CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Library F 472H8 H67 History of Howard and Cooper counties, M 3 1924 028 846 496 olin Overs The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028846496 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES, MISSOURI, WEITTEN AND COMPILED FROM THE MOST AUTHENTIC OFFICIAL AND PRIVATE SOURCES, INCLUDING A HISTORY OF ITS TOWNSHIPS, TOWNS AND VILLAGES. TOGETHER WITH A CONDENSED HISTORY OP MISSOURI; A RELIABLE AND DETAILED HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES — ITS PIONEER RECORD, RESOURCES, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF PROMINENT CITIZENS ; GENERAL AND LOCAL STATISTICS OF GREAT VALUE; INCIDENTS AND REMINISCENCES. ILL USTBATED. * ST. LOUIS: NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMPANY. 1883. , Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1883, by O. P. WILLIAMS & CO., In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. St. Louis, Mo.: Press of Nixon- Jones Prvn&ing Company. PREFACE. What wonderful changes a few years have wrought in this western country ! Less than eighty years ago not a single white man dwelt within the present confines of Howard and Cooper Counties. Their soil, had doubtless, occasionly been pressed by the feet of the reckless hunter and the daring ad- venturer, but their beautifully rolling prairies, their charming timber-fringed streams and enchanting groves were the homes of the antelope, the elk, the deer and the red man. How all has been changed by the hand of progress ! To-day the busy hum of industry everywhere resounds, and the voice of culture and refinement echo where once was heard the howl of the wild beast and the war-whoop of the Indian. These have been years of important events ; events fraught with interest to the sons and daughters from the old firesides of Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana, and from the more distant homes beyond the Atlantic. The energy and bravery of these hardy pioneers and their de- scendants have made Howard and Cooper Counties what they are. Their labors have made the wilderness to "bud and blossom as the rose ; " and to preserve the story of this won- derful change and to hand it down to posterity as a link in the history of the great country of which these counties form an integral part, has been the object of this book. While the publishers do not arrogate to themselves a degree of accuracy beyond criticism, they hope to have attained a large measure of exactness in the compilation and arrangement of the almost innumerable facts and incidents which are here treated. These facts and incidents have been gleaned from the memory and notes of the old settlers ; and, although an error may here and there seemingly occur, the reader must not hastily conclude that the history is in fault, but rather test his opinion with that of others familiar with the facts. IV PREFACE . It only remains for us to tender the people of Howard and Cooper Counties in general, our obligations for the courtesy extended to us and our representatives during the preparation of these annals ; without their aid, this history would have been left buried beneath the debris of time, unwritten and un- preserved. THE PUBLISHEKS. CONTENTS. HISTORY OF MISSOURI CHAPTEE I. The Louisiana Purchase — Brief Historical Sketch CHAPTEE II. Descriptive and Geographical CHAPTEE III. Geology op Missouri Title and Earlt Settlers Territorial Organization Admission Into the Union Missouri as a State CHAPTEE IV. CHAPTEE V. CHAPTEE VI. CHAPTEE VII. CHAPTEE VIII. Civil War in Missouri ..... CHAPTEE IX. Early Military Eecord op the State CHAPTEE X. Agriculture and Mineral Wealth CHAPTEE XI. Education — The Public School System CHAPTEE XII. Religious Denominations .... CHAPTEE XIII. Gov. Crittenden's Administration PAGE. 1-7 7-13 13-21 21-27 27-31 31-37 37-43 43-53 53-59 59-65 65-73 73-79 79-86 VI CONTENTS. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. CHAPTER I. page. The Pioneer — Introduction, Etc. . ... 87-100 CHAPTER II. Events Following Early Settlement — War Clouds . . 100-107 CHAPTER III. Territorial Laws — Organization, Etc. ..... 107-128 CHAPTER IV. Pioneer Life . ... 128-140 CHAPTER V. County and Township Systems — Government Surveys . 140-184 CHAPTER VI. History op Boone's Lick Township ... . 148-167 CHAPTER VII. History of Franklin Township ... • 157-176 CHAPTER VIII. History of Richmond Township . . . 176-204 CHAPTER IX. History of Chariton Township . . . 204-236 CHAPTER X. History of Prairie, Moniteau, Burton, and Bonne Femme Tps. 236-243 CHAPTER XI. Bench and Bar — Criminal Record . .... 243-258 CHAPTER XII. The Press of Howard County ... ... 258-264 CHAPTER XIII. Mexican War — California Emigrants — War of 1861 . . . 264-293 CHAPTER XIV. Agricultural Societies — Railroads — Miscellaneous Matters . 293-307 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XV. Political History . .... CHAPTER XVI. Physical and Geological Features CHAPTER XVII. Public Schools of the County CHAPTER XVIII. Ecclesiastical History ... CHAPTER XIX. List op Howard County Officials from 1816 BIOGRAPHICAL Richmond Township Chariton Township Franklin Township Boone's Lick Township Moniteau Township Prairie Township Burton Township Bonne Femme Township Addendum of Howard County HISTORY OF COOPER COUNTY. CHAPTER I. Introduction — First Settlements ... CHAPTER II. Customs of Early Days . . . . . . CHAPTER III. Organization of Cooper County — Early Courts CHAPTER IV. History of Boonville Township .... . . CHAPTER V. History of Blackwater, Clark's Fork and Clear Creek Townships VII PAGE. 307-320 320-327 329-332 332-352 352-358 358-425 425-486 486-529 529-543 543-568 568-586 • 586-602 602-610 610-617 617-629 629-639 629-652 652-682 682-687 Viii CONTENTS . CHAPTER VI. PA <5»- History of Kelly Township . • • 687-691 CHAPTER VII. History of Lamine and Moniteau Townships • • 691-694 CHAPTER VIII. History of Lebanon Township . . . • • 694-700 CHAPTER IX. i History of Otterville Township . . 700-709 CHAPTER X. History of Palestine Township . . . . 709-716 CHAPTER XI. History of Pilot Grove Township ... . 715-721 CHAPTER XII. History of Prairie Home Township ... . 721-725 CHAPTER XIII. History of Saline Township .... . 725-729 CHAPTER XIV. The Press and Public Schools ... ... 729-736 CHAPTER XV. Political History of Cooper County . . 736-752 CHAPTER XVI. War History ... 752-775 CHAPTER XVII. Bench and Bar — Crime and Suicides 775-789 CHAPTER XVIII. Railroads — Miscellaneous Facts . 789-801 CHAPTER XIX. California Emigrants— Temperance Excitement 801-80 5 CHAPTER XX. Samuel Cole 805-813 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. CHAPTEE I. LOUISIANA PUKCHASE. BRIEF HISTORICAL SKETCH. The purchase in 1803 of the vast territory west of the Mississippi River, by the United States, extending through Oregon to the Pacific coast and south to the Dominions of Mexico, constitutes the most im- portant event that ever occurred in the history of the nation. It gave to our- Republic additional room for that expansion and stupendous growth, to which it has since attained, in all that makes it strong and enduring, and forms the seat of an empire, from which will radiate an influence for good unequaled in the annals of time. In 1763, the immense region of country, known at that time as Louisiana, was ceded to Spain by France. By a secret article, in the treaty of St. Ildefonso, concluded in 1800, Spain ceded it back to France. Napoleon, at that time, coveted the island of St. Domingo, not only because of the value of its products, but more especially because its location in the Gulf of Mexico would, in a military point of view, afford him a fine field whence he could the more effectively guard his newly-acquired possessions. Hence he desired this cession by Spain should be kept a profound secret until he succeeded in reducing St. Domingo to submission. In this undertaking, however, his hopes were blasted, and so great was his disappointment that he apparently became indifferent to the advantages to be secured to France from his purchase of Louisiana. In 1803 he sent out Laussat as prefect of the colony, who gave the (1) 2 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. people of Louisiana the first intimation they had that they had once more become the subjects of France. This was the occasion of great rejoicing among the inhabitants, who were Frenchmen m their origin, habits, manners, and customs. , , . . Mr. Jefferson, then President of the United States, on being in- formed of the retrocession, immediately dispatched- instructions to Robert Livingston, the American Minister at Paris, to make known to Napoleon that the occupancy of New Orleans, by his government, would not only endanger the friendly relations existing between the two nations, but, perhaps, oblige the United States to make common cause with England, his bitterest and most dreaded enemy : as the possession of the city by France would give her command of the Mississippi, which was the only outlet for the produce of the "West- ern States, and give her also control oi the Gulf of Mexico, so neces- sary to the protection of American commerce. Mr. Jefferson was so fully impressed with the idea that the occupancy of New Orleans, by France, would bring about a conflict of interests between the two nations, which would finally culminate in an open rupture, that he uro-ed Mr. Livingston, to not only insist upon the free navigation of the Mississippi, but to negotiate for the purchase of the city and the surrounding country. The questiou of this negotiation was of so grave .a character to the United States that the President appointed Mr. Monroe, with full power to act in conjunction with Mr. Livingston. Ever equal to all emergencies, and prompt in the cabinet, as well as in the field, Na- poleon came to the conclusion that, as he could not well defend his occupancy of New Orleans, he would dispose of it, on the best terms possible. Before, however, taking final action in the matter, he sum- moned two of his Ministers, and addressed them follows : — " I am fully sensible of the value of Louisiana, and it was my wish to repair the error of the French diplomatists who abandoned it in 1763. I have scarcely recovered it before I run the risk of losing it: but if I am obliged to give it up, it shall hereafter cost more to those who force me to part with it, than to those to whom I shall yield it. The English have despoiled France of all her northern pos- sessions in America, and now they covet those of the South. I am determined that they shall not have the Mississippi. Although Louisiana is but a trifle compared to their vast possessions in other parts of the globe, yet, judging from the vexation they have mani- fested on seeing it return to the power of France, I am certain that HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 3 their first object will be to gain possession of it. They will proba- bly commence the war in that quarter. They have twenty vessels in the Gulf of Mexico, and our affairs in St. Domingo are daily getting worse since the death of LeCIerc. The conquest of Louisiana might be easily made, and I have not a moment to lose in getting out of their reach. I am not sure but that they have already begun an at- tack upon it. Such a measure would be in accordance with their habits ; and in their place I should not wait. I am inclined, in order to deprive them of all prospect of ever possessing it, to cede it to the United States. Indeed, I can hardly say that I cede it, for I do not yet possess it ; and if I wait but a short time my enemies may leave me nothing but an empty title to grant to the Republic I wish to con- ciliate. I consider the whole colony as lost, and I believe that in the hands of this rising power it will be more useful to the political and even commercial interests of France than if I should attempt to retain it. Let me have both your opinions on the subject." One of his Ministers approved of the contemplated cession, but the other opposed it. The matter was long and earnestly, discussed by them, before the conference was ended. The next day, Napoleon sent for the Minister who had agreed with him, and said to him : — "The season for deliberation is over. I have determined to re- nounce Louisiana. I shall give up not only New Orleans, but the whole colony, without reservation. That I do not undervalue Louis- iana, I have sufficiently proved, as the object of my first treaty with Spain was to recover it. But though I regret parting with it, I am convinced it would be folly to persist in trying to keep it. I commis- sion you, therefore, to negotiate this affair with the envoys of the United States. Do not wait the arrival of Mr. Monroe, but go this very day and confer with Mr. Livingston. Remember, however, that I need ample funds for carrying on the war, and I do not wish to com- mence it by levying new taxes. For the last century France and Spain have incurred great expense in the improvement of Louisiana, for which her trade has never indemnified them. Large sums have been advanced to different companies, which have never been returned to the treasury. It is fair that I should require repayment for these. Were I to regulate my demands by the importance of this territory to the United States, they would be unbounded ; but, being obliged to part with it, I shall be moderate in my terms. Still, remember, I must have fifty millions of francs, and I will not consent to take less. 4 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. I would rather make some desperate effort to preserve this fine country." That day the negotiations commenced. Mr. Monroe reached Paris on the 12th of April, 1803, and the two representatives of the United States, after holding a private interview, announced that they were ready to treat for the entire territory. On the 30th of April, the treaty was signed, and on the 21st of October, of the same year, Con- gress ratified the treaty. The United States were to pay $11,250,000, and her citizens were to be compensated for some illegal captures., to the amount of $3,750,000, making in the aggregate the sum of $15,000,000, while it was agreed that the vessels and merchandise of France and Spain should be admitted into all the ports ot Louisiana free of duty for twelve years. Bonaparte stipulated in favor of Louisiana, that it should be, as soon as possible, incorporated into the Union, and that its inhabitants should enjoy the same rights, privileges and immunities as other citizens of the United States, and the clause giving to them these benefits was drawn up by Bonaparte, who presented it to the plenipotentiaries with these words : — " Make it known to the people of Louisiana, that we regret to part with them ; that we have stipulated for all the advantages they could desire ; and that France, in giving them up, has insured to them the greatest of all. They could never have prospered under any Euro- pean government as they will when they become independent. But while they enjoy the privileges of liberty let them remember that they are French, and preserves for their mother country that affection which a common origin inspires." Complete satisfaction was given to both parties in the terms of the treaty. Mr. Livingston said : — " I consider that from this day the United States takes rank with the first powers of Europe, and now she has entirely escaped from the power of England," and Bonaparte expressed a similar sentiment when he said : " By this cession of territory I have secured the power of the United States, and given to England a maritime rival, who, at some future time, will humble her pride." These were prophetic words, for within a few years afterward the British met with a signal defeat, on the plains of the very territory of which the great Corsican had been speaking. From 1800, the date of the cession made by Spain, to 1803, when it was purchased by the United States, no change had been made by HISTORY OF MISSOURI. the French authorities in the jurisprudence of the Upper and Lower Louisiana, and during this period the Spanish laws remained in full force, as the laws of the entire province ; a fact which is of interest to those who would understand the legal history and some of the present laws of Missouri. On December 20th, 1803, Gens. Wilkinson and Claiborne, who were jointly commissioned to take possession of the territory for the United States, arrived in the city of New Orleans at the head of the American forces. Laussat, who had taken possession but twenty days previously as the prefect of the colony, gave up his command, and the star-spangled banner supplanted the tri-colored flag of France. The agent of France, to take possession of Upper Louisiana from the Spanish authorities, was Amos Stoddard, captain of artillery in the United States service. He was placed in possession of St. Louis on the 9th of March, 1804, by Charles Dehault Delassus, the Spanish commandant, and on the following day he transferred it to the United States. The authority of the United States in Missouri dates from this day. From that moment the interests of the people of the Mississippi Valley became identified. They were troubled no more with uncer- tainties in regard to free navigation. The great river, along whose banks they had planted their towns and villages, now afforded them a safe and easy outlet to the markets of the world. Under the pro- tecting aegis of a government, republican in form, and having free access to an almost boundless domain, embracing in its broad area the diversified climates of the globe, and possessing a soil unsurpassed for fertility, beauty of scenery and wealth of minerals, they had every incentive to push on their enterprises and build up the land wherein their lot had been cast. In the purchase of Louisiana, it was known that a great empire had been secured as a heritage to the people of our country, for all time to come, but its grandeur, its possibilities, its inexhaustible resources and the important relations it would sustain to the nation and the world were never dreamed of by even Mr. Jefferson and his adroit and accomplished diplomatists. The most ardent imagination never conceived of the progress which would mark the history of the " Great West." The adventurous pioneer, who fifty years ago pitched his tent upon its broad prairies, or threaded the dark labyrinths of its lonely forests, little thought that a mighty tide of physical and intellectual strength, would so rapidly 6 HISTORY OF MISSOURI flow on in his footsteps, to populate, build up and enrich the domain which he had conquered. Year after year, civilization has advanced further and further, until at length the mountains, the hills and the valleys, and even the rocks and the caverns, resound with the noise and din of busy millions. " I beheld the westward marches Of the unknown crowded nations. All the land was full of people, Restless, struggling, toiling, striving, Speaking many tongues, yet feeling But one heart-beat in their bosoms. In the woodlands rang their axes ; Smoked their towns in all the valleys; Over all the lakes and rivers Rushed their great canoes of thunder." In 1804, Congress, by an act passed in April of the same year, divided Louisiana into two parts, the " Territory of Orleans," and the " District of Louisiana," known as "Upper Louisiana." This district included all that portion of the old province, north of " Hope Encampment," on the Lower Mississippi, and embraced the present State of Missouri, and all the western region of country to the Pacific Ocean, and all below the forty-ninth degree of north latitude not claimed by Spain. As a matter of convenience, on March 26th, 1804, Missouri was placed within the jurisdiction of the government of the Territory of Indiana, and its government put in motion by Gen. William H. Har- rison, then governor of Indiana. In this he was assisted by Judges Griffin, Vanderburg and Davis, who established in St. Louis what were called Courts of Common Pleas. The District of Louisiana was re°-u- larly organized into the Territory of Louisiana by Congress, March 3, 1805, and President Jefferson appointed Gen . James Wilkinson, Gov- ernor, and Frederick Bates, Secretary. The Legislature of the ter- ritory was formed by Governor Wilkinson and Judges R. J. Meio-s and John B. C. Lucas. In 1807, Governor Wilkinson was succeeded by Captain Meriwether Lewis, who had become famous by reason of his having made the expedition up the Missouri with Clark. Governor Lewis committed suicide in 1809 and President Madison appointed Gen. Benjamin Howard of Lexington, Kentucky, to fill his place. Gen. Howard resigned October 25, 1810, to enter the war of 1812, and died in St. Louis, in 1814. Captain William Clark, of Lewis and Clark's expedition, was appointed Governor in 1810, to succeed Gen. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 7 Howard, and remained in office until the admission of the State into the Union, in 1821. The portions of Missouri which were settled, for the purposes of local government were divided into /four districts. Cape Girardeau was the first, and embraced the territory between Tywappity Bottom and Apple Creek. Ste. Genevieve, the second, embraced the terri- tory from Apple Creek to the Meramec River. St. Louis, the third, embraced the territory between the Meramec and Missouri Rivers. St. Charles, the fourth, included the settled territory, between the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. The total population of these dis- tricts at that time, was 8,670, including slaves. The population of the district of Louisiana, when ceded to the United States was 10.120. CHAPTEK II. DESCRIPTIVE AND GEOGRAPHICAL. Name — Extent — Surface — Eivers — Timber — Climate — Prairies — Soils — Popula- tion by Counties. NAME. The name Missouri is derived from the Indian tongue and signifies muddy. EXTENT. Missouri is bounded on the north by Iowa (from which it is sep- arated for about thirty miles on the northeast, by the Des Moines River), and on the east by the Mississippi River, which divides it from Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee, and on the west by the Indian Ter- ritory, and the States of Kansas and Nebraska, The State lies (with the exception of a small projection between the St. Francis and the Mississippi Rivers, which extends to 36°), between 36° 30' and 40° 36' north latitude, and between 12° 2' and 18° 51' west longitude from Washington. The extreme width of the State east and west, is about 348 miles ; its width on its northern boundary, measured from its northeast cor- ner along the Iowa line, to its intersection with the Des Moines 8 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. River, is about 210 miles ; its width on its southern boundary is about 288 miles. Its average width is about 235 miles. The length of the State north and south , not including the narrow strip between the St. Francis and Mississippi Rivers, is about 282 miles. It is about 450 miles from its extreme northwest corner to its southeast corner, and from the northeast corner to the southwest corner, it is about 230 miles. These limits embrace an area of 65,350 square miles, or 41,824,000 acres, being nearly as large as England, and the States of Vermont and New Hampshire. SURFACE. North of the Missouri, the State is level or undulating, while the portion south of that river (the larger portion of the State) exhibits a greater variety of surface. In the southeastern part is an extensive marsh, reaching beyond the State into Arkansas. The remainder of this portion between the Mississippi and Osage Rivers is rolling, and gradually rising into a hilly and mountainous district, forming the out- skirts of the Ozark Mountains. Beyond the Osage River, at some distance, commences a vast- ex- panse of prairie land which stretches away towards the Rocky Moun- tains. The ridges forming the Ozark chain extend in a northeast and southwest direction, separating the waters that flow northeast into the Missouri from those that flow southeast into the Mississippi River. RIVERS. No State in the Union enjoys better facilities for navigation than Missouri. By means of the Mississippi River, which stretches along her entire eastern boundary, she can hold commercial intercourse with the most northern territory and State in the Union ; with the whole valley of the Ohio ; with many of the Atlantic States, and with the Gulf of Mexico. "Ay, gather Europe's royal rivers all — The snow-swelled Neva, with an Empire's weight On her broad breast, she yet may overwhelm; Dark Danube, hurrying, as by foe pursued, Through shaggy forests and by palace walls, To hide its terror in a sea of gloom ; The castled Rhine, whose vine-crowned waters flow The fount of fable and the source of song ; ' The rushing Rhone, in whose cerulean depths The loving sky seems wedded with the wave- The yellow Tiber, chok'd with Roman spoils) HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 9 A dying miser shrinking 'neath his gold ; The Seine, where fashion glasses the fairest forms ; The Thames that bears the riches of the world; Gather their waters in one ocean mass, Our Mississippi rolling proudly on, Would sweep them from its path, or swallow up, Like Aaron's rod, these streams of fame and song." By the Missouri River she can extend her commerce to the Rocky Mountains, and receive in return the products which will come in the course of time, by its multitude of tributaries. The Missouri River coasts the northwest line of the State for abput 250 miles, following its windings, and then flows through the State, a little south of east, to its junction with the Mississippi. The Mis- souri River receives a number of tributaries within the limits of the State, the principal of which are the Nodaway, Platte, Grand and Chariton from the north, and the Blue, Sniabar, Lamine, Osage and Gasconade from the south. The principal tributaries of the Missis- sippi within the State, are the Salt River, north, and the Meramec River south of the Missouri. The St. Francis and White Rivers, with their branches, drain the southeastern part of the State, and pass into Arkansas. The Osage is navigable for steamboats for more than 175 miles. There are a vast number of smaller streams, such as creeks, branches and rivers, which water the State in all directions. Timber. — Not more towering in their sublimity were the cedars of ancient Lebanon, nor more precious in their utility were the almug- trees of Ophir, than the native forests of Missouri. The river bottoms are covered with a luxuriant growth of oak, ash, elm, hickory, cotton- wood, linn, white and black walnut, and in fact, all the varieties found in the Atlantic and Eastern States. In the more barren districts may be seen the white and pin oak, and in many places a dense growth of pine. The crab apple, papaw and persimmon are abundant, as also the hazel and pecan. Climate. — The climate of Missouri is, in general, pleasant and salubrious. Like that of North America, it is changeable, and sub- iect to sudden and sometimes extreme changes of heat and cold ; but it is decidedly milder, taking the whole year through, than that of the same latitudes east of the mountains. While the summers are not more oppressive than they are in the corresponding latitudes on and near the Atlantic coast, the winters are shorter, and very much milder, 10 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. except during the month of February, which has many days of pleas- ant sunshine. Prairies. — Missouri is a prairie State, especially that portion of it north and northwest of the Missouri River. These prairies, along the Water courses, abound with the thickest and most luxurious belts of timber, while the "rolling" prairies occupy the higher portions of the country, the descent generally to the forests or bottom lands being over only declivities. Many of these prairies, however, exhibit a grace- fully waving surface, swelling and sinking with an easy slope, and a full, rounded outline, equally avoiding the unmeaning horizontal sur- face and the interruption of abrupt or angular elevations. These prairies often embrace extensive tracts of land, and in one or two instances they cover an area of fifty thousand acres. During the spring and summer they are carpeted with a velvet of green, and gaily bedecked with flowers of various forms and hues, making a most fascinating panorama of ever-changing color and loveliness. To fully appreciate their great beauty and magnitude, they must be seen. Soil. — The soil of Missouri is good, and of great agricultural capa- bilities, but the most fertile portions of the State are the river bot- toms, which are a rich alluvium, mixed in many cases with sand, the producing qualities of which are not excelled by the prolific valley of the famous Nile. South of the Missouri River there is a greater variety of soil, but much of it is fertile, and even in the mountains and mineral districts there are rich valleys, and about the sources of the White, Eleven Points, Current and Big Black Rivers, the soil, though unproductive, furnishes a valuable growth of yellow pine. The marshy lands in the southeastern part of the State will, by a system of drainage, be one of the most fertile districts in the State. HI8TOET OF MISSOURI. POPULATION BY COUNTIES IN 1870, 1876, AND 1880. 11 Counties. Adair . Andrew Atchison . Audrain Barry . Barton Bates . Benton Bollinger . Boone Buchanan . Butler Caldwell . Callaway . Camden Cape Girardeau Carroll Carter Cass . Cedar . Chariton Christian . Clark . Clay . . Clinton Cole . Cooper Crawford . Dade . Dallas Daviess , DeKalb . Dent . Douglas . Dunklin Franklin . Gasconade . Gentry Greene Grundy Harrison . Henry Hickory Holt . Howard Howell Iron . * Jackson . Jasper Jefferson . Johnson Knox . Laclede . Lafayette . Lawrence . Lewis . Lincoln Linn . Livingston . 1870. 11,449 15,137 8,440 12,307 10,373 6,087 15,960 11,322 8,162 20,765 35,109 4,298 11,390 19,202 6,108 17,558 17,440 1,440 19,299 9,471 19,136 6,707 13,667 15,564 14,063 10,292 20,692 7,982 8,683 8,383 14,410 9,858 6,357 3,915 5,982 30,098 10,093 11,607 21,549 10,567 14,635 17,401 6,452 11,652 17,233 4,218 6,278 55,041 14,928 15,380 24,648 10,974 9,380 22,624 13,067 15,114 15,960 15,906 16,730 1876. 13,774 14,992 10,925 15,157 11,146 6,900 17,484 11,027 8,884 31,923 38,165 4,363 12,200 25,257 7,027 17,891 21,498 1,549 18,069 9,897 23,294 7,936 14,549 15,320 13,698 14,122 21,356 9,391 11,089 8,073 16,557 11,159 7,401 6,461 6,255 26,924 11,160 12,673 24,693 13,071 18,530 18,465 5,870 13,245 17,815 6,766 6,623 64,045 29,384 16,186 23,646 12,678 9,845 22,204 13,054 16,360 16,858 18,110 18,074 1880. 15,190 16,318 14,565 19,739 14,424 10,332 25,382 12,398 11,132 25,424 49,824 6,011 13,654 23,670 7,269 20,998 23,300 2,168 22,431 10,747 25,224 9,632 15,631 15,579 16,073 15,519 21,622 10,763 12,557 9,272 19,174 13,343 10,647 7,753 9,604 26,536 11,153 17,188 28,817 15,201 20,318 23,914 7,388 15,510 18,428 8,814 8,183 82,328 32,021 18,736 28,177 13,047 11,524 25,761 17,585 15,925 17,443 20,016 20,205 12 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. POPULATION BY COUNTIES — Continued. Counties. McDonald Macon Madison Maries Marion Mercer Miller Mississippi Moniteau Monroe Montgomery Morgan New Madrid Newton Nodaway Oregon Osage . Ozark . Pemiscot Perry . Pettis . Phelps Pike . Platte Polk . Pulaski Putnam Rails . Randolph Ray . Reynolds Ripley St. Charles St. Clair St. Prancois Ste. Genevieve St. Louis 1 Saline Schuyler Scotland Scott . Shannon Shelby Stoddard Stone . Sullivan Taney Texas Vernon Warren Washington Wayne Webster Worth Wright City of St. Louis 1876. 1876. 5,226 23,230 5,849 5,916 23,780 11,557 6,616 4,982 13,375 17,149 10,405 8,434 6,357 12,821 14,751 3,287 10,793 3,363 2,059 9,877 18,706 10,606 23,076 17,352 14,445 4,714 11,217 10,510 15,908 18,700 3,756 3,175 21,304 6,742 ■ 9,742 8,384 351,189 21,672 8,820 10,670 7,317 2,339 10,119 8,535 3,253 11,907 4,407 9,618 11,247 9,673 11,719 6,068 10,434 5,004 5,684 6,072 25,028 8,750 6,481 22,794 13,393 8,529 7,498 13,084 17,751 14,418 9,529 6,673 16,875 23,196 4,469 11,200 4,579 2,573 11,189 23,167 9,919 22,828 15,948 13,467 6,157 12,641 9,997 19,173 18,394 4,716 3,913 21,821 11,242 11,621 9,409 27,087 9,881 12,030 7,312 3,236 13,243 10,888 3,544 14,039 6,124 10,287 14,413 10,321 13,100 7,006 10,684 7,164 6,124 1880. 7,816 26,223 8,866 7,304 24,837 14,674 9,807 9,270 14,349 19,075 16,250 10,134 7,694 18,948 29,560 6,791 11,824 5,618 4,299 11,895 27,285 12,565 26,716 17,372 15,745 7,250 13,556 11,838 22,751 20,1% 6,722 5,377 23,060 14,126 13,822 10,309 31,888 29,912 10,470 12,507 8,587 3,441 14,024 13,432 4,405 16,569 5,605 12,207 19,370 10,806 12,895 9,097 12,175 8,208 9,733 850,522 1,721,295 1,547,030 1 2,168,804 i St. Louis City and County separated to 1877. Population lor 1876 not given. HISTORY OP MISSOURI. SUMMARY. 13 Males Females Native Foreign White Colored ' 1,126,424 1,041,380 1,957,564 211,240 2,023,568 145,236 CHAP TEE HI. GEOLOGY OF MISSOURI. Classification of Rocks — Quatenary Formation — Tertiary — Cretaceous — Carbonifer- ous — Devonian — Silurian — Azoic — Economic Geology — Coal — Iron — Lead — Copper — Zinc — Building Stone — Marble — Gypsum — Lime — Clays — Paints — Springs — Water Power. The stratified rocks of Missouri, as classified and treated of by Prof. G. C. Swallow, belong to the following divisions : I. Quatenary ; II. Tertiary; III. Cretaceous; IV. Carboniferous; V. Devonian; VI. Silurian ; VII. Azoic. " The Quatenary formations, are the most recent, and the most valuable to man: valuable, because they can be more readily utilized. The Quatenary formation in Missouri, embraces the Alluvium, 30 feet thick ; Bottom Prairie, 30 feet thick ; Bluff, 200 feet thick ; and Drift, 155 feet thick. The latest deposits are those which constitute the Alluvium, and includes the soils, pebbles and sand, clays, vegeta- ble mould, bog, iron ore, marls, etc. The Alluvium deposits, cover an area, within the limits of Mis- souri, of more than four millions acres of land, which are not sur- passed for fertility by any region of country on the globe. The Bluff Prairie formation is confined to the low lands, which are washed by the two great rivers which course our eastern and western boundaries, and while it is only about half as extensive as the Allu- vial, it is equally as rich and productive." " The Bluff formation," says Prof. Swallow, " rests upon the ridges and river bluffs, and descends along their slopes to the lowest valleys, the formation capping all the Bluffs of the Missouri from Fort Union to its mouth, and those of the Mississippi from Dubuque 1 Including 92 Chinese, 2 half Chinese, and 96 Indians and half-breeds. 14 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. to the mouth of the Ohio. It forms the upper stratum beneath the soil of all the high lands, both timber and prairies, of all the counties north of the Osage and Missouri, and also St. Louis, and the Missis- sippi counties on the south. Its greatest development is in the counties on the Missouri River from the Iowa line to Boonville. In some localities it is 200 feet thick. At St. Joseph it is 140 ; at Boonville 100 ; and at St. Louis, in St. George's quarry, and the Big Mound, it is about 50 feet ; while its greatest observed thickness in Marion county was only 30 feet." The Drift formation is that which lies beneath the Bluff formation, having, as Prof. Swallow informs us, three distinct deposits, to wit: "Altered Drift, which are strata of sand and pebbles, seen in the banks of the Missouri, in the northwestern portion of the State. The Boulder formation is a heterogeneous stratum of sand, gravel and boulder, and water-worn fragments of the older rocks. Boulder Clay is a bed of bluish or brown sandy clay, through which pebbles are scattered in greater or less abundance. In some locali- ties in northern Missouri, this formation assumes a pure white, pipe- clay color." The Tertiary formation is made up of clays, shales, iron ores, sand- stone, and sands, scattered along the bluffs, and edges of the bottoms, reaching from Commerce, Scott County, to Stoddard, and south to the Chalk Bluffs in Arkansas. The Cretaceous formation lies beneath the Tertiary, and is com- posed of variegated sandstone, bluish-brown sandy slate, whitish- brown impure sandstone, fine white clay mingled with spotted flint, purple, red and blue clays, all being in the aggregate, 158 feet in thickness. There are no fossils in these rocks, and nothing by which their age may be told. The Carboniferous system includes the Upper Carboniferous or coal-measures, and the LoWer Carboniferous or Mountain limestone. The coal-measures are made up of numerous strata of sandstones, limestones, shales, clays, marls, spathic iron ores, and coals. The Carboniferous formation, including coal-measures and the beds of iron, embrace an area in Missouri of 27,000 square miles. The varieties of coal found in the State are the common bituminous and cannel coals, and they exist in quantities inexhaustible. The fact that these coal-measures are full of fossils, which are always confined HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 15 to the coal measures, enables the geologist to point them out, and the coal beds contained in them. The rocks of the Lower Carboniferous formation are varied in color, and are quarried in many different parts of the State, being exten- sively utilized for building and other purposes. Among the Lower Carboniferous rocks is found the Upper Archi- medes Limestone, 200 feet ; Ferruginous Sandstone, 195 feet ; Mid- dle Archimedes, 50 feet ; St. Louis Limestone, 250 feet ; Oolitic Limestone, 25 feet ; Lower Archimedes Limestone, 350 feet ; and Encrinital Limestone, 500 feet. These limestones generally contain fossils. The Ferruginous limestone is soft when quarried, but becomes hard and durable after exposure. It contains large quantities of iron, and is found skirting the eastern coal measures from the mouth of the Des Moines to McDonald county. The St. Louis limestone is of various hues and tints, and very hard. It is found in Clark, Lewis and St. Louis counties. The Lower Archimedes limestone includes partly the lead bearing rocks of Southwestern Missouri. The Encrinital limestone is the most extensive of the divisions of Carboniferous limestone, and is made up of brown, buff, gray and white. In these strata are found the remains of corals and mollusks. This formation extends from Marion county to Greene county. The Devonian system contains : Chemung Group, Hamilton Group, Onondaga limestone and Oriskany sandstone. The rocks of the Devonian system are found in Marion, Ralls, Pike, Callaway, Saline and Ste. Genevieve counties. The Chemung Group has three formations, Chouteau limestone, 85 feet; Vermicular sandstone and shales, 75 feet; Lithographic lime- stone, 125 feet. The Chouteau limestone is in two divisions, when fully developed, and when first quarried is soft. It is not only good for building pur- poses but makes an excellent cement. The Vermicular sandstone and shales are usually buff or yellowish brown, and perforated with pores. The Lithographic limestone is a pure, fine, compact, evenly-tex- tured limestone. Its color varies from light drab to buff and blue. It is called "pot metal," because under the hammer it gives a sharp, ringing sound. It bas but few fossils. 16 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. The Hamilton Group is made up of some 40 feet of blue shales, and 170 feet of crystalline limestone. Onondaga limestone is usually a coarse, gray or buff crystalline, thick-bedded and cherty limestone. No formation in Missouri pre- sents such variable and widely different lithological characters as the Onondaga. The Oriskany sandstone is a light, gray limestone. Of the Upper Silurian series there are the following formations : Lower Helderberg, 350 feet ; Niagara Group, 200 feet ; Cape Girar- deau limestone, 60 feet. The Lower Helderberg is made up of buff, gray, and reddish cherty and argillaceous limestone. Niagara Group. The Upper part of this group consists of red, yellow and ash-colored shales, with compact limestones, variegated with bands and nodules of chert. The Cape Girardeau limestone, on the Mississippi Eiver near Cape Girardeau, is a compact, bluish-gray, brittle limestone, with smooth fractures in layers from two to six inches in thickness, with argilla- ceous partings. These strata contain a great many fossils. The Lower Silurian has the following ten formations, to wit : Hud- son River Group, 220 feet ; Trenton limestone, 360 feet ; Black River and Bird's Eye limestone, 175 feet; first Magnesian limestone, 200 feet; Saccharoidal sandstone, 125 feet; second Magnesian limestone, 250 feet ; second sandstone, 115 feet ; third Magnesian limestone, 350 feet; third sandstone, 60 feet; fourth Magnesian limestone, 350 feet. Hudson River Group : — There are three formations which Prof. Swallow refers to in this group. These formations are found in the bluff above and below Louisiana ; on the Grassy a few miles north- west of Louisiana, and in Ralls, Pike, Cape Girardeau and Ste. Gene- vieve Counties. Trenton limestone : The upper part of this formation is made up of thick beds of hard, compact, bluish gray and drab limestone, varie- gated with irregular cavities, filled with greenish materials. The beds are exposed between Hannibal and New London north of Salt River, near Glencoe, St. Louis County, and are seventy-five feet thick. Black River and Bird's Eye limestone the same color as the Trenton limestone. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 17 The first Magnesian limestone cap the picturesque bluffs of the Osage in Benton and neighboring counties. The Saccharoidal sandstone has a wide range in the State. In a bluff about two miles from Warsaw, is a very striking change of thick- ness of this formation. Second Magnesian limestone, in lithological character, is like the first. The second sandstone, usually of 3^ellowish brown, sometimes becomes a pure white, fine-grained, soft sandstone as on Cedar Creek, in Washington and Franklin Counties. The third Magnesian limestone is exposed in the high and picturesque bluffs of the Niangua, in the neighborhood of Bryce's Spring. The third sandstone is white and has a formation in moving water. The fourth Magnesian limestone is seen on the Niangua and Osage Rivers. The Azoic rocks lie below the Silurian and form a series of silicious and other slates which contain no remains of organic life. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY. Coal. — Missouri is particularly rich in minerals. Indeed, no State in the Union, surpasses her in this respect. In some unknown age of the past — long before the existence of man — Nature, by a wise process, made a bountiful provision for the time, when in the order of things, it should be necessary 'for civilized man to take possession of these broad, rich prairies. As an equivalent for lack of forests, she quietly stored away beneath the soil those wonderful carboniferous treasures for the use of man. Geological surveys have developed the fact that the coal deposits in the State are almost unnumbered, embracing all varieties of the best bituminous coal. A large portion of the State, has been ascer- tained to be one continuous coal field, stretching from the mouth of the Des Moines River through Clark, Lewis, Scotland, Adair, Macon, Shelby, Monroe, Audrain, Callaway, Boone, Cooper, Pettis, Benton, Henry, St. Clair, Bates, Vernon, Cedar, Dade, Barton and Jasper, into the Indian Territory, and the counties on the northwest of this line contain more or less coal. Coal rocks exist in Ralls, Mont- gomery, Warren, St. Charles, Moniteau, Cole, Morgan, Crawford and I Lincoln, and during the past few years, all along the lines of all the railroads in North Missouri, and along the western end of the Missouri Pacific, and on the Missouri River, between Kansas City and Sioux 2 18 HISTOKY OF MISSOURI. City, has systematic mining, opened up hundreds of mines in different localities. The area of our coal beds, on the line of the southwestern boundary of the State alone, embraces more than 26,000 square miles of regular coal measures. This will give of workable coal, if the average be one foot, 26,800,000,000 tons. The estimates from the developments already made, in the different portions of the State, will give 134,000,000,000 tons. The economical value of this coal to the State, its influence in domestic life, in navigation, commerce and manufactures, is beyoud the imagination of man to conceive. Suffice it to say, that in the pos- session of her developed and undeveloped coal mines, Missouri has a motive power, which in its influences for good, in the civilization of man, is more potent than the gold of California. Iron. — Prominent among the minerals, which increase the power and prosperity of a nation, is iron. Of this ore, Missouri has an inex- haustible quantity, and like her coal fields, it has been developed in many portions of the State, and of the best and purest quality. It is found in great abundance in the counties of Cooper, St. Clair,, Greene, Henry, Franklin, Benton, Dallas, Camden, Stone, Madison, Iron, Washington, Perry, St. Francois, Reynolds, Stoddard, Scott, Dent and others. The greatest deposit of iron is found in the Iron Moun- tain, which is two hundred feet high, and covers an area of five hun- dred acres, and produces a metal, which is shown by analysis, to con- tain from 65 to 69 per cent of metallic iron. The ore of Shepherd Mountain contains from 64 to 67 per cent of metallic iron. The ore of Pilot Knob contains from 53 to 60 per cent. Rich beds of iron are also found at the Big Bogy Mountain, and at Russell Mountain. This ore has, in its nude state, a varietv of colors, from the red, dark red, black, brown, to a light bluish gray. The red ores are found in twenty-one or more counties of the State, and are of great commercial value. The brown hematite iron ores extend over a greater range of country than all the others combined, embrac- ing about one hundred counties, and have been ascertained to exist in these in large quantities. Lead. — Long before any permanent settlements were made in Mis- souri by the whites, lead was mined within the limits of the State at two or three points on the Mississippi. At this time more than five hundred mines are opened, and many of them are being successfully worked. These deposits of lead cover an area, so far as developed^ of more than seven thousand square miles. Mines have been opened* HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 19 in Jefferson, Washington, St. Francois, Madison, Wayne, Carter, Rey- nolds, Crawford, Ste. Genevieve, Perry, Cole, Cape Girardeau, Cam- den, Morgan, and many other counties. Copper and Zinc. — Several varieties of copper ore are found in Missouri. The copper mines of Shannon, Madison and Franklin Counties have been known for years, and some of these have been successfully worked and are now yielding good results. Deposits of copper have been discovered in Dent, Crawford, Ben- ton, Maries, Green, Lawrence, Dade, Taney, Dallas, Phelps, Reynolds and Wright Counties. Zinc is abundant in nearly all the lead mines in the southwestern part of the State, and since the completion of the A. & P. R. R. a market has been furnished for this ore, which will be converted into valuable merchandise. Building Stone and Marble. — There is no scarcity of good building stone in Missouri. Limestone, sandstone and granite exist in all shades of buff, blue, red and brown, and are of great beauty as build- ing material. There are many marble beds m the State, some of which furnish very beautiful and excellent marble. It is found in Marion, Cooper, St. Louis, and other counties. One of the most desirable of the Missouri marbles is in the 3rd Magnesian limestone, on the Niangua. It is fine-grained, crystalline, silico-magnesian limestone, light-drab, slightly tinged with peach blos- som, and clouded by deep flesh-colored shades. In ornamental archi- tecture it is rarely surpassed. Gypsum and Lime. — Though no extensive beds of gypsum have been -discovered in Missouri, there are vast beds of the pure white crystalline variety on the line of the Kansas Pacific Railroad, on Kan- sas River, and on Gypsum Creek. It exists also in several other localities accessible by both rail and boat. All of the limestone formations in the State, from the coal measures to fourth Magnesian, have more or less strata of very nearly pure car- bonate of pure lime. Clays and Paints. — Clays are found in nearly all parts of the State suitable for making bricks. Potters' clay and fire-clay are worked in many localities. There are several beds of purple shades in the coal measures which possess the properties requisite for paints used in outside work. Yel- low and red ochres are found in considerable quantities on the Missouri 20 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. River. Some of these paints have been thoroughly tested and found fire-proof and durable. SPRINGS AND WATER POWER. No State is, perhaps, better supplied with cold springs of pure water than Missouri. Out of the bottoms, there is scarcely a section of land but has one or more perennial springs of good water. Even where there are no springs, good water can be obtained by digging from twenty to forty feet. Salt springs are abundant in the central part of the State, and discharge their brine in Cooper, Saline, Howard, and adjoining counties. Considerable salt was made in Cooper and Howard Counties at an early day. Sulphur springs are also numerous throughout the State. The Chouteau Springs in Cooper, the Monagaw Springs in St. Clair, the Elk Springs in Pike, and the Cheltenham Springs in St. Louis County have acquired considerable reputation as salubrious waters, and have become popular places of resort. Many other counties have good sulphur springs. Among the Chalybeate springs the Sweet Springs on the Blaok- water, and the Chalybeate spring in the University campus are, perhaps, the most popular of the kind in the State. There are, however, other springs impregnated with some of the salts of iron. Petroleum springs are found in Carroll, Ray, Randolph, Cass, Lafayette, Bates, Vernon, and other counties. The variety called lubricating oil is the more common. The water power of the State is excellent. Large sprint are particularly abundant on the waters of the Meramec, Gasconade, Bourbeuse, Osage, Niangua, Spring, White, Sugar, and other streams Besides these, there are hundreds of springs sufficiently large to drive mills and factories, and the day is not far distant when these crystal fountains will be utilized, and a thousand saws will buzz to their dashing music. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 21 CHAPTER IY. TITLE AND EARLY SETTLEMENTS. Title to Missouri Lands — Right of Discovery — Title of France and Spain — Cession to the United States — Territorial Changes — Treaties with Indians — First Settle- ment — Ste. Genevieve and New Bourbon — St. Louis — When Incorporated — Potosi — St. Charles — Portage des Sioux — New Madrid — St. Francois County — Perry — Mississippi — Loutre Island — "Boone's Lick" — Cote Sans Dessein — Howard County — Some First Things — Counties — When Organized. The title to the soil of Missouri was, of course, primarily vested in the original occupants who inhabited the country prior to its discovery by the whites. But the Indians, being savages, possessed but few rights that civilized nations considered themselves bound to respect ; so, therefore, when they found this country in* the possession of such a people they claimed it in the name of the King of France, by the right of discovery. It remained under the jurisdiction of France until 1763. Prior to the year 1763, the entire continent of North America was divided between France, England, Spain and Eussia. France held all that portion that now constitutes our national domain west of the Mississippi Eiver, except Texas, and the territory which we have obtained from Mexico and Eussia. The vast region, while under the jurisdiction of France, was known as the " Province of Louisiana," and embraced the present State of Missouri. At the close of the "Old French War," in 1763, France gave up her share of the con- tinent, and Spain came into the possession of the territory west of the Mississippi Eiver, while Great Britain retained Canada and the regions northward, having obtained that territory by conquest, in the war with France. For thirty-seven years the territory now embraced within the limits of Missouri, remained as a part of the possession of Spain, and then went back to France by the treaty of St. Ildefonso, October 1, 1800. On the 30th of April, 1803, France ceded it to the United States, in consideration of receiving $11,250,000, and the liquidation of certain claims, held by citizens of the United States against France, which amounted to the further sum of $3,750,000, making a total of $15,000,000. It will thus be seen that France has twice, and Spain once, held sovereignty over the territory embracing 22 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Missouri, but the financial needs of Napoleon afforded our Govern- ment an opportunity to add another empire to its domain. On the 31st of October, 1803, an act of Congress was approved, authorizing the President to take possession of the newly acquired territory, and provided for it a temporary government, and another act, approved March 26, 1804, authorized the division of the " Louis- iana Purchase," as it was then called, into two separate territories. All that portion south of the 33d parallel of north latitude was called the " Territory of Orleans," and that north of the said parallel was known as the " District of Louisiana," and was placed under the jurisdiction of what was then known as " Indian Territory." By virtue of an act of Congress, approved March 3, 1805, the "District of Louisiana" was organized as the "Territory of Louis- iana," with a territorial government of its own, which went into operation July 4th of the same year, and it so remained till 1812. In this year the " Territory of Orleans " became the State of Louisiana, and the " Territory of Louisiana" was organized as the " Territory of Missouri." This change took place under an act of Congress, approved June 4, 1812. In 1819, a portion of this territory was organized as "Arkan- sas Territory," and on August 10, 1821, the State of Missouri was admitted, being a part of the former " Territory of Missouri." In 1836, the " Platte Purchase," then being a part of the Indian Territory, and now composing the counties of Atchison, Andrew, Buchanan, Holt, Nodaway and Platte, was made by treaty with the Indians, and added to the State. It will be seen, then, that the soil of Missouri belonged : — 1. To France, with other territory. 2. In 1763, with other territory, it was ceded to Spain. 3. October 1, 1800, it was ceded, with other territory from Spain, back to France. 4. April 30, 1803, it was ceded, with other territory, by France to the United States. 5. October 31, 1803, a temporary government was authorized by Congress for the newly acquired territory. 6. October 1, 1804, it was included in the " District of Louisiana" and placed under the territorial government of Indiana. 7. July 4, 1805, it was included as a part of the " Territory of Louisiana," then organized with a separate territorial government. « HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 23 8. June 4, 1812, it was embraced in what was then made the " Ter- ritory of Missouri." 9. August 10, 1821, it was admitted into the Union as a State. 10. In 1836, the "Platte Purchase" was made, adding more ter- ritory to the State. The cession by France, April 30, 1803, vested the title in the United States, subject to the claims of the Indians, which it was very justly the policy of the Government to recognize. Before the Government of the United States could vest clear title to the soil in the grantee it was necessary to extinguish the Indian title by purchase. This was done accordingly by treaties made with the Indians at different times. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. The name of the first white man who set foot on the territory now embraced in the State of Missouri, is not known, nor is it known at what precise period the first settlements were made. It is, however, generally agreed that they were made at Ste. Genevieve and New Bourbon, tradition fixing the date of the settlements in the autumn of 1735. These towns were settled by the French from Kaskaskia and St. Philip in Illinois. St. Louis was founded by Pierre Laclede Liguest, on the 15th of February, 1764. He was a native of France, and was one of the members of the company of Laclede Liguest, Antonio Maxant & Co., to whom a royal charter had been granted, confirming the privilege of an exclusive trade with the Indians of Missouri as far north as St. Peter's River. While in search of a trading post he ascended the Mississippi as far as the mouth of the Missouri, and finally returned to the present town site of St. Louis. After the village had been laid off he named it St. Louis in honor of Louis XV., of France. The colony thrived rapidly by accessions from Kaskaskia and other towns on the east side of the Mississippi, and its trade was largely in. creased by many of the Indian tribes, who removed a portion of their peltry trade from the same towns to St. Louis. It was incorporated as a town on the ninth day of November, 1809, "by the Court of Com- mon Pleas of the district of St. Louis ; the town trustees being Auguste Chouteau, Edward Hempstead, Jean F. Cabanne, Wm. C. Carr and William Christy, aud incorporated as a city December 9, 1822. The selection of the town site on whieh St. Louis stands was highly judicious, the spot not only being healthful and having the ad- 24 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. vantages of water transportation unsurpassed, but surrounded by a beautiful region of country, rich in soil and mineral resources. St. Louis has grown to be the fifth city in population in the Union, and is to-day the great center of internal commerce of the Missouri, th© Mississippi and their tributaries, and, with its railroad facilities, it is destined to be the greatest inland city of the American continent. The next settlement was made at Potosi, in Washington County, in 1765, by Francis Breton, who, while chasing a bear, discovered the mine near the present town of Potosi, where he afterward located. One of the most prominent pioneers who settled at Potosi was Moses Austin, of Virginia, who, in 1795, received by grant from the Spanish government a league of land, now known as the "Austin Sur- vey." The grant was made on condition that Mr. Austin would es- tablish a lead mine at Potosi and work it. He built a palatial residence, for that day, on the brow of the hill in the little village, which was for many years known as " Durham Hall." At this point the first shot-tower and sheet-lead manufactory were erected. Five years after the founding of St. Louis the first settlement made in Northern Missouri was made near St. Charles, in St. Charles County, in 1769. The name given to it, and which it retained till 1784, was Les Petites Cotes, signifying, Little Hills. The town site was located by Blanchette, a Frenchman, surnamed LeChasseur, who built the first fort in the town and established there a military post. Soon after the establishment of the military post at St. Charles, the old French village of Portage des Sioux, was located on the Missis- sippi, just below the mouth ot the Illinois River, and at about the same time a Kickapoo village was commenced at Clear Weather Lake. The present town site of New Madrid, in New Madrid county, was settled in 1781, by French Canadians, it then being occupied by Del- aware Indians. The place now known as Big River Mills, St. Fran- cois county, was settled in 1796, Andrew Baker, John Alley, Francis Starnater and John Andrews, each locating claims. The following year, a settlement was made in the same county, just below the pres° ent town of Farmington, by the Rev. William Murphy, a Baptist min- ister from East Tennessee. In 1796, settlements were made in Perry county by emigrants from Kentucky and Pennsylvania ; the latter lo- cating in the rich bottom lands of Bois Brule,"the former generally : settling in the " Barrens," and along the waters of Saline Creek. Bird's Point, in Mississippi county, opposite Cairo, Illinois; was settled August 6, 1800, by John Johnson, by virtue of a land- St. Louis, January 8, 1862. ) (General Order No. 10.) It is hereby ordered that from and after this date the publishers of newspapers in the State of Missouri (St. Louis City papers excepted), furnish to this office, immediately upon publication, one copy of each issue, for inspection. A failure to comply with this order will render the newspaper liable to suppression. 50 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Local Provost Marshals will furnish the proprietors with copies of this order, and attend to its immediate enforcement. Bernard G. Farrar, Provost Marshal General. January 26, 1862. General Halleck issued order (No. 18) which forbade, among other things, the display of Secession flags in the hands of women or on carriages, in the vicinity of the military prison in McDowell's College, the carriages to be confiscated and the offend- ing women to be arrested. February 4, 1862. General Halleck issued another order similar to Order No. 18, to railroad companies and to the professors and direct- ors of the State University at Columbia, forbidding the funds of the institution to be used " to teach treason or to instruct traitors." February 20, 1862. Special Order No. 120 convened a military commission, which sat in Columbia, March following, and tried Ed- mund J. Ellis, of Columbia, editor and proprietor of " The Boone County Standard," for the publication of information for the benefit of the enemy, and encouraging resistance to the United States Gov- ernment. Ellis was found guilty, was banished during the war from Missouri, and his printing materials confiscated and sold. April, 1862. General Halleck left for Corinth, Mississippi, leaving General Schofield in command. June, 1862. Battle at Cherry Grove between the forces under Colonel Joseph C. Porter and Colonel H. S. Lipscomb. June, 1862. Battle at Pierce's Mill between the forces under Major John Y. Clopper and Colonel Porter. July 22, 1862. Battle at Florida. July 28, 1862. Battle at Moore's Mill. August 6, 1862. Battle near Kirksville. August 11, 1862. Battle at Independence. August 16, 1862. Battle at Lone Jack. September 13, 1862. Battle at Newtouia. September 25, 1862. Ten Confederate prisoners were executed at Macon, by order of General Merrill. October 18, 1862. Ten Confederate prisoners executed at Palmyra, by order of General McNeill. January 8, 1863. Battle at Springfield between the forces of Gen- eral Marmaduke and General E. B. Brown. April 26, 1863. Battle at Cape Girardeau. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 51 August — , 1863. General Jeff. Thompson captured at Pocahontas, Arkansas, with his staff. August 25, 1863. General Thomas Ewing issued his celebrated Order No. 11, at Kansas City, Missouri, which is as follows : — Headquarters District of the Border, ) Kansas City, Mo., August 25, 1863. 5 (General Order No. 11.) First. — All persons living in Cass, Jackson and Bates Counties, Missouri, and in that part of Vernon included in this district, except those living within one mile of the limits of Independence, Hickman's Mills, Pleasant Hill and Harrisonville, and except those in that part of Kaw Township, Jackson County, north of Brush Creek and west of the Big Blue, embracing Kansas City and Westport, are hereby ordered to remove from their present places of residence within fifteen days from the date hereof. Those who, within that time, establish their loyalty to the satisfac- tion of the commanding officer of the military station nearest their present place of residence, will receive from him certificates stating the fact of their loyalty, and the names of the witnesses by whom it can be shown. All who receive such certificate will be permitted to remove to any military station in this district, or to any part of the State of Kansas, except the counties on the eastern borders of the State. All others shall remove out of this district. Officers com- manding companies and detachments serving in the counties named, will see that this paragraph is promptly obeyed. Second. — All grain and hay in the field, or under shelter, in the district from which the inhabitants are required to remove within reach of military stations, after the 9th day of September next, will be taken to such stations and turned over to the proper officer there, and report of the amount so turned over made to district headquarters, specifying the names of all loyal owners and the amount of such produce taken from them. All grain and hay found in such district after the 9th day of September next, not convenient to such stations, will be destroyed. Third. — The provisions of General Order No. 10, from these headquarters, will at once be vigorously executed by officers com- manding in the parts of the district, and at the stations not subject to the operations of paragraph First of this Order — and especially in the towns of Independence. Westport and Kansas City. 52 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Fourth. — Paragraph 3, General Order No. 10, is revoked as to all who have borne arms against the Government in the district since August 20, 1863. By order of Brigadier-General Ewing : H. Hannahs, Adjutant. October 13. Battle of Marshall. January, 1864. General Eosecrans takes command of the Depart- ment. September, 1864. Battle at Pilot Knob, Harrison and Little Mo- reau River. October 5, 1864. farm. October 8, 1864. October 20, 1864. September 27, 1864. derson. October 27, 1864. Captain Bill Anderson killed. December — , 1864. General Eosecrans relieved Dodge appointed to succeed him. Nothing occurred specially, of a military character, in the State after December, 1864. We have, in the main, given the facts as they occurred without comment or entering into details. Many of the minor incidents and skirmishes of the war have been omitted because of our limited space. It is utterly impossible, at this date, to give the names and dates of all the battles fought in Missouri during the Civil War. It will be found, however, that the list given below, which has been arranged for convenience, contains the prominent battles and skirmishes which took place within the State : — Battle at Prince's Ford and James Gordon's Battle at Glasgow. Battle at Little Blue Creek. Massacre at Centralia, by Captain Bill An- and General Potosi, May 14, 1661. Boonville, June 17, 1861. Carthage, July 5, 1861. Monroe Station, July 10, 1861. Overton's Run, July 17, 1861. Dug Spring, August 2, 1861. Wilson's Creek, August 10, 1861. Athens, August 5, 1861. Moreton, August 20, 1861. Bennett's Mills, September — , 1861. Drywood Creek, September 7, 1861. Norfolk, September 10, 1861. Lexington, September 12-20, 1861. Blue Mills Landing, September 17, 1861. Glasgow Mistake, September 20, 1861. Osceola, September 25, 1861. Shanghai, October 13, 1861. Lebanon, October 13, 1861. Linn Creek, October 16, 1861. Big River Bridge, October 15, 1861. Fredericktown, October 21, 1861. Springfield, October 25, 1861. Belmont, November 7, 1861. Piketon, November 8, 1861. Little Blue, November 10, 1861. Clark's Station, November 11, 1861. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 53 Mt. Zion Church, December 28, 1861. Silver Creek, January 15, 1862. New Madrid, February 28, 1862. Pea Eidge, March 6, 1862. Neosho, April 22, 1862. Rose Hill, July 10, 1862. Chariton River, July 30, 1862. Cherry Grove, June — , 1862. Pierce's Mill, June — , 1862. Florida, July 22, 1862. Moore's Mill, July 28, 1862. Kirksville, August 6, 1862. Compton's Ferry, August 8, 1862. Yellow Creek, August 13, 1862. Independence, August 11, 1862. Lone Jack, August 16, 1862. Newtonia, September 13, 1862. Springfield, January 8, 1863. Cape Girardeau, April 29, 1863. Marshall, October 13, 1863. Pilot Knob, September — , 1864. Harrison, September — , 1864. Moreau River, October 7, 1864. Prince's Ford, October 5, 1864. Glasgow, October 8, 1864. Little Blue Creek, October 20, 1864. Albany, October 27, 1864. Near Rocheport, September 23, 1864. Centralia, September 27, 1864. CHAPTEK IX. EARLY MILITARY RECORD. Black Hawk War — Mormon Difficulties — Florida War — Mexican War. On the fourteenth day of May, 1832, a bloody engagement took place between the regular forces of the United States, and a part of the Sacs, Foxes, and Winnebago Indians, commanded by Black Hawk and Keokuk, near Dixon's Ferry in Illinois. The Governor (John Miller) of Missouri, fearing these savages would invade the soil of his State, ordered Major-General Richard Gentry to raise one thousand volunteers for the defence of the fron- tier. Five companies were at once raised in Boone county, and in Callaway, Montgomery, St. Charles, Lincoln, Pike, Marion, Ralls, Clay and Monroe other companies were raised. Two of these companies, commanded respectively by Captain John Jamison of Callaway, and Captain David M. Hickman of Boone county, were mustered into service in Jnly for thirty days, and put under command of Major Thomas W. Conyers. This detachment, accompanied by General Gentry, arrived at Fort Pike on the 15th of July, 1832. Finding that the Indians had not crossed the Mississippi into Missouri, General Gentry returned to Columbia, leaving the fort in charge of Major Conyers. Thirty days having expired, the command under Major Conyers was relieved by two 54 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. other companies under Captains Sinclair Kirtley, of Boone, and Patrick Ewing, of Callaway. This detachment was marched to Fort Pike by Col. Austin A. King, who conducted the two companies under Major Conyers home. Major Conyers was left in charge of the fort, where he remained till September following, at which time the Indian troub- les, so far as Missouri was concerned, having all subsided, the frontier forces were mustered out of service. Black Hawk continued the war in Iowa and Illinois, and was finally defeated and captured in 1833. MORMON DIFFICULTIES. In 1832, Joseph Smith, the leader of the Mormons, and the chosen prophet and apostle, as he claimed, of the Most High, came with many followers to Jackson county, Missouri, where they located and entered several thousand acres of land. The object of his coming so far West — upon the very outskirts of. civilization at that time — was to more securely establish his church, and the more effectively to instruct his followers in its peculiar tenets and practices. Upon the present town site of Independence the Mormons located their "Zion," and gave it the name of "The New Jerusalem." They published here the Evening Star, and made themselves gener- ally obnoxious to the Gentiles, who were then in a minority, by their denunciatory articles through their paper, their clanuishness and their polygamous practices. Dreading the demoralizing influence of a paper which seemed to be inspired only with hatred and malice toward them, the Gentiles threw the press and type into the Missouri Kiver, tarred and feathered one of their bishops, and otherwise gave the Mormons and their lead- ers to understand that they must conduct themselves in an entirely different manner if they wished to be let alone. After the destruction of their paper and press, they became fu- riously incensed, and sought many opportunities for retaliation. Mat- ters continued in an uncertain condition until the 31st of October, 1833, when a deadly conflict occurred near Westport, in which two Gentiles and one Mormon were killed. On the 2d of October following the Mormons were overpowered, and compelled to lay down their arms and agree to leave the county with their families by January 1st on the condition that the owner would be paid for his printing press. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 55 Leaving Jackson county, they crossed the Missouri and located in Clay, Carroll, Caldwell and other counties, and selected in Caldwell county a town site, which they called " Far West," and where they entered more land for their future homes. Through the influence of their missionaries, who were exerting themselves in the East and in different portions of Europe, converts had constantly flocked to their standard, and " Far West," and other Mormon settlements, rapidly prospered. In 1837 they commenced the erection of a magnificent temple, but never finished it. As their settlements increased in numbers, they became bolder in their practices and deeds of lawlessness. During the summer of 1838 two of their leaders settled in the town of De Witt, on the Missouri River, having purchased the land from an Illinois merchant. De Witt was in Carroll county, and a good point from which to forward goods and immigrants to their town — Far West. Upon its being ascertained that these parties were Mormon leaders, the Gentiles called a public meeting, which was addressed by some of the prominent citizens of the county. Nothing, however, was done at this meeting, but at a subsequent meeting, which was held a few days afterward, a committee of citizens was appointed to notify Col. Hin- kle (one of the Mormon leaders at De Witt), what they intended to do. Col. Hinkle upon being notified by this committee became indig- nant, and threatened extermination to all who should attempt to molest him or the Saints. In anticipation of trouble, and believing that the Gentiles would attempt to force them from De Witt, Mormon recruits flocked to the town from every direction, and pitched their tents in and around the town in great numbers. The Gentiles, nothing daunted, planned an attack upon this en- campment, to take place on the 21st day of September, 1838, and, accordingly, one hundred and fifty men bivouacked near the town ou that day. A conflict ensued, but nothing serious occurred.' The Mormons evacuated their works and fled to some log houses, where they could the more successfully resist the Gentiles, who had in the meantime returned to their camp to await reinforcements. Troops from Saline, Ray and other counties came to their assist- ance, and increased their number to five hundred men. Congreve Jackson was chosen Brigadier- General ; Ebenezer Price, 56 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Colonel ; Singleton Vaughan, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Sarshel Woods, Major. After some days of discipline, this brigade prepared for an assault, but before the attack was commenced Judge James Earickson and William F. Dunnica, influential citizens of Howard county, asked permission of General Jackson to let them try and adjust the difficul- ties without any bloodshed. It was finally agreed that Judge Earickson should propose to the Mormons, that if they would pay for all the cattle they had killed be- longing to the citizens, and load their wagons during the night and be ready to move by ten o'clock next morning, and make no further attempt to settle in Carroll county, the citizens would purchase at first cost their lots in De Witt and one or two adjoining tracts of land. Col. Hinkle, the leader of the Mormons, at first refused all atteixpts to settle the difficulties in this way, but finally agreed to the proposi- tion. In accordance therewith, the Mormons without further delay, loaded up their wagons for the town of Far West, in Caldwell county. Whether the terms of the agreement were ever carried out, on the part of the citizens, is not known. The Mormons had doubtless suffered much and in many ways — the result of their own acts — but their trials and sufferings were not at an end. In 1838 the discord between the citizens and Mormons became so great that Governor Boggs issued a proclamation ordering Major- General David R. Atchison to call the militia of his division to enforce the laws. He called out a part of the first brigade of the Missouri State Militia, under command of Gen. A. W. Doniphan, who pro- ceeded to the seat of war. Gen. John B. Clark, of Howard county, was placed in command of the militia. The Mormon forces numbered about 1,000 men, and were led by G. W. Hiulde. The first engagement occurred at Crooked river, where one Mormon was killed. The principal fight took place at Haughn's Mills, where eighteen Mormons were killed and the balance captured, some of them being killed after they had surrendered; Only one militiaman was wounded. In the month of October, 1838, Joe Smith surrendered the town of Far West to Gen. Doniphan, agreeing to his conditions, viz. : That they should deliver up their arms, surrender their prominent leaders for trial, and the remainder of the Mormons should, with their HISTORY OF MISlSOURI. 57 families, leave the State. Indictments were found against a number of these leaders, including Joe Smith, who, while being taken to Boone county for trial, made his escape, and was afterward, in 1844, killed at Carthage, Illinois, with his brother Hiram. FLORIDA WAR. In September, 1837, the Secretary of War issued a requisition on Governor Boggs, of Missouri, for six hundred volunteers for service in Florida against the Seminole Indians, with whom the Creek nation had made common cause under Osceola. The first regiment was chiefly raised in Boone county by Colonel Eichard Gentry, of which he was elected Colonel ; John W. Price, of Howard county, Lieutenant-Colonel ; Harrison H. Hughes, also of Howard, Major. Four companies of the second regiment were raised and attached to the first. Two of these companies Were composed of Delaware and Osage Indians. October 6, 1837, Col. Gentry's regiment left Columbia for the seat of war, stopping on the way at Jefferson barracks, where they, were mustered into service. Arriving at Jackson barracks, New Orleans, they were from thence transported in brigs across the Gulf to Tampa Bay, Florida. Gen- eral Za chary Taylor, who then commanded in Florida, ordered Col. Gentry to inarch to Okee-cho-bee Lake, one hundred and thirty-five miles inland by the route traveled. Having reached the Kissemmee river, seventy miles distant, a bloody battle ensued, in which Col. Gentry was killed. The Missourians, though losing their gallant leader, continued the fight until the Indians were totally routed, leav- ing many of their dead and wounded on the field. Thei'e being no further service required of the Missourians, they returned to their homes in 1838. MEXICAN WAR. Soon after Mexico declared war, against the United States, on the 8th and 9th of May, 1846, the battles of Palo Alto aud Resaca de la Palm a were fought. Great excitement prevailed throughout the country. In none of her sister States, however, did the fires of patriotism burn more intensely than in Missouri. Not waiting for the call for volunteers, the " St. Louis Legiou " hastened to the field of conflict. The " Legion " was commanded by Colonel A. R. Easton. During the month of May, 1846, Governor Edwards, of Missouri, 58 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. called for volunteers to join the "Army of the West," an expedition to Sante Fe — under command of General Stephen W. Kearney Fort Leavenworth was the appointed rendezvous for the volunteers. By the 18th of June, the full complement of companies to compose the first regiment had arrived from Jackson, Lafayette, Clay, Sa- line, Franklin, Cole, Howard and Callaway counties. Of this regi- ment, A. W. Doniphan was made Colonel ; C. F. Ruff, Lieutenant- Colonel, and Wm. Gilpin, Major. The battalion of light artillery from St. Louis was commanded by Captains R. A. Weightman and A. W. Fischer, with Major M. L. Clark as field officer ; battalions of infantry from Platte and Cole counties commanded by Captains Murphy and W. Z. Augney respectively, and the " Laclede Rangers," from St. Louis, by Captain Thomas B. Hudson, aggregating all told, from Missouri, 1,658 men. In the summer of 1846 Hon. Sterling Price resigned his seat in Congress and raised one mounted regiment, one mounted extra battalion, and one extra battalion of Mormon in- fantry to reinforce the "Army of the West." Mr. Price was made Colonel, and D. D. Mitchell Lieutenant-Colonel. In August, 1847, Governor Edwards made another requisition for one thousand men, to consist of infantry. The regiment was raised at once. John Dougherty, of Clay county, was chosen Colonel, but before the regiment marched the President countermanded the order. A company of mounted volunteers was raised in Ralls county, com- manded by Captain Wm. T. Lafland. Conspicuous among the en- gagements in which the Missouri volunteers participated in Mexico were the battles of Bracito, Sacramento, Canada, El Embudo, Taos and Santa Cruz de Rosales. The forces from Missouri were mustered out in 1848, and will ever be remembered in the history of the Mexi- can war, for "A thousand glorious actions that might claim Triumphant laurels and immortal fame. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 59 CHAPTEE X. AGRICULTURE AND MATERIAL WEALTH. Missouri as an Agricultural State — The Different Crops — Live Stock — Horses — Mules — Milch Cows — Oxen and other Cattle — Sheep — Hogs — Comparisons — Missouri adapted to Live Stock — Cotton — Broom-Corn and other Products — Fruits — Berries — Grapes — Railroads — First Neigh of the " Iron Horse " in Mis- souri — Names of Railroads — Manufactures — Great Bridge at St. Louis. Agriculture is the greatest among all the arts of man, as it is the first in supplying his necessities. It favors and strengthens popula- tion ; it creates and maintains manufactures ; gives employment to navigation and furnishes materials to commerce. It animates every species of industry, and opens to nations the safest channels of wealth. It is the strongest bond of well regulated society, the surest basis of internal peace, and the natural associate of correct morals. Among all the occupations and professions of life, there is none more honorable, none more independent, and none more conducive to health and happiness. " In ancient times the sacred plow employ'd The kings, and awful fathers of mankind ; And some, with whom compared your insect tribes Are but the beings of a summer's day. Have held the scale of empire, ruled the storm Of mighty war with unwearied hand, Disdaining little delicacies, seized The plow and greatly independent lived." As an agricultural region, Missouri is not surpassed by any State in the Union. It is indeed the farmer's kingdom, where he always reaps an abundant harvest. The soil, in many portions of the State, has an open, flexible' structure, quickly absorbs the most excessive rains, and retains moisture with great tenacity. This being the case, it is not so easily affected by drouth. The prairies are covered with sweet, luxuriant grass, equally good for grazing and hay ; grass not sur- passed by the Kentucky blue grass — the best of clover and timothy in growing and fattening cattle. This grass is now as full of life-giv- ing nutriment as it was when cropped by the buffalo, the elk, the an- telope, and the deer, and costs the herdsman nothing. 60 HISTORY OP MISSOURI. No State or territory has a more complete and rapid system of nat- ural drainage, or a more abundant supply of pure, fresh water than Missouri. Both man and beast may slake their thirst from a thousand pereunial fountains, which gush in limpid streams from the hill-sides, and wend their way through verdant valleys and along smiling prai- ries, varying in size, as they onward flow, from the diminutive brooklet to the giant river. Here, nature has generously bestowed her attractions of climate, soil and scenery to please and gratify man while earning his bread in the sweat of his brow. Being thus munificently endowed, Missouri offers superior inducements to the farmer, and bids him enter her broad domain and avail himself of her varied resources. We present here a table showing the product of each principal crop in Missouri for 1878 : — Indian Corn 93,062,000 bushels. Wheat 20,196,000 " Rye 732,000 " Oats 19,584,000 " Buckwheat 4g 4qq « Potatoes 5,415,000 " Tobacco 23,023,000 pounds. Ha y •. 1,620,000 tons. There were 3,552,000 acres in corn; wheat, 1,836,000; rye, 48,800 ; oats, 640,000 ; buckwheat, 2,900 ; potatoes, 72,200 ; to- bacco, 29,900; hay, 850,000. Value of each crop: corn, $24,196,- 224; wheat, $13,531,320; rye, $300,120; oats, $3,325,120; buck- wheat, $24,128; potatoes, $2,057,700; tobacco, $1,151,150; hay, $10,416,600. Average cash value of crops per acre, $7.69 ; average yield of corn per acre, 26 bushels ; wheat, 11 bushels. Next in importance to the corn crop in value is live stock. The fol- lowing table shows the number of horses, mules, and milch cows in the different States for 1879 : — HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 61 States. Maine , New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida ... Alabama Mississippi Louisiana. Texas Arkansas Tennessee West Virginia Kentucky Ohio Michigan Indiana Illinois Wisconsin , Minnesota Iowa Missouei Kansas Nebraska California Oregon Nevada, Colorado, and Territories Horses. Males. 81,700 57,100 77,400 131,000 16,200 53,500 898,900 11,800 114,500 14,400 614,500 24,900 19,900 4,000 108,600 11,300 208,700 30,600 144,200 74,000 59,600 51,500 119,200 97,200 22,400 11,900 312,800 111,700 97,200 100,000 79,300 80,700 618,000 180,200 180,500 89,300 323,700 99,700 122,200 2,400 386,900 117,800 772,700 26,700 333,800 4,300 688,800 61,200 1,100,000 138,000 384,400 8,700 247,300 7,000 770,700 43,400 627,300 191,900 275,000 50,000 157,200 13,600 273,000 25,700 109,700 3,500 250,000 25,700 Milch Cows. 196,100 98,100 217,800 160,700 22,000 116,500 1,446,200 152,200 828,400 23,200 100,500 236,200 232,300 131,300 273,100 70,000 215,200 188,000 110,900 544,500 187,700 245,700 130,500 257,200 714,100 ' 416,900 439,200 702,400 477,300 278,900 676,200 516,200 321,900 127,600 495,600 112,400 423,600 It will be seen from the above table, that Missouri is the fifth State in the number of horses ; fifth in number of milch cows, and the leading State in number of mules, having 11,700 more than Texas, which produces the next largest number. Of oxen and other cattle, Missouri produced in 1879, 1,632,000, which was more than any other State produced excepting Texas, which had 4,800,00. In 1879 Mis- souri raised 2,817,600 hogs, which was more than any other State produced, excepting Iowa. The number of sheep was 1,296,400. The number of hogs packed in 1879, by the different States, is as follows : — States. No. States. No. Ohio 932,878 622,321 3,214,896 569,763 965,839 472,108 212,412 62 HISTORY OP MISSOURI. AVERAGE WEIGHT PER HEAD FOR BACH STATE. States. Pounds. States. Founds. Ohio 210.47 193.80 225.71 211.98 211.32 220.81 210.11 From the above it will be seen that Missouri annually packs more hogs than any other State excepting Illinois, and that she ranks third in the average weight. We see no reason why Missouri should not be the foremost stock- raising State of the Union. In addition to the enormous yield of corn and oats upon which the stock is largely dependent, the climate is well adapted to their growth and health. Water is not only inex- haustible, but everywhere convenient. The ranges of stock are boundless, affording for nine months of the year, excellent pasturage of nutritious wild grasses, which grow in great luxuriance upon the thousand prairies. Cotton is grown successfully in many counties of the southeastern portions of the State, especially in Stoddard, Scott, Pemiscot, Butler, New Madrid, Lawrence and Mississippi. Sweet potatoes are produced in abundance and are not only sure but profitable. Broom corn, sorghum, castor beans, white beans, peas, hops, thrive well, and ail kinds of garden vegetables, are produced in great abun- dance and are found in the markets during all seasons of the year. Fruits of every variety, including the apple, pear, peach, cherries, apricots and nectarines, are cultivated with great success, as are also, the strawberry, gooseberry, currant, raspberry and blackberry. The grape has not been produced with that success that was at first anticipated, yet the yield of wine for the year 1879, was nearly half a million gallons. Grapes do well in Kansas, and we see no reason why they should not be as surely and profitably grown in a similar climate and soil in Missouri, and particularly in many of the counties north and east of the Missouri Eiver. RAILROADS. ^ Twenty-nine years ago, the neigh of the " iron horse " was heard for the first time, within the broad domain of Missouri. His coming presaged the dawn of a brighter and grander era in the history of the HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 63 State. Her fertile prairies, and more prolific valleys would soon be of easy access to the oncoming tide of immigration, and the ores and minerals of her hills and mountains would be developed, and utilized in her manufacturing and industrial enterprises. Additional facilities would be opened to the marts of trade and commerce ; transportation from the interior of the State would be se- cured : a fresh impetus would be given to the growth of her towns and cities, and new hopes and inspirations would be imparted to all her people. Since 1852, the initial period of railroad building in Missouri, be- tween four and five thousand miles of track have been laid ; addi- tional roads are now being constructed, and many others in contem- plation. The State is already well supplied with railroads which thread her surface in all directions, bringing her remotest districts into close connection with St. Louis, that great center of western railroads and inland commerce. These roads have k capital stock ag- gregating more than one hundred millions of dollars, and a funded debt of about the same amount. The lines of roads which are operated in the State are the follow- ing:— Missouri Pacific — chartered May 10th, 1850; The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railroad, which is a consolidation of the Arkan- sas Branch ; The Cairo, Arkansas & Texas Railroad ; The Cairo & Fulton Railroad; The Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway ; St. Louis & San Francisco Railway ; The Chicago, Alton & St. Louis Railroad ; The Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad : The Missouri, Kan- sas & Texas Railroad ; The Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad ; The Keokuk & Kansas City Railway Company ; Tne St. Louis, Salem & Little Rock Railroad Company ; The Missouri & Western ; The St. Louis, Keokuk & Northwestern Railroad ; The St. Louis, Hannibal & Keokuk Railroad ; The Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska Railway ; The Quincy, Missouri & Pacific Railroad ; The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway ; The Burlington & Southwestern Railroad. MANUFACTURES. The natural resources of Missouri especially fit her for a great man- ufacturing State. She is rich in soil ; rich in all the elements which supply the furnace, the machine shop and the planing mill ; rich in the multitude and variety of her gigantic forests ; rich in her marble, stone and granite quarries ; rich in her mines of iron, coal, lead and 64 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. zinc ; rich in strong arms and willing hands to apply the force ; rich in water power and river navigation ; and rich in her numerous and well-built railroads, whose numberless engines thunder along their multiplied track-ways. Missouri contains over fourteen thousand manufacturing establish- ments, 1,965 of which are using steam and give employment to 80,000 hands. The capital employed is about $100,000,000, the material annually used and worked up, amounts to"over $150,000,- 000, and the value of the products put upon the markets $250,000,000, while the wages paid are more than $40,000,000. The leading manufacturing counties of the State, are St. Louis, Jackson, Buchanan, St. Charles, Marion, Franklin, Greene, Lafay- ette, Platte, Cape Girardeau, and Boone. Three-fourths, however, of the manufacturing is done in St. Louis, which is now about the second manufacturing city in the Union. Flouring mills produce annually about $38,194,000 ; carpentering $18,763,000 ; meat-packing $16,- 769,000 ; tobacco $12,496,000 ; iron and castings $12,000,000 ; liquors $11,245,000; clothing $10,022,000; lumber $8,652,000; bagging and bags $6,914,000, and many other smaller industries in propor- tion. GREAT BRIDGE AT ST. LOUIS. Of the many public improvements which do honor to the State and reflect great credit upon the genius of their projectors, we have space only, to mention the great bridge at St. Louis. This truly wonderful construction is built of tubular steel, total length of which, with its approaches, is 6,277 feet, at a cost of nearly $8,000,000. The bridge spans the Mississippi from the Illinois to the Missouri shore, and has separate railroad tracks, roadways, and foot paths. In durability, architectural beauty and practical utilitv, there is, perhaps, n6 similar piece of workmanship that approximates it. The structure of Darius upon the Bosphorus ; of Xerxes upon the Hellespont ; of Csesar upon the Rhine ; and Trajan upon the Danube, famous in ancient history, were built for military purposes, that over them might pass invading armies with their munitions of war, to de- 'i stroy commerce, to lay in waste the provinces, and to slaughter the 5 people. But the erection of this was for a higher and nobler purpose. Over it are coming the trade and merchandise of the opulent East, and thence are passing the untold riches of the West. Over it are crowd- HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 65 ing legions of men, armed not with the weapons of war, but with the implements of peace and industry ; men who are skilled in all the arts of agriculture, of manufacture and of mining; men who will hasten the day when St. Louis shall rank in population and importance, sec- ond to no city on the continent, and'when Missouri shall proudly fill the measure of greatness, to which she is naturally so justly entitled. CHAPTEE XI. EDUCATION. Tublic School System — Public School System of Missouri — Lincoln Institute — Offi- cers of Public School System — Certificates of Teachers — University of Missouri — Schools — Colleges — Institutions of Learning — Location — Libraries — Newspa- pers and Periodicals — No. of School Children — Amount expended — Value of Grounds and Buildings — " The Press." The first constitution of Missouri provided that "one school or more shall be established in each township, as soon as practicable and neces- sary, where the poor shall be taught gratis." It will be seen that even at that early day (1820) the framers of the constitution made provision for at least a primary education for the poorest and the humblest, taking it for granted that those who were able would avail themselves of educational advantages which were not gratuitous. The establishment of the public-school system, in its essential fea- tures, was not perfected until 1839, during the administration of Gov- ernor Boggs, and since that period the system has slowly grown into favor, not only in Missouri, but throughout the United States. The idea of a free or public school for all classes was not at first a popular one, especially among those who had the means to patronize private institutions of learning. In upholding and maintaining public schools the opponents of the system felt that they were not only compromis- ing their own standing among their more wealthy neighbors, but that they were, to some extent, bringing opprobrium upon their children. Entertaining such prejudices, they naturally thought that the training received at public schools could not be otherwise than defective ; hence many years of probation passed before the popular mind was prepared 66 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. to appreciate the benefits and blessings which spring from these insti- tutions. Every year only adds to their popularity, and commends them the more earnestly to the fostering care of our State and National Legis- latures, and to the esteem and favor of all classes of our people. We can hardly conceive of two grander or more potent promoters of civilization than the free school and free press. They would indeed seem to constitute all that was necessary to the attainment of the hap- piness and intellectual growth of the Eepublic, aud all that was neces- sary to broaden, to liberalize and instruct. " Tis education forms the common mind; ****** For noble youth there is nothing so meet As learning is, to know the good from ill ; To know the tongues, and perfectly indite, And of the laws to have a perfect skill, Things to reform as right and justice will; For honor is ordained for no cause But to see right maintained by the laws." All- the States of the Union have in practical operation the public- school system, governed in the main by similar laws, and not differing materially in the manuer and methods by which they are taught : but none have a wiser, a more liberal and comprehensive machinery of instruction than Missouri. Her school laws, since 1839, have under- gone many changes, and always for the better, keeping pace with the most enlightened and advanced theories of the most experienced edu- cators in the land. But not until 1875, when the new constitution was adopted, did her present admirable system of public instruction <*o into effect. Provisions were made not only for white, but for children of African descent, and are a part of the organic law, not subject to the caprices of unfriendly legislatures, or the whims of political parties. The Lin- coln Institute, located at Jefferson City, for the education of col- ored teachers, receives an annual appropriation from the General Assembly. For the support of the public schools, in addition to the annual income derived from the public school fund, which is set apart by law, not less than twenty-five per cent, of the State revenue, exclusive of the interest and sinking fund, is annually applied to this purpose. The officers having in charge the public school interests are the State " Board of Education," the State Superintendent, County Commission- 68 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. ers, County Clerk and Treasurer, Board of Directors, City and' Town School Board, and Teacher. The State Board of Education is composed of the State Superintendent, the Governor, Secretary of State, and the Attorney-General, the executive officer of this Board being the State Su- perintendent, who is chosen by the people every four years. His duties are numerous. He renders decisions concerning the local application of school law ; keeps a record of the school funds and annually distributes the same to the counties ; supervises the work of county school officers ; delivers lectures ; visits schools ; distributes educational information ; grants certificates of higher qualifications, and makes an annual report to the General Assembly of the condition of the schools. The County Commissioners are also elected by the people for two years. Their work is to examine teachers, to distribute blanks, and make reports. County clerks receive estimates from the local direct- ors and extend them upon the tax-books. In addition to this, they keep the general records of the county and township school funds, and return an annual report of the financial condition of the schools of their county to the State Superintendent. School taxes are gathered with other taxes by the county collector. The custodian of the school funds belonging to the schools of the counties is the county treasurer, except in counties adopting the township organization, in which case the township trustee discharges these duties. Districts organized under the special law for cities and towns are governed by a board of six directors, two of whom are selected annu- ally, on the second Saturday in September, and hold their office for three years. One director is elected to serve for three years in each school dis- trict, at the annual meeting. These directors may levy a tax not exceeding forty cents on the one hundred dollars' valuation, pro- vided such annual rates for school purposes may be increased in dis- tricts formed of cities and towns, to an amount not exceeding one dollar on the hundred dollars' valuation, and in other districts to an amount not to exceed sixty-five cents on the one hundred dollars' val- uation, on the condition that a majority of the voters who are tax-pay- ers, voting at an election held to decide the question, vote for said increase. For the purpose of erecting public buildings in school dis- tricts, the rates of taxation thus limited may be increased when the rate of such increase and the purpose for which it is intended shall have been submitted to a vote of the people, and two-thirds of the HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 69 qualified voters of such school district voting at such election shall vote therefor. Local directors may direct the management of the school in respect to the choice of teachers and other details, but in the discharge of all important business, such as the erection of a school house or the extension of a term of school beyond the constitutional period, they simply execute the will of the people. The clerk of this board may be a director. He keeps a record of the names of all the children and youth in the district between the ages of five and twenty-one ; records all business proceedings of the district, and reports to the annual meeting, to the County Clerk and County Commissioners. Teachers must hold a certificate from the State Superintendent or County Commissioner of the county where they teach. State certifi- cates are granted upon personal written examination in the common branches, together with the natural sciences and higher mathematics. The holder of such certificate may teach in any public school of the State without further examination. Certificates granted by County Commissioners are of two classes, with two grades in each class. Those issued for a longer term than one year, belong to the first class and are susceptible of two grades, differing both as to length of time and attain- ments. Those issued for one year may represent two grades, marked by qualification alone. The township school fund arises from a grant of land by the General Government, consisting of section sixteen in each congressional township. The annual income of the township fund is ap- propriated to the various townships, according to their respective proprietary claims. The support from the permanent funds is supple- mented by direct taxation laid upon the taxable property of each dis- trict. The greatest limit of taxation for the current expenses is one per cent ; the tax permitted for school house building cannot exceed the same amount. Among the institutions of learning and ranking, perhaps, the first in importance, is the State University located at Columbia, JJoone County. When the State was admitted into the Union, Congress granted to it one entire township of land (46,080 acres) for the sup- port of "A Seminary of Learning." The lands secured for this pur- pose are among the best and most valuable in the State. These lands were put into the market in 1832 and brought $75,000, which amount was invested in the stock of the old bank of the State of Mis- souri, where it remained and increased by accumulation to the sum of $100,000. In 1839, by an act of the General Assembly, five commis- 70 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. sioners were appointed to select a site for the State University, the site to contain at least fifty acres of land in a compact form, within two miles of the county seat of Cole, Cooper, Howard, Boone, Calla- way or Saline. Bids were let among the counties named, and the county of Boone having subscribed the sum of $117,921, some $18,000 more than any other county, the State University was located in that county, and on the 4th of July, 1840, the corner-stone was laid with imposing ceremonies. The present annual income of the University is nearly $65,000. The donations to the institutions connected therewith amount to nearly $400,000. This University with its different departments, is open to both male and female, and both sexes enjoy alike its rights and privileges. Among the professional schools, which form a part of the University, are the Normal, or College of Instruction in Teaching ; Agricultural and Mechanical College ; the School of Mines and Metallurgy ; the College of Law ; the Medical College ; and the Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry. Other departments are contemplated and will be added as necessity requires. The following will show the names and locations of the schools and institutions of the State, as reported by the Commissioner of Education in 1875: — UNIVERSITIES AUD COLLEGES. Christian University ....Canton. St. Vincent's College Cape Girardeau University of Missouri Columbia! Central College Fayette. "Westminster College .....Fulton. Lewis College ZZZZZ.Glasgow. Pritchett School Institute Glasgow. Lincoln College .*.l'ZZZZZZ"Greenwoo& Hannibal College Hannibal. Woodland College Independence. Thayer College Kidder . La Grange College La Grange. William Jewell College Liberty. Baptist College .Z.".\!"ZZZZZZ'.Loukiana! St. Joseph College st j osep h. College of Christian Brothers gk Louis. St. Louis University St. Louis. Washington University g t Louis. Drury College Springfield. Central Wesleyan College Warrenton. FOR SUPERIOR INSTRUCTION OF WOMKN. St. Joseph Female Seminary St j osep b. Christian College Columbia. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 71 Stephens' College Columbia. Howard College .Fayette. Independence Female College Independence. Central Female College Lexington. Clay Seminaiy. Liberty. Ingleside Female College Palmyra. Lindenwood College for Young Ladies St. Charles. Mary Institute (Washington University) St. Louis. St. Louis Seminary St. Louis. Ursuline Academy St. Louis. TOR SECONDARY INSTBTTCTION. Arcadia College Arcadia. St Vincent's Academy Gape Girardeau. Chillicothe Academy Chillicothe. Grand Eiver College Edinburgh. Marionville Collegiate Institute '. Marionville. Palmyra Seminary Palmyra. St. Paul's College Palmyra. Van Rensselaer Academy Rensselaer. Shelby High School Shelbyville. StewartsviUe Male and Female Seminary Stewartsville. SCHOOLS OF SCIENCE. Missouri Agricultural and Mechanical College (University of Missouri) Columbia. Schools of Mines and Metallurgy (University of Missouri) Rolla. Polytechnic Institute (Washington University) St. Louis. SCHOOLS OF THEOLOGY. St. Vincent's College (Theological Department) Cape Girardeau. Westminster College (Theological School) Fulton. Vardeman School of Theology (William Jewell College) Liberty. Concordia College St. Louis. SCHOOLS OP LAW. Law School of the University of Missouri Columbia. Law School of the Washington University. St. Louis. 'SCHOOLS OP MEDICINE. Medical College, University of Missouri Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons St. Joseph. Kansas City College of Physicians and Surgeons Kansas City. Hospital Medical College St. Joseph. Missouri Medical College St. Louis. Northwestern Medical College St. Joseph. St. Louis Medical College St. Louis. Homeopathic Medical College of Missouri St. Louis. Missouri School of Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children St. Louis. Missouri Central College St. Louis. St. Louis College of Pharmacy St. Louis. 72 HISTOBY OF MISSOUKI. LARGEST PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Name. St Vincent's College Southeast Missouri State Normal School University of Missouri Athenian Society Union Literary Society Law College, Westminster College Lewis College Mercantile Library Library Association Pruitland Normal Institute State Library Fetterman's Circulating Library Law Library. Whittemore's Circulating Library North Missouri State Normal School William Jewell College St. Paul's College , Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy St. Charles Catholic Library Carl Prielling's Library Law Library Public School Library , Walworth & Colt's Circulating Library Academy of Science Academy of Visitation College of the Christian Brothers Deutsche Institute German Evangelical Lutheran, Concordia Colle^i ■ Law Library Association Missouri Medical College Mrs. Cuthbert's Seminary (Young Ladies) Odd Fellow's Library Public School Library St Louis Medical College St. Louis Mercantile Library . St. Louis Seminary St. Louis Turn Verein r. St. Louis University St. Louis University Society Libraries Ursuline Academy Washington University St. Louis Law School." Young Men's Sodality Library Association Public School Library Drury College Location. Cape Girardeau. Cape Girardeau. Columbia Columbia Columbia Columbia Fulton Glasgow Hannibal , Independeni ■■ Jackson Jefferson Cily. ... Kansas City Kansas Cuy Kansas City Kirksville Liberty Palmyra Holla St. Charlie St. Joseph St. Joseph St. Joseph St. Joseph St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Loui* St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St Louis St Louis.. St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St. Louis St Louis Sedalia Sedalia Springfield Volumes. 6,60*,' 1,225. 10,000' 1,200- 1,200: 1,000 6,000 8,000 2,219 1,100 1,000 13,000 1,300 3,000 1,000 1,050 4,000 2,000 1,478 1,716 6,000 2,000 2,500 1,500 2,744 4,000 22,000 1,000 4,800 8,000 1,000 1,500 4,000 40,ny7 1,100 45,000 2,000 2,000 ' 17,000 8,000 2,000 4,500 8,000 1,327 1,500 1,015 2,000 in 1880. Newspapers and Periodicals 481 CHARITIES. State Asylum for Deaf and Dumb St. Bridget's Institution for Deaf and Dumb Institution for the Education of the Bliml State Asylum for Insane State Asylum for the Insane Fulton. ..St. Louis. ..St Louis. Fulton. .St Louis. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 73 NORMAL SCHOOLS. Normal Institute , Bolivar. Southeast Missouri State Normal School Cape Girardeau. Normal School (University of Missouri) Columbia. Fruitland Normal Institute Jackson. Lincoln Institute (for colored) Jefferson City. City Normal School St. Louis. Missouri State Normal School Warrensburg. in 1880. Number of school children in 1878. Estimated value of school property $8,321,399 Total receipts for public schools.....*. 4,207,617 Total expenditures 2,406,139 NtTMBKB OF TEACHKKS. Male teachers 6.239; average monthly pny $36.36 Female teachers 5,060; average monthly pay 28.09 The fact that Missouri supports and maintains four hundred and seventy-one newspapers and periodicals, shows that her inhabitants are not only a reading and reflecting people, but that they appreciate " The Press," and its wonderful influence as an educator. The poet has well said : — But mightiest of the mighty means, On which the arm of progress leans, Man's noblest mission to advance, His woes assuage, his weal enhance, His rights enforce, his wrongs redress — Mightiest of mighty is the Press. CHAPTEK XII. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. Baptist Church — Its History — Congregational — When Founded — Its History — Christian Church — Its History — Cumberland Presbyterian Church — Its History — Methodist Episcopal Church — Its History — Presbyterian Church — Its History — Protestant Episcopal Church — Its History — United Presbyterian Church — Its History — Unitarian Church — Its History — Roman Catholic Church — Its History. The first representatives of religious thought and training, who penetrated the Missouri and Mississippi Valleys, were Pere Marquette, La Salle, and others of Catholic persuasion, who performed missionary 74 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. labor among the Indians. A century afterward came the Protestants. At that early period " A church In every grove that spread Its living roof above their heads," constituted for a time their only house of worship, and yet to them " No Temple built with hands could vie In glory with its majesty." In the course of time, the seeds of Protestantism were scattered along the shores of the two great rivers which form the eastern and western boundaries of the State, and still a" little later they were sown upon her hill-sides and broad prairies, where they have since bloomed and blossomed as the rose. BAPTIST CHURCH. The earliest anti-Catholic religious denomination, of which there is any record, was organized in Cape Girardeau county in 1806, through the efforts of Rev. David Green, a Baptist, and a native of Virginia. In 1816, the first association of Missouri Baptists was formed, which was composed of seven churches, all of which were located in the southeastern part of the State. In 1817 a second association of churches was formed, called the Missouri Association, the name being afterwards changed to St. Louis Association. In 1834 a general con- vention of all the churches of this denomination, was held in Howard county, for the purpose of effecting a central organization, at which time was commenced what is now known as the " General Association • of Missouri Baptists." To this body is committed the State mission work, denominational education, foreign missions and the circulation of religious literature. The Baptist Church has under its control a number of schools and colleges, the most important of which is William Jewell College, located at Liberty, Clay county. As shown by the annual report for 1875, there were in Missouri, at that date, sixty-one associations, one thousand four hundred churches, eight hundred and twenty-four min- isters and eighty-nine thousand six hundred and fifty church members. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. The Congregationalists inaugurated their missionary labors in the State in 1814. Rev. Samuel J. Mills, of Torringford, Connecticut, and Eev. Daniel Smith, of Bennington, Vermont, were sent west by the Massachusetts Congregational Home Missionary Society during HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 75 that year, and in November, 1814, they preached the first regular Protestant sermons in St. Louis. Rev. Samuel Giddings, sent out under the auspices of the Connecticut Congregational Missionary Society, organized the first Protestant church in the city, consisting of ten members, constituted Presbyterian. The churches organized by Mr. Giddings were all Presbyterian in their order. No exclusively Congregational Church was founded until 1852, when the " First Trinitarian Congregational Church of St. Louis " was organized. The next church of this denomination was organized at Hannibal in 1859. Then followed a Welsh church in New Cambria in 1864, and after the close of the war, fifteen churches of the same order were formed in different parts of the State. In 1866, Pilgrim Church, St. L ou i s > was organized. The General Conference of Churches of Missouri was formed in 1865, which was changed in 1868, to General Association. In 1866, Hannibal, Kidder, and St. Louis District Associations were formed, and following these were the Kan- sas City and Springfield District Associations. This denomination in 1875, had 70 churches, 41 ministers, 3,363 church members, and had also several schools and colleges and one monthly newspaper. CHRISTIAN CHURCH. The earliest churches of this denomination were organized in Cal- laway, Boone and Howard Counties, some time previously to 1829. The first church was formed in St. Louis in 1836 by Elder R. B. Fife. The first State Sunday School Convention of the Christian Church, was held in Mexico in 1876. Besides a number of private institutions, this denomination has three State Institutions, all of which have an able corps of professors and have a good attendance o'f pupils. It has one religious paper published in St. Louis, " Tlie Chris- tian," which is a weekly publication and well patronized. The mem- bership of this church now numbers nearly one hundred thousand in the State and is increasing rapidly. It has more than five hundred organized churches, the greater portion of which are north of the Missouri River. CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. In the spring of 1820, the first Presbytery of this denomination west of the Mississippi, was organized in Pike County. This Pres- bytery included all the territory of Missouri, western Illinois and Arkansas and numbered only four ministers, two of whom resided at 76 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. that time in Missouri. There are now in the State, twelve Presby- teries, three Synods, nearly three hundred ministers and over twenty thousand members. The Board of Missions is located at St. Louis. They have a number of High Schools and two monthly papers pub- lished at St. Louis. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. In 1806, Rev. John Travis, a young Methodist minister, was sent out to the " Western Conference," which then embraced the Missis- sippi Valley, from Green County, Tennessee. During that year Mr. Travis organized a number of small churches. At the close of his conference year, he reported the result of his labors to the Western Conference, which was held at Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1870, and showed an aggregate of one hundred and six members and two circuits, one called Missouri and the other Meramec. In 1808, two circuits had been formed, and at each succeeding year the number of circuits and members constantly increased, until 1812, when what was called the Western Conference was divided into the Ohio and Tennessee Confer- ences, Missouri falling into the Tennessee Conference. In 1816, there was another division when the Missouri Annual Conference was formed. In 1810, there were four traveling preachers and in 1820, fif- teen travelling preachers, with over 2,000 members. In 1836, the terri- tory of the Missouri Conference was again divided when the Missouri Conference included only the State. In 1840 there were 72 traveling preachers, 177 local ministers and 13,992 church members. Between 1840 and 1850, the church was divided by the organization of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. In 1850, the membership of the M. E. Church was over 25,000, and during the succeeding ten years the church prospered rapidly. In 1875, the M. E. Church reported 274 church edifices and 34,156 members ; the M. E. Church South, reported 443 church edifices and 49,588 members. This denomina- tion has under its control several schools and colleges and two weekly newspapers. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The Presbyterian Church dates the beginning of its missionary efforts in the State as far back as 1814, but the first Presbyterian Church was not organized until 1816 at Bellevue settlement, eight miles from St. Louis. The next churches were formed in 1816 and 1817 at Bonhomme, Pike County. The First Presbyterian Church was organized in St. Louis in 1817, by Rev. Salmon Gidding. The HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 77 first Presbytery was organized in 1817 by the Synod of Tennessee with four ministers and four churches. The first Presbyterian house of worship (which was the first Protestant) was commenced in 1819 and completed in 1826. In 1820 a mission was formed among the Osage Indians. In 1831, the Presbytery was divided into three: Missouri, St. Louis, and St. Charles. These were erected with a Synod comprising eighteen ministers and twenty-three churches. The church was divided in 1838, throughout the United States. In 1860 the rolls of the Old and New School Synod together showed 109 ministers and 146 churches. In 1866 the Old School Synod was di- vided on political questions springing out of the war — a part form- ing the Old School, or Independent Synod of Missouri, who are con- nected with the General Assembly South. In 1870, the Old and New School Presbyterians united, since which time this Synod has steadily increased until it now numbers more than 12,000 members with more than 220 churches and 150 ministers. This Synod is composed of six Presbyteries and has under its con- trol one or two institutions of learning and one or two newspapers. That part of the original Synod which withdrew from the Geueral Assembly remained an independent body until 1874 when it united with the Southern Presbyterian Church. The Synod in 1875 num- bered 80 ministers, 140 churches and 9,000 members. It has under its control several male and female institutions of a high order. The St. Louis Presbyterian, a weekly paper, is the recognized organ of the Synod. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The missionary enterprises of this church began in the State in 1819, when a parish was organized in the City of St. Louis. In 1828, an agent of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society, visited the city, who reported the condition of things so favorably that Eev. Thomas Horrell was sent out as a missionary and in 1825, he began his labors in St. Louis. A church edifice was completed in 1830. In 1836, there were five clergymen of this denomination in Missouri, who had organized congregations in Boonville, Fayette, St. Charles, Hannibal, and other places. In 1840, the clergy and laity met in convention, a diocese was formed, a constitution, and canons adopted, and in 1844 a Bishop was chosen, he being the Rev. Cicero S. Hawks. Through the efforts of Bishop Kemper, Kemper College was founded near St. Louis, but was afterward given up on account of 78 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. pecuniary troubles. In 1847, the Clark Mission began and in 1849 the Orphans' Home, a charitable institution, was founded. In 1865, St. Luke's Hospital was established. In 1875, there were in the city of St. Louis, twelve parishes and missions and twelve clergymen. This denoinuation has several schools and colleges, and one newspaper. UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. This denomination is made up of the members of the Associate and Associate Reformed churches of the Northern States, which two bodies united in 1858, taking the name of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. Its members were generally bitterly opposed to the institution of slavery. The first congregation was organized at Warrensburg, Johnson County, in 1867. It rapidly increased in numbers, and had, in 1875, ten ministers and five hundred members. UNITARIAN CHURCH. This church was formed in 1834, by the Rev. W. G. Eliot, in St. Louis. The churches are few in number throughout the State, the membership being probably less than 300, all told. It has a mission house and free school, for poor children, supported by donations. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. The earliest written record of the Catholic Church in Missouri snows that Father Watrin performed ministerial services in Ste. Genevieve, in 1760, and in St. Louis in 1766. In 1770, Father Menrin erected a small log church in St. Louis. In 1818, there were in the State four chapels, and for Upper Louisiana seven priests. A college and semi- nary were opened in Perry County about this period, for the education of the young, being the first college west of the Mississippi River. In 1824, a college was opened in St. Louis, which is now known as the St. Louis University. In 1826, Father Rosatti was appointed Bishop of St. Louis, and through his instrumentality the Sisters of Charity, Sisters of St. Joseph and of the Visitation were founded, besides other benevolent and charitable institutions. In 1834 he completed the present Cathedral Church. Churches were built in different portions of the State. In 1847 St. Louis was created an arch-diocese, with Bishop Kenrick, Archbishop. In Kansas City there were five parish churches, a hospital, a con- vent and several parish schools. In 1868 the northwestern portion of the State was erected into a separate diocese, with its seat at St.Joseph, HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 79 and Right-Reverend John J. Hogan appointed Bishop. There were, in 1875, in the city of St. Louis, 34 churches, 27 schools, 5 hospitals, 3 colleges, 7 orphan asylums and 3 female protectorates. There were also 105 priests, 7 male and 13 female orders, and 20 conferences of St. Vincent de Paul, numbering 1,100 members. In the diocese, out- side of St. Louis, there is a college, a male protectorate, 9 convents, about 120 priests, 150 churches and 30 stations. In the diocese of St. Joseph there were, in 1875, 21 priests, 29 churches, 24 stations, 1 college, 1 monastery, 5 convents and 14 parish schools : Number of Sunday Schools in 1S78 . . 2,067 Number of Teachers in 1878 ... . v . . 18,010 Number of Pupils in 1878 . 139,578 THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS. Instruction preparatory to ministerial work is given in connection with collegiate study, or in special theological courses, at: Central College (M. E. South) . Fayette. Central Wesleyan College (M. E. Church) . Warrenton. Christian University (Christian) . . Canton. Concordia College Seminary CEvangelical Lutheran) ... .St. Louis. Lewis College (M. E. Church) Glasgow. St. Vincent College (Roman Catholic) Cape Girardeau. Vardeman School of Theology (Baptist) . Liberty. The last is connected with William Jewell College. CHAPTBE Xin. ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR CRITTENDEN. Nomination and election of Thomas T. Crittenden — Personal Mention^Marmaduke's candidacy — Stirring events — Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad — Death of Jesse James — The Fords — Pardon of the Gamblers. It is the purpose in this chapter to outline the more important events of Governor Crittenden's unfinished administration, stating briefly the facts in the case, leaving comment and criticism entirely to the reader, the historian having no judgment to express or prejudice to vent. Thomas T. Crittenden, of Johnson county, received the Demo- cratic nomination for Governor of Missouri at the convention at Jeffer- 80 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. son City, July 22d, 1880. Democratic nomination for a State office in Missouri is always equivalent to election, and the entire State ticket was duly elected in November. Crittenden's competitors before the convention were Gen. John S. Marmaduke, of St. Louis, and John A. Hockaday, of Callaway county. Before the assembling of the convention many persons who favored Marmaduke, both personally and politically, thought the nomination of an ex-Confederate might prejudice the prospects of the National Democracy, and therefore, as a matter of policy, supported Crittenden. His name, and the fame of his family in Kentucky — Thomas T. being a scion of the Crittendens of that State, caused the Democracy of Missouri to expect great things from their new Governor. This, together with the important events which followed his inauguration, caused some people to overrate him, while it prejudiced others against him. The measures advocated by the Governor in his inaugural address were such as, perhaps, the entire Democracy could endorse, especially that of refunding, at a low interest, all that part of the State debt that can be so refunded ; the adoption of measures to relieve the Supreme Court docket ; a compromise of the indebtedness of some of the counties, and his views concerning repudiation, which he con- temned. HANNIBAL & ST. JOE RAILROAD CONTROVERSY. By a series of legislative acts, beginning with the act approved February 22, 1851, and ending with that of March 26, 1881, the State of Missouri aided with great liberality in the construction of a system of railroads in this State. Among the enterprises thus largely assisted was the Hannibal and St. Joseph Kailroad, for the construction of which the bonds of the State, to the amount of $3,000,000, bearing interest at 6 per cent per annum, payable semi-annually, were issued. One half of this amount was issued under the act of 1851, and the remainder under the act of 1855. The bonds issued under the former act were to run twenty years, and those under the latter act were to run thirty years. Some of the bonds have since been funded and renewed. Coupons for the interest of the entire $3,000,000 were executed and made payable in New York. These acts contain numerous provisions intended to secure the State against loss and to require the railroad company to pay the interest and principal at maturity. It was made the duty of the railroad company to save and keep the State from all loss on account of said bonds and coupons. The Treasurer of the State was HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 81 to be exonerated from any advance of money to meet either principal or interest. The State contracted with the railroad company for com- plete indemnity. She was required to assign her statutory mortgage lien only upon payment into the treasury of a sum of money equal to all indebtedness due or owing by said company to the State by reason of having issued her bonds and loaned them to the company. In June, 1881, the railroad, through its attorney, Geo. W. Easley, Esq., paid to Phil. E. Chappell, State Treasurer, the sum of $3,000,- 000, and asked for a receipt in full of all dues of the road to the State. The Treasurer refused to give such a receipt, but instead gave a receipt for the sum " on account." The debt was not yet due, but the authorities of the road sought to discharge their obligation pre- maturely, in order to save interest and other expenses. The railroad company then demanded its bonds of the State, which demand the State refused. The company then demanded that the $3,000,000 be paid back, and this demand was also refused. The railroad company then brought suit in the United States Court for an equitable adjustment of the matters in controversy. The $3, 000,000 had been deposited by the State in one of the banks, and was drawing interest only at the rate of one-fourth of one per cent. It was demanded that this sum should be so invested that a larger rate of interest might be obtained, which sum of interest should be allowed to the company as a credit in case any sum should be found due from it to the State. Justice Miller, of the United States Supreme Court, who heard the case upon preliminary injunction in the spring of 1882, decided that the unpaid and unmatured coupons constituted a liability of the State and a debt owing, though not due, and until these were provided for the State was not bound to assign her lien upon the road. Another question which was mooted, but not decided, was this: That, if any, what account is the State to render for the use of the $3,000,000 paid into the treasury by the complainants on the 20th of June? Can she hold that large sum of money, refusing to make any account of it, and still insist upon full payment by the railroad company of all outstanding coupons? Upon this subject Mr. Justice Miller, in the course of his opinion, said : "lam of the opinion that the State,, having accepted or got this money into her possession, is under a moral obligation (and I do not pretend to commit anybody as to how far its legal obligation goes) to so use that money as, so far as possible, to protect the parties who have paid it against the loss of the interest which it might accumulate, 82 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. and which would go to extinguish the interest on the State's obliga- tions." March 26, 1881, the Legislature, in response to a special message of Gov. Crittenden, dated February 25, 1881, in which he informed the Legislature of the purpose of the Hannibal and St. Joseph com- pany to discharge the full amount of what it claims is its present indebtedness as to the State, and advised that provision be made for the " profitable disposal" of the sum when paid, passed an act, the second section of which provided. " Sec. 2. Whenever there is sufficient money in the sinkiug fund to redeem or purchase one or more of the bonds of the State of Missouri, such sum is hereby appropriated for such purpose, and the Fund Commissioners shall immediately call in for payment a like amount of the option bonds of the State, known as the " 5-20 bonds," provided, that if there are no option bonds which can be called in for payment, they may invest such money in the purchase of any of the bonds of the State, or bonds of the United States, the Hannibal and St. Joseph railroad bonds excepted." On the 1st of January, 1882, the regular semi-annual payment of interest on the railroad bonds became due, but the road refused to pay, claiming that it had already discharged the principal, and of course was not liable for the interest. Thereupon, according to the provisions of the aiding act of 1855, Gov. Crittenden advertised the road for sale in default of the payment of interest. The company then brought suit before U. S. Circuit Judge McCrary at Keokuk, Iowa, to enjoin the State from selling the road, and for such other and further relief as the court might see fit and proper to orant. August 8, 1882, Judge McCrary delivered his opinion and judgment, as follows : "First. That the payment by complainants into the treasury of the State of the sum of $3,000,000 on the 26th of June, 1881, did not satisfy the claim of the State in full, nor entitle complainants to an assignment of the State's statutory mortgage. "Second. That the State was bound to invest the principal sum of $3,000,000 so paid by the complainants without unnecessary delay in the securities named iu the act of March 26, 1881, or some of them, and so as to save to the State as large a sum as possible, which sum so saved would have constituted as between the State and complainants a credit pro tanto upon the unmatured coupons now in controversy. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 83 "Third. That the rights and equity of the parties are to be deter- mined upon the foregoing principles, and the State must stand charged with what would have been realized if the act of March, 1881, had been complied with. It only remains to consider what the rights of the parties are upon the principles here stated. " In order to save the State from loss on account of the default of the railroad company, a further sum must be paid. In order to deter- mine what that further sum is an accounting must be had. The ques- tion to be settled by the accounting is, how much would the State have lost if the provisions of the act of March, 1881, had been complied with ? * * * * I think a perfectly fair basis of settle- ment would be to hold the State liable for whatever could have been saved by the prompt execution of said act by taking up such 5-20 option bonds of the State as were subject to call when the money was paid to the State, and investing the remainder of the fund in the bonds of the United States at the market rates. " Upon this basis a calculation can be made and the exact sum still to be paid by the complainant ill order to fully indemnify and protect the State can be ascertained. For the purpose of stating an account upon this basis and of determining the sum to be paid by the com- plainants to the State, the cause will be referred to John K. Cravens, oue of the masters of this court. In determining the time when the investment should have been made under the act of March, 1881, the master will allow a reasonable period for the time of the receipt of the said sum of $3,000,000 by the Treasurer of the State — that is to say, such time as would have been required for that purpose had the offi- cers charged with the duty of making said investment used reason- able diligence in its discharge. " The Hannibal and St. Joseph railroad is advertised for sale for the amount of the instalment of interest due January 1, 1882, which instalment amounts to less than the sum which the company must pay in order to discbarge its liabilities to the State upon the theory of this opinion. The order will, therefore, be that an injunction be granted to enjoin the sale of the road upon the payment of the said instal- ment of interest, due January 1, 1882, and if such payment is made the master will take it into account in making the computation above mentioned." KILLING OF JESSE JAMES. The occurrence during the present Governor's administration which, did most to place his name in everybody's mouth, and even to herald 84 HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. it abroad, causing the European press to teem with leaders announcing the fact to the continental world, was the " removal" of the famous Missouri brigand, Jesse W. James. The career of the James boys, and the banditti of whom they were the acknowledged leaders, is too well-known and too fully set forth in works of a more sensational character, to deserve further detail in these pages ; and the " removal " of Jesse will be dealt with only in its relation to the Governor. It had been long conceded that neither of the Jameses would ever be taken alive. That experiment had been frequently and vainly tried, to the sorrow of good citizens of this and other States. It seems to have been one of the purposes of Gov. Crittenden to break up this band at any cost, by cutting off its leaders. Soon after the Winston train robbery, on July 15, 1881, the railroads combined in empower- ing the Governor, by placing the money at his disposal, to offer heavy rewards for the capture of the two James brothers. This was ac- cordingly done by proclamation, and, naturally, many persons were on the lookout to secure the large rewards. Gov. Crittenden worked quietly, but determinedly, after offering the rewards, and by some means learned of the availability of the two Ford boys, young men from Ray county, who had been tutored as juvenile robbers by the skillful Jesse. An understanding was had, when the Fords declared they could find Jesse — that they were to "turn him in." Robert Ford and brother seem to have been thoroughly in the confidence of James, who then (startling as it was to the entire State) resided in the city of St. Joseph, with "his wife and two children ! The Fords went there, and when the robber's back was turned, Robert shot him dead in the back of the head! The Fords told their story to the authorities of the city, who at once arrested them on a charge of mur- der, and they, when arraigned , plead guilty to the charge. Promptly, however, came a full, free and unconditional pardon from Gov. Crit- tenden, and the Fords were released. In regard to the Governor's course in ridding the State of this notorious outlaw, people were divided in sentiment, some placing him in the category with the Ford boys and bitterly condemning his action, while others — the majority of law-abiding people, indeed,— though deprecating the harsh meas- ures which James' course had rendered necessary, still upheld the Governor for the part he played. As it was, the » Terror of Mis- souri " was effectually and finally " removed," and people were glad that he was dead. Robert Ford, the pupil of the dead Jesse, had HISTORY OJF MISSOURI. 85 been selected, and of all was the most fit tool to use in the extermina- tion of his preceptor in crime. The killing of James would never have made Crittenden many ene- mies among the better class bf citizens of this State ; but, when it came to his PARDON OF THE GAMBLERS. The case was different. Under the new law making gaminghouse- keeping a felony, several St. Louis gamblers, with Eobert C. Pate at their head, were convicted and sentenced to prison. The Governor, much to the surprise of the more rigid moral element of the State, soon granted the gamblers a pardon. This was followed by other pardons to similar offenders, which began to render the Governor quite unpopular which one element of citizens, and to call forth from some of them the most bitter denunciations. The worst feature of the case, perhaps, is the lack of explanation, or the setting forth of sufficient reasons, as is customary in issuing pardons, This, at least, is the bur- den of complaint with the faction that opposes him. However, it must be borne in mind that his term of office, at this writing, is but half expired, and that a full record can not, therefore, be given. Like all mere men, Gov. Crittenden has his good and his bad, is liked by some and disliked by others. The purpose of history is to set forth the facts and leave others to sit in judgment ; this the historian has tried faithfully to do, le,aving all comments to those who may see fit to make them. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. CHAPTEE I. The Pioneer — Introduction — Early Adventurers — First Settlements — When and where made — Daniel Boone and others — Lewis and Clark — Col. Benjamin Cooper — Names of Pioneers who came in 1810 — Preparation for Living — Wild Game — Emi- gration of 181 1 and 1812 — Old Settlers Erect Forts — Organizing Military Companies — Number of Men Bearing Arms — Number of Men and Boys in Each Fort — Popula- lation of Boone's Lick Country in 1812 — Settlers came to Stay. "THE PIONEER." "In the heart of the grand old forest, A thousand miles to the west. Where a stream gushed out from the hill-side, They halted at last for rest : And the silence of ages listened, To the ax-stroke loud and clear, Divining a kingly presence In the tread of the pioneer. " He formed of the prostrate branches A home that was strong and good ; The roof 1 was of reeds from the streamlet, The chimney he built of wood. And there by the winter fireside, While the flame up the chimney roared, He spoke of the good time coming, When plenty should crown his board : — " When the forest should fade like a vision, And over the hillside and plain, The orchard would spring in its beauty, And the fields of golden grain. And to-night he sits by the fireside, In a mansion quaint and old, With his children's children round him. Having reaped a thousand fold." HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. INTRODUCTION. History, we are told, " is but a record of the life and career of peoples and nations." The historian, in rescuing from oblivion the life of a nation, or a particular people, should "nothing extenuate, nor set down aught in malice." Myths, however beautiful, are but fanciful ; traditions, however pleasing, are uncertain, and legends, though the very essence of poesy and song, are unauthentic. The novelist will take the most fragile thread of romance, and from it weave a fabric of surpassing beauty. But the historian should put his feet upon the solid rock of truth, and turning a deaf ear to the allurements of fancy, he should sift with careful scrutiny, the evidence brought before him, from which he is to give the record of what has been. Standing down the stream of time, far removed from its source, he must retrace with patience and care, its meanderings, guided by the relics of the past which lie upon its shores, growing fainter, and still more faint and uncertain as he nears its fountain, oftimes con- cealed in the debris of ages, and the mists of impenetrable darkness. Written records grow less and less explicit, and finally fail altogether as he approaches the beginning of the community, whose lives he is seeking to rescue from the gloom of a rapidly receding past. Memory, wonderful as are its powers, is yet frequently at fault, and only by a comparison of its many aggregations, can he be satis- fied that he is pursuing stable-footed truth in his researches amid the early paths of his subject. It cannot then be unimportant or uninteresting to trace the progress of Howard and Cooper counties, from their crude beginnings to their present proud position among their sister counties. To this end, therefore, we have en- deavored to gather the scattered and loosening threads of the past into a compact web of the present, trusting that the harmony and perfectness of the work may speak with no uncertain sound to the future. Eecords have been traced as far as they have yielded infor- mation sought for; the memories of the pioneers have been laid under tribute, and every available source has been called into requi- sition from which we could obtain reliable material, out of which we could construct a truthful and faithful history of these counties. The French settled Canada and the northwestern part of the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 89 United States, as well as the country about the mouths of the Missis- sippi river. They came into the upper Mississippi and Missouri valleys in 1764, under the lead of Pierre Laclede Liguest, who held a charter from the French government, giving him the exclusive right of trade with the Indians in all the country as far north as St. Peter's river. Laclede established his colony in St. Louis in 1764, and from this point they immediately began their trading and trapping excur- sions into the unbroken wilderness. Their method of proceeding was to penetrate into the interior and establish small local posts for trad- ing with the Indians, whence the trappers and hunters were outfitted and sent out into the adjacent woods. In this way, the country west and northwest of St. Louis was traversed and explored at a very early day, as far west as the Rocky mountains. But of the extent of their operations, but little has been recorded ; hence, but little is known of the posts established by them. That these daring Frenchmen had explored that portion of Howard county lying contiguous to the Missouri river, even prior to the year 1800, there can be no doubt ; that there existed within the present limits of the county a trading post, for several years before its settle- ment proper, there can be no doubt. The names of the streams, such as Bonne Femme, Moniteau, etc., attest the fact that they were of French origin, and had been seen and named by the French pioneers. Levens and Drake, in their condensed but carefully prepared his- tory of Cooper county, say : " While Nash and his companions were iu Howard county (1804), they visited Barclay's and Boone's Licks, also a trading post situated about two miles northwest of Old Frank- lin, kept by a white man by the name of Prewitt. The existence of this trading post, and the fact that 'Barclay's and Boone's Licks' had already received their names from the white persons who visited them, show conclusively that this portion of the country had been explored, even before this, by Americans. But no history mentions this trading post, nor does any give the name of Prewitt ; hence, we are unable to determine when he came to the Boone's Lick country, how long he remained, and where he went ; he evidently left before the year 1808, as Benjamin Cooper, who moved to Howard county in that year, said there was then no settlement in this part of the state." Boone's Lick, from which this region of country took its name, is sit- uated about eight miles northwest of New Franklin, iu Boone's Lick township, on section 4, T. 49, R. 17, on land owned by William N. Marshall. This place was visited by Daniel Boone at an early date, — 90 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. the time not known. Here he found several salt springs, and as such places were frequented by deer aiid other game, he not only often hunted in the neighborhood, but, according to John M. Peck, who visited the old hunter at his home in St. Charles county, a few years prior to his death, pitched his camp there for one winter and put up a cabin. Mr. Peck does not give the date. The presumption is that he got his information from the lips of the old hunter himself, and we would further suppose that he camped there between the years 1795 and 1807 ; nearer the former than the latter date, for the reason that he was at that time younger and more robust, and more inclined to enjoy sylvan sports. The first authentic record we have upon the subject of a settlement, in what is now known as Howard county, dates back to the year 1800 (see first deed, chap. Ill, this book), when Joseph Marie deeded a tract of laud described by survey to Asa Morgan. Joseph Marie settled upon said land in the year 1800, where he made improvements. This land was situated near what is known as " Eagle's Nest," about one mile southwest of where Fort Kincaid was afterwards erected, in what is now Franklin township. In 1800, Charles Dehault Delassus, lieutenant-governor of Upper Louisiana, granted Ira P. Nash a large tract of land in the present limits of Howard county. This land was surveyed on the 26th of January, 1804, and certified to on the 15th day of February, of that year. The next Americans, of whom we have any definite knowledge, as to the date of their coming to Howard county, were Ira P. Nash, above named, a deputy United States surveyor, Stephen Hancock and Stephen Jackson, who came up the Missouri river in the month of February, 1804. These men located a claim on the public lauds of Howard county, nearly opposite to the mouth of the La Mine river. They remained there until the month of March, in the same year, employing their time in surveying, hunting, and fishing ; and during that month they returned to their homes, which were situated on the Missouri river, about twenty-five miles above St. Charles. In July, 1804, Ira P. Nash, in company with William Nash, James H. Whitesides, William Clark, and Daniel Hubbard, again came into what is now Howard county, and surveyed a tract of land near the present site of Old Franklin. On this second trip, Mr. Nash claimed, when he came up the river the February before, he had left a compass in a certain hollow tree, and started out with two compan- ions to find it, agreeing to meet the remainder of the company the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 91 next day at Barclay's Lick, which he did, bringing the compass with him, thus proving, beyond a doubt, that he had visited the country before. Lewis and Clarke, on their exploring expedition across the Rock}' mountains, and down the Columbia river to the Pacific ocean, arrived at the mouth of the Bonne Femme, in Howard county, on the 7th day of June, 1804, and camped for the night. When they arrived at the mouth of the " Big Moniteau creek," they found a point of rocks covered with hieroglyphic paintings, but the large number of rattle- snakes, which they found there, prevented a close examination of the place. Continuing their way up the river, they arrived at the mouth of the Lamine on the 8th of the same month, and on the 9th at Arrow Rock. When they returned from their journey in 1806, after having successfully accomplished all the objects for which they were sent out, they passed down the Missouri river, and camped, on the 18th of September, in Howard county, opposite to the mouth of the La Mine river. And, as they journeyed down the river on that day, they must have passed the present site of Boonville and Franklin early on the morning of the 19th of September, 1806. The next evidence we have of any white persons being in the Boone's Lick country, is the following : — In 1807, Nathan and Daniel M. Boone, sons of old Daniel Boone, who lived with their father in what is now St. Charles county, about twenty-five miles west of the city of St. Charles, on the Femme Osage creek, came up the Missouri river and manufactured salt at Boone's Lick, in Howard county. After they had manufactured a considera- ble amount, they shipped it down the river to St. Louis, where they sold it. It is thought by many that this was the first instance of salt being manufactured in what was at that time a part of the territory of Louisiana, now the state of Missouri. Though soon after, salt was manufactured in large quantities — "salt licks" being discovered in many parts of the state. Although these were the first white persons who remained for any length of time in the Boone's Lick country, they were not permanent settlers, as they only came to make salt, and left as soon as they had finished. Previous to the year 1808, every white American who came to the Boone's Lick country, came with the intention of only remaining there a short time. Three parties had entered it while on exploring and surveying expeditions ; two parties had been to its fine salt licks 92 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. to make salt ; and, no doubt, many of the adventurous settlers living in the eastern part of this state, had often, on their hunting expedi- tions, pierced the trackless forest to the Boone's Lick country ; but, of course, there is no record of these, hence, those expeditions of which there is a record, are placed as being the first to this part of the country, when, in reality, they may not be. But in 1808, in the spring, one adventurous spirit determined to forsake what appeared to him to be the too thickly settled portion of the state, and move farther west to the more pleasant solitudes of the uninhabited forest. In the spring of that year, Colonel Benjamin Cooper and his family, consisting of his wife and five sons, moved to the Boone's Lick country, and located in what is now Howard county, about two miles south west of Boone's Lick, in the Missouri river bottom. Here he built him a cabin, cleared a piece of ground, and commenced arrangements to make a permanent settlement at that place. But he was not permitted to remain long at his new home. Governor Merriwether Lewis, at that time governor of the territory, issued an order directing him to return below the mouth of the Gas- conade river, as he was so far advanced into the Indian countay, and so far away from protection, that in case of an Indian war he would be unable to protect him. So he returned to Loutre island, about four miles south of the Gasconade river, where he remained until the year 1810. The rich territory, however, was not destined to be left forever to the reign of wild beasts and savage Indians. Aside from the fact that the character of the men of the early days caused them contin- ually to revolt against living in thickly settled communities, the Boone's Lick country presented advantages, which those seeking a home where they could find the richest of lands and the most health- ful of climate, could not, and did not, fail to perceive. Its fertile soil promised, with little labor, the most abundant harvests. Its forests were filled with every variety of game, and its streams with all kinds of fish. Is it a wonder, then, that those seeking homes where these things could be found, should select and settle first the rich lands of Cooper and Howard counties, risking all the dangers from the Indians, who lived in great numbers close around them? Two years after the settlement of Benjamin Cooper, and his removal to Loutre island, the first lasting settlement was made in the Boone's Lick country, and this party was but the forerunner of many others, who soon followed, and in little more than one-half of a century, have HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 93 thickly settled one of the richest and most attractive parts of the state of Missouri. The names of the parties who settled north of the river, in How- ard county, were : From Madison County, Ky. : — Lieut.-Col. Benjamin Cooper Francis Cooper. William Cooper. Daniel Cooper. John Cooper. Capt. Sarshall Cooper. Braxton Cooper, Sr. Joseph Cooper. Stephen Cooper. Braxton Cooper, Jr. Robert Cooper. James Hancock. Albert Hancock. William Berry. From Estill County, Ky, Amos Ashcraft. Otho Ashcraft. From Tennessee : — John Ferrell. Henrv Ferrell. John Berry. Robert Erwin. Robert Brown. Joseph Wolfskill. William Thorp. John Thorp. Josiah Thorp. James Thorp. Gilead Rupe. James Jones. John Peak. W T illiam Wolfskill. Adam W'oods. Jesse Ashcraft. James Alexander. Robert Hancock. From Virginia : — James Kile. From South Carolina: — Gray Bynum. From Georgia: — Stephen Jackson. From Ste. Genevieve : — Peter Popineau. Previous Residence Unknown : — John Busby. Middletown Anderson. James Anderson. William Anderson. The women belonging to these families did not arrive until the following July or August. We do not pretend to say these men were all of the early settlers who came in 1810. There were, per- liaps, a few others, but the names we have given embrace nearly the 94 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. entire number who emigrated in the colony with Colonel Benjamin Cooper, in the spring of that year. After their arrival in this " land of promise," they immediately began the erection of their houses, all of which were single or double log cabins, and to prepare for farming by clearing and fencing small "patches" of ground. As a general thing, they settled in and near the Missouri river bottom. They knew that the country was full of Indians, and that these were liable at any time to begin their murderous assaults upon the whites, hence, they located in neighborhoods, where, in case of danger, they could render each other timely aid. That portion of Howard county, which is now embraced in Franklin and Boone's Lick townships, was the first settled. When the settlers first came to this county, wild game of all kinds was very abundant, and so tame as not to be easily frightened at the approach of white men. This game furnished the settlers with all their meat, and, in fact, with all the provisions they used, for most of the time, they had but little else than meat. There were large numbers of deer, turkeys, elk, and other large animals, and, to use the expression of an old settler, " they could be killed as easily as sheep are now killed in our pastures." The settlers spent most of their time in hunting and fishing, as it was no use to plant crops to be destroyed by wild game. Small game, such as squirrels, rabbits, partridges, etc., swarmed around the homes of the frontiersmen in such numbers that when they did attempt to raise a crop of any kind, in order to save a part of it, they were forced to kill them in large numbers. Not only were the settlers and their families thus well provided with food by nature, but also their animals were furnished with everything necessary to their well being. The range was so good during the whole year, that their stock lived without being fed by their owners. Even when the ground was covered with snow, the animals, taught by instinct, would in a few minutes paw from under the snow enough grass to last them all day. Their only use of corn, of which they planted very little, was to make bread, and bread made of corn was the only kind they ever had. During the two succeeding years (1811 and 1812), quite a number of emigrants had taken up their line of march for the Boone's Lick country. Many of these included families of wealth, culture, and re- finement, who left their well furnished homes and life-long friends in the east, to take up their abode among the savages and wild beasts of the western wilderness. Scarcely, however, had they reached their HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 95 destination, when they heard the dim mutterings which foreshadowed a long and bloody conflict with the Indians, who had been induced by the emissaries of the British government to unite with Great Britain in her attempt to defeat the United States of America. OLD SETTLERS ERECT FORTS. Being fully convinced that the Indians were making preparations to attack the settlements along the Missouri river, they determined to be ready to receive them properly when they did appear, and to this end, began the erection of three forts in Howard county, bearing the names respectively, of Fort Cooper, Fort Hempstead, and Fort Kin- caid. Fort Cooper was located about two miles southwest of Boone's Lick. Fort Kincaid was east southeast, about nine miles distant, and about one mile north of the present Boouville railroad bridge. Fort Hempstead was about one and a half miles north of Fort Kin- caid. Each fort was a series of log houses, built together around an enclosure. In each house lived a family, and the stock was corraled, and the property of the settlers secured at night in the enclosure. There were other smaller forts, but the above were the most important. Immediately after the erection of these forts, the pioneers organized themselves into a military company, with Sarshall Cooper as captain ; first lieutenant, William McMahon ; second lieutenant, John Monroe ; ensign, Benjamin Cooper, Jr. SERGEANTS. 1st. John McMurray. 4th. Davis Todd. 2d. Samuel McMahan. 5th. John Mathis. 3d. Adam Woods. CORPORALS. 1st. Andrew Smith. 4th. John Busby. 2d. Thomas Vaughan. 5th. James Barnes. 3d. James McMahan. 6th. Jesse Ashcraft. The above were the officers chosen by their comrades and neigh- bors, to command the company, which consisted of 112 men, who were able to bear arms. The following list comprises all the men. and boys who were in the different forts : — FORT COOPER. James Alexander. Frederick Hyatt. James Anderson. Robert Irvine. Middleton Anderson. David Jones. 96 HISTORY OF HOWAED AND COOPEK COUNTIES. William Anderson. Gray Bynum. John Busby. Bobert Brown. Samuel Brown. Benjamin Cooper. Sarshall Cooper. Frank Cooper. William Cooper. David Cooper. John Cooper. Braxton Cooper. Joseph Cooper. Stephen Cooper. Robert Cooper. Henly Cooper. Patrick Cooper. Jesse Cox. Solomon Cox. John Ferrill. Henry Ferrill. Edward Good. Harmon Gregg. William Gregg. David Gregg. Robert Heath. Robert Hancock. Abbott Hancock. Josiah Higgins. George Alcorn. James Alcorn. William Allen. John Arnold. Price Arnold. Joseph Austin. John Austin. Robert Austin. William Baxter. Big Berry. John Jones. Jesse Jones. George Jackson. Stephen Jackson. James Jackson. Samuel McMahan. Thomas McMahan. James McMahan. William McMahan. John O'Bannon. Thomas O'Bannon. Judiah Osmond. Samuel Perry. William Read. Beuoni Sappington. John Sappington. James Sappington. Daniel Tillman. John Thorp. William Thorp. Samuel Turley. Stephen Turley. Ezekiel Williams. Thomas Wasson. Joseph Wasson. Adam Woods. William Wolfskill. Joseph Wolfskill. William Wolfskill, Jr. FOliT HKMPSTEAI). William Grooms. Alfred Head. Moses Head. Robert Hinkson. John James. James Jones. Abner Johnson. Noah Katew. Joseph McLane. William McLane. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 97 John Berry. William Berry. David Boggs. Joseph Boggs. Muke Box. Joseph Boyers. Robert Brown. Samuel Brown. William Brown. Townsend Brown. Christopher Brown. Christopher Burckhartt. Nicholas S. Burckhartt. Andrew Carson. Lindsay Carson (father of Kit Carson ) . Moses Carson. Charles Cauole. William Canole. Isaac Clark. Joseph Cooley. James Cooley. Ferrin Cooley. Braxton Cooper, Jr. James Cockrell. Thomas Chandler. James Creason. John Creason. Peter Creason. William Creason. Daniel Crump. Harper Davis. James Douglas. Dauiel Durbin. John Elliott. Braxton Fugate. Hiram Fugate. Reuben Fugate.- Sarshall Fugate. Simeon Fugate. Reuben Gentry. Ewing McLane. David McQuitly. William Monroe (called Long Gun). Joseph Moody. Susan Mullens. Thompson Mullens. John Peak. William Pipes. Michael Poage. Robert Poage. Joseph Poage. Christopher Richardson. Jesse Richardson. James Richardson. Silas Richardson. John Rupe. Henry Simmons. Reuben Smith. Andrew Smith. Thomas Smith . John Snethan. James Snethan. Joseph Still. John Stinson. Nathan Teague. Solomon Teters. David Teters. John Teters. Isaac Thornton. John Thornton. Davis Todd. Elisha Todd. Jonathan Todd. Levi Todd. James Turner. Philip Turner. Jesse Turner. Thomas Vaughan. Robert Wilds. William Wadkins. 98 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Samuel Gibbs. Abner Grooms. John Grooms. Amos Ashcraft. Jesse Ashcraft. Otho Ashcraft. Amos Barnes. Aquilla Barnes. Abraham Barnes. James Barnes. John Barnes. Shadrach Barnes. Robert Barclay. Francis Berry. Campbell Bolen. Delany Bolen. William Brazil. David Burris. Henry Burris. Eeuben Cornelius. Pryor Duncan. Stephen Fields. John Fields. Cornelius Gooch. Thomas Gray. John Hines. Daniel Hubbard. Asaph Hubbard. James Whitley. Benjamin Young. John Yarnell. FORT KINCAID. Eusebius Hubbard. Joseph Jolly. David Kincaid. Matthew Kincaid. John Kincaid. John McMurray. Adam McCord. Daniel Monroe. John Monroe. John Mathis. William Nash . John Pursley. William Eidgeway. William Robertson. Edward Robertson. Gilead Rupe. Enoch Taylor. Isaac Taylor. William Taylor. Enoch Turner. Giles Williams. Britton Williams. Francis Wood. Henry Weeden. Life in the forts was not one of idleness and ease. It was one of vigilance and activity for two or three years. The settlers were de- prived of many of the comforts and pleasures which are enjoyed by the people of to-day. They had but little labor-saving machinery, and what they had was imperfect and inefficient. School was taught, and religious services were held in the forts. The forts were also supplied with mills and looms. The first cog-wheel horse-mill erected in the county was at Fort Kincaid in 1815 ; the next one was put up at Fort Hempstead. After the Indian troubles were over, people came twenty miles to these mills. The first cloth made in HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 99 the county (in the forts) was manufactured from a poisonous plant, which was indigenous to the country, and known as the nettle, which was covered with sharp, brittle hairs. This cloth was used for pants and shirts for summer wear. In the winter, buckskin hunting-shirts and pants were worn. The low flats along the river, creeks and branches were covered with a thick growth of nettles about three feet high, sometimes stand- ing in patches of twenty acres or more. These were permitted to remain standing until they became decayed in the winter, when they were gathered. They were then broken up, spun into long strings, and woven into cloth, from which the garments were made. This would be a very tedious job at the present day, when a lady's dress requires from twenty to thirty yards of cloth ; but in those old times five or six yards was as much as was ever put into a dress. Little children usually wore a long leathern shirt over their tow shirt. For several years during the early settlement of this country, the men and women wore garments made out of the same kind^of material. The first dry goods were sold by.Eobert Morris, at the forts, in 1815. The number of men, as we have already stated, able to bear arms, was 112, which represented a population of between 500 and 600, who were then living within the present limits of Howard county. A few, perhaps, had returned to their former homes, or had moved further down the river in the direction of Loutre island and St. Louis, upon the eve of the anticipated Indian hostilities, but the great majority of the pioneers, had come to stay, and not a few of these attested their devotion to their new found homes by the sacrifice of their property and their lives to the cupidity and ferocity of savage foes. CHAPTEE II. What Treated of in Preceding Chapter — This Chapter — The War Clouds — Indians — First Victims— James Cole and James Davis Sent on Scouting Expedition— Summer of 1812 — Campbell Killed by Indians — Colonel Benjamin Cooper and General Dodge — Spring of 1813 — Killing of Braxton Cooper — Joseph Still — William McLane — Captain Sarshall Cooper — Joe — Peace. In the preceding chapter, we attempted to trace the early history of that portion of the Boone's Lick country, now known as Howard county. We began with the date of the coming of the earliest adven- turer of whom any history makes mention ; we spoke of the first settlements, giving the names of the earliest pioneers, and their former residences ; of their attempt to prepare for living in the west- ern wilds, during the two years that followed their arrival ; of their building forts, and of their taking possession of these with their fam- ilies, their goods, and their chattels. It is now our province, as a historian, to relate in chronological order as nearly as we can, the events that followed, which, if I mis- take not, will constitute one of the saddest, yet brightest chapters in the history of Howard county. It will be the saddest, because it will tell of arson, of plunder, of butchery, and of that merciless mode of warfare to which the cunning savage was so well adapted, and in which he was so well skilled. It will be the brightest, because it will tell of deeds of noble daring, of fidelity to duty, and the final triumph of those who were immured for three long years within the narrow limits of their beleaguered forts. In the spring of 1812, the war clouds which had hitherto given every indication of the coming storm, had at length unfurled their black banners in every part of the political sky. Great Britain had again " loosed her dogs of war," and with gigantic strides, was at- tempting to trample upon the most sacred rights of a free people. Calling to her aid, in the war against the American colonies, the hire- ling Hessian, she now inspired the blood-thirsty savage to espouse her cause against the unprotected whites, who were then dwelling upon the extreme frontier of the great west. These hostile Indians began their work of death in the spring of 1812, and were mostly Sacs and Foxes, Kickapoos and Pottawatomies. