animals. Brown's portion furnished the family at Goodyier Fort; the remainder, though but a small quantity, was a welcome portion of that year's supplies to the Salt Lake colony. The condition of the community generally, in the spring of 1848, is graphically described by Parley P. Pratt in his auto- biography; and his touching passages are very suggestive here of the primitive luxuries of Brown's prolific dairy at Goodyier Fort. Parley P. Pratt says: I continued my farming operations, and also attended to my ministry in the Church. Devotmg my Sabbaths and leisure hours to comforting and en- •couraguig the Saints, and urging them to faith and persevering industry m trymg to produce a lirst harvest in a desert one thousand miles from the nearest place Avhich had matured a crop in modern times. THE WEBER DAIRY. H We had to struggle against great difliciilties in trying to mature a first crop. We had not only the difficulties and inexperience incidental to an un- known and untried climate, but also swarms of insects equal to the locusts of Egypt, and also a terrible drought, while wo were entirely inexperienced in the art of irrigation. During this spring and summer my family and myself, in common with many of the camp, suffered much for want of food. This was the more severe on me and my family because we had lost nearly all our cows, and the few which were spared to us were dry, and therefore we had no milk to help out our provisions. I had plowed and subdued land to the amount of nearly forty acres, and had cultivated the same in grain and vegetables. In this labor every woman and child in my family, so far as they were of sufficient age and strength, had joined to help me, and had toiled incessantly in the field, suffer- ing every hardship which human nature could well endure. Myself and some of them were compelled to go with bare feet for several months, reserving our Indian moccasins for extra occasions. We toiled hard and lived on a few greens and on thistles and other roots. We had sometimes a little flour and some cheese, and sometimes we were able to procure from our neighbors a little sour skimmed milk or buttermilk. In this way we lived and raised our first crop in these valleys. And how gi'eat was our joy in partaking of the first fruits of our industry. These passages, of the early history of the community in the valleys, as described with that graphic simplicity so peculiar to Parley P. Pratt's pen, are very suggestive of the support given by Brown's settlement on the Weber River, with its seventy-five head of cattle; about the same of goats; twelve head of sheep; with the milk of twenty-five cows, and a dairy that supplied sev- eral thousand pounds of cheese and butter. Captain Brown's cows, inured to the climate and accustomed to the feed of the country, yielded abundance of milk when Apostle Pratt's cows were dry; and the blessing to the community of the butter and cheese, made at " Brownville," as the settlement was styled in Captain Stansbury's book, can be readily appreciated, at a time when a little sour skim milk and a pound of cheese were esteemed so rare a treat to the family of a favorite Apostle. Even after the harvest of 1848, the destitution of the com- munity Avas mos1/ distressing. In the First General Epistle sent out from the Mormon Presidency, in the spring of ] 849, they write of their destitution thus: In the former part of February, the bishops took an inventory of the breadstuff in the Valley, when it was reported that there was little more than three-fourths of a pound per day for each soul, until the fifth of July; and considerable was known to exist which was not reported. As a natural con- sequence, some were nearly destitute while others had abundance. The com- mon price of corn since harvest has been two dollars; some have sold for three; at present there is none in the market at any price. Wheat, has ranged from four to five dollars, and potatoes from six to twenty dollars per bushel; and though not to be bought at present, it is expected that there will be a good supply for seed by another year. It was during this destitute condition of the parent colony that "Brownville," on the Weber River, was as the land of Goshen to the Children of Israel. At a time when Captain Brown might have readily sold his breadstuff for ten dollars per 12 TULLIDGB S HISTORIES. hundred, he sold it to his destitute brethren for four dollars per sack of flour; while he slaughtered a large portion of his fat cattle, which he had purchased from Goodyier, to supply them with beef. The old settlers of Weber County, to this day, speak with grateful appreciation of this public benevolence of their pioneer to the community at large, at the onset of our colonies, when their little settlement grew up as a worthy help-mate of the parent settlement of Salt Lake City. In the quoted passages from Parley P. Pratt, a brief refer- ence is made to the " swarms of insects, equal to the locusts of Egypt," that came down upon their fields to devour their first harvest; but something further may be said of this circumstance in view of the comparatively fair crops raised that season on the Weber River. To the graphic description of Parley P. Pratt of those times, I may supplement the following passage from my life of Brigham Young: Then came the desolating crickets before the harvest of 1848. Their rav- ages were frightful. Countless hosts attacked the fields of grain. The crops were threatened with utter destruction. The valleys appeared as though scorched by fire. Famine stared the settlers in the face. All were in danger of perishing. America and Europe were shocked with the prospect of a whole community being doomed to absolute starvation before succor could be sent, even had the benevolent Christian world been disposed to feed the outcast Mormons from its overflowing granaries. Then came a manifestation of a special providence. Immense flocks of gulls came up from the islands of the lake to make war upon the destroying hosts. Like good angels they come at the dawn; all day they feasted upon the crickets. When full they disgorged and feasted again. Thus the gulls saved the Mormons in 1848. They were, indeed, as angels sent, and the grateful people treated them as such. This incident along with that of the coming of the flock of quails to the remnant of the exiles from Nauvoo, as they laid sick and starving on the banks of the Mississippi, will live in Mormon history to be deservedly compared with the feeding of the Children of Israel in the wilderness. Even as it was there was a season of famine in Utah ; but, like as in the second famine in 1856, none perished from starvation. In both ^ases the patriarchal character of the community saved it. As one family they shared the substance of the country. The inventory of provisions in the spring of 1849 showed that there was only three-quarters of a pound of breadstuflfs per day in the whole Territory for each person, up to the 5th of July. It is evident that in all these times of famine, as in their exodus and emigrations, the Mormons owe their preservation to their patriarchal and communistic organization. The people were put upon rations. Still their breadstufTs were insufficient and many went out with the Indians and dug small native roots, while some in their destitution took the hides of animals which covered the roofs of their houses and cut them up and cooked them. But the harvest of 1849 was abun- dant, and the people were saved. This picture is not exaggerated, and its reference to the affected anxiety, to say the least, of the Christian people, in America and England, relative to the Mormons in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains is strictly correct. The newspapers of both countries were teeming with distressing news of the Mor- mons; and Punch, in one of its cartoons presented to the general CRICKETS AND FAMINE. 13 public, and the Mormons of England, the frightful scene, though a caricature, of the grasshoppers eating the Mormon children in the valleys. It is true the gulls seemed as angels sent in a miracle to save the Saints, but the sociologist and historian will most note the patriarchal example, and attribute much of the good result to the presiding care of Brigham Young and the semi-commu- nistic example of such pioneers as Captain James Brown, who with an unstinted hand fed to the people his breadstuff, and his beef, and butter, and cheese from his bountiful dairy. The little settlement on the Weber River, of course, suffered somewhat from the ravages of the grasshoppers; yet, compared with that of the settlement of Salt Lake, the loss of the Captain's crops was light. As before noted. Captain Brown raised, in the season of 1848, one hundred bushels of wheat and seventy-five bushels of corn, besides potatoes, cabbage, and a fine crop of turnips. Such a crop, at such a time, when the whole commu- nity were famishing, was a blessing indeed; and well does Cap- tain Brown deserve the historical record that, when wheat sold for five dollars per bushel, and potatoes from six to twenty dol- lars per bushel, he sold his fiour to the brethren at four dollars per hifndred. Of the Goodyier claim Captain Brown retained only two or three hundred acres, allowing his fellow colonists, in whose in- terest as well as for himself the claim was purchased, to settle in the country without price or question of their rights. Indeed, at this period, the Mormon community were living strictly up to the tenor of the first sermon which Brigham Young preached in the Valley, Sunday, July 25, 1847, in which he said: "No man of the community should buy any land who came here; that he had none to sell; but every man should have his land measured out to him for city and farming purposes. He might till it as he pleased, but he must be industrious and take care of it." So Captain James Brown, though he had purchased the Goodyier claim, to give the colonists undisputed occupation, was living up to the strict order of the community; he had no land to sell to his brethren; it was theirs for legitimate settling with- out money and without price. It may be also here noted, before closing these special refer- ences to Captain Brown and the Battalion settlers, that it was their soldier pay of $10,000 in Spanish gold, that furnished the first money in circulation in these valleys. Excepting these doubloons, and half-doubloons, with which Brown's detachment was paid off, there was probably not a cent of money in the country among the Mormons in the years 1847 and 1848, until the arrival of their companies in September, 1848, seeing that 14 tullidge's histories. the community from February, 1846, had been on their migra- tion passage from the Eastern frontiers to the Rocky Mountains, and that absolutely all their money resources were spent in out- fitting the pioneer companies. The next money in circulation was the coin of Deseret, issued from the Deseret State mint, coined from the gold dust discovered .by some of the Battalion men on Mormon Island, California. Governor Young related to Colonel Kane, a few years later, that the first $20 gold pieces issued in the United States were coined from this gold, and in this Deseret State mint. CHAPTER III. Organization of tlie Weber Branch.* Lorin Farr Appointed President. Com- mencement of Indian Difficulties in the North. A Settler Kills the Chief Terikee. Retaliation of the Tribe. The Indians Threaten to Destroy the Settlement. Governor Young Sends Troops to the Aid of the Northern Colonists. His Vigorous Measures Avert a General Indian War, North and South. The first branch of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints in Weber County was organized March 5th, 1850, and named the Weber Branch. Lorin Farr was appointed president. On the following day it was organized as a ward, and Isaac Clark was appointed bishop, Daniel Birch, teacher, and Brvan W. Nolan, clerk. ^ Lorin Farr, though not the pioneer of the Weber colony, may very properly be considered the founder of Ogden City, of which he was the first mayor; and, for twenty years thereafter he served the city in the capacity of its mayor, and under his fostering care and judicious administration the city grew up The elder brother of Lorin Farr, Aaron F. Farr, was one of the one hundred and forty-three members of the Pioneer band and he was afterwards, for about ten years, probate judge of Weber County. Lorin Farr, though not one of that band was nevertheless a pioneer of 1847, he having arrived in the' Salt Lake Valley September 21, 1847, in President Daniel Spencer's company, which was the first company that arrived after the Pioneer band. Lorin Farr settled, during the first two years, in Salt Lake atcll%f"S?yrte*r^^"^'°*^^^- ^"*--t-« items see Ogden notes INDIAN DIFFICULTIES. 15 City; but, soon after the return of President Young and his pioneer compeers, with the body of the Church from Winter Quarters, Brigham Young, being desirous for the rapid growth and efficient government of the young colonies, sent Lorin Farr to take charge of affairs in Weber County. He accordingly came to Ogden, and under his direction the first company of the militia of Weber County was organized in February, this being done a few days previous to the organization of the Weber branch, on the 5th of March, 1850. Cyrus C. Canfield, who had served as a senior lieutenant in the Mormon Battalion, was elected captain of this company, and Francillo Durfee, who was another of the Battalion soldiers, was elected first lieutenant. The colony at this time numbered only from twenty to thirty families and about all the men were enrolled in this militia organization. This military organization was soon called into requisition by the Indian difficulties of the fall of 1850. It occurred as follows: On the 20th of September, 1850, Urban Stewart, who was opening a ranch on " Four Mile Creek," now known as Harris- ville, hearing in the night some one in his corn, took his gun and went out and fired at random in the direction of the noise. The person in the corn proved to be Terikee, the chief of the Weber band of Indians; and the fatal shot fired at random killed the chief. Old Terikee was a good Indian, and up to the time of his death, he had been on the most friendly terms with the whites. During the day before the night on which he was killed, he and his squaw came over to President Farr, where he was building his mills, and bade him and his wife good bye, after which the chief returned to his camp, near Stewart's ranch, where he and a part of his family had stopped for the night, while his band had gone on a hunt further north, the chief intending to follow on their trail. It was afterwards the prevailing opinion of the settlers that Terikee was not in Stewart's corn with any intent to steal, but to drive out his ponies which had got into the un- fenced corn. As soon as Stewart discovered the fatal result of his rash act, he hastened, in alarm for the consequences, to his nearest neighbor, David Moore, and, waking him up, informed him of what he had done. Aroused to stern indignation. Major Moore severely rebuked Stewart, not only for killing the chief, but for provoking the certain return of the band to take vengeance for the death of their chief. Stewart next went and awoke another neighbor and told his story with the same result, both refusing to harbor him to the endangering of their own families and the settlement generalh'. He then went to the house of President 16 tullidge's histories. Farr, where he arrived at two o'clock in the morning and awoke him and told him also what he had done; whereupon President Farr advised Stewart to go immediately back and bring his family to his place for shelter. This was done by four o'clock in the morning; but Stewart himself was rebuked by the President also, who realized too well, the danger of his little colony, and the weighty responsibilities suddenly thrown upon him, to preserve the settlers from the impending consequences which might quickly follow the rash, unjustifiable act of this one man, whom he bade to escape and hide if he wished to preserve his scalp, while he undertook the care of Stewart's family. Early on the same morning, President Farr directed ten or a dozen of the brethren to go north as far as the Hot Springs, and gather in the scattered cattle, which belonged to the settle- ment, directing them to keep in parties of not less than five and to go M'ell armed. He, with Major David Moore, then went over to Captain Brown's Fort, and informed the Captain and the set- tlers with him what had transpired during the previous night. Realizing the danger of their little colony, and knowing that Terikee's band would return to avenge their chief, as soon as they got the news, the leading men of the colony, after consult- ing, resolved to send a dispatch by Major Moore to Governor Young, requesting him to send aid as quickly as possible, as an Indian raid was expected at any moment, as soon as Terikee's band got the news of the killing of their chief Major Moore was also instructed to call on his way and communicate the mat- ter to Colonel John S. Fulmer of Davis County, so that he might be prepared with his company for an order from Gov- ernor Young through General Wells. Meantime, during the night on which the chief was killed, his younger son, who had remained with his father, jumped on to a horse and overtook the band, which had camped on Box Elder Creek, on the_ present site of Brigham City, and told them of the killing of their chief; and immediately the band, in fierce rage, mounted their ponies and rode furiously back to attempt the destruction of the Ogden settlement, in revenge for the kill- ing of Terikee. There was also another band of Indians at that time camped on the Weber River. They were Utes, under the command of "Little Soldier." These also were provoked to great rage over the killing of the old chief, and they threatened to burn the set- tlement and kill the settlers unless Stewart was given up to appease the vengeance of the Indian bands. But previous to his starting with the dispatch, to Salt Lake City, Major Moore, unarmed and alone, went over to the camp of "Little Soldier" to endeavor to temper his wrath. He was at RELIEF SENT TO THE COLONY. 17 first received witli a passionate sliow of liostility, "Little Soldier" firing his rifle close over the Major's head, and his warriors shouting and gesticulating expressions of their wrath. Major Moore, however, spoke earnestly and sympathetically, touching the killing of the chief, and he soon convinced the band that the settlers were in no way chargeable for Stewart's act, but on the contrary, they were very indignant at the outrage which had brought on the difficulties and broken the peace between the settlers and the Indian encampments of the north. " Little Soldier," though conciliated, persisted in his demand for the person of Stewart; but Major Moore protesting that the settlers knew not where he had fled for safety, and that a full account of the affair would be sent immediately to the " Big Chief at Salt Lake" — Governor Young — "Little Soldier" promised that nothing should be done by his warriors, in killing and burning, until the return of the messenger. But scarcely had Major Moore started for Salt Lake, with President Farr's dispatch, ere some of the party sent out to gather up the scattered stock came hurriedly to Brown's Fort with the news that Terikee's band had returned, and killed in retaliation one of the party sent out that morning. The person whose life had paid for Urban Stewart's act was a Mr. Campbell, who was the principal mechanic in building Farr's mills; and he was, at the time of the tragedy, still in Mr. Farr's employ; he was a Gentile who intended to proceed to California, as soon as he obtained means to continue his journey; in the meantime he had been a valuable aid to the Weber colony for his skill and experience as a mechanic. As soon as the news was brought to Brown's Fort of the loss of Mr. Campbell, President Farr despatched another messenger — Daniel Birch — to Governor Young with this latter news of the development of Indian difficulties. Major Moore arrived in Salt Lake City just before sundown; and immediately Governor Young issued an order to General Wells, to send out in the country around to gather a troop of horsemen, with instructions that they should go on this expedi- tion well armed and well equipped with baggage wagons. The occurrence was just such an one to call into action the marvelous energy and promptitude of the great colonizer, whose chief anxiety at that very moment was to preserve the infant colonies, north and south, from Indian depredations. With that turbulent war chief, the famous Walker, on the war path in the south, who would have been only too ready to unite all the In- dians of Utah in a general war upon the whites, this Indian difficulty in Weber County was of the most serious consequence. Early this same year Big Elk, chief of the Timpanogas In- 3 18 tulmdge's histories. dians, with his warriors had attacked the Provo colonj^, upon M'hich Governor Young ordered out the whole military force of Salt Lake Countyj which had. been just organized, under the com- mand of Major-General Daniel H. Wells. The battle of Provo was fought in February, 1850, the Indians routed and Big Elk killed; but, about a month previous to this outbreak in Weber County, Walker had laid a plan to fall upon the Provo settle- ment in the night, and with his powerful band of warriors, then camped close by, massacre the whole colony. This he would have accomplished, had not Soweite, king of the whole Ute nation, threatened Walker that he and his warriors would fight side by side by the settlers. With Soweite, then, holding at bay his turbulent chiefs and warriors, whom Walker commanded — ■ though he, Soweite was their king — and in the north Terikee do- ing very much the same, in restraining the Indians of the north, and cultivating peace with the settlers, this killing of Terikee was of more than ordinary consequence, threatening, perhaps, a general Indian war upon the settlements, both north and south. Such was the aspect of the Indian affairs of Utah, on the morning when the dispatch was sent to Governor Young of the killing of Terikee, and two hours afterward, another dis- patch of the killing of Mr. Campbell, in retaliation, by Terikee's band. In a few hours one hundred and fifty of the "minute men," under the command of General Horace S. Eldredge, were riding to the rescue of the Weber colony, well armed, with baggage wagons for a vigorous campaign, should it be required. The company reached Brown's Fort, a distance of forty miles from Salt Lake City, early in the morning, and after breakfast and a council of war with the presiding men of the settlement. General Eldredge, with his mounted troops, proceeded farther north, with a view of overtaking the Indians, to see if there could not be an amicable settlement made with them, in order to prevent anv further difficulties. Meantime the Terikee's band, learning of the rapid ap- proach of the troop of relief, had taken the body of their chief, and with his family, made a quick retreat further north. Gen- eral Eldredge followed their trail as far as Box Elder Creek, and then sent scouts ahead to reconnoitre. They followed nearly to Bear Eiver, a distance of about forty miles from Ogden; but finding that the Indians were anxious , to put a long distance between themselves and the pursuing force, the scouts returned and made their report, whereupon General Eldredge, who had camped that night on Box Elder Creek, returned to Qo-den 'a council was there held, and the (Jeneral and his officers\'ith the ORGANIZATION OF WEBER COUNTY. 19 leading men of the settlement, agreeing in the judgment that the prompt, energetic measures of Governor Young, in sending sufficient force, had checked for the present further Indian diffi- culties, he, General Eldredge, went home with his troop and so reported to the Governor. CHAPTER IV. Great Increase of Population. Organization of Weber County and Weber Stalte. Valuable Notes from Governor Young's Journals. He is met with Military Honors and Hailed Governor of Utah on his way from Ogden after Organizing the Weber Stake. Incorporation of Ogden City. In the fall of 1850, Governor Young sent up a large por- tion of that year's emigration from the States, mostly American families who had gathered on the frontiers on the Missouri River, during the several preceding years of the removal of the community to the valleys of the mountains. There were over a hundred families of these new settlers. This large and quick increase of population in a few months formed the nuclei of the early settlements, and soon afterwards the Weber Stake was organized. Weber County was organized by the General Assembly of the Provisional State of Deseret, in its first session, in the winter of 1849-50, over a year before the organization of the Weber Stake or the incorporation of Ogden City. In his private journals of that date. Governor Young has preserved notes of the doings of this Provisional State Legislature, some of which have a special interest and pertinence in a his- tory of Ogden City and Weber County. In the Governor's journal is the following note: January, 1850: As Governor of the Provisional State of Deseret, I ap- proved of ordinances providing for the organization of the judiciary; * * * providing for State and county commissioners on roads, author- izing the location of state roads; and proviling for the location of counties and precincts. Another note, though specially naming Salt Lake County, checks about the date of the passage of the ordinances organ- izing Salt Lake, Weber, Utah, Sanpete, Juab and Tooele Counties: In the Legislature of the Provisional Government of the State, on the 24th of January, 1850, Daniel H. Wells, Daniel Spencer and Orson Spencer 20 tuixidge's i-iistomes. were nominated for judges of the Supreme Court; Andrew Perkins, County judge (of Salt Lake County) with WilUam Crosby and James Hendricks asso- ciate judges; Aaron F. Fai'r and Willard Snow, magistrates. It will be here seen that Aaron F. Farr, afterwards so well known as probate judge of Weber County, was the first justice of the peace or magistrate created in Utah, and Willard Snow the second. The ordinance, or ordinances creating these above named counties have not been, as yet, found, either in the Territorial archives or in the Church Historian's office, though they have been sought for in the latter by Historian Woodruff, at the request of Judge Elias Smith. Some years ago the Utah Legislature appointed a committee (Hon. A. P. Rockwood, chairman), for the collection of geo' graphical and historical information, which committee applied to the judges of counties relative to the organization of counties and county courts, to which Judge Smith replied: The laws passed by the Provisional Government of the State of Deseret were then in force (namely, at the time the first county court was opened under the Territorial regime). What the provisions of those laws were relative to the organization of counties, I know not, as no reference thereto is made in the ordinances of the State of Deseret, extant; but there are good reasons for believing that an ordinance was passed providing for the organization of counties, as county officers to some extent were created and the duty of in- cumbents defined. That county courts were provided for there is no doubt, but when and how constituted, no law nor record that I have seen indicates; neither have I been able to ascertain what powers were delegated to them, with few exceptions. The explanation of this break in the record is that those ordinances, laws and charters, relative to counties and cities, passed by the Provisional Government, were afterwards incor- porated in revised acts of the Territorial Legislature, or retained intact by a resolution of the first Legislature, as were the char- ters of Salt Lake, Ogden, Manti, Provo, and Parowan cities, thus, substantially being preserved, and the records of the Provisional State Legislature, passing into the hands of a succession of sec- retaries of the Territory, they became lost, destroyed or buried among the rubbish of the department. Fortunately, however, for history. Governor Young has preserved, in his journals, a few valuable notes which will substantially fill the vacuum. The " General Epistle of the First Presidency to the Saints through- out the earth," dated February 5th, 1850, also helps to fill up the void. They note : The General Assembly of Dassret have held an adjourned session at in- tervals throughout the wniter and transacted much important business such as dividing the different settlements into Weber, Great Salt Lake, Utah! San- pete, Juab and Tooele Counties, and establishing county courts witli their judges, clerks and sheriffs, and justices and constables in their several iire- wnets; also a supreme court, to hold its annual session at Great Salt Lake GOVEKNOU young's NOTES. 21 City, attended by a State marshal and attorney, and instituting a general jurisprudence, so tliat every case, whetlier criminal or civil, may be attended to by officers of State according to law, justice and equity without delay. It will be noticed that Weber County is the first county named in this epistle. Salt Lake County, however, was un- doubtedly named first in the ordinance, in which same docu- ment Weber County was the second named. This organization took place late in the year 1849. At its second session, in October, 1850, the Governor notes; The General Assembly met on the 5th, and passed a bill providing for the organization of Davis County, which I approved. Thus it is shown, in Governor Young's record, that Weber County was the first organized of all the Northern counties of Utah, as Ogden was the first Northern city, indeed the first city incorporated after Salt Lake City. On the 25th of January, 1851, the "Weber Stake of Zion " was organized, with Lorin Farr president, and Charles R. Dan a and David B. Dillie counsellors. At this time the Weber branch received the name of Ogden, and it was deemed necessary to organize it into two wards. Isaac Clark was made bishop of the first, and James G. Browning and Captain James Brown were appointed his counsellors; Erastus Bingham, Sen., was appointed bishop of the Second Ward, and Charles Hubbard and Stephen Perry were chosen as his counsellors. The organization of the Weber Stake is connected with a famous circumstance in the history of Utah as a Territory, though the circumstance has nearly faded from the memory of the living who took part therein. Governor Young notes: On the 20th (January, 1851), in company with President Heber (,'. Kim- ball, Elder Amasa Lyman, and J. M. Grant and several others, I left the city for Weber County. During the trip we preached at all the principal settle- ments as far as Ogden; organized a branch at Sessions settlement and ordained John Stoker bishop; and another branch at John Hess', (Parmington) with Brother Gideon BromweU president; William Kay was ordained bishop of Kay's ward. Ogden was organized as a stake of Zion, with Lorin Farr presi- dent: Isaac Clark and Erastus Bingliam, bishops. On our return on the 28th, Major-Gteneral Wells and a large company of •mounted men and a band from the city, met us at Judson Stoddard's with news of my appointment by the president of the United States, Millard Fill- more, to the governorship of the Territory of Utah, and escorted us to the city, amid the firing of cannon and other demonstrations of rejoicing. This news came by way of California, brought by a portion of that same company which explored the southern route to Cal- ifornia in the fall of 1849, under the command of General Charles C. Rich; George Q. Cannon, who was then twenty-two years of age, being one of the company. The returning party ■consisted of Major Hunt, of the Mormon Battalion, Henry E. i("Jibson., afterwards a prominent business citizen of Ogden, and 22 TULLIDGE S HISTORIES. live others. To bear this important news they started on Christ- mas day and traveled with pack animals from Los Angeles to Salt Lake City. Major Hunt stopped on the way at his home in Provo; but Mr. Gibson posted on to headquarters where he ar- rived late in the evening of the 27th of January. Next morn- ing General Wells sent for him, and, having received from Mr. Gibson the published reports contained in the great eastern papers, of the setting up of the Territorial government and the appointment of Brigham Young as governor. General Wells took a detachment of the Nauvoo Legion and the Nauvoo brass band and Avent to meet President Young returning from his visit north to organize the Weber Stake, and hailed him Gover- nor of Utah. The news being certain and months having elapsed since the passage of the Organic Act, and his appoint- ment. Governor Young at once took the oath of office, on the 3d of February, 1851. Meantime since the passage of the Organic Act and the dissolution of the General Assembly, March, 1851, the Legislature of the Provisional State, during the session of the winter of 1850-1, had been considering acts to incorporate the cities of Salt Lake, Ogden, Manti, Provo and Parowan. On the 9th of January, 1851, the act to incorporate Great Salt Lake City was approved; and on the 6th of February, 1851, the ordinance to incorporate Ogden City was approved by Governor Young, not in his ca- pacity of Governor of the Territory, (for there was no Terri- torial Legislature at that time) but as Governor of the State of Deseret. Among the ordinances passed by the General Assembly of the Provisional State, in its session of 1850-51, which the Gov- ernor approved, he gives the following in his journal: " To provide for the organization of Iron County. "To incorporate Great Salt Lake City. "In relation to County Courts. "For establishing Probate Courts and defining the duties thereof. "To incorporate Ogden City. "To incorporate the city of Manti. "To incorporate Provo City. "To incorporate Parowan City, in Iron County." The charters of all the cities named, excepting Great Salt Lake City, were approved by the Governor on the same day February 6th, 1851. Ogden being the first, as may be seen by the order in which they stand in the first printed volume of laws of Utah Territory. One month and twenty days after signing these charters Governor Young formally announced to the General Assemblv THE CITY SURVEY Ell, 2:> the passage of the Territorial Organic Act, and recommended the early dissolution of the Provisional State government and the setting up of the Territorial, whereupon the General As- sembly resolved "that we fix upon Saturday, the 5th day of April next, for the adjournment and final dissolving of the General Assembly of the State of Deseret." Governor Young issued a proclamation on the first of July, 1851, calling the election for the first Monday in the following August, when it was accordingly held, August 4tli, and the Ter- ritorial Legislature duly created by the people. The members elected to this first Legislature of the Terri- tory of Utah were, from Weber Count}', to the council, Lorin Farr and Charles R. Dana; to the house, David B. Dillie, James Brown and James G. Browning. Thus it will be seen that Ogden (which was at that time Weber County) was represented by five members in this first Legislature. On the opening of its first session the following was passed; Joint JRssolution Legalizing the Laws of the Provisional Oovernment of the State of Deseret. Resolved by the Legislatii)e Assembl}/ of the Territory of Utah: That the laws heretofore passed by the Provisional Government of the State of Deseret, and which do not conflict with the Organic Act of said Territory, be, and the same are hereby declared legal and In full force and virtue, and shall so re- main until superseded by the action of the Legislative Assembly of the Terri- tory of Utah. ' Approved October 4th, 1851. This resolution preserved the original charter of Ogden City, and upon it this municipal government was administered up to the date of the passage of its revised charter. CHAPTER ^'. Mayor Farr has the Site of the City Surveyed. The People Move out of the Forts on to the City Lots. New Settlements— Outgrowths of Ogden. A Wall built around the City. Neighboring Forts. The Last of Indian Difficulties. The County Divided into Wards. General Notes to 1857. In the summer of 1851, Ogden City proper was laid off under the direction of Governor Young: Mayor Farr assisting him; Henry G. Sheerwood, surveyor. Immediately following, the set- tlers moved out of the forts on to their city lots and commenced 24 TULLIDGE S HISTORIES. building the city, so that in about two years the forts were vacated. In 1851-2, Mayor Farr seeing that the people were taking up choice spots of land at their pleasure, throwing the country into confusion, engaged Surveyor-General Lemon to survey those portions of the county, adjacent to the plat of Ogden City, on which new settlements were now growing up. Surveyor Lemon commenced the work, but dying soon afterwards, the survey was continued by William H. Dame and finished by Jesse W. Fox. The farming land was laid off in blocks half a mile wide, by one mile in length, the streets running every mile north and south, and every half mile east and west. Each lot contained twenty acres of land, ending or fronting the streets east and west. The survey ran from five to six miles north and south, and the same distance west. This section of the country was divided up at that time into districts. The first district formed outside the boundaries of Ogden City, north of Ogden River, was called Bingham Fort district (now Lynn); the next district north and west was called Slaterville; and north of these was a large and extensive settle- ment named North Ogden, which extended to the foot of the mountains on the north, and northwest to the Hot Springs, a distance of about nine miles. When Ogden City was organized it included most of the North Ogden district, but when this division was made it was cut off on its north extension, leaving the boundaries of Ogden City proper two miles north of Ogden River. By the years 1853-4, Ogden had grown into quite an import- ant city, while the adjacent settlements, though still small, were flourishing. Many farms were opened, some of them at a con- siderable distance from the dwellings of the owners. The male portion of the population being much of the time in the field, while the females and children remained at home, it was deter- mined to build a Spanish wall around the city, as a defense, with a gate on each side, and port holes at convenient distances. This work afforded a safeguard against any sudden surprise by the Indians; it at the same time furnished labor and the means of procuring subsistance for many individuals, who otherwise would, at that period, have been out of employ. This wall, which was built by direct taxes on the citizens to be benefitted thereby, probably cost about $20,000. The settlers also in the adjacent districts buiU forts; Mount Fort and Bingham Fort being of that date. This defense and show of constant vigilance, very likely, checked the turbulent dispositions of Indians from' making frequent attempts of hostilities in the early days of the Northern settlements; Imt undoubtedly the universally kind MAJOR MOORE CAPTURES THE INDIANS. 25 policy pursued by the settlers towards the aborigines, more than any other cause, resulted in the establishment of permanent peace in the county. The Indians became reconciled to their situation, and the settlers realized the wisdom of the well-known adage of Governor Young's Indian policy — " It is better and cheaper to feed them than to fight them." Before disposing of the Indian subject, an episode may be narrated of the early hostilities : During the latter part of the winter of 1850-51, Terikee's band, having returned under the leadership of Kattatto, who was a nephew of Terikee, located themselves about ten miles down the Weber River, west of Farr's Fort. They began to make trouble by killing cattle and stealing, and at length became so saucy that it was necessary to take some action. Accordingly Major David Moore, with a company of about sixty-five calvary men, surrounded the camp one morning at day break, and took them prisoners. There were'about fifty warriors; and, at the onset of the surprise, there was a show of resistance, but soon the Indians, seeing that resistance would be in vain, passively yielded and not a gun was fired. The chief agreed to accompany, with his warriors, Major Moore's troop to Farr's Fort, to make terms for peace and their future conduct. This was done with all formality, and a treaty in writing was made, the Indians agreeing to pay four ponies for every horse they stole, and two horses for every horn creature, which was to be esteemed as a four fold restitution. The chief men of the settlement agreed to do the same on the part of the settlers. The band kept their covenant; made particularly solemn to their primi- tive minds by its being recorded in document form, bearing their signatures or marks, and the treaty became traditional among them. In 1855, the people of "Weber County witnessed a very severe winter, losing nearly all their live stock on the ranges. In the fall of 1856, Weber County was divided into four wards, and bishops and counselors were appointed to preside over them. First Ward, Erastus Bingham, Sen., bishop; I. IS". Goodale and Armstead Mofatt, counselors ; Second Ward, James Browning, bishop; Jonathan Browning and Alburn Allen, counselors; Third Ward, Chauncey W. West, bishop, Winthrop Farley and Alexander Brown, counselors; Fourth Ward, Thomas Dunn, bishop; Ira Rice and William Austin, counselors. It is not the purpose of this history to follow the ecclesiastical line of the Mormon community, only so far as it underlies the organic formation of our cities and counties; but here it is worthy of the remark, for the understanding of the reader of the next generation, that Utah, in its pure Mormon days, was peopled and its cities built up on a strict system of colonization, colonies going out from their parent under a thorough organization, which was perfected in the founding and growth of each settlement; so it became properly regular to enact and administer the laws of a commonwealth through the ecclesiastical organization and methods 3 26 tullidge's histoeies. of the community, previous to the granting of city charters by the Legislature, when the civil government proper came into effect. Indeed, the enactment and administration of civil laws, by the will and vote of the colonists, were necessarily done for the peace and order of society; and so also the militia of counties was organized, and brought into active service to protect the settlements against Indian depredations, in some instances before the counties them- selves had an organic existence. Thus there was seen what has so often been misexpounded by writers as Mormon ecclesiastic rule — the irregular development of the commonwealth, before the setting up of the regular municipal government by the Legislative enact- ment; nor should we fail to note that in the defense of these colon- ies, in public improvements, the building of school houses, building of bridges, opening of canyons and the making of roads, etc., the expense was borne at the private cost of the settlers, by donations, and by the financial administration under the bishops of wards, rather than out of the public taxes, either of the city or county. Hence the organization of these bishops' wards, as noted above, is proper in the historical record of the growth of the settlements of Weber County. The first "Ward organized a school district, with William Payne, William Elmer and Milton Daley, trustees; who; com- menced to put up a school house, which, however, was never com- pleted. A school district was also organized in the second Ward, and the trustees, Alburn Allen, Lester J. Herrick and James Owen, built a school house. This year, 1856, the canal on the bench was made and the water taken out of the Ogden Eiver, for irrigation and other pur- poses. It is two miles long and cost $22,000. The work was done by the Ogden Irrigating Company, under the supervision of I. ]Sr. Goodale. The canal for irrigating the lower part of the city was taken out of the Weber Eiver in 1852, and is about seven miles in length. In the following year, 1857, other public buildings being too small to answer the requirements of public worship on the Sabbath, the Ogden Tabernacle was built on the square on the west side of Main Street, near the north end of the city. It was 100 by 50 feet outside, and comfortably seated 1,500 persons. In 1857, the Buchanan Expedition was sent to Utah. WEBER COUNTY AT THE PIONEER CELEBRATION. 27 CHAPTER VI. Weber County at the Pioneer celebration of the tenth anniversary in Big Cotton- wood Canyon. Arrival of the news of the Buchanan Expedition. Pioneer Day rises to a second Independence Day. The people resolve to lay their city in Ashes. An-ival of Captain Van Vliet. The tenth anniversary of the Pioneers had come, and the citizens from all parts of the Territory were invited to a grand celebration of the day in Big Cottonwood Canyon. On the 2l8t of July, 1857, a company, comprising about seventy-five men and their wives, including President Lorin Farr," Captain James Brown, the pioneer of Ogden, Colonel Chauncey W. West, commander of the district. Adjutant F. A. Brown, and other prominent persons, accompanied by the martial and brass bands, started from Ogden to attend the celebration. The proces- sion, when it got into line, made a very imposing appearance, with banners flying and bands playing as the company, in happy holiday procession style, passed through the settlements en route for Big Cottonwood Canyon. They were met everywhere on the way by the golden harvest fields, which the industrious husbandmen had gathered, who like themselves were leaving the plentiful crops of that season, which, typical of their own great joy, were smiling up in the face of bountiful heaven, while they themselves — the senti- ent expressions of this mutual gratitude of man and nature — wended their way to swell the jubilee of this tenth anniversary of the Pioneer Day. On the first night the company camped in Salt Lake City, to join the general procession under Grovernor Young, who had arranged to proceed to Big Cottonwood Canyon the following day. On the morning of the 22d of July, the martial and brass bands of the companies, which had gathered at headquarters, accompanied by the artillery in uniform, serenaded the capital "city of the Saints," after which the procession traveled on towards the canyon, at the mouth of which it camped for the night. Col. Chauncey W. West, Captain James Brown, Lorin Farr and others took supper with Father Winslow Farr, who lived at Big Cottonwood. At daybreak the procession renewed its march up the canyon, were it was detained an hour and a half at the gate of the first saw mill by the numbering of the wagons, horses and persons in the company. Thus numbered for the purpose of historical record. Governor Young led the van of the long line of carriages and wagons 28 tullidgb's histokies. towards the summit of the chosen spot, destined to be immortal in the pioneer history of this country, and about noon the cavalcade reached the beautiful little valley at the Cottonwood Lake, which nestles in the bosom of the mountains, 8,000 feet above the level of the sea. Early in the afternoon, the company, numbering 2,687 persons, encamped, and soon all were busy with the arrangements for the morrow. There were in attendaace, Captain Ballo's band, the ISTauvoo Brass Band, the Ogden City Brass Band, and the Great Salt Lake and Ogden martial bands; also of the military, the first company of Light Artillery, under Adjutant-General James Ferguson; a detachment of four platoons of Life Guards and one platoon of lancers, under Col. Burton, and one company of light infantry cadets under Captain John W. Young. There were also present as interested persons in the military display Col. Chauncey W. "West and officers representing the Weber military district and other dis^ trict commanders with their officers. Col. Jesse C. Little was grand marshal of the day. Early on the following morning the peopled assembled, and the choir sang: " On the mountain tops appearing." Then, after prayers th,e stars and stripes were unfurled on the two highest peaks in sight of the camp, on two of the tallest trees. At twenty minutes past nine a.m., three rounds from the artillery saluted the First Presidency, and at a quarter past ten three rounds 'were given for the "Hope of Israel." Captain John W. Young, vidth his company of light infantry, answered to this last salute, and went through their military evolutions to the admiration of the beholders. This company numbered fifty boys, at about the age of twelve, who had been uniformed by Governor Young. At noon Abraham 0. Smoot, Mayor of Salt Lake City, who had been to the "States" in the interest of the mail contract awarded to Mr. Hiram Kimball, rode into camp with Capt. Judson Stoddard, 0. P. Rockwell and Judge Elias Smith. These gentle- men brought news that the Postmaster General had repudiated the Kimball mail contract, and that a United States army under Gen. Kearney was on the way to Utah. It was the first tidings of war. It was not the mere news that the United States troops were on the way that caused the mighty tumult of that pioneer day for Captain Stansbury and Col. Steptoe had both been welcomed by Governor Young and the people in earlier years — nor was it the mere repudiation of the mail contract, which had brought into operation the Y. X. Carrying Company at a vast outlay of money and home resources to equip the line; but it was the news they brought of the designed invasion of their homes— of the approach of an army to subdue the Mormon people or exterminate them from the Territory which they had founded. The newspapers of America and Europe teemed with these anticipations. It was broadly suggested that volunteers from every state should pour NEWS OF WAR. 29 into Utah, make short work of the saints, possess their cities, fill their territory with a Gentile population, and take their wives and daughters as spoil, thus breaking up the polygamic institution. Such was the news which these brethren brought to the pioneers in the midst of their grand celebration of their tenth pioneer anni- versary. In a moment the festive song was changed to the theme of war; the jubilee of a people, "terrible from the beginning" in their faith, swelled into a sublime declaration of independence. ISTever before did such a spirit of heroism so suddenly and completely possess an entire community. "Brigham was undaunted," says Stenhouse in his "Rocky Mountain Saints." With the inspiration of such surroundings — the grandeur of the Wasatch range of the Rocky Mountains every- where encircling him, the stately trees whose foliage of a century's growth towered proudly to the heavens, the multitude of people before him who had listened to his counsels as if hearkening to the voice of the Most High — men and women who had followed him from the abodes of civilization to seek shelter in the wilderness from mobs, prattling innocents and youths who knew nothing of the world but Utah, and who looked to him as a father for protection — what could he not say ?" The people immediately broke up their celebration and returned to their homes, but the majority from the northern settle- ments, including the Ogden company, tarried over Sunday in Salt Lake City to hear the discourses of President Young and others of the leaders relative to the troops that were on the way and the resolve of Governor Young to call out the militia of the Territory to resist the "invasion." On the Monday, July 27th, the Ogden company returned to their city fired by the martial enthusiasm of the times. It was at the supreme moment of this general commotion throughout the territory of the Mormon people to prepare for a determined defence of their homes, which they, as an alternative, resolved to lay in ashes ere they allowed "the foot of the invader" to cross the sacred thresholds of their domestic sanctuaries, that Capt. Yan Yliet arrived in the capital city of the saints. He came to ask Governor Young to furnish supplies from his people for the United States troops, and to obtain his consent for. them to quarter in these valleys. But he was boldly told that neither would be granted; that "the army on the way was one of invasion which they would resist with the militia of the territory, if driven to the necessity; yet they had no desire for such an issue with the United States. Captain Van Yliet, however, was personally received by Governor Young, Lieut-General Wells and the Apostles with dis- tinguished cordiality, but with an open programme. They took him into their gardens. The sisters showed him the paradise that their woman hands would destroy if the invading army came. He 30 tullidab's histories. was awed by the prospect— Ms ordinary judgment confounded by such examples. He returned to Washington to report to the government, atter having pledged himself to use his influence to stay the army. CHAPTER VII. The people of Weber County move south and locate on the Provo Bottoms. The return home. The next day after the departure of Captain Van Vliet to report to the government on the critical aiffairs of Utah, Governor Young put the territory under martial law, and Lieutenant-General Wells immediately issued orders to Colonel Chauncey W. West, commander of the Weber County military district, also to the com- manders of the other districts, to take ,the field with their militia troops, to resist what was considered by the entire community as an unjust and wicked invasion of their country and their homes. With the merits of their cause the historiaii has nothing to do in these peaceful chapters of the founding, growth, progress and happy destiny of Ogden City. We but touch the historical links in the chain of events, and refer the enquiring reader to " Tullidge's History of Salt Lake City," where the entire history of the "Utah War" will be found in its numerous phases and expositions. Suffice here to say that the Weber County troops distinguished themselves in the field under Colonel West, that they were given the post of honor throughout the campaign, and that for distinguished service their commander, Chauncey W. West, was created Brigadier-General. It is also to be noted that in the spring of 1858, the entire people of Weber County, in common with all the northern settlements, moved south pending the conferences for a peaceful adjustment between the leaders of the Mormon community and the Peace Commissioners whom President Buchanan sent out to Utah, under the advice of that great statesman Jere S. Black, who at that time ruled his cabinet, and through the mediation of Col. Thomas L. Kane. The following is the brief interesting narrative of President Lorin Farr of the "move south" of the people of Weber County, and the subsequent return to their homes. He says : "I received instructions from President Young to move the people of Weber County south; but previous to the move I took Bishop West down and we selected a location west of Provo, THE PEOPLE OF WEBER COUNTY MOVE SOUTH. 31 between there and the lake, and the greatest portion of the Weber County people located on these bottoms. I came back and directed the people of the various wards, organized them under their differ- ent heads and commenced the move south. Before the Ist of May nearly all of Weber County were down on the Provo bottoms which we had before selected. Some made their quarters in wagons, tents and wickiups, built of long canes and flags. In many places the cane houses had the appearance of villages. Here on these bottoms the bulk of the Weber County people located themselves for two months, having commenced the "move" early in May ; some, however, went farther south. "Before leaving home I put in all my crops and raised as much wheat that year as I had done in previous years. A few others also put in grain before they went but most of them expected never to come back, thinking the community were about to make an exodus from Utah to some place not then chosen, similar to the exodus which they made from Nauvoo to these mountains under President Young's leadership. So a number of men were detailed to stay to burn our homes, leaving every settlement of Weber County in ashes, and the country as desolate as it was before the arrival of the pioneers. This was certain to be done throughout the entire terri- tory if the Peace Commissioners sent out by Buchanan failed to accomplish the terms of the treaty and Johnston's army re-opened hostilities after obtaining a foothold in the country. " So all was dark and uncertain when the people of Weber County left their homes ; but I had faith in our speedy return, and said to my family, when our wagons stood at our door ready to to start, ' In two months we shall come back again.' With this conviction I had planted my crops and I left two men to take care of them and my premises. " There were about three or four thousand of the people of Weber County camped on the Provo bottoms. As the summer came on the weather became oppressively hot, the water was bad as we had to dig holes to get water, and the people began to com- plain of sickness. The feed had also been all eaten off by the cattle, our cows dried up, flies were very bad in tormenting our cattle and it was with great difficulty that we controlled our stock from running off*. "I saw that something had to be done at once in moving the Weber County people from the Provo bottoms, or much suffering would naturally ensue from their condition. So I gathered up my stock on the Ist of July and set about moving the people back to Weber County, setting the example with my family. Having made my arrangements to return I went to Provo City where Presi- dent Young and his counselors, Heber C. Kimball, and Ceorge A. Smith were temporarily located, Provo City being headquarters of the Church during this exodus. I informed President Young of the condition of the people on the Provo bottoms and asked if he had any counsel for the Weber people; I also told him of my pur- 3 2 tullidge's histories. pose to return to Ogden with my family unless otherwise directed by him. After reflecting a few moments he replied, ' Yes, Brother Farr; I want you to go and tell those in the Provo bottoms and all from the north to go back as quick as they please, and if any of them question the authority say that my cattle are gathered up and that I am going to take a portion of my family and start for home this night.' President Kimball who was with him said it was the first he had heard of President Young's intention and he was overjoyed at the word to return home. This was at about five o'clock in the afternoon of the 1st of July. " I returned to the Weber County people and sent the word around to all I could that night. Some were so surprised that they questioned the message. I told them they could do as they pleased, that my cattle were gathered up and that I was going to start with my family in the morning. " On the 2nd of July I took a portion of my family in my carriage and started for Weber County having left orders to have every family notified to return home. I arrived at Ogden on the fourth of July, just two months to a day from the time we left, and found my crops in a flourishing condition, and my buildings and premises well taken care of. " The Weber County people who lefttheir homes expecting never to come back, commenced their homeward journey on the 3rd of July, most of them coming right away, while others came scatter- ing back at their leisure, not having put in crops, reaching home in the fall. Others never came back but remained in the south and settled in Utah County and Juab County, while quite a number of families who had become weak in the faith went to the Eastern States and California." KE-PBOPLING OF WBBEE, COUNTY. 33 CHAPTER VIII. Re-peopling_ of Weber County. Revival of its settlements. Great increase of population by the re-opening of emigration. Notes of events from J85S to 1888. 1859. During the fall and spring of 1858-9, Weber County was re-peopled. The general history of the Territory for the year past was common to the whole people, and is too voluminous for detail. Ogden was one of the first of the northern cities to revive. In February its regular election was held. Lorin Farr was re-elected mayor, and with him were elected four aldermen and nine coun- cilors. A great County improvement marked this year. In 1859, the Ogden Canyon road was built, at an immense labor and expense, considering the limited population. It cost about $50,000. It is about seven miles in length, and opens into another beautiful little valley (Ogden), which is now becoming thickly settled by a thriving community. This road shortens the distance between Ogden and Bear Lake Valley about fifty miles. The Ogden Tiiver, which runs through the canyon, sometimes, in the spring of the year, rises very high, in consequence of which the company who own the road have at various times sustained heavy losses by their bridges and much of the road being swept away by floods. This canyon opens into a number of smaller canyons and ravines, from which our citizens obtained wood for fuel when nearly every other resource seemed to be closed against them. A number of saw mills have been built at different points up this road, and a great quantity of good lumber has been got out each year, which has aided materially to build up our city, and to bring it to its present thriving condition. 1860. Nothing of special historical note appears in the record of the city this year. Ogden, and the county generally, were gradually growing and population increased. Emigration had again opened from Europe, which had been suspended by the so-called Utah War, and Weber County received its proportion of the emigra- tional infusion. 