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 101 Their first victims in the Boone's Lick country, were Jonathan Todd and Thomas Smith, who were living at the time in Fort Hemp- stead, but had gone down the river to hunt a stray horse, which had escaped from the fort. While upon their errand the Indians attacked them, not far from the present line between Howard and Boone counties, near Thrall's prairie, and after a long struggle, in which several Indians were killed, Todd and Smith were slain. The savages, after killing them, cut off their heads and cut out their hearts, and placed them by the side of the road on poles . As soon as the news of the killing of Todd and Smith was brought to the fort, a party of men started out to get their bodies. After they had gone several miles, they captured an Indian warrior, who seemed to be watching their movements, and started to take him to the fort alive, in order to get information from him. As they returned after finding the bodies of the settlers, and when they arrived within two miles of the fort, the Indian prisoner suddenly broke away from them and attempted to escape. The settlers pur- sued him about one-half of a mile, when, finding they could not over- take him and capture him alive, they shot him, killing him instantly. Immediately after the killing of Todd and Smith, the settlers living on both sides of the Missouri river, being desirous of finding out the true state of affairs, sent out James Cole and James Davis on a scouting expedition, to see whether or not the Indians were really upon the warpath. After looking around for sometime, and not being able to hear anything of the plans of the savages, they were prepar- ing to return to the fort, when they discovered a large band of In- dians in pursuit of them, and directly between them and the fort, in which were their families and their friends, unconscious of their danger. As retreat to the fort was cut off, and they could not withstand the attack of the large body of Indians in the open woods, they started for what was then called Johnson's factory, a trading post kept by a man named Johnson ; it was situated on the Moniteau creek, in what is now Moniteau county, about two hundred yards from the Missouri river. They reached the factory that afternoon, and the Indians immediately surrounded the place. As Cole and Davis knew their friends at the different forts would fall an easy prey to the savages, if not warned of their danger in time to prepare for the attack, which they seemed certain to make upon the fort, the hardy rangers determined, at all hazards, to escape and bear the tidings to them. But here the main difficulty presented itself. As 102 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND GOOPER COUNTIES. long as they remained at the trading post, they were safe from the shots of the enemy ; but as soon as they left that protection, they believed they would be slain. But knowing the imminent danger of their families and friends, they resolved to make a desperate effort to reach them. So at 12 o'clock that night, they took up a plank from the floor of the "fac- tory," reached the creek, and finding a canoe, floated down to the river. Just as they reached the river, an unlucky stroke of the paddle against the side of the canoe, discovered them to the Indians, who started in pursuit of them in canoes. They pursued the settlers to Big Lick, now in Cooper county, where, being closely pressed, Cole and Davis turned, and each killed an Indian. The Indians then left off pursuit, and the two men reached Cole's fort in safety, to announce to the settlers that they were indeed on thS verge of a long and bloody war. From there the melancholy tidings were conveyed to the other forts, and filled the hearts of the settlers with dismay, as they considered how few of them there were, to withstand the attacks of the whole of the Indian nations living around them. In July, 1812, some Quapa Indians, disguised as Sauks and Foxes, killed a man named Campbell — commonly called "Potter," from his trade — about five miles northwest of Boonville, in Howard county, under the following circumstances : He and a man named Adam McCord, went from Kincaid's fort to Campbell's home, at the above mentioned place, to tie some flax, which they had been forced to leave longer than they wished, through fear of an attack by the Indians. While they were at work they discovered moccasin tracks around the farm, as though a party of Indians were watching them and seeking a favorable opportunity to slay them. So they started around to see if they had injured anything. While they were seai-ching for them, the savages, who were concealed in some underbrush, fired upon the party, and shot Campbell through the body, killing him almost instantly, but he ran about one hundred yards, climbed a fence, and fell into the top of a tree which had blown down, and the Indians, though they hunted for his body, never succeeded in finding it. Adam McCord escaped without injury, and going to the fort, reported the death of Campbell, and the circum- stances under which he was killed. Immediately upon his arrival, Colonel Benjamin Cooper and General Dodge, with a company of about five hundred men, composed of frontiersmen and regular soldiers, started in pursuit of the Indians, who numbered one hundred and eighty. The Indians, not being able £ HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 103 I to re-cross the river, threw up breastworks in order to repel the attack of the soldiers. When Cooper and Dodge appeared before the intrenchments, the Indians, after some parley, surrendered themselves as prisoners of war. After the Indians had surrendered, Colonel Cooper and General Dodge had their memorable quarrel in regard to the disposal of the prisoners. Colonel Cooper insisted, that although they had surren- dered as prisoners of war, they, as the murderers of Campbell, were not entitled to protection, and, in accordance with a long established custom of the western country, they should all be hung. But Gen- eral Dodge insisted that as they had surrendered to him, he, being the superior officer, they were entitled to his protection. So fiercely did they quarrel, that at one time the two forces (Cooper commanded the frontiersmen and Dodge the regulars) came very near having a fight in order to settle the controversy. Finally a peaceful disposi- tion of .the matter was made, by General Dodge being permitted to take the prisoners to St. Louis. In the spring of 1813, not having seen any signs of Indians for about three months, and being desirous of raising crops during that year, as they had failed the year before, many of the settlers returned to their farms, but in order to be advised of the approach of an en- emy, they stationed a guard at each corner of the field in which they were at work. During the following two or three years they were kept continu- ally on the watch against the savages, for every month or two, some , small band of Indians would suddenly attack and slay some unsus- pecting settler, who had for the moment forgotten his usual caution, or who, feeling secure from attack because the Indians had not ap- peared for some time, suffered this severe penalty for his negligence. The Indians, never after this, marched a large band against these set- t tlements, but came in small scouting parties, the members of which had only sufficient courage to shoot down some unsuspecting man, or murder unprotected women and children. They never, except in overwhelming numbers, and then very seldom, made an open attack upon even a lone farm-house, but stealing up in the darkness of the night, they would set fire to the house, and slay the inmates as they rushed from their burning dwelling ; or as in the case of the killing ot Sarshall Cooper, shoot the dreaded enemy of their race as he sat in the midst of his family. Is it any wonder, in view of these facts, that when an Indian was captured, it was not many minutes before his lifeless body would be 104 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. hanging from the nearest bough ? After all their treachery, woe to the savage who fell into the vengeful hands of the settlers, for they would make short work of him ; and they knew they were justified in doing this, for they acted only in self-defence. Braxton Cooper, Jr., was killed two miles northeast of the pres- ent site of New Franklin, in September, 1813. The Indians attacked him as he was cutting logs to build a house. As he was well armed and a very courageous man, they had a long struggle before the In- dians succeeded in killing him. The broken bushes and marks upon the ground showed that the struggle had been very fierce. The set- tlers who first arrived to take away the body of Cooper, found an In- dian's shirt which had two bullet holes in the breast of it, but whether the Indian died they never knew. They followed the trail of the In- dians for a short distance, but soon lost it, and were forced to abandon the pursuit. Joseph Still was killed on the Chariton river, in October, 1813, but the circumstances attending his killing are unknown. William McLane was killed by the Indians near the present site of Fayette, in October, 1813, under the following circumstances: He, Ewing McLane, and four other men, went from McLane' s fort to select a piece of land on which some one of them expected to settle. When they arrived at a short distance southwest of the present site of Fayette they were attacked by a band of about one hundred and fifty Indians. As soon as McLane and his companions saw them, they retreated towards the fort, and just as they were ascending a slant from a long, deep ravine leading to Moniteau creek, the In- dians fired a volley at them. One shot struck William McLane in the back of the head, and he dropped dead from his horse. After satisfying themselves that he was dead, his remaining companions left his body and continued their retreat to the fort, which they reached in safety. The Indians scalped McLane, cut out his heart, and literally hacked him to pieces. As soon as possible a large party of settlers started out to recover his body, and, if possible, to avenge his death; but they found that the Indians had retreated, and left no trace of the di- rection which they had taken. From the cleared place around the body, and the beaten appearance of the earth near, it was supposed that the Indians had, in accordance with their custom, danced their "war dance" there to celebrate their victory. After getting the body they returned sorrowfully to the fort. Of the many murders committed during the war, none excited so much feeling or caused such a cry of vengeance in the hearts of the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 105 frontiersmen as the tragic death of Captain Sarshall Cooper, who was the acknowledged leader of the settlers north of the Missouri river. On a dark and stormy night on the 14th day of April, 1814, as Cap- tain Cooper was sitting by his fireside with his family, his youngest child upon his lap, the others playing at different games around the room, and his wife sitting by his side sewing, an Indian warrior crept up to the side of his cabin and picked a hole between the logs just sufficient to admit the muzzle of his gun, the noise of his work being drowned by the storm without. He shot Captain Cooper, who fell from his chair to the floor, among his horror stricken family, a lifeless corpse. His powers and skill were well known to the Indians whom he had often foiled. He was kind and generous to his neighbors, whom he was always ready to assist in any of their undertakings. Therefore, his loss was deeply felt by the settlers, whose homes he had defended and whose prosperity was due largely to his advice and counsel. Joseph Cooper, in his letter to Colonel Newton G. Elliott, ' in January, 1874, in speaking of the death of Captain Cooper, his father, said: "We had taken a keel boat from some Frenchmen, who were attempting to take it up the river loaded with whiskey, powder and lead for the Indians. We first stopped them and ordered them back ; keeping watch the next night and the night following, we caught them in a second attempt to pass up the river, and took the boat from them. I think one of this party killed my father. We kept the keel boat and its cargo untouched for two or three years, until peace had been made, and no one applied for it." A negro man named Joe, belonging to Samuel Brown, of Howard county, was killed by the Indians near Mr. Burckhartt's farm , about three-fourths of a mile east of Estill station, on the Missouri, Kansas . and Texas railroad. The above embraces all the names of the men, of whom we have any record, who were killed in the Boone's Lick country during the f Indian war from 1812 to 1815. The peculiar atrocities attending the .killing of some of them, make the stoutest shudder. But these I atrocities were so common in those days that the settlers did not fear to remain here, although they knew these things might happen to them at any time. PEACE. For three long years, had the settler's lives been a constant vigil. Their savage foes were crafty and heartless, and they knew I that any remissness of duty upon their part would result in the in- 106 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. stantaneous slaughter of themselves, their wives, and their little ones. This beautiful country to which, they had come, was soon, however,' to be put under tribute to the plow and the harrow, and the soft wings of peace were to again overshadow it. Indeed, peace had al- ready been declared, and they had entered upon the enjoyment of that delightful era of which the poet speaks — The trumpets sleep, while cheerful horns are blown, And arms employed on birds and beasts alone. CHAPTER III. Territorial Laws — Districts and Counties — Organization of Howard County — Boundary — Counties which have been taken from Howard — Its Original Area — Gen. Benj. Howard — Settlers Executed their own Laws — First Circuit Court — Grand Jury — Attorneys — First Licensed Ferry — First Licensed Tavern — First Road — Indictments — Elections — Incidents — Kate of Taxation — Early Suit — First Recorded Deed — First Marriages — Old Franklin — -Location of County Seat — Land Office — Memoirs of Dr. Peck — The First Newspaper — Arrival of the First Steamboat — Newspaper Comments — Dinner and Toasts — First County Court. TERRITORIAL LAWS. The territorial laws were not extended over this part of the country until the year 1816. Until this time, they had no government or laws except such as they themselves made for their own protection, and which, of course, had no effect outside of the boundaries of their narrow territory. With them, the single distinction was between right and wrong, and they had no medium ground. As the result shows, they really needed no laws or executive officers, for it is a well known fact, that during the early period of this settlement there were no serious crimes committed within its limits. As the men each depended upon the other, and knew that in time of attack by the Indians their only safety lay in union, each endeavored to preserve the good will of his neighbor, and, as the best way to obtain the good wishes and assistance of a man, is to act honestly and friendly with him, each did this, and in this way they needed no law, except their own judgments. During the early period of the colony they never had any occasion to punish any one under their law, which was an unwritten one. Although 'tis true, some few crimes were committed, (the nature of man has not entirely changed since then), yet they were uniformly of such a trivial character, as hardly to be worthy to be classed as crimes. Another reason of the almost entire freedom from crime, was the certainty of punishment. Then there were no " legal technicalities " by which a prisoner could escape. No sooner was the criminal caught and his guilt established — no matter what his crime — than the law- makers took the matter into their own hands, and hung him to the nearest tree. 108 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. DISTRICTS AND COUNTIES ORGANIZATION OF HOWARD COUNTY. t From 1804, until October 1, 1812, the territory of Missouri was divided into four districts. At that date (October 1, 1812) Governor Clark issued a proclamation, in accordance with an act of Congress requiring him to do so, reorganizing the four districts into the five following counties : St. Charles, St. Louis, St. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau and New Madrid. In 1813, the county of Washington was created', from a part of St. Genevieve. In 1814, the county of Arkansas was formed, and during the winter of 1814 and 1815, the county of Lawrence was organized from the western portion of New Madrid. Under an act of tne general assembly, approved January 13, 1816, the county of Howard was created, being the ninth organized county in the territory, and was taken out of the counties of St. Louis and St. Charles. Its boundaries when created, were established as follows: " Be- ginning at the mouth of the Osage river, which is about ten miles below the city of Jefferson and opposite to the village of Barkesrville in Callawajr county ; the boundary pursued the circuitous course of said stream to the Osage boundary line, meaning thereby the eastern boundary of the Osage Indian territory, or to the northeast corner of Vernon county, where the Osage river, two miles east of the present town of Schell City, runs near said corner ; thence north (along the western line of St. Clair, Henry, Johnson and Lafayette counties), to the Missouri river, striking that stream west of and very near Napoleon ; thence up said river to the mouth of the Kansas river (where Kansas City is now located), thence with the Indian boundary line (as desribed in the proclamation of Gov. William Clark issued the 9th day of March, 1815,) northwardly along the eastern boundary of the " Platte purchase " 140 miles, or to a point about thirty-six miles north and within the present county of Adams, in the state of Iowa, near the town of Corning in said county, on thfc Burlington and Missouri river railroad ; thence eastward with the said line to the main dividing ridge of high ground, to the main fork of the river Cedar (which is the line between Boone and Calla- way counties in Missouri) ; thence down said river to the Missouri; thence down the river Missouri and in the middle of the main channel thereof, to the mouth of the Great Osage river, the place of begin- ning:." HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 109 Iii order that the reader may have a more definite idea of the area of Howard county when originally organized, we will name the counties which have since been taken from its territoiy, and which were at first a part of Howard : — Boone, Cole, north part of Miller, Morgan, north parts of Benton and St. Clair, Henry, Johnson, Lafayette, Pettis, Cooper, Moniteau, Saline, Clay, Clinton, DeKalb., Gentry, Worth, Harrison, Daviess, Caldwell, Kay, Carroll, Livingston, Grundy, Mercer, Putnam, Sullivan, Linn, Chariton, Randolph, Macon, Adair, and possibly parts of Shelby, Monroe and Audrain; also the following counties in Iowa : parts of Taylor and Adams, Union, Ring- gold, Clarke, Decatur and Wayne, and probably parts of Lucas, Monroe and Appanoose. Although we have named the counties and parts of counties, which originally constituted Howard county, yet a still more perfect idea of its extent, may be formed, when we say that it was an em- pire, presenting an area of nearly 22,000 square miles. It was one third as large as the present State of Missouri and larger than Ver- mont, Massachusetts, Delaware and Rhode Island. Missouri, at that time, had not been admitted into the sisterhood of states. The most prominent denizens who inhabited this vast empire, out of which Howard county was erected, were the buffalo, the antelope, the elk, the deer, and the scarcely less wild Indian, who continued to occupy some portions of it for many years thereafter. By an act of the legislature, approved Februaryl6, 1825, Howard county was reduced to its present limits, its boundary being defined as follows : " Beginning in the middle of the main channel of the Missouri river, opposite the mouth of Monitau creek ; thence up said creek to the line between townships 48 and 49 ; thence in a direct line to the northeast corner of township 51, of range 14, west ; thence in a direct line to a point one and a half miles west of the northeast corner of township 52, of range 17, west; thence in a direct line to a point in the middle of the main channel of the Missouri river, where the line between sections 17, and 20, township 51, range 17, west, intersects the same, and thence down the same, in the middle of the main channel thereof (varying, however, if necessary, so as to include the first island below the city of Boonville) to place of beginning. The area of the county having been reduced from 22,000 to 463 square miles, it would seem to the casual reader that it had been shorn of much of its power and influence, and that its preseut limits were too insignificant to furnish materials for the compilation of an 9 110 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. important history. It must be remembered, however, that the most noted events in ancient or modern times transpired within the smallest territorial compass. It must also be borne in mind, that sixty-seven years have passed since Howard county began its political existence, affording, therefore, ample time in which to make a history and leave to busy chroniclers an abundant harvest of facts and incidents. SETTLERS EXECUTED THEIR OWN LAWS. Previous to January 23, 1816, the settlers of this part of the coun- try had made their own laws and executed them rigorously when oc- casion demanded, which was very seldom. Although the eastern portion of the State had been organized into counties, and the terri- torial laws, by means of the territorial courts, had been extended over them, still the "Boone's Lick country" had not been sufficiently settled to justify its organization and the expense of holding terms of court within its limits. But even during the war with the Indians the country adjacent to the forts was settled very rapidly, although few ventured to locate, ex- cept near enough to reach the fort at the first approach of danger. So that, at the time of the organization of Howard county, it con- tained a considerable number of settlers, although they lived in what was then called " neighborhoods," so as to be of protection to one another in times of danger from their savage foes. FIRST CIRCUIT COURT. The first circuit court of Howard county was held at the house of Joseph Jolly, in Hannah Cole's fort, in what is now known as Cooper county, on the 8th day of July, 1816. Hon. David Barton was the presiding judge, Nicholas T. Burckhartt the sheriff, and Gray Bynum. clerk. The following named persons composed the first GRAND JURY. Stephen Jackson, foreman, George Tompkins, Adam Woods, Sr. , Isaac Drake, Asaph Hubbard, Wm. Anderson, John Pusley, Samuel Brown, Robert Wilds, Ezekiel Williams, Davis Todd, Wm. Monroe, Jr., Wm. Brown, John O'Banon, Robert Brown, James Alexander, John Snethan, Muke Box. HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Ill The attorneys in attendance were Edward Bates, Chas. Lucas, Joshua Barton and Lucius Easton. FIRST LICENSED FERRY. The first regularly established ferry by law in the county was kept by Hannah Cole, who obtained a license at this term of the court. The charges fixed by the court as ferriage were as follows : — For man and horse . . . . . $ .50 Foot passengers, each . . . ... .25 Single horse and cattle, per head . . . . .25 Each hog, sheep, goat or other four-footed animal . . .12 Vi All other articles, per 100 pounds .... .06 Vi Each loaded wagon and team of four horses or more, deduct- ing 25c for each horse under four .... 4.00 For each empty wagon and team of four horses, deducting 25c for each horse under four ..... 3.00 Each loaded cart and team . . . . . .2.00 Empty cart and team . . . . . . .1.00 Sleds, sleighs and two-wheeled pleasure carriages, exclusive of horse . . . . , . . . . .75 Four-wheel pleasure carriage, exclusive of horse . . 1.00 The first licensed tavern was kept by Harper C. Davis, in Kin- caid fort. FIRST ROAD. The first road laid out by authority of the court in the county was a route from Cole's fort, on the Missouri river, to intersect the road from Potosi, in Washington county, at the Osage river. Stephen Cole, James Cole and Humphrey Gibson were appointed viewers to make this road. INDICTMENTS. The two first bills (criminal actions) returned by the grand jury were " United States vs. Samuel Herrall," " United States vs. James Cockrell," indorsed " A true bill." ELECTIONS. The first elections held in the county were held at Head's fort r McLain's fort, Fort Cooper and Cole's fort. The first civil action was styled " Davis Todd vs. Joseph Boggs." INCIDENT. During this term of court Maj. Stephen Cole was fined by Judge 112 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Barton for profane swearing in the presence of the court. Cole objected to paying the fine, but, supposing that he would be able to retaliate sometime in the future, at last paid it. And his time for retaliation came sooner than he expected. That afternoon Cole, who was a jnstice of the peace, organized his court on a log in front of the fort. As Judge Barton was returning from dinner, he stopped in front of Cole and leaned against a tree, watching the proceedings of the justice, and smoking his pipe. Cole looked up and, assuming the stern look of insulted dignity, said : " Judge Barton, I fine you one dollar for contempt of my court, for smoking in its presence." Judge Barton smilingly paid his fine and went to open his own court, acknowledging that he had been beaten at his own game. RATE OF TAXATION. The following order made by the circuit court in 1816, shows the rate of taxation at that time : — " Ordered by the court that the following rates of taxation for county purposes for the year 1816 be established in the county of Howard, to wit : On each horse, mare, mule or ass above 3 years old . . . .25 On all neat cattle above 3 years old 06 V4 On each and every stud-horse, the sum for which he stands the season 06 V4 On every negro or mulatto slave between the ages of 16 and 45 years 50 For each billiard-table ' $25.00 On every able-bodied single man of 21 years old or upwards not being possessed of property of the value of $200 . .50 On water, grist-mills, and saw-mills, horse-mills, tan-yards and distilleries in actual operation 40 cents on every $100 valuation." EARLY SUIT. Among the early suits we find the following, which we copy, be- cause of the peculiar and ancient contract upon which the suit was instituted : — Wesley G. Martin } vs. C In debt. Ezekiel Williams, Braxton Cooper and Morris May. } The defendant, by M. McGirk, their attorney, comes into court and defends the wrong and injury, and craves oyer of the said writ- ing obligatory mentioned in the said plaintiff's declaration, which was read to them in the following words, to- wit: "July 24th, 1814. "On our arrival at the post of Arkansas, we, or either of us, " promise to pay, or cause to be paid unto Fraceway Licklier or his HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 113 " assigns, the just and full sum of three hundred dollars, it being for " his services to the above place, as witness our hands and seals. Ezekiel Williams, [seal.] Braxton Cooper, [seal.] Morris May." [seal.] first deed recorded. The following was the first deed placed on record in Howard county : — Know all men by these presents that I, Joseph Marie, of the county and town of St. Charles, and territory of Missouri, have this day given, granted, bargained, sold and possession delivered unto Asa Morgan, of the county of Howard, and territory aforesaid, all the right, title, claim, interest, and property that I the said Joseph Marie have or may possess or am in anywise legally or equitably en- titled to in a certain settlement right on the north side of the Mis- souri river, in the aforesaid county of Howard, near a certain place known and called by the name of Eagle's Nest, and lying about one mile, a little west of south from Kincaid's Fort, in the said county of Howard, which said settlement was made by me sometime in the year 1800, for and consideration of value by me received, the receipt whereof, is hereby acknowledged, and him the said Asa Morgan for- ever discharged and acquitted. And I do by these presents, sell, transfer, convey and quit-claim to the aforesaid Asa Morgan all the claims and interest which I might be entitled to either in law or equity from the aforesaid improvement or settlement right, together with all and singular, all the appurtenances unto the same belonging, or in anywise appertaining to have and to hold free from me, or any person claiming by or through me. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the 13th day of April, 1816. Jh. Marie, [seal.] Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of Urh. I. Devore, A. Wilson. •second deed. " To all to whom these presence shall come greeting : — Know ye that we, Risdon H. Price, and Mar} r , his wife, both of the town and county of St. Louis, and territory of Missouri, for and in considera- tion of the sum of four thousand eight hundred dollars, lawful money of the United States to us in hand before the delivery of these presents well and fully paid by Elias Eector, of the same place, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged and thereof, we do hereby acquit and discharge the said Elias Eector, his heirs and assigns forever. Have given, granted, bargained, and sold, and do hereby give, grant, bar- gain, and sell unto the said Elias Rector, his heirs and assigns forever, subject to the conditions hereinafter expressed, one certain tract and parcel of land, containing one thousand six hundred arpens, situate in the county of Howard, in the territory of Missouri, granted origin- 114 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ally by the late Lieutenant-Governor Charles Dehault Delassus.to one Ira Nash, on the 18th day of January, 1800, surveyed the 26th day of January, 1804, and certified on the 15th day of February, of the same year, reference being had to the record of said claim in the office of the recorder of land titles for the territory of Missouri, for the con- cession and forthe boundaries thereof as set forth in and upon the said certificate or plat of survey thereof will more fully, certainly and at large appear, and which said survey is hereto annexed and makes part and parcel of this deed, and being the same tract of land which the said Eisdon H. Price claims as assigned of the sheriff of the county of St. Charles, who sold the same as the property of said Ira Nash, as by deed thereof dated the 5th day of October, 1815, reference thereto being had will more fully and at large appear. To have the said granted aud bargained premises with the appur- tenances and privileges thereon, and thereunto belonging unto him, the said Elias Rector, his heirs aud assigns forever. And it is hereby declared to be the agreement, understanding and intention of the parties aforesaid, that should the said tract of laud be finally rejected by the United States within three 3rears from this date, or should the same not be sanctioned and confirmed by the government of the United States, at or before the period last mentioned, or in case the said Elias Rector, his heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns shall by due process and judgment at law, be evicted, dispossessed and definitely deprived of said tract of land, then and in that case, the said Risdon H. Price, his heirs, executors, or administrators, shall only pay or cause to be paid to the said Elias Rector, his heirs, executors, adminis- trators or assigns, the said sum of four thousand eight hundred dollars, lawful money of the United States, with the lawful interest thereon, at the rate of six per centum per annum, from the date of this deed, until the time of such rejection, not being sanctioned as aforesaid, or until such eviction as aforesaid, with the legal costs upon such suit or suits at law, and which shall be in full of all damages under any cov- enants in this dead, and if such claim shall be rejected as aforesaid or not confirmed as aforesaid, or in case the said Elias Rector, his heirs, executors, or assigns, shall be evicted therefrom as aforesaid, that then, and in either of these cases, the said Elias Rector, his heirs, executors or assigns, shall by proper deed of release and quit-claim, transfer to said Risdon H, Price, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, the claim of said Elias Rector, his heirs, executors and assigns to the said premises at the time of receiving the said consid- eration money, interest, and costs aforesaid. In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals, this 22d day of June, 1816. Risdon H. Price, [seal.] MaryG. Price, [seal.] Elias Rector. [seal.] Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of Jerh. Connor, M. P- Leduc." The above deed was acknowledged before Mary Philip Leduc, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 115 clerk of the circuit court within and for the county of St. Louis. It is quite an ancient deed and quite a lengthy one, and the old Spanish phraseology is used — the wordarpents in the description of the laud. FIRST MARRIAGES. Below will be found verbatim copies of some of the earliest cer- tificates of marriages that occurred in Howard county. In the names of the parties assuming the marital relations, some one or more of our readers, may recognize their maternal or paternal ancestors: — Territory of Missouri, ) , .. County of Howard. S Be it remembered to all whom it may concern, that on the 10th day of May, 1816, by virtue of the power and authority vested in me by law, a preacher of the gospel, etc., I joined in the holy state of matrimony Judiah Osmon and Rosella Busby, of the said territory and county, as man and wife. Witness my hand, this 3d day of July 1816. William Thorp. I hereby certify, that on the second day of June last passed, I celebrated the rights of matrimony between John Cooley and Eliza- beth White, both of the county of Howard and territory of Missouri. Given under my hand, this tenth day of June, 1816. James Alcorn. J. P. I do hereby certify, than on the 27th day of March last, I cele- brated the rights of matrimony between Elijah Creason and Elizabeth Lowell, both of the county of Howard and territory of Missouri. Given under my hand, this 12th day of April, 1816. James Alcorn, J. P. Territory of Missouri, > . .. Howard County. 5 Be it known, to whom it may concern, that on the 26th of April, 1816, by virtue of the power and authority vested in me by law, a preacher of the Gospel, I joined in the holy state of matrimony Abra- ham Barnes, and Gracy Jones of the said territory and county, as man and wife, satisfactory proof having been given of the legal notice as requested by law and parents' consent obtained. Witness my hand, the 2 2d of April 1816. David McClain. The marriages above mentioned occurred sixty-seven years ago. In those primitive days, among the early settlers, marriages were the result of love. There was not only a union of hands, but a union 116 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. of hearts. The pioneer maiden made the faithful wife, and the sturdy backwoodsman the fond and trusted husband. Prom that day forth, in peace and joyous bliss, They lived together long without debate ; Nor private jars, nor spite of enemies, Could shake the safe assurance of their state. Eleven marriage certificates were recorded in the year 1816. One hundered and sixty-two marriages were recorded in 1882. OLD FRANKLIN LOCATION OF COUNTY SEAT. The town of Old Franklin was laid off opposite the present site of Boonville, in " Cooper's bottom," in the fall of 1816. It was lo- cated on a tract containing 100 acres. Benjamin Estill, David Jones, David Kincaid, William Head, aud Stephen Cole were appointed com- missioners to locate the county seat, which was first located at Hannah Cole's fort, as stated above. On June 16, 1817, the commissioners settled upon Old Franklin as the most suitable place for the location of the county seat, and to that place the records, documents, etc., were removed on the second Monday in November, 1817, the court being opened by the sheriff on that day at 2 o'clock p. m. The land office for the district of Missouri was located at Old Franklin in 1818. Gen. Thomas A. Smith was appointed receiver and Charles Carroll register. The land sales occurred in the same year, November 18, 1818. The crowd in attendance upon these sales was said to have numbered thousands of well-dressed and intelligent men from all parts of the east and south. MEMOIRS OF DR. PECK. Wishing to give our readers the benefit of all the facts we have collated, in reference to that early period (1818 and 1819) in the his- tory of Howard county, we here insert some extracts from the memoirs of James M. Peck, D. D., a pioneer Baptist minister who visited this portion of the Missouri territory at the period mentioned. What he says was written from his personal observation, and is therefore not only reliable but deeply interesting : — * * * On Monday, December 22, 1818, I rode through the coun- try to Franklin, found a Baptist family by the name of Wiseman, where I had been directed to call. A hasty "appointment was circu- lated, and I preached to a roomful of people. Franklin is a village of seventy families. It is situated on the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 117 left bank of the Missouri, and on the border of an extensive tract of rich, alluvial bottom land, covered with a heavy forest, except where the axe and fires had destroyed the undergrowth, "deadened" the timber, and prepared the fields for the largest crops of corn. If any one wishes to find the site of this flourishing towu, as it then appeared to promise, he must examine the bed of the river di- rectly opposite Boonville. Repeated floods, many years since, drove the inhabitants to the bluff, with such of their houses as could be re- moved, where New Franklin now stands. At the period of our visit no town west of St. Louis gave better promise for rapid growth than Franklin. There was no church formed in the village, but I found fourteen Baptists there. The country on the north side of the Missouri, above the Cedar, a small stream on the western border of the present county of Callaway, was known as Boone's Lick from an early period. Also under the same cognomen was the county designated on the south side and west of the Osage river. The particular salt- lick to which this appellation was first given was ten ,or twelve miles above Old Franklin, and about two miles back from the river. Tradition told that this spot, in a secluded place among the bluffs, was occupied by the old pioneer, the veritable Daniel Boone, for his hunting camp. But the name came from the late Maj. Nathan Boone, who in company with the Messrs. Morrisons, of St. Charles, manufactured salt at the spring in 1806-7. About the same time a settlement was made on the Loutre and on Loutre Island. This settlement, except Gate Sans Dessein, was the veritable " far west " until 1810. During the spring of 1810 several families from Loutre settle- ment, and a large number then recently from Kentucky, moved westward and planted themselves in the Boone's Lick country, then reported as the El Dorado of all new counties. Off from the river bottoms the land was undulating, the prairies small, the soil rich, and the timber in variety and of a fine quality. Deer, bears, elk, and other game were in abundance, and furnished pro- visions, and, in many instances, clothing, until the people could raise crops. There were in all about one hundred and fifty families that came into the Boone's Lick country in 1810-11, when the Indian war stopped further immigration until 1815 or 1816. Twelve families settled on the south side of the river, not far from the present site of Boonville, and several more formed a settlement south of the Missouri, some ten or fifteen miles above Old Franklin. Amongst the emigrants, both from Loutre and Kentucky, were not afew Baptist families and two or three preachers. A church had been organized in the Loutre settlement, a majority of which, with their, church records, were amongst the emigrants, and became re- organized, and I think took the name of Mount Zion. Soon the hostile Indians broke into these remote frontier settle- ments. It was in July, 1810, that a hostile band of Pottawatomies 118 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPEE COUNTIES. came stealthily into the settlement on the Loutre, nearly opposite the mouth of the Gasconade river, and stole a number of horses. A volunteer company was raised, consisting of Stephen Cole, ffm. T. Cole, Messrs. Brown, Gooch, Patton and one other person, to follow them. They followed the trail across Grand prairie to Boone Lick, a branch of Salt river, where they discovered eight Indians who threw off their packs of plunder and scattered in the woods. Night coming on, the party disregarded the advice of their leader, Stephen Cole, an experienced man with Indians. He advised setting a guard, but the majority exclaimed against it, and cried " cowardice." About midnight the Indian yell and the death- dealing bullet aroused them from sleep. Stephen Cole had taken his station at the foot of a tree, and if he slept it was with one eye open. He killed four Indians and wounded the fifth, though severely wounded himself. Wm. T. Cole, his brother, was killed at the com- mencement of the fight, with two other persons. Next morning the survivors reached the settlement and told the dreadful tidings, and a party returned to the spot, buried the dead, but found the Indians gone. This was the first of a series of depredations, murders and robber- ies in these remote settlements that continued five years. The dis- trict of St. Charles had the Cedar for its western boundary. The Boone's Lick country was not recognized as within the organized ter- ritory of Missouri. The people were " a law unto themselves." and had to do their own fighting. Every male inhabitant of the settle- ment, who was capable of bearing arms, enrolled and equipped him- self for defence. Each one pledged himself to fight, to labor on the forts, to go on scouting expeditions, or to raise corn for the commu- nity, as danger or necessity required. By the common consent of all these volunteer parties, Col. Benjamin Cooper, a Baptist from Madison county, Ky., was chosen commander-in-chief. Col. Cooper was one ofKentucky's noblest pioneers. He had also been a prominent man in the war with Indians in that district, pos- sessed real courage, cool and deliberate, with great skill and sagacity in judgment. He had also been an efficient man in the affairs of civil and political life, and a man of firmness and correctness as a member of the church. Among the principal officers who occupied subaltern positions as the commanders of forts and partisan leaders for detached field ser- vice, were Capt. Sarshall Cooper (a brother of the colonel), William Head and Stephen Cole. To guard against surprise, the people, under the direction of their leader, erected five stockade forts : 1. Cooper's fort was at the residence of the colonel, on a bot- tom prairie. 2. McLain's fort (called Ft. Hempstead afterward) was on the bluff, about one mile from New Franklin. 3. Kincaid's fort was near the river, and about one and a half miles above the site of Old Franklin. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 119 4. Head's fort was on the Moniteau, near the old Boone's Lick trace from St. Charles. 5. Cole's fort was on the south side of the Missouri, about a mile below Boonville. Here the widow of W. T. Cole, who was slain by the Indians on Boone's Lick, with her children, settled soon after the murder of her husband. These forts were a refuge to the families when danger threatened, but the defenders of the country did not reside in them only as threatened danger required. Scouting parties were almost constantly engaged in scouting the woods, in the rear of the settlements, watch- ing for Indian signs, and protecting their stock from depredations. With all their vigilance during the war, about three hundred horses were stolen, many cattle and nearly all their hogs were killed. Bear meat and raccoon bacon became a substitute, and even were en- gaged in contracts for trade. They cultivated the fields nearest to the stockade forts, which could be cultivated in corn with comparative se- curity, but not enough to supply the amount necessary for consump- tion. Parties were detailed to cultivate fields more distant. These were divided into plowmen and sentinels. The one party followed the plows, and the other, with rifles loaded and ready, scouted around the field on every side, stealthily watching lest the wily foe should form an ambuscade. Often the plowman walked over the field, guiding his horses and pulverizing the earth, with his loaded rifle slung at his back. With all these precautions, few men but would tread stealthily along the furrows. As he approached the end of the corn-rows, where the adjacent woodland might conceal an enemy, his anxiety was at its height. When these detachments were in the cornfield, if the enemy threatened the fort, the sound of the horn gave the alarm, and all rushed to the rescue. It was in the autumnal season of corn-gathering that a party of these farming soldiers were hard pressed by a party of savages. A negro servant drove the team with a load of corn. He knew nothing of chariot races among the ancients, but he put the lash on the horses, and drove through the large double gateway without touching either post as had been too often his unlucky habit. The Indians were on the opposite side of the clearing, saw their prey had escaped, raised their accustomed yell, and disappeared in the woods. " Oh, Sam !" said the captain, whose servant he was, "you've saved your scalp this time by accurate and energetic driving." " Yes, massa, I tink so, " at the same time scratching his wool as if he would make sure that the useful appendage was not missing. " De way I done miss dose gate-posts was no red man's business. I never drove trew afore without I hit one side, and sometimes bose of dem," These pioneer Boone's Lick settlers deserve to be known and held in remembrance by the present generation in that populous and 120 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. rich district of the State. I regret exceedingly, now it is too late, that I did not gather many more facts, and record the names of the principal families. They suffered as many privations as any frontier settlement in western history. The men were all heroes and the women heroines, and successfully and skillfully defended their families and the country about three years without the least aid from the na- tional or territorial government. Throughout the war but ten per- sons were killed by Indians in all the settlements about Boone's Lick. Several other persons, besides those already mentioned, were killed in the Loutre settlements and below. Those killed in the Boone's Lick country were Sarshall Cooper, Jonathan Todd, Wm. Campbell, Thomas Smith, Samuel McMahan, Wm. Gregg, John Smith, James Busby, Joseph W. Still, and a negro man. Capt. Sarshall Cooper came to his tragic end at Cooper's fort, where his family resided. It was a dark night ; the wind howled through the forest, and the rain fell in fitful gusts, and the watchful sentinel could not discern an object six feet from the stockade. Capt. Cooper's residence formed one of the angles of the fort. He had previously run up a long account with the red-skins. They dreaded both his strategy and his prowess in Indian warfare. A single brave crept stealthily in the darkness and. storm to the logs of the cabin, and made an opening in the clay between the logs barely sufficient to admit the muzzle of his gun, which he discharged with fatal effect. The assas- sin escaped and left the family and every settler in mourning. Among a large circle of relatives and friends, the impressions of their loss were vivid at the period of our first visit. After nearly three years of hard fighting and severe suffering, congress made provision for raising several companies of' 4 rangers " — men who furnished their own horses, equipments, forage and provi- sions, and received one dollar per day for guarding the frontier set- tlements — when a detachment was sent to the relief of the people of Boone's Lick, under command of Gen. Henry S. Dodge, then major of the battalion. The mounted rangers included the" companies of Capt. John Thompsou, of St. Louis; Capt. Daugherty, of Cape Gir- ardeau, and Capt. Cooper, of the Boone's Lick. An expedition under command of Capt. Edward Hempstead, was sent in boats up the Missouri. In the companies were fifty Delawares and Shawnees, and two hundred and fifty Americans. On the south bank of the Missouri, at a place now known as Miami, was an Indian town of four hundred, including women and children, who had migrated from the Wabash country a few years previous. They were friendly and peaceable ; but bad Indians would report bad tales of them, and Maj. Dodge under instructions, guarded them back to the Wabash country. THE FIRST NEWSPAPER. Scarcely had the pioneers emerged from their forts, wherein they had been immured for three years, before they began in earnest to establish schools and to set up in their midst the printing press. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 121 On the 23d of April, 1819, Nathaniel Patten and Benjamin Holli- day, two enterprising citizens, issued the first number of the Missouri Intelligencer in Franklin. This was the first newspaper published west of St. Louis. A full account of this paper is given in the chapter entitled "The Press." ARRIVAL OF THE FIRST STEAMBOAT. Perhaps one of the greatest events that occurred in the year 1819, in the then brief history of Howard county, was the arrival of the steamer Independence, Capt. John Nelson — the first steamboat that had ever attempted the navigation of the Missouri river. The Independence had been chartered by Col. Elias Hector and others of St. Louis, to ascend the Missouri as high as Chariton, two miles above Glasgow. She left St. Louis, May 15, 1819, and reached Franklin, in Howard county, on May 28. Among the passengers were Col. Elias Eector, Stephen Eector, Capt. Desha, J. C. Mitchell, Dr. Stewart, J. Wanton and Major J. D. Wilcox. Upon the arrival of the Independence, a public dinner was given the passengers and officers. A public meeting was held, of which Asa Morgan, was chosen president and Dr. N. Hutchinson, vice-presi- dent. The Franklin Intelligencer, May 28, 1819, in speaking of that event said : — ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMBOAT. With no ordinary sensations of pride and pleasure, we announce the arrival this morning, at this place, of the elegant steamboat Independence, Captain Nelson, in seven sailing days, (but thirteen from the time of her departure) from St. Louis, with passengers and a cargo of flour, whiskey, sugar, iron, castings, etc., being the first steamboat that ever attempted ascending the Missouri. She was joyfully met by the inhabitants of Franklin, and saluted by the firing of cannon, which was returned by the Independence. The grand desideratum, the important fact, is now ascertained that steamboats can safely navigate the Missouri river. A respectable gentleman, a passenger in the Independence, who has for a number of years traveled the great western waters, informs us that it is his opinion, that with a little precaution in keeping clear ofsandbars, the Missouri may be navigated with as much facility as the Mississippi or Ohio. Missourians may hail this era, from which to date the growing importance of this section of country ; when they view with what facility (by the aid of steam) boats may ascend the turbulent waters of the Missouri, to bring to this part of the country the articles requi- 122 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. site to its supply, and return laden with the various products of this fertile region. At no distant period may we see the industrious cultivator making his way as high as the Yellowstone, and offering to the enterprising merchant and trader a surplus worthy of the fertile banks of the Missouri, yielding wealth to industry and enterprise. f From the Franklin Intelligencer, June 4, 1819.~\ ARRIVAL OF THE INDEPENDENCE PUBLIC DINNER, SPEECHES AND TOASTS. On Friday last, the 28th ult., the citizens of Franklin, with the most lively emotions of pleasure, witnessed the arrival of this beauti- ful boat, owned and commanded by Capt. Nelson, of Louisville. Her approach to the landing was greeted by a Federal salute, accompanied with the acclamations of au admiring crowd, who had assembled on the bank of the river for the purpose of viewing this novel and interesting sight. We may truly regard this event as highly important, not only to the commercial but agricultural interests of the country. The practicability of steamboat navigation, being now clearly demonstrated by experiment, we shall be brought nearer to the Atlantic, West India and European markets, and the abundant resources of our fertile and extensive region will be quickly devel- oped. This interesting section of country, so highly favored by nature, will at no distant period, with the aid of science and en- terprise assume a dignified station amongst the great agricultural states of the west. The enterprise of Capt. Nelson cannot be too highly appreci- ated by the citizens of Missouri. He is the first individual who has attempted the navigation of the Missouri by steam power, a river that has hitherto borne the character of being very difficult and eminently dangerous in its navigation, but we are happy to state that his progress thus far has not been impeded by any acci- dent. Among the passengers were Col. Elias Rector, Mr. Stephen Rector, Capt. Desha, J. C. Mitchell, Esq., Dr. Stewart, Mr. J., Wanton, Maj. J. D. Wilcox. THE DINNER AND TOASTS. The clay after the arrival of the Independence, Capt. Nel- son and the passengers partook of a dinner, given by the citizens of Franklin, in honor of the occasion. After the cloth was re- moved, Capt. Asa Morgan was called to the chair, and Dr. N. Hutchinson acted as vice-president, when the following toasts were drank : — 1st. The Missouri River. — Its last wave will roll the abundant tribute of our region to the Mexican gulf in reference to the auspices of this day. 2d. The- Memory of Robert Fulton. — One of the, most distin- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 123 guished artists of his age'. The Missouri river now bears upon her bosom the first effect of his geuius for steam navigation. 3d. The Memory of Franklin, the Philosopher and States- man. — In anticipation of his country's greatness, he never imagined that a boat at this time would be propelled by steam so far westward, to a town bearing his name, on the Missouri. 4th. Capt. ISTelson. — The proprietor of the steamboat Inde- pendence. The imaginary dangers of the Missouri vanished before his enterprising genius. 5th. Louisville, Franklin and Chariton. — They became neigh- bors by steam navigation. 6th. The Republican Government of the United States. — By facilitating the intercourse between distant points, its benign influ- ence may be diffused over the continent of North America. 7th. The' Policy. — Resulting in the expedition to the Yellowstone. 8th. South America. — May an early day witness the navigation of the Amazon and LaPlata by steam power, under the auspices of an independent government. 9th. International Improvement. — The New York canal, an im- perishable monument of the patriotism and genius of its projector. 10th. The Missouri Territory. — Desirous to be numbered with states on constitutional principles, but determined never to submit to Congressional usurpation. 11th. James Monroe. — President of the United States. 12th. The Purchase of the Floridas. — A hard bargain. 13th. The American Fair. VOLUNTEERS . By Col. Elias Rector. — The memory of my departed friend, Gen. Benjamin Howard ; he was a man of worth. By Gen. Duff Green. — The Union — It is dear to us, but liberty is dearer. By Capt. Nelson — I will ever bear in grateful remembrance the liberality and hospitality of the citizens of Franklin. By Dr. James H.Benson — The territory of Missouri — May she emerge from her present degraded condition. By J. C. Mitchell, Esq. — Gen. T. A. Smith, the Cincinnatus of Missouri. By Major Thompson Douglas. — The citizens of Franklin. Characterized by hospitality and generosity. By Stephen Rector, Esq. — May the Missourians defend their rights, if necessary, even at the expense of blood, against the unprec- edented restriction which was attempted to be imposed on them by the congress of the United States. By L. W. Boggs, Esq. — Major-Gen. Andrew Jackson. By John W. Scudder, Esq. — Our Guests — The passengers who iiucended the Missouri in the Independence ; they have the honor to 124 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. be the first to witness the successful experiment of steam navigation on our noble river. By Benjamin Holliday — The 28th of May, 1819. Franklin will long remember it, and the Independence and her commander will be immortalized in history. By Dr. Dawson — The next Congress — May they be men con- sistent in their construction of the Constitution ; and when they admit new states into the union, be actuated less by a spirit of compromise, than the just rights of the people. By Augustus Storrs, Esq. — The memory of Captain Lawrence, late of the navy — by the conduct of such men, may our national character be formed.' By N. Patton, Jr. — The Missouri territory — Its future pros- perity and greatness cannot be checked by the caprice of a few men in congress, while it possesses a soil of inexhaustible fertility, abun- dant resources, and a body of intelligent, enterprising, independent freemen. By Maj. J. D. Wilcox — The citizens of Missouri — May they never become a member of the union, under the restriction relative to slavery. By Mr. L. W. Jordan — The towns on the Missouri river — May they flourish in commerce, and, like those on the Ohio and Missis- sippi, witness the daily arrival or departure of some steamboat, ascending or descending this majestic stream. By Mr. J. B. Howard — Robert Fulton — May his name and the effects of his genius, be transmitted to the latest posterity. By Dr. J. J. Lowry — (After the president had retired) — The president of the day. By Maj. R. Gentry — (After the vice-president had retired) The vice-president of the day. The Independence continued her voyage to Chariton. THE SECO±\JL> STEAMBOAT. The government of the United States projected the celebrated Yellowstone expedition in 1818, the objects of which were to ascer- tain whether the Missouri river was navigable by steamboats, and to establish a line of forts from its .mouth to the Yellowstone. This expedition started from Plattsburg, New York, in 1818, under com- mand of Colonel Henry Atkinson. General Nathan Ranney, a well known citizen of St. Louis, was an attache of this expedition, also Captain Win. D. Hnbbell now a citizen of Columbia. It arrived :it Pittsburg in the spring of 1819, where Colonel Stephen H. Long, of the topographical engineers of the United States army, had con- structed the Western Engineer, a small steamboat to be used by him and his scientific corps in pioneering the expedition to the mouth HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 125 of the Yellowstone. The vessel reached St. Louis, June 9, 1819, and proceeding on the voyage, arrived at Franklin, July 13, same year. The following gentlemen were on board: Major S. H. Long, com- mander; Major Thomas Biddle (who was killed August 27, 1831, in a duel with Spencer Pettis, on Bloody Island, and after whom, Biddle street, St. Louis, was named) ; Lieutenants Graham and Swift, Major Benj. O'Fallon, Indian agent; Mr. Daugherty, assistant agent and interpreter ; Dr. Wm. Baldwin, botanist;* Thomas Say, zoolo- gist; Mr. Jessup, geologist; Mr. Seymore, landscape painter; and Mr. Peale, assistant naturalist. On Monday, July 19, the vessel proceeded on its voyage up the Missouri and reached Council Bluffs on the 17th of September, where it remained for the winter. Owing to the peculiar construction of the Western Engineer, as well as to the fact that a water craft of any kind, and especially one propelled by steam, was a novel spectacle, its progress up the river excited the greatest wonder among the Indians, many of whom nocked to the river banks to see it, while others fled in fear to the forests or prairies, thinking it an evil spirit, a very devil with serpent's head, and breath of fire and steam. The St. Louis Enquirer, of June 16, 1819, contains this description of it : — THE STEAMER WESTERN ENGINEER. The bow of the vessel exhibits the form of a huge serpent, black and scaly, rising out of the water from under the boat, his head as high as the deck, darted forward, his mouth open, vomiting smoke, and apparently carrying the boat on his back. From under the boat, at its stern issues a stream of foaming water, dashing violently along. All the machinery is hid. Three small brass field pieces, mounted on wheel carriages, stand on the deck ; the boat is ascending the rapid stream at the rate of three miles an hour. Neither wind, nor human hands are seen to help her ; and to the eye of ignorance the illusion is complete, that a monster of the deep carries her on his back smoking with fatigue, and lashing the waves with violent exertion. ADDITIONAL MAIL FACILITIES. During the first ten years of the settlement of the Boone's Lick country, there were scarcely any mail facilities and in fact, there was not a post-oflice within the present limits of Howard county, until in 1821. The news was carried by the traveller or * Owing to illness Dr. Baldwin abandoned the expedition at Franklin, and died, there, September 1, 1819. 10 126 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. special courier, from one settlement to another, but sometimes weeks and months would intervene before the pioneers could hear from their former homes or from their more immediate neighbors. It was with great pleasure, that the Intelligencer, of April 23, 1819, announced the following hit of news : — It is contemplated, we understand, shortly to commence running a stage from St. Louis to Franklin. Such an undertaking, would, no doubt, liberally renumerate the enterprising and meritorious indi- viduals engaged, and be of immense benefit to the public, who would, doubtless, prefer this to any other mode of travelling. A stage has been running from St. Louis to St. Charles three times a week for several months past. Another from the town of Illinois (now East St. Louis), to Edwardsville ; a line from Edwardsville to Vincennes, we understand is in contemplation. It will then only remain to have it continued from Vincennes to Louisville. When .these lines shall have gone into operation, a direct communication by stage will then be opened from the Atlantic States to Boone's Lick, on the Missouri. IMMIGRATION. In 1819, immigrants began to come in large numbers. They came in wagons, in carriages, in pirogues, and finally on every puffing steamer that ascended the turbid waters of the Missouri. Embryo settlements had been made along the banks of the mighty river from St. Charles to Glasgow. This portion of Missouri, had already been seen by the immigrant. Favorable reports had been made of its great beauty, its fertile hills and valleys, its bountiful supply of timber, its perennial springs and numerous water courses. It was not only a new country, but its forests abounded with game, and its streams teemed with choicest fishes. Here were found : The bright eyed perch, with fins of various dye ; The silver eel, in shining volumes roll'd; The yellow carp, in scales bedropt with gold ; Swift trouts, diversified with crimson stains, And pikes, the tyrants of the watery plains. The Franklin Intelligencer of November 19, 1819, in speaking of the subject of immigration said : — The immigration to this territory, and particularly to this county, during the present season, almost exceeds belief. Those who have arrived in this quarter are principally from Kentucky, Tennessee, etc. Immense numbers of wagons, carriages, carts, etc. , with families, have for some time past, been daily arriving. During the month of October, it is stated, that no less than 271 wagons and four-wheeled HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 127 carriages, and fifty-five two-wheeled carriages and carts passed near St. Charles, bound principally for Boone's Lick. It is calculated that the number of persons accompanying these wagons, etc., could not be less than 3,000. It is stated in the St. Louis Enquirer, of the 10th inst., that about twenty wagons, etc., per week, had passed through St. Charles for the last nine or ten weeks, with wealthy and respectable immigrants from various states, whose united numbers are supposed to amount to 12,000. The county of Howard, already respectable in number, will soon possess a vast population, and no section of our country presents a fairer prospect to the immigrant. FIRST COUNTY COURT. Although the county was organized in 1816, there was no inde- pendent tribunal known as the county court held in the county till February 26, 1821. This court met and organized at Old Franklin. The judges were Henry V. Bingham, David E. Drake and Thomas Conway. Hampton L. Boone was appointed county clerk pro tern. Among the proceedings of the court the first day was the appoint- ment of Robert Cooper guardian of the minor son of Sidney Carson, de- ceased. The minor son's name was Robert Sidney Carson, who was the father of Kit Carson, the brave scout. Elias Bancroft was appointed county surveyor, Nicholas S. Burckhartt, county assessor and Joseph Patterson, collector. The circuit court, sitting as a county court in 1816, had divided the county into four townships, to-wit: Moniteau, Bonne Femme, Chariton and La Mine. The county court at its first term, five years later (the term of which I am now speaking) again divided the county into seven townships, named as follows: Franklin, Boone's Lick, Chariton, Richmond, Prairie, Bonne Femme, and Moni- teau. Since then a new township called Burton, was created out of territory taken from Bonne Femme, Prairie and Richmond townships. With this exception the townships remain about as they were when first erected. CHAPTEE IV. PIONEER LIFE. The Pioneers' Peculiarities — Conveniences and Inconveniences — The Historical Log Cabin — Agricultural Implements — Household Furniture — Pioneer Corn-bread — Hand Mills and Hominy Blocks — Going to Mill — Trading Points— Bee Trees — Shooting Matches and Quiltings. The people in the early history of Howard county took no care to preserve history — they were too busily engaged in making it. Historically speaking, those were the most important years of the county, for it was then the foundation and corner - stones of all the county's history and prosperity were laid. Yet, this history was not remarkable for stirring events. It was, however, a time of self-re- liance and brave, persevering toil ; of privations cheerfully endured through faith in a good time coming. The experience of one settler was just about the same as that of others. Nearly all of the settler* were poor ; they faced the same hardships and stood generally on an equal footing. All the experience of the early pioneers of this county goes far to confirm the theory that, after all, happiness is pretty evenly balanced in this world. They had their privations and hardships, but they had also their own peculiar joys. If they were poor, they were free from the burden of pride and vanity ; free also from the anxiety and care that always attends the possession of wealth . Other peo- ple' s eyes cost them nothing. If they had few neighbors, they were on the best of terms with those they had. Envy, jealousy and strife had not crept in. A common interest and a common sympathy bound them together with the strongest ties. They were a little world to themselves, and the good feeling that prevailed was all the stronger because they were so far removed from the great world of the east. Among these pioneers there was realized such a community of interest that there existed a community of feeling. There were no castes, except an aristocracy of benevolence, and no nobility, except a nobility of generosity. They were bound together with such a HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 129 strong bond of sympathy, inspired by the consciousness of common hardship, that they were practically communists. Neighbors did not even wait for an invitation or request to help one another. Was a settler's cabin burned or blown down? No sooner was the fact known throughout the neighborhood than the set- tiers assembled to assist the unfortunate one to rebuild his home. They came with as little hesitation, and with as much alacrity as though they were all members of the same family and bound to- gether by ties of blood. One man's interest was every other man's interest. • Now, this general state of feeling among the pioneers was by no means peculiar to these counties, although it was strongly illus- trated here. It prevailed generally throughout the west during the time of the early settlement. The very nature of things taught the settlers the necessity of dwelling together in this spirit. It was their only protection. They had come far away from the well established reign of law, and entered a new country , where civil authority was still feeble, and totally unable to afford protection and redress grievances. Here the settlers lived some little time before there was an officer of the law in the county. Each man's protection was in the good will and friendship of those about him, and the thing any man might well dread was the ill will of the community. It was more terrible than the law. It was no uncommon thing in the early times for hardened men, who had no fears of jails or penitentiaries, to stand in great fear of the indignation of a pioneer community. Such were some of the characteristics of Howard county. HOUSE AND HOME COMFORTS. The first buildings in the county were not just like the log cabins that immediately succeeded them. The latter required some help and a great deal of labor to build. The very first buildings constructed were a cross between " hoop cabins " and Indian bark huts. As soon as enough men could be got together for a " cabin raising," then log cabins were in style. Many a pioneer can remember the happiest time of his life as that when he lived in one of these homely but comfortable old cabins. A window with sash and glass was a rarity, and was an evidence of wealth and aristocracy which but few could support. They were often made with greased paper put over the window, which admitted a little light, but more often there was nothing whatever over it, or the cracks between the logs, without either chinking or daubing, were 130 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. the dependence for light and air. The doors were fastened with old- fashioned wooden latches, and for a friend, or neighbor, or traveller, the string always hung out, for the pioneers of the west were hospita- ble and entertained visitors to the best of their ability . It is notice- able with what affection the pioneers speak of their old log cabins. It may be doubted whether palaces ever sheltered happier hearts than those homely cabins. The following is a good description of those old landmarks, but few of which now remain : — " These were of round logs, notched together at the corners, rib- bed with poles and covered with boards split from a tree. A puncheon floor was then laid down, a hole cut in the end and a stick chimney runup. A clapboard door is made, a window is opened by cutting out a hole in the side or end two feet square, and finished without glass or transparency. The house is then ' chinked ' and * daubed ' with mud. The cabin is now ready to go into. The, household and kitchen furniture is adjusted, and life on the frontier is begun in earnest. " The one-legged bedstead, now a piece of furniture of the past, was made by cutting a stick the proper length, boring holes at one end one and a half inches in diameter, at right angles, and the same sized holes corresponding with those in the logs of the cabin the length and breadth desired for the bed, in which are inserted poles. " Upon these poles the clapboards are laid, or linn bark is inter- woven consecutively from pole to pole. Upon this primitive structure the bed is laid. The convenience of a cook stove was not thought of. i e ' but instead, the cooking was done by the faithful housewife in pots, kettles, and skillets, on and about the big fire-place, and very frequent- ly over and around, too, the distended pedal extremities of the legal sovereign of the household, while the latter was indulging in the luxuries of a cob-pipe and discussing the probable results of a con- templated deer hunt on the Missouri river or some one of its small tributaries." These log cabins were really not so bad after all. The people of to-day, familiarized with " Charter Oak " cooking stoves and ranges, would be ill at home were they compelled to pre- pare a meal with no other conveniences than those provided in a pioneer cabin. Kude fire-places were built in chimneys composed of mud and sticks, or, at best, undressed stone. These fire-places served for heating and cooking purposes ; also for ventilation. Around the cheerful blaze of this fire the meal was prepared, and these meals were not so bad, either. As elsewhere remarked, they were not such HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 131 as would tempt an epicure, but such as afforded the most healthful nourishment for a race of people who were driven to the exposure and hardships which were their lot. We hear of few dyspeptics in those days. Another advantage of these cooking arrangements was that the stove-pipe never fell down, and the pioneer was spared being subjected to the most trying of ordeals, and one probably more pro- ductive of profanity than any other. Before the country became supplied with mills which were of easy access, and even in some instances afterward, hominy-blocks were used. They exist now only in the memory of the oldest settlers, but as relics of the "long ago" a description of them will not be uninteresting : — A tree of suitable size, say from eighteen inches to two feet in diameter, was selected in the forest and felled to the ground. If a cross-cut saw happened to be convenient, the tree was " butted," that is, the kerf end was sawed off so that it would stand steady when ready for use. If there were no cross-cut saw in the neighborhood, strong arms and sharp axes were ready to do the work. Then the proper length, from four to five feet, was measured off and sawed or cut square. When this was done the block was raised on end and the work of cutting out a hollow in one of the ends was commenced. This was generally done with a common chopping ax. Sometimes a smaller one was used. When the cavity was judged to be large enough, a fire was built in it and carefully watched till the ragged edges were burned away. When completed the hominy-block some- what resembled a druggist's mortar. Then a pestle, or something to crush the corn, was necessary. This was usually made from a suitably sized piece of timber, with an iron wedge attached, the large end down. This completed the machinery, and the block was ready for use. Sometimes one hominy-block accommodated an entire neighborhood and was the means of staying the hunger of many mouths. In giving the bill of fare above we should have added meat, for of this they had plenty. Deer would be seen daily trooping over the prairie in droves of from twelve to twenty, and sometimes as many as fifty would be seen grazing together. Elk were also found, and wild turkeys and prairie chickens without number. Bears were not un- known. Music of the natural order was not wanting, and every night the pioneers were lulled to rest by the screeching of panthers* and the howling of wolves. When the dogs ventured too far out from the cabins at night, they would be driven back by the wolves chasing 132 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. them up to the very cabin doors. Trapping wolves became a very profitable business after the state began to pay a bounty for wolf scalps. All the streams of water also abounded in fish, and a good supply of these could be procured by the expense of a little time and labor. Those who years ago improved the fishing advantages of the country never tire telling of the dainty meals which the streams afforded. Sometimes large parties would get together, and, having been provided with cooking utensils and facilities for camping out, would go off some distance and spend weeks together. No danger then of being ordered off a man's premises or arrested for trespass. One of the peculiar circumstances that surrounded the early life of the pioneers was a strange loneliness. The solitude seemed almost to oppress them. Months would pass during which they would scarcely see a human face outside their own families. On occasions of special interest, such as election, holiday celebra- tions, or camp-meetings, it was nothing unusual for a few settlers who lived in the immediate neighborhood of the meeting to entertain scores of those who had come from a distance. Rough and rude though the surroundings may have been, the pioneers were none the less honest, sincere, hospitable and kind in their relations. It is true, as a rule, and of universal application, that there is a greater degree of real humanity among the pioneers of any country than there is when the country becomes old and rich. If there is an absence of refinement, that absence is more than compen- sated in the presence of generous hearts and truthful lives. They are bold, industrious and enterprising. Generally speaking, they are earnest thinkers, and possessed of a diversified fund of useful, practical information. As a rule they do not arrive at a conclusion by means of a course of rational reasoning, but, nevertheless, have a queer way of getting at the facts. They hate cowards and shams of every kind, and above all things, falsehoods and deception, and cultivate an integrity which seldom permits them to prostitute themselves to a narrow policy of imposture. Such were the characteristics of the men and women who pioneered the way to the country of the Sacs, Foxes, Kickapoos and Pottawatomie Indians. A few of them yet remain, and although some of their descendants are among the wealthy and most substantial of the people of the county, they have not forgotten their old time hospitality and free and easy ways. In contrasting the present social affairs with pioneer times, one has well said : " Then, if a house was to be raised, every man ' turned out,' and HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 133 often the women, too, and while the men piled up the logs that fash- ioned the primitive dwelling-place, the women prepared the dinner. Sometimes it was cooked by big log fires near the site where the cabin was building ; in other cases it was prepared at the nearest cabin, and at the proper hour was carried to where the men were at work. If one man in the neighborhood killed a beef, a pig or a deer, every other family in the neighborhood was sure to receive a piece. " We were all on an equality. Aristocratic feelings were unknown and would not have been tolerated. What one had we all had, and that was the happiest period of my life. But to-day, if you lean against a neighbor's shade tree, he will charge you for it. If you are poor and fall sick, you may lie and suffer almost unnoticed and unattended, and probably go to the poor-house ; and just as like as not the man who would report you to the authorities as a subject of county care would charge the county for making the report." Of the old settlers, some are still living in the county, in the enjoyment of the fortunes they founded in early times, " having reaped an hundred fold." Nearly all, however, have passed away. A few of them have gone to the far west, and are still playing the part of pioneers. But wherever they may be, whatever fate may betide them, it is but truth to say that they were excellent men, as a class, and have left a deep and enduring impression upon the county and the state. " They builded better than they knew." They were, of course, men of activity and energy, or they would never have decided to face the trials of pioneer life. The great majority of them were poor, but the lessons taught them in the early days were of such a character that few of them have remained so. They made their mistakes in business pursuits like, other men. Scarcely one of them but allowed golden opportunities, for pecuniary profit, at least, to pass by unheeded. What are now some of the choicest farms in Howard county were not taken up by the pioneers, who preferred land of very much less value. They have seen many of their prophesies fulfilled, and others come to naught. Whether they have attained the success they desired, their own hearts can tell. To one looking over the situation then, from the standpoint now, it certainly does not seem very cheering, and yet, from the testimony of some old pioneers, it was a most enjoyable time, and we of the present live in degenerate days. At that time it certainly would have been much more difficult for those old settlers to understand how it could be possible that sixty- five years hence, the citizens at the present age of the county's pro- 134 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPEE COUNTIES. gress would be complaining of hard times and destitution, and that they themselves, perhaps, would be among that number, than it is now for us to appreciate how they could feel so cheerful and contented with their meagre means and humble lot of hardships and depriva- tions during those early pioneer days. The secret was, doubtless, that they lived within their means, however limited, not coveting more of luxury and comfort than their income would afford, and the natural result was prosperity and con- tentment, with always room for one more stranger at the fireside, and a cordial welcome to a place at their table for even the most hungry guest. Humanity, with all its ills, is, nevertheless, fortunately _ charac- terized with remarkable flexibility, which enables it to accommodate itself to circumstances. After all, the secret of happiness lies in one's ability to accommodate himself to his surroundings. It is sometimes remarked that there were no places for public en- tertainment till later years. The fact is, there were many such places ; in fact, every cabin was a place of entertainment, and these hotels were sometimes crowded to their utmost capacity. On such occasions, when bedtime came, the first family would take the back part of the cabin, and so continue filling up by families until the limit was reached. The young men slept in the wagon outside. In the morn- ing, those nearest the door arose first and went outside to dress. Meals were served on the end of a wagon, and consisted of corn bread, buttermilk and fat pork, and occasionally coffee, to take away the morning chill. On Sundays, for a change, they had bread made of wheat " tramped out " on the ground by horses, cleaned with a sheet and pounded by hand. This was the best, the most fastidious they could obtain, and this only one day in seven. Not a moment of time was lost. It was necessary that they should raise enough sod corn to take them through the coming winter, and also get as much breaking done as possible. They brought with them enough corn to give the horses an occasional feed, in order to keep them able for hard work, but in the main they had to live on prairie grass. The cattle got nothing else than grass. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. An interesting comparison might be drawn between the conven- iences which now make the life of a farmer a. comparatively easy one, and the almost total lack of such conveniences in early days. A brief j HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 135 description of the accommodations possessed by the tillers of the soil will now be given. Let the children of such illustrious sires draw their own compar- isons, and may the results of these comparisons silence the voice of complaint which so often is heard in the land. The only plpws they had at first were what they styled "bull plows." The mould-boards were generally of wood, but in some cases they were half wood and half iron. The man who had one of the latter description was looked upon as something of an aristocrat. But these old " bull plows " did good service, and they must be awarded the honor of first stirring the soil of Howai-d county, as well as that of all the oldest counties of this state. The amount of money which some farmers annually invest in agricultural implements would have kept the pioneer farmer in farm- ing utensils during a whole lifetime. The pioneer farmer invested little money in such things, because he had little money to spare, and then again because the expensive machinery now used would not have been at all adapted to the requirements of pioneer farming. The " bull plow " was probably better adapted to the fields abounding in stumps and roots than would the modern sulky plow have been, and the old-fashioned wheat cradle did better execution than would a modern harvester under like circumstances. The prairies were seldom settled till after the pioneer period, and that portion of the country which was the hardest to put under cultivation, and the most difficult to cultivate after it was improved, first was cultivated ; it was well for the country that such was the case, for the present generation, famil- iarized as it is with farming machinery of such complicated pattern, would scarcely undertake the clearing off of dense forests and culti- vating the ground with the kind of implements their fathers used, and which they would have to use for some kinds of work. MILLS AND TRADING POINTS. Notwithstanding the fact that some of the early settlers were en- ergetic millwrights, who employed all their energy, and what means they possessed, in erecting mills at a few of the many favorite mill- sites which abound in the county ; yet going to mill in those days, when there were no roads, no bridges, no ferry boats, and scarcely any conveniences for travelling, was no small task, where so many riv- ers and treacherous streams were to be crossed, and such a trip was often attended with great danger to the traveller when these streams 136 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. were swollen beyond their banks. But even under these circumstances, some of the more adventurous and ingenious ones, in case of emergency, found the ways and means by which to cross the swollen streams, and succeed in making the trip. At other times again, all attempts failed them, and they were, compelled to remain at home un- til the waters subsided, and depend on the generosity of their fortun- ate neighbors. Some stories are related with regard to the danger, perils and hardships of forced travels to mills, and for provisions, which remind one of forced marches in military campaigns, and when we hear of the heroic and daring conduct of the hardy pioneers in procuring bread for their loved ones, we think that here were heroes more val- iant than any of the renowned soldiers of ancient or modern times. During the first two years, and perhaps not until some time af- terward, there was not a public highway established and worked on which they could travel ; and as the settlers were generally far apart, and mills and trading points were at great distances, going from place to place was not only very tedious, but attended sometimes with great danger. Not a railroad had yet entered the state, and there was scarcely a thought in the minds of the people here of such a thing ever reaching the wild west ; and, if thought of, people had no con- ception of what a revolution a railroad and telegraph line through the county would cause in its progress. Then there was no railroad in the United States ; not a mile of track on the continent, while now there are over 100,000 miles of railroad extending their trunks and branches in every direction over our land. Supplies in those days were obtained at St. Charles and St. Louis. Mail was carried by horses and wagon transportation, and telegraph dispatches wer e transmitted by the memory and lips of emigrants coming in, or strangers passing through. The first mills were built in the forts. These were small affairs. The first grist and saw mill combined was erected at Old Franklin, in 1819, by Shadrack Barnes, and the buhrs were set on the saw-frame. At first the mill only ground corn which had to be sifted after it was ground, as there were no bolts in the mill. There was only one run of buhrs which, as well as the mill irons, were brought from St. Louis. They were shipped up the Missouri river. The mill cost about $50. The mill had no gearing, the buhrs being located over the wheel, and running with the same velocity as the wheel. It was a frame mill, one story high, and had a capacity of fifty bushels a day. People came from far and near, attracted by the reports of the completion of the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 137 mill, with their grists, so that, for days before it was ready for work, the river bottom was dotted over with hungry and patient men, wait- ing until it was ready to do their work, so that they might return with their meal and flour to supply their families and those of their neighbors, thus enduring the hardships of camp life in those early days in order that they might be able to secure the simple necessaries of life, devoid of all luxuries. HUNTIJNG AND TRAPPING. The sports and means of recreation were not so numerous and varied among the early settlers as at present, but they were more enjoyable and invigorating than now. Hunters now-a-days would be only too glad to be able to find and enjoy their favorable opportunity for hunting and fishing, and even travel many miles, counting it rare pleasure to spend a few weeks on the water courses and wild prairies, in hunt arfd chase and fishing frolics. There were a good many excellent hunters here at an early day, who enjoyed the sport as well as any can at the present time. Wild animals of almost every species known in the wilds of the west were found in great abundance. The prairies, and woods, and streams, and various bodies of water, were all thickly inhabited be- fore the white man came and for some time afterward. Although the Indians slew many of them, yet the natural law prevailed here as well as elsewhere — " wild man and wild beast thrive together." Serpents were to be found in such large numbers, and of such immense size that some stories told by the early settlers would be incredible were it not for the large array of concurrent testimony, which is to be had from the most authentic sources. Deer, turkeys, ducks, geese, squirrels, and various other kinds of choice game were plentiful and to be had at the expense of killing only. The fur animals were abundant ; such as the otter, beaver, mink, muskrat, raccoon, panther, fox, wolf, wild-cat and bear. An old resident of the county told us, that in 1809, while he was travelling a distance of six miles, he saw as many as seventy-three deer, in herds of from six to ten. p«. HUNTING BEE TREES. Another source of profitable recreation among the old settlers was that of hunting bees. The forests along the water courses were es- pecially prolific of bee trees. They were found in great numbers on 138 HISTORY OF, HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. the Missouri river, and in fact, on all the important streams in the county. Many of the early settlers, during the late summer, would go into camp for days at a time, for the purpose of hunting and securing the honey of the wild bees, which was not only extremely rich, and found in great abundance, but always commanded a good price in the home market. The Indians have ever regarded the honey bee as the forerunner of the white man, while it is a conceded fact that the quail always follows the footprints of civilization. The following passage is found in the "Eeport of the Exploring Expedition to the Eocky Mountains, in the year 1842, by Captain John C. Fremont," page 69. "Hereon the summit, where the stillness was absolute; un- broken by any sound, and the solitude complete, we thought ourselves beyond the regions of animated life ; but while we were sitting on the rocks, a solitary bee came winging his flight from the eastern valley, and lit on the knee of one of the men. We pleased ourselves with the idea that he was the first of his species to cross the mountain barrier, a solitary pioneer to foretell the advance of civilization." Gregg, in his " Commerce of the Prairies," page 178, vol. I.,- says : ' ' The honey bee appears to have emigrated exclusively from the east, as its march has been observed westward. The bee, among western pioneers, is the proverbial precursor of the Anglo-American population. In fact, the aborigines of the frontier have generally cor- roborated this statement, for they used to say that they knew the white man was not far behind when the bees appeared among them." There were other recreations, such as shooting matches and quilt- ing parties, which obtained in those days, and which were enjoyed to the fullest' extent. The quilting parties were especially pleasant and agreeable to those who attended. The established rule in those days at these parties was to pay either one dollar in money or split one hundred rails during the course of the day. The men would generally split the rails and the women would remain in the house and do the quilting. After the day's work was done the night would be passed in dancing. All the swains that there abide, With jigs and rural dance resort. When daylight came the music and dancing would cease, and the gal- lant young men would escort the fair ladies to their respective homes. WOLVES. One of the oldest pioneers tells us that for several years after he HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 139 came to what is now known as Howard county the wolves were very numerous, and that he paid his taxes for many years in wolf scalps. His cabin was in the edge of the timber, that skirted Sulphur creek, and at night the howls of these animals were so loud and incessant that to sleep, at times, was almost impossible. Often, at midnight, all At once there rose so wild a yell, Within that ■dark and narrow dell, As all the fiends from heaven that fell Had pealed the banner-cry of hell. At such times the whole air seemed to be filled with the vibra- tions of their most infernal and diabolical music. The wolf was not only a midnight prowler here, but was seen in the daytime, singly or in packs, warily skulking upon the outskirts of a thicket, or sallying cautiously along the open path, with a sneaking look of mingled cow- ardice and cruelty. CHAPTEE V. County and Township Systems — Government Surveys — Organization of Townships. Before proceeding any further, we deem it proper, since we are about to enter upon the history of the townships, to give some expla- nations of the county and township systems, and government surveys, as much depends in business and civil transactions, upon county limits and county organizations. COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP SYSTEMS. With regard to the origin of dividing individual states into county and township organizations, which, in an important measure, should have the power and opportunity of transacting their own business and governing themselves, under the approval of, and subject to, the state and general government, of which they both form a part, we quote from Elijah M. Haines, who is considered good authority on the subject. In his "Laws of Illinois, Kelative to Township Organizations," he says : — The county system originated with Virginia, whose early set- tlers soon became large landed proprietors, aristocratic in feeling, living apart in almost baronial magnificence, on their own estates, and own- ing the laboring part of the population. Thus the materials for a town were not at hand ; the voters being thinly distributed over a great area. The county organization, where a few influential men managed the wholesale business of a community, retaining their places almost at their pleasure, scarcely responsible at all, except in name, and per- mitted to conduct the county concerns as their ideas or wishes might direct, was moreover consonant with their recollections or traditions of the judicial and social dignities of the landed aristocracy of England, in descent from whom, the Virginia gentleman felt so much pride. In 1834, eight counties were organized in Virginia, and the system extending throughout the state, spread into all the southern states, and some of the northern states ; unless we except the nearly similar division into "districts," in South Carolina, and that into " parishes " in Louisiana, from the French laws. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 141 Illinois, which, with its vast additional territory, became a county of Virginia, on its conquest by General George Rogers Clark, retained the county organization, which was formerly extended over the state by the constitution of 1818y, and continued in exclusive use, until the constitution of 1848. Under this system, as in other states adopting it, much local business was transacted by the commissioners in each county, who constituted a county court, with quarterly ses- sions. During the period ending with the constitution of 1847, a large portion of the state had become filled up with a population of New England birth or character, daily growing more and more compact and dissatisfied with the comparatively arbitrary and inefficient county system. It was maintained by the people that the heavy populated districts would always control the election of the commissioners to the disadvantage of the more thinly populated sections — in short, that under that system " equal and exact justice " to all parts of the county could not be secured. The township system had its origin in Massachusetts, and dates back to 16.35. The first legal enactment concerning the system, provided that, whereas, " particular townships have many things which concern only themselves and the ordering of their own affairs, and disposing of business in their own town," therefore, the "freemen of every town- ship, or a majority part of them, shall only have power to dispose of their own lands and woods, with all the appurtenances of said town, to grant lots, and to make such orders as may concern the well ordering of their own towns not repugnant to the laws and orders established by the general court." They might also (says Mr. Haines) impose fines of not more than twenty shilings, and " choose their own particular officers, as consta- bles, surveyors for the highway and the like." Evidently this' enactment relieved the general court of a mass of municipal details, without any danger to the power of that body in controlling general measures of public policy. Probably, also, a demand from the freemen of the towns was felt for the control of their own home concerns. The New England colonies were first governed by a general court or legislature, composed of a governor and a small council, which court consisted of the most influential inhabitants and possessed and exercised both legislative and judicial powers, which were limited only by the wisdom of the holders. They made laws, ordered their execution by officers, tried and decided civil and criminal causes, enacted all manner of municipal regulations, and, in fact, did all the public business of the colony. Similar provisions for the incorporation of towns were made in the first constitution of Connecticut, adopted in 1639, and the plan of township organization, as experience proved its remarkable economy, 11 142 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. efficiency and adaption to the requirements of a free and intelligent people, became universal throughout New England, and went west- ward with the immigrants from New England into New York, Ohio, and other western states. Thus we find that the valuable system of county, township and town organizations had been thoroughly tried and proven long before there was need of adopting it in Missouri or any of the broad region west of the Mississippi river. But as the new country began to be opened, and as eastern people began to move westward across the mighty river, and form thick settlements along its western bank, the territory and state, and county and township organizations soon fol- lowed in quick succession, and those different systems became more or less improved, according as deemed necessary by the experience and judgment and demands of the people, until they have arrived at the present stage of advancement and efficiency. In the settlement of the territory of Missouri, the legislature began by organizing counties on the Mississippi river. As each new county was formed, it was made to include under legal jurisdiction all the country bordering west of it, and required to grant to the actual settlers electoral privileges and an equal share of the county government, with those who properly lived in the geographical limits of the county. The counties first organized along the eastern borders of the state were given for a short time jurisdiction over the lands and settlements adjoining each on the west, until these localities became sufficiently settled to support organizations of their own. GOVERNMENT SURVEYS. No person can intelligently understand the history of a country without at the same time knowing its geography, and in order that a clear and correct idea of the geography of Howard county may be obtained from the language already used in defining different localities and pieces of land, we insert herewith the plan of government surveys as given in Mr. E. A. Hickman's property map of Jackson county, Missouri : — Previous to the formation of our present government, the east- ern portion of North America consisted of a number of British colonies, the territory of which was granted in large tracts to British noblemen. By treaty of 1783, these grants were acknowledged as valid by the colonies. After the revolutionary war, when these colonies were acknowledged independent states, all public domain within their boundaries was acknowledged to be the property of the colony within the bounds of which said domain was situated. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 143 Virginia claimed all the northwestern territory, including what is now known as Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois. After a meeting of the representatives of the various states to form a union, Virginia ceded the northwest territory to the United States government. This took place in 1784 ; then all this north- west territory became government land. It comprised all south of the lakes and east of the Mississippi river and north and west of the states having definite boundary lines. This territory had been known as New France, and had been ceded by France to England in 1768. In the year 1803, Napoleon Bonaparte sold to the" United States all territory west of the Mississippi river and north of Mexico, extending to the Rocky Mountains. While the public domain was the property of the colonies, it was disposed of as follows : Each individual caused the tract he desired to purchase to be surveyed and platted. A copy of the survey was then filed with the register of lauds, when, by paying into the state or col- onial treasury an agreed price, the purchaser received a patent for the land. This method of disposing of public lands made lawsuits numer- ous, owing to different surveys often including the same ground. To avoid these difficulties and effect a general measurement of the terri- tories, the United States adopted the present mode or system of land surveys, a dscription of which we give, as follows : In an unsurveyed region, a point of marked and changeless topo- graphical features is selected as an initial point. The exact latitude and longitude of this point is ascertained by astronomical observation, and a suitable monument of iron or stone to perpetuate the position. Through this point a true north and south line is run, which is called a principal meridian. This principal meridian may be extended north and south any desired distance. Along this line are placed, at dis- tances of one-half mile from each other, posts of wood or stone, or mounds of earth. These posts are said to establish the line, and are called section and quarter-section posts. Principal meridians are numbered in the order in which they are established. Through the same initial point from which the principal meridian was surveyed, an- other line is now run and established by mile and half-mile posts, as before, in a true east and west direction. This line is called the base line, and like the principal meridian, may be extended indefinitely in either direction. These lines form the basis of the survey of the country into townships and ranges. Township lines extend east and west, parallel with the base line, at distances of six miles from the base line and from each other, dividing the country into strips six miles wide, which strips are called townships. Range lines run north and south parallel to the principal meridian, dividing the country into strips six miles wide, which strips are called ranges. Township strips are numbered from the base line and range strips are numbered from the principal meridian. Townships lying north of the base line are "townships north;" those on the south are "townships south." The strip lying next the base line is township one, the next one to 144 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER CODNTIES. that township tioo, and so on. The range strips are numbered in the same manner, counting from the principal meridian- east or west, as the case maybe. The township and range lines thus divide the country into six-mile squares. Each of these squares is called a congressional township. All north and south lines north of the equator approach each other as they extend north, finally meeting at the north pole ; therefore north and south lines are not literally parallel. The east and west boun- dary lines of any range being six miles apart in the latitude of Mis- souri or Kansas, would, in thirty miles, approach eack other at 2.9 chains, or 190 feet. If, therefore, the width of the range when started from the base line is made exactly six miles, it would be 2.9 chains too narrow at the distance of thirty miles, or five townships north. To correct the width of ranges and keep them to the proper width, the range lines are not surveyed in a continuous straight line, like the principal meridian, entirely across the state, but only across a limited number of townships, usually five, where the width of the rauge is corrected by beginning a new line on the side of the range most distant from the principal meridian, at such a point as will make the range its correct width. All range lines are corrected in the same manner. The east and west township line on which these corrections are made are called correction lines, or standard parallels. The surveys of the state of Missouri were made from the fifth principal meridian, which runs through the state, and its ranges are numbered from it. The State of Kansas is surveyed and numbered from the sixth. Congressional townships are divided into thirty-six square miles, called sections, and are known by numbers, according to their jjosi- tion. The following diagram shows the order of numbers and the sec- tions in congressional township. -li- i -18- -17- -13- -19- -20 21- -22 -24- -32 33- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 145 Sections are divided into quarters, eighths and sixteenths, and are described by. their position in the section. The full section con- tains 640 acres, the quarter 160, the eighth 80, and the sixteenth 40. In the following diagram of a section the position designated by a is known as the northwest quarter ; i is the northeast quarter ; of the northeast quarter ; d would be the south half of the southeast quarter, and would contain 80 acres. ■iSec. post Sec. post a h t Sec. post 160 acres f 9 e b c d Sec. post Sec. post % Sec. post Sec. post H Sec. post Congressional townships, as we have seen are six mile squares of land, made by the township and range lines, while civil or municipal townships are civil divisions, made for purposes of government, the one having no reference to the other, though similar in name. On the county map we see both kinds of townships — the congressional usually designated by numbers and in squares ; the municipal or civil township by name and in various forms. By the measurement thus made by the government the courses and distances are denned between any two points. St. Louis is in township 44 north, range 8 east, and Independence is in township 49 north, range 32 west ; how far, then, are Kansas City and St. Louis apart on a direct line 'f St. Louis is forty townships east — 240 miles — and 'five townships south — thirty miles ; the base and perpendicular of a right-angled triangle, the hypothenuse being the required distance." ORGANIZATION OF TOWNSHIPS. The " township," as the term is used in common phraseology, in many instances, is widely distinguished from that of " town," though many persons persist in confounding the two. " In the United States, many of the states are divided into townships of five, six, seven, or perhaps ten miles square, and the inhabitants of such townships are vested with certain powers for regulating their own affairs, such as repairing roads and providing for the poor. The township is subor- dinate to the county." A " town " is simply a collection of houses, either large or small, and opposed to " country." The most important features connected with this system of town- 146 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ship survevs should be thoroughly understood by every intelligent farmer and business man ; still there are some points connected with the understanding of it, which need close and careful attention. The law which established this system required that the north and south lines should correspond exactly with the meridian passing through that point; also, that each township should be six miles square. To do this would be an utter impossibility, since the figure of the earth causes the meridians to converge toward the pole, making the north line of each township shorter than the south tine of the same township. To obviate the errors which are on this account, constantly occurring, correction lines are established. They are parallels bounding a line of townships on the north, when lying north of the principal base ; oh the south line of townships when lying south of the principal base from which the surveys, as they are continued, are laid out anew ; the range lines again starting at correct distances from the principal meridian. In Michigan these correction lines are repeated at the end of every tenth township, but in Oregon they have been repeated with every fifth township. The instructions to the surveyors have been thiJt each range of townships should be made as much over six miles in width on each base and correction line as it will fall short of the same width where it closes on to the next correction line north ; and it is further provided that in all cases, where the exterior lines of the townships shall exceed, or shall not extend six miles, the excess of deficiency shall be specially noted, and added to or deducted from the western or northern sections or half sections in such township, according as the error may be in running the lines from east to west, or from south to north. In order to throw the excess of de- ficiencies on the north and on the west sides of the township, it is necessary to survey the section lines from south to north, on a true meridian, leaving the result in the north line of the township to be governed by the convexity of the earth, and the convergency of the meridians. Navigable rivers, lakes and islands are " meandered" or surveyed by the compass and chain along the banks. "The instruments employed on these surveys, besides the solar compass, are a survey- ing chain thirty-three feet long, of fifty links, and another of smaller wire, as a standard to be used for correcting the former as often at least as every other day, also eleven tally pins, made of steel, telescope, targets, tape measure and tools for marking the lines upon trees or stones. In surveying through woods, trees intercepted by the line are marked with two chips or notches, one on each side ; these are called HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 147 sight or line' trees. Sometimes other trees in the vicinity are blazed on two sides quartering toward the line ; but if some distance from the line the two blazes should be near together on the side facing the line. These are found to be permanent marks, not wholly recognizable for many years, but carrying with them their own age by the rings of growth around the blaze, which may at any subsequent time be cut out and counted as years ; and . the same are recognized in courts of law as evidence of the date of the survey. They cannot be obliterated by cutting down the trees or otherwise without leaving evidence of the act. Corners are marked upon trees if found at the right spots, or else upon posts set in the ground, and sometimes a monument of stones is used for a township corner, and a single stone for section corner ; mounds of earth are made when there are no stones nor timber. The corners of the four adjacent sections are designated by distinct marks cut into a tree, one in each section. These trees, facing the corner, are plainly marked with the letters B. T. (bearing tree) cut into the wood. Notches cut upon the corner posts or trees indicate the number of miles to the outlines of the township, or if on the boundaries of the township, to the township corners. CHAPTEE VI. BOONE'S LICK TOWNSHIP. Boundary— Physical Features — Lakes — Salt Springs — Indian Mounds — Early Set- tlers— The Name— Daniel Boone — The Date of His Visiting the Township— He Never Manufactured Salt— Historic Ground — Character of the Early Settlers — Their Troubles — Supplied Themselves with Many Things — After the War of 1812 — Biograpical Sketch of Major Stephen Cooper — Boonsboro — Its Early History — Incident. We shall begin the township history of Howard county, not alpha- betically but chronologically, giving each as nearly as we can in the order of their settlement, commencing with Boone's Lick town- ship. BOUNDARY. This township, which was re-organized in 1821, has suffered no dimunition of its terrritory since that period, nor has its area been increased. It occupies the southwestern corner of the county, and is bounded on the north by Chariton township, on the east by Rich- mond and Franklin townships, on the south by Cooper county and the Missouri river, and on the west by Saline county and the Missouri river. PHYSICAL FEATURES, ETC. The township was originally heavily timbered and a great abun- dance of the best of timber is now standing, but much of it has been cleared off preparatory to the opening of the farms, which are now located on almost every quarter section of the township. The sur- face of the township is undulating and in many places hills and ridges abound. Limestone is found in different portions of the township. It is well watered by Salt, Bowen's Simpson's, Brown's and Clark's branches, and by Sulphur and Bartlett's creeks, all of which flow into the Missouri river, which forms the southern and western border of the township. Besides these streams of water the township, many years ago, was noted for its lakes, known as Cooper's and Nash's lakes. The latter was quite an extensive body of water, and at one time covered portions of sections 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34. It has HISTORY OP HOWAED AND COOPER COUNTIES. 149 been ditched and drained, and its entire area is now under fence and paying a rich tribute to the farmer. Cooper's lakes were located on sections 2 and 11, but, like the one mentioned, they have been drained and are now properly classed among the tillable lands of the township. In this township there are a number of salt springs, the most celebrated of these being Boone's Lick. From the date of their orig- inal discovery, a great quantity of salt has been manufactured from the brine and shipped to St. Louis and elsewhere throughout the country. A few years since a well was bored to the depth of 1,001 feet at this "lick" from which flowed a stream of brine sufficiently strong and rapid to produce one hundred barrels of superior salt in twenty-four hours. A number of Indian mounds are found in the township. The soil is generally fair on the highlands and exceedingly fertile in the river bottom. The bulk of the tobacco raised in the county is produced in this township. EARLY SETTLERS. There is probably more historical interest connected with the early history of Boone's Lick township than with any other municipal division of the county. The great dramatist intimates there is nothing in a name. A name, however, sometimes means a great deal, as it does in this instance. Had the township received its name by accident, or had it been given as the mere result of some man's capricious or idle whim, then it could have had no significance. But when we know that it was bestowed upon the township after mature deliberation, then it is that we begin to realize something of its import, and naturally ask ourselves the question, " Why the name of Boone's Lick? " Would that we knew more of the brave hunter whose daring ex- ploits illumine the pages of the pioneer history of two States ! Espe- cially of his connection with Boone's Lick township, and the Boone's Lick country, in honor of whom the entire region took its name. Without stopping to discuss the seemingly apparent conflict between tradition and the meagre historical facts relating to the probability of his once residing within the present limits of Howard county, we shall simply state, as we did in a preceding chapter of this book, that Daniel Boone erected a cabin and camped one winter in the immediate vicin ity of Boone's Lick. The date of his doing this is not known. He had doubtless visited the "licks " quite often in search of game before he had concluded to camp there. We are, however, confident, from the 150 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. most authentic records we have examined, that the date of his coming to Boone's Lick township was not far from the beginning of the present century. That Daniel Boone ever ir. ade salt here or elsewhere we are disposed to doubt. He was a hunter, both by habit and inclina- tion, and followed exclusively the life of a hunter as a livelihood, and it is very improbable that he would turn aside from his legitimate avocation, and one that he esteemed above all others, to pursue, even for a short season, any other employment, which at that early day, promised no such remuneration as inured to the benefit of the active and vigilant hunter and skilful trapper. His sons Nathan and Daniel, however, manufactured salt in the township some years later — in 1807 — and conveyed the same to the river in hollow logs,- so imper- fect were the facilities then for transportation. Every acre of Boone's Lick township is historic ground, hallowed to the memory of the most distinguished pioneer that ever pitched his tents in the forests of the great west. Its hills and its valleys first echoed and re-echoed to the crack of his unerring rifle. And it may be that its soil had never been touched by the feet of the white man until pressed by his. As Daniel Boone was bold in adventure and fearless in his character, and possessed many of the sterling character- istics of a noble manhood, so were the early settlers of this township, fearless in their attempts to conquer the wilderness, and so did they possess in a large measure, the distinguishing traits of a superior manhood. As heretofore stated (and the fact is obtained from the first recorded deed in the county), Joseph Marie, a Frenchman, had made a settlement and improvements in Boone's Lick township in 1800, in the neighborhood of Eagle's Nest, and about one mile south- west of Fort Kincaid. Col. Benjamin Cooper came in 1808, and located at Boone's Lick, but his settlement there being regarded as an infringement upon the Indian lands, he was ordered by the govern- ment to return to a point below the mouth of the Gasconade, and in doing so he established himself on Loutre island. After remaining on the island for two years, and being joined there by about twenty- five families, he returned with a large portion of these in the spring of 1810, to Boone's Lick, where they erected cabins and put in crops in the succeeding fall. This was the first permanent settlement of the township, and the embryotic settlement of Howard county, which has widened and widened, until like the waves of the sea, it has long since reached the remotest limits of the county, having increased more thiin a thousandfold. Among the names of the early settlers we find the following: HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 151 Col. Benjamin Cooper, and sons, Frank, Benjamin, David, and Sar- shall ; Sarshall Cooper and sons, Joseph and Braxton ; Braxton Cooper and his son Bobert ; John and Abbott Hancock, John and William Berry, John and Henry Ferrill, Peter Popineau, William Wolfskill and sons, Joseph and William ; James Anderson and sons, Middleton and William ; John O'Bannon, Stephen Jackson, Josiah Thorp and sons, William and John ; Grey Bynum, Bobert Brown, Eobert Irwin, James Coil, James Jones, Adam Woods, Gilead Rupe, Amos Ashcraft and sons, Otho, Jesse, James and Alexander. The settlers had to contend with many difficulties, even before the war of 1812, chief among which was the opposition of congress to tbeir occupying lands within the limits set apart as belonging to the aborigines, who, however, acquiesced in their remaining. The settlers determined they would not surrender their claims, if they could help it, and continued to occupy the lands they had purchased, derived from a Spanish grant, which had been obtained by Ira P. Nash in the year 1800. They manufactured their own powder and salt, and supplied themselves with a fabric, which was made from wild nettles, and which served to them the purposes of cotton goods. They obtained their meats from the woods and the streams, the former abounding in choicest game, and the latter swarming with varied tribes of multitudinous fishes. By chase our longrlived fathers earned their food ; Toil strung the nerves, and purified the blood ; But we, their sons, a pampered race of men, Are dwindled down to three-score years and ten. They not only had to contend with the hardships and privations which fall to the lot of the pioneer in their heroic struggles to dissipate the gloom of the forest; but scarcely had they completed their cabins, beneath whose humble roofs they were about to enjoy the first fruits of their labors, when a more terrible ordeal, through which they were destined to pass, suddenly confronted them. War had been declared against Great Britain, and that nation had incited the Indians upon our frontiers to deeds of violence. It was so here, and to protect themselves against these savages they were compelled, single-handed and unaided, to build a fort (Fort Cooper), where they remained the greater part of three years. [For further history in reference to Fort Cooper see preceding chapters. J When peace was concluded (1815), the settlers commenced the 152 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. work of improvement in earnest. They were principally from Ken- tucky, and were noted for their liberality and kindness, and for the high standard of morality which they brought with them, and which they maintained even when they were no longer a law unto them- selves, and after they had become snbject to the jurisdiction of terri- torial laws. John and Henry Ferrill and Robert Hancock were from Tennessee ; James Kyle from Virginia ; Grey Bynum from South Car- olina ; Stephen Jackson from Georgia. MA J. STEPHEN COOPER. Maj. Stephen Cooper, who now resides in Colusa, California, was one of the pioneers of Boone's Lick township, and being one of the very few men living who shared with the early settlers the clangers and difficulties of that eventful period (the first settlement of Howard county), we publish in this connection a sketch of his life, feeling con- fident that it will be perused with great interest : — My parents emigrated from Virginia to Kentucky at a very early day. My father's name was Sarshall Cooper. My mother was in the fort at Boonsboro at the time it was besieged by the Indians. My father was at some other station, the name of which I do not now re- member. I was born in Madison county, Kentucky, March 10, 1797. In 1810 my father emigrated to Missouri and settled at Cooper's fort in Howard county. St. Louis was then but a small French village, with a few miserable houses, mostly thatched with straw. At that time, and for several years afterwards, the settlers generally lived in fortified houses, or forts, as they were called, on account of the In- dians. My father had command of three forts, viz : Cooper's fort, Hempstead and Kincuid. The two latter were ten miles from the former. For several years we had no organized government ; each did what he thought right in his own eyes, and we had very little trouble in our own fort — in fact we never had any. Sometimes my father and uncle would be sent for to go to the other forts to settle some slight difficulty, but never anything serious occurred. On one occasion a Frenchman had stolen twenty dollars — a large amount at that time. He was ordered to leave the settlement. He begged hard to be permitted to come back at the end of a year, and he promised so faithfully to behave himself well, if he were allowed to, that the desired permission was given, and after serving out his term of ban- ishment he returned, and was ever after a good citizen. STYLE OF LIVING. We lived very simply in those days. Coffee was worth 50 cents per pound in St. Louis, and it was seldom we saw either tea or coffee. We had no markets for our produce, so we merely raised enough tor our own consumption, our principal products being corn, hogs, cattle, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 153 and some little wheat, the old-fashioned ox-mills (so-called), being about the only mills in the country. We raised cotton enough for our own use, and with that and the wool which came from our sheep, our women folks made nearly all the clothing worn by either men or women. During THE WAR OF 1812 I served as a volunteer in my father's company, who was under the command of Gen. Henry Dodge, a great Indian fighter and afterwards United States Senator from Wisconsin. I was detailed as a spy, and was often sent out to look for Indian trails, camps, or fortifications. On one occasion, accompanied by Joseph Stills (whose two brothers and son-in-law are now residing near Stockton, in this State), we were surrounded by about three hundred Indians. In attempting to charge through them, Stills was shot from his horse and instantly killed. Myself and horse escaped unhurt. At that time I killed the principal " brave " of the Sac nation. It has always been my motto never to run with a loaded gun in my hand. My father was shot and instantly killed, sitting by his own fire- side, by an Indian, who picked a hole in the wall one dark, stormy night. This was after we had heard that peace had been declared in 1815. Many incidents occurred in my younger days which it would take a volume to relate. Once, while attending school, an alarm of "Indians!" was given. I threw my book across the room, never stopping to see where it fell, and seized my gun. This was about the close of the war, and the alarm proceeded from a large party of Indians who were on their way to St. Louis to make a treaty with the United States government. THE INDIANS continued to commit depredations occasionally, even after peace had been made. On one occasion they took two negroes who were chopping wood and carried them off. The alarm was given and seventy or eighty men collected together and pursued them. About dark we struck the trail. We were all mounted, and my brother and myself put our horses on a lope. Directly my horse jumped over an Indian fire, from which they had just fled, leaving their meat still roasting over the coals. We heard one of the negroes cry out, but it was so dark we were unable to find him or his captors. A few days after we found his body. The other negro was never heard of. THE SANTA FE TRADE. 1 was one of a party of fifteen who first opened the Santa Fe trade in 1822. In 1823 I went on a second trip to Santa Fe as leader or captain of thirty men. Our stock in trade was principally dry goods, for which we expected to get money in return. All went 154 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. prosperously with us till daybreak on the morning of the first of June, when a party of Indians fired on us, stampeded our horses, and ran off every head, except six, which we saved. Fortunately none of us were killed or wounded, although I managed to kill one Indian. This occurred on the banks of the Little Arkansas. In company with five others I went back to Missouri, bought horses and returned to our company. When we got in sight of the camp, we saw fully fifteen hundred Indians in and around the same. This looked rather squally, and some proposed to back out ; I told them they could do as they pleased, but I should go on to our comrades, if no other man went with me. Finally we all went up, and found it to be a party of friendly Kaw Indians on a buffalo hunt — a different tribe from those who had stampeded our horses. We pursued our journey without any further molestation from Indians, but sometimes suffered severely from want of water. On one occasion eight of our men gave out entirely on that account, and were unable to travel. The rest of the company, with the exception of myself, cut the lash ropes from their packs, scattered the goods upon the ground, took the best horses and scattered off like crazy men for water, leaving me and the eight men behind. Some of those who were leaving us fell on their knees and plead with me to go with them and save my own life ; urging as a reason that the men were bound to die, and that I could do them no good by staying. I said I would not leave them as long as a breath of life was left in one of them ; that if they found water they should return to us. This was one or two o'clock in the afternoon. When it became dark I built a fire of buffalo chips, and fired guns in the air as a signal to guide them to us. About midnight four of the men returned with water and we were all saved. The others had drank so much water that they were unable to return, and remained by the water hole. We were lost in attempt- ing to reach them, and it was four days before we found them. From this time on to the end of our journey we had no further difficulty. In 1825 the United States government laid out a road from the borders of Missouri to Santa Fe. I was appointed pilot and captain by the company. In the Blackhawk war in 1833, I volunteered and acted as a spy and guide under Captain Matsen. After he was called in, I joined the company of Captain Hickman of Boone county, Missouri, in the same capacity, and served till the close of the war. In 1837 Governor Boggs, of Missouri, appointed Col. Boone, Major Berrecroft and myself commissioners to locate and mark out the northern boundary of Missouri, which we did. President Van Buren appointed me Indian agent for the Pottawatomie, Ottawa and Chippewa tribes of Indians — headquarters Council Bluffs. The ap- pointment was unasked for, and I retained it until removed by Presi- dent Tyler for political reasons. In 1844 I was elected to the legislature of Missouri from Holt county. I remember at one time HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 155 during the session making the remark that I expected to live to see the Mississippi river and the Pacific ocean connected by a railroad, which caused a great deal of laughter. CALIFORNIA. Iii the summer of 1845, I was induced by several letters received from Colonel Benton, stating that my services would be needed, to accompany Colonel Fremont on his expedition to California. I went with him as far as Bent's fort, on the Arkansas, where I informed him I could go no further with him. There the company divided, Colonel Fremont with his party pursuing his original plan, whilst I went south through a part of Texas, returning home that winter. I have omitted to mention that I was married in 1824. We have had six children — four daughters and two sons — all of whom, with their mother, are still living. I have also sixteen grandchildren. In the spring of 1846, 1 set out with my entire family for Califor- nia, and was captain of the train, composed of several families, and numbering twenty-eight wagons. Nothing unusual occurred to us till we struck the Humboldt. One day after we reached the river I was riding ahead of the train, when I met a man who halloed "Hurrah for California ! " He was so excited that it was with difficulty I could stop him. At last I succeeded and asked him what the news was. He said the American fkg was flying over California. This was the first we knew of the Mexican war. When we reached the train one wild hurrah was heard from one end to the other, in which men, women and children all joined. We struck the Sacramento valley on the 5th of October, 1846. That winter I stopped at Yount's ranche in Napa valley — a man who, in my opinion, did more for the early emigrants of California than all the Sutters ever did. On the night of the 22d of February, 1847, I presided over the first political meeting ever held by Americans in California, in a little village then called Yerba Buena, now known as San Francisco. The object was to co-operate with Fremont in forming a council to frame laws for our future government. He selected seven men — two Eng- lishmen, two Mexicans, or Californians, and three Americans — old residents of the country ; but General Kearney superseding Fremont about this time, the council soon ceased to exist. On the 4th of July, 1847, George Yount and myself gave the first public 4th of July dinner ever given in California. We had :i large turn out, and everything passed off pleasantly ; I still have the flag improvised for the occasion. It has the stripes of our na- tional flag, with a lone star, and the inscription, " California is ours as long as the stars remain. " In the fall of 1847 1 removed to Benicia, where I was appointed alcalde by Governor Mason, and was afterwards elected alcalde and judge of the first instance, for the country north of the bay of San Francisco and west of the Sacramento river. In the fall of 1854 I 156 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. removed to Colusa, where I have since resided. I was soon afterward elected justice of the peace, and re-elected several terms, holding that office for twelve successive years. I voted three times for Jackson, and also cast my vote for Van Buren, Polk, Pierce, Breckinridge, McClellan, Seymour, Tilden and Hancock. ^■P CHAPTBE VII. FEANKLIN TOWNSHIP. Boundary — Physical Features — Early Settlers — Mary Jones' Recollection of Early Days — Kit Carson — Hardeman's Garden — Franklin — Its early History and Business Men — Its Talented and Distinguished Citizens — Santa Fe Trade — Lawyers, News- papers and Churches — Travel — County Seat changed to Fayette — A Letter — Post- masters of Old Franklin — New Franklin — Early Business Men — Lottery — Town ' Incorporated — Population and Present Business — Secret Orders — Estill — Incidents of the Highwater of 1844. BOUNDARY. Franklin township stands as it did when erected by the county court, in 1821. In area, it is about 50 miles square. It is bounded on the north by Richmond and Boone's Lick townships ; on the east by Moniteau township ; on the south by Cooper county, from which it is separated by the Missouri river ; and on the west by Boone's Lick township. PHYSICAL FEATURES. Portions of this township are quite hilly: much of the high land, however, is undulating. The soil is generally good, and is highly productive. The bottom land on the Missouri river, is of a superior quality and produces bountiful crops, especially of corn. The hill- lands grow excellent wheat, which is quite extensively raised in the township. This township is fairly drained, the chief water courses being Bonne Femme and Sulphur creeks. The Bonne Femme and its affluents flow nearly south through the township and empty into the Missouri river. Sulphur Creek passes also south, a little west of the centre of the township, thence east through sections 32, 33, and unites with the Bonne Femme. EARLY SETTLERS. We have already (elsewhere in this book), given the name of one of the earliest settlers in Franklin township. This was an Indian trader, by the name of Prewitt, who was here prior to 1804. The next pioneers, who were possibly the first permanent settlers, of 12 (157) 158 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. whom we have any knowledge, who came to the township, were Wm. Monroe and wife, who settled in the township in the spring or summer of 1808 ; it is, however, not known precisely, where he first pitched his tent. They went to Kentucky the same year in company with others, and returned and settled in the same township in 1811. Andrew Smith and Amos Barnes were early set- tlers, coming in 1809, the former arriving on the 3d of July. James Alcorn, Price and John Arnold, Joseph and David Boggs, Kobert and William Samuel, Townsend Brown, Christopher and Nicholas T. Burckhartt, Lindsay Carson and sons, "Kit," Andrew and Moses ; Charles and William Canole, Isaac Clark, Joseph, James and Perrin Cooley, James Cockrell, James, John, Peter and William Gleasou, James Douglas, Daniel Durben, John Elliott, father of Col. N. G. Elliott ; Hiram, Eeuben, Sarshall and Simeon Fugate, Reuben Gentry, Abner, John and Wm. Grooms, Alfred and Moses Head, Robert Hinkson, who moved to Boone county, Noah Katon, Joseph, William and Ewing McLain, Joseph Moody, Mrs. Susan Mullins, Thompson Mullins, Wm. Pipes, "Christopher, James, Jesse and Silas Richardson, John Rupe, Thomas Smith, John and James Sneathan, Joseph Still, John Stinson, Solomon, David and John Tetlers, Isaac and John Thornton, Jonathan Davis, Elisha and Levi Todd, James Phillips, Jesse Turner, Thomas Vaughan, Robert Wilds, Wm. Watkins, James Whitley. Rev. David, Joseph, William and Ewing McLain were also some of the first settlers in the township, and were connected with Fort Kiucaid during the war of 1812. Connected with Fort Hempstead, which was also located in Franklin township, were Amos, Jesse and Otto Allbright, Aquilla, Abraham, James, John and Shadrach Barnes, Robert Barclay, Camp- bell and Delaney Bolan, David and Henry Burris, Prior Duncan, Stephen and John Field, John Hines, Usebines Hubbard, Asaph and Daniel Hubbard, Joseph Jolly, since of Jolly's bottom, Cooper county; John, David and Matthew Kincaid, Adam McCord, Daniel and John Monroe, John Mathews, Wm. Nash, Gilead Rupe, Enoch', Isaac and Wm. Taylor, Enoch Turner, Giles and Britton Williams, Frank Wood, and Henry Weeden. The above settlers all came prior to 1812. MRS. MARY JONES' RECOLLECTION OF EARLY DAYS. The only pei-son now living in Franklin Township, who was old enough while living in Fort Hempstead to take cognizance of what was then passing, is Mary Jones, or, as she is familiarly called, "Aunt HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 159 Polly Jones," formerly "Polly Snoddy." She is the daughter of Andrew Smith and Sarnh Scribner, and was born in Pulaski county, Kentucky, in 1801. Her father emigrated to Missouri, St. Charles county, in 1807, and stopped for several weeks with his family at the hospitable cabin of Daniel Boone, the distinguished hunter and pio- neer, who had come from Kentucky to St. Charles county, in 1795. After remaining in that county until 1809, Smith came up the Missouri river, accompanied by his family and bringing all his worldly goods. These he transported on one of Daniel Boone's boats — a kind of keel boat which had been used by the latter when sending salt, peltries, etc., to St. Louis. The propelling power of this water-craft consisted of a very simple piece of machiner}', to-wit : — a long pole, made gen- erally of some light wood, with an iron hook fixed in one end of it. One end of the pole was thrust down into the water, until it rested on the ground, and the other was adjusted to the arm. Against this the party or parties in the boat would push — walking the entire length of the boat and then repeat. The family reached Howard county, Franklin township, on the morning of July 3d, 1809, and landed near a cabin which had been erected by Amos Barnes. After their arrival and settlement, they found that they were truly in a wild country, and that their neighbors were very few. Among these Mrs. Jones remembers John Berry, David McLain, and William Brown. The family built a cabin and cleared a piece of ground, where they raised three small crops. In February, 1813, they went into Fort Hempstead, rather than return to St. Charles county, or Loutre island. The Indian war had commenced the spring before, and all the settlers were compelled to enter one of the forts, or seek another location, which would be out of danger. Sixteen persons left the fort for St. Charles county, but Andrew Smith determined to remain, and was made first corporal in Captain Sarshall Cooper's company. The two first settlers killed by the Indians (Todd and Smith), were kins- men of Mrs. Jones, the former a cousin and the latter her uncle. One among the first rumors of Indian outrages that occurred, Mrs. Jones says, happened in Cooper county (then a part of Howard). A pioneer by the name of Wm. Kamsey, after having erected a cabin, had occasion to leave home, going only two or three miles, leaving his wife and three children. While he was gone, a few of the Miami Indians went to the cabin where they found Mrs. Ramsey in bed, sick. Hav- ing had the erysipelas in her head, her hair was cut short like a man's, and the Indians, believing her to be a man, killed her in bed. After- 160 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. wards, discovering that she was a woman (hearing her children cry- ing and calling her mother), they took her body and roasted it on a fire which they made near the cabin, and burned her children after killing them with theirtomahawks. Among the early preachers in the fort, was Wm. Thorp, who was a Baptist. She spoke of another Baptist minister, Elder David McLain, who was the first man to pro- claim the "Gospel of Peace" to the settlers of the Boone's Lick country. Dr. James M. Peck, in his memoirs, speaks of Elder David McLain as follows : — The only one that remains to be noticed is Elder David McLain. He was the first Baptist minister that came from Central Kentucky to the Boone's Lick country with the first colony in 1810. Early in March, 1813, he started on horseback to Kentucky in company with a man named Young. They travelled without molestation till they reached Hill's ferry, on the Kaskaskia river, the old trace from St. Louis to Vincennes, via Carlyle, the seat of justice of Clinton county, Illinois. Three families that resided here, being alarmed by Indian signs, had left the ferry for one of the settlements in St. Clair county. The ferry-boat being fastened to the west bank, the two travellers crossed with their horses, and had not proceeded more than half a mile before they were fired on by Indians. Mr. Young was shot, and fell from his horse. Mr. McLain's horse was shot through the body, and fell, but the rider extricated himself, threw his saddle-bags into the bush, and ran for his life, with several Indians in chase. Soon after, all the Indians fell back but one stout, athletic fellow, that seemed deter- mined not to lose his prey. Elder McLain was encumbered with a thick overcoat, with wrappers on his legs, and boots and spurs on his feet. The Indian fired and missed him, which gave him the chance to throw off his overcoat, in hopes the prize would attract the atten- tion of his pursuer. The other Indians having fallen back, Mr. McLain made signs of surrender as this one approached him, having loaded his gun. In this way he deceived his foe till he got within a few feet, when he assumed an attitude of defiance, watched his mo- tions, and, at the instant he fired, dodged the ball, and then, with all the energy he could command, ran for his life. The contest con- tinued more than one hour, during which his foe fired at him seven times. In one instance, as he threw his breast forward, unfortunately, he threw his elbow back and received the ball in his arm. During the chase he contrived to throw off his boots and spurs. They had run three or four miles in the timber bottom down the rivei% and at a bend came near the bank. Elder McLain found himself nearly ex- hausted, and it seemed to him his last chance of escape was to swim the river. He plunged in, making the utmost effort of his remaining strength, and yet he had to keep an eye constantly fixed on his wily foe, who had loaded his gun for the eighth time, and from the bank brought HISTORY- OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 161 it to a poise, and fired a second time after McLain dove in deep water. By swimming diagonally down the stream he had gained on his pur- suer, who, with the savage yell peculiar on such occasions, gave up the chase and returned to his band. Doubtless his report to the braves was that he had followed a "Great Medicine," who was so charmed that his musket balls could not hurt him. On reaching the shore, Mr. McLain was so exhausted that it was with the utmost difficulty he could crawl up the bank, for he was in a profuse perspiration when he plunged into the cold water. He was wet, chilled through, badly wounded, and could not stand until he had rolled himself on the ground, and rubbed his limbs to bring the blood into circulation. It was thirty-five miles to the JBadgley settle- ment, where Elder Daniel Badgley and several Baptist families lived, which Mr. McLain, after incredible effort and suffering, reached the next morning. There, with his wounded arm and a burning fever, he lay several weeks, till some of his friends came from the Boone's Lick settlements and took him to his family. A party of volunteers went over the Kaskaskia river, buried Mr. Young, found McLain's saddle-bags, with the contents safe, but saw no Indians. Mrs. Jones says, while in the fort, if any man went to sleep on his watch, while acting as sentinel, the penalty imposed for his contre- temps, was the grinding of as many pecks of corn with a hand-mill, as there were widows in the fort (Hempstead). There were seven widows in the fort and each became the recipient of a peck of meal, whenever the sentinel slept on duty. James Barnes taught school in Fort Kincaid. Among the first blacksmiths in and out of the forts, were Wm. Canole, Charles Canole and a man named Whitley. The first school teacher outside of the forts, in the township, was Grey Bynum, who was also the first circuit court clerk. Mr. Bynum was a South Carolinian by birth, and came to Howard county among the first emigrants. His school was taught in a cabin which stood near the present Hickman grave yard, and about one mile south of the present residence of Christopher Burckhartt. DESCRIPTION OF THE SCHOOL HOUSE. As the building in which this original school of the country was taught would be regarded in this day and age as something of an architectural wonder, we will describe it : — It was erected by the people of the neighborhood ; was built of round logs, the space between them chinked and then daubed with mud. About five feet from the west wall, on the inside, and about five feet high, another log was placed, running clear across the build- ing. Puncheons were fixed on this log and in the west wall on which 162 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. the chimney was built. Fuel could then be used of any length not greater than the width of the building, and when it was burned through in the middle, the ends were crowded together ; in this man- ner was avoided the necessity of so much wood chopping. There was no danger of burning the floor, as it was made of dirt. The seats were made of stools or benches, constructed by splitting a log, and hewing off the splinters from the flat side and then putting four pegs into it from the round side, for legs. The door was made of clapboards ; no windows. Wooden pins were driven into a log run- ning lengthwise, upon which was laid a board, and this constituted the writing desk. Although not a professional teacher, Mr. Bynum esteemed it a — Delightful task, to rear the tender thought, To teach the young idea how to shoot,- and achieved for himself such a reputation in the community that his patrons said — He was a scholar, and a ripe and good one. Attending this pioneer school, were the children of the neighbor- hood, within a radius of five miles. Among these, was Mrs. Jones, Matthew Kincaid, Dorcas Kincaid, the Alcorn children, the Hubbards and others. Mrs. Jones has in her possession two of the school books that she then studied. These are very old and faded in appearance. They are "Kentucky Preceptor" and "Lessons in Elocution," and were published about the year 1800. The date of publication of each was torn out, but we ascertained about the time they were issued by reading some of their contents, treating of events which took place about the period mentioned. These books, were purchased by Daniel Boone, in St. Louis, between 1810 and 1812, whither he had gone with a load of skins and furs. A few of the neighbors in Franklin township, from whom he purchased peltries, requested him to bring them some text-books, and these were two of the selections made by him. Judge Abiel Leonard, also taught a school soon after his arrival in 1819, in the same township, near Old Franklin. Being an obscure and humble pedagogue, he afterwards reached the most honorable and exalted judicial position in his adopted State, — being appointed judge of the Supreme court, — which position he filled with marked ability, until he was compelled to resign on account of ill health. The first marriage that occurred in Franklin township, and prob- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 163 ably the first in Howard county, was that of Eobert Cooper and Elizabeth Carson, in the spring of 1810. The ceremony took place at the residence (log cabin) of the bride's father, Lindsay Carson, who was the father of "Kit" Carson, the great scout. The invited guests were numerous, embracing the entire neighborhood. Mr. Carson sought to make the occasion one of business as well as pleasure, for after the marriage had been solemnized, the male por- tion of the guests, assisted him in raising a house, the groom being one of the most active workmen present'. Mrs. Jones says the first birth in the county (and in Franklin township, occurred in the family of Elder David McLain. The first persons to die from disease were Daniel Monroe's wife and infant child. Thomas Smith was the first shoemaker in all the Boone's Lick country, and his wife, Sarah, was an adept in the art of making moc- casins. Dr. Tighe was the pioneer physician of the township, and made his home for a short time at Andrew Smith's. While Mrs. Jones was stopping at the house of Daniel Boone, in St. Charles county, she saw the old hunter eating raw-meat quite often. He seemed to be especially fond of raw venison and preferred it to the most delicately cooked and highly seasoned viands. His early life was such — living almost constantly in the woods — that he was at times compelled to eat raw meat, and becoming habituated to the use of it, he' learned to like it. Mrs. Jones, is now in the eighty-second year of her age, and is in the enjoyment of good health and an excellent, vivid memory. She resides with her son, James Snoddy, who was a child by a former marriage. She is active and industrious, and voluntarily does her part of the household work — preferring a life of industry, even at her advanced age, to a life of indolence and ease. When asked whether she would like to live over again the years of her pioneer life, she answered with much earnestness: " If I knew where there was such a country as this was seventy years ago, I would go to it, as old as I am." We hope that the brittle thread of life may be lengthened out to this octogenarian many spans, and that byv and by it may be said of her : — Of no distemper, of no blast she died, But fell like autumn fruit that mellow'd long ; Even wondered at, because she dropt no sooner. Fate seemed to wind her up for four-score years ; Yet freshly ran she on ten winters more ; Till like a clock worn out with eating time, The wheels of weary life at last stood still. 164 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Matthew Mullins and sister, who now reside in Franklin township, were also in one of the forts (Hempstead), in 1815, but being small children, respectively two and four years of age, they now have no recollection of any of the early events that transpired during that memorable era in the history of the county. Mrs. Polly Jones, Matthew Mullins and sister are the only persons now living in Howard county, who lived in the forts. Ephraim McLain, of Saline county, and Samuel Cole and Thos. McMahan, and his brother Jackson, of Cooper county, also resided in the forts during the war of 1812, where they remained for several years. These are all the survivors of that early day that the author could hear of, now living in Howard and adjacent counties. There are doubtless a few others in California and elswhere throughout the country, but they are few in number, and are "Waiting by the river." KIT CARSON. Among the men who once lived in Franklin township, who afterwards achieved a notoriety in western annals, was the great scout, Kit Carson. He was born in Madison county, Kentucky, ou the 24th day of December, 1809, and his father, Lindsay Carson, emigrated to Howard county in 1810, bringing his family with him. After their arrival, they built a cabin and raised two small crops and then with other old settlers in that portion of the county, went into Fort Kincaid. After the war, his father appren- ticed him to David Workman, who then resided at Franklin, to learn the saddler's trade. He remained with Workman two years; his labors becoming irksome, he left, and in 1826, he joined a party destined for the Rocky mountains. Crossing the plains at that day was a dangerous undertaking. There were then no guides and charts, and nothing indicating springs and camp-grounds. These oases of the American Sahara, had not at that time been pressed by the feet of the white man. They had been trodden only by the buffalo, the wild horse and the savage Indian. The man, therefore, who crossed the plains to Santa Fe, was in every sense of the word, a hero. Kit went into Santa Fe, New Mexico, which country thereafter became the field of his remarkable and daring exploits. He remained in that country, until his death, which occurred in 1869. Quite a number of his relations now reside in Howard county. Among these, are Ham- ilton Carson, his brother, and George H., James T., Frank, George W., and Dudley Carson, his nephews. history or howard and cooper counties. 165 hardeman's garden. In the history of Franklin township, we should not forget to mention " Hardeman's garden," which was located about five miles above Old Franklin, nearly opposite to the mouth of the La Mine creek. It was a vine-clad, rose-covered bower, the prototype of the renowned " Tulip grove" of that public benefactor, Henry Shaw, of St. Louis. The founder of this celebrated garden, Mr. John Harde- man, was of German extraction, a gentleman of fortune, and pos- sessed remarkably fine taste in horticulture. He was ambitious to ex- cel in this inviting field, and to gratify his inclinations, laid off ten acres in an exact square for a botanic garden, sparing neither expense nor labor in adorning it with fruits, flowers and shrubs, indigenous and exotic. Serpentine walks, paved with shells, conducted the ad- miring visitor through this charming court of Flora, where, amid zephyrs of the richest perfume, flowers of the most beautiful hue greeted the eye, and fruits of the most delicious flavor tempted the palate. It was a place — Where opening roses breathing sweets diffuse, And soft carnations shower their balmy dews ; Where lilies smile in virgin robes of white, The thin undress of superficial light ; And varied tulips show so dazzling gay, Blushing in bright diversities of day. This beautiful garden was finally engulfed in the Missouri river, the first encroachment of that treacherous stream occurring in 1826, when a large portion of it was swallowed up. Mr. Hardeman, how- ever, continued the cultivation of such portions of the garden as were left, until about the time of his death, which took place in 1829. A sweet honeysuckle still grows in the yard where Mary S. Hanna now lives, in Fayette, that was taken from the Hardeman garden in 1829. At the date mentioned, Mrs. Louise Boone, wife of Hampton L. Boone, and Miss Malinda Owen, daughter of General Ignatius P. Owen, of Fayette, made a visit to the garden and, when leaving, Mr. Harde- man gave them the honeysuckle, then a small vine. This is the only relic of that once far-famed and lovely garden that exists in this part of the country. FRANKLIN. This town (named after Benjamin Franklin, the philosopher), afterwards called "Old Franklin," in contradistinction to New Frank- 166 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. lin, in the same township, was located on section 5, township 48, range 16, in 1816, on the river bank and opposite to Boonville, in Cooper county. It was selected in 1817 as the county seat of How- ard county, by Benjamin Estill, David Jones, David Kincaid, William Head and Stephen Cole, who were appointed commissioners for that purpose by the general assembly of Missouri. Hannah Cole's fort remained the county seat, however, until the second Monday in No- vember, 1817, when the circuit court met at Franklin the first time. (See Chapter III, this book.) The original town site occupied 100 acres of land and was purchased for Howard county by the commis- sioners who selected the county seat from James H. Benson, William V. Rector, John W. Scudder, James C. Ludlow, and Joseph Wig- gins, for $200. About two years after the town was laid out, an ad- dition was added, called "East Franklin." The town contained a public square which embraces two acres of ground. The square was levelled and grounds put in order by Andrew Smith and James Snoddy . The streets were generally eighty-seven feet wide. The first house built in Franklin (upon the authority of Mrs. Mary Jones, of whom we have spoken in the preceding pages), was erected by Amos Barnes. It was constructed of rough logs and stood near the river bank. The land office was located there, soon after it was founded, and it being the most western settlement, of any importance, in the state, and the starting point for the Santa Fe country, it increased rapidly in popu- lation and influence. Some of the best blood of Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee and other states, flowed in the veins of many of the citizens of Franklin. The town was noted for the intelligence, hospitality and enterprise of its people, a number of whom filled honorable po- sitions in the legislature, executive and judicial departments of the state, and not a few attained a national reputation as gallant soldiers and trusted statesmen. Among her illustrious citizens, whose names sparkle upon the historic page with a fadeless lustre, were: — Lil- burn W. Boggs, John Miller, Hamilton R. Gamble (each of whom were afterwards governor of the state), John F. Ryland, Abiel Leonard (afterwards judges of the supreme court of the state), General Robert P. Clark and Cyrus Edwards (the two latter distin- guished lawyers), Dr. H. Lane, Dr. J. H. Benson, Peter Ferguson, Dr. Charles Kavanaugh, Col. William Boone, Dr. J. J. Lowery, Grey Bynum, Dr. David Woods, Bennett Clark, General John B. Clark, Sr., S. C. McNees, John Ray, J. S. Finley, John Walker, Charles Woods, Thomas Hardeman, G. C. Sibley, John S. Brickey, Andrew S. Mc- Girk (afterwards judge), Price M. Prewitt, J. C. Ludlow, W. Moss, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 167 James Hickman, Judge David Todd, Stephen Donohoe, John Lamb, James D. Campbell, F. S. Grundy (nephew of Felix Grundy, of Ten- nessee), L. Switzler, H. V. Bingham (the great artist, whose accom- plished pencil has perpetuated many of the scenes and incidents re- sulting from the enforcement of Order No. 11), Alphonso Wet more (author of first Gazetteer of Missouri), Henry and Charles Carroll, Judge David Drake, Giles Samuel, Joshua and David Barton, J. B. Howard, William V. Rector, Natt Ford, James Callaway and Zacha- ria'h Benson. Although this list does not include the names of all who are entitled, to a niche in the temple of fame, yet these are suffi- ciently numerous and distinguished to challenge the admiration of the reader, and to light a glow of pride upon the cheek and in the eye of every Howard county man and woman, as they scan them over. We doubt whether any town containing no greater population than Franklin had, and reaching no greater age, can be found any- where in the United States, that can boast of so many eminent men. Its early achievements in commerce during the palmy days of the Santa Fe trade, were simply immense for that clay and time. The fol- lowing, copied from the Fayette Intelligencer of May 2, 1828, will give the reader some idea of the importance of this trade : — The town of Franklin, as also our own village, presents to the eye of the beholder, a busy, bustling and commercial scene, in buying, selling and packing goods, practising mules, etc., etc,, all preparatory to the starting of the great spring caravan to Santa Fe. A great number of our fellow citizens are getting ready to start, and will be off in the course of a week on a trading expedition. We have not the means of knowing how many persons will start in the first company, but think it probable the number will exceed 150, principally from this and the adjoining counties. They generally purchase their outfits from the merchants here at from 20 to 30 per cent advance on the Philadel- phia prices, and calculate to make from 40 to 100 per cent upon their purchases. They will generally return in the fall. We suppose the amount which will be taken from this part of the country this spring will not perhaps fall much short of $100,000 at the invoice prices. We wish them a safe and profitable trip, a speedy return to their families and homes in health, and they may long live to enjoy the profits of their long and fatiguing journey of nearly one thousand miles, through prairies inhabited only by savages and wild beasts. Among the pioneer merchants and business men of Franklin, were Hickman and Lamb from Kentucky. These gentlemen, owned and operated a large store, purchasing their goods (as the merchants of the town generally did) in Philadelphia. Claiborne F. Jackson, after- 168 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. wards governor of the state, was a clerk in this store in 1826. Joseph Simpson was also a merchant; he was an Englishman, and came to Franklin about the year 1822 ; he died in Franklin in 1828. Smith & Knox were merchants ; Smith was receiver in the land office. Giles Samuels was a business man. Alexander McCausland was also a merchant. Blois, a Canadian Frenchman, was a merchant. Moss Prewitt was a hatter, and afterwards became a banker in Columbia. There were as many as four manufacturers of hats in 1826, in the town. Barnes was probably the first blacksmith in the place. Mordecai owned the first livery stable. Jas. R. Abernathy assisted him in attending to it. Dr. H. T. Glenn, who moved to Cal- ifornia and became the largest farmer in that state, married a daughter of Abernathy. Henry V. Bingham, father of George Bingham, the well known artist and portrait painter, kept a hotel; so did Mrs. Peebles. The town had two or three grist mills from 1820 to 1828. John Harde- man operated a grist mill with carding machine attached. Shadrach Barnes ran a grist mill. The ferry was originally owned by Hannah Cole, who operated it as early as 1816 from the fort to Franklin. It was afterwards run by Rogers, of Boonville, Isaac Gearhardt and others. The bar of Franklin was ably represented in the persons of Judge George Tompkins, Charles French, Amos Reece (who afterwards resided in Plattsburg, Clinton county, Mo., and then moved to Leav- enworth, Kansas), F. S. Grundy, Andrew McGirk, John F. Rvland, Robert McGavick, Cyrus Edwards, and a number of others who were noted for their skill and ability as lawyers. (See chapter on bench and bar.) The Missouri Intelligencer, the first newspaper established west of St. Louis, was started here in 1819. (See Chap, entitled "The Press.") The Baptists organized a church in the town in 1819, the Method- ists one year later. No house of worship, however, was ever erected in the town by any denomination. The Old School Presbyterians organized a church in April, 1821. (See chapter on ecclesiastical his- tory. ) Travel between Franklin and St. Louis was done on horseback until 1820, when four-horse stages were put on the line. Soon after that, travel upon steamboats came gradually into use ; the fare being about the same by either mode — $10.50 for each passenger. Franklin continued to be the county seat of Howard county, until HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 169 1823, when it (the county seat) was located at Fayette, the latter town, being about the geographical centre of the county, after Cooper and Boone counties had been taken from its territory. Many of the citizens of Franklin, including the attorneys, soon came to Fayette to live. The great majority, however, continued to stand by the for- tunes of the old town, where they remained until the spring of 1828, when they were compelled to abandon their homes, because of the sudden caving in of a large portion of the town site. It is estimated that Franklin, during her palmiest days — from 1823 to 1826 — contaiued between 1,500 and 1,700 people. In 1828, on account of the overflow and the washing away of the town site, Franklin was almost entirely abandoned, her citizens going elsewhere to live; a number of these founded the town of New Franklin, within two miles of Old Franklin and in the same township. A Masonic lodge was organized at Old Franklin, in 1820. It was afterwards moved to New Franklin, where it was reorganized in 1852, and is now known as Howard Lodge No. 4. It was the fourth lodge of Freemasons, instituted in Missouri. Nothing now remains to mark the spot where once stood the proud, pretentious little city of Franklin, but a two-story brick,* now known as the "Franklin House," located immediately west of the depot. Two or three busi- ness houses, of modern architecture, occupy a portion of the old town-site — the extreme lower portion — but the town, itself, except- ing the house above mentioned, is a thing of the past. A LETTER. The following letter, written more than three-score years ago, by Mr. A. Fuller, who had been living in the Boone's Lick country about six mouths at the time he wrote, will be read, doubtless, with much interest by the citizens of the county to-day : Franklin, Mo., Dec, 1819. Dear Tom : — You need not scold ; I have had too much to do to write to you fel- lows that live in civilized society. Here I am, on the extreme frontier of the settlements of our country, but would not exchange places with you for all your boasted luxuries. I can, within a mile or so, kill * This was, at the time it was erected, the only brick building in the Boone's Lick country. It was built lor a school and was incorporated by the legislature in the winter of 1820, with Gen. Thos. A. Smith, Nathaniel Hutchinson, Jno. J. Lowery, George Tompkins, James C. Ludlow, Taylor Berry and Jonathan S. Findlay, as trustees. It is now the property of Broadus Smith, who operates it as a hotel. 170 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. as many prairie chickens as I choose, and all other game of the season. The settlers of the country moved out of the forts last spring, and are about as happy a set as you can find on the earth to think that the Indians are to let them alone hereafter. I have become acquainted with most of the citizens of the town. The Hon. Judge Todd and fumilv arrived here last summer, one of the most agreeable men and families that I have ever met. He is too liberal and kiud for his own good ; also Dr. Hutchinson, Dr. Lowery, and General Smith. I do not think you can understand the nobleness of such minds, as it is only here in the extreme west, where all have been accustomed to facing dangers every day, that they can be appreciated. We have three , stores in this thriving place : an old gentleman, Mr. Gaw ; Stanley & Ludlow, and Sanganette & Bright, all doing a fair business. We had two arrivals of steamboats during the summer, one a government boat, Western Engineer, on an exploring expedition. In place of a bowsprit, she has carved a great serpent, and as the steam escapes out of its mouth, it runs out a long tongue, to the perfect horror of all Indians that see her. They say, "White man bad man, keep a great spirit chained and build fire under it to make it work a boat ! " The other was a boat loaded with government supplies, for the troops in the forts above here, also two hundred thousand dollars in specie. A large portion of her cargo was Monongahela whiskey. It looks like a dispensation of Providence that she should be sunk soon after leaving. The officers and visitors were desecrating the Sabbath day by card playing and drinking. She left here and ran up to the head of' the first island above when she struck a snag and sank immedi- ately, without the crew being able to save anything out of her. There she lies with all her silver and freight on her. There are in the neigh- borhood several forts, that were used by the people during the Indian difficulties. Fort Hempstead, about three miles back from the river; Cooper's Fort, ten miles above here where were many of the hair- breadth escapes of the wild west. At one time, when it was besieged by a large body of Indians, and they needed to communicate with the fort here, not having any men to spare, a daughter* of Colonel Cooper vol- unteered to run the gauntlet, and mounting a fleet horse dashed through the Indians, reached the fort here, got the assistance needed, and was back in time to relieve her friends. Is there one of your city belles could do a similar feat? I guess not. I tell you, Tom, there is an independence and nobleness in the bearing of the young folks here, dressed in their home-made clothing, — the ease of gait and carriage, — that puts affectation and fine dresses in the shade. I am not carried * The Miss Cooper here spoken of, was the mother of the wife of the present Solon Shepherd, who resides near Fayette. This romantic and attractive little story was given much credence, even at that early day, among certain persons; the author heard of Miss Cooper's act of heroism soon after his arrival in Howard county, but after carefully inves- tigating the matter, he finds that the story had no foundation in fact, and exists in imagina- tion onty as a beautiful fiction. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 171 away entirely by the nobleness of the wild frontier people, but there is a frank generosity with them that you in the east know nothing of, there- fore you cannot appreciate it. There is also a fort across the river from here called Cole's fort, that had its share of trouble ; also one above the La Mine river. One of the men, Mr. McMahan, from there, was coming down to Cole's fort on business ; when about two miles above here he was fired upon and killed by the Indians. One of the young Coles and one of the Roups were cutting a bee-tree in the woods near the path, and it is thought the Indians were crawling on them, when Mr. McMahan, passing, was fired on and killed. The men, Cole and Roup, hurried back to their fort for aid, and went to see what mischief the red-skins had been doing. Mr. McMahan was shot through the body. He ran his horse toward the river for about a quarter of a mile when he fell dead. The Indians, it is thought, saw the two men running for the fort and thought it safest to leave, which they did without followingthe flying men. I believe I could have set till this time, hearing of the hair-breadth escapes of the earl}' settlers. They have laid out a town opposite here on the river, called Boonville, which they expect to eclipse this place, but the traders think Franklin will eclipse any town out west. I think likely it will if the river will let it alone I went over the river last summer to attend the first sale of lots, intending to purchase some to build on, but they were run up to a fabulous price, away beyond my reach. There were some of the voters who appeared to be affected by patriotism acquired at the only (what was termed) tavern in the place, kept by a hard looking old fellow named Reames, who bowed politely to all who came in and asked for something to drink, and I was told the whiskey had actually not had time to cool before it was dealt out to customers, having been brought all the way from a Mr. Houxe's where is a horse mill and distillery; so the people of Boonville, cannot only have liquor, but can have their corn ground ready for sifting. The mill and distillery are about a mile from the town. Adieu. POSTMASTERS. A statement showing the date of the establishment of the post-office at Old Franklin, together with the names of all the postmasters at the said office in the order of their appointment, and the date of aj>point- ment of each. Established April 20, 1821. April 20, 1821, Augustus Stores. October 20, 1823, Taylor Berry. December 13, 1824, Giles M. Samuel. August, 5, 1831, J. W. Redman. September 16, 1839, Wm. Harley. October 23, 1839, J. S. Lawson. 172 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. May 18, 1841, Geo. Chapman. October 6, 1843, Isaac N. Bernard. January 9, 1845, C. W Bartholemew. July 24, 1846, J. G. McCauley. December 14, 1848, Win. Neilson. September 17, 1850, Robert Colman. May 17, 1855, J. W. Chilton. June 22, 1805, J. G. McCauley. October 5, 1865, Return L. Bradley. April 2, 1866, G. E. Turner. December 1, 1868, James W. Chilton. September 7, 1874, Chs. E. Rainey. May 22, 1877, James M. Settle. January 26, 1882, J. J. McCauley. April 26, 1882, J. H. Sturdevant. NEW FRANKLIN. As already intimated, New Franklin owes its existence to the fall and final obliteration of Old Franklin, and was laid out in 1828, on he west half of section 28, township 49, range 16, which was then owned by James Alcorn. Many of the buildings of the old town were moved to the new. Among the earliest business men of that place, were James Alcorn, who built the first business house; Willis Roberson, the first black- smith ; M. Switzler, the first hotel-keeper. Among the early enter- prises, was a tanyard by Lewis Scott, a carding machine by Wm. Bowen and a rope factory by Bernard. The first and only lottery ever chartered by the state of Missouri, was started at this point, the purpose of which was to raise $15,000 in order to enable the town to build a railroad to the river. The charter was afterwards modified, so as to permit the construction of a plank road, and still later to embrace a macadamized public highway instead. This lottery fran- chise was finally disposed of by the town to a company in St. Louis, for five hundred dollars per year, and New Franklin has since em- ployed its receipts from this source, in completing a safe and enduring highway to the river. The town was incorporated February 7th, 1833. The original trustees were: Abiel Leonard, David Workman, Nathaniel Hutchison, Joshua Hobbs, Alphonzo Wetmore, Lewis Switzler, and Lindsay P. Marshall. The population at present numbers about two hundred and fifty HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 173 persons. The town contains one dry good store, two drug stores, one grocery, one harness shop, one mill, one blacksmith, one carpenter, one barber, three physicians, one hotel, two churches, one large, elegant brick school house, and three secret orders, the oldest of which is the A. O. U. W. New Franklin lodge No. 194, was organized July 17, 1880. The charter members were, George C. Edwards, Theo. H. Todd, A. S. Blankenbaker, Lemuel Frizell, Strother H. Todd, J. B. Ainsworth, Augustus Turner, E. T. Smith, W. T. Way land, G. S. Herndon, J. G. Whitton, Wm. M. Strongs, Joshua F. Crews, Levi Fuller, F. G. Canole, Y. Q. Bonham, James Randall, Wallace Estill, John M. Boggs, Jas. L. Gordon, Thomas J. Jordan, E. E. Dunaway, James D. Chorn and W. W. Smith. Present officers — G. S. Herndon, M. W. ; W. W. Gray, Fore- man; J. F. Crews, Overseer; E. E. Dunaway, Recorder; B. M. Chancellor, Receiver; Augustus Turner, Financier; J. J. Whitton, Guide ; S. H. Took, I. W. ; Wm. B. Webb, O. W. ; F. G. Canole, P. M. W. HOWARD LODGE NO. 4, A. F. AND A. M. Organized May 6, 1852, with the following members, Adam Lowry, James M. Chora, S. T. Hamm, H. Kingsbury, C. E. Wil- coxon, J. D. Thompson, A. H. Lee, W. M. Biles. First officers — Adam Lowry, W. M. ; James M. Choru, S. W. ; S. T. Hamm, J. W. ; H. Kingsbury, Treasurer; C. E. Wilcoxon, Secretary. Present officers— R. T. Kingsbury, W. M. ; W. E. McKinney, S. W. ; W. O. Cox, J. W. ; W. W. Smith, Treasurer; Geo. C. Edwards, Secretary ; number of members fifty-one. boone's lick lodge no. 57, I. O. O. F. was organized May 5th, 1852, with J. W. Chilton, N. G. Elliott, S. T. Hamm, E. H. Devins, and James S. White, as charter members. The names of the first officers and present officers failed^to reach the writer. ESTILL STATION is located on the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroad, '"near the centre of the township, on the northeast of southwest quarter, section 13 174 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 17, T. 48, R. 16, and was named in honor of Col. James R. Estill, a large landed proprietor and stock raiser, through whose land tbe rail- road passes. The town contains one store and blacksmith shop. The country surrounding Estill, is well improved, and is one of the most beautiful portions of Howard county. The farm houses are generally large and handsomely constructed; many of them being brick, and of modern style, while the yards and lawns in front of them are not only set in blue grass, but planted with shrubs, flowers, fruit and shade trees. INCIDENTS OF THE HIGH WATER OF 1844. The overflow of the Missouri river in 1844 is remembered by the old settler of to-day, as the highest water known within his recollec- tion. By actual measurement, the water was then six feet higher than it has been at any time since. The entire Missouri river bottom or low lands were submerged, many farms being covered to the depth of fifteen feet. The suffering among the people who occupied the overflowed districts was very great, many of them not only losing their houses, their stock and their crops, but losing their lives in their efforts to escape the mighty flood, which remained upon the land for nearly three weeks. A farmer who lived in the bottom, south of New Franklin about a mile, by the name of Lloyd, waited, during the rise, thinking every day the river would reach its highest point, and did not leave his cabin until he was compelled one morning to hastily make his exit through the roof. While getting out some of his household plunder, he spilt some corn meal on the roof of his cabin. The third day after leaving, Lloyd returned in his boat and found to his surprise that the roof of his cabin had been transformed into a menagerie of birds and animals. Among these was a cat, a dog, a coon, a fox, a rat, two chickens and a turkey. He observed that the meal was all gone, and was greatly surprised to find these animals living together in perfect harmony. A common misfortune had created among them a sym- pathetic feeling. The presence of the great flood had seemingly over-awed and overpowered their antagonistic natures, and like the "lion and the lamb" of prophetic history, they were dwelling together in peace. Another farmer, who resided in the bottom, lost a very valuable horse. The day he left his cabin this horse was driven with other horses and stock to the hills for safe keeping. Some days afterwards HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COdPER COUNTIES. 