1861. This was the year for the regular municipal election, and it is worthy of note that Ogden and Weber County generally, from quite an early date, have presented more points of stirring interest 34 tullidgb'8 histories. than any other county in Utah. The municipal rule, however in 1861, still continued under the administration of Lonn Farr, who was again elected mayor, February 11. 1862. Richard Ballantyne organized a Sunday School, and appointed Robert McQuarrie superintendent. This year Lorin Farr built a new grist mill. 1863. This year Chauncey W. West was appointed, by the Presidency of the Church, presiding Bishop of the County. He retained his counselors, McGaw and Hammond. On the 25th of October, the several wards of the Church were re-organized and designated districts. David M. Stuart was appointed president of the First District, L. J. Herrick of the Second, and William Hill of the Third; each appointed two coun- selors, constituting the presidency over the districts. Before 1863 there was no regular commerce in Ogden. Several little stores were started in Ogden in 1861, but it was between the years 1863-6 that the foundation of Ogden 's commerce was princi- pally laid. (See commercial chapter.) - 1866. Chauncey W. West & Co. built a large rock grist mill one and one-half miles north of the city. 1869. On the 3rd of March, 1869, the first locomotive steamed into Ogden. (See chapter on railroads.) In the Legislature of 1868-9, Franklin D. Richards was elected Probate Judge of Weber County, by vote of the Assembly in joint session. Previous to this date, the Probate Judge of that county was Aaron F. Farr, one of the veteran band of Mormon pioneers and elder brother of Lorin Farr. In March, 1869, Franklin D. Richards removed from Salt Lake City to Ogden, his family followed in May. F. S. Richards was appointed clerk of probate court and in the August following F. S. Richards was elected county recorder, Walter Thomson hav- ing resigned the position. The first number of the D3,ily Telegraph was published the morning after the laying of the last rail on the Promontory, and it contained a full account of the proceedings. Early in May, 1869, Stenhouse shipped presses and type by wagon. T. G-. Odell, a printer of first-class repute who had worked on the London Times, was engaged as foreman, and he arranged the type and fixed up things, preparing for the arrival of the managers. The building in which the Telegraph was published, was the old Seventies' Hall. The Telegraph ran for several months, and then returned to Salt THE JUNCTION CITY. 35 Lake City. Meantime, Jacques was sent to England on a mission to publish the Millennial Star, and Colonel T. C Webber was called into Z. C. M. I. Thus ended the history proper of the Daily Telegraph as well in Salt Lake City as in Ogden. 1870. With the opening . of the year 1870 the historical record of Ogden becomes better defined and quite sufficient in its collation of events, but previous to that date there is nothing compiled beyond the barest historical notes. This year the Ogden Junction was founded under the auspices of Apostle F. D. Richards and a joint stock company, consisting of the leading men of Ogden City. A few brethren clubbed together a hundred dollars each. Afterwards a company was formed and incorporated. F. D. Richards was its first editor. It began existence on Saturday morning, January Ist, 1870, as a semi-weekly, publishing days were every Wednesday and Saturday. (See chapter on the press.) In his salutatory the editor said, "In our opinion the time has come when the best interests of all concerned require the publication of a paper in Ogden, not particu- larly a religious, political or scientific paper, but such a one as shall ■ best serve the interests of our City, County and Territory, to give the latest news, to advertise business, and to represent ourselves instead of being represented by others. * * * While our town has become the junction for railroads, it is no less a junction for public sentiment." In an article on "Our Home Line," the editor notes: "The' life, bustle and animation which pervade the junction of the three railroad lines, are evidences of how rapidly Ogden has grown in a short time, and tell of a prosperous and prominent future." On Monday, 10th of January, the last rail of the Utah Central was laid, and the last spike driven by President Brigham Young at the terminus. Salt Lake City, and the people of the two chief cities of Utah rejoiced together. Ogden was well represented on this auspicious occasion. Bishop Chauncey Walker West died at 6 a. m., on the 9th of January, 1870, at San Francisco, aged 43. His remains were brought home to Ogden where a grand funeral was given to him •on Sunday, January 16th. The chief men from various parts of the Territory took part in the service, the officers of the Nauvoo Legion and of the Weber County and Box Elder County militia all wearing their uniform, the deceased having held the rank of Brig- adier-General of militia, as well as that of Bishop of the county. In February, Lester J. Herrick was appointed, by the Presi- dency of the Church, to succeed the late Chauncey W. West in the JBishopric of Weber County, with Walter Thomson and David M. Stuart as his counselors. A grand ladies' mass meeting was held in the Tabernacle, Ogden City, March 17th, 1870, to protest against the Cullom Bill. Mrs. Mary West presided over the meeting. Stirring addresses 36 tullidge's histories. were delivered by the leading ladies, and formal resolutions passed: "Resolved, That we, the ladies of Ogden City, in mass meeting assembled, do earnestly protest against the passage of the bill, now before Congress, known as the Cullom Bill." The entire document was both unique and brave. Similar mass meetings were held in various parts of Weber County. April 7th, a mass meeting of the citizens generally was held in the Tabernacle to express "the feelings of the community with regard to the Cullom Bill. April 16th, Walker Brothers, from Salt Lake City, opened a large merchandise establishment. On the 23rd of April, Editor Kichards associated with him Charles W. Penrose in the editorial department of the Juriction. In May, several trains conveying excursion parties came up from Salt Lake City. On the 28th, the Boston Board of Trade excursion party arrived in the first through train from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In this month Zion's Co-operative Institution rented Mr. William Jennings' new buildings, where it opened business several weeks later with D. H. Peery, Superintendent. Hussey, Dahler & Co. opened the first banking house in Ogden, in this month, in Z. C. M. I. building. In the beginning of June Woodmansee converted the buildings formerly occupied by the Overland Mail Co., for stables, into a theatre — a commodious building. Up to this time theatrical per- formances had been given in different halls. On the morning of the 12th of June, Lady Franklin, widow of the famous explorer Sir John Franklin, accompanied by her niece,. Miss Crawford, and an attendant, arrived in Ogden from the west. After spending the day in Ogden, visiting the canyon and other placts of interest, they left for Salt Lake City by the Utah Central. During the month of July chicken pox and small pox appear- ing, Mayor Farr declared Ogden City under quarantine regulations, by order of the city council. August 1st, the Weber County general election came off, giving a vote for member of Congress, William H. Hooper, 1,244; George R. Maxwell, 126; representatives to the Utah Legislature, F. D. Richards and Lorin Farr. [n December an ordinance was passed by the city council divid- ing Ogden City into wards. It bears date December 19th, 1870; Lester J. Herrick, chairman; Thomas G. Odell, city recorder. 1871. Ogden City municipal election of this year, held Monday, February 13th, gave a new city council. Lorin Farr, founder of Ogden, who had been mayor of the city for twenty years, retired, and Lester J. Herrick was elected in his place. In September, 1871, a mass meeting was held in Ogden relative REPRESENTATIVES OF WEBER COUNTY. 37 to the building of the Utah JSTorthern. The meeting was not very large, but was animated, earnest and enthusiastic. During this year there was considerable interest and excitement in Ogden over the subject of raining, and several mining companies were organized. The "controversy" over the "tin mines of Ogden" at one time was quite animated, the citizens were all alive with the prospects, but the tin mines failed to appear. 1872. In February an election was held to send delegates to the State Constitutional Convention, which met this year in Salt Lake City and made a splendid record. Weber County sent as delegates, F. D. Richards, Lorin Farr, L. J. Herrick, G. S. Erb, F. A. Hammond, Henry Eudey, (jrilbert Belnap and C. VV. Penrose. In March a State election was held. People's ticket: for repre- sentative in Congress, Frank Fuller; for State Senator from "Weber and Box Elder Counties, Lorenzo Snow ; for representatives from "Weber County, Franklin D. Richards, Lorin Farr. In August a general election for the Territory was held in the county : George Q. Cannon, delegate to Congress ; F. D. Richards and Lorin_Farr, representatives from Weber County to the Utah Legislature. 1873. Lester J. Herrick was again elected mayor of Ogden. At the April general conference of the Church, Lester J. Her- rick, mayor of Ogden, was called on a mission to England. On the morning of the 18th of June, Thomas George OdeR, city recorder and, from the beginning, foreman of the Ogden Junc- tion printing office, expired suddenly of apoplexy. The paper was put in mourning for him. James Taylor became city recorder. On the morning of the 9th of August, a great fire occurred in Ogden on the Main Street, and ten stores were totally destroyed. The fire broke out about three o'clock in the morning. The Junction, in the evening, said: "All along the street store- keepers, assisted by the crowd, were packing their goods into the road; merchandise of all kinds was thrown out of Z. C. M. I., while the flames shot upward and the breeze carried the embers northward a distance of a quarter of a mile, and in some instances setting on fire stuff that was being removed in wagons. Suddenly the wind lulled, the fire-fighters redoubled their efforts, and about six o'clock were fortunately successful in obtaining the victory over the destroying element." The losses were heavy; that of Z. C. M. I. being the largest, which was the only house insured. 1874. The Ogden Iron Company may be given the opening notice of this year, in which it began its existence. 38 tullidgb's histories. The completion of the Utah JSTorthern to Franklin, connecting Weber and Cache Counties, was an early event of the year, over which the people of both counties congratulated themselves. The Fourth of July was well celebrated at Ogden this year in Farr's Grove; F. D. Eichards presided, Bishop L. J. Herrick was chaplain. The feature of the ceremonies was the oration of F. 8. Richards, Esq. In December, a fire brigade was organized by the chief, Joshua Williams. The fires during the past year had fairly waked the city up to this public need. 1875. In January, in the business of the city council, the committee on claims reported- that the Ogden Iron Manufacturing Company had complied with the terms of their contract with the city, so far as to be entitled to the sum of $2,500, part of the bonus per articles of agreement, and recommended the payment of the amount. The recommendation was adopted. The city council and leading citizens of Ogden gave a grand reception to Governor Axtell on his first visit to Ogden. On his arrival they escorted him to the Beardsley House, and at the earnest request of the people he consented to address them. The paper of welcome, prepared by the city council, was read by Councilor C. W. Penrose, after which the Governor made a very satisfactory speech. A general county election was held in August. In September, the Ogden Iron Manufacturing Company sus- pended their works for lack of means. On Sunday, October 3rd, President U. 8. Grant arrived in Ogden. He was met by Governor Emery and the committee appointed by the Federal officials and Salt Lake Gentiles, and by another party appointed by- the Salt Lake City council, consisting of Hon. George Q- Cannon, Aldermen Alexander Pyper and A. H. Raleigh, Ex-Governor Brigham Young, Hons. John Taylor, Brig- ham Young, Jr., Joseph F. Smith, John T. Caine, H. B. Clawson, several city officials and other gentlemen from Salt Lake, with a number of ladies. Oh the part of Ogden, the President of the United States was met and greeted by an immense crowd of citizens and the Ogden Brass Band, led by Captain Pugh. The municipal committee and representatives of the Ogden Junction, Deseret News and Salt Lake Herald were introduced to President Grant by Hon. George Q. Cannon. On his return from Salt Lake City, while the train was being shifted from the Central Pacific to the Union Pacific line. President Grant asked a number of questions concern- ing the country and its resources in the neighborhood of Ogden and appeared to be interested in the information imparted in reply! 1876. The Young Men's Literary Association of Ogden in the begin- PRESIDENT GRANT AND DOM PEDRO AT OGDEN. 39 ning of the year reported itself favorably; said it had been in exist- ence three winters, and instanced as the result of its work the improvement made in public speaking by the young men of Ogden. This society commenced its existence in 1873, under the auspices of Apostle F. D. Richards, Mayor Herrick, Joseph Stan- ford, J. A. West, F. S. Richards and other patrons of education for the young men, while the ladies' side of this educational move- ment was started by Mrs. Jane Richards and her aides. The object of the movement was the improvement in the culture of the young men and ladies. Lectures were delivered by F. S. Richards, C. W. Penrose, T. "Wallace, F. D. Richards, Joseph Stanford, Jane S. Richards, Harriet Brown, Sarah Herrick, Eliza R. Snow, Zina D. Young and others, besides several literary gentlemen and lawyers from Salt Lake City and the academies, among whom was Professor Karl G. Maeser. In April Dom Pedro, Emperor of Brazil, arrived in Ogden on his way home. The month of May commenced with a new directory of the Ogden Iron Manufacturing Company. The Utah directors were, Joseph R. Walker, C. W. Bennett, George M. Scott, Fred Zeimer, Charles Woodmansee and George T. Brown. The marked event of this year was the grand Centennial cele- bration, which, in behalf of Utah, was held at Ogden. From all directions thousands of visitors poured into the Junction City by special trains. Among those who came from Salt Lake City were Governor Emery and the orator of the day, C. W. Bennett, Esq. The societies and trades walked, illustrating their guilds and crafts, and Mormon and Gentile orators vied with each other to give a sonorous eloquence to celebrate the first century of our nation's birth. The city council, while anxious for the success of the Ogden Iron Works, refused to appropriate any more means, having already advanced $2,500 to the company. Small pox afflicted the city in October. Early in November the central committee of the People's Party of Weber County issued a circular to the electors of Weber County, urging them to duty at the coming general election. Ogden gave Cannon 454 votes; Baskin, 144; Weber County, for Cannon, 1,356; for Baskin, 200. 1877. At the beginning of this year the fearful scourge, the small pox, which had ravaged the city had subsided. Mayor Lester J. Herrick resighed and Lorin Farr was again elected mayor of Ogden City. On the 11th of June, Walter Thomson died of heart disease. He was for years one of Ogden's most prominent men. He had served as clerk of the county, and repeatedly as a councilor and alderman of the city, being elected to the council as early as 1861. 40 iullidge's histories. He was one of the founders of the Ogden Junction, and its business manager. In July another fire occurred, consuming a large portion of the business quarters of Main Street. The loss was about $17,000, sus- tained principally by Messrs. G-ale and Boyle. On the 29th of August, at one minute past four o'clock in the afternoon. President Brigham Young died. Ogden was immedi- ately put in mourning. Apostle F. D. Richards had gone to Salt Lake several days previous, to watch the expiring life of the great founder of Utah. 1878. On the 10th of January, an interesting history of the Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association of Weber County was addressed to G. F. Gibbs, corresponding secretary of the institu- tion, in which the writer, Apostle F. D. Richards, said: "I would now inform you that on Sunday, the 20th day of April, A. D. 1873, about a dozen young persons, men, met at my house, for the purpose of taking into consideration the importance ■of organizing our young men into a society for their mutual improvement. President George Q. Cannon met with us and an ■organization was determined upon. Sundry rules were adopted, meetings were held weekly and a light assessment, by mutual con- sent, conveniently bore the necessary expenses for the first season. "In order to more freely extend the benefits of the society, and induce accessions to its numbers, the constitution was modified and •only such rules adopted as appeared necessary to conduct meetings in an orderly manner, and its numbers were greatly increased, including several not more than ten years of age. With increase of numbers came increasing interest until our City Hall, the usual place of meeting, was regularly well filled on each Wednesday evening. "Feeling a deep interest in the success of this new movement I retained the presiding charge of the association, and have attended every meeting when able to be present. " I find the interest in these meetings has extended to all parts of the city, and to all the larger settlements of our country where societies are now organized, and a very marked improvement is noticed in the general inclinations, aims and deportment of our young people. While this was in progress Mrs. Jane S. Richards commenced to get the young ladies and girls together and to speak to them and they to speak to each other, with such success that Sister Eliza R. Snow and other distinguished ladies came from Salt Lake City, organized and held meetings from time to time, with them, which extended and intensified the interest, till the young men wrote Sister Snow, to permit them to meet with the young ladies and listen to an address from her. which she cheer- fully consented to, and had the City Hall crowded to its utmost capacity with attentive listeners. Y. M. M. I. A. OF AYEBER COUNTY. 41 " After the cessation of the small-pox in 1877, the meetings of the Associations were renewed, Mrs. Richards and myself keeping charge of them until after the organization of the Weber Stake of Zion, when on the 15th of June, 1877, the 'Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association' was more fully organized with a full set of ojBacers." The following were the officers: Joseph A. "West, President; David Kay, first counselor; Moroni Poulter, second counselor; Ephraim T. Myers, recording secretary; Robert P. Harris, corres- ponding secretary; Willard Farr, treasurer; William James, librarian. The society continued to hold its meetings regularly once a week, in the City Hall. It had engaged such prominent men as Hon. Thomas Fitch, Col. Akers, Judge Hagan, Apostle Orson Pratt, Hon. Moses Thatcher, Charles W. Penrose, Karl G. Maeser, David M. Stuart, William W. Burton, Joseph Stanford, Franklin S. Richards, Thomas H. Hadley and others to lecture to them on various interesting subjects. In the beginning of this year, Fourth Street assumed quite a business appearance. But a few months before this street contained only one or two business houses, had no plank sidewalks, and but little else to distinguish it from any other street of the city unfre- quented by business. It could now boast of some twelve or four- teen business establishments. The new post office, the bank of Harkness & Co., the McNutt store and the Opera House were among the principal of these buildings which gave Fourth Street this energetic start. Mr. L. B. Adams' new building soon followed. A Catholic fair was held in the interest of that society for edu- cational purposes. The title to the property known as " The Ogden House" passed into the hands of J. E. Dooley & Co., bankers of this city. "It is their purpose," said the Junction, "to erect an elegant banking house on the corner and another tine mercantile house on the south. And so Ogden grows on every hand, our enterprising citizens being determined to make it the great business center of the Territor3^" In February the Ogden attorneys moved in the matter of obtaining one or more sessions per annum of the Third District Court for this city. In May the telephone system was well established, telephones connecting the offices and dwellings of most of the business men. The corner stone of the Catholic Convent school was laid, with due ceremonies, on Sunday evening, July 14th. The rhusical exer- cises were under the direction of Miss R. Devoto, of St. Mary's Academy, Salt Lake; the discourse was delivered by Father Scanlan. Fred Kiesel commenced building on Fourth Street, and Farr's storehouse was commenced about the same time. The city was greatly improving in its business portions. 4 42 TULLIDGE S HISTOEIES. The Junction of December 12th, published a report by L.F. Monch, superintendent of district schools of Weber County, which gives the following statistics for 1878: school population, 2,892, an increase of 16 per cent, over last year; enrollment 2,205, increase over last report 411, or 87 per cent, of school population enrolled. The amount paid to teachers was $7,731.05 (in 1878, |6,262.05). K'umber of days taught school, 156. ISTumber of teachers, 42 (35). This year, also, the fine Catholic School on the corner of Sixth and Main Streets, a large three-story building, was completed and occupied. On December 11th, the Junction agitated the question of a sys- tem of street railways. 1879. On January 15tli the Ogden Junction gave another instance of its progressive spirit by calling for the electric light — which call took over three years to be answered. In March the work of surveying the proper route for the sewer was commenced under the direction of Joseph A. West. The Junction, on April 20th, advocated the establishment of a high school or academy, a desideratum which was ultimately fulfilled in the erection of the Central School. In its issue of June 19th, the Junction advocated the establish- ment of water works, a subject which commenced to occupy public attention and arouse increasing private discussion among business men and the citizens generally. The month July records the erection of soap works, by Batch- elder & Co., in Ogden. At about 11:30 p. m., July 21st, a storehouse on Fifth Street, belonging to "W. G. Child, was burned down. In the evening of July 31st, the remains of the late Joseph Standing, a Mormon missionary murdered by a mob in Georgia, July 2l8t, arrived in Ogden, where they were paid a fitting tribute ■of respect by large numbers of his mourning co-religionists. The Fourth "Ward Brass Band, Prof. John Fowler leader, was organized August 12th. The city council, in its session of August 8th, took the question of the establishment of water works vigorously in hand, thus laying the corner stone to that great public improvement which has since developed into so beneficial and popular a system. At 10 o'clock a. m., August 28th, the solemn ceremonies of laying the corner stone of the new Central School-house were held. Hon. F. D.. Richards, assisted by the trustees and Superintendent L. F. Monch, laid the corner stone and afterwards offered the dedica- tory prayer, after which suitable addresses were made on the sub- ject of education in general and its progress and development in Ogden. October 30th, General Grant and wife passed through Ogden ; Governor Emery delivered an address of welcome. PRESIDENT R. B. HAYES IN OGDEN. 43 1880. January 29th, a joint committee of the county and city canals located the spot for the new bridge across the "Weber, west of the depot. February 3rd, Thomas Heninger was arrested on an indictment for bigamy found by the grand jury of the Third District Court, November, 1879. He was taken to Salt Lake City, next morning, and was accompanied by Richards & Williams, his counsel. February 19th, Dr. McKenzie started the temperance move- ment in Ogden by an address in the Union Opera House. A reform club was founded, which fell to pieces after a few months duration, the temperance cause, so-called, being subsequently resus- citated by the establishment of a Good Templar lodge. February 20th, the bill attaching the northern counties to the Second District and making Ogden the seat of the new First Dis- trict with two terms a year, became a law. February 29th, Governor Murray meets with a formal reception. March 22nd, the ground was cleared for the new building of Z. C. M. I. April 3rd, a gold watch and chain were presented to Ex-Gov- ernor Emery as a testimonial of the respect of citizens of Ogden, regardless of party. The pleasant aifair came off in the Court House. September 5th, President R. B. Hayes and party arrived in Ogden, from the east. September 26th, the dedication of the Central school-house took place. November 12th, the city council passed a resolution that "the Brush electric light be adopted on the conditions proposed by Mr. Ruthrauff. The official number of registered voters in "Weber County this year was 2,779 (1,473 males and 1,306 females). Ogden has 1,168 (602 males, 566 females). 1881. February 16th witnessed the last issue of the Ogden Junction after a little more than eleven years' existence. On the 11th of May the Ogden Electric Light Company was incorporated, with David F. "Walker, president ; James Horrocks, vice-president; G. S. Erb, secretary; H. Schwabe, assistant secretary. On the 19th, the city became a party to the Ogden "Water Com- pany, taking the controlling interest in the stock. The company at once set to work to develop the system, which was successfully operated, and the main line, from about one and a half miles up the Ogden Canyon to the reservoir on Fourth Street, was completed by December, and distributing pipes had been laid along the principal streets of the city. The same day witnessed the first lighting of the electric light 44 TULLIDGE S HISTORIES. tower; bands were out and the streets were crowded with people. The experiment was only partially successful. June 20th, many of the stores were lit up by the electric light for the first time. June 2l8t, there was an old folks' excursion from Salt Lake City. Presidents Taylor, Cannon and ■Woodr^utf participated ; also Bishop Hunter and other veterans. About five thousand people gathered at Farr's Grove. The recreation was accompanied with singing, feasting, dancing and speeches. It was the finest affair of the kind ever held in the Territory. On the 2nd of July, appeared the following PROCLAMATION : Whereas, a great calamity has befallen the Nation, its Chief Magistrate, Pres- ident Garfield, having been wounded (supposed to be mortally) and prostrated by the bullet of the assassin ; and Whereas, the citizens of Ogden City had previously arranged for a celebration of Independence Day. Be it known that I, Lester J. Herrick, by virtue of my office as Mayor of Ogden City, do advise the citizens of said city to refrain from all festivities on the Fourth of July, 1881, the 105th anniversary of the Independence of the United States, from deference and respect to the President ; that all places of business be closed on that day, and the proprietors of all places wherein intoxicating liquors are sold are hereby forbidden to open the same on the fourth day of July, 18K1. L. J. Herrick, Mayor of Ogden City, July 2nd, A. D. 1881, Utah Territory, U. S. A. A circular was also sent to Mayor Herrick, signed by Presi- dents John Taylor, George Q. Cannon and Joseph F. Smith, rec- ommending the suspension of the celebration throughout the Terri- tory, expressive of the national mourning. At a later date the central committee of Ogden gave notice of a meeting for the purpose of returning all moneys which had been subscribed for the celebration of the Fourth. It was finally, however, concluded by the various committees and the citizens of Ogden generally to hold a grand celebration of the Fourth and Twenty-fourth of July combined. The celebration came off in Lester Park on the 24th, and the Ogden Herald headed its very elaborate description of the scene and the occasion " A Glorious Gala Day in Ogden History." 1882. In this year Ogden put on quite a new appearance. Architect- urally, in some of its features, it rivaled Salt Lake City. The Broom Hotel rose on the corner where there has been so long a row of little shops which gave an insignificant appearance to the busmess part of the city, but where stands now the finest hotel between Omaha and San Francisco. A number of other buildino-s OGDBN CITY INCORPORATED. 45 of grand pretemions were erected on Main and Fifth Streets. During the spring and summer the busy workmen gave life and bustle to these streets, and Ogden in a year seemed to advance a decade. 1883. At the election of February 1883, in consequence of the pass- age of the Edmunds bill. Mayor Herrick and nearly all of his muni- cipal compeers were retired and a new council, purely monogamic, was elected by the People's Party, with David H. Peery, Mayor. 1884. There was a vigorous administration during this and the pre- ceding year, many improvements were made by the City Fathers and a general growth of the city into commercial importance. Similar was the case in the subsequent years, under the administration of Mayor Eccles and his council composed of first class business men. 1887. In April the Ogden Chamber of Commerce was organized. 1888. ■ This year the new City Hall was built and the Union Depot advanced. Thus has Ogden grown from the old Groodyear Fort to a first class railroad and commercial city. CHAPTEK IX. Municipal Notes. Table of Elections. Ogden City was incorporated on the sixth of February 1851, by the provisional government of the State of Deseret. Like that of Salt Lake City its city council was brought into existence by the same provision as that established in the charter of Salt Lake City, approved January 9th, 1851, which reads': Sec. 47. The Mayor, Aldermen and Councilors of said city shall, in the first instance, be appointed by the governor and State of Deseret; and shall hold office until superceded by the -first election. Pursuant to the provision of its charter the first election of the City of Ogden was held on the first Monday of April 1851, which gave the following return as the original council : 46 TULLIDGE S HISTORIES. THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. Mayor, Lorin Farr; Aldermen: Charles R. Dana, Francillo Durfee, James G. Browning, D. B. Dille; Councilors, James Lake, James Brown, Levi Murdock, Bryant W. Nowlan, Cyrus C. Can- field, Joseph Grover, Samuel Stickney, George W. Pitkins, John Shaw, Sen. And the following city ofBcers were appointed by the council: Recorder, David Moore; Assessor and Collector, D. B. Dille; Treasurer, Isaac Clark; Marshal, B. W. N"owlan. In 1853, with one exception, the same persons were again elected and appointed to similar positions in the city government. The following is taken from the minutes of the city council held March 17th, 1855. "According to a special session called by the mayor, the coun- cil met at Ogden City, in the school-house, at one o'clock, p. m. Absent of the old members : Thomas Dunn, E. Bingham. Prayer by Moses Clawson. Minutes of previous council were then read and accepted. The clerk being absent it was moved and carried that William Critchlow act as clerk pro tem. " The following Aldermen then took and subscribed the oath of ofiice: James G. Browning, Abraham Palmer, Henry Standage, Cran- dal Dunn. Also Lorin Farr was sworn into the office of Mayor by William Critchlow, Justice of the Peace. The following councilors were then sworn by the mayor: " Ithemar Sprague, G. Merrill, B. F. Cummings, Moses Claw- son, G. W. Brimhall, R. E. Baird, L. D. Wilson. No reports ot committees nor petitions were presented." At this meeting an ordinance was passed "authorizing the assessment of a poll-tax on every able-bodied person in Ogden City, for the year 1855." David Moore was appointed superintendent ot the building of the wall around the city. At the next meeting held March 24th, William Critchlow was appointed clerk of the council, vice, David Moore, resigned. April 2l8t, James G. Browning was appointed city treasurer. Previous to this date a fine of $1.00 was imposed on each member who absented himself from the council meeting without giving a satisfactory reason therefor. But on this date the "fine ordinance" was repealed. On May 5th, Richard D. Sprague was appointed city marshal. On July 14th, 1855, an ordinance was passed creating estray pounds and pound keepers. On May 19th, an ordinance was passed regulating the size that adobies should be made. On August 11th, 1855, an ordinance was passed "incorporating the Ogden City Canal Company." On October 13th, 1855, Mayor Lorin Farr introduced "an ordi- nance regulating common schools," which was passed by the coun- cil. THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 47 On December 29t]i, an ordinance was passed authorizing the organization of the police force in Ogden (R. D. Sprague had pre- viously been appointed captain of the police, on November 10th). December 29th, 1855, "a Resolution was introduced into the council by Jonathan Browning, requesting Joel Ferrell to suspend his operations of distilling spirituous liquors until further instruc- tions by the council, as all the wheat in this part of the county will be needed to sustain the population with bread this season." April 6th, 1857. An election was held at which the following persons were elected : Mayor, Lorin Farr; Aldermen, James Brown, Edward Bun- ker, Erastus Bingham, Jr., Thomas Dunn; Councilors, Abraham Palmer, Chauncey "W. West, Gilmon Merrill, Aaron F. Farr, Isaac ]Sr. Goodale, Robert E. Baird, G. W. Brimhall, M. D. Merrick, Edward Farley. June 27th, 1857, William G-. Paine was appointed city marshal. 1859. On the 14th of February, the following were elected to serve in the city council for two years : Mayor, Lorin Farr; Aldermen, James Brown, Charles R. Dana, Chauncey W. West, Thomas Dunn ; Councilors, Abraham Palmer, I. N. Goodale, Gilmon Merrill, G. W. Brimhall, Erastus Bingham, Jr., Edward Bunker, Jonathan Browning, Edward Far- ley, Lorenzo Clark. " They were nominated and then elected by acclammation with- out one dissenting vote, all being done at one meeting. " After which, I, William Critchlow, Recorder in and for the city of Ogden, declared to the public assembled, that the above named persons had been duly elected for a city council, in and for the city of Ogden, the day and date first above written. "William Critchlow, " City Recorder." Following is the form of oath that was administered to the newly elected ofiicers: " Territory of Utah, '^ " County of Weber, > " Ogden City, j " Personally came before me, an acting clerk in and for the city of Ogden, James Brown, who upon his solemn oath says he will well and truly perform the duties of Alderman, in and for the city of Ogden, according to the best of his skill and ability. " Subscribed and sworn to this 15th day of February, A. D., 1859, before me, William Critchlow, City Recorder, "James Brown." May 14th, James McGaw was appointed city marshal. 48 tullidge's histories. 1861. February 11th, an election was held in Ogden City with the following results : . Mayor, Lorin Farr; Aldermen, Jonathan Browning, I. JN. Goodale, Francis A. Brown; Councilors, James Brown, "Walter Thomson, Nathaniel Leavitt, Lester J. Herrick, C. W. West. William Critchlow, Recorder, 1 oi^ted. James McGaw, Marshal, J ^^ 1863. Election held February 1st. Mayor, Lorin Farr; Aldermen, Francis A. Brown, Richard Ballantyne, David Nelson; Councilors, I. IST. Goodale, Lester J. Herrick, Walter Thomson, Francis A. Hammond, Miles M. Jones. Wm. Critchlow, Recorder. 1865. Election held February 13th. Mayor, Lorin Farr; Aldermen, Francis A. Brown, Lester J. Herrick, Israel Canfield; Councilors, Chauncey W. West, L N. Goodale, Walter Thomson, M. H. Jones, David M. Stuart. Wm. Critchlow, Recorder, William N. Fife, Marshal. 1867. Election held February 11th. Mayor, Lorin Farr; Aldermen, Lester J. Herrick, Israel Can- field, Joseph Parry; Councilors, C. W. West, I. IST. Goodale, D. M. Stuart, Walter Thomson, Jonathan Browning. 1869. Election held February 8th. Mayor, Lorin Farr; Aldermen, F. A. Brown, Lester J. Herrick, Joseph Parry; Councilors, C. W. West, James McGaw, Walter Thomson, Josiah Leavitt, Wm. W. Burton. June 6th, 1870, Alderman Parry resigned, and Andrew J. Shupe was appointed to fill the vacancy. Same year C. W. West died, and Israel Canfield was appointed to fill the vacancy in the council. 1871. Election held February 13th. Mayor, Lester J. Herrick; Aldermen, F. A. Brown, W. Thom- son, Wm. W. Burton ; Councilors, Israel Canfield, David Moore, Winslow Farr, Charles W. Penrose, Horatio B. Scoville. 1873. Election held February 10th. Mayor, Lester J. Herrick; Aldermen, F. A. Brown, Walter Thomson, David Moore; Councilors, Israel Canfield, Chas. W. Penrose, Winslow Farr, D. M. Stuart, Joseph Parry. THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 49 June 21st, 1873, James Taylor was appointed City Eecorder, vice, Thomas Gr. Odell, deceased. 1875. Election held February 8th. Mayor, Lester J. Herrick; Aldermen, F. A. Brown, Walter Thomson, David Moore; Councilors, C. W. Penrose, D. M. Stuart, Israel Canfield, Joseph Stanford, Joseph Parry; James Taylor, Recorder. 1877. Election held February 12th. Mayor, Lorin Farr; Aldermen, F. A. Brown, Walter Thom- son, John Reeve, J). M. Stuart; Councilors, C. W. Penrose, Robert McQuarrie, Joseph Parry, Job Pingree, Barnard White. June 11th, 1877, Alderman Walter Thomson died; and Israel Canfield was appointed to succeed him in the council. 1879. Election held February 10th. Mayor, Lester J. Herrick; Aldermen, C. F. Middleton, Joseph Stanford, William B. Hutchins, D. M. Stuart; Councilors, Robt. S. Watson, Israel Canfield, W. W. Burton, Edwin Stratford, Robert McQuarrie. March 5th, 1880, R. S. Watson resigned. Richard Ballantyne was appointed to succeed him. 1881. Election held Feb. 14th. Mayor, Lester J. Herrick; Aldermen, D. M. Stuart, C. F. Middleton, Joseph Stanford, Wm. B. Hutchins; Councilors, E". C. Flygare, Job Pingree, Winslow Farr, Wm. W. Burton, S. H. Hig- ginbotham. On March 15th, 1882, D. M. Stuart, C. F. Middleton, N. C. Flygare, Job Pingree Winslow Farr and Wm. W. Burton, being disqualified by the Edmunds law any longer to serve, resigned, and the following persons were appointed to fill the vacancies : Edwin Stratford, Robert McQuarrie, Wm. H. Wright, Thomas Doxey, Joseph Farr, Joseph F. Johnson. April 2l8t, 1882, Wm. H. Wright resigned and Thomas D. Dee was appointed to succeed him. 1883. Election held February 12th. Mayor, David H. Peery ; Aldermen, Edwin Stratford, IST. Tan- ner, Jr., Joseph Farr, F. A. Miller; Councilors, Samuel Horrocks, John Pincock, Richard J. Taylor, Alfred Folker, John A. Boyle; Recorder, Thomas J. Stevens; Marshal, Thomas H. Ballantyne. 1885. Election held Feb. 9th. Mayor, David H. Peery; Aldermen, Angus T. Wright, Robert 50 tullidgb's histories. McQuarrie, David Eccles, Thomas D. Dee; Councilors, Wm. Driver, John Piucock, Ben E. Rich, Alfred Folker, John A. Boyle; Eecorder, T. J. Stevens; Marshal, Thos. H. Ballantyne. 1887. Election held Feb. 14th. Mayor, David Eccles; Aldermen, August T. Wright, Joseph A. West, John Reeve, Thomas D. Dee; Councilors, John A. Boyle, Joseph Clark, Charles C. Brown, George Smuin, Joseph Jackson ; Recorder, Thomas J. Stevens; Marshal, Thomas H. Ballantyne. LYNNE. 1849. Lynne, a small settlement about two and one-half miles north of Ogden, in early times more generally known as Bingham Fort, was first settled in 1849 by Captain James Brown, Esith Rice, George and Frederick Barker, Charles Burke and others. 1850. Erastus Bingham, S. Perry, Charles A. Dana, I. ]^. Goodale, Charles Hubbard and others located in the settlement. In Decem- ber, E. Bingham was ordained bishop, Stephen Perry and Charles Hubbard his counselors. 1851. In order to irrigate the land designed to be brought under cul- tivation, water was brought out from Mill Creek by a small ditch cut under the direction of I. N. Goodale. 1852. A school house was built under the supervision of the trustees, I. N. Goodale and Henry Gibson. The main water sect was made by the people under the direction of I. IST. Goodale, from Mill Creek. Other families located in the settlement. 1853. The settlers commenced to build a fort wall as a protection against Indians, who were very numerous and disposed to be trou- blesome and hostile. 1854. William B. Hutchins and family, and several other families from Salt Lake City, located in the settlement in the fall. Crops were almost entirely destroyed by grasshoppers, scarcely sufficient being saved for the people to subsist upon until another harvest. A mild winter materially favored their destitute situation. 1855. In the spring, work was resumed on the fort wall under the supervision of I. JST. Goodale. It was designed to build it 120x60 PLAIN CITY. 51 rods, six feet thick and twelve feet his^h, but it was never entirely finished £)r the reasoQ that in the fall of this year Presidents Young, Kimball, and others, on a visit to the settlement, counseled the people to break up and move to Ogden, as Lynne was not con- sidered a fit or suitable place to build a large city. The greater portion of the people responded to the advice and moved to Ogden. The few families remaining were placed in charge of Elder Thomas Richardson, of Slaterville, R. E. Baird, William B. Hutchins and John Laird acting as presiding teachers. PLAIN CITY. Towards the latter part of March, 1859. a number of families settled on a tract of land west of Slaterville and north of Weber river; prominent among this number were Messrs. J. Spiers, J. 8. Skeen and J). Collett, from Lehi, and John Carver, from Kaysville, and a few from Salt Lake City. The snow at this time laid deep upon the ground, and everything looked forbidding and wore a gloomy aspect, but a determination was formed by the sturdy set- tlers, to hold their ground until winter disappeared. They were gratified after a month's sojourn to see the snow disappear under the softening rays of the sun. A townsite was laid off in blocks twenty-six rods square, and each block in four lots of one acre and nine rods each. A large field was also surveyed and fenced in — a joint enclosure. In the month of May, 1859, President Lorin Farr and Bishop C. W. West visited the settlers, organized a branch of the Church, appointed Elders William W. Raymond, president; Daniel Collett and Jeppa G. Folkman, his counselors; J. Spiers, secretary; and designated the settlement — Plain City — a very appropriate name, for at this period the sage prairies and the distant mountains with a glimpse of the lake, formed the landscape. Plain City ranks among the first settlements of Weber County for her fine orchards, in all about one hundred and ten acres, apples and peaches in large quantities and fine flavor, pears and plums ot all kinds. The favorite occupation is the cultivation of the straw- berry; there is about twenty acres of that luscious fruit, furnishing a larger revenue to the settlers than does their entire wheat crop, as they only aim to raise sufficient wheat for family consumption. The potato is also extensively cultivated, furnishing handsome returns. Some fifty car loads (each three hundred and fifty bushels) has been shipped direct to places outside the Territory the present season, at fifty cents a bushel. Present population about seven hundred, largely Scandinavian, and fully three-fourths of foreign birth. Soil, a sandy loam, but little irrigation needed; notwithstanding this fact about eleven 52 tullidgb's histokibs. miles of canals have been made, at a cost of one thousand dollars per mile. From the first settling of Plain City to the present time, about twenty thousand dollars have been expended on improve- ments of this character for irrigation purposes. HUJS'TSVILLE. 1860. The settlement derives its name from Captain Jefferson Hunt, who, with his sons, Charles Wood, and a few others, located in this section of country in 1860. The valley embraces about seventeen thousand acres of tillable and pasture land, is situated at an eleva- tion of 660 feet above Ogden, and is about twelve miles nearly due east of that city. Captain Hunt and sons arrived early enough in the fall to cut hay upon which to winter stock. They found the Indians very troublesome and disposed to steal stock, and plunder and harass the new settlers. 1861. As soon as the snow disappeared in the spring, crops were planted and a fair harvest gathered. Meetings were held in private houses. A branch of the Church was organized. Jefferson Hunt^ president; Thomas Bingham and C. D. Bronson^ counselors. " ■ 1862. Spring opened very late; heavy deposits of snow; high waters followed; as a natural consequence washing away a great portion of the canyon road, obstructing or preventing travel, the only means of egress and ingress to and from the settlements was going over the mountains. The settlement was laid off" in blocks, and a townsite surveyed. Joseph G-rover was elected justice ear the mouth of Silver Creek on the ■ west side of the Weber Eiver. It was named in honor of Wanship, an Indian chief Steven ISTixon first moved on the ground from Prove, the 9th of September, 1859. He was accompanied by his daughter, Margaret, and a young man by the name of Henry Roper. They built a log cabin and remained through most of the long and tedious winter without other company. In January, 1860, the United States mail came through there for the first time on its way to Salt Lake City via Parley's Park. Mr. ISTixon spent the winter of 1859-60 in cutting poles and timber for fencing and other improvements. In February, 1860, his son Thomas Mxon moved on the ground with his family, a wife and two children. One yoke of oxen was all the team the settlement had in the spring of 1860. With this they broke up six acres of land and raised a light crop. In the summer of 1560, the family of Father N"ixon moved to the place. In the autumn, Daniel PI. Wells came on Silver Creek, with three or four men, and started work on the wagon road now run- ning up this creek. He labored hard with this outfit three or four weeks. The road was not completed until near the end of the year 1861. Previous to this the mail coaches, which were run by Gilmer and Saulsbury had taken the place of the pony express and went into Parley's Park via Three Mile Canyon, at the mouth of which Rockport is located. The road up Silver Creek was an ROCKPORT. 127 easier grade and shortened the distance. In the autumn of 1860, the settlement was visited by Brigham Young and Heber C. Kim- ball. In the fall of 1861, about 300 Snake Indians camped near the settlement, for sometime, and heavily taxed the people for food, of which they had a very limited supply. In 1861, Aaron Daniels built a house and kept a mail station for Gilmer and Saulsbury, contractors. It is supposed the town was iirst accommodated with a post-office in 1864, with Stephen Nixon as postmaster. He was also the presiding elder of the place until the appointment of George G. Snyder as bishop in 1865. A school-house was built as early as 1867, in which Mr. M. D. Cook first officiated as teacher. In 1866, Henry S. Alexander and George G. Snyder opened a saloon which became an unpleasant institution in the little settle- ment. Snyder and Alexander built a gristjmill about 1867. A Co-operative Mercantile Institution was started in 1868, but has not been a success. It should be recorded that Mr. Mxon was the pioneer trader of the place, having commenced the sale of goods in a log cabin in 1864. The people of Rockport, and some scattering families consolidated here in the Indian troubles of 1866. A very creditable brick meeting-house 25 by 55 feet, is nearing completion. There is one district school and one New West Com- mission school in the settlement. There are also three stores, one grist mill and 180 inhabitants. There are 900 acres of land used for the various purposes of farming, which produced in 1887 8,000 bushels of grain, 900 tons of hay with a considerable quantity of potatoes, etc. E. R. Young, jun., was appointed bishop in the autumn of 1884, and is still the presiding genius of the place. ROCKPORT. In the summer of 1860, Henry Seamons, Edmund Hortin and his son John Hortin, crossed the plains from the Missouri River and arrived on the ground now occupied by the town of Rockport the 27th of August. Henry Reynolds had been on the ground several days before their arrival, and had commenced a log house. These men. put up the first houses. They were followed the same season by H. H. Williamson, John Ames, John Smith and H. 0. Young, with their families. The winter of 1860-61 was very severe and the settlers were poorly prepared for it. They had put up but little hay and had much difficulty to get their limited amount of stock through alive. Their co-operative Christmas dinner furnishes an excellent illustration of their condition. The men jointly purchased a piece of beef for which they agreed to pay in grain after the fol- lowing harvest. The mortgaging of their anticipated crop for a bit of fresh beef for the Christmas dinner of the colony, indicates a severe pressure of poverty. ISTo doubt keen appetites gave it an excellent relish. At first Henry Reynolds presided over the interests of the 128 fxULLIDfiE'S HISTORIES. infant settlement. Then for some time it was under the jurisdiction of Abraham Marchant, bishop of Peoa. The lands of the settlers were surveyed by Jesse W. Fox in 1861. A very good school-house was built of hewn logs in 1864, and it still does duty as school and meetinghouse. The'first three or four years the country was so dry that even the hay crop was light, and frosts, with short seasons, so stinted the wheat and potatoes that the first was scarcely fit for human food, and the latter was very small and inferior in quality. There has been a gradual developing of moisture in the soil until much of the land formerly plowed and irrigated has become too wet to cultivate, and now makes excellent meadow. In the early times the furniture for family use was rough hewn from Cottonwood and alder trees growing along the Weber. Prom these were improvised chairs, bedsteads and tables, and by a similar process, in some cabins puncheons took the place of dirt floors. The first lumber obtained was from Samuel Snyder's saw-mill in Parley's Park in 1864. For several years the settlers on the Weber were under the necessity of getting their fiour from Great Salt Lake valley. To oblige these struggling settlers the mills would exchange them good fiour for their inferior wheat at a reasonable discount. These trips to obtain fiour were often a source of much hardship. Late in the autumn, after the season's harvest was threshed, it was often necessary to take a load to mill that there might be bread in the house through the long severe winter. Fre- quently in returning the men were caught in the early snows of winter, when it was often a severe labor of two weeks to travel the thirty-six miles between points. There were times when they were obliged to leave sleds and loading until more favorable circum- stances. These were times of much suffering for the men who were out, and of anxiety for their families at home. The first grist- mill which helped the settlers out of this dilemma was built by Mr. Samuel P. Hoyt at Hoytsville, on the Weber between Coalville and Wanship. This settlement was first called "Three Mile" from a canyon near it, supposed to be about that distance through it, near which the town is located. At first the old emigration road ran up this canyon into Parley's Park. There was afterwards a better route up Silver Creek. For several years the place was called Enoch. On account of Indian difiiculties in 1856, the settlers were advised to consolidate with others at Wanship. They obtained permission to retain Enoch on the condition that they would build a fort for theif protection. The walls of this are substantially built of rock two feet thick and eight feet high. It still stands, a monument of the labors and energies of the people, and from the circumstances of building that rock fort, the place has since been called Rockport. There are now twenty- one families and 150 inhabitants. There are no organized religionists but Mormons, and they have but one place of worship. There are 600 acres of land used for farming purposes. The first post-oflice was established in 1870, and the PBOA AJUD KAMAS. 129 first post master was Henry Seamons, and he has since held the ofiice continuously. When the Summit Stake was organized in 1877, John Malin was appointed bishop. PEOA. It is said that W. W. Phelps, m company with others, came on the ground several years before the place was permanently settled, drove his stakes, and laid claim to some land. He called the place Peoa, the Indian word for marry. This name was retained by the permanent settlers. In the spring of 1859, about the 10th of May, H. J. Barnhum, John Barnhum, Benjamin Miles, Henry Boyce, Orrin S. Lee, Jacob S. Truman, Austin Green, Daniel Rideout, W. Boyce, John C. E"eal, Wm. Millinner, John ITewman and Abraham Marchant came on the ground with some families. The most of these settlers put up houses of logs the same season. A school- house was built the following year, but previous to this, these pio- neers manifested their interest in the education of their children by starting a school before the house was built. The pioneer teach- ers were Maria Barnhum and Edmund Walker. During the Indian difficulties of 1866, the people here and at Kamas consolidated about one mile above Peoa and built houses in fort form, also good corrals, and herded their cattle during the day and guarded them nights, for one year, when they returned to their former residences. The first mail route ran through the place in 1870, with Abra- ham Marchant as postmaster. He was also the first ecclesiastical ruler and bishop of the place. He held this ofiice until his death on the 6th of October, 1881. The building of the Union Pacific Railroad furnished much labor for all these settlements along the Weber, and the people did much of the grading and furnished most of the ties for the Park City Railroad. In the township of Peoa there are about 3,000 acres of land under fence, for which there is abundance of water. In the season of 1887, the township produced over 24,000 bushels of small grain, 4,000 bushels of potatoes and 1,600 tons of hay. It contains 450 people. KAMAS. As this settlement is scattered over considerable ground, for the purpose of this history we will speak of the valley of Kamas, which extends from the Weber where it comes out of the mountains on the east of the valley, ten miles south to the Provo River, which is the southern limit of Summit County. This Kamas vtdley, may however, be considered the continuation of the valley of the Weber River. It is about five miles in width east and west. It nestles like a gem in the bosom of mountains that are romantically grand and beautiful. It is 1,600 feet higher than the city of Provo. Thomas Rhodes, the hunter was the pioneer of the valley. He 130 tdllidgb's histories. reported to Brigham Young that he had killed bears there and wished to settle in it. He was given the privilege of doing so on condition of getting others to go with him. About 26 men went with him, among whom were Wm. 0. Anderson, George Smith, Theodore Smith,"Robert and Sandy Watson, Alfred Fullmer, Peter McCue, George Brown, Horace Lamb, Charles Lambert, Wm. McClellan, George Brabbet and Horace Drake. They built a stockade near a spring one mile north of the town. This was accomplished in the spring of 1857. After the fort was built, on account of dissatisfaction among the Indians, the men returned to Salt Lake City. John Lambert, Samuel Turnbow, James Davis, Samuel Williams, and William and Charles Russell and others went into the valley in 1861, and found Mr. Rhodes with his family already there. For four years but little grain was produced for food and that was of poor quahty. In the winter of 1861-62, the only machinery for grinding this poor wheat was an old coifee mill. This, though kept running day and night could not supply the needs of the people, and some of the wheat had to be boiled to make it available for food. There was little to eat except the wheat, but doubtless the cold weather, good health and short diet gave a relish to this poor food. The first school-house was built on the north side of Bean Creek as early as 1863, in which Mrs. Betsy Ann Deluche taught the first school. Wm. Russell first directed the affairs of the valley as ecclesiastical president. As stated in the history of Peoa, Kamas joined that settlement in forting up in the spring of 1866. They returned to Kamas in the autumn and built a fort of hewn logs i20 rods square and 16 feet high. The old school-house was moved into the center of the fort to answer the double purpose of school and meeting house. The yards for animals were as usual in such cases arranged around the fort outside. The first postmaster of Kamas was George B. Leonard. Twice a city plat was surveyed and the location changed. The final survey was made in February, 1871, by A. F. Doremus, under the direction of Bishop S. F. Atwood, whose ward at that time included Kamas, Peoa, Rockport, Wanship and Parley's Park. A good frame school-house 24 by 40 feet, was erected in 1874. When the Summit Stake of Zion was organized, S. F. Atwood was installed^local bishop of Kamas. The good morals of the people are evidenced by the fact, that although there have been eflJ'orts made to establish the sale of spiritous liquors, those efibrts have not been sustained by the people sufficiently to be a success. The character of the country insures general good health to the people and the increase of population is rapid. The Co-opera- tive Mercantile Institution takes the lead in business. There are immense pine forests in the surrounding mountains, and the making of lumber is a leading industry. It mostly finds a market in Parle City. As with other settlements on the upper Weber, stock-raising was at first the principal source of profit to the people, but owing RAILROAD BUILDING. 131 to the favorable change in the seasons, farming is assuming consid- erable proportions. Some fruit has been grown and there is a pros- pect of partial success in this direction. The people of Kamas val- ley number about 1,000. The people of Summit County have had a large experience in the construction of railroads that have proved unsuccessful. Some of the leading Mormons, who took heavy contracts for grading on the Union Pacitic Railroad, were under the necessity of taking rail- road iron in part payment. This was used in the construction of the Utah Central road. At first it was believed that, when it was completed, there would be a surplus of iron sufiicient for five miles of road to connect Coalville with the Union Pacific at Echo. On this supposition the principal owners of the Utah Central agreed to iron and stock a road between these points if the people of Summit County would grade and tie it. With these considerations a company was organized in 1869, under the title of the Coalville and Echo Railroad Company. The line was immediately surveyed by Joseph A. West of Ogden, the work of grading was commenced, and contracts made for furnish- ing the ties. The road was graded and the ties got out, but when the Utah Central road was completed there was no iron left and the enterprise was a failure, with great loss to the people. For about one year after the completion of the Union Pacific Railway, its supplies of coal were hauled with teams from the Coal- ville mines. Also, about this time, one or two silver mines had been discovered and were being worked on a limited scale near the present location of Park City. With these conditions and pros- pects, the enterprise of constructing a railroad between the two points gave excellent promise of financial success. In 1872, Joseph A. Young and associates organized a company for the construction of a narrow-gauge road, to be called The Summit County Railroad. Within a year the road was completed from Echo to the coal mines in Spring Hollow, two miles northeast of Coalville, and the ship- ping of coal to Echo commenced. This second company arranged with the first one to use their grade and ties, and give the owners stock in the Summit County road in payment. It was expected that this road would be a feeder to the Union Pacific, and that the Union Pacific Company would so consider it, but when they opened their coal mines on their line east of Echo, they discriminated so heavily against the branch road in favor of their own coal, that they completely throttled and ruined it. It seems needless to add that the people of Summit County lost heavily. The bonds and stock in the road, belonging to Joseph A. Young fell into the hands of his father, Brigham Young, and these constituted a controlling interest. The Union Pacific Company otfered to purchase the interest of Brigham Young and the coal mines in Grass Creek Can- yon. Subsequently the proposal was accepted and the Union Pacific Company tore up the track and paid the people about thirty per cent, of their investment. 132 tullidge's histories. In the winter of 1881-82, a company was organized for building a narrow-guage road from the Weber coal mines via Park City to Salt Lake City, to bp called the Utah Eastern. The stock was largely subscribed by citizens of Summit County and Salt Lake City. The following spring contracts for furnishing ties and for grading were let, and the work of construction commenced. N"ear the close of the following year the road was completed from Coal- ville to Park City, and it commenced to supply the latter place with coal. About that time the Union Pacific commencedto build a branch line of wide guage road from Echo to Park City. Both roads Avere completed to the latter place. The Utah Eastern strug- gled on for a year or two, but the Union Pacific Company bought up the bonds and a controlling interest in the stock and closed it out. As usual the interests of the people who did the grading and the furnishing of the ties were disregarded. INDIAN DIFFICULTIES. The pioneers of Summit County were not without their share of Indian difiiculties. Situated on hunting grounds of warlike tribes, they often felt to share their scanty store of provisions with them for the sake of peace and amity. As early as the summer of 1865 these marauding bands began to kill and drive off cattle. Commencing their thieving again as the spring of 1866 opened, the leaders of the Saints, who exercised an energetic, fatherly care over the infant colonies of their people, issued a written circular to the people of Summit and Wasatch Counties, dated May 2nd, 1866, giving them wise counsel that if followed would insure the safety of their lives and property. The document is an excellent exposition of the wise defensive policy of Brigham Young. It is evident that if its details were diligently carried out it would efficiently protect the lives and prop- erty of settlers among Indian bands from any great sacrifices. The following excerpt sums up the legitimate results of the policy if strictly adhered to. " Adopt such measures from this time forward that not another drop of your blood, or the blood of any belonging to you, shall be shed by the Indians, and keep your stock so securely that not another horse, mule, ox, cow, sheep or even calf shall fall into their hands, and the war will soon be stopped. We wish to impress this upon your minds: Put yourselves and your animals in such a condition that the Indians will be deprived of all opportunity of taking life and stealing stock, and you may rest assured that when they find you have vigorously entered upon this labor, and that they can gain no further advantage over you, they will soon cease their hostilities." Experience having taught the people that the counsels of their leaders, were the embodiment of wisdom, soon decided to act upon them. At or near the present location of the towns and villages INDIAN TROUBLES. 133 along the Weber, the people consolidated, organized into military companies and adopted strong defensive measures. Great changes were made in a comparatively short time. As ecclesiastical was the motive power in their sacrifices and excessive labors, the bishops and presiding elders of the various settlements were important fac- torsin making this early history. In August, 1866, Wash-a-kee, the great Shoshone chief, appeared on the Weber with his band. He had always been friendly. He told the people that if any of the Utes intruded on them he would compel them to go back to their own country. This threat appeared to make the Utes more cautious for a season. \ As the spring of 1867 opened raids were made on the stock of some of the settlements, and it became evident that the Indians were led by renegade white men. Captain Alma Eldredge of the Coalville cavalry visited them with an escort to feel of their temper in the interests of peace, but they were stubborn and hostile. Soon after this visit an attack was made on a saw-mill on Chalk Creek, fifteen miles from Coalville, in which two Indians were killed and two citizens slightly wounded. Ike Potter, a notorious renegade white man, was the principal leader of these Indians. His father lived in a dug-oat about three miles below Coalville on the Weber. A letter from Ike to his father was intercepted by John Y. Green, a United States mail carrier. It was dated the 17th of July, and stated that Ike was camped on Bear River with a large party of Indians, among whom was Black Hawk, and that they were coming into the settlements in a few days. This report, with other inci- dents, made the people along the Weber doubly diligent. About 4 o'clock p. m., on the 28th of July, news came into Coalville that Ike Potter, with fifteen white men and Indians, was camped at his father's below the town. A warrant for the arrest of himself and party was in the hands of J. C. Roundy, the county sheriff. His deputy, Mr. Hawkins, called on Captain A. Eldredge to assist him with a detachment of his company. In a very few minutes thirteen men were on the march with the deputy sherifl:'. The little force was so posted that the enemy were deceived as to their numbers, and the arrest was affected without bloodshed. About 9 o'clock in the morning of July 29th, some thirty warriors came into the town of Coalville and demanded the release of the prisoners. Soon comprehending that the citizeps were well prepared for defence, they became more moderate and reasonable in their demand, and finally promised to cease their depredations and be the friends of the whites. The Indians were released and the white men, seven in number, were retained for trial. In an attempt to escape. Potter and One of his companions were killed. The remaining five white men were released on habeas corpus by Judge Titus of the United States District Court. These events practically ended the Indian difficulties on the Weber, and the people began to resume the ordinary routine of life. There has been a general movement in Summit as well as Mor- 134 iullidge's histoeies. gan County to lease the railroad lands within its limits for grazing purposes, that the cattle interests of the citizens might be protected. For several years previous to this writing, sheep owners from various parts of the county have been herding their flocks in spring and summer in close proximity to the settlements on the Weber, and destroying the early grass so essential to the interests of the citizens. They have usually arrived too early in the spring to go back to the mountains at once, and when they did go a little later, have left nothing but the bare ground for the cattle and horses of the farmers. So great a drawback has this been that necessity has compelled the adoption of any legitimate means of defence. The citizens of Henneferville, on account of moving earlier in the matter, were fortunate in purchasing eighteen sections of lands belonging to the Union Pacific Railroad Company. The rest of the county was not so fortunate, as the company declined to sell, but were prepared to lease, and if the people would take all kinds of land they proposed to rent for $15 per section annually. Under these conditions the citizens of the county, living between Kamas and Henneferville, have rented 15-1: sections of railroad lands for the purpose of protecting their leading business of stock-raising. CHAPTER n. Organization, Civil and Political History of Summit County. The first legal recognition we find of Summit County is in an act of the Utah Legislature approved January 13th, 1854. The following definition of its boundaries is given in Section 3. " That all that section of country bounded north by Oregon, east by the west line of Green River County, south by a parallel forming the southern boundary of Great Salt Lake County, and west by a parallel line forming the eastern boundary of Weber County is, and the same shall hereafter be called. Summit County, and is attached to Great Salt Lake County for election, revenue and judicial purposes." It remained in this dependent position until the spring of 1861, when it was partly organized by Wm. P. Vance, who had been elected Probate Judge as provided by an act of the Legislature of the Territory of Utah approved September 9th, 1850. "On the 4th of March, 1861, at the settlement of Chalk Creek, he proceeded to organize the county by the appointment of A. B. Williams, Jacob M. Turner and Wm. Ilennefer, Selectmen; Charles E. Griffin, County Clerk, pro. tern. Wm. II. Kimball was the first Sheriff of the county. COUNTY ORGANIZATION. 135 In 1862 Thomas Rhodes succeeded Wm. P. Vance as Probate Judge, and A. B. Williams and H. B. McBride were Selectmen, and Wm. H. Smith became County Clerk. March 2nd, 1863, Joseph Stallings became Selectman. March 9th, 1863, Ira Eldredge assumed the duties of Probate Judge, with A. B. Williams, H. B. Wilde and Joseph Stallings, Selectmen. September 14th, 1863, Elias Asper qualified as Selectman and Thomas Gibbons December 7th of the same year. June 6th, 1864, the county court was organized with Ira Eldredge, Judge ; A. B. Williams, Eliaa Asper and Thomas Gib- bons, Selectmen; Wm. 11. Smith, County Clerk. September 12th, 1864, the county court stood as follows : Ira Eldredge, Probate Judge; Elias Asper, George G. Snyder and Jacob Hoffman, Selectmen. December 12th, 1864, Clarence Jack- son assumed the duties of County Clerk. June 24th, 1865, the coiinty court stood as follows: George G. Snyder, Judge of Probate; Elias Asper, Jacob Hoffman and Orrin S. Lee, Selectmen. By an act of the Legislature of the Territory of Utah, approved January 10th, 1866, the boundaries of the county were defined and the county seat located as follows : "All that portion of the terri- tory bounded south by Wasatch County, west by Great Salt Lake County, north by the summit of the range of mountains forming the upper canyon of East Canyon Creek, thence northerly along the summit of the range of mountains between said creek and Weber River, thence across said river to and along the summit of the high land between Plumbar or Lost and Echo Canyon Creeks, thence to, and along the summit next north of Yellow Creek to Bear River, thence easterly across said river to the summit of the divide between Bear River and the tributaries of Green river, and east by the summit of said range is hereby made and named Sum- mit County, with county seat at Wanship." Thus the county seat, the location of which appears for several years to have been at the option of the countj' court, was located by statute. It remained at Wanship until the above act was amended February 16th, 1872, by changing the county seat to Coalville. March 5th, 1866, Reddiu A. Allred assumed the duties of County Clerk. September 3rd, 1866, Martin H. Peck assumed the duties of Selectman and Ross R. Rogers September 2nd, 1867. At that time the county court stood as follows: George G. Suyder, Probate Judge; Orrin S. Lee, Elias Asper and Ross R. Rogers, Selectmen. March 2, 1868, Thomas Bullock succeeded Reddin A. Allred, as County Clerk. April 27th, 1868, Arza E. Hinckley succeeded George G. Snyder as Probate Judge. There were no changes in the personel of the county court until September 4th, 1871, when Ward E. Pack succeeded Orrin S. Lee as Selectman when the 136 tullidgb's histories. county court stood as follows : Arza E. Hinckley, Probate Judge ; Ross R. Rogers and Ward E. Pack and Elias Asper, Selectmen. Charles Richens, September 2nd, 1872, H. W. Brizee, Septem- ber 1, 1873, assumed the duties of Selectmen. June 1, 1874, Elias Asper succeeded A. E. Hinckley in the office of Probate Judge. October 28th, 1872, Robert Salmon succeeded Thomas Bullock as County Clerk. September 7th, 1874, James Woolstenhulm suc- ceeded Ward E. Pack as Selectman when the county court stood as follows; Elias Asper, Judge of Probate and Charles Richens, H. W. Brizee, James Woolstenhulm, Selectmen. September 4th, 1876, Jared C. Roundy succeeded Henry W. Brizee as Selectman. September 3rd, 1877, George G. Snyder succeeded James Woolstenhulm in the county office of Selectman, when the county court stood as follows : Elias Asper, Judge of Probate ; Charles Richens, Jared 0. Roundy and G. G. Snyder, Selectmen. Septem- ber 2nd, 1878, John Boyden succeeded Charles Richens as Select- man. September 1st, 1879, W. W. Cluff, and September 6th, 1880, Samuel P. Hoyt assumed the duties of Selectmen. Also at the last date Ward E. Pack succeeded Elias Asper as Probate Judge, when the county court was organized as follows : Ward E. Pack, Probate Judge; W. W. Clufi", Samuel P. Hoyt and Jared C. Roundy, Selectmen. September 6th, 1881, Charles Richens succeeded W. W. Cluff in the office of Selectman. April 24th, 1882, Ward E. Pack, Jr., succeeded Charles Richens as Selectman. June 5th- of the same year John Pack succeeded Ward E. Pack, Jr., as Selectman. October 22nd, 1883, Alma Eldredge succeeded Ward E. Pack as Probate Judge ; Edwin Kimball assumed the duties of Select- man, and Thomas Alston succeeded Robert Salmon as County Clerk. The county court stood as follows : Alma Eldredge, Judge of Probate; John Pack, Edwin Kimball, James C. Roundy, Selectmen. September 8th, 1885, P. W. Hoyt succeeded John Pack as Selectman, and December 5th, 1887, the county court was organ- ized as follows: Alma Eldredge, Judge of Probate; Edwin Kim- ball, E. W. Hoyt and George Moore, Selectmen. POLITICAL HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY. Eor some time after the founding of Park City the inhabitants sent their delegates to the county convention for the nomination of candidates for the annual August election. Arrangements were made to avoid an opposition ticket. About 1880, the Liberals separated from the People's Party, held their own conventions and voted their own ticket. They had two conventions in Coalville, the last, July 10, 1884, since which they have been held in Park City. In 1881, some prominent mem- COALVILLE. 137 bers of the People's Party conferred with leading men of the Liberal Party and proposed to them, in view of Park City being an important precinct in the county and composed almost exclusively of Liberal voters, that they name some suitable person of their party to be nominated in the people's convention for Selectman to represent that part of the county. At that time the Liberals did not exceed one-third of the total vote. The iirst year this proposition was made, owing to circum- stances not connected with any political bias, it failed. It was con- sidered by those who were approached on the subject, a very fair proposition from the majority party. The following year the elec- tion lapsed. The same proposition was again made in 1883 by the People's Party, which resulted in the nomination of Mr. Edwin Kimball. He proved an excellent choice, for he is a just and liberal man. While Mr. Kimball was elected by a full vote of the People's Party, he was somewhat traduced by some of the more narrow- minded of the Liberals. In 1886, the People's Party carried the election by 200 majority when Edwin Kimball was re-elected for his second term. He is still proving himself an honorable public servant. In 1885, the Liberal Party carried the election in the county by a small majority, which resulted in sending D. C. McLaughlin to the Legislature and in the election of H. F. Hoyt, Selectman from Park City. This equally divided the county court between the two political parties; the Judge and one Selectman of the People's Party, and two Selectmen of the Liberals. This make-up of the county court proved very satisfactory, for business was done in a very harmonious manner, without any development of party discord or animosities. In the election of 1887 the Liberal Party put in the third Selectman, sent their Representative to the Territorial Legislature, in fact, elected their full ticket by about 150 majority. The following is a list of the county's Representatives to the Territorial Legislature: Wm. P. Nonce, 1861-62; Ira Eldredge, 1862-63; H. W. Brizee, 1864-65; W. W. Ckiff" from 1865-66 to 1869-70, inclusive; Orrin 0. Lee, 1870-71; W. W. Cluff, 1871-72; S. F. Atwood, 1872-73; Ward E. Pack, 1873-74 and 1876; Samuel F. Atwood, 1878; Ward E. Pack, 1880; Samuel F. Atwood, 1882; John Boyden, 1884; D. C. McLaughlin, 1886 and 1888. W. W. Clufi' represented Tooele, Salt Lake and Summit Counties in 1872-73, and Summit, Morgan, Wasatch and XJintah in 1873-74, as Councilor. COALVILLE. Coalville, the county seat of Summit County, is in the valley of the Weber River, five miles above that noted place in the history of Utah, Echo Canyon. In altitude it is about 6,000 feet and it is 10 138 tullidgb's histokies. about 1,200 feet higher than Salt Lake City. It ib located some three-fourths of a mile east of the "Weber on a low bench formed by alluvial deposits from Chalk Creek Canyon. The Weber River sweeps around to the foot-hills on the west side of the valley leaving a rich alluvial bottom for agricultural purposes. This gradually rises into the low bench on which the town is situated. The banks of the river are heavily fringed with cottonwoods and willows which, with the adjoining fields, give pleasing variety to a landscape that would otherwise be monotonous. The moun- tains on either side of the river are rugged and broken. More majestic than pleasing, they afford in spots a 'scrubby growth of cedar, supplemented with white pine and balsam on the higher peaks in the distance. The mountains and foothills afford consid- erable facilities for stock-raising, which are utilized to their utmost capacity. The base line of the town survey is in keeping with the lay of the valley and intersects the meridian of the place at an angle of 23° 30'. The main street with its shade trees, neat public buildings and jjrivate residences is a pleasant avenue through the town. At the north end it crosses a substantial bridge over Chalk Creek from which it extends about a mile south in a direct line and then bends to the right. The town extends on the east a few blocks up Chalk Creek Canyon, and this makes its greatest width east and west. Chalk Creek is a rapid mountain stream with an average width of about forty feet and a depth of twelve inches. It runs along the north side of the town into the river. Trifling circumstances often produce important results. This was exemplified in the settlement of Coalville. The idea of set- tling on the Weber originated in the mind of Wm. H. Smith, one of the first pioneers, in the circumstance of seeing some matured wheat, while traveling the road between that stream and Ft. Bridger, grown from seed which had been dropped by accident. The cir- cumstance suggested to him that if wheat would mature on the spot where that was found it would mature on the Weber. Mr. Smith found two other men, Alanson Norton and Andrew Wil- liams who also desired the advantages of a new location. Mr. Williams had spent a winter at the mouth of Echo Canyon, and was well acquainted with the character of the country on and around the Weber. He also had faith that grain would grow in it. He and Mr. Smith left their homes in the Sugar House ward, in Great Salt Lake Valley, on the 22nd of April, 1859. There they were in the midst of budding, blooming spring. But they were aware as they crossed the mountains in their contemplated trip to the valley of the Weber, they must encounter snow which it would be practically impossible for animals to travel through. For this reason they packed their blankets and sufficient food for a, hurried trip, on their backs. In Parley's Park they found the snow about three feet deep, with a crust on the surface which broke through and greatly increased the difficulty of traveling. COAL DISCOVERIES. 139 They arrived on the ground where Coalville now stands, on the 26th._of April. Their nearest neighbors were at Samuel Snyder's mill in Parley's Park, twenty-five miles to the south-west, and some pioneer settlers about the same distance below them on the Weber. There was also a mail station at the mouth of Echo Canyon. In Weber Valley they found the ground bare, and hardy vegetation putting on the green verdure of spring. They remained about one day on the ground selected for a location, and returned home down the Weber. In a few days they returned with the addition to their numbers of three more efficient men, Henry B. Wilde, Thomas G. Franklin and Joseph Stallings. The new colony cultivated a field of four or five acres, the same ground being now occupied by a part of the town of Coalville, including the Stake house. Although the sowing and planting were not completed until the 8th of June, a fair crop of wheat and vegetables was raised. Almost simultaneous with the arrival of the first settlers the coal mines began to be developed. About a year previous to their arrival Mr. Thomas Rhodes while hunting, found on Chalk Creek, -about five miles from the Weber, the cropping out of a coal meas- ure, dug a specimen with his butcher knife, took it into Salt Lake City and reported the circumstance. This appears to have been the first coal discovered in northern Utah, which resulted in practi- cal good to the country. It led to the development of coal mines, the working of which subsequently built up the town of Coalville. Rhodes' discovery was followed up by Joel Lewis who joined the new settlement on the Weber at an early day. He dug out a little •of the coal and brought it to the camp. Joel Lewis and Henry B. Wilde were the first to discover coal on the Weber, Andrew Johnson, a miner, was associated with them, and did the first labor in opening the mine on ground now near the south end of the town of Coalville. This was in 1861 or '62. But the Rhodes' mine was the first in order of development, as well as discovery, for John Spriggs, who arrived in the settle- ment in May or June, 1859, opened the mine and worked it to some extent, but it was abandoned on account of the coal being of poor quality. In 1863, Andrew Johnson opened a coal bed about one and a quarter miles north-east of Chalk Creek, now Coalville. He after- wards sold one half interest in the mine to J. Allen, and finally Mr. Johnson sold out his interest to Howard Livingston of Salt Lake City. Andrew Johnson also performed the first labor in opening the coal bed in Spring Hollow, and sold out to Wm. H. Smith. In 1861 or '62, Daniel H. Wells, Bryant Stringham and Stephen Taylor first opened the mines in Grass Creek Canyon, about five miles north-east of the settlement on Chalk Creek. These mines -are now worked and are known as the "Old Church mines." In the year 1865 or '66, John Spriggs opened the coal measure underlying the town of Coalville, a little to the north-east of the opening made by Wilde, Lewis and Johnson. These are now 140 TULLIDGB S HISTORIES. koown as the Spriggs' mine. It is now owned by the heirs of Bate- man and Spriggs. The coal from this mine is the best in the county for domestic purposes, but has been abandoned on account of financial difficul- ties. The development of the coal beds under and around Coal- ville, has been much obstructed by the Union Pacific Railroad refusing to convey the coal to market on reasonable terms. At this writing the prospect is improving for the development of this exten- sive coal field. The only organization that has so far been able to combat somewhat successfully with the difficulties of the situation, is the Home Coal Company, formed by grouping together the mines of Spring Hollow owned by diflTerent individuals. It is made up of citizens of Utah, with R. C. Chambers, President, and F. A. Mitchell, Secretary. It supplies the Ontario mine and Park City with coal, and has been shipping some to Salt Lake City. The working of this mine has been a very important factor in building up the town of Coalville. Since the first settlement of this place unseasonable frosts have gradually become less frequent and severe, and agriculture, in con- nection with stock-raising, has assumed considerable importance. From the first organization of Summit County, in 1862, with the exception of a short period, Chalk Creek and after the change of name, Coalville, has been the county seat, thus enhancing its local importance. Like most early colonies in Utah, the spiritual and temporal aftairs of this settlement for several years were under the fatherly direction of an elder of the Mormon Church. In this import- ant capacity acted Henry B. Wilde, first as president of the branch and afterwards, when a ward was organized in 1861, as bishop by appointment. He was elected a member of the fifth city council of Coalville, on the 15th of February, 1875, and died on the 23rd of the same month. The following excerpt, from a notice of his death in the Deseret News, is a testimony of the character of the man, worthy of being placed on record. "He was a man of unblemished character and unsullied reputation and possessed, to an eminent degree, the qual- ities of ' God's noblest work,' an honest man. As a member of the Church he was earnest and sincere, full of integrity, and a firm believer in the religion he had espoused. He was the first bishop appointed over the Coalville ward, and during the fourteen years of his incumbency of the oifiee he won the good-will and respect of all with whom the duties of his ofiice brought him in connec- tion." The subject of education early received the attention its importance demanded. In the winter of 1860-61, before the set- tlers could have got their families fairly sheltered from the elements, a house was erected of logs, to answer the double purpose of a school-house and a place of worship. In this Mr. Wm. H. Smith taught the first school, without other compensation than the satis- INDIAN FRIGHTS. 141 faction of doing good. The log house was supplemented in the year 1865 by a commodious stone building, at an expense of several thousand dollars. A brick school-house is being built in the north- east part of the city. One wing is now completed and is occupied by a district school. Also the New West School Commission sus- tains a free school in the town. At some period of their early history most of the colonies of Utah sutFered from Indian depredations. The settlements on the Weber River were not among the exceptions. In the summer of 1865 much stock was stolen by the Indians. Renewing their raids in the spring of 1866, the First Presidency of the Mormon Church, then the leading power in the colonization of the country, issued a letter of instructions, dated May 2nd, advising the scattered settlers to move together on the most desirable locations, that they might the more easily defend themselves and their property. The ground on which the settlement of Chalk Creek was located was selected for one of these locations. A town was laid out, and through the force of circumstances, was for a short time rapidly built up. On the 7th of May, 1866, by common consent, the name of the place was changed from Chalk Creek to Coalville. After the concentration of the people in the spring of 1866, some seven by ten rods of ground were nearly enclosed by a stone wall for protection, at considerable labor and expense. In the enclosure were included the post-office and tithing house. In the summer of 1867, some forty Indian warriors made a descent from the foot-hills upon the town of Coalville. There had been no intimation of their presence in the vicinity, consequently it was a complete surprise. But three men. Bishop ClufF, John Boyden and another neighbor, were in the settlement. The women and children were much frightened and the men comprehended that it was a critical moment. Bishop Clutf came from his house out to the street to talk, when an Indian pulled his hat off, raised it on a pole in the middle of the street and a war-dance was had around it. A few valuable articles that were lying around were stolen, but by taking matters coolly the Indians were finally bought off with eight sacks of flour and several beeves. In 1868, Mr. Alma Eldredge employed the brothers Thomas and Samuel Brough to come to Coalville and make brick. As they were not willing to run the risk, the brick being of poor quality on account of poor material, Mr. Eldredge contracted to pay them wages if the brick were a failure, and $12 per thousand if they proved of good quality. The enterprise was successful, and out of the brick Mr. Eldredge erected the first brick house in Coalville, on lot ISTo. 1, block 109. Since then bricks have been extensively used in build- ing up the town. Among the private residences are several that at once attract attention to their fine proportions and to their beauty of design and finish. They are a credit to the liberality of their 142 TULLIDGE S HISTORIES. owners, and to the genius of the self-taught town architect, Mr. Thos. L. Allen. The small-pox broke out in Coalville in 1869. There were several cases, three of which proved fatal. It was its iirst appearance in the territory of Utah, and doubtless it was introduced by the Union Pacific Eailroad which ran through Echo near the close of the year 1868. It appeared again in Coalville in the autumn of 1876.. There were four eases, two of which proved fatal. In 1873-74 the county bailt a court-house and jail on an emi- nence a little north of Chalk Creek. It is now a prominent fea- ture in the landscape immediately north of the town. Chalk Creek would furnish a large amount of water power, and on account of the low price of coal, steam might be made easily available for manufacturing purposes, Ijut as yet little has been done in that direction. On the 6th of December 1868, the city council granted the right to E. H. Porter and Horton Jacobs, to use the waters of Chalk Creek, for the purpose of running a grist-mill. This was built and is now the only mill within the limits of the corporation. In the latter part of 1886, Thos. J. Welch put up a water power on the north bank of Chalk Creek which runs a planer, and it also has a circular saw attachment. Grindstones are being manufactured from rock, which is abundant in the foot-hills near the town. The home market is supplied and some are shipped to Salt Lake Valley. Also considerable quantities of the same rock cut to order, are furnished for building purposes in Coalville, Salt Lake City, Ogden and Evanston. Among the early dealers in merchandise were Hawkins & Young, J. P. Harlan & Co. and G. H. Knowlton. When the Coalville Co-operative Mercantile Association commenced business it bought out the last two and occupied the premises which had been used by Harlan & Co. The foundation of' this important institution was laid on the 18th of November 1868, by the association of sixteen persons who subscribed stock and commenced business with John Boyden as manager. In May, 1869, a better organization was effected by the election of a board of directors. W. W. Cluft' has filled the office of president of the institution continuously since its organization in 1869. Alma Eldredge has filled the office of vice-president since the institution was incorporated May 17, 1882. John Boyden con- tinued business manager until the spring of 1879. Since then the office has been filled successively as follows: by Mr. Eldredge for four years, Mr. Cluff for three years, then again by Mr. Eldredge, who is the present incumbent. Able management has made the enterprise successful. The institution is doing a large business, and its past and present promises a successful future. In addition to this leading house, Joseph S. Salmon & Co. and Smith ct Wilde are doing considerable business as dealers in INCORPORATION AND GOVERNMENT. 143 general merchandise. The latter were heavy losers by fire in January, 1888, but are now, with an energy which usually insures success, putting up a brick store 68 by 28 feet. John Boyden!& Son supply the wants of the people as druggists. p,i,-fjl The following statements of Coalville exports and imports is furnished by the agent of the Union Pacific Railroad for the year 1887: Coal 36,000 tons. Wool 14,000 lbs. Grain and vegetables 100 tons. Amount of freight on exports $60,000 " " " " imports ' $12,000 At this writing, April, 1888, the people within the limits of the corporation number 1,200. The citizens of the Coalville have been to much trouble and expense in obtaining titles to their lands within the corporate limits. The difiiculties have occurred with the claimants of coal mines and the Union Pacific railroad. The troubles have caused an expense of some five dollars per acre. The coal mines in and around the town have been worked more or less for twenty-six years with only six fatal accidents, none of which, however, have been the results of bad air. In and around Coalville are every indication of wealth. The homes of the people have a bright, cheerful appearance indicative of comfort and thrift. The presumption is reasonable that in the near future, the development of the extensive coal measures under and around Coalville, will build up a city noted for wealth, beauty and comfort. CHAPTER III. Incorporation and Government of Coalville. The city was incorporated by an act of the Territorial Legisla- ture approved January 16th, 1867. The following are some of the leading features of the act of incorporation. " Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the Governor and Legislative Assem- bly of the Territory of Utah : That all that district of country embraced in the following boundaries, in Summit County, to wit : Commencing at the Wasatch coal bed, thence running east two miles, thence north two miles, thence west four miles, thence south five miles, thence east four miles, thence north three miles, till it intersects the line running east from the place of beginning, shall 144 tullidre's histories. be known and designated under the name and style of Coalville City; and the inhabitants thereof are hereby constituted a body corporate and politic by the name aforesaid, and shall have perpetual succession, and may have and use a common seal, which they may change and alter at pleasure. Section 3, defines what shall constitute the city council. " There shall be a city council to consist of a Mayor and five Coun- cilors, who shall have the qualifications of electors of said city, and shall be chosen by the qualified voters thereof, and shall hold their oflices for two years and until their successors shall be elected and qualified." ******* Section 8, provides for the appointment and election of other city officers. "The city council shall have power to appoint a Eecorder, Treasurer, Assessor and Collector, Marshal and Supervisor of Streets. They shall also have the power to appoint all such other officers, by ordinance, as may be necessary, define the duties of all city officers and remove them from office at pleasure." Section 5, provides for the election of the first city council: "One Mayor and five Councilors shall he elected biennially, and the first election under this act shall be at such time and place, as the Probate Judge of Summit County shall direct : Provided, said elec- tion shall be on or before the first Monday in August next. Said election shall be held and conducted as now provided by law for the holding of elections for county and territorial ofl&cers ; and at the said first election all electors within said city limits shall be entitled to vote." The first election was held early in 1867 and every two years thereafter. The members elect of the first city council met in the vestry room of the school-house and proceeded to organize, in accordance with the act of incorporation, with the Mayor elect, Wm. "W. ClufF, chairman, pro tern, and John Boyden, clerk. It consisted of Wm. W. ClufF, Mayor; H. B. Wilde, Wm. H. Smith, Hiram B. demons, Ira Tlinkley and John Staley, Councilors. The following offices were filled by the council, John Boyden, City Recorder; Creighton S. Hawkins, City Treasurer; John Boy- den, Assessor and Collector; Alma Eldredge, City Marshal, and John W. White, Supervisor of Streets. Thus were the supervision of the local interests of the settlement transferred from the bishops to a city council. The second city council organized March 5th, 1869. The members were Wm. W. Clufl:', Mayor; II. B. Wilde, W. H. Smith, Henry Evans, John Allan, Alma Eldredge, Councilors. May 11th, 1870, on account of the resignation of Mayor Cluff, n. B. Wilde was appointed Mayor for the remainder of his term of office. The third city council was organized on the 4th of March, 1871, with H. B. Wilde, Mayor; John Allan, Charles E. Griffin, Alma L. Smith and Edmund Eldredge, Councilors. CIIY OFFICERS. 145 November 12th, 1872, on account of the resignation of Mayor Wilde, Alma Eldredge was appointed by the city council to fill the office for the unexpired part of the term. March 3rd, 1873, the fourth city council was organized, with H. B. Clemons, Mayor; Alma Eldredge, Henry Evans, George H. Peterson, Hyrum Merrill, C. L. Hawkins, Councilors. January 8th, 1874, Mayor H. B. Clemons having resigned. Alma Eldredge was appointed to fill the office of Mayor for the remainder of the' term. The fifth city council organized March 1st, 1875, with Alma Eldredge, Mayor; H. B. Wilde, Wm. Hodson, Henry Evans, C. L. Hawkins, Wm. W. Cluff, Councilors. In the interim between the election and the organization, H. B. Wilde had died, and John Rob- inson was appointed to fill his place. The sixth city council was organized February 19th, 1877, with Alma Eldredge, Mayor; W. W. Cluft", George H. Peterson, Wm. Hodson, A. L. Smith, Thos. Copley, Councilors. The seventh city council was organized February 24th, 1879, with Alma Eldredge, Mayor; W. W. CluflT, Wm. Hodson, Thomas Copley, A. L. Smith, Thos. Ball, Councilors. February 21st, 1881, the eighth city council was organized, with Alma Eldredge, Mayor; W. W. CluflF, Wm. Hodson, Jos. A. Fisher, Samuel Faddies, Thos. L. Beach, Councilors. The ninth city council was organized April 2nd, 1883, with Alma Eldredge, Mayor; W. W. CluiF, Henry Evans, Thomas Beard, James Salmon, A. L. Smith, Councilors. The tenth city council was organized March 23rd, 1885, with John Boyden, Mayor; E. H. Rhead, John H. Williams, W. W. Cluff, John P. Allgood, Samuel Clark, Councilors. The eleventh city council was organized March 7th, 1887, with John Boyden, Mayor; Wm. Hodson, J. P. Allgood, John Wilde, Wm. H. Brough and Samuel Clark, Councilors. We leave the mines of Summit County to be treated in a special chapter on the coal and silver mines of Coalville and Park City, the subject of our mines being too important in the history of Utah to be confined to a mere county record. 146 tdllidgb's histories. WSSSTCH COUNTY, Desoriiition of the County, Early History and Kesources. Wasatch County embraces all of Provo Valley, which is sit- uated ill the south-eastern part of the Territory of Utah, and about twenty-eight miles from Provo. The valley is beautifully located. It is so complete — so beauti- ful, romantic and picturesque; some of its sylvan glades, sand- wiched between the ancient hills, seem to almost rival in grandeur the home of the Swiss. Surrounded entirely by mountains; some of them are rolling ; they recede and rise gradually, while others ascend more abruptly, and their snow-capped peaks appear to kiss the sky. The valley is almost completely round, and is in shape like a deep, symmetrically formed bowl. From any of the mount- ain heights is obtained a magnificent view of the country, and from some of them the prospect is extended to other valleys north and south, and which are almost enchanting. This valley is located about twenty-eight miles south-east of Provo City, thirteen miles from Park City. By stage you travel about fifty miles, and by rail about one hundred and five miles to reach the capital of Utah. In the summer and fall of 1858, a road was tirst made through Provo Canyon into this valley; and in July of the same year, James C. Snow, surveyor of Utah County, and a company of men entered the valley and surveyed what is now called the North Field, one and a half miles square. In October following, they came again and surveyed on the west and south of the present site of Heber City. In the winter of 1858, the road through the canyon was so far completed that teams could travel through it. That same year William M. Wall made a ranch in the south end of the valley and wintered stock there that season, as also did Messrs. William Meeks, Aaron Daniels, Cummings Brothers and others. The following spring opened very late. A number of snow slides occurred in the canyon which rendered travel through there very difficult. One of the slides was one-fourth of a mile wide, and the pioneers were compelled to take their wagons to pieces and pack them a long distance through the snow. It took them about three days to make the journey through the canyon. On the first of May, 1859, Thomas Rusband, John Crook, Jesse Bond, John Jordan, James (larlyle, John Carlyle, Henry Chatwin, Charles IST. Carroll and William (iiles, arrived at Wall's ranch from Provo. The next day they drove to Daniel's ranch; EARLY COLONIZERS. 147 they crossed the creek on a bridge of ice, and pursued their course three miles further to Meek's ranch. In the north end of the valley the party saw three men plow- ing. These men were James Davis, Robert Broadhead and' Wil- liam Davidson, from Nephi. They were the tirst white men who had turned over the soil in this valley for many generations. They had plowed one acre each. They had each of them two yoke of cattle to do their work. The company from Provo examined the land, the quality of which they found to be good. They selected a place near a large spring, about one and a half miles north of where Heber City "is built. There they erected a large wick-i-up of willows and poles, which they covered with hay and dirt. The company made this house their residence during the time they were employed putting in their crops. They named it "the London wick-i-up," and the spring they called "the London spring." Thirty persons ate and slept in this wigwam. On May 5th, John Crook and Thomas Eusband joined teams and commenced plowing. The weather was, at this time, extremely cold, requiring overcoats and other warm clothing 'for the body, and mittens for the hands, to protect them from the pitiless blasts that blew from the mountains. Their prospects were anything but encouraging. All things around them wore a forbidding aspect; but the hardy pioneers had strong faith in their future, so they worked on with hearty good will, and trusted the results to Him who alone could 'give the increase. And they were not disap- pointed. About the first of June, 1859, Win. Meeks, J-esse Fuller, the deputy surveyor, and others arrived in the valley from Provo, when the distribution of land was commenced. In July they surveyed a city plat; they also laid out a fort, forty rods square, on the north- west corner of the city plat. This done, the settlers began the erection of log cabins, into which they removed their families as early thereafter as possible. The season proved to be propitious for them; providence prospered them in all their operations, and not- withstanding the numerous drawbacks they experienced, they raised over one thousand bushels of small grain and other cereal, and potatoes, beets, melons, etc. The members of the little colony now felt happy and grateful. The valley began to assume the appearance of civilization. Quite an area of the country was dotted over with grain and hay stacks, cattle sheds and 'comparatively comfortable dwelling houses. At this time many other persons began to move into the valley with the intention of making it their permanent home. At the beginning of November snow began to fall, and soon after, winter closed them in for the season. Early in this month the first white child was born in this colony, to William and Ellen Davidson. They named it Timpanogos, which is the Indian name of the valley. 148 tullidge's histories. Elias Cox and John Hamilton built the first houses in this valley, and by Christmas of this" year — 1869 — seventeen houses were erected on the fort line. Seventeen families wintered in the fort, and others wintered on Snake Creek on the west side of the valley. In the winter of 1859-60, "William Meeks, James Adams and others commenced to get out timber for the erection of a saw-mill in Center Canyon. The mill was completed by the fall of 1860. The same year the colonists erected their first meeting-house. It was built of logs in the center of the fort. The year following Wm. B. Simpson and Robert Broadhead plowed and made a large ditch from Spring Branch to the fort, running past the property of Eoger Horrocks. This canal furnished water sufficient for the citi- zens and for their stock. In the autumn of 1859, the water in Lake Creek had decreased very materially and did not reach the west part of the city. To obviate this difiiculty, early in the year of 1860, the colonists turned out en masse, with teams, plows and other implements, and brought the waters of all the springs and of Lake Creek into one stream. For this purpose they made a canal from "Thomas' Springs" to two other springs south of these to the " Grist-mill Branch;" and these secured sufficient water for the use of the citizens of Heber. In the spring of this year many more families from Provo moved into the valley, and soon thereafter all the lots on the fort line were occupied ; more land was taken up and cultivated, good crops were raised and numerous improvements were made in the settlement. This being a Mormon colony, it will be readily under- stood that the Mormons alone would be the office-holders, all of which were ecclesiastical, there being, as yet, no civil organization effected. Elder Wm. M. Wall was appointed president over the people in the valley, and James Laird and John M. Murdock were chosen by him as counselors. Subsequently Bishop Jonathan 0. Duke was sent from Provo to take the charge and oversight of mat- ters the same year, as bishop. On the 8th of August, 1861, Presidents Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball and others visited the valley and established a tithing office at Heber City. Wm. M. Wall was released from his presidency, and, Joseph S. Murdock, who had formerly been ordained a bishop, and acting as such at the time, was appointed to preside over the church matters in the valley. He chose John W. Witt and Thomas Rusband as counselors. Henry Hamilton was appointed chief clerk. During this year the fence inclosing the " big field " was com- pleted. It ran along the east side of the river, and extended from the " Sessions homestead" on the north, and eighty rods south of the present boundary road line to Midway, The field contained 4,000 acres of land. During the winter of 1861-62, a great deal of the Provo Canyon road was washed away, which made it impossible for teams and wagons to travel through 'it. At this time a dramatic COUNTY OUGANIZATION. 149 association was organized at Heber; Elisha Everett was elected president of the institution. The first drama put upon the boards was " Priestcraft in Danger," composed by William McGhie. It was played three nights to large, appreciative audiences. The winter of 1861-62 was very severe. There were alternate snows, rains, freezings and thaws throughout the season. The fol- lowing spring was very late in opening, and it was not until the month of May that the settlers were able to commence plowing. High waters prevailed — indeed, they were the highest the people in the valley had ever witnessed. In some places where the river is ordinarily narrow, it became one and a half miles' wide. Having no tlouring-mill at that time, the people were compelled to take their grain to Provo to be ground. And for a considerable time they were unable to get to Provo in consequence of the canyon road being washed away. In this emergency, Mr. William liej'- nolds improvised a small chopping machine, which he operated with the horse-power of a threshing machine. With this apparatus the people chopped their wheat, made "mush" and lived on it for a considerable length of time. ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY. In January, 1862, the citizens of this valley presented a petition to the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah, asking for a county organization. The prayer was granted. John W. Witt was appointed Probate Judge, and James McNaughton was appointed notary public. Joseph S. Murdock was subsequently elected Rep- resentative from Wasatch County to the Legislative Assembly. On February 22nd, the county court of Wasatch County was organized. A special session was held on that day, at which Hon- orable John W. Witt presided. The following officers were appointed by the Judge : Thomas Todd, James Luke, John H. Van Wagonen, Selectmen; Snelling M. Johnson, Sheriff; Charles Sh^lton, County Clerk; Henry J. Young, County Recorder; John M. Murdock, County Treasurer; Thomas H. Giles, Superintendent of district schools ; John Sessions, County Surveyor. At the same session all that portion of the county on the east side of the Provo River in Provo Valley, was organized into pre- cinct Number 1, for which Thomas Rusband was appointed Justice of the Peace, and Zemira Palmer was appointed Constable. All that portion of the county on the west side of said river was organized into precinct Number 2; Norton Jacobs was appointed Justice of the Peace, and Sidney Epperson, Constable. When the county was first organized its boundaries were more extended than they are at the present time. From time to time slices have been cut off and attached to others, or taken to form portions of new counties, namely : Uintah and Emery Counties. When it was first organized its greatest distance east and west extended from 109° to 111° 24' west longitude, a distance of about 150 tullidge's histories. 136 miles ; and its greatest distance north and south extended about 39° 40' to 40° 45' north latitude, a distance of about seventy-fiv^e miles, embracing an area of about 7,216 square miles. In 1880, all the country lying east of the 110th meridian belonging to Wasatch County, was taken to form a portion of Uintah County; and a small portion on the south was given to Emery County, which leaves, at the present time, the greatest dis- tance east and west about eighty-three miles, and its greatest distance north and south about seventy miles, embracing an area of about 3,612 square miles. The following is a brief digest of county notes taken from the county records : March 3rd, 1863, the county court located a county road ''com- mencing at the Provo River, below where Charleston now is and running in a northerly direction following the old emigrant trail through the valley, passing by Melvin Ross' ranch, and terminating at the northern boundary of the county ; which road is hereby declared to be a county road." Henry McMuUin was appointed county road Supervisor. At the same time the court divided the county into School districts as follows: District No. 1. — " To include all that portion not included in the boundaries of the other districts; to be known as the Heber District." District No. 2. — "To include Ceuterville settlement and extend west to the east line of Heber City, and south to a creek known as Daniel's Creek, thence north to the dividing ridge, north of Lake Creek." District No. 3. — " To include the lower settlement on Snake Creek, bounded east by Provo River, west by the base of the mountain on the west side of the valley, on the north by a line run- ning due east from the mouth of Maple Canyon to the river." District No. 4. — "To include upper Snake Creek settlement, bounded on the east by the river, on the west and north by the mountains." Charles Shelton was appointed County Recorder. April 26th, 1862, .John Harvey was appointed County Road Commissioner. During this year a number of new county roads were opened in various parts of the county. At a special term of the court held June 22nd, 1863, two citi- zens petitioned the court to manufacture whisky, but their prayers were not granted. Wagnenen the right to use the water from Snake Creek to run their December 7th, l«(i.S, the court granted John and David Van grist-mill, which was located on the south-west side of the creek. On March 7th, 1864, another petition for the manutacture of whisky was rejected by the court. But Thomas C. Smith was DIVISION INTO PRECINCTS. 151 granted a license on June 6th, to sell whisky by retail, subject to any rules the county court might impose in the matter. September 4th, John Hamilton was appointed Sheriff of the county. November 11th, 1864, the court granted Thomas C. Smith a license to sell spirituous liquors in any quantity to suit his custom- ers. The same date Heber City Precinct was divided into two dis- tricts. That on the east side of main street was called District No. 1 ; and that on the west side to be District No. 2. December 5th, 1864, Thomas A. Giles was appointed Assessor and Collector for the year 1865. During the year 1864 a number of herd grounds were located and granted to applicants for them ; several saw-mills were built and timber and water rights granted by the court to operate them. At the regular term held March 6th, 1865, James Duke and T. C. Smith were refused license to manufacture spirituous liquors. . H. Coleman received permission to sell intoxicants for three months. Charles N. Carrol was appointed County Treasurer, vice James Duke, resigned. Wm. McDonald was appointed Road Supervisor, vice Z. Palmer resigned. This year Joseph Allen erected a shingle machine at the mouth of Daniel's Creek canyon, and was granted the control of water sufficient to run it. • An irrigation district was organized in the spring of 1866, the water for which was taken out of the Provo Eiver. Charleston and Wallsburg were organized into a precinct and boundaries prescribed for the same, March 5th, 1866. Isaac Decker was appointed Justice of the Peace, and Stanley P. Davis was appointed Constable. Center Settlement and Charleston were each organized into a school district. Samuel Thompson was appointed Justice of the Peace for Mid- way Precinct. September 3rd, W. P. Reynolds was granted a license to make and sell malt beer, on condition that he pay $15 per month into the county treasury. The County Judges up to the present date have been, first: John W. Witt, appointed by the Legislature at the organization of Wasatch County in January, 1862. In 1868 Abram Hatch was appointed Judge over the probate and county courts. He served in this position until 187.4, during which period the county organ- ization was considerably developed as the county grew into import- ance in our territorial commonwealth. Judge Hatch in 1874, was succeeded by Thomas H. Giles, a gentleman of clerical ability, with a fair judicial mind and, withal, a citizen of excellent repute. He held this position until the August election of 1884, when he was succeeded by T. S. Watson, who is known as one of the most enter- prising of the business men of Wasatch County. Judge Watson is the present incumbent. 152 tullidge's histories, settlements and wards. There are now seven settlements in the county, called wards ; they are all in a flourishing condition. They are presided over- (ecclesiastically) by bishops. But this office is distinct from those of the civil authority. Heber City is the largest city in the county. It is the county seat. It is located about the center of the valley. Its altitude is 6,440 feet above the level of the ocean. It has a population of upwards of 1,500. The city is not incorporated, but it is very orderly and well conducted. The residences of Heber are built mostly of rock or brick, or a combination of both. There are a number of mercantile establishments in Heber, the chief of which is the Co-operative Institution; it is ably and successfully conducted by A. Hatch & Co. Its financial soundness may be inferred from the fact that it has never paid less than 12 per cent, per annum to the stockholders. The present manager is Joseph Hatch, who is a man of sound, practical business capacity. There are in Heber City three district schools, which are regu- larly in session and well attended. Among the able and experi- enced teachers are Henry Clegg, George Cluft' and H. M. Aird. Besides these there are two other educational institutions for the study and acquirement of the higher branches of learning. Taxation is light. Twelve mills on the dollar includes the ter- ritorial, county and school taxes. In Heber is located the only saloon there is in the county, and that is not a lucrative institution. Midway is about four miles west of Ileber. It was formerly called Mound City. It secured that name from the numerous lime- stone mounds found in its immediate vicinity. These mounds present a truly novel and interesting appearance, nearly all of them being in a conical shape ; some of them having a spring of water on the very top. The base of the largest of these mounds covers about an acre of ground. The smallest mound at its base is about 200 feet in circumference. In connection with these mounds there are a large number of "pots." They are formed of limestone with which the water they contain is charged : some of them are in the shape of a basin ; others are oblong. They are from seven to twenty feet in diameter on the top. They are all very deep. Some of these springs are hot, others are cold ; some of them overflow constantly, while others do not. The waters of those which do overflow spread over a wide area of land and leave heavy deposits of concretionary limestones. These deposits appear to have been aceummulating for many generations, and now make a great deal of labor for the farmer and gardner in clearing them oflt' the land before it can be cultivated. The material, however, is not without its benefits. It is utilized to build wall fences, barns, etc. The water in some of these "pots" is from six to nine feet PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS OF IlEBEK CITY. 153 below the surface of the earth, while in others it rises to the surface. The water varies in color in different springs. Besides these "pots" there are several springs of pure, cold water suitable for domestic uses. Formerly, Mound City received its water supply from " Snake Creek," which was so called from a rattlesnake den, which was located in a mound in its immediate vicinity. The den had the appearance of an extinct volcano. This den was the harbor or home of thousands of rattlesnakes. As soon as their abode was discovered the settlers of Mound City turned out en masse and com- menced a war of extermination upon the venomous reptiles. The onslaught was continued with such vigor and success during the whole summer months, that by fall very few, if any, were left. It is believed that part of the county is now free from the pests. Midway, the name by which the settlement is now known, has a population of about 800. It has two mercantile houses, a lumber-mill, iiouring-mill, and other institutions, including educational. Charleston is situated at the south end of the valley, and has a thriving population, which numbers many enterprising, intelligent citizens. The co-operative store is under the superintendence of Joseph Murdock, son of Bishop N. C. Murdock. There are two other settlements, Wallsburg and Woodland. They are all agricultural communities; and all appear to enjoy excellent health. The death rate in the county is said to be very light. THE COURT-HOUSE. The county court-house is located at Heber. It is a three story rock structure, 37 feet from the basement floor to the square. The walls are two feet thick from the water table to the top. The build- ing is covered by a self-supporting roof of wood and iron, with a tower deck on the roof. The rock is red sandstone and is laid in courses from seven to nine inches thick. There is a spacious cellar in the basement story. There are three rooms on the second floor with hall and stairway. The third floor contains the court room, jury room, etc. The whole arrangements are neat and compact. There has been recently erected a large, handsome "Stake House." It is built of red sandstone, which can be obtained in any quantities in the immediate vicinity of the town. The buildirig is 50x95 feet with tower extending eight feet. The building is thirty feet in height to the square. It is built on a heavy foundation, which is five feet wide at the bottom, and tapers upward to three feet at the top. The walls are two feet thick. Like the court-house, the Stake house is covered with a self-supporting wood and iron roof The tower is built of rock and extends about ten feet above the ridge of the roof From this point the tower will be completed in red wood and metal, extending about twenty-five feet, making it 11 154 ■ tullidge's histories. in all about ninety feet higl^ to the top of the weather vane. The tower is fourteen feet square, and has a large entrance door; also two large gothic windows. It is four feet from the level ground to the first floor of the house. It is lighted by five windows on each side of the building, which are five feet six inches by eighteen feet. The walls of the building are strengthened by buttresses on the sides, front and rear, making it an immense, massive structure. A large cellar in the rear of the building will contain the heating furnace. The inside of the stake house is 46x91 feet. Galleries are erected on each side and end. The seating capacity is 1,500. The speaker's stand has three elevations. A vestry and council room, etc., are provided in the rear of the main hall. Ample means for egress are provided in case of danger. There are large doors in each end of the building, and four large stairways leading to and from the galleries. Provision is made for a large organ and choir in the east end of the gallery. The building was erected chiefly by voluntary contribution of the citizens, and will cost about $25,000. The architect and master-builder is Alexander Fortie, Esq. Hon. Abram Hatch superintended the construction. It will be occupied for ecclesiastical and other assemblies. Beside^the buildings above named, there is in this city a general meeting house 32x70 feet, 14 feet to the square, with a plain gable roof. A small belfry rises from the ridge. The bell announces the hour of all meetings. It is a plain, unassuming building. The interior of the house is neatly and substantially arranged, with a seating capacity for five hundred. There is a small gallery in the east end. The speaker's platform, in the west end, is also used as a stage for the presentation of the drama. It extends the entire width of the room. The house is used for general meetings, Sab- bath schools, etc. It was built in earlier times in the history of the settlement of the place. ORGANIZATION OE THE STAKE. On July 15th, 1877, President John Taylor, George Q. Cannon and Apostle F. D. Richards visited Heber City. During their stay they organized the Wasatch Stake and appointed Bishop Abram Hatch president, and Thomas H. Giles and H. S. Alexander, coun- selors. The city was divided into two wards, East and West. Thomas Easband was appointed bishop of the East Ward, and William Foreman bishop of the West Ward. A passage of explanation may be here given relative to this stake organization. As noticed in other parts of this history these " Stakes of Zion," formed by the original colonists of these valleys, gave the basis of the organizations of our cities and counties, the Stake is a pecu- liar organic feature of our peculiar Mormon commonwealth, par- taking of the blended nature of a social and ecclesiastical compact and government. It possesses the essential characteristics of a com- WASATCH STAKE DIVIDED. 