175 the horse was missing, and was not found until the waters had receded when he was discovered (at least such portions of him as were left), hanging by one of his hind feet in some grapevines fully fifteen feet above the ground, having on the same halter that he wore when he left. C H A P T E E VIII. EICHMOND TOWNSHIP. Boundary — Physical Features — Early Settlements — Churches — Richmond — Fay- ette — Its Early History — Business Men — Business — Incorporated — First and Present Officials — Banks and Bankers — Court House and Public Square — Facts and Incidents — Cholera in 1832 or 1833 — Cholera in 1849 — Cholera in 1855 and in 1873 — Meteoric Phenomenon — Secret Societies — Central and titoward Col- leges — Their History — Fire — Postmasters — Business Houses of Fayette — Public School. BOUNDARY . This is the central portion of the county, and contains seventy-two square miles. It remains as first formed in 1821, excepting sections 19, 20, 21, which were attached to Burton township in 1880. It is bounded on the north by Prairie and Burton townships, on the east by Bonne Femme and Moniteau, on the south by Moniteau and Franklin, and on the west by Boone's Lick and Chariton townships. PHYSICAL FEATURES. This township is admirably drained, the principal streams being Bonne Femme, Adam's fork, Leonard's branch, Salt cre^k, Doe creek and Dry creek. These are well distributed in the various sections of the township. The timber is in great abundance, and of an excellent quality — no prairie. The land is rolling and underlaid with a fine stratum of coal, and is well adapted to agricultural pur- poses. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. The pioneer settler of Kichmond township seems to have been, from the most authentic sources, one Hiram Fugate, who was one of the original settlers of Franklin township — a private in Capt. Sar- shall Cooper's company and connected with Fort Kincaid, where he remained during the Indian hostilities of 1812. His cabin stood near the present site of Central college ; the northen part of Fayette was located on the south part of his land, and the southern part of the town on a portion of the claim owned by Hickerson Burnham, who «ettled in the township in 1819. (176) HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 177 George Craig and Colonel Philip Traraell established salt works near the present railroad depot near Fayette, in 1819, and conducted the business for several years. The next settler was the father of Colonel McKinney, of Texas fame, in the same year. In the spring of 1819, John Jackson took a claim near McKinney, also James Eeed, William Harris, and Joseph Gill. In the spring of 1818, Henry Burnham opened a farm north of Fayette and was joined the same year -by James Howell, Thomas Low, Joseph Sears, Townsend Brown, Win. Reynolds, and Enoch Kemper. Mr. Kemper was county assessor a number of years ; he had a family of nine children and each alternate child was born blind. Thomas Collins and Robert Reynolds each made a settlement north of Fayette, in the spring of 1819. In 1820, Colonel Benj. Reeves, father-in-law of Judge Abiel Leonard, purchased the farm of Town- send Brown, and was a member of the first constitutional convention of the state ; he was afterwards elected lieutenant-governor, and was one of the commissioners appointed to view the first road to New Mexico. Bennett Clark, father of General John B. Clark, Sr., who came in 1818, and located three miles east of Fayette, was one of the first state senators from Howard county, and was often in the legislature. The same year Andrew Fielding located one and a half miles east, and Wm. Snell, in 1819, about two miles northeast of Fayette. David Todd, of Cooper's fort, whose brother Jonathan was killed by the Indians, settled in the neighborhood of Bennett Clark in 1818. Gar- rison Patrick and Watt Ewing settled in the township in 1819. Joel Prewitt, the father of Robert Prewitt, settled here in 1821, three miles west of Fayette. Also Philip Turner, father-in-law of General John B. Clark, Sr. ; Alfred Basey, father-in-law of Judge George Miller, of Jefferson City, settled on the Turner farm in 1820, selling to Philip Turner in 1821 ; Wm. Hughes, one of the first tanners of the county, settled in the vicinity of Mbunt Moriah Baptist church, about 1820, and donated the land on which the church was erected, and was joined the same year by his brother Roland Hughes . In the neighborhood of Judge Ben. Tolson, there was also made a settle- ment very early; among these settlers were Amos Deatherage, 1817 ; John Tolson, the judge's father, 1819 ; Mathew Howard, 1819 : Pen- dleton Bridges, 1814, and about the same dates, John Cleeton, James Weathers, Andrew Evans, James Burge, General Ignatius P. Owens, Jonathan Bozarth, James Shephard, Enoch Fly, Neheriah Todd, Truman Nailor, Thomas Tolson, David R. Downing, George Staple- 178 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ton, Harrison Stapleton, Moses Hyatt, George Burris, Thomas Howard, Henry Saling, Richmond Gage, Hickman Buman, W. B. Hauna, Willis Grimes, Hugh Shields, James Masters, and Robert Brown. RICHMOND. This was the name of an old business point which was situated south of the present town of Fayette, in what was known as, the Spanish needle district. The township took its name after it. It contained one small store of general merchandise and a blacksmith shop. It now lives only in the memory of the old settler. FAYETTE. The county seat of Howard county, is located on parts of sections 11 and 12, in township 50, range 16. It was named in honor of General Lafayette, whom all Americans loved because of his patriotic and distinguished services rendered their country, in the war of the revolution. In 1823, when the town was laid out, the news had just been received that Lafayette would soon visit the United States. This visit, however, did not take place until the- following year, 1824. His landing at New York, and reception by the people, who had gath- ered upon the wharfs by the tens of thousands, is most beautifully and graphically described by that matchless orator and statesman, S. S. Prentiss, in his incomparably grand and eloquent eulogy upon the life and services of that great man. Fayette was located by Jonathan Crawley, Win. Head, Samuel Wallace, Glenn Owens and Samuel Hardin, Sr. Hiram Fugate and Hickerson Burnham, each donated twenty-five acres of laud for the county seat. Judge Alfred Morrison, who was afterwards sheriff and county judge of the county, surveyed the town site, assisted by John Jackson, Samuel Hardin and others, who were the chain bearers. After the town was laid out, Elisha Witt erected the first house which was constructed of logs, and located on the ground where Howard college now stands. Although this was the first house built in the town, the logs for another house had already been prepared by Gen. Ignatius P. Owen, and was erected the day following by the general, who had assisted Witt in raising his house. These buildings were intended for hotels and were conducted by their proprietors as such for many years. General Owen's hotel was located on the south- east corner of the public square. These houses were erected in the fall of 1824. The pioneer business man of the town was named O'Neal. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 179 His stock was very small and was sold in a log house on the lot where Captain Brooks' livery stable now stands. After remaining a short time O'Neal sold to John Nanson, an Englishman. Nanson died in Fayette from a cancer. The next merchant was Waddy T. Curran, who sold goods in a log hou&e on the corner of the street south of Boughner, Tolson & Smith's grocery. A few years thereafter, Curran moved to Himtsville, Randolph county, Missouri, where he died. Dr. William T. McLain was the first physician ; Samuel T. Crews was the second, and John A. Haldermau was the third. Halderman is now minister to one of the South American states. Matthew Simonds was the original village blacksmith. Here smokes his forge ; he bares his sinewy arm And early strokes his sounding anvil warm, Around his shop the steely sparkles flew As out of steel he shapes the bending shoe. Lawrence J. Daly taught the first school in the town, in a log cabin which now stands in the yard where Mrs. Mary S. Hanna now lives. Mr. Daly was a native of Ireland. He was the father of Mrs. Samuel C. Major, and Mrs. Dr. John Talbot, the latter now deceased. He died in Fayette. Among his pupils were William C. Boone's wife, John P. Sebree's wife, Elizabeth Garner, Susan Garner, Stephen Garner, Jesse W. Garner, Artimesia McLain, Sallie McKinney, Euphe- mia McKinney, Nancy Reynolds, Susan Reynolds, Eleanora Spencer, Miss A. Spencer, Joseph Hardin, William Wilson, Thomas Taylor, Townsend Taylor, Humphrey Taylor, and Mrs. Mary S. Hanna. There were other schools kept in the town between 1825 and 1834, by both male and female teachers, but at the latter date a most excellent educational institution called the Fayette academy was established by Archibald Patterson. The building was constructed of brick, one story high, and contained two rooms. It was located a little to the left and south of Central college. Mr. Patterson came from Ohio ; he was a man of classical attainments and quite success- iul as a teacher. His school continued until 1844, when he went to Marion county, and then to Lexington, Missouri, where he died from an accident. The first resident minister was Rev. Augustus Pomeroy, an Old School Presbyterian, who held services in the school-house spoken of. He was also a school teacher. Rev. Ebenezer Rodgers, a missionary Baptist preacher held religious services occasionally in the town. He resided in the country. Rev. William W. Redmond (Methodist), 180 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. was a circuit-rider at an early day in the county, and was the presiding elder in 1826. The first house of worship was erected by the Baptists in 1824. Washington Shepherd was the first tailor. The first death in the town was that of Miss Elraira Whitton ; hers was the first grave in the cemetery. The first Sunday-school was organized by Rev. Augustus Pome- roy. Eeuben Johnson, Elijah Mock and William Taylor were the first carpenters and builders. Hickerson Burnham erected the first large brick residence ; it occupied the corner where Bell's grocery store now stands. The first jeweller was Joel Gill. William Jones, Sr., was the firstjwagon-maker. Richard Law built the first tobacco factory. The first gunsmiths wei-e Jesse Riddleberger and Gabriel Oldham. Jesse Whitton had the honor of erecting the first mill — a horse mill, one set of buhrs. James Spencer had a carding machine and mill com- bined — inclined tread wheel. John A. Johnson operated an inclined tread-wheel carding machine. A man by the name of Purdon ran a linseed oil mill, and about this time James Dunn erected a steam saw mill. Wash Shepherd and — Hurt had a saddle manufactory. John R. White was also a saddler. Marly and Cole were hatters and made all kindsjof hats. Boone Fly and S. C. Major operated a furniture manufactory. INCORPORATED. The town was incorporated by the county court in November, 1826, with Samuel T. Crews, Elijah Whitton, Lawrence J. Daly, Jos- eph Gill and Robert Wilson as trustees. It was reincorporated in May, 1830, with James T. Shirley, Alfred W. Morrison, John A. Hal- derman, Elijah Whitton and Joseph Gill as trustees. W. R. Snelson was the first mayor, elected in 1855. The councilmen were : — Langfoot Cook and Gabriel H. Oldham, from First ward. W. T. Lucky and Jas. Gregory, Second ward. W. T. Lucky, clerk. Samuel C. Major, Sr., treasurer. Wm. Mitchell, marshal. PRESENT CITY OFFICIALS. W. F. Mitchell, mayor. James Waters, councilman, First ward. A. F. Davis, " << " Jno. T. Tolson, " Second " HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 181 Win. Shafroth, councilman Second ward. John Crump, marshall. Joseph Pulliam, treasurer. Leland Wright, clerk. Jordan Cullar, street commissioner. BANKS AND BANKERS. About the year 1838, the " Branch of the Bank of the State of Mis- souri at Fayette," was established with Dr.. J. J. Lowry as president and C. F. Jackson, cashier. It was operated until 1864, when it was discontinued. During that year the bank was broken into by the scouts and camp followers of the southern army. The bank, however, did not lose anything by the robbery, but Howard county suffered a loss of $28,000, the county having on deposit at that bank that much money. The second banking institution in Fayette was the private bank of A. Hendrix & Co., established September, 1865. The company was composed of A. Hendrix and Thomas J. Payne. Payne sold his interest to his partner, A. Hendrix, in 1869, and Hendrix continued in business until May, 1876, when he died. Mr. A. Hendrix was succeeded by the Hendrix bank, June 1, 1876. A. F. Davis succeeded the Hendrix bank in August, 1878. March 1, 1871, the Fayette bank was organized with E. T. Prewitt as president, and Thomas J. Payne as cashier. July 1. 1878, the Fayette bank was purchased by Thomas J. Payne and B. P. Williams, who now operate it as Payne & Williams. Thomas J. Payne was elected president of Fayette bank in September, 1873, and B. P.Wil- liams, cashier. The two latter banks (A. F. Davis, and Payue & Williams) are the only banks that are now doing business in Fayette. Each of these are supplied with "safes and time locks, and such other conveniences and improvements as are possessed by similar institutions of modern times. COURT-HOUSES . There have been but two court-houses in Howard county. A temporary wooden structure was provided in 1817, at Old Franklin, upon the location of the county seat at that place, but no building was erected and designed especially for a court-house, until 1824, when one was built at Fayette, soon after the town became the seat of justice. At that period, the first brick court-house was completed by 182 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. a Mr. Game, who took the contract for building it. That building was occupied until 1859, a period of thirty-five years, when the present court-house was erected. It is a two story brick with main building and wings. It has a neat and attractive appearance, and is a building of considerable magnitude, containing beside the court-room and jury-rooms, eight offices, with floors made of tile. The upper portion of the building, which projects in front and forms a portico, is supported by four large and lofty columns, which resemble in appearance light gray limestone. The roofing is tin, and is flanked on the sides and ends, with a balus- trade, made of brick, the whole surmounted with a handsome and graceful cupola, upon the summit of which, is stationed a weather vane and brazen eagle. PUBLIC SQUARE. The town of Fayette was laid out with reference more especially to the smoothness of the surface of the land, than with reference to the cardinal points of the compass. The public square was thus laid out, and the streets had to be adjusted accordingly. The consequence is, the streets do not run east and west or due north and south. The stranger visiting Fayette, would never know without being told, that what he would suppose to be the northeast corner of the public square, is not in fact the northeast corner, but the. corner of the square point- ing due north. So difficult has been this question of a correct solution at all times, even to those who reside in the town, that the •county court, some years ago, had the initial letters representing the points of the compass placed upon the cupola of the court-house, so that the mystery could be solved at a mere glance. Although the surveyor did not lay off the town according to the points of the compass, he succeeded most admirably in selecting a most elegant site for the public square. It embraces about one acre of ground, which is enclosed with a neat and substantial iron fence. It is covered with a luxuriant growth of blue grass, and is interspersed with shade trees, which add much to the beauty of the place. A broad brick pavement surrounds the square, just outside of which stands a row of soft maples, which afford an abundant shade. FACTS AND INCIDENTS. Fayette had a fire engine in 1838. A public meeting was held in Fayette, April 17, 1841, to express public sorrow at the death of President Harrison. General Eobert Wilson was president of the meeting. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 183 The committee on resolutions was composed of General John B. Clark, Joel Prewitt, Dr. Samuel T. Crews, James Brown, S. C. Major and Colonel J. H. Birch. The 4th of July, 1842, was celebrated at Fayette in a grand style. Thomas L. Belt was the orator of the occasion. Adam Hendrix read the declaration of independence. Among the toasts was the following : — «' The memory of Boone, Cooper and Hancock — while the tall forest stands around us, here and there interspersed with the improve- ments of the pioneer, these names cannot be forgotten upon the waters of the great Missouri." In the fall of 1843, Claiborne F. Jackson, Leland Wright, John Jackson, J. J. Lowry, N. G. Elliott, Robert Lynch and others, extended a written invitation to Colonel Thomas H. Benton, to come to Fayette and partake of a public dinner in his honor. W. R. Singleton made a map of Howard county in 1844. Mrs. Torode taught school in Fayette in 1845. , Sons of Temperance, Howard county division, No. 34, was organized in Fayette December 31, 1848. The officers were: W. T. Lucky, W. P. ; R. Lynch, W. A. ; W. McNair, R. S. ; S. T. Preston, A. R. S. ; J. Bradley, F. S. ; A. Mitchell, T. ; Rev. A. Scarritt, C. ; E. K. Atterbury, A. C. ; W. W. Mitchell, I. S. ; D. Doffmyer, O. S. On July 11, 1852, the people of Howard county assembled at the College chapel at Fayette, to pa,j appropriate honors, upon receiving news of the death of Henry Clay. Addresses were delivered by Robert T. Prewitt, General John B. Clark and Major C. F. Jackson. On Monday, the 4th day of June, 1855, the people, irrespective of party, met at the court-house at Fayette to express their views in reference to the " Fanatics of Kansas, Missouri and elsewhere." The following gentlemen were appointed a committee on resolutions : W. M. Jackson, G. M. B. Mangh, N. G. Elliott, F. M. Grimes, J. J. Lowery, Sr., Jno. B. Clark, Jr., G. W. Morehead, J. F. Finks, SetonE. Graves, Joseph Cooper, Morgan A. Taylor, Taylor Hughes, Thomas Payne, C. C. P. Hill, H. L. Brown, Rice Patterson, J. W. Henry and others. Owen Rawlins was president, R. C. Hancock, secretary. A subsequent meeting of a similar character was held at the same place, when a large number of delegates from Howard county were appointed to attend the Pro-slavery convention which met at Lexing- ton, Missouri, July 12, 1855. 184 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. CHOLERA. Cholera made its appearance in Fayette the first time, ia 1832 or 1833. There was one case in 1849. Dr. C. R. Scott, of Fayette, made a visit to his native State, Virginia, duriug that year, and took the disease while returning home; he died after his return. The cholera again made its appearance in August, 1855. Among those who died in the town were Mrs. Catherine Marley and John A. John- son. Harrison and Cleveland Stapleton died in the country. It made its appearance again, in its most virulent form, in 1873, there being fifty-three deaths out of fifty-six cases. A physician who passed through it and witnessed its effects in all its various phases during that year, gives the following account of the same : — CHOLERA AT FAYETTE IN 1873. [Prepared by U. S. "Wright, M. D.] This epidemic was brought to our town July 19, 1873, by a Swede, who had been a laborer on the railroad, which was then being constructed through the town. From the best information, he had been drinking several days when he came to Fayette, arriving here on the night of the 18th, from Boonville. I was called to see him early on the morning of the 19th, and found him in a collapsed state, called a consultation and did all we could, but the patient never rallied, dying in five or six hours. This man died in a boarding- house, constructed from the lumber of an old livery stable, built on the same ground, consequently the surroundings seemed to be quite favorable to an outbreak of the disease. There were, perhaps, fifty men boarding at this house. It was only a few days when two more of the railroad men (laborers) were attacked in the same manner and died in twenty-four hours or less time. This produced a great ex- citement among the citizens, which amounted almost to a panic in a few days thereafter. The colored people had a picnic near the town, and the next day the medical authorities positively announced that five negroes had died with the dreaded disease, and that several others of that race had the symptoms of cholera. The citizens organized a sanitary committee under the auspices of the medical faculty, and used their best efforts to abate the ravages of the oriental plague in Fayette. Nurses for the sick and dying were provided, and others were appointed whose duty it was to see the dead decently interred. About three-fourths of the population of the town fled, and remained away until they supposed the disease had run its course, when they HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 185 would return, waiting just long enough for another outbreak when they would again flee. The disease continued to attack and kill our people until the 9th of September, when the last case occurred in the community. As soon as the news had been heralded abroad that all danger was past, the absent citizens returned. Fifty-three persons had been carried off by the disease, and among this number were some of the best- citizens of the town. As far as known, there had been fifty-six cases of cholera, but three recovering, showing the malignant character of the disease. There were, however, many cases of cholerine, which would have turned into genuine cholera had it not been for the physicians and kind nursing. The cause of the epidemic seems to be still veiled in mystery. There were, at the time, quite a number of laboring men gathered in camps and boarding-shanties, engaged in building railroads, in and near the town, and also many negroes crowded together in every available house in the city ; these facts, coupled with the further fact, that the town was poorly supplied with privy-vaults, and those in use were neglected and uncleanly — I think furnished at least some of the causes for the pestilence prevailing here, after its germ had been imported. The town at that time was almost wholly supplied with water from wells, and this drinking water question is known to be an important factor in the spread of this plague. Ours is a limestone district, but it is now thought that the geological structure of the soil has but little influence upon the disease, and it is admitted that it is the physical rather than the mineralogical structure that produces cholera. Another cause for its propagation here may have been found in the number of stagnant pools of water in the vicinity, caused by the railroad dumps at many points along the line of the road. The disease here was very unmanageable, as the cases advanced very rapidly into the collapsed condition. Calomel, given in small doses, seemed to be the most efficient remedy. With my experience with cholera, I would advise immediate flight, as the best plan of getting rid of so formidable an adversary, upon the part of the citizens of any community, whenever the disease appears. A METEORIC PHENOMENON. Between three and four o'clock on Wednesday morning, Novem- ber 13, 1833, there occurred in Fayette, and in every town and county throughout the United States, a meteoric phenomenon, the splendor of which never passed from the memory of those who witnessed it. 186 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. It has since been known and remembered, as " the falling of the stars." In the firmament above, and all around the horizon, were beheld innumerable balls of tire of a whitish, pallid color, rushing down and across the sky, drawing after them long luminous trains, which clothed the whole heavens in awful majesty, and gave to the air and earth a pale and death-like appearance. An inconceivable number of meteors shot athwart and downwards from the heavens, as though the whole framework of the blue and cloudless arch above had been shaken. These luminous bodies had the appearance of* flying through the air with great rapidity, occasioning the greatest wonder among the beholders, mingled with fear and consternation. Some described them as the slow and sparse descent of large flakes of snow, and that each flake, becoming ignited in its passage, fused like a bombshell before bursting, leaving a long, lurid light in its wake, and that tens of thousands of these, continued to descend' and scatter, each becoming extinct before reaching the earth. SECRET SOCIETIES. Lafayette Lodge, No. 47, A. F. and A. M., organized October 17, 1842. Charter members — Priestly H. McBride, G. M. ;• Samuel "" T. Crews, David Kunkle, Win. G. -Kerley. First officers — Samuel T. Crews, W- M. ; David Kunkle, S. W. ; W. G. Kerley, J. W. ; Wm. Taylor, Treasurer ; James H. San- ders, Secretary ; A. H. McDonald, S. D. ; I. L. Johnson, J. D. ; L. Crigler, T. Present officers— Theo. F. Woods, W. M. ; M. A. Boyd, S. W. ; Uriel S. Wright, J. W. ; Thos. G. Deatherage, Secretary; Thos. J. Payne, Treasurer; John Talbot, S. D. ; James Waters, J. D. ; Wm. F.fTieman, T. Temple commandery, No. 38, organized March 15, 1882, with S. B. Cunningham, A. F. Davis, Jno. B. Clark, Jo. W. Finks, Jno. S. Elliott, R. P. Williams, J. T. Smith, W. A. Mathaws, Jas. B. Brooks, W. A. Dudgeon and J. C. Ferguson. Present officers — Sid. B. Cunningham, E. C. ; Arthur F. Davis, M. C. ; Julius C. Ferguson, C. G. ; E. P. Williams, P.; Jas. T. Smith, E. ; M. A. Boyd, Treasurer ; Jas. B. Brooks, S. W. ; Robert C. Clark,*J. W. ;£L. S. Prosser, S. B. ; W. F. Mitchell, S. B. ; W. A. Dudgeon, W. Fayette| Chapter, No. 94, organized with the following charter members —W. A. Dudgeon, J. C. Ferguson, Thomas G. Deatherage, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 187 K. C. Clark, R. P. Williams, S. B. Cunningham, James B. Brooks, J. L. Morrison, Jo. H. Finks. First officers — W. A. Dudgeon, H. P.; J. C. Ferguson, K. ; Thomas G. Deatherage, S. ; R. C. Clark, C. H. ; R. P. Williams, P. S. ; J. B. Brooks, R. A. C. ; S. B. Cunningham, secretary ; J. L. Morrison, treasurer; Theo. F. Woods, M. 3d. V.; J. T. Smith, M. 2d.V. ; J. T. Bailey, M. 1st. V. ; N. B. Corprew, G. Present officers — William A. Dudgeon, H. P. ; Julius C. Fergu- son, K. ; Nestor B. Cooper, S. ; M. A. Boyd, C. H. ; R. C. Clark, P. S. ; John Talbot, R. A. C. ; Theo. F. Woods, M. 3d. V. ; James B. Brooks, M. 2d. V. ; Uriel S. Wright, M. 1st. V. ; S. B. Cunning- ham, secretary; Walter C. Knaus, treasurer; W. F. Tieman, guard. A. O. U. W. charter members of Ciucinnatus Lodge, No. 143, A. O. U. W.— John A. McKinney, H. A. Norris, C. E. Burckhartt, Joel W. Morris, C. J. Walden, John Dinkle, John C. Herndon, L. S. Prosser, James Waters, N. B. Cooper, Thomas Ward, W. C. Arline, A. F. Willis, W. B. Anderson, S. C. Major, A. J. Furr, J. F. Agee, 0. G. Willis, Thomas B. Brooks, John B. Dickerson and James P. Morrison. First set of officers — John C. Herndon, P. M. W. ; L. S. Pros- ser, M. W. ; N. B. Cooper, G. F. ; James Waters, O. ; W. C. Arline, G. ; C. J. Walden, recorder; Joel W. Morris, F. r J. A. McKinney, R. ; John Dinkle, I. W- ; H. A. Norris, O. W. ; J. A. McKinney, medical examiner. Present officers — H. A. Norris, P. M. W. ; Thomas Ward, M. W. ; James Waters, G. F. ; James F. Agee, O. ; A. F. Willis, recorder; C. Rosenbaum, R. ; U. S.Wright, F. ; F. Marsden, G. ; ' James Armstrong, I. W. ; M. L. Skillman, O. W. Howard Lodge, No. 10, I. O. O. F., charter members — Thomas M. Davis, C. H. Green, David Kunkle, James S. Jackson, James M. Major. Established April 8, 1844. First officers — Thomas M. Davis, N. G. ; C. H. Green, V. G. ; J. S. Jackson, Treasurer; D. Kunkle, Secretary; J. M. Major, Warden ; H. Finney, Con. ; G. W. Hood, W. S. N. G. Present officers, (1883)— John D. Tolson, N. G. ; William Shafroth, V. G. ; Jacob Mortenson, treasurer ; T. R. Betts, secre- tary; R. E. Keiser, warden. Sons of Temperance, Howard division, No. 34, was organized in Fayette, December 31, 1848. The officers were : W. T. Lucky, W. P. ; R. Lynch, W. A. ; W. McNair, R. S. ; S. T. Preston, A. R. 188 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. S. ; J. Bradley, F. S. ; A. Mitchell, T. ; Rev. A. Searritt, C. ; E. K. Atterbury, A. C. ; W. W. Mitchell, I. S. ; D. Dofflmyer, O. S. CENTRAL AND HOWARD COLLEGES. Central and Howard colleges, gradually grew out of an effort in 1840 and 1843 (according to the statement of Eev. Carr W. Prit- chett), to establish at Fayette the state university. The question of the location of the university awakened the liveliest interest, in several counties of the state — notably in Boone, Callaway and Howard. Each of these, including Cooper and Cole, made their bids in laud and money. Boone county bid $117,900; Callaway, $96,000; Howard, $94,000; Cooper, $40,000; Cole, $30,000. Failing in their efforts to secure the location of the state university, at Fayette, the people determined to build up a school in their own midst, that would be an honor to themselves and to the state. A building was erected which was offered to the state during the contest, for the location of the university. This was burned down soon afterwards, but rebuilt previous to 1844. For a time, a school was conducted in it, by Mr. Patterson, afterwards president of Masonic college. In 1844, it was sold for debt, and was purchased by Capt. William D. Finney, and by him transferred, under most generous conditions, to the Methodist Episcopal church, for school purposes. In the fall of 1844, Howard high school, the mother of both Central and Howard colleges, was organized by William T. Lucky. He began with only seven pupils. In a year or two, Presi- dent Lucky, was joined by his brother-in-law, Rev. Nathan Searritt. The school attained a remarkable prosperity. In 1847-48, Prof. William T. Davis became associated with President Lucky, and the financial affairs were conducted under the style' of Lucky & Davis. In 1851, President Lucky temporarily retired, and Rev. Carr W. Pritchett and Prof. Davis were associated in its management under the style of Pritchett & Davis. In 1852, President Lucky resumed his place, and the management was under the style of Lucky & Pritchett. At this period, the school was very prosperous, having an annual enrollment of about 350 pupils. January 26, 1854, the large building of Howard high school was destroyed by fire. It stood on the present site of Central college. This calamity caused great inconvenience and loss, but the large school was continued in the churches and other buildings, until provided for, by the erection of the north addition to the building of Howard college. The main part of this building was erected in 1852, for a boarding house for Il^inia^iJ:!.'' 1 !' 11 .^! 11 ' 1 ' 111 ! 1 '!' 1 ''. '■'''■': HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 185> the young ladies of Howard high school. In the spring of 1855, the separation of the male and female departments took place. The male department was under the control of Prof. C. W. Pritchett, and the female department was conducted by W. T. Lucky. The male department in 1857, became the provisional organization of Central college, and the female department, became Howard college. CENTRAL COLLEGE. At an educational convention held in St. Louis, in 1853, it was determined to establish an institution of learning of high grade, to be located at some central point, easily accessible from every point of the state. The name accordingly given it was " The Central Col- lege." It was, moreover, to be central to a number of high schools located in different parts of the state, and which were designed to be "feeders" to the college. A preparatory department was also estab- lished in connection with the college. The college began operations with Rev. Nathan Scarritt, A. M., president pro tern., in 1857. He resigned during the year and the entire control passed into the hands of Prof. Pritchett. The second president was Eev. A. A. Morrison, A. M., who also resigned in 1860, when the entire organization devolved upon Prof. Pritchett. Pritchett was succeeded by Eev. W. H. Anderson, A. M., in the fall of 1860. There was a large number of students and increasing pros- perity until the war cloud burst in 1861, when, shortly after the graduation of the first senior class, it was deemed best to suspend the regular college exercises. A collegiate course was taught, however, in the college building by Eev. Dr. Anderson and Eev. C. W. Pritchett, for a couple or more of years during the war. The threatening difficulties led to a suspension of all exercises at length, and the college building was occupied by the military. At the conclusion of the war the citizens of Fayette generously put the building in a state of repair, and an excellent classical seminary was opened under the control of Eev. H. A. Bourland. Prof. F. X. Forster succeeded him in the management of it. Its success led to hopes of reviving the college proper. An educational convention was accordingly called in June, 1868, attended by the leading men of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, in Mis- souri. Bishop Marvin presided, and Dr. Wm. A. Smith, ex-Gov. Polk, and many other eminent men, took an active part in its pro- ceedings. The convention recommended that the board of curators reopeiv 14 190 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND qOOPER COUNTIES. the college whenever a subscription of $100,000 for an endowment fund should have been secured. Dr. Wm. A. Smith was then elected president of the college, and addressed himself vigorously to the work of securing the necessary endowment. Much enthusiasm pre- vailed, and two gentlemen in the convention gave $5,000 each. These were the late Adam Hendrix, Esq., of Fayette, and the late Hon. Trusten Polk, of St. Louis. Over $40,000 of the amount was subscribed by leading Methodists in St. Louis. Macon, Mexico, Chilli- cothe, St. Joseph, and otner places responded liberally, and many began to hope that the necessary amount could be raised in a single year, when the broken health of Dr. Smith compelled him to desist from his labors. He accordingly sought rest for a few months in Virginia, where he had long labored as the honored president of Eandolph-Macon college. He lingered only a short time, when he died, lamented by thousands in every part of the land. Rev. W. M. Rush, D.D., succeeded in the agency of the college, and, by the fall of 1870, the board of curators were able to report the necessary subsci'iption of $100,000 endowment. Dr. Rush continued in the field as agent, to collect the endowment, while Rev. John C. Wills, D.D., of the Southern university, in Alabama, was elected president of the college. About half of the original endowment was collected and funded, Fully $25,000 of the remainder was in St. Louis real estate, which, with the other subscriptions, were so seriously affected by the financial crisis of 1873, that they greatly depreciated in value. The real estate promises to recover its value, but several large sub- scriptions were lost by reason of the panic. The board of curators still hope to realize from the uncollected endowment notes. While the college has not been financially a success, it has made a record for thorough scholarship and excellent discipline that is an honor to the whole state. Dr. Wills proved himself an admirable educator. He was aided in the faculty by such men as Profs. Forster, Miller, Corprew, and Mumpower, besides competent instructors in the preparatory department. The "school system" so long in vogue in the University of Virginia was adopted in place of the few years' curriculum of many of our American colleges. The faculty believed that under this system, more and better work would be done, and they seem well satisfied with the results. There has been an average attend- ance of about 130 students for several years past. Dr. Wills, whose health began to fail in the winter of 1877, died in February, 1878. Despite his lamented death, the discipline which he had established in the college was so perfect that during the rest HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 191 of the year, under the management of Prof. Forster, there was not the slightest disorder. The board of curators at their meeting in St. Louis, April 26, 1878, considered a proposition from the board of trustees of Pritchett institute of Glasgow, which looked toward the removal of the classical department of the college to Glasgow, on which condition the endowment of the institute was to go to Central college, and the two institutions were henceforth to be consolidated under the name of Central college. The further condition was that co-education should be introduced into all the departments of the college. The board, on advice of legal counsel, saw that such a removal would cost them part, if not most, of the endowment of the college, and determined not to accept the offer. The people of Fayette and vicinity in the meantime raised a subscription of $10,000 on condition that the college should not be removed, which subscription was accepted by the board of curators. An election for president of the college was held in 1878, when Rev. Eugene R. Hendrix, A. M., was unanimously chosen. He was formerly a student at Central college, but graduated at Wesleyan university, Middletown, Conn., where he went to pursue his studies during the war. He was also elected " Marvin professor of Biblical literature." In the beautiful catalogue which was issued in 1878, we have seen an outline of the work of this new department which was then added to the college. There are young ministers from the Bap- tist and Cumberland Presbyterian churches as well as from the Meth- odist Episcopal church south, who are students, and doubtless this class will be largely increased. In the spring of 1878, when the present administration began, the productive endowment of Central college was $45,000, and the attendance of students as already stated, about 130. There was, moreover, a debt of some $12,000, including $1,700 yet due on the contract, for the erection of the college building some twenty years before. The outlook was not encouraging but to those who had faith in the final success of -the college. This faith was shared alike by the board of curators and the faculty. Three years later the patronage had increased to over 180 students, the debt had been entirely paid and the productive endowment had grown to over $60,000. In the meantime " Will's hall," a boarding-house for young men of limited means, and a commodious gymnasium had been erected. To accom- plish these ends members of the board and others contributed sums 192 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ranging from $100 to $5,000, several persons agreeing to give $1,000 each annually for an indefinite period. In November, 1881, Mr. Robert A. Barnes, of St. Louis, who had previously made large donations, to the college library, gave $25,000 to endow the " Robert A. Barnes " chair of Greek and Latin. In November, 1882, he gave $20,000, in honor of his mother, to endow the " Mary Evans Barnes " chair of English and modern lan- guages. These timely gifts, with others, prompted the board to enlarge the college campus by the purchase of some four additional acres, and to take immediate steps for the erection of a new college chapel to cost some $20,000. The standard of scholarship in Central college has always been very high. Indolent students are not allowed to remain. A consid- erable proportion of the students send themselves to college, and their industrious example is contagious. To aid meritorious students who would otherwise be unable to complete their course, Mr. A. F. Davis, of Fayette, gave $5,000 in January, 1883,- the income to be loaned without interest to such students as may be recommended by the faculty. This will be known as the " Arthur F. Davis Student's Loan Fund," in memory of the deceased son of the generous donor of the fund. The different chairs of the college are filled by professors who are specialists in their departments, and well equipped to guide the post- graduate studies of young men who annually aspire for such instruc- tion. Original work is expected from year to year of each occupant of a professor's chair. This, first in the form of public lectures de- livered before the whole body of students, and afterwards, in some instances, addressed to a yet wider public through the press, constitute an attractive feature of the college. The college library now numbers some 3,000 volumes. An alumni alcove is given to works of reference. On the completion of the new chapel the library will find better accommodation in the present chapel, which will make a most attractive library room. In the matter of library, as well as that of mineralogical and zoological collections, and of scientific apparatus the foundations have been laid with reference to superstructures of ample size. In short, the college has sought the real and the permanent in all the work done. President Hendrix, though young in years, brings a ripe experi- ence, thorough culture, and a zealous and tireless energy to the work. With such a man, therefore, to look after its interests the grandest success may be expected for Central college in the future. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 193 PAST PRESIDENTS AND PROFESSORS. Rev. Nathan Scarritt, D. D., president from July, 1857, to June, 1858, professor of ancient languages ; C. W. Pritchett, professor of mathematics ; Eli Offut, principal of preparatory department. Rev. A. A. Morrison, D. D., June, 1858 ; C. W. Prichett, professor of mathematics ; A. J. Dyas, adjunct ; I. A. Reubelt, professor of languages ; H. B. Parsons, adjunct. Rev. A. A. Morrison, D. D., 1859, 1860; A. C. Dyas, professor of mathematics ; C. W. Pritchett, professor of natural science ; J. A. Reubelt, professor of languages; H. B. Parsons, adjunct. Rev. W. H. Anderson, D. D., June, 1860, 1861; A. C. Dyas, professor of mathematics ; C. W. Pritchett, professor of natural science; A. F. Brackman, professor of languages. Rev. W. A. Smith, D. D., June, 1868, 1870, who conducted for two years a classical seminary, until the new college was reopened and completed. The teachers were Professor F„ X. Forster, assisted by Professor Rowland Daggett, Professor F. A. Taylor, Mrs. J. P. Ful- ler, Miss A. E. Cooper, Miss Lou C. Forster. Rev. J. C. Wills, D. D., 1870, February, 1878. Profs. F. X. Forster, F. A. Taylor, and Dr. W. G. Miller, were elected members of the faculty ; H. D. Groves and J. L. Taylor, tutors. In the absence of the president, Professor Forster was appointed dean of the faculty. Rev. E. R. Hendrix, D. D., 1878. O. H. P. Corprew, professor of Greek and Latin ; Edward A. Allen, professor of English and modern languages ; Wm. B. Smith, professor of mathematics ; James T. Anderson, professor of chemistry, physics, and astronomy ; J. W. Kilpatrick, professor of natural history, mineralogy, and geology ; T. G. Mumpower, principal of preparatory department ; T. H. Har- vey, fellow and adjunct professor of Greek and Latin. Dr. Hendrix is the present (1883) president. CURATORS. Rev. E. R. Hendrix, D. D., president, ex-officio ; Rev. D. R. McAnally, D. D., vice-president; Rev. W. M. Rush, D. D. ; Rev. T. M. Finney, D. D. ; Rev. C. C. Woods, D. D. ; W. M. Eads, Esq. ; W. McDonald, Esq. ; Samuel Cupples, Esq. ; A. F. Davis, Esq. ; Rev. Nathan Scarritt, D. D. ; J. E. Ryland, Esq. ; W. O. Gray, Esq. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. E. R. Hendrix, D. D. ; Rev. W. M. Rush, D. D. ; A. F. Davis. 194 HISTORY OF HOWAKD AND COOPER COUNTIES. FINANCIAL COMMITTEE. Samuel Cupples, Esq. ; Rev. T. M. Finney, D. D. ; A. F. Davis. ATTENDANCE OF STUDENTS SINCE THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COLLEGE IN 1857. 1857-58, matriculates, 144, graduates, — ; 1858-59, matricu- lates, 95, graduates, 1 ; 1859-60, matriculates, 110, graduates, — ; 1860-61, matriculates, 112, graduates, 5 ; 1870-71, matriculates, 104, graduates, — ; 1871-72, matriculates, 105, graduates, 3 ; 1872-73, matriculates, 125, graduates, 3; 1873-74, matriculates, 111, gradu- ates, 1 ; 1874-75, matriculates, 107, graduates, 2 ; 1875-76, matricu- lates, 140, graduates, 2; 1876-77, matriculates, 131, graduates, 2 ; 1877-78, matriculates, 138, graduates, 2 ; 1878-79, matriculates, 130, graduates, 1; 1879-80, matriculates, 155, graduates, 10; 1880-81, matriculates, 183, graduates, 5 ; 1881-82, matriculates, 168, gradu- ates, 3. Total for 16 years — Students, 2058 ; graduates, 40. TITLED (GRADUATES. 1859 — S. C. Major, Jr., B. S., Fayette, Mo. 1861 — E. R. Barton, A. B., Colorado; O. M. Harrison, B. L., Glasgow, Mo. ; F. M. Hendrix, A. B., deceased ; R. F. Luckett, A. B., St. Charles, Mo. ; Davis Rathbun, A. B., . 1872 — D. H. Eby, Ph. B., Hannibal, Mo.; J. T. Forest, Ph. B., Fayette, Mo. ; J. R. A. Vaughan, A. B., St. Louis county, Mo. 1873 — J. P. Godbey, Ph. B., Bates county, Mo. ; J. A.Poage, A. B., California; T. G. Mumpower, A. M., Fayette, Mo. ; J. R. A. Vaughan, A. M., St. Louis, Mo. 1874 — W. O. Gray, Ph. B., Louisiana, Mo. 1875 — S. M. Godbey, A. M., Cooper county, Mo.; W. C. Arline, Ph. B., Fayette, Mo. 1876 — C. B. Rush, A. M., Prescott, Arizona; R. J. Coleman, A. B., Fayette, Mo. 1877 — R. H. Hamilton, Ph. B., Lebanon, Tenn. ; W. D. Van- diver, Ph. B., Caledonia, Mo. 1878 — C. R. Forster, A. M., Fayette, Mo. ; Josiah Godbey, Jr., A. M., Cooper county, Mo. 1879 — R. H. Payne, A. M., St. Charles, Mo. 1880 — R. E. Ball, A. M., Carrollton, Mo. ; T. S. Dines, A. M., Brunswick, Mo. ; S. B. Ferrell, Ph. B., O'Fallon, Mo. ; W. F. Hen- drix, Ph. B., Fayette, Mo. ; J. N. Holmes, Ph. B., Arrow Rock, Mo. ; HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 195 J. D. Lindsay, A. M., Clinton, Mo. ; J. F. Linn, Ph. B., Pleasant Hill, Mo.; J. G. Reynolds, Ph. B., Arrow Rock, Mo.; J. W. Vaughan,Ph.B., St. Louis county, Mo. ; T.Ward, Jr., A. M., Fayette, Mo. 1881— J. B. Finley, A. B., Weston, Texas; B. C. Hinde, A. B., Fulton, Mo. ; W. H. Pritchett, A. M., Fayette, Mo. ; W. C. Scar- ritt, A. M., Kansas City, Mo. ; G. M. Smiley, Ph. B., Smithton, Mo. 1882 — Hubert M. Harvey, Ph. B., Saline county, Mo. ; Thomas Hundall Harvey, A. M., Saline county, Mo. ; Benjamin C. Hinde, A. M., Fayette, Mo. GRADUATES IN SCHOOLS 1882. A. C. Miller, school of English; S. McHenry, school of physics and astronomy; J. E. Squires, school of moral philosophy. HONORARY DEGREES CONFERRED. D. D. 1881 — Professor ' Isaac S. Hopkins, A. M., Emory college, Oxford, Ga. 1882 — Professor Wallace W. Duncan, A. M., Wofford college, Spartansburg, S. C. HOWARD FEMALE COLLEGE. This splendid seminary for young ladies was chartered by the Missouri Legislature in 1859, nearly twenty years ago, and is now presided over by the Rev. Joseph H. Pritchett, assisted by an able and experienced corps of teachers. It is a twin offshoot with Central college from the old Howard high school, which was founded by Wm. T. Luckey as early as 1845, and which for ten or fifteen years made an enviable history among western institutions, being always distinguished for its successful discipline and advanced curriculum. Till the beginning of the civil war the college grew more prosper- ous every year under the new dispensation, but like most other insti- tutions belonging to the Southern Methodist church, it suffered very greatly during the war — being despoiled of everything. The grounds were left exposed, the building dilapidated ; and, worse than all, the whole property was subjected to a heavy debt. Five years after the war, the Rev. Moses U. Payne paid off the debt from his own private purse and restored the property to the church on the condition that the school should thereafter be conducted upon the manual labor plan. In order to cany out this provision, Mrs. J. P. Fuller and Miss A. E. 196 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Cooper were chosen joint principals, who, with a competent corps 01 teachers, conducted the school three years. This plan being found impracticable, Mr. Payne so modified his conditions as to consent that the school should be conducted as the church should conclude best. The school was, therefore, continued under the management of Miss Cooper as sole principal from June, 1873, to June, 1874, when Prof. E. H. Pitman, of St. Charles county, Mo., was induced to accept the presidency. His labors began under very flattering auspices, bringing to the school, as he did, a fine reputation as an experienced and suc- cessful educator. Hopes were generally entertained that his presi- dency would be permanent, as the school had already suffered much at home and abroad from frequent changes. Owing to bad health and other discouragements, however, Prof. Pitman retired in 1876, and the Eev. Joseph H. Pritchett, was elected president of the college. The selection was wisely and judiciously made. There were many serious embarrassments attendant upon the office, and none but a man of tireless energy and decided executive ability could have brought order out of the chaos which prevailed. This, the able and efficient head of the institution, supported by a superior faculty, successfully did. The school more than realized the expectations of its friends the first year of the new administration. Its second year had been one of marked prosperity. There had been more pupils in attendance, and the classes had been larger and better organized than at any time since the suspension of the college during the war. The necessary steps have been taken and a good foundation laid for securing a library, scientific apparatus and a museum. A reading room has been provided, where the young ladies of the boarding department may have access to the best standard and periodical liter- ature of Europe and America. Howard college justly claims to stand at the head of western schools for the education of females — especially so in the extent of its curriculum and the thoroughness of its instruction. It lays par- ticular stress upon fundamentals and essentials in intellectual and moral culture — nothing for mere show or parade. There are eight teachers employed, and instruction is given in English literature, higher mathematics, two ancient and two modern languages, mental and physical science ; besides a primary school, and a school of art, including music, painting, drawing, etc. President Pritchett resigned in 1881, and the following year H. K. Hinde became the president of the college. Dr. Hinde is doing all HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 197 he can to build up the school and make it more perfect in every department. The building, however, is out of repair and needs renovating in order to make it look neat and attractive. It is a large four-story brick, built in the shape of the letter "L," and is located near the Central college, a little to the right and south, fronting southwest. PRESENT FACULTY. 1882-83— H. K. Hinde, A. M., M. D., president, professor of mental and moral philosophy ; Charles K. Forster, A. M., professor of ancient and modern languages; B. C. Hinde, A. M., professor of physical science ; Miss M. W. Ewin, teacher of mathematics ; Miss Mary G. Williams, A. B., teacher of English language and literature ; Miss Willie Hardison, principal of school of instrumental music ; Miss Emma Mann, principal of school of vocal music ; Miss Annie E. Howell, principal of school of painting and drawing ; Miss Emma D. Jackson, principal of primary department ; Mrs. H. K. Hinde, matron. BOARD OF CURATORS. Rev. B. F. Johnson, president ; T. A. Swinney, vice-president ; John Herndon, secretary ; Rev. T. J. Gooch, Rev. Wm. Penn, Rev. H. D. Groves, Rev. H. B. Watson, Rev. W. W. Jones, Rev. S. W. Cope, Rev. J. Y. Blakey, Rev. M. U. Payne, Rev. J. H. Pritchett, C. E. Givens, J. L. Morrison, J. T. Sears, John Marmaduke, W. H. Nipper, A. C. Vandiver, Jacob Mortenson, Dr. H. K. Hinde. EXECUTIVE BOARD. Rev. B. F. Johnson, president; T. A. Swinney, vice-president; John Herndon, Rev. Wm. Penn, C. E. Givens, W. H. Nipper, J. L. Morrison, Jacob Mortenson. VISITING COMMITTEE. Appointed by the Missouri annual conference : Rev. T. J. Gooch, Rev. J. A. Mumpower, R. E. Anderson. FORMER PRESIDENTS. Mrs. J. P. Fuller, Miss A. E. Cooper, associate principals, 1870-73; Miss A. E. Cooper, principal 1873-74 ; R. H. Pitman, president, 1874-76 ; Rev. J. H. Pritchett, president, 1876-81. 198 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ALUMN-ffi. 1876. — Miss Katie Wright, M. E. L., Fayette, Mo. ; Miss Emma Fisher, M. E. L., Fayette, Mo. ; Miss Daisy Herndon (Mrs. Davis), M. E. L., Salisbury, Mo. 1879.— Miss F. A. Penn, A. M., Fayette, Mo. ; Miss Ella Fisher, A. M., Fayette, Mo. ; Miss Annie Eoot (Mrs. Violet), A. M., Stur- geon, Mo. ; Miss Minnie Connevey, A. M., Moberly, Mo. 1880. — Miss Bessie Morrison, M. E. L., Fayette, Mo. ; Miss Dixie Duncan (Mrs. Wills), M. E. L., Fayette, Mo. ; Miss Stella McKinney, A. M., Fayette, Mo. 1881. — Miss Fannie Davis, M. E. L., Hannibal, Mo. ; Miss Willie Cardwell, A. M., New Florence, Mo. ; Miss Rosa Fisher, A. M., Fay- ette, Mo. ; Miss Fannie Prosser, A. M., Brunswick, Mo. ; Miss Min- nie Morrison, M. E. L., Fayette, Mo. ; Miss India Swinney, M. E. L., Fayette, Mo. 1882.— Miss Lillie Bryan, M. E. L., Fayette, Mo. ; Miss Sallie Denny, M. E. L., Fayette, Mo. ; Miss Jennie Houck, M. E. L., Fay- ette, Mo. ; Miss Lulu McCafferty, M. E. L., Burton, Mo. ; Miss Min- nie Morrison, A. M., Fayette, Mo. OFFICERS OF ALUMNA SOCIETY. Mrs. John Morrison, president ; Mrs. A. F. Davis, vice-president ; Miss Emma Jackson, secretary ; Miss Katie Wright, treasurer. PUBLIC SCHOOL AT FAYETTE. Fayette has agood public school, under the management of A. F. Willis, county commissioner. The school building is a brick struc- ture, erected in 1871 ; it is two stories, and contains four rooms. The teachers are: Prof. A. F. Willis, principal ; Miss Sudie Morrison, Miss Evaline B. Willis Anderson, teacher in colored school. One hun- dred and thirty-eight pupils now enrolled ; eighty in daily attendance. There is also an excellent school for the colored people. Two hun- dred and twenty-three white children are of school age in the district ; one hundred and thirty colored children are of school age in the district. The public schools of Fayette were opened in 1867, under the man- agement of Thos. G. Deatherage, assisted by Miss Lou Forster. FIRE. Unlike many towns not even half so old, Fayette has been wonder- fully exempt from fires, none of any consequence occurring until July HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 199 13th, 1882. We copy the following from the Howard County Adver- tiser : •< Fire ! Fire ! Fire ! Fayette is on fire ! " This was the wild cry which startled the inhabitants of our usually quiet city and tore them in rude haste from their peaceful slumbers at about four o'clock on last Thursday morning, the 13th inst. Leaping from their beds and donning the first articles of wearing apparel that came to hand, they rushed almost with one accord, and without regard to personal appearance, into the streets, and made their way by the lurid glare of flames to the principal business block of town, on second Main cross street, south of the court-house. Here a sight met the gaze which struck terror to the hearts of the bravest men. Great sheets of livid flame were bursting forth and darting their fiery tongues heavenward from the rear of Norris & Knaus' fur- niture establishment, situated about midway of the block. About one-half of the block was composed of frame buildings, and the fire spread with almost lightning-like rapidity, and in a few moments two- thirds of the block was a rolling, surging, roaring mass of flames. The scene simply beggars description — men, women and children rushing hither and thither, carrying out goods, shouting, screaming, and gesticulating ; the blaze throwing a weird, unearthly brightness for miles around. So intense was the heat, and so panic-stricken did the spectators seem, that some time had elapsed before any well directed efforts were made to check the devastating course of the devouring element. At length the " bucket brigade ". was formed, and did valuable ser- vice in throwing water on the roof and rear of the Tolson Hall build- ing, by which means the flames were subdued, after eight business houses had been completely consumed. But a small portion of the contents of the buildings were saved. The wildest excitement prevailed for some time, and in the effort to save goods and effects they were hurled indiscriminately and promiscuously into the streets. After the first panic had somewhat subsided, both men and women, without regard to class or condition, went faithfully to work to remove everything of value possible to places of safety. Following are the estimated losses and the insurance, which are believed to be very nearly correct : — Wills & Nipper, groceries and queensware — goods partly saved in damaged condition ; stock $3,000 ; insurance $1,500. Wm. Barnes, barber, loss small ; no insurance. J. S. Dickerson, saloon, loss $1,500; no insurance. M. Skillman, saddlery and harness, stock partly saved, loss $2,000 ; insurance $550. Norris & Knaus, furniture, total loss $4,000; insurance $1,600. 1. N. Houk, Independent office, loss $2,000; no insurance. C. J. Walden, Advertiser office, total loss $6,000; insurance $1,500. John Kuehn, saddlery and harness, loss $2,000 ; no insurance, stock partly saved. 200 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Henry Rose, boots and shoes, hats and caps ; goods mostly saved ; loss $1,000 ; insurance $1,000. John C. Graves, loss on saloon $3,000 ; insurance $1,825. The following losses are from moving goods, which were damaged to an unusual extent and much rendered entirely useless : — L. S. Prosser, dry goods and notions ; stock $25,000 ; damage by removal, $1,000 ; insurance $10,000. Dudgeon & Swetland, druggists, stock $6,000 ; insurance $4,000 ; damaged by removal $1,500. Boyd & Shafroth ; stock $6,000 ; insurance $2,500 ; damaged by removal. J. H, Robertson, damage to law library, by water, $150. " Spot " Jones lost about $300 worth of carpenter tools and mate- rials, which were in his shop over Wills & Nipper's ; no insurance. William Robertson lost about $300 worth of household goods, which were stored in the rear of Dickerson's saloon. The losses on buildings are : — William Shafroth, one large double brick store house, $8,000; insurance $4,000 ; and on two two-story frame business houses, total loss of $4,000 ; no insurance. Jordan Collar, two one-story frame houses ; value $3,000 ; insur- ance $800. Dan Kelly, frame house, total loss, $1,200. No insurance. B. R. Patrick, two-story frame house, total loss, $2,500. No in- surance. J. D. Tolson, damage to store rooms and hall, $1,500. The entire loss is estimated at $50,000, of which $15,820 are cov- ered by insurance in companies, as follows : German-American ..... $1,750 00 Springfield Fire, Mass. .... 400 00 Queen, of Liverpool ..... 700 00 Ins. Co. of North America .... 1,700 00 JEtna, of Hartford ..... 2,000 00 Fire Association ..... 2,300 00 Home, of New York ..... 2,300 00 Phoenix, of Hartford . .... 1,170 00 Pennsylvania Fire . . 3,500 00 AFTER THE FIRE. By eight o'clock the fire was under control, and while some of the people, weary, dirty, smoke begrimed, with clothes torn and dishev- elled and hearts made sore by the terrible catastrophe, returned to their homes to breakfast and gather their bewildered thoughts, others remained on the scene to guard the property from pillagers and make arrangements for its disposal. The stocks of Messrs. Dudgeon & Swetland and Boyd & Shafroth were returned to their rooms. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 201 L. S. Prosser's stock is temporarily stored in one of Tolson's new rooms on First Main street, where he will remain until his former stand is refitted. H. Rose is located in the same building, where he will probably remain permanently. M. L. Skillman can be found in the room two doors south of the post-office. The small remnant of Wills & Nipper's stock is stored in Mrs. Rich's building north of the court-house. Kuehn's stock was removed to the room four doors north of the post-office. Wm . Barnes may be found on First Main street, two doors be- low Mr. Prosser. He will be back to the old stand as soon as build- ing can be erected. Before the ground in the burned district had become cool, Messrs. Dickerson and Graves had their forces at work erecting temporary wooden structures, in which to do business until more substantial buildings can be built. E. C. Stowe, photographer, with his usual characteristic enter- prise, managed to secure three excellent views of the smoking ruins, of which he is having an immense sale. INCIDENTS OF THE FIRE DEEDS HEROIC, WISE AND OTHERWISE. To Miss Hattie King belongs the honor of having given the first alarm. And bravely did she earn it. She was awakened by the light from the fire shining in at her window, and hastily arising, she snatched up a linen duster and drawing it about her as she went, ran into the street screaming "fire!" and with wonderful presence of mind made her way to the scales near the court-house, and seizing the scale bell began a vigorous ringing that soon brought the startled peo- ple to the scene. The ladies deserve great credit for the part they took in the morning's work. Their flashing eyes and encouraging voices urged the men to strain every nerve to check the raging fire fiend, and their hands did noble service in the work of saving. J. M. Coller sustained his reputation as a hero in cases of emer- gency, and to him, perhaps, more than any other man, are we indebted for tne saving of the remainder of the block, and much more valuable property. By almost superhuman effort, and at imminent risk of his life, he ascended to the roof of Tolson's building, where by the aid of other brave and willing hands water was brought, and the fur- ther spread of the fire prevented. James Tindall (colored) performed a rash and rather foolhardy act of bravado. Rushing into Graves' saloon while the walls were tottering on their foundations, he seized the large clock and carried it out, reaching the street just as the walls fell with a crash, missing him but a short distance. '202 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. While many of the better class of colored people rendered good assistance, a number of proverbially worthless ones stood about and absolutely refused to make any effort, either to check the fire or save property. No words of condemnation are too severe for any man, be he who or what he may, who will stand idly by and see his neighbor's property destroyed, without making some attempt at rescue. Fortunately no lives were lost, and the personal injuries sus- tained by any one were very slight. Harry Bumstead had his right hand burned and shoulder bruised by being crowded against a hot brick wall while removing goods. Mr. W. A. Dudgeon received a bruise on the arm while helping to carry a soda fountain. Major M. A. Boyd sprained an ankle while tearing down a stair- way in the rear of the Fayette bank, and was the worst hurt of any one. POSTMASTERS. Fayette post-office, with the date of appointment of postmasters. Established May 22, 1824 : — May 22, 1824, L. J. Daly. January 13, 1840, B. F. Jeter. March 26, 1841, William Taylor. February 20, 1841, Nathaniel Ford. March 26, 184-, William Payton. April 9, 1850, Henry W. Kring. April 17, 1851,- W. T. Mallory. October 20, 1863, M. A. Mallory. October 25, 1865, Miss Alice Gardenhire. September 9, 1867, William A. Dudgeon. December 23, 1874, James F. Agee. BUSINESS HOUSES OF FAYETTE. 7 Attorneys. 2 Real estate dealers. 6 Physicians. 2 Shoemakers. 1 Dentist. 6 Saloons. 3 Druggists. 1 Restaurant. 5 Dry good stores. 1 Flour mill. 2 Banks. 1 Saw mill. 4 Hardware houses. 1 Photographer. 2 Agricultural and implement 3 Blacksmiths and wagon-mak- dealers. ers. 2 Hotels. 2 Furniture dealers. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPEE COUNTIES. 203 2 Livery stables. 2 Harness makers. 2 Jewelers. 2 Lumber merchants. 1 Tailor. 2 Meat markets. 2 Grain dealers. 1 Tobacco house. 2 Insurance agents. Depot of Missouri Kansas and Texas railroad. Express office. 2 Millinery stores. CHAPTEE IX. CHARITON TOWNSHIP. Boundary — Physical Features — Early Settlements — Glasgow — Its Early History — First Churches and Ministers — Town Incorporated — City Officials — Growth and Busi- ness— Banks and Bankers— Railroad Bridge, Telegraph, and Telephone — The Ad- dress of W. Pope Teaman, D. D. — Salt, Sulphur, and Mineral Springs —Palmer House — Stockholders — Description of the Building — Palmer House Opening — Secre 4 Societies — Early Schools — Pritchett School Institute — Morriion Observatory- Lewis College — Public School — Lewis Library — Present Business of Glasgow — Postmasters. BOUNDARY. The territorial limits of Chariton township have not been changed since the creation of the same by the county court, in 1821. It is in form something like a triangle, and contains about seventy square miles. It is bounded on the north by Chariton and Randolph coun- ties ; on the east by Prairie and Richmond townships ; on the south by Boone's Lick township, and on the west by Saline and Chariton counties, being separated from Saline county by the Missouri river. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The land away from the river is generally high and rolling, and was originally covered with a dense forest, the greater portion of which has been cut to make room for the well cultivated farms which are now seen in every portion of the township. A number of limestone quarries have been opened and worked by the local trade. Rock is, however, found in many parts of the township. Among the streams are Doxey, Bear, Richland, and Hurricane creeks, all of which flow westwardly and empty into the Missouri river or one of its tributaries. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. Among the early settlers of Chariton township, were Thomas M. Cockerill, who located about two miles east of Glasgow. He after- wards became a resident of Glasgow. He died about the breaking out of the late war. H. Clay Cockerill, the present editor of the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 205 Glasgow Journal, is a son of his. He had another son and two daughters, who are still living. Stephen Donohoe located two miles east of Glasgow, and died before the war. He left a family, but none of his children are now living in Howard county. Henry Lewis came from Virginia at an early day and settled also in the township. He was an uncle of Major J. W. Lewis, and died before the war. John Wilhoit and Talton Turner were early settlers, and are re- membered to this day as being the only two "Whigs who voted that ticket for years in the township. Edmond Lewis, Wm. D. Swinney, James Earickson, Daniel Estill, James B. Bouldin, Horton E. Barton and John Bull, were all among the pioneers of Chariton township, and all emigrated from Vir- ginia. Horton R. Turner now resides in Linn county, Missouri. John Bull was at an early period a representative in congress. Pat- rick Woods was an early settler. So was Austin F. Walden, who was at one time a judge of the county court. William Warren was the first justice of the peace in the township. GLASGOW. Glasgow owed its early existence to two facts : the healthfulness of its location and the superior advantages that would accrue to that location as a future trading point. Other towns had been founded near it, one of which (old Chariton) had attained considerable impor- tance, and at one time contained from one to two thousand inhabitants, but after surviving a number of years, the site was finally abandoned, on account of the malaria and other diseases, which annually proved to be unusually malignant and fatal. Old Chariton was laid out in 1817, by Gen. Duff Green (who has since been noted in the history of Missouri as one of her shrewdest politicians), Thomas Joyce and Major Finley, near the mouth of the Chariton river, two miles north of the present city of Glasgow. The town grew so rapidly, and prom- ised so much for the future, that William Cabeen, one of the pioneers of the place, actually exchanged his lots in St. Louis, for an equal number of lots in Chariton. Chariton being regarded in 1829, as too unhealthful to live in, the town of Monticello was then located, one mile to the rear of it, on high land. In 1832, another town was started on a point projecting into the Missouri river, at the mouth of the Chariton, which was called Thorntonsburg. This name, however, not suiting the citizens of the 15 206 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. place, many of whom, had emigrated from Kentucky, they determined to change it, and finally bestowed upon the bantling for commercial honors, the more euphonious, albeit longer appellative, Louisville-on- Missouri-river . We have often heard it remarked, that too much name was not only burdensome, but at times proved fatal to its owner. Whether the name in this instance had any effect upon the aspirations of the town, we cannot say, but it is a fact that Louisville-on- Missouri-river, together with its predecessors, Monticello, Thorntonsburg and Chari- ton, have long since been numbered with the things of the past. None of the above situations being just what was desired, upon which to rear a permanent town or city, they were all abandoned, and the present town site of Glasgow was selected, as possessing all the requisites necessary for such an enterprise. Accordingly, in the fall of 1836, the town was laid out originally on parts of sections 8, 9, 16, 17, township 51, range 17, by William D. Swinney, James Earickson, Talton Turner, John F. Nichols, W. F. Dunnica, James Glasgow, T. N. Cockerill, Kichard Earickson, Joseph A. Blackwell, Thomas White, James Head, Stephen Donohoe, John Bull, C. D. W. Johnson, Benj. G. Pulliam and Wm. J. Moore. The proprietors of the land from whom the town site was purchased, were Talton Turner and James Earickson. The name Glasgow was given in honor of James Glasgow, above named, who was one of the early settlers of Chariton and who afterwards moved to St. Louis, where he died. The first sale of lots occurred on the 10th of September, 1830, the land still being covered with the native forest trees. One hun- dred lots, one sixth of the whole number, were offered for sale, &nd these were selected with a view to an equal distribution of the lots sold and reserved, in the more desirable or less desirable portion of the town. The pioneer business man of the place was a Mr. Walker, who erected the typical log cabin on the spot where the blacksmith shop of James Davis now stands, and opposite to the Palmer house. Here he opened a small stock of goods, and his prime articles of trade were whiskey and tobacco, the former being the matutinal drink of the old settler, and the latter his chief article of luxury. The next building was that of Charles Purdon, which was erected on the corner of Howard and Second streets. It was designed as a residence and chair factory, Mr. Purdon being a chair-maker. This building, which was also constructed of logs, was destroyed by fire during the late war. Many of the old settlers still have Purdon's HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 207 chairs, and prize them highly for the solid comfort they afford as well as for their durability. The earliest " village blacksmith " was Green W. Pluuket, who came from Kentucky. The old citizens who now reside here, remember the roar of his furnace and the din of his sounding anvil, as he "sharpened" the plow, or shod the horse. Plunket is dead. Noah Swacker, who was, however, a contemporary of Plunket, still resides in Glasgow. The first store and warehouse combined was opened by W. J. Moore & Co. Then came Dr. John Bull, Joseph A. Black- well, Dnnnica & Barton, Mann & Ball, B. W. Lewis & Bros., Lewis, Nanson & Co., Bartholow, Lewis & Co., John D. Perry, Damran Bros. & Co., William Spear & Co., White & Earickson, H. W. Smith, Skinner & Price, and a number of others, some of whom are now dead, while others reside elsewhere ; a very few still remain in Glasgow. The first horse-mill and carding machine was operated by E. Fisher. Mr. Fisher had the honor also of supplying the town and travelling public with the first steam ferry boat, which was named " Clark H. Green," after the editor of the Glasgow Times, one of the early newspapers of the town. Mr. Fisher is still a citizen of Glasgow. The first physician was Dr. James Livingston, who went to Grundy county, Missouri. Dr. I. P. Vaughan, was also among the first physicians in the town, and has since remained here, excepting a short period of time spent in St. Louis. He now resides in Glasgow, and is still devoted to his profession, in which he has achieved much prominence and success. Among the pioneer attorneys, were James A. De Courcy and Thomas Shackelford. The former came in 1842, and edited a newspaper called the Pilot. Mr. Shackelford came in 1840, from Saline county, Missouri, where he was born, but did not begin the practice of law until a few years later. He has constantly resided in the town and has been one of its most prominent and successful citizens. Emerson & Thornton (after the latter the old town of Thorntons- burg was called) established the first ferry here. Samuel Steinmetz, was the original shoemaker of the place, and attended faithfully to the soles of his patrons for many years. Jesse Arnott ran the first livery- stable, Christian Matthews the first butcher shop, and Dr. Thomas M. Cockerill opened the first drug store. Oliver S. Coleman was the first tailor to exercise his trade in town. Under him worked Jos. G. Williams, who has continued to live in Glasgow since 1837. The first hotel-keeper, was Thomas McCoy, who was also a tailor His house was 208 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. located on Commerce, between Second and Third streets, north side, and is now standing. Walter G. Childs was the first man who met his death by violence. He was a Virginian, and was also the pro- prietor of a hotel. Soon after he opened his house, one of the citizens of the town happened to be intoxicated, and while in front of the hotel became quite noisy. Childs politely requested him to go away. The man immediately left, but returned again, soon after procuring a large knife, and stepped up to Childs, who was standing near the door of his house, and without uttering a word of warning plunged it into his breast, killing him. The murderer started in the direction of the river, pursued by a few outraged citizens who had seen the bloody deed, and leaped into the water. The parties began to pelt him with rocks, sticks and other things that they could get hold of, until he was finally struck on the head with a chair hurled at him from the bank. After this he sank and was seen no more. Louis Robion opened the first saloon. John F. Nichols started the first tobacco manufacturing establishment. Glasgow possessed at an early date ( 1837) very good mail facilities for a remote and distant town from St. Louis. A tri-weekly stage was put on the route between the town and St. Louis. The stage was large enough to carry nine persons, and the fare was $10 to St. Louis. W. F. Dunnica, now an old and respected resident of Glasgow, got aboard of the stage soon after the line had been established, bound for St. Louis, but after going about twenty miles the stage broke down. He, with others, " footed " it to Columbia, went to the river, bought a skiff, and continued their journey to St. Louis, where they arrived in good time. FIRST CHURCHES AND MINISTERS. The first religious denomination to bear aloft the banner of peace in Glasgow was the Methodist. Rev. Thomas Patton and Rev. Ben- jamin Johnson, the circuit riders for this district, held services here prior to 1840, and met at the houses of some of the citizens. Mr. Patton is dead, and Mr. Johnson went to California. Rev. Charles D. Simpson, Old School Presbyterian, held religious services soon after. He was, as stated elsewhere, among the early school teachers. He died in St. Louis. The first church edifice was erected by the Methodists, on Fourth and Commerce streets (lot 1, block 27), frame building, and is still standing and used as a boarding-house. The Old School Presbyterians built the next church in 1843. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 209 TOWN INCORPORATED. The first government of the town was derived from the county court, the immediate governing or corrective power being in the hands of a constable and justice of the peace. On the 27th of February, 1845,- the legislature passed "An act incorporating the city of Glas- gow," which act established the city limits, provided for the election of officers, and defined their powers and duties. In 1853, an amendatory act was passed, extending the corporate limits as follows : "Beginning at the main channel of the Missouri river, opposite Gregg's creek ; proceeding thence up said creek one mile ; thence due north to Bear creek ; thence down Bear creek to the main channel of the Missouri river ; thence down said channel of the Missouri river to the place of beeinnino-." The city government was organized by the election of H. W. Smith as mayor, and R. P. Hanenkamp, Jacob Zimmerman, Dr. I. P. Vaughan, James S. Thomson, George B. Dameron, E. Billingsley, and Jesse Arnott, council. James S. Thomson was chosen president of the board, and Rev. C. D. Simpson, secretary. The present officers of the city government are : A. B. Southworth, mayor ; N. B. Weaver, C. H. Lewis, James Fitzpatrick, H. Stackland, John W. Baker and Simeon Openhimer, councilmen. R. H. Nanson, marshal; H. C. Grove, clerk; M. Leahman, treasurer; and J. J. Hawkins, city attorney. GROWTH AND BUSINESS. The town continued to grow in business and importance until the North Missouri railroad was constructed, twenty-seven miles north, thereby cutting off much of the trade, which had come from that direc- tion to Glasgow, for many years. The next blow was the building and completion of the west branch of the Wabash, which also took away much of the business of the town. For many years Glasgow was the shipping point for a great section of country, and was also a market to the farmers, who sold to the merchants their tobacco, pork, apples, etc. After building the railroads above named, the produce and surplus of the farmers along the lines of these roads found a better market, as they thought, in Chicago and St. Louis, and, consequently, withdrew their business from Glasgow. 210 HISTOKr OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Since the coming of the Chicago and Alton railroad to the town, Glasgow has bravely maintained its own, and has a population of about 1,800 souls. The schools (Lewis college and Pritchett school in- stitute) are located here (a full history of which is given in this chap- ter), and add much to the business as well as to the educational and literary interests of the place. The following will show something of the business and improve- ments of the town from 1849 to 1857 : — The improvements made in the town in 1849, were as follows: The Glasgow female seminary and Odd Fellows' hall, at a cost of $3,600. A large brick hotel erected by Turner and Earickson, at a cost of $7,000, on the corner of Howard and Water streets. Captain John F. Nichols erected a two-story brick warehouse. Johu Harrison commenced the erection of a large brick flouring mill. The amount of business for that year was as follows : — Tobacco, hogheads shipped, 5,230. Hemp, bales, 3,577. Bacon, casks, 118. Bale, rope, coils. 1,250. Lard, barrels, 259. Lard, kegs, 320. Green apples, barrels, 4,471. Dry apples, bushels, 4,089. Wheat, bushels. 21,670. Dry hides, 953. Pork, barrels, 450. STEAMBOATS. The following will show the superior facilities for river transpor- tion in 1850, over the present time: — Port of Glasgow — Came up. Sacramento, April 19. St. Paul, April 19. Lightfoot, April 21. Monroe, April 21. J. L. McLean, April 21. Went down. Gen. La.ne, April 22. Minnesota, April 22. El Paso, April 22. Pocahontas, April 23. Tuscumbia, April 25. Mary Blane, April 18. Haydee, April 20. Jas. Mil linger, April 20. Hungarian, April 20. St. Ange, April 21. Princeton, April 21. Alton, April 22. Cambria, April 22. Robert Campbell, April 22. Gen. Lane, April 23. NePlus Ultra, April 23. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 211 The population of Glasgow in November, 1852, was 800 ;includ- ing North Glasgow, 1,000. Population in 1856, Glasgow, 967. Population in 1856, Fayette, 706. Population in 1856, New Franklin, 221. Population in 1856, Roanoke, 128. The Central Missouri Insurance Company of Glasgow was incor- porated in 1857. BANKS AND BANKERS. The, first bauking house was a private institution, operated by Weston F. Birch & Son, from 1854 to 1859. During the latter year, the Western bank of Missouri was organized ; its principal stockholders were Wm. D. Swinney, Weston F. Birch, James T. Birch, Thomas E. Birch and George W. Ward. The second bank was the Exchange bank, which was established in 1857, with W. C. Boon, DabneyC. Garth, Talton Turner, Richard Earickson, Benj. W. Lewis and others as stockholders. Thomson & Dunnica succeeded the Exchange bank in 1863. Birch, Earickson & Co. started a bank in 1865. Glasgow Savings bank was established in 1871 ; capital $75,000. Directors : G. W. More- head, Thos. Shackelford, J. H. Turner, Jr., J. W. Southworth, Sydney Shackelford, Geo. B. Harrison, Thos. E. Birch. Thos. Shackelford, president ; Thomas E. Birch, cashier ; George B. Harrison, assistant cashier. Howard county bank succeeded Thomson & Dunnica in 1877. Capital, $35,000. J. S. Thomson, president; Joseph Stettmund, vice-president; J. P. Cunningham, cashier; A. W.Hutchinson, book- keeper; J. H. Wayland, secretary. Board of directors: J. S. Thomson, J. P. Cunningham, J. H. Wayland, R. W. Swinney, Joseph Stettmund, Monte Lehman. RAILROAD BRIDGE, TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE. Glasgow is the terminal point of the great Wabash system of railroads. The Chicago and Alton railroad crosses the river at this point, the company building a bridge in 1878, which cost about $500,000. The Western Union and Mutual Union telegraph companies, are represented. The town will be supplied with telephonic facilities soon, connecting the pi'incipal business houses, the hotels and springs. 212 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ADDRESS OF W. POPE YEAMAN, D. D. When the railroad bridge at Glasgow was completed, about 7,000 persons met in a grove below the town, to celebrate the event in an appropriate manner, by speech-making, a dinner, and general rejoic- ing. The chief feature of that occasion, was the eloquent and happy address of Dr. Yeaman, which we here give in full: — Ladies, Gentlemen — Fellow-citizens: To me has been assigned the pleasant duty of giving you a welcome to this interesting occa- sion. In behalf of those to whom we and the wide world are in- debted for this magnificent enterprise, the completion of which we celebrate to-day, I welcome all. In behalf of the citizens of the old and cultured town of Glasgow, I welcome you. To the smiling hills, generous fields, bowing forests and hospitable homes of Howard county, you who are visitors are thrice welcome. I have said we welcome you to this interesting occasion. This is truly an occasion of rare interest. We have not met as partisans to celebrate the temporary triumph of a part of the people over another part ; not to do homage to the valor and success of some standard bearer ; not to wreath with laurels the brow of some personal favor- ite ; nor for any purpose other than one in which all persons of all sections and all parties may and do have a real and practical interest. A great achievement in science and art has been made, and a won- derful advance step in higher civilization has been taken. The ever westward course of empire, in its irresistible onwardness, has chosen our central state of the Union, our own longest river of the continent, and our own classic town of Glasgow, as the theatre for the enactment of the greatest performance of the greatest science of a progressive age. I do not exaggerate. I do not use strong terms simply because they are most convenient for speech-making. I mean what I say. A great steel bridge, spanning a great river for railroad crossing, is an achievement in the science of civil engineer- ing and the art of construction, that marks the progress of thought and_ learning, and surely indicates that steady development of mind and wise utilization of matter, upon which is dependent the victories for which man is so eminently suited by his God-like endowments. The adaptation of the tangible results of mind-work to the promotion of man to the higher phases and planes of progressive life, is an essential factor in the forces of true improvement. The means and facilities for safe and rapid transit of persons and commercial commodities, are high in rank with those conditions of life which we seek to sum up and express in a single word — civiliza- tion. Prominent among these means and facilities is the structure familiarly known as a bridge. Next in the march of progress, after the improved road, came the bridge. The necessity for this structure must have been felt at a very early period in the history of civilized HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 213 nations, but it was not until a comparatively late one that the art of bridge building can be said to have assumed any very definite charac- ter. From Greek histoi'ians we learn of bridges built by Semiramus, Darius, Xerxes, Pyrrhus and others. But it would appear that the style of these structures was rude and unscientific. It consisted sim- ply in the erection of piers, upon the tops of which were laid hori- zontal beams of timber or large flat stones. During the monarchy and the early days of the republic of Rome, bridge building remained in this primitive condition ; yet the arch was essentially a Roman in- vention, and it was not until after their civilization had distinctly developed itself that the art of bridge building could be said to have existence on anything like a scientific basis. It is not improbable that the first stone bridge of large span was the Pons 8enatorius, or Senator's bridge, built by Caius Flavius Scipio. From this time on, during the days of the glory of Rome, this important physical ex- pression of civilization made steady improvements, subject to the hindrances interposed by the civil and military vicissitudes of the republic. Some of the Roman structures were remarkable for their imposing effect and substantial work, and evinced a skill in engineering that still challenges admiration. The principal material used in afi of the great bridges of the ancients was stone, and this was the prin- cipal material used by the scientific corps of the Ponts et Chaussees of France, under whose skilful engineering; the beautiful bridges of Blois, Orleans, Tours, Mohlins and others were designed and built in the eighteenth century. But it was not until about the year 1775, that cast iron was used among the ordinary building material of bridges ; this was by Mr. Pritchard, of Shrewsbury, England, in the erection of Coalbrookdale bridge, and thus was laid the foundation of anew and valuable style of construction. Mr. Pritchard' s example was followed by Thos. Wil- son, at Sunderland, 1795, and shortly afterwards cast iron was largely applied by Telford and his contemporaries. It is to the present century that the world is indebted for the highest attainments of science and art in meeting the demands created by the wonderful progress of civilization, promoted by the application of steam to railway locomotion, for bridges that combine all the elements of safety, durability and rapidity of construction ; and to our own land may the world turn for the highest exhibitions of learn- ing and skill in this department of public works. Great bridges are not built by novices. There is no department - that requires greater or more skilled brain work. We cease to look to the fascinations of poetry, the charms of eloquence, or the wisdom of the forum, for the exhibitions of the power of close and systematic thought. It is to great works of the present day like that which we celebrate, to which we turn as the practical utilitarian monuments of true greatness. Poetry, eloquence, law and government, are factors of civilization, but not its highest forms. The discovery and practical application of hidden forces to the real and actual demands of a 214 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ceaselessly progressive life, is a step far in advance of those original elements of improved society, yet all are necessary to the complete entirety. If we would appreciate the soundness of this superiority of men- tal achievement, let us contemplate, for a moment, some of the points to be settled in designing a bridge. And first, it must be known what is the water-way absolutely required by the most unfavorable circumstances of the particular case. This space, as to its dimensions, will depend upon several conditions : the area of the district contri- buting to the stream ; the quantity and condition of its rainfall ; the configuration and the geological character of the water-shed, the drainage of which must be passed under the bridge. Again, the form to be given to the piers and arches is not merely a matter of taste. Here, close calculation must be made of the extent and peculiar direction of water pressure ; also of the artificial weight, which, under the most urgent demand, may be brought to bear upon the structure, and then the properties, susceptibilities, capabilities and liabilities of the material which it is proposed to use in the construction ; these and many other minute and equally important points must be studi- ously and cautiously settled. But I now come to apply my hurried thoughts to the grand struc- ture whose proportions of wonder and beauty are before us to-day. Behold the first large steel bridge ever erected in the world ! To the enterprise and public spirit of such minds as those who manage the affairs of the Chicago and Alton railroad company, is the world indebted for this brilliant achievement. To the learning and skill of General Wm. Sooy Smith is the company and the public indebted for the conception, suggestion, prosecution and completion of the work. It is true that steel has entered, more or less, into the construc- tion of bridges for many years ; but until a very recent date it was used only in the parts exposed to the greatest strain. But up to the time that the Glasgow bridge was designed, no engineer had been so bold ns to plan any great bridge entirely of steel. Indeed, previous to that time there was no steel which possessed all of the requisites of a first- class bridge material. There was steel much stronger than any other metal, but it was brittle at low temperatures. The^miuds of engineers throughout the world were eagerly looking out for a steel, the compo- sitions of which united the necessary toughness at all temperatures with extraordinary strength. Not until the scientific experiments of an American and a Western man, Mr. A.F. Hay, of Burlington, Iowa, • resulted favorably, was the long-sought boon found. "When this steel was produced, it was subjected to the most careful tests, and was found to be capable of being bent double without crack or flaw when reduced to the lowest temperature attainable by freezing chemical combina- tions. These tests and experiments were made by General Smith, who recommended it for bridge building purposes ; his suggestions were approved and adopted by Mr. Blackstone, president of the Chicago, HISTOKY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 215 Altonand St. Louis railroad company, who is himself a civil engineer of eminent ability, as well as an executive officer of distinguished suc- cess. There is a little incident in the history of the bridge before us, of which Americans may be justly proud. During the national centen- nial exposition, General Smith met the celebrated English engineer, Mr. Barlow, and, in a conversation on the subject of steel bridges, banteringly said to him : " Look out, Mr. Barlow, or we will build a great steel bridge in America before you will in Europe." It was but a few days ago that the general had a letter from Mr. Barlow, asking as to the " progress on the proposed steel bridge at Glasgow." Com- mendable was the proud gratification that must have swelled the gen- eral's heart in answering back, " Trains are crossing it." (Here the speaker was interrupted by prolonged applause.) We feel kindly toward the government and people of her British majesty ; yet how can we refrain from a little exultation at the con- stantly recurring evidences of America's more rapid progress? (Ap- plause.) The two or three very small and comparatively unimportant steel bridges that hav ebeen built in Europe, still leave the Glasgow bridge the only great structure of the kind in the world. Since the designing of this bridge, a small steel bridge, built at the suggestion of General Smith, has been completed in Chicago. But, my hearers, let us go down from the superstructure, let us leave these thousands of tons of steel, these marvellous adjustments and curious combinations of force, and we will look at the basal structure. Those piers excite our admiration as we behold the beauty of their symmetry, and wonder at the gracefulness of their forms, as they stand upholding the elegant superstructure, with its passing burdens of wealth and thousands of living souls, in seeming consciousness of their great mission. Those graceful columns see safely across the great river uncouuted millions of the treasures from the hands of industry, and the hopes and the fears, the joys and griefs, the ambitions and disappointments of many thousands of our fellow-mortals. Long after the youngest person in this vast concourse of souls has stepped from the stage of life's varied drama, will those piers bear up and see safely over our unborn descendants. As sentinels, too, they stand reminding us that the works of man endure more than the workman, and silently say to us, lay broad and secure your foundations. Well, we must go under the water. Those piers rest not upon the sandy, muddy bed of the river. Down through the sand and mud and debris to the bed-rock, men went excavating and taking up the bed of the river here and there, that each pier might have a safe foot- hold upon the foundations of the earth. The process known as the "pneumatic,", of securing subaquatic foundations, is au invention of an English physician, Dr. Potts, made more than a quarter of a century ago, and introduced into this country by Chas. Pontz, about the year 1857, for bridging the great Pedee and the Santee rivers. 216 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. The wonder of this species of engineering is the pneumatic caisson, by which foundations are built above the surface of the water, and let down to the bed-rock that supports the bed of the river. The first of these scientific wonders was designed by General Smith, the engineer of the structure before us. This he proposed to sink for the foundation of a light-house on Frying-pan shoals, but the war in- terrupted and the work was not accomplished. After the war was ended and the people had returned to the arts of peace, the general designed and sunk the first pneumatic caisson ever built. This was used for putting in a sea-wall protection for the Waugoshance light- house in the straits of Mackinac. It surrounded the entire light- house, which stands two and a half miles from shore, and is regarded as one of the boldest and most successful feats in American engineer- ing. (Applause.) Quickly following this almost marvelous achievement, were the foundations of the New York and Brooklyn suspension bridge, and of the- great railroad and commonway bridge of St. Louis. Mean- while, substructures of the Omaha, Leavenworth and Boonville bridges were put in, under the supervision of the same master, by the same process. Many other important bridges, both in this country and abroad, were constructed upon piers founded in this way. The pneumatic process has undergone much improvement and develop- ment since its invention by Dr. Potts, and most of the appliances used in putting in the foundations of our bridge, are the inventions of the engineer who built it. But now we must come up' out of the water. The work is com- plete before us. A thing of beauty is a joy forever. Beauty is here combined with strength, durability and utility. Such combinations awaken admiration and inspire confidence. The metal of which our bridge is composed, has double the strength of the very best wrought iron ; it stretches as much before breaking, expands and contracts less with change of temperature, corrodes less rapidly, does not weaken under heavy strains, and is far more uniform in quality. All the parts of that magnificent structure subject to tension have been tested fifty per cent beyond the heaviest load they will ever have to bear, and it is estimated that the margin of its safety is fifty per cent greater than in the iron bridges of its class in this country. We thank Gen. Smith ; we thank Mr. Blackstone ; we thank the Chicago, Alton and St. Louis railroad company, for this contribution to the future development of a great state. The western division of the Chicago and Alton railroad is the best built and best equipped railroad in this mighty west. It runs through the heart of the best State of the union. The counties of Pike, Audrain, Boone, Howard, Saline, Lafayette and Jackson, combine all the resources of wealth of which any country can boast, and they are peopled by men and women who, for true patriotism, noble generosity and genuine hospitality, are not surpassed by the noblest of the noble. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 217 It is an honor to any corporation to own and use property in such a country and among such a people. We welcome the corporation and we wish it success. And General Smith, whose sojourn in Glas- gow has been a pleasure to our people, will at all times receive that hearty welcome merited by genius, culture and enterprise. Fellow-citizens : As the two great geographical divisions of our state are at many points united by strong and beautiful spans on great arches, so may the two great sections of the union, linked by steel and iron bars, and rails and wires, be more firmly bound by the strong chords of fraternal spirit, national love and a proper regard for national honor ! (Applause.) We must bridge a great chasm with a great moral and social structure. The substructure must be laid deep in the hearts of the people on both sides ; the piers must be built of patriotism and con- nected by arches of wisdom, and these must support a track for the car of a common humanity. Such a bridge cannot be built by de- magogues — no seekers after public plunder need apply. We want engineers skilled in the affairs of state. We must have workmen inspired by the noble enthusiasm of true national love and pride. We want and must have a common country bound together by the chords of common interest and fraternity, and he who seeks to rekindle the flames of sectional animosity must be anathematized as a miscreant and traitor, and be to the people as a heathen and a publican. Such a bridge must and will be built, of which we take the one before us as a physical expression ; and he who seeks to combine a solid section of the union against a solid section, will meet his merited doom at the verdict of an intelligent citizenship, ever de- manding unity of spirit in organic union. (With this conclusion of the address, the speaker retired, follow- ed by immense applause.) SALT, SULPHUR, AND IRON SPRINGS. These springs which are located near the city, were discovered more than half a century ago, and are now highly spoken of, on account of their medicinal virtues. As early as 1842, they were rec- ommended by a number of the best and most prominent citizens of the town, but until recently (1882), no special effort has been made to brine: them into notice. Bath-houses will be erected at the different springs by their proprietors, which will be equipped with all modern and scientific appliances, and everything will be done for the comfort and convenience of the sick and afflicted, who njay patronize them. Below will be found a partial analysis of the springs prepared by Prof. T. Berry Smith, of Pritohett institute, Glasgow, in March, 1883:— To the Editor of the Glasgow Journal: Last fall I made a partial analysis of some of the mineral waters 218 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. around Glasgow. I have no balances delicate enough to attempt to find per cents by weight of ingredients, and can only judge approxi- mately of quantities present by comparison of the precipitates. I make out a rudely comparative table : — Springs. Iron Oxide. Epsom Salts. Plaster of Paris and Limestone. Salt. Sulph. Gas. Flow per Day EectorBarton's J. F. Lewis' .... Red Bridge — t Large. Small. Medium. Small. Small. Abundant. Medium. Medium. Abundant. Very small. Very large. None. Abundant. •> Abundant. 1,000 gallons. 2,500 gallons. 750 gallons. It will be observed that the spring near Mr. Barton's is a chaly- beate spring, containing large quantities of iron and lime. All of the others abound in salt and free sulphuretted hydrogen gas, with medium quantities of iron, sulphate of magnesia and sulphate and carbonate of lime. The approximate flow per day of twenty-four hours is also given. I'couldnot give this in reference to Marr's well spring as it is an artesian well 181 feet deep. It contains more iron than either J. F. Lewis' or the Eed Bridge springs. The gas escapes and iron set- tles when the water is kept in bottles and exposed to the air, there- fore to get these to best advantage, the water must be used at the springs. I hope some time to be able to make more accurate analyses. PALMER HOUSE. One of the largest, most costly and elegantly furnished hotels in Missouri, outside of the three largest cities of the State, is the Palmer house, at Glasgow. On June 1, 1881, a joint stock company was formed, the shares being limited to $100 each, and taken up by forty-four original stock- holders, composed of J. P. Cunningham, J. J. Hawkins, Caples & Hawkins, John F. Lewis, J. M. Swinney, Strouse & Co., Dr. J. W. Hawking, N. B. Weaver, R. B. Caples, Joseph C. Drake, R. S. Mc- Campbell, C. H. Southwortb, T. W. Morehead, Wm. A. Meyers, George B. Harrison, Jos. Steadman, Thos. Shackelford, Yeaman & Bowen, John H. Turner, John Walcker, Jas. C. Collins, E. Poirier, T. M. Morgan, Philip Wahl, Major J. W. Lewis, Logan D. Dameron, Lehman & Miller, Jos. Steadman Jr., George Steinmetz.H. W. Cock- erill, J. W. Heryford, F. W. Heryford, C. Dautel, Joseph F. Hender- son, H. G. Gleyre'E. Poirier, J. F. Henderson, James S. Thompson, H. Clay Cockerill, Litman & Baer, Dr. James W. Southworth, Wm. Wengler & Sons., Geiger & Winand, Thos. Biggs, and Henry S. Pritchett. The board of directors were Thomas Shackelford, J. S. Thompson, Major J. W. Lewis, John H. Turner, J. W. Heryford; HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 219 officered as follows : Thomas Shackelford, president ; J. S. Thompson, vice-president and secretary; J. W. Heryford, treasurer and superin- tendent. Work was commenced without delay, and the building was finished during the latter part of the year 1882. THE BUILDING fronts west on Main street, overlooking the Missouri river and a beautiful stretch of country on the Saline county shore, is built of brick, the main portion being four stories high, with handsome veran- das from second and third stories. The dimensions of the main building proper, are 54 X 135 feet, with an "L," 45 X 46 ; the main entrance being in the centre on Main street, with the ladies' entrance on the north and one on the south leading to the ladies' ordinary. FIRST FLOOR. Running the entire length of the centre of the building is a passage- way eleven feet wide, with fifteen feet ceiling; in this are located all the water and gas pipes proper; it is also a means of ventilation. Front- ing on Main street, are six business rooms. To the rear of this hall and under the " L," is a roomy basement, where are located the Cole- man gas generator, the electric batteries, laundries, etc. SECOND FLOOR is reached by three different avenues ; north and south entrances, and by the main stairway in front fifteen feet wide. This stairway leads to the main hallway, running the entire length of the building, and is eleven feet wide and twelve feet in the clear. To the right of the entrance is located the office, which is supplied with an electric annunciator as well as speaking tubes. The office is 22 X 22 feet in dimensions. To the left of the entrance is a large reading-room, a ladies' parlor, and a ladies' reception room. To the east across the hall are rooms en suite. To the south of this is the dining-hall 24 X 45 feet, with two en- trances. The ladies ordinary has a southern exposure, and also south entrances, size 15 X 35 feet. To the west and between the ordinary and main hallway are the sample-rooms. THIRD FLOOR. A large hall runs the entire length of the building ; the north vnng of the third story is set apart for the ladies and family use. In 220 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. the centre of main building is a large court way to a veranda in the front. Across the hall is a "drummer's room," which is large, with aute-rooms. The south wing in third story is taken up with single rooms. FOURTH FLOOR is used exclusively for sleeping apartments. The house is equipped with bath-rooms, hot and cold water, and the entire building is one which would be creditable to a much larger town or city. PALMER HOUSE OPENING. One of the most important events that ever occurred in the his- tory of the town was the opening of the Palmer house to the public, which took place on the 9th day of March, 1883. The Glasgow Journal, of March 16, 1883, said : — As was anticipated, there was a large attendance at the opening of the Palmer house on Friday evening, some six hundred guests assem- bling in its spacious rooms, a large number of whom came from neigh- boring cities. The morning train on the Chicago and Alton railroad from the west brought in a number of guests, and still more came in on the night train. The evening trains on both roads were literally crowded. The guests began assembling in the parlors soon after eight, and continued to pour in rapidly until eleven o'clock. Dancing began about nine, in the large dining-room which was reserved for the pur- pose, and continued until nearly daylight. The music was furnished by the Coates' opera house band of Kansas City. The ball-room proved of ample dimensions, ten and twelve sets occupying the floor at a time, and the dancers passed away the hours merrily. The supper, prepared and served under the skilful direction of Mrs. Wilhite, was all that could be desired, and reflected credit upon the lady. As the large dining-room had been transformed for the time into a ball-room, it was necessary to use a smaller room, which would accommodate but sixty or seventy persons at a time. Some ten or a dozen tables were spread in all, but with care and skill, the changes were effected rapidly and without confusion. On every side we heard praises from the guests from abroad, ar.d surprise at the size and elegance of the building. We may safely claim that no one was disappointed, and the expectations of the majority were greatly surpassed. Much of the pleasure of the evening is to be attributed to the efficient work of the various committees, and especially to the ladies who were appointed to assist the reception committee. There was a sufficient number to see that none of the numerous guests were neg- lected, and none shirked their duty. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 221 Altogether, we have never seen an entertainment of its size pass off as pleasantly as did the opening Friday night. Our citizens endea- vored to make it as enjoyable as possible, and our guests seemed to appreciate their efforts. It was impossible, of course, to obtain the names of half who were present, but among guests from neighboring towns we noticed S. C. Boyd, F. P. Sebree, A. J. Trigg, Leslie Orear, J. C. Patterson, editor of the Progress, Adolph Striker, R. V. Montague, D. Monta- gue, J. P. Strother and lady, S. Bachrach, H. Lowenstein, M. Hage- dorn, Misses Drusilla Hutchison, Cora Hutchison, Lizzie King, Russie Boyd, and Maud Striker, Marshall; F. H. Gilliam and lady, W. T. Swinney and lady, G. B. Porter and lady, Miss Katie Swinney, and Samuel Daniels, Gilliam ; A. E. Rector and lady, C. Whit Williams, editor of the Index, Dr. T. B. Carter, and Jonas Stern, Stater; A. J. Rodman, Wm. Walker, D. M. Willis, Chas. Harris, Ledru Silvey, Misses Pattie Woodson, Hattie Salisbury, Laura Earickson, and Josie Wilson, Salisbury; N. B. Parks and lady, J. D. Butler and lady, A. C. Vandiver, editor of the Courier, and Dr. C. T. Holland, Keytes- ville ; Judge J. B. Hyde and lady, and Dr. T. E. Martin, Dalton ; Miss Emma Heryford, A. J. Payton, and L. Swearinger, Forrest Green ; I. N. Houck, editor of the Fayette Independent, W. A. Dudgeon and lady, S. B. Tolson, R. C. Clark and S. C. Major, Fayette ; Mrs. E. R. Way- land and daughter, Col. J. R. Richardson, and D. J. Briggs, Roanoke ; E. R. Lewis and lady, E. E. Samuels, E. Taylor, Huntsville ; Wm. Mc- Murray, and Henry Runkles, Mexico ; Mrs. J. A. Race and daughter, Moberly ; Chas. Dewey and sister, Kansas City; C. A. Honaker and' lady, Leadville ; J. R. Hawpe and lady, Shackelford ; Frank Massie, Kentucky; Misses L. and M. Walker, Pleasant Green, Cooper county. SECRET SOCIETIES. Glasgow has a number of secret orders. The Odd Fellows (the oldest), the Masonic, A. O. U. W., K. of H., K. of P., the German and Irish Benevolent Societies, and a lodge of Good Templars. Morning Star Lodge No. 15, I. O. O. F., organized in 1846. Charter members — Samuel Steinmetz, Thomas Davis, Ashley, Phil- lip Foust, H. House. The charter was surrendered about the year 1872, and the lodge reorganized thereafter in 187-. Present officers — Lewis Littmann, N. G. ; George Binks, V. G. ; W. A. Smith, secretary ; A. C. Gillies, treasurer ; A. B. Southworth, D. G. M. Livingston Lodge No. 51, A. F. and A. M., organized October 12, 1876. Charter members — Chas. H. Lewis, G. W. Morehead, John H. Turner, Jr., and others whose names could not be obtained. First officers — J. W. Norris, W. M. ; John Seibe, S. D. ; T. W. Morehead, S. W. ; Wm. Turner, J. D. ; T. W- Morgan, J. W. ; J. 16 222 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. J. Hawkins, S. S. : C. F. Mason, treasurer; W. T. Maupin, J. S. ; J. C. Cunningham, secretary ; Jacob Essig, tyler ; J. O. Swinney, chaplain. Present officers— J. H. Turner, W. M. ; John E. Pritchett, S. D. ; Daniel Langfeld, S. W. ; John Seibe, J. D. ; J. H. Turner, Jr., J. W. ; James O. Swinney, chaplain; Thos. G. Digges, treasurer; E. E. Turner, tyler ; J. H. Wayland, secretary. Knights of Pythias — charter granted Ivanhoe Lodge No. 31 January 26, 1874. Charter members — I. and Clay Cockerill, Monte Lehman, C. W. Vaughan, James E. Donohoe, A. B. Southworth, James W. Eastin, John Chamberlain, A. C. Feazel, P. E. Sears, Frank Porier, W. W. Cockerill, George D. Eastin, Clarence South- worth, P. Baier, Jr., B. F. Eamord, E. Anderson, Wm. Lehman, E. L. Steinmetz, James O. Finks, I. and G. Gleyre, C. T. Holland, J. B. Lewis. Present officers — A. C. Gillies, P. C. ; A. Littman, C. C. ; C. G. Miller, V. C. ; L. Littman, P. ; J. S. Henderson, K. E. and S. ; M. Lehman, M. of F. ; E. A. Wengler, M. of Ex. ; Abe Strouse, M. of A. ; L. Bowler, I. G. ; Jos. E. Stettmund, O. G. Meet every Thursday. Endowment rank meet once per month. Forty-nine members. Knights of Honor — Golden Lodge 2051. Charter members — T. E. Birch, Jr., John H. Bowen, John W. Cox, James C. Collins, H. C. Grove, A. W. Hutchison, John W. Hawkins, O. M. Harrison, J. C. Hall, A. E. Johnson, G. F. Kuemmel, J. C. Marr, T. A. Mere- dith, George Phipps, J. M. Swinney, A. Steckling, W. N. Wickes, S. M. Yeaman, W. Pope Yeaman, D. L. Stevenson. Officers — H. C. Grove, dictator ; A. E. Johnson, vice-dictator ; T. E. Birch, Jr., reporter; A. W. Hutchison, financial reporter; George Phipps, treasurer. A.O.U.W. — Glasgow Lodge No. 112 ; charter members — Louis M. Kail, Larkin Garnett, Max Keller, "Wm. A. Smith, H. G. Gleyre, Theo.E. Osborne, B. C. Weiler, Thos. H. Wilson, Geo. W. Penn, Jas. C. Hall, J. W. Wright, M. B. Collins, J. S. Henderson, E. B. Mcllhany, D. L. Stevenson, R. T. Bond, W. H. Tatum, G. F. Keummel, Monte Lehman, T. Berry Smith. Officers— Dr. M. B.Collins, P. M. W. ; Geo. F. Keummel, M. W. ; Geo. W. Jones, Foreman ; Thos. E. Birch, Jr., O. ; Jos. S. Henderson, recorder; Gustav Rail, Eec. ; Wm. Lutz, Fin. ; M. Lehman, guide; S. H. Trowbridge, I. W. ; J. C. Collins, O. W. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 223 EARLY SCHOOLS. One among the first schools kept in the town of Glasgow, was opened by Rev. Charles D. Simpson, an Old-School Presbyterian min- ister. This was between the years 1840 and 1843. The most impor- tant school up to 1850, was known as the Glasgow female seminary. The building — a large, handsome brick which cost $3,600 — is still standiug on the brow of the hill. It was erected in 1848-49, with Odd Fellows hall in the second story. The first principal of the school was Rev. A. B. Frazier, who was succeeded by Revs. George S. Savage and French Strother, and others. The building is now unoccupied. The boarding-house connected with the seminary is a large brick building. It was erected in 1852, and cost $3,500. PR1TCHETT SCHOOL INSTITUTE. The collegiate school, known as Pritchett school institute, owes its origin solely to the enterprise and benevolence of Rev. James O. Swinney. The year 1865, following on the close of the great civil war, found the country sadly in want of the means of academic and collegiate education. It was to aid in meeting this want that this school was inaugurated. It was begun in the autumn of 1866, and for several years was conducted in the building known as the Glasgow female seminary and Odd Fellows' hall. This building and the ad- jacent grounds and buildings were secured for it by the influence and at the sole cost of Mr. Swinney. The original plan and aims of the school will be best learned from its first published circular — a liberal extract from which is the subjoined : — This new school for youth of both sexes, begins its first session Mon- day, September 17, 1866. For nearly twenty years the principal has been an earnest laborer in the cause of education in central Missouri. Relying on his extensive acquaintance, he submits to the appreciative communities of the State some of the claims of his school to their confidence and patronage : 1 . Its permanency. — To make it permanent and to begin a found- ation for present and future usefulness, Rev. J. O. Swinney has gen- erously donated to it $20,000 in endowment and school property. The principal, assisted by instructors of thorough competency, expects to devote to it the best energies of his remaining life. The hope is cherished not only by himself but by his generous friends, that it will be, not only an institution of blessing to the present generation, but one to increase in resources and usefulness for generations to come. 224 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 2. Accommodations. — The school building is amply commodious for the number of pupils to be received, is eligibly situated, and is to be fitted and furnished in superior style. 3. School Plan. — It aims to combine the advantages both of the grammar school and college. The instructions comprise, (1) English language and literature; (2) mathematics; (3) ancient classics; (4) modern languages ; (5) natural science ; (0) metaphysics and moral philosophy; (7) logic, rhetoric, and political economy; (8) instrumental and vocal music. As soon as a charter is obtained a detailed course of study will be published. That large class of pu- pils who are in elective studies can receive certificates for such branches as they complete; and the smaller number, who aspire to a a full, collegiate course, can here receive, when they are earned, all the customary school honors. 4. Admission. — We neither seek a large school nor crowded classes; hence no scholar will be received who has not attained the entrance grade. This will insure the students, (1) proper classification; (2) systematic study ; (3) ample time to learn and recite. 5. Order and Emulation. — We reckon it a recommendation to our school that it places boys and girls in such relation to each other as to afford an opportunity for the most refined emulation, in learning and manners. 6. Discipline. — This is to be firm but mild and uniform. We desire no pupil who is not disposed to yield a ready obedience to the internal and external regulations of the school. The discipline respects these three circumstances: (1) attendance; (2) conduct; (3) scholarship. Daily i - ecords of them are kept. Students who be- come refractory, or even indifferent, to their daily record are quietly dismissed. Both for teachers and pupils our motto will be that of a celebrated English school, Doce, Disce, aut Discedi ; Teach, Learn, or Leave. 7. Special Instruction. — Young gentlemen, or ladies, who wish to pursue special branches of higher mathematics, mechanics, or astronomy, can find no more liberal assistance in the west than we can afford them. We expect, as soon as practicable, to furnish our school with the more important pieces of philosophic apparatus, and with astronomical instruments adequate to useful observation in the problem of spherical astronomy. 8. Location. — The school site commands one of the most exten- sive views of water, woodland and prairie scenery, to be enjoyed in the state. The situation of Glasgow is pre-eminently healthy ; and the society for refinement, social and religious culture is unsurpassed in Missouri. TO PARENTS AND GUARDIANS. Ours is a Christian, but not a denominational school. In it the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 225 Holy Scriptures are to be daily read, and exercises of devotion con- ducted. While we cultivate the intellect we would direct the spirit to the higher life and destiny. While training the mind we would not forget the heart. While we earn our daily bread in the toil of the teachers' vocation, we are conscious of higher motives than tem- poral advantage. We desire your hearty co-operation, first, in secur- ing the regular attendance of your children ; second, in influencing their manners and application. For particulars apply to the principal, or to Rev. J. O. Swinney. CarrW. Pritchett. Principal. In the year 1867, the school acquired a corporate existence under the general act of incorporation. By its charter, its property and general management is vested in a board of trustees, consisting at first of three, and afterwards of five and seven persons. It is neces- sary for them to be men of family, and residents in the vicinity of Glasgow. By its fundamental law it is forever to be a Christian, but not a denominational school, and to be open alike to youth of both sexes. The president is the only official chosen directly by the trustees. He has committed to him the entire responsibility of selecting assistants, arranging the course of study, selection of text- books, administration of discipline, graduation of pupils, etc. The president is strictly responsible to the trustees, and all other teachers are responsible directly and solely to him. In the first year of its exis- tence the school had 146 pupils, and it became evident that the building and grounds were too contracted for its wants. A fine lot of ground on the eastern limits of Glasgow, consisting of seven acres, was pro- cured, at the cost of Mr. Swinney, for $3,000. On this the present com- modious building was erected, at a cost of about $20,000, all of which was furnished by Mr. Swinney, except a donation of $5,000 from Mr., Richard Earickson, now deceased. The building is of brick, three stories high, and has a metallic roof. It is 65 X 55 feet, and has ample halls, a chapel, and numerous rooms for lectures, recitations, laboratories and museum. Two hundred pupils can find ample accom- modation within its walls. Into this building the school was removed in the autumn of 1869, and the building in town was sold to Lewis col- lege. The school remained under the sole management of Mr. Pritchett for seven years, till the close of the scholastic year 1872-73. The suc- cessor of Mr. Pritchett in the presidency of the institute, was Prof. Oren Root, Jr., who held the position for three consecutive years, till the close of the scholastic year 1876-77. He was succeeded by Rev. R. T. Bond, who held the position for the next four years — 226 history or Howard and cooper codnties. till the close of the scholastic year 1880-81. Rev. Joseph H. Pritchett, was then elected president, and has now held the position two years. Previously to 1874, in order to maintain the high standard of instruction, for which the president was solely and pecuniarily re- sponsible, several gentlemen of Glasgow made liberal annual con- tributions ; and it is the special wish of Mr. Pritchett, to transmit to the future, the names of James O. Swinney, John Harrison, Thomas E. Birch, Sr., Richard Earickson, Thomas Shackelford, Mrs. Lucy A. Swinney, Mrs. Eleanor Lewis, L. F. Hayden, John F. Lewis, and Geo. B. Harrison, as contributors to an annual fund, which enabled him without an endowment, to maintain a collegiate school. In 1874, the institution received a great impulse by the magnifi- cent donation of $50,000, from Miss Berenice Morrison. This sum, together with "other vested endowments, now amounts to nearly $60,000, the annual interest of which, in addition to tuition, consti- tutes the income of the institute. The patronage and comparative success of the school has varied in different years ; but in all this time a steady growth has been main- tained ; and to-day in its appointments and facilities for thorough academic and collegiate instruction, it holds a high rank among the colleges of Missouri. While it has steadily aimed to produce scholars rather than graduates; yet more than forty young ladies, and fifteen young men have received their diplomas here, many of whom, are now iu positions of honorable trust ; and all in positions of useful- ness. In addition to the original school property, the trustees have 'lately purchased the residence and grounds formerly owned by Mr. Pritchett. This property, joined with the adjacent grounds and build- ings, constitutes the whole, one of the most valuable school proper- ties in central Missouri. MORRISON OBSERVATORY. In connection with the endowment of $50,000, made to Pritchett school institute, Miss Morrison made an additional donation of $50,000 to found and endow an astronomical observatory. This fund and the acquired property, is under the control of the same persons as trustees, who for the time are trustees of Pritchett school institute. But the trusteeship of the observatory is a separately acquired investiture — pertains to the same persons, but not as a part of the original trust, but for a distinct trust and purpose. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 227 In 1874, Miss Morrison, then in Europe, in her own name author- ized and empowered Prof. C. W- Pritchett, to proceed at once to erect and equip an astronomical observatory — subject to the direc- tion, in certain particulars, of her legal representative, Eev. J. O. Swinney. In the execution of this work, — the selection of site, the erection of building, the selection, purchase, transporta- tion and mounting of instruments, — Mr. Pritchett had the generous and hearty co-operation of Mr. Swinney. The building was erected in 1875, on a lot of ground one and a half miles east of Glasgow, especially donated for this purpose by H. Clay Cockerill and John F. Lewis. Its geographic position is 1 hr. 3 m. 5.93 sec, west of the dome of the United States naval observatory, Washing- ton, and in latitude 39°, 16', 16.75", north. The building consists first of the equatorial room and tower on the east. It is of brick, with very massive walls, carried up from a depth of ten feet below the surface. In the centre is the great pier for the equatorial — twelve by twelve feet at base, twelve feet below the surface. This building is surmounted by a hemis- pherical dome, and metallic roof and shutters. The dome is made to revolve by a system of gearing and wheel-work on six spher- ical balls of gun metal, which roll in a groove between two sets of iron plates — the lower set firmly attached to the heavy limestone capping of the tower, and the upper to the heavy sill of the dome. The metallic shutters, in four sections, are raised and lowered by an end- less chain connected with a system of pulleys. Beneath this dome is mounted the splendid equatorial, by Alvan Clark & Sons, mounted in December, 1875. It is twelve and one-fourth inches clear aperture of objective and seventeen feet focal length. Directly west of the equatorial-room and attached to it is the room for the meridian circle, collimator and sidereal clock. All these instruments are mounted on heavy insulated pins of solid masonry, extending ten feet below the surface. The meridian circle is by Wough ton & Simms, London — six inches clear aperture of objective and seven feet focus with twenty-four inch circles, reading to single seconds by eight microscopes. The sidereal clock is by Frodsham, London. West of the transit circle-room is the library and work-room. Here is stored a very valuable astronomical library and various minor instru- ments, — the telegraphic instruments and electric chronograph. The chronograph is used for recording observations by electro-magnetism, and the telegraph is chiefly used for sending out time signals from the standard clock. The cost of building and instruments was about $25,000. 228 HISTOKY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. The main object of the observatory is to make exact and system- atic observations of the heavenly bodies, and to reduce, record aud publish them. For the last seven years, in despite of its small annual income, it has done a large amount of work, much of which is of per- manent value. Many of its observations have been published in the scientific journals of Europe, and a much larger number awaits publi- cation in a more suitable form. Part of this time, Mr. Pritchett was assisted by his son, Prof. Henry S. Pritchett, now professor of mathe- matics and astronomy in Washington university, St. Louis. He now has the assistance of his youngest son, C. W. Pritchett, Jr. LEWIS COLLEGE. [Prepared by Prof. Jas. C. Hall.] Lewis college is located in Glasgow, Howard county, Missouri, and had its origin in the benevolence of two prominent citizens of the place, Colonel Benjamin W. Lewis and Major James W. Lewis. These brothers, by industry and the skilful management of a large manufacturing business, had acquired considerable wealth, and de- sired t6 use it for the benefit of their fellow-men, and especially for the community in which they had spent so many happy and prosperous years. Accordingly a plan was formed for the establishment of a college ; but in the few years preceding the war aud during its con- tinuance, the times were so troubled and society so divided, that im- mediate action was not considered prudent. The war developed new issues and surroundings, and forced changes upon individuals which had not been anticipated, and culmi- nated events suddenly which thoughtful minds had seen coming, but for which they were yet unprepared. The brothers were strongly in sympathy with the government in the preservation of the union and in the principles it sought to maintain ; it seemed, therefore, fitting that they should put themselves in accord with their principles in their religious as well as their political associations. They and their fami- lies had always been in fellowship with the Southern Methodist church, but finding themselves out of accord with it in the new issues developed by the war, they deemed it best to sever their relations with that denomination and unite with the. Methodist Episcopal church, in the interests of which the Eev. D. A. McCready had then been sent to Glasgow. Accordingly, they and their wives, together with Noah Swacker and wife, joined that church and were by Mr. Mc- Cready organized into the first Methodist Episcopal society formed in HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 229 230 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Howard county since the great division in 1844. The immediate outgrowth of this step was the purchase of a church building ou Market street, and the establishment of a school in the basement which was called the Lewis high school. Of this school Rev. D. A. McCready was appointed principal and achieved encouraging success. This was the initial step, and precipitated the plan for the proposed college, which now took definite shape. The enterprise might per- haps have been more rapidly developed and commanded more imme- diate success had not the course of events been changed by the hand of Providence. In 1866, Colonel B. W. Lewis died from the effects of a carbun- cle on the neck, but in his will he directed his executors to set apart the sum of ten thousand dollars for the purchase and maintenance of a library in the city of Glasgow, which should be under the con- trol and management of a board of trustees appointed by the annual conference of the Methodist Episcopal church in Missouri, and should be open to the citizens of the town as a circulating library. He also proposed to make a proportionately liberal provision for the future college, of which this was intended to be a part, but died before his plans could be developed. In the same year, his widow, Mrs. Eleanor T. Lewis, his son, Benjamin W. Lewis, Jr., and Major James W. Lewis erected, at a cost of nearly $26,000, the handsome build- ing known as the Lewis library buildiug, which they proposed to deed to the M. E. church as soon as the trustees should be ap- pointed by the said church to receive it and the above bequest. In March, 1867, the matter was brought before the Missouri conference, in session at Independence, and the following persons were appointed as trustees, viz. : Major James W. Lewis , Joseph D. Keebaugh, Charles E. Barclay, Nathan Shumate, David A. McCready, Benjamin W. Lewis, Jr., John Wachter, Hon. George Young, Hon. David Landon, Joseph H. Hopkins and William S. Wentz — "for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of said will and taking possession of said bequest, buildings and other property, and for the further purpose of establishing a permanent institution of learning in the city of Glasgow," and, pursuant to previous notice, the said trus- tees met on the 24th of May, 1867, in the city of Glasgow, and adopted articles of association, and on the 23d day of Sep- tember, following, became by due course of law a body politic and corporate under the corporate name of the Lewis college and library association. On this new basis, Lewis college was opened in October 1867, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 231 with Eev. J. S. Barwick, A. M., president, assisted by L. Bremer, A. M., Miss S. E. Eichelberger and Mrs. E. S. Barwick as teachers. One hundred and forty pupils were enrolled. A few were classed in the college department, but the principal work of the school was in the academic grades. Prof. Barwick remained only a part of two years as president, and in 1869, Eev. L. M. Albright took charge. The library building proving inadequate, steps were taken by Major James W. Lewis and others to purchase the seminary building on Third and Market streets, then owned by the trustees of Pritchett school institute. This purchase, including the brick building imme- diately adjoining, was effected sometime in 1869, and the college was opened there. The surroundings were even more pleasant and the institution was better prepared to provide for its students. About the same time the trustees came into possession of the large frame building known as Bartholow hall, situated on the corner of Fourth and Commerce streets, Avhich was fitted up with all the necessary ar- rangements for a club-house, where young men could board them- selves or be boarded at cheap rates. By the munificence of its founders, everything was done that could be to secure patronage and to elevate the grade of the school, but, notwithstanding their efforts, the growth was slow. The local patronage by political preferences and social relationships, was naturally turned to other institutions, and the church to which the school looked for patronage was able to do but little, for the reason that its membership were for the most part new comers, young married people with but little more money than was necessary to buy land and stock and to meet the wants of their growing families. These facts were not altogether un- expected, and yet they were somewhat discouraging to those who compared the progress with that made with older and more favored colleges. In the spring of 1881, President Albright resigned and the trust- ees at their meeting in June, elected Rev. T. A. Parker to fill the place. Prof. Parker did not personally take charge of the school but, by the permission of the board, employed James C. Hall, A. M., and Mrs. Olive K. Hall, A. M., to manage the affairs until the next year. At the next meeting of the trustees, in June, 1882, Rev. James C. Hall, A. M., was elected president and Mrs. Olive K. Hall, professor of Latin and Greek. The circumstances surrounding the school were not such as to inspire confidence, or develop enthusiasm, yet the college took no step backward ; local sympathy was slow in growth, but it came at last and a creditable respect was won. 232 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Several efforts were made to secure endowment and various plans adopted, but none of them were productive of much fruit. The patronizing conferences of the church were divided in feeling, partly on account of dissatisfaction with the local surroundings, and partly on account of efforts to secure their influence in estab- lishing schools in other parts of the state. The want of< endowment made it impossible to meet the necessary expenses for instruction, and the work would necessarily have been aban- doned had not the deficiencies from year to year been promptly met by Major James W. Lewis, who generously expended thousands of dollars in this direction. In the year 1877, some changes were made in the general management, and the school was thrown more fully upon its own income for support. In the spring of 1880, proposi- tions were made to the trustees for the consolidation of Lewis col- lege and Prichett school institute into one school, under the control of the M. E. church, and a contract for such consolidation was made by representatives of both institutions, but before the opening of the fall session it was again dissolved. In the spring of 1882, Bishop H. W. Warren, D. D., visited the college for the purpose of examining its condition, needs and pros- pects, and in council with prominent citizens it was resolved to ap- peal to the citizens of Glasgow for aid to supply better buildings and more ample grounds, and in case they neglected or refused to do so, then the college should be removed. This was fully set forth in a public meeting held at the M. E. church in Glasgow, March, 1882. At the next annual conference of the church held in Chilli- cothe, a committee was appointed to act with another committee to be appointed by the St. Louis conference of the M. E. Church, as a joint commission to determine the location and to relocate if neces- sary, Lewis college. This commission met at the annual commence- ment of the college, May 31, 1882, and decided to relocate the col- lege at one of the several suitable cities which should make the most liberal bid in lands, money and building. This committee met again on June 28, to open the bids received — Sedalia offering twelve acres of land suitably located, and $10,000 cash, and Glasgow offering twenty- five acres of land, the building and apparatus of the college, two pianos, the boarding-house and the building known as Bartholow hall, and a subscription of $7,600, Glasgow was selected, and the necessary arrangements for the transfer of the property to the trustees were made. Steps were im- mediately taken to purchase the handsome residence just north of the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 233 city known as the Lewis mansion. On November 22d, the negotia- tion was effected, and on the 21st of December, the new premises were taken possession of by the college. A full report of the action of the commission and board of trus- tees in the location of the college and the purchase of property, was made to the Missouri and St. Louis annual conferences and endorsed by them. Eev. J. J. Bentley was appointed financial agent, and plans were adopted which promise to make the college at once a suc- cess. A general retrospect of the entire history of the college shows a slow but continued advance. From its humble betrinnino' in the basement of the church, through all the viscissitudes of its for- tune, it has won every step it has gained by determined and perse- vering effort. Whatever of Utopian dreams may have hovered over its early years have been dispelled by the struggles through which it has passed. Those who administer its affairs grasp its interests with a strong hand, and upon the new and permanent foundation, with the handsomest surroundings of any college in Missouri, Lewis col- lege sets out with flattering prospects to achieve the noblest ambi- tion of its founders, and to bring to their names the honor due. LEWIS LIBRARY. The Lewis library was founded by the late Colonel Benjamin W. Lewis, who ordered in his will that the liberal sum of ten thousand dollars should be set apart to be invested in a library, to be located in the city of Glasgow, Howard county, Missouri ; and that the said library should be under the control of the Methodist Episcopal church. Since his death, a handsome buiding has been erected by Mrs. Eleanor Lewis, his widow, Benjamin W. Lewis, his son, and Major J. W. Lewis, his brother, in which the library is now kept. Since its foundation, it has been steadily increasing in favor and prosperity. Its influence is widely felt, and its interests begin to find a response in the hearts of the people, who already regard it with pride as the ornament of the city, and a fitting monument of the life and labors of its benevolent founder. It is replete with all the standard authors, leading magazines, and a fine collection of mineral specimens ; is arranged somewhat after the style of the public school library, St. Louis, and the works contained are estimated to have cost $5,000. Many rare and ancient curiosities are to be found here, affording large speculative theories, and themes for earnest and candid study, The building is a handsome two-story structure of modern architecture, the second floor being devoted to the 234 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. library aud reading-room. The first floor is a public lecture hall. The building is 40x90 feet in dimensions, and cost $30,000. This is without doubt one of the finest institutions of its kind in the state, and has to be seen to be fully appreciated. Board of trustees — Rev. J. H. Hopkins, John Wachter, Eev. John Gillies, Eev. J. E. Sassine, Eev. Benj. St. J. Fry, D. D., Major J. W. Lewis, B. W. Lewis, Jr., Eev. W. F. Clayton, Eev. G. W. Durment, Eev. W. J. Martindale, Eev. T. J. Ferril. Officers of the Board — Eev. J. H. Hopkins, president ; Major J. W. Lewis, vice- president; Eev. J. D. Keebaugh, secretary ; John Wachter, treasurer. Executive committee — Eev. J. H. Hopkins, Major J. "W. Lewis, Eev. W. J. Martindale. Librarian — Mrs. Jeanie Almond Frost. r PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The public schools of Glasgow were organized about two years after the war of 1861. There are at this time (1883) two hundred and forty white pupils* and two hundred and fifteen colored pupils enrolled. Present teachers — George W. Jones, superintendent; Miss Lizzie Feagel, first assistant; Miss Blanch Hieronymus, second assist- ant ; Miss Nettie Sears, third assistant ; Miss Ella Hams, fourth as- sistant. Colored school — A. E. Chinn, L. F. Payne," Miss Nancy I. Farel. POST-OFFCE. Glasgow post-office was established September 27, 1837. The list of postmasters with date of appointment is as follows : — September 27, 1837, E. P. Hanenkamp. September 30, 1839, Thomas A. Lewis. November 30, 1841, Daniel Maynard. January 29, 1842, E. P. Hanenkamp. November 13, 1846, Henry W. Smith. April 11, 1849, W. F. Dunnica. December 24, 1852, John C. Crowley. February 4, 1853, James S. Thompson. August 24, 1853, John T. Marr. November 11, 1856, Gideon Crews. December 31, 1861, Frank W. Diggs. * A number of white pupils attend other schools and colleges, which largely decreases the number attending the public schools. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 235 February 14, 1862, Christian Dantel. May 22, 1862, Frank W. Diggs. March 24, 1869, Joseph D. Keebaugh. January 20, 1871, Enoch B. Cunningham. March 19, 1875, J. P. Cunningham. DIRECTORY OF GLASGOW. 5 dry goods houses, 1 beot and shoe store, 3 boot and shoe makers, 7 grocery stores, 4 drug stores, 5 saloons, 2 silversmith shops, 3 tailor shops, 1 millinery store, 2 bakers, 1 furniture store, 4 blacksmith shops, 2 tin and stove shops, 2 dentists, 1 saddler shop, 1 saw mill and veneering manu- facture, 2 flouring mills, 1 Baptist church, 1 Christian church, 1 Catholic church, 1 German Evangelical church, 1 M. E. Church, south, 1 M. E. church, 1 Presbyterian church, 1 M. E. church (colored), 1 African M. E. church (colored). CHAPTER X. PEAIEIE TOWNSHIP. Boundary — Physical Features — Early Settlers — Armstrong — Roanoke — Secret Orders — Moniteau Township — Boundary — Physical Features — Early Settlers — Sebree — Burton Township — Boundary — Physical Features — Burton — Bonne Femme Town- ship . — Boundary — Physical Features — Early Settlers. BOUNDARY. Something more than one third of this township was taken off in 1880, to form Burton township, leaving it as it is now in area,, about fifty square miles. It is bounded on the north by Kandolph county, on the east by Burton township, on the south by .Richmond township, and on the west by Chariton township. PHYSICAL FEATURES. This township unlike any other in the county, included originally a prairie, which constituted about one-fourth of its area. This portion of the same was called Foster's prairie, after Silas Foster, who settled there at an early day. The surface of the township consists of hills and undulations, but the soil is rich and constitutes a fine agricultural region. Bonne Femme creek finds its source in this township, in a number of small confluents which drain the southern part of the same. Cabin creek with other streams, water the township in various directions. EARLY SETTLERS. Prairie township being a little remote from the river, was not settled as early as some other districts of the county. The pioneers were partial to large streams and great forests. They drew much of their sustenance from both, and so long accustomed were they to the sound of the winds passing through the branches of the trees, that sheltered the door-yards of their former homes, that, in the selection of a site for a new location, they did so, with special reference to the convenience of the former and immediate proximity of the latter. Prairie township not presenting to the eye of the early settler, the (236) HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 237 advantages of timber and water to such an extent as he desired, it was not so early and so densely populated as the townships bordering upon the Missouri. The first persons to locate in the township were Silas Inyart, Wm. Harvey, Durlin Wright, Umphrey Bess and John Titus. These took claims about three miles south of the town of Roanoke. Thomas Patterson, father of Rice Patterson, settled the place where Captain Finks now lives, in 1817, where he made small improvements. Pres- ley, William and Frank Holly, came in 1821 ; also, Stephen, John and William Green, and Wesley, Asa and George Thompson. Wil- liam Shores, a Methodist preacher, was an early settler. Benjamin Williams opened a farm about four miles west of Roanoke at an early day. Lott Hackley located in the southern part of the township, and David Crews in the central portion of the same. Richard Lee was an early settler. The following parties settled in the township from 1819 to 1825: Nathaniel Morris, Alfred Williams, Harrison Daly, James Hardin, Love Evans, George Foster, Robert James, Levi Marklaud, Asa O. Thompson, Michael Robb, Jonas Robb, Reuben Anderson, Philip Prather, Patrick Woods, William Padgett, Silas Foster, Leyton Yaucy, William Drinkard, Haman Gregg, Garland Maupin, Charles Denny, James Ramsey, A. Williams, Joseph Foster, Martin Gibson, John Cross, Jackson Thorp, Joseph Rundel, William Maupin, William Green, Wesley Green, John King, James King, Thomas Graves, John Snoddy, Walker Snoddy, David Martin, Will- iam Richardson, David Gross, William Hutson, Stokely Mott, John Fennel, Thomas Simmons, David, James and Irvin Lee, John Page, William Montgomery, Peter Ford, Sr., Asa Kerby, M. Lane, Frank- lin Wood, Garrett Trumble, William Arch and Paddy Woods, David White, John Warford, James Snyder, Lynch Turner, James Denny, John T. Cleveland, John Broadus, James Hackley, Charles Harvey, William James, William McCully and George Jackson. ARMSTRONG. This is a bright, new town, located on the line of the Chicago and Alton railroad, and was laid out in the spring of 1878. It is surrounded by a beautiful and fertile country, about eight miles from Glasgow. The first business house was completed and occupied by P. A. Wooley. Flagg and Prather, began the erection of a build- ing about the same time, but did not get their stock of goods into it 17 238 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. as soon as Wooley. Samuel Prather was the first postmaster. The next building was a hotel, and erected by one, Mileham. The town contains one church edifice, built by different denominatibns as a union church ; three dry goods stores, two groceries, two drug stores, one lumber yard and two blacksmiths. ROANOKE. Eoanoke was originally settled by Virginians, who were great ad- mirers of that eccentric, but talented man, John Randolph, of Roanoke, and named the new town after his elegant country seat — Roanoke. It was laid out in 1834, on the east half of the southeast quarter of sec- tion 10, and west half of the southwest quarter of section 11, town- ship 52, range 16. James Head erected the first house in the town, as a business house (general store) ; he was also the first postmaster. C. K. Evans is the present postmaster. The town contains two churches, one a Missionary Baptist and the other a Union church, two dry good stores, two groceries, two drug stores, one tin shop and stove store, two saddlers, two milliners, two blacksmiths, one furniture store, one excellent public school, and one boarding-house. Roanoke was the place for holding the great central fair for several years after 1866 ; this fair was sustained by Howard, Randolph and Chariton counties. SECRET SOCIETIES. Roanoke Lodge, No. 75, A. F. and A. M. Date of charter May 25, 1854. Charter members — Anthony Walton, W. M. ; J. B. Bradford, S. W. ; Michael H. Snyder, J. W. ; James Nelson, W. N. Nelson, M. D. Ryle, John Chonstant, T. J. Brockman, R. J. Mansfield, W. P. Phelps, William J. Ferguson, P. B. Childs and T. J. Blake. Present officers —J. D. Hicks, W. M. ; C. R. Evans, S. W. (no Jr. Ward) ; Reuben Taylor, treasurer ; J. W. Bag by, secretary ; Yew- ell Lockridge, S. D. ; J. C. Wallace, J. D. ; J. A. Snyder, tyler. Bethel Lodge No. 87, I. O. O. F., was organized July 30, 1855, and worked under a dispensation until May 21, 1856, when the lodge received its charter. The charter members were B. F. Snyder, J. A. Snyder, J. W. Terrill, Martin Green, T. L. Williams, W. L. Upton, and M. H. Snyder ; the first oflicers were B. F. Snyder, N. G. ; J. W. Terrill, V. G. ; W. L. Upton, secretary; M. H. Snyder, treasurer, and T. L. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 239 Williams, warden. The present officers are as follows : A. T. Prewitt, N. G. ; T. Gr. Montgomery, V. G. ; J. S. Peters, secretary ; J. H. Crisler, treasurer ; W. E. Kichardson, warden. MONITEAU TOWNSHIP — BOUNDARY. There have been no changes made in Moniteau township since its reorganization and establishment, in 1821. It is one of the largest municipal divisions in the county, embracing an area of about seventy square miles. It is bounded on the north by Bonne Femme township, on the east by Boone county, on the south by Boone and Cooper counties, and on the west by Franklin and Richmond townships. PHYSICAL FEATURES. This township was once covered with a fine growth of timber. The land away from the river and the larger streams is usually high and rolling. The soil is rich, and many farmers have here builded elegant homes. Water facilities are good. The Moniteau creek, after which the township received its name, traverses the entire length of its territory, while Salt creek waters other portions of the same. Plenty of building stone and coal, the latter but poorly developed, is found. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. The settlement of this township began comparatively early — 1812. At this period Price Arnold located on section 23. He was from Mercer county, Kentucky, and arrived in Franklin township in 1811. Here he remained until the following year, and took a claim where his grandson, Matthew Arnold, Esq., now resides. The same year he was joined by William Head, who came from Washington county, Virginia. In the latter part of that year (1812), these two gentlemen selected a sight and began the erection of Fort Head, named in honor of Mr. Head, named above, who was chosen captain of the little band, formed for the defense of the small colony against the anticipated attacks of the aborigines. It is impossible to give the names of all the settlers at this late date, who sought refuge in the fort. We will, however, give the names of such as we have been en- abled to get, and felicitate ourselves over the fact that we have snatched even these from the sea of forgetf illness, whither they, and all recollections concerning them, are so rapidly tending. Their names :ire Price Arnold, William Head, James Pipes, William Pipes, Joseph Austin, Perrin Cooley, a Methodist minister, Peter Creason, and 240 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Henry Lemons. After the close of hostilities, in 1815, immigration at once set in, and many valuable accessions to the population were made. Gerrard Robinson arrived in 1819 ; Patrick in 1819 ; Waddy T. Curran in 1819 ; George Pipes in 1817 ; Pleasant Pipes in 1818 ; John Gray in 1817 ; Ephraim Thompson in 1817 ; James Hollom in 1817 ; Solomon Barnett and Zaccheus Barnett in 1818 ; Thomas Tipton in 1820 ; and Federal Walker in 1823. These were generally from Ken- tucky, the others from Virginia. In 1819, quite a number of settlers came from Todd county, Kentucky, and made a settlement in the northeastern part of the township, chief among whom were Colonel Benjamin Reeves, afterwards lieutenant-governor of Missouri, William L. Reeves, Benjamin Givens, Edward Davis, Colonel Joseph Davis, Judge Edward Davis, and Colonel Horner. SEBREE. The town of Sebree was laid out on a part of the southeast quarter and part of the northeast quarter of section 18, township 50, range 14. The town was located on the projected line of the Lou- isiana and Mississippi railroad. The road, however, never having been built, the town did not thrive. BURTON TOWNSHIP. BOUNDARY. Burton township was created in 1880. It was taken from Prairie, Richmond and Bonne Femme townships. Its boundary as fixed by the county court, is as follows : Beginning at the Randolph county line between ranges 15 and 16 ; thence south to the line between sections 19 and 30, township 51, range 15 ; thence east one mile ; thence south one mile to the line between townships 50 and 51 ; thence east to the line dividing sections 35 and 36, township 51, range 15 ; thence north to the county line ; thence west with said line to the beginning. It adjoins Randolph county on the north, Bonne Femme township on the east, Richmond township on the south, and Prairie township on the west. PHYSICAL FEATURES. A portion of this township is prairie. The general surface is uneven, but as an agricultural region it is perhaps not surpassed by any other township in the county. The township is watered by the Bonne Femme and Salt Fork creeks. Both limstone and coal are found. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 241 For early settlers, see Prairie, Eichmond and Bonne Femme townships. BURTON. This town is located on the line of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroad, and contained a population in 1880, of 129 ; the population now (1883) is considerably more. The business includes several stores, general assortment, a blacksmith shop, etc. The Patrons of Husbandry have at this point (the only one in the county) a co-operative store. There is a hotel and one church edifice. The railroad company have here a good and sufficient depot. BONNE FEMME TOWNSHIP. BOUNDARY. Bonne Femme township remains as it was originally formed, in 1821, excepting sections 11, 14, 15, 22, 23, have since been taken off, and added to the new township of Burton. Bonne Femme is situ- ated in the northeastern portion of the county, and is bounded on the north by Randolph, on the east by Boone county, on the south by Moniteau township, and on the west by Burton and Prairie townships. PHYSICAL FEATURES. This township, like Howard county generally, is a timbered dis- trict, there being all the varieties known to this latitude. ^The surface is hilly and undulating, and in some portions of the township, the country is broken and the soil is thin. Limestone abounds. The Bonne Femme and Moniteau creeks, which empty into the Missouri river, are fed by numerous small tributaries, which have their source in this township. EARLY SETTLERS. The first settlers of Bonne Femme, like the early settlers of the other townships, have all passed away. Among these, .were Mr. Winn, the father of Judge G. J. Winn ; there was also Henry Myer, whose father lived at Myer's post-office (Bunker Hill), which was named after him. Bunker Hill contains a post office, a blacksmith shop, and store. Myer was prominent in politics, having been a member of the State senate. There were among the prominent old settlers Ellis Walker and Charles Literal. Among others, were James Dougherty, St., Franklin Dougherty, John T. Dougherty, Joel J. Greggsby, Benjamin T. Saunders, M. H. Baily, Thomas Ancill, John Ashbury, John E. Hitt, George W. Potter, Bird New- 242 HISTOfir OF HOWARD and cooper counties. man, James G. Muir, George Kirby, J. H. Blakely, Enyard Moberly, Daniel Palmatory, Daniel Gilvion, Jacob C. Williams, Jackson Harris, William K. Woods, Peter Woods, Silas B. Naylor, Joseph B. Andrews, Wm. Jones, Wm. Arnett and John Fisher. The present population of the township has principally sprung from Kentucky and North Carolina. The people are a moral, industrious class of citizens, and are successful farmers, their principal products being wheat and tobacco, though grass is grown to advantage. The first church in this township, was organized by the Baptists, in 1819, at Myer's. CHAPTER XI. BENCH AND BAE AND CRIMINAL RECORD. Introductory Remarks — Bench and Bar of Old Franklin — Judge David Barton — Judge George Tompkins — Judge Mathias McGirk — Judge Abiel Leonard — A Duel — Judge Leonard and Major Taylor Berry the Participants — Correspondence between Them — Their Trip to Wolf Island — The Duel — Result — Judge David Todd — Charles French, Esq. — Governor Hamilton R. Gamble — Judge John P. Ryland — Bench and Bar of Fayette — Judge James H. Birch — Hon. Joe Davis — Judge James W. Mor- row — Hon. Robert T. Prewitt — Governor Thomas Reynolds — General Robert Wil- son — General John B. Clark, Sr. — Judge Wm. B. Napton — Present Members of the Fayette Bar — Criminal Record — General Ignatius P. Owen — Washington Hill and David Gates — Price Killed Allen Burton — Lucky and Paffarans — Hays Killed Brown — Oliver Perry McGee Killed Thomas P. White — John Chapman Killed — Stephen Bynum Killed Joel Fleming — Murder at a Picnic. Horace Greely once said that the only good use a lawyer could be put to was hanging, and a great many other people entertain the same opinion. There may be cause for condemning the course of certain practitioners of the law, but the same may be said within the ranks of all other professions. Such men should not be criticised as lawyers, doctors, or the like, but rather as individuals who seek through a pro- fession that is quite essential to the welfare of the body politic as the science of medicine is to that of the physical well being, or theology to the perfection of the moral nature, to carry out their nefarious and dishonest designs, which are usually for the rapid accumulation of money, although at times far more evil and sinister purposes, and which are the instincts of naturally depraved and vicious natures. None of the professions stand alone in being thus afflicted. All suffer alike. The most holy and sacred offices have been prostituted to base uses. And it would be quite as unreasonable to hold the entire medical fra- ternity in contempt for the malpractice and quackery of some of its unscrupulous members, or the church, with its thousands of sincere and noble teachers and followers, ill derision for the hypocrisy and deceit of the few, who simply use it as a cloak to conceal the inten- tions of a rotten heart and a corrupt nature, as to saddle upon a pro- fession as great as either, the shortcomings of some of its individual members. (243) 244 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. By a wise ordination of Providence, law and order govern every- thing in the vast and complex system of the universe. Law is every- thing — lawyers nothing. Law would still exist, though every one of its professors and teachers should perish from the face of the earth. And should such a thing occur, and a new race spring up, the first in- structive desire of its best men would be to bring order out of chaos by the enactment and promulgation of wise and beneficial laws. Law in the abstract is as much a component part of our planet as are the elements, earth, air, fire and water. In a concrete sense, as applied to the government of races, nations, and people, it plays almost an equally important part. Indeed, so grand is the science and so noble are the objects sought to be accomplished through it, that it has in- spired some of the best and greatest men of ancient and modern times to an investigation and study of its principles, and in the long line of great names handed down to us from the dim and shadowy portals of the past, quite as many great men will be found enrolled as members of the legal profession as in any of the others, and owe their greatness to a sound knowledge of the principles of law, and a strict and impar- tial application of them. Draco, among the first and greatest of Athenian law-givers, was hailed as the deliverer of those people be- cause of his enacting laws and enforcing them for the prevention of vice and crime, and looking to the protection of the masses from op- pression and lawlessness. It is true that many of the penalties he at- tached to the violation of the law were severe, and even barbarous, but this severity proceeded from an honorable nature, with an earnest desire to improve the condition of his fellow-men. Triptolemus, his contemporary, proclaimed as laws: "Honor your parents, worship the Gods, hurt not animals." Solon, perhaps the wisest and greatest of them all, a man of remarkable purity of life and noble impulses, whose moral character was so great, and conviction as to the public good so strong, that he could and did refuse supreme and despotic power when thrust upon him, and thus replied to the sneers of his friends : — Nor wisdom's plan, nor deep laid policy, Can Solon boast. For, when its noble blessings Heaven poured into his lap, he spurned them from him. Where were his sense and spirit, when enclosed He found the choicest pray, nor deigned to draw it? Who to command fair Athens but one day Would not himself, with all his race, have fallen Contented on the morrow? What is true of one nation or race in this particular is true of all, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 245 viz. : that the wisest and greatest of all law-makers and lawyers have always been pure and good men, perhaps the most notable exceptions being Justinian and Tribonianus. Their great learning and wisdom enabled them to rear as their everlasting monument, the Pandects and Justinian Code, which, however, they sadly defaced by the immoralities and excesses of their private lives. Among the revered and modern nations will be found, conspicuous for their great services to their fel- lows, innumerable lawyers. To the Frenchman the mention of the names of Tronchet, Le Brun, Portalis, Roederer, and Thibaudeau ex- cites a thrill pride for greatness and of gratitute for their goodness. What Englishman, or American either, but that takes just pride in the splendid reputation and character of the long line of England's loyal lawyer sons? The Bacons, father and son, who, with Lord Burleigh, were selected by England's greatest queen to administer the affairs of state, and Somers and Hardwicke, Cowper and Dunning, Elden, Blackstone, Coke, Stowell, and Curran, who, with all the boldness of a giant and eloquence of Demosthenes, struck such vigorous blows against kingly tyranny and oppression ; and Eskine and Mansfield and a score of others. These are the men who form the criterion by which the profes- sion should be judged. And in our own country, have we not names among the dead as sacred and among the living as dear? In the bright pages of the history .of a country, founded for the sole benefit of the people, and all kinds of people, who, more than our lawyers, are re- corded as assistiug in its formation, preservation, and working for its perpetuity ? The American will ever turn with special pride to the great Webster, Rufus Choate, William Wirt, Taney, Marshall, and a hun- dred others, who reflected the greatest honor upon the profession in our own country. And among the truest and best sons of Missouri are her lawyers, and even in the good county of old Howard, some of her most highly esteemed and most responsible citizens are members of this noble profession. BENCH AND BAR OF (OLD) FRANKLIN. Franklin was especially noted for its corps of able and profound lawyers, many of whom afterwards attained state and national repu- tations. Below, will be found brief, biographical sketches of the earliest and most prominent members of the Franklin bar beginning with — 246 HISTORT OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. JUDGE DAVID BARTON. He was a native of Greene county, Tennessee ; of poor, but re- spectable parents. Settled in St. Louis, before Missouri was admitted into the Union. He was the first United States senator elected from Missouri. Col. Thomas H. Benton was his colleague. He was the presiding officer of the constitutional convention of the state in 1820. Served in the state senate from 1834 to 1835. He was the first circuit judge, that presided over a Howard county court — in 1816 — residing at Franklin. Although deficient in his early education, he possessed a good command of language and was an eloquent, sarcastic and witty speaker. He died near Boonville, Cooper county, in September, 1837, and left no family. JUDGE GEORGE TOMPKINS. Was born in Carolina county, Virginia, in March, 1780. Came to St. Louis, about the year 1803, and taught school and read law at the same time. He located in Old Franklin about the year 1817. He was a member of the legislature (territorial) when that body sat at St. Charles. In 1824, he was appointed judge of the supreme court of Missouri. He died at Jefferson City in 1846. That he was a fine jurist and a man of spotless integrity, admits of no doubt. Like Judge Barton, he left no family. JUDGE MATHIAS M'GIRK. This popular and able jurist, was one of the first three judges appointed to the supreme bench of Missouri, in 1820. He was a native of Tennessee. Was born in 1790. Came to St. Louis when quite young ; moved to Montgomery county, and afterwards settled in Franklin. He remained on the bench until 1841. His opinions will be found in the first six volumes of Missouri reports. He was a member of the territorial legislature and was the author of the bill to introduce the common law into Missouri. JUDGE ABIEL LEONARD. This eminent lawyer, was born in Windsor, Vermont, May 16, 1797. In 1819, at the age of 21 years, he came to St. Louis, descend- ing the Ohio river in a skiff from Pittsburgh. Remained in St. Louis but a few days and then started on foot for Franklin, which he reached after recovering from a spell of sickness, which he had at St. Charles. He, however, after teaching a six months' school in the vicinity of Franklin, located first at Boonville, where he remained two years and then returned to Franklin. In 1834, he was elected to the legislature ; HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 247 revised the laws of the state in 1834-5, and was appointed a judge of the supreme court upon the resignation of Gov. Gamble. As a jurist, he had no superior in the state. Judge Leonard moved to Fayette in 1824. A DUEL. Having given above a brief biographical sketch of Judge Leonard, we deem it proper, in this connection, to mention the duel he had with Major Taylor Berry, and reproduce the correspondence that passed between the two gentlemen, prior to their meeting, which terminated so fatally to one of the participants. Major Berry, at the time of the difficulty, was residing in the town of Old Franklin. He was a Kentuckian by birth, high strung and quick to resent an insult, whether offered to himself or to his friend. In June, 1824, a law suit occurred in the town of Fayette, in which Judge Leonard and Major Berry were interested as attorneys. Leonard had cross-examined a witness in court — a witness who had testified in the interest of Major Berry — and had done it in such a manner as to greatly offend both the witness and Berry. After court had adjourned for noon, the witness threatened to make a personal assault on Leonard in the street, should he meet him. Berry hearing of what the witness had said in reference to assaulting Leonard, told him to never mind, let him attend to Leonard. It was noticed that Berry held in his hand, a black, horse whip, and after Leonard had repaired to his boarding-house, and eaten his dinner, he was met by Berry, in front of the hotel, who struck him several times with the whip. Berry being a much stronger man physically than Leonard, the latter being unarmed too, could make but slight resistance. The insult thus offered, and the manner in which it was done, so outraged the feelings of Judge Leonard, as a man and citizen, that he at once determined to send Berry a challenge which he accordingly did. The following is the correspondence which took place between the parties : — [Leonard to Berry.'] Franklin, June 26, 1824. Sir : I demand a personal interview with you. My friend, Mr. Boggs, will make the necessary arrangements on my part. Yours, etc., A. Leonard. Major Berry. To which Major Berry replied as follows : — Franklin, Mo., June 28, 1824. Sir: Your note of the 26th has been received. Without 248 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. urging the objections which I might have to the note itself, or to the demand it contains, I shall answer it, to redeem a promise which I made at Fayette (in passion) that I would give you the demanded interview. My business, which embraces many duties to others, will require my personal attention until after the first of September next, after which time, any further delay will be asked from you only. To make any arrangements, Maj. A. L. Langham will attend on my part. Yours, etc., Taylor Berry. Shortly before the meeting took place between Judge Leonard and Major Berry, Leonard was arrested by direction of Judge Todd, and required to give bond in the sum of $5,000 to keep the peace. He said to the judge, " Name the amount of the bond, for I am de- termined to keep my appointment with Major Berry." Near the close of August, the parties, with their seconds and surgeons, proceeded down the river, having previously entered into — through their sec- onds — the following stipulation, to meet at some point near New Madrid on the Mississippi river, in the southern part of the state : — We, Thomas J. Boggs and Angus L. Langham, appointed by Abiel Leonard and Taylor Berry to act in the capacity of their friends in a personal interview they are to have, and to agree upon the terms by which the said parties shall be governed in the combat, do agree, the said Thomas J. Boggs for and on behalf of Abiel Leonard, and the said Angus L. Langham for and on behalf of Taylor Berry, to the terms and regulations following, to-wit : The place of meeting shall be at some point, either in Kentucky, Tennessee or Arkansas, which shall be most convenient to the town of New Madrid — the particulars to be determined by the seconds, who, for that purpose, as well as for the making of any other necessary arrangement, shall meet in the town of New Madrid on the third day previous to the time specified in this instrument for the personal meeting of the parties, at ten o'clock, a. m. The time for the personal meeting of the par- ties is fixed on the first day of September next, at ten o'clock in the morning. The arms to be used by the parties shall be pistols, each party choosing his own, without any restriction as to the kind, except that rifle pistols are prohibited. The distance shall be ten paces of three feet each. The position of the parties shall be side to side, so as to fire without wheeling. When the parties have taken their po- sitions, the question " Are you ready? " shall be asked, to which the answer shall be " Yes. " If either party answer negatively, or in other terms, the question shall be repeated. When both parties an- swer " Yes, " the word " Fire " is to be given ; upon which the par- ties shall fire within the time of counting eight, which shall be slowly and audibly done. As soon as the person counting finishes, he shall order " Stop, " which shall .be the word of cessation for that fire. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 249 The choice of positions shall be determined by lot, as well as the giv- ing the word. The counting shall be done by the second who loses the word. If the pistol of either party shall snap or flash, it shall be considered a fire. If a shade cannot be obtained, the parties shall stand on a line across the sun. A. L. Langham, T. J. Boggs. Franklin, July 1, 1824. The time for the meeting of the parties is changed to four o'clock, p. m. The dress, an ordinary three-quartered coat. T. J. Boggs, A. L. Langham. Point Pleasant, Aug. 31, 1824. On their way to New Madrid, Judge Leonard and his second stopped over night at St. Louis, and while at the hotel, some of the police, who had, in some unknown way, heard of what was going on, went to the hotel to arrest Judge Leonard, but was frustrated by the ingenuity of Mr. Boggs. As they entered the room they asked for the judge, when Mr. Boggs rose and said, " That is my name. " They at once arrested him, which gave Leonard a chance to escape. Finding they had the wrong man, Mr. Boggs was released and proceeded on his way to New Madrid, where he arrived in good time. The place selected was Wolf Island, which is located in the lower Mississippi river, about thirty miles below Cairo, Illinois. The writer hereof, visited the island in 1860, and can testify to the fact that no more fitting spot for such a meeting could have been found in all the coun- try. Here on this island, isolated from the main shore, with only their seconds and surgeons present, and beneath the shadows of an almost impenetrable forest, they fought a bloody duel — one of the actors therein trying to vindicate his insulted honor, and the other fighting to redeem a promise " made in passion. " Berry fell at the first fire, shot through the breast, and would have finally recovered from the wound, which was not considered mortal, had it not been for taking cold. He had nearly recovered and was preparing to return home, when he contracted a cold and died at New Madrid. Dr. J. J. Lowery was Major Berry's surgeon, and Dr. Dawson, of New Madrid, was Judge Leonard's. JUDGE DAVID TODD. Few of the early judges of Missouri were better known than David Todd. He was a native of Kentucky, where he was born about the year 1790, in Fayette county. He came to Missouri at an early 250 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. day, and located in Old Franklin. He was appointed judge of the Howard circuit. He was an impartial, conscientious and upright judo-e. He died in Columbia, Boone county, in 1859. CHARLES FRENCH, ESQ. Like Judge Leonard, the subject of our sketch was born in New England, — Hillsboro' county, New Hampshire, — about the year 1797. Soon after he attained his majority, he emigrated west and settled in Old Franklin, where he remained in the practice of law until 1839, when he settled in Lexington, Missouri. As a lawyer, his style was clear and strong. He was offered the judgeship of his circuit, but declined. In a fit of mental derangement, while visiting a friend near Lexington, Missouri, he cut his throat and terminated his life. GOV. HAMILTON R. GAMBLE. The subject of this sketch was a native of Winchester county, Virginia, where he was born November 29, 1798 ; came to St. Louis in 1818, and soon after removed to Old Franklin. He was appointed prosecuting attorney just after his arrival at Franklin. In 1824, he was appointed secretary of state by Gov. Bates. He then removed to St. Louis. In 1846, he represented Franklin county in the legisla- ture. In 1851, he became a judge of the supreme court — presiding justice. In February, 1861, he was made governor of Missouri. He filled every position to which he was called with marked ability, and died in 1864. JUDGE JOHN F. RYLAND. King and Queen county, Virginia, was the birthplace of Judge Eyland, that event occurring in November, 1797. He settled in Old Franklin in 1819 and practised law until 1830, when he was appointed judge of the sixth judicial circuit. In 1848, he was appointed judge of the supreme court. He died in 1873. He was one of God's noblemen, and bore the judicial robe with a dignity suited to the high and responsible position — neither strained nor assumed, but easy, natural and commanding. BENCH AND BAR OF FAYETTE. Having given short sketches of the bench and bar of Old Franklin, we will now refer briefly to the early bench and bar of HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 251 Fayette, which became the county seat of Howard county in 1824 : — JUDGE JAMES H. BIRCH ' came to Fayette, Howard county, Missouri, in 1827, and established the Western Monitor. He was formerly from Montgomery county, Virginia, where he was born in 1804. He was clerk of the lower house of the General Assembly in 1828-9 ; afterwards secretary of the senate and a member of the state senate. In 1843, he was ap- pointed register of the land office ; in 1849, he was appointed judge of the supreme court of the state. He was a member of the consti- tutional convention in 1861. He died in Clinton county, near, Plattsburg, in 1878. HON. JOE DAVIS. He was born in Christian county, Kentucky, in January, 1804, and came with his parents to Missouri in 1818 and settled near Fayette. He was a clerk in the land office at Franklin, pursued the study of his profession part of the time with Gen. John Wil- son and the remainder with Edward Bates, of, St. Louis. He first opened an office in Old Franklin, but afterwards removed to Fayette. He was one of the commissioners to lay out a road from Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico. He was made colonel of a regiment in the Indian war, and commanded a brigade in the Mormon diffi- culties. He served in the legislature from 1844 to 1864. He died in October, 1871. JUDGE JAMES W. MORROW. Like a vast majority of the early settlers of Howard county, Judge Morrow came from Kentucky (Bath county), where he was born in 1810. He settled in Fayette in 1836, and was soon after appointed judge of the Cole circuit, which position he held till his death . He made a good judge, and gave general satisfaction. HON. ROBERT T. PRE WITT. The subject of this sketch was a native of Bourbon county, Kentucky, and was born in August, 1818. His father emigrated to Howard county in 1824, and Kobert, after getting his license, entered upon the practice of the law about 1845, at Fayette. In 1852, he was appointed circuit attorney of the second judicial dis- trict. He became a member of the constitutional convention in 252 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1863. He was a man of noble impulses and of the highest integ- rity. He died in 1873. GOV. THOMAS REYNOLDS was also a Kentuckian, and was born in Bracken county in 1796. He came to Illinois in early life, and filled the several offices of clerk of the house of representatives, speaker of the house, attorney- general, and judge of the supreme court. In 1829, he moved to Fayette, Missouri, and was soon elected a member of the legislature and then appointed a circuit judge. In 1840, he was elected gov- ernor of Missouri. In 1844, he died the death of a suicide from a gun-shot wound, inflicted by his own hands. His mind was as clear as a bell, and his power of analysis very great. GEN. ROBERT WILSON. In November, 1796, near Staunton, Augusta county, Virginia, General Robert Wilson was born. In the spring of 1820 he located at Old Franklin. After the removal of the county seat of Howard county to Fayette he located there. He was appointed probate judge in 1823, of Howard county. About 1828, he was appointed clerk of the circuit and county courts of Randolph county. Was appointed brigadier-general of militia in 1838. He was a member of the legis- lature in 1844-45, and soon after of the state senate. Was a mem- ber of the constitutional convention in 1861, and a member of the United States senate in 1862. He died in 1877, in California. GENERAL JOHN B. CLARK, SR. Among the many distinguished professional men who came to Howard county at an early day was General John B. Clark, Sr., who still survives at his home in Fayette, at the advanced age of eighty years. He was born in Madison county, Kentucky, in 1802, and came with his father's family to Howard in 1818. He was appointed clerk of the county court in 1823 ; elected captain of militia in 1823, colo- nel in 1825 ; participated in the Indian war in 1829 ; in the Black- hawk war in 1832 ; twice wounded ; elected brigadier-general of militia in 1830, major-general in 1836. In 1849, he was elected to the legislature, and in 1854 elected to congress, whither he went for three successive terms. Became brigadier-general in the Confederate army in the war of 1861 ; was a member of the Confederate states HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 2b'-> congress and senate. The general, even now (1883), possesses a strong mind and a vigorous memory, and were it not for the fact that he is almost blind from disease of the eyes, he would be a remarkably active man, notwithstanding his great age. During many years of his eventful life he was one of the most prominent whig politicians of Missouri, and made, in behalf of his party, some of the ablest and most aggressive campaigns that were ever made in the state. He has affiliated with the Democratic party since 1854. As a lawyer General Clark was very successful and was always strong before a jury. JUDGE WM. B. NAPTON. Among the prominent men of Fayette was Judge Wm. B. Napton. He was a native of New Jersey, where he was born about the year 1810. Came to Fayette in 1833, and began the publication of the Boone's Lick Democrat. He was soon afterwards appointed attorney-general of the state, and about the year 1840, was appointed a judge of the supreme court. Judge Napton was a modest, unob- trusive man, but made one of the best judges of the supreme court the state has had. He died in 1882. PRESENT MEMBERS OF THE BAR. J. H. Robertson, A. J. Herndon, John B. Clark, Jr., John C. Herndon, Samuel C. Major, W. C. Arline, Leland Wright, Robert C. Clark. John J. Hawkins, resides at Glasgow. John V. Turner, resides at Glasgow. Thomas Shackelford, resides at Glasgow. R. B. Caples, resides at Glasgow. CRIMINAL RECORD. Considering the fact that Howard county has been organized for the period of sixty-seven years, one would naturally suppose that the number of crimes committed within its borders would be large, especially during the first thirty years of its existence ; but such is not the case. Upon the contrary crimes have been fewer in number than in almost any other county in the state, in proportion to the popula- tion and the age of the county. GENERAL IGNATIUS P. OWEN. The first important criminal case that was tried at Fayette, was 18 ~2J± HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. entitled the "State of Missouri against Joseph Davis," who killed General Ignatius P. Owen in the fall of 1835. Davis was a lawyer of some eminence, and afterwards filled several important official positions in Howard county. General Owen had commanded the militia in the early history of the county, and had been honored with the title of brigadier general. At the time he was killed, he was the proprietor of a hotel which stood upon the corner now occupied by the business house, of Boughner, Tolson & Smith. Davis had a law office on the same side of the street, south- east of the hotel, which was located where the millinery store of Mrs. Jasper is now situated. Owen and Davis had quarreled, and each entertained for the other very bitter feelings ; the former had been especially violent and denunciatory. Davis (known as Colonel Joe Davis) was sitting in his ofEce, as already stated, in the fall of 1835. It was nearly noon. General Owen came to the door of the office and spoke in threatening language to the colenel, intimating that he would take his life when he attempted to leave his office. Colonel Davis told the general, in a quiet way, that if he did not leave, he would kill him. Owen, how- ever, remained, continuing to abuse Davis, until the latter was ready to go to his dinner. Davis having, in the meantime, had his gun (a rifle) brought to him, raised it, and took deliberate aim at Owen, killing him almost instantly. Owen, physically, was a much larger man than Davis. The latter was acquitted. Davis was said to have been one of the finest shots in the country, and so skilled was he, in the use of his rifle, that he could as often drive the centre at sixty paces as the most sturdy and experienced hunter. WASHINGTON HILL AND DAVID GATES. The above named persons, were slaves, the former being the property of Judge C. C. P. Hill, and the latter, the property of Daniel Gates. In the spring of 1837, there lived a family of three blind brothers, within a few miles of Fayette. They earned their living by making chairs, which were prized more on account of their durability, than for their neatness of style and construction. These men were the owners of real estate, and sold a piece of land, from which they had realized a small sum of money. The day after the sale, the negroes went to their house, for the purpose of getting the money, and in their efforts to accomplish their hellish design, they killed one of the brothers. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 255 For this they were arrested and tried at the June term of the court in 1837, found guilty and condemned to be hung, and were ac- cordingly executed, being the first persons ever hung in pursuance of a sentence of law in Howard county. The place of the execution, was a pasture north of Fayette, which was then the property of Gray Bynum. Here stood a large oak tree, from one of the limbs of which, they were suspended, thus paying the penalty for their crime. PRICE KILLED ALLEN BURTON. John R. Price was the brother of General Sterling Price ; he resided in Fayette and had been keeping hotel for several years at the period we mention (1838), and was at that time operating a hotel at the east corner ef the public square. Price was generally respected as a quiet, law-abiding citizen, and being a lame man, he never engaged in personal encounters. Allen Burton was an offensive braggart, and when drinking, an overbearing, violent and abusive man. Burton went to Price's house one evening, about supper time, and began to curse and upbraid him in an outrageous manner. Price told him not to attempt to enter his house. Burton, however, disregarded any and all warnings, started in, when Price shot and killed him. The sympathy of the people was all on the side of Price. He was arrested, tried and acquitted, and when the verdict of " not guilty," was an- nounced in the court-room, there was the wildest excitement among the large number of interested spectators, who had been present dur- ing the progress of the trial. The demonstrations of rejoicing were so great and continued, that the judge threatened to send the parties making the disturbance to jail. LUCKY KILLED SAFFARANS. In the spring of. 1858, Enoch Lucky killed Rufus Saffarans. Lucky was a man well advanced in years, but strong and active for one of his age. Saffarans was young and stalwart, and physi- cally was said to be the equal of any man in the county. Both men frequented saloons when in Fayette, and had had one or two altercations when discussing their strength of limb and achieve- ments as " fighters." On the day of the tragedy they had been drinking, and met in a saloon, when Saffarans took a walking caue from Lucky and beat him over the head and body, bruising him badly. On the night succeeding that day, Lucky prepared himself with a shot-gun, and took his position on the west side of the public square, secreting himself in a narrow alley between two houses, about midway 256 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. the block, where he remained until near midnight waiting and watch- ing for Saffarans, who passed that way in going to and returning from the saloon, which was at that time located in the rear of Bell's present (1883) grocery store. The unfortunate victim, not knowing the terrible fate that was awaiting him, finally passed in front of the concealed man, who hailed him and told him that he was going to kill him, and at the same moment discharged his weapon, killing Saffarans upon the spot. The trial of this case elicited great interest. Lucky was confined in jail, where he remained for about a year before his trial took place, which was conducted in the Christian church edifice (the present court- house being then in process of erection). The prisoner was finally acquitted. John F. Williams, prosecuting attorney, conducted the case in behalf of the state. Colonel Joe Davis, Robert T. Prewitt, John B. Clark, Jr., and A. J. Herndon appeared for defendant. HAYS KILLED BROWN. Ethelred J. Hays lived near the Chariton county line (Missouri), and was a farmer. John W. Brown was a book-peddler and mer- chant, residing in Glasgow, Howard county. In the year 1854, Hays had business relations with Brown, and asked him to change for him a fifty dollar bill. Hays was drinking at the time (he was in the habit of taking an occasional spree), but was considered a very honest man. He charged Brown with having stolen his fifty dollars. Brown sued him for slander, and with the consent of the defendant and his attorneys, Brown was permitted to get a judgment for costs. Hays was a malicious, revengful man, and being in front of Brown's store afterwards, he took out his knife, remarking at the time, " that he had sharpened it to kill Brown with." He went into the store immediately from the pavement, and struck Brown on the head with a spade, which he got in the store, cleaving his skull, which caused instant death. Hays was taken to Randolph county on a change of venue, where he was tried and sentenced to be hung. General Sterling Price was governor of the state at the time, and commuted his sentence to imprisonment for life. After he had served a few years in the peni- tentiary, Governor Robert M. Stewart pardoned him. OLIVER PERRY M'GEE KILLED THOS. J. WHITE. This was a case brought from Macon county on a change of venue, and was tried in 1852, at Fayette. Charles H.Hardin pros- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 257 ecuted, and Clark & Gilstrap defended. After an interesting trial the prisoner was cleared. JOHN CHAPMAN. This was also a case transferred from Boone county, in 1858. Chapman was indicted for killing , while he was plow- ing in his field. John F. Williams prosecuted, and James S. Eollins, Odon Guitar and A. J. Herndon defended. Chapman was hung. L. A. WILLOUGHBY SHOOTS AND KILLS R. L. COM8TOCK. On Saturday, the 15th day of August, 1878, at a barbecue twelve miles east of Fayette, L. A. Willoughby shot and killed R. L. Comstock, a prominent and worthy citizen of the county. Comstock, and his friend, a Mr. Davis, were conversing, when Willoughby walked up to where they were. Davis put his hand in a friendly way on Willoughby' s shoulder. Just as he did so Wil- loughby drew back and asked Davis if he meant to collar him. Davis told him that he only put his hand on his shoulder supposing he was his friend. While this conversation was going on between Davis and Willoughby, Comstock very innocently put his hand in his pocket; as soon as Willoughby, who, it is said, was under the influ- ence of liquor, saw Comstock's hand in his pocket, said " What do you mean by fingering your pocket?" Comstock answered coolly, that he did not think it was any of his business. Willoughby drew his pistol and said : "I will show you whether it is or not," at the same time firins on him. The ball took effect in the abdomen of Comstock, who lived long enough to say, " I'm shot." Willoughby was afterwards captured and taken to Fayette, but the murdered man's friends became so indignant that it was not thought prudent to confine Willoughby in Howard county ; he was, therefore, taken to Cooper county and incarcerated. After being tried three times (hav- ing been sentenced to the penitentiary at one time ten years), he was finally cleared. CHAPTER XII. THE PRESS. Introductory Eemarks of a Historical Character — Missouri Intelligencer — Western Monitor — Missourian — Boone's Lick Times — Boone's Lick Democrat — Demo- cratic Banner — Howard County Banner — Howard County Advertiser — Plough- man — Independent — The Pilot — The Banner — Glasgow Times — Glasgow News — The Glasgow Journal — Central Missourian — Armstrong Autograph. The press, the great luminary of liberty, is the handmaid of progress. It heralds its doings and makes known its discoveries. It is its advance courier, whose coming is eagerly looked for and whose arrival is hailed with joy, as it brings tidings of its latest achieve- ments. The press prepares the way and calls mankind to witness the approaching procession of the triumphal car of progress as it passes on down through the vale of the future. When the car of progress stops, the press will cease, and the intellectual and mental world will go down in darkness. The press is progress, and progress the press. So intimately are they related and their interests interwoven, that one cannot exist without the other. Progress made no advancement against the strong tides of ignorance and vice in the barbaric past until it called to its aid the press. In it is found its greatest discovery, its most valuable aid, and the true philosopher's stone. The history of this great industry dates back to the fifteenth cen- tury. Its discovery and subsequent utility resulted from the follow- ing causes and in the following manner : Laurentius Coster, a native of Haerlem, Holland, while rambling through the forest contiguous to his native city, carved some letters on the bark of a birch tree. Drowsy from the relaxation of a holiday, he wrapped his carvings in a piece of paper and lay down to sleep. While men sleep progress moves, and Coster awoke to discover a phenomenon, to him simple, strange and suggestive. Dampened by the atmospheric moisture, the paper wrapped about his handiwork had taken an impression from them, and the surprised burgher saw on the paper an inverted image of what he had engraved on the bark. The phenomenon was suggestive, because it led to experiments that resulted in establishing a printing office, the first of its kind in the old Dutch town. In this office John Guten- (258) HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES . 259 burg served a faithful and appreciative apprenticeship, and from it, at the death of his master, absconded during a Christmas festival, taking with him a considerable portion of the type and apparatus. Guten- burg settled in Mentz, where he won the friendship and partnership of John Faust, a man of sufficient means to place the enterprise on a se- cure financial basis. Several years later the partnership was dissolved because of a misunderstanding. Gutenburg then formed a partner- ship with a younger brother, who had set up an office at Strasburg, but had not been successful, and becoming involved in law suits, had fled from that city to join his brother at Mentz. These brothers were the first to use metal types. Faust, after his dissolution with Guten- burg, took into partnership Peter Schoeffer, his servant, and a most ingenious printer. Schoeffer privately cut matrices for the whole al- phabet. Faust was so pleased that he gave Schoeffer his only daughter in marriage. These are the great names in the early history of print- ing, and each is worthy of special honor. Coster's discovery of wood blocks or plates, on which the page to be printed were engraved, was made some time between 1440 and 1450, and Schoeffer's improvement — casting the type by means of matrices — was made about 1456. For a long time printing was de- pendent upon most clumsy apparatus. The earliest press had a con- trivance for running the forms under the point of pressure by means of a screw. When the pressure was applied the screw was loosened, the form withdrawn and the sheet removed. Improvements were made upon these crude beginnings from time to time, until the hand press now in use is a model of simplicity, durability and execution. In 1814, steam was first supplied to cylinder presses by Frederick Konig, a Saxon genius, and the subsequent progress of steam print- ing has been so remarkable as to almost justify a belief in its absolute perfection. Indeed, to appreciate the improvement in presses alone, one ought to be privileged to stand a while by the pressman who op- erated the clumsy machine of Gutenberg, and theu he should step into one of the well-appointed modern printing offices of our larger cities, where he could notice the roll of dampened paper entering the great power presses, a continuous sheet, and issuing therefrom as newspapers, ready for the carrier or express. The Komans, in the times of the emperors, had periodicals, notices of passing events, compiled and distributed. These daily events were the newspapers of that age. In 1536, the first newspaper of modern times was issued at Venice, but governmental bigotry compelled its circulation in manu- script form. o 260 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. In 1663, the Public Intelligencer was published in London, and is credited with being the first English paper to attempt the dissemi- nation of general information. The first American newspaper was the Boston News-Letter, whose first issue was made April 24, 1704. It was a half-sheet, twelve inches by eight, with two columns to the page. John Campbell, the postmaster, was the publisher. The Boston Gazette made its first appearance December 21, 1719, and the American Weekly, at Philadelphia, December 22, 1719. In 1776, the number of newspapers published in the colonies was "thirty-seven ; in 1828, the number had increased to eight hundred and fifty-two, and at the present time not less than eight thousand newspapers are sup- ported by our people. Journalism, by which is meant the compiling of passing public events, for the purpose of making them more gen- erally known and instructive, has become a powerful educator. Ex- perience has been its only school for special training, its only text for s.tudy, its only test for theory. It is scarcely a profession, but is advancing rapidly toward that dignity. A distinct department of lit- erature has been assigned to it. Great editors are writing autobiosxa- phies and formulating their methods and opinions ; historians are rescuing from oblivion the every-day life of deceased journalists ; re- priuts of interviews with famous journalists, touching the different phases of their profession, are deemed worthy of publication in book form. Leading universities have contemplated the inauguration of courses of study specially designed to fit men and women for the du- ties of the newspaper sanctum. These innovations are not untimely, since no other class of men are so powerful for good or ill as editors. More than any other class they form public opinion while expressing it, for most men but echo the sentiments of favorite journalists. Even statesmen, ministers and learned professors not unfrequently get their best thoughts and ideas from the papers they read. NEWSPAPER AT (OLD) FRANKLIN. On the 23d of April, 1819, Nathaniel Patton, and Benjamin Holli- day, commenced the publication of the Missouri Intelligencer in (Old) Franklin. The size of the sheet was 18x24 inches, and was printed on what is known to the printers as the Eamage press, a wooden con- trivance, with cast-iron bed, joints and platten, and which at this day, is a great curiosity. About the year 1858, Col. Wm. F Switzler, of Columbia, Mo., presented this press to the Mercantile Library Associ- ation of St. Louis. From April 23d, 1819, to June 10, 1820, Na- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. , 261 thaniel Patton and Benjamin Holliday were the publishers. (Mrs. E. W. McClannahan, who now resides near Columbia, Missouri, is a daughter of Mr. Holliday.) June 10, 1820, Mr. Patton retired as publisher, leaving Mr. Hol- liday in charge, who continued till July 23, 1821, when John Payne, a lawyer, became the editor. He was a native of Culpeper county, Virginia, and died in Franklin, September 15, 1821, aged twenty-four years. September 4, 1821, Mr. Payne retired and Mr. Holliday again as- sumed control. From August 5, 1822, to April 17, 1824, Nathaniel Patton and John T. Cleveland were the publishers. Mr. Cleveland died some years ago at Austin, Texas. April 17, 1824, Mr. Cleveland retired, leaving Mr. Patton sole publisher, which position he continued to hold until the sale of the paper by him to Mr. Fred A. Hamilton, December 12, 1835. The last issue of the Intelligencer at Franklin, June 16, 1826. The paper was then moved to Fayette, the first paper appearing June 29, 1826. July 5, 1827, John Wilson, then a young lawyer in Fayette, was announced as editor, which position he held till July 25, 1828. Mr. Wilson died in San Francisco, California, February 2, 1877, aged eighty-seven years. April 9, 1830, last issue of the Intelligencer at Fayette. May 4, 1830, first issue of the Intelligencer at Columbia, Mis- souri. December 5, 1835, last issue of the Intelligencer at Columbia. Near the close of the year 1835, it became known that Mr. Pat- ton, owing to failing health, intended to dispose of the Intelligencer office, and as the presidential and state elections of the following year were approaching, the possession of the paper became an object of interest to the politicians and the people. Both parties wanted it, and the Democrats under the leadership of Austin A. King, then a lawyer resident of Columbia, Dr. William H. Duncan, Dr. Alexander M. Robinson and others of Columbia, made some efforts to secure the office. While negotiations to this end were pending, Robert S. Barr, Oliver Parker, William Cornelius, Warren Woodson, Moses IT. Payne, A. W. Turner, Joseph B. Howardj John B. Gordon, Sinclair Kirtley, David and Roger N. Todd, Dr. William Jewell, James S. Rollins, Thomas Miller and possibly other whigs, raised the money and pur- chased the press and the materials, with the understanding that Fred- 262 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. erick A. Hamilton, a practical printer, should take charge of the pub- lication, andKollins and Miller, then two young lawyers of Columbia, the editorial conduct of the paper, the name of which was changed to Patriot, December 12, 1835. The Intelligencer was the first newspaper published west of St. Louis. The next paper published in Howard county was the Western Monitor. This was commenced in Fayette in August, 1827, by "Weston F. Birch, who continued it until about 1837, when he retired, and was succeeded by his brother, Colonel James H. Birch, who changed the name of the paper to the Missourian. After running the Missourian for about three years, he disposed of it to Clark H. Green, who changed the name to the Boone's Lick Times. The Monitor, the Missourian, and the Boone's Lick Times,were all whig papers.the Times being the last whig paper that was published in Fayette. Almost sim- ultaneously with the Times, was established the Boone's Lick Demo- crat, which was edited by Judge William Napton, and afterwards by Judo-e William A. Hall, who ran it until about 1844. The Times was finally taken to Glasgow, where it was published until about the year 1861. The Democratic Banner was published in 1868, by J. H. Robert- son, who remained editor and publisher till 1872, at which time he disposed of his interest to Connedy & Kingsbury. The press was sold for debt in 1875, when the paper was discontinued. The Howard County Banner was moved from Glasgow, Missouri, in 1853, by R. C. Hancock, who purchased the office from W. B. Twombly. It was published by Leland Wright a short time after- wards ; then again by R. C. Hancock. In 1858, Hancock sold to Randall & Jackson, who continued the publication of the paper until the breaking out of the civil war, when the publishers entered the Confederate army. During their absence the office was seized and sold, and passed into the hands of I. N. Houck, who changed the name of the paper to the Howard County Advertiser. Houck & Jackson purchased the paper from Randall. Randall sold out to Houck in 1861 and entered the southern army. Mr. Houck contin- ued to publish the paper until the summer of 1864, when he went to Illinois, where he remained until April, 1865. In June of that year, he returned to Fayette, where he soon thereafter resumed the publi- cation of the Advertiser. In 186.8, he sold a half interest to General John B. Clark, Jr., and the paper was published under the firm name of Houck & Clark for about ten months, when Houck sold his inter- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 263 est to Clark. In 1871, Houck again purchased the Advertiser, which was continued until December, 1872, when it was sold, and became the property of its present owner, Charles J. Walden. On the 13th of July, 1882, the entire office was consumed by fire, nothing being saved except the files for the past five years and the subscription book. The paper appeared regularly, however, without missing an issue. It was printed at the Boonville Advertiser office until new material and machinery could be bought and put in. In the spring of 1874, Houck & Frederick started a paper in the interest of the Patrons of Husbandry called the Ploughman. It was printed a short time, when Houck purchased the interest of Frederick and continued the publication seven months, when he sold the paper. In September, 1879, Houck & Butler commenced the publica- tion of the Fayette, Missouri, Independent, which was run a year under the firm name of Houck & Butler, when the latter sold his interest to Houck, who published it until July 13, 1882, when it was- destroyed by fire. Mr. Houck, however, nothing daunted, recommenced the publication of the Independent the following September. Hardly had the town started on its way in the race to commer- cial prosperity before the printing press was put in motion. The first newspaper was the Pilot, and published by J. T. Ques- enbury prior to the year 1840. This paper was afterwards published by different parties, among whom were Dr. John H. Blue and James A. DeCourcy. The Banner, T. W. Twombly, editor, was among the first papers. The Glasgow Times was run by Clark H. Green for a number of years, and until 1861. The Glasgow JVews was published by Walter B. Foster. The Glasgow Journal was established in 1868 by General Lucien J. Eastin, who, with his sons, continued the publication of the same until 1881, when Colonel H. W. Cockerill purchased the paper, and has since run it. The Central Missourian began its existence in 1879, the first number being issued July 31, by Yeaman & Bowen, who were suc- ceeded byBowen &Ruffel, who are the present (1883) proprietors. The Armstrong Autograph, published at Armstrong, Prairie township, was started in January, 1883, by Dentith & Ferlet. CHAPTER XIII. MEXICAN WAE — CALIFORNIA EMIGRANTS OF 1849-50 — THE WAR OF 1861. Howard County upon the Eve of the Civil War — Union Meeting at Fayette — Ladies' Union Meeting at Fayette — Eloquent Address by Miss Jane Lewis — Howard County during the War — Confederate Soldiers, Officers and Privates — Howard County Militia — Col- ored Recruits — Sale of Slaves — Colored Recruits from Howard County — Attack on Fayette — Affair near New Franklin — Cason's Attack on Two Steamboats — An Act of Brutality — Capture of General Thos. J. Bartholow — Battle at Glasgow — Incidents of the Battle — Quantrell — Robberv — Mass Meeting after the War — Unconditional Union Convention — Result of the Election. MEXICAN WAR. We have elsewhere stated in this work, that the Mexican war began in May, 1846, and that during the middle of that month, Gov- ernor Edwards, of Missouri, called for volunteers to join the "Army of the "West " — in an expedition to Santa Fe. The full complement of companies to compose the first regiment was raised from Jackson, Lafayette, Clay, Saline, Franklin, Cole, Howard and Callaway coun- ties. The volunteers from Howard county, were made up of excel- lent men — men who proved themselves to be good soldiers, a number of whom had already seen military service in the Black Hawk and Florida wars. The first company from Howard was composed of the following persons : — Captain — Joel W. Hughes. Lieutenant — Samuel G. Ward. Sergeants — F. Kitchie, E. Powell, J. W. Hall and S. C. Wolfs- kin. Corporals — J. W. Rollins, Waldo Lewis, J. Mahone and Wm. Sterns. PRIVATES. H. H. Hughes, L. Sterns, T. T. Gibbs, J. Love, Jacob Schmidt, J. Jones, J. W. Cruse, J. Campbell, E. W. Diggs, W. Newcomb, C. H. Mead, J. Wilson, T. Robinson, J. Tucker, Z. W. Elkin, J. McKeehan, (264) HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 265 E. Burton, J. E. White, E. Casey, Wm. McCord, T. J. Basye, B. Wilson, A.J. Sims, T. W. Cawthorn, J. B. Eeid, W. W. White, J. M. Duff, Benjamin Halstead, W. P. Adams, J. B. Blythe, T. Childs, W. J. Pe'echer, H. Turner, T. S. Donohoe, L. P. Collins, J. Wilds, J. C. Becket, J. Embree, W. M. Scott, J. Cravens, H. Hulitt, J. Quimby, J. McCord, A. Wilson, W. T. Wilson, J. Odell, A. Rice. SECOND COMPANY. Captain — William A. Hall. Lieutenant — R. L. Coleman. Ensign — T. J. Bartholow. Sergeants — Hardin A. Wilson, James A. Douglass, James Kunkle and John H. Jackson. Corporals — James Marley, S. J. Craig, W. P. Miles and Wil- liam B. Wilson. PRIVATES. Isaac J. Burnam, J. D. Patton, J. Fray, J. W. Craig, J. S. Williams, G. F. Hackley, A. G. Ellis, John J. Hackley, W. Thorp, W. H. Leveridge, J. J. Greer, J. Lynch, J. E. Corbit, E. K. Atterbury, W. W. Ayres, W. McDonald, J. W. Collins, W.G. Quim, S. Swetnam, A. S. Leveridge, W. Peacher, F. J. Tramil, J. L. Harry, J. McLin, W. Cooly, D. Hooton, H. Ford, R. Grant, A. G. Mansfield, D. A. Waterfield, L. W. Sweetnam, R. Kirby, J. B. Alexander, R. C. Hancock, S. G. Bailey, H. Bynum, W. H. Martin, J. S. Brundege, 266 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. G. W. Haekley, W. S. Clack, W. R. Siinonds, C. J. Murray, J. F. Haekley, Jr., C. W. Pendleton, T. Thorp, W. Montgomery, J. Reynolds, E. Montgomery. T. Wright, The volunteers embarked at Glasgow, on the 25th day of May, 1846, on the steamer Wapello, for Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. After the arrival of all the volunteers at that place, from Missouri, an election was held, which resulted in the choice of Alexander W. Doni- phan, colonel; C. F. Huff, lieutenant-colonel, and William Gilpin, major. PUBLIC MEETINGS. In June, 1847, after the volunteers had been gone about one year from Howard county, public meetings were held at Fayette and Glasgow to make arrangements for giving a proper reception to the returned volunteers from Mexico. The committee (at Fayette) of arrangements consisted of A. W. Morrison, C. H. Green, A. J. Herndon, J. Headrick, B. Watts, L. Crigler, R. L. Coleman, C. C. P. Hill, C. F. Jackson, William Buster, J. C. Haekley, S. Brown, John C. Ross, R. W. Boggs, James Cooper and others. The committee on reception at Glasgow was composed of Jesse Haston, Thomas Peery, Richard Dicken, Richard Earickson, L. S. Eddins, Thomas Shackelford, May B. Collins, J. C. Thomson, William F. Dunnica and others. The reception at Fayettee occurred July 23d. Early in the morning of that day, a salute of thirteen guns was fired from one of the cannons captured at the battle of Sacramento, by the Howard county soldiers. William A. Hall welcomed the volunteers in an elo- quent speech. Joseph Pulliam served as host at the dinner table. The Glasgow brass band was present, and discoursed some excellent music. The reception took place at Glasgow, on Thursday, July 8th, 1847. Hon. Thomas Shackelford made the address of welcome. Major Gilpin and Governor C. F. Jackson also addressed the meeting. CALIFORNIA EMIGRANTS OF 1849-50. " The plague of gold strikes far and near — And deep and strong it enters ; HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 267 Our thoughts grow dark, our words grow strange, We cheer^the pale gold diggers ; * Each soul is worth so much on change, And marked like sheep with figures." ' No doubt the desire for gold has been the mainspring of all pro- gress and enterprise in the county, from the beginning till the present time, and will so continue till remote ages. Generally, how- ever, this desire has been manifested in the usual avenues of thrift, industry and enterprise. On one occasion it passed the bounds of reason and assumed the character of a mania. The gold mania first broke out in the fall of 1848, when stories began to be spread abroad of the wonderful richness of the placer mines in California. The excitement grew daily, feeding on the marvellous reports that came from the Pacific slope, and nothing was talked of but the achievements of gold diggers. The papers were re- plete with the most extravagant stories, and yet the excitement was so great that the gravest and most incredulous men were smitten with the contagion, and hurriedly left their homes and all that was dear to them on earth, to try the dangers, difficulties and uncertainties of hunting gold. Day after day, and month after month, were the papers filled with glowing accounts of California. Instead of dying out, the fever mounted higher and higher. It was too late in the fall to cross the plains, but thousands of people in Missouri began their preparations for starting in the following spring, and among the number were many from Howard county. The one great subject of discussion about the firesides that winter (1848), was the gold of California. It is said at one time the majority of the able-bodied men of the county were unsettled in mind, and were con- templating going to California. Even the most thoughtful and sober- minded, found it difficult to resist the infection. Wonderful sights were seen when this emigration passed through — sights that may never be seen again in Howard county. Some of the emigrant wagons were drawn by cows ; other gold hunters went on foot and hauled their worldly goods in hand-carts. The gold hunters generally left the moralities of life behind them, and were infested with a spirit of disorder and demoralization. The settlers breathed easier when they passed. Early in the spring of 1849, the rush began. It must have been a scene to beggar all description. There was one continuous line of wagons from east to west as far as the eye could reach, moving steadily westward, and, like a cyclone, drawing in its course on the right and left, many of those along its pathway. The o 268 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. gold hunters of Howard crowded eagerly into the gaps in the wagon- trains, bidding farewell to their nearest an«l dearest friends, many of them never to be seen again on earth. Sadder farewells were never spoken. Many of the emigrants left their quiet and peaceful homes, only to find in the " Far West" utter disappointment and death. At the time of the treaty of Oaudaloupe Hidalgo, the population of California did not exceed thirty thousand, while at the time of which we write there were more than three hundred and fifty thousand peo- ple, who had found their way thither, fully one hundred thousand of these being gold hunters from the states. The evil effects of this gold mania upon the moral status of the United States are still seen and felt, and in all classes of society. It has popularized the worship of Mammon to an alarming extent, and to this worship, in a great measure, is attributed the moral declension of to-day. Among the scores of men who went to California from Howard county, we record the names of the following : — John Dunn, Sashall Bynum, E. K. Atterbury, Paul Shirley, George Douglass, William Davis, Joseph W. Pulliam, William Pulliam, James Hill, General John B. Clark, Jr Wesley Hill, John L. Morrison, William Morrison, John Boggs, Colonel John Williams, John P. Musler, Henry Thrager, Atler, Pleasant Wilson, William Wilson, James Wilson, Clay Wilson, Frank Brandus, Barnet Fernish, Joel Fernish , William Burris, Charles Burris, Perry O 'Neal, Zack Benson, James Douglass, General John Wilson and family, William McDonald, James Sanders, James Crews, Ly curgus Crews, William Stapleton, John Lowery, Jack Wilcox, Jeff Wilcox, "Big" Jim Hill, Andrew Wilhoit, William Martin and brother, Hampton McCauley, George Ward, Kobert Hughes, E. M. Patrick, Garrison Patrick, Weston F. Birch, Thomas Birch, Sr., Dr. Parrish, Jacob Head rick, Bradford Pulliam, Garret Tatum, Stephen Wethers, Josiah Tindall, James Tindall, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 269 Reuben Basket, James Tolson, Robert Payne, James Morrison, Henry Bynum, John Kring, Warren Adams, Morrison Hughs, Humphrey Cooper, Robert Lynch, Luther Cooper, Sumpter Lynch, Stephen Hancock, Frank Becket, Nathaniel Arben, Jacob Green abaum, John Mahone, Robert Bohanan, Brand, Allen Raines, John Crigler, John Shelton, James Hanna, Cale Wilcox. Of course there were many others who went to California from Howard county, but after making diligent inquiry we failed to get their names. HOWARD COUNTY UPON THE EVE OF THE CIVIL WAR. A complete history of what was said and done in Howard county, just preceding the great civil war, which swept over our country like a besom of destruction , would fill a large book. Of course, we have neither the time nor space to devote to such a work. Even if we had and were inclined to write it, we should doubt the propriety of doing so. One of the oldest and most highly esteemed citizens of the county, when questioned upon this subject said : " Better let bygones be by- gones," and so we think. There were, however, some things that transpired upon the eve of that gigantic struggle which were quite significant of the character of the spirit and temper of the people, and of these we shall briefly speak. UNION MEETING IN FAYETTE. The citizens of Howard county, or at least a large number of them, met in the court-house on the third day of December, 1860, to consult in reference to the welfare of the county. The Glasgow Weekly Times gives an account of that meeting as follows : — On motion of R. T. Prewitt, the meeting was organized by the election of the following gentlemen : — President — Hon. Abiel Leonard, 19 270 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Vice-Presidents . W. M. Jackson, M. A. Taylor, Richard Earickson, F. E. Williams, Joseph Davis, William Payne, Richard Patton, S. C. Major, L. S. Eddins, JohnM. Rivett, Joseph Cooper, Owen Rawlins, Rice Patterson, Bird Deatherage, Jefferson Payne, A. W. Lee, James R. Estill, Girard Robinson, David Peeler, J. F. Finks, Dr. J. C. Heberlin, W. D. Swinney, John C. Woods. Secretaries. A. E. Randall, Dr. W. C. Boon. On motion of A. J. Herndon, a committee of sixteen was ap- pointed to draft resolutions expressive of the sense of the meeting. The chair appointed the following gentlemen on said committee: A. J. Herndon, J. M. Marmaduke, Benjamin J. Payne, N. G. Elliott, J. F. Williams, John P. Sebree, C. H. Green, W. P. Jackson, Thomas Shackelford, S. E. Graves, James S. Thomson, J. F. Hughes, Andrew Cooper, James Simms, S. T. Hughes, R. T. Prewitt. On motion of N. G. Elliott, an additional committeeman from each township was added to the above list, viz : Richmond township, Neriah Todd. Chariton township, M. B. Collins. Bonne Femme township, J. Hockersmith. Prairie township, Joseph B. Bradford. Boone's Lick township, William M. Burton. Franklin township, R. H. Robinson. Moniteau township, John Walker. During the progress of the meeting, and in the absence of the committee, the citizens present were ably and eloquently addressed by Judge A. Leonard, of Howard county, Judge William A. Hall, of Randolph county, and Major James S. Rollins, of Boone county. The committee on resolutions made the following report : — Resolved, 1. That the election to the presidency of any person, constitutionally eligible to that office, according to the forms of the constitution, is no cause for disunion. 2. That we regard the election of Abraham Lincoln as a triumph of sectionalism over nationalism — of fanaticism over patriotism ; but HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 271 while we have in the northern states a million and a half of patriotic freemen, voting and battling with us for our country, we will not dis- pair of the republic. 3. That resistance to the fugitive slave law by the people, and virtual nullification of its provisions by the legislature of the states of the north, are an actual grievance of which we have a right to complain, as illegal, unconstitutional, and unfriendly to us ; but we believe that the proper remedy is not to dissolve the union and fight against the constitution, but to stand by the union and maintain the constitution and enforcement of the laws. 4. That we have a majority of both houses of congress with us, who can and ought to require and compel the strict enforcement of the fugitive slave law, and all other legally enacted laws of the United States, no matter what the cost. 5. That the proposed resignation of southern congressmen at this juncture, which may have the effect of giving the republicans a majority in congress, would be an injudicious and improper desertion of their friends. 6. That our senators and representatives in congress are re- quested to offer a resolution requiring the general government to enforce the fugitive slave law with all the power of the government, and pledging the congress to supply the means. Another monster union meeting was held in Fayette, in Feb- ruary, 1861. At this meeting, Thomas Shackelford, of Glasgow, received the nomination as a candidate to the convention at Jefferson City. LADIES' UNION MEETING. The ladies of Fayette held a union meeting at the court-houae, January 29, 1861, and unanimously adopted the following resolu- tions : — Resolved, 1. That the 100 ladies, whose names are here enrolled, do still love our country, our whole country, and our country's con- stitution ; and we feel that it is perfectly consistent with the char- acter of refined, intelligent, and patriotic ladies to make a public demonstration of our feelings in this time of peril to our country and our liberties. 2. That as the most appropriate manner of doing this, we will, with our hands, make a national flag, to be presented to the man who shall be selected for a union representative from this county. 3. That on Monday night, February 4th, several gentlemen be invited to address us, and upon that occasion, we will present our flag to the union candidate, praying him in the name of our state, and for the sake of that flag, to do all in his power to keep Missouri true to her allegiance to the union and the constitution. On the evening of the 4th of February, the Methodist Episcopal church building, in Fayette, was crowded with an eager and interested 272 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. audience. Miss Jane Lewis had been invited to make the presenta- tion address, and as it is a most appropriate, eloquent, and patriotic address, we here present it : — The time of danger is at hand. Our republic is shaken to the centre. The American union, the standard-bearer in the onward march of the nations, has paused in its splendid career ! Our con- stitution, the ablest work of .uninspired mortal minds, is decried and attacked. Our beloved country, our mighty and magnificent union, is convulsed by a moral earthquake, which threatens to rend it asunder, and leave it a hopeless ruin, a " by-word and a shaking of the head to the nations." Our flag, our stainless banner of the stars and stripes insulted ! Yes ! torn down, trampled under foot, by those who owe to its protection all the rights of sovereign citizens ! Now, indeed, the time has come when "man must rise and woman call to God!" To man belongs the privilege of defending in the council and on the field the honor of his country, and the rights of its citizens. Woman can only weep over the woes of her native land, pray to the Great Ruler, in whose hands are the destinies of all nations, and trust, implicity trust, to the wise heads, the stronger arms, the braver hearts of her countrymen. The time of trial draws near. A few days will decide whether Missouri will throw off her allegiance to the federal union, violate her most solemn pledges, or remain loyal to her own constitution, to the whole nation, to the human race, to Almighty God ! Missouri is in the centre, the very heart of the union. And our county, our noble old Howard, is the heart of Missouri. Let that heart remain steadfast and true, and its every throb shall be felt throughout its political body. And through you, that heart must find a voice. I, then, in the name and by the authority of my countrywomen of Fayette, whose names are recorded •on it, present to you, and through you to the citizens of Howard county, this flag, made with our own hands ; it is offered from our hearts. With it we commit to your guardianship all that we hold most sacred. By all the hallowed associations clinging around this spotless banner of our country, we pray you, in the coming struggle to stand fast to the cause of the union and the right. Through your voice, let the heart of old Howard speak in thrilling tones to the state, to the union, to the world ! In the hour of high and solemn debate, remember us and our flag and all of which it is a symbol. This flag knows no north, no south ; the whole undivided, glorious union is its own ! * Remember and vote for the union ! Remember £hat disunion means war, civil and servile war. Then by the thought of all of war's tremendous horrors, by the thought of outraged women and murdered children, burning homes, of a desolated country, of a ruined race, save the union ! Take, then, our flag, and with it take our highest hopes, our heartfelt prayers for the union. Bv the memory of the day when its starry folds were first uurolled to" the winds of HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 273 heaven, proclaiming to the world that a nation was born, guard our flag! By the memory of our ancestors, who stood by it for seven long years in many a hard fought field, in want, in cold, in pesti- lence, in famine, guard our flag ! By the memory of the all cloudless glory of Washington, who, in death, left the union a sacred bequest in charge to his countrymen, guard our flag ! By the memory of Bunker Hill, where haughty England first learned that American arms were wielded by a nation's heart, guard our flag! By the memory of Jackson and his heroic band, who saved the Crescent City, guard our flag! By the memory of the unconquered, the un- conquerable hearts "Who scorned to yield, On Buena Vista's bloody field." By the memory of those who sleep beneath the walls of Monterey, guard our flag ! Theme of the poet ! hope of the exile ! refuge of the oppressed ! signal of civilization and progress ! type and pledge of the freedom and union of all lands ! Go ! flag of our country, our whole country ! To faithful hands, to fearless hearts we commit thee ! Once more unfurl thy radiant colors ! Let not one star grow dim ! Let not one glowing tint grow pale ! But, high above the storms of faction, triumphant over every unworthy strife, still float on ! And, for ages to come, yes, to the eyes of all future generations "The star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave, O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave." There was a similar presentation of a flag at Glasgow on the evening of the 6th of February, 1861, Miss Bettie C.Jackson making the presentation address. Mr. Shackelford still has the flag (1883). Union sentiments continued to predominate in Howard county until the surrender of Camp Jackson, after which time the people began to change their views in reference to the war which had been inaugurated, and boldly avowed their determination to unite with their brethern of the south in resisting coercion upon the part of the government. HOWARD COUNTY DURING THE WAR OF 1861. Compared to many other counties in Missouri, Howard county suffered but little during the war. The border counties suffered the most, especially those lying on the southwestern boundary, including Jackson, Cass and Bates. These counties coming specifically within the jurisdiction of General Ewing's order No. 11, they were almost wholly given up to pillage, and, in many localities, to the torch — notably was this the case in Bates county, where but a few houses were left standing at the close of the war. No large battles were fought in Howard, nor were her citizens subjected to any 274 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. very great privations at the hands of the soldiery from either army, nor were they generally greatly molested by the robbers and cut- throats who took the advantage of the country's condition of war, to indulge their thieving and murderous propensities. CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS, OFFICERS AND PRIVATES. We have no accurate means of knowing the number of men who entered the Confederate army from Howard county. The number could have not been less than 1,500 men, from the beginning of the war to its close. It is supposed from the best information that can now be obtained, that between 500 and 700 men joined General Sterling Price while on his last raid through this portion of the state. These soldiers were composed of all classes and ages, from men of three score years to the mere stripling of fifteen. Probably not more than one-third of the entire number who entered the army remained until its close, or did the duty of a soldier for any considerable length of time. We have made every effort that we could to get the names of these soldiers, but failed, except as to a portion of them, which we have classed under the heads of officers and privates. CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS. Officers. John B. Clark, Sr., brig. -general ; Hugh Stewart, captain ; John B. Clark, Jr., brig. -general ; J. L. Calaway, lieutenant; Stephen Cooper, colonel ; James H. Finks, major ; H. H. Hughes, major ; William Merick, major ; G. H. Willis, captain ; H. Q. Martin, captain : Robert H. Walden, 1st lieutenant ; Thomas Turner, captain ; William O. Keeble, 2d lieutenant ; Abe Hayter, lieutenant ; Joseph Richards, lieutenant ; Frank Hargis, sergeant ; Sid. B. Cunningham, ensign ; Garris Allen, lieutenant ; C. D. Holtzclaw, captain ; William Todd, captain ; William Holtzclaw, lieutenant ; Eugene Todd, lieutenant ; Jack Cooper, captain ; Thomas Todd, captain ; John Cooper, lieutenant ; William B. Strode, captain ; Congrieve Jackson, colonel ; Calvin Sartin, lieutenant ; William F. Cunningham, captain ; William C. Boon, surgeon ; August Elgin, captain ; Layton Mansfield, lieutenant ; Tip. Elgin, lieutenant ; Virginia Leland, sergeant; Benjamin Clark, lieutenant ; Thomas Howard, captain ; Hays Farris, captain ; James Chorn, captain ; James A. Walden, lieutenant; Samuel Morrison, captain; L. B. Cooper, lieutenant ; John M. Hickey, captain ; HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 275 Joseph Green, captain ; B. M. McCraig, captain ; John Robertson, lieutenant ; James Cason, captain ; €. B. Harris, Thomas B. Brooks, Brack Brown, John Brown, William Brown, J. K. Moss, Silas Moser, Tip. Ditzler, G. Settle, F. G. Canole, M. V. Sims, Elijah Sims., G. W. Knox, Benjamin Ray, James Ray, Captain Brooks, James Jordan, G. H. Jordan, Nick Jeter, Wilton Robertson, Neriah Brashear, William W. Hancock, Samuel Ray, Uriah Breashear, Alfred Gleary, Oliver Bailey, George Eaton, John Turner, E. W. Turner, William Wilkerson, N. B. Hughes, Robert Ainsworth, Parkinson Hocker, James Hocker, William Hocker, George Carson, Stephen Carson, James Todd, James Richards, William E. Walden, Barl. Harris, John Watkins, Q. Cary, captain ; George Stapleton, surgeon ; Dr. McGirk, surgeon. Privates. Enoch Crews, B. Scott, John Kile, Nero Thompson, George Craig, D. W. Whitt, John Phillips, Caleb Thomas, John D. Craven, Z. Yates, Given Johnson, Thomas Farmer, Robert Hughes, Clint Calaway, A. McCraig, Hardin Harris, Mack. Wilcox, John Holtzclaw, Benjamin Holtzclaw, James Holtzclaw, Robert Bobbitt, John Rossou, Milton Elkin, John Moore, John A. Walden, Sarshall Cooper, C. J. Walden, H. C. Tindall, Charles Cunningham, J. P. McCraig, Ezekiel Harris, John Thurman, William H. Hardin, James Colvin, James Cooper, Walter Cooper, H. N. Kivett, Henry Wilkerson, James Ashcraft, C. S. Swearingen, Joseph Swearingen, John H. Cooper, :i 276 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. A. J. Howard, Thomas P. Newman, Thomas Worden, Coleman McCraig, Kichard Pearce, John Robertson, M. Cropp, Austin Jones, Strother Jones, O. Brown, A. Scrip, Townsend Wright, Patrick Woods, Henry Heberling, Turner Patterson, Turner Williams, Dick Childers, Shalen Ayers, Dick Jackson, Thomas Grider, William Jones, Simpson Nelson, Joshua Lakey, Abner Nash, Thomas Shields, Lafayette Marens, John Heberling, James C. Heberling, J. P. Witt, Joel Witt, James R. Hickerson, Henry Ditzler, James Jackson, Claib. Carson, James Bobbitt, John Garven, William Boyd, Frank Dey, William Shields, John A. Woods, George Heberling. Alfred Silvey, L. Silvey, Leroy Silvey, James Silvey, Joseph E. George, Dick Nichols, Joseph Jackson, John Cooper, Thomas Gibson, Joshua Wisdom, Frank Anderson, John Peyton, John S. Elliott, George Hackley, Patrick Allen, John D. Taylor, Thomas Creson, James Creson, James Muir, George Kirby, George R. Kirby, David Wilson, Alfred Yeager, Morris Owens, Richard Enyard, Joseph Cropp, Brown Chancellor, William Hackley, William Finney, James Robertson, James Linn, Oliver Rose, John Embree, William Kirby, John Krouse, David Yeager, John F. Tippett, Patrick O'Mely, George Robb, Benjamin Cropp, Abe Bobbitt, John Hackley, Benjamin Ashbury, John Finney, W. B. Miller, William Linn, George Muir, Benjamin Embree, Frank Kirby, J. M. Moore, A. F. Yeager, James Wiley, Press. Walls, Robert Smith, Jason Smith, Alexander Dudgeon, Logan Shipp, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 277 Joseph Todd, Asa Smith, Harvey Liggett, Jasper Stapp, Milton Jackson, Joseph Rasser, John Ridgway, Thomas Embree, John Rosebury, F. M. Thorp, William R. Carson, Jesse Spence, John Gowe, James Campbell, Barney Ballew, William Rosser, James Ridgway, John Cloyd, William Rosebury, Ike Stanley, Joseph Peacher, John Spence, John Gothan, William Watts, Martin Ballew, Benjamin Shipp, Henry Wills, Riley Boon, Ed. Bo wen, John Cavens, Peter Peacher, Emmet Spence, Stephen Campbell, Bud. Watts, Arch. Ballew, Robert Shipp, George Bobbitt, John Boon, Sock. Robertson, Dol. Minor, William Markland, Thomas Jordan, Ambrose Callaway, James Wilson, George B. Tolson, Strother McDonald, William Carson, James Burrows, Joseph Boggs, Hiram Shipp, William Coleman, Hamp. Boon, Robert Tinsley, Et. St. Clair, Luther Markland, Len. Smith, Neriah Todd, Barney Dudgeon, James Flemming, John Taylor, Mat. Stapp, Newton Stapp, H. B. Watts, John T. Markland, Charles Canole, William Smith, John Dudgeon, Si. Todd, Press. Smith, Ike Taylor, William Stapp, George Fisher, Samuel Rosser, Gus. Sears, James Grigsby, W. W. Cloyd, Thomas Warren, Thomas Croley, George Chorn, Ed. Ramey, Dick Crews, George Carter, Moses Ashbury, Marion Forest, William Harris, Newton Swearingen, Lewis Railey, Ebenezer Rankin, Asa Thompson, Joseph Lakey, Elliott Alsop, John C. Heath, James Laudram, Obadiah Swearingen, Samuel Hackly, Samuel Hardin, John Thompson, Lewis Collier, 278 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Theo. Stapleton, John Wheeler, 'Harvey Hughes, W. B. McKinly, Charles Boulder, James G-lover, Oscar Willis, Achilles Carson, James Eaines, Ike Garvin, Owen Chora, William Burrows, George Kamey, H. H. Boggs, George Maupin, George Whitlow, Nick Ashbury, Jule Massey, Harvey Vivion, Willis Mason, Eichard Fristol, John Keyser. Roland Fisher, HOWARD COUNTY MILITIA. The following are the names of the officers of the various militia companies of Howard county : Boonsboro Township — W. A. Elkins, captain; G. A. Knox, first lieutenant ; W. B. Quinly, second lieutenant. Franklin Township — Hugh W. Stewart, captain; Charles Canole, first lieutenant ; N. Rollins, second lieutenant. Moniteau Township — George M. Pipes, captain; M. M. Basey, first lieutenant; Zach. Crews, second lieutenant. Bonne Femme Township — Platoon — J. N. Smith, first lieu- tenant. Prairie Township — W. S. Lynch, captain; W. A. Green, first lieutenant ; Thomas Montgomery, second lieutenant. Chariton Township — June Williams, captain; Martin Green, first lieutenant ; Peter Land, second lieutenant. Richmond Township — James H. Feland, captain ; Joseph Peeler, first lieutenant ; William Shafroth, second lieutenant. Colored Companies. — Richmond and part of Bonne Femme, — R. J. Patton, captain; Woolman Gibson, first lieutenant; A. M. Fielding, second lieutenant. Moniteau and part of Bonne Femme — No officers. Franklin and part of Boonsboro — No officers. Chariton — W. P. Etheridge, captain. Prairie Platoon — John Quinn, first lieutenant. COLORED RECRUITS. The former owners of slaves, and their descendants in Howard county, may feel some interest in looking over the list of negroes who enlisted in the war of 1861. The list does not contain the names of all the slaves who entered the army from Howard county. The num- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 279 ber enrolled and in the service (U. S. army) was 600; the whole number fit for military duty was 930. This was in 1864. One of the most remarkable facts connected with the history of those times — a fact showing the astonishing credulity of the people — was the belief that the institution of slavery would either remain intact, or that the owners of slaves would be compensated for their loss. Notwithstand- ing the enrollment of negroes was going on in their very presence, where they could be seen drilling daily for service, they were bought and sold as though the existence of the "peculiar institution" had not been imperiled by the war. The sale of the following slaves took place as late as January, 1864 ; they were owned by Philip Robert- son's estate, and were sold at the court-house door in Fayette : — Dick, aged 31 years, bought by David E. Hays, price $140. Bal- timore, aged 25, by David Dennis, $100. Elizabeth, aged 13, by Jos. Robb, $200. Caroline, aged 9, by A. J. Robertson, $174.50. William, aged 11, by by Hiram Robertson, $211. Susan, aged 6, by "Wm. Shields, $78.85. Kitt, aged 3, by Jno. Mauion, $48.50. COLORED RECRUITS FROM HOWARD COUNTY. Cyrus, owned by Elizabeth Hughes. Turner, owned by John Burton. Squire, owned by Frank Williams. George, owned by John H. Withers. Sam, owned by Henry Knouse. John, owned by Joseph Hockersmith. Lewis, owned by A. W. Morrison. Ben, owned by A. W. Morrison. Henry, owned by Narcissus Snoddy. Ollie, owned by Wesley Green. Cyrus, owned by Richard Earickson. Harrison, owned by Wesley Green. Walter, owned by Roxanna B. Hern. George, owned by Roxanna B. Hern. Samuel, owned by L. T. Patrick. Henry, owned by Colonel John F. Williams. William, owned by S. T. Crews. Frederick, owned by Thos. C. Boggs. Howard, owned by Thos. C. Boggs. Toby, owned by John Kirby. Stephen, owned by Hampton Green. - Polk, owned by Wesly Green. Oscar, owned by P. W. Hawley. James, owned by W. P. Hawley. Baddies, owned by W. P. Hawley. Jacob, owned by P. W. Hawley. 280 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Edward, owned by J. R. Estill. Joseph, owned by estate of Roland Hughes. Frank, owned by Joe Swan Hughes. Martin, owned by J. H. Hughes. Andrew, owned by John Blakely. Lowry, owned by J. R. Estill. Olie, owned by J. R. Estill. Dennis, owned by John Hickerson. Ben, owned by Wm. Wigham. Robert, owned by James Ferguson. Martin, owned by Thomas Knouse. Jacob, owned by John Q. A. Bibb. Benton, owned by Ira C. Darby. "William, owned by R. T. Prewitt. James, owned by B. Eddins. Andrew, owned by S. T. Crews. Robert, owned by James P. Beck. Lewis, owned by J. P. Morrison. William, owned by J. P. Morrison. Martin, owned by J. W. A. Patterson. Jackson, owned by L. D. Brown. Jackson, owned by J. W. A. Patterson. George, owned by Nancy Snell. Sanford, owned by Nancy Snell. William, owned by R. J. Payne. William, owned by I. S. Brooks. Booker, owned by Willoughby Williams. James, owned by W. L. Reeves. John, owned by estate of John A. Talbott. Jeff, owned by W. L. Reeves. Richard, owned by Benj. Reeves. Samuel, owned by estate of J. Q. Hicks. William, owned by Benj. Reeves. Mack, owned by Willoughby Williams. Solomon, owned by Dr. Thomas Dinwiddie. Merit, owned by Jeff Payne. Alexander, owned by Hiram Robertson. John, owned by estate of David Johnson. Green, owned by John Embree. Reuben, owned by Mary Ann Cake. Howard, owned by S. T. Crews. Granderson, owned by Mary Withers. Henry, owned by T. H. Richards. Jackson, owned by John Snoddy. Ben, owned by Sarah Barnes. Jackson, owned by estate of William Brown. Charles, owned by Ann Miller. Lewis, owned by William Payne. Daniel, owned by estate of William Brown. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 281 George, owned by Susan Jackson. Sam, owned by James Means. Benton, owned by James Means. Willis, owned by Samuel Maddox. Lewis, owned by W. P. Jackson. Alfred, owned by Andrew Tolson. Bartlett, owned by Rice Patterson. William, owned by John R. White. Adam, owned by John R. White. Alfred, owned by John R. White. Sam, owned by John R. White. Andy, owned by John R. White. Preston, owned by John R. White. Jacob, owned by John R. White. Thomas, owned by W. B. Muir. Perry, owned by Ira C. Darby. Charles, owned by Gideon Wright. Shelby, owned by FederalWalker. Daniel, owned by Federal Walker. St. Andrew, owned by Federal Walker. Charles, owned by Gerard Robinson. William, owned by Wade M. Jackson. James, owned by David Isaacs. Ben, owned by David Isaacs. Barny, owned by Mark Jackman. Charles, owned by L. S. Eddins. Thomas, owned by L. S. Eddins. Judd, owned by L. S. Eddins. Oliver, owned by M. G. Maupin. Garland, owned by Ann Adams. Jim, owned by Bainer Spotts. Abraham, owned by estate of George P. Bass. Thomas, owned by Mrs. Sallie Patton. Jim, owned by Archie Woods. Warren, owned by estate of A. Leonard. Joseph, owned by A. Cooper. Henry, owned by A. Cooper. George, owned by A. Cooper. Robert, owned by Luther Cooper. Lunzen, owned by C. E. Givens. Isaac, owned by C. E. Givens. Thomas, owned by Stephen Mott. Edmon, owned by C. E. Givens. Jake, owned by estate of A. Leonard. Anderson, owned by Jack Haden. John, owned by Archibald Hill. David, owned by G. W. Stapleton. Harrison, owned by J. T. Carson. Charles, owned by Solomon Barnett. 282 HISTOKY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Antony, owned by George Harvey. Ambrose, owned by G. F. Stapleton. John, owned by Ira C. Darby. Amos, owned by James Perkins. James, owned by G. W. Stapleton. Aaron, owned by Wm. Long. Jacob, owned by Mrs. J. Blythe. Henry, owned by Moses Burton. Adam, owned by estate of F. E. Williams. Mack, owned by Eliza Stapleton. Lee, owned by James Proctor. Isaac, owned by estate of Wm. Elgin. George, owned by Thomas Dinwiddie. Allin, owned by estate of F. E. Williams. Ambrose, owned by H. Dudgeon. Pleasant, owned by Mrs. Sallie Patton. Alex, owned by Jo Davis. John, owned by Ben Beeves. Charles, owned by J. H. Petty. Sam, owned by B. W. Lewis. William, owned by J. G. Long. BATTLES AND INCIDENTS. There were a few engagements, and one or two incidents that occurred in Howard county during the war, that we deem of sufficient importance to be chronicled in this history. We copy from Major John N. Edwards' " Noted Guerillas." ATTACK ON FAYETTE. A long night march and a dark one, succeeded to the evening of the fight, but by sunrise the next morning Todd had formed a junction with Quantrell , Poole, Anderson, Perkins and Thomas Todd, these two last being Confederate officers. Aggregated, the force numbered 277 rank and file, not a formidable force to do effectively the important work General Price required of it. Poole commanded 52 men ; George Todd, 53 ; Anderson, 67 ; Quantrell, 16 ; Thomas Todd, 42, and Perkins, 47. All eyes were now turned towards Fayette, the county seat of Howard county, eleven miles north of the ren- dezvous, where 400 Federal soldiers did garrison duty, strongly forti- fied and capable of stout resistance. The command was first offered to Quantrell, but he refused it, next to Anderson who accepted. Quantrell argued in the counsel against attacking Fayette, and voted against it, as a piece of military folly. So did George Todd ; but the balance overbore them and decided to, make the venture. On the morning of September 20, 1864, the march towards Fayette began. Anderson moved first, Poole next, Stuart next, and HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 283 Quantrell fourth. In the rear were George Todd, Perkins and Thomas Todd. Fayette had a strong stockade on the north as a defensive work, and in the town itself both the court-house and a female academy were strongly fortified. Anderson, Poole, and Quantrell were to charge through Fayette and invest the stockade, while the two Todds and Perkins were to look after the buildings on the inside of the cor- poration. Tom Todd led the advance in the attack on the town, as Fayette was his home. Fayette was reached about eleven o'clock and attacked furiously. Anderson, Poole, and Quantrell dashed through the square, losing some of their best men, and the two Todds and Perkins faced the two fortified buildings, and did what was possible to be done — bear breasts against brick and mortar. Sergeant McMurtry, of George Todd's company, fell first and close to the court-house fence. Oil Thompson was mortally wounded, Perkins lost ten men in as many minutes, Tom Todd seven, and Poole eight. Anderson lost in killed, Garrett, Cravens, Agen, Grosvenor, and Newman Wade; and in wounded, Thomas Maupin, Silas King, William Stone and Lawrence Wilcox ; Lieutenant Little, one of the oldest of Quantrell' s veteran's was badly wounded. Every attack was repulsed both upon the court- house and the stockade, and the guerrillas retreated finally, but un- pursued, with a loss of eighteen killed and forty-two wounded. Eichard Kinney and Jesse James volunteered to bring McMurtry out from under the guns of the enemy, and they dashed in afoot, and succeeded safely amid a shower of balls. Quantrell, infuriated at a loss of so many splendid fellows, fought with a recklessness unusual with him. Leading in person three desperate assaults upon the stockade, and wounded severely in the second assault, he would have commanded a fourth if Poole and Anderson, convinced at last of the uselessness of the sacrifice, had not shown the insanity of the effort and argued him out of his reckless purpose. Many feats of individ- ual and heroic daring were performed. Thomas Todd, his long red beard waving in the wind, and his black plume floating free where the fight was the hottest, dashed up once to the main gate of the court- house and emptied six chambers of a revolver into a door, from which twenty muskets were protruding. Peyton Long, losing his horse early in the fight, rushed desperately into a corral under cover of the stockade, coolly chose the horse which suited him best, mounted him bareback and galloped away unhurt into his own ranks again. Harri- son Trow, procuring from a citizen an excellent shot-gun, crept to a sheltered place close to the academy and silenced one window of it by the accuracy and rapidity of his fire. He was so cool and so calm always in danger, that his comrades called him " Iceberg." The night of the retreat, Oliver Johnson died. Only twenty-five years of age, he was six feet two in height, and large in proportion. Of im- mense physical strength, in a charge or close hand to hand fight he was simply resistless. Wounded six times, the seventh wound killed him. To find one to fill his place, who could be braver, more deadly, 284 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. or more constantly in the saddle, was to hunt for' gold dust in a straw pile. There were none such. The above account is correct in the main, but is wide of the truth in reference to the number of men that were stationed in Fayette. The garrison consisted of 300 men all told. On the day of the attack Major Reeves Leonard was out ot town on a scouting expedition, and had with him 250 men, leaving 50 men in Fayette, but only 45 of these were able to bear arms. The Federals lost two men killed, and had one man wounded. One of the men killed, however, was not at the time a soldier. Had the guerrillas known at the time of the attack that there were only 45 effective men opposed to their number — 277 — they would have probably made a more des- perate effort to have captured the garrison. One of the men killed by the guerrillas was scalped, and this trophy of the bloody deed was found pinned to a tree south of Fayette, with an inscription badly written and badly spelled, stating in substance, " This is the way we do business." AFFAIR NEAR NEW FRANKLIN. While Colonel S. D. Jackman was on his last recruiting expedi- tion in Howard county, in the spring of 1863, and while in the neighborhood of New Franklin, his company, consisting of about twenty men, was attacked by a detachment of Federals under Captain Samuel Steinmetz, from Glasgow. ' The guerrillas had taken a strong position in a ravine, and after pouring a single volley into Steinmetz's ranks, the latter scattered in every directiou, and did not halt until they reached Fayette. Major Reeves Leonard, commander of the post at Fayette, and a member of Colonel Guitar's regiment, aroused at the signal failure of Steinmetz to break up Jackman' s recruiting camp, hurried out himself at the head of sixty picked troopers. A combat ensued, brief but savage. Jackman and Leonard met face to face and fought a single-handed fight. Leonard was wounded severely in the leg. Jackman and his men retreated. CASON'S ATTACK ON TWO STEAMBOATS. On the 17th of August, 1861, the guerrilla, Captain Cason, ascer- tained that two steamboats, the White Cloud and the McDowell, were coming down the Missouri river en route to St. Louis. An ambuscade was immediately formed on the Howard county side, and almost opposite Saline city. Here the current of the river HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 28") sweeps almost to the shore, which would of necessity bring them within rifle range of the concealed guerrillas. Unsuspicious of danger and crowded with human freight, the boat swept swiftly along. A sudden flame leaped out from the bushes as though some hidden fire was there, and then on the crowded decks were terror, confusion, bleeding and dead men. For nearly an hour Cason fought the boats, making of every embankment and earthwork, and of every tree a fortress. Finally a landing was effected and two pieces of cannon hurried ashore, and used for shelling the timber that concealed the guerrillas. Cason held on. As the infantry advanced he fell back, as it retired he advanced. Night alone ended the savage duel, the Federal loss being about sixty-two killed and more than that number wounded. The guerrillas lost no men. AN ACT OF BRUTALITY. The following seems to illustrate the villainous and brutal char- acter of that inhuman butcher, who reveled in the blood and sufferings of his unfortunate victims : — [From Colonel Switzler's History of Missouri.] After the abandonment of Glasgow, the guerrilla chief, Bill Anderson, and his band of outlaws, came at night to the house of William B. Lewis, in the vicinity, 'and in the presence of his family and of Mrs. Clark, mother of the rebel general, John B. Clark, Jr., and Mr. Dabney Garth, brother-in-law of Sterling Price, both con- nected by marriage to Mr. Lewis, subjected their victim to the grossest and crudest indignities. He was knocked down with the butts of heavy pistols, bruised and battered while helpless on the floor, his clothes cut open, his flesh pricked with knives, and his body singed with the flash of pistols fired within a few inches of his face. In their savage cruelty, the villains stuck the muzzles of their pistols into the mouth of their unresisting victim, and threatened to blow out his brains, accompanying their threats with ribald oaths and impreca- tions. All this was done partly to wreak their fury on a Union man, and partly to extort money from him. Mr. Lewis, who was a wealthy citizen, gave his tormentors $1,000, which was all the money he had in the house, and was then permitted to go in the streets under guard, and borrow as much more as he could from his neighbors. Anderson demanded $5,000 for his ransom, and this sum by the active aid of neighbors and personal friends he was enabled to raise. It was paid over to his greedy persecutors, and he was released. Next day ho escaped from the town, together with several other citizens, and made his way to Boonville. (20) & 286 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. CAPTURE OF GENERAL THOMAS J. BARTHOLOW. We clip from the Howard county Advertiser, of April 30, 1863: — On Wednesday night last, Brigadier-general T. J. Bartholow, com- manding the eighth military district of Missouri, was taken from bed at Glasgow, Missouri, by Jackmau's guerrillas, and was not heard from till yesterday. There was a company of enrolled militia in the town, but the general, having recently lost by death his wife and mother, was staying for the night (Wednesday) at his mother's late residence, situated on the outskirts of town. During the night the guerillas entered and carried him away. Yesterday, however, Gen- eral Gray received the following dispatch from General Bartholow : Glasgow, April 24. General John B. Bray, A. G,: I was released by Jackmaii yes- terday evening; have just arrived at headquarters. I positively refused to take any oath or accept any parole, or compromise my honor. Particulars by mail. T. J. Bartholow, Brig. Gen. THE ABDUCTION OF GENERAL BARTHOLOW. General T. J. Bartholow, who was taken from his residence in the suburbs of Glasgow, Missouri, on the morning of the 23d inst., by Jackman and a band of his guerrillas, has communicated the par- ticulars of the affair by letter to General Gray. From the communi- cation, we learn that on the morning of the 23d of April, 1863, at about two o'clock, General B. was awakened by a few raps upon the front door of his residence. He arose from bed, struck a light, went to the door and demanded what was wanted. A man replied that he was a messenger to him from General Guitar, having a verbal mes- sage, and he desired an interview to enable him to deliver it. Gen- eral B. replied that he did not know him and would not admit him. He then turned off with the apparent intention of leaving, but in ;i few moments returned with the remark that his information was of an important nature, and hoped General B. would grant him an inter- view, so that he might return immediately to Columbia. General B. then looked out one of the sidelights by the door but could discern but one man. He then concluded to open the door, as he was armed with a navy revolver. As soon as General B. had admitted the man, he closed and locked the door and invited him into his chamber, where they had an interview of some ten minutes, during which Gen- eral B.'s suspicions were to a considerable extent removed, although he held his pistol in his hand all the time. The interview closed and the man started out. General Bartholow followed him to the door with his pistol in one hand and a lamp in the other. As he approached the door he observed that the man suddenly quickened his pace. This again excited General B.'s suspicions, and he sprang HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 287 towards the door hoping to get hold of the key, but failed. The door was then suddenly opened and a large man forced his way in, despite of his efforts to prevent him. General B. then pointed his pistol at his breast, and was almost in the act of firing, when one of them caught his pistol, and the other took hold of him. Finding himself thus overpowered, he had no alternative but to surrender, which he did. General Bartholow was now informed that he was Colonel Jackrnan's prisoner, and that the alleged messenger from General Guitar was Major Rucker, lately escaped from Gratiot street prison. They were accompanied by ten men. General Bartholow was ordered to dress and go with them. They took him to his stable, and as soon as his horse was saddled, they started with him in a southeasterly direction at a brisk pace through the woods and farms, avoiding all public roads until daylight, when Major Eucker left with all the men but one, General B. remaining with Jackman and the man in the woods all day, some twelve miles from Glasgow where he had a good deal of conversation with the colonel, in which General B. told him that he would not take an oath or accept a parole from him, to which Jackman replied that he would then have to hold him. Late in the afternoon General B. proposed to Jackman that in consideration of his i-elease, he would give protection to the person and property of a man named Maxwell, of Howard county, at whose house a party of Jackrnan's men were captured last winter, in conse- quence of which Maxwell left home to avoid arrest, as he was under oath and bond. General B. having learned that Maxwell did not willingly harbor those men, but begged them to leave, stating that he was under bond and would suffer if they were known to have been at his house. This statement was corroborated by Jackman and his men. Jackman accepted the proposition, and General Bartholow was released. It is proper to say that General B.'s residence is nearly outside the town, and some distance from any other house, and the force in Glasgow at the time being small, it was impossible to picket all the roads. These are all the facts connected with the affair. General Barth- olow is now at his post in attendance upon his ordinary duties, his standing as an officer of the militia unimpeached, and his honor in no wise jeopardized by the unfortunate occurrence. His course- under the trying circumstances in which he acted, cannot but be approved by -all judicious and just persons. BATTLE AT GLASGOW. The most important engagement that occurred between the Fed- erals and Confederates during the war, in Howard county, took place at Glasgow. While General Sterling Price was making his last raid into Mis- 288 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. souri in 1864, and while he, with a portion of his forces were occupy- ing Boonville, Cooper couuty, he ordered General John B. Clark, Jr., to attack Glasgow. Clark's command consisted of his own brigade of cavalry, Marmaduke's brigade, Shelby's forces, which numbered at the time some three hundred men, and Colonel S. L. Jackman'g command, all told, about seventeen hundred men, with seven pieces of artillery. Glasgow was occupied by Colonel Chester Harding, who com- manded the 43d regiment of Missouri Volunteers. General Shelby, with one piece of artillery, commenced the attack on the morning of the 15th of October, 1864, at the dawn of day, from the western bank of the river. General Shelby moved his forces about sunrise up the eastern bank of the river, and opened a hot fire from his battery of six pieces (Major Pratt's artillery), which he stationed on the hills south of town. Shelby first directed his fire against The steamer Western Wind, which was lying at the wharf and occupied by Union soldiers. The boat was soon disabled and abandoned, when he turned his guns up- on the city hall, which was used by the Union forces as a commissary depot. Before ten o'clock a. m. the garrison defendiug the town was compelled to take to their rifle pits, which had been prepared at one of the highest points of ground in the town. The Confederates had completely surrounded the place and were closing in on the rifle pits, when the city hall was set on fire. A strong wind was blowing at the time from the northwest, and the fire was communicated to twelve or fifteen houses, which were entirely consumed with their contents. About 1 o'clock p. m. the garrison surrendered. There was fifty or sixty men killed and wounded of the Union forces, and about an equal number on the Confederate side. The prisoners were sent under an escort to Boonville, at their own request, fearing that if they remained unarmed at Glasgow, they would be killed by the guerrillas and bushwhackers. INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE. Dr. J. P. Vaughan, one of the oldest residents of Glasgow, went voluntarily out of the city during the engagement to the place where General Clark was sitting on his horse, watching the progress of the fight, to prevail upon the general if he could, to cease firing upon the city. He volunteered to be the bearer of a flag of truce, and actually returned to the city with a flag from General Clark, which he carried to the headquarters of Colonel Harding. General Clark in- j J J .; 1 i I i i HISTOKT OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 289 formed the writer that while the doctor was making his way back to the Federal commander's presence, on foot, he could occasion- ally see the dust rise from the ground, in front and upon every side of the doctor, which was thrown by bullets from guns in the rifle pits. The doctor, however, nothing daunted, delivered his message and re- turned to General Clark with Colonel Harding's answer. During the engagement a battalion of Confederates occupied the elegant residence of W. F. Dunnica, which was located about 225 yards from the rifle pits. The house had ten openings fronting the pits, which were filled with sharpshooters. Six of the soldiers were wounded in the house ; the building and furniture were greatly dam- aged, as the house was pierced by about three hundred bullets (this number being afterwards counted on the side fronting the rifle pits). QUANTRELL. After the fight, the noted guerrilla chief, Quantrell, came up to General Clark and told him that he (Quantrell) was the first man to reach the rifle pits after the surrender. The General said that he was not aware of Quantrell' s presence at any time during the engagement, but saw him afterwards. ROBBERY. On the evening of the second day, after the surrender, Quantrell, with his company of marauders, cut-throats and thieves, entered Glasgow, and sent two of his men to Mr. W. F. Dunnica's residence, commanding them to bring him to his bank (bank of Thomson & Dun- nica), which they did. After reaching the bank, Mr. Dunnica was com- pelled to unlock the bank vault and safe and deliver their contents to the thieves. Mr. Dunnica had anticipated something of the kind and had, the day before, buried $32,000, which he saved. Quantrell took all the money in the safe ($21,000) and told Mr. D. that he would conduct him home, so his men on the streets would not molest him, and did so. MASS MEETING AFTER THE WAR. At a mass meeting of the citizens of Howard county, held at the court-house in Fayette on the 5th day of March, 1866, the object of which was to indorse the restoration policy of President Johnson, and to sustain him in his veto of the freedmen's bureau bill, the follow- ing proceedings were had and resolutions adopted : — At the request of the chairman, A. J. Herndon explained the objects of the meeting in a clear and forcible manner. 290 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. A committee, consisting of I. N. Houck, G. C. Eaton and S. C. Major, of Eichmond township ; David Wilson and W. J. Talbot, of Bonne Femme ; E. P. Kirby and Jno. D. Eickets, of Moniteau; W. J. Baskett and N. G. Elliott, of Franklin ; Wesley Hyeronemus and E. H. Turner, of Boone's Lick; J. V. Bastin and A. W. Eoper, of Char- iton, and Eice Patterson and John Dysart, of Prairie, were appointed to draft resolutions expressive of the sense of the meeting. During the retirement of the committee, Colonel Joe Davis, un- der repeated calls, addressed the meeting in well-timed remarks. The meeting was also addressed by S. C. Major, Jr., and H. Clay Cockerill in support of the resolutions. The committee reported the following, which, upon motion, were unanimously adopted : Whereas, Andrew Johnson, as president of the United States, in exercise of the powers vested in him by the constitution, has re- cently sent to the senate of the United States a message vetoing the act known as the freedmen's bureau bill ; and Whereas, He has been threatened and insulted for so doing by members of the senate and house of representatives in congress, and also by the concurrent resolutions passed by the radical members of the Missouri legislature, who in that, as in other acts passed by them in the present session, are misrepresenting the known wishes of the people of the state ; and Whereas, The president, in his messages and speeches, has submitted his cause to the judgment of the people, who are his con- stituents ; therefore be it Resolved, 1st, That the message of President Johnson vetoing the freedmen's bureau bill, meets the unqualified approval of the citizens of Howard county, and we hold that no enlightened and pa- triotic citizen can fail to discover evidence of profound statesmanship and heroic fidelity to the constitution. 2d. That the system which the freedmen's bureau bill proposed to establish is radically repugnant to the principles of republican lib- erty ; that it would pauperize the negro race and tax the white race to maintain them and perpetuate the subordination of the civil to the military power. 3d. That the disfranchisement of eleven states of the union is a usurpation of power, and is calculated to fill the public mind with alarm and keep alive the passions and prejudices kindled by the war, and make chronic disloyalty on the one hand and tyranny on the other. 4th. That all legislation by congress solely affecting the eleven States which are denied representation, is unconstitutional and invalid, and should be so treated by the president of the whole country. 5th. That we denounce without stint the action of the General Assembly in condemning, by concurrent resolutions, the veto message and declaring for negro suffrage ; that it is a gross misrepresentation of the public sentiment of Missouri ; that we tender those senators HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 291 and representatives who opposed the passage of these resolutions, our warmest gratitude. 6th. That the preservation of this government depends upon the maintenance of the foregoing principles, and that we pledge our- selves to cordially co-operate with the citizens of whatever former political complexion or party, who will honestly labor for them. 7th. That we heartily approve and indorse the course of Hons. John Hogan and Thomas E. Noell, representatives in congress, for their able support of the chief magistrate in his elForts to maintain the supremacy of the constitution. 8th. That we deem radicalism as antagonistic to the principles of a republican form of government ; that taxes cannot rightfully be imposed where there is no representation. 9th. That we regard the new constitution of Missouri as objec- tionable to the people of the state, and an. infraction upon and depri- vation of the liberties of the citizens, and we pledge ourselves to use all lawful and proper means to repeal its odious provisions. 10th. That we hereby invite all good citizens to unite with us in restoring to the people of this state and nation, the liberties guaran- teed to them by the constitution of the United States. 11th. That Wm. H. Seward, secretary of state, by his co-op- eration with, and indorsement of, the acts of President Johnson, has given unmistakable evidence of patriotism and a desire for the perpe- tuity of the union of these states, and that however we may have differed with him in times past as to his political views, we tender him our thanks for the noble stand he has taken in upholding the president, and exhibiting his desire for the preservation of republican liberty. Mr. Herndon offei-ed the following, which was unanimously adopted : That we heartily indorse the course of Hon. F. P. Blair in first standing in the breach throughout the war, fighting gallantly for the union, and then in manfully and fearlessly opposing the reckless and revolutionary policy of the radicals of the country generally, and particularly of this state ; and we tender him our thanks, with a re- quest that he continue his work until the radical factionists and dis- unionists be hurled from power. On motion, it was adopted that the secretary furnish for publi- cation, a copy of these proceedings to the Howard county Advertiser, Glasgow Times and Missouri Republican. On motion, the secretary was directed to send a copy of same to President Johnson and Hon. Wm. H. Seward, secretary of state. On motion, the meeting adjourned. E. P. Graves, Chairman. H. Clay Cockerill, Secretary. October 18, 1866, there was held in Fayette an unconditional union convention, as will be seen by the notice below, for the pur- pose of making nominations for the different offices : — 292 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. UNCONDITIONAL UNION CONVENTION NOMINATION OF CANDIDATES. The unconditional union convention of Howard county assem- bled at the court-house at Fayette at 1 o'clock v. m., and was organ- ized by electing Judge E. S. Davis president, and William Selman secretary. Nomination of candidates being hi order, the following gentle- men were unanimously nominated : State superintendent of schools — T. A. Parker. Kepresentative — J. D. Keebaugh. Judges of county court — David Wilson, E. S. Davis, Larkin T. Patrick. Clerk of circuit court — John H. Lewis. Assessor — W. Con. Boon. County school commissioner — Wm. Watts. Supervisor of registration — James Andrews. The Democratic, or Conservative party had already made their nominations. The election resulted as follows : — For state superintendent common schools, J. F. Williams, 980; congress, J. M. Glover, 1,011 ; state senate, T. B. Eeed, 986 legislature, Cockerill, 618; Patterson, 375 ; sheriff, J. L. Morrison 746 ; P. M. Jackson, 454 ; county justice, Heath, 928 ; Taylor, 933 Hanna, 756 ; Minor, 277 ; circuit clerk, Stewart, '754 ; Holliday, 307 county clerk, A. J. Herndon, 1,034 ; school superintendent, T. G Deatherage, 973 ; supervisor of registration, J. D. Eicketts, 834 assessor, H. P. White, 818 ; Boon, 370 ; treasurer, T. W. Kadford, 767 ; Ewing, 269. The following is the Radical vote of the county : — Superintendent common schools, Parker, 200 ; congress, Judas P. Benjamin, 204 ; state senate, Dr. Hays, 161 ; representative, J. D. Keebaugh, 213, justices county court, D. Wilson, 214; E. S. Davis, 214; L. C. Patrick, 213; circuit clerk, J. H. Lewis, 149 ; supervisor of registration, Andrews, 210. CHAPTBE XIV. Agricultural Societies, Railroads and Miscellaneous Matters — Howard County Agricul- tural Society— Great Central Fair — Its Organization— Howard County Grange — Railroad History of Howard County — First Meeting of Citizens — First Vote — Sub- scriptions to Tebo and Neosho Railroad Company — Louisiana and Missouri River Railroad— Missouri and Mississippi Railroad — The St. Louis, Kansas City and Chi- cago Railroad — Bonded Indebtedness — Miscellaneous Matters. HOWARD COUNTY AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL SOCIETY. The above-named society was organized in the year 1852 and in- corporated in 1855, on the 28th day . of February. Rice Patterson was the first president, John F. Williams and A. J. Herndon were the succeeding presidents. The last fair was held in 1860. It was a success financially, but the war of 1861, prevented the parties inter- ested from attempting thereafter to hold another. One or two efforts have been made since the war to reorganize the society, but without success, until May 26, 1883.* The premium lists were always full, aud the prizes offered by the managers and stockholders were of such a character as to attract the attention of the farmer and the mechanic, and stir up the spirit of honest and commendable competition. GREAT CENTRAL FAIR. The above-named enterprise was inaugurated in the year 1866, the object being to hold an annual fair at Roanoke, Randolph county, Missouri, which is located on the edge of Prairie township, on the * At a meeting held in the circuit court room on Saturday, May 26th, the following action was taken in reference to county fair : Meeting called to order by the chairman. Minutes of the last meeting read and adopted. The committee on organization made their report. On motion report adopted and the following were then selected directors to serve until their successors are elected. Richmond township, R. P. "Williams, A, F. Davis, Wm. Shrafroth, Solon Smith. Moniteau township, John Hammond. Franklin township, John H. Estill. Chariton, A. W. Morrison. Prairie township, Jos. H. Finks. Boone's Lick, Stephen Cooper. Bonne Femme, Geo. J. Winn. Burton, N. A. Taylor. All present signed the articles of association and paid in fifty per cent of their subscribed stock. All papers and minutes were turned over to the board of directors. Meeting adjourned. J. H. Estill, Chairman. W. F. Mitchell, Secretary. (293) 294 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. line between Howard and Randolph counties. It was to be held under the auspices of Howard, Randolph and Chariton counties. We copy from the Howard county Advertiser: — At a meeting of the citizens of Howard, Randolph and Chariton counties, held in Roanoke on the first day of August, 1866, to take into consideration the propriety of getting up the great central fair grounds for North Missouri, William Wayland was called to the chair and W. V. Hall appointed secretary. The object of the meeting was explained in an able manner by the chairman, whereupon the follow- ing-named gentlemen were appointed as a committee to meet and draft resolutions : — James M. Richardson, Rice Patterson, W. Y. Lockridge, J. H. Patterson, Geo. M. Quinn, Alex. Denny, W. P. Phelps, W."V. Hall, W. C. Harvey, R. J. Bagby, Rector Barton, Wm. Barton, Lewis Tinnell, J. T* Wallace, Judge Henry Blake, T. P. Fristoe, Jr., W. Wayland, C. F. Wright, A. T. Prewitt, J. R. Yancey, S. Phelps, W. E. Viley, J. W. Viley, R. Gilman, J. D. Head, W. Smith, R. Samuel, G. T. Green, J. H.Austin, Hon. W. A. Hall, J. White, R. W. Thompson, Capt. John Head, H. M. Porter, Thos. Kimbrough, Judge G. W. Burckhartt, J. C: Head, R. J. Mansfield, A. J. Robert- son, J. B. Bradford, J. L. Morrison, Jas. Brooks, C. H. Stewart, John Duncan, R. Patrick, Peter Land, I. N. Houck, June Williams, A. A. Pugh, John Turner, Jr., W. J. Eddings, J. B. Thompson, D. Pankey. A. W. Morrison, Thos. Boggs, T. J. Payne, A. W. Roper, John Miller, J. G. Maupin, J. Y. Miller, N. G. Elliott, John P. Se- bree, Jas. Morrison, John Hayden, Dr. Grinstead, J. W. Harris, J. W. Cox, L. Salisbury, W. C. Hereford, P. T. Dolman, Wm. Here- ford, Eli Wayland, W. J. Harvey, Geo. Williams, W. H. Plunkett, A. Moore, Wm. White, L. M. Applegate, C. A. Winslow, H. W. Cross, T. E. Gillian, John Ewing, T. T. Elliott, J. B. Naylor, R. James, J. A. Pitts, Frank Lyman, Frank Williams, J. Crews, B: F. Harvey, G. H. Harvey. Resolved, That we meet in Roanoke on Saturday, the 18th day of August, 1866, to form a permanent organization, and that all the gentlemen named in the three counties, and all others that feel inter- ested, are most cordially invited to meet with us upon that day. Resolved, That the secretary forward a copy of the proceedings to the Brunswicker, Randolph Citizen, Glasgow Times, and the Howard county Advertiser, requesting their publication. On motion the meeting adjourned to meet again on Saturday, the 18th day of August, 1866, to form a permanent organization. W. Wayland, Chairman. W. V. Hall, Secretary. At a subsequent meeting in August, 1868, the fair was organ- ized, as will be seen from reading an account of the meeting which we take from the same paper : — HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 295 CENTRAL FAIR MEETING. At a meeting of the citizens of Howard, Randolph and Chariton counties, held on the ground selected, A. W. Morrison was called to the chair, and W. V. Hall appointed secretary. A. J. Herndon being- called upon, explained the object of the meeting. The chairman then appointed the following gentlemen to select officers for the present year. Committee : A. Moore, J. J. Grinstead and Steve Phelps, of Howard ; G. T. Greene, Woodson Newby and W. Y. Lockridge, of Randolph; N. G. Elliott, John Miller and Jas. G. Manpin, of How- ard. The meeting then adjourned for dinner, after which the meet- ing was moved to the academy, when the committee made the follow- ing report : — For president — Jas. Richardson, of Randolph. Vice-presidents — A. W. Morrison, of Howard ; Alphonso Moore, of Chariton. Secretary — W. V. Hall, of Howard. Assistant secretary — Wm. Burton, of Randolph. Treasurer — Rice Patterson, of Howard. Directors — John Miller, N. G. Elliott, J. H. Patterson, of How- ard ; J.W. Harris, Jno. P. Williams, W. J. Harvey, of Chariton ; G. T. Green, Woodson Newby, W. Y. Lockridge, of Chariton. Upon motion, a committee was appointed to get up articles of association, composed of the following gentlemen : R. S. Head, chair- man ; A. J. Herndon, W. V. Hall, Thos. Kimbrough, T. T. Elliott, E. W. Thomson and Hon. W. A. Hall; said committee to meet at Roanoke and report on the 30th day of August, 1866. By a unani- mous vote the editors of the Glasgow Times, Howard county Adver- tiser, Randolph Citizen and Brunswicker, were elected honorary mem- bers. Upon motion of N. G. Elliott, it was agreed that the directors meet at Roanoke, on the 30th day of August, to confer with the com- mittee appointed to get up tire articles of association, and to agree upon a time for holding the fair, and to attend to such other business as might come before them for immediate action. The chairman appointed J. H. Wayland, Jas. Richardson, W. Y. Lockridge, W. P. Phelps, W. V. Hall, J. H. Patterson and W. J. Harvey, a committee of arrangements. A. W. Morrison, President. W. V. Hall, Secretary. The last fair was held at Roanoke in 187—. W. H. Patterson was the last president. HOWARD COUNTY GRANGE. This organization, which was originally instituted in the inter- est of the farmer and agriculturalist, was introduced into Howard county about the beginning of the year 1874. It soon became a very 296 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. popular institution, and numbered among its patrons and members a great many farmers. Its power and influence, however, began to wane after 1877-78. Below will be found the names and locations of the granges of the county in the month of June, 1874 : — Howard Grange, No. 281; W. G. Edwards, master; Geo. C. Edwards, secretary. — Glasgow Grange, No. 944 ; G. W. Moorehead, master ; John C. Woods, secretary. Central Hill Grange, No. 1011 ; Jas. K. McDonald, master; W. W. Gray, secretary. Oakland Grange, No. 1073 ; Bird Deatherage, master ; George B. Tolson, secretary. Washington Grange, No. 1010 ; B. F. Snyder, master ; James B. Shores, secretary. Ashland Grange, No. 1316 ; J. R. Gallamore, master ; G. Heb- erling, secretary. Bonne Femme Grange, No. 1161; Owen Williams, master; James H. Feeland, secretary. Sulphur Spring Grange, No. 1159; J. W. Champion, master ; George M. Pipes, secretary. Richmond Grange, No. 1317; J. T. Smith, master; H. C. Tin- dall, secretary. Rock Spring Grange, No. 1419; Seth H. Morgan, master; John M. Elgin, secretary. New Liberty Grange, No. 1110; E. M. Grimes, master; Pat. Dysart, secretary. Sebree Grange, No. 1375 ; Henry Grigsby, master ; Joseph Carr, secretary. Elm Grange, No. 1372 ; A. J. Kirby, master; D. Morris, secre- tary. Maple Grove Grange, No. ; W. F. Cunningham, master; James Y. Miller, secretary. Richland Grange, No. ; John Tatum, master; William C. Warden, secretary. Burton Grange, No. 1194; William Creson, master; R. J. Pat- rick, secretary. Boone's Lick Grange, No. 1072; John M. Kivett, master ; M. W. Henry, secretary. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 297 Walnut Grove Grange, No. ; George G. Harvey, master ; A. C. Woods, secretary. Pleasant Hill Grange, No. ; W. A. Dudgeon, master; John H. Woods, secretary. Highland Grange, No. ; James Walker, master; J. Y. Hume, secretary. Moniteau Grange, No. 1160 ; Wade M. Jackson, master ; B. T. Jackson, secretary. Lisbon Grange, No. 1708 ; G. C. Shelton, master; Thomas A. Grider, secretary. The granges now have one co-operative store in Burton town- ship. RAILROAD HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. Scarcely had the smoke of the great civil conflict of 1861, been dissipated, when the people of Howard county, ever alive to their own interests as a people, and as a county, began to agitate the question of building a railroad, and in pursuance of their feelings, which seemed to have been almost unanimously concurred in, the following notice was given in the Howard county Advertiser of April, 1867 : — RAILROAD MEETING. There will be a meeting of the citizens of Howard county, held in Fayette, on Monday, June 3d, 1867, for the purpose of organizing a railroad company, to build a road through the county, that will be of interest to the whole county. It is to be hoped that every township in the county will be represente*d ; books of subscription will be open for the commencement of this important enterprise, which has so long been neglected. One or two small meetings had taken place, even as early as 1866, but were of no special interest and attracted no particular attention. This meeting then, of June 3d, 1867, was the real beginning of the movement, which finally culminated in the building and completion of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroad, although several other ef- forts had been made to secure other roads prior to the building of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas. The meeting, as advertised, was held at Fayette, at the court- house. It was well attended and great enthusiasm marked its pro- ceedings. John P. Sebree, Esq., was called to the chair, and stirring speeches were made by Mr. Orick, of St. Charles, Col. John L. Wil- 298 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Hams, of Macon, Thomas W. Shackelford, A. J. Herndon, J. W. Robinson, Mr. Brown. After the matter was fully discussed, the com- mittee made ,a report : — Recommending the incorporation of a company under the railroad law of the state. Also, of submitting the proposition to the people of Howard county, to build a railroad from Boonville via Fayette and Roanoke, to Moberly, said road being intersected by a branch road from Glasgow, running in the direction of Roanoke. There were other meetings, but it was not until January 6th, 1868, about eight months thereafter, that any decided steps were taken in the interest of a railroad. The Advertiser, speaking of a meeting that occurred on the 6th of January, 1868, says : — THE MEETING ON MONDAY. In pursuance of the notice, the great railroad mass meeting was held at Fayette, on Monday the 6th instant, and truly there was a grand rally, considering the sudden and unfavorable change in the weather. On motion, J. P. Sebree was elected chairman, and I. N. Houck and W. A. Thompson were made secretaries. The chairman then appointed the following gentlemen a committee to draft resolu- tions and arrange for a thorough canvass of the entire county : — For Franklin township, N. G. Elliott ; for Boone's Lick township, R. Stanley ; for Chariton township, T. Shackelford ; for Prairie town- ship, W. H. Morris ; for Bonne Femme township, W. H. Adams ; for Moniteau township, C. E. Givens ; for Richmond township, S. C. Major, Jr. The committee retired, and in their absence General John B. Clark, Sr., by request, addressed the meeting. It would be impossi- ble to report General Clark's speech in full ; he contrasted the past with the present and showed the change and improvement that had taken place. He spoke lengthily of the farming interests of the coun- ty, and showed wherein that class of men would be benefited by the railroad. He alluded to the increase in the value of the lands, and urged that their increased value would more than pay the taxes in- curred in building the road. He made quite a lengthy and telling speech and showed that he was thoroughly alive to the work of making old Howard great, rich, and prosperous, as she ought to be. Judge Tompkins, of Boonville, was then introduced, and in an earnest manner spoke of the thorough arousement of Boonville, and Cooper county, in this railroad movement. He gave us assurances of the co-operation of his people, and said that the railroad from Renick to the Missouri river would receive encouragement from every man in Boonville, and material aid as far as they were able to give it. Judge Norman Lackland, of Audrian, one of the directors of the Louisiana and Missouri river railroad, and the authorized agent of said road, took the stand and in a short speech assured the meeting of HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 299 the firm purpose of the company to build the road from Louisiana to Kansas City, and that speedily, provided the people on the proposed route would aid them. Mr. R. T. Prewitt next came forward as the champion for the railroad. He made a very stirring appeal ; hoped that before he died he would hear more stirring and thrilling music than that just dis- coursed by our excellent brass band. Mr. Prewitt's speech was kindly received and ought to have been heard by every man in the county. At this point in the proceedings the committee reported the following, as the result of their deliberations, viz. : — Resolved 1st. That we are convinced of the importance to the people of Howard county of the two railroad projects to be voted on by the people on the 21st day of January, 1868. 2d. For the purpose of eliciting a full discussion on the subject, we recommend the appointment of the following persons to act as a committee to arrange for public meetings in the different townships : — Richmond township — S. C. Major, Jr., John Duncan, E. M. Patrick, W. H. Nipper, Richard Payne, J. W. A. Patterson, J. C. Ferguson. Bonne Femme township — W. H. Adams, George Gibson, George Dougherty, E. Andrews, E. Moberly, D. Wilson, S. B. Naylor. Moniteau township — C. E. Givens, W. L. Reeves, O. C. Hern, J. D. Patton, W. M. Jackson, Bazeleel Maxwell, Wm. Peeler, J. Gilvin . Chariton township — T. Shackelford, Boyd M. McCrary, P. Bair, John Tilman, D. B. White, P. M. Land, A. W. Roper, L. F. Hay- don. Prairie township — William Hughes, W. V. Hall, J. Quinn, W. M. White, W. Gates, A. C. Tolson. Boone's Lick township — Robert Stanley, James Lewis,W. Knaus, H. Miller, J. M. Kivett, Jackson Sterns. Franklin township — N. G. Elliott, S. T. Hughes, John Lee, J. C. Moore, W. L. Baskett, W. G. Edwards, J. C. Daily, J. W. Robin- son, Colonel B. W. Stone. Mr. Shackelford spoke very earnestly, and showed himself the staunch supporter of the propositions to be submitted to a vote on the 21st instant. He urged all railroad men to vote on that day, and as- sured us that Glasgow was a unit for the roads. Mr. J. W. Robinson, of Franklin township, next came forward. He said that the subject had already been exhausted, and kindly offered to allow any anti-rail- road man to take his place on the programme. No one coming for- ward, he proceeded to address the meeting, acquitting himself with much credit ; for though the day was far spent and the crowd had been standing many hours, yet Mr. Robinson commanded the undivided at- tention of all, and met with frequent and hearty applause. L. W. Robinson, of Rocheport, being present, was called on and addressed the meeting in the interest of the people of Rocheport and that direc- tion. He favored the building of railroads in Howard county, and wished the people of this county, in case they could not succeed in the 300 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. scheme of building the roads proposed, that they would aidKocheport and Boone county, in continuing the Columbia branch of the North Missouri railroad, from Columbia via Rocheport, through Fayette to Glasgow. Mr. A. J. Herndon next addressed the meeting ; thought the crowd was already tired, and that enough had been said to convince any unprejudiced mind present. He said that all white male citizens qualified under the old law would be allowed to vote on the 21st instant, no oath being required. He said he intended to work until the last day in the evening for the success of the proposition. He said he thought the county of Howard would be better off to give a million, rather than loose the roads. At the close a resolution of thanks was tendered the Fayette cornet band, and three hearty cheers (given with a will) went up for the railroads. Well done, Howard county, — you will redeem yourself on the 21st instant, and rapidly take your place in the front ranks of the counties of the State. The county court made an order of publication, and directed an election to be held at the different voting precincts in the county, on Tuesday after the third Monday in January, 1868, to give the voters of Howard county an opportunity to vote upon the proposition of subscribing $250,000 to the capital stock of the Louisiana and Mis- souri river railroad company, and $250,000 to the Tebo and Neosho railroad company. Below we give the returns from each township : Richmond - Prairie Bonne Femme Landmark Whites' Shop Franklin Boone's Lick Chariton For. Against. 396 4» 62 12ft 156 3 78 14 21 72 159 65 30 181 374 37 1,276 54& Majority - ... . 727 Total vote, 1,825. This was the first vote upon a proposition to subscribe to the building of a railroad. It carried by such a large majority that the county court, believing that their action would be approved by the people, of their own motion made an order subscribing $750,000 to the Louisiana and Missouri river railroad and the Tebo and Neosho- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 301 railroad companies. Four hundred thousand dollars in bonds were issued to the latter, and three hundred and fifty thousand to the former. The Tebo and Neosho railroad company completed their road in 187-, and have since been operating their^cars. It is now known as the Missouri, Kansas and Texas, and is one of the branches of the Missouri Pacific railroad. The Louisiana and Missouri river railroad company constructed a road bed through the county, but never com- pleted the road, even after availing themselves of the bonds which were given them for that purpose. These bonds are now in suit in the United States supreme court. The people of Chariton township subscribed $100,000 in bonds to the Missouri and Mississippi railroad in 1870 ; the road is now known as a branch of the Wabash. The bonds have been compro- mised at 66| cents on the dollar; new bonds were issued (5-20 bonds) bearing six per cent interest and payable in twenty years. The St. Louis, Kansas City and Chicago (now leased to the Chi- cago and Alton railroad company), was built by individual stock- holders in 1879, to run from Mexico, Missouri, to Kansas City. Bonds to the amount of three millions of dollars were issued. The Chicago and Alton railroad company guarantee the interest on the bonds, and pay a certain per cent of the gross earnings of the mad. The Chicago and Alton road have a perpetual lease. Below will be found a short, but full and comprehensive state- ment of the bonded indebtedness of the county : — BONDED INDEBTEDNESS. Sixteen eight per cent ten year bonds of $1,000 each, issued De- cember 1, 1869, and seventy-three eight per cent ten year bonds of $1,000 each, issued November 3, 1871, to aid in the construction of the Tebo and Neosho railroad, interest payable semi-annually at Bank of Commerce, New York. Thirty-seven eight per cent ten year bonds of $1,000 each, issued September 1, 1870; fifty-seven eight per cent ten year bonds issued March 1, 1871 ; eighty-four eight per cent ten year bonds issued June 1, 1871, and forty-nine eight per cent ten year bonds issued September 1, 1871, to aid in the construction of the Louisiana and Missouri river railroad, interest payable annually at Bank of Commerce, New York. All these bonds are in litigation and the interest is not promptly paid; interest and sinking fund tax of fifty cents on $100 valuation levied for Tebo and Neosho bonds, nothing for bonds issued to Louisi- ana and Missouri river railroad. (21) 302 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. CHARITON TOWNSHIP. Thirty-three eight per cent fifteen year bonds of $1,000 each, issued July 1, 1869, to aid in the construction of the Missouri and Mississippi railroad, interest payable annually at Bank of Commerce, New York. Fifty-nine six percent 5-20 bonds of $1,000 each, issued January 1, 1880, in compromise and redemption of bonds issued to the Mis- souri and Mississippi railroad company, interest payable annually at the banking house of Bartholow, Lewis & Co., St. Louis. The interest is promptly paid on the funding compromise bonds ; interest and sinking fund tax of fifty cents levied on $100 valuation ; interest not paid on $33,000 in bonds issued to the Missouri and Mis- sissippi railroad. Howard county does not owe one dollar aside from the railroad debt. The current expenses of the county during the past ten years, have averaged about $17,000 per annum. The railroad debt is small ; even if the county and townships have the entire amount — approxi- mately about $400,000 — to pay, it will not affect the financial condi- tion of the county. MISCELLANEOUS. Population of Howard county in 1860 - 15,946 Population of Howard county in 1870 17,233 Population of Howard county in 1880 18,428 POPULATION BY TOWNSHIPS, 1880. Bonne Femme - - 1,786 Boone's Lick - - - 2,008 Chariton, including Glasgow 4,006 Glasgow city - - 1,841 Franklin, including Franklin town 1,938 Moniteau - 2,499 Prairie, including Armstrong village 2,585 Armstrong village - 76 Koanoke town - - 215 Richmond, including Fayette city 3,606 Fayette city ... _ i ? 247 Population by race in 1880, white, 13,197 ; colored, 5,231. Population by nativity in 1880, native, 17,954 ; foreign, 474. Born in the state 14,499 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 303 Born in Illinois --_._. 245 Bom in Kentucky - - - 1,060 Born in Ohio - - 343 Born in Tennessee - - 135 Born in Indiana - - - 158 Born in British America - 48 Born in England and Wales - 29 Born in Ireland - - 98 Born in Scotland 24 Born in German Empire - 220 Born in France - - - - - 9 Born in Sweden and Norway - 20 Number of farms .... - 1,926 Number of acres of improved land - - 198,601 Value of farms, including land, fences and buildings - $4,448,883 Value of farming implements and machinery - 190,326 Value of live stock - 1,001,988 Cost of building and repairing fences in 1879 - 49,301 Cost of fertilizers purchased in 1879 - - 10,645 Estimated value of all farm productions (sold, consumed or on hand) for 1879 - - 1,048,077 PRINCIPAL VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS, 1880. Buckwheat, bushels - - 1,039 Indian corn, bushels - -1,770,520 Oats, bushels ... - 164,155 Rye, bushels - 12,018 Wheat, bushels - - - 308,934 Value of orchard products - $21,434 Hay, tons - - 8,440 Potatoes, Irish, bushels - - 21,385 Potatoes, sweet, bushels 2,839 Tobacco, pounds - - 604,794 LIVE STOCK AND ITS PRODUCTIONS. Horses - - - - 6,716 Mules and asses - - 3,153 Working oxen - - - 12 Milch cows - 5,851 Other cattle - - 11,719 304 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Sheep - - - - - - 18,622 Swine ... - - 53,877 Wool, pounds - - - 138,235 Milk, gallons - - ■ 1,410 Butter, pounds - - 304,408 Cheese, pounds - - 1,934 MANUFACTURES. > Number of establishments - 44 Capital - - -.____- $96,950 Average number of hands employed, males above sixteen - 100 Children and youths ... - 3 Total amount paid in wages during the year - - $ 25,980 Materials - - - - 165,730 Products -, - - 234,431 ASSESSED VALUATION. Real estate - - $2,780,957 Personal property - - 1,897,419 Total - - $4,678,376 TAXATION. State ... . _ $18,733 County _ 23,392 City, town, village and school district - - 21,956 Total - - $64,061 LOCAL DEBT OF HOWARD COUNTY. Bonded debt - - -' $402,100 Gross debt - . . 402,100 Sinking fund - _ _ 921 Net debt - ... . 401,179 1882. Revenue fund - . . $10,977.85 Interest fund - . 8,461.85 State school money -----_. 3 987.51 Glasgow registered bonds, seven per cent, 5-10 years funding - 5,100.00 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 305 REAL ESTATE ASSESSED. No. of acres (1881) - - 288,550 Average value per acre - - $9.40 Valuation ... . . $2,713,160 No. of town lots - - 1,658 Average value - - $ 4,276 Valuation - - - - 70,900 Total valuation, real estate - 2,784,060 Total taxable wealth, real and personal - - 4,898,352 Taxable wealth for 1882 ------ 4,987,585 Collections from merchants and manufacturers (1881) 763.55 Ad valorem taxes and licenses collected - 732.92 Collections from back taxes (1881) - - 1,618.58 Commissions on taxes of 1881 - - 620.90 No. of dramshops in the county (1882) - - 11 No. of wine and beer saloons ----- 4 Rate of state license paid for six months by dram shop keepers $ 25.00 Rate of county license - 125.00 Rate of state license for wine and beer saloons, twelve months ------- 25.00 Rate of county license for wine and beer saloons, twelve months ------- 25.00 Amount of state licenses and ad valorem taxes paid by dram-shop keepers for year ending July, 1882 - 626.45 Amount of county licenses and ad valorem taxes paid by dram-shop keepers for year ending July, 1882 3,027.55 Amount of state licenses and ad valorem taxes, same period, wine and beer ----- 132.09 County license for wine and beer, same period - - 132.09 Total amount paid for all ----- $3,918.18 No. of dram-shops in Fayette (1882) - - - 8 License every six months - - 50.00 Amount paid by saloons (1882) - - - 742.87 Amount paid for wine and beer - - 51.00 Total amount paid by saloons $793.87 306 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. TAXES LEVIED, 1882, FOR STATE AND COUNTY PURPOSES. State taxes - ... ,40 County revenue - - - .40 County interest - - - - .50 Eoad tax, county - - - .10 t i Total levy state and county - - $1.40 Average school tax ---- ... ,50 AMOUNT PAID FOR BOARD OF PRISONERS, 1882. For felony cases - - $ 197.78 Misdemeanors ----- - _ 342.50 Total amount paid for costs in criminal cases - - $1,945.63 Cost of transporting prisoners ------ $83.15 CHAPTER XV. POLITICAL HISTORY. Politics in the Early History of the County — Early Candidates for Office— Their Methods and Devices — Travelling Together Over the County — Prom 1816 to 1860, no Political Conventions — Two first Elections — Elections of 1838, 1844, 1846, 1848, 1851, 1868, 1872, 1874, 1875,1876, 1878, 1880, 1882 — Howard County's Influence in Politics — What the St. Louis Evening News said — The Leaders of the Whig and Democratic Parties — The County Generally Democratic — Henry Clay Carried the County in 1844 — Harri- son's Election — The Campaign — The .Result — Whigs Give a Grand Ball — Political Rhymers and Poets — Parody — Difficulty Between General John B. Clark and Claiborne F. Jackson — The Former Challenges the Latter to Fight a Duel — The Correspond- ence Between Them. " There is a mystery in the soul of state, Which hath no operation more divine Than breath or pen can give expression to." From 1810 to 1830, or during the first twenty years of the county's history, party politics wielded but a slight influence in the local government of the county. While it is true that many of the first settlers, from the eai'liest days, possessed well-defined political views and tenets, and were thoroughly partisan upon all questions pertaining to national or state elections, an indefinite number of candi- dates were usually permitted to enter the race for the respective county offices, and the one possessed of superior personal popularity generally led the field and passed under the wire in advance of all opponents. In the early days it was not at all unusual to meet the energetic candidate for the sheriff's office, the treasurer's office, or the candidate who aspired to represent the people in the state legislature, astride his horse, going from settlement to settlement to meet with the voters of his county at their own firesides, to sleep beneath their humble roofs, and sup with them at their family boards, to compliment their thrifty housewives, and to kiss the rising generation of little ones. The historian would not dare draw upon his imagination to sup- ply the stock of rich, rare and racy anecdotes, moulded and circulated by these ingenious canvassers, or to describe the modes and methods by them adopted to increase their popularitv with the people. There (307) 308 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. was then no press, as now, to perpetuate daily events as they trans- pired. Many of the manoeuvres and capers, successes and failures, with their pleasures and sorrows, of sixty and more years ago, in this county, are hidden from us by the shadows of time. Darkness inter- venes between us, and many sayings and doings of bygone days, which, could we but penetrate that darkness and gather them in, would shine out upon the pages of this history " like diamond set-, tings in plates of lead." In vain have we tried through the lens of individual recollection to ferret them out. We could not do it. Our discouraged fancy dropped the pencil and said 'twas no use. We could not paint the picture. A little consolation may be found in these lines : — " Things without all remedy Should be without regard; what's done is done." In some of these early campaigns the various candidates for a single office, and sometimes those running for the different county offices, would travel together from settlement to settlement throughout the county. Every camp meeting, log-raising, shooting match, and even horse race, occurring in the county during the season preceding election, was a favorite resort for the electioneer, and every honorable device was adopted by each candidate to develop his full strength at the polls. For many years after the settlement of the county, no political conventions were held in the county, and the result was that a num- ber of candidates entered the race for the same office. We shall not attempt to give the election returns in the county during the entire period of its political existence, but will give the results as far as we can. The first election that was held in the county occurred in 1819, for delegates to congress. The successful candidates were John Scott and Samuel Hammond. The second election was held in 1820, for the purpose of electing five delegates to the convention to frame a state constitution. Benjamin H. Reeves, N. S. Burckhartt, Duff Green, John S. Findley and John Ray were elected: ELECTION OF 1838. For congress — Harrison (Federalist) - - - - 886 Miller " 881 Allen (Whig) - - 671 Wilson " 642 Election of 1840 we mention further on in this chapter. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 309 1844. Benton Ticket. Anti-Benton Ticket. Governor. Edwards - - - 981 Allen 908 Lieutenant-Governor . Young - - - 975 Almond - - 897 Congress. Price .... 979 Sims - - 831 Parsons - 855 Hudson - 824 Bowlin ... 978 Boone 819 Relfe - - - - 982 Thornton - - 817 Phelps - -- - 980 Jones - 819 Leonard (Whig) for state senate, - - - 953 Bawlins (Dem.) ""<<-. ... 963 Davis (Whig), house of representatives, - - 974 Woods " "«"----.- 964 C. F. Jackson (Dem.) " " ... 960 C- Jackson «»«<»« . ... 958 1846. Green, for congress, - ... 903 Miller, " 873 Jackson was chosen representative. 1848. Austin A. King received 991 votes for governor, J. S. Rollins 879 ; T. L. Price, 984 votes for lieutenant-governor ; J. S. Green, 990 votes for congress ; C. F. Jackson for state senator, 986, J. B. Clark, 862; H. W- Smith for representative, 973; John Dysart, 862. 1851. F«r supreme judges — William Scott, 482; John F. Ryland 135 ; H. R. Gamble, 448 ; William B. Napton, 392 ; Peyton R. Hay- den, 414; Philip Williams, 5; William T. Wood, 273; Charles Jones, 6; Priestly H. McBride, 111. For judge circuit court, William A. Hall, 727. ELECTION 1868. For President and Vice-President United /States: — ' Seymour and Blair , . - - - 1206 Grant and Colfax -163 J. F. Williams, congress, ---- - 1256 310 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. A. F. Denny, congress, ... ... 163 G. H. Burckhartt, circuit judge, - - - 1270 J. D. Keebaugh " <<--_- 166 S. C. Major, Jr., circuit attorney, - - 1108 George Quinn " "... - - 158 T. B. Bead, state senator, - .... 1269 Geo. McCullough " - - - 142 L. A. Brown, representative, - 1265 Rice Patterson, sheriff, ______ 1277 H. P. White, assessor, - - - 1265 J. M. Beid, treasurer, - - - 1269 M. A. Taylor, judge county court, _____ 1231 S. C. Major, public administrator, - 1265 Joshua T. Allen, surveyor, ------ 1238 T. G. Deatherage, superintendent public schools, - - 1270 J. D. Pickets, superintendent of registration, - - 1269 J. M. Pierce, Coroner, - - - - - 1253 election 1872. For President and Vice-President United States : — Greeley and Brown - - - - 1972 Grant and Hamlin - - - 873 John B. Clark, Jr., congress, - - - 2008 Mark L. Demoth " ------ 856 James M. Bean, state senator, --_-__ 2017 Wm. J. Ferguson " " - - 858 John Walker, representative, - - 2003 James D. Keebaugh <<---- 847 John M. Hickman, judge county court, - 2023 John McConley " " " - - - - 847 William O. Burton, sheriff, - - " - 1879 P. W. Land " - 806 C. E. Burckhartt, collector, - - - - 2022 Thomas Ward " - - - 837 J. M. Reid, county treasurer, - - - - 2016 L. C. Patrick " " ... 851 Harrison Cross, assessor, - - 2020 E. S. Davis " - 845 J. H. Robertson, county attorney, - 1988 J. B. Harriston, superintendent public schools, - - 2018 David Wilson " " " 842 S. C. Major, public administrator, - - - - 2023 Jesse R. Evans " " - 837 H. C. Shields, county surveyor, - 2018. Harrison Morris " " - _ 848 Jim Williams, coroner, --_-___ 2742 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 311 ELECTION 1874. John B. Clark, Jr., congress, - - 1840 George H. Burckhartt, state senator, - 1774 R. B. Caples " " - 1807 H. C. Cockerill " «« ... 14 G. W. Moorehead, representative, - - - 1787 Ignatius Naylor " - - IS W. W. Cockerill, registrar, ----- 355 C. E. Burckhartt, county collector, - - - 1876 V. J. Leland, sheriff, - - - 1859 James Wildhart " - - - - - 14 Jacob Fisher, county treasurer, - - - - - 1817 Joseph H. Finks, clerk of circuit court, - - 1907 Wm. A. Dudgeon " " " - 25 Win. H. Moss, county assessor, - 1802 Joseph Eobinson " " - 14 B. H. Tolson, judge of county court, 1728 J. R. Shepherd " " " - 17 SPECIAL ELECTIONS 1875. For Member Constitutional Convention January 26, 1875. H. M. Porter 451 A. M. Alexander - - - - - 454 A. J. Herndon - - - 35 L. A. Brown -------- 63 John Walker - 45 Henry Fort - - - - 14 HELD MAT 4, 1875. For Member Constitutional Convention. Thomas Shackelford - 962 Burckholder - 86 NOVEMBER, 1876. For President and Vice-President United States : — Tilden and Hendricks - - - - - 2372 Hayes and Wheeler - - 1048, ELECTION 1878. , John B. Clark, Jr., congress, ------ 2339 M. L. Demoth <<____ 1 Jo. H. Finks, representative, - - - 2339 312 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. L. A. Brown, representative, - - 859 W. C. Knaus, circuit clerk, - - - - 2308 I. N. Houck " 835 S. B. Cunningham, county clerk, - - - 3085 John R. Galletnore, assessor, ------ 2269 J. H. Feland " - - 942 Stephen Cooper, collector, - - - 2202 W. B. Strode, " - - 990 N. B. Cooper, sheriff, - ... - 1227 J. Y. Miller « - - - - 949 J. FisheY, county treasurer, - - - 3195 J. T. Smith, probate judge, - - 3146 J. H. Robertson, prosecuting attorney, - - 2164 G. A. Perkins " " 921 R. W. Engart, coroner, - - - 3095 C. J. Walden, " 63 John M. Hickerson, presiding justice county court, - - 3126 R. A. Rowland, judge county court, first district, - 1246 E. L. Davis, " " "««»«« - 194 M. Markland " " " second district - 480 election 1880. For President and Vice-President United States : — Hancock and English - - - 2047 Garfield and Arthur - 1166 John B. Clark, congress, - - - 2037 James C. Heberling " - - - - - -1452 George H. Burckhartt, circuit judge, ----- 2305 Walter A. Martin, " " - - 1051 Owen T. Qouse, state senator, - - ■ - 2115 George W. Smiser " " - 947 Joshua R. Benson " " - 450 Samuel C. Major, representative, - - - . - 1922 James H. Boggs " - - - - 1301 Stephen Cooper, collector, - - - 2199 Robert T. Kingsbury «---_- 1341 Jacob Fisher, treasurer, - - - - 3508 Nestor B. Cooper, sheriff, - - - - - 2182 Boyd M. McCrary " - - 1368 Robert C. Clark, prosecuting attorney, - - 2119 Green A. Perkins " "• - 1345 John P. Gallemore, assessor, - - - 2229 William D. Warden " - - - - 1294 Willard W. Cloyd, surveyor, - - 2227 Thomas Owings, public administrator, - 2161 Jos. Hackensmith " " - 1363 Von Q. Bonham, coroner, - - 2194 Wm. M. Crawford " - - 1340 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 313 ELECTION 1882. John Cosgrove, congress, - ■ ... 1738 W. C. Aldridge " - _ 1268 H. W. Cockrell, representative, - - - 1862 W. D. Jackson " . 1106 H. C. Tindall, clerk county court, - - 1866 G. H. Wallace " " " " - H33. V. J. Leland, sheriff, - _ 1831 J. H. Feland " - - 1155 N. B. Cooper, collector, - 1820 G. W. Cason " - - - 1171 R. C. Clark, prosecuting attorney, - - 1798 J. H. Eobertson " " - 1159 H. A. Norris, presiding judge county court,- - - 1774 J.C.Woods " " " " - 1219 George J. Winn, judge first district circuit court, - - 1037 B.F.Robinson " " " " " 521 John C. Lee " second" " " 778 J.W. Boggs " " " " " - 669 J. T. Smith, judge of probate, - 1881 Thomas Ward " " - - - - 1126 Wm. A. Dudgeon, county treasurer, .- 1829 M. Lehman " " 1172 H. K. Givens, coroner, - - 1824 J. T. Bailey " - - 1196 Hamp. B. Watts, assessor, - - - 1785 B. M.McCrary " ... . 1223 Howard county tor many years,, even as late as the war of 1861, wielded more power in politics than any other county in Missouri. In reference to this fact, the St. Louis Evening News, of June 3, 1852, says : — Howard county, in this state, has for a good while been regarded as a sort of Delphic region in the matter of politics, especially with the democratic party of Missouri. There are long heads and shrewd fingers in old Howard, and the democratic politicians there "know the ropes ' ' and pull the wires about as skilfully as any other men in the country. The whigs of that county are likewise extremely "well-developed" in all that pertains to a masterly vindication of the principles of good government. They may be defeated now and then, by a philistine, who plows with a locofoco heifer, but they never lose the spirit and courage, which a consciousness of right always gives to men of true chivalry. The Jefferson City scheme was concerted iu Howard county, and a very pretty dead-fall it has proved to manj' scores of the truest sort of Benton democrats. The " milliners " about Fayette, are the old regency of Missouri, and they planned the Jefferson City 314 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. "slaughter-house," with the sole purpose of taking the hide and tallow from the friends of the ex-senator of Missouri. They succeeded pretty well — we may say, admirably well. They got what they went for. But they have got rather more than they wanted. They have got the hoofs and horns of the Missouri bull — right after him. Any one who has been made to quake by the unearthly bellowings of a herd of cattle, who have come upon the scene of the murder and spilt blood of one of their comrades, can appreciate the terror that Benton, and the Benton line of the old Jacksonian democracy, will soon send into the ranks of the butchers who slew so many of the honored members of that family at Jefferson City. That Howard county wielded more influence in politics than any other county in the state, from 1825 to 1860, there can be but little doubt, and, when we consider the number, character, and intellectual calibre of her politicians and prominent men, we are not at all sur- prised that this statement is true of the period named. Such men as General John B. Clark, Sr., Governor C. F. Jackson, Governor John G. Miller, Colonel Joseph Davis, Colonel James H. Birch, Judge Abiel Leonard, and a score of other men, scarcely less able and dis- tinguished, would have been conspicuous anywhere as leaders of men aud champions of a great cause. The democratic party has been the predominant party in politics, but occasionlly, the whig candi- date, because of his popularity, would succeed in representing the county in the general assembly. The difference between the two parties, at some of the early presidential elections was not very great. In 1844, Henry Clay carried the county by forty-four votes. Take for instance the presidential election of William Henry Harrison, in the year 1840. That was one of the most exciting, and perhaps the most hotly contested of all elections that ever occurred in Howard county. The campaign for the whigs, was in the hands of Judge Leonard, General John B. Clark, Sr., Colonel James H. Birch, and others who were ably supplemented by the Boone's Lick Times, an aggressive and wide-awake paper, edited at the time by Cyril C. Cady. The democratic party was led by Claiborne F. Jackson, John G. Miller, Governor Boggs, and others, and supported by the Boone's Lick Democrat, which was also a strong and influential paper, and devoted to the cause of its party. The campaign was opened in the spring of 1840, at Fayette, when General Clark and Colonel Birch addressed a meeting of whigs. In May following, a Tippecanoe club was organized with Major Gerard Bobinson for president. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 315 The election resulted as follows in Howard county. Whigs marked thus *. Others Democrats. For Governor. —Clark,* 789 ; Keynolds, 892 ; Bogy, 781 ; Mar- maduke, 887. For Congress. — Samuel* 780; Sibley, 781; Edwards, 891; Miller, 890. State Senate. — Cooper,* 755; Rawlins, 871. House of Representatives. — Birch,* 748; Kring,* 748; An- derson,* 748; Jackson,* 741; Peeler, 886; Bouldin, 876; Jack- son, 859 ; Redman, 847. Although the whigs were defeated in Howard county, they felt so happy over the result of the election of General Harrison , that on the 5th of December following, a grand ball was given at Fayette in honor of the victory and called the " Harrison ball." The floor managers upon that occasion, were Judge Leonard, Colonel Davis, George W. Given, W. T. Tyler, L. Bumgardner, D. Kunkle, J. T. Cleveland, George W. Ward, C. P. Brown, and others. During Harrison's campaign, there were a greater number of po- litical rhymers and poets than ever before or since known in similar campaigns. There was hardly a paper issued that did not contain one or more eulogistic or denunciatory poems on the candidates for the presidential office. In the Boone's Lick Times of 1840, a parody on the poem entitled Hohenlinden , was written for that paper by a local poet, and being an ingenius production, we here reproduce a portion of it : — On the Wabash when the sun was low, In ambush lay the hidden foe, And dark as winter was the flow Of Wabash, rolling rapidly. But Harrison saw another sight, When the drum beat at dead of night, Commanding fires of death to light The darkness of the scenery. By torch and trumpet fast arrayed, Bach freeman drew his battle blade, And furious every charger neighed, To join the dreadful revelry. ****** See Harrison rush from place to place. While smoke and fire begirt his face, To crush the assaulters of his race, With Kentucky's gallantry. ****** Hark! how the falling foes retreat, Bold Harrison's victory is complete, And every turf's a winding sheet, Of, some Indian warrior. 316 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. While there was much rejoicing among the whigs of Howard county over the result, there had grown out of the contest a bitter al- tercation between GeneralJohn B. Clark, Sr., and Governor C. F. Jackson, which was occasioned by Governor Jackson giving publicity to a private letter written by General Clark, to Colonel James H. Birch. Below we give the correspondence in full, in reference to the matter, which almost ended in a duel. Fayette, September 14, 1840. Sir : In the course of a correspondence respecting a letter purporting to have been written to me by General John B. Clark, from Versailles, on the 9th of July last, and published in the Demo- crat of the 9th instant, I have been referred to you as having furnished it to the gentleman who caused it to be published. My right to de- mand, not only its restoration, but to be informed when, where, and in what manner you became possessed of that letter, will, of course, be recognized at your earliest convenience. Respectfully, Your obedient servant, J. H. Birch. Fayette, September 16, 1840. Mr. James H. Birch: Sir : Your letter of the 14th instant in relation to General Clark's letter addressed to you from Versailles, on the 9th of July last, has been received. That letter was found by me with some other papers in my house, some two weeks after the close of our late election. Whether it fell in my possession by an exchange of saddle-bags, or was placed in my own saddle-bags by mistake, is a matter that I do not know, and cannot determine. The saddle-bags which I was using at the time were borrowed, and I am not informed sufficiently to determine more explicitly, how this letter came into my possession, than above stated. That letter is still in the possession of the editor of the Democrat, as you have already been informed by C. F. Jackson, Esq., and can be had at any time when applied for, and by leaving with the editor a written statement acknowledging its authenticity. Respectfully, Owen Rawlins. Fayette, September 11, 1840. C. F. Jackson, Esq.: Sir : Your name having been surrendered by the editor of the Democrat, as the author of a communication which appeared in that paper on Wednesday last, over the signature of " Anti-Fraud," I em- brace the earliest practicable moment to call your attention to the im- putations which it seems to convey, in derogation of my personal honor. Desiring, nevertheless, in a matter of so much delicacy, that you should have an opportunity of reviewing those strictures and frankly HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 317 stating whether they were either originally intended to convey such imputations, or are, from your subsequent reflections, justified either by the tenor of my alleged letter to Colonel Birch, or in any other act of mine, I have requested Colonel Birch to wait upon you with this note, and ask you to mention the time against which I may be favored with a reply. Respectfully yours, John B. Clark. Fayette, September 12, 1840. Sir: Your note of yesterday, by Colonel Birch, has been re- ceived. If there be any particular part or parts of the communication in question which, in your opinion, reflects on your " personal honor," and you will point them out, they will be considered, and such reply given as the facts in the case may warrant. I take this occasion to re- mark, that I cannot consent to receiving any further communications from you by the hands of Col. Birch, connected with this subject. The relation which he bears to the matter under consideration, in my opinion renders it improper. Very respectfully, C. F. Jackson. General John B. Clark. Fayette, September 12, 1840. Sir : If my note of yesterday be of doubtful or uncertain con- struction, it resulted either from the imperfection of our language or my incapacity to adapt it to the purpose intended. By recurring to that note, you will discover that my object was to call your attention to the communication signed " Anti-Fraud," and to know of you if you intended by that communication, or any part of it, to reflect on my personal honor. If so, it was further designed to suggest to you a review of those strictures, and then to demand of your candor whether the tenor of my alleged letter to Colonel Birch, or any act of mine, justified such imputation. Being thus in possession of my ob- ject and purposes, and perceiving no further reason for suspending your reply, I shall await its reception at your earliest convenience. The suggestion you have made, concerning the double relation by which Colonel Birch has been thus far connected with this transaction, coupled with the more ample explanation of your friend, Dr. Scott, relieves that gentleman from any embarrassment in declining the fur- ther prosecution of a duty, which he reluctantly assumed in the first instance, at my reiterated solictaition. Respectfully, John B. Clark. C. F. Jackson, Esq. Fayette, September 12, 1840. Sir : I have received your note of this date by the hands of Mr. Leonard.* Personally, I have naught against you, and have not sought to make an attack upon your "personal honor." My object in writing the article published in the last Democrat, signed, " Anti- * Judge Abiel Leonard. (22) 318 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Fraud," was to expose the political fraud which, I consider, had been put under way to deceive the Democratic party, and in that matter my views remain wholly unchanged. Very respectfully, C. F. Jackson. General John B. Clark. Fayette, September 14, 1840. Sir : Your note of the 12th, was received late on Saturday evening'. It is wholly unsatisfactory. I therefore demand of you a personal interview. My friend, Mr. Leonard, is authorized to arrange all necessary preliminaries on my part, with the understanding that if other engagements should withdraw him before its final adjustment, another gentleman will be substituted in his place. Yours, John B. Clark. C. F. Jackson, Esq. Fayette, September 14, 1840. Sir : I have a few moments since received your note of this date. The interview demanded can be had. My friend, Dr. Scott, is now absent ; on his return he will attend to arranging the prelimina- ries necessary on my part. Yours, etc., C. F. Jackson. Fayette, September 15, 1840. Sir: In compliance with the note of my friend C. F. Jackson, Esq., of yesterday, I herewith enclose you the terms, the time and place, that my friend proposes to give General Clark in the interview invited by him. 1. The parties to meet at six o'clock to-morrow morning, within one mile of the town of Fayette, the place to be selected by you and myself this evening. 2. The parties to be armed with rifles, with calibres to carry balls weighing not less than fifty-six to the pound. 3. The distance to be seventy yards. 4. The parties to take their stations in the position of "present arms." 5. After the parties shall have taken their respective stations, the word "fire" shall be given immediately, after which the words "one," " two" "three" shall be given, and between the words "fire " and " three," the parties shall fire ; the giving of the word to be balloted for by you and myself. 6. No persons to be admitted upon the grounds except the sec- onds and surgeons. Respectfully, C. R. Scott. A. Leonard, Esq. Fayette, September 15, 1840. Dear Sir: I have no objection to the terms proposed in your letter to me of this evening, with the exception of the " place." HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 319 I cannot consent to advise my friend to meet Mr. Jackson at any place in this state. So far as the knowledge of the practice of this state in matters of this kind extends, the place proposed is unusual and without precedent. Such a meeting would subject both principal and friends to penalties and inconveniences that may be readily avoided by a meeting elsewhere. I hope, therefore, that it will meet your views to name a place not liable to the objections suggested. Yours respectfully, A. Leonard. Dr. C. R. Scott. Fayette, September 15, 1840. Sir: I have noted the contents of your note of this day's date, and cannot consent to any alteration in the place of meeeting pro- posed in my former communication. Respectfully yours, C. R. Scott. A. Leonard. to the public. I pronounce Claiborne F. Jackson a cold-blooded slanderer, a reclainiless scoundrel and a blustering coward, the truth of which I pledge myself to establish the moment my engagements will permit me sufficient leisure. I will take the same occasion to render to my fellow-citizens the most ample explanation in relation to a letter alleged to" have been written by me to Colonel Birch, on the 9th of July last. John B. Clark. Wednesday, September 16, 1840. CHAPTEE XVI. PHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL FEATURES. The area of Howard county is about 463 square miles, with a frontage on the Missouri river on the west and south of thirty-four miles. It originally consisted nearly altogether of timber, with two small upland and two bottom prairies, which have long since been under tribute to the husbandman. The bluffs near Glasgow rise to a height of 260 feet above average water mark in the Missouri ; and this probably is about the general elevation of the highlands through- out the county. The river bluffs at the western border of the coun- ty, are steep and sometimes perpendicular, but on the southern border are more gentle. The streams often pursue their way 150 feet below the tops of the ridges, and the valleys are connected with the ridges by long and very easy slopes. The southern portion of the county is not as hilly as some other districts. We have near the Missouri some steep bluffs with white oak growth. Near the Bonne Femme and south of Fayette for several miles extending to the Missouri bluffs, is a tract of rich, rolling, heavily timbered land, including many varieties of excellent timber, such as white, red and rock chestnut oak, black walnut, elm, hickory » white walnut, ash and linden. Southeastwardly from Fayette, is a similar country, and also westwardly, to Glasgow, but here it is more hilly. Towards Boonsboro, and west, an occasional sharp and crooked ridge occurs, covered with a heavy growth of chiefly white oak. The northwestern part of the county sustains a growth of timber similar to that lying south, but the country is not so hilly, and in fact, the slopes are quite gentle. The northeastern part of the county is broken and hilly, and sustains chiefly a growth of white and post oak. Black and white walnut are very abundant, being very common over most of the county. Blue ash and sassafras abound, this county being almost the western limit of the former in north Missouri. The spice bush (Laurus benzoin), is common on the Missouri bottoms, hut dog-wood (Cornus florida), is rare, and is not probably found (320) HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 321 further west. Many of the trees on the ridges, including walnut, white oak, red oak and rock chestnut oak, attain a great size. One of the latter measured thirteen feet three inches in circumference, three feet above the ground. This tree was on the Missouri bluffs ; in the bottoms, Cottonwood, elm and sycamore grow to a very large size. The principal streams in the eastern part of the county, are Mon- iteau creek (Manitou) with its tributaries, and Bonne Femme. This last rises about the middle of township 52, range 15 west, and flowing in a southerly direction, empties into the Missouri about three miles below Boonville, Cooper county. The principal tributary of Moniteau creek in this county, is Hunger's Mother,* which heads in the north- west part of township 51, range 14 west; and the principal one of Bonne Femme is Salt Fork, rising in the southeastern part of town- ship 52, range 15, and flowing southwest empties into the Bonne Femme in the northwest quarter of section 30, township 51, range 15. Other streams flowing southward, are Salt Creek and Sulphur Creek, and those running westward, are Richland, Hurricane, Gregg's and Bear creeks and Doxy's Fork. They all run into the Missouri, and some of the smaller ones on entering the bottom, waste their waters on the flats and are lost. * This stream, it is said, received its name from a party of hunters, early settlers, who were hunting bears, and meeting with no success, got out of meat on this creek. Bad weather came upon them, and they were prevented from hunting, and threatened with star- vation. They therefore christened the creek "Hunger's Mother." LIST OF COAL BANKS. In the following list there are many localities given at which the coal is too thin to work, but it must be remembered that the coal beds mentioned are only those that are exposed or very near the sur- face at each locality. Except in the cases where the lowest coal (E) is mentioned, there is every probability of finding a thicker bed by sinking shafts. Coal is found in every township, and in some of them, in nearly every section. 322 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Owueb. Q. F. Beach.... S. T. Garner.. B. M. McCrary.. S. Garvin Hatfield. Mrs. Hackley . Pierce.... Mrs. Howard . Judge McCafferty., Judge McCafferty. T.B.Harris M. Reynolds James "Ware Pattison Rice Pattison James Sperry Richard Lee Dr. "Walker , James McDonalds.. Barton* Locality. Section. S. E. 25 20 22 N. E. 15 N. E. 11 4 28 26 7 S. E. 7 N. E. 10 N.W.27 N. pt. 17 S. E. 17 N. pt. 16 20 N. E. 2 S. W.35 16 S.E.9 N.W.17 S. "W.? 17 S.E S. "W.22 S.E. i 24 N. W. 29 S. W. 5 S. E. 34 Coal. c m Inches. 9? 12 12 15 20 15 18 to£ ? 22 17 2 12 9 13 10 ? Remarks. "Worked or not. Not worked at present - covered. Not worked. Has been worked by local smiths. Has been worked. Near Garvin's, and is worked. Covered; worked exten- sively at one time. Not worked. " " (has been). "Worked but little. "Worked for domestic use. Not worked. This is at the Bonne Fem- me bridge, on the Pay- ette and Rocheport road. Worked but little. Covered ; has been worked. Has been worked ; covered. This was covered ; has been worked. * Mr. B.'s coal was covered, and its position relative to the general section could not be ascer- tained. Everything was in a confused state. Masses oi sandstone No. 1, and of the rhomboidal limestone were found, but they appear to have been transported by water. The coal is found in a valley running north and south, with the Burlington limestone on one side and the coal on the other. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 323 Owner. McCafferty... M. Reynolds.. J. Tatums., Powell Grigsby William Daviss. N. Kobb.. N. Pitney T. M. Pitney Dr. J. P. Becks. Dr. J. P. Becks., T. C. Boggs E. Diggs Skinner.. T. B. Harris.. B. Reynolds.. Locality. Section. S. E. 17 N. E. 2 N. E. 10 W. hf. N. E. 16 S. W. 7 N. W. 18 19 S. E. 5 W. hf. 8 S. E. N. W. 36 N. E. 36 S. E. 25 32 29 4 and 5 N.E. 8 N. E. 18 N. E. 20 S. W. 10 P3 Coal. c M J3 H 1 to 9 18? 12 24 to 18 to 20 18 to 28 50 14 50 14 52 15 52 15 52 15 50 16 50 16 49 16 50 14 51 15 51 15 51 15 D Remabks. "Worked or Not. 24 1.0 to 24 31 39 22 22 30 30 Not worked. Has been worked a little. Not worked. Worked. Worked occasionally. Worked. Not been worked. May thicken after going into the hill a distance. Do not think this coal is known. _ Very good coal; worked but little. Not worked. Worked extensively. Worked. E? Said to reach 36 inches, and is worked exten- sively ; very good coal. Worked. Not opened. MINERAL SPRINGS. The mineral springs of this county, from their number and rep^ utation, are entitled to notice. They occur in nearly every portion of the county, and nearly all of them are briny, and from some of them salt was made as much as sixty-five years ago. Formerly it would pay to make salt, but facili- 324 HISTOKY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ties of transportation and the low price of the imported article has superseded its home manufacture. In importance we may regard Boone's Lick as of the first, Burck- hartt's as of the second, and that of Fayette as of the third class. Boone's Lick is in section 4, township 49, range 17. There are four salt springs and one well at Boone's Lick, each one affording a free supply of water, all quite strong of brine. A white deposit is found on the surface of the ground at some of the springs, and a black at others. The first salt was made here in 1807 by Nathan Boone. His old works were on a mound in the valley northwest of the main spring, and just east of a small branch coming into Salt creek from the west. Other old salt works were on the east side of another small branch. Large beds of charcoal and ashes are almost the only remains of the former works, but salt was made here at various times, and almost constantly until about the year 1855 or 1856. The salt made here was sold in 1837 at one cent per pound, and rating a bushel at fifty pounds, this paid very well. As an evidence of former work here, we would state that for four square miles around Boone's Lick, the timber has been entirely cut off at various times for fuel for the salt works. At the present time these grounds are entirely cov- ered over with a thrifty growth of young white oak, with some wal- nut, black oak and hickory. These trees are mostly six by eight inches in diameter, but many are as much as one foot. Dr. J. C. Heberling, W. N. Marshall and others are the present owners of the property. In 1869 they began to bore for salt water, and continued their work until the fall of 1872, when the boring had reached a depth of 1,001 feet. They then stopped work. At thirty- seven feet water was obtained; at sixty-eight feet, weak saltwater, and at 163 feet 9 inches, the size of the stream had increased a fourth, with percentage of salt about the same as the outside stream, or 4.5 per cent. At a depth of 481 feet they report a vein of salt water, with an increased strength of one-third. At 707 feet 9 inches a small addi- tion of water was reached ; also a strong, offensive gas, with a cor- responding increase of strength of the brine from 4.5 — 9 per cent ( double ) . A 10-inch square wooden conductor was put into the bottom of the quicksand, twenty-two feet. Below this a one and one-half-inch pipe was inserted, from which the flow is about thirty gallons per min- ute. The volume of water is sufficient for a two and one-half-inch pipe. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 325 burckhartt's SPRING. This spring is two miles west of New Franklin, at the edge of a small valley coming into the Bonne Femme from the west side. The water issues forth very freely from the valley clays, not very far from a bluff of Burlington limestone. • A white deposit is formed in the bed of the branch. In former times considerable salt was made here. LEWIS SPRING. The Lewis spring, near Glasgow, is ou the land of Jno. F. Lewis, one and one-half miles from Glasgow, on the west branch of Gregg's creek. The salt water here flows from clay at several places within a space of twelve feet square. In some places a white, and in others a black deposit is found in the bed of the rivulet. There is another small salt spring on Bear creek, just outside of the limits of Glasgow. A weak-flowing salt spring appears on the west side of Sulphur creek, near where it enters the Missouri bottoms. On the flat below the railroad depot at Fayette, is a salt and sul- phur spring of about the strength of the Lewis spring. The cattle have formed, by licking and tramping, an extensive lick fifty by one hundred feet. This was originally known as Buffalo lick, and 2,800 acres of the neighboring lands were originally reserved as saline lands for the use of the state. Simpson's lick, or Simpson's branch, one mile from the Missouri bottom, is a weak salt spring. No salt was ever made here, although the land was entered for " saline lands." SALT WATER SPRINGS. There are a number of salt water springs in the eastern part of the county, at all of which salt has been made at one time or another. On Mrs. Wilhite's land, in northwest quarter of section 2, town- ship 49, range 15, there is a weak salt spring. This was formerly known as the Moniteau lick. Four thousand acres of the adjoining lands were originally selected for the use of the state. On the Messrs. Morris land, in section 34, township 50, range 15, there is another which affords a great deal of water, but which is also weak. Judge Wade Jackson says that he made salt from the water of each of these springs, but that it required from 500 to 600 gallons of water to make a bushel of salt. He then dug a well on his place, in section 326 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 35, township 50, range 15, to the depth of fifty feet to limestone, and then bored 250 feet. After boring 200 feet he struck salt water, but it being no stronger than the water in the springs, he bored fifty feet more, and obtaining no water at that depth, abandoned the enter- prise. It is his opinion that the water obtained by boring contained less sulphur and magnesia than that in the springs. It all probably came from the same source. On Judge McCafferty's land, in east half of southwest quarter section 16, township 51, range 15, there is an old lick which is known as Cooley's lick. Mr. McCafferty states that salt was first made here fifty or sixty years ago, and that John Cooley made salt at the lick in 1841. He says he first saw the spring in that year, and at that time there were trees growing up from old stumps that he judged to be thirty years old. According to Mr. McCafferty's calculations, salt must have been made here as far back as 1811. Mr. Cafferty has owned the lick for twenty-five years and made salt in 1862, using the few remaining kettles that were first used fifty or sixty years ago. He was unable to state how much water was required to make a bushel of salt, but says that in making a bushel he burned four cords of wood. At one time he would obtain more salt from a certain amount of water than at another. The water has a sulphurous smell, and leaves and pieces of wood left in the spring are soon covered with a yellowish-white coating. At Mr. Adams', in the northwest quarter, section 83, township 49, range 15, there are several salt and sulphur springs combined. In some the salt predominates and in others the sulphur. They are all close together and the water is weak, about seven hundred gallons of it being required to make one bushel of salt. Salt was made here fifty years ago. Quarries of limestone and sandstone are found in various portions of the county. There is also iron ore, fire-clay, and rock which would make good hydraulic cement. CHAP TEE XVII. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The Utility of Public S6hools — Public School System of Missouri — Comparison with Other States — Teachers' Institute — Report for 1882, Showing Number of "White and Colared Children— Number of School Houses and Districts — Number of Teachers — Salary of Teachers — Amount Expended for Fuel — Repairs — Past Indebtedness — Unexpended Funds — Annual Distribution. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The following chapter is one which we have found hard to write, owing to the difficulty in obtaining full and accurate information. It should be the most interesting of all the chapters in the book. We have endeavored to remain in the realm of the real, and deal as little as possible in the ideal and imaginative. Comparatively little has been made a matter of record relating to the early schools of the county. What has been so made, and what has been remembered by the old settlers whom we have seen, are here given. The schools of the county are sharing with the contents of the newsboy's bundle, the title of the universities of the poor. The close observation of the working of the public schools shows that if the in- duction of facts be complete, it could be demonstrated that the public schools turn out more men and women better fitted for business and usefulness than most of our colleges. The freedom and liberty of the public school afford less room for the growth of effeminacy and pedantry ; it educates the youth among the people, and not among a caste or class, and since the man or woman is called upon to do with a nation in which people are the only factors, the education which the public schools afford, especially when they are of the superior stand- ard reached in this country, fit their recipients for a sphere of useful- ness nearer the public heart than can be attained by private schools and academies. The crowning glory of American institutions is the public schoo system ; nothing else among American institutions is so intensely American. They are the colleges of democracy, and if this govern- ment is to remain a republic, governed by statesmen, it must be from the public schools they must be graduated. The amount of practica knowledge that the masses here receive, is important beyond measure (327) 328 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. and forms the chief factor in the problem of material prosperity ; but it is not so much the practical knowledge, which it is the ostensible mission of the public schools to impart, that makes this system the sheet anchor of our hopes. It is rather the silent, social influence which the common schools incidentally exert. It is claimed for our country that it is a land of social equality, where all have an equal chance in the race for life ; and yet there are many things which give the lie to this boasted claim of an aristocracy of manhood. Our churches are open to all, but it is clear that the best pews are occupied by the men of wealth and influence. The sightless goddess extends the scales of justice to all, but it will usually appear that there is money in the descending beam. It requires money to run for office, or, at least, it takes money to get office. The first experience of the American citizen of to-day, however, is in the public schools. If he is a rich man's son, his classmate is the son of poverty. The seat which the one occupies is no better than that occupied by the other, and when the two are called to the blackboard, the fine clothes of the rich man's son do not keep him from going down, provided he be a drone, neither do the patches on the clothes of the poor man's son keep him down, provided he has the genius and the application to make him rise. The pampered child of fortune may purchase a diploma at many of the select schools of the laud, but at the public schools it is genius and application which win. That state or nation which reaches out this helping hand to the children of want, will not lack for de- fenders in the time of danger, and the hundreds of thousands of dol- lars annually expended for the common education of children, is but money loaned to the children, which they will pay back with com- pound interest, when grown to manhood. In a common, unassuming way, our schools inculcate lessons of common honesty. The boy hears his father make promises, and sees him break them. Mr. Jones is promised twenty dollars on Monday, he calls on Monday and again on Tuesday, and finally gets the twenty dollars on Saturday. The boy goes with his father to church, and frequently gets there after the first prayer. In vain does that father teach his boy lessons of common hon- esty, when the boy knows that the father disappointed Jones, and never reaches the church in time. The boy soon learns at the public schools that punctuality and promptness are cardinal virtues ; that to be tardy is to get a little black mark, and to be absent a day is to get a big black mark. A public school in which punctuality and prompt- ness are impartially and fearlessly enforced, is a most potent conser- vator of public morals. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 329 It has been often said that the state of Missouri has not only been indifferent to the subject of education, but that she has been hostile to the cause of common schools. To prove that these are gross misrep- resentations, and that her attitude towards an interest so vital and pop- ular does not admit of any question, it is only necessary to say that the constitutions of 1820, 1865 and 1875 make this subject of primary importance and guard the public school funds with zealous care. The fact is, the constitution of no state contains more liberal and enlight- ened provisions relative to popular education than the constitution of Missouri, adopted in 1875. During the past sixty-two years of her existence not a solitary line can be found upon her statute books in- imical to the cause of education. No political party in all her history has ever arrayed itself against free schools, and her governors, each and all, from 1824 to the present time (1882), have been earnest ad- vocates of a broad and liberal system of education. As early as 1839, the state established a general school law and system. In 1853-, one-fourth of her annual revenue was dedicated to the maintenance of free schools. Her people have taxed themselves as freely for this cause as the people of any other state. With the sin- gle exception of Indiana, she surpasses every other state in the Union in the amount of her available and productive permanent school funds, the productive school fund of Indiana being $9,065,254.73, while that of Missouri is $8,950,805.71, the state of North Carolina ranking third. The state of Indiana levies a tax for school purposes of six- teen cents on the one hundred dollars of taxable values, and does not permit a local tax exceeding twenty-five cents on that amount. The state of Missouri levies a tax of five cents and permits a local tax of forty cents without a vote of the people, or sixty-five cents in the country districts and one dollar in cities and towns, by a majority vote of the tax-payers voting. For the year ending in April, 1880, only two counties in the state reported a less rate of local taxation than the maximum allowed in Indiana, only one the amount of that maximum, and the average rate of all the counties reported was about thirty-nine cents, or fourteen cents more than the possible rate of that state. It may not be known that Missouri has a greater number of school-houses than Massachu- setts, yet such is the fact. The amount she expends annually for public education is nearly double the rate on the amount of her as- sessed valuation that the amount expended by the latter state is on her valuation, while the public school funds of Missouri exceed those of Massachusetts, $5,405,127.09. 