155 m unity, such as the Mormons are distinguished as being in their organic type, and they also being a religious people, rather than a body of ordinary communists, the stake organization is therefore in some respects a Church branch, or conference belonging to the general body of the Saints. Over -this stake organization an eccle- siastical functionary presides, bearing the name of President of the Stake, and he prompts, promotes and administers the general affairs of the community both temporally and spiritually, and " everybody" knows how thorough the Mormon administration is, and how con- servative of the interests of the peculiar people in all their relations, which make them very much as one family. Under this president of a stake arethe various bishops of the ecclesiastical wards with their official aids. Abram Hatch was the original president of the Wasatch Stake and is so to this day. The bishops of the wards of the stake are: Heber East Ward, E. S. Duke, bishop; Thomas Todd first, Harmon Cummings second, councilors; Heber West Ward, Henry Clegg, bishop, John Duke first, Alexander Fortie second, counselors; Midway Ward, David Van Wagonen, bishop, John Watkins first, Alva Alexander second, counselors; Charleston Ward, ]Sr. C. Murdock, bishop, Edward Buys first counselor, no second ; Wallsburg Ward, Frank Fraughton, bishop ; Center Ward, Ben Clufi, bishop, Wm. Blake first, John Baird second, counselors; Woodland Ward, John T. Moon, bishop, Lambert and Thayne, counselors; Hailstone Branch, Henry ClufF, presiding elder. There are six churches in Wasatch County, five of which are Mormon and one Methodist. There are also fifteen day schools, which are generally well attended. During the fall and winter sea- sons the school-houses are filled to their utmost capacity. There are also Sabbath schools in each ward in the stake. Previous to the year 1886, Wasatch Stake embraced the entire territory now included in both the Wasatch and Uintah stakes of Zion, over which Abram Hatch presided. He visited the Uintah part of the stake from time to time to look after the interests of the Church there. In September, 1885, he was accompanied by Apostle John Henry Smith on his visit to Ashley; and while there, in view ot the isolated position of the Saints in Ashley Valley, being so remote from the western part of the stake, the impracticability of visiting them, except at long intervals, to counsel them, and set in order the affairs of the Church, they recommended to the First Presidency the propriety of the wards in Ashley Valley being organized into a separate stake. Their recommendation was accepted and the stake was organized. In 1886, S. R. Bennion was appointed president, thereby releasing President Hatch from further duties and responsi- bilities in that part of the country. THE SETTLERS AND THE INDIANS. There has been one serious hindrance to the progress of the white population in their pursuits. It is this : nearly three-fourths 156 TULLIDQB S HISTORIES. of the county is held as a reservation for about eighty Indian famil- ies. These aborigines, however, are now quite friendly. They are semi-civilized, and many of them apparel themselves in the fashions of their white neighbors. Some of them also have adopted agri- cultural pursuits for a livelihood. From 1862, forward, the population of the county increased rapidly, both naturally and by people coming in from other parts of the Territory. Many improvements were effected in the soil and in the character of the buildings which sprung up in every direc- tion. They were at peace with themselves and with their neigh- bors and adopted a conciliatory policy towards all. Their policy towards the Indians was to feed and help them, and not to fight them unless compelled to do so in self-defense. But the aborigines frequently requited this kindness with treachery. In 1865, they made a descent upon their stock, stole a large number and com- mitted other depredations on the people. In 1866, the Black Hawk war broke out. Most of the settle- ments had, for a time, to be abandoned, and the people gathered into Heber City for mutual protection and safety. A large stock corral was built in what was called Cluff's Hollow. They were herded by day, and at night put into the corral and guarded. Scouts and sentinels were posted on the hills, who kept watch by day and night, to keep track of the movements of the red maraud- ers. Thus by strict vigilance they passed through the crusade with comparatively little loss. In 1867, a large number of Indians with their chiefs came. They had ended their hostilities against the whites. They " buried the hatchet" and smoked the pipe of peace. A big feast was prepared for them beneath a large bowery in Heber, of which they partook heartily and enjoyed themselves exceedingly, after which they took their wigwams into their own hunting grounds; and the white set- tlers returned to their homes and resumed their vocations in peace. AGRICULTURAL AND STOCK-RAISING. The land in the county is rich and free from alkali. The peo- ple at this writing have under cultivation about 20,000 acres, one- half of which is meadow and pasture land. There is from five thousand to eight thousand acres as yet unimproved, for lack of water, which it is thought, however, could be easily obtained. There are several natural lakes, and good places to construct others in Lake Creek canyon, which it is claimed, cannot be surpassed in the Territory. One lake has been utilized for irrigation purposes. About twelve inches of water will mature crops in that valley. The average yield of products per acre are: wheat, 20 bushels; oats and barley, 30 bushels; potatoes, 150 bushels. The hay aver- age is one and one-half tons per acre. Stock-raising is carried on extensively. There are in the county ten thousand head of horned stock, as many sheep, two thousand LIVE STOCK PROSPECTS. 157 head of horses and as many hogs. There are two mining districts, in each of which the prospects are very promising for rich develop- ments of the precious ores. ' In answer to the enquiries recently made by the Salt Lake Herald of the stock raisers of Utah, relative to stock, Mr. Hatch communicated the following: " In answer to yours of the 6th inst. I will say : There are about 10,000 cattle in Wasatch County, and probably 10,000 sheep. Six thousand of the cattle are grazing; the balance are being fed on the farms. All of the sheep at present in the county are kept on the farms. There are in Uintah county about 20,000 sheep, and 6,000 cattle, all of which are grazed the entire year. The condition of all classes of live stock is very good, and the prospects for win- ter are fair. Although most of the range is heavily stocked, a hard winter would be liable to leave us in the same condition that "Wyoming and Montana were last spring. I think that the tarift" on wool is all that makes sheep-raising profitable, and if the tariff is removed, Utah will remain one of the best range countries in the west. If the tariff remains, as it is at present, it is only a matter of three or four years until the range cattle business in Utah will be a thing of the past. As the sheep will take the entire range coun- try, either compelling the cattle raisers to raise hay for their cattle, or emigrate. Except for the President's message, I think the pros- pect for sheep in Utah is very encouraging, but the outlook for cattle is gloomy, as they cannot be kept on the same range with sheep, and the sheep have virtually taken the ranges of the Terri- tory. "Average sheep are worth about $2. per head. Cattle in herds or bunches of one hundred and over, are worth about $20. per head. Beef steers run from |25. to |28. per head. "Yours truly, "A. Hatch." FISH AND GAME. The streams of water which have their source in the mountains feed about a dozen other large streams in the valley. These latter abound with mountain trout and other fish. It is estimated that each of these twelve streams could, under the present system of agriculture, be utilized to water sufficient land to sustain one thou- sand persons. A large portion of the county is well adapted to stock-raising ; the summer and winter ranges are sufficient to sustain immense numbers of horses and horned stock. The wild game is not so plentiful as it was a few years since. The valley is admirably adapted for raising all kinds of small grain and vegetables, although in some parts of it the wheat is sometimes injured by severe frosts. Great difficulty has been experienced by the settlers in their endeavors at fruit raising; yet they hope to fully succeed in this matter. 158 tullidge's histories. building material, quarries, etc. The resources of the county are numerous. The facilities are excellent. About one-half the county is mountainous and is covered with timber, consisting of pine, cedar, mahogany, maple, quaking- asp and other kinds. In close proximity to Heber City there is an immense ledge of red sandstone. It is easy of access, and is easily worked. It can be obtained in layers from one-half inch, to three feet in thickness, or more as may be required. Much of it is smooth-faced, similar to a planed board. It makes good flagging or coursing rock for building purposes. Limestone of an excellent quality abounds in the neighborhood. At the head of Snake Creek canyon, in the Wasatch range, there is a quarry of beautiful white marble. But for lack of capital the quarry has not yet been much developed. There is a mine of wealth in that place awaiting the action of some enterprising cap- italist. Lumber is abundant in the mountains and is easily procured. BUSINESS AND COMMERCE. In the month of May, 1862, David H. Van Wagonen completed the erection of a flouring-mill, which obviated many difficulties under which the people had heretofore experience in getting their flouring done. In Wasatch County there are now five steam saw-mills, which are capable of manufacturing five million feet of lumber annually; there are three planing-mills, three grist-mills, twelve blacksmith shops, and one blacksmith and carpenter shop combined. There are a dozen mercantile establishments. Mr. Hatch, who is the principal business man in the county, on his arrival in that part of the country, continued his commercial activities at the request of President Young, and after a year or two organized a co-operative store, which has constantly increased. This business has been conducted under the name of A. Hatch & Co. The institution numbers about eighty stock-holders, with a capital sufficient to meet its needs. The enterprising character and quick native energy of Abram Hatch was soon felt in the eastern division of our Territory, and Wasatch County became known as a live, progressive county and Heber as the Eden of the Wasatch. Noting the progress of the growth of that delightful pastoral town, it may be said that Abram Hatch built the first frame barn in the county, and commenced the planting of an orchard, although at the onset it was thought that fruit trees would not thrive there. He also bought and remodeled the flouring-mill in Heber City, which is now manufacturing one of the very best brands of flour in the Territory. He established a ranch in Ashley Valley, with Captain Dodds, for the raising of cattle and horses, and made a commendable effort at farming. They have excellent facilities for the establishment of various LEGISLATIVE REPRESENTATION. 159 branches of industries — notably a tannery, boot, shoe, and harness manufactory. The population of the county is about 3,000 whites and 500 Indians; and this community expend annually $25^000 cash for the importation of boots and shoes, which sum might be saved to the people by utilizing their resources to that end. The estab- lishment of woolen factories, for which there is an excellent open- ing, would be another great financial benefit to the citizens of Wasatch. They own 10,000 head of sheep, and nearly three times that number more are summered by them. It is quite probable that the clip from all these sheep could be secured to the county and converted into fabrics that would give employment to many hands in the manufacture of clothing. The facilities for the manu&cture of beet sugar are good. There being no alkali in the soil, the beets raised there are of an excellent nature, being richly charged with saccharine matter. Butter and cheese should be abundant and should find a good market (in fact they have an outlet for all their produce), as most of the families milk from two to ten cows daily. There are large herds of milk cows in the county, and nearly all the summer milk could be manufactured iflto cheese. POST-OFFICE AND STAGE LINE. There is a post ofi&ce at Heber City, but the mail matter for Wasatch County is distributed at Park City post-oflace. Letters sent from Salt Lake City to Heber reach their address a day sooner than a letter from Heber to Salt Lake, in consequence of the mail by the stage line not reaching the Park for the morn- ing train. Mr. John Duncan is the postmaster of Heber. The stage line is run by Mr. T. S. Watson, the judge of the county. He carries the mails and also passengers and light freight to Park City and back to Heber. The line is efficiently and reasonably run. POLITICAL STATUS. Though Wasatch County is in population but one of the small- est counties in Utah, its influence in our Territorial Legislature and intelligent activity in our local political affairs have been scarcely second to that of any county in Utah. True, Wasatch could only boast of having one member in the House, but that one member has entered into almost every public question of interest that has been presented during the last twenty years, and many of the best measures of our Territorial Legislation have originated with the "member from Wasatch County." That member is Abram Hatch. We excerpt the following from our biography of this gentleman, as it covers the general features of the political history of Wasatch County : "During the last twenty years, Mr. Hatch has been the repre- sentative of his county in the Legislative Assembly of Utah; and 160 tullidge's histories. at the last election he was elected again a member of the House, in which he will sit in the session of the winter of 1887-88. " Touching the past it may be said without fear of contradiction that Mr. Hatch's course in the legislature has been gentlemanly and courteous, endeavoring to assist in the legislating for the good of the entire people; he holding human rights and liberties above all, regardless of any opinions that may be entertained, either political, social or religious. "Mr. Hatch was the member who first brought forward the motion 'that the committee on judiciary (of the House) be instructed to consider the propriety of bringing in a bill, giving to women the elective franchise,' which became the law. It is true that act has since been repealed by the Edmund's Law, which not unlikely will at some future time be considered by the majority of the American people as one of the most infamous laws on the statute book of the nation, declared unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court and execrated by every lover of human rights and every true admirer of the genius of our republican institutions. When that time comes (as come it surely will)- another feather will be added to Mr. Abram Hatch's plume, for the female suffrage bill will certainly be re-enacted by the future State Legislature of Utah and his naitie will remain in our history as the member who first moved the passage of the woman suffrage act. " Mr. Hatch was also the member who brought in the bill set- ting apart a portion of the public revenue for the benefit of the common schools. "In the financial administration of the territorial funds he has guarded the treasury against all unnecessary expenditure; and he has been chairman of the judiciary committee for the last two ses- sions. "Relative to Mr. Hatch's future as a local statesman in the affairs of Utah it may be observed in anticipation as the forecast of probably not less than from one to two decades as he is scarcely past the prime of life. " Abram Hatch enters on the important work of the coming ses- sion of 1887-88 with a popularity well achieved and the experience of twenty years' familiarity with our Territorial affairs. That the coming sessions will be of the most radical and uncommon import- ance, the circumstances of the times clearly indicate. The prelim- inary work of our future state so recently done by our State Con- vention, of which Mr. Hatch was a member, and which was endorsed at a general Territorial election by so large a majority of our citizens, will consistently demand from the Legislative Assem- bly some corresponding action, or at least some adequate expres- sions and views from the members both of the Council and the House. An attitude and measures are needed in keeping and com- mensurate with the vital questions of the hour and the issue of the most critical period in Utah's aftairs. And taking Mr. Hatch's past A WORTHY COMMUNITY. 161 conductin the House as the indicator of his conduct and action in the coming sessions, we may fairly anticipate the crowning perform- ance of his life as a local statesman. Bold, outspoken and thor- oughly American as he has ever been, yet we look for from him the most conservative aims in grappling with the present issues, and withal an unflinching devotion to the cause and best interests of the people of Utah ; indeed we believe there is no man in our Terri- torial Legislature who will be more truly faithful to the cause of the people, or who may be depended on with greater assurance by the public, than the member of Wasatch County. Mr. Hatch has found his grandest opportunity, and we have no doubt that he will be equal to it, and that in the coming sessions he will make a strong and worthy mark in the history of our Territory as a legislator." CHARACTER OP THE PEOPLE. The general character of the citizens of Wasatch County is excellent in every respect. As business men they are progressive and enterprising. Much of their commerce and business activities grow out of their trade with the mining population of Park City. Indeed Wasatch County principally furnishes the provisions of that city, and supplies it with everything which the county produces. In their relations with the business men of the Park they have obtained quite an influential character, and a cordial feeling of reciprocity exists between the Mormon people of Wasatch County and the Gentile population of Summit. Speaking intellectually and socially of the people of Wasatch County, they may truthfully be said to be intelligent, fair-minded and liberal both in a religious and political sense. In this they very well agree with Abram Hatch, the President of their Stake and Representative in the Legislature. In fine the people of Wasatch County form a worthy part of our Territorial Commonwealth. 162 tullidgb's histories. THE COMMERCE OF THE NORTH, CHAPTER I. Ogden as the Commercial and Railway City. The earliest industries and business of Ogden City and Weber County grew out of the primitive wants of the settlers. "When the county and city were incorporated, Utah herself had no commercial life. In the summer of 1849, the first train of " States goods," ov merchandise, was brought to Salt Lake City by Livingston & Kin- kade, and it is worthy of note here that William Vandyke of Ogden came to Utah in charge of their train. E"otwithstanding the enor- mous high figures at which these " States goods" were sold, they were only valued, even in this market, at $25,000 ; and, in the year 1850, there was only one other merchant firm in the whole Terri- tory — namely, Holliday and Warner, with William H. Hooper in charge of their business in Salt Lake City. Indeed, it was nearly a decade after this before commerce proper began to fiourish in any of the settlements outside of Salt Lake City. The first business of Ogden was that of lumber-mills and grist- mills, with the labor and trade by barter or exchange of home pro- duce which grew put of such business activities. The building of houses, the supplying of flour, the manufacture of molasses from home-raised sugar-cane, the making of homespun clothing, woven in the household, not in factories, and of course the usual efforts of a young colony to manufacture their own shoe leather from the hides of their slaughtered cattle, to make up stoga shoes and boots for the community, thus calling into existence the local craft of shoemakers — such were the only branches of trade and business of the early times in Ogden and Weber County. All the supplies of " States goods" which the settlers could obtain — a little tea, a pound of sugar, a few yards of calico — at a time when they scarcely ever saw a dollar, were purchased at Salt Lake City. There was no merchant's store in Ogden for ten years after its existence began. In the summer and fall of 1850, Lorin Farr built his grist and saw- mills, where afterwards were erected the Ogden Woolen Mills, owned by Pugsley, Farr and ISTeil. Previous to this the farmers of Weber C'ounty had to take their wheat to President Young's and Xeft's mills, south of Salt Lake City, a distance of forty-five to fifty EARLY COMMERCIAL VENTURES. 163- miles to be ground. This waste of time and labor was a great draw back to the young settlement; so the building and running of Farr's saw and grist-mills were esteemed by the settlers a public good. In the same summer and fall that Lorin Farr built his mills, Daniel Birch built a saw-mill on the Weber river where afterwards stood the flouring-mill of President John Taylor; and he also built a grist-mill at the same place. Mr. Birch took the waters out of the river a mile or two above at a great expense. Mr. Farr and Hubbard, who were partners in the mills, took out the waters of the Ogden River at a point south-east of where they were located to run the Farr and Hubbard mills, which stream formed what is now known as Mill Creek, from which many thousand acres of land are now irrigated. In 1862, Lorin Farr built his new grist-mill east of the State road, south of Ogden Bridge. The capacity of this mill was a hundred barrels of flour per day. It cost upwards of $30,000. To run this mill he took out the water of the Ogden River half a mile above at a heavy cost, the dam being built on a bed of sand. The dam and race cost over $10,000, making the total cost over $40,000. Before 1863 there was no regular commerce in Ogden. Rich- ard Ballantyne in 1861, kept a little store in the Ogden House where was afterwards built the bank of Guthrie, Dooley & Co., now known as the Utah ISTational Bank. He was "called on a mission," sold out, and the only business that was done for some time there- after was in a small room in the Tithing Office. JSTear the year 1863 — which year properly dates the beginning of the commerce of Weber County — Jonathan Browning, who owned a half-block on the west side of the present Main Street, sold a portion of land for the erection of stores, and also himself built. Mr. James Horrocks purchased a piece of the Browning lots and put up a store. Shortly after, Arthur Stayner built alongside of him, but before the com- pletion of his store Stayner sold out to Bishop West, who com- menced and did a thriving business. About the same time William Pidcock and Samuel Horrocks also commenced. About this date William Jennings established a branch house of his business in Ogden, in a building owned by Bishop Clarke's widow. From this point dates the regular commercial period of Ogden, Jennings being the first merchant proper to engage in the commerce of the city, but after that N. S. Ransohoff, the once influ- ential Jew merchant of Utah, started a branch house in Ogden, with Henry Tribe as manager. Mr. Jennings, however, did not continue long in Ogden business but sold out to Bishop Chauncey West. In the fall of 1866 David H. Peery moved to Ogden. In the spring of 1867 Peery was employed by Bishop West as clerk in his store. Soon thereafter he sold a farm in Virginia for $10,000, besides getting several thousand dollars in collection of debts there, which enabled him, in connection with Lester J. Herri ck, to buy out Bishop West's store. There was now capital among the local merchant's of Ogden and first-class business experience, Peery hav- 164 tullidgb's histories. in 2: been, before the war, a very successful Southern merchant. In 1868, Peery and Herrick sold out to the newly established Z. C. M. I., of which institution Mr. Peery became manager. Shortly after, business calling Peery to Virginia, S. P. Teasdel, Esq., was appointed superintendent. After a period of about six months, the gentleman returned to Salt Lake City and commenced business. D. H. Peery returned to the position of manager, which he retained until 1875. In the summer of 1866 Mr. Kiesel brought a stock of goods to Ogden, at which date began his connection with this place, now known as the Railroad Junction City, but which was then nothing more than a principal settlement of an agricultural county. The first stock of his Ogden trade he, strange to say, sold to the original Co-operative store started in Utah. This Ogden co-operative store preceded any other of the kind in the Territory ; and it may be considered as a sort of commercial forerunner of Z. C. M. I. pro- per, which was organized years afterwards. The principals of that primitive " Co-op" consisted of McCoy, Job Pingree, Richard White, "old man Baker," Riter, " Bob" Wilson, and others. These purchased the stock of goods in question. In the winter of 1866, Mr. Kiesel followed up with another stock of goods brought to Ogden, which belonged to Gilbert & Sons, whose names must be classed among the Ogden merchants of that period. In 1866, Mr. Farr established a store on Main Street, south of Fourth Street, having bought out an extensive stock of goods of Morse and Woolcot of Salt Lake City, for which he paid |30,000. This was the largest stock of goods put into the Ogden market up to that date. About the same time Chauncey W. West and Joseph A. Young started the mercantile firm of West & Young. This year West and Young also built a la;rge rock grist-mill one half mile north of Ogden Bridge. This mill was afterwards sold to David H. Peery. In 1867, Randall, Pugsley, Farr and Neil built a woolen factory near the mouth of Ogden Canyon, of rock, at a cost of $60,000. This was the first woolen mill north of Salt Lake City. They manufactured blankets, flannels, linseys, jeans and other domestic goods, under the management of A. Randall. ADVENT OF THE KAILUOADS. The great event of the year, 1868, to the people of this Ter- ritory, especially of Salt Lake and Weber Counties, was the build- ing of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads. The people of Weber County, occupying a central place, did much of the rail- road work and were alive with the railroad interests. On the third of March, 1869, the first locomotive steamed into Ogden. At 11 o'clock A. m. the U. P. R. R. track-layers hove in sight of the city, and from that time continued their march with great rapidity. The citizens testified the liveliest joy, as, from the EAILROAD CONNECTIONS. 165 highblufls and every commanding elevation, they feasted their eyes and ears with the sight and sound of the long expected and anxiously looked for fiery steed. Onward and still onward they came, and thousands and thousands of our citizens, both from here and the adjoining settlements, decked in their holiday attire, gave a hearty welcome to the advent of the nation's great highway into this city. At four o'clock a public stand was erected alongside the track. At five o'clock a procession was formed under the direction of the committee of arangements, which consisted of the mayor, members of the city council, the various schools, under the superintendence of their respective teachers, headed by the band, bearing banners, with numerous appropriate mottoes, among which the following was conspicuous: "Hail to the Highway of l^ations! Utah bids you Welcome!" Pedestrians, equestrians, and crowded vehicles now thronged the festive scene. Wadsworth's artillery having arrived, a salute of twenty-one guns was fired, whose deafening echoes vibrated through the mountains, hills, and vales. At half-past five o'clock the rails were laid to a point in a line with the Tithing Oflice street, five blocks north into the city. On the stand were Hons. F. D. Richards, L. Farr, Colonels D. Gamble, W. Thomson, Captain William Clayton, F. 8. Richards, Joseph Hall, Gilbert Belknap, J. McGaw, Esqrs., Col. J. C. Little, D. B. Warren, and others who were invited, but whose names we did not learn. The vast audience being called to order by Hon. Lorin Farr, (mayor of Ogden City,) Hon. F. D. Richards was introduced, who aelivered an eloquent and soul-stirring address. Three cheers for the great highway were then proposed and given, when the wildest enthusiasm and demonstrations of joy prevailed, and loud shouts rent the air. Amid the alternate peal- ings of the artillery's thunder, the music of the band, and the long- continued shrill whistling of the three engines, the waving of hats, kerchiefs, and other demonstrations of pleasure, rendered the occasion such as will not soon be forgotten by those present. Addresses were also delivered by Hon. L. Farr, Colonel J. C. Little, Major Blair and A. Miner, Esq. In the month of May, Ogden was represented at the connect- tion of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific roads at the Promon- tory by F. D. Richards, Lester J. Herrick, Lorin Farr and other representative men of this city. Besides these two national highways following the course of the setting sun, we have two roads of more local, but still consider- able importance. The first is the Utah Central, connecting Ogden with Salt Lake, thirty-nine miles. On the 17th of May, 1869, near the Weber river, the ground was first broken for this road, a creation of Brigham Young. 166 tullidge's histories. There were present on the occasion, the First Presidency, the officers of the company, Brigham Young, president; W. Jennings, vice-president; John W. Young, secretary; D. II. Wells, treasurer; Jessie W. Fox, chief engineer; B. Young, W. Jennings, F. Little, C. Layton, and D. li. Wells, directors. , Also Elders John Taylor, E. T. Benson, F. D. Richards, B. Young, Jr., President L. Farr, Bishop West, and a large concourse of people. President G-eorge A. Smith dedicated the ground for the road by prayer. The President then removed the first sod, and was followed by Presi- dents George A. Smith and D. H. Wells, W. Jennings, Esq., and citizens. The road was completed and opened for travel January 12th, 1870. In an article on "Our Home Line," the editor notes: "The life, bustle and animation which pervade the junction of the three railroad lines, are evidences of how rapidly Ogden has grown in a short time, and tell of a prosperous and prominent future." On Monday, 10th of January, the last rail of the Utah Central was laid, and the last spike driven by President Brigham Young at the terminus. Salt Lake City, and the people of the two chief cities of Utah rejoiced together. Ogden was well represented on this auspicious occasion. A special train from this city started for the end of the track, at 10: 30 a. m., bearing the presiding ecclesias- tical and civil authorities, as well as many other prominent citizens of this place, who, with the Union Pacific and Central Pacific ofiicials, had been invited to attend the celebration. An excursion train followed immediately after, also loaded with a great number of Ogdenites. In May several trains conveying excursion parties came up from Salt Lake City. On the 28th, the Boston Board of Trade excursion party arrived in the first through train from the Atlantic to the Pacific. OGDEN FIRST AS A COMMERCIAL CITY. Commercially speaking, Ogden is to be preferred to any city in Utah. She is second to Salt Lake City in her population, but first in her commercial character and enterprise. Indeed, her com- mercial history stands out nonpareil, and in its salient points this is not only interesting but unique. Just as we might understand its type character in its name — the Junction Railway City of these inter-mountain Territories— so we might understand its character as commercially corresponding thereunto; that is to say, it is the Junction City of the west in every respect. Ogden is also unique in its composite population, its genuine, warm-hearted fusion among the business and commercial men, its quick mercantile impulses, the broad aims and purposes of its chief men in trade and com- merce, who, not content with a mere local or even a territorial trade, stretch out their arms to grasp a reciprocal trade relation JOURNALISTIC VENTURES. 167 "with the whole United States east and west. A few points of his- torical reminiscence will be both instructive and pertinent. Ogden City before ,1868-69 was what in American character parlance we call a one-horse town. Salt Lakers contemptuously spoke of her site as Ogden Hole; and her grade as a city, of course, sulfered from the significance. " The city of Ogden was buried in a hole," and Salt Lakers, perhaps sensing betimes the certain rival destiny between Ogden and Salt Lake City, were enviously prone to stigmatize with the name " Ogden Hole " one of the most notable places on our Territorial map. But with the advent of the railroads — the U. P. and the C. P. meeting simultaneously at this junction point in their march across the continent — the character of Ogden became instantly and almost entirely changed. She was now the junction city, with a promising future and a decided destiny. !N"o man saw this so quickly as Brigham Young, nor more keenly sensed the call to a mission in the aflairs of the great west which Ogden was receiving. Prompted by this faith in the destiny of Ogden as a iirst-class city of the future, and in the important part which she must play in the busi- ness and commercial activities of these inter-mountain and coast countries, and withal pardonably desirous for the community of which he was the leader to retain their dominance in the northern part of Utah, he had Mr. T. B. H. Stenhouse go to Ogden to pub- lish his Daily Telegraph, leaving it of course to its proprietor's option to change its name entirely or simply from the Salt Lake to the Ogden Daily Telegraph. Stenhouse, though a natural journalist, had not the natural instincts of a colonizer, as Brigham Young had, nor could he sense with Brigham's almost unerring intuition the migration of people towards a given point, and the impulses of trade growing directly and indirectly therefrom; but he imagined that Brigham Young with a ruthlegs absolutism of will designed to sequester him and his paper from Salt Lake City to Ogden, to leave the entire journalistic field to the Deseret News and George Q. Can- non, its editor. Such was the charge of both Mr. Stenhouse and his wife against President Young: but the reasons that Brigham gave our lamented friend, the journalist, at the time he gave him a journalistic mission to Ogden, was that Ogden was destined to be a great city in the future; that he, Brigham, wanted him at Ogden to " hold the fort," and that Stenhouse, who had a wide reputation throughout America and journalistic contact with hundreds of editors east and west with whom he was personally acquainted, could do more for Utah and his own enterprise by removing to Ogden than he could by remaining in the capital and continuing the publication of the Salt Lake Daily Telegraph. In fine. President Brigham Young believed that Ogden was going to be a great city -of the west, in some respects foremost and to be preferred to Salt Lake City, while T. B. H. Stenhouse had not at that time come up to that view nor sensed the destiny of Ogden, as he would today -were he living and an active journalist in our midst. 168 tullidge's histories. OGDBN JOURNALISM. "Without leaving the main subject of Ogden as destined to rank first in Utah as a commercial, business and manufacturing city, we may take a few passing notes of the early history of Ogden jour- nalism. Stenhouse having resolved to remove to Ogden, yet not to resign his hold on Salt Lake journalism, decided that the first num- ber of the Ogden Daily Telegraph should be published the morning after the laying of the last rail on the Promontory, and that it should contain a full account of the proceedings. Early in May, 1869, Stenhouse shipped presses and type by wagon. T. Gr. Odell, a printer of first-class repute who had worked on the London Times, was engaged as foreman, and he arranged the type and fixed up things, preparing for the arrival of the managers. The build- ing in which the Ogden Telegraph was to be published was the old Seventies' Hall. On the morning of the 8th, Webber, Jacques and Stenhouse went up to Ogden from Salt Lake City in the stage. On the day of the laying of the last rail on the Promontory, Stenhouse was there to greet, at the celebration of the grand meeting of the U. P. and C. P. railroads, his brother correspondents from the east and the west ;^forT. B. H. Stenhouse, notwithstanding he was a Mormon, was one of the fraternity that Fred Hudson matured and the elder Bennett " bossed." Meantime, "Webber and Jacques got the outside of the first number of the Ogden Telegraph up, and everything was waiting for the return of Stenhouse from the Promontory with his editorial notes on the laying of the last rail. The senior editor came in late at night; he was worn out with the events and bustle of the day; he begged off; Webber and Jacques stopped up all night, made a good article from Stenhouse's notes and published next morning a splendid paper, which was No. 1 of Ogden jour- nalism. The Telegraph ran several months and was then returned to Salt Lake City. Meantime, Jacques was sent to England on a mission to publish the Millennial Star, and Colonel T. G. "Webber was called into Z. C. M. I. Thus ended the history proper of the Daily Telegraph as well in Salt Lake City as in Ogden. Soon after the suspension of the Ogden Daily Telegraph the Ogden Junction was started under the auspices of Apostle F. D. Richards and a joint stock company consisting of the leading men of Ogden City. A few brethren plubbed together a hundred dollars each. Afterwards a company was formed and incorporated. F. D. Richards was its first editor. It began existence on Saturday morning, January Ist, 1870, as a semi-weekly, publishing days being every "Wednesday and Saturday. In his salutatory the editor said, "In our opinion the time has come when the best interests of all concerned require the publication of a paper in Ogden, not par- ticularly a religious, political or scientific paper, but such a one as shall best serve the interests of our city, county and territory, to give the latest news, to advertise business, and to represent our- SECOND COMMERCIAL PERIOD. 169 selves instead of being represented by others. * * While our town has become the junction for public sentiment." CHAPTER II. Second Commercial Period. In 1868-69, the commerce of the Territory both north and south, as well as in Salt Lake City, was reconstructed by the organi- zation of Z. C. M. I. This for awhile suspended the individual firms of Ogden ; but the advent of the railroads and the removal of the merchants of Corinne to Ogden restored the regular order of commerce and in due time developed into a first-class commer- cial city. (For the special history of Ogden branch of Z. C. M. I. see another chapter on commercial houses.) OGDEN ABSORBS CORINNE. For awhile after the advent of the railroad it was thought by many that Corinne would become the chief commercial city of northern Utah, notwithstanding that Ogden had been chosen as the railway junction city. It was claimed that Corinne was geo- graphically the best distributing point. At the outset all the mer- chandise that passed by team into Montana and Idaho went from Corinne, and it was also the point from which the produce of this Territory was exported. ISTor should it be forgotten that these enterprising Gentiles who founded Corinne were the first legitimate exporters of Utah, and perhaps no city on the Pacific slope could show a class of more representative men than those who were identified with that now absorbed city which for a while stood in rivalry to Ogden. They were nearly all of them men of commerce and business generally. Some of them had followed the track of the railroad during its construction from the eastern frontiers to the junction point of the two great railroads that were about to unite the Atlantic and Pacific States. On the route they had founded cities periodically, pulling up their stakes and transporting them as often to keep pace with the ever-shifting terminus. These were men of indomitable business energy, ambition and push. Indeed many of them had been in the war, served for some years, some on the side of the North, some on the side of the South. Nearly all of this class had also been officers in the army, quite a fair propor- tion of them having ranked as captains, majors, colonels, and several as generals. These men, just out of the war service which 12 170 ttjllidge's histories. they had entered— some of them ere they had reached the age of manhood — were coming west to begin their individual lives and lay the foundation of their business fortunes, and these were to be met by others who had long been identified with the growth and enterprises of the western States and Territories. Such was the class of men who settled at first at Corinne and established what was then styled the Gentile city of Utah. The illusion, however, soon passed away, and these sagacious minds became convinced that no business energy or enterprise could take from Ogden its destiny as the Emporium of JSTorthern Utah. Hence they removed their business houses from Corinne to the Junction City ; so that it may be now said of the business and commercial element of Ogden they are picked men, first-class in every respect, more especially as touching their executive capacity, commercial enterprise and untiring energy. FUSION BETWEEN THE MORMON AND GENTILE MERCHANTS. The merchants of Corinne having removed to Ogden, with admirable sagacity dropped their distinctive character as Gentiles and put on the more sensible and proper character as citizens of O^den. In this they set an example worthy the adoption of every intelligent citizen of Utah, and in time their example had its influence on other principal towns of Utah ; this indeed is the meaning of the later fusion of the business men of Utah and the formation of the Chambers of Commerce of Ogden, Salt Lake and Provo. Since the removal of the Corinne merchants to Ogden, both sections — Mormon and Gentile — have lived in fair accord as citizens of one commonwealth ; and considering the gulf that previously divided these sections, which a quarter of a century's irritating con- flict had made, in seeming, almost as impassable as the chasm which of yore divided the North and South, the bridge which the good sense of the Ogden business men erected between them was admirably constructed for their mutual advantage, and their fusion in a short time is really wonderful. But the best interests of their town and the vigor and prosperity of its commercial life was the common aim of every healthy minded citizen of Ogden. Indeed in some cases Mormon and Gentile have gone into busi- ness together, forming one partnership : instance the old part- nership that was sustained for a number of years between William Vandyke and L. B. Adams, who began the first export trade of Ogden with the surrounding States and Territories. In passing along Main Street, Fourth Street and Fifth Street, the visitor from Salt Lake quickly observed the neighborly feeling and communion that existed between the Ogden merchants and business men, and noticed it more perhaps because such was not the case in Salt Lake City as a general rule, for at the capital the demarkation of Mormon and Gentile merchants had been very irritatingly main- oqden's advantages. 171 tained. _ And thus at length this growing fraternal feeling and mutual interest in the welfare of their city brought into existence the CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. Though it would be neither proper in this article, nor interest- ing to give a lengthy record of the organization and doings of the Chamber, a few salient points may be noted in passing. " The Ogden Chamber of Commerce," says its secretary, "was organized in April, 1887, for the purpose of advancing the general prosperity of the varied interests of the Territory, and especially of the city of Ogden and vicinity, and to promote efficient, honest and economical government. " The necessity for such an organization was so apparent that within one week from the preliminary meeting one hundred mem- bers were enrolled, comprising a large majority of the wealth, intelligence and commercial interests of the city. "By broad and liberal methods the executive officers dissemi- nated reliable information concerning the natural resources and manifold attractions of Ogden, and their energetic and industrious labors have resulted in the pecuniary advantage, not only to resi- dents, but to those attracted by the unparalleled advantages offered in the way of investment, residences, etc. " Encouraged by past successes the Chamber will, with un- flagging interest and renewed zeal, continue the important work of making known throughout the length and breadth of the country the special advantages of Ogden, as a manufacturing, shipping and distributing point, and will be pleased to answer inquiries, especially from intending visitors, concerning the opportunities for profitable investment in the way of manufactures, building sites, wool and cattle interests, railroads, mines, agriculture and fruit raising, the population, unrivalled climate and scenery, and the demand for, and consumption of different articles and supply of the same. " The Chamber feels satisfied that no other part of the country can offer greater inducements in any of the above mentioned mat- ters than this great railroad center, the Junction City of the "West." Since the organization of the Ogden Chamber of Commerce, Salt Lake City, following the example set by her progressive and intuitive neighbor — the Junction City — has also organized a Cham- ber of Commerce and inaugurated a vigorous boom, sending to the Eastern States an advertising car to exhibit the resources of Utah, and also distribute tens of thousands of pamphlets illustrated. The object is to set forth the many inducements that Utah presents for the investment of foreign and domestic capital and for a large incoming population, which in a few years with the wonderful, aye, unparalleled resources of this country must make Utah in the near future one of the most famed States in the American Union. The responsible character of the men who compose the Salt Lake Chamber joined with that of the men who form the Ogden Cham- 172 tullidgb's histories. ber may be relied upon as a fair and sufficient guarantee that all which they set forth and promise will be realized. Ogden may justly boast that she organized the first Chamber of Commerce in Utah, and while it would not be fair to take a feather from the plume of the Salt Lake Board of Trade who have formed their Chamber and inaugurated their monuments, because the times and the circumstances justified and called their efforts forth, still it is true that Ogden was in the advance and that her southern neighbors — Salt Lake and Provo— had the example of the success of her commercial fusion on which to predicate the happy results and potency of their later organization and well arranged business movements. The first president of the Ogden Chamber of Commerce was .ex-Mayor David Peery. The present board is as follows : Officers:— P. H. Emerson, President; H. S. Young, Vice- President; L. B. Adams, 2nd Vice-President; J. H. Knauss, Sec- retary; 0. E. Hill, Treasurer. Directors : — P. H. Emerson, H. S. Young, L. B. Adams, J. C. Armstrong, S. M. Preshaw, John Watson, V. M. C. Silva, David Kay, Sidney Stevens, H. M. Bond, H. L. Griffin, Joseph Brinker, James Mack. CHAPTER III. Ogden City To-day. Plaving given chapters of the early history of Ogden — which will doubtless interest our readers from the fact that Ogden is the third city established west of the Missouri river, they ranking thus, San Francisco, Salt Lake City and Ogden — we leave the historical line and treat of Ogden City as it is to-day. The poetical Professor Hsefeli writes with pardonable warmth : " What Provo is to the south, and Salt Lake City to the center of Utah Territory, Ogden City is to the north. Indeed, the ' Junc- tion City ' has a future almost certain to put in the shade that of any of her sister cities ; she is likely to become the Chicago enmin- iatwre of the inter-moantain region. Nature and man alike have contrived and contributed to make her the ' hub ' of the Great Salt Lake Basin. Salt Lake City may — and most likely will — remain the political capital of the future State of Deseret and the religious Mecca of the Latter-day Saints, but Ogden City will eventually become the central node of the trade and commerce, the gathering focus of the agricultural and metallurgical enterprise of the vast A PEACEFUL LOCATION. 173 domain between the gorges of the Rocky Mountains and the snow- capped fastnesses of the Sierra IS'evada. "Nestling close under the western shadows of the majestic Wasatch range, flanked by the meandering courses of Ogden and Weber rivers, Ogden, the county seat of Weber County, is situated like most towns and cities in Utah. Ogden is laid out in blocks forty rods square, separated by streets six rods wide which, all over town except in the business center, are shaded by trees which transform the streets into lovely adumbrated promenades in sum- mer. The townsite proper measures three and one-half miles from north to south, and three miles from east to west, while the city itself extends fourteen blocks (about two miles) from east to west, and a little less in the direction of the meridian. The altitude of Ogden is 4,340 feet above the sea level, giving the city a healthy climate and pure atmosphere, while the snow-fed streams from the rugged mountain bosom are able to furnish an abundant supply of the other chief ingredient of physical well-being, water." Describing the city as it appears to the writer at that most charming period of the year in our inter-mountain country — between the opening of spring and summer — Professor Hsefeli says: "Just at this season when the fertile bosom of Mother Earth begins to heave under the generous kisses of vernal Sol and the warm breath of spring, and the tiny shoots of grass give the ground a verdurous tinge ; when the winged singers on the once snow-laden boughs carol forth their rejoicings over the sprouting of blossom- promising buds and the breaking forth of timorous leaves, then indeed Ogden offers a fine sight, as you view the lower western part from the bluff (" Bench ") which rises in a smooth acclivity towards the east. Your back toward the still snow-clad mountain fastnesses, you send your glances over a beautiful and fruitful country, rich in farms and fields, gardens and orchards, dotted with thriving settlements all- over, as far as the alkaline shores of America's Dead Sea, whose wide and placid expanse glitters with silent sheen at the foot of hazy hills, and under the azure canopy ot a cloudless sky. And nearer to you, just under your feet, your eyes wander with satisfaction over the peaceful homes of a population of 7,000 people, whose neat cottages and stately residences, well kept gardens and fruitful orchards betoken ease and prosperity, progress and happiness. Neither are all the buildings humble cottages, or lowly huts, 'dug-outs,' lumber shanties or adobe houses, as they were two decades ago. Many three-story brick buildings of com- manding dimensions tower over their less pretentious neighbors, and numerous church spires point heavenward, while two proud educational structures — the Sacred Heart Academy and the Central School, the latter Utah's finest school edifice — captivate the roving eye, and give irrefutable evidence of the public spirit of Ogden City and her appreciation of the sacred cause of education. "And this idyllic picture is supplemented in the spirit of the nineteenth century by the shrill whistles and black smoke pillars o K. o 1— I M o o o 176 TULLIDfiB'S HISTORIES. arising from the western confines of the city, where many iron horses are stabled," a t.-^. j. n In 1882 Offden put on quite a new appearance. Architecturally, in some of its features, it rivalled Salt Lake City. The Broom Hotel rose on the corner where there had been so long a little row of shops which gave an insignificant appearance to the business Z C. M I., OGDEN. part of the city, but where stands now the finest hotel between Omaha and San Francisco. A number of other buildings of imposing pretensions were erected on Main and Fourth Streets. During the spring and summer the busy workmen gave life and bustle to these streets, and Ogden in a twelvemonth seemed to advance a decade. VIEWS OF OGDEN. 177 The Broom Hotel was opened on January 15th, "J 883, by Mr. A. J). Shakespeare, under whose management it was conducted for several years; it was afterwards under the personal direction of Mr. Broom himself, and it is at this writing under the management and proprietorship of Judge Gibbons. Mr. Broom, however, is still the owner of this grand hotel which bears his name. The house p o O 5. o o I-) H S 15 o has become popular and is well patronized by city residents and the traveling public. Our first engraving of views of Ogden City is the Broom Hotel. The second is a view of Main Street looking north from the Broom Hotel corner, well defined to the corner of the next block where stands' a fine building occupied by the Ogden branch of Z. 178 tullidge's histories. C. M. I. and the First National Bank. Our third view is_ of Z. C. M. I. itself, a description of which is given in a special article on the institution. CHAPTER IV. Educational and Keligious Institutions of Ogden. Sacred Heart Academy, under the direction of the Sisters of the Holy Cross, is situated in one of the finest localities of Ogden. The buildings are handsome and commodious, and in everyway well suited for educational purposes and contain special advantages for the physical health and comfort of the pupils. The salubrity of the fresh air and mountain breezes from the "Wasatch range, un- der whose shadows it stands, makes it a veritable sani- tarium. The found- ation of these build- ings was laid by Right Reverend BishopScanlan(then Father Scanlan), in 1878, and was for- mally opened the same year by a stafi of seven Sisters, with a roll call of forty pupils. The Sisters offer the advantage of a thorough educa- tion to young ladies entrusted to their care, sparing no pains to promote the best moral influence, as well as the health and happi- ness of their pupils, mens sana incorpore sano being one of their mottoes. As the hope of reward sweetens labor, crowns of honor, gold and silver medals and other premiums are among the many incentives made use of to foster study and lady-like deportment among the students. Pupils of all denominations are received, and whilst the utmost care is taken in the religious instruc- tion of the children of Catholic parents, there is no inter- SAORED HEAET ACADEMY. EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES. 179 ference with the religious opinions of those of a different belief, although for the sake of good discipline all are required to attend public and religious exercises. No won- der the fame of the Academy has spread far beyond Utah, and to-day there are seventeen Sisters actually engaged in the instruc- tion of sixty boarders from the Territories and States of the Pacific o o w o m kI ■< o Coast, and one hundred and thirty day pupils. The scholastic year is divided into two sessions of five months each. The first session commences on the first Monday in September and ends on the last of January. The second session com- mences on the first day of February and ends the latter part of June. Pupils are -received at all times during the year. The curriculum of studies comprises languages, music, painting, 180 , tullidge's histories. drawing, sewing plain and fancy, and in fact all the solid and orna- mental requirements which make the perfect lady. This institution is one of which Ogden is justly proud. When compared to buildings used for similar purposes in the Territory, it is a monumental edifice, erected to the honor of the progressive minds that conceived it and the generous puplic spirit of the men who furnished the means to execute the conception. At the same time no people deserve special praise for erecting good school houses. This is one of the great moral obligations that rests upon all civilized men. It is a duty, and they should only be com- mended for performing duty. The best and most attractive struc- tures of all communities should be their educational institutions : and as Ogden has performed this duty well, words of commendation are appropriate. The Central School, as its name indicates, is situated, geo- graphically and in the matter of population, very near the center of the rapidly growing city of Ogden. As a public school building it stands pre-eminently artistic in design and noble in structure. The building contains four large recitation rooms, two on each floor — the building being two stories, of brick — with wide halls between, and some five small rooms, one of which is used as a library, containing several hundred volumes, and others for recitation and other purposes. The seating capacity will accommodate four hundred pupils. The rooms are large, well seated, lighted and heated, with good ventilation ; and also supplied with maps, charts, globes, etc. At present the course of study comprehends four departments, Academic (two parts), G-rammar, and Intermediate. The course of instruction completes the advanced studies of the conatnon branches, and introduces higher studies when demanded. The present higher studies are rhetoric, mental and moral philosophy, civil government and political ethics, physiology, physical geography, book-keeping and general history. A normal class is also instructed in the theory of teaching. Vocal music is taught in all the departments. The immediate environments of the building cannot be sur- passed in the Territories. A large and commodious yard, well shaded, affording a fine ground for recreation, is in the rear, while the front is Ogden's pride, in the matter of lawns, with its beds of variegated flowers, making from early spring to the frosts of autumn, one of the loveliest spots in this charming city ; exercising a refining influence upon teacher and pupil, and causing the tourist as he passes to stop and admire. OGDEN ACADEMY. jSTot a more desirable location can be found in all the beautiful city of Ogden than was chosen by the Few West Education Com- mission, on the corner of Fifth and Spring streets, for Ogden SCHOOL OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD. 181 Academy. The building is of brick, two stories and basement. On the first floor are four large school rooms, with ample halls and cloakrooms; on the second floor, one school room, a library, and a hall with a seating capacity of over six hundred. All the rooms are arranged according to the most approved methods for school purposes. In the basement are the furnaces, a laboratory, rooms for gymnasium and other similar purposes. The heating and venti- lation have received careful attention, and are practically perfect. The course of study has been carefully prepared and includes those branches usually taught in Eastern academies, fitting pupils for college. Besides the academic department there is a graded course of study beginning with a primary class, and continuing through the intermediate and grammar grades. A kindergarten department will be organized when the funds of the society will permit. The teachers have all had long experience in Eastern schools, and bring to their work here ripe culture of years of suc- cessful school work. The aim of the Academy is to develop intellectual, moral and spiritual strength by means of a thorough and symmetrical educa- tion under Christian influences. The conduct of the pupils is the constant care of the teachers, who strive to inspire them with a true and noble ambition, and to flt them for the duties and responsibili- ties of mature years. Those who trust pupils to this institution may feel assured that no pains will be spared to train them to establish good characters. A boarding house for pupils will be opened whenever there is demand for it. Pupils wishing such accommodations will be under the immediate and constant care of the Faculty, who will provide for their comfort and good conduct, and will exercise a parental watchfulness over them. SCHOOL OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD. For the purpose of giving a Christian education to children of all denominations the present building was erected by the Episco- pal Church, and opened in the latter part of 1877. It is a brick structure of two stories, containing three class rooms, located on the corner of Young and Fourth streets. The school opened on the first Monday in last September with an enrollment of ninety- two pupils, which number has steadily increased until at present there are over one hundred and forty names on the books of the school. For the first term of four months there has been an aver- age attendance of over ninety per cent. The principal of the school has in several cases been compelled to refuse admission to new pupils from want of room, as the seating accommodations are now crowded to their utmost capacity consistent with health. The price of tuition in the Higher Department, which is taught by Prof A. C. ITewell, is $2 per month; of the Intermediate Department taught by Miss A. Sweet, |1.50 per month, and of the Primary Department, taught by Miss Mabel Cross, |1 per month. 182 ■ tullidgb's histories. These tuition rates are entirely inadequate to support the school, as the revenue obtained from these sources only covers fifty per cent, of the expenses. In order to be able to conduct the school as it should be conducted, the school is dependent on the donation of annual scholarships of $40, vs^hich are given by Sunday schools and generous individuals in the east vt^ho appreciate the sacredness and importance of this missionary vpork. The course of study pursued in the school is modeled closely after the courses of study adopted in the best eastern public schools, and all pupils before graduating can obtain a good High School education from " The School of the Good Shepherd." As proof of this it may be mentioned that one pupil recently matriculated at Yale, and another at St. Stephen College, New York, immediately after leaving this school. The keen interest taken by parents in the welfare of the school, and the ever increasing number of applications for admission are the best proofs of the school's success, and strenuous efforts will in the near future be put forth to accommodate all pupils who may wish to enjoy the privilege of attending the school. OGDBN SEMINARY. The Ogden Seminary, Methodist School, is at present in charge of L. M. Gillilan and wife. The school proper has two depart- ments, besides an industrial school and instrumental music. In the two departments everything from the rudiments to preparatory col- legiate studies, such as higher mathematics, Latin, Greek, element- ary science, etc., are taught. In the higher department special atten- tion is given always to the underlying principles of the subject under consideration ; familiar topics are discussed, and in all the principles of education, educo is followed and students drawn out instead of stuffed with facts such as are only intended for encyclo- pedias. Test examinations are held at the end of every term to give parents and guardians some idea of the students' progress. The strictest disciplinary tactics are practiced throughout the school. The school year is divided into four terms of ten weeks each. A short vacation is given at the end of each term and also the usual holiday vacation and legal days. Improvements on the school premises and new regulations in all have been inaugurated during the year and everything seems to be cared for and looked after. Improvements in attendance is also noticeable and now the teachers are enabled to report good and regular attendance. This school seems to be on a fair road toward a healthy institu- tion and it is hoped the patrons and people will give it the patron- age it justly merits. BAPTIST CHURCH. In the corner stone of the Baptist Church of Ogden is depos- ited the following brief history : "A brief history of the First Baptist Church of Ogden, Utah, THE BAPTIST CHURCH. 183 up to date of laying corner stone for new edifice, August 13th, 1882. The organization of the church was largely due to the efforts of Bro. H. A. Lindley, who secured the names of all Baptists resident in the city, and forwarded the same to the Baptist Home Mission Society at New York. Upon his representations and urgent solici- tation, Rev. Dwight Spencer of Fair Haven, Vermont, was sent to Ogden by the above named society in January, 1881. After labor- ing for some months with the few Baptists, it was deemed expedient to organize a church. This was done on Sunday, May 22nd, 1881, in a building known as Odd Fellows' Hall. The following named persons constituted thechureh as first organized : T. C. Chamberlin, Mary Chamberlin, Susan Ware, W. H. Ware, Joseph Severn, Elizabeth Severn, Heber C. Eeed, John S. Corlew, H. A. Lindley, Hattie Lindley, N. B. Sebree, Mrs. E. Felshaw, Mrs. V. Taylor. From date of organization to the present time there has been added, by baptism: Fanny Reed, Maggie Taylor, Mrs. E. L. Hartley, Mrs. Weaver, James Weaver, Joseph Drysdale and Ada Reed. It is worthy of note that the baptism of Miss Fanny Eeed by Rev. Dwight Spencer was the first administration of * * baptism by Baptists in the Territory of Utah. The following have been received on experience, C. S. Watson, Wm. Barry, George Rennick, Annie Barry : by letter, Mrs. Rixon and Mrs. Robinson. "In October, 1881, Rev. Dwight Spencer went to 'New York to raise funds for the erection of a house of worship. He returned in May, 1882. During his absence the church was under the care of Rev. Richard Hartley who was, in May, 1882, appointed by the American Baptist Home Mission Society, pastor of the church. Rev. Dwight Spencer having been appointed missionary of Utah and adjoining Territories. An efficient Sunday school, with H. A. Lindley as superintendent, has been maintained. All the services of the church are well attended, and a large measure of prosperity has been enjoyed in all its departments of labor. The sum of five thousand dollars was raised by Rev. Dwight Spencer in the east. This with an additional sum of two thousand raised in Ogden is now being expended in erection of church edifice. "The following are the officers of the church: Pastor, Rev. Richard Hartley; Clerk, IST. B. Sebree; Supt. of S. 8., H. A. Lind- ley; Deacons, Wm. H. Ware, H. A. Lindlej', Mr. Barry." Such, as is outlined in the above, is the beginning of Baptist work in Utah. The church succeeded in erecting a house of wor- ship as mentioned in the above document, locating it on the west side of Young street, between Third and Fourth streets. From the Ogden Daily Pilot of December 26th, 1882, is taken the follow- ing description : " The building is of brick, and is 50x45 feet. The style of architecture is Gothic, the openings having pointed arches and the circular window in front being made up in a series of diamonds radiating from a small circle in the center. The bodies of the windows are of figured glass with stained glass borders. 184 tullidgb's histories. The main entrance is through the tower at the north side of the building. This is built of brick to the height of forty-five feet, and is surmounted by a spire of thirty feet. The interior is neat and attractive. * * * Back of the pulpit is an open baptistry with a dressing room on each side. The choir platform is by the side of the pulpit. The seats are neatly cushioned, those on the side being placed at an angle so as to face the pulpit. * * * TJie seats will accommodate two hundred, and in addition to this there is room for one hundred and fifty chairs, which will be used for Sunday school purposes and, when needed, for preaching services." Both the laying of the corner stone and the dedicatory service were occasions of great interest, the latter taking place December 24th, 1882. Prom the time of Rev. Richard Hartley's settlement with the church to the time of his resignation in January, 1885, it continued to enjoy great prosperity and rapid increase, the original thirteen growing into a membership of about ninety during the little over three years of his ministry. The ill health of Mrs. Hartley com- pelled him to leave this his first and cherished work and to seek a more congenial clime. He is remembered with respect and love, both by the church and a large circle of friends without. During the interval between Mr. Hartley's resignation and the coming of "the next pastor the church was supplied by Rev. J. W. Price. On the 5th of June, 1885, under appointment of the Baptist Home Mission Society and at the call of the church, P. Barnett of Poultney, Vermont, arrived in Ogden to assume the pastorate of the church, and from that date to the present writing has been the regular pastor. During his pastorate thus far there has been added to the church thirty-four, and its membership now is one hundred and eight. It includes prominent men of business and integrity in the city and is a united and progressive body. The most conspicuous interest in its work is the Sunday school. Beginning with thirty scholars it has, under the superintendency of H. A. Lindley, its first and only leader, and his co-workers, grown to an average attendance of one hundred and forty, with a regular corps of teachers and officers numbering twenty-one. Connected with the church is a flourishing industrial school for girls and tem- perance school for boys, under the direction of lady missionaries appointed by the "Woman's Home Mission Society of Chicago. The names of the five of these young ladies who have been sent here are the following: Miss H. "Watson, Miss M. Allen, Miss C. Larsen, Miss E. F. Parsons and Miss Anna Oberg. The school is now entirely in the charge of Miss Oberg and numbers over one hundred and twenty-five. No small portion of the Sunday school's success is due to the efficient work of these ladies. The church has secured a parsonage lot adjoining the church on the north and it is expected will soon build a parsonage. The .articles of faith and church covenant are those generally adopted by the Baptist denomination. CHURCHES OF OGDEN. 185 METHODIST CHURCH. From a report given to the Methodist conference held in Salt Lake City in 1880, it appears that Rev. C. C. Nichols, a local preacher, who, as a railroad agent at Uintah, moved into the Terri- tory in September, 1869, amid his railroad duties intermingled mis- cellaneous missionary work. About the same time Rev. L. Har- sough preached in Ogden, Corinne, "Wasatch and Salt Lake City. Directed by Bishop Ames, superintendent of the Methodist mission in Utah, Rev. G. M. Peirce opened the Ogden mission with preach- ing in the passenger depot of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads, June 20th, 1870, and in the following September, A. M. Danley (local minister) was appointed to take charge of the Ogden branch of the Methodist church. Thus began the missions of the various denominations, which have now flourishing churches in Ogden City, beside the Mormon tabernacle. The following additional notes from the Rev. G. M. Peirce's conference report will be valuable as record : " Ogden. — First meeting by resident missionary, G. M. Peirce, in passenger depot, Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads, June 28, 1870. Ogden theater building hired for four weeks, for meetings, at $5 a Sabbath, September 22, 1870. When time expired, on October 11, Cordon's Hall engaged at $12 a month. The last of December, Leavitt's Hall was engaged at |18 a month. Hired present building owned by our society May, 1871 ; began meetings in this hall June 4th, 1871. Bought this property, with the concur- rent advice of Bishop Ames, September 29, 1871. Price, |1,700; the Church Extension Society paid |1,200 of this sum. A note was given for the balance by G. M. Peirce and 0. D. Teall for eight months. At the end of this time, Eliphalet and Philo Remington, Ilion, New York, with a slight assistance, lifted the principal of the note and freed the church from debt. " Ogden graded school started January 3, 1871, with one teacher and six scholars. At the close of the spring term, 1872, three teachers and ninety-five students." This church organization has now a membership of about one hundred and forty persons, while the attendance at the Sunday school numbers one hundred. The pastor of this church is the Rev. J. Wesley Hill, who assumed his duties in Ogden about one year ago. During the past few months the membership of his church has increased rapidly. The accommodations of the church edifice occupied by this society for a number of years having been found inadequate, consequently the property owned by the society on Washington Avenue, and which has a frontage of forty-four feet, was sold a short time ago for the sum of $12,000. With the proceeds another site for a new church was purchased. This site, which is one of the most desirable' for the purposes for which it will be used to be found in the city, is situated on Twenty-fourth 13 186 TULLIDffB'S HISTORIES. Street, between Washington and Adams Avenues. It is tlie inten- tion of the society to build a neat and commodious structure on it this year. The building will be 50x70 feet in size, and will accom- modate about eight hundred persons comfortably. Stone will be the principal material used in its construction. The basement will contain a room to be used for Sunday school purposes, and there will also be a kitchen and retiring rooms, etc. A neat little parson- age will also be erected at the rear and a little to one side of the church. In connection with the Methodist Church organization an admirable choir has just been organized. It is under the able lead- ership of Mrs. Griffin, a lady whose musical accomplishments are too well known to need further comment. The Ladies' Aid Society, in connection with the church, is presided over by Mrs. Skewes Preshaw, while a branch of the Young People's Christian League is presided over by A. E. Knuckey. The latter institution holds regular meetings Sunday afternoons, and a meeting at which literary exercises are rendered is held every Tuesday evening. In connection with the Methodist Church here it will be well to mention a few facts in regard to the proposed new Methodist uni- versity to be erected in Ogden. "When it was determined to build this educational institution in Utah, careful investigations were made by the committee in regard to the best place to locate the building. Ogden presented the greatest advantages and was suc- cessful in securing the prize. It is intended to commence work on this structure this season, so that a portion of it will be ready for occupancy by next spring. In this direction at least $50,000 will be expended by that time. The building will be located in the south- east part of the city, near the mountains. The site is an elevated one and commands a splendid view of the city and surrounding valley. THE PEBSBYTERIAN CHURCH. The First Presbyterian Church of Ogden is in a flourishing condition. This denomination is one of recent establishment in the Junction City, but descending from the old Scotch kirk it prop- erly claims rank with the superior "churches. At present the society in Ogden is but small. It occupies a neat little church edifice on the corner of Twenty-fourth Street and Lincoln Avenue. The membership of the church is about seventy and of the Sunday school about fifty. The present pastor is the Eev. Josiah McClain, who has carefully watched the interests of his church in Ogden since January, 1885. In connection with the Presbyterian Church there is a Ladies' Aid Society, which is doing a good work under the superintendency of Mrs. L. 0. Richardson. The Presbyterian Church, conscious of its growing mission in such a city as Ogden, has designed a fine edifice to be built this THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. 187 season, a cut of which was recently given in the Ogden Standard, illustrative of the future of this denomination in its booming city. The structure, when completed, will be one of the finest and most commodious edifices in the west, and the cost of it will be about $30,000. Its location is on the corner of Twenty-fifth Street and Adams Avenue. It will be 85x96 feet in size. Brick will be used in its construction, and the seating capacity will be eight hundred. This includes the accommodation which a superb gallery will afford. It is the intention of the trustees to construct in the building a mag- nificent organ; for this purpose the very best talent to be obtained will be employed. The building will be heated with hot air, the apparatus for this purpose being placed in the basement, where also will be located a kitchen. On the west side of the building a lec- ture room will be constructed to accommodate about two hundred persons. Suitable vestry rooms will be provided for the pastor. The plans for this building were prepared by Mr. G. A. d'Heme- court, architect, of this city. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. Next to the Mormon, the Catholic Church is the oldest in its establishment in these valleys. Its mission commenced in Salt Lake City, by Rev. Father Kelly in 1866, and in 1871, it built a neat structure in the Gothic style, at a cost of $10,000. In 1875, St. Joseph's Church, Ogden, was built on Fifth Street, between Young and Franklin Streets, Eev. Father Cushnahan became the rector. Under his pastoral charge the Catholic branch of Ogden assumed a character worthy the grand old Mother Church that -quarried Christian empires from barbaric states and races and brought civilization down through the ages. In 1878, the Sacred Heart Academy was founded under the direction of the Sisters of the Holy Cross, and the handsome, imposing edifice of the Sacred Heart Academy, the foundations of which were laid by Bishop .Scanlan, was one of the first architectural embellishments of Ogden City. Of St. Joseph's Church to-day the Ogden Standard says : "The number of Catholics in our growing and prosperous city is increasing to the extent that the pastor, the Rev. Father Cushna- han, in order to accommodate them all, has to celebrate two masses every Sunday; one at 8:30 a. m., and one at 10:30 a. m. The church is crowded at both services. The present church, which is situated on Twenty-fifth Street, between Grant and Lincoln Ave- nues, is to be supplaced by a new, handsome and commodious brick one. The site for the new church, on the corner of Twenty-fourth Street and Adams Avenue, the finest in the city, was purchased recently for the sum of $10,000. It is the intention to begin work on the structure as soon as satisfactory arrangements can be made. The building, when completed, will be one of the finest church edifices in the Territory, and something that our citizens, irrespec- tive of class or creed, may justly be proud of." 188 tullidgb's histories. the episcopal church. " The Episcopal Church in Ogden was organized in the year 1870, a Sunday school being inaugurated at the same time by the Eev. James Lee Gillogly, who was the first pastor. In the same year, also, a day school, ander the auspices of this religious organi- zation, was commenced, Mr. Mahlon IST. Gilbert, the present Assis- tant Bishop of Minnesota, being the first teacher. In the year 1874 the present church building, which is known as the Church of the Good Shepherd, was built, the site for it on the corner of Twenty- fourth Street and Grant Avenue having been secured three years previously. The church is a memorial of Mrs. Catherine L. Liv- ingstone, daughter of John W. Hammersley, Esq., of New York City, and cost $11,000. In 1881, the Rev. Mr. Gillogly died, and was succeeded by the Rev. S. Unsworth, who is rector at the pres- ent time. The communicants number one hundred and twenty, and a surplicedboy choir, composed, with one exception, of scholars from the school of the Good Shepherd, has just been introduced. There are four missions in the neighboring villages, all of which receive spiritual care from the Church of the Good Shepherd." THE EIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. " On January 4th, 1884, twelve persons united together and organized the First Congregational Church of Ogden, Utah. The Rev. H. E. Thayer at that time acted as pastor, and during his incumbency eleven more persons identified themselves with his church. In 1886, after getting the church started and well on the way to success, the Rev. Thayer resigned, and the Rev. A. J. Bailey, the present minister, came to take his place. The present church membership is forty-eight. A church edifice has been erected on Adams Avenue, near Twenty-fifth Street. The building is not quite completed on the outside, and it is not yet permanently seated. This will be done, however, in a short time. The cost of the church building and the lot is about |7,000. The property joins the ]^ew West Academy, the land being purchased jointly with that society that the work of the two societies might be as near together as possible. " The pastor of this church has maintained regular preaching services, in connection with the l^ew West school work, at Lynne, Hooper and Slaterville; but the work has grown to such propor- tions that an assistant has been found necessary, and the work at Hooper and Lynne is for the present under the care of the Rev. T. G. Lewis. A Ladies' Aid Society is maintained in connection with the church, which, besides doing much for the social development of the people, has rendered substantial financial aid to the church. Mrs. P. H. Emerson is president of this society. A large Sunday school is maintained. Dr. J. M. Armstrong being the superintendent. In addition, a society of Christian Endeavor is maintained among the young people. In all its departments of effort the church is in THE REFORM SCHOOL. 189 a prosperous condition. It grows with the growth of the city, and in many ways is accumulating influence as a religious institution." THE SWEDISH LUTHERAN CHURCH. "In October last the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Augustana Synod of North America commenced mission work in Ogden, Rev. F. A. Linder, of Colorado, being the appointed missionary. On the 2nd of January, a fine lot on the corner of Jefferson Avenue a,nd Twenty-third Street was purchased by the Church Extension Society of said synod for the purpose of building a church and a parsonage on it. The parsonage is under construction, and a neat and commodious chapel, with audience room, lecture room and class room, will be erected this summer. The meetings are now held at the Presbyterian church every Sunday afternoon. The mis- sion work has prospered greatly, and its promoters look for a bright future." THE MORMON CHURCH. The history of the organization of Weber County by the Mor- mon people forms the principal subject of the foregoing chapters; a few organic notes of the " Weber Stake," under the head of Ogden Churches will complete the classification. The first branch of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Weber County was organized March 5th, 1850, and named the Weber Branch. Lorin Farr was appointed president. On the following day it was organized as a ward and Isaac Clark was appointed bishop. Daniel Birch, teacher and Bryan W. JSTolan, clerk. As fast as settlements grew up in Weber County other wards were organized with bishops and their councils of elders, priests, teachers, deacons, high priests, seventies and high councils, which constituted the Stake over which Lorin Farr presided. Schools were also established throughout the county and efficient school trustees selected from time to time. On the 25th of October, 1863, the whole of Weber County was organized into one ecclesias- tical ward, though divided into districts with a president over each, and Chauncey W. West was appointed presiding bishop over all, while Lorin Farr retained his position as president of the Stake. Franklin D. Richards succeeded Farr. In 1877, David H. Peery was appointed president of the Stake : his counselors were Lester J. Herrick and Charles F. Middleton. Lewis W. Shurtliff" suc- ceeded Peery in 1883: his counselors were C. F. Middleton and I^. C. Flygare There are five ecclesiastical wards in Ogden : First Ward, B. C. Critchlow, bishop: Second Ward, Robert McQuarrie; Third Ward, Winslow Farr; Fourth Ward, Edwin Stratford; Fifth Ward, Thomas J. Stevens. TERRITORIAL REFORM SCHOOL. For some time past the people of the Territory of Utah have greatly felt the need of an institution for the correction and educa- 190 tullidge's histories. tion of juvenile offenders, but not until 1888 was any provision made for such an institution. During the Twenty-eighth session of the Legislative Assembly, an act was passed appropriating money for the erection of suitable buildings and providing trustees for the management of this institution, to be known as the Territorial Eeform School. Ogden City, the county seat of Weber County, being readily accessible from any part of the Territory on account of so many railways centering at this point, was chosen as the place for these buildings. Under the provisions of the act referred to for the construction of the reform school, the governor and secretary of the Territory, and the prosecuting attorneys of the counties of Salt Lake, Davis, Box Elder, Weber and Utah, and their successors in office, were constituted the trustees. On the 22nd of March, 1888, these several officers, at the call of the governor, met at Ogden City and qualified as trustees by filing bonds as required by law. On the following day an organization of the Board was effected. Gov- ernor Caleb W. West being elected President; Henry H. Eolapp,. of Ogden, Secretary ; Hyrum S. Young, of Ogden, Treasurer ; and William C. Hall, Secretary of the Territory; James H. Moyle, Prosecuting Attorney of Salt Lake County ; Joseph Barton, Pros- cuting Attorney of Davis County; Ricy H. Jones, Prosecuting Attorney of Box Elder County ; Charles C. Richards, Prosecuting Attorney of Weber County ; and Samuel R. Thurman, Prosecut- ing Attorney of Utah County, by virtue of their respective offices, being trustees. The first business of the Board was the selection of a suitable site for the proposed buildings. After much careful investigation, a tract of land which had been generously tendered to the trustees by the people of Ogden City, by and through the Mayor and city council, was accepted. This tract of land, which is situated within the corporate limits of the city and consisting of about thirty-five acres, was turned over to the trustees for the purpose mentioned for the sum of one dollar. At a later date, for the further sum of one dollar, additional tracts of land adjoining that already given, and consisting of three acres, were given for the same purpose. . The land was duly accepted by the trustees for the purposes of a reform school and grounds, the estimated value of the land at the time of the acceptance being about sixty thousand dollars. The trustees have since purchased additional land from private parties, making an aggregate qf over fifty acres of land surrounding the same. A committee composed of members of the Board of Trustees went east and visited all the notable institutions of a similar charac- ter to that which it was proposed to erect, in order to obtain information in regard to the class of buildings to erect, the manage- ment of the institution; and in regard to any facts which could be of any benefit to the Board m the performance of labors devolving upon them. Upon the committee's return, and the filing of their report and recommendations, steps were taken to procure suitable INTERNAL PLAN OP THE SCHOOL. 191 plans for such a building as the committee recommended. Several plans were in competition, among these were plans prepared and submitted by Messrs. Dallas & Hedges, architects of Salt Lake City ; these were accepted, being considered by the Board the most perfect in arrangement and appearance. The site is in the north-eastern part of the town and com- mands a splendid view of the whole city and surrounding valley. In the background are the Wasatch Mountains, with the beautiful Ogden Canyon, from which there is always, even during the warm- est period of the year, a most refreshing and healthful breeze. The building is approached from the corner of Twentieth Street and Monroe Avenue, through grounds beautifully laid out in lawns, drives and walks, trees, etc., dotted here and there. The structure is 142x60 feet, is 50 feet high to the square, the tower being 140 feet high. There are three stories, with attic and basement. Pass- ing through the entrance, which is fifteen feet wide and twelve feet high and constructed of grey stone, beautifully carved, with mas- sive columns, we are on the tiled floor of the lobby. Leaving the lobby, we come to the main hall, a spacious place, from whence access to any part of the building may be readily obtained. On the left of the hall are the general offices, fronting on the ornamental grounds to the south-west, and on the right the general reception room. Immediately in front of the main hall is a grand staircase constructed of Spanish cedar, with carved posts and balusters. This staircase runs up four steps to the stained glass window of the officers' dining room, and then branches to the right and to the left to the second floor. The officers' dining room, just mentioned, is a well appointed apartment with suitable pantries, closets etc. The building is divided into two parts for the accommodation of male and female inmates, the section for the males being in the south part of the building and that for females being in the north part. Each section is the counterpart of the other, therefore a description of one portion of the building gives an exact idea of the arrange- ment of the other. On the first floor, there is a school room with accommodations for fifty students; the room is well lighted and well ventilated and is pleasant in every particular. Rooms are also pro- vided for the officers of each family, these are located on each side of the general reception rooms and the superintendent's rooms. Passing up the stairs, one comes to the dormitories each of which will accommodate twenty-five inmates. The rooms are sufficiently large to give each occupant, if the rooms were full, fifty-four square feet of space. Across the hall from the dormitories and immedi- ately over the attendants' rooms, are bath-rooms for the attendants, also, on the second floor and over the dining room are bath-rooms for the officers and guests. On the third floor in the main building is the hospital ward with a well-lighted, well-ventilated, sick ward which can be thor- oughly isolated from the rest of the building, if necessary. 192 tullidae's histories. On the attic floor there is a spacious room which will be used as a lecture room or as a chapel. It is 40x60 feet in size. And on this same floor are rooms for the workmen and employes. Here also are the hot and cold water tanks, with a capacity of six hundred and one thousand gallons respectively. The building is fltted throughout with hot and cold water service, and the sanitary arrangements are the best that can be secured and the experience of similar institutions can suggest. Coming down from the attic to the basement we find the large plunge baths, 20x24 feet, and four feet deep. These are surrounded with steam coils for heating pur- poses and are so arranged that they can be plentifully supplied with hot and cold water. In the basement is the boiler from which steam for heating the building is generated. The whole of the arrange- ments on the interior are of the very best of convenience, and the proper carrying out of the objects for which the building is con- structed. Every inch of space is utilized for some purpose, and the building abounds with useful closets and cupboards. The interior certainly is conveniently arranged, the exterior is certainly imposing in appearance. The building contains in all two hundred and twenty windows. The location is favorable to fruit growing and farming. There is a plentiful supply of water, and by the careful attention which will be given to this department of the institution, it cannot fail to be a great success. i ' The total cost of this building will be about |50,000,00. The contractor is Mr. Joseph Jackson of Ogden City. Work was com- menced on the building in the early part of October, 1888. The whole of the work is under the careful supervision of Hon. Joseph Barton, who is one of the Trustees. The gentleman has been appointed as the Superintendent of Construction, and he has filled his position faithfully. The beautiful appearance of the grounds, even at this early period, is due much to this gentleman's persever- ance and energy. Under his direction, what was a short time ago almost a barren patch of sagebrush, is now transformed into a smiling and beautiful garden. There are three approaches to the building. The main approach as stated above, is situated on the corner of Twentieth Street and Monroe Avenue, the other two are at the north and east of this main approach respectively. This building is less than one mile from the business center of the city, and is a structure of which the citizens of Ogden are justly proud. Architecturally it is beautiful. For the purpose for which it is intended it is convenient. In location it is healthful. Its scenic attractions are superb. OGDEN POST OFFICE. The first post ofiice was established in 1852. Mr. Isaac Clark was appointed postmaster. The mails reached but once a month, THE POST OFFICE. 193 and were meagre in quantity. In 1854 Mr. Clark died and was succeeded in the office by the late James G. Browning. He con- tinued in the incumbency until 1856. During his administration the population increased, as also did mail matter and mail facilities. In that year he went out of office and General Chauncey W. West was appointed his successor. Mr. C. B. McGregor, Cols. Walter Thompson and Daniel Gamble were successively assistant post- masters to Mr. West, during whose incumbency the mails greatly multiplied, and the means of conveyance were much facilitated. General West continued in the office until the latter part of 1869. (He died in January, 1870.) During the above-named periods the post office in Ogden was only fourth-class, and the first postmaster only received from eight dollars to twelve dollars per annum. On the retirement of Mr. West, Mr. Isaac Moore was appointed post- master; the institution became a third-class office and the appoint- ment was by the President of the United States. In 1872 the office was reduced to that of fourth-class, with, of course, a cor- responding decrease in salary. In the summer of that year Mr. . Moore resigned, and on the 10th of August Mr. Joseph Hall was appointed postmaster by the Postmaster General. His assistant was his daughter, Miss Thirza A. Hall. Hon. Lorin Parr and Charles Woodmansee, Esq., became Mr. Hall's sureties. By Octo- ber of the same year the business and patronage of the office had increased so rapidly and to such an amount that Mr. Hall obtained a special re-adjustment, (the office was again raised to that of third class) and in December he was re-appointed by President U. S. Grant. On the 22nd of ISTovember, 1875, Mr. Hall retired and Neal J. Sharp entered on his duties as postmaster. He continued in office until the spring of 1877, when he was removed and Major L. B. Stephens was appointed in his stead. Miss Cora B. Stephens, his daughter, remained in the office as his assistant during his incum- bency. In September, 1879, he was removed and General Nathan Kimball was appointed postmaster, with Mr. Hall as deputy. Miss T. A. Hall, John S. Corlew and J. N. Kimball as clerks. The mail service had now become vastly extended, and the mails received at the Ogden office were immense. The registered matter was dis- tributed here through Utah, Idaho, Montana, Arizona, Wyoming, many parts of California, Nevada, and other places on the Pacific Coast. The office was enlarged, the force and the services were increased, and Ogden became one of the most important postoffices between New York and San Francisco. General Kimball continued in office until the 12th of February, 1883, when he retired. Mr. E. A. Littlefield was appointed post- master. His assistants were: Mr. John S. Corlew, deputy post- master, Miss Cora B. Stephens and Mr. W. H. Smith, clerks. January 24th, 1887, Mr. John G. Tyler succeeded Mr. Little- field, and continued the incumbency until June 17th, 1889, when he 194 tullidge's histories. was succeeded by the appointment, again, of General Nathan Kim- ball. The Money Order business of the Ogden office is very exten- sive, and orders can be sent to and received from Canada, Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, Algeria and other countries. THE MUNICIPALITY. Three capital events of the year 1889 in the history of Ogden have marked a new era for the Junction City. Those events are the opening of the grand City Hall, the February election, which gave the municipal government for awhile into the hands of the Liberal Party, and the opening of the Union Depot. First in the order was the dedication of the City Hall. The speeches made on the occasion partook of the character of brief historical reviews of the growth and progress of the city with an ingenuous touch, happily thrown in ever and anon, relative to the municipal aims and motives of the late administrations. For the salient points of the subject and the occasion the report from the Ogden Standard of Feb. 9th, 1889, is worthy embodiment in historical form. THE CITY HALL. "All day yesterday the citizens of Ogden feasted their eyes upon the new City Hall, erected in ten months at a cost of $50,000. All day a stream of people flocked to the grounds, the hall being thrown open to the public for the first time, preparatory to the dedication services to be held in the evening. "As evening approached an unusual bustle was noticeable on the streets, the good citizens of Ogden flocking from all parts of the city towards one center — the new City Hall. " Shortly after seven o'clock the Ogden Brass Band appeared in full force on the streets, dressed in their magnificent uniforms; and while the majority of the people sought the hall to make sure of a seat, a vast throng gathered on the streets, eager to hear the music proceeding from the twenty instruments manipulated by this band of bands. "A look into the new building revealed the fact that the large folding doors, dividing the north and south halls, had been thrown open,_ and both rooms were crowded by people to their utmost capacity. "On the stand were seated the members of the City Council, Prof. T. B. Lewis, Hon. C. C. Richards, Messrs. IST. C. Flygare, B. White, E. Stratford, F. J. Cannon, N". Tanner, Jr. and a number of the various officers of the city government. " The hall was brilliantly lighted by electricity and presented a most beautiful appearance. "Mayor Bccles arose and calling the assembly to order addressed them as follows: THE CITY HALL. 195 " ' Friends and fellow citizens, it is with pleasure that I wel- come you here on the occasion of the dedication of the most beau- tiful public building in Utah. Your representatives went to work unanimously to erect a better building for its representatives, full well seeing as they looked into the future, that the progress of the city demanded it. When the corner stone was laid with appropri- ate ceremonies some months ago, it was said that it was the first corner stone laid on any public building in Ogden City, but that before the year went out the corner stones of the new depot and Reform School would be laid. That prediction has come to pass. I bespeak for Ogden a glorious future. We have striven to per- form our duties in the past, and whatever party may occupy this place in the future they will find a clean record left by the present administration. E. H. ISTye, chaplain for the evening, pronounced the dedicatory prayer. "Prof Lewis was introduced by the mayor amid cheers. He said: '"The dedication of this building should call forth every citizen of this commonwealth without regard to party or creed.' "The speaker dwelt upon the growth of the city — from the log cabin to such a building as that in which his listeners were at that moment gathered. " 'It is not only in the City Hall,' the speaker said, 'but in the unity of a government that is marked the progress of a common- wealth. I long to see the day, when associated with the City Hall, in all its architectural beauty and nobility of structure, the dome of the college and university will rear its head heavenward to make our sons and daughters mightier. I long to see Ogden take that high and heavenward position where she will be second to no city in the whole west.' "Hon. C. C. Richards was next introduced by Mayor Eccles. "He said: 'We have come here to-night, not as politicians, nor as co-religionists, but as citizens and taxpayers, to dedicate and declare open to the public this magnificent building, which, it has been truly said, is the finest public building in the Territory. It is but proper that it should be so. It is the public talk. Everywhere it is spoken of and that Ogden is coming to the front. The best is therefore not too good for her. Without progress and energy she would be as nothing. " 'Ogden's growth, her progress and wealth demand at this time no less than such a structure as this. It is time we had it and just in time. Until eleven months ago no council had ever had power to construct such a building. They could not borrow money to perform such a work. What little they could borrow was obtained in a kind of homeopathic way and then they could not do anything but by the unanimous consent of the citizens which was impractic- able. The last Legislature authorized the City to borrow money and the sale of the bonds made possible the erection of such a build- 196 tullidge's histories. ing as this. The Council has taken the watchword given by the pro- gressive legislative body and at once constructed this building now rearing its lofty head on this main thoroughfare.' "The speaker then dwelt upon certain features of Ogden, which stamped her as a first-class city. In all her buildings she had no false front or rears. Every block had been built to stay. The citi- zens of Ogden had built so that posterity could follow their traces. "He further said: 'We have the grandest depot in the western country, the finest institution of its kind — the Reform School; our best streets; commerce and trade is the most progressive in the Terri- tory. Upon this square in its center the people of Ogden will need and will see a city hall in ten or twenty years that will cost, not $50,000 but 1200,000. The business will be adequate to require it. When people abroad see that we have confidence in our own future, this place will be chosen by them as the spot they wish to live and die upon, and thus in the next two years the advertising this hall will give the City will bring capital here that will pay the City more than it ever paid for this hall.' "Mayor Eccles, arising said: 'Ladies and gentlemen, permit me to introduce to you the oldest man in the Council, not in years but in municipal matters. He has sat the longest in the council chamber, a man who is a financier. I take pleasure in introducing Hon. John A. Boyle.' "Mr. Boyle arising said: 'I am glad to meet with you. The work we have done has been honest. This hall has been honestly reared. " 'In regard to public work we have our opinions. When it was decided that this building should be built every member went to work with a will and here is the result. I will say that whoever is elected mayor cannot help but feel proud at being elected mayor over such a City as Ogden. Her citizens are bright and progres- sive. When soliciting trade in the surrounding country we meet with a warm geeting 'because', they say 'we can depend upon you and your_ prices.' Salt Lake was a city when Ogden was a village, yet she is now ranking among the foremost cities in the West. Our mayor is an upright man and the incoming council upon searching his record will find it clean and that is something indeed to be proud of "The mayor then introduced Thomas T>. Dee. Mr. Dee upon arising said: 'It is with feelings of pride Hook around on this build- ing so well filled with the citizens of Ogden. It has been a source of gratification unto us to see this building completed and presented to our constituents. I wish to say that "the building we are in has been designed and executed by a boy, born and reared in Ogden. And when another hall is needed there shall be found in Ogden young men who will step forward and do the work. Inasmuch as the water cannot rise above the fountain head, so it is impos- - sible for the administration to rise above the desires of their con- THE POLITICAL STRUGGLE. 197 stituents, and it is to you that we are indebted for the support which has built this hall,'" THE POLITICAL BATTLE. Immediately after the dedication of the City Hall came the municipal election. John A. Boyle was the most available man the People's Party had to bear the standard in the important battle which was expected to decide so much of political affairs, not only of Ogden, but of Salt Lake City and the entire Territory, while Fred J. Kiesel was the Liberal Party's best man. Undoubtedly the leaders of both parties expected that the election would be carried for the Liberal side; and all equally realized that it would be the hardest political battle ever fought in Utah. The People's Party leaders showed great tact in the campaign, which was illustrated by the City Council dedicating the grand City Hall on the eve of the election ; and it was a happy insinuation of candidate Boyle that the outgoing council had built a municipal temple worthy of their rivals to sit in as public servants. The Liberals won ! The following is the list of the members of the present City Council and officers: Fred J. Kiesel, Mayor; Aldermen, Thos. Whalen, A. G-. Fell, H. T. Snyder, S. M. Preshaw, W. IST. Shilling. Councilors, W. H. Turner, Anderson, Frank Hurlburt, Chas. Corey, Geo. Douglas, Fred Zeimer, Wm. Chapman, H. L. Griffin, H. V. Blaisdell, C. R. Hank, J. W.McNutt, Recorder, James Cassin, Assessor and Collector, T. A. Perkins, City Engineer, Wm. Farrell, Superintendent of Water Works, J. A. Coolidge, Supervisor and J. W. Melcalf, Marshal. THE UNION DEPOT. The third grand event of the year — the opening of the Union Depot — took place on the 31st of July, 1889. Governor Thomas and the Utah Commissioners came up from Salt Lake City to cele- brate the occasion. S. M. Preshaw, president of the Ogden Cham- ber of Commerce gave the opening address. He said: "Ladies and Gentlemen — We are here to night to celebrate the opening to the public of this beautiful and commodious Union Passenger Depot, the finest building of its kind between the Mis- souri River and the Pacific Ocean. "After long years of anxious waiting we have at last secured the great prize and the people of Ogden are happy." Governor Thomas said : "The building of any depot is a credit to any city and especially when it is a union depot and is attribu- table to the force of energy common activity and pluck of the people where such a depot is built." Col Godfrey Chairman of the Utah Commission was called on for a speech. He said: "You have had many improvements in residences, schools and other buildings, but I am surprised to find such a building as this. I ask myself what has secured this ? Surely 198 tullidge's histories. the activity, energy and pluck of the people of Ogden. The rail- roads have not done it alone. * * Continue to build, to rear beautiful homes and work for the progress of your city as you have done and Ogden will be one of the greatest cities on the continent." Governor Robertson of the Utah Commission said: "In look- ing around this beautiful depot I wonder if our young men think of the growth and improvements of this country. When we were young on our schools hung maps which showed nothing but the Great American Desert beyond the river. The wise men said that travel could not be sustained across the desert. The iron horse found its way here preceded by hardy pioneers and to-day the Great American Desert does not exist. "To-day Utah stands as one of the brightest territories and it is because of the wave of civilization, and all who stand in the wa.j of that civilization will be crumbled to pieces. On this civilization vsdll come another and that the civilization of the 20th century and in that century is insured the future greatness of Utah." The company then retired to the spacious baggage room and indulged in the dance. At 1.20 a. m. the guests from Salt Lake returned by special train. OGDEN JOURNALISM RESUMED. After the suspension of the publication in Ogden of the Salt Lake Daily Telegraph, which had given offence to the Ogden people in consequence of its not having changed its name identi- fying it with the Junction City, Weber County was again without a newspaper which soon became intoterable. The Ogden Junction. — In December of 1869, the Ogden Junction Publishing Company was organized and on January 1st, 1870, the first number of the Semi- Weekly Ogden Junction was issued, with Hon. F. D. Richards, Editor, C. W. Penrose, Esq., Associate Editor, Mr. Joseph Hall, City Editor, and Mr. James McGaw, Business Manager of the new journal ; with also the same foreman and a number of the same com- positors that worked on the Telegraph. On the retirement of Mr. Richards, Mr. Penrose became the Editor-in-Chief. The Junction gained a large and extensive circulation in Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada, etc. In the month of September, 1872, the issuing of the Daily Junction was commenced. The Semi-Weekly was also con- tinued. In 1877, the company sold out the establishment to Mr. Richard Ballantyne. Mr. Penrose removed to Salt Lake City and became the Editor of the Deseret News, and Mr. S. A. Kenner was engaged as Editor of the Junction. THE FOUNDER OF NORTHERN JOURNALISM. The honor of this name belongs to Charles W. Penrose. No one will question this in the history of Utah journalism. A Bio- graphy of Editor Penrose will be found in Tullidge's History of Salt Lake City, from which the following passage is culled : "In January, 1870, he resigned his position in the Co-operative LIT BRAKY VENTURES. 199 Institution, bade adieu to Logan and took up his residence in Ogden, having been invited by Apostle F. D. Eichards to take editorial charge, under his supervision, of the Ogden Junction, vt^hich had just been started as a serai-weekly. This was an occupation for which he was peculiarly well fitted, not only by nature — which undoubtedly designed him for a journalist — but by education and experience; and the paper which he did so much to build up and render popular, and which lived and prospered as long as he was connected with it, will be long remembered for the interest and pointed vigor, the ' snap and ginger' of his pungent writings. He was assistant editor one year, and was then made editor-in-chief, and afterwards business manager as well. He started the Daily Junction in September, 1872, and much of the time was its editor, local, business manager, and traveling agent, and — to use his own terse expression — was 'worked half to death.' " Having previously become naturalized, he was elected, Febru- ary 13, 1871, a member of the Ogden City Council. He took active part in all the affairs and improvements of the municipality as long as he remained in Ogden, and he was re-elected to the council every term; his name was fouad on both tickets whenever there were two parties in the field. He served, in all, four terms, and before the expiration of the last one had removed to Salt Lake City." In 1878, Mr. Ballantyne sold the Junction to a company, who enlarged and made it a morning paper but subsequently changed it to an evening paper again. In March, 1880, Professor Leo Haefeli became the editor with Mr. George G. Taylor city editor. In February, 1881, the Junction was suspended. For several months the People's Party were without an organ to represent their inter- ests; but on the 2nd of May 1881, a company having been organ- ized the first number of the Ogden Daily Herald was issued with Mr. John Mcholson editor, Leo Haefeli city editor, Joseph Hall as agent and traveling correspondent and E. H. Anderson business manager. The paper bore the strong pronounced character of its chief editor. In October, 1881, Mr. Nicholson retired to take a position on the editorial staff of the Deseret News ; he was succeeded by Joseph Hall and Leo Haefeli, and these by Frank J. Cannon and Alfred W. Millgate. Meantime a number of Gentile papers had sprung up in Ogden, some of them of a very pronounced anti-Mormon character ; of these was first the paper started by Mrs. Freeman bearing her name. On the 1st of January, 1879, the Dispatch, a daily paper was started by the Dispatch Publishing Company; Mr. F. B. Millard was editor, and Charles L. King city editor. The Rustier succeeded it under the same management. The RustUr soon died. Early in March, 1881, the Ogden Daily Pilot was issued by E. A. Littlefield, formerly editor and proprietor of the Post, Elko, ITevada. These papers having fulfilled their mission, doing faithful service to the 200 tullidge's histories. cause of the Liberal Party of Ogden City, were suspended; but they have their successors : the first to be named is the Daily Union. The Daily Union is an evening journal, and was first issued in May, 1888. The editor-in-chief is Charles S. King; Leo Haefeli is on the staff', It is a strong anti-Mormon journal. The Ogden Argus is a semi-weekly journal. It was first issued May 23, 1888, by Percival J. Barrett and Leo Haefeli. It is devot- ed to mining, agriculture, railroad, legal, church and society news generally, and has little to say in politics. Mr. Barrett is the pres- ent editor and proprietor. The llaily Commercial is a new venture in the journalistic field. Its first number made its debut on April 4, 1889. It is a strong anti-Mormon paper, and professes to be the representative of the "Liberal" Party in the city of Ogden. In politics, it is Republi- can. A. B. Johnson is managing editor, and 0. A. Kennedy city editor. The crowning effort of Ogden journalism is the Standard. No sooner had Frank J. Cannon taken the editorial chair of the Ogden Herald than both sides were made to comprehend that a journalist had " risen in Israel," after the regular order of that independent, self-willed fraternity who have made the press the power of the age, above churches, governments, or political parties. Like your true journalist, Frank J. Cannon took the editorial sceptre, which belonged to him, and shaped a policy and created a typical charac- ter for his paper. Like a true journalist he began to "meddle" in public affairs and to "talk" to the City Fathers, the Chamber of Commerce and the leading men of Ogden generally, concerning the commonwealth, and what the citizens of both parties ought to do to accomplish the magnificent destiny which was before Ogden as a commercial and junction railroad city. The very character of such a paper required a new and typical name; so "the boy," evi- dently remembering his great father as the founder of the Western Standard, prevailed on his company to change the name of the Ogden Herald to the Ogden Standard. The last number of the Herald was issued December 31st, 1887, and the Standard succeeded it Jan. 1st, 1888, issued by the original publishing company, with a few other stockholders added. Already in has earned the place as one of the leading journals of the west. Rising above parties, political or religious, the distinctive policy of the Standard is — "■ All for Ogden;" its pronouncement — "first and last, and all the time"— is, "all for Ogden Olty and her grand des- tiny t" The present staff consists of Frank J. Cannon, editor, John Q. Cannon, associate editor, John V. Bluth, city editor, Alfred W. Millgate, business manager. zion's co-operative mercantile institution. 201 ZION'S CO-OPERATIVE MERCANTILE INSTITUTION. In the foregoing chapters on the commerce of Ogden City only a brief mention has been made of Zion's Co-operative Mer- cantile Institution, as a connecting link of the general history as we have passed along. But this institution of the Mormon community has such a peculiar and special importance in the commercial affairs of Ogden, that we must 'now devote to that institution a distinctive chapter. When Brigham Young saw the near approach of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads towards our borders, he not only engaged as a chief contractor in building those railroads, directing his leading men, such as John Sharp on the U. P. road, and Benson, Farr and West on the C. P., but he also un- dertook to re-construct the commercial affairs of the Territory. This latter movement of the Mormon President was absolutely necessary to preserve the people intact, and to keep in their own hands their commercial interests and business enterprises, and the money potency resulting therefrom. This had to be done or the community, which he and his compeers had brought to these valleys, and controlled, here, almost absolutely, for twenty years, were about to go into the hands of the merchant class, through the various changes — a social revolution, indeed, especially in the commerce of our Territory — which the advent of the rail- roads were certain to bring. In fine, the question of those times was, whether the Mormon people should still retain their semi- communistic power, which had characterized them from the beginning, or whether it should pass out of their hands; whether he — Brigham Young — should control, through them, the material resources and commercial affairs of the Territory, or the out- siders, who would be certain to use the increase of their money power to the breaking up of the Mormon community in their distinctive character as a commonwealth; or who, to say the least, would not be the conservators of the Mormon dominance in the Territory — a future State — which this same Mormon peo- ple had founded. There could be but one decision to such a man and leader as Brigham, and it was embodied in the organi- zation and growth of Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution, which has been now, for nearly twenty years, really the commer- cial commonwealth of the Mormon people. And, as touching Ogden City, the case was even more vital 26 202 tullidge's histories. and the questions of the hour more salient in its potential points, than in the case of Salt Lake City. On the line of the Union Pacific Railroad, the Founder of Utah saw, daily approaching toward our borders, a line of trav- elling Gentile cities — small, to be sure, but daily removing from point to point as the railroad advanced, so that which seemed as many on the route was in reality but one — now a Cheyenne, now a Laramie, now a Green River; but, call it by what name you may, that Gentile city was soon about to take up its quarters at the grand junction of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific rail- roads. It also soon became evident that this railroad junction would be made at or near Ogden City; but the Gentiles preferred a city to themselves, bearing their distinctive name; hence grew up Corinne, the Gentile city. Now it happened, and very naturally, that the men who founded this Gentile city of Northern Utah were nearly all men of commerce and business generally; and the very fact that there were a class of men on the route founding cities almost daily, and pulling up their stakes and transporting them as often, to keep pace with the ever-shifting terminus, gave abun- dant signs that there were migrating to Utah men of indomi- table business energy, ambition and push. Indeed, many of them had been in the war — served for years — some on the side of the North, some on the side of the South. Nearly all of this class had also been officers in the army, and quite a fair propor- tion of them had ranked as captains, majors, colonels, and sev- eral as generals. These men, just out of the war service, which they entered — some of them ere they reached the age of man- hood — were coming west to begin their individual lives and lay the foundation of their business career; while others, like Gen- eral P. Edward Connor and Mayor J. W. Guthrie, had long been identified with the growth and enterprises of these Western States and Territories. It was such a class of men as these who were migrating toward a junction point of Northern Utah, aiming to found the new junction city, to build it up and control it, and thereby to obtain the supremacy of the commerce of the whole Territory, if possible, and if less than this, still the supremacy of the northern division of Utah outside of Salt Lake City. This part achieved, and it was expected, to a certainty, that the Gentiles would politically dominate two counties of the north — Weber and Box Elder — at an early period. Indeed, it is the action of these two forces — the commercial and political elements — brought in by the railroads, that has gone to make up so much of the history of Utah since 1868-9, and especially of Northern Utah — zion's co-operative mercantile institution. 