330 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. The Missouri system of education is, perhaps, as good as that of any other state, and is becoming more effectively enforced each suc- ceeding year. The one great fault, or lack in the laws in reference to common schools, is the want of executive agency within the county. The state department should have positive and unequivocal super- vision over the county superintendent, and the county superintendent should have control over the school interests of the county under the direction of the state superintendent. When this is done the people of the state will reap the full benefits that should accrue to them from the already admirable system of free schools which are now in suc- cessful operation throughout the state. The public schools of Howard county were organized in 1867, under the law of 1866. There had been, since an early date, public money distributed for the benefit of the children of the poor and in- digent of the county, but no distinctive public schools taught in the county until 1867. These schools were organized generally by Thomas G. Deatherage, who, though not teaching at the time, was friendly to 'the public schools, and was anxious to see them firmly established and bearing fruit. The school districts at that time numbered about sixt}', and in each of these a school was organized. The system was not popular at the beginning, but as time passed, and the schools have gradually grown better, it has increased in favor until the public schools are now liberally patronized. ENUMERATION. The report for 1882, shows the number of white persons in the county between six and twenty years of age were : Males, 2,131 ; females, 1,886. Colored persons between six and twenty years of age: Males, 711; females, 589 — making a total of 5,317. This was an increase over the preceding year. The county is at present divided in sixty-five school districts. To accommodate the number of pupils attending the public schools, the county has increased from year to year the number of school houses, until they now (1883) number about seventy, a ma- jority of which are neat, frame buildings, a few being brick, but all constructed with reference to the health, comfort and convenience of both teachers and pupils. These pupils are under the care and instruc- tion of fifty male and forty-two females, making a total of ninety-two teachers. The teachers are, in the main, not persons who have tem- porarily adopted the vocation of a teacher as a mere expedient to HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 331 relieve present wants and with no ultimate aim to continue teaching, but are men and women who have chosen their profession from choice, expecting to prosecute their labors for many years to come. The male teachers are paid a salary which averages $36.44 per month, and the females $37.10 ; the general average being $36.77. We hope the day is not far distant when Howard county will be as liberal in the salaries of her female teachers in the public schools, as Green, Dallas and a few other counties of our grand and noble state. These counties have recognized the fact, that the services of the female teachers are worth as much as the services of the male, and pay her about an equal salary. Why a woman should not be paid as much as a man as a teacher in the public schools is a problem, we frankly con- fess, we have never been able to solve upon any reasonable hypothesis. The sum paid to teachers for the school year of 1881 amounted to $20,640.43; paid for fuel, $678.55; for repairs and rent, $573.10; past indebtedness paid, $938. Unexpended funds on hand, $8,301.26. ANNUAL DISTRIBUTION, 1882. Cash on hand at settlement with county treasurer, in April, 1881 $ 4,974 49 Amount of revenue received from state fund by auditor's warrant, of 1881 3,975 78 Amount received from county fund, 1881 (interest on notes and bonds) ...... 2,418 15 Amount of revenue received from township fund, in 1881 (interest on notes and bonds) .... 1,534 05 Amount received from district tax in 1881, as per settle- ment with county treasurer, in April, 1882 . . 21,113 48 Amount received from all other sources, as per settle- ment with county treasurer, in April, 1882 . . 101 30 Total amount $34,117 25 Total amount expended, as shown by settlement with county treasurer, in April, 1882 .... 25,815 99 Cash on hand $ 8,301 26 Amount of township school funds, .... $16,537 60 Amount of county public school funds, . . . 5,849 79 $22,387 39 Amount received during year for fines and penalties . $1,159 97 CHAPTER XVIII. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY. Introductory Remarks — Baptist — Christian — Presbyterian and Episcopalian Churches. For history of Methodist Episcopal church, South, the reader is referred to addendum. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. The question as to which one of the religious denominations (Baptist, Methodist, or Presbyterian) first held aloft the banner of Christ, in Howard county, is extremely problematical. They seem to have all been equally zealous in the cause of Christianity, in uphold- ing and sustaining their respective churches. The most authentic record that we have found in reference to the establishment of the early churches in this county are the memoirs of James M. Peck, D. D. Dr. Peck visited the county in 1818, and in writing about the establishment of his own church (Baptist), said : — " During the war, when the people had to live in forts, and until 1818, no correctly-thinking person could expect Christian churches to be organized, revivals to follow, and the baptism of converts to be reported. With five Baptist preachers and as many more Cumber- land Presbyterians and Methodists, only five Baptist churches, with numbers not much exceeding one hundred in all, were gathered before 1818." From the above we find there were five Presbyterian ministers in the county, as early as 1818,. and equally as many preachers repre- senting each of the two denominations. Which, then, was actually the pioneer religious organization in the county we do not know, the three churches named having an equal number of preachers upon the ground as early as 1818. It is, however, claimed, that the Baptists erected the first church edifice, called Mount Pleasant, near the town of New Franklin. The first camp-meeting in the county was held by the Cumberland Pres- byterians, in 1824, about two miles above Old Franklin, on the Adkin Lee farm. Among the ministers present upon that occasion, (332) HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 333 were Revs. Samuel Pharr, J. W. Campbell, and Finis Ewing. The latter was quite a distinguished preacher, being the founder of that denomination (Cumberland Presbyterians). The Methodists held a camp meeting at Clark's chapel, many years afterwards. BAPTIST CHURCH. [Prepared by Rev. M. J. Breaker.] General Sketch. — The Baptists were the pioneers of religion in Howard county, and laid the strong foundation of the education, morality and religion of the present population. The faith of the earliest settlers was that of the Baptists, and the oldest protestant organization now existing in the state, north of the Missouri river, and lacking but little of being the oldest in the whole state, is the Mt. Pleasant Baptist church, near Franklin. This venerable church was organized in 1812, and has had a continuous existence ever since. It was composed chiefly of persons who had first settled, and had or- ganized a Baptist church near Loutre island, in Montgomery county, but who, having been disturbed by the Indians, came to the Boone's Lick country for greater security. From Mt. Pleasant the Baptists vapidly spread all over the country (including the territory now called Cooper, Boone, Randolph and Clinton counties, as well as Howard). For some years they were the only religious denomination having or- ganized churches in the county. During that time they were earn- estly engaged in discharging the responsibility they felt God had laid on them. Life in a frontier country was rough, but they found time and had inclination to attend to the duties of religion. Their preachers were illiterate and had to support themselves by manual labor, but they abounded in efforts to save sinners, and their Master blest them. The people were scattered over a wide territory, and often surrounded by savage enemies, but they met for Divine worship, though they had to take their rifles with them ; and their places of meeting were often uncomfortable. In the pleasant weather, the spreading branches of an oak, or an arbor of boughs afforded fine facilities for preaching and hearing — the preachers had lungs in those days, and, report says, the sound of their voices could sometimes be heard for miles ; but in inclement weather they had to crowd into the log cabins of the settlers, or into the but little larger meeting-houses they were able to erect. The first meeting-house in the county and all the territory north of the Missouri river, was that built at Mt. Pleasant, in about 1816. It was about twenty feet square, and was (23) '634: HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. built of unhewn logs. The roof was made of clapboards, kept on by poles laid on them. The chimney was built on four posts in the cen- tre of the house. The house had no windows, and the two doors had thick shutters. The floor was the native soil. In the middle of the floor, under the chimney, a fire was built to warm the worshippers, but, plainly, they were better warmed by a fire within them. The seats were long stools made of slipt logs. There was no pulpit, but the preacher stood on the floor wherever it suited him best. The babes, which the mothers always brought with them, amused them- selves by piaying in the wholesome dirt on the floor. But great pros- perity attended these earnest efforts to serve God, so that by 1834 — just twenty-two years after the planting of the first church — the de- nomination had increased from one church, with twenty-three members, to some twelve churches, with upwards of 750 members. Up to this time the utmost harmony, both in doctrine and practice, had prevailed ; but now, and for some four years, strifes and schisms occurred. In 1834, the views of Elder A. Campbell were introduced into some of the churches, and confusion followed. The result was that, in some of these churches, the members and preachers were di- vided, and new organizations were formed. These new organizations took the name of " The Christian Baptist Church," — so at Mt. Pleas- ant — from which they afterwards dropped the word " Baptist." In 1835, occurred the great split in the denomination. This was on the subject of missions. Two years before there had been a simi- lar split in Virginia on the same subject. One party opposed mis- sionary operations by district associations, general associations, state conventions and general conventions, and likewise opposed Sunday- schools and ministerial education. The other party, which in this part of the country was in the minority, favored these things. For some years the points at issue were warmly discussed ; finally, at a ses- sion of the Mt. Pleasant Association, at Mt. Zion church, the matter came to a head. The minority submitted to the majority these prop- osition, preferring the first to the second , and the second to the third : — "1. We are willing to be at peace on the principles of the United Baptists of the United States. "2. We are willing to be at peace if the association will adhere to its advice given at its last session, giving to all liberty of conscience on the subject of missions. " 3. If a division upon the subject of missions is inevitable, the minority proposes that it shall be effected by advising the churches to grant to ministers in each church, if the ministers request it, a copy HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 335 of the record of the church book ; and that the majority in each church, whether for or against the foregoing propositions, retain the regular days of meeting and the church book. Should the minority in any case require it, they shall be entitled to the use of the house two days in every month, selecting for themselves any other day, Saturday and Sunday, than those upon which the majority meet." The majority in the association voted down the first and second of these propositions, and adopted the third. This divided the denom- ination. Each party continued the association, but for a time retain- ing the old name — "The Mt. Pleasant Association of United Bap- tists" — but after some years the anti-missionary party changed the name of their association to " Mt. Pleasant Old School Baptist asso- ciation." After this split the missionary party showed great vigor, and numbers now some eighteen churches and 1,200 members. The op- posing party has declined to three churches and about 150 members. Soon after the close of the late war the negro members withdrew and formed churches of their own. These will be more particularly mentioned below. BENEVOLENT WORK. The Baptists of Howard county have ever been among the fore- most in the state in the support of the missionary and educational work of the denomination. In 1818 " The Mt. Pleasant Association <>f United Baptists" was organized at Mt. Pleasant church. Than this, there are but two older associations in the state — Bethel and St. Louis — and for many years it was the most efficient body of its kind among the Baptists of Missouri. Until 1880 its main strength had always lain among the churches of Howard county. Here lived its wisest leaders and its strongest supporters. Since 1880, most of the churches of the county have belonged to the Mt. Zion Baptist associa- tion, which was organized in that year at Mt. Zion church, and which is a vigorous and efficient body. The general organization of the Baptists of Missouri for missions iind education is the general association, which has exerted a great in- fluence and done vast good in the state. This body — first called the "Central Society or Committee" — took its origin in 1833 from a prayer-meeting in the house of John Jackson, near Fayette, in this county, which meeting was composed of Elders Thomas Fristoe, Ebenezer Eodgers and Fielding Wilhite. For some years the execu- tive board of the general association was located in Fayette, and Mr. Leland Weight, now a resident in Fayette, was the corresponding 336 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. secretary. And the Baptists of Howard county have never failed to support most warmly this great missionary body. William Jewell college, Liberty, Mo., is the male college which the several associations founded and fosters. It is the chief Baptist college of the state. Many of its trustees, and some of the most liberal contributors to its endowment, have been found among the Baptists of Howard county. And Mount Pleasant college, which existed for many years at Huntsville, partially derived its origin and its strongest support from the churches of this county. For the past few years the average annual contributions of the denomination in the county for Christian work has been about as follows : — To sustain the preaching of the gospel in the churches, $3,300; missious, education and other benevolent purposes, $1,200; total, $4,500. Ill CHURCHES. In almost every neighborhood in the county there has been and is a Baptist church. Among the points where there used to be churches, but where for various reasons they have become extinct or been removed, may be mentioned Boonsboro, Eichland, Old Chariton, Lower Moniteau. The following list embraces churches now existing in the county : — 1. Mount Pleasant church, near New Franklin, was organized near its present site, April 8, 1812, by Elders David McLain, Golden Williams and John Sneethen, presbytery. The original members, besides these three preachers, were Samuel Brown, Abraham Groom*, William Creson and wife, John Berry and wife, William Monroe, Stephenson and wife, Mrs. Winscott, Nancy Goggin, Nancy Cojuni, Joseph Boty, Mrs. John Sneethen, Sophia Swearingen, Josiah Boon and wife, Dan Rider and wife. The following have been the pastors till now : David McLain, William Thorp, Ebenezer Rodgers, Reuben Alexander, William Duncan, Green Corey, Noah Flood, B. F. T. Coke, B. F. Smith, X. X. Buchner, J. D. Murphy, M. H. William*, H. M. King, E. D. Isbell, M. J. Breaker. The church now numbers about forty-two members, and worship in an excellent frame house — union. 2. Mount Zion church grew out of the above, and was organ- ized December 20, 1817, at the house of Elisha Todd (now Mr. Richard Payne's) by Elders David McLain, Edward Turner, Thomas Hubbard and Colden Williams. These were the original members: David McLain and wife, Thomas Hubbard, Elisha Todd, and wife, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 337 Henry Burnham, Golden Williams and Edward Turner. The follow- ing have been the pastors : Edward Turner, William Thorp, Colden Williams, Fielding Wilhite, William Duncan, Green Corey, Noah Flood, Thomas Fristoe, B. F. T. Coke, T. H. Olmstead, X. X. Buchner, G. E. Pitts, W. E. Painter, M. F. Williams, B. F. Lawler, E. D. Isbell, N. T. Allison, M. J. Breaker. The house of worship is a neat frame building, owned by the church and situated near where the church was organized. Present membership about thirty — ■ a small but intelligent and active body. 3. Glasgow church is a continuation of the Old Chariton church, and so also is the Chariton church below. This Old Chariton church was organized at the town of Chariton, Chariton county (about one and a half miles from Glasgow), April 8, 1820. The presbytery consisted of elders John B. Longan, William Thorp, Charles Herry- mau, and Thomas Henson. The constituent members were : General Duff Green, Daniel Biggs, Ebenezer Eodgers, John Tooley, Benj. F. Edwards, John Bowles, David Love, Enoch Morgan, Elizabeth Bowles, Sally Maddox, Kitty Bailey, Nancy Biggs, Phoebe Tooley, Sarah Botts, Sally Love, Nancy Morgan, Lucretia M. Green. The pastors until 1848 were Wm. Thompson, D. D., Ebenezer Eodgers, and Thomas Fristol, with Addison M. Lewis as assistant pastor. In 1827 the church moved from the town of Chariton to a point about two miles northeast from Glasgow. Here it remained until 1861, when it removed to Glasgow. The pastors from 1848 to 1861 were Thomas Fristol, Addison M. Lewis, A. P. Williams. And from that until the present time, the pastors have been A. P. Williams, D. D. M. L. Laws, M. J. Breaker, J. F. Kemper, W. Pope Yeaman, D. D., W. F. Harris. When the church removed to Glasgow it built a substantial brick house — now owned by the Presbyterians — which was sold in in 1866, when the majority of the church withdrew and reorganized the present Chariton church. After some years the Glasgow church built, at a cost of $12,000, the present house of worship, the most elegant in the county. The present membership is about sixty. 4. Chariton church, about six miles north of Glasgow, is a con- tinuation of the Old Chariton church just referred to and located at its present place in 1866. At the reorganization the presbytery was com- posed of Elders Jesse Terril, Thomas Kilbuck, S. Y. Pitts, and G. W. Eogers. The pastors from 1866 until the present time have been W. R. Painter, F. M. Wadley, L. M. Berry, M. P. Matheny, A. F. Pear- son. The church worships in a substantial frame house which it owns. Present membership about 130. 338 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 5. Mount Moriah church was organized August 13, 1823, by- elders Ebenezer Rodgers and Colden Williams. The original members were Henry Burnham, Sarah Burnham, Samuel Hughes, Nancy Hughes, John Jackson, Susannah Jackson, John Matthews, Rachel Matthews, James Reid, Abraham Dale, Pleasant Wilson, Susannah Wilson. Pastors : Ebenezer Rodgers, A. J. Bartee, William Duncan, Wm. Thompson, B. T. F. Cake, G. R. Pitts, W. R. Painter, M. F. Williams, M. J. Breaker. The house of worship is a substantial brick, situated about four miles west of Fayette, and is owned by the Bap- tists and another denomination. Present membership about sixty. 6. Roanoke church is a continuation of the old Mount Moriah church, which was formed about twelve miles north of Fayette in 1826, but the names of the original members and of the pastors before 1836 could not be obtained. In 1836 the name was changed to Mount Olive, and after some years the church removed to the town of Roan- oke, and has been called by that name ever since. The pastors have been since 1836, as follows : — Thomas Fristoe, Jesse Terril, W. H. Mansfield, Wm. Thompson, Noah Flood, S. G. Pitts, W. L. T. Evans, F. M. Wadley, L. M. Berry, W. P. Yeaman, W. F. Harris. The church owns the lower story of a substantial frame house in Roanoke. Present membership about 120. 7. Gilead church was organized in April, 1820, by Elders Ed- ward Turner and Colden Williams. Original membership: Edward Turner and wife, Daniel Lay and wife, Sally Brashears, Amos Death- erage and wife, Henry Saling and wife, Elizabeth Saling, Jane Maughan, Paten Maughan, Henry Bowman.- The pastors have been Edward Turner, J. D. Butts, Thomas Turner, A. J. Bartee, William Duncan, Jesse Terril, R. H. Harris, Noah Flood, W. R. Woods, Green Carey, Wm. H. Morris, J. D. Murphy, J. W. Terrill, P. T. Gentry, M. F. Williams, E. D. Isbell, J. B. Dotson, L. M. Berry. House of worship is situated about five miles east of Fayette, a frame house, owned in part by the Baptists. The present member- ship of the church is about ninety. 8. Fayette church grew out of Mt. Moriah in 1839. The mem- bers were these : Wm. Taylor, Emily Taylor, Sarah C. Birch, Olivia C. Birch, Elizabeth Daly, Louisa Major, Elizabeth Major, James Bradley, Susan Wilson, Adelia Garner, Euphemia Turner, Geo. W. Lydiletes, D. E. Searcy, David Morrow, Eleanor Morrow, Mary Ann Anderson, Elizabeth J. Searcy, Eliza Holliday, Terry Bradley, Chris- topher Cockerill, Hardin A. Wilson, Amanda Shepard, Eliza Ann HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 339 Reynolds, Letty Watts, Polly Litchlev, John Hanson, Jane Hanson, John W. Searcy, Mrs. W. R. Dickerson, John H. Potts, Priscilla Price, Susan, slave of Jos. Major; Esther, slave of Eunice Payne; Esther and Eliza, slaves of Mrs. E. Daly. The pastors have been : A. M. Lewis, Thomas Fristoe, A. B. Hardy, W. W. Keep, G. C. Harris, N. Flood, Wm. Thompson, Green Carey, F. Wilhite, X. X. Buckner, G. R. Pitts, A. M. King, E. D. Isbell, T. A. Reid, M. J. Booker. The house of worship is a substantial frame building, well situated in the town. The present membership is about eighty. 9. Mount Ararat church was organized 117 1865 by Elder William Woods and Jesse Terril. The original members were : T. Creeson and wife, T. Pemberton and wife, William Nicolas and wife, Andrew Nicolas and wife, Sallie Nicolas, Eunice Creeson, Jane McGruder, James Creeson, Willis Graves and wife, Ruark Graves, Nancy Cree- son. Pastors: W. H. Woods, S. G. Pitts, F. M. Stark, L. A. Minor. No house of worship is owned by the church, but services are held in the Pemberton school-house, about eleven miles north of Fayette. Present membership about seventy-five. 10. Friendship church, about six miles north of Fayette, was or- ganized May 9, 1829, by Elders Edward Turner, Ebenezer Rodgers, Thomas Turner, A. J. Bartee and Thomas Todd. The original mem- bers were : Benjamin Cook, Polly Cook, Wm. Cornett, Nancy Cornett, John Kirby, John Leach, Jemima Leach, Wm. Baskett, Susan Baskett, Samuel Fields, Elvira Gibbs, John Swetnam, Sarah Swetnam. The pastors have been : A. J. Bartee, Jesse Terril, W. H. Woods, W. L. T. Evans, Joshua Terril, J. D. Smith. Present membership about seventy-five. A good frame house is owned by the church. 11. Sharon church was organized January, 1877, by Elder J. W. Terril. The original members were W. A. Morris, Sr., and wife, B. 0. Morris and wife, Bettie Morris, Mary J. Morris, J. S. Morris, Til- ford Pemberton and wife, Sarah Pemberton, Florence Pemberton, Henry Hatler, J. C. Taylor, Thomas Magruder and wife, W. H. Mor- ris, Jr., Annie Morris. The pastors have been J. W. Terril, G. C. Brown, W. R. Woods. The church partly owns a good frame house about ten miles north by west from Fayette. Present membership about twenty. 12. Boone's Lick church, near Lisbon, was organized January 20, 1870, by W. R. Woods and William Kilbuck, presbytery. The original members were Preston V Smith, Mary Smith, Nancy Cooper, Martha Booth, J. H. Bodle, Rachel Bodle, Mary Stuart, Mary M. Wiseman, 340 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Kichard Jackson, Louisa Garvin, M. E. Ainsworth, Martha A. Dunn, Mary E. Johnson, Susan Burton, Eobert Tippett, Catharine Tippett, Eglantine Headrick. The pastors have been Jackson Harris, W. L. Baskett, Luther Cloyd. The present membership is about twenty- five. 13. Moniteau church, at Bunker Hill (Myer's post-office) was organized at the house of Mr. John Perkins in 1847 or 1848, by Elders J. W. Terril and Green Carey. The original members were John and Eachel Perkins, Aaron and Willis Andrews, Henry and Cynthia Lynch, A. Banes. The pastors have been Jesse Terril, Bartlett Anderson, James Burton, William B. Woods, W. L. T. Evans, John Byrum, W. L. Baskett, Green Carey. The church worships in a good frame house in which it owns a half interest. The present membership is about sixty. 14. Ruhamah church, six miles north by west from Fayette, was organized in 1870 by Elders M. L. Laws, R. J. Mansfield, W. L. Baskett, John Byrum and W. R. Woods. The original members were Martin and Nancy Andrews, Nancy and William and VanBuren Andrews, Bennett Brown and wife, James Y. Miller and Ann his wife, Willis Rout and Sally his wife and Nancy his daughter, Harriet An- drews, Joe Andrews and Fannie his wife, Strotta Pritchett and Patsy his wife, Russia Branham, James Hutson, and Alex, his son and Re- becca his wife, Robert and Jimmie Andrews, Mrs. Eaton and Ike, Kibble, Nancy and Jane her children, John Eaton and Mary his wife, Lucy H a °kley, Eva Hackley, James Miller, James Branham, William Pulliam, Luther Pulliam, Bradley Pulliam, Emma Broaddua, Mary Hudson, Newton Hudson, George Rout, Franklin Smith and Bett Ann his wife, Dora Browning, Nicinda Andrews, Mary Gibbs. The pastors have been W. L. Baskett and William Kilbuck. The church worships jn a school-house. Present membership is about forty-eight. 15. Mizpah church, about four miles northeast of Fayette, was organized in 1872, by elders M. L. Laws, M. F. Williams, and H. M. King. The original members were J. Q. Moberly, Prior Burton, Robert Dougherty, Charles Berkley, Mrs. A. E. Berkley, Mrs. S. Burton, Mrs. M. E. Moberly, Mrs. Mary Dougherty, Mrs. H. George, Mrs. E. Williams, Mrs. J. Patterson, Miss Laura Patterson, Mrs. M. Jourdan, N. Brown, S. R. Jourdan, Miss N. George, J. Stroby, Mrs. P. George, Owen Williams. The pastors have been P. S. Collop,M. F. Williams, W. K. Woods, J. D. Smith. The church is a union house, a good frame building. Present membership about fourteen. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 341 16. Sulphur Springs church, about three miles northwest from Eocheport, Boone county, was organized September 22, 1880, by elders J. B. Dotson and B. E. Harl, with these members : J. H. Jordan and wife' and daughter, Levi Barton and wife, John Farris and wife, William Dodson and wife, Mrs. L. Minor, Miss Ada Row- lings. The pastors have been B. E. Harl, J. B. Starke, J. F. Par- mer. The church owns a good frame house. Present membership about forty. 17. Rock Spring church (old school) is situated about eight miles west of Fayette. It was organized in 1823 by Elders Ebenezer Rodgers and C. Williams. The original members were the same as those given for Mount Moriah, for this church is a continuation, in one line, of the Mount Moriah church. The pastors since 1839 have been: R. Alexander, A. B. Frioreor, J. W. Akers, Martin Doty, James Bradley, L. B. Wright. In 1872, the name of the church was changed to its present name, and the church built its present sub- stantial house of worship. The membership numbers about fifty. 18. New Hope church (old school), near Bunker Hill, was organ- ized as early as 1830, but further information could not be obtained. The present membership is probably about eighteen persons. 19. Sharon church (old school) has the same location as the Sharon church above. It was organized as early as 1826, and is a continuation of the old Mount Ararat church. It has a membership of about eighteen persons. No further information could be obtained concerning it. N. B. — These three churches do not contain quite all the Old School Baptists in the county. At all the above points where churches were organized prior to 1835, that organization continued in two lines, and we have given the line that has kept up an organization till now. In many cases the old school line continued many years parallel with the other. 20. Second church, Fayette (negro), was organized soon after the close of the war, but no names or dates could be obtained. The present membership is supposed to be about 100. 21. Bethel church (negro) is situated in the Missouri bottom, a few miles west of New Franklin. This is all that could be ascertained about it. SUMMARY. Whole number of churches, 21 ; aggregate membership, about 1,200. Number of preachers now resident in the county were, viz. : 342 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. W. K. Woods, Jackson Harris, M. J. Breaker, W- F. Harris. Most of the churches are presided over by preachers not resident in the county. Most of the missionary churches have Sunday schools, but no statistics could be- obtained. CHRISTIAN CHURCH. [Prepared by Elder James Randall.] Two of the Christian churches of this county were organized at a very early day — between 1816 and 1820. They were organized substantially on the same basis as those which were afterwards known as the Disciples of Christ and Christian churches, that originated from the ministry of B. W. Stone, of Kentucky. The ministers who or- ganized and who became the pastors of these churches, were Thomas McBride, and James McBride, his son ; he and his son left the county at an early day. Joel H. Hayden came to the county in 1827 or 1828, and labored with the McBrides. He was a man of strong mind and spotless reputation. Joel Prewitt was among the early ministers, coming in 1830, and did much for the cause of Christ. Several other churches were organized about 1830, at which period a union was effected between the Stoneites, New Lights, Camp- bcllites, Reformers, and Disciples in Kentucky. After the union of these churches in Kentucky, the churches elsewhere throughout the country were united and were known as Disciples or Christians, and were organized under the name of " Church of Christ." From 1830 to 1840, Elder Marcus Wills of Callaway county, Missouri, preached in Howard county. Elder F. M. Palmer preached also for 'several churches. From 1840 to 1850, D. P. Henderson, T. M. Allen, H. S. Boon, William Boon, Jerry Lancaster, and Dr. Win- throp H. Hopson labored here in the ministry. Henderson and Allen left for California in 1849. Dr. Hopson came to the county in 1847, and after practising medicine for a short time gave himself entirely to the ministry ; he was an influential man and an eloquent speaker. From 1840 to 1860, William Burton probably did labor more and with larger results than any other minister. His education was limited, but he possessed fine social qualities and great power as an exhorter. About the year 1840, Elder Thomas M. Allen, of Columbia, Boone county, spent a portion of his time in Howard. Elder S. S. Church was in the county in 1849 and 1850. From 1850 to 1860 Alexander Proctor, now of Independence, Missouri, and a graduate of Bethany college, Virginia, began his ministry here. In 1851, John W. McGar- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 343 vey, also a graduate of Bethany college, began his ministry here, remaining one year. Thomas W. Gaines was pastor of several churches in the county about the same time. N. B. Peeler, another graduate of Bethany college, commenced his ministerial labors in Howard county in 1860, and remained until 1870. There are seventeen organized churches < in the county ; two of these, Big Springs and Roanoke, are partly in Boone and Randolph. Total membership is about 1,000. Ten of these churches own houses of worship valued at $9,700, and a half interest in two other houses of worship valued at $1,000 ; one-fourth interest in three houses of worship, valued at $800 ; making about $12,000 of church property. Church of Christ was organized by Elder Thomas McBride or Joel H. Hayden, about 1830. Among the original members were Thomas McBride and family, Joel Ii. Hayden and wife, Joel Prewitt, Henry Crisman and wife, Major Johnson and wife, George Saffran, Mrs. Ruth White, A. J. Herndon, Thomas Roy, Sr., F. E. Williams and wife, Dr. S. T. Crews and wife (the last three named and A. J. Herndon are still living). Eider McBride, Elder Hayden and Elder Prewitt were the pastors up to 1840 ; after that time for several years Jerry Lancaster was pastor. Between 1840 and 1850, T. M. Allen preached quite often at Fayette; as did Dr. Hopson, S. S. Church and D. P. Hen- derson, H. L. Boon and T. M. Allen, in 1851 ; J. W. McGarvey and William C. Booh, in 1854; Thomas N. Gaines, in 1867; J. A. Berry, in 1868 ; W. H. Blank in 1871-2 ; W. M. Featherstone, in 1873-5 ; James M. Tennyson, 1878-80 ; James Randall, from 1882- 83, and is the present(1883) pastor. W. H. Hopson, A. J. Hern- don, L. Cook and John H. Bradley each occasionally officiated as ministers of the Fayette church, from 1849 to 1867. Alexander Campbell visited Fayette in 1852 and agaiu in 1858. In 1850 the church had 284 members ; it now has eighty members. The house of worship was built in 1840 and is valued at $1,000. Church at Roanoke was organized in 1845, by Allen Wright. Robert Terrill, James Terrill, and Presley Halley were among the early members. In 1850, S. S. Church was the pastor, J. A. Berry from 1865 to 1870. J. A. Wedington has preached for them during the four years past. Captain Bagley, Colonel James Richardson, and Dr. Walker are among the prominent members of the church at this time. Ashland church, originally called Salt Creek, was organized by Elder McBride in 1820. Among the earliest members were the Bradleys 344 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. and Martin Little, Sr. Samuel Eodgers, of Kentucky, visited this church as early as 1821 or 1822. McBride, Hayden, and Prewitt offici- ated with others up to 1850. J. W. McGarvey filled the pulpit in 1851, J. V. Gains in 1856 and 1857. D. P. Henderson, T. M. Allen, and others, from 1850 to 1860. W. H. Koberson and N. B. Peeler were born and raised in the church, the latter preaching from 1865 to 1873, and again in 1880 and 1881 for this church ; James Randall from 1874 to 1877 ; V. Hockensmith from 1878 to 1879. William H. Little, James Smith, J. F. Hockley, and B. Maxwell have each preached for this church at different times. J. M. Tennyson and O. A. Carr are the present ministers. This is the largest church of this denomination in the county, having a membership of 150. They own a house of worship valued at $1,200. Mount Moriah church was organized by Elder Prewitt in 1835. Prewitt and wife and Martin Verian and wife were among the early members. Prewitt and Hayden preached for this church several years. The church organization was discontinued in 1845 and reorganized again in 1871. W. H. Blank, J. R. Gallemore, and J. H. Headington have each filled the pulpit of this church. Present membership, thirty. J. H. Headington is the present pastor. Church at Armstrong, was organized August 9, 1881, by R. N. Davis, James Boggs, and T. N. Gates, elders. J. P. Witt is the pres- ent pastor. Twenty-one members have an interest in a union house of worship. Church at New Liberty' — In 1873, this church" was organized by M. M. Davis. F. M. Grimes and family, and J. W. Thompson and wife were among the original members. Grimes and Thompson have been elders from the organization of the church, and D. Long and Patrick, deacons, D. M. Granfield and O. A. Carr have held meet- ings for this church. Membership is about twenty. Chui-ch at Glasgow — This church was established in 1841, by H. P. Boon. John H. Estill and wife, Alfred Roper and wife, Weston F. Birch, W. C. Boon, W. B. Tolley and William Allega were the constituent members. H. P. Boon was the first pastor. A. Proctor, S. S. Church, I. W. Waller, Dr. J. W. Cox, J. M. Tennyson and T. W. Allen have each filled the pulpit of this church. The church went down in 1860, and wae reorganized in 1878. T. W. Allen, present pastor. Membership twenty. Building cost $1,500. Church at Boonsboro was formed in 1850, by W. M. Burtin, with the following members : John Arnick and wife, William Arnick and wife, Greenfield Hefflefiuger and wife, Henry Cooper, Nancy B. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 345 Cooper, Lettie Sims, Caroline Smith, Ann Sims, Caswell Dunking and Thomas Campbell. Elders of the church at that time were John Arnick and Greenfield Hefiiefinger. William Burton, Castleman, Joel Hayden, Wilmot, Robert N. Hudson, Giles Phillips and Thomas Campbell have each preached for this church. Present member- ship, ninety-nine. Rose Hill Church was organized in 1872, by Elder C. P. Evans. George W. Arnick and wife, and B. J. Ballew and wife were among the original members. Thomas Campbell and R. N. Davis have preached for this congregation. Present membership, seventy- five. Church at Pleasant Green — Elders Joel H. Hayden and Thomas E. Gates organized this church, September 30, 1861. William Allega and wife, and Joseph Silvey and wife were a few of the constituent members. William Burton, Stephen Bush, Taltou Johnson, R. N*. Davis, M. M. Davis, W. N. Tandy, I. P. Witt and R. H. Love have been pastors of this church. James Randall is present minister. House erected, in 1867, at a cost of $1,000. Members number forty-six. Church at Big Springs was organized by John O. White, in 1860, with the following persons : Judge David Pipes and wife, Por- ter Jackman and family, John Arnold, James Pipes, George Pipes, Charles Pipes, and their wives, Talton Johnson and wife, George Drake and wife, and Lyre Martin and wife. Talton Johnson, N. Hockensmith, M. M. Davis and G. M. Perkins have each administered to the spiritual wants of this church. Present membership, sixty ; own a nice house of worship. Richland Church — This is the oldest church of this denomina- tioti in the county, having been established in 1816 ; Elder Thomas McBride officiating. Sion Bradlev and wife, John Thomas and wife, and Holt and wife were a few of the early members. Mc- Bride and son preached for the congregation until 1832. Among other ministers who succeeded the former were Samuel Rodgers, Wil- liam Burton, Joel H. Hayden, A. Proctor, W. H. Roberson, R. N. Davis, M. M. Davis, Robert N. Hudson, I. P. Witt, John C. Woods, William Warden and E. P. Graves. Present membership, eighty. The church owns an edifice worth $800. Mount Pleasant Union Christian church, situated in Bonne •Femme township, Howard county, was organized by Elders William White and John McCuue in September, 1854. The organization num- 346 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. bered twenty-eight members when it was organized — twelve males and sixteen females, to wit : Males. Females. John Evans, Minerva Davis, Moses Cleeton, Sarah L. Fisher, Samuel Moody, Nancy Bailey, G. H. G. Jones, Elizabeth Ancell, Joseph McCune, Rutha Estis, Elijah Ancell, Jane Bailey John Asbury, Sarah A. McCune, Miuter Bailey, Sarah A. Jones, Edward S. Davis, Moriah Cleeton, Anderson Johnson, Agnes Asbury, John McCune, Mary Manning, Thomas Ancell, Lucinda Moody, Sally Ann Gilvin, Sarah J. Johnson, Sarah F. Ancell. The local elders were Minter H. Bailey and Edward S. Davis; the deacons, Thomas Ancell and Anderson Johnson. The church was organized at the Baldridge school-house ; a house of worship was be- o-un the same fall, which cost $700. Elder John McCune preached about nine or ten years — until the war troubles became so bad that he moved to the state of Illinois. The members have been greatly re- duced by the organization of Locust Grove congregation, and also Newhope congregation, and by a number moving away: They now number only about thirty-five members. Elders at present : George W. Potter, Thomas Ancell, Elijah Ancell, Minter H. Bailey ; deacons : Dr. Dougherty, Elisha Ancell and Ed. St. Clair. Locust Grove church — The Church of Christ was organized on the Saturday before second Lord's day in November, 1870, at LocustGrove school-house, in Howard county, Missouri. Elders Talton Johnson and Stephen A. Bush were present and assisted in the organization. Abner Holtzclawand Silas B. Naylor were the elders of the congregation, and Berry Williams and Thomas Jackson, deacons. The organization num- bered twenty — ten males and ten females, to wit: Males. Females. Montreville Reynolds, Frances Reynolds, Y. L. Atkins, Elizabeth Reynolds, Berry Williams, Sarah Ann Craig, J. A. Durnall, Tabitha Holtzclaw, o HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 347 Males. Females. J. C. Foster, Mary Frances Williams, George F. Craig, Margaret A. Holtzclaw, William Campbell, Mary M. Nay lor, Thomas M. Jackson, Elizabeth Campbell, Abner Holtzclaw, Emmarette Campbell, Silas B. Naylor, Sarah A. Foster. Elder Talton Johnson preached two years. On the second Lord's day in September, 1871, Silas B. Naylor was ordained as teacher, elder and bishop, with the privilege of solemnizing marriages, etc., Elder Talton Johnson officiating. Elder Silas B. Naylor began preaching in 1873 and continued until 1880. The congregation at one time numbered between eighty and ninety members, but a number died and moved away ; it now numbers about sixty members. Elders in the congregation now are, Abner Holtzclaw and Silas B Naylor; deacons acting now, Berry Williams and James Holtzclaw ; clerk, George Craig. The Christian church at Newhope, near Bunker Hill, in Howard county, was organized by Elder William Anderson, of Eandolph county, on Saturday before the fourth Lord's day in October, 1874, with about thirty-three members. The local elders selected at the organization were, Dr. Boyd, Augustus G. Atkins and Y. L. Atkins ; the deacons were Robert Dougherty and James T. Reynolds. Elder William Anderson preached about five years. Since that time Elder Silas B. Naylor has been, and is yet, preaching for this church. The officers at this time are, Elders A. G. Atkins, Dr. Boyd, Judge George I. Winn and John W. Lynch; deacons, James T. Reynolds, Robert Dougherty and Jesse Kirby. Present membership is about fifty. Mount Pleasant church — The Church of Christ at Mount Pleasant, near New Franklin, was organized about 1830. The exact date and original members are not known as the books were consumed by fire. The following were among the original members : Wm. Scott and wife, Charles Swope and wife, James Hughes and wife, Thomas H. Hickman and wife, Owen Rowlings and wife, Richard Brannen and wife. They were organized by either Joel Prewitt or Joel H. Hay- den. These were the pastors of the church up to 1840. Elder Wm. Burton was pastor, preaching from 1840 to 1846 ; 1846-49, Elder T. M. Allen, was their preacher; 1849, Elder Samuel S. Church; Thos. M. Allen, 1850, 1851. John W. McGarvey, now of Bible col- lege, Lexington, Kentucky, author of " Commentary on Acts of 348 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Apostles," and " Land of the Bible," was their preacher — the first year of his work as a preacher of the gospel. From 1854 to 1860, Thomas H. Gaines ; 1860, Jonah Atkinson ; 1863, Elder Wilmot ; 1865, T. N. Givens; 1866-70, V. B. Peeler; Wm. H. Blanks, 1872; 1873-78, Jas. Randall ; 1878-79, Jas. M. Tennyson ; 1880-84, James Randall. Wm. Scott was elder of the church from organization to his death, 1849 ; James R. Estill, elder from 1846 to the present, Jas. Randall from 1873 to 1878. Wm. Tutt and Matthew Mullins, deacons from an early day in the history of the church. Robert E. McGooch was deacon until his death, 1875. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Church at Old Franklin (O. S. ) — The first church established in the county by the Old School Presbyterians, or Presbyterians of any name, was organized at Old Franklin on the 28th day of April, 1821, by Rev. Edward Hollister, and known as the Franklin Church. There were twenty-three constituent members ; the names of these we could not get, as no record of the church has been retained and none of the original members are now living. This church was moved to Boonville a few years afterwards, and called the Boonville church. Among the early ministers were Ed- ward Hollister, Augustus Pomeroy, W. P. Cochran and Hiram Cham- berlain. Church at Glasgow — The Old School Presbyterians organized a church March 9, 1845, at Glasgow, Howard county. The constituent members were George Humphreys, Mrs. Mary Burke, Martha N. E. Feazel, Pauline Stratton, Miss Evalina Dyer, Mrs. Nancy Tui-ner, Mrs. Minerva Tillet, Daniel McSwain. This church was organized by Rev. C. D. Simpson, who came from St. Louis, the church being under the charge of the Lexington presbytery. George Humphreys was the elder. In 1866 this church reor- ganized, purchasing the Baptist church edifice at a cost of $5,000, to which were added repairs to the amount of $3,000. The church edifice is a large and substantial brick building with a basement. At this time (1883) they have no regularly employed minister. The last pastor was Rev. Lyman Marshall. The present officers are C. Dantel and T. G. Diggs, deacons. J. W. Marshall, J. M. Feazel and Samuel W. Steinmetz, elders. Present members, forty-eight. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 349 Church at Fayette — In 1848, Kev. Charles Simpson, who had already organized a Presbyterian church at Glasgow, visited Fayette and reorganized the Presbyterian church, it having already been instituted as early as 18 — , by Eev. Augustus Pomeroy. The members were : Mr. and Mrs. McNair, Miss M. Anderson, Dr. W. Snelson ( and wife, Mrs. Prior Jackson, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Hanna, Miss Jane Hughes, Mr. H. Lynch, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Todd with their daughters Laura and Maggie, Miss M. Lynch, Mr. and Mrs. Hunter, Mr. and Mrs. Gatende, Dr. and Mrs. William Everett, William T. Davis and Dr. Dun- widdie* who were made elders, and Mr. James Allen, deacon. Mr. Simpson held services regularly once a month (meeting in the Baptist church) until he was called to St. Louis. The church, though few in number, were a faithful and energetic little band, working faith- fully for the cause of Christianity until they became scattered by the great civil war and other causes. Of the resident members who were present at the reorganization in 1848, Mrs. Prior Jackson is the only one left in Fayette. In 1850, Dr. Gallaher held a meeting in Fayette in the chapel of Central college ; at that time quite a number of adults were added to the church and several infants baptized. He administered the sacra- ment of the Lord's supper at the close of the meeting, the commu- nicants all being seated at a long table, which had been placed upon the platform for that purpose. After Mr. Simpson left Glasgow for St. Louis, Eev. Lee Byer preached once a month in the Methodist church edifice. Like Mr. Simpson he was highly esteemed by the members, but was soon called to another field of labor. Eev. James Quarles was the last pastor that officiated for this church, who remained until the breaking out of the civil war. Church at Roanoke (C. P.) was organized in 1851 by Rev. James Dysart with thirteen members. We were unsuccessful in our efforts to get the names of all the constituent members, but have the names of Arrarah Wayland, Martha Wayland, William Ferguson, Eufe Lockridge, Kate Lockridge and James Wallace. The first ministers were James Dysart, J. W. Morrow and J. B. Mitchell, D. D. The church is in a prosperous condition and now numbers 135 members. Armstrong Organization — The Cumberland Presbyterians have an organization at Armstrong and worship in the Union church edifice. (24) 350 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. EPISCOPAL CHURCH AT FAYETTE. [Prepared by Rev. J. L. Gay.] The first service in Fayette, according to prayer book, was held by Bishop Kemper in the fall of 1835. No further services were at- tempted until November, 1836, when .the Rev. Frederick F. Peake visited Fayette and held service on the 9th day of that month. At that time and for two years afterwards Mr. Peake was only in deacon's orders. He found six members of the church. At his first service a dozen persons joined in the responses. In January, 1837, he gave half his time to Fayette, and in June following he came to reside in the town to take charge of the female academy. Bishop Kemper confirmed five persons in 1837. In May, 1838, Mr. Peake returned to Boonville, where he remained until October, 1839, when he en- tered upon duty in Christ church, St. Louis. In May, 1846 or 1847, Mr. Peake moved to Pensacola, Florida, whither he went in search of his health, and where he died July 21, 1849. The mission at Fay- ette remained vacant until September, 1840, when Rev. James D. Meed held a service every alternate Sunday. There were seven or eight communicants and thirteen families attached to the church at that time. Mr. Meed remained about eight months, when he resigned and went to the Sandwich Islands in search of health. He now re- sides in Woodbridge, Ontario. Bishop Hawks, on May 9, 1845, officiated in the Baptist church. He reported an earnest desire for a resumption of church services. The long vacancy was ended on the 10th of May, 1846, when Rev. Enoch Reid took charge of the church. He was formerly a Methodist minister, and was the first person or- dained by Bishop Hawks. It was during Mr. Reid's incumbency, in 1847, that the parish of St. Mary's was organized and admitted into union with the convention. The congregation was at that time wor- shipping in an upper room of the old court-house, but the sum of $900 had been raised for a church building. Mr. Reid resigned in June, 1847, and died August 6, 1876, in Virginia. In July, 1847, the Rev. John W. Dunn entered upon his work in the parish. In the spring of 1848, the erection of the church edifice was begun ; it was finished November 23, 1850. In the spring of 1851, the trees which now stand in front of the church were planted by Mr. Dunu. In May, 1853, Mr. Dunn reported that in addition to his duties in Fayette he was continuing a monthly service in Glasgow, which he had commenced several years previously, and that a gentle- man of that place had donated a lot for the church, and that a suffi- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 351 cient amount of money had been raised to build a church, which, by the way, has never been erected. In August, 1855, Mr. Dunn re- signed. When he left there were twenty-three communicants. Mr. Dunn now resides in Independence, Missouri. In November, 1856, Eev. William E. Pickman took charge of the parish. In May, 1857, he reported twenty communicants. He resigned December 1, 1858, and went to St. Joseph, Mo. Eev. C. F. Scoss entered upon duty in September, 1859. In May, 1860, he reported twenty-three communicants ; he resigned in 1860, and went to California. During the four years, when the dark cloud of war hung over the land, the parish remained vacant. Eev. John Portmess, an Englishman, entered upon duty as a missionary, June 12, 1864, and remained till January 1, 1865. He could find only thirteen commu- nicants. He is still living in Texas. After another vacancy of four- teen months, Eev. Thomas Greene, entered upon the pastorate of the church. During his ministry, the church lot was enclosed, lamps were purchased and an organ bought. Mr. Greene resigned March 31, 1867, and now lives in Wisconsin. In the summer of 1868, Eev. Granville C. Walker took charge of the church, but retained it only until the close of the year. He is now in Kentucky. In the summer of 1870, the parish was served by two young lay readers, namely, Mr. Abiel Leonard and Mr. Ethelbert Talbot. In 1871, Eev. C. J. Hendley, assumed the rectorship, and in May following, he reported twenty-four communicants, and also re- ported that Mrs. Abiel Leonard (wife of Judge Leonard, now deceased) had donated an acre of land on which to build a rectory, for which $1,350, had been subscribed. In 1872, the rectory was finished and paid for. He resigned in March, 1873, and moved to Maryland. After another vacancy of sixteen months, Eev. J. F. Hamilton took charge of the parish in 1874, and relinquished the same in the spring of 1878. On February 1, 1879, Eev. J. L. Gay assumed the pastoral care of the parish, and reported twenty-eight communicants. Mr. Gay still has charge and has held it longer than any of his predeces- sors, except Mr. Dunn. ra*4«iSis CHAPTEE XIX. LIST OF HOWARD COUNTY OFFICIALS FROM 1816. CIRCUIT COURT JUDGES. 1816. David Barton. 1840. John D. Leland. 1818. Nathaniel B. Tucker. 1847. Win. A. Hall. 1819. David Todd. 1862. G. H. Burckhartt, present 1837. Thomas Reynolds. incumbent. CIRCCJIT ATTORNEYS. 1816. John J. Heath. 1838. J. M. Gordon. 1821. H. E. Gamble. 1848. C. H. Hardin. 1826. Abiel Leonard. 1852. E. T. Prewitt. 1827. Charles French. 1856. John F. Williams. 1828. John Wilson. 1860. H. M. Porter. 1836. Eobert W. Wells. 1862. A. J. Harbison. 1837. W. B. Napton. 1864. W. C. Barr. 1838. Samuel N. Bay. 1868. John H. Overall. Office abolished in 1872, then the office of county attorney wsi* established. COUNTY COURT JUDGES. 1821. Henry V. Bingham, David E. Drake, Thomas Conway. 1825.* Enoch Kemper, George Chapman, John Walker, Ed. V. Warren, John Myers, John Harvey, and others. 1826. John Bird, Joseph Sears, William Taylor, Asa Q. Thomp- son, Adam C. Woods, and others. 1828$ Robert Wilson, Urial Sebree, Eichard Cummins, I Urial Sebree, George Stapleton, Jonathan Crawley. C George Stapleton, N. T. Burckhartt, Jonathan Crawley, 1829 3 George Stapleton, N. T. Burckhartt, Wm. Wright (ap- ( pointed). * The clerk of the county court selected men from the different townships to act as members of the county court. (352) HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 353 1830$ Wm " Wri S ht ' N - T - Burckhartt, John P. Morris, ( John P. Morris, Henry Lewis, Owen Rawlings. 1831. David R. Drake, Henry Lewis, John P. Morris. 1832. David Peeler, David R. Drake, Henry Lewis. 1838. Alfred W. Morrison, Wm. Botts, William Buster. 1840. Wm. Buster, Wm. Botts, A. F. Walden! 1846. C. C. P. Hill, W. M. Jackson, A. F. Walden. 1850. C. C. P. Hill, W. M. Jackson, Thomas J. Owen. 1851. C. C. P. Hill, Wm. Botts, Wm. R. Heath. lg54 ( Wm. R. Heath, H. L* Brown, C. C. P. Hill, ( H. L. Brown, John Swetnam, F. W. Diggs. 1857. John Swetnam. W. M. Jackson, F. W. Diggs. 1858. Wm. R. Heath, Morgan A. Taylor, James McCafferty. 1862. M. H. Harris, John P. Sebree, Isaac P. Vaughan (W. B. Hanna, appointed in July to fill Harris' place, who resigned.) 1863. Wm. B. Hanna, F. W. Diggs, Edward P. Graves. 1865. Wm. B. Hanna, Edward S. Davis, F. W. Diggs. 1867. Wm. R. Heath, Wm. B. Hanna, Morgan A. Taylor. 1870. Wm. R. Heath, Morgan A. Taylor, James McCafferty. 1872. Morgan A. Taylor, John M. Hickerson, James McCafferty. 1874. John M. Hickerson, B. H. Tolson, James McCafferty. 1876. John M. Hickerson, J. R. McDonald, B. H. Tolson. 1878. John M. Hickerson, M. Markland, Sulton Johnson. 1880. John M. Hickerson, M. Markland, H. Kingsbury. 1881. B. H. Tolson, M. Markland, H. Kingsbury. 1883. H. A. Norris, G. J. Winn, J. C. Lee. COUNTT CLERKS. 1821. Hampton, L. Boon, clerk 1845. James H. Saunders. pro tern. 1846. Leland Wright. 1821. Armstead S. Grundy, ap- 1847. Andrew J. Herndon. pointed in May. 1874. Sid. B. Cunningham. 1823. John B. Clark. 1882. Henry C. Tindall. 1842. Nathaniel Ford. CIRCUIT COURT CLERKS. 1816. Gray Bynum. • 1870. John C. Woods elected ; 1842. S. Bynum. Jos. H. Finks filled the 1856. Andrew Cooper. office. 1860. C. H. Stewart. 1879. Walter C. Knaus, present incumbent. 354 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. SHERIFFS. 1816. Nicholas T. Burckhartt. 1822. Benj. R. Ray. 1826. David Prevvitt. 1829. Nathaniel Ford. 1832. Alfred W. Morrison, and collector, ex-officio. 1840. Lewis Crigler, and collector. 1844. Jacob Headrick, and colle'ctor. 1848. Newton G. Elliott, and collector. 1852. Bird Deatherage, and collector. 1856. Boyd McCrary, and collector. 1860. James H. Feland, and collector. 1862. Thomas G. Deatherage, and collector. 1865. Prior M. Jackson, and collector. 1866. John L. Morrison, and collector. 1867. Rice Patterson and collector. 1871. James G. Maupin, and collector. 1873. Wm. O. Burton (office of collector separated). 1874. V. J. Lelaud. 1878. Nestor B. Cooper. 1882. V. J. Leland. David Prewitt. Samuel Shepherd. Enoch Kemper. Wm. B. Warren. The sheriffs were then ex-officio collectors till 1873. 1873. C. E. Burckhartt. 1883. Nestor B. Cooper. COLLECTOR. 1821. Joseph Patterson. 1825. 1822. Benj. B. Ray. 1826. 1822. John Harvey appointed in 1827. August. 1831. 1879. Stephen Cooper. ASSESSORS. 1821. Nicholas T. Burckhartt. 1832. John S. Rucker. 1822. Price Prewitt, Glenn Owen, 1833. Lewis Wilcoxon. • Watts D. Ewin, Geo. -1834. James Turner. Jackson, J. Meyers, 1837. Strother Bramin. . Benj. H. Reeves, John 1845. Andrew Crews, Newton G. Rooker. Elliott. 1823. Watts D. Ewin. 1847. John W. Patton. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 355 1826. 1826. 1830. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1861. 1862. 1865. Joshua W. Redman. 1848*. John Swetnam. Watts D. Ewin appointed 1850. Boyd M. McCrary. in July. 1853. Joseph F. Hughes. Alfred W. Morrison. 1857. James H. Feland. County divided into four assessment districts. John W. Mor- ris, assessor first district; Jus. H. Feland, second; Wm. E. Hackly, third ; Stephen Stemons, fourth. Jno. R. Hitt, first district; Jas. H. Feland, second; Wm. B. Yager, third ; John Q. Hicks, fourth. Jno. R. Hitt. 1866. Harrison P. White. Miles Baldridge. 1872. Boyd M. McCrary, ap- pointed December. Prior M. Jackson. 1883. W. Con. Boon. Harrison Cross. 1874. Wm. H. Moss. 1879. J. R. Gallemore. H. B. Watts. TREASURERS. 1823. John B. Clark, pro tern. 1825! Robert Wilson. 1830. John B. Clark. 1833. John H. Turner. 1840. Alfred W. Morrison. 1845. Leland Wright. 1846. Adam Heudrix. 1858. Walter Adams. 1862. Thomas Ray. 1865. John E. Ewin. 1867. Thomas W. Radford. 1868. John M. Reid. 1876. Jacob Fisher. 1882. Wm. A. Dudgeon. SURVEYORS, 1821* Elias Bancroft, 1843. H. T. Fort. 1821. Lawreuce J. Daley, ap- 1868. Joshua T. Allen. pointed in November. 1872. Henry C. Shields. 1841. James Jackson. 1880. CORONERS. Willard Cloyd. 1816. John Monroe. 1821f Jeremiah Rice. 1841. Nathan H. Stephenson. 1849. Joseph Cary. 1856. R. T. Basye. 1862. James H. Saunders. 1867. John M. Pierce, 1870. Isaac Hamilton. 1872. June Williams. 1878. Richard Enyart. 1880. Von. Bonham. 1882. H. K. Givens. * The early records were very meagre in reference to the surveyors of the county. t Early records meagre in reference to coroner. 356 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATORS. 1841. Samuel C. Majors. 1854. Samuel C. Majors. 1850. John W. Henry. 1880. Thomas O wings. 1853. Thomas M. Perkins. COMMISSIONER OF SCHOOLS. 1841. Owen Rawlings. 1866. W. H. Watts, appointed in 1856. John F. Williams. August. 1856. E. K. Atterbury, resigned. 1870. John B. Hairston. 1857. Wm. T. Lucky, appointed. 1872. Thomas G. Deatherage. 1860. James R. Saltonstall. 1874. J. B. Hairston. 1861. Thomas G. Deatherage. 1876. Thomas Owings. 1866. C. W. Pritchett, appointed 1881. A. F. Willis. in July. PROBATE JUDGES. 1824. Robert Wilson, appointed by the governor, and served until 1827, when the duties of that office were transferred to the county court, which tribunal continued to have jurisdiction of pro- bate matters until 1878, when the probate office was again created. 1879. J. T. Smith. Present incumbent. COUNTY ATTORNEYS. The office of county attorney was created in 1872. Prior to that time the business of that office was done by the circuit attorneys. 1873. James H. Robertson. 1881. Robert C. Clark. 1875. R. B. Caples. 1882. Robert C. Clark. 1879. James H. Robertson. The following in reference to the history of Boonsboro, Boone's Lick township should have been placed on page 156 ; but owing to the fact that it was handed us too late for insertion in its proper place, we insert it here . BOONSBORO, named, also, in honor of Daniel Boone, was laid out in 1840 by Col. N. G. Elliott, Joseph Cooper, Achilles Callaway and Lindsay P. Marshall, on section four, township forty-nine, range seventeen, and twelve miles southeast of Fayette, the county seat. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 357 The first house in the place was erected by Achilles Callaway, soon after the laying out of the town. It was built of logs, and in it Callaway opened a small stock of goods, consisting principally of tobacco and whiskey. He was a native of Howard county, but his pa- rents were from Kentucky. He died in Boone's Lick township, since the late war. He left a widow and several children. The first dry goods and general stock of merchandise was kept by R. H. Turner ; Turner was also the first mail contractor. The first mail facilities enjoyed by the town was during the year 1853, when the people supplied their own mail by the way of New Franklin. The first post-office was established there in 1856, John A. Fisher post- master. The first church edifice was erected about the year 1850, but was not completed until 1853. This was built as a union chapel by the Methodists, the Christians, the Cumberland Presbyterians and the Baptists. Wm. K. Woods was the Baptist minister, Morrow was the Presbyterian, James Penn the Methodist, and Wm. M. Bur- ton was among the early Christian ministers. About the year 1868, the building was taken down and a new one erected in its place by the Christian denomination principally, but with the understanding that it was to be free to all religious bodies. This is all the church building in the town. Hamp. Carson was the first blacksmith. W. J. and F. M. Baugh were two of the first merchants. Stephen Bynum sold goods there soon after the war of 1861. The town contains a population of one hundred and fifty souls. It contains beside the house of worship above mentioned, a school house, two general stores, two drug stores, one blacksmith shop, one wagon and carriage shop, two saloons and a post-ofiice. The postmaster at present is Henry A. Deistelhorst. INCIDENT. Many years ago — before the late war — a young married man by the name of Cassius Nelson, was riding along very fast, horseback, into Boonsboro, and after reaching the town his horse in making a short turn in the road threw him against a stump, killing him almost instantly. mmm^mi BIOGRAPHICAL. RICHMOND TOWNSHIP. DR. JOHN T. BAILEY, one of the oldest members of the medical profession in Howard county, was born in Campbell county, Va., January 25, 1824. His parents were also natives of the Old Dominion, and were both de- scended from early colonial families. His father, Robert V. Bailey, was born in that state, December 2, 1799, and was married in early manhood to Miss Lucy L. Buster, of which union, Dr. John F., the subject of this sketch, was the first of a family of twelve children. In 1837, the family came to Missouri, and settled in Boone county, and there Dr. Bailey, then a youth thirteen years of age, attended the local schools and received a substantial English education. He then, in 1844, entered vigorously upon the study of medicine, under the in- struction of his uncle, Dr. Buster, of Rocheport, Mo., in which he continued four years. In the meantime he attended the medical school in the University of Louisville, Ky., and, in 1848, located at Miami, Mp., in the practice of his profession. There he remained until the fall of 1849, when he returned to Boone county ; but, in 1850, he went to California, where he practised until in 1854. Re- turning then to Missouri, in June of that year, he came to Howard county, locating at Bunker Hill ; and four years afterwards, in 1858, he came to Fayette, his present home. He was married February 1, 1858, to Mrs. Mary E. Nichols, a widow lady of the most excellent worth, and two children were born to them — Robert V., now deceased, and Fannie L. Dr. Bailey is a member of the I. O. O. F., and of the Masonic order, in which he is also a Knight Templar. His life has been an active and eminently useful one. Visiting the sick and admin- istering to the suffering for a period of nearly forty years, he has attained and long held a position in his profession as an able and suc- cessful physician. ROBERT W. BASKETT. Nearly all the old settlers of Howard county are either Virginians by birth or by descent, for those who came from Kentucky and the other states were generally of Virginia parentage. But many came directly from the Old Dominion, that mother of pioneers as well as of (358) HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 359 presidents, and among these were Robert W. Baskett and his parents. Robert Baskett, the father of Robert W., was born in Virginia, in 1790, and when a young man was married in that state to Miss Lu cy ,Crewdson, who was born in 1788. They had five children, of whom Robert W. was one. In 1839, they came to Howard county, settling near Fayette, where the father subsequently died. Mrs. Baskett died in 1844. Robert W. was born in Fluvanna county, Va., April 18, 1820, and was therefore nineteen years of age when he came to this county. Having been reared on a farm, he naturally chose farming as his occu- pation in life, which he has since followed. On the 18th of February, 1845, he was married to Miss Emeline P., daughter of Uriah Sebree, who came to Howard county in 1818. They have two children — John S. and William C. In 1850, Mr. Baskett settled on the farm where he now lives. It contains 470 acres of superior land, and is one of the best improved farms in the county. As a farmer, Mr. B. has been more than ordinarily successful. Industry, enterprise and intelligent management have made him one of the solid men of How- ard county. Aside from his success in a pecuniary point of view, he is a man that commands the respect and wins the good opinions of all who know him. Conservative and fair in his views, and careful not to form unjust conclusions, when he does determine upon a course as a proper one, he is the most resolute and inflexible of men. And be- cause of this firmness of character, resulting from strong and intelli- gent convictions, he is a man whose opinions are not only respected but are felt to be a potent force whenever and wherever given. REV. WILLIAM F. BELL. Thirty-two years devoted to the service of God and humanity, sums up in a line the career, thus far, of Rev. William F. Bell. Having now passed the meridian of life, and as the shadows of old age approach, it cannot but be the consolation of consolations to look back over the path he has trodden, rough and thorny though it may have been, and reflect that the world has been made better and purer and brighter, by his having travelled it. Rev. William F. Bell was born in Old Franklin, Howard county, Missouri, February 16, 1831. John W. Bell, his father, was a native of Virginia, and was born in Augusta county, July 4, 1805. Having emigrated to Missouri in 1830, settling first at Old Franklin and subsequently at other points, he died in Mexico, this state, in 1880. Mrs. Bell, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Combs, the mother of Rev. William F., was also a native of Virginia, having been born in that state in 1803. She preceded her husband in death six years. The first nine years of the Rev. William F. Bell's life were spent in Old Franklin, where his father's family then lived. In 1840, the family moved to Macon county, Missouri, and there he was reared and educated. In 1851, having qualified himself for the ministry in the meantime, he returned to Howard county, the home of his childhood, and during the same 360 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. year was admitted to the Missouri conference of the Methodist Epis- copal church, south. Thereupon, he entered actively upon the duties of the ministiy, which he has since followed. Among the prominent fields in which he has labored may be mentioned the following : Fulton circuit, Callaway county ; Maryville circuit, Nodaway county ; Oregou circuit, Holt coiinty ; also Savannah circuit, and Chillicothe circuit. In 1859, he was appointed to the New Franklin circuit for two years ; and for the next succeeding two years he was on the Columbia circuit. Continuing in the ministry, in 1867-68-69, he was on the Fayette circuit. The last two years immediately preceding his present charge, he occupied the Roanoke circuit ; and now he is again on the New Franklin circuit, where he was nearly twenty-five years ago. In 1854, August 2d, he was married to Miss Martha L. Kenyon, of Nodaway county, Missouri, and of this union two children were born, both of whom are now dead. Having lost his wife, who shortly followed her children to the grave, on the 1st of April, 1861, he was again married, Miss Sarah D. Ridgeway, of Howard county, becoming his wife. Of this union eight children were born, five of whom are still living, namely : John B., Anna L., William C, Marvin P., and Ada P. Mr. Bell never used liquor or tobacco in any form, or played a game at cards. As a man and citizen, Rev. William Bell occupies the place in the esteem of the people a minister of the gospel should hold, and as a clergyman he is one Whose hands are pure, whose doctrine and whose life, Coincedent, exhibit lucid proof That he is honest in the sacred cause. JOHN B. BELL, groceries and hardware. John B. Bell, son of Rev. William F. Bell, a sketch of whose life has just been given, is perhaps the youngest man engaged in business on his own account, in Fayette, being now but twenty-one years of age. He began business in July, 1880, and his career thus far has been characterized by marked success, and he carries a large and well-selected stock of goods. He was born in Howard county, Missouri, February 3, 1862, and was reared and educated in this county. Besides excellent school advantages in early youth, young Bell had the benefit of constant instruction from his father, not only in the knowledge derived from books, but in the deeper and better lessons of life which go to form and strengthen character. And it is due to this, doubtless, more than to any other cause, that at so early an age he is qualified to conduct, with success a large and important business. CHARLES BERKLEY, ■ the eldest of a family of five children, was born in Clark county, Kentucky, March 5th, 1841. His father, John W. Berkley, was a native of the same state, born August 13th, 1813. His mother, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 361 whose maiden name was Sallie A. Lisle, was also a native of Ken- tucky, the date of her birth being February 3, 1824. Their marriage occurred January 6, 1840. The'former died May 23, 1862, and the latter March 19, 1862. Charles was reared on a farm at his birth place and remained there until 1861, when he came to Howard coun- ty, Mo. In 1867 he settled where he now lives in section thirty. His farm consists of 276 acres of land. He was married February 8th, 1865, to Miss Anna E. Patterson, daughter of J. W. A. Patterson, of this county. They have a family of four children living: — Stella, Mary, William, and Thomas L., three being deceased. REV. HAMPTON L. BOON, a relative of the distinguished Hampton family, of South Caro- lina, and whose father was a nephew of Daniel Boone, the pioneer of civilization in Kentucky and Missouri, lived a life and died a death worthy of his name and lineage. Hampton L. Boon was a man of strong character, yet a man of the most tender sympathies and of the most devoted domestic affection. His family he loved above all else on earth, yet in his heart there was a divine love that led him to adorn One above the earth, and to devote much of a well -spent life to His service. In the time and the new country in which he lived, ministers of the gospel were compelled to provide mainly for their own support and for that of their families. Hence we find him alternating between the pulpit and secular employments, and often doing service in both for years at a time. Thus he lived out his lease of life, reared his family in the fear of God and finally died a death such as only the true Christian can die. He was born in Shelby county, Kentucky, June 29th, 1802. He was educated for the profession of the law, but nature intended him for the pulpit ; so that instead of entering the former, he gave himself to the duties of the sanctuary. In the year 1818, he came with his father's family to Loutre island, in what is now known as Montgomery county, this state, where he sold goods for his father, William Boon, about two years. In 1820 he came on to Old Franklin in this county, where he also engaged in the mercan- tile business, and on the 18th of December^ 1822, he married Miss Maria Louisa Roberts. Subsequently, he followed merchandising in Fayette, and at another time was employed as clerk under Captain Whitmore, the agent of the government appointed to make certain payments to the Indians then due, aud while thus employed made several trips up and down the river. He was then appointed register of the land office at Old Franklin and afterwards at Fayette, which position he held about twelve years and until the inauguration of Gen- eral Harrison .as president, in 1841. In the meantime he had been giving much thought to religious matters, and, having joined the church in 18-28, he entered the Methodist Episcopal ministry, in which he continued as a local preacher until 1840. Having studied closely the church tenets of the different denominations, his convictions of 3(52 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. duty lead him to sever his relations with the Methodist church, which he did, and he then joined the Christian church, becoming a minister in that denomination, in which he continued the remainder of his life. About 1832 he came to Fayette and one year afterwards engaged in the mercantile business in this place, which he followed until 1840. In 1842 he was appointed clerk of the supreme court at Jefferson City, where he went the same year, and two years afterwards his fam- ily followed him. He was clerk of the supreme court about six years and until the court was divided about 1848. For several years during his official term in Jefferson City he was the editor of the Metropoli- tan, a democratic newspaper published there, and that paper, under his editorship, was the first paper in the state to take a stand against Thomas H. Benton. The winter of 1849-50 he spent in St. Louis, but, his health failing, he returned to Fayette in March of 1850, and here resumed work in the Christian ministry until his death, which occurred in March, 1851. Notwithstanding he led an active business life, for he was a man of great energy, he never lost sight of his duties as a minister ; and during much of the time that he was engag- ed in business pursuits, he also filled his place in the pulpit ; and the purity of the doctrines he taught was revealed in the purity of the life he led. Benjamin W. Boon, his son, was born in Fayette, Howard county, Missouri, December 2, 1843. In 1858 the family moved to Savannah, Andrew county, this state, where young Boon at- tended school, and received a practical English education. In 1863, he returned to Fayette and shortly afterwards entered a dry goods store as clerk, which business he continued until 1880, when he was appointed deputy county collector under Colonel Stephen Cooper. At the expiration of Colonel Cooper's 'term, in 1882, he was again appointed by Mr. N. B. Cooper, who succeeded Colonel Cooper in office, and this position he now holds. Ben Boon possesses all the qualifications to make him a use- ful and popular man in any community. Generous, honest and genial, he naturally wins the good opinion and confidence of all with whom he comes in contact. GEORGE H. BOUGHNER, of Boughner, Tolson & Smith, dealers in grain, groceries, hard- ware and implements, a Canadian by birth and one of the self-made business men of Howard county, came to this county in 1865. He was born December 18, 1848. At the age of eighteen he resolved to seek his fortune on this side of the St. Lawrence. In 1862, there- fore, he came to the United States, pushing on before settling, to Memphis, Tennessee, where he engaged in the lumber business, con- tinuing there two years. Influenced by the recollections of his early home, which he cherished fondly, he then determined, with Hamlet, that— *■ " At night we'll feast together Most welcome home !" HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 363 and accordingly he returned for a short visit to the scenes of his childhood. His stay was brief, however, for in 1865 he was again found journeying to the southward, or rather to the south westward , and this time came to Howard county, arriving here in December of that year. Here he engaged in farming and the stock business with K. E. Earickson, in which he continued with marked success until 1876,. when he became a contractor for convict labor from the Missouri penitentiary, employing it mainly in the manufacture of wagons at Jefferson City. This he discontinued after the expiration of a year and returned to Howard county, engaging in Estill in merchandising, which he followed two years from 1878. In 1880 he came to Fayette and became a partner in the firm of Boughner & Hughes, which was the predecessor of the present firm of Boughner, Tolson & Smith. Enterprise and industry has stamped him as one of the self-reliant, successful business men of the county. December the 18th, 1878, Miss Mollie Burkhart became his wife. Mr. Boughner is a member of the Masonic order and is a Knight Templar in that order. MOETIMEE A. BOYD, of Boyd & Shafroth, grocers, etc. A sketch of Mr. Boyd's life, so far as Howard county is concerned, covers a period of but twelve years, yet so thoroughly has he become identified with the business interests of Fayette that his biography justly claims a place in this work. He was born in Virginia December 8, 1844. His father, John Boyd, and his mother, Mrs. S. A. Boyd, whose maiden name was King, were both also natives of Virginia, where they were mar- ried ; and in Warren county, of that state, Mortimer A., the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated. In 1861, Mr. Boyd enlisted in the Confederate army in company E, 12th Virginia cavalry, and continued in the service until the close of the war. Keturning to his native county in 1865, he remained but a short time, coming to Mis- souri in the spring of 1866. In this state he first settled in Eoche- port and engaged there in the mercantile business, which he followed at that place until 1872, when he came to Fayette, Missouri. Here he at once engaged in the grocery trade, Mr. Carson being his part- ner in business ; but a year afterwards he formed his present partner- ship, which has since continued without interruption. Mr. Boyd was married December 8, 1870, to Miss Mary E. Kirby, a native of Boone county, Missouri. They have one child, Ora W. He is a Knight Templar in the Masonic order. As a business man he is regarded as a capable and successful merchant, and as a citizen, honorable and public-spirited. EEV. M. J. BEEAKEE, pastor of the Baptist church of Fayette, one of the really able and thoroughly educated clergymen of this state, and a minister as emi- nent for his Christian piety and his zeal in the nulpit as for his ability 364 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. and attainments, was reared in South Carolina, but was partly edu- cated in this state, and here, principally, he has been engaged in his life-work since he entered the ministry. His father, Rev. J. M. C. Breaker, was a native of South Carolina, and he is at this time a prominent Baptist clergyman of Texas. His mother, however, whose .maiden name was Emma Juhan, was originally of Milledgeville, Geor- gia. They were married in Greenville, South Carolina, in 1849. Rev. M. J. Breaker was born in Newberne, North Carolina, March 9, 1850. He was educated in Wofford college, South Carolina ; in Washington university, St. Louis, Missouri, and in William Jewell, Liberty, Mis- souri. He studied theology in the Southern Baptist college, now Theological seminary, of Louisville, Kentucky, from which he was graduated in 1873. In 1869 he was licensed to preach, and in 1872 was ordained a minister. He has since received the degree of master of arts from the LaGrange college of this state. His first charge as a minister was in South Carolina. Then, in 1873, he accepted a call from Glasgow, Missouri. In 1876, he was elected president of Mt. Pleasant college, at Huntsville, Missouri, which position he filled until 1879, when he came to Fayette as pastor of the Baptist church of this city. Mr. Breaker is a minister of superior ability, both natural and acquired, and, above all, he is a sincere, faithful and zealous Christian. On the 13th of May, 1873, he was married to Miss Mary Timms, of Clay county, Missouri, a young lady oi'iginally from West Virginia. They have three children, Mary, Paul T. and Emma. JAMES B. BROOKS, of Brooks & Morrison, livery business. Mr. Brook's life divides itself into three periods — his 3'outh, his experience in the war and his career since as a citizen and business man. But a sketch of no man's life is justly considered complete without a reference to his ancestry. His father, Ira S. Brooks, was born in Madison county, Kentucky, May 1, 1808. He was married three times ; first to Sarah Brooking, September 2, 1830, also a native of Kentucky; after her death to Louisa Owens, in this state, October 20, 1840, and again, she also having died, to Elizabeth Bosy, who still survives him. He died June 20, 1871. He came to Missouri about 1834, and came to this county in 1844. James B. Brooks, the subject of this sketch, and son by his father's first marriage, was born in Boone county, Mis- souri, October 21, 1839, but was brought with his father's family five years afterwards to this county, where he was reared and educated. In 1861, at the age of twenty-four years, he enlisted in the "Rich- mond Grays," the company of which General John B. Clark, Jr., was the captain, at the commencement of the war. After the expiration of this term of service he joined the celebrated "Bledsoe Battery," with which he served until the surrender, in 1865. Returning home after the surrender, in 1866 he engaged in the livery business, which he has since followed. As a business man he has been successful, and as a citizen he is well respected. He is a Knight Templar in the Masonic order. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 365 GEORGE C. AND BENNETT W- BROWN. Bennett C. Brown, the father of George C. and Bennett W., was a son of James Brown, who, with his family, settled in Howard county from Kentucky in 1818. Bennett C. was then butthree years old, hav- ing been born in Madison county, Kentucky, January 7, 1815. His father, James Brown, was one of the early settlers of Kentucky, and coming here as early as 1818, he, of course, also became one of the pioneers of Howard county. He died in this county in 1842. One year after his father's death, Bennett C, then in his twenty-ninth year, was married, November 28, 1843, to Miss Mary Cason, a native of Virginia, and by this union two children were reared — George C. and Bennett W. Both were born in this county — George C. on January 5, 1845. Bennett C, the father, was a farmer by occupation, as his father before him had been, and in 1847 he opened the farm where his sons now reside. There he lived until his death, which occurred October 2, 1882. Prior to this, however, on the 29th of March, 1873, a heavy shadow fell across his declining years. His wife, the object of his early and life-long love — she who had shared all his hopes and disappointments and had borne a brave and noble part by his side in the struggle of life — passed away forever. Bennett W., the younger brother, was reared to habits of industry, and in a family where everything but honor and purity of thought was a stranger ; and, favored with a substantial education, he may confident- ly hope to make his way in the world as successfully and honorably as his father lived, and with infinitely less difficulty and hardship. George C. has always followed the occupation in which his father brought him up — farming. Nevertheless, he was given a good oppor- tunity to acquire an education, which he did not fail to improve. He had the advantage of the common schools and also a course in Central college. In 1870 he went to Louisiana to engage in cotton-growing. He remained away one year, and while his success was not discourag- ing, he saw that a man who owns a farm of Howard county land and is willing to work it, has but little reason to wish for a change. Since then he has lived in this county, and since his father's death he and his brother have had charge of the home farm, which contains nine hundred acres. Besides this, he has a two-hundred acre farm of his own, which he also superintends. He was married March 7, 1865, to Miss Mary E. , a daughter of James Richardson , of this county. They have one daughter — Mabel. L. P. BURRUS, dentist, is now engaged in the practice of his profession with Dr. Fen- ton in Fayette. He was a son of Thomas P. Burrus, an old and life- long citizen of Howard county, now deceased. L. P. Burrus' father was a native of this county and was born December 24, 1811. Hav- ing been reared on the farm he adopted farming as his occupation, which he followed through life. On the 18th of April, 1839, he was (25) 366 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. married to Miss Susan E. Blythe, daughter of an old resident family of this county. She was born March 28, 1820. Eight children were reared of the union, of whom L. P. was the youngest, as follows: Thomas B., Montgomery S., Davenport, Mary J., Aphollonia, Or- leans, Corrella and Lavosker P. The father died August 3, 1870, and Mrs. Burrus, eight years afterwards, July 8, 1878. Thomas P. Bur- rus was an upright and honorable man, an excellent farmer, and was highly respected as a citizen and neighbor. L. P. was educated in the common schools and in Central college. He was born July 14, 1861. He studied dentistry under C. K. Fenton, of Fayette, with whom he is now practising. C. R. CASHELL, farmer, section 22, the owner of a well improved farm of 111 acres, came originally from Jefferson county, Ohio, where he was born, April 16, 1838. His father was born in Maryland, and his mother was a native of New Jersey. C. R. learned the trade of blacksmithing in Ohio, following it as his occupation for thirty years. May 30, 1850, Miss Electra A. Chapman, of Erie county, Pennsyl- vania, became his wife. To them were born five children, three of whom survive: William S., George W. and Henry S. Mrs. C. died November 25, 1865, and on November 25, 1870, he married Miss Nancy Boyd, of Jefferson county, Ohio. March 14, 1874, Mr. Cashell came to Howard county, Missouri, and has since resided here. He belongs to the Masonic lodge, at Fayette. His wife is a mem- ber of the M. E. church. He served for three and one-half years during the late war. JAMES D. CHORN. James M. Chorn, the father of James D., one of the most highly respected citizens and farmers of Howard county, was killed during the late war, leaving his wife a widow and his children orphans. James D. was then (1865) but eleven years of age, so that with the love and encouragement of a tender and devoted mother as his only help, he has had to make his own way in the world from early youth. And how he has succeeded, is strikingly shown by the high esteem in which he is held, and the fact that now, at the age of twenty- nine, he owns a handsome farm containing three hundred and thirty acres. His father was an early settler in this county, from Clark county, Kentucky, and his mother, who before her marriage, was a Miss Nancy J. Rollins, was a native of this couuty. They reared five chil- dren besides James D., four of whom, including jas. D., are still living. Mrs. Chorn died in 1873. James D. has combined stock dealing with farming and has been successful in both occupations. He remained on the homestead farm until 1869, and then for two years afterwards he farmed and traded in connection with Robert Estill. March, 1881, he settled on his present farm. He was mar- HISTORY .OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 367 ried October 3, 1878, to Miss Mattie Maupin, of Kentucky. They have one child, Lewis M. Mr. Chorn is a member of the A. O. U. W. ROBERT C. CLARK was born in Howard county, Missouri, January 1, 1846. His father, General John B. Clark, a sketch of whose life appears elsewhere, was a native of Madison county, Kentucky, but came to Missouri when quite young, and afterwards became one of the most prominent men in the history of the state. His mother, whose maiden name was Eleanor Turner, was also born in Kentucky. Mrs. Clark died in 1873, General Clark still surviving her. Reared by such parents, young Robert C, as would be expected, enjoyed exceptional advantages for the improvement of the many strong and excellent traits of his charac- ter. After a thorough preparatory course in the primary and inter- mediate schools, he attended the graded school of Glasgow, Missouri, under Professor W. S. Davis, an educator of great zeal and abilitv. In 1865 he attended Stewart's commercial college, in St. Louis, and there familiarized himself with the principles and details of commer- cial business. After his course at commercial college he accepted a position as clerk of a steamboat, which he held for two years. He was now twenty years of age, and the realization forced itself upon him that he was not intended for a commercial life. Accordingly, in the fall of 1866, he returned to Fayette and at once entered vigorously upon the study of law. For two years he applied himself with great energy and resolution, and, enjoying the advantage of the constant instruction of his father, at the expiration of that time was admitted to the bar. Commencing at once the active practice of his profession, his success soon qualified his own hopes and fulfilled the expectation of his friends. He was twice chosen municipal attorney of the city of Fayette, and in 1880 was elected prosecuting attorney of the county, being re-elected to that office in 1882, his present term to expire in 1884. In 1879 he was married to Miss Bettie Howard, a daughter of Benjamin Howard, one of the pioneer settlers and substantial citizens of Howard county. Two children, Robert C. and Benjamin H., have been born of this marriage, Mr. Clark is a; Knight Templar in the Masonic order and a leading member of the A. O. IT. W. JAMES CONDRON. Mr. Condron is of Pennsylvania parentage, his father and mother having both been natives of that state. His father, Peter Condron, was a man of great energy and of an enterprising spirit. At an early day in the history of Missouri, he emigrated to this state and here opened a farm which became his permanent home. His wife was a Miss Elizabeth Bryant before their marriage, and they had ten child- ren, of whom James was the second. Mrs. Condron died in 1859. Her husband survived her nearly twenty years, following her in death in 1878. James, the subject of this sketch, was born in Carroll 368 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPEK COUNTIES. county, Missouri, September 14, 1841. He had the advantages, of good schools in his youth and received a substantia], practical educa- tion. He followed farming where he was brought up until 1865, when he removed to Howard county, settliag on the place where he now lives. He has a farm of 280 acres of excellent land, and it is one of the best improved and best kept farms in the county. As a farmer, Mr. Condron is a representative of the best class, and most progressive and enterprising agriculturalists we have. He was married November 10, 1864, to Miss Lizzie Todd, daughter of P. Todd, an old pioneer of Howard county. They have five children, Mary F., William J., Florence J., Alice B., and Olivia. SAMUEL TEIBBLE CREWS, M. D. Among the few old landmarks of the early settlement of Howard county that remain among us to remind us, by their white hairs and bent forms of the debt of gratitude we owe to that noble race of brave- hearted pioneers who found this county a wilderness, and gave it to us one of the fairest and most prosperous parts of a great commonwealth, is the venerable old patriarch whose name heads this sketch. Dr. Crews is now far advanced into his eighty-fourth year, and for nearly sixty years from early manhood, his life has been prominently and usefully identified with the history of Howard county. Himself a man whose citizenship has been an honor and a blessing to the county, he comes of an ancestry in every way worthy to have had such a descendant. His grandfather on his father's side, David Crews, was a sturdy, strong-minded Englishman, well-educated, and courageous in thought and deed, who immigrated to Virginia with his family some time prior to the revolution. When the war for independence broke out, he was ,one of the first to rally to the defence of the colonies. He followed the flag of the young republic through all the hardship and suffering of that memorable struggle, and until it floated in final triumph over Yorktown. The country he had shown the valor to defend, he had the courage, fortitude and industry to open up to civilization. He became a pioneer settler in Kentucky shortly after the close of the war. Leaving his family in Virginia, he first came out to what is now known as the Blue Grass regions, where he built a fort and raised a crop. Returning then to Virginia he brought out his family to his new home in the fall of 1780, and lived there until his death. He be- came a highly successful farmer and owned large bodies of land in what are now Bourbon, Clark and Madison counties. His wife, to whom he was married before leaving England, was formerly a Miss Annie Magee. They reared nine children, four daughters and five sons. David, the doctor's father, was the youngest of the sons. David Crews inherited all the strong and better qualities of his father's character, and became one of the most substantial and highly esteemed citizens of Madison county. He was a farmer by occupation and was abundantly successful in his chosen calling. In about 1799 he was married to Miss Sallie Tribble, daughter of Andrew and Sallie Trib- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 369 ble, who were also early settlers in Kentucky, from Virginia. Mrs. Crews' father was a pioneer Baptist minister in Kentucky, and became widely known in those early days as one of the ablest preachers of his time. Her brother, Peter Tribble and brother-in-law David Chinault, also became distinguished Baptist clergymen. Of the family of chil- dren of David, fils, and Sallie Crews, the doctor was the eldest and was born in Madison county, Kentucky, May 1, 1800. His father being a man in easy circumstances and of liberal ideas with regard to education, young Samuel T. was given good school advantages, and acquired an excellent English education. After completing his gen- eral course, he entered upon the study of medicine and in due time became a matriculate in the medical department of the Transylvania university, of Kentucky, from which he was graduated with high honor in 1824. Naturally of a self-reliant, independent disposition, and spurred on by the laudable ambition to rise in the world by his own merits and exertions, the year after his graduation he resolved to quit the home of his birth where he was favored by family influence and friends, and to cast his fortunes with the new Boone's Lick country in Missouri, then the centre of attraction to westward emi- gration. Accordingly he came to Howard county. Here, as the sequel shows, he realized all the hopes with which he started out in the world. As years passed by, he steadily rose in his profession, and the accumulation of property resulting from an extensive and suc- cessful practice kept pace with the progress of his reputation as a physician. Before the meridian of life was reached he had become one of the well-to-do citizens and most prominent practitioners in the county. In 1828 he was married to Miss Elizabeth, a daughter of William Ward, Esq., now deceased, for many years one of the most respectable citizens of the county. After practising a number of years in Fayette he removed to a handsome farm in the country, where he lived and pursued the practice of his profession until the close of the civil war. Returning then to Fayette, he has continued here since. While Dr. Crews has been thoroughly devoted to his profession, which he has ornamented with his learning, will and ability, his usefulness has not been wholly confined to his chosen calling in life, for as a citizen he has always taken an active and important part in all movements designed for the advancement of the material and social interests of the community. He has long been an earnest and exemplary member of the Christian church, and one of the most active and generous of that denomination in promoting the cause of religion in this portion of the county. As a physician, citizen and neighbor, and in every relation of life, he has ever borne a name without reproach, and now, in the twilight of old age, he enjoys the highest reward this world can offer for a worthy and successful life — the respect and con- fidence of his neighbors and acquaintances, and the affection and ven- eration of family and friends. Dr. and Mrs. Crews have reared a family of worthy and accomplished children, and several of them are now themselves heads of families. 370 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. HAMILTON CREWS. In sketching the lives of the men who have made Howard county what it is — one of the foremost comities in the state — the name of Hamilton Crews could not be passed without injustice both to him and to the county itself. He has lived in this county fifty years, and every year of this half century has been a year of honest industry, contribut- ing to the development and prosperity of the county. He was born in Madison county, Ky., April 8, 1818; sixteen years afterwards he came to Howard county, and the balance of his life, the best energies of a strong and vigorous manhood, have been spent in this county. He was married, August 15, 1842, to Miss Elizabeth Withers, daugh- ter of James Withers, an old settler of the county, and of this union, six children have been reared — Nannie J., John P., Paul T. S., Mol- lie E., James E. and Lou. Mr. Withers is a farmer and is classed among the best citizens of the county. Paul S. Crews, son of Hamilton Crews, was born in this county, April 4, 1852, and was reared on the farm. Having been brought up on a farm, he adopted that as his regular calling in life, and he has since followed it. In 1876, he located on the farm which, in connec- tion with his brother, he now cultivates. He is a member of the Christ- ian church. James E. Crews, a younger son of Hamilton Crews, is also a native of Howard county, and was born August 8, 1857. He took the usual course in the common schools, and after qualifying himself for a higher course of study, entered the commercial college at Boonville, Mo., where he acquired an excellent education. After his college course, in 1879, he went to Texas, where he was engaged with Capt. Hayes, of Ft. Smith, in surveying land in that state. In 1881, he re- turned to Missouri, and, in 1883, settled on the place where he now lives. He has one hundred and fifteen acres of improved land, belong- ing to a tract of two hundred and thirty acres. WINCHESTER DAVIS. Mr. Davis is one of a class of which there are now a great many in Howard county — thoroughly educated farmers. Besides a com- plete course in the common schools, he also attended Central college in Fayette, and Mt. Pleasant college in Huntsville, and so far from harboring the thought that the more advanced education he thus ac- quired raised him above the occupation of a farmer, he recognizes the fact in all its force that he was thereby only that much better qualified for his chosen pursuit. His father, Joseph Davis, a well-known law- yer of Fayette, Mo., was of Christian county, Ky., and came to How- ard county in or about 1818. Mrs. Davis, the mother of the subject of this sketch, was a Miss Sarah E. Green before her marriage, and was a native of Tennessee. They had four children, of whom Win- chester was the second. Winchester was born in Fayette, Mo., June 21, 1844, but was principally reared on his father's farm, where he formed HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. . 371 that predilection for agricultural pursuits that afterwards determined his calling in life. In the heated and excited state of the war feeling in this county it was practically impossible for young men to remain at home in safety, and whatever their inclinations might be, they were compelled to take the side of one party or the other. Young Davis' connections and sense of duty inclined" him to the cause of the Union, hence, in 1863, when nineteen years of age, he joined the Union army, entering the pay department with the rank of lieutenant, where he remained nine months and then resigned. In the fall of 1864, he went to Minnesota and was engaged in the fur trade, buying all over the far northwest, including the western Canadian provinces, In 1865, he returned to Howard county, and, in the spring of 1866, began farming on the home place, where he continued until 1878. He then settled on his present place, where he owns two hundred and fifty acres of land. He was married November 29, 1865, to Miss Estelle Prewitt, of Fayette, Mo., an accomplished lady, daughter of R. F. Prewitt, a present member of the Fayette bar. They have four children living — Prewitt, Martha, Wendell and an infant. Mr. Davis is a member of A. O. U. W., and of the M. E. church. JAMES B. DAVIS. James Davis, the great grandfather of James B., was born in Wales and emigrated to the United State in 1727, and settled in Penn- sylvania. He had a family of ten sons and one daughter. Jonathan Davis, his grandfather, was born in Pennsylvania and removed to Virginia. John Davis, the father of James B. and son of Jonathan Davis, was born in Pennsylvania, April 4, 1781. In 1804 he came to St. Charles county, Missouri, and lived there until his death which occurred in 1846. His mother's maiden name was Susan Bryan ; she was a native of North Carolina, and her family came to Kentucky with Daniel Boone. She lived in Kentucky until 1807 and then came to St. Charles county, Missouri, where she was married. She died October 18th, 1854. James B. was born in what is now Warren county, August 31, 1811. He was reared on a farm in his native county and remained there until 1866, and then removed to Franklin county and was engaged in farming and milling until 1881, when he came to Howard county and purchased 310 acres in section 2, known as the Governor Reynolds farm. He was married March 1st, 1840, to Miss Lydia A. Wheeler, a native of Missouri. • To them were born three children, of whom only one, John C, is now living. Mrs. Davis died August 5th, 1845. His second marriage occurred June 30th, 1850, to Miss Permelia Bryan, a native of this state. There are by this marriage six children living, H. Bascom, Joshua C, Charles E., William A., Mary G. now Mrs. David- son, Martha E. now Mrs.Goode. Their eldest son, Henry C. , was aphy- sician and had charge of the quarantine in St. Louis in 1878 during the yellow fever scourge, and died October 15th, of that year. Mr. and Mrs. Davis are members of the M. E. church. Mr. Davis while living in Warren county held the office of assessor twelve years. 372 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. JAMES DEATHERAGE. The farmers of Howard county, and particularly the young farmers, are justly classed among the most intelligent, progressive and successful in the state. This is undoubtedly due namely to two things — a good land and liberal education, and the last is by no means the least. Mr. Deatherage was educated at Central college and he is one of the educated, progressive young farmers of the coun- ty. He was born in this county October 24th, 1856, and is a son of Bird Deatherage, whose sketch will be found on these pages. He farmed at home with his father until the spring of 1882, when he came to the place where he now lives. He has three hundred and thirty- nine acres of land and his improvements are of a good quality. He was married December 20th, 1882, to Miss Octavia Rooker, a daugh- ter of John A. J. Rooker, an old resident of the county. COL. BIRD DEATHERAGE, twice a member of the legislature from Howard county, and former sheriff of the county for four years, was the second of a family of eight, the children of Amos Deatherage and his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin Howard, both parents having been natives of Kentucky, and afterwards among the first settlers of Howard county, this State. Amos Deatherage, the father, was born in March, 1782, and his wife, Elizabeth, in March, 1790. In 1817, they immigrated to Howard county, Colonel Bird Deatherage, the subject of this sketch, then being but six years old. In 1820 the family settled in section 5, of this township, where they lived until 1824, when they settled in section 7, on the farm now known as " Elkin place." Subse- quently, in 1836, they settled permanently on the farm where the parents continued to live until their deaths, which occurred, the father's September 24, 1840, and the mother's November 24, 1858. Amos Deatherage, the father, was prominently identified with the early im- provement of the county, and was looked upon as among the first of the brave-hearted, enterprising pioneers who cleared away the wilder- ness and made the country a fitting home for an intelligent and pros- perous people. Mrs. Deatherage was a Howard — need more be said? In her were the gentleness and nobility of nature that have distin- guished that family from the time of Thomas the hero of Flodden to the present day. As a wife and mother, she was tender and devoted; and as a lady she was the soul of gentleness and refinement. Colonel Bird Deatherage was born in Madison county, Kentucky, December 26, 1811, but was reared and educated in Howard county, Missouri. The first official position he ever held was in 1846, when he was elected to and afterwards filled the office of constable, serving until the summer of 1852. He was then elected sheriff of Howard county, and served in that office until 1856. In the fall of 1856 he was chosen representative from this county to the legislature, and in 1858 re- chosen for the same position, his two terms of service filling a period HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 373 of four hundred days of actual duty in that body. He was married December 21, 1854, to Miss Elizabeth, a daughter of James Shepherd and Barbara, his wife, who were both early settlers in this county. Mr. and Mrs. Deatherage have had five children, James, John R., Magda line, Edward L., and Augustus B. His farm consists of three hundred and twenty acres of land, well improved, and as a farmer he is consid- ered one of the most energetic and enterprising in the county. JOHN C. DENNY, one of the leading farmers of Howard county, although now past fifty-five years of age, is a native of this county, having been born here June 13, 1828. Mr. Denny's father, Charles Denny, came to Howard county with his family in 1816. He was born in Garrett county, Kentucky, and was there married to Miss Jane Walker, of which union John C, the subject of this sketch, was born. In 1850 John C. went to California, where he was engaged in mining and trading until 1856, when he returned to Missouri, settling in Grundy county. There he followed farming until 1868, when he came back to this county and settled permanently on his present farm. He has a place of 360 acres, all well improved. In 1862 he was married, December 18, to Miss Martha, daughter of John Tolson and his wife, Rebecca, of this county, and of this union he has seven chil- dren — James R., Sarah J., Cora L., Mary F., John C, Jr., Bessie and Martha M. FRANK DODD. On his father's side, the ancestors of Mr. Dodd came from England to this country, and his mother was of Scotch origin. His mother, before her marriage, was a Miss Rachel Young, and both the Youngs and the Dodds, on coming to America, settled first in Virginia. His father, John W. Dodd, was born in that state February 1, 1814, and there, a few weeks before he was twenty-one years of age, — De- cember 9, 1834, — he was married to Miss Young, a native of the same state. They reared seven children, of whom Frank, the subject of this sketch, was the eldest. He was born in Loudoun county, Vir- ginia, April 27, 1837, and was educated at the Dover (Virginia) high school, in which he was also an assistant teacher during his scholastic course. A short time after completing his course at the high school, in the spring of 1858, he came west and stopped in Marion county, Missouri, where he taught school near Hannibal until the outbreak of the war. He then, in the spring of 1861, enlisted in the state guards service for six months, and during that time was on detailed duty in company D, 6th Missouri regiment. In the fall of 1861, he was appointed captain in the commissary department, where he served until taken prisoner in 1864, in St. Louis, while getting arms for the army. He was then confined in the military prisons of St. Louis and Alton until May, 1865. After his release he went to Leavenworth, Kansas, 374 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. and there, shortly afterwards, entered the quartermaster's service of the government and took a train of wagons to Fort Eiley. He was in the quartermaster's service eighteen months, being sent to and sta- tioned at different points. Finally, in January, 1867, he came from Fort Kearney to Howard county, Missouri, driving the whole distance in a buggy. He then went to Saline county aud farmed there eight years. From Saline county he returned to this county, and located permanently on the farm where he now resides. His farm com- prises 303 acres of the best quality of land, and his place is excellently improved. It is classed among the best farms in the county. In 1867 — February 7 — he was married to Miss Mary E., daughter of Thomas Tindall. She is a most worthy and excellent lady, and is highly esteemed by all who know her. They have two children — Em- ily V. and Rachel C. WILLIAM A. DUDGEON, of Dudgeon & Sweetland, druggists, at Fayette, one of the leading business men of Fayette, and present county treasurer, was born in Howard county, Missouri, March 30, 1840. His parents were from Kentucky and settled in this county in 1836. Captain Dudgeon, his father, was born in Madison county of that state, August 27, 1803, and was married December 13, 1825, to Miss Matilda Franklin. Seven children were born, five of whom reside in this county : Bernard F., Mrs. J. L. Settles, Alexander, William A., and John A. Captain Dudgeon died on his farm near Fayette in 1882, his wife having pre- ceded him about six years. He was one of the tried and true men of Howard county. After a life of nearly half a century in one neighbor- hood he was borne to his grave, leaving none but sad hearts behind. To have lived and died as he did, respected by all while living and mourned by all when dead, is a nobler tribute to his memory than sculptured marble or monumental brass could pay. William A. Dudgeon, the subject of this sketch, was reared on his father's farm, and there he formed the habits of industry aud of close application to the work in hand that have contributed largely to his success in life. In early youth he had the advantage of the common schools of the neighborhood which he attended, and there he qualified himself to enter upon a higher course of study. Subsequently he entered Central col- lege, which he attended two years, thus acquiring an excellent educa- tion. After his course in college he returned to the farm, where he remained until 1864, when he engaged in the drug business at Fayette, but shortly afterwards went to New York state. Returning from New York after a year's absence, he again engaged in the drug business, which he still follows. The house in which he is a partner, carries a large stock and is one of the principal drug stores in the county. In 1882 he was elected treasurer of Howard county, which position he now holds. He is also a prominent member of the Masonic order. In 1872 he was married to Miss Mary P. Patrick, daughter of Robert Patrick, one of the early settlers of the county. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 375 JOHN B. DUNCAN, of Duncan & Howard, grocers, etc. .Samuel J. Duncan, the father of John B., was a native of Amherst county, Virginia. He came to Missouri at an early date and settled in Howard county. He was here married to Miss Elizabeth Price, of this county, and here he lived until his death, which occurred in 1868. He was for many years a merchant in Fayette, and in this business John B., the son, was brought up, and afterwards became his father's partner. Samuel J. Duncan was a man of many excellencies of character, a progressive, enterprising business man and citizen, and his loss was deplored by all. His wife, the mother of John B., the subject of this sketch, died in 1852, a noble, gen- tle-hearted woman. John B. Duncan was born August 4th, 1850, and was reared and educated in this county. After a long business experience in different stores, including those of Boone, Duncan & Smith, Duncan & Aterbery, Duncan & Son — of which he was the junior partner — W. H. Smith, and others, in 1868 he engaged in the grocery business on his own account, and two years afterwards the firm became Duncan & Co. Continuing in this for eighteen months, at the expira- tion of that time he accepted a clerkship with J. B. Bell, with whom he remained until 1882, when he again began business on his own account, becominga member of the present firm. Mr. Duncan's educa- tion and experience have been such as to make him a capable and successful business man, and with these he combines integrity and enterprise. W. P. DYSART. Nicholas Dysart, the father of William, was born in Tennessee, November 18, 1800, and emigrated to Howard county, Missouri, in 1818. After a residence in this county of two years he removed to Eandolph county, where he now lives at the advanced age of 83. The mother's maiden name was Euphemia Givens. She was born in Kentucky. William was the fifth of nine children, and he was born in Eandolph county, Missouri, December 28, 1835. He was reared in his native county and educated at McGee college, of College Mound, Missouri. After a thorough preparation, at the age of twenty- four he commenced teaching school, and continued this occupation eight years, and then engaged in farming. In 1873, he settled on section 32, and owns a fine farm of 280 acres. He was married April 23, 1870, to Mrs. Dora Patterson whose maiden name was Brown ; she was a daughter of Samuel Brown, one of Howard county's early pioneers. They have one daughter, Mary E. Mr. and Mrs. Dysart are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. GEOEGE C. EATON, section 23, is one of the prominent farmers and stock raisers of Howard county, and a man well known in this vicinity, having been 376 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COONTIES. born here February 27, 1821. His father, George Eaton, a native of Clark county, Kentucky, came to this county in 1820. The sub- ject of this sketch married Miss Mary J. Patrick, of Howard county, and their union has been blessed with eight children : Zipporah, Alice, John M., Mary, Ella, Benjamin F., Charles S., and Claiborne B. Mrs. Eaton is a member of the Christian church. Mr. Eaton's fine farm of 218 acres is well improved and is located about two miles from Fayette. C. J. ELKIN. The father of the subject of this sketch, John G. Elkin, was born in Kentucky, in 1799, and came to Howard county, Missouri, in 1825. He lived here until his death, which occurred in 1874. His mother, whose maiden name was Vina B. Erabree, was also a native of Ken- tucky, and was born in 1804. C. J. Elkin, their son, was the fifth of a family of eight children ; ho was reared and educated in this county. In 1854, he crossed the plains to the mining districts of California, and lived there until the summer of 1868, and then returned to his former home. In the spring of 1869, he settled on his present farm in section 7. He owns 228 acres of good land, well improved. He was married May 19, 1864, to Miss Lizzie E. Stinseyer, of Germany. They have six children — Joseph J., Laura B., Willis E., Romy L., and Nettie C. and Anna O., twins. CHAKLES L. EUBANK, was the eighth of a family of nine children, born to and reared by Stephen and Nancy Eubank, of Clark county, Kentucky. Stephen Eubank was born January 9, 1790, and died May 9, 1869, aged seventy-nine years and four months. Mrs. Eubank, whose maiden name was Berkley, was born July 31, 1819, and died March 26, 1872. Charles L. Eubank, the subject of this sketch, came to Howard county from Kentucky, in 1859, when twenty-two years of age, having been born March 8, 1837. Since his emigration to Missouri in 1859, he has lived continuously in this county, and has followed farming. He now lives in Fayette. He was married November 20, 1862, to Miss Nancy, daughter of the late David H. Witt, and they have six children — Anna S., Leslie B., Mary E., Katie B., Witt D. H., and Charles L. Mr. Eubank is a member of the A. O. U. W. and of the Baptist church. J. C. FERGUSON, farmer and stock raiser. In scanning these sketches biograph- igue of Howard county, one fact must strike the reader with peculiar force — the high order of culture attained by its farming community. There is probably not a county in the state not containing a large city, nor in the whole west that has so many farmers who would grace HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 377 a college professorship, as has Howard county. And the sketch of Mr. Ferguson offers an additional and marked illustration of this fact. One of the leading farmers of central Missouri, and a farmer according to modern ideas and methods, he is at the same time one of the best educated men in the state, a fact which a diploma from each of two distinguished state universities attests. The influence of a high order of mental culture upon agricultural life is plainly visible all over the county — in the neatness and good taste displayed in the appearance of the farms, and in the intelligent, business-like manner in which they are conducted ; and nowhere is this more marked than on the handsome estate of which the subject of this sketch is the owner and proprietor. It is no disparagement to any farm through- out the surrounding country to say that Mr. Ferguson has one of the handsomest and best places in the county. And while personally he has been more than ordinarily successful in his chosen calling, now ranking among the largest tax-payers of the county, he has done a great deal to promote its agricultural intersts — not only in encourag- ing by example the most approved and profitable methods of farming, but in introducing the best grades of stock and inducing others to improve the breeds of stock raised by them. Mr. Ferguson is a na- tive of the county of which he is now a prominent and, useful citizen, and was born on the 14th of December 1836. His father, James Ferguson, born in Fairfax county, Virginia, October 11th, 1798, was reared in Jefferson county of that state, and as early as 1818 came out to Kentucky, making his home for a time in Woodford county. There he met Miss Kittie Singerfelter, to whom he was united in marriage in 1823. She was four years his junior, having been born in 1802. Two years after their marriage they came to Missouri and settled in Howard county. Here Mr. Ferguson, pere, became a lead- ing farmer and an influential citizen, and is remembered by all who knew him as a man of superior intelligence, upright character and generous impulses. He died September 29th, 1880. His wife still survives him. They reared but two children the subject of the pres- ent sketch being the younger. J. C.'s early youth was spent mainly on the farm and in the neighborhood school , but when he had reached the age to enter upon a higher course of studies, he became a student in the Howard high school, now Central college, where he continued until he was prepared for the university course. He then became a matriculate in the university of Missouri, from which he was afterwards graduated with marked honor. From Missouri he went to Virginia and entered the famous university of that state, re- ceiving, after a due course of study, a diploma from that time-hon- ored and distinguished institution. His education thus completed and thorough, he returned to his old home in Howard county, and at once became actively and prominently identified with the agricultural in- terests of the county. His subsequent career as an agriculturalist has already been outlined. On the 24th of August, 1858, Mr. Ferguson was married to Miss Margaret W., an accomplished daughter of Dr. S. T. Crews, an early settler and prominent physician of the county. 378 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Mr. and Mrs. Ferguson have a family of three interesting children, William W., James C. and Mary. The mother of Mr. Ferguson finds a pleasant and welcome home with her son. He is a Knight Templar of the Masonic order. CHARLES K. FENTEM was born in Pennsylvania, of English parentage, January 12, 1845. His father, Rev. George Fentem, was a native of England and a clergyman of the primitive Methodist church. His mother, whose maiden name was Ann Raines, was also born in England. In 1846 the family came to Pike county, Missouri, and lived in the state until 1858. After living two years each in Hannibal and St. Charles they, in 1862, came to Fulton, Callaway county, where Charles was partially reared and educated. In 1868 he began the study of dentistry with Dr. S. 0. Fentem, of Jefferson City. After two years' diligent study he became a partner of his preceptor for one year and then practised his profes- sion at New Bloomfield, Missouri, until 1879, when he came to this city, where he has secured a large patronage and a well earned reputa- tion in his profession. He was married September 15, 1871, to Miss Cynthia J. Longley, of Missouri. They have had a family of three children, Alfred L., Mary R., Earl R. Mr. F. is a member of the A. O. U. W., and he and his wife are members of the M. E. church, south. JACOB FISHER. Mr. Fisher is of German descent. His grandfather, Daniel Fisher, was a native of Pennsylvania and was a soldier in the colonial army during the war for independence. After the close of the war he went to Augusta county, Virginia, where he settled and reared a family, and in that county, Jacob, his grandson, was afterwards born. Daniel Fisher, the grandfather, married a Miss Jones, a young lady of Welch extraction, and they reared a numerous family, of which Daniel Fisher Jr., was a member. Daniel, Jr., was a soldier in the war of 1812, and served in the American army throughout that struggle. He was mar- ried in Virginia to Miss Elizabeth Cornell, also a native of Augusta county, and of this union ten children were reared to majority, viz. : John and Robert came to this county in 1853, where they still reside ; Jane died here in 1842 ; Mehala is the wife of Wm Stipe of this county ; Dorcas married Wm. Phillips, and Mary married John Wiseman, and each with her family and husband live in this county; George is a resident of Greene county, Indiana ; Addison died in Illi- nois ; Payton died in this county ; Daniel now lives in Oregon, and Jacob, the subject of this sketch, is a citizen of Fayette. Jacob Fisher was born in Augusta county, Virginia, October 14, 1819. Having learned the tanner's trade in 1838, he came to Howard county and here entered into the tanning business with Rudolph Haupe & Sons, in which he continued about seven years. In 1845, he conducted HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 379 a tannery in Cooper county, and in 1846 established a tannery between Boonsboro and Boone's Lick in this county, which he managed until 1854. From that date until 1830, he was engaged in farming and the saw-mill business, and he still owns several excellent farms. In the meantime in 1869, he had moved to Fayette for the purpose of edu- cating his children, and here he bought a hardware establishment to which he added a stock of family groceries, and at once secured a large trade. Before coming to Fayette, however, in 1852, he was elected jus- tice of the peace of Boone's Lick township, which office he filled nearly consecutively for fourteen years. After he came to Fayette, he was elected to the responsible office of treasurer of the county, and the duties of this position he discharged with honesty and ability. He is now, and for two years has been, a member of the city council of Fayette, which he was induced to enter by the earnest solicitation of the citizens of the place. He now gives his whole attention to the management of his real estate interests, consisting of farms and town property, and to the care of his family and the education of his chil- dren. On the 18th of March, 1849, he was married to Miss Jane Allen and they now have five children living, James D., Elizabeth J., Emma S., Ellen E. and Rosalie V. The career of Jacob Fisher, from the apprentice boy at the tanner's trade to the position in life he now oc- cupies — that of an honest and honorable citizen, is an enviable one. CHARLES W. FUCHS, jeweler, silverware, etc. Mr. Fuchs is a native of Cooper county, Missouri, and was born February 23, 1854. He was educated in the local schools of Boonville, and when quite a young man engaged in clerking with J. P. Neef, of that city, which he continued until 1868. He then went to St. Louis, where he learned the jeweler's trade, and returned to Boonville in 1875. Remaining there until 1878, he that year came to Fayette, and here he has lived ever since. The same year he established his present business in this city, and his career thus far has been a very successful one. He carries an unusually large stock of goods in his line for a city the size of Fayette. He makes a specialty of the celebrated Rockford watches, and in addition to jewelry and silverware, he also makes a specialty of sportsmen's goods and of musical instruments. He has just completed a fine bus- iness house on the southeast corner of the public square, in which is constructed one of the best vaults in the interior of the state. Mr. Fuchs was married November 1, 1882, to Miss Mary H., daughter of Wm. F. Tieman, of Fayette. Mr. Tieman is a native of Hanover, Germany, and was born April 15, 1829. He remained in his native country until he was nineteen years of age, and then immigrated to the United States and settled in St. Louis. He resided there only a short time, and in March, 1849, came to Howard county and began working in the trade of wagon making, which he has since followed. He was married June 17, 1858, to Miss Helena Ruffel, a native of Germany. They have three children, Mary H., wife of C. W. Fuchs, Eddy and Charley. 380 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. DR. HENRY K. GIVENS, of the firm of Wright & Givens, physicians, is a young man who has grown up in this county since the war, having been a small boy, hardly five years old, at the commencement of hostilities. He is nowtwenty- seveu years of age, and is well established in his profession. He was born in Howard county, July 17, 1856, and after attending the com- mon schools, entered Central college, where he completed his educa- tion. In 1874, then only eighteen }'ears old, he began the study of medicine in Fayette, under Drs. Watts and Pile, and continued with them until 1875, when he went to St. Louis, and there studied under the celebrated Dr. J. T. Hogden four years, attending three terms of the St. Louis medical college, and graduating in 1879. In the spring of 1879, he returned to Fayette and commenced the practice of medi- cine, and, in 1880, formed his present partnership with Dr. Wright. He is a young physician of thorough training, and of great natural adaptability to his calling, and has already taken high rank in the medical profession of the county. He was married, April 26, 1881, to Miss Nannie Duncan, a lady of culture and many attractions, and they have two children — Mary L. and Charles E. Dr. Giveus was elected coroner of Howard county, in 1878, which position he now fills. FRANCIS M. GRIMES. In 1819, there was perhaps a larger immigration to Howard county, than in any other year of its early history. In the almost endless train of wagons that poured into this county from Kentucky, in the year 1819, were those of William Grimes, the father of the subject of this sketch. He was born in Scott county, Ky., March 29, 1797, and, when a young man, married Miss Rebecca, daughter of William Snell, also a Kentuckian, but an early settler in this county. She was born in 1795. Francis M. Grimes was born of this marriage, March 30, 1829. Mr. Grimes, the father, first settled in this county near the place known as the " Salt Springs," but, in 1825, settled where Francis, his sou, now lives. His wife died May 3, 1867, and four months afterwards, September 7, 1867, he also passed away. He was an honest, intelligent and successful farmer, and as a neighbor and citizen, he was without reproach. Francis M. was reared on his father's farm, and received a good practical education from the neigh- borhood schools of the time. In 1856, then twenty-seven years of age, he was married, February 12, to Miss Addie, a daughter of Judge P. H. McBride, of the Missouri supreme court. They have ten chil- dren — Mary E., Emma, Addie M., Fannie B., Priestly H., William H., Ann E., Laura P., Lizzie T. and Francis M. Mr. Grimes owns an ex- cellent farm of 322^- acres, where he now lives, besides 107 acres in Boone county, and another tract in this county of fifty-two and a-half acres. In 1852, he was elected county surveyor, which position he continued to fill sixteen years. Mr. G. is a member of the Christian church. As a farmer he is one of the most successful and enterprising HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 381 in the county, and as a neighbor and citizen no one is more highly re- spected and esteemed. GEOEGE S. GUSS, livery and sale stables. Mr. Guss was brought up on a farm, which occupation he followed until he came to Fayette in 1882 and engaged in his present business. He was born in Pike county, 111., August 2,3, 1851, where he was reared and lived until he came to Missouri. A year ago he engaged in his present business, buying out at that time the stables, etc., of Mr. S. Smith. He has a large amount of capital invested and is doing an excellent business. His barn is 64 by 118 feet in dimensions, and he has nine " rigs " and fourteen horses. Mr. Guss was married February 7, 1877, to Miss Rebecca Lea ton, of Illinois, and they have one child — Lelah M. CLAIBORNE B. HARRIS. Thomas Harris, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a pioneer in Kentucky with Daniel Boone. William Harris, the father of Claiborne B., was born in Kentucky, May 15, 1793, and came to Howard county, Mo., in 1821. He married Miss Margaret Downing, who was born December 15, 1792. They reared a family of eleven children, of whom C. B. was the tenth child. He was born March 17, 1836. He was reared and educated in this county and remained with his father on the farm until 1861, when he enlisted in company A, Captain B. Cunningham's company of Missouri state guards, and served until October, 1862, and then re-enlisted in General Clark's regi- ment and served until the surrender at Shreveport, La., in June,. 1865. He returned home and resumed farming with his father until 1875, when he located on his present farm, which in- cludes 138i acres of well improved land. He married .Miss Susan E. Shores, September 19, 1872. She is a daughter of Rev. Wm. Shores, who come to Missouri in 1827. He died June 8, 1872. The mother of Mrs. Harris was Susan R. John- son ; she died June 24, 1872. Mr. Harris' mother died May 30, 1867, and his father died May 15, 1876. Mr. Harris' brother, Har- din, who was a soldier, died at Little Rock, Ark., February 1, 1863, and his brother William served in Johnson's army and participated in many of the most important battles of the campaign. He returned to the old homestead in 1877 to remain permanently, and died April 21, 1879. ANDREW J. HERNDON. Prominent ampng the men whose names have long been identified with the history of Howard county is Andrew J. Herndon. He came to this county with his father's family in 1835, when but eighteen years (26) " 382 HISTORY or HOWARD and cooper counties. of age, and has therefore been a resident of the county nearly fifty years. In public affairs and in the social life of the people, his name occupies a conspicuous position. For many years he has been in pub- lic life, either as a county officer or as a prominent attorney ; and, so- cially, he is connected with some of the leading families of the county — indeed, he is the founder of some of them — being connected with the Clarks, the Browns and others, and having now eleven children living and nineteen grandchildren, a number of whom are prominent citizens. Andrew J. Herndon was bora in Orange county, Virginia, July 23, 1817. His father, George Herndon, was also a Virginian by birth, but died in this state, where he had removed in 1847, in his seventy-fourth year. His mother, Sarah Herndon, whose maiden name was Teel, a native of Pennsylvania, but of German parentage, died in this county in 1855, at the age of sixty-eight years. Shortly after arriving in Fayette, in 1835, Andrew J., the subject of this sketch, having in the meantime acquired the elements of an education from the common schools of his native county in Virginia, entered here the Fayette academy, a school of advanced studies, in which he remained as a student about two years. He then taught school one year in the country, and afterwards three and a half years in Fayette, and during the same time studied law, utilizing his otherwise unoccu- pied time in that way ; and in 1841 he was admitted to the bar of the county, entering thereupon the active practice of his profession. In 1842 he formed a partnership in the law practice with General John B. Clark, in which he contiued until 1857. He then entered into partnership with General JohnnB. Clark, Jr., and this firm was not dissolved until the outbreak of the war, in 1861. Twelve years later, in 1873, he became associated with Eobert T. Prewitt in the legal bus- iness, and two years afterwards, his son, John C. Herndon, became his partner. In 1846 Mr. Herndon was elected clerk of the county court of Howard county, and was re-elected in 1853 and again in 1859. In 1865 he was appointed clerk of the court by Governor Fletcher, and in 1866 elected to the office, and was the fourth time elected to the same position in 1870, serving until 1874. Prior to 1847, however, he had been once elected and once appointed to the office of justice of the peace, his terms extending from 1841 to 1846. » In 1838, on the 21st of June, Mr. H. was married to Miss Emily F. Brown, daughter of Major Brown and his wife, Ann B., both natives of Ken- tucky, who came to Missouri while it was a territory — about 1816. Mrs. Brown was a sister to General John B. Clark. By this union Mr. Herndon now has living eleven children — Portia A., wife of Thomas Owings; Mary V., wife of Dr. F. B. Philpott, of Salisbury; Martha H., wife of Dr. L.P. Tooley, of Colusa, California; CameliaB., wife of Joseph H. Withers; Emily M., wife of Dr. F. C. Collier, of Saline county, Missouri; Dasie H., wife of A. C. Davis, of Salisbury, Mis- souri; and John C, Justine, Lizette, Addie L. and Andrew J. Herndon. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 383 ADAM HENDRIX (deceased), educator, financier aud philanthropist. Among those whose names like stars brighten and beautify the past of Howard county, there is none whose name shines with a purer and more enduring light than that of the subject of these memoirs. A nobleman of nature in both mind and heart, his whole life was an unbroken chapter of duty faith- fully and well performed. Starting out into the world at an early age, with but little education and no means, by the exercise of the virtues of his own character he became a more than ordinarily suc- cessful man, and rounded oif a career, adorned with Christian graces from the beginning, by works of generous philanthrophy that will perpetuate his memory as long as the better qualities of human nature are esteemed among men. He came of eminently respectable families on both sides, and was brought up in a manner to strengthen a character naturally vigorous and upright. His grandfather, Colonel Adam Hendrix, was a prominent citizen of Pennsylvania, and repre- sented 'the people a number of times in the state legislature. His father, Joseph M. Hendrix, was a man of sterling integrity, superior intelligence, and of great energy and resolution. His mother, for- merly Miss Nancy McDonald, was of a worthy family of the old Keystone state. Mr. Hendrix's parents reared a family of nine children, only two of whom are now living — John M., of Ohio, and Joseph W., of Pennsylvania. Adam Hendrix, the subject of this sketch, was born in York county, Pennsylvania, August 21, 1813, and was reared in his native county up to the age of twenty. In boyhood and youth he had attended the ordinary schools, but had acquired only a limited education. Of an energetic disposition and an aspiring mind, 'and believing that he could better his fortunes in Maryland, he accordingly went to that state and located in Frederick county, in about 1833. There he was in close proximity to Long Green acad- emy, a prominent institution of learning, and he determined to enter that school for the completion of his education. In pursuance of this resolution he spent three years within its walls, and rose from a junior to the position of a teacher. Quitting his alma mater at the expiration of this time, equipped with a thorough education and qualified to teach by practical experience, he then took charge of Middletown academy, in the same county, which he cone icted with singular success and ability for five years. By this time the trans- Mississippi west had begun to attract flood-tides of immigration, and informing himself thoroughly as to the natural advantages of the new country, he became convinced that it was destined to become the abode of vast and prosperous communities, and that no other country then known offered opportunities for industry, intelligence and enter- prise, in almost every walk of life, equal to this. Accordingly, leaving his school in Maryland, he set out for the new country and landed at Quincy, Illinois, in the fall of 1838, coming thence by way of Palmyra, Hannibal, Paris, Huntsville, Keytesville and Brunswick, to Fayette, Howard county. This was more a prospecting journey than 384 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. otherwise, but on reaching Fayette he was so pleased with the place and the beauty and fertility of the surrounding country, that he determined to make this locality his permanent home. He spent some six years in teaching in Fayette and vicinity. While thus occu- pied, there was one he had left behind who was taking a deep interest in his welfare and success, and she was kept faithfully informed of his progress and of all his hopes and objects. His wife she had promised to be, and in 1844 he was in a situation to return to Maryland and claim the fulfilment of that promise. It was happily redeemed upon his return, and with his young wife, formerly Miss Isabella J. Murray, he returned to his home in the west, where he spent the remainder of a long, useful and happy life. Here his progress was steadily up- ward and onward until at last his spirit passed beyond the skies. Among his fellow-men he rose higher and higher in their esteem, and in the pursuit of fortune he was not less favored. He became by pure methods and worthy enterprises a comparatively wealthy man. For two years after his marriage he taught school. So favorably had his char- acter and qualifications recommended him to those around him that at the expiration of this time, he was appointed to the responsible office of county treasurer, a position he filled by subsequent re-elections for twelve consecutive years. This fact alone is an eloquent testimonial to his purity, intelligence, and personal worth. While treasurer of the county, he also held the office of government pension agent, and discharged the duties of this position with the same fidelity and ability that characterized his performance of every trust. At the close of his county official term, he became cashier of the branch bank of the state of Missouri, at Fayette, and so continued until it was closed in 1866. He then bought the banking building of that company and established a private bank, which he conducted until the time of his death^ While Mr. Heudrix was engaged in securing for himself and family a handsome fortune, he was also fully alive to all the benevo- lent and religious interests around him. He gave five hundred dollars towards the erection of Central college building, and five thousand dollars additional toward the endowment of the college. His interest in this noble institution of learning did not stop there. He became the treasurer of its board of regents, and discharged the duties of this office, free of charge, until the day of his death. He also gave liberally to the female college of Fayette, and ever proved himself a steadfast and active friend to education. For a great many years he was an earnest, exemplary member of the church, and was always generous of his means and active in his zeal for the cause of religion ; and it is but just to add in this connection, that in all good works, both benevolent and religious, his efforts were readily and hotly seconded by his excellent Christian wife, who still survives him, and who ever performed faithfully and with modest delicacy the duties of her relation in life. Nor can we forbear directing the attention of the young ladies of the present day to those good old mothers who stand among us as bright examples of an age gone by, and whose excellencies have been only brightened by the trials and vicissitudes HISTORY OF HOWARD AlifD COOPER COUNTIES. 385 of life. Five children were given Mr. and Mrs. Hendrix as Heaven's best benediction upon the marriage tie: Fremont M., the eldest, is now connected with the bank ; he was educated at the United States naval school at Annapolis, after which he spent four years in Europe engaged in naval service on the western coasts of the continent, and in parts of the Mediterranean sea. He was also often on the coasts of Africa. While in Europe he travelled extensively and visited most of the places of historic and landscape interest. He was pro- moted at various times and now holds the position of master on the retired list, under act of congress approved August 3, 1861 ; Dr. Eugene R., the second son, now president of Central college ; Joseph C, now the Brooklyn manager of the New York Sun, with which paper he has been connected since 1873 ; William F., and Mary B., the only daughter, now the wife of A. F. Davis, Esq. After a residence in Howard county of a long period, Mr. Hendrix died at his home in Fay- ette, May 31, 1876. In his death Howard county lost one of its most valued citizens, and the community in which he lived, one of its most worthy members. His life had been useful and just, and his death was deeply mourned by those among whom he had lived for so many years. In every relation of life he had performed faithfully and well the full measure of his duty, and when the time came for him to quit this tenement of clay, and enter into that abode eternal in the heavens not made of hands, he was prepared for the change, and fell to sleep in death as one who wraps his mantle about him and lies down to pleasant dreams. In token ot respect, every business house was closed during the funeral service, and students and citizens in a body followed his remains to the cemetery. EUGENE K. HENDRIX, D. D. president of Central college at Fayette. Dr. Hendrix was born in Fayette, Missouri, May 17, 1847. His father, Adam Hendrix, was a banker, and during twenty-five years treasurer of the board of cura- tors of Central college. Religiously trained, Dr. Hendrix, when a lad of less than twelve years of age, made a profession of religion and became a member of the Methodist church south. Feeling called of God to preach, he determined, when sixteen years of age, to equip himself thoroughly for the work. During the suspension of Central college on account of the war, Dr. Hendrix entered the Wesleyan university, Middletown, Connecticut, where he graduated with high honor in 1867. Later he pursued his theological studies at the Union theological seminary, New York city, receiving its diploma in 1869. Having enjoyed the best facilities for education the country could give, Dr. Hendrix at once began his ministry at the bottom, prefer- ring to have a mission church, that he might become fully familiar with the poorer classes. His first appointment, accordingly, in 1869, was at Leavenworth mission, Kansas. After the general conference of 1870 divided the Missouri conference, so as to make the western conference include Kansas and Nebraska, he joined his fortunes with 386 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. the Missouri conference proper, where he has since labored. In 1870-72 he was pastor of the Macon City station. In 1872-76 he was pastor of the Francis street church, St. Joseph, Missouri. While there he awakened a deep interest in missions throughout the church by becoming personally responsible for two years for the support of the Rev. A. P. Parker, missionary to China, the first missionary who had been sent to China for seventeen years. The Francis street church, during his four years' pastorate, gave $2,000 for missions. In 1876-77 he accompanied Bishop Marvin on his missionary tour. His letters during that time attracted such attention that he was re- quested to publish them in a permanent form. This volume, "Around the World," has run through a number of editions, and has received the highest compliment for its literary qualities, as well as for its statement of facts. In 1877, while pastor at Glasgow, Mis- souri, Dr. Hendrix was unanimously elected president of Central col- lege, to succeed Dr. Wills, who had recently died. The degree of D. D. was conferred on him by Emory college, Georgia, at the early age of thirty-one, being, perhaps, the youngest divine on whom that degree has ever been conferred by any leading college in the United States. He is also one of the few American scholars who have been elected to membership in the Victoria institute, the philosophical society of Great Britain. Dr. Hendrix has been eminently successful as president of Central college, the endowment having been more than doubled during his administration and the number of students increased over a third. June 20, 1872, he was married to Miss, Annie E. Scarritt, daughter of Rev. Nathan Scarritt, D. D., of Kansas City. Four children have blessed this union : Evangeline, Mary, Nathan and Helen. JUDGE JOSEPH W. HICKERSON. It has been truthfully and aptly said that " Some men honor their occupations ; others are honored by them." Mr. Hickerson is a striking example of the former class. He is a farmer, and is an orna- ment to his calling. He came to this county in 1849, with but little means, and by industry and intelligent management has placed him- self in the front rank of the progressive and enterprising farmers of the country. He has a farm of four hundred and ninety-seven acres, and the appearance it presents shows at a glance the character of man he is. He was born in Fauquier county, Virginia, December 2d, 1820. His father, Hiram Hickerson, and mother, whose mime before her marriage was Mary O. Smith, were also natives of the Old Dominion. He was the second of eleven children, and in com- pany with his father's family came to Missouri in 1849. His father died in Carroll county, this state, January 13, 1877, his mother hav- ing preceded her husband in death about seventeen years. Mr; Hick- erson settled at once in Howard county on reaching this state, and has lived here ever since. He first located on a farm near Glasgow, but three years afterwards settled where he now resides. He was HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 387 married December 29, 1850, to Mrs. Emily George, a widow lady of the most excellent worth (her maiden name having been Hickerson), and they have four children : Alfred P., Eveland D., William R. and Bettie M. During the war in 1862, Mr. Hickerson enlisted in Captain Cunningham's company of General Clark's command, but served only eight months on account of physical disability, having been honora- bly discharged at the expiration of that time. In 1872, he was elected one of the members of the county court, which position he filled with marked ability and fidelity to the interests of the county. He is a man universally respected, and as a neighbor and a friend none are more highly esteemed by those who enjoy his confidence. ISAAC N. HOUCK. Mr. Houck is the proprietor and editor of the Missouri Independ- ent, one of the most substantial and best edited county papers in cen- tral Missouri. Like most successful newspaper men, he is what may not improperly be called a self-made man. He commenced in the newspaper business at the bottom of the ladder, first learning to set type when a mere boy. From there he has come steadily up, notwith- standing the set-backs experienced during the war and other misfor- tunes, until now he occupies a practically independent position in his business. Isaac Newton Houck was born in Palmyra, Missouri, October 2, 1834. His father, Devault Houck, was a native of Ohio, and his mother, whose maiden name was Mary Hawkins, was born in West Virginia. His parents came to Missouri in an early day and settled in Palmyra, where Isaac N., as stated above, was born. From Pal- myra they went to Van Buren, Arkansas, and there the subject of this sketch was principally reared and educated. When quite a youth he commenced to learn the printer's trade, which became his regular oc- cupation, and with this and his books in school and at home, his boy- hood days were closely and profitably occupied. In 1856, then in his twenty-second year, he came to Missouri and worked in his brother's office until his death, in June of 1857. He then foremanized the Statesman for Colonel Svvitzler, in Boone county, for nearly one year. He afterwards returned to Van Buren. However, he remained in Ar- kansas but one year after his i-eturn and then again came to Missouri, this time to Fayette. He followed his occupation here until 1860, when he purchased the Howard county Banner and became the pub- lisher and editor of that paper. In this he continued through the three most exciting and perilous years of the war, and until 1864, when his office was destroyed by Federal soldiery. After the close of the war, in 1865, he reorganized the Banner office and General John B. Clark became his partner, but one year later he sold out to General Clark and went to Eocheport, Missouri, where he became identified with the Times of that place. Subsequently he went to Cooper county and started the Boonville Democrat, and afterwards, in 1879, re- turned to Howard county and established the Missouri Independent, which he has since published. In 1857, Mr. Houck was united in mar- 388 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. riage to Miss Susan McClanahan, daughter of Win. Eobinson and niece of the late Gerard Robinson, of Howard county Missouri. They have three children, Minnie A., Jennie S., wife of Joseph Forbis, and William R. Mr. Houck is a strong independent thinker and writer, and as an editor he strives faithfully to keep the people informed in all matters of public concern, regardless of fear or favor from any quarter. THOMAS HOWARD. The Howard family, of Howard county, as its name indicates, is of English descent. Its ancestry leads back to Thomas Howard, earl of Surry, and third duke of Norfolk, an eminent statesman and soldier of the time of Henry VIII, who distinguished himself in the battle of Flodden. Benjamin Howard, a descendant of his, who set- tled in Virginia, in about 1660, was the founder of the family in this countiy. He left two sons — Thomas and Henry. Henry went to Baltimore, Md., and from him descended John Eager Howard, a dis- tinguished soldier in the revolutionary war, and afterwards governor of Maryland, and United States senator from that state. Thomas Howard remained in Virginia, and of his family came Gen. Benjamin Howard, of Kentucky, a member of congress, governor of the terri- tory of Louisiana, and a brigadier-general in the United States army. Branches of the Virginia Howards also settled in South Carolina and Ohio. Tilghman A. Howard, a member of congress from the former state, and William Howard, a member from the latter, were represent- atives of these branches. Thomas Howard, the subject of this sketch, a leading citizen of Howard county, comes of the Kentucky branch. His father, Matthew Howard, who served in the war of 1812, son of Benjamin Howard, and brother to the mother of Judge Tolsou, of this county, was born in Madison county, Ky., February 16, 1794. In 1816, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Tolson, then a young lady of Kentucky, but born in Virginia, in 1796. They had five children, of whom Thomas Howard, of this county, was the eldest. In 1819, the parents with their children immigrated to Howard county, and here, thirty-two years afterwards, in October, 1851, the father died, the mother following her husband in death in 1862. Matthew Howard was a man of strong character and superior intelligence, and although averse to public life, he was a recognized leader of the men among whom he lived ; and when he died he left an honorable name behind him. Thomas Howard was born November 16, 1817, also in Madison county, Ky. He was, therefore, but one year old when his father came to this county. His father being a farmer, he was brought up to that occupation, which he has ever since followed. In 1844, he settled on the place where he now lives, which embraces a tract of sixteen hundred acres of the best quality of land. His farm is one of the well improved farms of the county. Mr. Howard was married January 11, 1844, to Miss Elizabeth Shields, who was born and brought up in this county, a daughter of Frank Shields, who came to Howard county in 1819. Nine children are now living of this union — Mary HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 389 E., Benjamin, Matthew, Sallie, James, Joseph, Thomas, Nellie and Paul. He has been a member of the Baptist church for many years, and not only as a church member, but as a neighbor and citizen he stands as well as any man in the county. Mr. Howard, although well qualified for any public position where sober good sense and sound judgment are required, has no political ambition, being content to live a quiet, honorable and Christian life, surrounded by a family where his whole heart abides, enjoying the friendship of neighbors and the confidence of all who know him. ROBUCK HUDSON. Mr. Hudson's grandfather was a Virginian and was one of the pioneer settlers of Woodford county, Ky. He came to that county when Thomas Hudson, the father of Robuck, was a small boy, and there he reared his family. Thomas, on attaining to manhood, was married in his native county to Miss Jemima Cavender, and of this union eight children grew up, of whom Robuck was the second. He was born in Woodford county, Ky., October 2, 1817. In 1826, the subject of this sketch then being but nine years old, the family came to Missouri and settled in Boone county and there the father died in 1844. Mrs. Hudson died twelve years afterwards in 1856. Robuck lived in Boone county until 1850, when he came to Howard county. Since his immigration to this county he has lived on three different farms including the one where he now resides. His present place consists of one hundred and four acres of good land. On the 17th of March, 1842, he was married to Miss Mary W. Preston, a young lady of Kentucky, fourth daughter of John Preston, of Clark county, that state." They have had seven children, four of whom are now living — Mary C, Cassander, Joeller and Ida L. JOHN L. HUGHES was born in Howard county, Mo., March 11, 1822. His parents were both natives of Kentucky. His father, William Hughes, came to this county in 1820 ; and his mother, whose maiden name was Anna M. Morrison, was a sister to Judge Alfred Morrison of this county. John L, was reared here on his father's farm, but his father being a tanner by trade he also learned that business, and followed it in con- nection with his father until the latter' s death, after which he contin- ued it with J. Roper until 1850. He then went to California and engaged in saw-milling in Shasta City of that state, until 1852. Re- turning to this county, he settled on a farm near New Franklin, where he lived ten years. In 1862, he located on a part of the old home farm and followed farming there until in 1875, when he settled on the place where he now lives. He has an excellent farm of 220 acres. On the 22d of May, 1856, he was married to Miss Marcella Leland, a native of Virginia, and a most worthy and excellent lady. They have four children now living — Lawrence, John L., Virginia J. and Nena L. Mr. Hughes is a member of the Episcopal church. 390 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ERASMUS F. M. HURT. It is now nearly sixty-five years since the father of Mr. Hurt, PaytonL., came to Howard county from Kentucky. Like most of the early settlers in this county from the Blue Grass state, he, too, was originally from Virginia. He first emigrated from the Old Do- minion to Madison county, Ky., and, having lived there some years and hearing of the better country along the fertile banks of the Mis- souri, he pushed on to this county in 1819. In the mean time he had married, Miss Jemima Winn, of Kentucky, having become his wife. On first coming to this county he settled near Glasgow, but in 1851 opened the farm now known as the " home farm," at present owned by G. Wilcoxson. Payton L. Hurt reared a family of ten children and Erasmus F. M., the subject of this sketch, was the ninth. He was brought up to the occupation of a farmer, which he has ever since followed. In 1860 he settled on the farm where he now lives, which contains eighty acres of good, rich land and is substantially improved. He was married February 17, 1859, to Miss Margaret E. Markland, of this county. They have four children living — Ollie C, Wm. H., John B. and Ellina E. Mr. Hurt is an exemplary member of the M. E. church south. TALTON JOHNSON ranks among the oldest residents as well as most respected citizens of Howard county. He is now seventy years of age, and sixty-five years of his life have been spent in this county. His father, William, a na- tive of South Carolina, was one of the early settlers here, having come to Howard county in 1818, and in this county he made the first salt ever made from Bass & Shackelford's lick. He — the father — was born December 29, 1775, and emigrated from South Carolina to Ken- tucky at an early day. There he lived until he came to Missouri, and there he married, September 16, 1802, Miss Catherine Barnes, who was born May 30, 1782. They had ten children, of whom Talton, the subject of this sketch, was the sixth. William Johnson, the father, served in the war of 1812 as a volunteer from Kentucky, and subsequently came with his family to this state, where he lived , until his death. His wife died January 15, 1852, and he followed her about five years afterwards — May 10, 1857. Talton Johnson was reared on his father's farm, in this county, having been born in Madi- son county, Kentucky, March 26, 1813. He was married March 27, 1842, to Miss Amanda Caspar, born in October, 1824, daughter of John Caspar, who settled in this county at an early day. They have reared seven children — Mary, William, Mattie, James", Kate, Walter and Emma, and they have six dead. Mr. Johnson has an excel- lent farm of 560 acres, and much of it is in a good state of cultivation and improvement. For several years he held the office of bridge commissioner of the county and, subsequently was elected county judge, which office he held two years. He is a member of HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 391 the Christian church, and was ordained an elder and preacher in 1860, hut has never received anything for his services in the ministry. He is one of the best and truest of a noble generation of men, now rapid- ly passing away, whose name and memory it is well to transmit to posterity. STKOTHER R. JOED AN, son of James D. and Melissa (Barnes) Jordan, was born in Howard county March 28, 1847. He was reared on a farm, and followed it as an occupation until 1864, when he enlisted in the Confederate army, in Colonel Slayback's regiment, where he remained a short time and then joined Colonel Searcey's battalion and remained until the sur- render at Shreveport, Louisiana, in June, 1865. He soon returned to his home and- resumed farming with his father until 1869, and then settled on his present farm, in section 36, which includes 210 acres, well improved. He was married August 20, 1867, to Miss Mary Patterson, daughter of J. W. A. Patterson. Their family consists of four children — James D., Laura R., Sophia and Allie J. Mr. J. is a member of -the I. O. O. F. JOHN KNAUS, who was one of the early settlers and substantial citizens of Howard county, Missouri, was born in Pennsylvania October 9, 1808. His father, Henry Knaus, and mother, Catherine Walters, were also natives of Pennsylvania, and were born, the father, October 22, 1771, and the mother November 7, 1773. They were married April 5, 1791, and in 1817 emigrated to Missouri, settling in Old Franklin, in this county, where they made their permanent home. Henry Knaus was a blacksmith by trade, and the maker of the celebrated' " Knaus axe," by which his name became a household word all over this sec- tion of the state. He was a man of sturdy worth and strict integrity, and enjoyed the confidence and esteem of all who knew him. Mrs. Knaus came of an excellent family, and to the elevating influence of her character upon her children is due not a little of the success in life they afterwards achieved. John Knaus, the subject of this memoir, was brought up to the blacksmith trade, and succeeded his father in the business, continuing the manufacture of the " Knaus axe," which had now come into almost universal use. Inheriting his father's qualities of integrity, industry and perseverance, and enjoy- ing the advantages of a practical education, in securing which his mother had greatly interested herself, he succeeded from the first in the business his father had left him, and, giving his attention also to farming and other interests, soon accumulated a handsome compe- tence. He was married, April 5, 1841, to Miss Mary A. Crews, a lady of intelligence and refinement, born October 16, 1822. Of this union six children were born — Nannie A., wife of Reuben Long; Walter C, Joseph H., Albert G., Ella and Alsis — all of whom are now living. Mr. Knaus died March 6, 1878, and his wife, who sur- vived him about three years, August 2, 1881. 392 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. WALTER C. KNAUS, now serving his second term as clerk of the circuit court of Howard county, was born in this county September 23, 1843. He was second of a family of six, the children of John Knaus, a sketch of whose life has just been given. He was reared on his father's farm, near New Franklin, and in youth had the advantage of good schools, where he acquired the more practical parts of an English education. When about twenty-one years of age he engaged as clerk in a general store at Boonesboro, this county, and there continued until he entered upon the duties of circuit clerk in 1879. Having discharged the duties of that office to the satisfaction of the people, in 1882 he was elected for a further term of four years, to expire in 1886. Mr. Knaus is not an accident in public life. He is a man of excellent business quali- ties, and he is respected by all with whom he comes in contact. REV. J. H. LEADBETTER, pastor M. E. church south, is a native of South Carolina, having been born Majch 13, 1846. When twelve years of age-, his parents went to Alabama, and in the military institute of that state he was educated. In 1867 he was licensed to preach, and two years after- wards was duly ordained. His first charge was in Montgomery, Alabama, after which he was stationed at Monticello, in the same state. In 1870 he came to Missouri, and in 1871 had charge of the church in this city. In 1872 he was stationed at Wright City, Mis- souri, and the following year went to Jonesburg, where he remained 'two years. In 1875 he took charge of the church in Clarksville, Missouri,' and in 1878 was sent to Louisiana. There he remained four years, and in 1882 came to Fayette, where he is now stationed. Rev. Mr. Leadbetter is a faithful, earnest minister of the gospel, and is a man of more than ordinary natural ability. He has been a close student, and as a thinker and speaker is cultured and vigorous. His father, Henry W. Leadbetter, was a native of North Carolina, and his mother, whose maiden name was Belinda Herndon, was also orig- inally of the same state. On the 25th of November, 1869, Rev. Mr. Leadbetter was married to Miss Sue M. Meredith, a native of Ala- bama. They have three children — Jodie, Willie and Alice. JAMES LEVERIDGE, who for nearly sixty years has been a resident of Howard county, ' is a son of Joseph and Mary (Shields) Leveridge, both of whom were born in Kentucky, the former in 1797, and the latter in 1799. James, the eldest of four living children by the marriage, was born in Madi- son county, Kentucky, February 10, 1818, and came with his parents to this county in 1824. He was early deprived of the care of a father in consequence of his being killed by the kick of a horse in 1828. He was reared a farmer and has since followed this vocation. Dur- HISTORY OF HOWARD "AND COOPER COUNTIES. $93 ing the late war he served in the Missouri state guards for six months. Mr. L. has been twice married, first, February 10, 1842, to Miss Jane McCully, a daughter of William McCully. Mrs. Lev- eridge died, September 3, 1874. His second marriage occurred Feb- ruary 19, 1878, to Mrs. Martha A. Harris, widow of Ezekiel Harris. Her maiden name was Shores. The mother of Mr. Leveridge was married a second time to Jacob Ditzler. To them were born eight children, two of whom are now living. Mrs. Ditzler died in 1876. o* o" JOSEPH MEGRAW, of Megraw & Son, contractors, builders and dealers in lumber. In 1847, Mr. Megraw, then a youth seventeen years of age, came from Ireland to this country and settled in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. There he learned the carpenter's trade and remained until 1852, when he came on to Fayette, where he has since lived. His parents were both natives of Ireland, and there both lived and died. His mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Adair, died in 1849, two years before he sailed for America, and his father, Joseph Megraw, in 1866. Joseph, the subject of this sketch, was born, February 28, 1830. On the 17th of August, 1858, he was married here to Miss Martha Tindall, daughter of T. Tindall, an old and highly-respected citizen of this county. They now have five children living: JosephE., Emma, William J., Thomas T. and Bob J. When Mr. Megraw landed in this country he was a stranger in a strange land and' without means. But the material was in him out of which suc- cessful men are made. He could work, and he was not ashamed or afraid to do it. For many years he has been one of the leading con- tractors and builders of Howard county, and there is hardly an im- portant edifice in Fayette or the surrounding country that he has not constructed or been consulted in regard to its construction. The court-house, the school-house and other buildings almost innumerable, attest the fact that he has not led an idle life. He has been one of the school directors since 1868 — for fifteen years — and he has been twice called to serve as a member of the city council. J. MAISBURGER, of Maisburger & Smith, blacksmiths. Mr. Maisburger was hardly a year old when he was brought with his father's family to this country from Germany, in 1848, having been born in that country October 19th, 1847. The family first settled in St. Louis and in a few years afterwards came to B6onville, Missouri, where they re- mained several years and then returned to St. Louis. Returning to Boonville they made that their permanent home, and there Joseph, the subject of this sketch, was principally reared. In 1860 he began the blacksmith trade which he learned and has ever since followed. In April, 1882, he came to Fayette and established his present busi- ness, forming a partnership with Mr. Smith. He has a family consist- 394 HISTORY OE" HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ing of his wife and four children. His wife, before her marriage, which was solemnized June 29th, 1872, was a Miss Laura Huber, and his children are John, Albert T., Mary and Willie. He is a member of the Catholic church. CAPTAIN WILLIAM F. MITCHELL, proprietor of the Hotel Howard and present mayor of Fayette, was born in Glasgow, Missouri, October 2, 1844. His father, Alex- ander Mitchell, an old and prominent citizen of Howard county, is a native of Virginia, and was born in Gloucester county, April 23d, 1807. He was reared in his native state, where in early youth he ac- quired a good practical education, and afterwards learned the carriage maker's business, which he followed there and subsequently a number of years in this state. In 1835 he was married to Miss Julia C, daughter of Daniel Brown, of Essex county. Four years afterwards he came with his family to this state, first locating in Boone county where he remained eighteen months. In 1841 he moved to Glasgow, in Howard county, and engaged in carriage making, which he followed in that place until 1846, when he came to Fayette, where he has since lived. Here he pursued his regular occupation for twenty years. In 1866 he was elected to the office of mayor — the position his son now holds — to which he was annually re-elected for fifteen years, his last term expiring in 1881. He is now a venerable old gentleman, six years beyond the allotted age of three score and ten and is still well preserved in mind and body. His life has been an active and useful one, and above all, it has been honorable and upright, and he has an enviable position in the social and public life of the community in which he lives. His good wife has been spared, a motherly and noble- hearted woman, to accompany him and comfort him in his old age. Ten children have blessed this union, eight of whom are still living: Richard and Edward O. are engaged in the drug business in Linn county; Alexander, Jr., and David L. live in Cole county; Julia C. is the wife of Charles Lee, of this county ; Misses Maria and Laura are with their parents, and Captain William F. is the mayor of Fay- ette, and the subject of this sketch. William F.'s youth was not wasted in idleness, but was closely occupied and to good 1 advantage, either by attendance in school or by work ; for the disposition of his father to industry was transmitted to the son, and, besides this, his father was not the man to bring his sons up in idleness. He had the advantages afforded by the common schools of Fayette and later on entered Central college, but his college course was cut off before graduation by the breaking out o'f the war. However, he had suc- ceeded in acquiring a good practical education before the war began, notwithstanding he was then but seventeen years of age. Like most of the young men of southern parentage and sympathies in central Missouri, he identified himself with the south in the struggle between the sections, and in August, 1861, enlisted in Captain Major's com- pany of General Clark's division, Missouri state guards, where he HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 395 served three months. He was then transferred to Wade's battery in the regular Confederate service, in which he followed the three-barred flag of the south through victory and defeat until he was captured in 1862. He was then confined in the military prisons of St. Louis and Alton until the summer of 1863. In Alton he was prostrated with the small-pox and, his health breaking completely down, he was dis- charged from prison on parole. Returning to Howard county, he found the country so disturbed that it was impossible to remain and, determined to adhere faithfully to his parole of honor, he went to Illi- nois, where he became interested in the hotel business and remained there until the conclusion of the war. After the war closed he came back to Fayette, but only remained two months, going hence to St. Louis and engaging there as clerk on a steamboat under Captain Ben Johnson. Seven months later, while on the river, he was attacked with the malarial fever and shortly afterwards, in 1868, returned to Fayette in order to recover his health. Here he accepted a position in the Crighler house in which he continued a year, but at the ex- piration of that time became a clerk in W. G. Ritchie's hotel, where he remained six months. He then made a trip to Texas, returning in 1870, and on the 18th day of September, of that year, was united in marriage to Miss Nellie P. Ritchie, a refined and accomplished lady, a daughter of W. G. Ritchie. Since then Captain Mitchell has been engaged in the hotel business in Fayette, except one year during which he was a member of the firm of W. G. Ritchie & Co., grocers, in Moberly, Missouri. As noticed above, he is now the proprietor of the Hotel Howard, in Fayette. To Captain and Mrs. Mitchell three children have been born, two of whom are now living: Ida May and George Ritchie. Captain Mitchell has twice been deputy sheriff of Howard county — under Mr. Leland from 1876 to 1878; and under Mr. Cooper from 1880 to 1882. Although strongly urged to become a candidate in 1882 for the office of sheriff, he declined to be antago- nized to his friend the present incumbent. At the last municipal elec- tion of Fayette he was elected mayor of the city, the position he now holds. For a number of years he has been prominently identified with the public affairs and politics of this section of the state. He is a man of great energy, superior intelligence and popular manners, although he is very quiet and unassuming in his disposition. In busi- ness affairs he is honorable, prompt and accommodating, and as a hotel keeper he is a landlord that guests like better the longer they know him. DAVID O. MORRIS, of Morteson & Morris, lumber, building material, etc. It is a fact, illustrated by the history of almost every town and city, that the suc- cessful business men come from the farm — have had a farm bringing up. This is often remarked, and it is generally attributed to the fact that a farm rearing is the more favorable to the formation and de- velopment of those qualities of character, without which, success in 396 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. any business is next to impossible. Mr. Morris, the subject of this brief sketch, reared on the farm and a successful business man of Fayette, is another witness to this fact. He was in his thirtieth year when he left the farm ten years ago to engage in mercantile bus- iness, and now he holds a place in the business affairs of Fayette, not insignificant, to say the least and to speak with the extreme of modesty. He was born in Howard county, Missouri, September 29, 1844, and his father, William H. was also a native of this county. In 1873 David O. went to Burton and started the first store in that place, and also held the position of postmaster there. In 1880 he came to Fayette, and was engaged in various lines of business until January, 1883, when he formed his present partnership in which he has since continued. The firm carry a heavy stock of lumber and building material and is justly popular with the trade. Mr. Morris was married November 25, 1869, to Miss Mary McCafferty, daughter of Judge McCafferty, of this county. One child, Mary, has been born to them. He is a member of the Masonic order and of the Baptist church. WILLIAM H. NIPPER. Twenty-five years ago, and for fifteen years prior to that, Mr. Nipper was well known all over Howard county as one of the few good carpenters they had to build their houses and homes. He worked in all parts of the county and thus became as well known in those days as perhaps any one in it, and he was as universally respected, not only as a capable and conscientious mechanic, but as an upright man and citizen as he was well known. He is now living on his farm in this county, an excellent homestead of 270 acres, where he has lived since 1858, and in his old age the re- spect he enjoyed in earlier life has not been diminished. He was born in Caswell county, North Carolina, November 5, 1818. His father's Christian name was Samuel, and his mother's name before her marriage was Tabitha Gordon. In 1822 his parents moved to Blount county, Tennessee, and there William , the subject of this sketch, was brought up. In his eighteenth year he began work at the car- penters trade, which he learned and followed over twenty years. Marrying in Tennessee in 1840, Miss Louisa, daughter of S. P. Mitchell, now of Howard county, becoming his wife, three years later he came to Missouri with his family and settled in this county, where he has since lived. He has eight children, William H. H., James W., Sisco, John L., Maggie, Lou L., Mollie L. and Kate P. Mr. Nipper is a member of the M" E., church south. JUDGE HENRY A. NORRIS, of Norris & Knaus, furniture, house-furnishing goods, undertaking, etc. That Howard county, although one of the -pioneer counties in the state, so to speak, and therefore one of the older ones, is a favorable county for new comers to settle in, is proven by the sue- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 397 cess of almost every one deserving it who has come here, and by no one in a more striking manner than by Judge Henry A. Norris. Judge Norris has been a resident of this county but six years, yet he is one of the leading citizens and business men of the county, and the presiding judge of the county court. A biographical sketch, therefore, of one who has shown himself possessed of the elements of success he has evinced, cannot be uninteresting. Judge Norris is of Virginia parentage, his father and mother having been born in that state ; his father, Samuel G. Norris, Jane 24, 1824, and his mother, whose maiden name was Parthenia Murray, in June, 1826. The father, however, was brought to Missouri by his parents when quite young, in 1832. He died in 1872, his wife surviving him, and she now resides in Centralia, Boone county, Missouri. Judge Norris was born in Boone county, December 25, 1846. Having acquired the elements of an education at the common schools, at the age of four- teen he entered a store as clerk in his native county, in which occupa- tion he continued, with different firms, however, from time to time, until 1874. He then gave his attention to farming, which he followed until 1877, and in October of that year he came to Fayette, where he has since resided. In 1880 he engaged in his present business. He was married October 22, 1871, to Miss Fannie Frazier, a native of Ken- tucky. Boyd G. and Mattie F. have been born to them. Judge Nor- ris, as a business man and as a citizen and public ofiicer, is deservedly popular and respected. CHAKLES M. OGDEN, wagon-maker. Mr. Ogden may be called a new-comer to Howard county, having settled in Fayette to pursue his trade only three years ago; but identifying himself at once with the interests of the people, he has long since come to be regarded as one of the good and useful cit- izens of the community. He came originally from Ohio and was born in that state, in August, 1832. In 1856, having learned the wagon- maker's trade, he went from Ohio to Wayne county, Indiana, where he remained until 1868. He then came to Missouri, and in 1872 settled in St. Clair county, continuing there until he came to Fayette in 1880. He was married, January 28, 1856, to Miss Margaret Johns, of Indiana, and he has a family of seven children — Virginia, Mattie, Lizzie, Grant, Nellie, Alice and Frank. JAMES W. A. PATTERSON, like many of the early settlers of Howard county, is a native of Kentucky, and was born in Shelby county, May 22, 1808. His father, William Patterson, and his grandfather, James Patterson, were both natives of Virginia and of Scotch extraction. The father of James came to Kentucky in 1792 ; he died in 1821. His mother's maiden name was Mary Allen. She was born near Harper's Ferry, in Virginia ; her death occurred in 1854. The subject of this sketch (27) 398 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. in 1824, was apprenticed to learn the tanner's trade, and served four years. In 1828 he came to Boonville, Cooper county, Missouri, and worked at his trade a few months and then removed to Fayette and became a partner of William Givens in the tannery business. After the death of his partner he continued the business until -1837, and then engaged in farming until 1842, when he resumed his former oc- cupation, doing an extensive business until 1854. He then returned to his farm where he has since lived and accumulated a competency. During the war he remained at home, but in common with others he suffered very greatly, pecuniarily estimating his loss at $40,000. His landed estate before dividing with his children was about 1,000 acres ; his homestead comprises 452 acres. In 1868, he was elected to repre- sent the county in the state legislature and filled the position with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of his constituents. He was married, January 6, 1836, to Miss Jane Turner, who was born in Howard county, March 3, 1816. Mrs. Patterson's father, James Turner, was a native of Madison county, Kentucky. He came to Old Franklin in 1809. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Patterson con- sists of five children living: Elizabeth, now Mrs. Berkley; Mary J., now Mrs. Jordan; Laura K., Robert A., James W. One son, Wil- liam, is deceased. R. J. PAYNE, one of the oldest citizens of this vicinity, and a man who has been identified with the interests of the county for a long period, was born here on his present farm, May 1, 1825, his father being Robert Payne, of Scott county, Ky. May 25, 1848, R. J. was united in marriage to Miss Leonora Benson, of Howard county, and the daughter of Zach- ariah and Martha Benson, of Kentucky. She died May 6, 1866, leav- ing four children — Laura F., William, Thomas J. and Robert W. Mr. Payne is actively engaged in farming and the raising of stock upon section 36, and is the owner of a farm of 480 acres, under good cul- tivation. JOHN W. AND JAMES M. PEACHER, farmers and millers. These gentlemen are well-known farmers and business men of Howard county. They have a farm of one hundred and fifty-six acres, and their mill is a saw and grist mill. Both were reared in this county — John W. having been born January 11, 1850, and James M., June 25, 1852. Their father, William Peacher, was also born and brought up in this county, and the mother, whose name before her marriage was Emily F. Burnan, was of Macon county, Mo. Their father is now dead. It was about 1860 that they settled in their present place, and since the death of their father they have been very successful in farming and milling, which they make their entire business. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 399 WILLIAM S. PEARSON is one of the substantial and successful farmers of Howard county. He was born and reared in this county, and is now forty-eight years of age. His father, Thomas Herndon, and mother, whose maiden name was Lucy Cartner, were both natives of England, and came to Howard county at an early day. They had seven children, William S., the subject of this sketch, being the fourth. His father died in 1847, and his mother in 1875. Both were well respected by all who knew them, and were deeply regretted when they passed away. Wil- liam S. Pearson was married, September 10, 1869, to Miss Fannie, daughter of Johu Snell, who was one of the early settlers of the county. Mr. Snell died in September, 1870, and Mrs. Pearson, his daughter, February 17, 1871. She was a most amiable and estimable lady, and in her home she seemed to live only for the happiness of those around her. Mr. Pearson served with the " Richmond Grays " ..eight months during the war, but was then taken prisoner and paroled. He is a member of the Christian church, and also of the I. O. O. F. As a farmer and a citizen he holds an enviable place in the estimation of his neighbors and all who know him. ISAAC PEARSON, an early but now retired merchant of Fayette, Missouri, was born in Kendal, Westmoreland county, England, January 20, 1810. John Pearson, his father, and his mother, Mary Pearson, whose maiden name was Bland, were also natives of England. On the 27th of De- cember, 1825, Isaac Pearson, with his brother, Thomas H., sailed for America, arriving in Philadelphia February 17, 1826. In the spring of the following year, Isaac, the subject of this sketch, having gone to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the. meantime, came by river from that city to Franklin, in this county, on the steamboat Muskingum, reaching there April 9, 1827. There he engaged as clerk in the store of Joseph Simpson, an acquaintance of his father's. Afterwards he went to Sante Fe, New Mexico, and about 1830 to Chihuahua, where he engaged in merchandising. From that point he went to Old Mex- ico, and finally to the city of Mexico ; but after an absence of nearly five years he returned to Missouri, and in 1835 he and his brother, Thomas H., engaged in merchandising at Fayette, in which he con- tinued about four years, when he went on a farm. Later on he re- turned to the mercantile business, and was a partner of Boone, Pear- son & Smith, of Fayette, and Boone, Bostwick & Co., of Glasgow, continuing until 1864, when the store at Glasgow was burned during an attack by the soldiery on that place, by which a loss of over $50,- 000 was inflicted. In 1837 he was married to Miss Julia A. Hunting- ton, daughter of Jonathan Huntington, and of this union Isaac H., the son now in business in Fayette, was born. Mr. Pearson has led an active and somewhat eventful life, and through all the vicissitudes of fortune has ever maintained a strict integrity and a spotless name among those who know him best. 400 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ISAAC H. PEARSON, dry goods, clothing, boots, shoes, etc., a leading merchant of Fay- ette, and a son of Isaac Pearson and Julia A. Huntington, who were married in 1837, was born in Howard county, Missouri, Febru- ary 8, 1839, and was reared in this county, receiving his education from the common schools and from Central college. His father was also for many years' a prominent merchant of Fayette, and at the age of sixteen he entered his father's store as clerk, where he continued until 1864. He then went to Springfield, Illinois, where he clerked six months, and thence to Keokuk, Iowa, but returned to Fayette, his old home, in August, 1865. Here he engaged in his present bus- iness, first with Mr. Benjamin Smith, under the firm name of Smith & Pearson, but five years afterwards, in 1870, became and has since continued sole proprietor. On the 20th of February, 1866, he was married to Miss Kate Terry, of Saline county, this state. They have five children living: Julian H., Guy, Benjamin S., Leigh H. and James W. Mr. Pearson possesses all the qualifications of a successful business man, and as a citizen he is popular and public spirited. He is a member of the Episcopal church. DAVID PEELEE was born in Rutherford county, North Carolina, May 8, 1794. He came to Old Franklin, Howard county, in the fall of 1817, to look at the country, and in the spring of the following year, with his brother John, emigrated to Missouri, settling in Howard, where he continued to reside until his death, which occurred April 30, 1882. He planted his first crop in the spring of 1818, and continued success- fully the occupation of farming until his death. He was several times called upon to serve his fellow-citizens officially ; first in the capacity of magistrate for a term of years, afterward as judge of the county court for some time, and later he was elected representative of the' county, and, with Charles Kanole as colleague, was in the legislature of 1840-41. He was married to Sarah Wilcoxson in 1821, by whom he had ten children — Alfred, Elizabeth, Joseph, Martha A., Rebecca I., Napoleon B., William H., Barnabas, John O. and James D. — all of whom he lived to see grown up and settled in life, though four of them preceded him in death. His wife, dying in the spring of 1857, he was married again in 1864 to Miss Brown, of Howard county, by whom he had two more children — Rosa Belle and George. Having a limited education himself, he was made to feel the need of it by his associations, and determined that his children should not suffer the loss that he felt so keenly. Therefore he encouraged and aided them in obtaining all in their reach as they grew up. He enjoyed the friendship of a number of notable men — such as Benton, Gamble, Ryland, the Leonards, Miller, McNair, Boggs, Reynolds, and a cata- logue of others whose names are inseparably linked with the history of the county and state. Such associations stimulated to reading and HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 401 reflection, and produced a breadth of mind and force of character that raised him above the level of mediocrity. With such friendships, had he been more ambitious, he might have figured more notably be- fore the public. The writer has often heard him utter this conviction, forced upon him while in the legislature, that while the state had such young men as Doniphan, Jamison and others to represent her, she had no use for him in that capacity. Had he been avaricious, he might have been very wealthy, for his eyes were not closed to the many op- portunities that presented themselves during a long lifetime. His tastes were rigidly simple, while his conceptions of honesty, integ- rity and true manhood were severely exact, holding that a man who was guilty of a little meanness, wilfully, only waited the opportunity to commit a greater. His simple habits of life secured to him unin- terrupted good health until its close. Though fond of home, and finding his chief enjoyments there, he was social to an eminent de- gree, and readily welcomed his friends with a heartfelt hospitality free from any parade or ceremony. Strong and decided in his convictions, yet he was unobtrusive, and therefore he seldom aroused ill will in those whom he opposed, though they felt his opposition to be a living force. Firm in his attachments and sincere in all things, he could not affect friendship or good will where it was not felt; hence, his friend- ships were lifelong. With his neighbors he had no broils or law-suits, carried no weapons, needed no medicine, made no debts, cherished no animosities, lost none of his mental or physical powers until the very last, passed over a long life so well rounded and shaped as a citizen, that at the end he could look back over it all and say that there was little to regret. On his deathbed, among many others, he made this striking remark : — "I have read some and lived long enough to know something of the lives of men, and can say that few are blessed as I am. Having lived beyond the allotted time, in full possession of my mental powers, surrounded with so many of my children and grandchildren and such kind neighbors — I have as good neighbors as any man ever had — there is nothing I can wish for ; I am proud of my friends, proud of my neighbors, and proud of my children." Such was the close of the life of one of the pioneers of the state — a sample of that sturdy, simple manhood that laid the broad and deep foundation of the prosperity of the great commonwealth of Missouri. ALEXANDER PETEIE. Among all the immigrants who settle in this country from Europe, none are more thrifty or make better citizens than the Scotch. They are almost invariably men of more than average intelligence, indus- trious and of even, excellent habits, and they assimulate readily with our people and institutions, and soon come to be regarded as the best and most substantial citizens. Mr. Petrie is another of the many illustrations that could be given of the truth of what is here said. He came over to this country, from Scotland, and settled in Howard county when a young man twenty-three years of age, and with no 402 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. means but his brawn and brain, and now, sixteen years after- wards, he has a farm of 216 acres in one of the richest counties in the state, an interesting family around him of six children, and is a school director of his district. Such a record no man need be ashamed of, and many might well covet. He was born in Moray- shire, Scotland, in September, 1844, and came to this country in 1867. His father, Alexander Petrie, and mother, Isabella, whose name before her marriage was Morrison, were also both natives of Scotland, and his mother died there, in October, 1881, his father still surviving her. On coming to this county, he first worked on a farm with Mr. John Walker, where he continued three years. He then rented land of Mr. Prewitt, which he worked until 1876, when he bought the farm on which he now lives. On the 30th of June, 1866, he was married to Miss Elsie Tolmie, also a native of Scotland, and he has six children — Alexander, Jessie, Bella, John, Kate and Donald. Mrs. Petrie died October 14, 1881. Mr. Petrie is a member of the M. E. church. RICHARD R. PIERCE. In 1839, Charles S. Pierce, the father of Richard R., came from Virginia and settled in Ho.ward county, where he lived until his death, and reared his family. Richard R. was born in Rappahanock county, Va., July 31, 1837. His father, also a native of Virginia, was born March 26, 1809. When quite a young man, Charles S. Pierce was married, in Virginia, to Miss Elizabeth Jones, of Rappahanock county. Of this union four children were born, of whom the subject of this sketch was the second. His first wife having died, in 1842, Mr. Pierce, the father, was married again in 1847, Miss Martha Broils be- coming his second wife. Seven children were born of this marriage. In 1876, March 26th, he died at his home in this county, his wife fol- lowing him in death one year afterwards, March, 1877. In 1839, on coming from Virginia, the family first settled near Old Franklin, but remaining there only a year, they then came and settled on the place where the father died ; and here Richard R. was reared. In 1861, on the breaking out of the war, young Pierce, then twenty-four years old, joined the Confederate army, enlisting in company E, 9th regi- ment, but six months afterwards, while retreating from Lexington, Mo., he was taken prisoner and paroled. In November, 1863, he again entered the army, becoming a member of company C, Elliott's battalion, in General Shelby's command, in which he remained until the General surrendered, at Shreveport, La., in 1865. Returning home after the conclusion of the war, he again engaged in farming, in which he has ever since continued. Mr. Pierce has a farm of 260 acres, well improved, and he is one of the successful farmers of How- ard county. DAVID A. PIERCE, is one of the enterprising young farmers of Howard county. He was born here May 22, 1855, and has followed farming all his life. He HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 403 now lives in Prairie township, having moved to his present place, from Eichmond township, in 1883. In Kichmond township he had lived since 1878, and prior to that on his father's farm, although he had been farming on his own account for some time previously. He is a son of Charles S. and Martha Pierce, an old and respected family of this county. In 1883, he was married, February 14, to Miss Mariam, daughter of B. F. Snyder, of Howard county. LEWIS S. PROSSER, dry goods, clothing, hats, caps, boots, shoes, etc., Fayette. Among the biographical sketches of the leading business men of Howard county, the name of Lewis S. Prosser justly claims a prominent place. Mr. Prosser is a native of Chariton county, Missouri, and was born November 20, 1847. His father, Dr. Lewis S. Prosser, was born in Virginia and came to Chariton county in 1842. His mother, whose maiden name was Julia E. Price, is also a Virginian by birth, from the Old Dominion which gave General Sterling Price and so many other distinguished citizens to Missouri. Dr. Prosser, since his immigration to this state, has continued to reside in Chariton county, where he has been constantly engaged in the practice of his profession and where he has reared his family. Mr. Lewis S. Prosser's youth was spent in that county on his father's farm, during which, when not at school, he assisted in farming. After he had grown to early manhood, having acquired a substantial edu- cation, he engaged in clerking, and in this he continued, desultorily, however (being engaged part of his time in farming), until 1874, when he came to Fayette, Missouri. Here he began the dry goods business, the house being styled and known as " L. S. Prosser & Co.," his partner being Mr. Tyson Dines, an old pioneer of Missouri, and for many years a minister of the gospel. In this relation he continued until 1878, since which he has been alone. In March, 1883, he moved into his new business building, one of the best busi- ness houses in Fayette. Here he carries a heavy stock of goods. Mr. Prosser is a thoroughly competent and energetic business man, and the success he has achieved has been well earned. He was married February 20, 1872, to Miss Mary C. Dines, daughter of his former partner, a most excellent and worthy lady, by whom he had two chil- dren, Mary B. and Paul P. He is a member of the A. O. U. W., and a Knight Templar in the Masonic order. WILLIAM L. REED. The Reed family were among the early pioneers of Clark county, Kentucky. Joseph S., the father, and Mary (Bush) Reed, the mother of William L., were both born in this county, and here their son William was born August 13, 1853. He was reared in his native county until 1865, and then accompanied his parents to Howard county, Missouri. In 1867-68 he lived in Boone county, and in 1869 404 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. returned to this county, and here owns a farm of 200 acres in sec- tion 6. He was married February 1, 1877, to Miss Anna E. Manion, a native of Kentucky. Their three children are named Mary, Fan- nie A. and William H. Mr. Keed is a member of the I. O. O. F. JAMES H. ROBERTSON, attorney and notary public. Mr. Robertson, born and reared in Howard county, where he took the usual -course in the common schools, entered McKee college, of Macon, Missouri, and continued as a student there three years. His father, Philip Robertson, was an early settler of this county, emigrating from Virginia in 1828. The father was born in Orange county, of that state, October 25, 1802, and died at his home, in Howard county, March 7, 1863. He was married to Miss Winny, daughter of John Cain, who settled in How- ard county as early as 1817. His daughter, Mrs. Robertson, who was born November 27, 1805, died September 10, 1845. James H. Robertson was born February 15, 1842, and in 1858, when but six- teen years old, engaged in school teaching, which he followed until 1861. On the breaking out of the war he enlisted under Captain Rains in the Missouri state guards, serving three months, and he then enlisted in the regular Confederate service in company C, 3d Louisiana infantry. He remained in the Confederate army, except while a prisoner, until captured and paroled at Shreveport, Louisiana, in 1865. He was in ten engagements, among them the battle of Wil- son's creek, Missouri; the battle of Corinth, Mississippi, and the siege of Vicksburg. At Corinth he was wounded and taken prisoner and confined in the hospital three months. Returning later to the Confederate service, he was again captured at the fall of Vicksburg, and finally, having the third time taken his place in the Confederate ranks, was captured, as stated above, at the close of the war. In 1865 he returned home to Howard county, Missouri, and engaged in farming, following that until 1868, when he established the Dem- ocratic Banner. He edited the Banner until 1872, and having stud- ied law in the meantime, was admitted to the bar (in 1871, however) and began practice. In 1872 he was elected prosecuting attorney of the county, filling that office two years, and in 1878 was again elected, his last term having expired in 1880. THOMAS A. RORER is a pi'ominent farmer of Howard county, having a place of 260 acres of excellent land, well improved and well cultivated. He was born in this county March 10, 1846, and was here reared and edu- cated; Besides taking the usual course in the common schools, he was a student in Central college three years. His father, German Rorer, was a native of Virginia, but came to this county in an early day. He married Miss Mariah Withers, of this county, and by this union five children were reared. The father died in 1864. Thomas HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 405 A. has followed farming all his life. In 1860 he went to Audrain county, this state, where he l'emained two years. Returning home, he then farmed in Chariton township until 1882, when he located in his present place. He was married April 25, 1876, to Miss Lucy J. Wilkerson, daughter of William Wilkerson, a pioneer settler of Howard county. CHARLES ROSENBAUM, dry goods, clothing, boots, shoes, hats, caps, etc. Well known and prominently identified with the business interests of Howard county, is the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, one of the leading merchants of Fayette. Mr. Rosenbaum is a native of Germany, having been born in that country July 20, 1837, but he has lived in this country since he was fourteen years of age, so that in duration of res- idence, as well as in name, he is as much of an American as two- thirds of the population of the United States. Enterprising, intelli- gent and of a progressive mind, he saw even when a youth that America presented opportunities and advantages for rising in the world, not to be found in the older countries of Europe, and accord- ingly, in 1851, he came to the United States and settled in Wakefield, R. I. There he remained ten years engaged in the dry goods and clothing business, and in 1861 came to Lebanon, Mo., believing that still better opportunities were to be found farther west. Devoting himself closely to business in Lebanon for three years, he then pushed on still farther westward, and making a detour to Lawrence, Kan., on his journey, where he stopped a few months, he finally settled in Fayette, where he has since lived, and where he has built up a good business, winning the confidence of the people with the growth of the country. In November, 1860, he was married to Miss Schlessinger, a noble and true woman, who died, however, November 17, 1874, leav- ing him two children — Joseph and Jacob. About five years after- wards, January 28, 1880, he was married again, this time to Mrs. Fannie Semell, a most excellent lady, her maiden name having been Hymen ; and of this marriage they have one child — Mortimer. Mr. Rosenbaum is a member of the I. O. O. F., also of the A. O. U. W. and of the I. O. B. B., of Sidota, Mo., lodge No. 258. He was for several years a member of the city council of Fayette, and also of the school board. As a citizen and as a business man he has the respect of all who know him. M. SCHMIRK, ofSchmirk & Bowers, undertakers, furniture, stoves, tinware, etc. The life of Mr. Schmirk illustrates with singular aptness the sterling qualities of the German character. Economical, but not mean, indus- trious but not reckless of resources in the pursuits of wealth, steady, constant and true, the son of the fatherland goes forward with even step in life, achieving in the end, if not so brilliant a success as some, 406 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. a far more certain and substantial one than the majority. And such,, thus far, has been and promises still to be, the career of Mr. Schmirk. Born in Saxony, Germany, March 18, 1831, at the age of twenty- three he came to America without a friend and without means to make his way in a strange land save his honest hands and the courage- to use them. Having learned the cabinet trade in his native country, on arriving in the new world in 1854 he settled in Virginia, where he worked two years. Influenced by the better opportunities in life in the west, in 1857 he came to Missouri and settled in Fayette, where he has since lived. Here he worked for S. C. Major until 1867 ; and, true to the character of his race for frugality and steady advance- ment in life, he that year was able to become the partner in business with his late employer in which he continued until the death of Mr- Major in 1880. After this the present partnership was formed. Mr. Schmirk is a member of the Masonic order and of the German Lutheran church. In character and integrity he may justly say : " Come one, come all; this firm rock shall fly From its firm base as soon as I." JOHN L. SETTLE. Except during the war, Mr. Settle has lived in this county and) followed farming all his life. On the breaking out of hostilities he- was thirty years of age and in 1864 enlisted in the Confederate army,, in company E, of Col. Perkin's command, and served until the final surrender in 1865. His father, Martin Settle, was from Virginia and was born there about 1780, but came to Howard county in 1823. His mother, Ann Settle, was a native of Kentucky and was a Miss Horse- man before her marriage. They had eleven children, of whom John L. was the tenth. He was born in this county in 1831. His father died in 1858 and his mother in 1878. John L. was brought up on his father's farm, where he remained until 1854, when he settled on his present place. His farm consists of 159 acres of excel- lent land in a good state of improvement. In 1853 — May 23, — he was married to Miss Martha Dudgeon, daughter of A. Dudgeon, of this county, and they have two children — Wilford D. and Jeff D. Mr. Settle is a member of the Masonic order and of the Christian church. He is a man of solid worth and of great industry and energy. JOHN SHAFROTH (Deceased). The subject of this memoir was for twenty-five years a leading merchant of Fayette, and a man whose life was so interwoven with the business interests and prosperity of the place that the whole com- munity felt a loss when he passed away. He was born in Switzerland, September 3, 1810, and came to America when a young man, settling first in St. Louis, where he lived three years. He then came to Eocheport, Missouri, but a year later came to Fayette and here made HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 407 his home until his death. He was marrried November 9, 1840, and reared a family of six children — Sophia, William, Laura, Louisa, Carrie and John T. He died May 8, 1866, aged fifty-five years, seven months and fifteen days. Such were the measures of a well- spent life — from birth to marriage, and to death . But how little they •tell — nothing — of the real life he had ! — of his trials, hopes, disap- pointments and triumphs ; of his sorrows and pleasures, and withal, of the worth of the man — of a character that raised him from the position of a stranger, alone, penniless and in a foreign land, to that of competence and general esteem ; surrounded him by friends and blessed with the comforts of home and family ; — such, more nearly, would be the outline of the life-record of John Shafroth, were it to be written. But here we can only stop to pay the tribute of a word to his memory — a man in whom the better qualities of human nature were so mingled that — "None named him but to praise ;" and, having carved out a successful career in the face of difficulties, yet having held steadfastly to the right amidst all surroundings, he at last died the death of a man with a clear conscience and an irreproach- able name. But his name and the influence of his life for good have not passed away, for — " To live in'hearts we leave behind, Is not to die." SOLON SHEPHERD. The " Old North state " was not derelict in her duty to send out her hardy, brave-hearted sons to assist in the great work of carrying civilization into the interior of the continent and of developing its Midas-like resources. Among the thousands who turned the fronts of their covered wagons toward the west in the early days of the country, and came on to the then wilds of Missouri, was James Shep- herd, the father of Solon, the subject of this sketch. He was born in North Carolina in 1793, and afterwards, though still in his teens, was with the "man of iron" — Jackson — in the Indian wars of Georgia and Carolina. On reaching manhood he came westward, and made his home in Wayne county, Kentucky, where he married Miss Barbara Cotron, a native of Virginia but a resident of Kentucky, and they reared three children, of whom Solon was one. In 1819 the fam- ily emigrated to Howard county, Missouri, where the parents lived until their deaths. The father died September 22, 1845, and the mother in February, 1870. Here Solon Shepherd was born June 12, 1825, and he has ever lived since in this county. He was married, June 6, 1870, to Miss Frances Brown, daughter of Robert Brown, who was one of the first settlers in this county, having immigrated here in 1810. Mr. Brown died May 1, 1871. In 1870, the same year of his marriage, Mr. Shepherd settled on his present farm, which consists of 273 acres. 408 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. HENRY C. SHIELDS. Mr. Shields commenced in life as a school teacher, when nineteen years old, having been born in "Warren county, Ky., July 20, 1840. This he followed six years, and until he was able to begin farming. He was married in this county, January 11, 1866, to Miss Mary John- son, and they had two children — Minnie V. and Edward E. His wife died March 19, 1876, and two years afterwards, March 22, 1875, he was again married, Miss Porlee, a daughter of Thomas Shields, be- coming his wife. They also have two children — Eomie B. and an infant. Mr. Shield's parents were originally from Virginia. His father, Egbert O., was born in Nelson county, in May, 1818, and his mother, whose name before her marriage was Ellen Brent, some years after- wards, in the same state. In 1839, Mr. Shields, the father, went to Kentucky, where his wife died, in 1844. In the winter of 1845, he returned with his children to Virginia, where he remained six years, and then he married again, his second wife having been a Miss Ann E. Bibb. In 1850, he came with his family to Pike county, Mo., where Henry C. was reared and educated. Henry C. came to Howard county in 1862, and, in 1871, settled on his present farm, which consists of 160 acres of well-improved land. For four years he held the position of deputy surveyor of the county — from 1868 to 1872 — and was then elected surveyor himself, serving eight years. He is a member of the Christian church, and an elder in that denomina- tion. As a citizen and neighbor he has the confidence of all who know him. SOLON SMITH, stock dealer. The men who succeed in life are those who have the intelligence to see an opportunity to better their affairs, and the sa- gacity and energy to take advantage of it. Howard county has long been known to be one of the best fine-stock counties in the state, and it is apparent to even the least thoughtful that there is more money made in handling fine stock than there is in handling common grades. Hence, it would seem to go without saying that this county offers su- perior advantages to the stock trader, advantages certainly unsurpassed elsewhere (outside of large cities) in the state. Yet, this fact does not seem to have been generally recognized, judging by the compara- tively small number of stock dealers'in the county who devote their entire time and attention to the business. But among those who have shown the discernment to properly measure the advantages it offers in this line, and the enterprise to avail themselves of the opportunity thus presented, is Mr. Smith, the subject of the present sketch. He has for a number of years been engaged exclusively in dealing in stock in this county, and the results of his experience more than justify his own judgment as a stockman, and the views here expressed. Asa stock dealer he has been abundantly successful, and he has the reputa- tion of being one of the best stock traders in this section of the coun- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 409 try. He was born and principally reared in the blue-grass regions of Kentucky, his native county being Madison, and the date of his birth, the 3d of April, 1842. He was brought up to farm life, and has made stock his study from boyhood. From handling Kentucky stock he learned what fine stock was, and he has never lost sight of the differ- ence between dealing in valuable and in cheap stock. In 1857, he came with his parents to Missouri, who, after stopping in Cooper county for one year, came to Howard county and made this their per- manent home. In Kentucky, he had attended the common schools, and after coming to this state he attended the Lathrop academy, of Boone county, and Central college, at Fayette. After the conclusion of his scholastic course he resumed his place on the farm, and, after starting out in life for himself, he continued to follow farming, mainly, until 1873, when he formed a partnership with Mr. J. Tolson, and erected a large feed and sale stable building, in Fayette, where they made a specialty of the mule trade. They continued in this partner- ship until 1882. Mr. Smith then disposed of his interest in the busi- ness, and has since been engaged alone in general stock dealing. With his life-time knowledge of stock, with his ten years and more of active experience in dealing in them, and considering the success he has al- ways achieved, it is certainly not too much to expect a more than or- dinarily successful future for him in this line of trade. On the 26th of September, 1867, he was married to Miss Elizabeth W., an amiable and refined daughter of Dr. S. T. Crews, an early settler and promi- nent physician of Howard county. Their family consists of four children — Mary K., Paul C, James S. and Elizabeth. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the Christian church. JUDGE JAMES T. SMITH, probate judge of Howard county, came to this county in 1856, and, barring an absence of a year in southwest Missouri and his course at law school, he has lived here ever since. He is also from Madison county, Kentucky, that prolific source of so many of the best men of Howard county. He was born there July 20, 1838, and was therefore but eighteen years of age when he came to Missouri. Here, in Fayette, he attended Central college, and afterward attended law school in Cincinnati, where he graduated in 1860 with marked dis- tinction. After his graduation he went to Butler, Bates county, in this state, and there located in the practice of the law. But at the expiration »f a year, he returned to this county and engaged in farm- ing, which he followed until 1875, when he entered into co-partner- ship with Mr. W. A. Dudgeon in the drug business. He continued in this until the fall of 1878, and was then elected to the office of probate judge, which he now holds. He was married June 28, 1866, to Miss Josephine Wilcoxson of this county, a young lady of the most excellent worth and accomplishments, and they now have a family of four children : Willard , George W. , Newton E. and an infant, unnamed . 410 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Judge Smith is a man of rigid integrity and superior ability, and he enjoys the confidence and respect of all who know him. He is a prominent member of the Masonic order of Fayette. DR. THOMAS J. SMITH. Dr. Smith's grandfather, Enoch Smith, was one of the pioneers of Kentucky, having settled Montgomery county, of that state, at an early day. There, in the same place where the grandfather had forced his way with rifle and axe, the father, Enoch, Jr., was afterwards born December 25, 1795. When about twenty-three years of age, Enoch Smith, Jr., was married to Miss Sallie Grimes, a native of Fayette county, Kentucky, and of this union twelve children were born, of whom, Dr. Smith, the subject of this sketch, was the fourth. Dr. Smith's parents lived in Montgomery county, Kentucky, until the fall of 1881, when they came to Missouri, but both died the fol- lowing year. There the son grew up and received the rudiments of his education. In 1844 he entered Bethany college in Brooks county, Virginia, of which Alexander Campbell was then president, where he continued two years, graduating in 1846, with the honors of the college. Returning home after his graduation from Bethany, he at once began the study of medicine to which he gave his whole time and attention, and in 1849, commenced a course in the Eclectic medical college in Cincinnati, which he completed two years afterwards, grad- uating with honor from that eminent school. Thus thoroughly equipped with both general and professional education, he came to Missouri and located at Fayette, Howard county, in 1851, where he has practised ever since — a period of thirty-two years. Dr. Smith was married in 1848, to Miss Margaret McCulloch, a native of New Orleans, and they have had eleven children, of whom six are now liv- ing : Louise, Annie, Maggie, Sallie, Newland and Enoch ; those de- ceased were, Thomas, Franklin, Sterling, Alexander and Fannie. He is a consistent member of the Christian church, and endeavors to so live that his life shall exemplify the depth and sincerity of his faith. As a physician he enjoys a well earned reputation for skill and ability, and as a man and a citizen he is without reproach. ANDREW J. SMITH was born in Chariton county, Missouri, March 31, 1840.. His father, Mathias Smith, was a native of Germany, and emigrated to Pennsyl- vania in 1825, and in 1826 came to Missouri, where he lived until his death, which occurred in 1865. The maiden name of Andrew J.'s mother, who is still living, was Christa A. Ruff. She, also, was born in Germany. Andrew J. was the eldest of seven children, and was reared on a farm in his native county, and followed this occupation until April, 1882, when he commenced working at the blacksmith trade, and is a partner in the firm of Maisburger & Smith. He married Miss Margaret Huber, a native of Germany. She died in December, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 411 1878, leaving four children, John M., Sylvester, Paulina H. and Elizabeth J. In his religious preferences he is a Catholic. During the late war he served over three years in the Missouri state militia, .and held the position of sergeant in the company. THOMAS H. STAPLETON. The family of which Mr. Stapleton is a representative justly oc- cupies a prominent place in the biographic annals of Howard county. 'George H. Stapleton, the grandfather of Thomas H., came with his family, then consisting of his wife and four children, from Kentucky in 1816, and settled in this county. He was a leading member of the Baptist church, and was clerk of the first general association of that -denomination ever held west of St. Charles. As a farmer and busi- ness man he also occupied a prominent position, and as an evidence 'of the confidence and esteem in which he was held, it may be men- tioned that he was called to serve the people of the county for six years in the capacity of judge of the county court. A short time after his official term expired, in 1833, he died, leaving his family a handsome competence. His wife, before her marriage, was Miss Eliza Sheeley. She, also, died in this county. Pour children were born to them after they came to Howard county, making a family of -eight, as follows: William H., father of Thomas H. ; George W., Amanda (Mrs. Joseph Wilcoxson) ; Margaret (Mrs. William Mau- pin) ; Theodore C, Joseph, Mary (Mrs. Neri Brashear), who died in this county, and David S. Stapleton, who died in Cedar county, Missouri. William H. Stapleton was born in Fayette county, January 22, 1816, the same year his father immigrated to Mis- souri. He was therefore reared and educated in this county. In his twenty-first year he was married to Miss Evalina, sister of Dr. "Kingsbury, a wealthy and old settler of Howard county. Of this union seven children were born, but three of whom are now living — -Joseph, of Randolph county, Missouri ; Elizabeth, wife of Geo. W. P. Smith, also of Randolph county, and Thomas H., the subject of this sketch. Mr. Stapleton has followed farming and milling principally, and he has been very successful in both occupations. He has im- proved one farm and built two steam flouring mills, viz., the Staple- ton mills, four miles south of Fayette, and the Fayette City mills. He now owns three farms in the county, besides some valuable town property. Thomas H. Stapleton is a native of this county, born "March 7, 1856. He was reared on his father's farm, but attended the common schools in his youth, and in 1872 and 1873 took a course at Mt. Pleasant college, in Huntsville, Missouri, thus acquiring a more advanced education. Returning from college, he engaged in farming, which he has since followed. Besides strictly agricultural "interests, he has also been engaged with Mr. Preston in the manufac- ture of a corn planter, which is in general use, and is very popular. •Jointly with Mr. Geo. W. P. Smith he has 364 acres of excellent 412 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. land, well improved. He was married May 26, 1881, to Miss Eliza- beth I. Vaughan, a native of Missouri and a relative of Henry Clay, the Kentucky statesman. They have one child, William M. H. GEORGE W. STAPLETON, farmer and stock. raiser, section 25, is the youngest son of George and Eliza Stapleton, who came to this (Howard) county from Ken- tucky in 1816. George W. was born in Howard county, Missouri, in the same house which he now occupies, September 29, 1835. In January, 1861, he was married to Miss Martha Cornelison, of Mad- ison county, Kentucky, and a daughter of John and Aletha Cor- nelison, of the same county. She died in April, 1866, leaving two children, only one of whom survives, John E. During the war Mr. S. remained at home and operated the old Stapleton mill. This mill was the only one in the county and surrounding country that was conducted during that conflict. He now owns a fine farm, containing 800 acres. Mr. S. joined the Masonic order in 1861. DR. JOHN A. TALBOT. Dr. John A. Talbot was for many years one of the most promi- nent physicians and one of the leading men of Howard county. Aside from being a thorough and educated physician, he was naturally a man of superior intelligence, and withal possessed in a marked degree of the qualities that make one respected and esteemed by those around him. His life was an active and energetic one, and without doing any man wrong, but by his own exertions and good manage- ment, he accumulated a handsome fortune. He was born in Erie county, Pa., November 18, 1805, where he lived until he came to Missouri. His father, George T. Talbot, was a native of Maryland, but when a young man went to Pennsylvania and there married and reared his family. On his mother's side, Dr. Talbot, was of the All- nutt family of Pennsylvania, his father having married Miss Mary Allnutt of that state. In youth, the son had excellent school advan- tages not only in the public schools of the period, but also in college. His professional education was acquired at Jefferson college, Phila- delphia, from which he was duly graduated. His parents, however, were not wealthy, and he contributed very materially by his own ex- ertions to the means for his education. Having completed his pro- fessional education, he resolved to come west and seek his fortune in the new empire then rapidly springing up along the shores of the Missouri. Accordingly he came to Howard county, where he settled and entered upon the practice of medicine ; and how he succeeded in the realization of his hopes has been indicated in a preceding sentence.. He married Miss Alice Daly, a refined and accomplished lady, born September 5, 1814, and of this union Alice, George D., lone, William, Ethelbert, Ralph, John and Robert — seven children — were reared. He died August 1, 1858, his wife following him in death HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 413 April 15, 1871. He lived an honorable and respected life, and now that he has passed away, his memory is cherished as that of a good man and an upright citizen. HENRY C. TINDALL. In the veins of Henry C. Tindall mingles the blood of the courtty, hospitable Virginian and the indomitable progressive New Englander. His grandfather Tindall, then a young man, came with his father's family from Virginia to Missouri in an early day. Shortly afterwards the family settled in Howard county and here the father of Henry C. was born and reared. His father on reaching manhood, was married to a Miss Kingsbury, whose father with his grandfather's family, . came from Massachusetts. Jere Kingsbury, the grandfather of Henry C. on the mother's side, was born in Massachusetts, December 5, 1784, and died in this county April 5, 1863. His wife, the grand- mother of Henry C, was born in North Carolina, June 18, 1797, and died here June 5, 1852. Mr. Tindall's (H. C.'s) father was bom in Howard county, Mo., March 8, 1825, and died May 18, 1855 ; and his mother, whose maiden name was Lucina Kingsbury, was born in this county, January 31, 1827, and is still living. Mr. T.'s ancestry rep- resents two of the earliest pioneer families of the county. Henry C. Tindall, the subject of this sketch, was born in Howard county, Mo., February 9, 1846, and was brought up on his father's farm in this county. In youth he had the advantage of the common schools of his neighborhood, and he also attended one term in Central college and two terms in Mt. Pleasant college at Huntsville, Mo. He thus ac- quired an excellent practical education which qualified him for the business duties of life. But on the farm at home he had already formed a taste for an agricultural life, which, on his return from col- lege, he adopted as his regular occupation and this he has since fol- lowed. However, in 1882, he was elected to the office of county clerk, the position he now holds, but he has not given up farming as his regular occupation. On the 17th of November, 1870, he was united in marriage to Miss Theodora C. Wilcoxson. They have five, children now living — Lulu, Jefferson W., Josephine, Jackson C. and Leonora. Mr. Tindall served in the Confederate army from the fall of 1864 until the general surrender in 1865, having been a member of company E, Searcy's battalion of Missouri sharpshooters during that time. NERIAH P. TODD was born and reared in Howard county and has always lived here, except about one year, during which he was in the Confederate army. He is a son of Neriah Todd, of this county, whose sketch appears else- where, and was born August 26, 1843. In 1864, when twenty-one years of age, he enlisted in company E, commanded by Captain T. W.Todd, in Perkins battalion, and served until the general surrender 28 414 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. in 1865. He then returned home and farmed on the old homestead until 1874, when he located on his present place. His farm consists of 386 acres, and he is an energetic and successful farmer. He was mar- ried February 10, 1874, to Miss Mary J. Afflick. They have four children, Sallie W., Fletcher, Neriah P. and Eugene B. Mr. Todd is a leading dealer in and breeder of short-horn cattle and fine sheep. NERIAH TODD, farmer and breeder of blooded stock. Even before the war central Mis- souri had a widespread reputation throughout the Mississippi and Mis- ;!f souri river states as an important centre of blooded stock . Conspicuous/ \ among the citizens of Howard county who have engaged largely in this business is Neriah Todd, the subject of this sketch, and his son Chenault. It is not, of course, the province of a biographical out- line to give in detail the business in which its subject is engaged, and the fact can therefore only be noted that the Messrs. Todd, father and son, rank among the prominent short-horn stockmen of the county. Mr. N. Todd has a farm of 527 acres and makes a specialty of raising Durham cattle, of which he has one of the finest herds in the county. His son is also largely engaged in this business, having begun in 1870, buying his breeders from the best stock in Kentucky and Illinois. He has a large herd, at the head of which is " Sharon Geneva," a fine Durham bullock, of the pure Rose of Sharon breed, raised by Mr. A. Renick, of Kentucky. Neriah Todd's father, Thomas Todd, was a native of North Carolina, and was born December 25, 1771. He came to Kentucky in 1790, and March 5, 1795, married Mary Che- nault, of the latter state, who was born May 14, 1775. They had eight children, of whom Neriah Todd was one. In 1816, when young Neriah Todd was but twelve years old, they immigrated to Howard county, Missouri, settling first at New Franklin, and afterwards, in 1820, they settled on the place where Neriah now lives, and where his parents died. His father died June 13, 1857, and his mother, June 2, 1834. Mr. Todd, the father, was prominently identified with the de- velopment of Howard county, and was regarded as an intelligent, ener- getic and upright citizen and farmer. Neriah was born in Madison county, Kentucky, December 4, 1804, but was principally reared in this county. He lived with his father on the home farm until 1829, when he improved a farm in section 2, but returned to the home place in 1850. He was married December 15, 1829, to Miss Minerva, who was born in Kentucky, June 2, 1806, a daughter of William Hocker, an old citizen of Howard county, he having settled here in 1824, and of this marriage there are eight children : William, Thomas, Eugene, James, Sarah, Neriah, Jr., Elizabeth and Chenault. He has been a member of the Baptist church thirty years. JUDGE BEN H.'TOLSON. The Tolson family represents a type of citizenship that consti- tutes the substantial, intelligent element in every community. In- HISTOKY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 415 dustrious, conservative and energetic, they generally achieve a sub- stantial success in whatever pursuit they follow, and appreciating the advantages of a reasonable knowledge, at least, of the information that can be derived only from books, they are almost invariably friends of education, and commonly rank among the more intelligent in their respective communities. Being usually well-to-do in life and satisfied with the conditions that surround them, they are the first to go to the defence of the state against threatened invasion or violent changes in the form or methods of government. Such has been the character of the Tolsons from their first settlement in this country, prior to the revolution. George Tolson, Judge Tolson's great grand- father, was a native of England, and settled in Stafford county, Vir- ginia, in the time of the colonies. He there reared a family, and William Tolson, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was one of his sons. William served in the colonial army under the im- mediate command of General Washington during the entire struggle for independence, and one of his brothers, Benjamin, rose to the po- sition of major during the same war. John Tolson, son of William, and the father of Judge Tolson, was born February 3, 1791, in Staf- ford county, Virginia* where his grandfather first settled, but emi- grated to Madison county, Kentucky, in 1810. When the war of 1812 broke out he volunteer in the United States service, and was in several hard-fought battles. Among the rest was that known as "Dudley's Defeat," in which he was taken prisoner and stripped by the Indians and compelled to run the gauntlet. After the close of the war he returned to Madison county, and in a short time after- wards, January 12, 1815, was united in marriage to Miss Rebecca, daughter of Benjamin Howard, of the distinguished Howard family of Kentucky. Of this union nine children were born, of whom Judge Tolson was the eldest, and he was born in Madison county, Kentucky, January 10, 1816. In the fall of 1819 the family came to Missouri and settled in Howard county, where they made their permanent home, and here John Tolson died January 9, 1870, his wife having preceded him in death eight years — September 6, 1862. Speaking of the lives they led, it has been said of them : " They both lived and died in the fellowship of the Baptist church. They lived peaceable and exemplary lives, and an old pioneer said of Mr. Tolson, that 'he was the best man he had ever known.' " Benjamin H. was reared on his father's farm and remained with the family until 1835. Hav- ing in the meantime acquired a good practical education, he engaged in school teaching, which he followed until 1842. However, after his first school, he attended the university at Columbia in order to pre- pare himself the more thoroughly for his profession. Teaching agaiii for a time in this state, he then went to Kentucky and taught three terms near Boonsboro, in that state. Returning in 1842, he was thereupon married to Miss Eliza J., daughter of David R. Downing, an early settler of the county. He then bought a part of his father's old homestead and settled down to farming, in which he has since continued. In 1859 he moved to his present farm. He owns a hand- 416 HISTOKT OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. some place of 485 acres, all well improved ; and besides this, he has another body of land of 1,062 acres in Randolph county, Missouri. Prior to the war he owned twenty-two slaves, and notwithstanding he lost those and a great deal of other property, be is still regarded as one of the wealthy farmers of Howard county. In the spring of 1858 he was elected justice of the peace, which position he filled for six- teen years, and in the fall of 1874 was elected to the office of county judge, and has proved himself an able and efficient member of that body. Judge Tolson has been three times married. By his first wife he had two sons, John and Joseph. By his second, formerly Miss Sarah F., daughter of Wm, B. Gibbs, he had two daughters: Bettie, the wife of James Gibbs, and Anna. His present wife was formerly Miss Lo Manion, daughter of John O. Manion, of Ken- tucky, and late of this county He and his wife are both members of the Christian church, with which they have been connected for many years. JOHN D. TOLSON. Notwithstanding one's opportunities in life may not be unfavor- able, opportunities will not bring success unless united with the qual- ities which enable him to win it even in the face of difficulties. That Mr. Tolson's career as a business man has been characterized by marked success, is perhaps not entirely undue to the fact that he was not without a nucleus of means with which to begin business, yet he undoubtedly owes more to his own exertions for what he has accom- plished than to any other cause. Though comparatively a young man, he already occupies a prominent position among the business men of the county. John D. Tolson, the elder of two sous, born to Judge Benjamin H. Tolson and his first wife, Eliza Downing Tolson, was born in this county December 10, 1843, and was educated in the com- mon schools of the county, having also the advantage of a course at Central college ; but as the war broke out in 1861, thus necessitating the closing of that institution, he was prevented from completing his education there as he bad expected to do. After the conclusion of the war he engaged, in September, 1865, in the dry goods business as the leading partner in the firm of J. D. Tolson & Co. Two years later the firm became Tolson, Pankey & Crews, and two years later still, in 1865, he retired from business entirely and thereupon engaged in farming. Continuing farming until 1874, he then embarked again in merchandising, dealing mainly in hardware, but shortly afterwards added a stock of groceries, his brother becoming his partner for a time, and then retiring. In 1877 he disposed of the grocery branch of his trade, but continued in business, dealing in farming implements and machinery. In 1883 Mr. Tolson consolidated his farming implements and machinery business with the grocery, grain, etc., house of Boughner his wits — in fact, it is believed that a great many must work, and education is not supposed to unfit a man for work ; hence, most of the youths of that country learn trades in addition to acquiring good educations. Accordingly, Mr. L. learned the stone mason's trade, antl learned it thoroughly, and followed it there until he came to this country, in 1847. Here he went to work at his trade, continuing at it day after day and year after year, until bj r economy and sober good sense he had laid deep and broad the foundation of his fortune, for he may now fairly be classed as a wealthy man in this western country. He landed at New York and came west to Cleveland, Ohio, and worked there two* years ; then he came and worked a year in St. Louis, after which he came to Glasgow in 1850 and followed his trade until 1864, when he became the owner of his present farm and home. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 455 Now he is more independent and by far more of a man than a whole regiment of little titled Hesse-Darmstadt, Saxe-Altenburg nobodies. In October, 1839, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Peller, of Prussia, and they have seven children living — Catherine, William, Anton, Ellen, Mary, Joseph and Charles. WILLIAM LUTZ, dealer in glassware, queensware, hardware, etc. Mr. L. began his present business in 1870, with a small stock of goods, and now has one of the leading stores in Glasgow. He owns the building which he occupies, and also the one adjoining it — both good, substantial stores. These facts speak more for his intelligence and enterprise than anything that could be set in type. He is a native of Prussia, and was born January 8, 1843. He came to this country when a boy, with his parents — Anton and Elizabeth Lutz. They first settled in Cleveland, Ohio, and in 1850 came to Howard county, where William grew up and followed farming until he engaged in his present business. In youth he acquired a good education, so that he has that qualifica- tion as well as industry and good common sense as a business man. Besides his mercantile business, he is. also engaged in the insurance business, being the agent for the old reliable Phoenix Insurauce Com- pany. He was married on the 3d of October, 1876, to Miss Mary Schaefer, of Boonville, and they have three children — Augusta Antonattie, William and Hubbard. Mr. L. is a member of the A. 0. U. W. CAPTAIN ABSALOM McCRARY, farmer and nurseryman. Captain McCrary is not only a successful and enterprising farmer, but he has been a gallant soldier of two wars. He was born in this county, October 8, 1821, and was reared here and educated in the common schools. Farming has been his oc- cupation through life thus far, supplemented by the nursery business, that is except during the time he served his country in the army. In June, 1846, he enlisted in the service designed for the Mexican war, and followed the starry flag to the halls of the Montezumas. Re- turning home afterwards, he resumed farming and the fruit-tree cul- ture. He has a neat place of 150 acres, ten acres of which are devoted to the nursery business, his trees principally being apple trees ; still he gives some attention to small fruit. He has a large and well selected variety of apples, peaches, etc., etc. He is the oldest nurseryman in the county, and one of the oldest in the state, having been engaged in the business over forty years. In the last war he enlistedin Captain Cooper's company of this county, in which he served for a time as lieutenant and was afterwards appointed a recruiting officer in the Confederate army, with the rank of captain. The war closed, however, while he was in this commission. For three years he was justice of the peace, of the county, for his township. In 456 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. November, 1849, he was married to Miss Caroline A. Yager, a native of Madison county, Virginia. They have five children, Milton, Pat- rick, Eva, Absalom E. and Callie. Mr. and Mrs. M. are both mem- bers of the Baptist church. JOHN McCRARY, farmer, section 14. Mr. McCrary was brought to this county by his parents in 1820, when but a year old, having been born in Cocke county, Tennesse, January 31, 1819. He was reared and educated in Howard county, having'had the advantages afforded by the com- mon schools of this county. He was brought up on a farm and adopted farming as his occupation in life, which he has continued to follow. He now owns a farm of 380 acres. Besides the ordinary business of farming he gives some attention to stock raising, in which he has been very successful. On the 27th of September, 1842, he was married to Miss Margaret H. Witt, she having been born in How— ard county, March 20, 1825. She was a daughter of L. B. Witt, one of the early settlers of this county. Mr. and Mrs. McCrary have eleven children: Eliza A., Napoleon B., Olivia, Spencer H., Thomas W., Theodore H., Alonzo M., John C, Ludie P., Bell and May. Both parents are members of the missionary Baptist church. H. METCALFE, farmer. Like most of the residents of this county who come from Kentucky, Mr. Metcalfe's ancestors were originally from Virginia. He was a son of John P. Metcalfe, whose father came from Virginia in an early day and settled in Kentucky. John P. was born and reared in the latter state, and on reaching manhood was married to Miss Re- becca Pogue, also of Kentucky, but of a Virginia family. John P. 's father, Eli Metcalfe, was a brother to Hon. Thomas Metcalfe, formerly governor of Kentucky. John P. and Rebecca Metcalfe reared six children, of whom the subject of this sketch was the fourth. H. Metcalfe was born in Fleming county, Kentucky, June 6, 1829. He was reared on a farm and has made farming his occupation for life. He remained in Kentucky until 1857, when he came to Howard county and November 25, 1858, was married to Miss Margaret B. Jackson, daughter of Wade M. Jackson, of this county. She was born June 13, 1839. He then went to Pettis county where he lived four years. In 1862 he returned to Howard county and has continued to live here since. Mr. and Mrs. Metcalfe have six children, Ida R., Harriet C, John P., Mary, Sabra and Pearl. Both parents are members of the Baptist church. WILLIAM A. MEYER, grocer, etc., and agent of the Missouri river packet lines at Glasgow. Mr. Meyer has led a successful business life, and in the notes from HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 457 which this sketch is written is found this simple tribute to his mother: " My mother was well educated, and took great interest in my education. I owe a great deal to her." How much the success- ful men in every walk of life owe to the influence of their mothers upon their early education and character is, unfortunately, not under- stood as it should be, and therefore not often acknowledged ; hence this tribute is worthy of special notice — shows that he who paid it not only understands one of the principal sources of his success, but has the heart to appreciate it. " The mother in her office holds the key * Of the soul; and she it is who stamps the coin Of character, and makes the being who would be n savage, But for her gentle cares, a worthy man ; Then crown her queen of the world. " Mr. Meyer was born in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, De- cember 18, 1838. When still a child, his parents came to Missouri and settled in Chariton county, where he was reared and educated, attending the common schools and also receiving instruction at home from his mother, Mrs. Meyer being a lady of superior accomplish- ments and having devoted her whole mind and heart to the mental culture of her children and the care of her family. W. A. thus ac- quired more than an ordinary education. Having attained to man- hood when the war broke out, he enlisted sometime afterwards in com- pany H, 9th Missouri state militia, in which he served over two years, and in 1865 he came to Glasgow and engaged as clerk in a mer- cantile house, in which he was employed about five years. He then es- tablished his present business and soon became one of the prominent business men of the place. As a business man he is deservedly popular, and has a large and increasing custom. He was married February 22, 1866, to Miss May C. Steinmetz, of Glasgow. They have three children now living: Samuel L., George E. and Ettie. Mr. M.'s father, W. A. Meyer, was a native of Prussia and came to this country in 1832. In 1837 he was married to Miss Margaret Muench, of Pennsylvania, and in 1841 they came to this state, where the father died in 1851. CHARLES G. MILLER, of Lehman & Miller, merchants. Of the above firm a somewhat ex- tended notice is given in the sketch of the senior partner, Mr. Leh- man, thus rendering unnecessary any mention of the business here, except the statement that Mr. Miller is a member of the firm. How- ever, if the truth is always necessary to be told, it ought to be added in this connection that Mr. M. is one of the most thorough, accom- plished and enterprising young business men in Howard county. He was born in Boonville, Missouri, May 13, 1857, and had the advan- tages afforded by the excellent schools of the place, in which he ac- quired an unusually good education. On reaching early manhood he 458 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. commenced his mercantile experience in Boonville, then went to Chi- cago where he was employed as clerk in the mercantile business until .1880, when he came to Glasgow, and in 1881 became a member of the present firm as elsewhere stated. He has to an eminent degree all the qualifications for a successful business man, and one of the best evidences of this fact is the success he has achieved so early in life. His future seems to be a bright one. He was married, June 27, 1882, to Miss Hattie B. Briggs, a cultured and fascinating young lady of Howard county. Mr. Miller's father, George Miller, was a native of Saxony, and when a young man came to America, locating shortly afterwards in Boonville, where he married Miss Sophia Fox, of that city, of which union three children were born, the subject of this sketch being the only surviving one. Mr. M. is a member of the Knights of Pythias. ROBERTSON MOORE. Mr. Moore is a venerable and honorable landmark of the pioneer days of this section of the country, one that the present nor succeeding generation cannot afford to forget. His name figures prominently in the history of the " Boone's Lick" country, both in business and public affairs. Away back in the thirties he was connected with the mercan- tile interests of Old Chariton, and afterwards ran on the river for a number of years ; was subsequently sheriff of Chariton county and then representative of the county in the legislature. In fact, the history of these early'times could not be written without prominent mention of his name. He was born in Christian county, Kentucky, January 23d, 1812, and was one of three children born in that state to John and Rebecca Moore, his father coming originally from North Carolina, and his mother, whose maiden name was Robertson, having been born in Tennessee, but with parents came to Kentucky early in life, and after spending several years of their married life in that state came to Missouri in 1817, and settled in Old Chariton. John Moore owned a number of slaves, and by their labor carried on the blacksmithing business ; he also did farming. Subsequently he became sheriff of Chariton county, a position his son held a number of years after- wards, and was one of the prominent men of the county. Robertson, his son, and the subject of this sketch, was but five years old when his parents came to Old Chariton, and hence he was brought up in that place. In early life he obtained the best education he could in the local schools and by study at home. Afterwards, and several years before reaching manhood, he became clerk for James Glasgow, in Old Chariton, a position he filled for a number of years. At the age of twenty-five, in 1837, he began clerking on a steamboat on the river, and ran the Mississippi and Missouri for eight years, becoming widely known as the best and most popular clerk in the steamboat service; Then quitting the river on account of his father's sickness he engaged in farming, and now owns two farms in Chariton county, containing 400 acres, well improved. After the close of the war he engaged in HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 549 merchandising in Glasgow. His terms of sheriff extended from 1846 to 1850, and from 1854 to 1858, after which he was elected to the legislature and served two years in that body. Twice he has taken the census for the government in Chariton county, and has held other positions of trust. He was married on the 30th day of June, 1844, to Miss Clarinda G. Maddox, a native of Kentucky. She died June 30th, 1865, leaving him one child, John S., with whom he now lives and who is engaged in the livery business in Glasgow. Hon. GARRETT W. MOREHEAD. The Morehead family is of Scotch descent, and came to this country by way of England. Hon. Garrett W.'s grandfather, Col. Turner Morehead, was a citizen of Virginia and served in the revolu- tionary army. He was in the principal engagements of the war, in- cluding that of Yorktown, and was an intimate friend of Gen. Wash- ington. In the latter part of his life he emigrated from Virginia to Kentucky, and settled near Bowling Green in 1819. He reared a large family, and several of his descendants became prominent in the public life of the country; James T., cousin to Garrett W., was governor of Kentucky and senator from that state, a colleague with Henry Clay ; Charles S., another cousin, was also governor of and congressman from the same state ; and John M., still another cousin, was governor of South Carolina and a large manufacturer there, and was the founder of the city of Morehead of that state. Turner, a son of Col. Turner Morehead, and the father of Garrett W., was the eld- est son of his father's first wife, formerly Miss Hoe, of the well-known family of Virginia of that name. His father's second wife was a Miss Payton of another prominent Virginia family. On reaching manhood Turner located in Maiyland, and there, shortly afterwards, married Miss Martha Worthington, of the Worthingtons, who were among the first settlers of the state under Lord Baltimore, and a cousin to the celebrated Methodist minister, Freeborn Garrison. In Maryland he engaged in the mercantile business and became, and was for many years afterwards, one of the leading wholesale merchants of Baltimore. He continued in business in Philadelphia until the death of his wife, about 1868, when he came to Missouri, .and spent his last days with his son, the subject of this sketch. It should have been stated, however, that he participated actively in the war of 1812, having the command of a company in that struggle, and was in the battle of North Point, in which Lord North was killed. Garrett W., his son, was born at his father's country' seat near Baltimore, May 1, 1819. In 1836 he came to Ray county, Missouri, and became clerk to the firm of Morehead & Aull, of which his uncle, Charles R., was the leading member. In 1840 he commenced business on his own account in partnership with Mr. Jacobs, under the name of Morehead & Jacobs. About a year afterwards they moved their business to the Point, near Glasgow, and later sold off their stock and engaged in the tobacco trade ; but shortly afterwards they returned to the regular mercantile business, this 460 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. time establishing themselves in Roanoke, where they continued until the firm finally dissolved. Since 1851 Mr. Morehead has been en- gaged in farming and stock raising. He has a splendid farm of 466 acres, well stocked and well improved. November 13, 1841, he was married to Miss Sarah A., a daughter of Sinclair Page, an early settler of this county. After thirty-seven years, devoted to the happiness of her family, she passed away July 9, 1878, leaving four children now living: Worthington, Henry C, Garrett W., Jr., and Sallie A. Jan- uary 27, 1881, Mr. Morehead was again married, Mrs. Sallie J., widow of the late Gen. Lucien J. Eastin, becoming his second wife. She was born in Boone county, Missouri, May 29, 1829, and was the daughter of Geo. C. and Ellen Barnes Dale, of that county, George C. being originally from Kentucky. In 1875 Mr. Morehead was elected to the legislature from this county, in whieh he represented the people with fidelity and ability, and to the entire satisfaction of his constitu- ents. For many years he has been a prominent member of the Bap- tist church, and served through several sessions of the association as moderator. He was a director of the old Exchange bank in Glasgow during its entire career, and is now serving in a similar capacity in the directorship of the Glasgow Savings bank. He was the first W. M. of the Livingstone Masonic lodge of Glasgow, and is still, of course, a member of that order. THOMAS W. MOREHEAD, retired farmer and capitalist. Mr. Morehead is a brother to the Hon. Garrett W., in whose sketch mention is made of their ancestry. Thomas W. ts two years younger than his brother, having been born in Baltimore, Maryland, August 21, 1821. About five years after- wards his parents moved to Philadelphia, where he was reared to his nineteenth year, receiving a good practical education in the schools of that city, and also acquiring an excellent knowledge of mercantile business in his father's store. In 1840 he came to Missouri and was employed in selling goods in Richmond, Ray county, in which he con- tinued about one year. On the 13th of May, 1841, he was married to Miss Ann E. Miller, of Howard county, after which he engaged in farming in this county. Coming of the family he did, and possessed of the qualities of industry, frugality and superior intelligence he was, it was to have been expected that he would succeed as a farmer, or, indeed, in any line to which he might give his attention. The result has been that he soon became one of the leading farmers of the county, and, by good management and enterprise, accumulated a handsome estate. He followed farming until 1865, when, having moved to Glasgow the year before, he withdrew from all active pursuits, and now, with an ample competence, and in the midst of family and friends, he is leading a life of ease and honorable retirement. " Age sits with decent grace upon his visage, And worthily becomes his silver locks ; He bears the marks of many years well spent, Of virtue, truth well tried, and wise experience." HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOl'ER COUNTIES. 461 Mr. and Mrs. Morehead have four sons and four daughters now living : Robert T., William W., James O., Eugene, Matilda, Sallie, Bettie and Stella. Both parents are consistent and exemplary members of the Baptist church. Mr. M. is also a member of Lodge No. 51, A. F. and A. M. and of the I. O. G. T. Mrs. M. was born in this county in October, 1823. Her father was a native of Kentucky, and her mother was originally from Virginia. Mr. Morehead is a public- spirited citizen, and, by his enterprise and liberality, Glasgow and the whole western part of the county have often been materially and greatly benefited. He has not only striven for his own prosperity, but he has exerted himself on all proper occasions for the prosperity of the whole community in which he lives, and his life thus far has been more than ordinarily a useful and valuable one. JUDGE ALFRED W. MORRISON. It is sixty-three years ago since Alfred W. Morrison, then a young man some eighteen years of age, came to Howard county. These three score and more years have been years of honor and ser- vice to the county and state in which he lives. Few men have led more honorable and useful lives. While his has not been so brilliant as some, it has marked, with a clearness of intelligence, a substantial ability, and above all, an unswerving integrity of purpose that stamps one's success with a durability and real honor not always character- istic of more striking and brilliant results. His father, William Mor- rison, was a native of Wales, and, shortly after coming to this country, made his home in Jessamine county, Ky., where he married Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Alfred Williams, formally of Virginia. Six children resulted from this union, of whom Alfred W., the only son, was born November 25, 1802- When he was a small boy, his father died and his mother married Lawrence J. Daly, an accomplished teacher of that day, under whose tuition Alfred received a liberal education, particularly in the department of mathematics. In 1820, the family moved to Missouri and settled in Howard county, and in 1822, Mr. Daly became surveyor of the county, whereupon Alfred became his deputy and thus acquired a thorough practical knowledge of surveying. After reaching manhood, Alfred Morrison's acknowl- edged ability and unswerving integrity, recommended him to the peo- ple and to the public authorities for various .official positions, in which he served almost continuously and always acceptably, for nearly forty years. For ten years he was county surveyor, during which he laid off the towns of Franklin, Fayette, Boonsboro and Roanoke, as well as filling several government contracts on the western boundary of the Platte purchase, on the northern boundary of the state adjoin- ing Iowa, and in Camden county, on the Big Osage. He subse- quently held the offices of sheriff, assessor and judge of the county court, and for four years was receiver in the land office at Fayette, by appointment of President Polk. He was also appointed, by Gen- eral Clark, commissary to the expedition sent out to expel the Mor- 31 462 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. raons from the state, and without a dollar of public money, — but by using the personal acceptances of the general commanding, involving the expenditure of over $200,000, which was subsequently refunded, however, by the state — he carried the expedition to a successful con- clusion. In 1851, he was appointed state treasurer by Governor Ring, to fill out the unexpired term of P. G. Glover, deceased, and he discharged the duties of this office with such fidelity and ability that he was three times in succession elected to the same position, and he finally resigned it in 1861, against the earnest remonstrance of Gov- ernor Gamble, rather than take the political test oath then required by the party in power. Shortly after returning to Howard county from Jefferson City, in 1861, he bought the Joel Hayden farm, a fine estate of 800 acres, where he has since lived in honorable and comfort- able retirement. Judge Morrison has been twice married. First, March 15, 1825, to Miss Minerva, daughter of Captain Jackson, an early settler of this county, but originally of Tennessee, and a soldier under General Jackson in the battle of New Orleans. Five sons and four daughters were born of this union ; of his children, only three are still living — John L., former sheriff of this county, Samuel M., editor of the Daily /Standard, of Shreveport, La., and Preston E., also of this county. On the 17th of September, the mother of these having died two years before, Judge Morrison was married to his present wife, previously Mrs. Martha C, widow of the late James H.John- son, of Platte county, and a daughter of John Henderson, originally of Virginia. Judge Morrison, although eighty-one years of age, is still in vigorous health physically and mentally, and personally super- vises his large farming and other interests, and can, if occasion requires it, stand as much exertion and fatigue as men ordinarily at forty years of age. E. POIFJER, blacksmith, manufacturer of wagons, etc., and dealer in agricultural implements. Mr. Poirier is a Canadian by birth, but has lived on this side of the St. Johns nearly thirty-five years, and since he was thirteen years old, except a period of five years afterwards spent in his native land. His grandparents were originally from France, but his parents, Peter and Shersite, were Canadians. The subject of this sketch was born, November 11, 1832, and at the age of thirteen, came to St. Louis, Mo., where he learned the blacksmith's trade and where he continued to live until 1860, when he returned to Canada. In 1865, however, he came back to St. Louis, and during the spring of the following year came up to Glasgow, where he has since lived. Here he has followed his trade with success and has also engaged in ' the manufacture of wagons, plows, etc., and is now dealing in agri- cultural implements, in which he has a good trade. He is an indus- trious, energetic man, a good citizen, and is well respected in the community. He is a member of the Masonic order. In April, 1870, he was married to Miss Cleomatra Minor, of Chariton, county, Mo. Th e y have one child — Eleanor E. L. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 463 WILLIAM H. PRITCHETT, A. M., Professor of languages, Pritchett School Institute. Professor Pritchett, although a yeung man but twenty-four years of age, has already taken rank among the prominent educators of the state. He adopted the profession of teaching with a full appreciation of its dig- nity and importance, believing that it is the great calling upon which all other interests depend, and that people advance in social develop- ment and material prosperity in proportion to their advancement in general education and in the higher departments of learning. For a time he thought of devoting himself to the law, and even began the study of that science, but upon mature consideration, and after weigh- ing deliberately in his own mind the relative merits of the two walks in life, satisfied himself that advanced education performs a service to society far more important, a service in itself, more elevating and ennobling than the licentiate in the legal profession, or in- deed, in any other secular calling. Thus impressed with the dignity and importance of his profession, he determined to make himself worthy of it — ultimately to ornament it if it be possible to add lustre to a calling so noble and exalted. In youth, he prepared himself to begin it by a thorough course in college. William H. Pritchett was born in Leavenworth, Kan., on the 19th day of December, 1858, and is a son of Rev. Pritchett, then a missionary Methodist minister in that state, but now president of Pritchett School Institute, of Glas- gow, Mo. At the beginning of the war, the father returned with his family to the old homestead farm in Warren county, but a part of the time afterwards lived in St. Charles county. On the restoration of peace he moved to his farm in Jackson county, where. he remained until 1876. Hence, the early youth of the son, except while absent attending school, was spent on the farm. But in 1876, his father moved to Fayette, Mo., and there Wm. H. subsequently entered Central college, and in 1881, received the highest degree conferred by that institution. In Fayette, he became professor of languages in the Howard Female college, a position he held about two and a half years, his father ,being, during that time and altogether, about five years the president of the college, In 1881, his father was elected president of Pritchett School Institute, and Prof. Wm. H. was elected to the professorship of lauguages in this institution, one of the en- dowed chairs of the institute, the position, he now holds. In this chair he has now served two years, and during this time has been offered enviable positions in other colleges, which he has uniformly declined, preferring to remain with, and to continue to build up, the institution with which his and his father's names and reputations are so intimately and honorably associated. REV. J. H. PRITCHETT, President, Pritchett School Institute, was born in Henry county, Virginia, on the 8th of February, 1835. In the fall of the same 464 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. year his father immigrated to Missouri, stopping first in St. Charles county, but settling permanently one year afterwards on the eastern border of Warren county. There the father, who was a farmer by occupation, lived until his death, and the sou remained with the family on the farm up to the age of seventeen, receiving such instruction ,ih the meantime as could be provided in private schools, which were principally supported by the father and kept in a building erected by him on his own farm. At the age of seventeen the son entered the Howard high school, in Fayette, Missouri, and having completed its curriculum in 1854, he spent the following year in charge of the preparatory department of the same institution. In lfiaoi, he became a licentiate in the M. E. church south, and in the latter part of that year joined the Missouri conference of itinerant Methodist preachers, going thereupon to Kansas territory as a missionary, where he re- mained until the fall of 1860. Returning then to Missouri, he remained with his family on the old homestead in Warren county, during the civil war serving the various pastoral charges that were convenient. In the spring of 1865, he went without his family to Montana terri- tory, remaining there until January, 1866, engaged for the most part in preaching and teaching. Concluding it best not to have his family join him in that section of the country, and affairs in Missouri, in the meantime becoming more settled, he then returned to this state, and the last seventeen years he has spent partly in the ministry and partly 1 in school work : six years in the regular pastorate, four in the presiding eldership, and seven in the school room. In this last capacity he was five years president of Howard college, and the past two years he' has been president of Pritchett School Institute, the position he 'now holds. The .active, energetic, and useful life marked out in this sketch renders it unnecessary to say anything with regard to the value of such a man to society in general, and particularly to the com- munity in which he lives. Stinking, well-rounded sentences could add nothing to the eloquence of the plain facts. REV. CARR WALTER PRITCHETT, Director of the Morrison Observatory, was born in Henry county, Virginia, September 4, 1823. Until the completion of his twelfth year his parents resided in the counties of Henry and Pittsylvania. In 1835, they removed to Missouri, and settled in Warren county. The oldest of ten children, his boyhood and youth were spent in the arduous labor of opening and cultivating a farm. No time or means could be afforded for attending school. In his twenty-first year he attended St. Charles college, under President John H. Field- ing, for eight months. In 1844, he began to teach, and in 1846, became a licentiate in the ministry of the Methodist church. In 1846-47, he labored on the old Fulton circuit with William P. Nichols. In 1847-48, he resumed teaching in a private academy, known as Pleasant Hill, in Warren county. In 1849, he became principal of the Danville academy, in Montgomery county, and in the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 465 fall of that year was married to Miss Bettie' Susan Smith, of Pike county, Missouri. In 1851, he became principal of the female de- partment of Howard high school, Fayette, Mo., in association with William T. Lucky and William T. Davis. In 1857-58, he was asso- ciated with Eev. Nathan Scarritt, now of Kansas City, in the organi- zation of Central college, and part of the year officiated as president. In 1859, he resided at Cambridge, Massachusetts, and was engaged in astronomical and mathematical pursuits. In 1859-60, he resumed his professorship of mathematics and astronomy in Central college, and again officiated as president, part of the year. During the war he conducted a collegiate school, in the Central college building, at Fayette, in association with Dr. William H. Anderson. In 1864-65, he labored in the statistical department of the United States sanitary commission at Washington, with Dr. B. A. Gould. In 1865-66, he revived the old Howard high school, Fayette. After one year of great prosperity, he became principal of Pritchett School Institute, Glasgow, in 1866. After seven years, he resigned, and became director of the Morrison Observatory, in 1874-75. RALL BROTHERS, carpenters and builders, and dealers in lumber and building material. This firm is composed of three brothers — Lewis, Gustave and Ed- ward — all originally from Wurtemburg, Germany. They were reared in their native country, where they received good, ordinary educa- tions, and also learned the carpenter's and the cabinet maker's trades, of the last named of which their father was a master. Lewis served a two years' term in the regular army, and in 1866 came to America, landing at New York, but pushed on to Detroit, Michigan, where he remained for a short time and then went to New Orleans, Louisiana. In the spring of 1867, he came back north and located in Evansville, Indiana, where he remained about a year. In 1868, he came further west, to Missouri, settling finally in Glasgow, in 1869, where he has since lived. Here he followed his i*egular trade exclusively until 1870, when he began in his present business. He was married August 16, 1870, to Miss Julia Hessrich, a native of Boonville, and they have five children — Robert, Ermen, Fannie, Nora and Sophia. Gustave came to America in 1867, and met his brother at Evansville, Indiana. Thence they came to Missouri, and on to Glasgow together. In 1874, Gustave went to St. Louis, where he remained about five years working at the carpenter's trade. During his residence there he took lessons in mechanical and architectural drawing, making a specialty of the latter, in which he became thorough, and he is now conceded to be one of the finest experts, if not the finest, in this line in central Missouri. Gustave was married July 23, 1878, to Miss Emma Traubel, of St. Louis. They have two children — Rebecca and Cora. He has been a member of the school board of Glasgow for three years. Edward came to America after his brothers' emigra- tion, and worked in Glasgow for a time, and then went to St. Louis, 466 HIST@RY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. where he remained until 1877. That year he returned to Germany, but came back to Glasgow in 1880, where he has since lived. He was married in Germany, to Miss H. Passauer, and two children have been born to them, both of whom are living — Helen and William. The Eall brothers are all thorough mechanics, untiringly industrious, and intelligent and honorable, and they justly command a large share of the building contracts in this part of the country, and have a profitable and increasing trade in lumber and building material. G. W. RHEA, farmer and stock raiser. Mr. Rhea is an Ohio farmer, who settled in this county after the war, and his farm bears out the reputation the farmers of the Buckeye State have, that of being among the best tillers of the soil in the whole country. He has what may not im- properly be called a fine farm, for it is all splendid land and is well and handsomely improved. Although not a large place, containing only 131 acres, it is regarded as one of the best farms in the county. He gives special attention to raising stock, paying closer regard, how- ever, lo the quality than the quantity of the stock handled. Although Mr. Rhea is an Ohioan, he comes of Kentucky and South Carolina parentage, his father, James Rhea, having been a native of the former state, and his mother, whose name was originally Miss Mary Gray, having been born in South Carolina. However, in an early day and when a young man, his father came from Kentucky to Preble county, Ohio, where he met and married Miss Gray. Twelve child- ren were the result of this marriage, among whom was G. W., the subject of this sketch. G. W. Rhea was born in Preble county, Ohio, September 17, 1834, and was reared and educated in his native county., On reaching the age that it became necessary for him to begin the active duties of life on his own account, he adopted farming as his occupation, which he has since followed. He remained in Preble county until 1863, and from that time until 1865, travelled extensively in Canada and the United States, but during the last named year settled in Butler county, Ohio, where he engaged in farming and continued until 1870, when he came to Missouri and made his home in Howard county. While residing in Butler county, Ohio, he was married January 11, 1868, to Mrs. Mary Kimmage, originally of Brooklyn, New York, and formerly a Miss Malona. By her first marriage she has two children living — William J. and Mary E. Mr. and Mrs. Rhea have by their union two children also — Elizabeth A. and James G. RICHARD M. ROBERTSON, farmer. Mr. Robertson's father, James Robertson, was a native of Ireland, but came to this country early in life, and for a time lived in Kentucky. From there he came to Howard county, and here, in March, 1828, married Miss Hannah Wilson, Richard M. being one of HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 467 a family of seven children now living of this union, viz., William H., John F., Jasper, Richard M., Mary and Eobert. The father was a farmer by occupation, which he followed from his first settlement in this county until his death, in 1851. His wife still survives him, and now makes her home with her son, Richard M., the subject of this sketch. Richard M. was born in this county February 11, 1842, and was reared here on his father's farm, which occupation he adopted and has continued in thus far through life. He obtained a good or- dinary education in the common schools, which has served him for all practical purposes in farm life. When nineteen years of age, in 1861, he enlisted in the Missouri state guards, raised under Governor Jackson's call for the defence of the state against threatened invasion, in which he served six months, and then enlisted in the regular Con- federate service and followed the ill-starred banner of the south through four years of hardships and dangers until it was furled to be unfurled no more. In, 1871, on the 13th of December, he was mar- ried to Miss Georgia Gibbs, daughter of Stephen Gibbs, formerly of Virginia, now deceased. They have two children, Bernice and Alice. Both parents are members of the Christian church. Mrs. Robertson's mother, formerly Miss Martha Milton, was originally from Kentucky, but Mrs. R. herself was born in this county ; and Mrs. James Rob- ertson, the mother of Richard M., was also a native of that state, haviug been born in Bath county, Kentucky, October 28, 1811. She came to Howard county with her parents when about nine years of age. Mr. R. has a neat farm of 140 acres. JOHN W. ROCK, farmer. Mr. Rock, who is one of the substantial farmers of Howard county, and who has served as justice of the peace of his township for the past seven years, has been a resident of this county for over twenty-five years. He was born in Barren county, Kentucky, Sep- tember 5, 1829. His father, Joshua Rock, was a native of Virginia, but came to Kentucky and was there married to Miss Mary Farhis, and lived in Barren county until 1841, when they immigrated to Mis- souri and settled in Linn county. Two years later they moved to Macon county and lived there ten years; then » in 1853, moved to Grundy county. John W. was twelve years old before his parents left Barren county, namely, 1841, and consequently spent most of his youth in this state, and particularly in Macon county, where he attended the common schools, receiving a good ordinary education. When a young man he worked for a time at the carpenter's trade, but was reared on a farm and has followed that occupation thus far through life. In 1857 he came to Howard county, where he has since resided, and now owns a farm of 181£ acres in a good state of im- provement. He served for a while in the enrolled militia, and after- wards in the Missouri state militia. On the 15th of May, 1857, he was married to Miss MaryM., daughter of Peter and Polly Page 468 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Ford, of this county, but originally of Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Rock have two children, Mary B. and Laura. Both parents are members of the Baptist church. JOHN A. J. ROOKER. About 1750 William Rooker, then a mere boy, left his father's hearthstone in England and took passage on a vessel for America. Landed here, he first made his home in Alabama, where he afterwards married and lived a number of years, but later on settled in Tennes- see, and during his residence in the two states reared a large family. His descendants settled in the various states and it is believed all of that name in this country may trace their origin back to him as their common ancestor. Three of his sons and one of their sisters settled in the vicinity of Indianapolis, Indiana, and that city was originally laid off on the land which then belonged to their sister's husband* John Rooker, another son and the father of the subject of this sketch, came to this county from Tennessee in 1816. He was born March 2, 1785, and married in Tennessee before leaving that state, his wife having before her marriage been a Miss Mary A. Gillespie. On their arrival here they spent their first winter in Fort Hempstead, but in the following spring settled on the place near Glasgow, where he died forty- four years afterwards, December 20, 1850* his wife having preceded him to the grave about two months. They reared a family of eight chil- dren. John Rooker was a man of the greatest enterprise, industry and resolution, and withal he was possessed of unmistakable business ability. As soon as he became settled in his new home he embarked in trading by flat-boats, between Old Chariton and New Orleans. He accompanied his own boats down the river on which he transported tobacco, corn, hides, etc., and selling his stocks and also the boats at New Orleans, he would then return by steamboat to St. Louis and thence often walk up the Missouri to Old Franklin. This he continued for over twenty years and succeeded in accumulating a comfortable estate for old age. His son, John A. J., the subject of this sketch, was born and reared in this county, his birthday having been the 5th of November, in the year 1820. Farming became his regular occu- pation, and he was "married on the 3d of December, 1842, to Miss Mary A., daughter of Samuel and Jane Maddox. In 1843 he moved to Linn county, Missouri, but his wife dying there about two years afterwards, he returned to Howard county in 1845. Here, November 2, 1847, he was married to Miss Nancy T., daughter of William and Margaret Jackson, and then moved again to Linn county. He. remained in that county for nearly twenty years and until after the late war, when he emigrated to Iowa, but returned to Missouri one year later and settled in Howard county, where he has since lived. He has an excellent farm of 264 acres, and besides giving his attention to this, he was for a number of years extensively engaged in buying and shipping tobacco to distant markets, including Liverpool and London, to which HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 469 h« made direct shipments. By his first wife he has a daughter, Clasinda ; and by his second, nine children are now living : Lizzie, Alice, Erasmus, Thomas J., Octavia, James, Nannie, Willie and Lucy. GRANVILLE C. SARTAIN, farmer. For many years Mr. Sartain was engaged in handling and training fast horses. In 184y he went to Texas, where he remained three years. He was long accounted one of the best trainers and judges of running stock in central Missouri. In this business he was engaged in connection with farming, and the last mentioned occupation he still follows. He has a farm of 282 acres improved. He was born in Montgomery county, Tennessee, December 10, 1829, and was one of a family of ten children, born to Wright and Nancy Duncan Sar- tain, the father originally from Kentucky, but the mother a native of Virginia. When Granville C. was about five years of age his parents came to Missouri and settled in Howard county, where he was brought up. When twenty-nine years of age he was married in July, 1856, to Miss Mary B. Golden, of this county, but six years afterwards she died leaving him four children : William, Matthew, Sarah and Mary B. In 1864 he joined General Price's command in this state, and served for a short time in the Confederate army. In October of the same year, he married again, Miss Rebecca Peacher then becoming his wife. They have six children, Joseph, James, Clarence, Harvey, Addie D. and Maudie. DR. F. M. SCROGIN, physician and surgeon. In youth, the future for young Scrogin seemed no brighter than for most of the other boys in his neighbor- hood who had their way to make in the world. unaided by means of influential friends. Yet, through a vista that many did not look, he saw a brighter light than they — a future when he would be blessed by an ample competence of this world's goods, would be a prominent and useful citizen of his community, a physician respected and wel- comed for his skill in his profession, and surrounded by a devoted and worthy family ; but it was a vista that could be seen through only by determined purpose, and it revealed a future that could be realized only by constant effort, untiring, increasing industry. And thus he has kept his eye steadily on the light, has struggled on bravely through all difficulties and" overcoming all obstacles, until, at last, he has reached the goal of his ambition, has become a physician esteemed for his ability, a citizen comfortably situated and highly respect- ed in his community. Dr. Scrogin was born in Woodford county, Kentucky, August 8, 1819, and in youth had the advantages afforded by the ordinary schools of his neighborhood, by which he received a good, substantial education. Being brought up on a farm and under the influence of life in the country, he acquired those habits of industry and grew into that regularity and manner of life that are 470 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. the secret of so many successful careers. At the age of eighteen he commenced the study of medicine under Drs. Price and Perkins, of Lexington, Kentucky, in which he continued several years, and in due time entered the medical department of the Transylvania university, of that city, and afterwards graduated at the close of the session for 1843-44. He then entered regularly upon the practice of his profes- sion in Lexington, in which he continued until 1844, when he came to Missouri, and located at Switzer's Mills, in Chariton county. There he remained and prosecuted his practice with marked success for seventeen years and until 1861, when he came to his present location in this county, where for the last twenty-two years he has never failed to answer the call of the suffering. Nor has his labor of life gone unrewarded. He has an ample, comfortable estate of 700 acres of fine land, and his homestead is one of the best improved farms in Howard county. He was married on the 20th of July, 1854, to Miss Martha Switzer, formerly of Virginia, daughter of Daniel Switzer, founder of the Switzer mills. Dr. and Mrs. Scrogin have four chil- dren — Ollie, Arthur, Dixie and Daisy. The doctor is also a member of the I. O. O. F. His parents, Eobert C, and Sidnie Terrill Scrogin, were both natives of Virginia, but came to Kentucky early in life. HON. THOMAS SHACKELFORD. To those who are to come after us, and who shall know anything of the history of this section of the state, the name of the subject of this sketch will not be unfamiliar. For many years he has been prominent in public life, at the bar, in business affairs and as an agri- culturist. His father was a Virginian by birth, and by occupation a stone mason, but subsequently he became a large farmer in Saline county, Missouri ; and he had those sterling qualities about him and that broad-minded, plain, vigorous intelligence, which, even without the advantages of a good education, bring success where industry, enterprise and strong common sense can win it ; and which, when combined with mental culture, place the individual in the front of the thought and more advanced life of the community in which he lives. The native force of the father was transmitted in a marked degree to the son, and besides this, he has had the advantages of an excellent education obtained by private instruction. He was born in Saline county, Missouri, February 6th, 1822. His father, Judge Shackelford, whose name also was Thomas, first settled in Kentucky after leaving Virginia, where he followed his trade, but afterwards, in 1821, came on to Missouri, and settled in Saline county. In the meantime, however, he had married Miss Eliza C. Pulliam, a young lady originally from North Carolina. Here they >Creared their family which consisted of eight children. Transferred from the rock quarries of his former home to the fertile prairies of Saline county, Judge Shackelford's success was speedy and ample, and he soon took rank as one of the leading citizens of a wealthy county. He was appointed to the *>ench of the county court, and HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 471 otherwise figured prominently in public and business affairs. The re- mainder of his life, and that of his excellent wife, was spent in the home of their adoption, and the remains of both now rest in the neighborhood cemetery near where they lived and died. Thomas Shackelford, the son, on reaching early manhood, or rather during the later years of his youth, read law under Judge Leonard, of Fay- ette, and made such progress in the study that he was admitted to the bar with marked distinction before he was twenty-one years of age. He soon went to the front in his profession and since then has been connected with most of the leading cases of this county, having prac- tised in Glasgow for the last forty years. In a property point of view his success has been not less nattering. He has been a large stockholder in the Glasgow Savings bank since its first establishment, and has been the president of that institution during the whole time. He also owns a magnificent farm of 685 acres, one of the handsomest and best improved farms in the county, and does a large business in blooded stock and high-graded cattle. He is a man of great enter- prise in whatever he engages, and he is as public-spirited and solici- tous for the general welfare as he is enterprising. He has been among the foremost in building up Glasgow, and has contributed a leading share toward the development and prosperity of the surround- ing country. In 1861 he was chosen to represent the people of this district in the constitutional convention which had to consider the action Missouri should take in the pending crisis, and was a steadfast friend to the. Union. In 1875 he was again chosen as a constitutional delegate and sat in the convention that formed the present constitu- tion. The facts that none but the ablest and best men are chosen to form constitutions, and that he has been selected by this district as their representative in the only two representative constitutional con- ventions that have been held in his life-time, are eloquent testimonials to his integrity, ability and popularity. He was married June 17th, 1851, to Miss Sarah E., daughter of John Harrison, one of the early settlers and highly respected citizens of this county. They have a family of three children. Ida E., wife of Kev. C. C. Hemenway, of Auburn, New York, and Maud and George C. Mr. and Mrs. Shackel- ford are both members of the M. E. church south, and he is a member of the I, O. O. F. and of the I. O. G. T., and takes an active interest in both orders. SYDNEY SHACKELFORD, farmer. Mr. Shackelford, one of the most successful and enterpris- ing farmers and business men of Howard county, began his industrial life in the mercantile business at the early age of seventeen, which he pursued with success for over ten years, and then engaged in farming and stock raising, which still occupies his attention, in connection, however, with the tobacco business. He was born in Saline county, Missouri, March 6, 1831, and was reared and educated in that county. In 1847 he came to Glasgow and engaged in merchandising, being a member of the firm of Baston, Hutchinson & Co., and in this he con- 472 HISTORY OF HOWAED AND COOPER COUNTIES. tinned until 1856, when he went to St. Louis and began the wholesale grocery business. In that city he was the leading member of the firm of Shackelford, Finney & Co., in which he remained until 1858, when he sold out and commenced farming in this county on a large scale, and raising stock. His place embraces 700 acres of excellent land, and is one of the best grain and stock farms in the county. The improvements are of a very superior class, and he has some as fine stock as there is in the county. As a farmer and stock raiser he is progressive and full of enterprise, and believes that agricultural inter- ests should be conducted on the same principles that govern other business. On the 2d of March, 1858, he was married to Miss Lucy Bouldin, daughter of I. E. Bouldin, of Austin, Texas, but in March, 1873, she was taken away by death. By this union he has one son living, Everett. He was married again, June 2, 1877, to Miss Flora Bouldin. By this marriage he has two children living, Sydney and Mizell. Mrs. Shackleford was born in this county March 28, 1853, and was a daughter of James L. Bouldin. •■»" WILLIAM H. SIGLER, merchant, lumber manufacturer and dealer. That there are ample and almost unsurpassed opportunities here for men to thrive by en- terprise and good management is forcibly illustrated by the career of Wm . H. Sigler. He came to Glasgow six years ago with barely enough means to Jbegin business on a small scale, and now he is one of the foremost business men in the county ; is, perhaps, the largest lumber manufacturer in this whole region of country. He has two large mills in Glasgow alone, besides important milling interests elsewhere, and in west Glasgow, of which he is the postmaster, he also has a general store and deals extensively in grain. In one of his mills in Glasgow he has just added a complete plant of machinery for the manufacture of laths and staves, which he has begun on a large scale. He employs a large corps of hands in his various establishments. Such a man is of value to any community in which he lives, and a sketch of his career will well repay reading. He was born in Putnam county, Indiana, June 11, 1850. His parents, James and Elizabeth Sigler, were originally from Pennsylvania. When William H. was about five years old they moved from Indiana to Wayne county, Iowa, where the father carried on farming and the milling business, and to the latter occupation William H. was brought up, which he followed until the breaking out of the war. When hostilities began he, of course, took the side of his own section, and being as courage- ous as he was sincere in his attachment to the union, he enlisted in company B, 6th Kansas infantry, which was afterwards changed to cavalry. He served three years, and at the expiration of his term returned home and resumed the milling business. In 1871 he went to Omaha, Nebraska, where he remained most of the time until in 1877, when he came to Glasgow. In January, 1874, he was married to Miss Emma J. Kingdon, a native of Illinois. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 473 WILLIAM H. AND KIRK P. SILVEY, farmers. William H. Silvey, the father of Kirk P., is a life-long res- ident of Howard 'county, and is one of the oldest, in point of contin- uous residence, in the county, having been born here February 26, 1819. He was the youngest of a family of six children born to Alex- ander and Sallie Silvey, only two of whom are now living. His father was a native of Virginia, and his mother, whose family name was originally Holmes, was from North Carolina, but they were mar- ried in Kentucky, whence, in 1818, they came to this state and set- tled in Howard county. His father died here in 1860, and his mother in 1863. William H. obtained a good ordinary education in his youth, and having been reared on a farm, he adopted that as his oc- cupation. He has a farm of good land numbering 200 acres, com- fortably improved. He is an intelligent, upright, well-to-do farmer, and is respected by all who know him. January 11, 1843, he was mar- ried to Miss Martha E. Yager, originally from Madison county, Vir- ginia. Both are members of the Baptist church. Mr. and Mrs. Silvey have two children living, Amanda, widow of the late Dr. Pile, and Kirk P. Kirk P. Silvey was also born in Howard county, his natal day being the 6th of December, 1848. In youth he had the ad- vantages afforded by the common schools, and in these received a good practical education. His father brought him up to habits of in- dustry and in the way to upright and honorable manhood, and his early training has not been thrown away. Like his father, he is a well-respected farmer and citizen. On the 16th of February, 1871, he was married to Pauline Broaddus, of this county. They have four children, Leroy F., William F., Bunyan and an infant. He has a farm of 171 acres. JOEL E. SILVEY, farmer. Mr. Silvey's father, Joseph H., who died January 23, 1883, was a son of Alexander and Sarah Silvey, and was brought with his father's family to this county when a small boy. Here he grew up and married and reared a large family, his wife having been formerly Miss Eliza J. Witt, a native of this state, who died February 4, 1881. Of their family of ten children, eight are now living, viz-' Sarah F., wife of J. N. Eobinson ; Ledru, grocer, in Salisbury, Missouri ; Alex. F., farmer, of this county; Joel E., subject of this sketch; Belle, wife of C. J. Simpson ; James S., student in the law depai-tment of the state university ; Ernest B. and Strange S. A son (Lecroy) died during the war in the military prison at Alton, Illinois, and Jennie died unmarried. The father, at his death, left a neat farm of 176| acres, on which Joel E. and his younger brothers now reside. Joel E. was born October 12, 1855, where he now lives. He has followed farming from boyhood, and is an intelligent and industrious and well- respected farmer and citizen. In youth he received a good ordinary . 474 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. education, and after he grew up was married, July 11, 1878, to Miss Ella Estill, daughter of one of the old settlers of the county. Mr. and Mrs. S. are "both members of the Christian church. DANIEL W. SKAGGS, farmer. Mr. Skaggs came to Howard county from Johnson county, in this state, in 1863, and now owns a good farm of 191 acres in a fair condition of improvement. He was the seventh of a family of eleven children born to Joseph and Effie Donham Skaggs, the father a native of East Tennessee, and the mother of Pennsylvania. They were mar- ried in Kentucky, however, where both had gone early in life, and in Warren county of that state the subject of this sketch was born June 6, 1813. When Daniel was a boy seven years of age his parents moved to Henry county, Tennessee, where they lived about ten years and then immigrated to Missouri, settling first in Lafayette county, and two years afterwards in Johnson county. He was educated iu the common schools of Tennessee and of this state, and was brought up to the occupation of a farmer, which he has since followed. In May, 1839, he%was married to Miss Frances A. Wright, of Kentucky, but she died in 1862, leaving him four children — Mary, William, George and Laura A., of whom George is the only one living. He was again married in March, 1864, Miss Elizabeth Thorp, of this county, becoming his second wife. Of the last marriage four chil- dren are living — Effie, Willie A., Joseph F. and James E. Both are members of the Baptist church. THOMAS BERRY SMITH, professor of natural sciences in Pritchett School Institute, was born in Pike county, Missouri, December 7, 1850. His father was a Virginian and his mother a Missourian. His boyhood was spent on a farm, en- gaged in agricultural pursuits and stock raising. He attended school a few months during the winter of each year. In his seventeenth year he was sent from home to a high school in Clarksville, Missouri. In 1869 he was allowed to begin a four years' course in Pritchett In- stitute, Glasgow, Missouri, from which he graduated in February, 1873, receiving the degree of B. A. After teaching a few months in the country he was elected to the chair of natural sciences in Pritchett School Institute in September, 1873. In September, 1875, by direc- tion of the institute, he went to Yale college and entered the Sheffield scientific school to prepare himself for the department of chemistry, physics and mineralogy in Pritchett School Institute. He remained until June, 1876, and visited the Centennial exposition on his way home. In September he entered again upon his school duties as pro- fessor of chemistry and physics in Pritchett School Institute. He has since that time been connected with the North Missouri Normal school at Kirksville, Missouri, Carleton college at Northfield, Minnesota, and McCune college at Louisiana, Missouri. He is now professor of nat- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 475 ural sciences in Pritchett Institute, having been elected to that chair after the resignation of Professor S. H. Trowbridge in 1882. He received the degree of master of arts trom his alma mater in 1879. He is a member of the M. E. church — joined at Glasgow in January, 1870 — and is a Sunday-school worker. He has been an active worker in the I. O. G. T., and is a member of the A. O. U. W. In 1881 he joined the American association for the advancement of science. He was married December 27, 1877, at Eichmond, Missouri, to Miss Emma Marvin Newland, second daughter of the late Kev. W. M. Newland. He has written a good deal ; has been a contributor in prose and verse to the Kansas City Revieiv, St. Louis Christian Ad- vocate, Ware's Valley Monthly, Visitor and Teacher (Kirksville) and other periodicals. In 1880 he published a chart entitled "Circle of the Material Sciences," which has been highly commended by educa- tors. He has travelled considerably over the United States, including three trips to Texas, three to Virginia, where he spent several weeks in the mountains, two by ocean steamer from Norfolk to New York, and two to St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota. After ten years in the school room as teacher and professor, working in his chosen field — Nature — he is satisfied with his vocation, and expects to spend his life in doing all he can to make better the human race, leading the young amid the mysteries of nature, and among them searching for the wondrous Designer of all. A. W. STANLEY, farmer, stock raiser and fruit grower. In farming it is the same as in any other business ; some men lead in it, a great many move along in a mechanical sort of way, like marking time, and still others unfortun- ately fall victims to industrial asthenia and are counted out entirely. Mr. Stanley is in everj r sense one of the first class. His place is a revelation of neatness, taste and good management, and he is a pro- gressive farmer. He is now going largely into apple culture, simply because it is a plain matter of figures that it pays better than corn and wheat growing. His place numbers 382 acres, and he has I8V2 acres in orchards, to which he is adding every year. In early man- hood he was a schoolteacher, and this fact throws a deal of light on his subsequent intelligent, successful career. He has been, and is now, a leading man in his locality ; was a director in the Howard county bank at Glasgow; has been a justice of the peace, and is now a notary public. He was born in this county September 6, 1830, and was here reared and educated. He commenced his career by teaching school, and after awhile became so situated that he could go to farm- ing, and has gone on persevering in industry and intelligent manage- ment, until now he is one of the substantial men of Howard county. He was married November 28, 1854, to Miss Cynthia A. Crawley of this county, and they have eleven children : Newton, Laura, Mary A., Boyd, Cornelia, Ida, James, Wilmoth, William P., Emma, Leonard E. Mrs. Stanley ,was born January 20, 1834. Mr. Stanley's father, 476 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Thomas Stanley, was a native of Virginia. From there he went to Kentucky and thence to Tennessee, where he married Miss Alcie Wells, and then came to Howard county in 1817, where they made their permanent home. Here Aaron W.'s mother died when he was still a child, but his father lived until 1855, — nearly forty years after his arrival in this county. Mr. and Mrs. Stanley are consistent mem- bers of the M. E. church south, and his father and mother were also earnest Christian people, and both families have been and are highly esteemed by all acquainted with them. JOSEPH STETTMUND, of Joseph Stettmund & Co., pork packers, butchers, etc. Mr. Stett- mund is another of that large class of Germans who have come to this country, and by intelligent industry and good management have ac- cumulated handsome fortunes. He is now one of the solid business men of Howard county, is a large stockholder and director of the Howard county bank, and is respected by all as an enterprising public- spirited citizen. He was born at Hohenzollern, Germany, April 6, 1826, and was married in his native country, where he learned the butcher's trade and lived until 1848. He then came to America, landing at New Orleans, whence he came to Cincinnati, where he re- mained a year, and then located in St. Louis. In 1852 he came up the river to Glasgow, and that year began his career in this place in the butcher business. He went to work with the energy that never fails to bring success when directed by good sound sense and accom- panied by frugal habits, and the result has been as we have noted above. While some were idling and taking their pleasure in early manhood, he was at work and economizing. Now he is able to have all the comforts he desires, while they in their old age are forced to work, and are often without the necessaries of life. There is a lesson in this well worth study. He was married February 26, 1855, to Miss Wilhelmine Eushhause, of Germany. They have seven children ; Julia A., Joseph R., Emma C, Edward H., Louis J., Ernest and Varney. JAMES O. SWEARINGEN, farmer and stock raiser. Mr. Swearingen is another of the many honest and worthy citizens of Howard county, who are the sons of the early settlers, and were born and raised in the county, and, true to the noblest instinct of man — love of country — have always made this their home. Mr. S. was one of a family of seven children born to Joseph and Nancy Short Swearingen, who came to this county from Kentucky among the early pioneers. James O. was born in this county on the 6th of September, 1840, and was reared on a farm, which occupation he has followed from youth. He acquired a good ordinary education in the common schools of the times, and on reach- ing manhood engaged in farming on his own account. When General HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 477 Price, "full high advanced" the blood and tear-bathed standard of the south upon the plains and heights of old Missouri in 1864, he be- came a plighted soldier to the southern banner, and followed it to its Calvary, and until the door of its sepulchre was sealed forever. On the 14th of March, 1861, Mr. S. was' married to Miss Nancy E. Way- land, of this county. They have a family of eight children: Elime- lech, Obed C, Joseph W., Mary B., Mattie J., James K., Dollie A. and Addie S. Mr. S. is a member of the A. O. U. W. JOHN TATUM, farmer. Mr. Tatum's grandfather, Isham Tatum, whose father was from England, came from North Carolina to Virginia where he settled and reared a family, Isham Jr., the father of the subject of this sketch being one of his sons. Isham Jr., on reaching manhood was married in his native state to Miss Mary Hume, and of this union fourteen children were boru, John, our subject, being the eldest. He was born in Madison county, Virginia, February 12, 1819. When about seventeen years of age, he in company with four other } 7 oung men — his father, A. C, David Garnett and Frederick and William Kemper, the last two brothers of Governor Kemper, of Virginia, and Frederick, afterwards of the well-known Kemper school, of Boon- ville, came to Missouri in 1836, making the trip as far as Burl- ington, Kentucky, in a wagon, thence coming by stage to the Ohio river and thence by boat to St. Louis. At the last named point the company separated, the Kempers and Garnett going to Marion college, and John and A. C. Tatum coming to their uncle's, in St. Charles county. John remained in St. Charles until 1838, when he came up the river to Glasgow, but a year later returned to St. Charles county. In 1841 he came again to Howard county and entered the Fayette college, in which he continued as a student about a year. He then began teaching, which he followed until 1846. On the 12th of Febru- ary of that year he was married to Miss Nancy Wilhoit, of this county, and then engaged in farming which he has since followed. He now has a good farm of 278 acres in an excellent state of improvement. Mr. Tatum has led an industrious and useful life, and he is respected by all who know him as an intelligent, upright citizen. He has held the office of justice of the peace for fourteen years. His first wife, who was born in 1821, lived to bless his home twenty-two years after their marriage, but in 1868 was taken from him by death. Three children of this union are now living — William H., John R. and Joseph. Mr. T. was again married, June 2, 1874, to Miss Helen A. Hume, who was born in Madison county, Virginia, in 1841. By his last marriage four children are now living — Edward T., Henry E., Mertis and Lee. On the mother's side Mr. Tatum is of Scotch de- scent, Lloyd Hume, the great grandfather of his mother, having come over to this country from Scotland in the pioneer days of the col- onies. His grandmother was formerly a Miss Ann Clark, of Virginia. 32 4:78 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. HENRY TILLMAN, a leading grocer and dealer in queenswarte, etc., in Glasgow, is a na- tive of Germany, and was born in that country December 19, 1830. He there learned the baker's trade, which he followed principally until 1853, when he immigrated to America, landing in New Orleans, but pushing on shortly to St. Louis. He remained in the last-named city until 1856, when he came ou up the river to Glasgow and located permanently in this place, where he has since lived. Here he was employed in different kinds of labor until 1857, when he engaged in the saloon business, in which he continued for sixteen years. In 1873 he began his present business, and now he has one of the largest grocery houses in Howard county, and is doing an excellent and rap- idly increasing business. In 1855 he was married in St. Louis to Miss Anna M. Kneuven, a young lady of German birth. They have six children — Lizzie, Mary, Ella and Nellia, twins, Litta and Vincent. JOHN H. TURNER, Jr., farmer and stock raiser. Mr. Turner, who is a life-long resident of Howard county, and has a splendid grain and stock farm of 800 acres, besides giving his attention to the ordinary farm interests, is now making a specialty of raising and handling short-horn, high-grade cattle, of which he has some of the finest quality in the county. He has been engaged in this line for the past five years, but is constantly adding to his stock by purchase of the best breeds that can be had, and the present year bought several, including both sexes, of the cel- ebrated Pole-Angus breed, imported direct from Scotland. Besides his large farm in this county, which is exceptionably well improved, he owns real estate also in Chariton and Macon counties, and is in every sense of the word a thorough-going, enterprising, educated farmer and stockman. He was born in Howard county, Missouri, June 9, 1837, and was reared in this county, where he has since lived. In youth he attended the ordinary schools of the county, and after his common school course had the benefit of two years' tuition in the State university at Columbia. Returning home after his university course, he engaged in farming, and his career as a farmer has been marked by the most gratifying success. On the 11th of May, 1860, he was married to Miss Bettie Jackson, a refined and accomplished young lady of this county, daughter of Thomas Jackson and niece of Governor Claiborne F. Jackson. Mr. and Mrs. Turner have an inter- esting family of five children — Thomas J., Henry A., Lee, Lueile and Richard E. Mr. T. is a brother to William Turner, another leading farmer and stock raiser, and both are sons of Talton Turner, one of the old and highly respected citizens of the county. ISAAC P. VAUGHAN, M. D. Dr. Vaughan was born in Goochland county, Virginia, thirty miles above Richmond, on the James river, on the 27th day of Feb- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 479 ruary, 1816. His father was Dr. Nicholas Meriweather Vaughan, of the same county, and was a first cousin to Captain Meriweather Lewis, commander of the expedition of Lewis and Clark, sent by President Jefferson, in 1804, to explore the territory newly acquired from France, from the western boundary of Missouri to the mouth of the Columbia river. Dr. I. P. Vaughan's mother was a daughter of Isaac Pleas- ants, Esq., of the doctor's native county. Mr. Pleasants, although belonging to the denomination of Quakers, became a gallant soldier of the Continental army on the breaking out of the revolutionary war. He was a man of strong character, great resolution and of undoubted patriotism. When it became known that he had enlisted for the war, he was cited before his church, the laws of which prohibit its mem- bers from becoming soldiers on any account, for breach of its ordi- nances ; but he sent his brethren word that they might go to — wher- ever the spirit moved them — but for him, he would go to the front and fight for his country. This message, of course, placed him out- side of the Quaker denomination, but it was enthusiastically approved by the public, and made him something of a hero among the Virginia volunteers. He bravely followed the flag of the infant republic through the entire war, and was with Washington at the siege of Boston and at the battles of Camden and Princeton. He also crossed the Dela- ware with his old commander on that eventful, stormy night ; partici- pated in the campaign through the Jerseys ; was in the battles of Germantown and Brandywine ; passed through the trials and hard- ships of the winter at Valley Forge ; and wound up his career at the glorious triumph of Yorktown. Dr. Isaac P. Vaughan graduated in the medical , department of the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, in March, 1837. In 1839 he located in Glasgow, Missouri, where he remained engaged in the practice of his profession until 1864, when he went to St. Louis. But in 1866, his health hav- ing broken down, he went to Europe, and was absent from this coun- try about six months. He returned to Glasgow in 1868, where he has since lived and has practised continuously since in the various branches of his profession. It is the least that the plain, modest truth allows, to say that Dr. Vaughan is a scientific, successful physician, a useful citizen and a good man. But this is said advisedly and with a proper appreciation of the full significance of the words used. Before the war he had accumulated a handsome compe- tence, but the war swept most of it away. Since then he has ma- terially mended his fortune. JOHN WACHTEE, gunsmith, and dealer in fire-arms, glassware, queensware, etc. Over thirty-two years ago, Mr. Wachter came from Switzerland to Glas- gow, and went to work at his trade, that of gunsmithing, which he had learned in the old conntry, and which he has ever since followed. For many years, however, he has had an establishment of his own, and about three years ago he also engaged in the glassware and 480 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. queensware mercantile business. He was born in Switzerland, Janu- ary 7, 1833. He had good school advantages in his youth, and ac- quired more than an average common school education. As is wisely the custom in that country, that every boy shall learn some occupa- tion, either trade, profession, or other certain means of support, Mr. W. was apprenticed to the gunsmith's trade, which he learned thor- oughly, as is there required. His father, Justice, having come over to this country and located in Glasgow, in 1849, two years later he came over, since which he has lived almost continuously where he is now engaged in business. On the 8th of January, 1854, he was married to Miss Margaret Taylor, a native of Indiana, whose parents were also of that state, but were of German descent. They have four children — Martha, Alice, John and Fletcher. Mr. and Mrs. Wachter are both members of the church, he of the Methodist de- nomination, and she of the Presbyterian. S. F. WALLACE. Mr. Wallace was the youngest of a family of ten children — five sons and five daughters — and was born in this county, August 15, 1822. His father, Samuel Wallace, immigrated to this county from Kentucky, in 1819, and was then forty-eight years of age, having been born in Virginia, January 29, 1771. When a young man, he immi- grated from Virginia to Kentucky, and was there, afterwards, on the 14th of June, 1798, married. to Miss Anna Snoddy, who was born in North Carolina, October 19, 1778. Twenty-one years afterwards, as stated above, they came to Howard county and here he died, in 1852, and Mrs. Wallace about ten years subsequent, March 4, 1862. On coming to this county, Mr. W. improved the farm on which his son, S. F., now lives and helped to improve. Mr. S. F. was married December 18, 1845, to Miss Galey, daughter of Robert and Anna, James, both of Kentucky, but early settlers in this county. Mr. and Mrs. Wallace have three children — John C, Hickman J. and Lizzie, (now Mrs. Tindall). Mrs. Wallace was born December 22, 1823, in Howard county. Mr. Wallace has an excellent farm of 246 acres. He has been, and is now one of the successful farmers of the county. He is an intelligent, energetic farmer, and a highly respected citizen, and he and wife are both members of the Baptist church. DR. JAMES M. WALKER, physician and farmer. Dr. Walker was principally reared in Ran- dolph county, although a native of Kentucky, his father, who was also a physician, having come from that state to Misssouri, when the son was a small boy. Dr. W. W. Walker, the father, was of a South Carolina family, but was himself born in Kentucky, his parents hav- ing settled in that state in a comparatively early day. Mrs. Walker, Dr. J. M.'s mother, was before her marriage a Miss Susan Anna Schooling, and was born and reared in her husband's native state. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 481 On coming to this state, Dr. W. W. Walker first located in Boone county, but remained there only about two years, and then located in Randolph county, where he moved his family and practised his pro- fession for many years. However, his health failing him, he was compelled to retire from practice in 1854, and died subsequently at his son's residence, at the age of sevent} 7 -five years. Dr. James M. Walker was the eldest of a family of seven children (all sons), and was born in Harrodsburg, Mercer county, Ky., August 25, 1824. His parents having come to Randolph county, Mo., he there attended the schools of the neighborhood, and, by close application to his books, acquired a good ordinary English education early in youth. But when in boyhood, he showed a decided preference for medical studies, and commenced reading the works in his father's library at an early age, which he kept up until he was old enough to attend medical school. Thus, his reading having extended through a long series of years, and with the advantage of constant instruction from his father, who took a deep interest in his progress, and supplied him with all the best medical works, when he entered the medical department of the Uni- versity of Louisville, in 1848, he was unusually well qualified to be- gin his medical course. After his medical course, he at once entered actively into the practice of his profession with his father, in Ran- dolph county, which he continued for some years ; but anxious to keep up, not only in the latest knowledge to be found in books, but also in that afforded by the schools, he took another regular course in a medical college in St. Louis also, where he graduated with marked distinction, in 1855. Then resuming his practice, he followed it with great success, professionally and otherwise, until 1860, when, in order to retire from practice, he settled in this county on a farm, in 1845, which he had previously acquired. His farm contains 320 acres, and is substantially improved, and well stocked. He was married on the 31st of March, 1850, to Miss Susan V., daughter of Robert James. They have three children — Fannie P., William W. and Robert J. The doctor and his wife are both members of the Christian church, and he is a prominent member of the Masonic order. CAPT. W. E. WARDEN. When the magic words, " Gold discovered in California," passed from lip to lip throughout the world, in 1850, and the following spring and summer, the subject of this sketch was then a young man twenty-five years of age, pursuing the even tenor of his way in Chari- ton county, whence he had gone from this county, in 1845, where he was born and reared. But coming of an ancestry of pioneers and enterprising men, he could not remain quietly while the tread of thousands to the promised land was constantly echoing in his ear. Accordingly, like another soldier of the crusades, he joined the march- ing column of the westward bound pioneers, and made the journey across the plains to the golden coast of California. He remained in the far off regions of the west, digging, patiently digging, for what the 482 HISTOKY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. " Merchant ploughs the main And the farmer plows the manor," until 1851, when he returned to his home in Chariton county. He had then been married four years, having married April 16, 1846, when Miss Martha S. Ballew became his wife. She was born in June, 1827, and he August 4, 1824, both natives of Howard county. Up to that time he had followed the occupation of a farmer, which he has since pursued, except for a term during the war, when he did service in the Confederate army. He joined General Price's command during the latter's raid in this state, and served as captain of company C, 2d Missouri battalion sharp shooters, until the general surrender, in 1865. After the conclusion of the war, he came from Chariton county to this county with his family, where he has since lived. They have four children — Vinnie F., wife of Thomas A. Cason, of this count}', William D., Walter H. and Stonewall J. Mr. and Mrs. Warden are both members of the Christian church. Mr. W.'s parents, Elijah and Frances Jackson Warden, were natives of Kentucky — the former came to Missouri to view the country in 1814 — but immigrated to the state in 1818, settling in Howard county later, where the mother died in 1852, and the father in 1856. His wife's parents, Hiram and Dorcas Ballew, came to Howard county in 1818. Mr. B. was a native of North Carolina, and his wife was born in Kentucky. E. N. WAUGH, farmer. Mr. Waugh was a youth sixteen years of age when his parents emigrated from Virginia and settled in Pike county, Missouri, in 1838, where they both subsequently lived until their death. His father, Thomas Waugh, was of Scotch descent, and was born and reared in the Old Dominion. His mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Reynolds. E. N., the subject of this sketch, was born in Bedford county, Virginia, January 22, 1822. He received the ele- ments of an ordinary education in the neighborhood schools of his early home. After reaching manhood he adopted farming as his oc- cupation to which he had been brought up. He remained in Pike county, Missouri, until 1855, when he moved to Lincoln county, whence, two years afterwards, he came to this county, where he has since lived. He has a good farm of 233 acres. On the 25th of De- cember, 1845, he was married to Miss Mary Graves, originally from Nelson county, Virginia, where she was born, October 11, 1826. They have two children, Minerva and Fame. Mr. and Mrs. W. are both members of the Christian church. JOHN H. WAYLAND, of Lewis & Wayland, grain merchants. Among the prominent busi- ness men of Glasgow, who were born and reared in Howard county, may be mentioned John H. Wayland, now extensively engaged with Mr. Lewis as his partner in the grain business. His father, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 483 William Wayland, was a native of Virginia, having been born in Osage county, of that state, January 13, 1816 ; but when only about ten years of age, he was brought by his parents to Missouri who immi- grated to Howard county in 1826, where William was afterwards brought up. During the last thirty years of his life he was engaged in merchandising in Roanoke, where he died, August 2, 1879, leaving his wife, who still survives him, and six children — Aria, John H., James, Cecil, Roland and Elizabeth. He was an upright business man and enjoyed the respect and confidence of all who knew him. For many years he was a leading and exemplary member of the Cum- berland Presbyterian church. John H. Wayland was born February 6, 1849, and was reared in Roanoke, where he attended the common schools, but received more of a practical education in his father's store, in which most of his youth and early manhood were spent. His training was such as to make him a first-class business man, and the result has shown that his opportunities were not thrown away. In 1872, he came to Glasgow and engaged in selling goods, which he continued until 1876, when he formed his present partnership and began the grain business. He was married March 31, 1875, to Miss Virginia L.'Iglehart, of this county. They have three children — Virlea, Elizabeth and William. Mr. W. is a member of Livingston lodge No. 51, of the A. F. and A. M. N. B. WEAVER, engaged in the agricultural implement business and in the manufac- ture of wagons in Glasgow, is of German parentage on his father's side, but is himself a native of Ohio. His father, John Weaver, came to America when a young man and married in Ohio a young lady born and raised in that state. When the subject of this sketch was six years old his father came with the family to Boonville, Mo., where N. B. was reared and educated. He there learned the blacksmith's trade, and in 1869, came to Glasgow, where he has since carried on his present business. He has a large trade in agricultural imple- ments and his wagons are extensively used throughout the surround- ing country. He'was married February 26, 1872, to Miss Mary A. Nivert, of Glasgow. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and has been a member of the town council for three years. He is an intelli- gent, progressive business man, and as a citizen he is deservedly popular. WILLIAM WENGLER & SONS, manufacturers of and dealers in furniture. These gentlemen have a furniture establishment that is a credit to the place in which they do business and speaks a great deal for their own enterprise and business ability. Mr. William Wengler began business in Glasgow, in 1867, on a small capital, and by industry and good management increased his trade and enlarged his establishment until it became one of the 484 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. solid business institutions of the city. They have just put in a plant of machinery for the manufacture of furniture on a more extensive scale than ever, and they reasonably look forward for a moi'e rapid growth of their business than they have heretofore experienced. Mr. Wengler, the father, was born in Prussia, October 11, 1820. In youth, he had the benefit of the excellent public school system in his native country, and, as it is the rule in that country, for every boy to learn some useful occupation, he learned the cabinet maker's trade, and learned it thoroughly, which he has since followed. In 1851, he came to America, landing in New York, where he remained for a time, and afterwards settled in Ft. Wayne, Indiana. He continued working at his trade there until 1865, when he came to Hannibal, Mis- souri, where he remained until the following year, locating then at Glasgow. He married before leaving Prussia, February 15, 1850, Miss Augusta Froelich then becoming his wife. She was born in that country, November 25, 1832. They have four chilnren — Hermann W., born in New York City, June 13, 1852, and a member of the above firm; Edward A., also a member of the firm, born in Ft. Wayne, Indiana, February 24, 1857, and married to Miss Rose Erdle, of this county, December 21, 1879 ; Bertha, also born in Ft, Wayne, January 9, 1859, and Adolph, born in Ft. Wayne, February 21, 1861. Edward A. and wife have one child — Edgar. D. V. WHITE, farmer, and dealer in mules and blooded horses. Mr. White's an- cestors, both paternal and maternal, came originally from Virgina. His grandfather, G. White, was a soldier in the revolutionary war, and subsequently became one of the first pioneers of Madison county, Kentucky. His grandfather on his mother's side, James Moore, was also a pioneer to Kentucky from Virginia, and was an intimate friend of Daniel Boone. His father, Jerre White, was a native of Kentucky and was there married to Miss Anna Moore, of the same state, and of this union, eight children were born, D. V. being the youngest. D. V. White grew up in his native county and followed farming and dealing in stock there until October, 1881, when he came to this county and settled on his present farm. He has a farm of 290 acres. Besides giving his attention to the ordinary farm interests, he deals in horses and mules and makes a specialty of handling blooded horses, in which line he is a thorough master of his business. In the early part of 1862 he enlisted in Captain Douglass' company, raised in his native county, and served until twenty-two months before the close of the war, when he was taken prisoner and held until the restoration of peace. He was married, May 5, 1865, to Miss Sallie Orvin, of Mad- ison county, Kentucky, a daughter of Nathan and Melina Richardson Orvin. Mr. and Mrs. White have seven children — Wm. S., Melina, Allie, Jerre, Harry, Stephen and Martha. Both parents are members of the Christian church. HISTORY OF HOWAED AND COOPER COUNTIES. 485 JOSEPH WILHOIT, farmer. Except about three years during the war, from 1862 to 1865, when Mr. Wilhoit was engaged in clerking in Glasgow, farming has been his occupation through life, which he still follows. He now has a place of 240 acres in a good state of cultivation. He was born in this county September 21, 1837, and was reared on a farm. In youth he attended the schools of the neighborhood, and by close appli- cation acquired a good education for all the practical purposes of busi- ness. During his experience as clerk in Glasgow he also obtained an excellent knowledge of business transactions in the mercantile line, and in all business affairs he is a man of more than ordinary informa- tion. On the 1st of February, 1860, he was married to Miss Lucy Crigler, of this county, but a native of Madison county, Kentucky. They have two children, Mollie and Farris. Mr. and Mrs. Wilhoit are both members of the Christian church. WILLIAM WILHOIT, farmer. Mr. Wilhoit was born in Howard county, Missouri, Sep- tember 28, 1830, and was reared in this county, where he has fol- lowed farming from youth, and now has a large farm of 535 acres, well improved and well stocked. He was married September 27, 1863, to Miss Mary E., daughter of J. V. Bastin, of this county. Mrs. Wilhoit was born July 2, 1840. They have three children, John P., Alvin and Anna. Mr. Wilhoit's father, John Wilhoit, was a native of Virginia, but went to Kentucky early in life, where he married Miss Catherine Crigler. They reared a family of ten chil- dren. In 1820 the family came to Howard county, where William was born, and where the father died in 1855 and the mother in 1874. Johu Wilhoit was an energetic and industrious man, and was an intelligent, successful farmer. He was respected by all who knew him as a worthy, upright citizen. His wife was a good and true and noble-hearted woman, and both were exemplary members of the church. JUNE WILLIAMS, who in youth attended Hon. James G. Blaine's school in Kentucky, and was born and reared in that state, has been a citizen of Howard county since 1853, and is one of the substantial and highly respected farmers of the county. He was born December 3, 1830, and at the age of nineteen, in 1849, bid good-bye to the dear ones of his native home in Scott county, and started for the gold fields of California. He remained in the Aladdin land of the Pacific until 1851, when he returned to " His old Kentucky home, far away." But on his trip he had passed through Howard county, this state, and had become impressed with the fertility of its soil and its other supe- rior natural advantages, and accordingly, in 1853, he came to this 486 history or Howard and cooler counties. county, where he settled and engaged permanently in farming. His place is about four and a half miles from Glasgow, and contains 212 acres of the best quality of land. On the 18th of December, 1854, Mr. Williams was married to Miss Martha Rucker, of Randolph county, but formerly of Virginia, and they have nine children living — Junie, Granville, Archie, Dabney, James, Mattie, Horace, Rena and Carrie. One, besides, is dead — Sidney. Mr. Williams is a, member of the Masonic order. His father, Merrett Williams, was a Virginian by birth, but was reared in Kentucky. Mrs. Merrett Williams, mother of June, whose maiden name was Eliza Smith, was of Fayette county, Kentucky. FKANKLIN TOWNSHIP. J. B. AINSWORTH. William Ainsworth and family were among the earliest pioneers of Howard county — in fact they lived in a fort in this county for a time after their arrival. His wife, before her marriage, was a Miss Lucretia Smith, and both were from Kentucky. J. B., the son, and subject of this sketch, was born a number of years after their emigra- tion, April 7th, 1834 ; and two years after his birth his father, with the family, moved to Cedar county, Missouri. There young Ains- worth spent his boyhood days on the farm and in school, and when a youth sixteen years of age, returned to Howard county where he has since lived. Here he has followed farming and now owns a good farm of 190 acres with an excellent orchard and good substantial improve- ments. In March, 1862, he was married to Miss Mary Smith, of this county, and they now have one child, Alice. THOMAS S. ALSOP. If, as Macauley says, the biography of the people of a country is the history of the country itself, then the history of Howard coun- ty and particularly of Franklin township, in this county, can never be written without giving the Alsop family a conspicuous place on its pages. Thomas Alsop, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a native of Spottsylvania county, Virginia, where he was reared and there married Miss Judith Minor, after which, in 1804, they emi- grated to Kentucky. Of this union, Elliott, the father of Thomas S., was born. Subsequent to this they moved to Louisville, Ken- tucky, where Mrs. Alsop died. There Mr. Alsop married again a lady of his own name, but no issue came of his second marriage. In 1818, he came with his family to Old Franklin, in this county, mak- ing the whole trip from Louisville in a keel boat, and here he lived HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 487 until his death. At this place he started the first hotel ever kept in the county, and was the sheriff of the county, executing during his term of office, William G. Short, the first victim of the gallows by sentence of court after the admission of Missouri into the Union. He died in 1828, the same year the site of the old town was washed away by the river. Elliott, the father of Thomas S., was born in Scott county, Kentucky, May 12th, 1804. He was brought up to the plasterer's and bricklayer's trades and worked at these some time after he reached manhood. By industry and economy he accumulated enough to engage in the mercantile business, which he did in 1833 in the town of New Franklin, and in this he continued until the day of his death, January 12th, 1872, a period of over forty years, thus es- tablishing and building up the large business, since so well and suc- cessfully conducted by his sons. He took an active part in building up the town of New Franklin, and in 1828 or 1829, erected one of the first houses, if not the first, built in that place. He was widely known as a man of unswerving integrity and public spirit, and not only rose to wealth and social prominence himself, but contributed materially to the prosperity of the place in which he lived and of the surrounding country. On the 6th of December, 1838, he was united in marriage to Miss Julia A., daughter of Shepherd Gum, an old set- tler of the county, and seven children were born of this union, three of whom are now living: Thomas S., John H. and Charles C. Elliott, who was a leading farmer of the county, died some years sub- sequent to his father's demise. He served for four years iu the Con- federate army under Generals Pemberton and Jos. E. Johnson, and was classed among the bravest of the brave. The other sons consti- tute the firm of E. Alsop's Sons, in New Franklin. Thomas S., the eldest, was in partnership with his father a number of years prior to his death, and has been in business where he now lives for over thirty years. Mrs. Alsop, the mother, is still living, one of the venerable ladies of the community, known and esteemed for her many social and motherly virtues. On the 4th of October, 1870, Thomas S. Alsop was married to Miss Mary A. Herndon, of this couirty, who died, however, February 9th, 1874. She left him two children, Luta H. and Mary C, the latter now deceased. He was married the sec- ond time, October 10th, 1877, Miss Mary L. Strainge, of Pike county, becoming his wife. They have two children, J. Elliott and Anna B. THOMAS C. BOGGS, proprietor of the Fairview farm. In the biographical sketches of How- ard county, Mr. Boggs is entitled to more than a passing notice. For many years he has been one of the most successful and prominent farmers of the county. He was born in Washington county, Missouri, October 14th, 1822, and was a son of Joseph L. and Abigail (Carr) Boggs, who were married in this state. His mother was originally from North Carolina, but his father was a native of Virginia. His father, however, was reared in Kentucky, and came from that state to 488 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Missouri when a young man. He was a man of great; industry, un- tiring energy and more than ordinary intelligence, and although he started out in life for himself practically without a dollar, it was not long before he succeeded in acquiring a comfortable home, and subse- quently placed himself in comparatively easy circumstances. On coming to this state, no other employment more profitable offering, he worked for some time in the lead mines, and from this time gave his at- tention to farming, which he followed through the remainder of his life. In about 1838 he moved to Howard county, where he lived until his death. He is spoken of by all who knew him as an energetic, suc- cessful farmer, a worthy, useful citizen, a kind neighbor and an up- right man. Thomas C, now himself well advanced in years, was a youth but sixteen years of age when his father settled in this county. He was brought up to the strictest habits of industi'y and frugality and taught the lesson in life which so many fail to learn that permanent, substantial success is the reward only of personal worth. Nor was his education neglected. His father had learned from personal ex- perience that the advantages of a good education could not be too highly estimated. And, although school facilities in that early day were not of the best, the son had the full benefit of such schools as were in reach, and by pursuing his studies with the same zeal and energy that have characterized his subsequent life in everything he has undertaken, he succeeded in acquiring a good practical education. Reared to a farm life, to the free and independent manner of living which only the farmer enjoys, on reaching the age that it became proper to adopt some permanent calling and to provide for himself, he not unnaturally concluded to follow that to which he had been brought up and which, withal was most congenial to his tastes. Some time after having engaged in farming for himself he was married to Miss Levina Kingsbury, of Howard county, the date of his marriage being September 15th, 1846. The following spring, in March, 1847, he settled on what is a part of his present farm. Here he has lived for over thirty-six years, and from a small beginning has come to be one the first farmers of the county. Inheriting the strong qualities of his father's character to a marked degree, qualities that would have made him a successful man from almost any situation in life, it is perhaps not surprising that his career as a farmer has been one of unbroken success. He has steadily increased the acreage of his possessions and year by year added to the value of his estate, until now he has over 700 acres of as fine land as there is in the county, and one of the best improved farms thoughout the surrounding country. As far back as 1868 he erected a fine commodious dwelling on his place at a cost of no less than $15,000. Thus a life of industry and good man- agement has not been without its reward. But he has been more than personally successful. Above and beyond that he has been a useful citizen — one who has done a great deal for the advancement of the agricultural interests of the county and for the promotion of its gen- eral prosperity. Seeking no office, averse to every form of notori- ety, working out quietly and modestly his own useful and honorable HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 489 mission in life, he has gone steadily forward in his career, and in making himself one of the first farmers of the county, has contributed more to its wealth and material interests than if he had held every office in its gift from representative to constable, or had led its citi- zens in a hundred useless battles. Such men are the pillars of society, the real forces which impel civilization forward. Mr. and Mrs. Boggs have a family of six children, Robert J., John M., Levina, now the wife of H. W. Harris ; Nannie C, now the wife of Dr. V. Q. Bonham ; Willie J. and Sallie M. Mr. B. is a member of the Masonic frater- nity. J. M. BOGGS, son of T. C. Boggs, whose sketch appears elsewhere, was born in Howard county, Missouri, March 24, 1850. Mr. Boggs was reared on his father's farm, and in youth was given excellent educational advan- tages. Besides attending the ordinary common schools he took courses in Kemper's well-known school at Boonville.andin Central college, at Fayette. At the conclusion of his last course in college he returned to the farm and has since followed that occupation . He was married on the 3d of September, 1881, to Miss Anna M. Hunter, of this state. Mr. B. is a member of the A. O. U. W. He is a young man of ex- cellent qualities and of good business qualifications, and with the en- ergy and resolution he possesses his future is a most promising one. R. J. BOGGS, an elder brother of J. M., is now thirty-six years of age, and has therefore had a somewhat more extended experience in the world. Like his brother, he was brought up on the farm and received a good education, attending both the common schools and Kemper's college. He has devoted his time to farming and stock raising, in both of which he has met with excellent success. In 1876 he went to the re- public of Mexico, where he dealt in stock between that country and Texas, also having important stock interests in the Lone Star state. He remained on the Rio Grande — first on one side, and then the other — until 1881, a period of five years, and then returned to How- ard county, where he has since lived. For about a year after his re- turn he was engaged in clerking in a business house, but in 1882 resumed farming, which he has since followed. He and his brother own a farm of 209 acres. R. J. was born in this county October 26, 1847. He is a member of the Masonic order. DR. N. M. BONHAM. In scanning the lives of the more useful class of men, one meets with much to incline him, if not to the views of the optimist — that everything is for the best, at least to the conviction that there is far more of good in the world than of evil. We are drawn to this reflec- tion particularly by tracing the life of Dr. Bonham, extending through 490 HISTORY OF HOWAKD AND COOPER COUNTIES. a long series of years, from early struggles to comparative ease, in which is visible throughout an earnest purpose to do good in the world, with constant efforts for the amelioration of the condition of the unfortuuate in spirit as well as in body. Passing the opportuni- ties he has had to accumulate wealth, if he had availed himself of them at the sacrifice of the higher purpose which controlled him, he might have become, more than ordinarily) a wealthy man. But pe- cuniary means was to him not the great object of life, and if a com- fortable property has come to him, it has come only as an incident to a successful and useful life. Of a refined and sympathetic nature, sensitive to the misfortunes of others, and suffering by them almost as much as if they were his own, the medical profession offered to him a field of labor which he felt it was his duty to enter. Accordingly, he devoted all his euergies to the acquisition of a thorough knowledge of medicine, which he continued until he obtained. And having placed himself in a position to alleviate the physical suffering of men, a higher, grander field of effort opened up before him. Called fre- quently too late to the bedside of the suffering, when the time for the human physician had passed, he there saw the transcendent im- portance of teaching the hygiene of the soul above and before that of the body. Hence, with a disinterestedness and regard for the wel- fare of others, characteristic of his whole life, he also devoted himself to the ministry, in which he has done a noble service without reward, save the imperishable reward that awaits him when all earthly rewards shall have crumbled into dust. Thus, as we have said, his life has been given to good works — a life studded and jewelled with noble deeds, and such a one as teaches the heart to feel that " Man is not all inhumanity to man." Dr. N. M. Bonham was born in Blount county, Tennessee, December 4, 1820. He was a son of Martin L. Bonham, of Tennessee, and a grandson of Benjamin Bonham, of Virginia. The father of Benjamin Bonham was a native of England, and came over to Virginia many years before the revolution. Benjamin himself was r.n officer in the revolutionary army, and served under Washington until the close of the seven years' struggle. Dr. Bonham's mother was a native of Virginia, and before her marriage was a Miss Orphia McDaniels. His parents reared ten children, of whom the doctor was the seveuth. He was reared on his father's farm in Tennessee, and was educated in the neighborhood schools and by hard study at home. As he ap- proached manhood he gave himself to the study of medicine, for to that profession nature seems to have devoted him, and by the time he was twenty-two years of age he found himself prepared to enter the lecture- room of a medical college as a student, though to the young men of to-day this may not appear to be of special credit to his energy and perseverance. He entered the Missouri medical college, of St. Louis, in 1844, from which he was afterwards duly graduated. In 1848 he came to Pike county, Missouri, and formed a partnership with Dr. W. W. Freeman in the practice of medicine, in which he continued HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 491 until he came to Howard county. He came to this county in 1850 and located in Boonsboro, where he continued to labor through sum- mer's heat and winter's cold, in sunshine and in darkness, for fifteen long years, and until he moved to Franklin, where he now lives and still ministers to the sick and suffering. Dr. Bonham has been an almost life-long member of the church, and for over thirty-five years he has been ordained and has officiated as a member of the gospel in the Cumberland Presbyterian denomination. He was ordained by the Salt River Presbytery in 1848. Death, the grim messenger, has not passed by his»door without a call. His first wife, Margaret A., to whom he was married April 1, 1849, was taken from him 'May 27, 1868. She left four children— V. Q., R. V., N. Worth and Maggie, now deceased. Dr. Bonham was again married, April 13, 1870, to Sallie Stewart, but she lived to comfort her husband only a few * months, passing away November 20, 1870. Six years afterwards, November 9, 1876, he was the third time married to a most excellent lady, Sue E. Burckhartt, of Randolph county. DR. V. Q. BONHAM was born in Howard county, Missouri, October 18, 1856, and barring the time he was absent attending the Rush medical college, of Chi- cago — the fourth college in which he has been a student — he has practised in this county since his graduation from Vanderbilt univer- sity, of Nashville, Tennessee, in 1877. He is a son of Dr. N. M. Bonham, of Franklin, a self-made man and self-educated physician, who has gone to the front in the medical profession regardless of all difficulties, because he was determined to take that position, and with whom Dr. V. Q. is now associated as a partner in the practice. Dr. V. Q. Bonham was reared in this county, and in early youth took the usual course in the common schools. Subsequently he entered the State university in Columbia and studied the higher branches, after which he centred his whole mind, and time on the study of medicine. He took a long and severe course of preliminary reading and instruction under his father, and in 1875 entered the Missouri' medical college, which he also attended in 1876. He then entered Vanderbilt university, of Nashville, Tennessee, from which he was afterwards duly graduated. Returning home after his graduation, he at once entered actively into the practice and continued in this until the spring of 1883, when he went to Chicago and took a course in the Rush medical college of that city, returning afterwards and re- suming his practice in Howard county. On the 29th of August, 1880, Dr. Bonham was married to Miss Na»mie C. Boggs, a highly accomplished and most excellent young lady, and their union has been blessed with a bright and interesting little daughter — Maggie L. WILLIAM H. BOWMAN, deceased. On the ninth day of June, 1879, Howard county lost one of her best citizens, in the death of William H. Bowman. He was a man 1 I 492 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. whose life had been useful and just. As a citizen, he was public- spirited, aud a steadfast friend to law and order. As a neighbor, he was hospitable and kind to all around him. And as a man, he com- bined, to more than an ordinary degree, the qualities of mind and health that make one respected and esteemed by all with whom he is associated. William H. Bowman was born in Mercer county, Ken- tucky, February 17, 1813. He was a son of John Bowman and Fannie O, formerly a Miss Perkins, who were married December 7, 180t>. His parents were natives of Virginia, but emigrated to Ken- tucky early in life, and settled in Mercer county, where they lived until their death. William H. was reared in his native county. His father having been a farmer, and he, himself, having been brought up to farm life, he naturally adopted that as his permanent occupation. He continued to live in Mercer county, and follow his chosen calling until 1853, when he came to Howard county, and made this his home until his death. However, before leaving Kentucky, he was married on the 27th day of October, 1840, to Miss Hannah F. Read, of that state, born November 17, 1821, a noble and devoted woman who died one year after reaching this state, July 18, 1854. She left him four children — Anna, Fannie C, Nicholas and Ella. On reaching this county, Mr. Bowman at once engaged in farming and stock raising, and soon took rank with the leading farmers and stockmen of the county. He acquired a splendid farm of 320 acres, and had it im- proved in a thorough and complete manner. In the stock business he showed broad-minded enterprise in securing the best class of stock from which to breed. As both farmer and stock raiser he was re- garded as one of the leading men of the county. By the death of his wife, he was left, as has been observed, with four motherless children, and at that time among comparative staingers. Mr. Bow- man was too sensible a man, as well as too warm hearted, and domes- tic in his nature to think of rearing his children without the care of one who could take the place of mother, or to go through the long journey of life without the tenderness and affection of wife. Accord- ingly, on the 30th day of October, 1855, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Keill, a worthy and excellent lady, born in this state August 4, 1835. By this union five children were born, and are now living — George A., William Taylor, Edwin P., Laura M., and Mary. On the 9th day of June, 1879, as noted above, Mr. Bowman fell to sleep in death — God's finger touched him, and he slept. Something over a year afterwards his second wife, she who had reared his children, and loved and comforted him through the circling seasons of near twenty-five years, followed him in death. Her spirit passed from earth September 24, 1880. He first deceased ; she for a little tried To live without him, liked it not, and died. Both were members of the Christian church, and their lives and death exemplified the beauties and power of the Christian's faith. Mr. Bowman was also a member of the Masonic order. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 493 JAMES W. BOWMEK. Mr. Bowmer' s father, Peter, came from Fauquier county, Virginia, to Howard county, away back in 1816, when forts and Indian camps stood where towns and cities have since been built. Here Peter Bow- mer married Miss Catherine Mahan, of Cooper county, and of this union James W. was born and reared. His mother was a native of Kentucky, but came to this state with her parents in an early day. James W. was brought up in his native county, and was educated in the common schools of the period. He lived in this county until 1869, then thirty-seven years of age, having been born on the 29th of February, 1832, when he went to California, where he remained nine years employed in store and warehouse establishments. In 1877, he returned to old Howard, where he has since lived. How- ever, in 1855, he was married to Miss L. Wilcox, a true and noble woman, who died June 17, 1871. Mr. Bowmer has two children living — Susan and George. Mr. Bowmer is a member of the Masonic order, and is well respected by his fellow-members and acquaintances. L. S. BEASHEAE. Mr. Brashear's parents came originally from Maryland, settling first in Scott county, Kentucky, where he was born, and afterwards emigrating to this county. They were among the first settlers, how- ever, of Howard county, having come here as early as 1816. Judge Brashear, his father, was for many years one of the most prominent citizens of the county, and Mrs. Brashear, who before her marriage was a Miss Elizabeth Leach, was a lady respected and esteemed by all who knew her. Mr. L. S. Brashear was born January 31, 1808, and was reared on his father's farm in this county. His farm bringing up created for him the partiality for farm life, which controlled his decision in choosing an occupation, and hence he has always lived on the farm and followed that calling. However, it should be stated that, like many others during the gold excitement in California, he went to the Pacific and spent two years in the mines, but returned more wedded to an agricultural life than ever. He now has a fine body of land, embracing 360 acres. His farm has a spring of salt water, highly recommended for its sanitary qualities. His nephew, L. B. Bras- hear, lives on the farm with him. Mr. Brashear is the only surviving member of a family of twelve children. He is a member of the Chris- tian church, and is regarded by all who know him as a conscientious and upright man. HENDEESON BEOWN was the fourth of a family of seven children born to L. Brown and his wife, Mary M., whose maiden name was Kidd. Mr. Brown, the father, was a native of Kentucky, and in Frankfort, of that state, Henderson was born December 17, 1823 ; but Mrs. Brown was a Vir- 33 494 HISTORT OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES- ginian by birth. In 1829 the family came to Palmyra, Missouri, and there the son, the subject of this sketch, was brought up, receiving a substantial education from the common schools of the place. After reaching manhood he learned the cooper's trade, which, when he had acquired it, he followed, first at La Grange, and then at Canton, Mis- souri, together, until 1851. He then went to St. Louis county, where he was engaged as superintendent of a large farm not far from the city, and in that capacity he was employed four years. In 1855 he began farming on his own account, and followed it in St. Louis county until 1864, when he moved into the city and resided there one year. From St. Louis he came to Audrain county and farmed near Mexico a year, and then came to Howard county, where he has since lived and followed the occupation of a farmer. In the meantime, in 1848, he married Miss Dorcas Todd, a young lady of Maryland birth, but she died in 1851, and four years afterwards he was again married, Miss May Long, of St. Louis, becoming his wife. Their family con- sists of four children: William H., Thomas L., Nellie (wife of John S. Sebree), and Harry L. Mr. B. is a member of the Christian church and of the. I. O. O. F. C. E. BURCKHAETT. Mr. Burckhartt, as his name indicates, is of German descent. His grandfather, Christopher, was brought to this country by his parents when an infant, the family settling in Maryland. He enlist- ed in the Continental army during the revolutionary war, and served his country until the establishment of peace. He afterwards returned to Maryland where he married Miss Elizabeth Hobbs. From there he went to Kentucky. On the first settling of the Boone's Lick country he was attracted to these new and inviting fields, and accord- ingly his name is found among those who arrived in this section in 1811. By this time his family had all grown up and married, with the exception of James and Nicholas S., Mr. B.'s father. His father died in this county about 1831, and his mother some fifteen years later, at the residence of her son-in-law, Judge Drake, of Henry county. They were both members of the church and strict worthy and pious people. Nicholas S., once a prominent citizen of this sec- tion of the state, was born in Maryland, June 16th, 1792, and was, therefore, about grown when he landed in Howard county. From his first connection with the county he proved an active, public- spirited and energetic citizen, and was afterwards very successful as a business man. Immediately after coming out from the fort he secured a comfortable home for his parents, which he deeded to them during their lives. In connection with his father he early commenced the manufacture of salt at what has since been known as the " Burckhartt Lick," in Franklin township. This business proved remunerative, as salt at that time brought as high as one dollar per bushel at the place of manufacture. He afterwards bought the sixteenth or school sec- tion of township 45, range 16, most of which he improved. On the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 495 organization of the county, he was appointed sheriff by Governor Clark, the territorial governor, and performed the duties of this office for Howard county, when it embraced what is now thirty-one counties and fractions of nine others. On the admission of Missouri into the Union in 1821, he was elected to the same office. He was one of the delegates in the convention that framed the constitution of the state in 1820. After the expiration of his second term as sheriff he was elected to the state legislature, where he served several terms. He was afterwards elected to the state senate and was a candidate for re-election when death put an end to his earthly labors, June 14th, 1834. He was taken from this life in the prime of manhood, in the very meridian of his usefulness and popularity. He was widely known as an honest, public-spirited and highly gifted man, who, had he lived, would no doubt have been called to still higher positions in the state and nation. February 22d, 1818, he was united in marriage to Miss Sallie Rose, daughter of Mathias Rose, of St. Louis county. From this union there were eight children reared, of whom the sub- ject of this sketch was one. Christopher Burckhartt, our subject, was born in Franklin township, July 15th, 1829. He followed farm- ing in that township a number of years where he still owns a fine tract of land as a homestead. In 1867, he was appointed deputy sheriff. He was elected collector in the fall of 1872, and re-elected in the fall of 1874. He is a member of the Masonic order, of the I. 0. O. F., and of the A. O. U. W. On the 17th of August, 1852, he was married to Miss Susan, daughter of Hugh and Elizabeth Newkirk Stewart. They have four children living. Bettie S., Hugh, Chris. E. and James M. One infant son and two daughters aged re- spectively, 17 and 19, are dead ; Ada and Mattie R. Mrs. Burck- hartt was born in Bullitt county, Kentucky, June 29th, 1829. Her father, Mr. Stewart, was a native of Pennsylvania, and her mother of Kentucky, but in 1831 her parents came from the latter state and settled in Howard county. JAMES M. BURRUS. Among the many good citizens of Howard county who claim the Old Dominion as the cradle of their famihes in th t s country is Mr James M Burrus, the subject of this sketch. His grandfather, Sael Burrus, was a native of Virginia and a soldier from that state nttLtvolutionary war. His father (J. M.'s), Thomas, was also a Virginian, but emigrated to Kentucky in an early day, and I there, in Madison county, James M. was_ born, February 5^ 1809. Mr . Thomas Burrus, before her marriage, was a Mist, Mary A. Mills. SS Burrus family came to Missouri from Kentucky an I settled in Howard countv in 1816, and here the son, James M., grew to man- hood He had the advantage of the ordinary country schools, and when' he attained to early nfanhood, engaged n clerking in a store m Old Franklin. This he followed two years alter which he gave his attention to farming, and in that he has since continued. He has a 496 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. farm of 220 acres well improved. On the 21st of October, 1834, Mr. Burrus was married to Miss Sarah Hughes, of this county, and twenty-eight years of a noble, good life were devoted to his happiness and that of her children. But on the 8th of February, 1862, the an- gel of death entered his home, and wife and mother were no more. She left him five children — James C, William H., Nancy J., Mary A. and George N. " 'Tis a precious thing when wives are dead, To find such members who will serve instead, And in whatever state a man be thrown, 'Tis that precisely they would wish their own." Mr. B. was again married on the 26th of May, 1864, to Miss Sallie Wilkerson, an excellent and worthy lady, born and reared in this county, and they have three children — Madison C, Frances J. and Mary. He and his wife are both members of the Baptist church. JOHN Q. CALLAWAY, one of the oldest residents as well as one of the leading farmers and stock raisers of Howard county, was born in this county, October 18, 1819. He was a son of Charles Callaway and wife, Elizabeth, both of Kentucky. His mother's family name was Eubanks, and his par- ents came to this county in about 1812. Mr. C. was reared on the farm in this county and adopted farming as his occupation, which he has since followed in connection with stock raising. However, in 1861, he enlisted in Captain Cooper's company, recruited in this county, and did service until the battle of Pea Ridge, where he was severely wounded, on account of which he was honorably discharged. Returning home, he resumed farming after his recovery, and has met with marked success. Miss Lucinda Svvemgener became his wife on the 25th of September, 1852, and seven children have blessed their union — Gus, Willmoth, Charles, Bettie, Clabe, John and Bell. Mr. C. has a large farm containing 840 acres, most of it improved and in a good state of cultivation. He has a splendid herd of short-horn, thor- ough-bred cattle, numbering eighty head. He is an enterprising, intelligent farmer, and one of the solid, substantial citizens of this county. STEPHEN CALLAWAY, farmer. Mr. Callaway has led a somewhat stirring and active, life, but now as old age begins to approach, he is settled down in a com- fortable home to enjoy the comparative ease his industry has brought him. He has a farm of 275 acres in a good state of improvement and cultivation. He was born and reared in this county, but has been a soldier in two wars and has been twice on the plains. His father, Charles Callaway, was a native of Virginia, but was brought up in Kentucky, where he married Miss Elizabeth Eubanks and after- wards, in 1816, came with his family to Howard county. Here HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 497 Stephen was born, June 13, 1824. In 1846, he enlisted under Col- onel Doniphan and followed the flag of stripes and stars to Mexico. He was afterwards honorably discharged in New Orleans under the pine and orange, and returned to his home in Howard county. In 1850, he went to California, but after an experience of about two years on the Pacific coast, he returned to this county and engaged again in farming, and in that, continued until the civil war, in which he served a short time, and afterwards, in 1865, hauled freight for the government on the plains for a year. Since then he has given his whole attention to farming on his present place. In March, 1849, he was married to Miss Ann Edwards, who died here on the 16th of April, 1861, leaving him six children — Elizabeth, California, Anna, William E., James C. and Charles C. He was again married in October, 1868, to Miss Ann Lawtham, of this state. CHAELES B. CANOLE. William Canole, the father of Charles B., was a native of Vir- ginia, and his mother (C. B.'s), whose maiden name was Elizabeth Barb, was born in Maryland, but they went to Tennessee in early life and settled in Sullivan county, where Charles B. was born September 15, 1822. He was brought up in that county and educated in the common schools, and lived there until twenty-two years of age, when he came to Howard county, Missouri, and engaged in farming in Franklin township. He followed farming until the gold excitement in California broke out, and in fact for two years afterwards, and in 1852 started for the gold fields on the far-off Pacifio coast. He re- mained in California four years, engaged in mining, etc., and in 1856 returned to his adopted home in Howard. Here he resumed farming, believing that the majority of those who succeed in life by honest toil owe more to the soil and to the sky than to the hidden treasures of the earth, and, so far as his own experience is concerned, his faith has not misled him, for he is now comfortably fixed in life. He has about 200 acres of good land. In 1880 he was married to Miss Sarah Mul- lins, a lady of Johnson county, Missouri, a daughter of Moses Mul- lins of that county. Mr. Canole's father died in 1863 ; his mother in 1843. F. G. CANOLE, a younger brother of Charles B. , whose sketch appears elsewhere, like his brother, is a farmer by occupation, and has a neat farm of 116 acres, containing an excellent orchard and otherwise well improved. He was born in Sullivan county, Tennessee, August 10, 1840, and was, therefore, but four years of age when his father, as noticed in Charles B. Canole's sketch, came to Howard county in 1844, the mother having died in Tennessee the year previous. F. G. grew up on his father's farm in this county, and received a good practical edu- cation in the neighborhood schools. In 1862, then twenty-two years of age, he enlisted in the Confederate army as drummer in the 9th 498 HISTORT OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Missouri infantry, and followed the three-barred flag of the south until it was furled to float no more at the final surrender in 1865. Then returning home he resumed farming in this county, and two years afterwards, December 4, 1867, was united in marriage to Miss Nannie G. Smith, a beautiful and accomplished lady of Howard coun- ty, and they now have two children, Ada B. and William A. Mr. C. is an enterprising farmer and ranks among the best citizens of the comity. He is a member of the M. E. church south, of the I. O. 0. F., and of the A. O. U. W- BROWN M. CHANCELLOR. Like so many others of the best class of citizens of Howard coun- ty, Mr. Chancellor is a Virginian by birth. He was born in Fauquier county, of the Old Dominion, December 24, 1832, and there he lived until he had grown to early manhood. But in 1852 he came to How- ard county to cast his fortunes with the newer and more fertile country on this side of the Mississippi. He now owns a fine farm of over 500 acres of better land than he could have ever had in his native county," all in a good state of cultivation and improvement, besides large stock and personal property interests. He is one of the substantial and well-to-do farmers of Howard county, and as a neighbor and citizen he is respected and esteemed. On the 9th of February, 1866, he was married to Miss Hannah E. Gearhart of this state. They have five children : Ella, John G., Sallie, Ernest and Horace W. Mr. C. is a member of the A. O. U. W. His father, John Chancellor, and mother, whose name before her marriage was Elizabeth Rogers, were both natives of Virginia. DR. GEORGE E. CHINN is what may be fairly called a self-made man, and withal, he is one of the leading physicians and prominent farmers of Howard county. He was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, June 16, 1834, but was mainly reared in Scott county, that state, where he also acquired a good practical education. When a young man he was not situated so that he could attend medical college (for he felt that his mission in life was to be a physician) ; but he procured books and read medicine under the direction of local physicians, and in a few years became thorough, so far as private study could make him, in that science. With his books and his duties on the farm, his time was closely em- ployed, but his early years, so well improved, could not fail to pro- duce gratifying results ; so, that in 1855, when he came to Johnson county, Missouri, he found himself not only in a position to follow farming successfully, but also well qualified to enter upon the prac- tice of medicine. His life was a busy and energetic one in his new home, and in a few years he had so shaped his affairs that he could leave home and attend medical college, which he did in 1861. Ac- cordingly, he entered the St. Louis medical college that year, from c HISTORY "OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 499 which afterwards he was duly graduated. He continued practicing in Johnson county, and farming there, until 1863, when he came to Howard county and settled. Here he has since been engaged in the practice and in farming. Determined to stand second to none in his professon, in name as well as in fact, in 1867, he attended the Mis- souri Medical college, from which he was also afterwards graduated. Though well advanced in life at this time, he is still a student in his chosen profession — to him the science of medicine is a constant source of pleasure as well as interest, and he pursues its study with unabated zeal. In 1852, he was married to Miss Polly Glinn, from Kentucky, but in 1865, she died, leaving him three children — Wm. E., E. H. (now Dr.), and Emmett. He was again married in 1868, Miss A. L. Settles, of Cooper county, Missouri, becoming his wife, and they have two children — Elmina and George. Dr. Chinn is a member of the Masonic order and of the Chapter of that order ; also of the Christian church. BENJAMIN H. COX, blacksmith, and manufacturer of wagons, plows, etc., Franklin, Mis- souri. One of the respectable and well-to-do citizens of Franklin, is Mr. Cox, the subject of this sketch. By industry and perseverance he has worked his way up in the world, always regulating his life by honest and honorable principles, until now he is regarded as one of the most substantial citizens in the community in which he lives,, and is as much respected as any man in it. Besides attending to the duties devolving upon him in connection with his wagon and plow- making and blacksmithing establishment, he was called to the respon- sible office of justice of the peace, of this township, the duties of which he discharged for four years with intelligence and uprightness, and to the entire satisfaction of the people. He is a worthy member of the Baptist church and is also a member of the I. O. 0. F. He commenced the active duties of life as an apprentice to the black- smith's trade when but fifteen years of age, in 1849, with Wm. R. Dickerson, of Fayette, this county. After working there five or six years he came to Franklin, where he has since lived and followed his trade, in connection with wagon and plow making, etc., and with gratifying success. Mr. C. has been three times married. On the 10th of Sep- tember, 1856, he was married to Miss Lucy J. Spencer, a native of Buckingham county, Virginia. She was taken from him by death, July 11, 1857. He was again married, June 4, 1859, Miss Martha Bradshaw becoming his second wife. She died June 10, 1867, leav- ing him three children — William O., Effie G. and Ethel A. On the 4th of February, 1869, he married Mary A. Kirkpatrick. They have one child living — Maggie B. Mr. Cox is a native of Buckingham county, Virginia, and was born, November 22, 1834. He was a son of Francis Cox and wife, Hester A., whose family name had been Seary, both natives of Virginia. When Benjamin H. was but a year old his parents came to Boone county, Missouri, where he grew up and was educated in the common schools. 500 • HISTOET OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ISHAM F. CEEWS. Mr. Crews' father came to Howard county from Kentucky with his family when Isham was but eight years old, but here the father shortly afterwards died and Mrs. Crews, with her children, thereupon returned to Kentucky, and settled down in the county of their old home — Madison. But young Crews had seen the country which his father had brought him to and had thought was so desirable to live in, and, although young as he was, he had the intelligence and judg- ment to appreciate its advantages over that of his native county. Ac- cordingly, in 1855, he returned to Howard county and cast the die of his destiny with the new country. He now has a farm of 187 acres of rich land in a good state of improvement and cultivation. He also has an abundance of stock around him and other personal property, and withal, is comfortably situated for a substantial competence in life. He was married, October 9, 1860, to Miss Mary Turner, of this county, who was born July 17, 1842. Her father was Edward Tur- ner, a well-known and highly respected citizen of Howard county. Mr. C. and wife have eight children living — Edward T., Sallie M., Minnie E., Milton, Mattie R., Evalina, Oscar W. and Maggie F. Mr. Crews is a native of Madison county, Kentucky, having been born there in August, 1844, and was the son of Milton and wife, Rhoda P. Crews, formerly Miss Fox ; both were also natives of Kentucky. Mr. C. is a member of the A. O. U. W. IRA C. DARBY. A four hundred and ninety acre farm, well improved and well stocked, an honorable name, and an intelligent and respectable family, are the results of nearly fifty well-spent years of the life of Ira C. Darby. He was sixteen years old in, 1834, when he went from his birthplace, in Montgomery county, Maryland, to Virginia, and began work at the blacksmith's trade. For seven long years he toiled over the anvil in the Old Dominion, until in 1841, when by frugal management he found himself in a situation to cast his fortunes with the new empire, then rapidly springing up along the shores of the Missouri. Accordingly , he came to Howard county and worked at Glasgowfor some time, and then, in 1843, settled on his present place, where he has since followed farming and blacksmithing. On the 5th of October, 1843, he was married to Miss Catherine Long, of Howard county, a daughter of Reuben and wife, Nancy Hocker Long, of this county, both now deceased. Mr. Long was born April 14, 1797, and was one of the first settlers in Howard county. He died here November 26, 1842. His wife, born in this county February 21, 1827, fol- lowed him in death September 22, 1845. Mr. Darby's father, Thomas, and mother, Rebecca, whose family name before her mar- riage was Allnutt, were both natives of Maryland. Mr. Darby, the subject of this sketch, and his wife now have seven children living — Thomas L., Anna E., Mary J., Ira C, Jr., Gabriella, James N. and Pensa. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 501 IEA C. DARBY, Jr. Mr. Darby's father, for whom the son was named, was a native of Maryland, but came to this county early in life, and afterwards married Miss Catherine Long, and of this union Ira C, Jr., was born June 16, 1853. Young Darby was reared on his father's farm, and as common schools had been established, he enjoyed excellent advan- tages to obtain a practical education, which he did not fail to improve. Having been reared on a farm, he has adopted that occupation as his permanent calling. He and Mr. Gabriel Long own jointly an excellent farm of 314 acres. Mr. Darby was united in marriage February 15, 1883, to Miss Anna M. Long, of this county, and daughter of Mr. William Long, one of the many good citizens of Howard county. She was born November 6, 1857. Mr. Darby is a member of the Masonic order. GEORGE C. EDWARDS. Mr. Edwards is one of the prominent and enterprising young farmers and stock raisers of Howard county. He was born in this county December 1, 1852, and was reared on his father's farm. His father, Captain Wm. G. Edwards, was one of the remarkably suc- cessful men of central Missouri. When he married, in 1851, then a young man twenty-one years of age, he was practically without a dollar, and he began his career at farming and followed it until his death. When he died, in 1875, he owned over 500 acres of fine land. Mrs. Edwards, the mother of George C, before her marriage was a Miss Amelia Monroe, daughter of William Monroe, one of the first pioneers in Howard county. The Monroe family figure prominently in the early history of the county, for they had much to do with opening it up to immigration and with its improvement and develop- ment. Both of Mr. Edward's (George C.'s) parents were from Ken- tucky, and their parents, in turn, were among the early settlers of that state. George C, in early youth, had the advantage of the common schools of the neighborhood where his father lived, and afterwards he was sent to Kemper's college, at Boonville, and an in- stitute at Glasgow, thus securing more than an ordinarily good edu- cation. After his college course he gave his attention to farming and stock raising, which he has since followed. The farm now contains 600 acres ofland, well improved. He has a large amount of stock, and gives this branch of his interests special attention. He was mar- ried in the spring of 1878 to Miss Sallie Wirtheimer, of Boonville, and they have one child, Morris W. Mr. Edwards is a member of the Masonic order and a Knight Templar ; also a member of the I. O. 0. F. and A. O. U. W. COLONEL NEWTON G. ELLIOTT, deceased. Colonel Elliott was born in Howard county, Missouri, March 3, 1812, and died in his native county, where his whole life had been 502 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. spent, January 3, 1877. Between these dates was lived a life, if not as conspicuous as some, by no means obscure, and as useful to those around him and as honorable as any whose name deserves a place in the history of Howard county. He was a man possessed to a marked degree of the stronger and better qualities of mind and heart. Beared at a time when school advantages in this section of the state were very indifferent, and so situated that it was impracticable to attend distant schools, such was his thirst for knowledge and his force of character even in early youth that, mainly by study at home and while not employed in farm duties, he succeeded in acquiring a good, practical education. Nor did this taste for the refining and elevating influence of learning desert him in later years. Through his whole life he was a devoted lover of literature and an unfaltering and ardent friend to general education. He supplied himself with an excellent library, in which many of his happiest hours were spent, and when he became surrounded by a family of children he was careful that they should not suffer for the want of opportunities, as far as his means would justify, to qualify themselves for the active duties of life; But while he was more than ordinarily attached to letters, he was also a man of the world — industrious and restlessly enterprising, and above all, just and generous in his dealings with men. Having been brought up on a farm, not unnaturally much of his after life was de- voted to agricultural pursuits, although trading and public affairs claimed a large share of his attention, and later he became exten- sively interested in railroad matters. In a business point of view his life was a marked success, and as a man and neighbor, as a citizen and public officer, none around him stood higher than he. Having lived a life of nearly three score and ten years in one community — a life of unusual activity — he died without a known enemy, sadly re- gretted by a wide circle of friends and acquaintances and deeply mourned by family and relatives. His unyielding honesty, his gen- erosity and hospitality, his open, frank and candid bearing, his kind- ness for all, both in word and deed, shone forth with undiminished brightness from the morning until the closing hour of his life. That such a man was popular with those around him, it is needless to say. And possessed of unusual ability, and industrious and enter- prising almost to a fault, his success in life followed as a matter of course. His public spirit and earnest interest in all matters relating to the general welfare made him always a leader in movements de- signed for the public good, and thus, when the railroad interests be- came matters of importance to the people, he was naturally called upon to take a prominent and responsible position in the management of the road then projected, now the Missouri, Kansas and Texas, for the final success of which the public is largely indebted to his fore- sight and resolution. Colonel Elliott's father, John Elliott, was born and reared in Virginia, and when quite young came to Kentucky with his father's family and settled in Madison county. There he after- wards married Miss Polly Glasgow, and in 1811 they removed to Howard county, making the entire journey on horseback, bringing HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 503 their bedding, cookingutensils, etc., with them. This fact illustrates one of the strong points in his character — unfaltering resolution — so conspicuously shown in the life of his son. Coming here at so early a day, John Elliott bore a leading and brave part in the Indian wars that followed. As a man and as a citizen he was exceptionally popular, but had no taste for public life and steadily refused the many solicitations of his friends to enter the sphere of politics. Colonel Elliott's first diversion from farm duties was when quite a young man. Full of enterprise, he was naturally attracted to the business of stock driving to the south, and made as many as thirteen trips to that sec- tion with mules and horses for the southern markets. His wide pop- ularity advanced him to many leading positions in local and public affairs. Politically he rose from the position of a justice of the peace in 1837, when quite a young man, to that of representative of his county in the legislature in 1852, holding, in the meantime, other re- sponsible offices, among which was that of sheriff for two terms, from 1848 to 1852. In 1838 he was elected captain of a company enlisted against the Mormons, and subsequently became commander of the expedition that expelled them from the state. In October, 1839, he was elected major of the 14th regiment, 1st brigade, Missouri state militia, and in the fall of 1840 was made lieutenant-colonel of that regiment, which was then of the 1st division, Missouri state militia. His prominence in public enterprises was well recognized, and in 1869 he was made a director of the Tebo and Neosho railroad, now the Mis- souri, Kansas and Texas, in which he served with great ability for five years, and in 1872 he was made a director of the Boonville bridge company, the position he held at the time of his death. Colonel El- liott was twice married. His first wife, formerly Miss Elizabeth Wilkerson, was taken from him by death, and six accomplished and beautiful daughters, the children of that union, all of whom grew to womanhood, also passed away. Miss Martha W. Stewart, daughter of Hugh and Elizabeth Stewart, became his second wife. She still survives her lamented husbaud, and six sons and two daughters of this marriage are living. JAMES R. ESTILL. Mr. Estill, on the father's side, is of Scottish origin, the founder of the family in this country, having come over from Scotland prior to the revolution.* His grandfather, Captain James Estill, was one of the early settlers of Kentucky, to which he emigrated as early as 1780. The following extract concerning his life in that state is taken from Collin's Kentucky: " Captain James Estill, in honor of whom Estill county was named, was a native of Augusta county, Virginia. He came to Kentucky at an early period and settled on Muddy creek, in the present county of Madison, where he built a station which re- ceived the name of Estill's station. In 1781, in a skirmish with the Indians, he received a rifle shot in one of his arms by which it was broken. In March, 1782, with a small body of men, about twenty- 504 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. five, it is believed, he pursued a similar number of Wyandotts across the Kentucky river and into Montgomery county ; there he fought one of the severest and most bloody battles on record when the num- ber of men on both sides are taken into account. Captain Estill and his brave Lieutenant South, were both killed in the retreat which succeeded. ' Thus fell,' says Captain Morehead in his Boonsboro address, ' Captain James Estill, one of Kentucky's bravest and most beloved defenders.' " He was only thirty-two years of age when he fell in defence of the state by the bullet of the savage. He was mar- ried in Virginia, to a Miss Campbell, by whom he had five children. Wallace Estill, James E.'s father, was in his infancy at the time of his father's jdeath. He was reared to habits of industry by his mother, and when he reached manhood had acquired a good education and was a practical surveyor. He was twice married. His first wife, Miss Mary Hardin, daughter of Colonel Hardin, survived their mar- riage only about three months. About five years afterwards he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Kodes, a prominent business man and a large farmer of Madison county. From this union five sons and a daughter were reared. Between 1815 and 1819, he visited Missouri several times, buying lands in Howard and Boone counties. On one of these visits he, with some others, laid off the town of Columbia, the present county seat of Boone county. Though he often expressed a purpose so to do, he never settled in Missouri, but continued to reside in his native state until his death, which occurred in Madison county. His wife preceded him to the grave about five years. Early in life they both connected themselves with the Baptist church, but after the Christian denomination was established they united with that church, with which they ever after- wards held the closest and most exemplary relationship. James R. Estill, the subject of this memoir, was born in Madison county, Ken- tucky, January 30th, 1819. He was reared to manhood in his native county and there afterwards served as sheriff two years. In 1843, he came to Howard county, and here, two years subsequently, purchased 460 acres of land on which he still resides. This purchase embraced the farms improved by Drake, Brown and Cooley. Some of it has been in cultivation since 1816, sixty-seven years, and is said to be as productive now as when first broken. His farm, however, at this time, contains 1,450 acres, all finely improved and in excellent condi- tion. What is not in cultivation is in grass, either blue grass, clover or timothy. He has several large orchards — one Of fifteen acres, devoted to a single variety of fruit exclusively, the "Ben Davis" apple. He also feeds for the markets several hundred head of cattle every season. Mr. Estill now owns in this county about 2,800 acres of land. He also owns large amounts of real estate in Chariton and Saline counties, and valuable property in the city of St. Louis, besides his landed interests in Kentucky. As a citizen he is as useful to the county and as public-spirited as he has been successful in his private affairs. But he has never sought office nor aspired to any position of prominence except as a leader in the development of the resources of HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 505 the county, and in this he has taken conspicuous and active parts. He was prominently identified with the movement that resulted in the construction of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railway through this county, and contributed as much and perhaps more than any other citizen of the county to that result. In recognition of zeal for this enterprise and of his special fitness for the position, he was appointed agent for the county by the county court, to manage its stock sub- scribed to the road. And in further recognition of his services in this enterprise, Estill station, on the road in this county, was estab- lished and named in his honor. His chief ambition has been to make himself a useful citizen, and to contribute his share toward the material development and social elevation of the community in which his life and fortune have been cast. He is a steadfast friend of education and of every movement that tends to enlighten or ameliorate the condition of the people. As a farmer and stock raiser he belongs to the ad- vanced progressive school that believes in farming on intelligent princi- ples and raising none but the best class of stock. Such has been his business and social life — his life as a citizen. Mr. Estill was united in marriage to Miss Mary Turner, daughter of Talton and Sallie Turner, March 20th, 1845. Eight children were born as the fruit of this union, four of whom are still living: Wallace, married and set- tled in Franklin township ; Ellen, William E. and Mary C. Alice died about six months after her marriage to Mr. Lewis C. Nelson, son of James Nelson, of Boonville, and at the time a banker in Fort Scott, Kansas. The others died in infancy. Talton Turner, the . father of Mrs. Estill, was a native of Kentucky, but came to Missouri in an early day, and for many years was one of the leading citizens and traders' of central Missouri. He was a practical surveyor also, and surveyed several counties of this part of the state for the govern- ment. He was a man of more than ordinary ability, enterprising and energetic, and was a leader among the men of his time. WALLACE ESTILL, of Estill & Elliott, breeders of thoroughbred and high grade Aberdeen- Angus and high grade Hereford and Shorthorn cattle, Estill. One of the enterprising citizens and business men of Howard county is Wal- lace Estill of the above firm. He is a son of James E. Estill, of whom mention is made elsewhere, and was born and reared in this county. Being the son of such a father, it goes without saying that he had the best advantages in youth, educational and otherwise, ample means and good judgment could afford. In boyhood he always occu- pied a seat in the neighborhood schools, and later on he entered the higher institutions of learning. He first attended Kemper's well known school, and subsequently enjoyed the advantages afforded by the schools of Lexington, Kentucky. After his school days were over he returned home and engaged in farming and raising and deal- ing in blooded stock, which he has since followed. However, he be- gan his present business, breeding and dealing in Aberdeen-Angus 506 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. cattle, ill 1878. As an intelligent, broad-minded stockman he has been studying the adaptability of the different breeds of cattle to our climate, grasses, etc., for a number of years, and as the result of careful investi- gation and a thorough knowledge of all the conditions entering into the consideration of the matter, has become convinced that the Angus breed is incomparably preferable to all others. This conviction was strongly fortified by the fact that a representative of this breed was awarded the premium at the world's exposition in Paris, France, in 1878, as the best beef producing stock of cattle in the whole cata- logue of thoroughbred and high grade animals. Since then they have grown in popularity everywhere with wonderful rapidity, and nowhere so fast as in the west, from the fact that our climate and feed seems to be better adapted to them than the climate or feed of any other country ; and hence Mr. Estill and his partner have begun their busi- ness with great energy and on a large scale. Believing, as he says, that " the best is always the cheapest," he has spared no time, pains or money to get the very finest quality of Aberdeen-Angus stock that can be had in Europe. The nature of this work forbids us from entering into the details of his herds, but suffice it to say that he has one of the, finest selections of stock, if not the very finest, in Missouri. Mr. Estill also owns 590 acres in a high state of cultiva- tion. He was born in this county April 6, 1849, and on the 16th of May, 1871, was married to Miss Ettie Forbis, a most excellent and accomplished lady, also of this county. She is a daughter of James B. Forbis and wife, Mary, whose family name prior to her marriage was Hurt. Mr. and Mrs. Estill have a family of four bright children : Alice, Florence, Wallace and Clifton R. He and his, wife are both members of the Christian church. WILLIAM E. ESTILL. One of the most progressive, enterprising and intelligent young farmers and stock raisers in Howard county, is Mr. Estill, the sub-, jectof this sketch. He is a son of James R. Estill, of this county,, who has been as prominently identified with its development and! prosperity as any man in it. James R. was born in Howard county* Missouri, March 20, I860. He had a thorough preparatory course, in the elementary schools, after which he entered Kemper's well known school in Boonville, where he applied himself with great res- olution and energy. Subsequently he entered Central college in Fayette, and there took a useful and profitable course in the more, advanced studies, thus rounding up a substantial and practical educa-^ tion. Having been reared on the farm, to the farm his tastes uatur-' ally inclined him, and accordingly, after his college course, he directed) his whole attention to agricultural interests. He has a splendid farm, of 720 acres. He makes a specialty of blooded stock of all kinds, and there are few farms in central Missouri that can present a finer array of the best class of stock than may be seen on his place. Mr. E. is quite, yet and, with the enterprise and public spirit he has HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 507 evinced, he will doubtless prove a valuable citizen to Howard county — worthy to bear the name he inherits from one of the most useful citizens the county has ever had. He is a member of the Masonic order. W. W. GKAY. The Gray family, to which the subject of this sketch belongs, has been represented in each of the three principal wars of this country — the revolution, the war of 1812, and the civil war. Eichard Gray, the grandfather of W. W., was a soldier under General Washington in the struggle for independence, and crossed the Delaware with him on that memorable Christmas night, 1776, which resulted in the triumph at Trenton the following day. William, the father of W. W., was a soldier in the war of 1812, and W. W. himself, followed the intrepid Morgan, of Kentucky, in his perilous career through the late unhappy strife. Eobert Gray was a native of Virginia, but after the close of the revolutionary war emigrated to Kentucky, and was one of the first settlers of Fayette county in that state. His house occupied the site where the court house in Lexington now stands, and there William Gray, the father of W. W., was born — the first child born in the capital of Kentucky. The mother of W. W., before her marriage to William Gray, was a Miss Maria Lamme, a lady of French extraction, her father having come over as a volunteer with Lafayette, and remained here after the close of the war, where he married and reared a family. W. W. Gray was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, February 10, 1837. He was reared in his native county, and after a thorough course in the primary and intermediate schools, entered the State university, from which he was duly grad- uated in 1854. He followed farming in Kentucky until 1867, when he removed to Howard county, where he has since lived and continued to follow his chosen occupation — farming. He has an excellent farm in a good state of improvement and cultivation. In 1857 — July 14 — he was married to Miss Harriet Redd, of Fayette county, Kentucky, and they now have four children living — Ida, Archie, Marv and Birdie. Mr. G. is a member of the Christian church and of the A. O. U. W. H. C. HAWKINS was born and reared in Howard county, and has followed farming all his life. His father came to this county in an early clay and settled in Franklin township, where he made his permanent home. H. C, the subject of this sketch, was born in that township, September 10, 1825, and in youth received a good common school education. He was married March 4, 1855, to Miss Lavinia Alexander, and they have five children living — Mary, William B., Sarah C, Judith F. and John F. He owns an excellent farm of 230 acres. His orchard is one of the best in the township and contains a large variety of ex- 508 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. cellent fruit trees. His parents were both natives of Kentucky, but spent most of their lives in the state of their adoption — Missouri. His father, William Hawkins, died July 8, 1845, and his mother, whose name before her marriage, was Lydia T. Francis, died in 1860. John L. Hawkins, brother of H. C, served through the Florida war. o THOMAS J. HEATH, son of Judge W. R. Heath and wife, Mary P., whose maiden name was Turpin, was born in Howard county, Missouri, July 29, 1851. Mr. H. was reared on his father's farm, in this county, and was edu- cated in the common schools of the towii of New Franklin. He be- gan active life Avhen a young man by engaging in merchandising, which he followed one year. Afterwards, in 1872, he went to Cali- fornia and farmed there a season, and then returned to Howard county, and here he has since given his attention exclusively to farm- ing and stock trading. He is a capable, enterprising business man, and thus far his career has been a successful one. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. JOHN G. HERNDON. Mr. Herndon was twenty-three years of age when he bid good- bye to his 6ld home and the friends and acquaintances of his boyhood in the Old Dominion, in 1838, and started for the more inviting fields of labor on the Missouri river. On reaching this section, he first set- tled a short distance northwest of Glasgow, in this county, where he engaged in farming, but eight years afterwards he moved to this place, where he now lives. He has a large farm of 400 acres, well stocked and well improved. His place is an excellent stock farm on account of its adaptation to grass of all kinds and its water facilities. Mr. Herndon was born in Goochland county, Virginia, July 8, 1815. His father, James, was also a native of Virginia, as was his grandfather, John Herndon. His mother's name before her marriage was Nancy Perkins, and she was of the same state. John G. received a good practical education in his native county before coming to Missouri. On the 6th of November, 1837, he was married to Miss Lucy Strange, of Sullivan county, Virginia, where she was born November 23, 1819. Thev have five children — Gideon S., William J., John H., Birdie and Maggie C. Do G. S. HERNDON. Mr. Herndon was reared in this county, his parents having im- migrated here when he was an infant, and having been brought up on the farm, he adopted that as his permanent occupation, which he has since followed except about three years, between 1863 and 1865, that he spent in the mines of California. He owns an excellent farm of 100 acres, well improved, and is regarded as a successful, enterpris- ing and energetic farmer. On the 21st of November, 1868, he was mar- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 509 ried to Miss Mary E. Stewart, an excellent and worthy lady, and- they now have five children — Bettie L., Emma, Carrie, Susan and Gabe. Mr. H. is a member of the A. O. U. W His post-office is Franklin, Howard county, Missouri. WILLIAM HOCKEK. For nearly thirty years, from 1832 to 1860, William Hocker fol- lowed school teaching in Howard county. His parents came to this state in an early day, in 1824, when William was but ten years old, and he was reared on his father's farm. In those days not all the young men enjoyed good school advantages in their youth, and the subject of this sketch was one of them that did not. He only at- tended school a few months, but by study at home he acquired a better education than most of the others did who had good school advantages, so that at the age of eighteen years he was well qualified to commence teaching. He made teaching his regular occupation, and followed it until he was able to fix himself on a farm comfortably for life. He has followed farming since 1860, and has a splendid place of 600 acres in an excellent state of cultivation and improve- ment. He was born in Lincoln county, Kentucky, September 8, 1814. His father, William Hocker, and his mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Allnutt, were both natives of Maryland. They emi- grated to Lincoln county, Kentucky, in 1790, and there reared a family of nine children, of whom William, Jr., was the eighth. They came to Howard county in 1824, and here the father died July 12, 1849, and the mother November 19, 1852. When the war broke out iu 1861, Mr. H. identified himself with the south, and was taken pris- oner subsequently and sentenced to be shot, but made his escape from the detail of soldiers ordered to shoot him — under the fire, however, of the whole posse. On the 7th of April, 1836, he was married to Miss Margaret, daughter of Philip Turner, of Howard county. She was born in this county November 24, 1819. They have six children living — William R., Gerard C, Juliet B. (now Mrs. Wm. Moons), Hattie H. (now Mrs. Jack White), Emma G. (now Mrs. S. L. Hig- gins), and Ina. Philip Turner, the father of Mrs. Hocker, died April 22, 1827, and her mother January 28, 1856. Her mother's maiden name was Miss Brezell Hyatt, and both her parents were na- tives of Kentucky and came to Missouri in 1815. Mr. Hocker is a member of the I. O. O. F. and of the Christian church. MAJ. H. H. HUGHES, a soldier of three wars, and one of the most successful farmers of Howard county, now passed the allotted age of three score and ten years, is living in the slippered ease of retirement from all the active labors of life, blessed with a well preserved mind and body, and respected by all who know him. He is a native of Kentucky, but his home has been in Missouri for more than sixty years. His father, Samuel Hughes, and family, settled in this state from Kentucky, in 34 510 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1820. They first open what is now known as the home farm of Col-, onel J. K. Estill, and there the son was principally reared. At the age of twenty-two, in 1834, he enlisted in the 1st Missouri regiment and was made major of the regiment. Afterwards the regiment went into quarters ha Jefferson barracks, and thence it was sent to Jackson barracks, New Orleans. From there ikentered into active service in the Florida war, in which it continued until the authority of the gov- ernment had been established in that peninsula. Subsequently it did service against the Seminoles in the Carolina and Georgia war, after which it was mustered out. In 1837, having been absent three years, Major Hughes returned home to Howard county, where he followed the peaceful and quiet life of a farmer until 1846. Then the hostile camp of the Mexicans was pitched under the shadow of the national ensign, and the brave sons of Missouri sprang to arms to make them honor its authority. Major Hughes was among the first to take up the march for the halls of the Montezumas. He was made captain of company G, under Colonel Doniphan, and followed the starry flag to the City of Mexico. At the conclusion of this war, he agaiu returned home and gave his attention to farming until 1861. Then he enlisted in the Confederate service and was made major of the 9th Missouri infantry, serving through the entire war, and finally stacking arms with the last to leave the field at Shreveport, Louisiana. In the three principal wars in which he did service (for he was in several Indian wars), viz. : the Florida, the Mexican and the civil, he was in many of the hardest fought battles, and received wounds in both the Florida and the civil wars. Notwithstanding he has been a soldier among the soldiers of this country, he has found time and proved the business ability to lead a successful career as a private citizen, and having by industry and intelligent management, accumulated an am- ple competence for old age, in order that the evening of his life might be passed in the most serene tranquility, he withdrew some years ago from all business cares, disposing of his farm, so that now he enjoys "An old age serene and bright And lovely as a Lapland night." Major Hughes was born in Jessamine county, Kentucky, October 11, 1812. His father was also a native of Kentucky, but his grand- father, Joseph, came from Virginia and settled, where Daniel, the father of H. H., was born and reared. Major Hughes' mother, before her marriage, was a Miss Nancy Price, of Kentucky, and to his father she bore ten children, of whom Major H. H. was the second. Both parents died in this state. In 1823 Major Hughes was married to Mrs. Sarah Davis, a widow lady, of Virginia. Mrs. Hughes, who before her first marriage, was a Miss Cobb, daughter of James Cobb, of Virginia, by her first husband had two children — Alice W., after- wards Mrs. Edwards, and Lena, afterwards Mrs. Crews. Mrs. C. died in 1880, leaving one child — Enoch Crews — now being reared by his grandparents. Major Hughes is now past seventy-one years old, but " Age sets gently on his brow." HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 511 DR. W. D. JACKSON. Dr. Jackson is a Virginian by birth and in that state he was reared and educated, receiving his medical education hi the Richmond Eclectic Medical college. He began the practice of his profession in 1836, in Louisa county of his native state, where he was born July 18, 1812. His literary education was obtained in the ordinary schools of the time and by private study at home. By close application to his books he became qualified, in the later years of his youth, to teach school, which he began and followed a number of years, thus obtaining the means upon which to prosecute his medical studies. His medical tutor was Dr. William Meredith, an able physician of Vir- ginia, under whom he studied several years. Dr. Jackson continued the practice of medicine in Louisa county from 1836 to 1845, when he came to West Virginia, where he located and practised about thir- teen years. From there, in 1858, he came to Missouri, settling in Franklin, of this county, and here he has since continued the practice of his profession. In 1832 he was married to Miss Eleanor Thompson, of Virginia, but she was taken from him by death in 1837, leaving him two children — Eobert and Mary. He was again married Decem- ber 10, 1838, Miss Mary E. Chewmug, originally of the same state, becoming his wife. She lived to gladden his home for nearly forty years, but on the 12th of November, 1877, fell to sleep in death. She left one child — Anna V. Dr. Jackson was the third time mar- ried in 1878 ; Mrs. Felicia Agnew, widow of John Agnew, became Ms third wife. She was the daughter of Hawkins and Sallie Slaughter Brown, of this county, and was born in West Virginia, March 15, 1828. LILBURN S. KINGSBURY, deceased. "Death comes to all. His cold and sapless hand Waves o'er the world, and beckons us away." In the meridian of life and the vigor of manhood Lilburn S. Kingsbury was suddenly cut off. He was born in this county Decem- ber 13, 1838, and here yielded up his spirit to the Giver, May II, 1877. Though his life was a short one, it was an unusually active one, and, what is better than all else, it was such that when his sum- mons came he was not unprepared to receive it. He was reared on his father's farm, in this county, and under that good man, Dr. Kingsbury, no less respected and esteemed as a neighbor than loved and venerated as a father, he was brought up to habits of industry, frugality and Christian morality. Hence the life he led was without a stain, and the name he left his children they may very gladly bear. Lilburn S. had good school and college advantages, and when he left the college walls he was well prepared to enter upon the active duties .of life. °He firsf, engaged in farming in this county, which he fol-, lowed until 1864, when he went to Montana. There he gave his attention to the stock business, and continued in that for two years. 512 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. In 1866 he returned to his old home in Howard county, but only to remain a couple of years, for, in 1868, he was attracted to Texas by the opportunities there offered for the profitable exercise of enter- prise and ability in almost every line of business. He engaged in beef packing, and also in the manufacture of ice in Victory, of that state, and was rewarded with satisfactory success in both enterprises. In 1871 he again returned to this county, this time to remain until the sands of his life ran out ; for " There is a strange something planted in man To bind him to that earth in dearest ties From whence he drew his birth." Here he was occupied with farming and stock raising, and was in the very noontide of success when his summons came, and he entered upon that rest, that — " Sinless, stirless rest, that never changes." Mr. Kingsbury left a wife and five children to mourn his loss. On the 20th of February, 1861, he was married to Miss Minnie E., daughter of W. J. and Elizabeth Gerhardt Smith of this county. She was born February 23, 1842. Their children are Ferdinand D., Lillian A., Bessie, William W. and Ophelia M. He was a member of the Masonic order and of the I. O. G. T. He was also an exem- plary member of the M. E. church south. DK. HORACE KINGSBURY, deceased. Dr. Kingsbury lived a useful and honorable life and died a Chris- tian death. No nobler epitaph can be written for the dead. Yet this his memory deserves, and it but tells in modest phrase the real worth of the man. He was born in Randolph county, North Caro- lina, April 7, 1813. When four years of age he was brought by his parents to Howard county, who immigrated here in 1817. Here he was reared and educated, and after reaching manhood studied medi- cine. In 1846 and 1847 he attended medical college in Cincinnati, and was graduated with distinction from the Eclectic medical insti- tution, of that city. Besides being a physician he was a farmer, and soon took rank with the foremost farmers of the county. With his farm and stock interests, and his large practice in the surrounding country, his life- was an unusually active and busy one. But he was also a man of great enterprise and more than ordinary sagacity. He began farming in the Missouri river bottom a short distance above Old Franklin. In that district were situated some of the finest lands in Missouri, but at that time much of them was overflowed, but he conceived the idea of drainins; them on a large scale. The means of no one man was adequate to the enterprise, so he obtained an act of incorporation from the legislature authorizing him and others, whom he had induced to join him, to undertake the work. He was made the president of the company, and the scheme proved an eminently, successful one. Thousands of acres of the finest class of lands were reclaimed, which have since yielded up their annual harvests of grain HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 513 to their possessors — tributes to his sagacity and enterprise. He be- gan farming with 160 acres of overflowed land ; for many years before his death he had over 2,000 acres of the rich alluvial soil of the Mis- souri, in cultivation — two as handsome farms as ample means and good taste could make — and this notwithstanding he lost heavily by the war ; more, in fact, than an ordinary fortune. Though blessed with a competence of this world's goods, sorrow was not a stranger in his heart and home, for — There is a Reaper whose name Is Death, And with his sickle keen He reaps the bearded grain at a breath And the flowers that grow between. In 1832 he was united in marriage to Miss Eliza Brashear, a noble and true woman, daughter of Judson Brashear, an old settler of the county, but in 1857 she fell to sleep to wake no more in this life. He married again some years afterwards, Mrs. Isabina, widow of David Allen, deceased, becoming his second wife ; but she, too, was taken from him and laid to rest in 1864. On the 3d day of June, 1880, Dr. Kingsbury himself passed away, surrounded by friends and loved ones and mourned by all who knew him. His third wife, for- merly Miss Mary A. Chandler, a most excellent and worthy lady, still survives him, and now resides on the farm where her husband lived and died. For forty years of his life Dr. Kingsbury was a pro- fessor of religion and an active, earnest worker in the church. In 1840 he joined the Methodist church south at Clark's chapel, in this countv, and became a trustee in the congregation to which he be- longed, and which then erected its first church building. In that position he continued until his death. His church-life was faithful and sincere, and his death was a noble testimony of the comforting power of the Christian's faith. He was a member of the county court when he died. L. L. KINGSBUEY. As were in Dr. Horace Kingsbury, the brother of L. L., so in L. L. Kingsbury himself are combined the enterprising, progressive and energetic qualities of the New Englander, and the generous, hospit- able and liberal-minded ideas of the Southerner. And withal, the Kingsbury's represent in an eminent degree the sturdy, frugal charac- teristics of the Hollanders, for there is also a strong Hollander element in their family. That such men would succeed in life, was, and is but natural to be expected. Mr. Kingsbury owns 300 acres of splendid land, and his farm is one of the best improved in the county. He is a systematic, neat, business-like farmer. He has a flock of over 700 head of fine merino sheep, and of sheep raising he makes a specialty. L. L. Kingsbury was born in Howard county, Missouri, August 12th, 1824. "He is a son of Jerre Kingsbury, a native of Massachusetts, and his wife Elizabeth, of Randolph county, North Carolina, whose name before her marriage was Scotton, a lady of Dutch extraction. A sketch of the parents will be found in the 514 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. memoir of Dr. Kingsbury, elsewhere in this volume. However, it is worthy, in addition to what is there said, to mention that Joseph Kingsbury, the grandfather of L. L., lived to the advanced age of 109 years. Jerre, the son of Joseph, and father of L. L., was born in 1785, and died April 12th, 1863, aged seventy-eight years. His wife, Elizabeth Scotton Kingsbury, was born in 1789, and died in May, 1852, aged sixty-three years. Jerre Kingsbury came to this county with his family in 1816, and remained in Fort Hempstead the first winter, and in the spring of 1818, bought a claim in Franklin township where he made his home. There L. L. was born August 12th, 1824, and grew to manhood on his father's farm, and received a good, practical, elementary education. On reaching manhood, his father then being far advanced in years, he took charge of the old homestead and carried on the business of the farm with energy and excellent success. On the 16th of January, 1849, he was married to Miss Catherine Boggs, a native of Washington county, this state, she having been born there February 28th, 1829. They have four chil- dren living: John A., Edwin F., married Miss Lou Wilhite ; Katie L. and Noah. Mr. and Mrs. Kingsbury are both members of the Baptist church. R. T. KINGSBURY. The fact that Mr. Kingsburv was a son of Dr. Horace Kings- bury, is some assurance, at least, that he is a good citizen, honorable, intelligent and enterprising. And so he is. He is a man on whose name no reproach has fallen. Besides, he is one of the progressive, business-like farmers of the county. He was born in Howard county, Missouri, July 25th, 1848, and was reared on his father's farm. He had good advantages to acquire a practical education in his youth which he did not fail to improve. He attended the common schools, and also took a course in Kemper's well-known and excellent school in Boonville. He has a neat farm of 156 acres of good land, and be- sides giving his attention to general farming makes a specialty of growing fruit for the markets. He has an orchard of fifty acres of choice fruit, and he is still increasing his fruit industry. Mr. Kings- bury has been twice married'. First, to Miss Sallie D. Smith, March 2d, 1870, but she survived their marriage only a year, passing away March 17th, 1871. He was again married April 21st, 1872, Miss Alice V. Smith, becoming his second wife. They have five children: Horace, William, Ernest, Robert and Sallie. Mr. Kingsbury is a school director of his district, and is a consistent member of the M. E. church south. He is also a member of Howard Lodge, No. 4, A. F. and A. M., and a Knight Templar. JOHN LEE. That the subject of this sketch is a Lee, and a native of Virginia, is a suflicient assurance that he is one of the best men in the county. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 515 The purity of character and modest worth of the Lee family, is re- cognized wherever American history is read. And whether in public or in private life, point to a Virginia Lee, and you will point to a man whose name is as unsullied as polished steel. John Lee was born near Eichmond, Virginia, March 5, 1816. He was a son of John Lee, the elder, and the grandson of Joel Lee, both also natives of Virginia. His father was a soldier under Washington. His mother's maiden name was Susan Owens. In 1819, the family — the elder John Lee, his wife, Susan, and three children — came to Missouri, and settled in Old Franklin, this county, where John, Jr., was reared and educated. Early in youth, he evinced a preference for life on a farm. Accord- ingly, he has followed farming, and stock, raising and dealing, ever since he attained to manhood. He has gone steadily forward in his modest. way, adding to his possessions, year by year, until now he is one of the wealthy men of the county. Besides large stock inter- ests, and other property, he has 1,000 acres of as fine land as there is on the Missouri river, and his farm of 500 acres is one of the best improved places in Howard county. Mr. Lee has been married three times. He was first married to Miss Matilda Graham, April 12, 1842 ; she died in March, 1843. He was again married, in August, 1847, to Miss Mary Bailey, who lived twenty-nine years to cheer and com- fort his life, but finally passed away, leaving three children — Samuel C, Ida V. (Mrs. Ed. Swinney, of Rich Hill), and Sallie (Mrs. C. Thompson). Mr. L. was the third time married, October 7, 1877, to Miss Susan Talbot. They have three children — John, Holman and Martha. Mr. Lee is a member of the Christian church, also of the Masonic order, and of the I. O. O. F. In every relation in life, he is an upright and honorable man. JOHN W. LEE. Mr. Lee's parents were among the earliest settlers of Howard county. His father, A. H., and mother, whose name before her mar- riage was Susan H. Wilcoxson, were both natives of Kentucky, ' but came to this county in early life, and here reared their family. John W. was born July 6, 1832, and was brought up to the occupation of a farmer, which he has since followed. In the common schools he received a good substantial education, and since he has been engaged in the active business affairs of life, he has been called to serve the people in the responsible office of justice of the peace. He has a neat farm of ninety acres, all in cultivation, and well improved. Novem- ber 24, 1851, he was married to Miss Alice P. Blankenbaker, an ex- cellent lady, a native of the Old Dominion. They have six children — James A., M. M., L. L., Samuel C, Emma A., and Charles F. Mr. L. is a member of the A. O. U. W., I. O. 0. F., and of the M. E. church squth. R. A. LLOYD, painter, was born in New Franklin, Howard county, Missouri, Jan- uary 24th, 1851. He is a son of Pleasant H., born in North Carolina, 516 , HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. August 21st, 1823. The father came to Howard count}' in 1835, and worked at the wagon-maker's business until his death, which occurred November 3d, 1875. He was married September 6th, 1848, to Miss A. Battou, who was born in Orange county, Virginia, February 10th, 1833. Six children were reared of this marriage: Thomas B., Eobert A., Sarah A., Mary R., John and William E. J. The father was a consistent member of the Christian church for many of the later years of his life and died in that communion. Mrs. Lloyd is also a member of the same denomination. R. A., the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in this county, and early learned the painter's trade which he has since followed. WILLIAM H. LONG. Except two years spent in California, during the gold excitement in that state, Mr. Long has followed farming all his life, and his career as a farmer has been a decidedly successful one. His farm contains 320 acres and the improvements are of a very superior class, the residence alone — a brick house — costing over $6,000. Mr. Long is a native of this county, having been born here November 24th, 1828. His parents were both from Kentucky, but came to this county among the first settlers. Reuben Long, his father, was an energetic, successful farmer, and his wife, the mother of Wm. H., was Mary Hocker. Wm. H., the second of a family of seven children, was given a good practical education in the common schools of the neighborhood. In 1858 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Brashear, and six years afterwards she was taken from him by the grim de- stroyer, Death, leaving him four children, Annie M., EfEe, Delia and Willie. Five years more dragged their slow length through his lonely home, and then it was again brightened by the tender love of woman — wife. In December, 1869, Miss L. A. McCauley, became his wife, and to them three children have been born : Luella, Ida and Emmett. Mr. Long is a member of the Christian church and of the Masonic order. REUBEN LONG. Mr. Long, besides being a leading farmer of the county, for his farm ranks among the best and most important, gives special atten- tion to breeding and raising fine cattle. His herd includes some as fine stock as there is in central Missouri, for he makes it a point to spare no time or expense in securing 1 the finest blood that can be had. He is a progressive, enterprising stock man and as such, well deserves mention in this volume. He was the sixth of a family of seven children reared by Reuben Long, the elder, and wife Nancy A. , a native of Kentucky. Reuben, Jr., was born in Howard county, Missouri, July 27th, 1838. His father was a well-to-do farmer and a man of intelligence, who gave his children good opportunities to qualify theihselves for the business duties of life. Young Reuben had the benefit not only of the common schools in his neighborhood, but he HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 517 also took a course in the State university, thus acquiring an excellent education. After returning from the university, he taught school awhile, but soon gave his attention to farming, which he has since fol- lowed. His farm contains 325 acres, and is a model stock farm. He was married June 18th, 1863, to Miss Nannie, daughter of John Knaus, of this county, and now has a family of six children: Wm. E., Birdie B., John, James N., Dora D. and Walter T. In 1846, Mr. Long enlisted in the Mexican war in Captain Singleton's company, raised in this county, but did service only a short time. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. THOMAS P. LONG, another son of Eeuben Long, Sr., and wife, Nancy Hocker Long, is also a farmer by occupation, and was born in Howard county, Mis- souri, April 10, 1836. He was reared on his father's farm, in this county, and was educated in the common schools* of the neighbor- hood. In 1861 he enlisted in the Confederate army, becoming or- derly sergeant in Captain Major's company, and served until 1863, when he was honorably discharged. He was in a number of hard- fought battles, among the rest those of Boonville, Lexington, Carthage and Pea Ridge. On the 10th of September, 1870, he was married to Miss J. Turner, of Howard county. They have six children — Turner, Reuben, Arthur, Clara, Hattie and Buford. Mr. L. owns a farm of 150 acres. GABRIEL LONG, five years deputy sheriff and three years deputy assessor of Howard county, is one of the substantial farmers and highly respected citizens of the county. He was born in this county April 21, 1834. His 'parents were both natives of Kentucky, but came to this county in early life, where they afterwards lived and reared their family. Gabriel was brought up on the farm and received a good educa- tion from the common schools, but after reaching manhood learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed some time. However, he made farming his permanent occupation, and this he has followed with excellent success. In connection with Mr. Ira C. Darby, the partnership of Long & Darby own a fine farm of 314 acres of well improved land. As has been suggested, Mr. L. was appointed dep- uty sheriff, and held that position five years, and at a different time was appointed to and held the office of deputy assessor three years. He is a member of the Christian church, and besides being an exem- plary church member and a popular citizen, is a good man. A. L. McCOLLOUGH, a prominent farmer and stock raiser of Howard county, is of Irish descent, his father, John McCollough, having come over to this coun- try from the Emerald Isle of the sea early in life and settled in Ohio. 518 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. There the sou, A. L., was reared and received an excellent education from the unsurpassed public schools of the Buckeye state. And, what is of hardly less importance, he learned the thorough system of farming, which has made Ohio one of the first states of the union, and which distinguishes an Ohio farmer wherever he is found. With these advantages, and placed on rich Howard county land — better even than that which he was used to in his native state — Mr. McCol- lough was not long in going to the front among the leading farmers of this county. He has 600 acres of land of a quality that produces from fifty to seventy-five bushels of corn, or from twenty to thirty- five bushels of wheat per acre. His home place contains 380 acres, - and has a splendid class of improvements on it, including a brick res- idence and other buildings in accordance. Much of his land is set in blue grass, and he also grows clover, timothy, etc. His farm is well stocked, and some of his stock is of the best quality. Especially is this true of his. merino sheep, which are of an extra breed. Mr. McC. was born in' Jefferson county, Ohio, June 27, 1822, and lived in that state until 1872, when he came to Howard county. His mother, whose maiden name was Jane Kichey, like her husband, is a native of Ireland, but came to America when quite young, about 1804. On the 27th of March, 1843, Mr. McCollough was married to Miss B. Hammond, of Ohio, a good and true woman and wife, but two years ago, January 11, 1881, she was taken from him by death, leaving him seven children living — David, Mary J., Harry, Belle, George, Charles and Margaret. Mr. McCollough is a consistent, exemplary member of the Episcopal church. EOBERT E. McGAVOCK, deceased. At his residence, in Franklin township, on the 11th day of May, 1875, died Eobert E. McGavock, a leading farmer and highly re- spected citizen, of Howard county. Mr. McGavock came to this county thirty-six years ago, when a young man twenty-one years of age, since which he continued to reside here until the day of his death. He was born in Breckenridge county, Kentucky, July 7, 1826, and was there reared and educated. Robert E. was a son of Robert McGavock, a native of West Virginia, and wife, Ann, daugh- ter of Colonel Thomas Hickman, but their married life was spent in Kentucky. Young McGavock was reared on his father's farm, but in youth enjoyed the advantages afforded by the country schopls, and in these received a good, practical education. Having been brought up to the occupation of a farmer, he naturally adopted that as his permanent calling and followed it without intermission through life. In 1847 he came to Missouri and settled in Howard county. On the 21st day of March, 1855, Mr. McGavock was married to Miss Matilda Bondurant, a most amiable and excellent young lady. But, alas ! " Death rides on every passing breeze And lurks in every flower." HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 519 In less than a year from the day she was made a bride, she was cold and still in death. She passed away the 4th of January, 1856. But a warm and tender nature cannot live without one to love, cannot live without being loved, and while the memory of the departed may be cherished as a sweet dream, too fair to last, yet there is that in us all that leads us to love again, as naturally as the flowers brighten in the morning sun after the chill of night is passed. On the 14th of February, 1857, Mr. McGavock was married again, Miss Sallie Crews, a daughter of Milton Crews, of this county, becoming his sec- ond and worthy and devoted wife. She was born in Madison county, Kentucky, August 8, 1839, but in company with her father's family was brought by him to this county in 1844. Their union was blessfed with seven children, five of whom remain to comfort their mother's widowhood — William C, James E, Eosa, Anna and Eobert L. Mr. McGavock served for a time as justice of the peace of his township, and at the time of his death was, as he had been for a number of years before, a consistent, exemplary member of the Christian church. In all the relations of life he was an upright, conscientious and God- fearing man. Wm. C. McGavock, son of the above, is largely interested in the raising of blooded stock, and his herd of Herefords is among the best in the county, embracing strains of the best families. GORDON C. McGAVOCK. Hugh McGavock was a native of Virginia, and when the revolu- tionary war broke out, he was one of the first to shoulder his gun in defence of his country. He followed the flag of the gallant young republic for seven long years, through dangers and hardships of un- told severity, until finally the shout of triumph went up from three millions of people, and was joyfully echoed around the world. Re- turning at the restoration of peace, he settled down in his native state, to the quiet but honorable and independent life of a farmer, and there reared a family. Among his other sons was Robert, the father of the subject of this sketch, who went to Kentucky in an early day. He settled in Breckenridge county of that state, and there lived until his death, rearing a family, of which Gordon C. was a member. Gordon's mother, before her marriage, was a Miss Ann Hickman, a Kentuckian by birth; she also died in Breckenridge county. Gordon was brought up on his father's farm in his native county, and in his youth acquired more than an average education among the young men of that day, both by close application to his books in school, and by study at home. Later on he studied civil engineering, and became proficient in that science, and subsequently followed the profession as a business until he came to Missouri in 1857. Arriving in this state, he settled in Howard county, and here he has since given his whole attention to farming, in which he has been successful. He has agood good place of 283 acres of land, and has it well improved. His orchard is an unusally good one, contain- 520 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ing many varieties of the rarest and best qualities of fruit, etc. Mr. McGavock was married to Miss Lucy Lewis, a young lady of Ken- tucky birth, December 14, 1859, and they have six children — John, Sallie, Mary, Louisa, Hugh and Eobert. He is a member of the Christian church. J. A. MAXWELL. Thomas Maxwell and his wife Elsie, a lady of Irish descent, whose maiden name was Jarvis, the grandparents of J. A. Maxwell were both natives of Virginia, but emigrated to Madison county, Kentucky, in an early day, where the first station in the county was named for Mr. Maxwell — "Maxwell's station." They lived in their adopted county, where they reared their family, until 1825, when they immigrated to Missouri, and settled in Howard county. The grandfather died the following year, but his wife survived him over thirty years, passing away at the residence of her son Robert, of Johnson county, Missouri, in 1858. Bozewell, another son of theirs, and father of J. A., was a youth about twelve years of age when they came to this county, and here, on reaching manhood, he married Miss Martha J. Dinwiddie, who died a number of years afterwards, leaving him three children. In 1852, he was again married, Miss Mary Gay becoming his wife, and of this union two children were reared, of whoin J. A., the subject of this sketch, was the younger. Mrs. Mary Maxwell died in this county June 1, 1882, and her hus- band followed her in death seven months afterwards, January 22, 1883. Both were for many years members of the Christian church. Mr. Maxwell was a strictly temperate man in all his habits, not using tobacco in any form, and he brought up his sons to the same manner of life. In the active duties of life, h« was industrious, energetic and a good manager, and many years before his death he had suc- ceeded in accummulating a comfortable estate. Besides an excellent farm, well improved and well stocked, he built, and was the owner of Maxwell mills, that do the grinding and sawing for a large district of country. J. A. Maxwell was born in Howard county, Missouri, November 25, 1854. He was reared on his father's farm in this county, and received-his education from the neighborhood schools of the time. He followed farming until 1880, when he engaged in mill- ing, in which he has met with excellent success. He owns a good farm of 213 acres comfortably and substantially improved. He is a member of the A- O. U. W. F. W. MICHELS, general merchant. Mr. Michels commenced in life without means or other help, and by industry, intelligent management, and persever- ance, has succeeded in accumulating an ample competence. He was born in Germany, September 9th, 1844. His father and mother were also both natives of that country. He was but nine years old when he landed in America, and from boyhood he grew up in Glasgow, in HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 521 this county. When still a youth ho commenced work at the tobacco trade, manufacturing cigars and plug tobacco, and this he followed in Glasgow until 1866. In 1866 he began business ou his own account in Glasgow, in which he continued until 1868, when he removed to Old Franklin, where he has since followed merchandising. From 1871 to 1873, however, he was in St. Louis. Excepting the time he was absent in St. Louis, no man has given closer attention to his store than has Mr. M. for the last seventeen years in Old Franklin ; nor has the reward of his merit been denied him. He is now one of the substantial business men of the county. In October (the 27th), 1877, he was married to Miss Anna Glazier, of Boonville, and they have one child living, Henry W. WILLIAM MILLER, deceased. The subject of this memoir was a native of Alabama, and was born June 5, 1836. Almost in the very dawn of life he was left an orphan by the death of his father, Samuel L. Miller, of that state, and he was brought with his mother and family to Madison county, Kentucky, when only two years old, where he was reared and after- Vards lived until he came to this state. He was eiven a thorough education, taking, besides courses in the common schools and the schools of New Castle, Kentucky, a course in Berthany college of Virginia. After his college course he engaged in farming. On the 27th of February, 1861, he was married to Miss Susan A. Chenault, a most estimable lady of Madison county, Kentucky, born March 1, 1842. Of this union nine children were born, eight now living: Samuel L., Tellitha C, Mary, Joe, Edwin, Laura, William, Waller. In 1877, Mr. Miller, with his family, immigrated to Missouri, and settled on a farm in Howard county, where he .subsequently died, September 10, 1880. Mrs. Miller still survives her late husband, and now makes her home with her son, Samuel L. Samuel L. was born in Madison county, Kentucky, December 24, 1861. The home farm ou which they reside consists of 320 acres of excellent land, well im- proved and' well kept and cultivated.. Mr. M. was a man whose life was just, from the beginning to the end. Although cut off in the very meridian of manhood, by industry and intelligent management he had succeeded in accumulating enough to place him beyond the reach of want in old age, if he had lived to enjoy it. This has been left to his family. " Leaves have their time to fall, And flowers to wither at the north wind's breath, And stars to set; but all — Thou hast all seasons for thine own, 0, Death!" MATHEW MULLINS. Mr. Mullins was reared in Howard county, in the pioneer days of the country, and he is now among the earliest and oldest inhabitants of the county. His parents came from Kentucky to Missouri in 1813, and stopping in St. Charles for a time, there his father died, leav- 522 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ing his mother a widow in a new country and among strangers. But having acquaintances in Howard county, she came to this county, where- her son was reared and where she afterwards lived and died. Brought up in those early days, when the monotony of the forests was broken only now and then by a " clearing " and a home, young Mullins naturally shared inmany adventures and not a few hardships incident to pioneer life. But suffice it to say that the influences by which his youth was surrounded went far to develop in him that strong character and spirit of enterprise which has since marked his career. Having been reared on a farm, he thus naturally acquired that taste for farm life, which controlled his choice of an occupa- tion for after years. But, although he became a farmer, he did not and could not confine his free spirit to following the plow alone, but he also entered upon the more animating and adventurous life of a stock dealer, and in this occupation has travelled through many southern states, supplying the markets of the land of cane and cotton with mules and horses^lbought up in the great corn regions of the west He has also visited the southern republic of Mexico. But whether as a farmer or stock dealer, in either occupation, his indus- try and enterprise have been rewarded with substantial success. He owns a farm of 160 acres of the best quality of land, and improved in' a substantial, thorough manner. Mr. Mullins was born in Madison county, Kentucky, April 28, 1813. His father, Bichard Mullins, was also a native of Kentucky, and his mother, before her marriage, was a Miss Susanna Woods, of that state. Mr. Mullins, the subject of this sketch, received an ordinary practical education in the schools of the neighborhood where he was reared, and he is a man of varied in- > formation and superior natural intelligence. He was married August 29, 1859, to Miss Mary A. Jackman of this county. Matthew Mul- lins is a good man, whose life has been useful and just. He is a mem- ber of the Christian church. BENJAMIN E. NANCE, a large land holder and leading farmer and stock dealer .of Howard county, was born and l-eared in Bedford county, Virginia, where he lived and followed farming until he came to this county in 1855. His grandfather, Kichard Nance, and his father, John, were both natives of the Old Dominion. The former was a soldier in the revo- lutionary war, and the latter was in the war of 1812. Mr. Nance's (B. E.'s) mother before her marriage was a Miss Martha Estiss, also of the same state. Mr. N. was born February 17, 1830, and was therefore twenty-five years of age when he came to Mis- souri. He now owns 1,427 acres of splendid land, well improved and well kept and cultivated in every way. He is a thoroughly live, enterprising and go-ahead business man, and ranks among the foremost citizens of the county. On the 24th of December, 1847, he was married to Miss Elizabeth R. Tinsley, a young lady of Virginia, and they now have two children living, Laura (Mrs. P. H. Burden), and Martha E. (Mrs. Thomas Jordan). HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 523 CHAELESF. OVERSTREET. Farmer, soldiering and merchandising have each claimed a share of Mr. Overstreet's time and energy since his youth. He is now engaged in farming, to which most of his life has been devoted, and has 1 a farm of 200 acres. He was born in Albemarle county, Virginia, February 28,1832. His father, William B., was a native of Virginia, as was also his grandfather, Charles Overstreet. Charles, his grandfather, was a soldier in the war for independence, and served in the revolu- tionary army until the close of that struggle. Mr. Overstreet's mother, before her marriage, was a Miss Sophia Harris, also of Vir- ginia, and his parents were married in that state. When the son, the subject of this sketch, was but four years old the family came to Missouri and settled in St. Charles county, where they remained until 1845. They then came on to Howard county and here young Overstreet was reared and educated in the common schools of the neighborhood. In 1854 Mr. Overstreet, the son, then being a young man twenty-two years of age, went to the town of New Franklin and engaged in the boot and shoe business, in which he continued until 1858. During the last named year he resumed farming, and this business he has since followed except the time he spent in the army. In 1861 he en- listed in the Missouri state guards under the call of Governor Jack- son, and served about three months. Again, in 1864, he enlisted under General Jo Shelby, and served under him until the surrender in 1865. Mr. Overstreet was married on the 14th of February, 1860, to Miss Rachel Swope, a Missouri lady by birth, and they have seven children, John H., Sophia E., Josephine, Charles F., Lou Ellen, Stonewall Jackson, Hugh Doniphan. DANIEL C. RAY. It is said that the three most important events in a man's life are his birth, marriage and death, -and that the most important of the three is the second. We shall not stop to philosophize on this, but shall state at once that Mr. Ray, the subject of this sketch, and one of the many good farmers and* citizens of Howard county, was mar- ried on the 14th of October, 1869, to Miss Hattie Ainsworth, a most excellent and worthy lady, who, so far as the happiness of her hus- band is concerned, has fully vindicated the truth of the proposition stated above. Mr. Ray is a farmer by occupation, and owns a neat, well-improved and well-kept place of eighty acres in. Franklin town- ship. He was born in this county April 5, 1848, and is now, there- fore, thirty-five years of age. His father, James Ray, was a native of Kentucky, but came to this county in an early day — in fact, was one of the pioneers in the county. Here he married Miss DociaCanole, a native of Tennessee. Daniel C. was brought up on his father's farm and received a good practical education in the neighborhood schools of the time. He is a member of the M. E. church south, and is now school director in his district. 524 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. WILLIAM J. SMITH, deceased. The subject of this memoir was born in Madison county, Virginia, August 22, 1808. He was a sou of "William Smith and wife, whose maiden name was Diana Yeager, both also natives of Virginia. Wil- liam J. grew up on his father's farm in Virginia. When eighteen years of age he went to Kentucky, where he continued until 1830, when he came to Missouri and settled on the farm where he subse- quently lived and died. On the 25th of March, 1841, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Gearhart, of this county. Seven children are now living of this union — Minerva E., William W., Alice B., E. T., Bet- tie, Charles I. and Eose. Mr. Smith died October 5, 1882, having reached four years more than the allotted three-score and ten. Mrs. Smith, his wife, born March 27, 1823, still survives her husband, and now resides on the farm where he lived so many years and finally died. His life was an active and energetic one, and what is better than all else, it was a useful and good one. Farming was his occu- pation, but he was also for some years interested in milling; but to whatever he directed his energies he succeeded, and succeeded hon- estly, without doing any man wrong. When he died he left a large estate, for he was one of the wealthy men of Howard county. Through the morning and the noon of life, and to the last, when the evening shadows shut out the light, he was an humble, faithful fol- lower of the Cross, iij the communion of the M. E. church south. WILLIAM W. SMITH, son of William J. (deceased), was born in Howard county, Missouri, February 29, 1844. His father was a man who appreciated the im- portance of an education, and determined that, so far as his own ex- ertions were concerned, his children should avail themselves of the best school advantages then offered. William W. had the usual course of the common schools, and, besides that, courses in Central college, in Fayette, and Kemper's college, in Boonville. And he did not fail to improve his advantages, for he is one of the best educated farmers in the county — a county, by the way, of educated farmers. In 1862, then eighteen years of age, he enlisted in the Confederate army, in company F, from this part of the county, and served until the final surrender. Eeturning after the war, he resumed farming, and also engaged in dealing in stock, in both of which he has since continued. On the 12th of January, 1871, he was married to Miss Fannie Agnew, a native of Virginia, and they have two children — Nadine and Flor- ence. Mr. S. is a member of the A. 0. U. W., of the Masonic order, and of the M. E. church south. He has a farm of 200 acres in good condition with respect both to improvements and cultivation, and is a successful farmer and stockman. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 525 CAPT. J. H. STURDIVANT, of Sturdivant & Maxwell, millers, Franklin. Mr. SturdiVant is a thorough, practical miller, having followed that occupation from early manhood, with but little interruption, nearly twenty years. He was born in Edmonson county, Kentucky, October 2, 1841, and was a son of J. A. Sturdivant, and wife, Adaline, whose name prior to her marriage was Shackelford. J. H., the sou, was reared in his native county, and received an ordinary practical education in the local schools. In 1860, he went to Warren county, and there commenced his career as a miller. But the war breaking out in 1861, he enlisted, in 1862, in company G, 8th Kentucky cavalry, and that term expir- ing, he re-enlisted, this time in company G, of the 17th Kentucky cavalry, of which company he was made captain, and with, which he served until the close of the war. He was in the battle of Stone river, and other important and hard-fought engagements. In 1865, he went to Lewistown, Illinois, and there followed milling two years. He then came to Benton county, Missouri, where he farmed for two years, and milled one year. From Benton county he went to Wind- sor, Missouri, and remained until 1876, engaged in milling, coming that year to Boonville. In Boonville, he followed milling until 1878, when he came over to Franklin, and here he has since lived and pursued his regular occupation — milling. The firm of which he i s a member, have a splendid mill, including building, machinery, e c, and as manufacturers of breadstuffs, they are deservedly popular. Miss Olive H. McGee, of Kentucky, became the wife of Mr. S., on the 1st of March, 1866. and they now have a family of three children — James H., Charles H. and Mary E. SAMUEL B. TINSLEY, deceased. A useful and successful life, regulated by Christian prin- ciples, expresses in a line the earthly career of Samuel B. Tinsley. By industry and intelligent management he succeeded here, as the world measures success, but without • imperilling the real success of the hereafter. For, while he strove to gather around him a compe- tence for old age, and that those he should leave behind might not be destitute, yet he kept a steady eye on the future — the star of eter- nity — and so lived, that when his mortal light should fadeaway, that star would guide him to immortality. His life was such that the world was made better by his having lived in it, and, although it was an humble one, it was none the less true and noble and worthy, for the best good men do is that which is not made known. He was born in Bedford county, Virginia, August 9, 1834. He was a son of Samuel G. and wife, Mary, whose family name before her marriage was Rosser, both also natives of Virginia, and was reared and educated in Bedford county. In 1854, when a young man twenty years of age, he came to Howard county, Missouri, and settled on the farm where he afterwards lived, and finally died. Six years after coming to this 35 526 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. state, December 19, 1860, he was married to Miss Mary Langley, of Callaway county, Missouri, an accomplished and gentle-hearted woman. She was born in Mississippi, April 1, 1834, but was brought with her parents to Callaway county, Missouri, in 1838, when but four years old, and was educated in the Baptist college of that county. She has two children living — Thomas L., born January 1, 1862, aud John W., born April 11, 1866. Mr. Tinsley came to this county a young man without means, other than his own ability to work and manage, and the manhood to do both. When he died he was one of the wealthy farmers and stock dealers of the county. Besides a large stock, and personal property interest, he left a splendid farm of 700 acres. On the 3d day of June, 1880, there fell upon the loved ones around him a sudden gloom, and the spirit of Samuel B. Tinsley passed away forever. His wife still survives him. He was a member of the Ma 7 sonic order, and of the A. O. U. W., T. H. TODD. Mr. Todd is a leading farmer and stock dealer of Franklin town- ship, Howard county, and owns a farm of 565 acres. He was boru in the township where he still lives, July 15, 1842, and since he was twenty years of age, has been engaged in farming and dealing in stock, on his own account. From the importance of his farm, and the large amount of stock he handles, it is evident that his career has been an exceedingly successful one. His parents were both natives of Maryland, but came out to Missouri, and settled in Howard county in 1841, one j^ear before T. H. was born. His father's christian ' name was Joshua, and his mother before her marriage was a Miss Margaret Jeffrey. They had six children, of whom T. H. was the eldest. The father died in 1854, but the mother still survives. In 1871 he was married, February 9, to Miss Dillie Summers, an Ohioan by birth, and of this union three children are now living — Luther, Sallie and Maggie. He is a member of the Masonic order, of the I. O. O. F., and of the A. O. U. W. G. S. TUTT, general merchant, Estill, Missouri. Mr. Tutt has been engaged in the mercantile business, either as clerk or merchant, since he was fif- teen years old — nearly twenty years. He is, therefore, thorough in his business, and he now has a large stock of almost every variety dT goods, and has an extensive and profitable trade. He was born in this county, February 5, 1849, and is a son of Philip Tutt and wife, Emaline, previously a Miss Stewart, both formerly of Howard county. Philip, however, was a native of Virginia, and his wife was from Ken- tucky, but both came here in an early day, where they reared their family. They now live in Idaho, where Mr. Tutt (the father) is pro- bate judge, and has been for several years. Prior to that he had been HISTORY 'OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 527 a representative in the territorial legislature. Before commencing his mercantile career, young G. S. had acquired the elements of a good practical education, so that when he engaged in business with^Mr. John S. Elliott, in a country store, about 1864, he was well qualified for the position he assumed, so far as the knowledge was concerned that could be derived from school books. One year subsequent they moved their store to Higby, or rather they built the first -house in Higby, and moved their stock into it. Mr. T. remained in Higby about one year and then returned to the farm. But nature had made him more of a merchant than a farmer, so that he could not remain long content on the farm. Accordingly, after eight months, we find him again on his way to eugage in mercantile pursuits. He followed merchandising and clerking — part of the time as merchant and part as clerk — until 1879, when he came to Estill and engaged in his present business, and has met with the most gratifying success. Mr. T. also owns a farm of 100 acres. He is a member of Howard lodge, No. 4, A. F. and A. M. W. B. WEBB. Mr. Webb was a youth thirteen years old when his parents came from Tennessee and settled in Cass county, Missouri. His father, Marshall Webb, was a native of Virginia, but went to Tennessee early in life, where he subsequently married Miss Mary Mills, of that state, and continued to live there (in Hawkins county) until 1849, when he came, with his family, to Missouri. Young Webb had attended the local schools of his neighborhood in Tennessee for several years before coming to Missouri, and afterwards his father gave him the best ad- vantages his new home afforded — the common schools. On reaching manhood he began farming on his own account, which he continued until the outbreak of hostilities in 1861. Then, like most other young men in Missouri of southern antecedents, he felt that his duty called him to the defence of the section where Washington lived and died, and where his kinsmen and antecedents were rallying to arms in a common cause. He enlisted in company E, of the Cass county volun- teers, and for four years followed the three-barred flag of the south, until it was furled to float no more as the emblem of the hope of ten millions of brave people. He was in the battles of Wilson's Creek, Prairie Grove, Lone Jack, and numerous other hotly contested con- flicts. Returning home after the close of the war, he came to Howard county and followed farming for one year. Then he went to Vernon county, where he lived until 1875, when he returned to Howard county and improved the farm on which he now lives. He has 190 acres of land. In the meantime, prior to^the war, he had married Miss Melissa Jones, in the year 1857, but in 1861 she died and left two moth- erless children, Johnnie and Jimmie. In March, 1867, he married Miss Laura Pearson, an excellent lady, and she has borne him four children, Samuel, Celia, Mattie and William. 528 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. OSCAR R. WHITE was born in Howard county, Missouri, January 31, 1823. His father, John R., was a native of Kentucky, but came to this county in 1819 and settled in Old Franklin, where he followed the saddler's trade, which he had learned. Having married after his immigration to this state, he subsequently settled in Fayette, and, after a well-spent life of fiftv-four years in Howard county, died here November 23, 1873. His wife died six years afterwards, July 6, 1879. He, the father, was „a soldier in the Black Hawk war, and greatly distinguished himself by his gallantry in that struggle with the Indians. Oscar R., the subject of this sketch, remained with his parents in Fayette until 1846, when he settled on the place where he now lives. He owns a fine tract of land, embracing 650 acres, including a fine orchard. Of a family of six brothers and sisters, of whom Oscar R. was the eldest, but two now survive— his sister, now the wife of J. C. Moore, of St. Louis, being the other. Mr. W. is a member of the Christian church, and a man whose character is upright and whose life is in every way ex- emplary. F. WINN, a prominent farmer of Howard county, was the sixth of a family of twelve children born to James Winn, of South Carolina, and his wife, Rebecca J., daughter of General James Parks, of North Carolina, a distinguished officer in the war of 1812. Mr. Winn, the father, was a cousin of General Wade Hampton, of Confederate fame, and was born in Charleston, South Carolina, August 6, 1793. He also was a soldier in the war of 1812, under the command of Dudley, and was captured in what is known as "Dudley's defeat," and compelled to run the " gauntlet," by the Indians. In 1818, having emigrated to Kentucky in the meantime, he came from Madison county, of that state, to Missouri, and subsequently became one of the leading citizens and wealthy farmers of Chariton county. His wife was born August 12, 1805, and they were united in marriage April 30, 1823. Mr. Winn died April 6, 1864, but his wife survived him nearly twenty years, dying February 8, 1883. Mr. Winn, the subject of this sketch, was born in Chariton county, Missouri, March 26, 1839, and was reared on his father's farm in that county, receiving his education in the common schools of the neighborhood. In 1861 he enlisted in the Missouri state guards, under the call of Governor Jackson, but his health failing him, he shortly afterwards went to Lexington, where he remained two years. He then went to St. Louis and stayed in that city a short time, but in 1864 enlisted in the Confederate service under Colonel Elliott, and continued in the southern army until the general surrender in 1865. He then returned to the home farm in Chariton county, where he remained for several years, his health having been seriously impaired by the exposures he underwent during the war. November 25, 1869, he was married to Miss Lizzie, daugh- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 529 ter of E. W. Boggs, of Howard county, and in 1870 he came to this county and engaged in farming near Fayette. In 1881 he located on the farm where he now resides, which includes 225 acres. He has an adopted son, Joseph Carr Boggs. BOONE'S LICK TOWNSHIP. OTHO ASHCRAFT, farmer. Among the intelligent and well-to-do farmers of Howard county, who owe their success to their own industry and good manage- ment almost alone, may be singled out for special mention the subject of this sketch. He was a son of Amos and Nellie (Cole) Ashcraft, both of whom were children of early settlers of Howard county. By reference to B. F. Gibson's sketch in the Cooper county division of this work, it will be seen that Mr. Cole, Mrs. Ashcraft' s father, was the head of one of the first two families that settled in Howard county, and Amos Ashcraft is believed to have been one of the first white children born in the county. Otho Ashcraft was born in Boone's Lick township August 9, 1836, and of the family of four children, of which he was a member, there are now but two living — himself and a sister, Mrs. Jesse Burk. His father was a farmer, and, being brought up to that occupation, Otho, on reaching his majority, purchased a small tract of land, the nucleus of his present place, and went to work with an energy that could not fail of success. He now has a good farm of nearly 250 acres, and has it substantially and comfortably improved. On the 19th of November, 1857, he was married to Miss Lucy J., daughter of Wm. Grady, of this county, and of this union there were two children born, of whom one is now living, Bettie F., the wife of Andrew J. Furr, of Virginia. Mr. Ashcraft is a democrat, a member of the A. F. and A. M., and a Knight Templar in the order. He is also a member of the I. O. O. F. and of the Christian church. HAMILTON CARSON, farmer and stock raiser. Mr. Carson was the second of a fan^ily of six children reared by Lindsey Carson and wife, previously Miss Rebecca Roberson, and was born in Madison county, Kentucky, January 18th, 1808. His mother was a native of the same state, but his father was originally from South Carolina. The names of the children are as follows : Robert, Hamilton, Christopher, Lindsey, Elizabeth, Matilda, Nancy and Mary. The family was among the earliest settlers in 530 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Howard county, having come here as early as 1811 . They spent three years in Fort Cooper, as most of the settlers of that early day had to "fort" themselves, as it was then expressed, for protection and se- curity from the possible outbreaks of Indians. Seven years after their arrival in this county the father was killed by a falling limb from a tree, and four years later the mother married again, Mr. Joseph Martin becoming her second husband. One son, who lives in California, is the only living representative of this marriage. Mr. Carson, the subject of this sketch, was brought up in the pioneer days of the country and is one of the oldest residents, if not the oldest, in the county, having lived here continuously seventy-two years. In 1846 he was married to Miss Ann Smith, the date of their marriage being the 23d of January, and three children followed: Stephen, Dudley and Charles William, but one of whom, however, Dudley, is now living, and is a resident of Howard county. The mother of these died, February 17, 1856, and Mrs. Rachel Cook, a widow lady, be- came Mr. Carson's second wife in 1859. By the last marriage four children have been born, all of whom are now living: Joseph, bora December 13, 1861 ; Evaline, born January 15, 1865 ; Fanny, born May 5, 1866, and Hamilton, born December 6, 1867. Mr. C. is a member of the Christian church and a well respected citizen. STEPHEN COOPER is a representative of one of the pioneer families of Missouri. His father, Joseph Cooper, born in Madison county, Kentucky, October 30, 1796, came to this state as far back as 1808. In 1810 he settled in Howard county where he lived until the day of his death, October 27, 1875. He was, therefore, one of the oldest, in point of continu- uous residence, as well as earliest settlers of this county. After his removal to this state he married Elizabeth Eustis, whose father, with his family, emigrated from Virginia at an early day. Joseph Cooper was a man of great force of character and of untiring industry, and was one of the most successful farmers of Howard county. He be- longed to that class of strong-willed, brave-hearted men who found this country a wilderness and left it to their children and to their chil- dren's children one of the fairest and most prosperous counties of a great state. His wife, Elizabeth Eustis Cooper, was a woman de- voted to her family, and at the same time possessed of great spirit and fortitude, the typical wife of such a husband. She died in 1837. Of this union there were born seven children, of whom Stephen Cooper was the youngest. He was born in 1835, by coincidence on the same day, of the same month of his father's birth, namely, Octo- ber 30. He was reared on his father's farm, on which he still lives and now owns, and in common with the youth of his own neighbor- hood and age, he acquired at the local schools of that time the elements of an ordinary, English education. The strong points of his father's character, courage, industry and indomitable enterprise were trans- mitted to the son. Possessed of these qualities it was but natural to HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 531 expect that he would become one of the early pioneers to California, during the gold excitement of that far-off country, as it was then re- garded. Accordingly, in 1852, when but seventeen years of age, he made a trip across the plains and over the rocky ribs of the Cordil- leras to the Pacific. In January, 1854, he returned to Missouri, but only to remain until the spring of the same year, when he made his second trip to California. In 1856 he returned again to Missouri and remained here until 1857, making a trip that year to Pike's Peak, Colorado, but came back to his native state one year afterwards, to remain this time permanently, or at least until the tocsin of war called him to the front in 1861, to do battle for a cause he believed to be just. In April, of 1861, under the call of Governor Jackson for six-months' volunteers, he enlisted in 'Captain Tucker's company of General Clark's regiment. At the expiration of his term under Cap- tain Tucker he organized company C, 6th Missouri regiment, and was made captain of that company. In 1862 he was promoted to the position of major, and after the battle of Vicksburg he had command of the 6th regiment until the close of the war, when he surrendered at Fort Blakely, Louisiana, in April, 1865. In July, following, he returned to his home in Howard county where he still lives. In 1879 he was elected by the people of the county to the office of county collector. As is seen from the above his life has been an energetic and active one, and whether as pioneer treading his way across the continent, or as soldier, citizen or civil officer, he has never failed to stamp the impress of his character upon the work he had to do, or win the approval his sterling worth deserves. N. B. COOPEK, collector and former sheriff of Howard county, is now forty-six years of age, and in the very meridian of vigorous manhood. He comes of Kentucky pioneer stock — of that stalwart race of men, whose mission it seems to have been to blaze the way for civiliza- tion through unknown wilds, and to lay deep and secure the foun- dations of great and prosperous states. His grandfather was one of the pioneer settlers of Kentucky, and in Madison county, of that state, his father, Hendley Cooper, was born December 4, 1800. In 1808 the family removed to Missouri, and a short time afterwards settled in Howard county, where the surviving members and their de- scendants still live. Hendley Cooper was twice married — first to Adeline Carson, whose father was also from Kentucky, and after her death, which occurred April 14, 1854, to Nancy Hoy, November 4, 1855. He died December 19, 1873, having been a resident of this county sixty-three years. Of his first marriage eleven children were born, of whomNester B., the subject of this sketch, was the fourth. He was born in Howard county December 18, 1837, and like his father, who was a successful farmer, on arriving at the age when it became necessary for him to devote himself to some calling, adopted that of farming, which he has since continued to follow. In April, 1861, 532 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. however, he enlisted in Captain Turner's company, of General Clark's regiment, serving until the disbandment of the state guards six months afterwards. He then returned to his farm, six miles southwest of Fayette, where he has a valuable and handsomely improved home- stead of 110 acres. In March, 1863, he was married to Nannie Wil- kerson, daughter of William Wilkerson, one of the pioneer settlers of the county. Six children have been born to them and are now liv- ing — Minnie G., Romeo V., Laura, John M., Fannie S. and Harry L. He is a prominent member of the A. O. U. W., and a Knight Templar in the Masonic order. In 1878 he was elected to the office of sheriff, which he held until 1882, when he was elected county col- lector, the position he now holds. To know the descent of Nester B. Cooper is a sufficient assurance of the character of man he is. But to know him personally — to know himin his family, as a citizen, and as a public officer — is to know a man with as many virtues and as few faults as is seldom found in public or private life. ROBERT COOPER, farmer and stock raiser. The biographic annals of Howard county, and, indeed, of central Missouri, without' mention of the Cooper fam- ily, would be like the play of " Hamlet " with Hamlet left out. With the Boones, they were among the first to blaze the way for civilization ' into this part of the state, and it is more than questionable whether any other family has contributed so much to the material development and progress of this county as have they. In the annals of the past, Fort Cooper bears witness to their enterprise, valor and pioneer services, and Cooper county will hand down their name through the ages — until " The moon is old, And the sun grows cold, And the leaves of the judgment book unfold." In every part of Howard county their great farms and spacious man- sion houses testify to the hereditary worth and enterprise of the fam- ily, and the roster of county officials would hardly seem complete without their name. Robert Cooper, the subject of this sketch, main- tains the traditional reputation of the family. His farm is one of the best in the county, and his elegant brick residence, standing near the site where his forefathers built the historic old fort that bore their name, would make a striking and happy contrast, as a picture, set op- posite that of the fort, illustrating the progress of civilization in the west. He was born where he now lives, February 5, 1835, and was a son of Colonel Benjamin Cooper, born March 1, 1790, who came to this county with his father's family in 1808. They lived in the fort until they brought the Indians to peaceable terms, after which they subdued the forest and made themselves a home. Mr. Cooper's mother, the wife of Colonel Cooper, was formerly a Miss Phele H. Sloan, of the well-known Sloan family, of Kentucky, and lived to her seventy-eighth year, and until 1880, surviving her husband nearly HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 533 forty years. During the later years of her widowhood she was the recipient of a pension from the government, granted on account of her husband's services in the war of 1812. Robert grew up to the occupation of a farmer, which he has continued to follow, and with great success. As a citizen and neighbor he has the respect and confi- dence of the whole community, and of all who know him. JOHN T. GARVIN, farmer. Mr. Garvin was one of a family of thirteen children born to James and Caroline (Thomas) Garvin, who emigrated from Lincoln county, Kentucky, to Missouri, in 1836, and after living a short time in Randolph county came to Howard county and settled in Boone's Lick township with their family, where the parents lived to their death. Of their family of children but five are now living, three daughters and the subject of this sketch. John T. Garvin was born in Lincoln county, Kentucky, October 29, 1829, and was reared in Howard county, Missouri, being left an orphan bj' the death of both parents when he was eight years old. Farming became his permanent occupation, which he has followed thus far through life, or rather, until his retirement from all active labors, a short time ago. When he arrived at the age of majority, his eldest brother, George T. Garvin, now deceased, who had been more than abundantly successful, gave him a neat farm on which he lived some years, but desiring to change his location he sold it and bought another place in the same township (Boone's Lick) where he continued farming until his retire- ment as stated above. On the 2d of September, 1851, he was mar- ried to Miss Louisa M., daughter of Wm. Tippett, of this county, but formerly of Virginia. She died June 26th, 1870, leaving three children, now living, George T., of Barton county; John W. and James W. Mr. Garvin was remarried March 27th, 1872, his second wife, Rachel E., being a daughter of Wm. Bobbitt, of this county. Three children of this union are living : Lou Emma, John T. and "Walter K. Mr. Garvin is a member of the I. O. O. F., and of the P. of H. Politically he is a member of the greenback party. THOMAS B. HARRIS, merchant at Lisbon. Mr. Harris' parents were among the earliest settlers of Jackson county, this state. His father, Reuben Harris, was born in Patrick county, Virginia, in 1805, and his mother, formerly Miss Laura M. Fistoe, in Tennessee, in 1811. They were married in Jackson county, in 1832, and of the family of eight chil- dren born to them six are still living. Both parents lived in Jackson county until their death — the mother dying in 1876, and the father in 1882. Thomas B. Harris was born October 12th, 1839, and was reared on his father's farm in Jackson county. After attaining his majority, he learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed until 1880, when he engaged in merchandising. On the 6th of September, 534 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1866, he was married to Miss Eliza A. Grady, of Howard county, but she died in February, 1870, leaving him two children, only one of whom is now living, Mobrey L., bora August 16th, 1867. April 7th, 1872, Mr. Harris was again married, Miss Ellen Beverly, of this county, becoming his second wife. They have three children living : Ella, Bethsheba E. and Thomas W. In 1870, he bought property in Lisbon, this county, and continued working at his trade there for the succeeding ten years ; but in August, 1880, having shown himself to be a man of good business qualification and of unquestioned integ- rity, he was called upon to take charge of the co-operative store in Lisbon, belonging to the Patrons of Husbandry, of Boone's Lick township and the surrounding country, of which organization he is a member, and since then he has been conducting this business in which he has achieved marked success as a thoroughgoing, capable merchant. Mr. Harris is amember of the I. O. O. F., and'he and his wife are mem- bers of the Christian church. DR. J. C. HEBERLING AND HIS MULE. Dr. Heberling, for over thirty years a prominent and successful physician of Howard county, and one of the most highly respected citizens of the county, was born in Berkley county, Virginia, March 26th, 1816, and was one of a family of ten children, seven sons and three daughters, all of whom are still living except a daughter, and are residents of the western states. In 1836, Dr. Heberling, then a young man twenty-one years of age, came to Howard county, this state, and two years afterwards was united in marriage to Miss Christine Amick, of this county. Before coming to this state, young Heberling had devoted considerable study to medicine with a view of preparing himself for the medical profession, and after his arrival here that purpose was strengthened by the great need of physicians in his new home, especially after the remarkable floods of 1844. Ac- cordingly, he persevered in his studies, and subsequently attended the medical institute, of Cincinnati, from which he was graduated with distinction in 1847. Returning then to Howard county, he has since practised his profession here, with the exception of four years spent in St. Louis and California, and a short absence during the late war. While in California, he was a delegate to the first state nominating convention that ever assembled on the Pacific coast, representing Edwards county, entitled to twenty votes, in the convention. He was also treasurer of his county, in 1851, and the following year was a judge of the court of sessions. While there he was tendered a nomi- nation for the office of representative in the state legislature which, however, he declined. Returning then to Missouri, he resumed his practice and continued it without interruption until 1862, when he, with six other prominent citizens of the county, was banished to the northeast for suspected sympathy with the seceding states. On his return home after the war, he found that all his live stock had also been " banished" during his absence, and he was therefore without a HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 535 saddle-animal on which to resume the practice of his profession. To supply this indispensable desideratum, the only resort left him was a drove of a hundred mules from which he selected, and purchased, a trim-built, but unbridle-wise two-year-old, afterwards known in two continents as the famous Light-foot. " This was on the 15th day of September, 1865, and from that day until the 15th of September, 1877," to use the Doctor's own language, "the lives of the two [himself and the mule] are so intimately interwoven with each other that the biography of the one unavoidably includes that of the other." Together, they travelled in the practice of medicine, the mule doing the locomotion and the Doctor attending to the patients, 32,000 miles, a matter so noteworthy, that it was generally published by the papers throughout the state. But they continued in their mission of visiting the sick and ministering to the suffering until they had scored 50,000 miles, when this result was also published, and was copied by the London papers and other European journals. Still they kept on in the even tenor of their way, the Doctor and his mule, indifferent to their widening form, until September 15th, 1877, time was called on faithful old Lightfoot, and he was found to have travelled 15,000 ad- ditional miles or (55,000 miles from the beginning, twelve years be- fore, a distance equal to more than two and a half circuits of the earth. But exhausted nature demanded a rest for the honest old pedestrian, and he was retired on full pay — corn and hay, with a carte blanche to all the meadows and pastures. At the age of twenty, Lightfoot, is still active and chirp, and occasionally puts a shoulder to the wheel to help the world along. The facts for his biography have been written for by a gentleman in Vermont, and a volume will shortly appear in his honor. The Doctor himself, is still engaged in the practice of his profession, and in his sixty-eighth year is hale and hardy, and as he expresses it, comparatively happy. In 1880, he was nominated for congress, in his district, on the Weaver ticket, and the result of the election shows that while General Weaver received but 514 votes in Howard county, for President, Dr. Heberling received 1,432, or nearly three times as many as the head of his ticket re- ceived. Over 7,000 votes were cast for him in the entire district. More generous to others than just to himself, he has collected but a mere pittance of what he has made, and is therefore not rich in this world's goods, although he has a competence to keep the gaunt wolf from his door. Never profane nor intemperate, of a literary turn of mind and of a domestic disposition, he finds unalloyed pleasure in the leisure of old age with his books and his grand-children, of whom he has no less than twenty. In the language of Orlando, he can truth- fully say : — " Though I look old, yet I am strong and lusty; For in my youth I never did apply Hot and rebellious liquors in my blood ; Nor did not with unbashful forehead woo The means of weakness and debility; Therefore my age is as a lusty winter, Frosty but kindly." 536 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. THOMAS G. MILLER, t farmer and stock raiser. Mr. Miller is now thirty years of age, and has a good farm of 218 acres, well improved. He was born in the town- ship where he now lives, on the 27th of September, 1853, and was the first son but third child of Henry B. Miller and wife Permelia, formerly a Miss Brown, who were married in December, 1846. His father, Henry B., is a native of Rappahannock county, Virginia, and came from there to Howard county, with his family in 1838, first set- tling in Franklin township, but nine years afterwards settled in Boone's Lick township, where he now lives. His family of children consists of Fannie, Rosila, Thomas G., Henry B., Andrew N. McG., Lillie and Effie G. Thomas G. was brought up on his father's farm, and in youth received such an education as could be had in the ordinary country schools — sufficient for all practical purposes. He has made farming his life occupation and is meeting with satisfactory and sub- stantial success. On the 18th of December, 1873, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Peacher, of this county, daughter of Wm. J. Peacher, and of this union three children have been born, two of whom are now living: Claiborne, born August 1, 1876; Maud, born March 3, 1879, and Roma, born October 15, 1881, died January 4, 1882. Mr. Miller and his wife are both connected with the Mission- ary Baptist church, of Mount Moriah, Richmond township, this county. WILLIAM G. MIRICK was born July 11, 1826, in Petersburg, Boone county, Kentucky, and was the son of John T. Mirick, born in Buffalo, New York, in 1800, and Elizabeth (Youell) Mirick, a native of Boone county, Kentucky, born in 1808. The latter was a daughter of James and Lucy Youell. They were married August 10, 1825, and to them were born eleven children, six now living — Lucinda (wife of Samuel Beall), Sophia F. (widow of Volney Williams), John L. (who married Miss Mary W. Campbell), Price, Isabella (wife of Thomas Callison), and William G. John T. Mirick died in September, 1860, and his widow June 23, 1871. William G. Mirick was married May 1, 1850, to Miss Mary E. Conner, daughter of Paschal and Nellie Conner, of Florence, Boone county, Kentucky. By this union there were seven children — Adelaide C, born February 1, 1851, married Emil Miller, of Boon- ville, April 15, 1876; J. McConnell, born March 6, 1853, died Jan- uary, 31, 1855; William G., born July 20, 1854; Joe Cooper, born February 15, 1857 ; Charles W., born April 13, 1858, and now with two brothers and his father, in the iron and steel works of Pueblo ; Nellie, born June 17, 1861 ; and Frank G., born June 8, 1866. In 1849, Mr. Mirick removed to Alton, Illinois, but a year later returned to Kentucky, then, after his marriage, going again to Alton. In about a year and a half he came to Boone county, Missouri, and shortly afterwards removed to this county and township, purchasing eighty acres of land, on which he has since resided. He was a warm HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 537 friend of Colonel Joe Cooper, of Fort Cooper memory, and during the time of that hero wrote an interesting sketch of his life, which was published in the St. Louis Times, and copied by the Howard county Advertiser of February 19, 1874. LARKIN L. MUNDAY, farmer. Mr. Munday comes of revolutionary stock, on both his father's and mother's sides of the family. His paternal grandfather came to this country from England before the outbreak of the war for independence, and served through the entire struggle as.a soldier in the Continental army. His maternal grandfather did like service for the then infant republic. Eollin* and Matilda Munday, his parents, were natives of Albemarle county, Virginia, where they married and lived until their deaths. His father, however, was married twice. His first wife having died in 1854, he was married some years after- wards to Miss Melissa Hall, of that county. Of the first marriage there are now living, three sons ; and of the second, three daughters and two sons. Eollin Munday was a successful farmer of his native county, and a large landed proprietor. He died April 20, 1879, at the advanced age of eighty-one. Larkin L. Munday was born December 13, 1830, and was reared in his native county (Albemarle county, Virginia), where he lived until 1856, when he came to this state and settled in Boone county. After he grew up he followed overseeing in Virginia, but since he came to Missouri he has been engaged in farming, except while doing service in the Confederate army. In 1861, he cast his fortunes with the south, and followed the ill-starred flag of bars and stars, through four long years of danger and hardships, finally surrendering at Shreveport, Louisiana, at the close of the war. Returning then, he stopped a few months in Saline county, and then settled permanently in Howard, where he has since lived. On the 14th of January, 1869, he was married to Miss La- vinia Ainsw.orth, of this county. They have five children living — Horace, born March 17, 1871; Walter K., born March '25, 1874; Emma, born March 28, 1876; D. Pearl, born December 13, 1879 ; and Hardv, born December 12, 1881. Mr. Munday is a member of the I. O. O. F. WILLIAM R. QUINLEY, deceased. William R. Quinley, who for many years was a successful mer- chant of Boonsboro, in which business he was engaged at the time of his death April 10, 1883, was the second of a family of seven children born to Richmond and Margaret J. (Jennings) Quinly, of this county, but originally of Kentucky. Of these, four are now living — Sarah E., wife of M. N. Amick ; Henry T., married Nannie M. Carson, niece of Kit Carson; James A., married Mollie Wilker- son; and John F., married Dora Carson. William R. Quinly, de- * Evidently Darned for Rollin the historian. 538 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ceased, was born in Howard county, Missouri, January 16, 1840, and was reared on his father's farm, receiving an ordinary education in the common schools in youth. He followed farming after he grew up and until 1870, when he sold his farm and engaged in merchan- dising in Boonsboro, which he followed until the time of his death. June 1, 1864, he was married to Miss Mary C, daughter of Samuel and Hettie Pulliam, of this county. Nine children were born to them, of whom eight are now living — Lillie B., born February 22, 1865 ; Samuel R., born June 7, 1866; Robert T., born January 26* 1868 ; James W., born March 19, 1870 ; Wayman F., born May 28, 1872, died March 27, 1873 ; Olena R. and Galena H., twins, born July 2, 1875; Clasidie B., born May 31, 1877; and Elsie F., born April 27, 1880. Mr. Quinley, the father, was for many years before his death, an earnest and exemplary member of the Christian church, and he died, as he had lived, true to the faith that teaches — There is no Death! What seems so is transition; This life of mortal breath Is but a suburb of the life elysian, Whose portal we call Death. REV. WILLIAM H. ROBERTSON. Rev. Robertson was ordained a minister August 24, 1879, at Rose Hill, in Howard county, since which he has led an active and useful life in his sacred calling. Not only to the pulpit but to Sabbath schools, to temperance work, and to every duty that an earn- est and faithful minister should perform, he devotes himself with great zeal and energy. He was one of a family of nine children, seven of whom are still living, born to Solomon and Eliza (Nelson) Robertson, the father a native of Indiana, and the mother of Ken- tucky. Both parents reside in this county, with whom Rev. William Robertson now lives. He was born in Paris, Kentucky, February 19, 1838, and there learned the blacksmith trade, which he made his permanent occupation. But like Bunyan, feeling that he was called upon to devote himself to the ministry, he studied the Scriptures with great earnestness, and qualified himself for the work he had to do. Besides his church work he also has a neat farm, substantially im- proved, which he manages with success, and on which his parents now live. He has been twice married. His first wife, formerly Miss Nan- nie E. Allen, of Clark county, Kentucky, died March 18, 1860. August 27, 1863, he was married to Miss Sarah H., sister to his for- mer wife. Of this union there are two children: Willie A. and Charlie L. His last wife died February 26, 1874. DAVID T. ROBERTSON, farmer. Mr. Robertson is a native of Bourbon county, Kentucky, born December 16, 1844, whence he removed to this state. He started out in life without a dollar, and, by industry and economy, HISTOET OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 539 has saved up enough from his hard earnings, besides making a good, comfortable living for himself and family, to buy an excellent tract of land, whieh he is now improving in a substantial manner. He was married to Miss Anna Quick, of Cooper county, Missouri, April 2, 1876, but she died October 13, 1879, leaving one child, Ula B. About two years afterwards, August 25, 1881, he was married a sec- ond time, Miss Rubanah Shipp, of this county, then becoming his wife. They have one daughter, Iola. Mr. R. is a democrat, and his wife is a member of the Christian church. JAMES M. REYNOLDS, farmer. Mr. Reynolds was one of a family of eighteen children, nine sons and nine daughters, born to William and Nancy (Bennett) Rey- nolds, originally of Patrick county, Virginia; but only seven chil- dren now survive, three sons and four daughters. In 1816 the parents (the same year they were married) came from Virginia and settled in Chariton county, this state, remaining there a few years, and then locating in Howard county. Stopping, however, in this county only a short time, they went from here to Johnson county, where they purchased 1,600 acres of land, and made that their per- manent home, or at least until the death of the father, which occurred in 1860. Mrs. Reynolds survived her husband twenty-three years, dvingr in 1883, having remained a widow from 1860 until her death. James Reynolds grew up on his father's farm, and has followed farm- ing as his regular occupation. He now owns a good farm in Chariton township, and has it substantially and comfortably improved. He re- moved to this county from Johnson in 1849, and since that time has con- tinued to reside here. He was married December 1, 1846, to Miss Emeline Crowley, of this county. They have four children living : William, born February 15, 1849 ; Daniel, born December 24, 1851 ; Charles W., born December 18, 1857, and Green, born June 11, 1859. Mr. R. is a member of the P. of H., and a strong advocate of the politico-economic philosophy of the greenback party. EDWARD C. SHARP, M. D. A physician of a high order of attainments, professional and other- wise, who, although still a young man, has shown himself to be a thoroughly skilful and successful practitioner by his experience in this county and elsewhere, is Dr. Sharp, whose name heads this sketch. He was born in Lafayette, Indiana, November 27, 1855, and in early youth had the advantages offered by the excellent public schools of that city. In 1872, having mastered the curriculum of studies taught in the public schools, he entered the national normal school of Lebanon, Ohio, in which he remained as a student for two years. He then directed his attention to medicine, and studied that science under the preceptorage of Dr. Washburn, an old and eminent physician of Lafayette, several years, and in 1878 began a regular 540 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. course in the Medical College of Louisville, Kentucky, from which he graduated two years afterwards. He then returned to Lafayette and commenced the practice of his profession in association with his old preceptor, and soon established himself among the people and in the estimation of the profession as a physician of superior ability. But, in obedience to the law that gave the new world to civilization, and that is now peopling its vast domains in the west with the best energy of the age — the law of enterprise, he came further west to seek his fortune, after having practised in Lafayette two years, and finally settled permanently in Lisbon, this county, where his merits as a physician, and his worth as a citizen, are rapidly becoming known ; and his life promises a future of great usefulness to those among whom he lives. He was married in Dayton, Ohio, December 25, 1874, to Miss Mary Burton, who was taken from him by death, February 13, 1878. After the lapse of about four years he was married May 18, 1882, to Miss Ada, daughter of James and Mattie Ware, of Pleasant Green, Cooper county, this state. By his first marriage there are two sons: Charles and Burton. Both the doctor and his wife are mem- bers of the Presbyterian church. His father, N. Sharp, and his mother, who prior to her marriage was Miss Mary A. Perrin, were both natives of Lynchburg, Va. CALEB THOMAS, farmer. When Caleb Thomas was nine years of age death deprived him of his father, and two years afterwards his mother also died, thus leaving him an orphan in the world, and practically without a penny. But without the influence of tender parents to advise and encourage him and to bring him up in the way of uprightness and industry, he has manfully made his own way in the world, and is now one of the successful farmers of Howard county and a citizen and neighbor re- spected by all who know him. By his own honest toil, and by saving what his labor made him, he first bought a tract of 120 acres of land, and since then has kept adding to it, until now he has a fine farm of 354 acres, well improved, with good houses, barns, fences, pastures, etc., and has his place well stocked. How few sons with wealthy parents to help them along do as well as he has ! He was born in Pulaski county, Kentucky, January 12, 1843, and his father, Lorenzo D., was a native of the same state, and was a blacksmith and wagon- maker by occupation. His mother, originally Miss Kebecca Bobbitt, was born December 27, 1822, and was married to Lorenzo D. March 25, 1841. Three children are now living of this union — Caleb, born as stated above ; Sarah, wife of Thos. J. Gallimore, residing in Ar- kansas, and Griffith, married to Miss Sallie K. Tuggle, of this couuty. The family first immigrated into Ohio, where the father died in 1852. They then shortly came to Howard county, and here Mrs. Thomas was married to Fielding Shipp, but she died in 1854. November 19, 1866, Mr. Thomas was married to Miss Mary E. Yelton, of this county. Of this union five children are now living — Mattie L., born HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 541 February 28, 1868 ; William M., born August 14, 1870 ; Eebecca M., born November 29, 1872; Alice H., born February 5, 1879, and James W., born March 27, 1883. Both parents are members of the Christian church. HIE AM WILKERSON, farmer, stock raiser and miller. If the men who are prominent in the development of the material resources of a country ; who are large producers of what others live on, from which all prosperity springs ; if such men are entitled to be called the leading men of their respective communities, then Hiram Wilkerson is one of the leading men of Boone's Lick township and of Howard county, for he is a large grain producer and stock raiser ; and besides, is a prominent miller of the county. And these important interests are all his by the produc- tion of his own exertions, by his own honest toil. Such men build up a country, are of value to the community in which they live. He is a native of the township where he now resides, and was born on the 15th of September, 1830. He was a son of William Wilkerson and wife, originally Miss Polly Krutz, residents of this county. He was reared on a farm, and followed that occupation on his own account to some extent before reaching his majority, and at the age ol twenty- ( two was in a situation to purchase himself a tract of land. By indus- try, economy and good management he has continued adding to his possessions, until now he has nearly 600 acres of splendid land, and his homestead, containing 399 acres, is one of the choice farms of the county, and he is one of the business-like, prosperous, money-making farmers of the county. He also has two saw mills, and his flouring mill is said to be one of the best in the surrounding section of country. On the 15th of September, 1852, he was married to Miss Millie Tug- gle, of this county, and from this union there are eight children living, as follows: Henry L., born March 30, 1854; Patrick H., born July 15, 1855 ; Robert T., born September 6, 1857, now a resident of the state of Nevada, where he married Miss Lotta Beasley ; Lawrence, born April 16, 1860; Mollie, born August 17, 1862 ; William C, born January 23, 1864 ; Charles, born May 24, 1865, and Ledrew, born September 20, 1869. Mrs. Wilkerson died January 3, 1875. About three years afterwards Mr. Wilkerson was married again. His pres- ent wife, befoce her marriage to Mr. W., was Mrs. Mary Evans, of Cooper county, Missouri. Mr. Wilkerson and his present wife are both members of the Christian church, and he is a member of the I. 0. O. F. LINSEY W. WILKERSON, farmer and carpenter. Mr. Wilkerson emigrated from Albemarle coun- ty, Virginia, and settled in this county, where he has since lived and followed farming and carpentery. He was born September 22, 1825, and was one of a family of nine children. His father, Wm. P. Wil- kerson, and his mother, whose maiden name was Nancy Sandridge, 36 542 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. were both natives of Albemarle county, and were there married in 1824. His first wife dying, "Wm. P. Wilkerson was married a second time, but bis second wife lived only a short time. He was again married in 1879, and they now live in their native county in Virginia. Before coming to Missouri, Linsey W- was married December 24, 1846, to Miss Eliza Thomas, and eleven children have been born to them, but six of whom, however, are now living — Nancy E., born June 19, 1856, wife of Edward Jones ; Mary E., born March 21, 1858, wife of Anderson Quinley ; James Everett, born July 31, 1864 ; Sallie A., born May 25, 1867, and Linsey H., born October 26, 1870. Mr. Wilkerson and wife are both members of the Christian church at Boonsboro. J. T. WOOD, M. D. Dr. Wood, a thoroughly educated and successful physician of Howard county, was born in Mason county, Kentucky, January 31, 1846. When a youth twelve years of age, the family having removed to Boone county, Missouri, he entered Walnut grove academy, in that county, in which he remained as a student for six years. He then began the study of medicine under Dr. A. P. Spence, of Rocheport, and in 1868 went to Louisville, Kentucky, where he became a student in the medical college of that city. After the close of the college, term in Louisville, he continued his studies under Dr. Taliaferro Buckner, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and in 1869 entered the college of medicine and surgery of Cincinnati, from which he graduated with honor with the class of 1870. Immediately after his graduation he came to Lisbon, Howard county, and engaged actively in the practice of his profession, where he remained six years and built up an exten- sive and lucrative practice. He then changed his location to Boons- boro, to which his reputation as an able and successful physician had preceded him, and the result is that he occupies a front position in his profession in this section of the county. In December, 1878, he and Dr. Moore foriped a copartnership in the practice in Boonsboro, and the firm commands a large practice. Dr. Wood was married to Miss Ellen, daughter of D. P. Taylor, of this county, formerly of Vir- ginia. Of this union there are three children living. The doctor is a member of Arrow Rock Lodge, No. 55, A. F. and A. M., and also of the A. O. U. W. at Boonsboro. Both he and his wife - are members of the Christian church. His father, John T. Wood, was a native of Ohio, but his mother, formerly Miss Rachel Webb, was originally of Mason county, Kentucky, and the doctor is one of three children now living reared by them — two sons and one daughter. HISTORY OF HOWAKD AND, COOPER COUNTIES. 543 MONITEAU TOWNSHIP. <- ^ U- t, c u o «-— X ~ ^ ^^tA, COLEMAN BEOWN, farmer, section 5. Coleman Brown was the second of a family of eight children born to Jonathan and Sarah (Sutton) Brown, of Saline (formerly Gallatin) county, Illinois. Both parents were originally of Kentucky, but early in life settled in Illinois, where their family of children were born and principally reared. The father died in 1858, the mother in 1881. But four of their children are now living : Cole- man, of this county ; two brothers, one in Ralls county and one in California, and a sister in Moniteau county. Coleman Brown was born in Saline county, Illinois, May 30, 1824, and came to Howard county in 1847, where he has since lived. He was married February 18, 1856, to Miss Martha H. Cheshire, a native of this county, born in 1834. Her parents, David and Catherine (Murphy) Cheshire, came to this county from Kentucky in 1836, but two years afterwards went to Morgan county, where they lived until 1880, when they returned to Howard, since which they have made this their home. On attain- ing manhood, Coleman Brown adopted farming — to which he had been brought up — as his permanent occupation, and has since fol- lowed it with satisfactory success. He has a good farm, substantially and comfortably improved, and, besides growing considerable quanti- ties of grain, raises some live stock for the markets. September 20, 1874, his wife died, having been the mother of nine children, eight of whom are living, Jesse E., John C, George N., Orr S., Catherine, Maudie, Livina and Elizabeth Pitcher, of Barton county. Mr. B. has been a member of the Christian church for twenty-five years, and has never had a law-suit in his life. JOSEPH M. CORNELIUS, ^ farmer and plasterer, section 25. Jesse Cornelius, the grandfather of Joseph, was one of the very first settlers of this county, and in the pioneer days of the country opened a farm near where the subject of this sketch now lives. Here John Cornelius, the father of Joseph, grew up and was married to Miss Jane Means, formerly of Kentucky. Of their family of children Joseph was born March 17, 1836. His mother died in 1865 and his father some ten or twelve 'years before. At the age of twenty-four Joseph was married May 10, 1860, to Miss Amanda, daughter of George and Mary Adams, and of this union four children have been born ; Effie, the eldest, died when five years old ; Josephine and Ellie both at home, and the fourth child died in infancy. Mr. Cornelius is a plasterer by trade, and has an excellent reputation as an industrious, efficient artisan in that calling. He is a conscien- tious, earnest member of the M. E. church south. 544 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ZACHAEIAH CREWS, farmer, section 16. Mr. Crews, although reared on a farm, clerked for some time, while a young man, in a store at Rocheport, Boone county. But in 1864 he was married, and a short time afterwards re- turned to farming, which he has since followed with excellent success. His parents, Milton and Rhoda (Fox) Crews, were natives of Ken- tucky, and in Madison county of that state Zachariah was born, March 16, 1841. When he was a year old his parents removed to Howard county, but three years afterwards went back to Kentucky, where the son grew up to his fourteenth year. He then returned to this vicinity, where he grew to manhood and received the principal part of his education. Having followed mercantile clerking for some time, February 4, 1864, he was married to Miss Matilda A., daughter of James Means. After this he turned his attention to farming, and now has a fine place of over 300 acres, well improved, and in excellent condition. He is a prominent grain producer, particularly of wheat and corn, the former of which he grows annually about 200 acres. They have three children — Willie, Anna and Zach. GEORGE W. DRAKE, Sr., farmer, section 19. When George W. was ten years of age, in 1833, his parents came from Kentucky to Howard county, this state, and 1 settled in Moniteau township, on the uplands, but four years after- wards they moved down on the river and followed farming in the more fertile lands of the bottoms. There the son grew to manhood, and when he was twenty-one years of age he was married, December 5, 1844, to Miss Nancy J., daughter of John F. Jordan. Ten years afterwards, however, she died, aged thirty-one years to a day. She left one child — Jesse H. — that died the following year. July 5, 1855, he was married a second time, Miss Susan S., daughter of Enoch Crews, of this county, then becoming his wife. April 29, 1865, she was also taken from him by death. Five children were born of this union, four of whom are living — Charles E., born April 9, 1856 ; Ebemelech S.,born March 4, 1858 ; Joseph T., born November 13, 1860 ; and Sarah E., born December 9, 1862. George W., Jr., died, aged one year. February 5, 1867, Mr. Drake was married to Miss Martha C, daughter of Samuel Pearson, of Moniteau township. She was born February 14, 1836, and of their union three children are now living — Louisiana, born March 9, 1872; Laura E., born May 10, 1874; and Edna P., born September 26, 1876. Mr. Drake has made farming his occupation through life thus far, and now has 425 acres of fine land. His homestead includes over 200 acres, and is comfortably and substantially improved. He and his wife are both church members. He has been a member of the M. E. church south for over forty years. His father, Charles Drake, was a native of Virginia, and his mother, whose maiden name was Mary Swearingen, was originally from Maryland. However, they .settled" in Kentucky HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ' 545 early in life, where their family was partly reared, before they came to Missouri. George W., our subject, was born in Bullitt county, of that state, where they resided, October 8, 1823. . GEORGE W. DRAKE, Jr., farmer, section 14. George W. Drake, Jr., commenced life for him- self without a single advantage that nature did not give him ; brawn and brain, vigor and honesty, were all he had. Education, except very limited, such as he had been able to pick up in early youth, means to begin with, nor the prestige of an influential family he did not have. Starting out in the world alone, at the age of eighteen (when he came to this county), he worked three years as a journey- man at the blacksmith trade, and was then able to get a small tract of land (a part of his present farm of 550 acres), on which he went to work with an energy and intelligence that has brought him more than an ordinary measure of success. He has long been comfortably fixed in life, has reared a worthy family, and has maintained a name above reproach. To such an ancestor, his descendants of the future will well be proud to trace their origin. He was born in Marion county, this state, March 14, 1836. Death robbed him of both parents in 1852, one following the other across the silent river the succeeding day. " Death never takes one alone, but two ! Whenever he enters in at a door, Under roof of gold or roof of thatch, He always leaves it upon the latch ; And comes again ere the year is o'er, Never one of a household only." Joseph Drake, his father, and his mother, whose maiden name was Martha A. Chambers, were both originally of Jessamine county, Ken- - tucky, but died in Lewis county, this state, to which they had removed. . .They had a family of thirteen children, five of whom are still living — Joseph C, and Kate (now Mrs. James Collison), both of Glasgow; James M., of Louisiana, Missouri; Mary S. (widow of Columbus Merritt, of St. Louis), and George W., the subject of this sketch. George W. Drake, Jr., was married January 15, 1857, to Miss Julia A., daughter of Judge David Pipes, of Boone county. She was born August 3, 1838. Eleven children have been born to them, five of whom are deceased — Mary Maud, David Piper, Joseph, Sallie, and Stella. The family now consists of Mattie, a highly cultivated lady of charming manners, Lou, Ernest, Charles D., Georgia, and Wade Hampton. JOHN G. EATON, farmer, section 6. John G. Eaton/one of the successful and well respected farmers of Howard county, was born in this county, one and a half miles south of Fayette, April 7, 1823, and was the second 546 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. of a family of four children of George and Jane (George) Eaton, originally of Clark county, Kentucky, but who settled in this county, near Fayette, in 1818, where the father died in 1835. The children are George C, John G., Anna C. (widow of George Eaton), and Lydia (wife of Benj. Patrick, of Fayette). Geo. Eaton, the father, was a well-to-do farmer, and was highly esteemed by all who knew him for his many excellent qualities as a citizen and neighbor. His widow was married some years after his death to Thomas Campbell. She is also now deceased. John G. Eaton learned the carpenter's trade in early life, which he followed until 1852. January 15, 1852, he was married to Miss Anna, daughter of Joseph D. Hardin, an early settler of the county. After his marriage, Mr. Eaton began the im- provement of his present farm, which now contains 320 acres, 200 acres of which are in cultivation, and in which he grows wheat, corn, grass, etc. He also raises considerable numbers of live stock for the markets — cattle, horses, mules, hogs, sheep, etc. In 1864, Mr. E. enlisted in the Confederate army, and served in Perkin's brigade, under General Price, until the close of the war. His married life has proved a long and happy one, and has been blessed with twelve child- ren, ten of whom are living — Claiborne died, aged seventeen years, in 1872; Jennie, wife of Ben. Gilvan, of Chariton county; Joseph E., married Bettie Gilvan; Sarah B., wife of Miller George; George, Jefferson, Johnnie, Effie, died aged five years, in 1871 ; Annie, James, Mary E., and Charles. Mrs. Eaton is a member of the Christian church. CHARLES B. FISHER, farmer, a son of Rev. David Fisher, now deceased, and wife, Eliza, daughter of Daniel Brown, of Essex county, Virginia, was born in Howard county, Missouri, January 17, 1838, and was the second of a family of seven children, now living; — Mary E., widow of George W. Walker; Charles B., Susan M., wife of Rev. R. W. Blakey ; Sallie C, James O., married to Miss Kate Patterson ; Laura O., and Lou P. [A sketch of the parents is given elsewhere in this volume]. Rev. David Fisher being a man of ample means, and of superior cul- ture himself, he was careful to give his children good educational ad- vantages, and, accordingly, all had the benefit of a college course, either at Fayette or Columbia, and one of his daughters, Miss Laura, attended the widely known Loquet institute, of New Orleans, Louisi- ana. Charles B., the subject of this sketch, was reared on his father's farm, and in youth was given an excellent education. He also was in Louisiana sometime — about five years — but when the war broke out, in 1861, was in Texas, and in July of that year, at Sher- man, enlisted in the Confederate service, under General Ross, ;ind served in Generals Van Dorn's and Joe Johnson's commands succes- sively, until the close of the war, surrendering at Canton, Mississippi, in 1865. He was in numerous Bard-fought battles in both depart- ments of the southeastern, or south Atlantic, and the trans-Missis- sippi departments, including the battle of Pea Ridge, in Arkansas. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 547 Returning, home after the war, he engaged in farming and stock rais- ing, etc., which he has since followed. Some years after his return, he was married to Miss Lizzie A. Harvey, an accomplished young lady of this county, daughter of John and Eliza (Markland) Harvey, old and highly respected residents of the county. Mr. F. is an enterprising and successful farmer, and enjoys the esteem of all who know him. His farm contains nearly 500 acres, most of which is improved. B. E. GIVENS, farmer, section 16. B. E. Givens was the fifth of a family of seven children of Samuel and Sarah Givens, of St. Charles county, Missouri, and was born in that county February 29, 1844. One brother and two sisters are still living, Robert A., of Linn county, and Fannie S., wife of C. T. Richards, and Martha J., on the old homestead in their native county. The father, Samuel Givens, came to Howard county from Kentucky in 1820, and remained here about four years, working for his uncle, Benjamin Givens, at the blacksmith trade, but at the expiration of that time returned to Kentucky. Subsequently he went to Indiana, and in 1835 was married to Miss Sarah Angern, im- mediately after which he immigrated to this state and settled in St. Charles county, near Flint Hill, where he reared his family. He died September 8, 1878. B. E. Givens, the subject of this sketch, entered the Confederate service at the age of nineteen, enlisting at Dan- ville, Mo., in January, 1863, in Dorsey's command, but was captured a short time afterwards and confined, first at St. Charles, and then at St. Louis seven months. He escaped from the prison of St. Louis by running from the guard, and joined General Price at Fayetteville, Arkansas. He served in Colonel Slayback's regiment, under Gen- eral Joe Shelby, until the close of the war. After the restoration of peace he went to Indianapolis and then to Litchfield, Illinois, and in September,. 1865, came to Howard county and worked with C. E. Givens until 1870, when he settled on his present farm, where he has since lived, except during 1881-82 he was in Fremont county, Iowa. His farm contains about 200 acres of good land. February 24, 1870, he was married to Miss Charity R., daughter of Thomas W. and Sarah S. (Riggs) Patton. They have three children, Samuel S., aged eleven years ; Benjamin P., aged nine years, and Moses P., aged seven years. Mr. Givens is a member of the M. E. church south and of the Masonic fraternity. BENJAMIN F. GIVENS, farmer. One of the youngest but, at the same time, most prominent and progressive farmers of Howard county is the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. His farm contains 1,100 acres, and is devoted to both grain growing and stock raising. He has 200 acres of wheat, 140 of meadow, and other products in proportion ; and his stock of cattle numbers about 200 head, his sheep flock 150, besides large 548 HISTOET OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. numbers of horses, mules, hogs, etc. He was born near where he now lives January 30th, 1859, and was educated at Central college. He Was the second of a family of seven children of E. C. Givens and Mary A. (Kring) Givens. October 4, 1882, he was married to Miss India K. Swinney, daughter of Mrs. Salvia Swinney, of Fayette, and came to his farm the same month, where he has since lived. He and his wife are both members of the Methodist Episcopal church in Fay- ette. L. E. HALL, farmer, section 3. Among the old and eminently respected citizens of Howard county, none are more highly esteemed for their excellence of character and superior intelligence than the subject of this sketch. From one of the best families of the Old Dominion, and thoroughly educated in youth preparatory to entering the legal profession, after having studied for the bar and been admitted to the practice in which he spent a year of unusually successful and promising labor, he was compelled by ill-health to retire from the profession and to devote himself to the pursuits of country life, where "Not rural sights alone, but rural sounds, Exhilarate the spirit, and restore The tone of languid nature." He was born in Lewis county, Virginia, October 8, 1819, and was a son of William and Mary A. Hall, both natives of that state. His mother, whose maiden name was Lowther, was a grand-daughter of Colonel Lowther, of revolutionary fame. After retiring from the practice of law in Virginia, Mr. Hall engaged in farming in that state, and, having married in 1850, five years afterwards brought his family to this state and settled in Jackson county. There he became a prom- inent farmer, but in 1863 was compelled to leave the county under General Ewing's military order depopulating parts of that and other counties. He then came to Howard county and bought his present farm of over 200 acres, where he has since lived. He was married in Virginia February 6, 1850, to Miss Mary E. Thompson. Their union has been blessed with eleven children, eight of whom are living; Charles B., Benjamin F., May E., Richard B. (in Texas), Lemuel E., Robert L., William D. and Thomas J. Ella J., wife of James Ennis, died in 1882, William G. died in boyhood, and Ida died in in- fancy. Mr. and Mrs. Hall are both members of the Methodist Epis- copal church south. Although disappointed in his early professional ambition, he has so lived that, now his race of life being nearly run, he can look back over the past and forward into the future, seeing in the one nothing to regret, in the other nothing to fear. Even old age is brighter with hope to him than was youth itself, "For, as the evening twilight fades away The sky is filled with stars, invisible by day." HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 549 OVERTON C. HERN, farmer and school teacher, residence, section 11. The parents of Mr. Hern, Overton and Roxana B. (Crews) Hern, were both natives of Madison county, Kentucky, where they were reared, and were there married July 6, 1825. In 1830 they removed to this state, and, after stopping three years in Pike county, came on to Howard and settled on the place where he lived until his death, September 4, 1839, and where his widow still lives at the advanced age of seventy-seven, hav- ing been born October 31, 1806. Overton Hern, the father, was a carpenter by trade, and worked in that occupation when a young man, but a short time after his marriage turned his attention exclusively to farming. His place in this county contains 780 acres, and on this he opened his farm, improving it himself. He is buried on his home- stead. Five children were made fatherless by his death : (1) Mary, married John Patton and died April 20, 1854, leaving three children, Overton, Annie and Oscar, the two first of whom are now deceased ; (2) Sally A., wife of James Harvey; (3) Patsey, married T. H. Starns, and died November 21, 1853, at Parkville, Missouri ; (4) Isa E., widow of Dr. Henry De Messing, a noted dentist, and (5) Over- ton O, the subject of this sketch. Overton C. Hern was born Octo- ber 4, 1835, and was educated in the Howard high school of Fayette. He then clerked in a drug store about eighteen months, and after that began teaching school in the county, which he continued until 1855, when he went to Texas. He taught school in Hays and Travis coun- ties of that state about two years, after which he returned to Howard county, and has since followed school teaching and farming — teach- ing in the different districts in the vicinity of his farm. October 2, 1862, he was married to Miss Bettie R., daughter of Colonel Tom Patton, of this county. She was born May 14, 1841. A short time after this he settled on his present farm, which contains 240 acres of good land. Mr. and Mrs. Hern have eight children ; Thomas O., Paul C, Sallie M., Frank C, Ernest E., Roxana E., Mary D. and Harry. Both are members of the Christian church, and Mr. H. has been a fellow Mason for nearly twenty-five years. JOHN INNES was born in the Highlands of Scotland in 1843. His father, also John Innes, was born in 1807, and was married in 1840, in Elginshire, to Miss Jane Taylor, of Bauffshire, Scotland, who was born in 1819. They had fourteen children. The subject of this sketch, the second in number, lived with his father until 1867, when he emigrated to the United States, landing at New York and coming direct to Howard county, Missouri. Tin 1866 he was married to Miss Grace Grant, in Scotland. , She was the daughter of John Grant, of Nairnshire. They have six children living : John, James McDonald, Margaret J., Alex- ander T., Charles P. and William W. Two are deceased. 