203 producing social changes amounting almost to a radical social revolution. Now Ogden City was the very point where this new force — the Gentile element as the men themselves delighted to name it — was about to strike, in 1868-9, as a commencement of a social and political controversy with the Mormon community, Some communistic resistive force was, therefore, necessary to be created at once, in the interest of the Mormon people, at this junction point, which was Ogden itself, or near thereto, which at first seemed to be indicated as Cbrinne. Such a resistive commu- nistic organization of the people of the north was nascent in Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution; and had it not been for the prompt establishment of a branch of that institution at Ogden City the Gentile element would soon have controlled the commerce of Northern Utah. This view of Z. C. M. I. in the north has not, we think, been fully realized by the Mormon peo- ple themselves. In 1867 the firm of West & Hopkins was the principal mercantile house of Ogden City, and the only one, indeed, that possessed any approximate strength to resist the commer- cial inroads of the rising Gentile power. Even David H. Peery, since known as one of the commercial magnates and capitalists of Ogden, was but a clerk in this firm. It is true. Mayor Lorin Farr was potent in the civil government of the city, and socially and ecclesiastically influential throughout* the county. He also owned a store and carried on mercantile business, had from the beginning ran saw and flouring mills, and carried on a branch of home manufactures at his woolen factory; and at that very time, the company of Benson, Farr & West was building a large division of the Central Paciflc Railroad, but Lorin Farr was not pre-eminently and distinctively an Ogden merchant. The com- mercial combination needed by the Mormon community had, in fact, to be created, and this was done in the organization of the Ogden branch of Z. C. M. I. At Salt Lake City the Mormon merchants would, it is true, have been strong enough to have resisted the commercial inroads of the Gentile merchants. They may have retained the bulk of the retail trade of the Mormon community, and several of the merchant princes of the capital would have reached after the control of the wholesale trade of the Territory. But, as we have seen, there was, in the prospect of 1868-9, about to spring up as in a day a Gentile merchant city near Ogden, located at a capi- tal distributing point for commerce with the surrounding Ter- ritories with the produce of this northern country. That Gen- tile city was about to come into direct and sharp competition with Ogden City; that Gentile city was the first to boldly claim. 204 tullidge's histories. and for awhile sustain the character, as the special export city of Utah; and, had Corinne also become the junction railroad citj', it must inevitably have controlled the commerce of Northern Utah, and Ogden would have been overshadowed by the com- mercial dominance and population of her ambitious neighbor; and, even as it is, the merchants of Corinne have transported their commercial base of operations to Ogden, where they still strive with the Mormon merchants for the mastery in the north- ern country. In this view of the case, it may be pertinently said that Z. C. M. I., at Ogden, had a mission to perform for the Mormon community; and that, too, more markedly than in any other city of Utah, in a similar way. Its Ogden Branch has been this re- sistive bulwark needed by the Mormon community in the early years after the completion of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads; and the simple fact of its subsequent history is, that instead of destroying local Mormon merchants, it has created and fostered them, notwithstanding for awhile it seemed to have absorbed them in the co-operative combination. This we shall presently see, in climaxing this chapter with the names and number of Mormon merchants and storekeepers that exist to.day — the spring of 1887 — in Ogden City, in the colossal pres- ence of Z. C. M. I. The amalgamation of the Ogden Branch of Z. C. M. I., by an organization of a small "co-op." company, which was started in 1865, and the firms of Peery and Herrick, and the mercantile establishment of ex-Mayor Farr. In March, 1869, after D. H. Peery had sold out to Z. C. M. I., the directors of this insti- tution appointed D. H. Peery superintendent of the Ogden Branch, which position he held till the following June, when Peery resigned and went to Virginia to attend to unsettled busi- ness of his own, left so during the war between the North and the South. S. P. Teasdel was appointed to succeed him as superinten- dent. Early in the spring of 1870, Teasdel resigned and Peery, having returned, was again appointed superintendent, which posi- tion he held till October, 1875, when he finally retired and Robert S. Watson was appointed. This aiTable gentleman and efficient manager, who also served the city in its municipal council dur- ing his superintendency, was retired for other service for the parent institution, as its Eastern purchaser, and Mr. S. W. Sears succeeded him, in the spring of 1880, as manager of the Ogden Branch, and so continued until he was appointed one of the di- rectors and assistant superintendent of the general institution, when Mr. John Watson was appointed manager of the Ogden Branch, June, 1883. At the present date — the spring of 1887 — Mr. .John Watson is still in the management of this branch ZION S CO-OPERATIVE MERCANTILE INSTITUTION. 205 house, and this gentleman is highly acceptable to the directors and popular with the Ogden public. At a director's meeting, held February 16, 1880, the matter of erecting a suitable building for the Institution's business at Ogden, upon the lot purchased from the Church, was discussed. The discussion resulted in the following resolution: -'That the board of directors deem it expedient to at once put up a suitable building at Ogden upon the lot purchased from the Church, and that the superintendent be, and is hereby, authorized to proceed to procure bids and let contracts for carrying out this purpose." This resolution was unanimously adopted, and immediately thereafter work was commenced by excavating the basement story and laying the foundation of the Ogden Branch of Z. C. M. I. The style of architecture is the medieval Corinthian, with a slight indication of the Tuscan, and is highly suited to the business carried on. It is one of the handsomest business blocks in the Territory, and is beautifully located at the corner of Main and Fourth streets, facing east and south; and if it is possible for the mind engaged busily in mercantile pursuits to blend with his business an appreciation of the highest taste for nature, this site affords such an one the best opportunity for its cultivation and development. The building is 133 feet long by 100 feet wide, and consists of basement and three stories. Entering by the south door the eyes are at once greeted with immense stocks of clothing, hats, gents' furnishings, fancy and staple dry goods, notions in countless variety, boots and shoes, and groceries of every description. Further on are the departments containing queensware, glassware, fancy ornaments, lamps, chandeliers, carpets, linoleums, wall paper, stoves, farming tools, and every conceivable article of shelf hardware. This floor is devoted exclusively to retail trade. The second floor is used as a jobbing sales and store room, at the east side of which is situated the clerks' and manager's ofiices. These offices are well appointed in every respect; and constitute as pleasant a counting house as any in the country. A fine large vault is built at the south end of the office, as a repository of all the valuable books and papers relating to the business of this gigantic institution. The third floor is used wholly as a storage room, where huge cases and bales are stacked; a spacious loft is also here to be seen. The basement is where the immense stocks of groceries, consisting of car-loads of meats, sugars, soaps, canned goods, etc., are con- veniently kept, as well as a stupendous quantity of heating and cooking stoves and ranges. The floor is of Portland cement, and it is said that this cellar has no rival in the West. The store is warmed by a steam heating apparatus, lighted at eventide by the 206 electric light, and is fitted up with every modern convenience both for the comfort of those engaged in it and for those doing business, and of these a Morse elevator, driven by water power, running from cellar to third story, is not the least important feature. The erection of the building was commenced in March, 1880, and was completed at am estimated cost of $70,000, during the superintendency of Mr. H. S. Eldredge, of the parent Insti- tution at Salt Lake City, who contributed in no small degree to t?ie making up of the plans, and under whose immediate direc- tion the details were carried out. There were 800,000 brick and 250,000 feet of lumber used in its construction. It is fitted with water and gas pipes throughout, as well as speaking tubes con- necting each floor and compartment. The design was the work of the late Mr. Obed Taylor, architect, of Salt Lake City; while the supervision was entrusted to Mr. N. C. Flygare, of Ogden, who had also the contract for the carpentering. The building was dedicated on Friday, February 4th, 1881, and the following dis- tinguished gentlemen took part in the ceremonies: President, John Taylor; Directors, Joseph F. Smith, H. S. Eldredge, Wm. Jennings and D. 0. Calder; and D. H. Peery, Esq., Apostle F. D. Richards, and ex-Mayor Lorin Farr. FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF OGDEN. As the First National Bank of Ogden is connected with this branch of Z. C. M. I. in its place of business, and also in it financial unity with the grand commercial institution of the Mormon community, it may be here very properly noticed. The establishing of the First National Bank of Ogden was originally and specially the project of the banker and superin- tendent, Horace 8. Eldredge. It was the firm of Hooper & Eldredge, indeed, that may be said to have originated the whole banking system of Utah belonging to the Mormon community. They started the bank of Hooper, Eldredge & Co., in Salt Lake City, in 1869, the firm being composed of themselves and Cashier Lewis S. Hills; and, in 1871, Hooper, Eldredge & Co. were succeeded by the Bank of Deseret, with Brigham Young as president, which was afterward succeeded by the Deseret National Bank, with Brigham Young president, and H. S. Eldredge vice- president; and when Brigham Young resigned as president, Wm. H. Hooper was elected president, and so remained until his EX-MAYOR DAVID H. PEERY. 207 death, and was succeeded by H. S. Eldredge. Subsequently it became imperative to preserve the financial unity and potency of the community that a bank of a similar cast should be estab- lished at Ogden City. "Gentile banks " were already established there; and at length the Directors of the Deseret National Bank, urged by Horace S. Eldredge, who was particularly desirous and earnest in the matter, resolved to establish the Ogden National Bank, in which project they y^ere joined by certain of the capi- talists of Ogden belonging to the community. The First National Bank of Ogden opened business on January 1st, 1882, with a paid up capital of $100,000, and a board of directors that would inspire commercial confidence any- where. The board, at at its origin, consisted of the following persons: H. S. Eldredge, president; William Jennings, vice- president; John Taylor, Wm. H. Hooper, John Sharp, F. Little, L. S. Hills, S. W. Sears, N. C. Flygare, directors; H. S. Young, cashier. The First National of Ogden has its offices in the southeast corner of the Z. C. M. I. building. The entrance to it is from the southeast corner, leading from fine granite steps. The door is massive, and on either side are large Corinthian iron columns, fluted and cast at Davis & Howe's foundry, Salt Lake City. EX-MAYOR DAVID H. PEERY Comes of an old Virginia family. He was born in Tazewell County, Virginia, on May 16th, 1824. His early j'ears were spent on his parents' plantation. He was educated at Enery & Henry college. The Honorable David H. Peery commenced life as a com- mercial man in his native county in 1845, continuing for seven- teen years of almost uninterrupted success, becoming possessed of considerable wealth; but civil war came, the South was in- vaded, calamities fell fast upon his family and death swept in a few days, wife, children, father, mother and other members of his family. Here we must notice his wife specially, for in her is the chief interest of the narrative. The maiden name of this lady was Nancy, daughter of William and Louisa Higginbotham, of Virginia. The parents ut this involved us in a large indebtedness. In view of liquidating this liability, we engaged a large contract to supply timber and lumber to the Utah & Northern Railroad, incurring a UNITED ORDER LOSSES. 299' heavy expense in building a saw mill in Marsh Valley, Idaho, and moving there also, our steam saw mill, and were employing about 100 men, everything moving along prosperously: vi^hen, suddenly, through the influence of apostates, aided by a mobocratic judge, a raid was made upon our camps, thirty or forty of our workmen were arrested and imprisoned and our operations stopped. And, although the embargo on our business was withdrawn and the men liberated by order of the President of the United States through the influence of Jay Gould, it came too late, so we were compelled to abandon this enterprise, sell our saw mill for one-fourth its value, and move back our steam mill, etc., the whole involving an expense and loss of |6,000, besides the vexation in our disappointments in raising the money to pay our indebtedness. "The following July, a tax of |10,200 was levied on our scrip, by 0. J. Hollister, U. S. Assessor and Collector of Internal Rev- enue. Though illegal, unjust and highly absurd, the payment could not be avoided; therefore we borrowed the money and paid this assessment. Through these and other unfortunate occurrences we became greatly embarrassed in our business. This embarrass- ment, as may be seen, is not the result of the natural pressure of the times, nor financial crisis which has broken up thousands of banking institutions and business firms throughout the world : neither that of mismanagement nor any defect in our systems of operations; but, as before mentioned, it has been brought about, through a succession of calamities, unparalleled in the experience of any business firm in this or any other Territory. " The following is a showing of our losses, including the assess- ment, all occurring in the space of about nine months : Crops destroyed by grasshoppers, •$ 4,000' Crops destroyed by drought, 3,000 Burning of Woolen Mills, 30,000 Losses in Idaho, 6,000 By Assessment on Scrip, 10,200- Total, $53,200' " We were now compelled to raise, within eighteen months, $30,000, independent of the $45,000 required during the same time to carry on our home industries. " There appeared now but one course left for us to pursue, viz : curtail our business, close several of our departments, lessen the business of others, and dispose of such property as will assist in discharging our cash obligations; thus using every exertion to out- live our misfortunes and save ourselves from being totally wrecked. "Accordingly, we have labored faithfully to this end, and, although no one has made any abatement of his claims against us, except Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution, in cancelling the interest on what we owed them, we are now nearly out of debt, having but one cash obhgation to discharge of |2,.50O, to Z. which will be paid this fall. 300 tullidge's histories. " Our checks in the hands of employees or other parties, have now all been redeemed, with the exception of a very few, which we are prepared to settle whenever presented. "We now have eleven industrial departments in operation; the business, however, is not carried on quite so extensively as formerly. "The mercantile department is doing three times the business it was previous to the curtailing of our home industries ; and has the patronage of nearly the entire people of Brigham City and surrounding settlements. " It has been our uniform practice to submit all business mat- ters involving important interests of the people to the council of the United Order, where the most perfect liberty and greatest free- dom of expression of thought and opinion have always been allowed and always indulged. "The council is composed of sixty members, those most influential in the community, selected on account of their integrity, faithfulness and willingness to labor and assist in promoting the cause of union and brotherhood. " Notwithstanding our severe reverses and the fiery ordeal through which we have passed, the confidence of the people in our principles of union has been preserved and they feel that we have worked earnestly and unselfishly to secure their interests and promote their general welfare. "Respectfully, "Lorenzo Snow." " The following shows the elaborate organization of the United Order, exhibiting the names of the principal men of the county : ORIGINAL DIKEOTORS. Lorenzo Snow, President; Samuel Smith, Abraham Hunsaker, James Pett, Alvin Nichols, H. P. Jensen, G. W. Ward, J. D. Reese; W. L. Watkins, Secretary. UNITED ORDER COUNCIL. Lorenzo Snow, Samuel Smitli, Alvin Nichols, H. P. Jensen, Wm. Box, John Welch, James Bywater, N. C. IWortensen, A. Hillam, L. IMortensen, J. Jeppasou, W. Wrighton, John Christensen, Joseph M. Jensen, G. W. Ward, M. L. Ensign, J. C. Wright, Mads C. Jensen, S. N. Lee, J. 0. Nielsen, David Boothe, Ephraim Wiglit, Paul Stork, Jacob Jensen, Carlos Love- land, John Johnson, B. Morris Young, E. L. Fishburn, 0. N. Stohl, Alex. Baird, Abraham Hunsaker, Oliver G. Snow, J. D. Burt, Charles Kelley, James Pett, Henry Tingey, Adolph Madsen, L. C. Christensen, Wra. Horsley, T. H. Wilde, A. Christensen, Geo. Reader, P. F. Madsen, H. E. Bowring, E. A. Bix. Wm. L. Watkins, P. A. Fosgreen, Willard Hansen, N. H. Nelsen, A. A. Jansen, Nels Madsen, Jr., P. C. Jensen, Lars. A. Larsen, Nels Madsen, Lucious A. Snow, Jonah Evans, J. D. Reese, J. C. Wixom, C. Hansen, Charles Wight, Geo. Facer, F. Hansen, Relative to the fire referred to in the foregoing letter, the Des- eret News at the time said : "The intelligence of the destruction, by the devouring ele- ment, a few days since, of the Brigham City woolen factory, caused a general profound feeling of regret and sympathy in the minds of A EBUNION OF WORKERS. 301 the Latter-day Saints. That little community in the northern part of the Territory have been engaged for a little over a dozen years in demonstrating a principle of intense importance — feasibility of a self-sustaining co-operative policy. In this direction they stand in advance of the people of the entire west. In fact, considering the numerous disadvantages under which they have labored, we doubt if a more satisfactory development of material interests exists anywhere on this globe. " The eyes of the Latter-day Saints generally have been turned in the direction of the people of Brigham City, and their co-opera- tive system has been watched perhaps more closely than was imagined. It was thought that the burning of their excellent factory would retard the development of their home industrial pur- suits, and delay the further demonstration of the great truth that a community, even a small one, can exist and flourish in a condition of measurable independence of the changes and fluctuations in operation outside of it. Apparent misfortunes are, however, not beneficient of benefit. This seeming calamity exhibits perhaps as much as any other circumstance could, the extraordinary vitality and consequent power existing in a comparatively united commu- nity, whose business is done on a co-operative, mutual protective system, l^othing daunted, those good people, inspired by the example of their leaders and advisers, and by the spirit of the Gros- pel, say, 'we will build another factory,' and at once commence preparing to carry their commendable resolution into eflfect. Coup- led with this determination is another to provide labor and the means of subsistence, in the meantime, for the operatives thrown out of employment by the burning of the factory. " Such a community shows its independence in the true sense of the word, and every right-thinking person cannot do otherwise than wish such a person well. We understand there are between forty and fifty home industrial branches of business carried on under the Brigham City co-operative system." Here is another clipping from the Deseret News : " Brigham City, Jan. 3, 1881. " Editor Deseret News: " On the last day of the old year (1880) the council of the United Order of this Stake, about sixty in number, had a grand re-union at the Social Hall, in which they met and were seated around one large table spread with the abundance of earth's pro- duction in good style. Having partaken of a first-class lunch the time was spent for several hours by the brethren in making brief speeches, singing, toasting, and relating remarkable incidents. A very warm feeling of friendship and brotherhood was manifest, which will long be remembered. Bishop John D. Burt, at the begin- ning of these exercises, read a lengthy address in behalf of the assembly, to Apostle Lorenzo Snow, setting forth in emphatic 302 tullidgb's histories. language the firmness, faithfulness, love, and indomitable energy of the Ayjostle in his long years of labor in the good cause, at home and abroad, his tribulations and victories. And as a fitting testi- monial of the love and esteem in which he is held by the brethren, the Bishop handed him a gold vsrateh and chain which had been bought at Mr. Asmussen's establishment at Salt Lake City, for $24.5, and was a gift from a number of the brethren; after which Brother Snow arose, and with feelings of emotion thanked his bethren for this token of esteem, which came to him by surprise, and said he valued the respect and good feelings of the brethren above all earthly considerations. The scene was impressive by reason' of the spirit that was present. "A. C." Coupled with the following address, the foregoing will show that this interesting community still retained its vitality and enthu- siasm, and the high regard in which Apostle Lorenzo Snow is still held by his people as a social reformer. " Beloved President Lorenzo Snow : " We have met here this evening in a social capacity as friends and brethren in the common cause of truth, to wile away a few hours in social communion together, and to con- gratulate each other for the peace surrounding us in our mount- ain home, and for the rich and abundant blessings of a kind, indulgent and beneficent Creator, which have so eminently crowned our efforts during the past year, and for the favor- able and glorious prospects foreshadowing us in the future. When we contemplate the scenes of poverty, sorrow, persecution, deprivation, suffering and death heaped upon the Saints by their Christian (?) friends of this generation, and contrast the present with the past, our hearts swell with feelings of deep emotion, thanks- giving, and gratitude beyond expression, to the Giver of all good, for the many and peculiar favors so graciously bestowed upon us, since we have resided in these valleys. And, while we are ever ready, and always willing to acknowledge the hand of our God, and tender unto Him our most sincere thanks for all the blessings we enjoy, we also recognize the fact, that a meed of prais,e, and much honor is due to His servants — the Apostles who, through their indomitable energy, untiring zeal and earnest devotion to the cause of truth, have been the favored instruments in the hands of God to bring about and make possible these happy results. "Beloved President: As one of these honored ones, you have occupied a very prominent position. You have traversed sea and land without yuirse or scrip, to proclaim glad tidings to an erring and fallen woi'ld, and for nearly half a century, you have labored incessantly, at home and abroad, in the interest and common cause of humanity; and, in the prosecution of this labor, you have been recjuired and have cheerfully made many sacrifices for the BRIGHAM CITY. 303 Gospel's sake. You have also been a pioneer, and to-day stand in the front rank of co-operative enterprises in this Territory, devoting your time, talent and means for the good of the people, thus seek- ing to elevate the poor, and bring about an equality and union among the Saints in Zion. Many and arduous have been your labors in this direction; and, although the adversary has been per- mitted from time to time to make iavasions, commit depredations, impose and levy special, grievous, unjust and unconstitutional burdens upon you, thus aiming to undermine and strike with paralysis and death the noble enterprise you have so zealously and industriously fostered and erected in the midst of your brethren in this city, you have never faltered, but with sterling fidelity, unflinching purpose, and unshaken confidence, you have faced the frowning billows of adversity, and the howling tempest of anti- Christian hate, and, in divine strength, and with heroic fortitude, and God-like determination, you have met and withstood the shock, weathered and outridden the storm, and in an eminent degree, have been successful in the achievement of the grand object in view — the union and consolidation of the interests, efforts and feelings of those whom God hath entrusted to your care. "ISTow, in consideration of the many and valuable services you have rendered this community, and for the frequents acts of courtesy and kindness bestowed upon us as individuals, permit us, beloved Brother, as a humble testimonial of our regard, to present to you this watch and chain, which we trust you will condescend to accept as the grateful and voluntary offering of a few of your friends, who have clustered around you on this occasion, desiring to manifest their approbation and to recognise your past services in their behalf. Earnestly hoping that your life may be spared, and that you wiU be permitted to wear this slight token of our esteem for many years yet to come, we will still continue to invoke the blessings of the the Just One to rest upon you and yours forever and forever." Generations hence when its illustrious founder shall be sleeping with the fathers, Brigham City will be a unique interesting subject for the study of the sociologist and the review of the historian. It will stand as an example of a city that grew up on a pure co-opera- tive plan; it will prove that socialistic commonwealths are possible and it will historically perpetuate to the Latter-day Saints them- selves the social Gospel of the United Order that the Prophet Joseph revealed as the basis of a Millennial society. Truly is Brig- ham City a great social monument in the age; its apostolic founder is worthy of immortality for the social problems that he has solved for our Latter-day Zion, and the people who have so nobly wrought with him are worthy of remembrance in the pages of history. Leaving the special subject of the social institution which has typed Box Elder County, we come again to the general review of the county. 304 tullidsb's histories. Brigham City is beautifully situated, being on a gentle rising plain near the mouth of Box Elder Canyon. Its houses are very neat and comfortable, and many of them were built by the United Order and have come into the possession of their present owners as the results to them of the co-operative movement of which they were members. In the matter of property and real estate the Insti- tution has conferred upon many their "inheritances" to perpetuate its memory. There is a tine Court House and like that of Ogden it stands on a bold elevation and is suggestive to the eye, even of passengers dashing along the Utah and JsTorthern Railroad, that the pretty city in the distance, near the base of the mountains, is the county seat. There is also a fine new Tabernacle, built of stone, which will seat between fifteen and sixteen hundred. Brigham is the railroad center for the county and much shipping business is done here. The depot is quite a first-class affair for a country town, decidedly one of the principal points on the line north, and the local superintendent — Mr. Eli Pierce — is an efficient and experi- enced railroad agent. Connected with this depot is a telegraph office of course. The post office of this city ranks fairly, having a money order department. There is a Presbyterian Church and also a school connected therewith; the Rev. L. S. Grillispie is the pastor, and a lady sent on by the Presbyterian Association is at the head of the educational department. But there is nothing in the capital of Box Elder County so imposing as the fine new stone Tabernacle, and the fact that it will seat nearly two thousand and is on Sundays crowded with members of the Mormon Church, suggests that the Latter-day Kingdom still survives. THE EAMED GENTILE CITY CORINIS'E. As a social and historical unique, though of a very different type to Brigham City with its United Order, Corinne, the once famous Gentile city of Utah, may very properly be placed side by side with Brigham in the history of Box Elder County. The con- trast is striking and their social significance very marked and sug- gestive; we must, however, confine ourselves to the historical vem in touching Corinne rather than continuing a sociological review. The Ogden Directory epitomizing the record of the principal towns of Box Elder County up to 1878 thus describes the rise, growth and progress of the City of Corinne : " Corinne, called by many the "Burg on the Bear," was settled m February, 1869. A number of Geatiles who had found their THE CITY CORRINNB. 305 way into the Territory and spent a portion of the winter in Salt Lake City, wandered to the west bank of Bear Eiver, in Box Elder County, took a survey of the magnificent valley that lay stretched out before them, and concluding that here would be the point of crossing of the Pacific Railroad, camped and commenced the work of building a city. The land was secured, and a contract made with the tJnion Pacific Eailroad Co. to survey and lay out the town, giving alternate lots for compensation. After concluding this contract the townsite company felt that fortune and fame were theirs. With so powerful a corporation as joint owners with them in a town located on the line of their road, and a location com- manding the trade of Montana and Idaho, acciessible to the largest and most fertile agricultural districts of our own Territory, why should they not hope for success ? More than 300 lots were dis- posed of at prices ranging from $5 to $1,000 each. In the two weeks following, more than 300 frame buildings and tents were put up, the town containing at this time more than 1,500 inhabitants ; a temporary city government was organized with mayor, council and police force. On the 18th of February, 1870, the Legislative Assembly of Utah incorporated the town under the name of " Corinne City," the charter granting the necessary powers to enable the council to protect citizens. The fortunes of the town have been vacillating. Depending principally upon freighting to Montana and Idaho as its means of maintenance, it has received a hard blow in the extension north- ward of the Utah and l^orthern Railway. It is not lacking in enterprising, public-spirited citizens, who have ever been willing to do all in their power to make that place a business center. The present population is about 600, though it was once perhaps four times as much. It has three fine churches, and public and one private school, and a public hall. This is the historical view of the Corinne of the past when it was the capital city of the Gentiles. To-day there is no longer such a Corinne. Ogden has superceded her ; but still she has an his- ^torical importance and interest, as will be further illustrated in the following chapter on the political history of the north. See also the article on " Corinne and its founders," in which are preserved the names of most of the men who built up that city. 37 306 tullidge's histories. POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE NORTH, Beginning of Political Controversy. Birth of the Liberal Party. Record of its first Convention at Corinne in 1870. Fred J. Kiesel Represents Weber County. Ogden Succeeds Coriune Politically. The First Platform of the Liberal Party. Grand Campaigns in 1882-83. Subsequent action. Mayors Peery and Ecoles " Hold the Fort" for the People's Party. Triumph of the Liberal Party in 1889, with Fred J. Kiesel, Mayor. Having in a previous chapter given a sufficient review of the municipal government of Ogden, and the progress of that city under its various administrations, we may very properly in this chapter of a more general character, give the political history of the north, commencing in Corinne and culminating in Ogden. The history of political action in the north, between the People's Party and the Liberal Party, commenced at Corinne, in 1870, but was soon afterwards transposed to Ogden. Just as it has been in their commerce so in their politics — the history of these two cities interlap and became one : Ogden in her course of " manifest destiny" absorbed Corinne ; the merchants of Corinne became the principal merchants of Ogden; the men who formed the nucleus of the Liberal party at Corinne in 1870 carried the municipal elec- tion of Ogden in 1889 ; and the man who represented Weber County at the Corinne Convention — Mr. Fred J. Kiesel — is now Mayor of Ogden city. Before the birth of the Liberal Party, in 1870, there was no political action of a controversal character in Weber County, nor indeed in any part of Utah. The citizens of Ogden, from time to time, had elected Lorin Parr as Mayor, not only because he was the founder of the city and its first Mayor, but for his integrity and capacity. In the Legislature he was classed among the first of our local statesmen, and he bore the character of a liberal man in all political afl^irs — a friend of the "common people." Hence his party chose Lorin Parr without controversy, until it was deemed wise, with his own consent, to retire him for awhile in favor of Lester J. Herrick. BIRTH OF THE LIBERAL PARTY. 307 But in 1870 an era of change had come over Utah. The rail- road was here. The Gentile was a factor in the land ; and the Gentile was an hereditary politician, with a manifest destiny. He had come to Utah to rule her politically and reconstruct her into a Gentile state, or as he worded it, an American state versus a Mor- mon theocracy. This is the kernal of the politics of the Utah Gentile, locally considered : hence the coalition of Republicans and Democrats as one party in Utah for the issue as above stated. Indeed_ the Liberal party has been a coalition party from the beginning. Just previous to the birth of the Utah Liberal party, there occurred a schism in the Mormon Church, known as the Godbeite Movement. In itself it may have seemed insignificant as a spiritual movement; but in its coalition with the Gentiles, the Liberal party was given birth, and to-day the Liberal party is not insignifi- cant. In the beginning of the year 1870, in January and February, a political plan was devised to unite the Godbeites with the Gen- tiles. Both were few in number ; even when united they were but an insignificant minority, compared with the party since known as the People's party. The coalition, however, was considered promising and prospectively formidable. On the one side, the schismatic Mormon elders and merchants were likely to have a large following throughout the Territory, or, at least, it was expected that the schism would increase greatly and extend to every settle- ment, even though it should lack cohesion. IsTothrng seemed more probable than that there were thousands of men and women, who had grown up in the Mormon community, or been long connected with it, apart from any spiritualistic "New Movement" incubated at nightly seances at l^ew York, who occupied similar positions, and entertained similar views regarding Mormonism, to those of Mr. Godbe and his compeers, and the Walker Brothers, Chislett and their class, who had left the Church years before. There were also many influential men who remained in the Mormon Church who said to Mr. Godbe and his friends, "You should have remained in the Church and fought out your issues. It was a great mistake to set up a new church." And thus the "New Movement," or new " Church of Zion " was soon generally looked upon to be in and of itself a failure, while to the faithful Mormons, whose head of the Church was so prominent and sound, whose will so strong and organism so match- less, this church of Zion without a head, or even the power to organize a quorum of elders, was a thing of scorn. Henry W. Lawrence keenly felt this and forecasted failure in the object of the schism. The only resolution of any social potency was in a quick uniting of the Godbeites with the Gentiles, and the formation of a political party by such a coalition. The design was projected, and early in February, 1870, a political caucus was called, of the leading men concerned, to give 308 TULLIDGB S HISTORIES. birth to the party now known as the " Liberal " party. The meet- ing was held in the Masonic Hall. Eli B. Kelsey was chosen chair- man, whereupon the leaders made their preliminary speeches, for- mulated methods for the city election close at hand, with Henry W. Lawrence at the head of their ticket for Mayor of Salt Lake City. The Gentiles, with political sagacity, kept in the background, merely playing the parts as advisers, helpers and voters. _ Of course the object of this manoeuvre was to make their coalition party a political entering wedge into the Mormon Church, by calling out the Mormon friends of the men on the ticket. The preliminary work having been done, the meeting adjourned to be held next at Walker Brothers' old store, where the "I^ew Movement" held its service and public meetings; Eli B. Kelsey was continued as chairman, and a committee was appointed to make a public call for the ratification of the Liberal ticket. For a full account of this ratification meeting and first contest of the Liberal party with the People's party, the reader is referred to Tullidge's History of Salt Lake City ; the aim here is merely to give the connecting links of the convention at Corinne, and the opening of political action in Northern Utah between the parties at issue. The first Liberal ticket, however, and the number of votes cast by the party at this election will be interesting items to here record : " Independent Ticket. — Mayor — Henry W. Lawrence ; Alder- men — First Municipal Ward, Samuel Kahn ; Second Municipal Ward, J. R. Walker; Third Municipal Ward, Orson Pratt, Jr ; Fourth Municipal Ward, E. D. Woolley; Fifth Municipal Ward,, James Gordon. Councillors — Nat Stein, Anthony Godbe, John Ounnington, John Lowe, Marsena Cannon, Fred. T. Perris, Dr. W. F. Anderson, Wm. Sloan, Peter Rensheimer; City Recorder, Wm. P. Appleby ; City Treasurer, B. F. Raybould ; City Marshal, Ed. Butter- field." The August election of 1870, gave the Utah Liberal party the opportunity of contesting for the Delegate's seat in Congress. Hon. Wm. H. Hooper was the nominee of the People's party. It was not for a moment thought that any worthy opposition could be made, as regards the relative voting strength of the parties. In 1870 the People's party could poll 20,000 to 1,000 of the opposi- tion. The specific object of the Liberal party in the contest was to create an opportunity to send their nominee to Washington, to contest the seat, and from time to time to send one there, whether victorious or not. Indeed this party from its birth entertained the belief that Congress would, upon some cause, give the seat to the anti-Mormon Delegate, and that Utah never would be admitted as a State, until the absolute political control was placed in their hands. Nothing, however, in 1870, had been conceived by them of so radical a character as the disfranchisement of the whole Mormon people, unless some overt act should occur to give the administra- tion the cause to place the Territory under martial law, for which THE LIBERAL POLITICAL CONVENTION. 309 object the anti-Mormons constantly aimed. The ground of this contest in Washington for Utah's seat was to be made on an accu- sation against Mr. Hooper of disloyalty, having taken part against the Government during the "Buchanan war;" and also as being unfitted as a delegate to Congress, by reason of having taken the ' endowment oath. ' The aims thus laid down, the Central Committee of the Liberal party issued'the following call : " ' CONVENTION. " ' The citizens of Utah residing within the several counties of said Territory, who are opposed to despotism and tyranny in Utah, and who are in favor of freedom, liberality, progress, and of advancing the material interests of said Territory, and of separa- ting church from state, are requested to send delegates to meet in convention_ at Corinne, Utah, on Saturday, July 16th, 1870, at 10 p.m., of said day to put in nomination a candidate to Congress, to be voted for at the Territorial election to be held on the first Mon- day in August next. " ' By order of the committee, " ' J. M. Orr, Chairman. " ' S. Kahn, Secretary, " ' S. L. City, June 24, 1870.' " The reason of the transfer of the political action from Salt Lake City, where the Liberal party was born, to Corinne was a political move well considered by the party managers, and designed for the capture of one of the counties. It was evident from the recent contest, in the municipal election of Salt Lake City, that no effective opposition could be made at the capital. On the other hand Corinne was rising as a Gentile city, and though since nearly a deserted place, its founders believed that it would become the nucleus of the Gentile force, and be not only able to carry Box Elder County, but also to greatly influence the elections in Weber County. Hence the managers of the party selected Corinne as its center of operations in its first Territorial contest with the People's party, rather than Salt Lake, where it had met such an overwhelm- ing defeat." The following report of the Convention at Corinne is copied from the " Salt Lake Tribune," (weekly): " organ of the Liberal Cause in Utah." It is from Mr. Harrison's editorial file, Vol. II., No. 30, which is, we believe, the only paper or document in existence where the record can be found ; and it will doubtless have a peculiar interest to the members of the Liberal party to-day. THE LIBEKAL POLITICAL CONVENTION. We publish the following minutes and platform of the "Liberal political party of Utah," with the same willingness that we will those of any other political body. The reader must judge for himself as to the soundness of the views ex- 310 ttjllidge's histories. pressed. We are free thinkers on all subjects, political or otherwise, and cannot be bound to endorse the special views of any party. COKINNE, July 16th, 1870. The Territorial Convention met, pursuant to call at the Pitch School House in Corinne, and was called to order by J. Milton Orr, chairman of Central Committee. On motion of Major C. H. Hempstead, of Salt Lake City, Gen. P. Edward Connor was elected temporary chairman. On motion of 0. H. Elliott, Wells Spicer, of Corinne city, was elected tem- porary secretary. _ _ • On motion of R. H. Robertson, the Chair appointed the following Committee on Credentials, viz : — R. H. Robertson, S. L. Co. P. J. Kiesel, Weber Co. Ben. Bachman, Utah Co. J. P. Haller, Piute Co. J. Malch, Box Elder Co. The committee, after consultation, reported the following delegates present. Salt Lake County 10, viz: R. H. Robertson, J. M. Orr, R. N. Baskin, T. D. Brown, Jos. Silver, C. H. Hempstead, W. S. WoodhuU, Peter Clays, Frank Hoff- man, and S. Kahn proxy for W. Sloan. Box Elder County, 15, viz : E. P. Johnson, Wells Spicer, N. S. Ransohoff, S. G. Sewel, Harry Ellsworth, J. S. Riley, Julius Malch, Tim Henderson, Wm. M. Johns, proxy for Alex Dupont, N. Kennedy, proxy for W. S. Riley, Henry Monheim, T. J. Black, O. H. Elliott, John Sheahan, F. Rheinbold. Weber County 5, viz : F. J. Kiesel, Oliver Durant, Wm. Gilbert, M. Meyer, S. Bamberger. Tooele County 3, viz ; Gen'l P. Edward Connor, 0. J. Saulsberry proxy for John Paxton, Geo. B. Parker proxy for J. K. Smedley. Utah County 3, viz : Ben. Bachman also proxy for Henry W. Wilson and Richard Martin. Piute County 2, viz : F. Haller also proxy for B. H. Reynolds. Millard County 1, C. Diehl. On motion of Major Hempstead the report of the committee was adopted. On motion of R. N. Baskin, Box Elder County was allowed to cast 15 votes in this convention. On motion of R. H, Robertson, a committee of five on permanent organiza- tion was appointed as follows : J. M. Orr, T. D. Brown, Harry Ellsworth, B. P. Johnson, Simon Bamberger. The committee, after consultation, reported the following permanent organiza- tion, viz : President, Major C. H. Hempstead, of Salt Lake County. Vice-Presidents, Wm. M. Johns, of Box Elder Co.; W. S. Woodhull, of Salt Lake Co ; Wm. Gilbert, Weber Co. ; Gen. P. Edward Connor, Tooele Co. ; Ben. Bachman, Utah Co. ; C. Diehl, Millard Co ; J. P. Haller, Piute Co. Secretary, Wells Spicer, Box Elder C ). On motion, the report of the committee was adopted and the officers took their seats. On motion of S. G. Sewel, a committee of five on resolution was appointed as follows : Gen. P. Edward Connor, Tooele < 'o. ; R. H. Robertson, S. L. Co. ; Wells Spicer, Box Elder Co. ; R. N. Baskin, S. L. Co. On motion of Gen. Connor, the Prest, Major Hempstead was added to the Committee. On motion of Col. Wm. M. Johns, a committee of five on order of business was appointed as follows : Jos. Silver, S. L. Co. ; W. S. Woodhull, S. L. Co • W Gilbert Weber Co. ; S. G. Sewel, Box Elder Co. On motion the convention adjourned to 3 p.m. mi • , 3—30 P. M. J he convention met and was called to order by the President. The Committee on order of business then reported as follows : 1. Report of Committee on platform and resolutions. 2. Nomination of candidate for Delegate to Congress. LIBERAL PARTY PLATFORM. 311 3. Selection of the Territorial Central Committee, as follows : Box Elder Co. , 4 members ; Weber, 2 ; Salt Lake, 4 ; Tooele, 1 ; Utah, \ ; Piute, 1 . Millard, 1 ; and recommend that the Committee have power to fill vacancies and appoint new members for counties not represented. On motion, the report was received and adopted. The Committee on platform and resolutions then reported the following : PLATFORM. This convention, composed of delegates from the Counties of Box Elder, Weber, Salt Lake, Tooele, Utah, Millard and Piute, duly elected by the loyal and law-abiding citizens of the Territory, declare the following as the platform of principles which we present to our fello\^ citizens as worthy of their support : Resolved 1. That we are unalterably opposed to any union of Church and State and to th^it system whereby the rights of citizens, in a free republic, have been ignored by an irresponsible priesthood, and the political and temporal affairs of the Territory made subservient to a Church hierarchy. 2. That we are unalterably opposed to the doctrine of polygamy, as taught and practiced in this Territory under the guise of religion, as being in conflict with the spirit of the age, contrary to good morals, and prohibited by the laws of the land ; and in favor of such early action by Congress as will suppress a growing evil, and the enactment of such measures as will secure the enforcement of the laws of the United States throughout the length and breath of the land, and especially in the Territory of Utah. 3. That we revere the Constitution of our Fathers, and insist that its pro- visions, and the acts of Congress as the supreme law of the Nation, shall be respected and obeyed by all men, high or low, throughout the Republic, and that while we acknowledge and fully appreciate the sacredness of the Constitutional guarantee of the free exercise of religion, we deny that this guarantee either authorizes or protects the practice of polygamy or other crime. 4. That while we accord to all people perfect freedom in religious matters, at the same time we claim the same privilege for ourselves, and protest against the practices of the established Church of Utah as being intolerant, prescriptive and destructive of the true principles of republican government ; that its assumptions of an infallible priesthood constitutes it a theocracy, which, by usurping the authority to direct in temporal matters, becomes a despotism subversive of every right and privilege of a free people. 5. That the mineral resources of this Territory present an ample field for the energy and industry of the people, and our mines of gold, silver, lead, iron, copper and coal, only need the fostering care of proper legislation to greatly advance the interests of the Territory ; and that we favor the development of our extensive mineral and agricultural resources, depreciating at the same time the efforts of the heretofore dominant party to discourage the development of the mines of the Ter- ritory. On motion the resolutions were acted upon, sustained and adopted by accla- mation. Wells Spicer then offered the following : Resolved: That in the selection of J. Wilson Shaffer, as Governor of Utah, we recognize an appointment eminently fit and proper ; that his past services in the cause of his country, and his firm, upright, wise and judicious course in this Territory, since he came among us, commend him to the confidence of this conven- tion and the people it represents ; and we pledge ourselves to yield to him a con- tinued, unwearied, and we trust efficient support in the performance of his high duties and the enforcement of the laws. This Resolution, on motion of Gen. Connor, was adopted, with three cheers for Gov. Shaffer. On motion of R. H. Robertson, the Convention then proceeded to nominate a candidate for Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Utah. Gen. Connor nominated General Geo. R. Maxwell, of Salt Lake County. On motion of E. P. Johnson, the nomination was made unanimous by accla- mation, with three cheers for Gen. Geo. R. Maxwell. 312 tullidgb's histories. On motion of Wells Spicer, the Convention then proceeded to elect a Terri- torial Committee as follows : „ ^ „ T „.-, „ -r r^ -r, J. Milton Orr, S. L. Co., Col. S. Kahn, S. L. Co., Jos. Silver, S. L. Co., R. H. Roberton, S. L. Co., Col. Wm. Johns, Box Elder Co., Wells Spicer, Box Elder, Harry Ellsworth, Box Elder, G. Goldbrugh, Box Elder, Wm. GiUent, Weber Co., Fred. J. Kiesel, Weber, J. N. Haller, Piute Co.. Ben. Bachman Utah Co. On motion of Wells Spicer, Mr. J. Milton Orr was declared the chairman of the Committee in honor of his past services. «■ -n- i i. On motion the thanks of the Convention were tendered to N. M. Fitoh, for use of school-house and to 0. H. Elliott for stationery furnished. On motion, the Secretary was requested to furnish copies of the proceedings of this Convention to the Corinne Reporter and Salt Lake Tribune for publica- tion. On motion of Wells Spicer, the Territorial Central Committee were instructed to prepare, publish, and distribute an address to the people of Utah, in behalf of our principles and candidate. On motion of E. P. Johnson, the organization was called the Liberal Political Party of Utah. On motion of 0. P. Strickland, the thanks of the Convention were tendered to Maj. C. H. Hempstead, President of the Convention, and to Wells Spicer, Secretary, for their services as OflScers of the Convention. On motion, the Convention adjourned, with three chers. C. H. Hempstead, Prest. Wells Spicer, Sec. MEETING OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE. Corinne, July 16, 1870, At a meeting of the Territorial Central Committee of the Liberal Party of Utah, held at the Metropolitan Hotel, on the evening of July 16, 1870, present : J. Milton Orr, chairman, R. H. Robertson, Col. S. Kahn, Jos. Silver, Col. Wm. Johns, G. Goldburg, Wm. Gilbert, J. F. Haller, Ben Bachman. F. J. Kiesel, N. S. Ransohoff proxy for Harry Ellsworth, and Wells Spicer. On motion. Wells Spicer was elected permanent Secretary of the committee. On motion the committee men from each county were instructed to act as county committees in all cases where no county organization exists. On motion a sub-committee on finance was appointed as follows : Jos Silver, S. L. Co., G. Goldburg, Box Elder Co., J. F. Haller, Piute Co., F. J. Kiesel, Weber Co., Ben. Bachman, Utah Co.. Capt Stover Tooele Co., John Chislett, Summit Co. On motion, John Chislett, of Summit County, was added to the Territorial committee. On motion of J. Milton Orr, was elected Treasurer of the committee. On motion, a special committee of three was appointed to prepare and publish an address to the people ; to wit : Wells Spicer, R. H Robertson, Wm. Gilbert. On motion, J. M. Orr, Wells Spicer and P. J. Kiesel, were appointed an executive committee to call meetings, arrange speakers, and draw funds for general purposes. On motion the Committee adjourned, subject to the call of the Chair. Wells Spicer, Sec. It may be noticed that Box Elder was allowed to cast j&fteen votes at the Corinne Convention, while Salt Lake County was only allowed ten and Weber County five. This signified, what has been already suggested, namely, that the design of the Liberal Party was to make Corinne the center of potitieal action; and the aim was first to carry Box Elder County and afterwards Weber County. Corinne, however, failed as a city to fulfill the high destiny cast for her by her founders, and the mantle of her promised future glory THE tribune's EDITORIAL. 313 «.nd power fell upon Ogden, to which place her principal citizens soon afterwards migrated. It may also be noticed that at this Corinne Convention the party received its name — The Liberal party of Utah. It had pre- viously been called by various names, — the National party — the Independent People's party — the Loyal Citizen's party; but up to this date the name of the ISTational party of Utah was preferred. At Corinne the first Territorial Central Committee was elected, ot which committee F. J. Kiesel, the present Mayor of Ogden, was a member; and there that Central Committee held its first session. At Corinne the Liberal party nominated its original candidate for Congress and constructed its first platform, which is a unique and valuable document to be preserved in Utah's political history, but not more so than the following editorial of the Salt Lake Tribune on the platform, which to-day will be read with interest and aston- ishment. "THE LIBEEAL POLITICAL PARTY OF UTAH. " We present in this issue, by request of the Committee, the ' Platform' of the Convention by which Gen. Maxwell was nominated as Delegate to Congress at the next election. As our readers will observe, there are some excellent points in this platform both with respect to the development of our mineral lands, as well as with reference to the supremacy of the United States Government in Utah, on both of which subjects we believe all intelligent and right minded persons will heartily endorse the sentiments of the Convention. Justice and fair dealing, however, require us to state that we do not agree with the views expressed by the ' party ' in reference to Governmental interference in the question of polygamy. ' ' Our views on the subject of polygamy|have been set forth repeatedly. Polyg- amy as practised in Utah to-day, as also the whole marriage question as presented by the orthodox priesthood, are our special horror ; but we believe in the right ot all men and women to decide their own marriage relations. We consider marriage purely a moral question, and we go in for unlimited freedom of thought as to what is moral or immoral. When we once allow political parties to define morals for us we are open to be hampered and chained to the views of any religious section that may have the greatest amount of influence. We are for removing all religious and moral questions without the limits of political jurisdiction. In our opinion all that mankind need is sufficient education, literature and the refinements of art, and every man is thereafter a ' Congress ' in himself as to what is pure or impure. "For ourselves we see no necessity for legislative interference. Built, as polygamy is in a majority of cases, on a cold sense of religious duty it needs no blow against it— it is coming down of itself The mothers of Utah are against it, and that is sufficient ' legislation ' on the subject. This rushing to Congress to tear down a falling house is a work of supererogation in our opinion. Let Congress understand that there is no question whether polygamy can be revolutionized in Utah — it is being done. A wide-spread change in public sentiment is working. You meet it, already, on every comer. You almost sense it in the very air. It needs but to be let alone to do its work, and it will do it effectually, and without heart-burnings or bitterness to the Government, and far quicker than any compul- sory enactment can ever bring it about. " We hold that the people of Utah are appealable to by reason as much as any other people, while they are just as hard to convert by legislative enactments. We want to see reason alone brought to bear on this question. That which cannot be effected by an appeal to the judgment, we are very willing to go without. " On these grounds we object to that portion of the Platform of the ' Liberal political party of Utah,' which relates to legal interference in the Utah marriage question. We take precisely the same view of the case that a large proportion of men and journals east, do — that all such measures are anti-republican and behind 314 tullidgb's histories. the age, and calculated only to embalm error and superstition in the minds of their devotees. But while we are thus opposed to submitting questions of morality to legislative decision, we believe in honoring the law-making department with all that respect which is due to 'the exercise of its important functions ; at the same time claiming the right to object to and constitutionally set aside all laws we con- sider infringements on individual rights, as do all other American citizens. " As a Movement we endorse no particular nomination. Our business is to free the people— teach them to think for themselves and encourage them to the fullest use of that freedom, uninfluenced by religious leaders of any kind. _ Like all men we have our personal influence, and that we shall use, as we advise all others to do, in supporting these men who believe most in upholding individual freedom of judgment and action." This editorial is from the pen of Mr. E. L. T. Harrison. Apart from the necessary admission from a member of the Liberal Party that Mormon polygamy was abominable, this manifesto of Godbeite political doctrine simply meant, — that as the Mormon people in their religious sincerity and good faith had entered into polygamic family relations, the American people in their great constitutional consideration ought to allow the Mormons time — say one generation — to abolish those relations themselves. It was just upon this anti-polygamic plank of the Liberal plat- form that the coalition between the Gentiles and, the Godbeites split in 1871, after their grand celebration of the Fourth of July, at the Liberal Institute, which the Godbeites built. The fact was, "Wm. S. Godbe and his compeers, Harrison, Kelsey, Lawrence, Shearman and Tullidge, too deeply sympathized with their Mormon brethren and sisters to enter into an organized crusade against them in their family relations. From this digression over the platform of the Liberal Party, we must return at once to the special subject — the political history of the north. After it became manifest that destiny had chosen Ogden as the junction and commercial city of the north, and after the removal of the enterprising merchants arid bankers of Corinne to the junc- tion city, the political battle ground was also transposed to Ogden. The political action of the Liberals of "Weber County began early in the year 1871. The year 1882 was the grandest occasion in the political history of our territory, for the People's Party and the Liberal Party alike, both contesting gallantly for the laurels of the day. Hon. John T. Caine and Judge Philip T. Van Zile were the champions and the seat in Congress the prize. Ogden's great historical mark of the year was made in the political campaign, which opened a new era in Utah politics. She gave a foremost account of herself in the convention of the People's Party held in Salt Lake City in October. The "Weber delegation held quite a controlling political influence on that occasion, just as Ogden did in the subsequent campaign. The delegation consisted of F. S. Richards, Judge P. K. "Williams, Joseph Stanford, L. "W. Shurtliff and JST. Tanner. The convention opened with Judge "Williams as temporary t> THE people's ratification AT OGDEN.- 315 chairman; in the whole business of the convention this delegation took a most active part, and when the balloting came for delegate to Congress, F. S. Richards was the first nominated. He, however,, declined and himself nominated the Hon. John T. Caine. Thus Weber County held this year the balance of power, and when the action came Ogden was made the great battle field for both parties. There the grand ratification began, and there the action, so far as the leaders were concerned, may be said to have ended in a splendid demonstration on both sides, on the night of the 6th of ]S"ovember, previous to the casting of the votes of the citizens the next day. We give the opening of the grand campaign on the side of the People's Party in the following sketch from the Ogden Herald: " On Saturday night, at seven o'clock, numerous lights in the City Hall yard betokened some extraordinary occasion. Soon the lively strains of music gave tone to the preparations and amidst the flaming torchlights a long procession, preceded by a mighty banner of the Stars and Stripes, and formed by the Ogden Brass Band, Fireman's Brigade, and Fourth Ward Brass Band, (all in full and gorgeous uniform) passed down Fifth Street to near the corner of Franklin, where in front of the residence of Hon. F. S. Richards, a halt was made and after several fine performances by the bands, the procession formed again, now including Hons. George Q. Cannon, F. D. Richards, John T. Caine, D. H. Peery, Lorin Farr, Judge Dusenberry, S. R. Thurman, Charles W. Penrose and other distinguished citizens. The cortege, brilliant and dignified, amid the stirring sounds of martial music, then passed to Fourth Street, to Young, thence to Fifth, up to Main, and thence to the Tabernacle, being followed by an ever-swelling multitude. "On arrival in the Tabernacle the Ogden Brass Band dis- coursed the stirring tune of the 'Star Spangled Banner,' while the distinguished gentlemen took seats on the platform. The vast edifice was not only crowded to its utmost capacity but hundreds stood outside, while hundreds had to return with disappointment. " The audience was called to order by the chairman, Hon. D. H. Peery, who was thankful for the honor shown him, and stated the object of the meeting, to do good to all men, irrespective of creed and denomination. After referring to the people's candidate for the Delegateship of Utah Territory to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses who would receive the sufirages of the people from the Rio Colorado in the south, to the Bear Lake in the north, he gave way to Hon. F. S. Richards, who, in a strong and impressive voice read the Declaration of Principles, which he pre- mised by a vigorous and eloquent introduction, in which he indi- cated the right of the sovereign people, eliciting loud and hearty applause. The reading of the platform of the People's Party was interrupted with frequent and powerful signs of approval on the part of the audience." Then came great and thrilling speeches to the People's party from Hon. Samuel R. Thurman, Hon. Charles W. Penrose, Candi- 316 • tullidge's hisiomes. date John T. Caine, Judge Warren IST. Dusenberry, and Ex-Delegate Hon. George Q. Cannon. The Ogden Herald's sketch closes thus : " Hon. G-eo. Q. Cannon was introduced amid a storm of applause. He was pleased to meet on this occasion for the ratifica- tion of the nomination of Hon. John T. Caine and endorsed it warmly as a wise and patriotic selection. Taking up the suggestion of Judge Dusenberry — to judge a party by its fruits — he referred to the action of a certain official in the territory in depriving the people of their choice and vote. He could not conceive how any true American citizen could abide by it or sanction it. By the experience of many years the speaker knew it was the object of the opponents of the people of Utah to entirely subjugate them and subject them to vassalage. He himself had fought such schemes in the halls and committee rooms of Congress and fought them suc- cessfully, with fair means, without spending one dollar of money. Then the enemies of the people had to resort to foul means and an ofiicial of the Government in the Territory had to perjure himself in order to accomplish their fell designs. " The principles of the people are eternal. Men may come and men may go. We have seen many corps of Mormon fighters, who derived all their notoriety from their opposition to the people of Utah. But we are contending for rights that are eternal. We may be deprived of them for a time, but they are still ours. " Vote for Hon. John T. Caine! The other side means plun- der, means increased taxation, means a bonded debt for Utah." " On motion of Hon. Charles W. Penrose a rousing, unanimous vote of confidence and thanks was expressed to Hon. George Q. Cannon for the able and faithful manner in which he had for many years represented Utah Territory in the National Legislature. " Hon. James Sharp in a few hearty, pointed words endorsed the People's platform and the People's candidate, recommending him to the vote, not only to every member of the People's Party, but to every lover of Constitutional liberty. "On motion of Joseph Stanford, Esq., a rousing, unanimous endorsement was given to the People's platform and to the nomina- tion of Hon. John T. Caine for Delegate from Utah to Congress. " Hon. D. H. Peery, with a short, vigorous address, endorsed the nomination of John T. Caine 'from Texas to Maine.' " Votes of thanks of the chairman and speakers, on motion of K Tanner, Jr., Esq. " Three cheers to the People's delegate — Hon. John T. Caine ! "The bands and firemen, with their torches, again formed in procession to escort the distinguished gentlemen to the depot, where Hon. John T. Caine expressed his thanks to those who had con- tributed to make the occasion such a brilliant success. The special train then carried away the honorable gentlemen, amid strains of the music. " The vast audience, which had been uniformly orderly, atten- JUDGE VAN ZILB'S SPEECH. 317 tive and genial, slowly dispersed, the great majority unswervingly determined to go to the polls on November 7th and deposit their ballots for the people's choice — Hon. John T. Caine." — [Ogden Herald.^ The Liberal party also held their first rally at Ogden. Indeed, the able candidate of the opposition and his lieutenants were fore- most in opening the campaign. The majority of those of that party who went out to stir up the people of this Territory to a lively interest, touching the imperative duties and vital issues of the present and future, were experienced political leaders and able electioneering orators. Though, of course, they could neither carry the Territory on the Liberal side, nor hope to do so, yet they fought through the campaign with as much courage and genuine party zeal as if victory were certain. Their grand assumption has rang out trumpet-tounged that this is but the beginning of the end. We cannot follow either party in this stirring campaign; but, as illustrative of the Liberal tone and the weight of the conflict in its present and future action, we present to our readers a passage from the great speech of Judge Van Zile, delivered at the grand rally in Salt Lake City, in the closing of the campaign : " Something has happened in the Territory of Utah. A change has come over the spirit of our dreams. An interest that seems to know no bounds has been and is being awakened in this fair Terri- tory, and from all sides it is sending up the cry like that of one of old — ' What shall I do to be saved?' and the answer is going back from the great Liberal party of tJtah, for it is no longer a weakling, ' Repent and be baptized every one of you;' ' Come out from among them.' Stand on our side for liberty, for good government, and for 'Uncle Sam.' "I am anxious here to-night, as I have been throughout this entire campaign, to discuss simply and purely the political issues that divide the people of Utah. I have not attempted so far in this controversy, nor shall I to-night, to make a theological argument. I have no sermons to preach. I have a political argument to make — it's politics and not theology that I am going to talk about, there- fore I shall not stop to ask you what church you belong to ; whether you are a Methodist, a Presbyterian, a Congregationalist or a Mormon. So far as I am concerned I grant you the right, and it is your privilege to belong to any religious denomination you please. I have no quarrel to make with you upon your religious belief; and allow me to say further that I have no abuse for man, woman or child — unless you consider it abuse to disagree with you upon the political issues of this campaign. I leave abuse and low- bred slurs entirely to those of my opponents who have so far been so prompt to use them, for they seem to be their only weapons. It is their natural diet, and I hope they will not change, for it would injure their health, and they are so weak now that a slight injury would certainly carry them off. No, leave the abuse to the few :318 tullidge's histories. would-be leaders of the People's party. We have so many argu- ments and good reasons for the position we occupy that we have no time, if we had the disposition, to stop and notice the low flings and personalities that some of our opponents have tried to bring into this canvass, and those who are doing the dirty work ought not to expect it. I haven't time to go about stepping on insects, I want to talk to the people — the men and women of two great parties. I want to appeal to their brains, not to their passions. I want to convince them if I can that the Liberal party is right in this struggle. I want to show them that the great Liberal party of Utah is the only true friend the people of TJtah have. I want to convince them that this Liberal party is opening up the way to a great and glorious future for Utah. That it is a party of progress ; and that the People's party has been and is to-day just the reverse. In order to do that I appeal to your judgment, to your thinking faculties, not to your passions ; and though some would-be news- papers and would-be leaders may stand by the wayside and howl with rage, and heap upon me abuse, and try to exasperate the people — I say to you that while I pity them because they have nothing better to meet us with, I cannot spend time to quarrel with them ; life is too short ; and if the march is as rapid in the future as it is now, we shall soon be entirely out of the range of guns of such calibre. "Ifow, in this campaign there are some things that we must all admit. There is some common ground. I desire to-night to start upon this common ground. As I look into the faces of this vast audience I recognize men and women who I know have left the shores of foreign countries where they had home and friends and have come here to America, and renouncing 'all allegiance to every foreign king, prince, and potentate,' have adopted this country as their home. Others I see who have been born upon this soil, and are citizens — native born citizens. The former class are American citizens because they had heard of the fair fame of this country and had caught up the inspiration away across the seas : the latter have breathed it in the very air, and been taught it at their mother's knees. I therefore assume as a settled fixed fact — a fact about which there is no dispute — that all of us, whether we be of the Liberal party or the People's party, whether we be Gentile, apostate or Mormon, believe and know that this is the best, the grandest, iind the most magnanimous government that God has ever per- mitted to live. "Is there any dispute about this? Can't we all agree to it? Well, I take it, theti, that on this we can stand side by side. We can't aflbrd to obstruct the Government." The political action of 1882 found its resolution early in the jear 1883 in the municipal election of Ogden. All through the late campaign for Delegate to Congress the Liberal party had their -eye on the forthcoming Ogden City election in February, which was doubtless one of the principal reasons of that party making DIVISION IN THE OGDBN PARTY. 319 such splendid efforts to rival the People's Party in the Ogden demonstrations of the great campaign. ITone expected that Judge Van Zile would carry the election throughout the Territory against John T. Caine, who marshaled "Young Mormondom" and took the field, while the veteran founders of the Territory sat back in their easy chairs, confident of the result, notwithstanding their own disfranchisement; nor were the Liberal Party much surprised that John T. Caine carried a majority over Van Zile nearly equal to the entire vote of the Hon. George Q. Cannon at the previous election. But it was quite possible for the Liberal party to carry Ogden at the municipal election of 1883, and to this end they bent all their energies. Moreover, when the February election came, for a moment a seeming eruption in the People's party enhanced the promise of victory for the Liberal party. Mayor Herrick and the men who had served in the city council were undoubtedly both popular and able men, but the Edmunds bill rendering it necessary for Mayor Herrick to retire, one division of the People's party resolved on an entirely new ticket for the Ogden City council. Effecting quite an unexpected coup d' etat at their primaries, this division sent a majority of delegates to the nominating convention, and the new ticket was constructed with Hon. D. H. Peery for Mayor. From this date it would seem the star of the Liberal party entered its ascendant. It was the first year (1883) that the party had chosen a distinctive candidate. The honor fell on Mr. J. S. Lewis, a man of integrity and character, entirely destitute of anti- Mormon malice and respected by all classes of citizens. In the second contest of the parties, in the year 1885, the Liberal party chose Mr. Fred J. Kiesel for its standard bearer, when he received 946 votes to David Peery's 1085 votes. So rapidly did the Liberal party grow that in 1887 Mr. Kiesel received 1,254 votes. The party was quite confident of victory, but the People's party carried the election, with David Eccles, Mayor. A political "mani- fest destiny," however, was on the side of the Liberal ; Ogden City had been greatly built up by the Gentiles, and their time had come to rule. Confident of victory, the Liberal party rallied to the polls at the municipal election of February, 1889, and won the issue by a majority of 545. Fred. J. Kiesel's head to-day wears the laurel crown of Utah politics. True he is not the first Gentile mayor in Utah, for Park City has given the first ; but the Park is, after all, merely an incorporated mining camp, which can little affect the politics of Utah, though the miningpower mayyetgive us members to Congress. Ogden, on her part, is the second muni- cipality in our State (for State Utah will be) ; and Ogden City, in 1889, has given the Gentiles the victory. Should Salt Lake City, in the near future, follow the example, as the Liberals hopefully anticipate, it will change the whole face of Utah politics. There must then be a reconstruction of parties, dissolving both the People's party and Liberal party, giving place to the great 320 tullidge's histories. national parties — Democrat and Republican; a consummation devoutly to be wished. Meantime, Fred. J. Kiesel, of Ogden weara the crown of our municipal politics, conferred upon him by the Liberal Party.* D ROBllTE COURTS, CHAPTER I. Origin of the Civil and Criminal Jurisdiction of the Probate Courts of Utah. Correspondence of Judge Snow with the Governments. The subject of our Probate Courts, and the extraordinary jurisdiction, civil and criminal, that was given them by the Utah Legislature, at the very organization of the judicial branch of our Territorial government, is worthy of a sufficient exposition in this volume. And for this purpose; the historian cannot do better than to choose the Probate Court of Weber County, during the adminis- tration of Judge Franklin D. Richards, whose portrait heads these chapters, opening the subject with a general historical review of our Probate Courts and their jurisdiction prior to the passage of the Poland Bill. In July, 1851, four of the Federal officers arrived in Great Salt Lake City, and waited upon his Excellency Governor Young. They were Lemuel G. Brandebury, Chief Justice, and Perry E. Brochus, and Zerubbabel Snow, Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the Territory, and B. D. Harris the Secretary. Governor Brigham Young, United States Attoraey Seth M. Blair and United States Marshal Joseph L. Heywood were all residents of Great Salt Lake City. At this time there had not been any session of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory under the Organic Law. The newly- arrived Federal officers enquired the reason why the legislature had not been organized, upon which they were informed that there were no mails from the States during the winter season, and that the official news of the passage of the Act did not reach this city till March of that year. Soon after their arrival Governor' Young *For Mr. Kiesel's career in Utah, see my biographical sketch of him in thi& volume, written in 1887, in which he was forecast as the future mayor of Ogden. (J^/ l^O-fLCUocU PROBATE COUUTS. 321 issued a proclamation, as provided in Section 16 of the Organic Law, defining the judicial districts of the Territory, and assigning the judges to their respective districts. His other proclamation, calling for an election in August, brought the Legislature into existence, and the two branches of the Territorial Government were thus duly established. Early in the following September, a special conference of the Mormon Church was held in Great Salt Lake City, one of the purposes of which was to send a block of Utah marble or granite as the Territorial contribution to the Washington Monument at the Capital. It was the first time that the Federal ofiicers had found the opportunity to appear in a body before the assembled citizens, as the representatives of the United States, since the organ- ization of the Territory. An excellent occasion surely was this, in the design of the leaders of the community, who called that special conference, and there can be no doubt that harmony and good will were sought to be encouraged between the Federal officers and the people. Chief Justice Brandebury, Secretary Harris and Associate Justice Brocchus were honored with an invitation to sit on the plat- form with the leaders of the community. This association of Mor- mon and Gentile on the stand was very fitting on such an occasion,, considering that Governor Brigham Young, Associate Justice Zerubbabel Snow, United States Attorney Seth M. Blair, and United States Marshal Joseph L. Heywood, though Mormons, were also their Federal colleagues. But it seems that one of their num- ber — Associate Justice Brocchus — had chosen this as a fitting time to correct and rebuke the community relative to their peculiar religious and social institutions. Having rendered themselves unpopular and being neither able to arraign a whole community for their religious institutions, nor strong enough to set aside Governor Young and his three Federal colleagues, who stood with the people, Chief Justice Brandebury, Associate Justice Brocchus and Secretary Harris resolved to leave the Territory. But previous to their leaving, they called a Supreme Court, which was held in Great Salt Lake City, though no law had been passed fixing the time and place for holding it. At this court, as an original suit, an injunction was granted. Associate Justice Snow dissented. He said the bill, he thought, was a good cause for the injunction, yet he opposed it on two grounds: 1st. — There was not any law fixing the time and place of hold- ing the Supreme Court. 2nd. — The Supreme Court had not original jurisdiction in chancery, and the District Court had, which was provided for in the Governor's proclamation. Chief Justice Brandebury and Associate Justice Brocchus left Great Salt Lake City together. Soon afterwards Secretary Harris followed their example, carrying away with him the $24,000 which had been appropriated by Congress for the per diem and mileage of the Legislature. A full review of this controversy of the Federal Judges with 38 322 tullidgb's histories. the Mormon community will be found in my history of Salt Lake City. Previous to the departure of the Federal officers in question, Associate Justice Z. Snow wrote to President Fillmore stating that he had earnestly labored with his compeers to prevail upon them to re-consider their resolve, which being in vain he had remonstrated with them against their leaving the Territory without a full judicial branch of the government; further stated to President Fillmore that he should remain at his post of duty to aid the executive and legislative departments of the young Territory, unless otherwise directed by the general government. Governor Young also wrote to President Fillmore a lengthy and an extraordinary letter which is in itself a chapter of history. After the departure of these Federal officers from Great Salt Lake City, Governor Young appointed Willard Richards Secretary of the Territory pro tern. This appointment, and several other informal acts, which had become necessary in the absence of the regular officials in a newly organized Territory, was duly reported to the Department of State. Daniel "Webster sustained them, and the bills of Willard Richards, which were signed " Secretary pro ferrt., appointed by the Governor," were allowed by the Department and paid. The Utah Legislature also, finding the United States Judiciary in the Territory inoperative, passed the following act authorizing Associate Justice Zerubbabel Snow to hold the courts in all the districts: ' ' AN ACT CONCERNING THE JUDICIARY, AND FOR JUDICIAL PURPOSES. ''Sec. ]. Be it enacted by the Governor and Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah, That the first Judicial District for said Territory, shall consist of, and embrace the following counties and districts of country, to wit : — Great Salt Lake, Davis, Weber, Tooele, and Utah Counties, and all districts of country lying east, north and west of said counties in said Territory. The Second Judicial District shall consist of Millard and San Pete Counties, and all districts of country lying south of the south line of latitude of Utah County, and north of the south line of latitude of Millard County, within said Territory. And the Third Judicial District shall consist of Iron County, and all districts of country lying south of the south line of latitude of Millard County, in said Territory. "Sec 2. The Honorable Zerubbabel Snow, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States for the Territory of Utah, shall reside within the First Judicial District, and hold courts in the following order, viz. : on the first Monday in January and July at Great Salt Lake City ; on the first Monday of April at Ogden City, in Weber County ; and on the first Monday of October at Provo City in Utah County, in each year : Provided, the said Zerubbabel Snow, Asso- ciate Justice, shall hold his first court on the first Monday of October in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-one, at Great Salt Lake City, and omit said court dur- ing said year at Provo, in Utah County. "Sec. 3. The Honorable Zerubbabel Snow is hereby authorized and required to hold two courts in the Second Judicial District in each year, to-wit: on the first Monday of November at Manti, in Sanpete County : and on the first Monday in May at Fillmore, in Millard County. "Sec. 4. The Honorable Zerubbabel Snow is further authorized and required to hold one court for the Third Judicial District, viz; on the first Monday in June of each year, at Parowan City, in Iron County : and each session of said court in THE FIRST SESSION OF THE UTAH DISTRICT COURT. 323 its several districts shall be kept open at least one week, and may adjourn to any other place -in each of said districts respectively : Provided, the business of said oourt shall so require. " Sec. 5 The foregoing acts are, and shall be in force until a full Bench of the Supreme Court of the United States for the Territory of Utah shall be sup- pUed by the President and Senate of the United States, after which the said Zerub- babel Snow shall serve only in the First Judicial District. "Approved October 4th, 1851." This officer afterwards, in a letter upon the first United States Courts held in Utah, thus states : " The Legislative Assembly met and, as the other judges had returned to the States, a law was passed authorizing me to hold the courts in all the districts. At my first court I examined the proceedings of the Governor in calling the Legisla- tive Assembly, and held them legal, though somewhat informal. This was reported to the Department of State, the Honorable Daniel Webster being Secretary, who sustained Governor Young and myself. This was the commencement of my judi- oial services." The first United States District Court was held in Great Salt Lake City. At the first term Judge Snow made use of the United States Attorney and United States Marshal, for Territorial business, there having been at that time no Territorial fee bill passed, which led to a, correspondence between tbe Judge and the Honorable Elisha "Whittlesey, Comptroller of the Treasury, the former asking a num- ber of questions relative to the practice of the United States in defraying the expenses of the Territorial courts, which was answered by the latter that the United States simply defrayed the expenses of its own business in the courts. The answers closed thus: "Lastly, I will observe that if the clerk, marshal, or attorney render any ser- vice in suits to which the Territory is a party the officer must obtain his pay from the Territory or from the county in which such suit may be prosecuted. It should appear affirmatively on the face of every account that every item of it is a legal and just claim against the United States ; and the details and dates should be stated, as required by my circular of December 5th, otherwise the marshal should not pay it. " This led to the passage of a Territorial fee bill. But U. S. District Courts with only one judge present to administer in all the districts, were inadequate to the judicial wants of the young Territory whose counties were so, widely scattered; so February 4th, 1852, the law was passed giving jurisdiction to the Probate Courts in civil and criminal cases. The following sections of the act will show its intents : Sec. 1. Be it enacted hy the Governor and Legislative Assembly of the Terri- tory of Utah. That the District Courts shall exercise original jurisdiction, both in civil and criminal cases, when not otherwise provided by law. They shall also have a general supervision over all inferior courts, to prevent and correct abuses where no remedy is provided. Sec. 23. There shall be a Judge of Probate in each county within the Terri- tory, whose jurisdiction within his Court in all oases, arises within their respective counties under the laws of the Territory ; said Judge shall be elected by the joint vote of the Legislative Assembly, and commissioned by the Governor ; they shall hold their offices for the term of four years, and until their successors are elected 324 tullidge's histories. and qualified. They shall be qualified and sworn by any person authorized to administer oaths, and give bonds and security in the sum of not less than ten thou- sand dollars, to be approved by the Clerk of the District Court or the Judge thereof, and filed in his ofl&ce. Sec. 24. In case of a vacancy occurring in the office of Judge of the Probate, the Grovernor may appoint and fill such vacancy until the riext succeeding Legisla- tive Assembly, or some subsequent one, shall elect one ; said Judge of Probate so appointed shall qualify and give bond as above provided. Sec. 25. The Probate court shall be considered in law as always open ; but the Judge shall hold regular sessions on the second Mondays of March, June, Sep- tember and December of each year, and shall continue at each session one week, or until the business ready for trial shall be disposed of Sec. 26. When the District court is to sit in a county on any of the days appointed in the preceding section for the cessions of the Probate court, the latter shall be held on the Monday preceding, and when the Judge is required by law to perform any duty which takes him from the county, on one of the appointed days, the session of the court shall be holden on the following Monday, of such day as the Judge may appoint. Sec. 27. The Judge of Probate has jurisdiction of the Probate of Wills, the administration of the estates of deceased persons, and of the guardianship of minors, idiots and insane persons. Sec. 28. The Probate records shall be kept in books separate from those of the other business of the court. Sec. 29. The several Probate courts in their respective counties, have power to exercise original jurisdiction both civil and criminal, and as well in Chancery as at Common law, when not prohibited by legislative enactment ; and they shall be governed in all respects by. the same general rules and regulations as regards prac- tice as the District courts. Sec. 30. Appeals are allowed from all decrees or decisions of the Probate to the District courts, except when otherwise expressed on the merit of any matter affecting the rights or interests of individuals. * * . * * Sec. 32. The Probate Judges in their respective counties shall appoint a Clerk, who shall keep his office at the county seat, and who shall attend all sessions of the Probate Court, as also sessions of the County Court, for the transaction of county business. It shall be the duty of the Clerk of the Probate Court to keep a true and faithful record of all the proceedings in the Probate Court in session, entering distinctly each step in the progress of any proceedings ; but such record shall be equally valid if made by the Judge. Sec. 33. The Clerks of the District Courts and of the Probate Courts respec- tively, are hereby required to report to the Secretary of the Territory, on or before the first Monday in November of each year, the number of convictions for all crime and misdemeanors, in their respective courts, for the year preceding such report. * * * Sec. 34. The Probate Judge in connection with the selectmen, is hereby invested with the usual powers and jurisdiction of county commissioners, and with such other powers and jurisdiction as are conferred by law, and in this connection they shall be known as the County Court. ** ** * * ** Sec. 35. This court is authorized and required to take the management of all county business. * * * Sec. 43. The Judges of the District and Probate Courts shall be conservators of the peace in their respective districts and counties throughout the Territory, and it is their duty to use all diligence and influence in their power to prevent litigation. Simultaneous with the passage of this act in relation to the judiciary, an act was passed creating the offices of attorney-general and marshal for the Territory. Notwithstanding the controversy which afterwards grew up between the U. S. District Courts and the Territorial courts, relative POWERS OF PROBATE COURTS. 325 to this jurisdiction and business of their respective officers, which was at length settled by the Poland Bill, it is evident from the his- tory of the case that these acts of the Legislature were necessary to meet the exigencies of the times. Consider for a moment that until 1853 there was no United States Supreme Court sitting in the Ter- ritory and only one U. S. Judge to fill the duties of all the districts. But without a lengthy argument of the case, it is sufficient for the historian to affirm that the Legislature deemed it imperatively nec- essary for the general interests of society to confer civil and crimi- nal jurisdiction on the Probate Courts and to create Territorial officers for the execution of the Territorial business. It is a per- version of the history to affirm that this was done either to set aside the TJ. S. District Courts or to institute a conflict with them. The reason in fine was the desertion of the Chief Justice and one of his associates, accompanied by the Secretary of the Territory and Indian Agent, carrying away all the government funds. It is not necessary to again review their conduct, or to re-affirm the jus- tification of Governor Young and the Mormon community, but simply to repeat the connecting cause of the powers which the Leg- islature conferred upon the Probate Courts and the creation of the Territorial officers. Associate Justice Snow was not set aside by the Legislature, but an enabling act was passed authorizing him to hold United States Courts in all the districts; at the same time jurisdiction was given to the Probate Courts in civil and criminal affairs in the interestof the commonwealth, lest it should be left altogether unable to administer in the departments of justice, which would have been the case at that moment had Associate Justice Snow died or left the Territory. Mr. Magraw himself, at-the time of the " Utah War," unintentionally illustrated this point, when he told the President that the Probate Court was the only existing tri- bunal in Utah, "there being but one of the three federal judges now in the Territory." This was the exact case at the onset when the Probate Court was created. Already extracts have been made from the correspondence between Judge Snow and the Hon. Elisha Whittlesey, who drew a long line of demarkation between United States and Territorial business, making it absolutely necessary for the Territory to assume the responsibility and cost of its own business. This, however, the Legislature did against its own judgment, holding that the Terri- torial District Courts were really United States Courts. Judge Snow, continuing the correspondence, discussing the subject with the Comptroller of the Treasury in behalf of his court and the Leg- islature, said in his letter of February 8th, 1853 : To enable you to fully understand the present situation of things, before pro- ceeding further, I will inform you that the Legislative Assembly passed an act, approved October 4th, 1851, authorizing and requiring me, for a limited time, to hold all the courts in the Territory, but said nothing about jurisdiction, appellate or original. (See Utah Laws, p. 37.) February 4th, 1 852, another act was approved, giving jurisdiction to the dis- trict courts in all cases, civil and criminal, also in chancery. (See ib., p. 38, sec. %) 326 tullidgb's histories. The same law gave jurisdiction to the Probate Courts, civil and criminal also in chancery. (See ib., p. 42, sec. 36.) An act was approved March 3rd, 1852, pro- viding lor the appointment of a territorial marshal, attorney-general and district attorneys, to attend to legal business in the district courts when the lerritory should be interested. (See »,, pp. 56, 57.) .. • • ■ w 4. .v I do not intend to be understood as expressing any opinion in relation to the legality of these several enactments, but I only mention them to enable you to understand the present views of the Legislative Assembly, as expressed m a report to which I shall soon refer. This report was called out by reason of the non-pay- ment of these costs. I having referred the claimants to the Legislative Assembly, they procured my certificate of their correctness and petitioned for payment. The petition was referred to a committee on claims, and to enable that committee to understand the subject, the council passed a resolution, requesting me to inform them of the amount of costs of holding the courts for the past year, distinguishing those which in my opinion should be paid by the general government from those payable by the Territory. „ . . . With this request I complied, and gave the reasons ot my opinion, acting on the principle that the reasons of an opinion are often of iar more value than the opinion itself In so doing I laid before them my correspondence with you, and referred to such of the laws of the United States as in my opinion had a bearing on the subject, and to the enactments. I also went minutely into the usual officers of the courts and expenses attendant upon them, and showed how these officers and courts are usually paid, in both civil and criminal cases, together with the payment of the incidental expenses, making my answer quite lengthy, too much so for inser- tion in this communication. This committee reported adversely to payment by the Territory, but upon what principle I have not been informed. The subject was then referred to a judiciary committee, composed of some of the best members of the council. This committee reported adversely to payment by the Territory, and gave their reasons. This report was adopted, therefore 1 proceed to notice the positions taken by them. They commence with what they call the equity of the principle involved in the question presented, saying that nearly all the costs of courts here have accrued by reason of emigration passing through here to California and Oregon, and that jus- tice requires the United States to pay such expenses. My experience in the courts thus far justifies the firm belief that the facts here assumed are correctly stated. See my concluding remark in my letter of July 10th. But with this equitable consideration, I am unable to see what I have to do, though I can see its bearing when addressed to the political branches of the government by whom and to whom that matter was then addressed. They further take the position that the United States and the Territory of Utah respectively must sustain and bear the expenses, direct and incidental, of the officers and offices of its own creation, that the supreme and district courts were created, not by a law of Utah, but by a law of the United States ; and as such, by the Organic Act, they have jurisdiction, civil and criminal, in all cases not arising out of the constitution and laws of the United States, unless such jurisdiction should be limited by a law of the Territory ; that Congress, by extending the constitution and laws of the United States over the Territory, and creating courts and appoint- ing officers to execute these laws, had done what was her right and duty to do, but, as she had seen fit to go further and give jurisdiction to her courts and require her officers to execute the laws of the Territory, it had become her duty to sustain these courts and officers, and bear their expenses ; that the Territorial Legislature, by giving jurisdiction to these courts and dividing the Territory into districts, had done nothing but discharge a duty which Congress had required at their hands, but this did not require them to bear any part of the expenses ; that these courts took jurisdiction in all oases, not by virtue of the Territorial laws, but by a law of Con- gress ; that the Territories, by their Organic Acts, are not independent govern- ments within the meaning of the term that all just powers emanate from the gov- ernment, but are subordinate, dependent branches of government ; that Congress did not intend to give any court jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases at common law and in chancery, but the supreme and district courts, and, as she had reserved the right to nullify any act of the Legislative Assembly, she could enforce obedience CREATION OF THE TBURITOEY OF UTAH. 327 to her mandates : that, with such a state of things, it is contrary to every principle of justice and sound legislation to require so dependent a branch of government to bear any part of the expenses of enforcing the laws ; that the officers, having charge of that branch of public service, ought not to so construe the acts of Con- gress as to produce such results, so long as the laws will admit of a construction consistent with justice and sound legislation ; that, in their opinion, the acts of Congress did nut require such a construction, but on the contrary, they strongly indicated, if they did not require, ihe construction contended for by them ; and that the same principle which would require such dependencies to pay a -part (of the expenses) would require them to pay the whole, and with that construction Congress might, at the expense of the Territories, impose upon them any embodi- ment of officers she, in her discretion, might see fit to send, which never could have been intended by the framers of the constitution. This report concludes by recommending that these costs be referred to me, with the opinion of the council that they are payable out of the annual appropria- tions made by Congress for defraying the expenses of the circuit and district courts of the United States, and by recommending that the laws of Utah be so amended as to take away the jurisdiction of the probate courts at common law, civil and criminal, and in chancery, and abolish the offices of Territorial marshal, attorney- general and district attorneys, so that the United States, by her judges, attorneys and marshals, may. execute the laws of the Territory. But, as this report was not made until a late day in this session, the laws were not so amended. Should the next Legislative Assembly in these matters concur with this, the laws above referred to will either be repealed or modified. It will be seen by this report of the committee that -the Utah Legislature, as early as 1852-53, desired to do what, after twenty years of conflict, was accomplished, — namely, to limit the jurisdic- tion of the Probate Courts and to abolish those Territorial offices which had been created, from necessity, "so that the United States, by her judges, attorneys and marshals, may execute the laws of the Territory." In reviewing the history of our Probate Courts we discern the following facts : Ist. That on the 9th of September 1850, Congress passed an organic act creating the Territory of Utah with the three branches of government namely the Executive, Legislative and Judicial. 2nd. That Grovernor Brigham Young having received the news by way of California through special couriers on the night of January 27th, 1851, immediately summoned the G-eneral Assembly of the State of Deseret and that Assembly being informed of the creation of the Territory of Utah forthwith dissolved itself to give effect to the Territorial Act, thus evincing a loyal desire to build at once upon the foundation which Congress had laid even though it set aside their beloved State of Deseret. 8rd. That on the third of February, 1851, Brigham Young took the oath of office and thereupon issued his proclamation calling for a general election in August to set up the Legislative branch of the government. 4th. That the Federal Judges and Secretary did not arrive until July, 1851, when several of them reproached the governor for not sooner setting up the Territorial government whereas both the governor and the people had nearly consummated every part of the work excepting the Judicial branch of the government before the arrival of the Federal Judges. 328 tullidgb's histories. 5th. That soon after their arrival Governor Young issued a proclamation defining the judicial districts of the Territory and assigning the judges to their respective districts, and that both the Governor and the Legislature repeatedly sought the co-operation of said judges to organize the judicial branch of the government. 6th. That two of the judges and the secretary hy evident design made an issue between themselves and the entire community after which they deserted their post of duty leaving the Territory without U. S. Courts, no quorum of U. S. Judges, no original District Court having been held giving either organization or precedent, no secretary of State or Territory and all the funds to pay the expenses of the government carried away by the absconders. 7th. That under these extraordinary circumstances the governor appointed a secretary pro tern, and the Legislature created Probate Courts with civil and criminal jurisdiction, and passed a Territorial fee bill ; that Daniel Webster, the then Secretary of State, justified the work thus done, and allowed the bills of Secretary Willard Richards, and caused the "runaway" judges and secretary to be dismissed from ofiSice. 8th. That instead of the Territorial Legislature having attempted or desired to set aside the TJ. S. District Courts, by the creation of extraordinary Probate Courts, we have positive evidence, from the correspondence between U. S. Judge Z. Snow and Hon. Elisha Whittlesey, Comptroller of the treasury, that the Utah Legislature, as early as 1852, recommended to the department at Washington "that the laws of Utah be so amended as to take away the juri,s- diction of the Probate Courts at common law, civil and criminal, and in chancery, and abolish the office of territorial marshal, attor- ney general and district attorneys, so that the United States, by her judges, attorneys and marshals may execute the laws of the Territory." 9th. That the United States did not take her own business into her own hands ; that until 1853 there was no Federal Supreme Court held in Utah; that even up to 1870 there were seldom more than one or two U. S. judges in the Territory at the same time ; that they were constantly "running away" or being removed by the President of the United States ; that oftentimes they would simply visit their districts, open court, adjourn on the first or second day and go home; that the U. S. department did .not furnish sufficient money "to run" U. S. Courts ; and the Mormon community, set- tling nearly all their cases in their Bishops' Courts and High Councils, gave not their "carcass" to the courts to pick; that this was the real cause of complaint against the Probate Courts; that as late as even James B. McKean's time the Third District Court came to a "dead lock" for want of funds and the Chief Justice in conwequence thereof discharged the jury and dismissed the court with his docket full of cases of the most important character; that since the judicial "crusade," as it is styled, began against the poly- gamous Mormons and the ehurch, the U. S. Courts of Utah have WEBBK COUNTY PROBATE COURT. 329 flourished as the "green bay tree;" that in consequence thereof, with rich and powerful District Courts, a troop of marshals, judges and prosecuting attorneys who constantly reside in their districts and an able and eloquent bar. Probate Courts are no longer needed as clothed with civil and criminal jurisdiction. 10th. And finally: That the Probate Courts of Utah as created by the Legislature, were at the onset absolutely needed for the causes set forth in this chapter; that had it not been for such courts with such jurisdiction these colonies of Utah would have been for the first quarter of a century almost destitute of any administration in civil and criminal affairs, depending wholly on their ecclesiastical courts, the people being a religious community ; that these Probate and County Courts did their work faithfully to the commonwealth at comparatively little cost; and finally that the Poland Bill confirmed and made valid the previous powers and administration and decrees of the Probate Courts. CHAPTEE II. The subject considered with the Probate Court of Weber County. Organization of that court. Historical links of its judges and list of officers. Weber County was organized by the provisional government of the State of Deseret in the latter part of the year 1849, but the exact date is not known, nor the organic act" extant which brought the first counties into existence. Judge Elias Smith, in his report to the Utah Legislature, answering the inquiries of its special committee relative to the organization and history of the counties, said: "I did not arrive here till September, 1851, shortly after the commencement of the first session of the Legislative Assembly. The laws passed by the provisional government of the State of Deseret were then in force; what the provisions of those laws were relative to the organization of counties I know not, as no reference thereto is made in the ordinances of the State of Deseret extant, but there are good reasons for believing that an ordinance was passed providing for the organization of counties, as county offices to some extent were created and the duty of incumbents defined. That county courts were provided for there is no doubt, but when and how constituted, no law nor record that I have seen indicates, neither have I been able to ascertain what powers were delegated to them, with few exceptions. If any record was made of the organi- sation of Salt Lake County or of the doings of its ofiicers and 330 tullidge's histories. courts during the existence of the State of Deseret, I have never been able to discover it." Similar is true of Weber County and its courts; but the " Third General Epistle of the Presidency of the Church to the Saints throughout the earth" vfiW throw some light upon the subject. Noting the business of the session in the winter of 1849-50 they wrote : " The General Assembly of Deseret have held an adjourned session at intervals throughout the winter and transacted much important business, such as dividing the different settlements into Weber, Great Salt Lake, Utah, Sanpete, Juab and Tooele Counties, and establishing county courts, with their judges, clerks and sheriffs and justices and constables in their several precincts ; also a supreme court, to hold its annual session in Great Salt Lake City, attended by a state marshal and attorney, and instituting a general jurispru- dence, so that every case, whether criminal or civil, may be attended to by officers of state according to law, justice and equity without delay." In his personal journal, date January, 1850, Governor Young notes : " As Governor of the Provisional State of Deseret, I approved of ordinances providing for the organization of the judiciary." Undoubtedly those ordinances and constitution of the County and Probate Courts of the Territory were afterwards re-enacted by the first Territorial Legislature, and compounded in that very act, (Chapter III, Utah Laws) which gave to these courts civil and crimi- nal jurisdiction, and from which we have quoted in the previous chapter. The " running away" of the U. S. judges made it neces- sary, it would seem, to continue this jurisdiction with which the Provisional Government had clothed the County and Probate Courts for a thorough administration of justice in the young com- monwealth of these colonies then in formation. The following act will show the re-organization of the County Courts by the Territorial Legislature in the first election of Probate Judges: "Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the Governor and Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah, in joint session assembled: That we do hereby elect the following persons for judges of probate in the several counties for the Territory of Utah, viz. : for Weber County, Isaac Clark; for Davis County, Joseph Holbrook; for Great Salt Lake County, Elias Smith; for Utah County, Preston Thomas; for Tooele County, Alfred Lee; for Juab County, George Bradley; for Sanpete County, George Peacock; for Millard County, Anson Call ; and for Iron County, Chapman Duncan. The same are hereby elected for the term of four years, unless sooner removed by legislative enactment, or by removal from the county, or by death. "Sec. 2. In case of any vacancy occurring by removal, death or otherwise, of one or more of the above mentioned judges, the Governor is hereby empowered to fill such vacancy, until the next sitting of the Legislature. "Approved February 7th, 1852." EARLY JUDGES OF PROBATE. 331 The historian having solicited the kind service of ex-Judge F. T>. Richards in collecting the historical links of the "Weber County Court, from the time of the passage of the above act, has received the following from the present County Clerk. Ogden, Utah, March, 28rd, 1889. Hon. F. D. Richards, Salt Lake City, Utah. Your inquiry of the 21st inst. to hand. Replying to same will say that the Sources of information on the question you inquire con- cerning were very meagre in the early history of the county, and I am unable to furnish complete data in that regard. However, I submit below all the information which my office contains in regard to the matter: , The first entry I find is the following, recorded in County Book A, page 1 : " Isaac Clark was elected by the Legislative Assembly of Utah Territory to the office of Probate Judge." This must have been prior to April 1st, 1852, for I find the fol- lowing entry on the same page : " The selectmen were appointed to that office by the Probate Judge, April 1st, 1852." The first session of the county court was held at the residence of the Probate Judge, April 24th, 1852. Judge Clark served until his death, as I find the following in County Book A, on page 36, under date of February 11th, 1854: "Hon. Jonathan Browning having been appointed (by the gov- ernor) to the office of Probate Judge for Weber County (and to fill the vacancy caused by the death of the Hon. Isaac Clark, deceased) came forward, gave bonds and was duly sworn according to law." The next entry I find is the following, recorded in County Book A, on page 62, under date of March 9th, 1857: "Probate Court, March Term, 1857, " Hon. C. W. West, Judge, " Appointed by Legislature successor to Judge Browning." The next intimation which appears on record that a change of Judges had taken place is the signature of Aaron F. Farr, attached to a decision in the Probate Court, in Probate Record A, page 75, under date of March 5th, 1869. The last entry which I find referring to Judge Farr is the fol- lowing, recorded in Record Probate Court A, on page 157: " City Hall, Ogden City, January 10th, 1861. "Probate Court, Weber Co. Special Term, 1861. "Hon. A. F. Farr, presiding." On the opposite page appears the following: In the Probate Court of Weber County. Hon. Frances A. Brown, presiding. The last entry referring to Judge Brown is his signature to the- " City Hal], Ogden City, "January 19th, 1861. 332 tullidgb's histories. proceedings of the Probate Court, recorded in Probate Record A, on page 185, under date of April 18th, 1863. On the opposite page (186) appears the proceedings of the Probate Court, under date of May 9th, 1863, signed " Aaron F. Farr, Judge." Judge Farr's successor was yourself. Your commission is recorded in "Record Probate Court B," page 1, and is dated Feb- ruary 23rd, 1869. The first session of the Probate Court held by you was on March 8th, 1869, and the first session of the County Court held after your appointment as Probate Judge was on March 1st, 1869. The following appears recorded in County Book B, on page 2, under date of March 1st, 1869 : "Judge Farr called the Court to order and introduced His Honor Judge Richards as his successor in office, who was prepared to present his credentials. "The commission of Judge Richards was read, setting forth his appointment as Probate Judge of Weber County by the Legis- lative Assembly of the Territory of Utah, and his being commis- sioned as such by His Excellency, Acting Governor Edwin Higgins. " By request of Judge Richards, Judge Farr took part in the proceedings of the day." Lewis W. ShurtlifF was your successor. His commission is dated September 25th, 1883, and is recorded in Record Probate Court C, on page 64, under date of October 1st, 1883, which was the first session of the Probate Court held by him. The first ses- sion of the County Court at which Judge Shurtlifi^ presided was held on the 2nd day of October, 1883. Judge Shurtlifi' served until the appointment and qualification of Robert W. Cross, who was appointed by President Grover Cleve- land, under the Edmunds-Tucker Act. Mr. Cross' commission is dated January 19th, 1889. Mr. Cross' official bond is dated Feb- ruary 1st, 1889, and he assumed charge of the office on Monday, February 4th, 1889. He is the present incumbent of the office. The following is a list of county officers from the beginning: B. F. Cummings, Sheriif, November 26, 1851 ; Jonathan S. Wells, Select- man, March, 31, 1852 ; Lewis Hardy, Selectman, March 31, 1852. (I find in the^ minute book of the County Court that Erastus Bingham is mentioned as one of the selectmen present at the first session of the County Court, with the statement that Erastus Bingham, Lewis Hardy and Jonathan S. Wells were appointed select- men by the Probate Judge, April 1, 1852. I have not been able to find the bond of Erastus Bingham. On the same page of said book is a statement that D. Moore was appointed to the office of Clerk of the County Court "under the Deseret Provisional Laws " on the 11th of December, 1852 ) To proceed : Crandall Dunn, Prosecuting Attorney February 28, 1853; Lumon A. Shurtliff, Prosecuting Attorney, June 11, 1855 ; Clifton S. Browning, Sherifl^, October 4, 1855; Abraham Palmer, Selectman, September 1, 185G; Ira N. Spaulding, Selectman, September 1 , 1856 ; William Critchlow, County Recorder, August 22, 1856 ; Henry Beckstead, Sheriff, December 2U, 1856 ; Lester J. Herriok, Sheriff, August 16, 1858 ; E. C. Richardson, Prosecuting Attorney August 9, 1858. LIST OF WEBER COUNTY OFFICERS. 333- D. Moore signs the record of the Court as County Clerk for the last time March 7, 1855. I am not able to find the bond of his successor, but J. A. Brown- ing signs the record as Clerk of the session held June 4, 1855. To proceed: William Critchlow, County Recorder, August 20, 1860; Lester J. Herrick, Selectman, September 1, 1862 ; Richard Ballantyne, Selectman, Sep- tember ], 1862 ; Gilbert Belnap, Sheriff, August 21, 1862 ; John Spiers, Select- man, September 5, 1864 ; William Critchlow, County Recorder, September 5, 1866; Richard Ballantyne, Selectman, September 3, 1866; Henry Holmes, Selectman, August 10, 1870; William Brown, Sheriff, August 20, 1870 ; Lester J. Herrick, Selectman, August 19, 1871 ; William Brown, Sheriff, August 10, 1872. Gilbert Belnap, Selectman, April 18, 1873 ; Charles F. Middleton, Selectman, May 22, 1873 ; F. S. Richards, County Recorder, August 13, 1873. It appears from the condition of the records that James A. Browning was at one time County Recorder. I can find no bond given by him for that office, nor can I find that he signs the record as such officer. The records, however, are writ- ten in his handwriting, and I presume he was the immediate successor of William Critchlow. Walter Thompson, evidently, succeeded Mr. Browning as County Recorder, although I can find no bond given by him as such officer ; still he signs the records as County Recorder, the first date which I can find being November 18, 1868. P. S. Richards was Mr. Thompson's successor. I do not find his first bond, if any was ever given, but he signs the record as Recorder under date of August 27, 1869. To proceed : F. S. Richards, County Recorder, August 13, 1873 ; Gilbert Bel- nap, Selectman, August 13, 1873 ; Aaron F. Farr, Selectman, September 6, 1873 ; F. S. Richards, Prosecuting Attorney, December 1, 1873 ; Lester J. Herrick, Selectmian, August 5, 1874 ; William Brown, Sheriff, September 19, 1874 ; William Brown, Sheriff, August 19, 1878 ; F. S. Richards, Prosecuting Attorney, August 10, 1878 ; P. G. Taylor, Selectman, August 7, 1878 ; Lorenzo M. Richards, County Clerk, August 9, 1880 ; F. S. Richards, Prosecuting Attorney, August 10, 1880; William Brown, Sheriff, August 23, 1880; Lester J. Herrick, Selectman, August 31, 1880. Joseph Stanford signs the record for the first time as County Recorder, August 20, 1877, and continues in that office until succeeded by C. C. Richa-ids, who gives bond for that office August 3, 1881. Mr. Richards held the office until succeeded by F. J. Cannon, August 11, 1884. Mr. Cannon was succeeded by Ben E. Rich, September 14, 1885. Mr. Rich's successor is Joseph Stanford, Septem- ber 24, 1 888, the present incumbent. Pleasant G. Taylor, Selectman, August 5, 1881 ; Thomas Wallace, Selectman,^ March 15, 1882 ; Lewis W. Shurtliff, Selectman, March 15, 1882 ; Robert Mo- Quarrie, Selectman, September 26, 1883 ; Nathaniel Montgomery, Selectman, September 26, 1883 ; Brigham H. Bingham, Selectman, September 27, 1883 ; Charles C. Richards, County Clerk, October 2, 1883. Mr. Richards held the office of County Clerk until May 1, 1888, at which time he was succeeded by Daniel Hamer, who is the present incumbent. F. S. Richards, Prosecuting Attorney, September 26, 1 883 ; Thomas J. Stevens, Sheriff, September 26, 1883 ; F. J. Cannon, County Recorder, appointed August 11, 1884, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of C. C. Richards; Gilbert R. Belnap, Sheriff, September 22, 1884 ; George Halls, Selectman, October 3, 1884 ; Charles C. Richards, Prosecuting Attorney, September 15, 1884 (Mr. Richards is the pre- sent incumbent of the office of Prosecuting Attorney) ; Thomas Wallace, Select- man, September 4, 1886 ; Gilbert R. Belnap, Sheriff, September 6, 1886 ; Joseph Stanford, Selectman, September 9, 1886 ; Ammon Green, Selectman, September 12, 1885 ; Thomas Wallace, Selectman, November 2. 1885 ; Ben. E. Rich, County Recorder (successor to F. J. Cannon,) September 7, 1885 ; Thomas Wallace, Select- man, September 19, 1887 ; G. R. Belnap, Sheriff, September 12, 1888 ; L. W. Shurtliff, Selectman (appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Joseph Stanford,) February 5, 1889 ; W. W. Child, Selectman. September 17, 1888. :g34 tullidge's histories. CHAPTER III. Primitive Administration. Tlie Court Assumes Importance on the Advent of the Railroads. Judge Richards' Administration. The Poland Bill. As may be well conceived, during the first periods of the Probate Court in Weber County, the administration was of a very primitive character and confined chiefiy to probate business. The early settlers of that county existed in a semi-family capacity, and the high council of the church and the bishop's courts administered justice between brother and brother — neighbor and neighbor. But with the advent of the railroads, and the growth of a mixed society, the County Court of Weber suddenly grew into importance, exercising similar functions to that of a United States district court. Previous to that time civil and criminal jurisdiction had not been so much required as in Salt Lake City, where a mixed society existed, and litigation was carried on in the courts, both the U. S. District Court and the County Court. Expounding the social situation and problem of those times the biographer of Judge Franklin D. Richards says : " In the legislature of 1868-69 Franklin D. Richards was elected Probate Judge of Weber County, by vote of the assembly in joint session. Previous to this date, the Probate Judge of that county was Aaron Farr, one of the veteran band of Mormon pioneers and elder brother of Lorin Farr. In March, 1869, Franklin D. Richards removed from Salt Lake City to Ogden, where he located with his family. His gifted son, Franklin S. Richards, soon became prose- cuting attorney, having first served as clerk of the Probate Court, and Recorder of Weber County, in which offices he was succeeded by his brother Charles C. Richards. "Judge F. D. Richards was sent to Ogden by President Young for a specific purpose and at a most important juncture in the history of northern Utah. Thenceforth, from the advent of rail- roads, the administration of spiritual and temporal afiairs of Ogden was to be second only to that of Salt Lake City. Society also in the Junction City was about to be rapidly mixed and the control of the commonwealth and business of the city, and indeed their entire commerce depending on northern Utah, was to be very nearly divided between the two great factors of Utah — the Mormons and the Gentiles. It was imperatively necessary therefore, that Weber Stake should be placed under an Apostolic administration and the dignity of the county government made to correspond therewith. The Gentiles required this not less than the Mormons, for, difter as we may, there is in society a natural respect for high legitimate authority. The destiny and future of Ogden then, at that time F. S. RICHARDS ADMITTED TO THE BAR. 335 requiring that Weber County should be elevated to an Apostolic See, Franklin D. Richards was the best man in the whole church to be chosen and equally fitted to represent the county as Probate Judge." Such was the view of the biographer of the social transition of those times, and of the eminent fitness of Judge Richards to pre- side over the jurisprudence of that county. Quickly now the Probate Court of Weber County assumed a dignity scarcely less than that of the United States District Court, and the regular legal profession grew up, beginning among our native lawyers with the brilliant career of that able constitutional lawyer, F. S. Richards. He tried his first case in the Probate Court in September, 1873, and was opposed by two able and experienced attorneys, but his skilful management of the case not only won the suit, but evinced such talent for the profession and complete knowledge of the legal points and principles involved, that his friends predicted for him the success that has since crowned his eftbrts in the courts of Utah and at the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States. He acted as public prosecutor in the Probate Court as long as it exer- cised criminal jurisdiction, and conducted all kinds of cases, from murder down. Since then he has had an extensive practice in the District and Supreme Coiirts, in civil and criminal cases. In the Supreme Court of the United States he has argued many cases, involving some of the most important questions of constitutional law, both as to personal liberty and rights of property, that have ever been presented to that court. His analytical reasoning and irresistible logic, with his earnest zeal for the right, have won for him a high place in the respect and personal esteem of the members of that exalted tribunal. The foregoing personal reminiscences will not only illustrate the practice of the Probate Court of Weber County, and the growth of the native bar, but is worthy of record in this judicial history of one whose name is an honor to the court in which he practiced. Reviewing the career of Judge Franklin D. llichards himself his biographer says : When he first came to examine the records and the condition of public and private business in the county ofiices he found almost a chaos. This state of affairs was due more to community careless- ness than to incapacity of officials. But reform was absolutely necessary; for public lands were coming into market; the Probate Court had general civil and criminal jurisdiction ; the county was rapidly increasing in wealth and varied population; and legal ends must be accomplished by legal means which would bear careful scrutiny. He gathered the best help available and proceeded with the good work. He was Probate and County Judge of Weber County continu- ously from the 1st day of March, 1869, until the 25th day of Sep- tember, 1888. During this period of more than fourteen years, 336 tullidgb's histories. hundreds of suits for divorce and cases of estates for settlement were brought before him. In no single instance has his decision in these matters been reversed by a higher tribunal. He adjudicated all the land titles in the important city of Ogden and the populous towns of Huntsville, ISTorth Ogden and Plain City, l^o one of these adjudications has ever been set aside by any court. For the first five years following his ind action into office, his court had original and appellate jurisdiction in all common law and chancery cases; before him were tried numerous civil suits, habeas corpus cases and trials of offenders charged with all crimes from misdemeanor .to murder. ISTot one single judgment or decree rendered by him in all this lengthy general judicial service was reversed on appeal. His justice and humanity, united with keen legal sense, made his name proverbial. In his administration of county financial affairs he was no less successful, aided by associates of shrewdness and integrity. During his re^methe finest courthouse in Utah was erected in Ogden; roads and bridges innumerable were built; the only toll road in the county — extending through the magnificent Ogden Canyon, was purchased and made free; taxes were kept low, but were collected promptly ; the county was maintained clear of debt; and during all this period his position carried with it no salary. During the administration of Judge Eichards the Poland Law was passed, which, though it repealed the civil and criminal juris- diction of the Probate Courts, confirmed and made valid all their judgments and decrees. Section 3rd of the law states: " All judgments and decrees heretofore rendered by the Probate Courts which have been executed, and the time to appeal therefrom which has by the existing laws of said Territory expired, are hereby validated and confirmed." Congress also, by the same act, approved the act of the Terri- torial Legislature giving the Probate Courts authority to adjudicate the rights of all claimants to land under the townsite law as well as to enter land in trust for the use and benefit of the occupants of cities and towns in the various counties of the Territory. LIST OF WEBER COUNTY OFFICERS. 337 CHAPTER IV. The Edmunds Act Interrupts the Elections. Petition of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the Territory to Congress. " The Hoar Amendment" Author- izing the Governor to fill all Vacancies. A Suit for the Of&ce of Probate Judge of Weber County. Judge Richards "holds the Fort" for the entire Territory. His Triumph and Retirement from Office. The passage of the notorious "Edmunds Act" found Eranklin D. E-ichards still the judicial head of "Weber County. And as his situation at that hour, coupled with subsequent events of historical value brought him into most prominent individual contact with the political provisions of this law and its amendments, the biographer deems this the proper place in which to review the most redoubtable effort ever made by the minority to gain political ascendancy in Utah Territory. The object asserted to be attained by the Edmunds Act was three-fold: The punishment of polygamy and bigamy; the osten- sible punishment of unlawful cohabitation ; and the disfranchise- ment and disqualification from office of all polygamists, bigamists,, and persons practicing unlawful cohabitation. It is to the third branch of this trifoliate object that we now refer. This was the most important feature in the law, in the estima- tion of the chief workers in the Liberal party of Utah, and they began very early the effort to secure the supposed vast political advantages of its enforcement. When the President of the United States failed to appoint the commissioners in time to enable them to prepare for the general election of August, 1882, it became apparent that the then incumbents — almost universally belonging to the People's party — would find it legally requisite to hold over, at least until the August of 1883, and until their successors should be elected and qualified. In this emergency the Liberals prevailed upon the three justices of the supreme court of the Territory to address a letter to Congress, requesting immediate intervention to prevent anarchy. This supererogatory document was extremely adroit, and it was explained and amplified in personal communications with influential men at Washington. It is given herewith : " The undersigned Judges of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Utah, respectfully represent: That the Edmunds bill, so called, vacates all registration and election offices in Utah; that by reason of this, no registration of voters has been made in this Territory this year, which the local law requires to be done in May and revised the first week in June, and none but registered voters can vote; that by reason of such failure of registration and lack of election officers, the election fixed for the first Monday in August, 39 :338 TULLIDGE S HISTORIES. 1882, cannot be held; that at such election there would have been chosen successors to all the present county officers, and also to the territorial auditor and treasurer as directed by territorial statutes; that those successors cannot now be chosen for the reasons given; that this failure to elect is liable to cause general disturbance and trouble, and especially in view of the well known fact that many of the present incumbents are understood to be polygamists, and so disqualified under the law above referred to, to hold office. We therefore ask that Congress shall take such measures as will provide for legal successors to all the present incumbents of office whose successors would have been chosen at the August election, and thereby secure the continuance of good order and the regular and undisputed support of organized government, which otherwise would be seriously jeopardized. "We have delayed this representation as long as possible, hoping for the advent of the election commissioners, but they have not yet come. "John A. Hunter, Chief Justice; "Philip H. Emerson, Associate Justice; "Stephen P. Twiss, Associate Justice; "Dated July 20th, 1882. ''Supreme Court of Utah" The dire effects which might have flowed from the hints con- tained in the letter and the insidious suggestions made personally by the projectors, were measurably obviated by the earnest effort of Utah's friends; and the following comparatively mild, but thoroughly useless enactment, since known as the " Hoar Amend- ment," was passed as a rider to an appropriation bill: " The Governor of the Territory of Utah is hereby authorized to appoint officers of the said Territory, to fill vacancies whi(?h may be caused by a failure to elect on the first Monday in August, 1882, in consequence of the provisions of an act entitled, 'An Act to amend Section 5,352 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, in reference to bigamy, and for other purposes,' approved March 22nd, 1882, to hold their offices until their successors are elected and qualified under the provisions of said act. Provided, that the term of office of any of said officers shall not exceed eight months." The dift'erence between the request and the grant must be apparent to every thoughtful reader. The effort was to obtain an enactment, dispossessing the vast majority of officials holding place under the expressed will of the people of Utah, and instate in their stead by executive appointment or other undemocratic method, some hundreds of persons repugnant to the majority of citizens: while the result was to secure for the governor merely the right to fill vacancies occasioned by the failure to elect in August, 1882 — a most significant difference. But in pursuance of the original plan, which had not contem- plated and could not brook defeat, this Hoar Amendment was assumed as full authority for the project of arbitrary political con- A DEMAND FOR THE PROBATE JUDGESHIP. 339" fiscation; and the governor and his advisers appointed persons of their affiliation to nearly all the territorial, county and precinct offices — aggregating some hundreds. Among the early and important appointments made was that of James N. Kimball to be Probate Judge of Weber County; and on the_ 2nd day of October, 1882, he demanded the office from Franklin D. Richards. Being refused, he made application to one of the judges, vs^hose name is attached to the letter quoted above, for a vsrrit of mandate compelling the relinquishment of the office and its records, povs^ers and emoluments in his behalf This vpas the first movement of the kind on the part of the governor's- appointees; and it placed Franklin D. Richards at once in the breach to maintain a defense for himself and all his coadjutors. It had been the desire of many of the appointees and their backers, to organize a general plan of attack all along the line; but Mr. Kimball desired the honor of leading the van against a fortress which he thought would surely be easily won and might possibly be surrendered without a struggle. The usual method of testing a question of this character, where each party claims to be the legal officer, is by proceeding in quo warranto, under which the legal title to the office is first carefully and judicially determined, without the haste characterizing mandamus. When the plaintiff sought the latter remedy, he was reaching for what seemed a conclusive advantage. With courts already committed in his behalf, he assumed that the title was not even in dispute and that the court, under its strangely unnecessary and partisan prejudgment, could not fail to grant him a peremptory writ. All the parties interested on either side in the Territory now prepared to await the issue ot this particular contest. Judge Richards had not held the office for personal or family pleasure and profit; he had been intending to withdraw at the next election; and there was considerable financial risk and personal annoyance and jeopardy in an attempt to defeat before the courts ot Utah, in that excited, ambitious hour, this project to seize his office. If he failed the pecuniary loss would be his own, but the 'disaster would effect the whole Territory ; if he won, the gain would be for the people and for the man whom they would next select for the office. These considerations decided his unselfish mind. The law firm of Richards & Williams was engaged as leading counsel for the defense, with able associates ; and a vigorous fight began in the First District Court and continued through the Supreme Court ot the Territory. The points raised by the plaintiff were that the term of office of the defendant Franklin J). Richards as Probate Judge, expired on or about the first Monday in August, 1882; that he was at that time and during the progress of the suit, a polygamist, and there- fore not entitled to hold office; that plaintiff had been appointed and commissioned to this office by Eli H. Murray, Governor of Utah Territory; that plaintiff had vainly demanded said office with- 340 tullidge's histories. its records from defendant; and that plaintiff had no plain, speedy or adequate remedy at law for the wrongs alleged to be suffered by him ; wherefore plaintiff prayed for a writ of mandamus compel- ling the defendant to deliver to him the office of Probate Judge and the records thereof. In demurrer, subsequent answer, and later on appeal, the principal points made by the defense were briefly these: Proceed- ings for writ of mandamus could not be maintained to test the disputed title to an ofBce. Plaintiff had filed no bond for the faithful performance of his official duties. The Hoar amendment only authorized the governor to appoint officers to fill vacancies ; but there was not and could not be any vacancy in this case, and therefore the governor's appointment and commission were absolutely worthless, for Franklin D. Richards had been elected under the law and commissioned by the same governor to hold this office "for the term of two years [from the first Monday in August, 1880] and until his successor should be elected and qualified." This latter provision, in case of a failure to elect a successor at the regular period, has been universally held to extend the term of the then incumbent until such time as the legal election could be held — be that space long or short, and such time of "holding over" becomes a part of the legal term itself; this Hoar amendment did not create vacancies, the language of the enactment having been evidently chosen to prevent that result. If the defendent was a polygamist he could not for that reason be ousted from his office until his status had been judicially determined; and this had never been done. IN^Otwithstanding the strong showing made by the defense, every point was ruled against Judge Richards by the District and Supreme Courts of the Territory. Even then the case was not yielded, but was appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States. Judge Richards held the office, maintained the rights of the people, and defended the position of his hundreds of coadjutors in Utah ^'■until his successor was elected and qualified." After the term for which Mr. Kimball was appointed had expired, as no further public good could be achieved by a maintenance of the suit, and as Mr. Richards had no private interests at stake, a satisfactory compromise was effected and the matter was forever settled without having been passed upon by the Supreme tribunal of the land. Judge Richards, devotion to duty was ably seconded by the skillful manner in which delay was obtained and the advantage possessed by his opponent before the courts was neutralized. In the shrewd management and laborious work connected with this case he had two constant assistants in the persons of two of his sons, Franklin S. and Charles C. Richards, lawyers of understand- ing and probity, who are now defending the constitutional and religious rights of the people, with the same vigor exhibited in the political contest of their father. BOX ELDER STAKE. 341 Thus the offices were retained in the hands of the people. Soon the humiliating discovery was made by the ambitious Liberal politicians that their project of disfranchisement had also failed of its object. It was only after this discovery that the Edmunds Act held no political comfort for the minority here, that the "raid" against the practicers of plural marriage was begun. Mr. Richards retired from the office of Probate Judge in the fall of 1883, leaving an untarnished record. During his judicial career he sought the majesty of the law and avoided its chicanery. He carried "in one hand chastisement — in the other, mercy." His keen sense of justice and tenderness of soul insured that impartial and just administration of the law which commands respect for the judiciary and induces obedience to legislative enactment. BOX ELDER STIKE, The two Counties of Box Elder and Weber being so closely identified (Box Elder itself at the origin was included in Weber County), we have not drawn a long line of demarkation between those two counties, and, in the political and commercial history, through Corinne, their subject was strictly related. Moreover, in the Legislature the two' counties are still represented as one district, and during the Legislative career of Lorenzo Snow he represented the district in the council. At the organization of the Territory, in the first session in the winter of 1851-52, it was Weber County, and the members were: in the council — Lorin Farr, Charles E. Dana; in the house — David B. Dille, James Brown and James. Gr. Browning. But in 1854-55, Lorenzo Snow having taken fifty families to locate at Box Elder, soon caused the re-construction of the county by the rapid growth of the Box Elder division. In the beginning of the year 1856, Box Elder County was created by a legislative act, which was approved by Governor Young, January 5th. From this date the the two counties were represented in the Legislature by Lorenzo Snow until he was retired by the Edmunds' Act; and he was also the President of the Box Elder Stake until its re-organization. EB-OR«ANIZATION OF BOX ELDER STAKE. The clerk of the Box Elder Stake, James Bywater, has fur- nished the following historical notes of that stake as it stood in the beginning of the year 1888 : 342 txjllidgb's histories. " At a special conference held in Brigham City, August 18-19, 1877, President B. Young presiding, Box Elder Stake of Zion was organized. " Brest. Young left Salt Lake City at 7 a. m. on Saturday, the 18th, accompanied by J. W. Young and D. H. Wells, his coun- selors ; John Taylor, F. D. Richards and Albert Carrington of the quorum of the Twelve, and several other brethren, arriving at Brigham City a little after 10 a. m. ; he was met and greeted at the depot by a brass band, leading citizens of the county and a host of Sunday school children. Meetings were held during the day in a spacious bowery. "In the evening a Priesthood meeting was held in the upper room of the Social Hall, President Young presiding, and the officers of the stake were nominated, James Bywater acting clerk. " In the afternoon of Sunday, 19th, Box Elder Stake was organ- ized. Oliver G-. Snow, President; Elijah A. Box and Isaac Smith, Counselors. Members of the High Council, Jonathan C. Wright, Samuel Smith, James Bywater, William Box, Wm. L. Watkins, Mads C. Jensen, Ephraim Wight, Martin L. Ensign, Adolphus Madsen, James Pett, John P. Wood and Jacob Jensen. President of the High Priest's Quorum, Hans Peter Jensen. "Bishops in Brigham Citj^ Henry Tingey, First Ward; Alvin Mchols, Second Ward; John D. Burt, Third Ward; John Welch, Fourth Ward. Bishops of the surrounding wards, Orrin A. Perry, Three Mile Creek; George W. Ward, Willard City; Peter C. Jen- sen, Mantua; Thomas Harper, I^orth Ward ; Abraham Hunsaker, Ploneyville; John C. Dewey, Dewey ville; Oliver C. Hoskins, Port- age; George Dunford, Malad City; Samuel Williams, Samaria; H. J. Faust, Corinne ; William ISTeely, Bear River City ; Arnold Good- liffe. Curlew; Samuel Kimball, Grouse Creek. " The Presidency of the Stake were ordained and set apart. William Box was ordained a Patriarch. " On Sunday, September 9th, in public meeting, many of the officers were ordained and set apart under the hands of Apostle L. Snow. Bishop Alvin Nichols was appointed Church Agent; James Bywater, Stake Clerk. Counselors to the Bishops were chosen, ordained and set apart. "September 16th, 23rd and 30th, at public meetings, priests and teachers were ordained, quorums organized, presidents and coun- selors ordained and set apart under the hands of Apostle L. Snow. " Several changes have occurred in the Stake Presidency, High Council, etc., by resignation, death and removal; new wards organ- ized, wards detached, etc." One of the changes that has been made in the Box Elder Stake, since this official statement by the clerk, has been the retire- ment of Oliver G. Snow from his ecclesiastical sphere, to engage in mercantile business, and the appointment of Elder Rudger Clawson to the Stake Presidency. Of the County organization it may be|(noted in this summary WILLARD CITY. 343 that at the organization of Box Elder County, in 1856, Jonathan C. Wright was elected by the Legislature Probate Judge of the county. The first selectmen were J. D. Eees, D. Harding and A. Nichols; Prosecuting Attorney, Alfred Cordon; Sheriff, Joseph Grover; Assessor and Collector, Eil H. Pierce, sen. The Probate Judges saeceeding J. C. Wright are Samuel Smith, John D. Burt, Peter P. Madsen, John D. Peters and E. P. Johnson. Brigham City, the general history of which has been already given, was incorporated in the year 1867. Its first municipal council was composed of the following persons representing the founders of the city: Chester Loveland, Mayor; A. Nichols, H. P. Jensen, A. Madsen, J. C. Wixom ,and William Box councillors; W. L. Watkins, Eecorder (by appointment). J. D. Pees succeeded Love- land as Mayor; he was followed by Samuel Smith; Adolph Madsen is the present Mayor. WILLARD CITY. After passing the Weber County line, Willard is the first settlement the traveler reaches. It is situated on an elevation of land on the line of the Utah and Northern Railway, about fifteen miles north of Ogden City, at an altitude of 4,350 feet above sea level. In the spring of 1851, Messrs. Wells and Harding, with their families, commenced a settlement here, known as North Willow Creek. The following year, other families having arrived, Charles W. Hubbard was appointed bishop of the place. la 1859 the name of the settlement was changed to Willard City, in honor of Presi- Willard Richards, deceased. Bishop Charles W. Hubbard was succeeded by Verulam Dives. Afterwards, Alfred Cordon was appointed Bishop ; and under the new name of Willard City, he presided some fifteen years. George W. Ward, who had acted as first counselor to Bishop Cordon during his tenure of office, was at the death of Bishop Cordon appointed to succeed him. At the death of Bishop George W. Ward, George Facer was appointed Bishop, and holds that office at the present date (1889). Abraham Zundel and John Edwards are counselors to Bishop Facer. By an act of the Legislature, approved February 16th, 1870, incorporating Willard City, and notice being given to that effect by the Probate Judge of Box Elder County, an election was held on the second Monday of June, 1870. George W. Ward was elected Mayor, Alfred Ward, City Recorder, and five councillors and two aldermen were chosen. The second mayor of Willard City was T. W. Brewerton, and the present mayor is Charles Hub- bard, jun., the son of the first Bishop of the place. CALL'S FORT is a small village immediately to the north of Brigham City; 344 ttjllidgb's histories. the last census gives the population at 350. East four miles from the capital is Mantua, named after Lorenzo Snow's native place, in Ohio. It has a population of four hundred people, mostly Danish. The support is derived chiefly from farming, stock-raising, cheese- making and lime-burning. It is known on the maps as Copenhagen, but the last census bulletin gives the place as Mantua Precinct. N"orth ten miles is Honeyville. Deweyville, five miles further north, is a farming settlement with a population of about 350. KELTOiT is a Gentile town, on the line of the Central Pacific Eailroad, about seventy-five miles from Brigham City. It is supported chiefly by the shipping of produce and outfitting. Grouse Creek is a little settlement near Nevada, on the old emigrant road. It is quite a thriving place, with a population of 300 souls. Portage is a settle- ment on the Malad river, two miles south of the Idaho line. It is the most northerly settlement in Utah. Portage was named after Lorenzo Snow's native county; the town has a population of 282, and the precinct, including the town, 462. Promontory, forty miles west of Brigham City, on the Central Pacific Railroad, has a post ofiice, and is considered a settlement, but is composed entirely of ranches for the herding and pasturage of large stock herds. The census gives the population as 181. Terrace is also on the line of the Central Pacific Kailroad, about 110 miles west of Brigham City. The precinct has a population of 251, and the business of the dis- trict is confined to freighting and stock-raising. SNOWVILLE. One of the small settlements of the county, is twenty miles north-east of Kelton, on the old emigration road. Plymouth, not- withstanding its important name, is one of the smallest towns and at present of but little business consequence. There is an Indian settlement in this county that possesses quite a unique interest. The settlement bears the name of Washa- kie, and is composed of between thirty to forty Indian families who have renounced their tribal condition and become citizens of the United States. They have some three thousand acres of land under fence, six hundred of which are under excellent cultivation. These Indians are members of the Mormon Church and are presided over by a young white man as bishop. They have their elders, priests, teachers and deacons, the same as any other branch of the church. They hold regular meetings, sing, pray, preach, administer the sac- rament, and indeed perform all the religious exercises of the church, with an intelligent understanding and a solemnity worthy to be an example to our white congregations. They have also their week day and Sunday schools, and the young Indians take extraordinary delight in their school exercises. THE CITIES OF CHCHE VHLLEY. CHAPTER I. Introduction. The Temple City of the Nortli. In the history of nations and civilizations, a certain mani- fest destiny has attended the founding of Temple Cities on every part of our globe. They are as the finger marks of all the ancient civilizations. Even their ruins to-day give us revelations of the history and culture of nations which existed thousands of years ago. The only Temple builders of modern times are the Mormons — the only Temple builders, in fact, who have risen within the last two thousand years. But cathedrals have been built in Europe, somewhat corresponding to the temple idea and import- ance, and they have marked the growth of the great cities of Europe as Temples did the cities of the ancient world. In Eng- land, the cathedral constituted the city and gave rise to its Bish- opric. The rest of the large incorporations were but towns which, though they have in the present age risen to great im- portance, through the wonderful activities of commerce, still acknowledge the classical supremacy of the cities. Confining the view now to the Temple class, it may be affirmed that the founders of Temple cities are the superior peoples. It would be an error to believe that a Temple city is an accident in history, or the upshot of the caprice of a priest- hood ; for the Temple is not as the foundation of a city, but as the pinnacle of its glory. The very existence of a Temple tells much of the mental capacity and indomitable force of character of the founders of the particular city, which has invited the Temple to come and endow it with a destiny — to endow it, in fact, with that magnificent dignity which in all civilizations has been attached to the Temple cities. The Temple, moreover, as well as being a revealer of the character type of the founders, is also a monumental epitome of the history of its parent city in its rise and progress. We may be assured that no city has been chosen as the sacred place of a Temple, which has not first proved itself worthy of the honor; unless, indeed, it has attached to it some sacred history of the ages past, like the old Jerusalem of Palestine, or the Zion of Jackson County ; or, like Salt Lake City, 43 346 tullidge's histories. which was endowed by a pioneer band of Temple builders, who laid off their Temple site before they laid a brick or a founda- tion stone of any private dwelling. In general terms, then, it may be said that the sacred city has first invited the Temple by the promise already given of its own superior destiny and grow- ing excellence. With such views, therefore, present to the mind, in the treatment of Cache Valley as a Temple Stake, and Logan as the Temple city of Northern Utah, we have at a glance much historical suggestiveness before us of the rise and progress of the cities of Cache Valley; and a following chapter containing the interesting history and description of the Logan Temple, with the magnificent steel plate of this sacred edifice of the Mormon people will give a unique interest to the subject. CHAPTER II. A Brief View of the Early History of Cache Valley. The Pioneers of the County, Peter Maughan, the Pioneer. Cache County consists of the valley that bears its name and the mountains that surround it. The valley contains over twenty towns and cities, with a population varying from 300 to 4,000 each. The county is bounded on the north by Idaho Ter- ritory, on the south by Weber County, and on the east and west by Rich and Box Elder Counties respectively. It is one of the most prosperous districts in Utah, having magnificent resources in its agricultural districts, its splendid timber, quarries, manu- factures, and, above all, in the go-ahead spirit of enterprise and thrift that characterizes the population of the county. In fine. Cache was singularly fortunate in the class of men who founded its cities, and to this fact the county owes at once its reputation, affluence and social importance. The pioneer of Cache — Peter Maughan — was a man of great force of character; none has made a better or stronger mark than he in the founding of the cities of this Territory; and next in historical importance were E. T. Benson, Father Thatcher and sons and Bishop William B. Preston. What was almost as fortunate for the county, as the progressive spirit and indomitable energy of its founders, was that Father Thatcher was a rich man whose money, from the onset to the day of his death, was liberally and wisely spent in the growth of the county and the development of its many in- dustries. His sons continue the work which their father began, Moses Thatcher, standing in the public estimation, not only as the type of Cache Valley's enterprise and su.perior intelligence, but 'EhgH In/ 33.Sans &m 3fe^^^ PIONEERS OF CACHE VALLEY. 347 also as an apostolic representative of the future of the Mormon people. As might be expected, the character of the entire popula- tion approximated to that of such representative men; for naturally kindred classes and men gravitate towards each other. While the history of this Territory will show some places of very su- perior natural advantages, whose presiding officers have succeeded in causing the quick migration away of every progressive enter- prising man who has settled under them. Cache County affords an example of a very different kind. The consequence is that this county has a superior class of population. Cache Valley early became famous as a farming country. The soil is excellent and produces annually a quantity of grain, root crops and vegetables that will compare favorably with any other portion of Utah. The valley is watered by an extensive and costly irrigating system, for, although the streams give an abundance of water at all times, the work of converting them to the arable districts is one that has consumed an immense amount of labor and an outlay of hundreds of thousands of dollars. Much money has also been expended on the county and canyon roads, which are always kept in good .repair. In the mountains that surround the valley are on one side fine grazing land for the raising of horned stock and sheep ; and on the other some magnificent stretches of first class timber, which keep a number of saw mills engaged in getting out lumber. The Utah &. Northern Railway enters Cache from the Salt Lake Valley near Mendon, and traverses the valley on its way to Montana. The dimensions of the county are nearly one thousand square miles, and its population is upwards of fifteen thousand, composed of Americans, English, Scotch and Scandinavians, with a few Welsh, Italians and French. The Scandinavians are quite nu- merous in the county. In July, 1855, Samuel Roskelley, Andrew Moffat and Brigham Young, Jr., were sent up to Cache Valley by President Young to cut hay, prepare corrals, etc., for stock, which was to be driven into the valley that fall. Brj^ant Stringham also came for the Church; Stephen Taylor for Squire Wells; Seymour B. Young for his father; and Simon Baker and his son, Joseph, for themselves. Arriving, they camped on what is now known as the Church Farm, and put up the hay. In the fall the stock was driven into Cache Valley, coming from Box Elder by way of Dry Lake. At that time this now beautiful and fertile valley was a cold, inhospitable region. It was deemed unfit for an agricultural district, and was designed as a stock-raising country. Notwithstanding that they arrived in July, Bishop Roskelley says there was not a night during the time he stayed in Cache, which was in the summer months, but what they could go out in the 34S TULLIDGE S HISTORIES. morning and write their names in the white frost that would settle on the wagon covers, plow beams or anything lying on the ground that frost could settle upon. But to Peter Maughan belongs the honor of being the pioneer of the settlement of Cache Valley. With him, commenced the founding of the cities of Northern Utah. He came by the direction of President Young for that purpose, removing from Tooele. This was in July, 1856. With the pioneer came Wil- liam H. Maughan, George Bryan, John Tait, Morgan Morgan and Zial Riggs. They pitched upon the present site of Wells- ville for the first settlement. They then returned to Tooele for their families. On the I7th of September they were again in Cache Valley, and prepared to settle. There were now Peter Maughan, William H. Maughan, John Maughan, George Bryan, Francis Gunnell, 0. D. Thompson and Zial Riggs. These, with their families, composed the first settlers proper of Cache Valley. They located a fort with their wagons. They next cut hay fqr their stock and then commenced to build log houses. Maughan's Fort was the name which Wellsville first bore. Peter Maughan being at that time a member of the Legisla- ture for Tooele County, by an election before his renaoval, he started to Fillmore in November, Fillmore being then the capital of the Territory. He left the settlement in the charge of George Bryan. The winter of 1856-7 was a terribly severe one for the few settlers in Cache Valley. In the history thus early is to be met a tragedy illustrating the inhospitable valley of the North, which to-day is perhaps the most inviting part of our Territory. During that winter, in the beginning of 1857, a young man, by name John Gardener, son of William Gardener, who had already set- tled in Wellsville, undertook to cross the mountains on horse- back from Box Elder, the then only road in Cache Valley. He was frozen to death, and was found two days afterwards within half a mile of Wellsville. This caused a great alarm in Wells- ville, or Maughan's Fort, and John and William Maughan, to ensvire the safety of their father on his return from Fillmore, made two trips on snow shoes across the mountains, one for the purpose of forwarding a letter to Fillmore, carrying the news of the fate of young Gardener, and making an appointment to meet him at Brigham City for the purpose of escorting him across the mountains. Accordingly the two sons met the father in Feb- ruary, and all traveled across on snow-shoes. They did not reach the Fort until after dark, but the journey was made in safety. Snow was then ten feet deep on the best part of the road. Bishop William H. Maughan says, that had not his brother and himself been together the journey could not have EARLY HISTORY OF THE VALLEY. 349 been made. Alone, either one of them must have perished, as did young Gardener. They sank so deep into the snow that they had to take turns in breaking the road, the one resting while the other made the way. After the return of Peter Maughan, the first thing that the settlers did was to be re-baptized, this being the year of the "Reformation." The settlers next fenced in their farms and began to culti- vate. In the spring new additions arrived, so that by April, when a provisional organization was made of Cache County, there had arrived from seventeen to twenty families. They raised a crop this year, 1857; but in the spring of 1858, the settlers of Cache Valley moved south with the people generally, in the exodus occasioned by the Utah War. They left their crops in the ground, and 1,500 bushels of grain in their houses. Francis Gunnell, Zial Riggs, John Reece, Thomas Obray, Robert Hill and Alexander B. Hill returned to Cache Valley on the 24th of .July, and found all the grain which they had left in their houses stolen, but their crops were growing spontaneously. They har- vested twenty bushels to the acre. By the advice of President Young, fearing Indian depredations, the systematic attempt to re- settle Cache Valley was deferred till the next year. Peter Maughan and family stopped at Three Mile Creek, near Box Elder, though Peter Maughan came over and harvested some grain and returned to his temporary location. In the spring of 1859, the Maughans returned and then the settlement re-com- menced; but it was the 10th day of May before a plow was put into the ground. Cache County was first organized on the 4th day of April, 1857. The County Court was held in Wellsville, Peter Maughan, judge of probate, presiding. William Gardener, Orange D. Thompson and John T. Garr were the selectmen; William Garr, sheriff; Francis Gunnell, recorder, and John Maughan, treas- urer. A regular term of the court was held June 1st, 1857, and another regular term on the 7th day of September of the same year; then came the suspension till 1859, during which period had occurred the move of the whole community south. The county was reorganized by a special term of the County Court, held at Wellsville on the 23d day of May, 1859, Peter Maughan presiding as judge of probate. We may now properly leave the general history of the county for a fuller treatment hereafter, and sketch the founding of the various cities of Cache Valley, giving to Logan its place as the capital of the county and the Temple City of the North. 350 tullidge's historiks. CHAPTER III. Logan City. Interesting Notes of tlie Founding of the City. William B. Preston Chosen its First Bishop. Official Digest of the History of Logan. Logan site was located by Peter Maughan, the presiding bishop and pioneer of Cache Valley, and the first bishop of Wellsville, in the spring of 1859. Settlers of this date were steadily migrat- ing into this beautiful and fertile valley, which, however, at that time was a country of sage brush and wild grass. The period was quite favorable to the quick peopling of this magnificent valley, and for the rapid growth of that flourishing cluster of settlements which has so much enhanced the Terri- torial importance of Utah. It was just after the close of the Utah war and the return of the people from their exodus south; so that the pouring of a tide of immigration into the Northern valleys of Utah was according to the natural law of re-action, to which the masses of society are ever most sensible. The homes of those who had first settled around Salt Lake City, hav- ing been broken up, or, at least for the time being, disturbed and some quite disorganized, the metropolitan attraction was lessened in the minds of the people. To so express the social condition consequent after an exodus, many were inclined to a removal from the capital and its neighborhood, where city lots and farms were taken up, and only to be obtained by costly pur- chase, into a new and extensive country where lots and farms were to be obtained without price. Cache Valley at this junc- ture off'ered the greater inducements, not only to the self-reliant pioneer class, who were already in the Territory, but also to the English emigrants, who at this same date were again pouring into Utah. It will be remembered, by those familiar with the history of the European mission as well as that of this Terri- tory, that the emigration from the European missions had been suspended for several seasons, in consequence of the Utah war;— in fact, suspended from 1856 to the very year of the founding of the settlements of Cache Valley, 1859. In 1857, there, was no emigration from Europe, but simply the return of the Amer- can missionaries. Neither was there any emigration in 1858'; but in 1859 the emigration from Liverpool re-opened; and on their arrival in Utah, the English-speaking emigrants were as naturally attracted towards Cache Valley, as the Scandinavians were to Sanpete. But much of the detail of the settlement and growtli of Cache County must necessaril}' be reserved and FOUNDING OF LOGAN CITY. 351 traced in the biography of Peter Maughan, and others of the pioneers, to be hereafter given. We proceed now with the his- torical thread of the capital of the county. The Logan site having been located, a due portion of the pioneers of Cache Valley gathered to this spot ; but as yet no decided determination was given that this was the place where the capital of the county was to be reared. This determination, indeed, was made afterward, by the class of enterprising men who chose Logan for their home, rather than in the location of the site. In other words, it was the people of Logan who built a capital ; and, therefore, Logan became the capital of Cache County, notwithstanding it was not the first settlement formed. On the 21st day of June,, 1859, the first settlers of Logan drew lots for their land. On July 3d, a public meeting was called by Bishop Peter Maughan, at which time Elders John P. Wright, John Nelson and Israel J. Clark, were appointed a com- mittee to give out land to new settlers. On July 27th, fort lots were laid out and drawn for by the new settlers, and the work of building quickly thereafter commenced. At this point, we must branch off into a personal episode of the founders of Cache County, which has not only influenced the destiny of Logan, but also contributed largely to the material prosperity of the entire county. It was during the period of the Utah war that William B. Preston and the Thatcher family arrived in Utah from Cali- fornia. A part of this family started from California in the fall of 1857, arriving in Salt Lake City in January, 1858. They were William B. Preston, John B. Thatcher, Aaron D. Thatcher and Moses Thatcher. The summer previous, Father Thather and the rest of the family arrived. The exodus drew the family south, and they settled at first at Payson. Father Thatcher was esteemed as a rich man from the gold fields of California. He was, probably, at that time, next to Brigham Young, the wealthiest man in Utah. In consequence of the war, the people of our Territory were very destitute of clothing, and the stocks of our merchants were quite exhausted. To obtain supplies, a train was fitted out to go to California to replenish the Utah stock of merchandise. Father Thatcher sent his wagons, with his sons J. B. and A. D. Thatcher, under the command of his son-in-law, Wm. B. Pres- ton, in the winter of 1858-9 ; and they returned loaded with States goods. Walker Brothers, Jennings, Hooper & Eldredge, Godbe and others also sent teams in this company, for the same purpose. Thus commenced the renewal of the commercial life of our Territory, after the close of the Utah war. Preston got back with his wagons of merchandise in the 352 TULLIDGE S HISTORIES. spring of 1859, at about the date of the planting of the Logan stake by Peter Maughan. A combination of circumstances now attracted the attention of Father Thatcher and his son-in- law to the opportunities which Cache Valley offered for the in- vestment of their means, in the development of a magnificent district of virgin country, and also as a field extensive enough for their aspirations of enterprise. In Payson they had not sufiicient land of their own to cultivate ; and they were met on every side with the answer that all the land in the Payson dis- trict of country was taken up. They were neither satisfied to cultivate farms under a rental, nor to be limited to small per- sonal estates. There was Cache Valley inviting them — with its vast resources of virgin country and fine water privileges: so Father Thatcher and his sons and William B. Preston resolved to remove into Cache Valley. Here they were at once to take rank as chief among the pioneers and founders of anew county; and thus the wealth of Father Thatcher, and his merchant supplies just brought from California, were directed to the building up of the North instead of the South. In company with his two brothers-in-law, John B. and Aaron D. Thatcher, William B. Preston and his wife left Payson in the month of August, 1859, and journeyed into Cache Valley, which was still almost entirely a country of sage brush and grass. When they came into the valley, they found Peter Maughan, who had located a settlement on the west side of the valley, which was called Maughan's Fort, but now known as Wellsville. Pursuing their journey, they drove north across the Logan River and cajne on to the spot where Logan now stands. Here they found several families in camp with a few wagons preparing to build, but, as yet, no house was erected on the site. Soon after this date, several more men, who were destined to become prominent among the founders of the cities of Cache Valley, arrived on the Logan site — ^two of whom were George L. Farrell, now Bishop of Smithfield, and Thomas E. Ricks, since known as one of the most enterprising and wealthy men of Cache County. Plere we may pause to view the location. The Logan Leader, in its local directory, thus describes the area and location of Logan as it is to-day: It embraces all that portion of Cache County contained within the follow- ing boundaries to-wit: Commencing at the south bank of the Logan River, at the mouth Of Logan Canyon, thence in a northerly direction along the base of the mountains three miles; thence west to the Logan and Hyde Park Canal; thence southerly along said canal to a point where the Hyde Park ditch is taken out of said canal; thence west on the line of said ditch to the southeast corner of the north half of the southwest quarter of section fourteen, township twelve north, range one west; thence west one-half mile; thence north one-fourth mile; thence west to the west bank of Little Bear River; CHOOSING THE BISHOP. 353 thence south along the bank to the mouth of the Logan River; thence in an easterly direction along the bank of said river to the place of beginning. Its location is the best that could have been chosen in Northern Utah for for a large city, -with numerous commercial interests and manufacturing estab- lishments. Ample water-power for any number of mills is furnished by Logan River, with its branches, which flows directly through the city. Being sit- uated at the foot of a grand range of mountains, and being the centre of a number of pretty villages, it presents a beautiful appearance. The Utah & Northern Railroad passes through the valley on the west side of the citj'. Thus viewed, we have evidently the capital of a county, and the proper location for it also. But this was not so apparent in the spring of 1859, when the site was located. As already said, it was the men who settled on the site who made it the capital; and it was the willing, united labors of the citizens during the first years that gave to Logan much of this ample water power. The opening of its splendid commercial and manufacturing op- ]3ortunities were the results. Here we will excerpt a few pas- sages from our biographical sketch of Bishop Preston, prepared to accompany the history of this city and county, as will also be the case with the bishops and representative men generally; for in the biographies of the founders of the cities the livest and most graphic history of the country will be met. As the first settlers of Cache came into the valley, they ran eagerly to those places for location where water could be ob- tained with the greatest ease and the least irrigation. This fact the young man — Preston, who was destined to rank as chief among its founders and first Bishop of Logan, quickly learned on his arrival into Cache Valley. Men whom nature endows with very strong executive wills, great self-reliance and energy, are readily provoked to decision by just such a case. It was so now with Preston. Pursuing their journey from Maughan's Fort, Preston, with his brothers-in-law — John and Aaron Thatcher — drove north across the Logan River and came on to the north side to the spot where Logan now stands. "John," said the city-founder, with his usual decision of character, "this is good enough for me!" Whereupon, Preston and the Thatcher boys pitched their tents, took their wagon beds and put them on the ground and were at home. Thus the future bishop was located on the spot where a Temple city was destined to spring up in a few years under his fostering care. From such seemingly small incidents even great cities may rise. From that day the motto of Logan City might have been fitly inscribed in the expressive words of her first bishop — "this is good enough for me! " for those words have been emphasized by corresponding works by the foiandcrs of Logan generally. Preston by nature is a very taciturn man. So without much 44 354 tullidge's histories. communication with their neighboring settlers, he and the Thatchers vigorously set to work, minding their own business, building their house. They worked day and night; but their house was not yet finished when, in November, 1859, Orson Hyde and Ezra T. Benson came into Cache Valley to organize the settlements, which had been located under the direction of Peter Maughan. A bishop for Logan was wanted. "Who are you going to have for your bishop?" enquired Apostle Hyde. The veteran pioneer of Cache Vallej^, pointing across to Preston's house, replied: "There is a young man living in that house who seems to be a very enterprising, go-ahead man, who, I think, will make a good bishop. He and the Thatcher boys have done the most in the shape of building and improving during the time they have been here. They have worked day and night." The apostles were satisfied with the sagacious judgment of Peter Maughan, who possessed all the instincts of the true pioneer. " He'll do for the bishop," added Orson Hyde. And thus Wm. B. Preston, till this time comparatively un- known, was chosen bishop of Logan. He was accordingly ordained and set apart to that office under the hands of Orson Hyde, Ezra T. Benson and Peter Maughan. During the winter of 1859, the settlers of Logan built a school house, which was also used for a meeting house. _ There were but seventeen families in Logan at that date. The work next in the order of founding the city was to lay off and dig what is now known as Logan and Hyde Park Canal, which mainly waters Logan City and a large tract of farming land and also Hyde Park. Some thought it was too heavy a job, but the bishop, with the same decision of character which had led him to select the Logan site as his home, replied: " I think not, brethren. I guess we can cut the canal! " Early in the spring of 1860, while there was yet two feet of snow on the ground, Bishop Preston, with Surveyor Jesse W. Fox, laid off the city of Logan, the bishop carrying one end of the chain. During this year, 1860, there was a great immigra- tion from the surrounding country into Logan, and the Bishop spent his time in apportioning off and selecting homes for the new comers. Octwber 30th, 1859, at the request of President Joseph Young, Bishop Peter Maughan organized the Seventies Mass Quorum for the east side of Cache Valley, with Israel J. Clark, president, and Ebenezer Landars and Abraham V. Caldwell his counsellors; Ralph Smith, clerk. On Sunday, November 6th, the Hucrament was administered in Logan for GENERAL NOTES. 355 the first time, and at the same meeting the brethren all agreed to go to work immediately and build a log school house. On the i4tli day of November, 1859, Logan ward was organized by Apostles Orson Hyde, Ezra T. Benson, and Bishop Peter Maughan, with Wm. B. Preston as bishop, and George L. Farrell as clerk. Wm. B. Preston was or- dained and set apart by the brethren of the Twelve at said meeting. Thomas B. Ricks, Ebenezer Lanrtars, John E. Jones and John Nelson were then nominated and elected members of the High Council, and the first three were ordained and set apart by the brethren of the Twelve. It was motioned and seconded that Peter Maughan be sustained as pre- siding bishop of Cache Valley. After meeting, Gen. Chauncey West, from Ogden, called the brethren together and organized the Logan militia, with Israel J. Clark as major. On the 28th of November, we commenced to build our log school house on the southwest corner of the second block west of the public square. December 18th, 1859, we held our first meeting in our new log school house, at which meeting a Deacons' Quorum was organized, with Henry Bal- lard as president. On Thursday, January 5th, we held our first fast meeting and brought in our donations to the poor. On the 23d of January, 1860, the first day school was started in Logan, in our log school house. On the 13th of March, Jessie W. Fox surveyed Logan City plot, and Bishop Preston gave out the lots and farming and hay land to the settlers. March 25th, 1860, Apostle Ezra T. Benson moved to Logan, having been called to preside over this stake of Zion. The people turned out according to the call of Bishop Preston and fenced in a city lot and dug a well for President Benson. March 27th, we commenced our labors on the Logan and Hyde Park canal. April 2d, 1860, the people of Logan turned out and built a house of logs for Bishop Peter Maughan, and shortly after he moved into it from Wellsville. April 29th, 1860, the first company of Minute Men was organized, ^^•ith Thomas E. Ricks as captain, and George L. Farrell as adjutant. May 15th, Henry Ballard and James Harmison measured off" the first fence from Logan to Hyde Park and it was completed during the summer. May 18th, we finished our canal on the side hill and got the water into town. June 14th, Ezra T. Benson was elected colonel of the Cache Valley militia. These items of incidents and dates, which we are culling from the careful minutes kept year after year by George L. Far- rell, the first official secretary', afford the historian much subject for amplification. In the first place, we see on the face of the record this essential social organism of which we have spoken. Logan was not yet constructed into wards; but there was mucli of that fine governmental system of a regular community which has attracted the notice of every intelligent Gentile who has written upon the subject of Mormonism and the Mormons. We also see from the minutes, that already Cache Valley had com- menced a militia organization, a subject to be presently empha- sized, as it connects not only with the operations of the United 8tates troops, under General Connor, against the Indians of Cache Valley, but is of itself a refutation of that absurd charge, so constantly and persistently made, that the "Mormon militia" was organized for the express purpose of rebellion against the United States. The very next item found in Secretary Farrell's 35G tulltdge's histories. minutes, without liis intention to do so, refutes this view. Here it is: July 24th, 1860, an express reached here from Smithfleld stating that the Indians had liilled two of the brethren there and wounded others; whereupon Bishop Peter Maughan, Thomas E. Riclxs and George L. Farrell and twenty- live Minute Men, mounted their horses and rode to Smithfleld and found two men dead and three wounded. One Indian named "Pahguinup," the leader, was killed. We found one Indian hid in the grass and tool?; him prisoner, and brought him to Logan, and put him under guard in the school house. Just before dark a large company of Indians rushed upon us intending to release the prisoner; but we had about one hundred and fifty men on guard at the house, well armed. When the Indians saw our unity and determination, they were surprised and all passed off without any trouble. We had much trouble with the Indians all through the summer. February 10th, 1861, the first call was made for teams and teamsters to go to the States after the emigrating Saints, and on April 10th, five teams started from Logan. April 14th, 1861, Logan City was divided into four wards, with men to preside over them, as follows: Benjamin M. Lewis, president of First Ward; ilenry Ballard, President of Second AVard; John B. Thatcher, president of 'I'Uird Ward, and Thomas X. Smith, president of Fourth Ward. September 27th, the first agricultural fair was held in Logan, with Seth i\I. Blair, president. March 4th, 1862, we commenced to build a road into Logan Canyon. June 15th, 1862, a cloud burst in the mountains and washed out the Logan and Green C^aiiyon roads. January 28th, 1863, (Jolonel Connor passed through Logan with a com- pany of four hundred and fifty soldiers, and on the 29th he came upon and attacked a band of Indians in a deep ravine through which a small creek runs, west of Bear river and twenty miles north of Franklin. The Indians resisted the soldiers and a severe battle ensued which lasted four hours, in which eigh- teen soldiers were killed and wounded. About two hundred Indians were killed and a great many wounded. Colonel Connor captured about one hundred and fifty Indian ponies, and returned through Logan on January 31st. The weather was so intensely cold that scores of his men had their feet and hands frozen. We, the people of Cache Valley, looked upon the movement of Colonel Connor as intervention of the Almighty, as the Indians had been a source of great annoyance to us for a long time, causing us to stand guard over our stock and other property the most of the time since our first settlement. April 19th, 1863, Bishop Wm. B. Preston started this day for the fron- tiers as captain of our 50 Cache Valley teams to bring in the poor Saints; 11 of these teams were sent from Logan. Sept. 18th, 1863, Capt. Preston returned with the emigration to-day, leeling well. Feb. 26th, 1864. President E. T. Benson started on his mission to the Sandwich Islands. April 16th, 1864, Bishop Preston was called again to go to the Missouri River as captain of a company of fifty teams from Cache, Box Elder and Weber Counties to bring in the poor, and started this day. In tire latter part of June, 1864, Prest. Benson returned from his mission to the Sandwich Islands. Sept. 19th, Capt. Preston returned home from the States, feeling well. Januai-y 21st, 1865, we commenced to cut and slide logs for the Logan Tabernacle. April 2d, we commenced to build the Logan and Richmond canal, and on the first of June of the same year we had water running in it to Hyde Park. May 18th, 1865, Bishop Wm. B. Preston and others trom Logan started on a mission to Europe. August 4th, 1865, a brigade was organized in the Cache military distrit't, with E. T. Benson, brigadier-general. Dee. 2