550 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. GENERAL BENJAMIN F. JACKSON, farmer, section 25. General B. F. Jackson, comes of one of the best families of this section of the state, a family that has won honorable distinction in peace and war, and is descended from a gallant soldier of the revolution. It is no disparagement toothers to say that his father, Judge Wade M. Jackson, was one of the purest and best men, and withal one of the most useful citizens that ever honored'Howard county by their citizenship. As a farmer he was more than ordina- rily industrious and successful, having improved several farms amounting in the aggregate to over 1,200. As a citizen he was ac- tively and liberally public-spirited, and took a deep interest in public affairs, having held many offices of trust and honor, among which were magistrate, county judge, and representative in the state legislature, each a number of terms. In church affairs he was one of the most zealous and exemplary laymen in his denomination — the Baptist. To his exertions and liberality, as much as to almost any others, Wil- liam Jewel college, at Liberty, owes its existence. For years he served as a trustee for Mount Pleasant Baptist college, another insti- tution he was largely instrumental in building up. A man of supe- rior intelligence and education, he wrote the " History of the General Baptist Association of Missouri " at the request of his denomination. He was born in Fleming county, Kentucky, December 3, 1797, and came to Boone county this state prior to 1823. The following year, 1824, he came to Howard county, and for six years superintended the salt works of Bass & Shackelford. After this, in 1831, he settled on the place where he died, March 22, 1879. He was twice married : first to Miss Sarah M., daughter of Judge Lawrence Bass, of Boone county, in 1823 ; eleven children resulted from this union, ten of whom are still living, and all have worthy families. His first wife died iu 1854, and in 1856 he was married to Miss Green Connor, a widow lady of Cooper county, daughter of John Spillman. One son, Wade M., now twenty-one years old, was reared of his second marriage. Judge Jackson's brother, Governor Claiborne F. Jackson, is so well known as to require only mention here. His grandfather, Joseph Jackson, was a native of Ireland, and his father, Dempsey, was a soldier in the revolutionary war. Four of the Judge's sons were gallant soldiers in the Confederate army, including Benjamin F., the subject of this sketch. Benjamin F. Jackson was born at the family homestead in this county, September 4, 1836, and was the fifth of six brothers by his father's first marriage. He was educated at Cen- tral college, and at fifteen years of age took charge of the local school of the neighborhood where he was reared. After teaching eight months he returned to college there taking a more advanced course of studies. In 1856 he engaged as book-keeper in ^i mercantile house in Centralia, Illinois, were he continued about three years, and in 1860 went to Texas. He was in that state when the war broke out in 1861, and enlisted in the Confederate service in Carter's cavalry regiment at Galveston, in answer to the first call for volunteers. He HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 551 commenced as a private, and by successive promotions rose to the rank of inspector general, which office he filled in General Steele's command. A short time after the general surrender in 1865, he surrendered at Columbus, Texas, and for two years following taught school in Grayson and Denton counties of that state. September 15th, 1867, he was married to Miss Mary E. Jennings, of Grayson county, Texas, and then engaged as book-keeper for the government at Fort Richardson. This position he held about twelve months, and in 1869 returned to his old home in Howard county, and settled on a part of the homestead farm. He now has a farm of 360 acres and has it well improved and well stocked. During the last three years of his father's life he had full charge of the former's business, and on Judge Jackson's death became executor of the estate, making final settlement in 1882. General and Mrs. Jackson have an inter- esting family of four children : Kate A., Stella M., Franklin D. and Eugeue. During the years 1877 and 1878, General Jackson had charge of the Howard county co-operative store and conducted it with superior business ability and success. He has been a member of the Masonic fraternity for twenty years. MARK JACKMAN, farmer, miller and distiller, Price Arnold, the father of Mr. Jack- man's mother, was one of the first settlers of Howard county. As far as known he brought the first wagon into the county that ever entered it. He also took a leading part in building Fort Head, in which he and his family, in common with the other pioneer settlers of the vicinity, lived for some time as a refuge from Indian out- breaks. In 1810 he built the first mill, according to the best informa- tion obtainable, ever constructed in the county — a horse-mill, built near the present residence of George W. Drake, in Moniteau town- ship. He died in this county in about 1832, his wife having preceded him to the grave, leaving two children, John and Polly. John married Miss Kate Head in Fort Hempstead, and this was one of the first marriages solemnized in this county. Polly married Porter Jackman in 1817, and of this union eight children, including Mark, the subject of this sketch, were born : Mark, the eldest ; Elizabeth, widow of John C. McKinney, of Boone county ; Nancy, wife of Lewis C. Walker, of Texas ; Hannah, wife of Newman T. Mitchell, of Boone county ; Miss Mary ; Susan, wife of Flavius McClure, of Pettis county ; William, of Vicksburg, Mississippi, and John L. died in California. Porter Jackman, the father of these, became one of the most success- ful farmers of the county and was largely interested in the tanning business. He established one of the first tanneries built in the county. He was from Mercer county, Kentucky, whence he came to this county in 1816. He and his wife both died at the old homestead in Moniteau township iu 1865 — he August 10, and she, October 9th. Both had been members of the Christian church for many years and were among the first of that denomination in the county. Mark Jackman was born 552 HiSTour of howakd and coopek counties. in Moniteau township, February 22, 1820. On grewing up he adopted farming as his occupation, to which he had >been reared, and which, in connection with milling and, in later years, distilling, he has since mainly followed. In 1849 he located on his present farm, but in 1850, during the gold excitement, he went to California. Be- turningin 1852 he resumed farming, and also engaged in milling and dealing in mules. He was very successful and took rank among the worthy citizens of the county. By the war he lost some twenty slaves. The mill that he has been running so many years was built originally by D. C. Champin, in about 1836, and was a water mill (on the Moniteau) but Mr. Jackmanhas long run it by steam power as well as water. In fact, it has been burnt and built anew, and is now one of the best flouring, grist and saw mills in the county. In 1877 he started a distillery in connection with it, and in this also he has been remarkably successful. He pays the government annually on the spirits he manufactures from $7,000 to $8,000. His distillery has a capacity for the manufacture of about 300 barrels of spirits a year. His farm contains 500 acres and on this he raises large quantities of grain and stock. Mr. Jackman is one of the most enterprising citi- zens of the county, and has the qualities in a marked degree that go to win success in life. He has been a member of the Masonic or- der at Rocheport for the last forty years. JOHN L. JONES, farmer, section 26. The subject of this sketch was in his eleventh year when his parents, Aquila and Letta (Hooper) Jones, started from middle Tennessee in the fall of 1818, for this state. Driving stock and coming across the country, they were on the way all winter, not arriving here until in the following spring. They settled on Sulphur creek near Glasgow, where their children grew up, and where the parents lived until their death. Their mother, who was originally from South Carolina, and had been twice married, her first husband having been" a Mr. Cooper, died in about 1834. Their father, a native of North Carolina, survived his wife some twenty-odd years, dying about 1847. Of their family of eight children, four sous and four daughters, but three are now living — Wilkerson, now a resident of Arkansas ; Malina, widow of James Wallace, of Macon City, Missouri ; and John L. John L. Jones was born in Davidson county, Tennessee, May 30, 1808, but was principally reared in this county. July 13, 1828, he was married, just across the line in Chari- ton county, to Mrs. Mary H. White, a young widow lady, whose maiden name was Troly. This union lasted fifty years, and was blessed with a family of nine children, but was at last broken by the death of Mrs. Jones, which occurred June 13, 1878. Of their chil- dren, however, but four are now living — Aquila, in Boone county; Patrick Henry, in Eureka Springs ; Mary E., wife of John Murray; and Louisa, wife of Franklin Carson. Those deceased are — Eleanor M., wife of John C. Thompson, Saline county; Jerusha A., wife of HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 553 Samuel Hans; John C, Marion A. and Charles W. Mr. Jones was a second time married, his present wife having been a Mrs. Per- necia Stickell, widow of Stickell. Her maiden name was Collet. Mrs. Jones also has a family of six children by her first husband, but one of whom is still with her. Since 1851, Mr. Jones has lived on his present farm, which, when he bought it, contained 425 acres. He now has 274 acres. It is the same tract of land on which Fort Head was built, in the pioneer days of the county. Both Mr. and Mrs. Jones are church members. He has been a member of the M. E. church for forty- two years. HUDSON Q. MARTIN, justice of the peace and farmer, section 13. Mr. Martin's life, since he started out in the world on his own responsibility, nearly forty years ago, may be divided into two distinct, and, in duration of time, nearly equal epochs, one of unusual activity and varied adventures,- and the other of quiet, successful farm life, content with the comforts of home and the esteem and friendship of all who know him. He was born in Madison county, Kentucky, December 3, 1828, and was the eighth of a family of nine children born to Hudson and Lucy (Hill) Martin, both originally from Virginia. However, the parents had come to Madison county, Kentucky, in an early day, and in 1839, when Hudson Q. was but a year old, they came to this state. On their way to Howard county, while coming through Warren county, the mother died ; but the father with the children came on, and settled in this county. Here the children grew up, and here, in 1868, the father died. At the age of eighteen Hudson Q., being of an enterprising dispostion and full of the spirit of adventure, went to Leavenworth, Kansas, and there, in August, 1846, enlisted in McMillan's company (Missouri cavalry), under General Sterling Price, and crossed the plains with his command, stopping finally at Santa Fe, New Mexico. They remained there until September, 1847. Returning then to his old home in Howard county, he continued here until 1850, when he again crossed the plains, this time bound for the gold diggings of California. He remained on the golden coast for ten years, engaged principally in mining, and then returned just in time for the stirring events of the war. He was one of the first to answer Governor Jackson's call for volunteers, and in May, 1861, be- came second lieutenant of a company of southern recruits. From this time, in rapid succession, he participated in the battles of Boon- ville, Springfield and Dry Wood. At camp Cow Skin, in Southwest Missouri, prior to the Springfield battle, he was made captain of the company, and, after the Dry Wood fight, he returned to Howard county to obtain more recruits for his company. He secured sixty men, but was captured by the Federal soldiers, having had some trying experiences while here, and was confined in the military prisons of St. Louis and Altoii, until 1862, when he was released on parole. He then came back to this county, resolved to remain true to his word 554 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. of honor; and, settling down to farming, was married May 22, 1862, to Miss Tillitha, daughter of Archibald Hill. However, contrary to all laws of war, in 1864, he was made subject to the Union draft, and determined if he had to fight he would fight according to his own honest convictions of the right, he re-enlisted in the Confederate army, or rather raised a company of Confederate volunteers, of which he was made captain, and joined Price's command at Lexington, Missouri. A short time after this he was commissioned by General Magruder to raise additional volunteers, for the Confederate service, and while proceeding north on this commission, was wounded twice in a skirmish, and subsequently surrendered at Arrow Rock. At the close of the war he resumed farming, which he has since followed. He has a good farm and generous cheer, by word and deed, for all who pass his way. He is a democrat, but liberal in his political as he is in his religious and other opinions. Formed on the good old plan, A true and brave and downright honest man ! He iBows no trumpet in the market-place, Nor in the church, with hypocrite face, Supplies with cant tlie lack of Christian grace ; Loathing pretence, he does with cheerful will What others talk of while their hands are still. He has been a member of the Masonic order for twenty years. Twice he has been warmly and strongly supported for the sheriffalty of the county, and he is now serving his second term as justice of the peace*. Mr. Martin's wife was taken from him by death — of heart disease — in 1880. She left no children. JAMES MITCHELL, farmer, section 5. That immigration is rapidly pouring into this state, and from the north at that — the best class of northern farm- ers — becomes apparent to any one who takes the trouble to invest- igate the facts. Among the many examples in proof of this that can be cited in almost every neighborhood, is that of Mr. Mitchell, of Moniteau township, who came here from Ohio in 1874 and bought a fine farm of 447 acres, and is now one of the leading farmers and most highly respected citizens of the county. He was born in Franklin county, Ohio, August 7, 1832, and was the second of a family of four children, viz. : Elizabeth, wife of John Garrett; Irving, Martha Ro- beck — all of Ohio — and himself. His father, James Mitchell, and mother, formerly Miss Elizabeth Keyser, were both originally from Pennsylvania to Ohio, but were reared in the last named" state. James, the subject of this sketch, was brought up on his father's farm, arid was educated in the common schools. April 1, 1854, he was married to Miss Caroline Meek, in his native county, and they fol- lowed farming there until their migration to this county, in 1874. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 555 They have nine children — Thomas F., Sylvia, Martha, Charley, Ed- mond, Sarah, William, Humphrey and Catherine — all at home. Mr. M. has been a member of the I. 6. O. F. for sixteen years. JOHN H. MURRAY, farmer, section 24. Mr. Murray's father, Hiram H. Murray, was originally from Virginia, but in early life came to Boone county, where he met and married Miss Nancy Inglehart, formerly of Ken- tucky. Of the children born of this union, nine are now liv- ing, including John H., the subject of this sketch. He was born in Boone county August 17, 1851, where he was reared and given an ordinary, good education in the common schools. At the age of twenty-two, June 6, 1873, he was married to Miss Mary E., daughter of John S. Jones. Farming has constituted his principal employ- ment in life, and in 1876 he located on his preseut place, in Moniteau township, which contains 239 acres. He raises about 100 acres of wheat, and other kinds of grain in proportion. He also has consid- erable live stock in excess of what he requires for his own use. Mr. and Mrs. Murray have two interesting children — John Lee and Hor- ace Early — the former aged three years and the latter one year old. Mr. M. is a member of the M. E. church. MRS. SALLIE PEELER, farm in section 18. Mrs. Peeler was left a widow with seven child- ren by the death of her husband, Alfred Peeler,, in 1867, since which the management of the farm has mainly devolved upon her. How- ever, she has been greatly assisted in this, in the last few years, by her son John A., now a young man twenty-three years of age. They have an excellent farm of 300 acres, and such has been the success with which it has been managed that she has been able to bring up all her children, the youngest of whom is now a young lady of eighteen years of age, giving them all good educational advantages as they grew up. Mrs. Peeler's husband, Alfred, was a son of David Peeler, mentioned in the sketch of William H., in this volume. Alfred Peeler was born in this county August 9, 1822. Reared on his father's farm, and receiving in youth an ordinary good education, when twenty-four years of age, September 26, 1848, he was married to Miss Mary Williams, now his widow, the subject of this sketch. After their marriage they settled on the farm where Mrs. Peeler now lives, and where, nineteen years afterwards, June 19, 1867, her hus- band was taken from her by death. Mrs. Peeler was a daughter of John and Mary (Stemmons) Williams, and was born in Madison county, Kentucky, March 24, 1829. Her father died in that county a short time after her birth, and whe~n she was but three years of age her mother came to this county and settled near Rocheport. Here, the same year, her mother met and married Judge David Pipes, men- tion of whom is made in the sketch of his son, George M. Pipes, 556 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. elsewhere in this work. Her mother is still living at the Pipes home- stead, just across the line in Boone county. To Mrs. Peeler and her husband were born seven children, all of whom are living — Georgia A., born October 24, 1851, wife of Elder G. A. Perkins, of Fayette; David E., born June 15, 1853, married and lives in California; Henry W., born October 20, 1855, lives near his mother ; Mary J., born September 13, 1858, attended Camden Point female college, and is now wife of George Perkins, of Columbia; John A., born September 8, 1860, assisting his mother in management of the farm ; Martha E., born January 3, 1863 ; and Maude, born October 15, 1865. Mrs. Peeler and her daughters are all members of the church at Ashland. WILLIAM H. PEELEE, farmer, section 8. Mr. Peeler's father, David, who was for many years a leading citizen of Howard county and a member of the legis- lature from this county in 1840, came originally from North Carolina, where he was born May 10, 1794. When a young man twenty-five years of age, in 1818, he, in company with his brother John came west and stopped in Howard county, where, about iwo years after- wards, David settled on the farm on which William H. now lives. Here he followed farming, and he also followed milling and distilling for a number of years, and became more than ordinarily well-to-do in life. He held the office of justice of the peace eight years, when that position was of some real dignity and importance, between the years 1830 and 1840, and at the election of the last named year he was elected to the legislature. He died April 30, 1882, at the advanced age of eighty-eight. He was twice married. His first wife, formerly Miss Sarah Wilcoxson, originally of Kentucky' , to whom he was mar- ried in 1821, died January 26, 1857. Ten children were born of this union, six ok whom are now living — Elizabeth, now Mrs. Geery; Joseph, Elde)/N. B., William H., Barnabetb, in California; Jas. D., in Eandolph county. Those deceased are Alfred, the eldest, who died in 1867 ; Martha H., wife of Henry Knaus, died in 1856 in Cooper county; Eebecca J., Wife of J. E. Sonsley, died in 1858 in St. Louis, and John O., died in 1877. His second wife, previously Miss L. A. Brown, born July 2, 1826, to whom he was married in 1863, died June 20, 1882, leaving two children — Eosa and George. William H. Peeler, son by his father's first marriage, was born in this county July 23, 1834, and in the same house where he now lives. When in his twentieth year he was married March 20, 1864, to Miss Eliza M. Atherton, a native of Illinois, in Alexander county, of that state. Eeturning then to his old home in Howard county, he re- sumed farming, which he has since followed. Of the original family homestead he has 210 acres, and his place is well improved and in good condition. He is an industrious, intelligent farmer, and as a citizen and 'neighbor is well respected. Mr. and Mrs. Peeler have a family of six children — Jennie A., William B., De Atherton, Charles F., James E., and Eva May. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 557 GEORGE M. PIPES, farmer, section 21. Judge David Pipes, father of George M., came to Boone county with his parents among the first settlers of the county, when he wasb ut nine years old. There he grew up in the pioneer days of the country, and after reaching manhood was married to Mrs. Mary Williams, widow of John Williams, and previously a Miss Stemmons, of which union George M., the subject of this sketch, was born. Judge Pipes being a man of more than ordinary intelligence and of great industry and enterprise, became a prominent citizen of the county and filled various public offices. George M. Pipes was born on his father's farm, two and a half miles from where he now lives, now owned by Mr. Sutherland, October 12, 1833, and was educated in the common schools. He remained with his father until twenty-three years of age, and on January 14, 1857, was mar- ried to Miss Fannie, daughter of.Wm. H. Settle, of Moniteau townt ship, this county. He then bought a part (153 acres) of his presen- farm, and since that time has added to his original tract, until now be has a place of 275 acres of excellent land, most of which is substan- tially and comfortably improved. He grows grain, principally wheat, about seventy-five acres, and other kinds in proportion. They have four children — Luther M., David F., Robert Emmet and Ora Kate. Luther is now married, his wife having been a Miss Ella Hart, of Boone county. They live near his father. Mrs. Pipes, wife of George M., died February 8, 1880. Mr. Pipes has been a member of the Christian church for nearly thirty years. For several years he has corresponded for the press of Boone and adjoining counties from Moniteau township, under the nom de plume of " Moniflfcau," and has acquired a wide reputation as an intelligent, versatile cor respondent. ALLEN PIPES, farmer. Mr. Pipes was the fourth of a family of eight children of George Pipes and wife, nee Jackman, who emigrated from Kentucky to Boone county, this state, in 1817, and afterwards, in 1822, settled in Howard county. The father was originally from North Carolina, and was a farmer by occupation, which he followed in this county until Ins death, October 2, 1846. The mother survived her husband twenty-three years, dying August 11, 1869. Allen Pipes was born be- fore his parents left Kentucky, in Washington (now Boyles) county, that state, October 20, 1815, but was principally reared in this county. Farming has constituted his occupation thus far through life, and he now owns an excellent place of 250 acres, and gives his atten- tion mainly to raising grain. Mr. Pipes has been twice married. His first wife, previously Miss Sallie A. Porter, of Audrain county, to whom he was married November 2, 1841, died in 1845, leaving two children, who soon followed her to the grave. He was not married again for some fifteen years. September 13, 1860, however, he was married to Miss Anna M. Cline, of this countv. They have had three 37 558 HISTOEY OF HOWARD AND COOPEE COUNTIES. children, two daughters, both of whom died in iufanoy, and a son, Allen, Jr., now sixteen years of age. Mrs. Pipes is a member of the Christian church. Mr. P. is a successful farmer and highly respected citizen. He resides on section 13. J. S. EAINS, stock dealer and farmer, section 10. Among the stock dealers and farmers of Howard county the above named gentleman is worthy of special notice. He has been engaged in farming in this county since the close of the civil war, and for some time past has been dealing ex- tensively in live stock, buying and shipping to St. Louis and other principal markets. The farm in which he, with some others, is inter- ested, contains over 700 acres, and on this Mr. Rains grows large quantities of wheat, corn, hay, etc., and he also raises considerable numbers of stock above what he requires for farm purposes. He was born in Richmond township, this county, February 17, 1842, and was the eldest of seven children of Allen and Margaret (Douglas) Rains. Of the children, five are now living. On attaining manhood, the war being then in jn-ogress, J. S. identified himself with the south, and was a member of General Poindexter's command ; but some time before the close of the struggle he went to Montana, where he engaged in mining and remained until the restoration of peace. He then re- turned to Howard, county and commenced farming, which he has since followed. September 8, 1870, he was married to Miss Lucy, daughter of E. P. Kirby, now of Randolph county, since which he has lived on his present farm. Mr. and Mrs. Rains have six children: Kirby, Jimmy, Wilbur, Clifton, Frank and Mary. Howard died iu infancy. Both parents are church members. THOMAS H. RICHARDS, farmer, section 24. Thomas H. Richards was born in Madison county, Kentucky, March 4th, 1824, and was a son of Reason and Elizabeth (Patterson) Richards, of that county. When he was three years of ao-e his parents removed to this state and settled on a farm in Boone county, where they reared their family. Thomas H. grew up on his father's farm and in October, 1848, was married to Miss Sarah A., daughter of Olmore and Martha Thompson, of this county. In 1850, Mr. Richards was attracted to California by the gold excitement, and there engaged in mining and freighting. Returning sometime afterwards, however, in 1855, he settled on the farm where he now li ves — in Howard county — which contains 240 acres of good land, and is comfortably and substantially improved. Mr. Richards is an energetic, good farmer, and is well respected as a neighbor and a citizen. He has a family of eight children : Wm. E., Anna M., Amanda I., Melia F., Julia D., Thomas C, Sarah C. and Emma M. One is dead, Martha E., born September 21st, 1850, died June 3d, 1873. Misses Anna and Julia attended the Howard female college, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 559 at Fayette. Mr. Richards has been a member of the Methodist church south, siuce 1844, and has long been a trustee of his church and an earnest, zealous worker in the Sunday school. He is now superintendent of the neighborhood Sunday school. He was in the Confederate armyfrom 1864 until the war closed, having joined General Price's command, near Lexington, this state, and surrendered at Shreveport, Louisiana. His father died some ten years ago, but his mother is still alive, residing with her youngest son, in Boone county, at the advanced age of eighty-three. JOHN DOYLES RICKETTS, farmer, stock raiser, etc. Mr. Ricketts came to Howard county, in a comparatively early day, and in 1836, settled on the farm where he now lives. He first bought 250 acres and improved it himself. After- wards he added to it until his farm numbered 560 acres, its present dimensions. He became and still is a very successful farmer. During the war, however, he sustained considerable losses, and among others his slave property, consisting of ten negroes. During and before the war, he dealt in stock and was quite successful in that line of busi- ness. He was born in Jessamine county, Kentucky, December 11th, 1806, and was the youngest of a family of ten children, of Thomas Eicketts, originally from Maryland, and wife, formerly Miss Martha Wilson. Of ten, but two, himself and a sister, Mrs. Martha Davis, of Midway, Kentucky, are now living. John D. was married to Miss Martha, daughter of Dr. Crews, of Madison county, Kentucky, Feb- ruary 20th, 1834. This union proved a happy one and lasted for forty-four years, but was finally broken by thedeath of his beloved wife, February 4th, 1878. Nine children were born to them, two of whom died after reaching their majority, two in youth and one in infancy. Those living are John K., Samuel C, Benj. W. and Luther M. Luther M. Ricketts, the youngest son living, is now managing his father's farm. He was born October 31st, 1854, and was married after attaining his majority to Miss Luella, daughter of Mrs. Olive A. Rowland. They have one sou, born August 14th, 1880. James D. Ricketts' deceased children are as follows: Edward, the eldest, died in infancy; David, died October 22, 1868, aged thirty-two ; Margaret E., died aged four months ; Wm. H. C, died August 28, 1865, aged twenty-two, and Hugh D., died November 11th, 1863, aged twelve years. JOHN K. RICKETTS, farmer and stock raiser and dealer, section 15. Among the names of the enterprising, intelligent and successful farmers and stockmen of Howard county, the name that heads this sketch justly occupies a prominent and conspicuous place. Mr. Ricketts' farm is not one of the largest in the county, although it is by no means a small one, containing as it does 360 acres, but considering its size, it has but few, if any superiors as a grain and stock farm in the township. It is exceptionally well 560 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. divided into fields for cultivation, clover and timothy meadows, blue grass pastures, etc., and besides raising large quantities of grain and hay, Mr. Eicketts also l'aises considerable numbers of cattle, sheep and hogs, and other live stock. He was born in the township where he now lives, November 11, 1840. His father, John D., and mother, Martha Eicketts, came from Jessamine county, Kentucky, in 1836, and set- tled on a farm in this township. There were eight children born, four of whom are still living, including John K. He was in the Confeder- ate army during the war and was captured during Poindexter's raid, and confined in Alton prison six months. After the war, December 21, 1865, he was married in Moniteau township to Miss Mary F. daughter of Allen Eains, of this county. They have one child, a daughter, Miss Maggie, now attending the female college in Fayette. Mr. E. settled on his present farm in 1867, which then contained only 175 acres, since which he has added to it until it has reached its present proportions. He has been a member of the Masonic fraternity at Fayette for about twenty years. For a number of years past he has been a member of the democratic central committee of the county. JOHN F. EIDGWAY, section 35. On the farm where he now lives, John F. Eidg- way was born January 16, 1834. He was the seventh of a family of eleven children born to Thomas Eidgway and wife, previously Miss Sarah Staniford — the father a native of Kentucky, but the mother originally from South Carolina. However, they both came to this state early in life, where they met and married, and then reared their family in this county. Thomas Eidgway was a successful farmer, and died at an advanced age at his homestead, where his son, John F., now lives, in 1872. His wife followed him to the grave in 1875. Of their family of children besides John F., seven are now living, Luvena, wife of Colonel Minor ; Lurano, wife of Frank Tolson ; Eliza A., wife of Oscar Eawlings ; George, Mary J., wife of John Burreughs ; Enoch C, of Macon City ; and William. John F. was married in October, 1861, to Miss Virginia B. daughter of Dr. J. W. Eedmon, and then went to Linn county, this state, where he lived until 1877, when he returned to the old family homestead on which he has since lived. It contains 400 acres and he is one of the well-to-do farmers of the county. He has been running a threshing machine for several years and has met with excellent success. Mr. and Mrs. Eidgway have four children, Charles, Willie, Mertil and Gertie. JUDGE EOBEET A. EOWLAND, deceased. Judge Eowland, who for nearly forty years had been a citizen of Howard county, abundantly successful as a farmer and eminently re- spected as a citizen, died suddenly of pneumonia, at his homestead in Moniteau township, December 23, 1878, eight days before he was to have taken his seat as an associate justice of the county court. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPKR COUNTIES. 561 " He gave his honors to the world again, His blessed past to Heaven, and slept in peace." His parents, Thomas and Elizabeth Rowland, were early settlers of Boone county, and there Judge Eowland was born February 27, 1821. Reared on a farm, he grew up amidst the honest, healthful surround- ings of country life, and thus in youth formed a character for honor and integrity, and habits of industry and plain, frugal tastes that could hardly have failed to bring him success and deserved popularity in after life. Foreseeing the importance of a good practical education when he should come to engage in the responsible activities of life, he lost no time while still young to improve his mind by study, both in the schools he attended and by diligent study at home. Hence he ac- quired an education above the average of the attainments of those around him. Thus prepared for the responsibilities of life, at the age of twenty-one he pushed out into the world for himself. Yielding to his natural preferences for agricultural pursuits, he adopted farming as his occupation, and followed it without intermission through life. In 1845 he located in Howard county, and April 7, 1846, was married to Miss Olive A., daughter of John B. and Sally (Matheney) Keithly, early settlers and highly-respected residents of Boone county. Bring- ing his young wife to his new home, the following year he bought the farm, or a part of it, on which his subsequent life was spent, and where he reared his family. They were blessed with ten children : Thomas B., Homer M. (a prominent minister of the gospel in Texas) ; Luella, wife of L. M. Ricketts ; James F., Isaac N., in Texas ; Cora, died in girljiood ; Robert L., died in his second year ; William J. and Ola M. During the war he served under General Poindexter, but was captured and confined in Gratiot street prison, St. Louis, and in Alton mil- itary prison — in the latter one year. After his release from prison, he served under General Price until the general surrender. Returning then to his farm, he led a quiet, successful and retired life until his death. Although averse to public life of any kind, such was his well- known worth and qualifications, and his wide-spread popularity, that in 1878 he was elected to the office of county judge against his express wishes. Worthy as his life had been, he died a worthier death — in the full faith that One short sleep past we make eternally, And Death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die. JAMES T. SCOTT, . general merchant at Sebree. This gentleman was born in Port Royal, Henry county, Kentucky, September 5, 1848, and in 1866 came with his parents to Missouri, and stopped at Madison, Monroe county, where he learned the shoemaker's trade, but did not follow it after- ward. He then engaged in school teaching, having received a good education in youth, which he continued about three years. December 29, 1872, he was married to Miss Ida Wilson, of Madison, and in 1877 562 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. came to Sebree, and became interested with his brother in their pres- ent business. In 1879 he became sole proprietor of the store, and has since conducted it alone with excellent success. He carries a large and well selected stock of goods and has a wide and rapidly increasing trade. Mr. and Mrs. Scott have but one child, Henry, aged six years. Mr. Scott's parents, W. H., and Nancy (McKendree) Scott live in Howard county, near Burton. WILLIAM SHIELDS, farmer, section 15. James Shields and William Johnson were both early settlers of Howard county, and here each reared a family of children. Of the family of the former, Thomas Shields, who was born in Kentucky before his father left that State, was married here to Miss Frances, daughter of William Johnson, she also being a native of Kentucky. William Shields, the subject of this sketch, was born of this union September 19, 1835. His father, who was a successful farmer, died July 27, 1865, his mother surviving her husband about sixteen years, dying only two years ago, October 20, 1881. Wil- liam followed farming after he grew up until the outbreak of the war, and then enlisted in the Confederate service and participated in the Boonville and Lexington battles, and in several of the others that followed in which Price's army took part. While with General Poin- dexter he was captured at Laclede, and afterwards confined in the mili- tary prisons of St. Louis and Alton about six months. After this he rejoined Price and was with his command in the last campaign in this state. He continued in the service until the general surrender at Shreveport, Louisiana. Returnins; home, he resumed farming, which he has since followed. May 8, 1872, he was married to Miss Mary J., daughter of James P. Manion, after which he settled on his present farm, containing 160 acres of land, a part of the original tract purchased by his father. Mr. and Mrs. Shields have two sons, James and Sonie. Mr. S. is a member of the Christian church. JAMES SMITH, farmer, section 5. Mr. Smith is now closely approaching his eigthieth year, and for over twenty-five years he has been a citizen of Howard county. He has been a member of the Christian church for over forty- five years, and in early life often heard discourses by Alexander Camp- bell and other great ministers and founders of that denomination. He was born in Madison county, Kentucky, February 15, 1804, and was a son of James and Margery Smith, of that state. His father, how- ever, was originally from Ireland, and his mother was a native of Pennsylvania. When twenty-one years of age, in 1825, James Smith came to this state, making the trip from New Madrid across the coun- try, finding Columbia, to which point he came, a small village with its streets still uncleared of stumps. From Columbia he went to New Orleans by flat-boat, but after a short stay in the south returned to HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 563 Kentucky where, in 1827, he was married to Miss Nancy Howard. He remained in his native state until 1857, and then came with his family to Cooper county, this state, and the following year settled in Howard county. His first wife died in 1862, having borne him ten children, seven of whom are still living, Presling, Kate D., Ben. H., in Bates county; Jason, William, James T., and Solon, present judge of the probate court. In 1863 he was again married, Mrs. Sallie Bondurant, widow of Captain John Bondurant, formerly a Miss Crews, becoming his second wife. He and his present wife were old schoolmates in Kentucky, and after over forty years of separation, during which each had married and reared families, their companions dying, they met and were married in this state. Mr. Smith has an excellent farm and a good, comfortable home, where he and his wife are spending the evening of their lives in the renewal of a friendship that began in youth, which age has ripened to affection. WILLIAM SMITH, farmer, section 16, the seventh son of James Smith, whose sketch precedes this, was born in Madison county, Kentucky, February 11, 1833. In 1854 he came to Boone county, this state, on horseback, in company with Frank Fowler, now a well-to-do farmer of Cass county. Mr. Smith has been not less successful than his companion. Coming on to Howard county, after several years spent in Boone and Cooper counties, he made his permanent home in the neighborhood where he still lives, and since 1869 he has resided on his present farm. It num- bers 250 acres of excellent land. Besides this, he has 100 acres of fine bottom land. He is a thorough-going, enterprising farmer, and as a citizen is public-spirited and well- respected. He has been a school director for sixteen years, and is a member of the A. O. U. W. May 24, 1866, he was married to Miss Mariah L., daughter of Rich- ard Eobinson, now of Colorado, but then of this county. She was born in the neighborhood where they now live, January 25, 1844. They have seven children — Sallie, Bettie and Pensa (twins), Nannie M., Katie, Emma and Howard. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are both mem- bers of the Christian church. FEDERAL WALKER, deceased. There are few old citizens of Howard county to whom the name that heads this sketch is not as familiar almost as a household word. And such was the character of the man, such the prominence and use- fulness of his life in the great work that has been performed in the county, — the transformation of its trackless wilds into smiling fields and happy homes, the abode of a prosperous and progressive people — that his name should be transmitted to succeeding generations and held in grateful remembrance as one of the foremost and worthiest of the brave-hearted pioneer settlers, who laid broad and deep the founda- tions of civilization in this then Indian-sentineled and panther-haunted 564 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. wilderness. He came of a family whose character bespoke the promi- nence and usefulness of his own career. His ancestors were among the adventurous baud of pioneers that, like the sea-tossed heroes of Homer, threaded their way across the Atlantic and planted civilization on the shores of Maryland. True to the well-known law of geneal- ogy, that, in a family which does not degenerate, the strong qualities of the ancestor reappear in the descendant, John Walker, awaj^back in the latter part of the seventeenth century, became a sturdy pioneer settler in Kentucky, crossing the blue heights of the Alleghauies from his native Maryland to make his home in the green wilderness of the west. He prospered abundantly in his adopted state and reared a worthy family, Federal Walker being one of his sons. The father died in 1815. Federal was born on the 14th of August, 1796, aiid was, therefore, nineteen years of age at the time of his father's death. If, in the new country in which he was brought up, he did not enjoy the educational advantages to be had in older communities, the natu- ral vigor of his mind and constitution at least escaped the effemi- nating influences of the schools, and acquiring, mainly by private study, a sufficient knowledge of books for all practical purposes, he was better qualified for the life he was destined to lead than if, in starting out in the world for himself, he had received a gilt-letter di- ploma between kid-gloved fingers. Before his father's death he had seen more of the west and far southwest than most old men around him. He had travelled through Texas and all the intermediate coun- try, and had " prospected " considerably over Missouri ; was in Jfew Madrid, this state, at the time of the great earthquake of 1812. After extensive travel, and weighing the advantages offered by different lo- calities, he concluded to settle in Howard county, and, returning to Kentucky, he wooed and won the heart and hand of Miss Sarah Dunn, of his native state. They were married May 4, 1823. She was born June 26, 1800. This proved a long and happy union, continuing un- broken by the hand of death until far into the twilight of their lives. With hearts buoyant with a prophetic realization of their future pros- perity, they started on their westward journey to Howard county the following fall. Arrived here, they went to work with a cheerfulness, energy and intelligence that could not but result in making their dreams of the future a tangible reality. Mr. Walker entered 275 acres of wild land from the government, and by tireless toil soon had a comfortable home. As years rolled on he continued to prosper, until, when but little beyond the mid-noon of life, he found himself the possessor of over 3,000 acres of fertile land and the owner of sixty likely slaves. Heaven prospered his married life no less than the sea- sons, and soil prospered his industry. Eight worthy children were sent to brighten his home — the pledges of heaven that his name should not perish from the earth. All grew to maturity, and seven became the parents of families themselves. Following are the names of his children: John, Robert D., married Elizabeth, daughter of Judge Jackson, now in Texas, and died January 15, 1879 ; Thomas H., married Anna Burnette,.of Chariton county, and now resides in HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 565 Saline county ; Lewis E., married Nancy, daughter of Porter Jack- son, and now lives in Texas ; George W., married Mary E., daughter of Rev. David Fisher, and died February 28, 1874 ; Christopher C, referred to below; Mary R., and Nancy J. The mother of these, worthy both in mind and heart to have been, as she was, the wife of one of nature's noblemen, died at the age of sixty-eight, on the 1st of September, 1868. The father died ten years afterwards, aged eighty- two, August 5, 1868. Both were for many years members of the Christian church. Christopher C, the youngest of the sons, now re- sides on a part of the old family homestead, which was partitioned as a legal result of his father's death. The son's place contains about 400 acres of excellent land, and is one of the most valuable farms of the county. Christopher C. was born April 8, 1834, and as he grew up, received his education in the common schools. On the 23d of June, 1858, he was married, in Hinds county, Mississippi, to Miss Elizabeth Mount, who was born at Alexandria, October 1, 1837. They have had a family of five children — Arthur William, who died in infancy; Sallie Clara, Linnie D., Bettie F., and Charles C. Mrs. Walker is a member of the M. E. church. Mr. Christopher Walker's whole life, thus far, has been spent on the farm. During the late war he remained at home and attended to his father's farming and business interests, taking no part in the struggle. He is an energetic farmer and highly esteemed citizen and neighbor. HUMPHREY ROBINSON WALKER, farmer, section 10. Mr. Walker, son of Hon. John Walker, now state auditor of Missouri, and grandson of Federal Walker, deceased, for over half a century one of the first farmers and most prominent citizens of Howard county, is a young man whose career, thus far, and whose character give every promise that his future, both as a farmer and citizen, will fulfil the expectations his antecedents and opportunities in life justly inspire. He was born on the 19th of September, 1853, on a part of the old Robinson homestead, upon which he now lives. His mother, previous to her marriage a Miss Eliza Robinson, was a daughter of Jared Robinson, now deceased, for many years a leading farmer and an influential citizen of the county. Of this family there are two besides Mrs. Walker ; a sister, Nannie May, and a brother Jared, Jr. The sister is now the wife of Wm. Payne ; the brother, a graduate from the Agricultural college of Columbia, Missouri., is now a successful farmer of the county. Humphrey R. Walker was reared on the farm, and in early youth attended the or- dinary schools of the neighborhood. Subsequently, after a thorough preparatory course, he entered the State University of Columbia, in which he continued as a student for two years, but was called away before graduating, to enter upon the duties of the farm. Since then he has been interested in the management of the place, which contains nearly 400 acres of land, and in the discharge of these duties he has shown, by the success he has had, that he possesses 566 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. all the qualities, to a marked degree, necessary to a progressive, en- terprising and thrifty farmer. Since 1874 he and his brother have been farming together. Mr. Walker is destined to become a useful and prominent citizen. GEORGE H. WHITE, general merchant and stock buyer and shipper. In the mercantile line Mr. White carries a large and well selected stock of general mer- chandise, and commands an extensive and lucrative trade. He also does an important business in buying and shipping live stock of all kinds, his transactions as a stock dealer amounting to heavy aggre- gates in the course of the year. He was born in Rocheport, Boone county, Missouri, May 17th, 1854, and was the seventh of a family of eleven children, six of Whom are now living : Laura, widow of Thomas Cook : Sarah, wife of John Street, of Fayette ; Thomas J. , of Randolph county; Edwin, sheep raiser in Texas ; George H., our subject, and Benton, farmer on the old homestead. December 24th, 1874, George H. White, the subject of this sketch, was married to Miss Lucy Rucker, daughter of William H. Rucker, of Howard county. They have three ehildren, Benton, Mattie and Mary E. Mr. White is a member of the A. O. U. W. As a business man he is energetic and enterprising, and has the confidence of the community with which he deals. Well qualified for business, both by education and experience, his career has been marked by excellent success. EZEKIEL H. WOOD, farmer, sections 35 and 36. Ezekiel H. Wood was born in Brown county, Ohio, December 12, 1818, but was reared in Mason county, Kentucky, where his parents removed when he was quite young. His grandfather on his father's side was a soldier in the Continental army during the revolution, and was afterwards for many years a zealous and able minister of the gospel. It is a tradition handed down in the family that he baptized the first convert ever baptized in the Ohio river. Jesse Wood, Ezekiel's father, was a farmer by occupation, and reared his family in Mason county, Kentucky, having married Miss Kiturah, daughter of Andrew Thorp, who also removed to Kentucky in an early day. Ezekiel remained in the county where he was brought up until 1864, when he migrated to Missouri and settled in Boone county. Before coming to this state he had been married, but lost his wife May 2, 1857. Her maiden name was Mary E. Power. They were married in Mason county, Kentucky, September 20, 1834. At her death she left two children — Joseph P., who died when but a year old, and Kiturah Ellen, who died in this county, aged seventeen. In 1868 Mr. Wood came to Howard county, from Boone, and settled on the farm where he has ever since lived — the well-known "Alvin Miller farm." It contains nearly 300 acres and is all improved. Mr. W. is an industrious, successful farmer, and is well-to-do in life. Farming, however, is not the only industry he has followed; He was engaged in " flat-boating" to and from New Orleans for sonie time ,*, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 567 in an early day, and later he was a manufacturer of stoneware for about six years. June 4, 1870, he was married to Miss Margaret A., daughter of Samuel Pearson, an old citizen of Howard county. They have one child, Mary E., aged eleven years. Mr. Wood, has been a member of the Christian church for over forty-one years, and in early life often heard Jacob Creath, "Raccoon" J. Smith, and other emi- uent divines preach. His uncle, Christopher Wood, was the cele- brated spy in the service of General Harrison during the war of 1812. TOWNSEND WRIGHT, farmer, section 26. Mr. Wright's father, Townsend, Sr., was one of the eai'ly settlers of this county. He was a native of Virginia, but removed to Madison county, Kentucky, whence, in 1817, he came to Howard county. Here he lived until his death, in 1862, and became a very successful farmer, and was a highly esteemed eitizen of the county. He was twice married : first in this county to Miss America, daughter of John and Nancy (Roberts) Sanford, who came here from Kentucky in 1812. His first wife died in 1834. Eight children were born of this union, three sons and five daughters, all of whom lived to reach their majority, and most of them married and reared fami- lies. The year following their father was again married, Miss Lucy, daughter of Reuben Barnes, of Boone county, becoming his second wife. She died November 17, 1881. Of this marriage Townsend, Jr., the subject of this sketch, and five others, were born, two of whom are dead. Townsend, Jr., was the second of this family, and was born December 15, 1836, on his father's old homestead, about three and one-half miles south of where he now lives. He was mar- ried March 19, 1868, to Miss Octavia, daughter of Judge Wade M. Jackson. She was born in 1844. They have five children : Craven J., Claiborne F., JamesT., Townsend, Jr., and Robert L. Two daugh- ters, Carrie P., the eldest child, and Sallie N., the fourth, died in infancy. At the age of twenty-one, Mr. Wright began to work for himself, and two years afterwards, in 1859, went to California, but returned in 1860. In 1862 he joined General Poindexter's command while the latter was in this state, but was captured soon after the La- clede affair and confined in Gratiot street prison, St. Louis, and the military prison at Alton , together about four months. Released then, he returned home and remained until 1864, when he enlisted in Cap- tain Martin's command as first lieutenant, and served under General Price until the close of the war. He was in the battles of Big Blue, Ball's Prairie, and others, during the latter part of the war. Return- ing home after the restoration of peace he resumed farming, and in 1867 was engaged in buying tobacco. Soon after his marriage he settled on his present farm, where he has 320 acres of good land, and besides this he has about 100 acres of the old family homestead. He grows grain and raises stock and has some high-grade cattle, about eighty, head, and also about 100 head of good sheep, besides other live stock. He has been a member of the Baptist church since 1866, and a member of the Masonic order about eighteen years. 568 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES < LEE WEIGHT, farmer, section 15. Lee is a brother of Townsend Wright, whose sketch precedes this, and was the youngest of the five children by his father's second marriage. He was born April 10, 1845, and, having been reared on a farm, he has followed farming as his occupation ever since he started out in life for himself. During General Price's last campaign in this state, however, he joined the latter's command, and adhered to the southern standard until the general surrender in 1865, participating in all the leading battles in which the command was en- gaged from the time he entered it until the close of the war. After the return of peace he resumed farming, and " Venus, thy eternal sway All the race of men obey;" On the 16th of January, 1868, he was married to Miss Eupha Hardin, daughter of Joseph Hardin, of this county. Three children have been vouchsafed to them as the favors of Heaven : Mattie Lee, Morti- mer Boyd and Joseph Hardiu. Mr. and Mrs. Wright are both mem- bers of the Baptist church of Mt. Gilead. His homestead is a neat farm of about 160 acres, and is comfortably and substantially im- proved. PEAIKIE TOWNSHIP. CAPT. JOHN W. BAGBY, attorney at law and notary public. John Bagby, the father of John W., was a native of Virginia, and was a soldier in the war of 1812. After the close of that struggle he settled in Scott county, Kentucky, where he married and lived until he came to this county with his fam- ily, in 1827. His wife was formerly a Miss Mildred Ward, and of this union John W. was born in the county where they resided in Ken- tucky, September 13, 1827. In early youth the son received such an education as could be had in the log school houses of those days, and when fifteen years of age went to work with his uncle, William Bagby, in the carpentering and wagon and carriage making business, which he has followed, with considerable intervals of time devoted to other pursuits, from then until within the last few years. However, in 1846 he enlisted in Captain John K. Smith's company, designed for the Mexican war, and followed the stars and stripes into the land of the cactus and pine to the city of Mexico. He was honoi'ably discharged at Louisville, Kentucky, in August, 1848. From that time until 1853 he worked at his trade in Roanoke. That year he began merchandis- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 569 ing in Trenton, Missouri, and continued in business there with excel- lent success until the outbreak of the war. The same spirit that ani- mated his father in 1812, and himself in 1846, prompted him again to become a soldier of the line. He enlisted in the Confederate service, among the first that answered the bugle-call, and was of the last that left the tented field. He began as a private, and for meritorious conduct became a captain. Higher commissions were offered him, but he declined them. On two different occasions his body received the bullets that were kindly sent to restore a union of hearts as well as of sisterly, affectionate states. With the return of peace, having been broken up bj' the war, he returned to his trade in Roanoke. He con- tinued to work at this until 1875, when, his health failing him, he began the practice of law, giving his attention also to conveyancing as a notary public, and to the insurance business. As a man of superior intelligence, and of an aspiring mind, he had been giving his attention to the law some years before he began to practice, and was not with- out substantial qualifications when he entered the profession. Cap- tain Bagby also conducts an undertaking business in Roanoke, in which he has been interested for some years. July 11, 1849, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Terrell, formerly of Kentucky. They have five children: Lewis, James H., David, Robert and Bettie. The captain is a member of the Christian church, and is a Royal Arch Mason. R. J. BAGBY, M. D., physician and druggist. Doctor Bagby, brother to Captain Bagby, whose sketch precedes this, was born after his parents came to this county, September 11, 1832. His father was a substantial and highly respected farmer, and the early youth of the doctor was spent on the farm in the usual farm duties, a part of each year, however, being occupied with attending the neighborhood schools. When eighteen years of age, being then prepared to enter upon a higher course of studies, he became a student in the Fayette high school, where he con- tinued until 1852. He then taught school one year, and immediately thereafter commenced the study of medicine under Dr. P. B. Chides, re- maining with him one year. The following year he studied under Doctor Thomas J. Blake, and in 1854-55 attended the St. Louis Medi- cal college. After the conclusion of the college term of '55, he re- turned to Roanoke and engaged in the practice of his profession, since which he has followed it with ouly two interruptions, one of a year, during which he practised in Chariton county, and the other in the winter of 1862-63, when he attended the St. Louis Medical college, graduating in March of the succeeding spring. As a physician the doctor enjoys an excellent reputation as a skilful and successful prac- titioner. That his professional career has been successful in a substan- tial way as well as in reputation, is evidenced by his present comfort- able situation in life. His drug store is a good one and commands a wide and lucrative trade. May 12, 1856^ he was married to Miss 570 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Permelia Twyman, formerly of Virginia, but she died January 2, 1872, leaving three children: Hugh B., Walter and William H. His second wife was also a Miss Twyman, — Alice H. They have three children : Noble C„ John W- and Kobert J. W. E. P. BRIGGS, one of the leading and most influential citizens of this township, was born in Pike county, Missouri, February 25, 1827. In 1841, he took up his permanent location in Howard county, where he has since been recognized as a representative man of the community in which he lives. He now resides on section 25, where he owns a farm of 250 acres of well improved land. Upon this is a substantial barn, house and other buildings. Mr. Briggs married Miss Mary A. Thorp, of this county, September 15, 1853. They have nine children ; David J., Fanny B., Lulu E., Hattie B., Thomas H., William J., RobertP., Katie M. and Wade H. They are members of the Baptist church. Mr. Briggs belongs to the Masonic order. CAPTAIN ALEXANDER DENNY, farmer and stock raiser and dealer. Captain Denny's life has been more than an ordinarily active one, as well as more than ordinarily successful. Soldiering, school teaching, mining, teaming, merchan- dising, farming and the stock business are the occupations that have successfully employed his time from early manhood to the middle of the afternoon of life, and in all of them he has shown that he possesses the qualities that win success in whatever situation one may be placed. Some will fail anywhere, others nowhere, and Captain Denny is one of the latter class. He was born in this county, June 17th, 1826, and was a son of James Denny and wife, formerly Miss Elizabeth Best, both natives of Kentucky. They were married here, however, in 1818, the same year that his father cast his fortunes with the "Boone's Lick country." Alexander grew up on his father's farm in this county, and in youth secured a good ordinary English educa- tion in the common schools and by diligent study at home. When twenty years of age, being naturally of a spirited and enterprising disposition, he became a soldier in the Mexican war, enlisting under the old Missouri hero, General Doniphan, in 1846, and serving until the general discharge at New Orleans, in 1847. He then came home and engaged in school teaching, which he followed until 1849. That year the California gold excitement broke out, and young Denny was one of the first to brave the hardships and dangers of a trip across the plains and over the cloud-capped heights of the Cordilleras, to the Hesperian gardens of the Pacific coast. Nor was he one of the faint- hearted many that lost their courage amid the trials of pioneer ex- jDerience and returned to the feather-bed ease of home life. He re- mained until 1856, digging deep into the bowels of the earth for gold, and teaming through the Indian hemmed mountain canons. His Cal- HISTOKY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 571 if'ornia life was not without substantial results. Returning home in 1856, he engaged in merchandising and farming. In 1871 he con- ducted a successful store in Roanoke, but that year sold out and turned his whole attention to farming and the stock business. He has a magnificent farm of a thousand acres finely improved, on which he grows grain and other products and raises stock on an extensive scale. He is also one of the leading stock dealers in the county. During the late war, Captain Denny commanded a company of enrolled militia, and acquitted himself of the service with marked honor. January 22d, 1856, he was married to Miss Mary A. Snoddy, and eight children bless their conjugal life: Lizzie B", Joe S., Fossie, Kate M., Zannie M., Ula B., James M. and David B. The "black camel, Death," as Abd-el-Kadir has appropriately named it, has knelt at their door, and a loved one, a son, George C., has been borne away. J. R. DENNEY. In the year 1826, there was born in Howard county, Missouri, to Charles and Jennie Deuuey, a son whom they called J. R. Denney, and whose name heads this sketch. He has ever made this county his home, and has given his attention to farming and the raising of stock, in which occupation he has become very successful. He at present resides on section 32, where he owns a fine farm of 205 acres, with the necessary buildings upon it. He' is unmarried. W. E. DENTITH, senior editor of the Autograph, at Armstrong. Mr. Dentith is a native of England, and was born in Manchester, August 22d, 1858. His father was a surgeon-major in the English army. When a lad ten years of age, young Dentith came to America, landing at Galves- ton, Texas, where he grew to manhood and lived until coming to Missouri, in 1882. He received a good practical education in the schools of Galveston, and after growing up entered the office of the Galveston JVews to learn the newspaper business. He continued in that office and the offices of other papers for seven years, thus acquir- ing a thorough practical knowledge of the business. Coming to this state in 1882, in January of the following year he established the Autograph at Armstrong. The ability and energy with which this paper has been conducted speaks in the highest terms of the qualifica- tions of Mr. Dentith, both as an editor and business man. On the 23d of November, 1880, he was married at Galveston, Texas, by Rev. Dr. Bird, of Trinity church, to Miss Lucy L. McKown, daughter of Judge McKown, of that city. They have one child, a son. J. F. EVANS, a member of the firm of Sullivan & Evans, dealers in geueral mer- chandise at Armstrong, is a native of this (Howard) county, and was 572 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. born October 11, 1844. His parents, Thomas and Mary Evans, orig- inally from Madison county, Kentucky, came to Howard county, Mis- souri, in 1818. J. F. Evans married Miss -Katie M. Snavely, of this county. They have had four children, three of whom are living: Leonard L., Elmer E., and an infant. They are members of the M. E. church, and Mr. Evans belongs to lodge No. 270, A. O. U. W., of Armstrong. This firm are receiving a large share of patronage in their line of business, and are recognized as substantial business men. C. R. EVANS, general merchant. Just as Mr. Evans reached the age that young men usually start out in life on their own responsibility, the war broke out, and for four or five years all sorts of business were so* unsettled in this section of the state that no one could think of engaging in any line of industry, with any reasonable degree of safety. As the war. progressed, practically every one qualified for military service became identified with one side or the other, and he with the rest. In 1864 he enlisted in company C, Elliott's regiment, Shelby's division, and served until the close of the struggle. He was twenty-three years old when peace was declared, having been born in this county January 27, 1842. Reared on his father's farm and educated in the common schools, he was qualified to teach school, and, as no other equally ad- vantageous employment was open to him, he followed that calling for one year, after which he secured a position as clerk in a general store in Roanoke. In this he continued about six years, during which he not only thoroughly mastered the practical details and the general system of merchandising, but by economy and upright, gentlemanly conduct so fortified himself in the confidence and esteem of the public that he was not wanting for means and ample credit when, in 1876, he determined to begin business on his own account. The same quali- ties that made him a successful and popular clerk have made him a successful and popular merchant, and he now commands a lucrative and rapidly increasing trade throughout the surrounding country. May 18, 1881, he was married to Miss Mattie Prewitt, and one child, Fannie M., was born to them, but " 'Ere sin could blight or sorrow fade Death came with friendly care ; The opening bud to Heaven conveyed And bade it blossom there.'* In 1876 Mr. Evans was appointed postmaster of Roanoke, since which he has continued to hold that office. His father, Thomas Evans, was a native of Kentucky, but came to this county in 1816, where he after- wards married Miss Mary A. Denny, and made his permanent home here. C. R. was one of the family of children resulting from this union. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 573 JOHN A. FEEGUSON, farmer and stock raiser. John A., a son of Isham and Julia (Kinney) Ferguson, was born in this county July 10, 1830. His father was a native of Virginia,' hut when a young man he removed to Kentucky, where he was married, and afterwards, in 1825, came to this county with his family and settled in Prairie township. He was a farmer by occupation, to which calling John A. was brought up, and this the son has since continued to follow. Tu youth John A. Ferguson had the advantages afforded by the schools of Roanoke, and succeeded in ac- quiring a good practical education. He was married July 17, 1853, to Miss Emeline Moore, of Scott county, Kentucky. Their only child, James, was taken from them by death. Mr. Ferguson has a good farm of 600 acres of fine land, and, besides the ordinary farm interests, makes a specialty of short-horn thoroughbred cattle, of which he has a herd of eighty head. He is a thorough-going, enterprising farmer and stock raiser, and is well respected as a citizen and a neighbor. MAJOR JOSEPH H. FINKS. Prominent among the citizens of Howard county who give char- acter to the community in which they live, and are a credit and an honor to the county, is Major Joseph H. Finks, of Prairie township. Descended from an ancestry of soldiers and excellent citizens of the Old Dominion, where he himself was born and partly raised, he in- herited undiminished the sterling qualities of his family, which have given him a standing in his adopted state not unworthy of his name nor of the old commonwealth that gave him birth. The founder of the family in this country came originally from Switzerland, that cradle of the republican institutions of modern times. Mark Finks, the major's ancestor of the third generation, was a captain in the revolu- tionary army and served under General Lafayette. He died in Vir- ginia at the advanced age of eighty. His wife was previously a Miss Fisher, whose family subsequently became prominent in Kentucky. He was a man of great personal worth, and of a more than ordinarily generous, kindly disposition, and quitted a long and useful life with- out a known enemy. This quality — kindness, generous, courteous bearing to all — is a marked characteristic of the family. Major Finks' grandfather, James Finks, was a soldier in the war of 1812 and served his country faithfully until the close of that struggle. He dis- tinguished himself in several important engagements by his resolute, unfaltering courage in the most trying circumstances. He was born in Madison county, Virginia, in 1776, and died in that state in 1846. He was married in his native county to Miss Mary Allen, and subse- quently removed to Orange count} 7 of the same state. Captain James Finks, the major's father, was born a short time before his parents left Madison county, September 1, 1808, but was reared in Orange county. He married his first wife in the last named county, Miss Mary 38 574 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. E. Dulany, but she survived her marriage only a short time, dying in 1835. The following year Captain Finks made a trip to Howard coi'in- ty, this state, where he met and married Miss Caroline, daughter of Joseph S. and Cassandra Hughes, old settlers of the county, but orig- inally of Kentucky. He then returned to Virginia with his wife, where he lived about fourteen years, but in 1851 came back to this county with his family and made it his permanent home. For many years he has been one of the most highly respected and substantial citizens of the county. Joseph H. Finks was born in Greene county, Virginia, August 7, 1838. He was, therefore, thirteen years of age when his parents settled in this county. Before he left Virginia he had at- tended the neighborhood schools a number of sessions, and had made a substantial start in the acquirement of an education. In this county he also had the advantages afforded by the ordinary local schools, and in 1857 was well qualified to enter college. He then returned to his native state and became a matriculate in Randolph-Macon college,, where he studied diligently for two years, thus acquiring an excellent education. Reared on a farm, he early acquired a taste for the inde- pendent, honorable life of a farmer, which decided him to devote him- self mainly to agricultural pursuits. Accordingly, after his college course he located on a farm in this county, and went to work with a resolution and energy, united with a degree of intelligent management, that could have but one result — complete success — which he was not long in achieving. He has long been regarded as one of the best farmers of the county. However, coming of an ancestry he did, and in every sense a worthy son of the Old Dominion and of his adopted state, it was but natural to expect that when the bugle-call of the south was sounded in 1861 he would be among the first to rally to her de- fence. He enlisted under Governor Jackson's first call for troops, and was at once elected first lieutenant of his company. Shortly af- terwards he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel by the governor, and assigned to a position on the staff of General John B. Clark, Sr. In this service he continued until the expiration of his term, when, in 1862, he entered the regular Confederate army and followed the meteor-like flag of the south through three long years of privation and danger, and until, like the cross, defeat was made more glorious than victory. After his entrance into the Confederate service he was com- missioned major by President Davis, and successively occupied posi- tions on the staffs of Generals Frost, John B. Clark, Sr., and Parsons. He was a member of General Parsons' staff at the time of the surren- der. In 1870 he was elected circuit clerk for Howard county, and such was his efficiency and popularity in office that he was re-elected in 1874, thus holding that position eight years. Following this, in 1878, he was elected to the legislature from this county, and in that body took high rank as an able and conscientious legislator. Decem- ber 17, 1873, he was united in marriage to Miss Lizzie, daughter of William J. Harvey, of Chariton county. As a citizen and neighbor, and in every relation of life, Major Finks is without reproach. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 575 REV. DAVID FISHER, deceased. Rev. David Fisher and Jacob Fisher, of Fayette, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this volume, had the same paternal ancestor of the third generation, — David Fisher, of Augusta county, Virginia, their grandfather, an old Continental soldier. Jacob Fisher, the father of Rev. David, and uncle of Jacob Fisher, of Fayettte, was born and reared in Augusta county. He married Miss Mary Painter, of Kockingham county, of the same state, and of this union David, the subject of this sketch, was born. Towards the latter part of his life, Jacob, the father of our subject, with his wife and younger children removed to Highland county, Ohio, where both parents lived until their death. There he became a wealthy farmer and was a leading member of the Methodist Episcopal church. David Fisher was born in Augusta county, Virginia, March 1, 1805, and was reared in that county. He joined the Methodist Episcopal church south, when in his nineteenth year and entered the ministry of that church in his twenty-second year. He travelled in the Virginia conference about six years, and was then transferred to the Missouri conference, arriv- ing at the field of his labor in Boone county in 1838. Ten years after- wards he came to this county, and since that date up to his death, December 1, 1877, served his church either as itinerant or local preacher with but little intermission. However, he did not rely upon his ministerial work for means of support for himself and family. Having large farming interests, including three excellent farms, he was in a position to devote himself to his great life-work, which he did, " without money and without price " He was married July 8, 1834, to Miss Eliza A., daughter of Daniel Brown, of Essex county, Virginia. She, together with six children, survives her husband : Charles B., Susan M., wife of Richard Blakey, of Roanoke; and Misses Sallie C, Laura O., and Lou P., and James O., the fifth child. Mary E., the eldest, is now deceased. She was the wife of George W. Walker. JAMES O. FISHER, farmer. Mr. Fisher, the fifth of a family of seven, the children of Rev. David Fisher, deceased, whose sketch precedes this, was born in this county October 25, 1849. Reared on his father's homestead, after attending the neighborhood schools in early youth he entered Central college in Fayette, where he continued as a student until he had acquired a good practical education. At the age of twenty, in 1869, he went to Texas, but remained there only a short time, returning then to his native county. Here he followed farming until 1872, when he went back to Texas and engaged in the stock business, and for five years gave that interest his undivided attention. But in 1877 he was called home by business affairs, and in a short time settled on his present farm consisting of several hundred acres of fine land, well improved, where he has since lived. October 3, 1877, he was married to Miss Kate, daughter of Rice Patterson, an old citizen of this section of the state. 576 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. STEPHEN T. GARNER, section 20, a prominent farmer and stock raiser of this vicinity, and one of the oldest settlers of Howard county, owes his nativity to Clark county, Kentucky, where he was born August 30, 1815. In November, 1817, he was brought by his parents to this county, and has since continued to make his home within its boundaries. His present fine farm, embracing 320 acres, is well improved and under cultivation. March 20, 1829, Miss Nancy Snodderly, of Howard county, Missouri, became his wife. She was the daughter of Joseph W. Snodderly. They are members of the M. E. church south. Mr. G. has held the position of justice of the peace for many years. He is well known in this community, and numbers his friends by the score. F. H. GREENE, farmer. Mercantile clerking in this county and mining in California occupied about twenty years of Mr. Greene's life after he started out on bis own responsibility in early manhood. Since then he has been engaged in farming, and has long been marked as one of the substan- tial, well-respected farmers of the county. He was born in Howard county, Missouri, July 15, 1823, and was a son of Wesley S. and Elizabeth (Hawley) Greene, both natives of Kentucky. His father removed from Madison county, that state, in 1819, and settled first at Old Franklin, but two years later pushed on out to Prairie township, where he made his permanent home and reared his family. After F. H. grew up he engaged in clerking, and continued in that occupation at Fayette, Glasgow and Prairieville successively until 1850, when, the gold excitement of California having broken out the year previous, he was attracted to the Pacific coast, as thousands of others were, by the hope of accumulating from the mines of that region a handsome fortune in a comparatively short time. He remained in California thirteen years, but in 1863 returned to his old home in Howard county and engaged in farming. He has a good farm of 200 acres, improved, and gives considerable attention to stock raising. Febru- ary 17, 1869, he was married to Miss Martha Kendrick. Thev have two children — Leo and Lillian. JAMES E. HARVEY, farmer. James E. Harvey, born in this county April 25, 1819, was the eldest of a family of thirteen children born to John and Elizabeth (Walkup) Harvey, both natives of Madison county, Kentucky. They came to Howard county in 1817 and settled in what is now known as Prairie township. John Harvey was a farmer by occupation, and also followed merchandising, and James E., as he grew up, became familiar with the requirements and practical duties of both of these lines of industry. To the former, however, he has given his whole HISTOET OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 577 attention, except while he was merchandising. in Glasgow two years, between 1864 and 1867, and clerking five years in his father's store in Fayette, from 1837 to 1842, inclusive. He now has several hun- dred acres of laud in this and Chariton counties, and is a successful, enterprising farmer. Mr. H. has been twice married. His first wife, previously Miss Frances Tolson, to whom he was married in 1843, died in August, 1847, leaving one child, John B., still living. March 28, 1848, he was married to Miss Sallie A. Hern, formerly of Madi- son county, Kentucky. Of this union there are seven children liv- ing — William O., James E., Jr., Anna E., Alexander C, Susie A., Henry C. and Sallie B. Mr. H. is a member of the Christian church, . of the I. O. O. F., and has been justice of the peace. His father was a soldier in the Black Hawk war. W. C. HARVEY, M. D., physician and merchant. Dr. Harvey, a native of this county, and a thoroughly educated physician, has been practising his profession in Roanoke for nearly thirty-five years, and has long enjoyed a reputa- tion, both as a physician and a citizen, second to that of no one in the contiguous sections of Howard and Randolph counties. He was born August 8, 1825, and was educated in the common schools of his neighborhood. When quite a young man he taught school two years, and then, in 1846, began the study of medicine. He studied under Dr. L. C. Thomas two years and attended the Transylvania Medical college of Lexington, Kentucky, during the terms of 1846-47 and 1847-48, graduating at the close of the last named term with marked honor. After his graduation he returned to Missouri, and for a short time practised his profession in Linn county, but in the winter of 1848-49 located in Roanoke, where from that time to this he has con- tinued the practice. September 16, 1852, he was married to Miss Leah A. Blakey. They have two children living — Gussie S. and Zallie A. The doctor's father, John Harvey, was a native of Vir- ginia, but was reared in Kentucky, where he married Miss Elizabeth Walkup. In 1817 he came to this county with his family and settled in what is now Prairie township, where the doctor was born and reared. In 1880 Dr. Harvey established a dry goods and grocery store in Roanoke, which commands an excellent trade. G. G. HARVEY, section 33, a leading agriculturist and raiser of stock of this vicinity, was also born in Howard county, Missouri, November 18, 1834, within one mile of where he now lives. His father, William Harvey, a native of Madison county, Kentucky, came to this county in 1818. G. G. Harvey was united in marriage December 27, 1865, to Miss Narcissa Snoddy, of Howard county. They have six children — Georgie, Thomas J., Annie, Narcissa, William W. and Eva. Mrs. H. is a member of the M. E. church south." Mr. Harvey is the pos- sessor of 350 acres of land, under good cultivation, and improved with a substantial dwelling and fine orchard. 578 history or Howard and cooper counties. J. Y. HUME, M. D., physician and surgeon, and of Fugate & Hume, druggists, at Arm- strong. Dr. Hume is a son of Reuben Y., and grandson of Joel Hume, both of whom came to this county in 1844 ; the former, then a youth, coming out with his father's family, who emigrated from Madison county, Kentucky, that year. [A sketch of the Hume fam- ily is given elsewhere in this volume.] Reuben Y. was married, after he grew up to manhood, in this county, to Miss Frances Payton, mention of whose family is made in the notice of Joel Hume's life. Of this union J. Y., now Dr. Hume, was born November 13, 1851. He was educated at Central college, in Fayette, and in 1874 began the study of medicine under Dr. F. M. Scroggin, of this county. He prosecuted his studies' with diligence for two years under that excel- lent physician, and then entered the St. Louis Medical college, from which he was graduated with honor in March, 1879. Locating at Armstrong, he is rapidly establishing a wide reputation as a skilful and successful physician. He has also for some time past been a member of the drug firm of Fugate & Hume. This firm has a lucra- tive and increasing trade throughout the surrounding county. No- vember 13, 1879, the doctor was married to Miss Fannie P., daughter of Dr. J. A. Walker. They have one child, an infant. Dr. Hume is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the A. O. U. W. RICHARD W. LEE is a son of Richard and Nancy Lee, natives of Madison county, Ken- tucky, and was born November 11, 1834, within one-half a mile of where he now resides. He has ever made agricultural pursuits and the raising of stock his occupation during life, and is now the' pos- sessor of 361 acres of farming land, on section 21, under good im- provement. Mr. Lee is a brother of Judge Lee, well known in this community. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. fraternity of Roanoke. JACOB MORTEN SON, a prominent dealer in hardware and lumber at Armstrong, was born in Denmark in July, 1857. Emigrating to the United States, he settled in Howard county, Missouri, in 1873, subsequently locating in Arm- strong. Here he is enjoying a good trade, and having a complete stock in his line, receives a liberal patronage. September 26, 1882, Mr. Mor- tenson was married to Miss Ella Quinn, of this county. They are members of the Christian church, and Mr. M. belongs to lodge No. 270, A. O. U. W., of Armstrong. JAMES H. PATTERSON, farmer. Mr. Patterson is of Irish descent. Littlebury Patterson, his ancestor of the fourth generation, lived and died in Virginia, where he HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 579 reared a family of eight children. Thomas Patterson, a son of Little- bury, and grandfather of James H., settled in Madison county, Ken- tucky, in about 1800, and there married Mary, a daughter of William Harvey, who afterwards became an early settler of Prairie township, this county. In 1817 Thomas Patterson removed to this county with his family, where he lived until his death. He reared a large family of children, and of these, Rice, the father of James H., was born be- fore the parents left Kentucky, February 25, 1811, in Madison county. He was married in this county in the spring of 1838 to Miss Cordelia G., daughter of David Martin, an early settler of the county. He died here June 15, 1877, his wife following him to the grave January 5, 1881. He was a man of great industry, enterprise, and of a high order of intelligence. Beginning life for himself without anything, he became one of the foremost men of the county in wealth and char- acter. Esteemed by all who knew him as an upright, progressive citizen and a good neighbor, he died possessed of a large estate con- sisting of over 1,300 acres of fine land, and large personal property interests besides. Flat-boating, teaming across the plains, clerking, merchandising, farming, and the stock business, mark his successive steps from youth and penury to honored old age and wealth. For over twenty years he and his wife were exemplary members of the Bap- tist church. James H. Patterson was born in this county August 4, 1850, and was the fifth of a family of seven children. He was edu- cated in the common schools, and in William Jewell college, of Liberty, Missouri. He began the activities of life at his majority by engaging in merchandising in Eoanoke. He followed this until 1881, when he turned his whole attention to farming. In the meantime, in 1879, he had commenced farming, and since then he has continued in that oc- cupation with excellent success. He has a good farm, substantially and comfortably improved. March 19, 1874, he was married to Miss Bettie Eddins, of this county. They have two children, James C. and Nadine G. Mr. P. is a member of the Baptist church. JAMES R. PHELPS.. William P. Phelps, the father of James R., though a native of Madison county, Kentucky, having been born there in 1823, was reared in Chariton county, this state, where he was brought by his pa- rents when only a year old. After growing up he was married to Miss Elizabeth Finnell, of this section of the state, and of the family of children born of this union, eight are now living : Mary E., James R., John L., Lillie D., Genero F., Kate, Robert and Stonewall. James R. was born October 12, 1849, and in 1850 the family. moved to Eoanoke, where he was reared and has since continued to live. January 8, 1876, the father died, leaving an estate consisting of an excellent farm, and a considerable amount of personal property. Wil- liam P. Phelps was an industrious, intelligent farmer, and an upright, good citizen, and was highly respected by all who knew him. 580 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. "Men drop so fast 'ere life's mid-stage we tread, Few know so many friends alive as dead." In the very meridian of life, when his need to loved ones was the greatest, he fell a victim to the insatiate archer, Death. Yet his life was such, that "The less of this cold world, the more of heaven — The briefer life, the earlier immortality." James E. is interested in the management of his father's farm, which is being successfully worked and to the best advantage for the estate. Besides this he is engaged in clerking in Roanoke, which he has followed for some years, and is an efficient, popular salesman and clerk. | .? JAMES RICHARDSON, tobacco dealer, farmer and fine stock raiser. Mr. Richardson, formerly a leading citizen of Madison county, Kentucky, of which he ■was a representative in the legislature of that state, came to Howard county in 1859, but owing to the unsettled condition of affairs just preceding the outbreak of the war, did not enter largely into farming and general business until after the close of that struggle. In 1865, he purchased a large farm of 600 acres just across the line in Ran- dolph county, which he greatly improved, and it is now one of the finest landed estates throughout the surrounding country. Coming from a pure stock country — the blue grass regions of Kentucky — he brought his tastes' for blooded, high grade stock with him, and at once went to work to make his farm equal to the fine stock farms of his native county. The result is he has one of the finest herds of short- horn cattle in north Missouri — a herd that has taken more premiums in the last three years than any other in that section of the state. He also conducts an important tobacco business at Roanoke, in this county. He was born in Madison county, Kentucky, December 13, 1820. His father, Thomas Richardson, was a native of Virginia, but was reared in Kentucky. His mother was formerly Miss Mary Harris, born and reared in Kentucky. ^James Richardson lived in his native county — where, June 20, 1840, he was married to Miss Sallie Simpson, of Clark county, that state, — until he was thirty-nine years of age, then, in 1859, coming to Howard county with his family. They have three children, Sallie J., wife of George H. Wilcoxson ; Mary E., wife of G. C. Brown, and Rosanna B., wife of Chas. R. Brown. WILLIAM A. SHIFLETT, section 21, came originally from Rockingham county, Virginia, where he was born September 27, 1837. On the 26th of September, 1855, he removed to Howard county, Missouri, and in March, 1870, located upon the farm which he now occupies. This embraces 226 acres. February 14, 1856, occurred the marriage of Mr. Shiflett to Miss Mar- garet Powell, of Greene county, Virginia. They have had a family of eleven children, of whom ten are living : Henry C, Laurie L,, Dora HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 581 B., Peter, Millie, Mollie, George W., Julia, King B. and Fannie. An important feature of Mr. Shiflett's farm is his excellent young or- chard. BENJAMIN F. SNYDEB, farmer and stock raiser. Like so many of the substantial and better class of farmers of Howard county, Mr. Snyder comes of an old and well re- pected Virginia family. He was born in Madison county. Virginia, November 14th, 1819, and came to this county with his father's family when he was fourteen years of -age. His father, James Snyder, and his mother, formerly Miss Sarah A. Hylor, were both natives of the Old Dominion, and his father was a gallant soldier in the war of 1812. They settled in this county in 1833, where the father followed cooper- ing, to which occupation the son was brought up, following it until the death of his father in 1851. He then engaged in farming, also carrying on a cooper shop, and in these occupations he has since con- tinued. He now owns a handsome farm of nearly 300 acres, and has it well improved. In connection with his other farming interests he raises some good stock, of which he has an excellent quality. March 4th, 1863, he was married to Miss Mary F. Walford. They have one child, Mariam F. Mr. S. is a member of the I. O. O. F. and of the Masonic order. B. M. SNODDY, the son of J. W. Snoddy, originally of Madison county, Kentucky, was born in Howard county, Missouri, January 31, 1831, and has made this his home since that time, with the exception of seven years which he passed in Grundy county, Missouri. He is now quite an extensive farmer and stock raiser, and is the owner of a landed estate of 343 acres. Mr. Snoddy was married April 30th, i860, to Miss Clemency Wodds of this county. They have four children living: William W., John F., Bobert L. and Minnie M. Mrs. S. is a member of the Pres- byterian church, and he is a Mason. JAMES L. SPEBEY, farmer, section 21, owes his nativity to Lawrence county, Kentucky, where he was born August 1, 1804. In 1839 he came to Missouri, but did not settle in Howard county until the fall of 1856. Here he now owns a farm of 148 acres, all under cultivation. March 11th, 1823, Mr. Sperry was married to Miss Parlina Canterbery, of Lawrence county, Kentucky. She died January 28, 1880. To them had been born nine children, five of whom are living.- Eveline M., William H., Benj. F., Martha and John W. Mr. Sperry is a member of the M. E. church south. SAMUEL STEINMETZ, farmer and breeder of short horn cattle and other blooded stock. Among the prominent citizens of Howard county of German birth who 582 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. have reflected credit upon themselves, their fatherland and their adopted country, is Samuel Steinmetz, of Prairie -township. He was born in Gros-yen-Engles Kries Fritzler KurHessen, Germany, Octo- ber 10th, 1809. His father,. Warnerd Steinmetz, was a farmer. His mother's maiden name was Louisa Seebre. In early youth he received a limited education in his native town, and then served three years as an apprentice to the boot and shoe making business. After working as a journeyman at his trade about two years he came to America, ex- periencing great hardships on the voyage by reason of the water and provisions becoming exhausted. Finally he landed at Baltimore in 1834, with but twenty -five francs, a less sum than five dollars. Failing to get employment there, having refused to accept work offered him, which would have resulted in the discharge of a fellow-mechanic, he went to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, where he worked about a year, and from thence to Pittsburg and Allegheny City, thence to Wheel- ing, West Virginia, and to Maysville, Kentucky, thence to Versailles, Kentucky, and to Lexington in the same state ; from Lexington he went to Louisville. At these places he met with varied experiences, obtaining work in most of them, however, for a short time. Arrived at Louisville, he secured employment and began a system of rigid economy, with the view of becoming enabled to commence business for himself. He soon accumulated a small capital and went to Vicksburg, Mississippi, where he engaged in business. In a short time he also carried on business in Jackson and New Orleans, and several other leading points in the south. In a few years he sold out his business, and had $7,000 in cash as the result of his enterprise. He then determined to make a visit to his native coun- try, but by the Brandon bank of Vicksburg failing at that time, in which his money was deposited, he lost all but about $1,000. He then came west, and finally located in Glasgow, this state, where he com- menced his career in this county, just five years after landing at Balti- more. Here he opened a shop and shortly engaged in the boot and shoe mercantile line, and by his promptness and honorable dealings he very soon established a character that secured him all the credit and assistance he desired in business, and a wide trade — a character which for truth, honesty and uprightness for over forty years has been with- out spot or tarnish. In 1861 he sold out his boot and shoe business, and in 1863 engaged in the grocery business with J. W. Mezrick as his partner, and having more means than he desired to use in this branch, he also engaged in speculations in nails, whiskey, etc., from which he realized very large profits. He also run a large and popular hotel in Glasgow. In 1866 he purchased a saw mill and farm from A. W. Roper, just across the river from Glasgow, the farm containing 733 acres of as fine land as there is on the Missouri river. This was greatly improved, and in a few years was sold in lots to suit purchasers, at a very large profit. In 1868 he purchased the Hazel Ridge farm be- longing to the estate of Wm. M. Morrison, deceased, near Glasgow, containing 330 acres, for many years regarded as one of the most beautiful farms in the state. He has greatly improved it, andismak- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 583 ing it a model stock farm in every particular. Here he lives, and follows stock raising on a large scale. He has some of the finest cat- tle, sheep, hogs and other live stock in Missouri. He has fifty head of short horn cattle of imported breeds, a large flock of Cotswold sheep, and hogs of various high grades. This farm is immediately on the Chicago and Alton railroad, and Mr. Steinmetz has established a station called Steinmetz, which promises to become an important and pros- perous place. In 1849 he made a trip to California, which, however, resulted in a loss to him of over $1,000. December 3d, 1840, he was married to Miss Lucetta V., daughter of Lewis Coleman, late of Char- iton county, a lady of great personal woi'th. Her father was a soldier under Wellington, and participated in the famous battle of Waterloo. Mr. Steinmetz has nine children. His two eldest sons fill honored graves, having fallen in the defence of Glasgow, October 15th, 1864 ; the eldest, Captain Samuel, fell while gallantly commanding his com- pany within the entrenchments ; his brother, Aaron, was mortally wounded while obeying the former's orders and died two days after- wards. The two eldest daughters are married — the first, Amelia, to John Tillman, and the second, Mary, to Wm. A. Meyer, both promi- nent merchants of Glasgow. The other children are Edward, George, John, Don, Palmer, William and Maine. HENEY C. THOKP, farmer and stock raiser, section 25, was born in Howard county, Mis- souri, upon the farm he now occupies, October 5, 1847, his parents being Jackson and Harriet Thorp, Kentuckians by birth. Henry C. Thorp was married October 16, 1865, to Miss Belle Brummel, of Chariton county, Missouri, and to them have been born three chil- dren — Anna M., Beulah B., and an infant, unnamed. Mr. Thorp's farm of 215 acres is an excellently improved one, and upon it is a substantial house, and a barn far above the average of those in this township. He is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, as is also his wife. A. C. TOLSON, originally from Madison county, Kentucky, was born on October 16, 1821. In the fall of 1823, he accompanied his parents to Callaway county, Missouri, and in 1825, he came to Howard county, moving upon his present farm in section 20, in 1858. This contains over 248 acres of fine land that will average with any in the county. Mr. Tolson is a farmer of advanced views, and takes great interest in pro- moting the interests of this county and township. September 20, 1855, he was married to Permelia E. Gibbs, of Howard county, Missouri, and a daughter of Stephen and Martha Gibbs. They have had four children, three of whom are living — Stephen B., George L. and James C. They are members of the Christian church. 584 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. J. K. TWYMAN, section 29, a son of F. K. B. Twyman, is a native of Howard county, Missouri, and was born August 14, 1855. He has since made this his home, following farming as his occupation. His present landed estate embraces 127 acres, upon which is a fine dwelling and a good young orchard. He devotes some attention to the raising of stock. Mr. Twyman was married on December 13, 1878, to Miss Fanny B. Briggs, of this county. Their family consists of two children — Mary and Euby B. T. W. VILEY, stock dealer and farmer. The importance of Mr. Viley's transactions in the stock dealing business, and the extent of his farming interests, give him a conspicuous position among the leading citizens of Howard county in these lines. He buys and ships large quantities of stock for the principal markets of the West, and his landed estate numbers a thousand acres of the best quality of farming land. He was born in Randolph county, Missouri, March 5, 1836, and was reared in that county, which continued to be his place of residence until 1882, when he settled in this county. His father, John Viley, and his mother, whose name before she married was Susan B. Elley, were both natives of Kentucky, whence they came and settled in Randolph county in this state. The father was a farmer by occupation, and to this calling T. W. Viley was brought up. After attaining manhood he was married September 18, 1861, to Miss Lizzie P. Stock, formerly of Kentucky, but she died May 18, 1864, leaving one child — Lizzie B. October 1, 1865, he was married a second time, Mrs. Lou O., relict of T. W. Boone, then becoming his wife. She was born in Monroe county, Missouri, April 23, 1839. J. J. WALKUP, section 29, was born in Howard county, Missouri, on the 28th of October, 1834. His parents were James and Arreta Walkup, origin- ally from Garrett county, Kentucky, who came to this county in 1830. In 1862, the subject of this sketch removed to Davis county, Iowa, but in the spring of 1876 he returned to Missouri, locating on his present farm of 800 acres. Upon this place is a good house and barn, besides an orchard of excellent fruit. Mr. Walkup married Miss Isabel Hardy, of Davis county, Iowa, September 7, 1864. They have six children — Cora L., Thomas H., Lela E., Marv E., Katie B. and James E. Mr. Walkup is a member of the A. 6. U. W. fra- ternity, and with his wife belongs to the M. E. church south. J. H. WAYLAND, farmer, and lately a manufacturer and merchant. Henry Wayland and Arana Malone were both born and reared in Virginia, and there HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 585 married and for some years afterwards lived in Orange county, of that state. Of this union J. H. Wayland, the subject of this sketch, was born in Orange county, June 8, 1818. When he was but three years of age his parents removed to this county, and here he wfas reared, and as he grew up was educated in the common schools. He followed farming until 1847, when he engaged in merchandising in Roanoke, in which he continued about seventeen years. He then traded in live stock until 1867, at which time he gave his attention to milling and and the manufacture of woolen goods a short distance east of Koanoke, conducting also a store at the same time. These lines he pursued with satisfactory success until 1873, when he leased his mill and resumed farming, which he has since followed. He has a good farm of about two hundred acres, and has it substantially and com- fortably improved. He was for some years justice of the peace, and is a worthy member of the C. P. church. September 23, 1847, he was married to Miss Martha W. Dysart, of Randolph county. They have eight children — R. C, EuphemaA., Mary K., Martha V., J. N., Fannie P., Charles D. aud Orpho L. A. S. WOLCOTT, farmer and stock raiser, section '16, is a native of Ontario county, New York, and was born March 22, 1827. On March 24, 1874, he came to this county and has since continued to live here. He now owns a farm of 160 acres, of which sixteen acres are devoted to an orchard. This orchard is one of the finest in the county, and con- tains about 2,400 trees, 1,000 trees being red winter apples, 300 peaches (representing forty varieties), 200 plum trees, 600 orange quince, besides Siberian crab and pear trees, together with a number of grape vines. Mr. Wolcott was united in marriage August 2, 1855, to Miss Sarah P. Walker, of Ontario county, New York. She died May 9, 1882, leaving three children — Charles S., Eliza L. and George F. Mr. W. is a prominent member of the M. E. church. SIDNEY S. WOODS, farmer and stock raiser, section 17, was born April -29, 1819, in Howard county, Missouri, upon the farm where he now resides. His brother, James Woods, was bom upon the same farm April 3, 1821. Their parents, Patrick and Frances Woods, originally of Madison county, Kentucky, came to Howard county, Missouri, in 1816, set- tling the place which these brothers now occupy. With the exception of three years spent in the war, Mr. Woods has always lived in Howard county. These brothers jointly own a farm of over 517 acres, upon which is a good house, barn and small orchard. 586 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. B UK TO ST TOWNSHIP. JOHN W. BLAKLEY, the seventh of a family of ten children born to John and Hannah Blak- ley, nee Hardin, is a native of Burton township, Howard county, Mis- souri, where he was born August 25, 1826. His father, a Virginian by birth, was born in 1791. Mrs. B. was a daughter of Samuel Hardin. Of the original number of children, six are now living. John W. re- sided at home until his marriage, in September, 1849, to Miss Nancy Morris, of Howard county, and a daughter of John W. Morris. By this union there were nine children — Anna Laura, . Thomas M., Samuel J., Nathaniel, Susan M., John J., Hardin J., William A. and Sallie A. Two of these are deceased, three are married, and the re- mainder single. On the 10th day of April, 1883, Mrs. Blakley died, sincerely mourned by all with whom she was acquainted. She was a most estimable lady, and had hosts of friends. Mr. B. came to this county from Macon county, Missouri, whither he had previously moved, in 1866, and now owns 280 acres of land. His farm is under good im- provement. R. W. BLAKEY, M. D. On the 12th of September, 1839, there was born in Howard county, Missouri, to John M. and Frances (White) Blakey, a son, the subject ot this sketch. His father, John M. Blakey, a Virginian by birth, was born between the years 1797 and 1800. R. W., the fifth of seven cildren, lived with his father until that person's death, in 1844, after which he made his home with his mother until sixteen years of age. Then he went to the high school at Fayette for one year, subsequently entering Central college where he attended three years. Soon after he began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. W. K. Harvey, and upon studying with him for one year took a course of lectures at the St. Louis Medical College, from which he graduated in 1860. For one year from this time Dr. Blakey practised his profession with Dr. Harvey, going thence to Macon City and from there to Roan- oke. He returned to Macon City some time later, and also at Roan- oke, coming next to his present place. He is quite extensively en- gaged in farming and stock-raising, and is quite successful in the prosecution of his chosen calling. In 1861 Dr. B. was married to Miss Susan M. Fisher, daughter of Rev. David Fisher, of Howard county. To them were born seven children, of whom six are living: Anna L., Lizzie B., Estel, R. W., Mary E. and Russell. Georgia is deceased. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 587 JAMES M. BLY, farmer and stock raiser, owes his nativity to Tennessee, where he was born on the 2d day of May, 1831. In 1835 he emigrated with his father, George Bly, to Missouri, and located in Jasper county, build- ing the first cabin in that county. George Bly, originally from North Carolina, was born in 1784, and married Miss Sarah McDonald. They had twelve children, ten boys and two girls. When twenty-two years of age J. M. went to California, remaining for three years. In the meantime he visited New Mexico and Texas, and on his second trip enlisted in the Mexican war, with General Clarkson, of Dade county, receiving his discharge in 1848. In October, 1865, he was married to Miss Jake Embree. They have been blessed with five sons, three of whom survive. Charles G., John and Clyde. William and one in- fant are deceased. Mr. Bly's farm contains eighty acres, and he raises upon it considerable stock. His residence is an excellent one. He is by trade a blacksmith. Politically he has always been a demo- crat. JAMES F. BURN AM is the son of Mrs. Isabella Burnam, who was born in Kentucky in 1831, her parents being James and Eliza Crow. She lived at home until thirteen years old, and then accompanied her mother to Howard county. In 1857 she was married to Mr. William Burnam, and to them were born five children : James F., William B., Robert, Stephen and Freddy L. She was again married to Mr. Owen Williams, and they had one child, Charles Williams. Mrs. Burnam is pleasantly lo- cated on a farm of 160 acres of excellent land. The children are all unmarried. J. FOSTER BURNAM was born in Howard county, Missouri, upon his present place of resi- dence, in 1845. His father, Foster Burnam, originally fr.om Ken- tucky, came to Howard county, Missouri, in 1816, but subsequently returned to his native state, remaining there for eighteen months. Com- ing again to this county, he settled the place now owned and occupied by his son, living there until his death. He had been twice married ; first to a Miss Todd, who bore him one son, who died in 1849 while crossing the plains. He was again married to Miss Maria Pemberton, a daughter of Stephen Pemberton. To them were born eleven chil- dren, of whom J. Foster was the tenth. October 8, 1874, he was married to Miss Maria B. Bradley, a daughter of George W. Bradley. They have two bright and promising children : Clay B. and John F. Politically Mr. B. is a staunch democrat. His father was among the earliest pioneers of this county, and his grandfather was the man who first settled the present site of Fayette ; he operated a horse mill for some time just above that place. 588 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. PRYOR BURTON. The subject of this sketch was born on the 15th of April, 1829, in Howard county, Missouri, being the son of Moses Burton, of Ken- tucky, born in 1796, who came to this county in 1816 or 1817. He was first married to Miss Elizabeth Pemberton, of Kentucky, and they had nine children, of whom Pryor was the third. Only three children are now living. Mr. B.'s second marriage occurred to Miss Jane Hughes. "When twenty years old, young Burton took a trip to v California, remaining for three years, when he returned. In 1855 Miss Mary E. Willis, of Howard county, became his wife, and to them was born one child — Alonzo Moses, now deceased. He was again married to Miss Susan E. Hockensmith, a daughter of Joseph Hock- ensmith, of this county. They have had two children — Joseph W. and Fannie — neither of whom are living. Mr. Burton is the owner of 225 acres of well improved land, in excellent condition. He has ever been a democrat in politics. He is a member of the Baptist church. WILLIAM A. CRESON, farmer and stock raiser, section 31, owes his nativity to Surry county, North Carolina, where he was born in 1832. George Creson, his father, also born in North Carolina in 1798, married Miss Eunice Hadley, of the same state. Nine children were born of this union, six of whom are living. William accompanied his parents to Mis- souri in 1840, locating in Howard county, which has since been his home. In 1858 Miss Nancy J. Robb became his wife, and they have four children living — George William, Sterling Price, Caleb W., and Ann M. Mr. Creson was not in the service during the war, though his sympathies were with the southern cause. Politically he is now a greenbacker, though formerly a democrat. His farm con- tains eighty acres. STEPHEN W. CRESON, one of the prominent and most successful teachers in this county, was born iu Howard county, Missouri, January 27, 1853. He was the son of Thomas H. Creson, a native of North Carolina, born in 1823, who was first married in 1848 to Miss Caroline Collier. They had six children — Mary L., Eunice O., Stephen W., Josephine, James M. and Rebecca L. Of these five are now alive. Mr. C.'s secoud marriage occurred to Frances Enyard, who bore him five children. Stephen W. remained at home until twenty-five years of age, receiving the principal part of his education at the Kirksville normal school. In 1874 he commenced teaching, and has followed that profession continuously ever since. His first school he taught in Randolph county, and afterwards in Swetnam's school, then at the Rock Spring school house, and finally at his present location, where HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COQPER COUNTIES. 589 he has taught for three consecutive years. He has acquired an envi- able reputation as an able and thoroughly competent instructor, and his services are eagerly sought after. He owns a farm in section 32, of 102 acres, upon which is a fine residence, and he also devotes con- siderable attention to the raising of stock. All he now owns has been acquired through his own efforts, he having commenced in life for himself, a poor boy. Mr. Creson was married in 1877 to Miss Susie E. Robb, daughter of Sarah E. Robb. They have one child — Bertha A. JOHN A. EMBREE was born in Howard county, Missouri, in 1822, and was the son of Isham T. Embree, a Kentuckian by birth, born in 1788. He came to this county in 1800, and in 1820 was united in marriage to Miss Martha Givens, also of Kentucky, her father being Benjamin Givens. To them were born ten children — Benjamin, John A., William, Susan, Sarah, Naucy, Mary, Martha, Fannie, and Jake. Seven of this number are now living. John A., the second child in the family, was married in 1844 to Miss Nancy Robb, a daughter of Jonas Robb. By this union there were six children — Sarah, Martha, Mollie, Joella, Isham and William, and of these Mollie, Joella and Isham are at home, the others being deceased. Mr. Embree owns 140 acres of fine land, in section 19. During the war he was in the Confederate service, being a member of company G (Perkins' com- pany), and he served for two years. He is now a greenbacker in his political preference, but was formerly a democrat. He is connected with the Baptist church, and is also a member of Elm Grange No. 1372, Patrons of Husbandry. J. R. EVANS was born in Howard county, Missouri, in 1833, his parents being John and Eliza (Roper) Evans, the former born in Kentucky in 1800. They had seven children: Mary C, William G., J.R., Lucy, Law- rence, Alfred W. and John. Of this family four are deceased. J.R., the third of these children, lost his father by death when eleven years old. He then lived with his mother until twenty-five years old, when he was married, in 1858, to Sarah N. Crews, a daughter of James and Lucinda Crews. To them were born seven children: Theodore F., Ada C, James, Jessie L., Eliza, W. Roper and Roscoe. Politically, Mr. E. is a republican. He has owned 342 acres of land, but has given his son eighty-seven of this, and a portion of 200 acres in Prairie township. His 'homestead is well improved, and his residence is a most comfortable one. ALEXANDER FORBES, .a native of the city of Baltimore, Maryland, born in July, 1830, was the son of Alexander Forbes, originally from Scotland, who came to this country when twenty years old, subsequently being married to a 39 590 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Miss Mash, of Maryland. Alexander, the youngest child of a family of three children, left home at the age of twenty and went to Vir- ginia, from whence he again moved to Maryland, thence to Pennsyl- vania, and later to Ohio. He returned after a time to Pennsylvania, and upon living in that state and Ohio at different periods, left and came to Missouri, landing in Randolph county in April, 1870. In one year thereafter he came to this county, which has since been his home. Mr. Forbes married Miss Sophia Sutliff, of Lawrence county, Pennsylvania, whose father, F. Sutliff, was a native of England. To them were born nine children : Alexander, died when four years old ; Sutliff, died at the age of eight; Susannah, James A., John H., Oli- ver S., Sarah A., William V. and Job. Mr. F. is actively engaged in farming, but also runs a custom mill and operates a factory for carding and spinning wool. He owns 125 acres of land in Burton township and some in Prairie township. His landed estate embraces 175 acres. SAEAH GEORGE, the daughter of James Hardin, Esq., was born in 1828, and is a native of Howard county. She was married in January, 1851, to William A. George, who was also born, reared and educated in this county. His father was William George. Mr. G. served in the Mexican war under Doniphan, and he was also a soldier during the late civil war, and died, in prison at St. Louis in February, 1865. To them were born nine children and six are now living: James L., John C, Wil- liam H., Colden W., Susan A. and Ameseta 11. Three died in in- fancy. John C. married Miss Melissa Jackson, Susan A. is now Mrs. Hiram McCafferty, and Ameseta H. is the wife of William Robb. Mrs. George.is the owner of 160 acres of improved land. DEMARCUS GEORGE, farmer and stock raiser, was born on the 6th of November, 1830, in Howard county, Missouri. His father, William George, a native of Kentucky, born in 1794, married Miss Lucy Lyles, of the same state. By this marriage there were born seven children. William George, leaving Kentucky in the spring of 1816, came by keel boat to Mis- souri, and lived in Howard county until his death. His second mar- riage occurred to a Mrs. Reed. Demarcus George was the seventh child of his father's family. He was married in 1853 to Miss Henrietta Cunningham, of Howard county, and a daughter of John Cunning- ham. She was born in 1837. They have had eight children : Elbert B., Noah W., James M., Thomas B., Calvin,. Are E., Orvil B., and Wilbur B. Of these all are living except the eldest. Mr. George is the owner of a farm of 160 acres of land in sections 27 and 28. In his political preferences he is democratic. J. C. GREEN, son of Samuel Green, was born in Howard county, Missouri, in 1850. The former, a native of the same county, born in 1818, was HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 591 married to Miss Serena Williams, and from this marriage eight chil- dren were born, six of whom survive. J. C, the fifth child in the family, lived with his father until twenty years of age, then going to Whalen, Hall & Co.'s mill, where he operated the engine for one year. He soon commenced farming, and in 1874 was united in mar- riage with Miss Lucy Magruder. They have three children living : Maggie A., Euphrata B. and Lena P. Mr. Green is the owner of 120 acres of finely improved land in section 21. He is a carpenter and joiner by trade, and works at this occupation in connection with his farming operations. Politically he is a democrat. He is a mem^ ber of the Grange, being master of Elm Grange No. 1372. He is connected with the M. E. church south. THOMAS B. HARRIS, a promineut citizen of Burton township, was born on May 2, 1818, and is a native of Kentucky. His parents were William and Marga- ret D. Harris, to whom were born twelve children, and eleven grew to manhood and womanhood. Thomas B., the second in the family, came to Missouri with his father in 1820, locating in Howard county. When twenty-one years old he went to Lincoln count}', and two years later removed to what is now the Platte purchase, in 1840, remaining there until 1844. Returning to Howard county he purchased eighty acres of land, where his residence now stands. Mr. Harris was married January 16, 1845, to Miss Margaret M. Thompson, of this county, and they had fourteen children, of whom four died in infancy. Ten are now living: Elizabeth, William T., Olivia M., Millard P\, Jerome W., Virgil Bates, Artiniesia, Martha T., Lenora B. and Mar- garet Price. Mr. Harris now owns 520 acres of land, all in cultiva- tion. He has given much property to his children. Politically he is a democrat. In his religious preferences he is a Cumberland Presby- terian. Mr. Harris is a man who never drank a glass of liquor. MILLARD P. HARRIS, a native of Howard county, Missouri, was born in 1853. His father, Thomas B. Harris, one of the largest farmers in the county, is a Kentuckian by birth, but emigrated to this county in an early day. Millard P. lived with his father until twenty-one years of age, at which age, leaving home, he spent some time in travelling. In 1880, he was married to Miss Florence Pemberton, a daughter of Tilford Pemberton, of Howard county. By this marriage they have had one child. Mr. Harris is the owner of 160 acres of land. MATHEW HOWARD was born in Howard county, Missouri, in 1857, and was the son of Thomas Howard, one of the largest farmers and most prominent stock raisers in the county. Mathew was brought up and received 592 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. his education in the county of his birth, and has made farming his principal occupation during life. His farm contains 210 acres of land on section 27. FRANCIS M. KERBY, the son of John Kerby, was born in Howard county, Missouri, in 1833. John Kerby, who was a native of Garrett county, Kentucky, born in 1807, was married in 1826, to Miss Mary A. Wharton, and by this union there were fifteen children, of whom Francis M. was the fifth in number. The senior Kerby died in 1870, his widow departing this life in 1882. When twenty-two years of age, the subject of this sketch went to Clinton county and from there to Carroll county. After returning from Carroll he entered the Confederate service, and served over three years. About a year succeeding the war, he spent his time in Arkansas, then retracing his steps to his former home. Here he was married in 1867, to Miss Sallie A. Cross, a daughter of John Cross, of this county. By this union there have been three children. Francis M. and Sallie A., now living, and the eldest son John H., deceased. Mr. Kerby is the owner of a fine farm of 260 acres, well improved, of which ]30 acres are bottom lands. In poli- tics he is a democrat. J. P. KETCHUM, a leading agriculturist of Burton township, was born in 1824, in Hart county, Kentucky, and was the son of Joseph Ketchum, also a Kentuckian by birth, born in Louisville. His wife was formerly Miss Jane Sherl, of the same state as himself, and te them were born seven children, five boys and two girls. J. P., the third child in the family, remained at home until about twenty-two years of age, then coming to Howard county, Missouri. In 1844, he married Miss Julia A. Rains, a daughter of William Rains. They have had twelve chil- dren : Caroline, James, Julia A., Mary and Martha (twins), Johnnie R., Thomas, Medora, Millard, Lee, Susan and Robert. Six of these children are now living. Mr. Ketchum owns 390 acres of land, well watered and improved, making one of the finest farms in this locality. Politically he is a democrat, and during the war was a second lieuten- ant in a company of state militia. CHARLES W. LAY, the son of Franklin and Charlotte B. Lay, was born in Howard coun- ty, Missouri, in 1858, being the third of a family of seven children : Laura E., Dora A., Nellie, Katie, Joe, Ada and William F. Franklin Lay came to Missouri with his father, Daniel, and was among the earliest pioneers of the vicinity. In 1850 his marriage occurred, his wife being the daughter of Joseph and Rachel Carter, Virginians by birth. She was born in Tazewell county, Virginia, in 1828, and was fourth in a family of seven children. After living in her native state for quite a period of time, she accompanied her parents to Randolph HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 593 county, Missouri, they settling near Moberly. Franklin Lay is now deceased. Mrs. Lay owns 240 acres of improved land. Charles W. Lay was educated at Huntsville, Randolph county. JUDGE JAMES McCAFFERTY, farmer and miller. Deprived in boyhood, by the death of his father, of every advantage and opportunity to fit himself for a useful and suc- cessful life, except such as he could command by his own resolution and personal worth, Judge McCafferty has achieved a measure of suc- cess in the world which many in the most favorable circumstances have failed to equal. With perfect modesty it may be said that his life-record is one he may contemplate with satisfaction, and not with- out a pardonable degree of pride — one that his children and those who come after him may review with pleasure and to their own profit. An orphan boy without means or friends, and without education or family influence, who makes his way in the world and becomes an in- fluential, prosperous citizen, rears a worthy family, and attains to a position of prominence in the social and public life of his community, is one to whom none need be ashamed to trace their origin. James McCafferty, a son of Thomas and Rachel McCafferty, was born in Columbus, Ohio, in 1816.- His father was a native of Pennsylvania, born in Hagerstown, in 1788, and was twice married. Mrs. Mc- Cafferty, of the first marriage, whose maiden name was Black, lived but a short time. Thomas McCafferty was then married to Miss Rachel Johnson. Of this union eight children were born, of whom James, the subject of the present sketch, was the fifth. The family having removed to Columbus, Ohio, in the meantime, eight years after the birth of James the father was taken away by death. The family was kept together, however, by the mother, a woman of great fortitude and energy, and entirely devoted to her children. James remained at home until his twenty-fifth year, but in 1841 came to seek his fortune further in the West, and stopped first in Linn county, this state, but the same year came on to Howard county, where he made his permanent home. Before leaving Ohio he had succeeded in acquiring a good practical education in the excellent public schools of that state. His youth was more than an ordinarily active one. But little time was given to rest, pleasure or amusement. When not at work he was attending school or occupied with his books at home. Thus the habits of industry and mental improvement were formed, which have proved the secret of his success in after life. Arrived in this county he soon resolved to devote himself to agricultural pursuits, and went to work farming with an energy and resolution that could hardly have failed to briug success. In 1844 he was married to Miss Matilda J., daughter of John Proctor, one of the pioneer settlers of Kentucky, and a participant in the unfortunate affair of Estill's de- feat. This union has proved a long and happy one and has been blessed with ten children, six of whom are living : Mary J., Sophronia, Hiram, Josephine, Lulu and Thomas. Two daughters are the wives 594 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. respectively of Dr. Scott and Mr. Jno. O. Winn. Those deceased are Elmira, John, Ada and James. As a farmer, Judge McCafferty is re- garded as one of the most energetic, business-like and successful in the county. His landed estate aggregates over 400 acres, lying in and around Burton, his place of residence. His .homestead is excep- tionally well improved, his dwelling being one of the finest in the township, with which his other buildings and improvements corre- spond. In the milling business he has the second finest flouring mill in Howard county, a county noted for its large number of first-class mills. In point of machinery his is the very finest in the county. It contains the latest and most approved patterns of machineiy in every department — a model, modern flouring mill in every respect. To describe it in detail would take more space than the nature of this work permits, for it has a score of different departments all supplied with the best " plant " that can be had in the country. It also does other classes of milling besides that of making: flour. Judge Mc- Cafferty has always taken a lively interest in public affairs, including politics. In every movement looking to the material development and prosperity of the county, he is one of the first to lend it aid and encouragement. In politics, he has always been a democrat. Though firm in his own convictions, he is tolerant and considerate of tne opinions of others, and is never offensive to those around him, what- ever their views maybe. Several times he has been called upon to serve the people of his county in official positions. In 1858 he was elected to the responsible office of county judge, a position he held until after the outbreak of the war, when he refused to take the test oath required of all public officials, and retired from the office. After the close of the war he was again elected, and served as county judge for six years in succession. In every position in which he has been placed he has acquitted himself with the hearty indorsement of the public. As a neighbor, citizen and public officer, he has always en- joyed the esteem and confidence of those among whom he lives. EICHAED MAGEUDEE, farmer and stock raiser, section 29, was born in Howard county, Mis- souri, on the 25th of January, 1852. Traverse Magruder, his father, was also a native of this county, and mai'ried in 1824 or 1825, Miss Nellie E. Graves, a daughter of David Graves. To them were born seven children — Nellia A., now the wife of William Nicholas; El- mira, now Mrs. D. W. Sunderland ; Eichard, Thomas, married Miss Luella Pemberton ; Susan M., wife of J. B Eobb ; Traverse and O. P. Eichard, the eldest son and third child in the family, con- tinued to reside at home until twenty-one years old. In 1873, he was married to Miss Nancy E. Ware, a daughter of Franklin Ware, of this county. They have one child, William C.,born in August, 1881. Mr. Magruder is the owner of 160 acres of finely improved land, well watered. He is democratic in his political preferences. He belongs to Elm Grange, No. 1372. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 595 JOSEPH W. MASON, a native of Owen county, Kentucky, was born in 1837, and was the son of Samuel Mason, born in 1801, who married, in 1830, Miss Felicia Neal, who was born in 1808. Samuel Mason died when Joseph was about nine years old. He, the fourth in a family of nine children, lived with his mother until twenty-three years of age. Entering the army, he served in all about two years and eight months, returning from the war in May, 1865. In December following he was married to Miss Susan Smith, and they were blessed with five children — Felicia F., Charles, Eva Ennis, William L., and Samuel T. Mr. Mason came to this county in 1845, and now owns 206 acres of land. He raises stock to some extent, and is quite successful as an agriculturist. He and his wife are members of the Baptist church. He is connected with the Patrons of Husbandry, belonging to Burton Grange. WILLIAM H. MOERIS. On the 19th of May, 1821, there was born in Howard county, Mis- souri, to Nathaniel and Nancy (Williams) Morris, a son, the subject of this sketch. His father, originally from New Jersey, moved to Ken- tucky, and thence in 1818, to Missouri, being one of the earliest settlers of this county. His marriage occurred in Kentucky, his wife having been a daughter of Alfred Williams, who came to Howard county in 1817. Of the original family of twelve children, who grew to man- hood and womanhood, six now survive. William H. lived with his father until he was twenty years old, when Nathaniel Morris died. March 24, 1842, the subject of this sketch was married to Miss Eliza- beth Magruder, daughter of Thomas Magruder, now one of the oldest living pioneers of Burton township. By this union there were eleven children, four pf whom are deceased. All are married except one child. Mr. Morris is a greenbacker in his political preferences, though not radical. Until recently he owned and cultivated a farm of 320 acres, but having lately sold it, is not now engaged in any active business, but is enjoying the result of years of his hard labor and toil. HUGH B. O' BRIAN, farmer, and the owner of 213 acres of land, came originally from Rockingham county, Virginia, where he was born in 1827. His father, James O'Brian, was born in Dumfries, Virginia, but was raised in Richmond. He was in the war of 1812. He was also in the burning of the Richmond theatre. His wife was formerly Miss Mary Ireland, and to them were born five children, of whom Hugh B. was the second child. In December, 1860, he was married to Miss Mary E. Killby, of Culpeper county, Virginia. They have six children — Joseph Leroy, William Thomas, Walter E., Ernest Bolivar, Edward Hugh, and Mary Letitia. Mr. O'Brian in his political preferences is democratic. In 1872, he came from Rockingham county, Virginia, to Howard county, Missouri, which has since been his home. 596 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. D. H. PAYTON, a native of Madison county, Kentucky, was born in 1820, and was the son of Yelverton Payton, also a Kentuckian by birth, born about the year 1790. He married Mildred White, a daughter of Joel White, of Madison county, and they had eight children, six of whom survive. The senior Payton, leaving the state of his birth in 1843, came to Missouri and settled in Randolph county, where he subse- quently died. D. H. Payton, when nearly twenty-two years old, or in 1842, was married to Martha F. Best, of Garrett county, Ken- tucky, and a daughter of Eben Best, a noted stockman of that state, who was once owner of the celebrated stock farm bearing his name. Mr. and Mrs. Payton have had eight children, of whom five are living. Mr. Payton came from Randolph county to Howard county in 1871, and has since made this his home. He owns 220 acres of excellent land in section 28. Politically he is a greenbacker, but was formerly a democrat. JEFFERSON C. ROBERTSON, originally from Randolph county, Missouri, was born March 5, 1849. His father, Hiram Robertson (who died in December, 1880), was a Virginian by birth, and took for his wife Miss Sidney Waylaud, a daughter of Henry and Ara Wayland. By this marriage there were nine children, of whom five are living. Jefferson C, the third in the family, was married in February 1876, to Miss May E. Rucker, a daughter of Joseph and Eliza, Rucker. They have had four children, of whom Sidney I., Francis E. and Charles J. are living, and an infant is deceased. Mr. Randolph is the possessor of 279 acres of fine land, improved and watered, and within two and a half miles of Yatesville. Politically he is independent. MRS. SALLIE E. ROBB was born in Randolph county, Missouri, in 1838. Her father, James Leslie Robb, a Virginian by birth, born in 1778, married Miss Susan Huckell, originally from Kentucky, born in 1810. Their family con- sisted of nine children, five girls and four boys. Miss Sallie remained at home until 1855, when she was married to Samuel Robb, a son of Jonas Robb. To them were given eight children, of whom seven sur- vive : James B., born in 1856; Susan, born in 1858 ; Sarah N., born in 1859, (now deceased) ; John P., born in 1861; Jonas, born in 1863 ; Mary M., born in 1866 ; Lucy A. R., bom in 1869 ; and George W., born in 1873. James B. married Miss Susan A. Magruder ; Susan is the wife of S. W. Creson, and John P. married Miss Mattie Morris. Mr. Robb's death occurred in 1876, he leaving a large circle of friends and relatives to mourn his loss. Mrs. R. owns 202 acres of land in this township, upon section 5. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 597 i DR. J. B. SCOTT, druggist and physician, at Burton, owes his nativity to Henry county, Kentucky, where he was born July 29, 1848. His father, W. H. Scott, a native of Scotland, was born in Glasgow and emigrated to this country while young, locating in New York. He remained in that state for some time, learning the shoemaker's trade, after which, going to Kentucky, he married Miss Nancy McEndree, of Henry county, that state, and a daughter of Reuben McEndree, one of the earlier pioneers of Kentucky. To them were born five children, of whom J. B. was second. In 1866 W. H. Scott came to Missouri, settling in Monroe county, where he resided about eleven years, then locating in Howard county. The subject of this sketch lived with his father until twenty-one years old, then engaging in teaching and the study of medicine. He graduated in pharmacy and medicine from the Missouri Medical College of St. ]Louis, Missouri, in the fall of 1873. Dr. Scott then located at Burton, and the following winter, ou the 23d day of December, 1874, was married to Miss S. A. Mc- Cafferty, second daughter of Judge James McCafferty. In 1877, yi connection with his brother, he opened a drug store, which is now owned by Major Wilson and himself, and has conducted it to the present. This is the only drug establishment in the place, and they are enjoying a good patronage. The doctor has a lucrative practice, in which he has been very successful. DAVIE R. SHORT was born in Howard county, Missouri, in 1845. His father, a native of Boone county, Missouri, was born in 1817, and married Miss Mary Ann Young, of Howard county. D. R. Short, the eldest of a family of three children, remained with his father until the death of the latter, after which he made his home with his mother until twenty- one years old. In 1874 Mr. S. was married to Miss Mary E. Swear- ingin of Boone county, and a daughter of C. M. Swearingin. To them were born three children, Ethel, Josia and Sallie Marie. In 1881, upon leaving Boone county, Mr. Short came to Howard county, which has since been his home. Here he devotes his attention to the raising of stock. Politically he is a democrat. JAMES SIMPSON, aresident of Burton township, owes his nativity to Scotland, where he was born in 1841. Robert Simpson, his father, also originally from Scotland, was married to Miss Elizabeth Clark, and by this union there was only one child, the subject of this biography. He immi- grated to America in 1870, but in 1866 he was married to Miss Mary Innis, a daughter of John Innis, and also of Scotch ancestry. To them were born six children: Robert, (who died in 1881), John, James, George, Alexander and Mary. Mr. Simpson has a farm of 598 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. eighty acres. He is an excellent carpenter and quite a mechanic, and devotes considerable attention to this industrjr. In his political pre- ferences he is democratic. ALVIN P. SPOTTS was born in Howard county, Missouri, June 5, 1857. His father, a Virginian by birth, born about the year 1826, married Miss M. A. Prather, of Howard county, and a daughter of Mrs. A. Walkup. To them were born seven children : Alvin P., Eugene L., Lela A., Ida E., Edwin R., Baylor A. and Arretta F. Mr. Spotts, Sr., came to this state when only ten years of age, and is, therefore, one of the earliest settlers of Howard county. He and his wife are both living, and are located near Armstrong. The subject of this sketch remained at home until twenty-two years old, then coming to Burton. From that time on (or from August, 1879,) to January, 1883, he was occupied in the mercantile business, a portion of the time with Mr. Winn as a partner, but previously he was a director of the Patrons' supply house in Burton. December 10, 1881, Mr. Spotts was mar- ried to Miss Mattie D. Harris, a daughter of Thomas B. Harris, one of the most extensive land owners in this township. They have one child, Harvey W. JUDGE MORGAN A. TAYLOR, a native of Virginia, was born May 15, 1823. His father, Humphrey Taylor, also a Virginian by birth, born in 1788, married Miss Ann Broyle, of the same state as himself. To them were born seven chil- dren, of whom Morgan was the sixth child. In 1844, leaving Vir- ginia, he accompanied his father to Missouri, locating in Howard county, where he has since remained. The senior Taylor died in 1870. In November, 1859, the subject of this sketch was married to Miss Amanda Burton, a daughter of Moses Burton. Their family consists of nine children: Fratie B., Alice P., Robert L., Minnie B., Mary H., William B., JohnM., Fannie S. and Gertrude. Eight of these are now living at home. In 1856 Mr. Taylor was elected judge of the county court of Howard county, and served continuously for eleven years in a manner which won for him the highest commenda- tion of all. Since then he has given his attention to carrying on his fine farm of 480 acres. .This is under cultivation and well improved. Politically he is a democrat. J. C. TAYLOR, farmer and stock raiser, was born on the 24th of February, 1851, at Roanoke, Howard county, Missouri. His father, Thomas Taylor, who came originally from Virginia, was born in 1817, and married Miss Virginia Davis, of Randolph county. By this marriage there were seven children: W. B., J. C, Henry, Rufus E., Lizzie and HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 599 Dora. Five of this number are now living. After he was twelve years old, J. C. Taylor went to live with his grandfather, with whom he remained until the death of that relative in 1874. In 1877 he was married to Miss Fannie Baugh. They have one child, a daughter, Maudie, born April 22, 1878. Mr. Taylor's farm of 180 acres is lo- cated in sections 18 and 19, and is well watered and improved, and of good quality. He is a democrat in his political views. ASA THOMSON, the son of Asa Thomson, was born in Howard county, Missouri, while his father, Asa Thomson, originally from Kentucky, came to Missouri in- 1820 and located in this county. Here he was married to Miss Margaret Wallace, a native of the same state us himself, and they were the parents of twelve children, six boys and six girls, of whom eight are living. When twenty-one years of age, young Thom- son, leaving home, went to live with his brother-in-law, with whom he remained five years. In the winter of 1863 he was married to Miss Mell Robertson, a daughter of Hiram Robertson. During the war Mr. T. enlisted in company A , General Clark's regiment, under Colonel Jackson, and served for four years. He owns a farm of 340 acres of fine land, eighty acres of which are in Randolph county, and the bal- ance on what is known as Foster's Prairie. Mr. and Mrs. Thomson have had eight children, five of whom are living: William, Johnnie F., Ara, Lena and Bettie. Three are deceased: Sidney, Sallie and Elfie J. Mr. T. is a democrat. WILLIAM S. THOMPSON was also born within the limits of Howard county, Missouri, on Decem- ber 7, 1820. N. M. Thompson, his father, a native of Kentucky, born in 1794, emigrated to this county in 1812, and was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Williams, a daughter of C. C.Williams, of Howard county. Their family consisted of sixteen children, but only five are now living. William S. remained with his father until eighteen years of age, when he went to the Platte Purchase, staying about two years after his marriage. On the 8th of October, 1839, Miss Mary Jeffries, of Clay county, and a daughter of John Jeffries, became his wife. To them were born six children : Nero, Elizabeth, Nancy Ann, Colden W., Arminta M. and Margaret. Four of these children are now living. Mr. Thompson owns a farm of 110 acres in section 22. He has ever been a democrat in his political preferences. JAMES M. WALKUP, farmer and stock raiser, section 8, was born in 1850, and is also a native of Howard county, Missouri. James Walkup, his father, a Kentuckian by birth, came to this connty about the year 1830. He died a month before the birth of James M. The latter, the youngest son of a family of nine, children, lived with his mother until 1872, 600 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. when he went to Iowa, remaining there for four years. In 1876 he was married, while in that state, to Miss Lizzie McMains, and they have been blessed with three children, all of whom are living: Arthur M., Bertha and Virgil. Mr. Walkup has in his possession 137 acres of improved land. In his political affiliations he is democratic. C. T. WARE, born in the year 1829, in Burton township, Howard county, Missouri, was the son of John B. and Susan Ware, nee Graves, both Kentuck- ians by birth, the former born in 1804, and the latter in 1805 or 1806. They were married in Shelby county, Kentucky, in 1823, and to them were born three girls and five boys, of whom C. T. is the third now living. John B. Ware took for his second wife Miss Elizabeth Graves. When fifteen years old the subject of this sketch commenced working out, and soon went to Indiana, where he remained one year, then re- turning to this eounty. March 9, 1852, he was married to Miss Mar- tha Robb, daughter of Jonas and Sallie Robb. They have two chil- dren : John S., born March 31, 1855, married Miss Dora Ketchum, and Sarah E., born April 22, 1857, wife of J. W. Magruder, of Bur- ton. They have with them at this time two orphan children, whom they are raising : Sallie B. and Thomas. Mr. Ware owns 186 acres of land in section 5, upon which he is extensively interested in farm' ing and the raising of stock. MAJOR M. W. WILSON, who came originally from Delaware, was born in 1825, and is the son of Joshua Wilson, of the same state, born about the year 1785. He married Miss Mary Glover, and to them were born three children : M. W., Sarah, born in 1812, still living and unmarried, and Elizabeth, born in 1829, and the wife of Joseph Dickerson, of Delaware. When Mr. Wilson left his native state, in 1842, he came to Shelby county, Missouri, where he made his home until 1846. Going to Palmyra, he remained until 1847, at which time he enlisted under Colonel John Ralls, of Ralls county, in the Mexican war, serving until the close of hostilities. Returning to Palmyra, he was married July 11, 1849, to Miss Amelia Pool, a daughter of Anthony Pool, of Marion county, Missouri. They had four children, of whom Ida and Mary are living, and Annabel and John are deceased, the former dying in 1876, and the latter in 1865. In 1850 Mr. Wilson went to Shelby county, Missouri, and located at a place known as Walker's Mill, on Salt river, where he built a saw and grist mill. Selling out in 1857, he settled at Mad- ison, Monroe county, erected a mill there, but disposed of it in 1860, then going to Cedar county. He operated a mill near Stockton, on Cedar creek, until 1862, then leaving the vicinity on account of the troubles pertaining to the civil war. For one year he lived in Easton, Leavenworth county, Kansas, and upon returning to Madison, Mis- souri, was engaged in merchandising for one year. Subsequently he HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 601 sold out, but he remained there till the fall of 1880, at which time, coming to Howard county, he located at Burton and embarked in business here. He now owns the drug store at this place, and has a well-stocked establishment. He is at present occupied in coal minin°- as one of the Salt Fork Coal Mining company of Missouri. While in Monroe county he served for sixteen years as a justice of the peace, and just before leaving was elected for another term of four years, but resigned. He is now a notary public. One of Major Wilson's daughters is the widow of H. M. Haley, and the other daughter is the wife of a Mr. Scott, a merchant at Sebree. JOHN O. WINN, merchant and manager of the Grange co-operative store at Burton. Among the young business men of Howard county, none, judging by the best criterion — success already achieved — have a more promising future than the young gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He was born in Boone county, this state, in 1858, and was a son of George and Etta (O'Neal) Winn, both now deceased. John O. was still a child when his father threw himself into the civil war to uphold the institutions and honor of the south, and paid the sacrifice of his life upon the altar of his convictions. The love and tender care of a de- voted young mother were not long spared to smooth the pathway of her fatherless children through life. She, too, died a few years after her husband looked his last upon the bright banner that led him to a soldier's grave. James and Anna were left orphan children. Anna is now the wife of French Gulick, of Boone county. At the age of twelve, James went to St. Charles county. There in the ordinary schools he acquired the rudiments of an education. His knowledge of books he afterwards improved by private study. From St. Charles he went to Texas. Two years afterwards he returned to Missouri and stopped at Burton. Here he has since made his home. The first two years he clerked in a store at this place. The following year he was a partner with Mr. A. P. Spotts in the mercantile business. He was then appointed manager of the co-operative Grange store, the position he now fills. As a merchant he has proved a marked success. Under his management the store has declared an annual net dividend of nearly twelve per cent. Of the many Grange stores started a number of years ago, this is one of the very few that have proved successful, a fact highly complimentary to the business ability of its manager. In this establishment he has become a leading stockholder — the prin- cipal one, in fact, in the store. It does an annual business of over $60,000, and its trade is rapidly increasing. This, on a capital stock of $6,000, is a most flattering showing. Several years ago Mr. Winn was married to Miss Josephine McCafferty, an amiable and accom- plished daughter of Judge McCafferty, of Burton, whose sketch ap- pears elsewhere. In politics Mr. W. is a democrat, and is now the representative of his township in the democratic central committee of the county. As a citizen and a neighbor he is respected and esteemed by all. 602 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. BOIIE FBMME TOWNSHIP. ELIJAH ANCELL, section 28, is a Virginian by birth, and was bora in 1830, being the son of James Ancell, who was born in 1798, in Lawrence county, Virginia. He Jived there until his marriage, in 1816, to Miss Frances Estes, of the same state, and they had six sons, all now living but one, of whom Elijah is the youngest. In 1836 he accompanied his father to Howard county, Missouri, locating at first two miles from his present residence, and two years later moving to the place he now occupies. The senior Ancell died in 1872, his wife's death occurring June 19, of the same year. Mr. Ancell was married in 1850 to Miss Surah F. Mason, who bore him five children — Falicia Frances, Mary W., Lucy S., James T. and Samuel N. He was again married in October, 1879, to Miss Lucinda Harges, a daughter of Caleb and Elizabeth Harges, of this county. They have one child, Elijah C, born August 28, 1881. Mr. A. owns 160 acres of land. He and his wife are members of the Christian church, in which he is an elder. JAMES JOHNSON AVEETT is an old resident of Howard county, having always made his home within her limits. He was born June 16, 1836, near Fayette, his parents being James and Polly (Hale) Avrett. The former was born in South Carolina in 1803. Their family consisted of twelve children, all of whom arrived at manhood and womanhood, and of these nine are living. James J., the eighth child, lived upon the farm with his father until twenty-five years old, his education being somewhat neglected in youth. In March, 1861, he was married to Miss Cynthia Jane Winn, daughter of Thomas and Margaret Winn, both of Howard county. To them were born eight children — Effie L., Boyd, Wil- liam K., Luther, Peter H. and Cassius are living, and two daughters, Minnie and Lulu, are deceased. Mr. Avrett is greatly interested in educational matters, and has given his children excellent opportunities for attending school. He owns 240 acres of land, 200 acres being in section 16, upon which is located his residence. MINTER H. BAILEY. In Fauquier county, Virginia, on the 20th day of August, 1808, occurred the birth of the subject of this sketch. He was principally reared in Lewis county, West Virginia. In 1830 he came as far west as St. Louis, and remained thereuntil 1833, then moving to Howard county and locating on Salt creek. Mr. B. was married February 6, HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 603 1854, to Miss Nancy Bradley, who was born iu May, 1814. Nine of the twelve children born to them are living : Mary J., born February 18, 1838; Samuel, born February 6, 1840; Kachel, born January 2, 1842; Sarah, born December 21, 1843; Nancy, born September 21, 1848; Minter, Jr., born December 30, 1850; Susan M., born Jan- uary 6, 1853 ; James S., born August 6, 1855 ; Thomas, born August 19, 1858. Elizabeth, John and Melinda are deceased. John was killed in the army under Price, May 10, 1864. Mr. Bailey's father, Samuel, was born in Southern Virginia. He married Miss Agnes Hutchinson, of Virginia, and to them were born six sons and two daughters. Mr. B. owns 280 acres of land, most of it of a superior quality. JOHN BARTON, a justice of the peace of Bonne Femme township, residing at Bun- ker Hill, was born in England, June 18, 1844. His father, Solomon Barton, also a native of that country, married Miss Susan Dallas. They early emigrated to the United States and settled in Kentucky. The subject of this sketch left Kentucky in 1868 and emigrated to Howard county, where he was married in 1878 to Miss Nancy Hern, a daughter of George Hern, of Howard county. They have two chil- dren, William and Joseph. ANDREW COLLINS was born in Madison county, Kentucky, September 15, 1815, and was takeu when young by his parents to Tennessee. The family lived in that state until 1819, then emigrating to Cooper county, Missouri. His father, Thomas Collins, was a native of Kentucky, and in 1809 mar- ried Miss Frances Woods, of the same state. Andrew was the third of a family of eleven children. Thomas Collins was engaged to some extent in freighting on the lower Mississippi, and in 1829 died in New Orleans. His wife's death occurred in 1882. The subject of this sketch was married in Cooper county, in 1845, to Miss M. L. Smith, a Dative of Missouri. They have had nine children: James D., Thomas, Susan F., William B., Martha E., Isaac G., John G., Re- becca P. and Andrew. Politically Mr. C. is a staunch democrat, and takes deep interest in the Grange, of which he is a member. He owns 240 acres of land, 100 acres of which are good bottom land. DR. T. H. DINWIDDIE, druggist at Bunker Hill, and a prominent and enterprising young phy- sician of the vicinity, was born on November 5, 1858, and is a native of Boone county, Missouri. His father, Dr. Archie Dinwiddie, a Vir- ginian by birth, located in Madison, Indiana, and from there came to Missouri in 1830. He was married three times : first to a Miss Mitchell, of Fayette, afterwards to Miss Dudgeon, daughter of Cap- tain Dudgeon, and lastly to Miss Sallie A. Harris, daughter of Tyler Harris, a noted "stump-speaker." T. H. resided with his father 604 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. until about sixteen years of age, and later he attended the medical de- partment of the state university at Columbia for ten months. Subse- quently he became a student in the Missouri Medical College at St. Louis, graduating from that institution, March 5, 1878. Dr. D. soon went to Moberly, Missouri, and remained with the surgeon of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroad for a time. In three months he located at Bunker Hill, where he is now enjoying a lucrative practice. August 17, 1880, Miss Susan M. Jones, daughter of W. M. Jones, of this county, became his wife. They have one child, Harry M. The doctor is the owner of a well stocked drug store at this place. JAMES H. FELAND was born in Howard county, Missouri, near Fayette, in 1830. His father, William M. Feland, was a native of Kentucky and was born in 1802. He came to Howard county in 1817, and was married in 1827, in this county, to Miss Elizabeth Snell. To them were born seven children, four of whom are now living. Mr. Feland was a farmer by calling and followed this occupation until his death, in 1846. James H. spent his early life on his father's farm, obtaining a common school education. At the age of twenty-one years he com- menced teaching school, and after pursuing this avocation for a time resumed farming for one year, and then received the appointment of deputy sheriff from Bird Deatheridge, Esq. After holding this posi- tion eight months he was elected in August, 1855, assessor for two years, but owing to a new law going in force he was legislated out of office at the expiration of one year. He was then appointed district assessor for two more years, by the county court. In 1860 he was elected by the democrats, sheriff, and served the county faithfully in that capacity. After the expiration of his term of office he re- turned to his farm on section 36, and has devoted himself to the more peaceful calling of farming and stock raising. His farm con- sists of 160 acres of excellent land. Mr. Feland was married in December, 1858, to Miss Elizabeth Gates, of Howard county, she being the daughter of Daniel Gates. Of ten children born to Mr. and Mrs. Feland, nine are now living: Susan I., Mamie J., Wil- liam A., Oliver D., Carrie M., Sallie F., Thomas, Nannie P., John B. and James M. KEV. JACKSON HARRIS, pastor of the Missionary Baptist church at Bunker Hill, and now re- siding on section 7, was born near- Fayette, Howard county, Mis- souri, April 12, 1825, and was the son of William Harris, a farmer by occupation, born May 15, 1792, in Virginia. He lived there until nineteen years old, emigrated to Kentucky, and in 1812 or 1813 mar- ried Miss Margaret Downing, daughter of Ezekiel Downing. After living in Kentucky a few years, Mr. H. removed to Missouri, locating in Lincoln, but two years later, in 1820, came to Howard county be- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 605" fore the present town of Fayette contained a house. He helped to carry the chain for Alfred W. Morrison when this county was sur- veyed. Jackson remained with his father until twenty-three years of age, soon entering the employ of General Clark, for whom he had previously worked at intervals. He travelled for one year, and dur- ing this time, on January 22, 1851, was married to Miss Nancy Cas- per, daughter of John Casper, of Howard county, and one of its old settlers. They have had eight children, and brought up three sons and three daughters. About 1848 Mr. Harris was converted under the preaching of Wm. T. Ellington, and in 1849 commenced prepar- ing himself for the ministry. After due study he acted as a local ex- horter until in August, 1867, when he was ordained a minister of the Baptist denomination. He has ever 'followed farming in connection with his ministerial labors, and now owns 222 acres of land, all in this township, except forty acres, in Randolph county. His home, place contains 142 acres of well improved land. JOHN R. HITT was born April 2, 1827, in Virginia. His father, Joab Hitt, also a Virginian by birth, was born about the year 1780, and was married to Miss Nancy Vaughan. They had six children, of whom John R. was the second, and he is one of four now living. He was educated in his native state, and in 1846 he came to Howard county, Missouri, remaining for three years, and returning in 1849 to Virginia. In 1852 he again came to this county, He was married first, in 1849, to Laura L. Brown, who bore him nine children: Joel H., James B., Samuel H., Andrew J., Bennett, Ernest (now deceased), Russell V., Arthur (now deceased) and John C. His second marriage occurred in Giles county, Tennessee, to Miss Sarah L. Quarles, of Tennessee, a daughter of Ammon T. Quarles. To them have been born seven children; Laura E., Francis, Tennessee, Jennie, Emily Jane, Adda and Luavedia. Politically Mr. H.is democratic. He owns 220 acres of land. WALTER A. HITT, a native of Howard county, Missouri, was born, October 25, 1846, and was the son of Joab Hitt, originally from Virginia, and one of the earliest settlers of Howard county, Missouri, who married Miss Frances B. Taylor, also of that state. To them were born ten chil- dren, of whom six survive: James R., John H., Francis A., Eliza- beth, Warren T. and Walter A. The latter received his education in the district schools, and continued to reside at home until twenty-one years old. December 26, 1876, he married Miss Anna T. Dougherty, daughter of John T. Dougherty, of this county. They have had three children : Archie S., Edna E. and Roy B. One of these chil- dren is deceased. Mr. Hitt owns 205 acres of land near Meyers' post-office (Bunker Hill), nearly all of which is well improved. He is a member of the Grange. During the war he belonged to a com- pany which acted for the Confederate cause. 40 606 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. WILLIAM M. JONES is one of Bonne Femme's most prominent citizens. He is a native of Jessamine county, Kentucky, and was born on the 13th day of July, 1827. His father, J. D. Jones, was also born in Kentucky, in 1797. The maiden name of his mother was America Bowen. William M. was the fifth son and sixth child of a family of ten children. His youth, until eighteen, was spent in the state of his birth, after which he passed three years in Illinois. In 1848 he returned to Kentucky and was there married to Miss D. Boggry, of that state. Their eight children were named Susie M., Jennie, Joseph, Fannie, Callie, America, Henrie and William J. In October, 1871, Mr. Jones lo- cated where he now lives, and at this time he owns over 300 acres of valuable land ; besides conducting his farming operations he is en- gaged in a successful mercantile business at Bunker Hill, and is also a stock dealer of prominence. He holds the position of postmaster of Meyer's post-office. GEORGE STEPHEN LAY. Alfred Lay, the grandfather of George, is remembered as being one of the pioneers of Howard county, and one of the first, if not the first, to operate a mill in the county. His son, William, was born in this county in 1822, and married Miranda Simeons. Of their nine boys and three girls, five attained manhood and womanhood. The subject of this sketch was born in Howard county, Missouri, June 20, 1854. He found a wife in the person of Miss Flora Stewart, a daugh- ter of C. C. Stewart, of New York. They have two children living — C. L. and Arthur. Ada and George are deceased. Politically, Mr. L. is a republican. His farm contains 180 acres. GEOEGE S. and HENRY C. MUIR, who are now residing on section 36 of this township, are sons of W. B. and Margaret T. Muir, nee Blue, who were married in 1827, in Kentucky. Their family originally consisted of twelve children, six of whom survive. In 1827, emigrating to Missouri, they settled in Boone county, and in 1828 located where Mrs. Muir now lives, it being on the first farm cleared in the township. W. B. Muir died in September, 1875. Mrs. M. owns 160 acres of land, her sons, George S. and Henry O, making their home with her. They are both dem- ocrats. SAMUEL M. NAYLOR is the seventh child of a family of eight children born to George T. and Rosa Naylor, nee Newcomb, both natives of Kentucky. His father was born in 1786, and married in 1809. Samuel M. was born in Howard county, Missouri, October 19, 1831. He lived with his father until eighteen years of age and then went to New Mexico, and ' HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 607 after a short residence there returned to his former home. In 1852 he was married to Miss Amanda Avery, daughter of James Avery, of Howard county. They have five children living — Samuel P., born January 20, 1853; Cornelia, born June 5, 1855; Kosa A., born July 1, 1860 ; Mary M., born March 23, 1863 ; William F., born Decem- ber 25, 1867 ; John H., born May 30, 1857, died August 1, 1861; and Fannie W., born December 5, 1864, died September 8, 1875. Mr. Naylor owns a farm of 160 acres, in sections 31 and 32. He and his wife are members of the Christian church, and Mr. N. belongs to the Masonic fraternity at Fayette. FRANKLIN NAYLOR was born in Howard county, Missouri, March 26, 1842, being the son of George T. Naylor, born in May, 1768, who, in 1800, emigrated to Kentucky, coming thence to Howard county, Missouri, in 1830. He was married twice, his first marriage occurring to Miss Rosa New- comb, in 1809. In 1837 he married Miss Margaret Griffin. Of their family of five children, Franklin was the third. He remained with his father until 1873, and on June 26, 1877, he was married. He has two children — Oscar and Allie E. Mr. N. owns a farm of fifty-three acres in section 36. GEORGE W. POTTER may well be said to have been the architect of his own for- tune. He is the son of William J. Potter, a native of Maryland, who was born in 1793. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and par- ticipated in the battle of Plattsburg. He came to Missouri first in 1826, moving tothe state to reside permanently in 1829. He mar- ried Miss Ann C. Parten, and to them were born four children, George W. being the youngest. His birth occurred April 14, 1836. At the age of fifteen he left home and commenced working for himself and attending school, qualifying himself for a teacher. He supplemented the primary education received in the common schools by attending Central college at Fayette. Mr. P. married Miss Mary A. Gatewood, in 1867. They have had six children — George W., born May 12, 1868; Orange, born July 30, 1869; Anna L., born November 9, 1871; John M., born August 27, 1873; Dora, born November 22, 1875 ; Arthur, born March 25, 1877. Mr. Potter's homestead is sit- uated in section 31, and he owns 471 acres of highly productive and splendidly improved land. He is a thoroughly practical, progressive farmer, and keeps fully up with the times in everything. His stock is of excellent breed and numerous. EDWARD S. ST. CLAIR is a son of Isaac B. St. Clair, who was a native of Virginia, born in 1800. He lived in his native state until 1857. He was married, in 1822, to Miss Maria Wilson, daughter of James Wilson, and to them 608 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. were born nine children, the subject of this sketch being the seventh child. He was born in Prince William county, Virginia, in 1847. During the late war he enlisted in company E, 8th Missouri cavalry, Shelby's brigade, and served faithfully for three years and eight months, proving himself a brave and efficient soldier. In 1864 he re- ceived injuries in the service that disabled him of the use of one of his arms for life. He was married, in 1869, to Miss Nancy Bailey, of Howard county, Missouri. She is a daughter of Minter H. Bailey. Their family circle consists of six children — George W., born in 1870; Archie E., born in 1872; Nora J., born in 1873 ; Isaac T., born in 1876; John M., born in 1878, and Mary A., born in 1880. Mr. and Mrs. St. Clair are members of the Christian church. Mr. St. Clair's farm, in section 22, contains 160 acres, nearly all of which is covered with fine grass. He is one of the most extensive stock dealers in the eastern part of the county. H. B. TURNER was born in Simpson county, Kentucky, in 1859. He was reared in his native state, and was educated at Russellville college, Logan county, Kentucky. He is at present engaged in the important duties of teach- ing school, and has attained a well-merited success as a capable in- structor. His father, Richard O. Turner, was born in Kentucky. The maiden name of his mother was Susannah J. Blewette. The subject of this sketch was the third child of a family of eight chil- dren, of whom seven are now living. JUDGE GEORGE J. WINN is the seventh child of a family of eight children born to James and Elizabeth (Adams) Winn. They were both natives of Madison county, Kentucky, the former having been born in 1797, and the latter in 1799. Mrs. W. died in 1882. They came to Howard county, Missouri, in 1817, and on July 7, 1829, Mr. Winn was killed by In- dians in Adair county. George J. Winn was born in Bonne Femme township, Howard county, April 28, 1828. May 20, 1852, he was married to Miss Frances A. Hitt, daughter of Joab Hitt, of this count}'. They have had ten children: William H., MaryE., Francis B., George J., Joab H, Edward L., John B., James W., Alice B. and Bertha M. Of these, eight are living. Mr. Winn owns 620 acres of land, his home farm containing 320 acres, upon which is an excellent residence. He is a stock raiser of considerable prominence. In 1882, he was elected by the democratic party, one of the judges of the county court, a position he is at present filliug. REV. WILLIAM K. WOODS, one of the early Baptist ministers of Howard county, is a son of Peter and Jale (Cavinaugh) Woods, early pioneers of that county. The HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 609 father of our subject was born in 1762, and the mother in 1765. The marriage that changed the name of Miss Jale Cavinaugh to Mrs. Jale Woods, was consummated in 1783. By this union there were sixteen children born, of whom Wm. K., born in August, 1807, is the twelfth. His parents resided in Howard county from 1810 until 1825, when the father departed this life. Wm. K. was married on the 17th day of January, 1828, to Miss Sallie Maguyer, of Howard county. To them were born Susan B., Peter W., John, Sarah A., Jale A., Nancy C, Charles K., Andrew E., William G. and Mary E. Nine of these children are now living. Mr. Wood's farm in section 24, con- tains 120 acres. For years he was actively engaged in ministerial work, but now, owing to his age, he has given place to those who are younger, but still remains an active worker in the church, and for his past labors receives the highest praise from his co-laborers. ADDENDUM It has been nearly impossible to obtain a history of the churches of the M. E. denomination in this county, in consequence of the early records having been lost. What we here present was handed us too late to place in its proper order in the ecclesiastical history of Howard county. For this reason, we insert it here. M. E. CHURCH SOUTH, FAYETTE, MO. [Prepared by R«v. J. H. Ledbetter.] " The world is my parish," has ever been the motto of Method- ism. Since 1770, Methodist circuit riders have been pushing on west- ward with the sure rolling tide of emigration. The Methodist itiner- ant is everywhere. During the year 1806, one of these modern apostles on horseback, with saddle-bags containing his Bible and hymn book, crossed the Mississippi river at or near New Madrid. This was John Travis, a member of what was then called the western confer- ence. The whole territory of Missouri was his circuit. In the year 1815, a new circuit was formed north of the Missouri river, embrac- ing the counties of Boone, Howard and Chariton. It was called Boone's Lick circuit, and was the seventh circuit organized in Missouri. Eev. Joseph Piggott was the first regularly appointed pastor of the Methodist church to Howard county. Others may have made preaching tours to the several small settlements in the county prior to this ; but Piggott came as the regular preacher, and organized the church. Rev. Samuel Thompson was presiding elder of the Missouri district. The next year Eev. Jesse Walker was presiding elder, and Joseph Piggott circuit preacher. From 1817 to the fall of 1824, the following Methodist preachers were at times -employed in Howard county: Jesse Walker, John Scripps, Alexander McAlister, Jesse Haile, James Keyete, David Sharp, Wm. W. Redman, Uriel Ham, and Shadrack Casteel. Missouri had, in the year 1824, been consti- tuted an annual conference, with three districts. About this time, or probably a little later, a church was organized in or near the present town of Fayette. The preaching, and the customary class meetings, were held in the house of William Reynolds, commonly called " Billie (610) HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 611 Eeynolds." His house was situated about a half mile east of Fay- ette, on the spot where General J. B. Clark, Jr., lived when elected to congress, in 1872. It is not known certainly who organized this church, or who composed the membership. During the great civil war, the church records were taken out of the store of Mr. John Ewen by a body of United States soldiers and burned. It was done, no doubt, because the word " south" was on them, it being a part of the name of the Methodist church at Fayette. By this vandal act, vei'y important historical matter was destroyed, with no possibility of ever having it reproduced, so the meagre state- ments contained herein have been gathered after much trouble and delay. It appears from all that can be gathered from the memories of the " oldest inhabitants," that the Methodist church was organized some- time between 1824 and 1827. Mr. Stephen Garner, now living in Prairie township, Howard county, came to the county in 1820, and he says that he attended class meeting and preaching at the residence of " Billie Eeynolds," in 1827, and that a. few years before that, he knows the class had been organized. It is not certainly known who the minister was under whom the organization was effected. We know this, in the year 1824, Kev. Wm. W. Redman was preacher in charge of Boone's Lick circuit, which included all of the county, and more. It is very probable that he preached at Fayette, for we find his name associated in the minds of the old people, with the earliest meetings held by the Methodists in this part of the county. In the year 1825, Eev. Urial Ham, and Eev. Shadrack Casteel were the preachers. In 1826, Ham and Redman were the preachers. Now, we think that it was during this period that Fayette became a regular preaching place, and other new points were evidently added, as the eircuit had two regular preachers. In the years 1826 and 1827, Rev. Andrew Mon- roe was presiding elder, and James Baukson was the circuit preacher. He was a young man of fine natural gifts, but of limited education, yet, by application, he became an able minister. The house of " Billie Eeynolds " was still ^he preaching place for the Fayette church, and in the country, the house of Mr. Bennett Clark was another preach- ing place. Early Members of Fayette Church. — We are very sorry that we cannot give a full list of the original members of the Fayette Metho- dist church ; but so it is. We give below the names that we have been able to obtain, as belonging prior to 1840. The first six or seven were doubtless charter members. Billie Reynolds and wife, Mrs. 612 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Mary Green, Bennett Clark, Joseph Sears, Esq., Hampton Boone, Mr. Ball, David Johnson, Henry W. Kringe, Mrs. Leverage, James Miller, Mrs. James Miller, and James Hicks. It might be well for me to give a few lines of personal reference to some of these pioneers of the Fayette Methodism. Mr. Bennett Clark was a Virginian, and came to Howard county in 1818. He was a true man and an earnest Christian of the Methodist type of that day. His house was a preaching place, a home for the saddle-bag circuit rider. The old gentleman was very large. He was as tall as his son, General J. B. Clark, Jr., and weighed about 400 pounds. He was faithful in holding family prayers, but could not kneel down, so he sat up and read his Bible and prayed. Joseph Sears was a farmer, and for several years justice of the peace. While in this office he officiated at the marriage of Abiel Leonard. He was a devoted Methodist, and as a man and Christian was much beloved by all classes of society. Mrs. Mary Green, the wife of Dr. J. Green, was one of the elect ladies. What would the church do without its holy women ? She was one of the charter members of the Methodist church in Fayette. She was the mother of the noble Christian wife of Col. Joseph Davis. The old Boone's Lick circuit was noted for its holy, devout women. Of the members who were conspicuous after 1844 we may men- tion Mr. and Mrs. Adam Hendrix, Mr. and Mrs. William Nipper, Dr. and Mrs. J. J. Watts, Mr. and Mrs. A. Mitchell, Mr. Henderson, Mrs. Colonel Davis, Mrs. Kringe, Mr. John Ewen, Mr. John Marmaduke, etc. From these families there are three Methodist preachers now at work in Missouri : Dr. E. R. Hendrix, president of Central college ; Rev. Charles W. Watts, preacher in charge at Weston, and Rev. James J. Watts, of St. Louis. Of the early preachers mention should be made of Jesse Green, who took charge of the Fayette church in October, 1827. He was a preacher of mark in his day. His fort was doctrinal preaching, and he distinguished himself in the doctrinal debates of those early times. He gave special attention to the Calvinists and to the Disciples. He was a regular sledge hammer, the doctrinal preacher of his conference. In the fall of 1828 Rev. William Shores took charge of the church. He was afterward a citizen of Howard. He was a man of deep piety. He has several worthy children still living in the county, and one son, Rev. J. W. Shores, is a member of the Missouri conference at this time. In the fall of 1829 Joseph Edmondson became the preacher. He was a strong man, and was afterward stationed in St. Louis. In HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 613 September, 1830, Rev. Robert Jordan, who had just been ordained a deacon by Bishop Roberts, became preacher in charge. He was as good a man as ever was sent out — a true apostolic preacher. Then for ten years, up to 1840, the following preachers had charge at vari- ous times : William Ketron, John K. Lacy, A. W. Arnington, R. H. Jordan, Thomas Wallace, G. W. Bewley and David Fisher. Not having a copy of the general minutes at hand, I am unable to say who were the preachers from 1840 to 1857. During that time, however, Eev. Tyson Dines, one of Missouri's greatest preachers, was in charge of the church. From 1858 to 1865 the following were the pastors: S. W. Cope, B. F. Johnson, Andrew Monroe, W. M. Sutton andE. Eobinson. Heretofore the Fayette church had formed part of the circuit ; but in 1869 it was made a station. Professors Forster and Miller supplied the pulpit after the death of Dr. William A. Smith. Professor W. G. Miller acted as pastor from September, 1870, until the fall of 1871. At that time Rev. J. H. Ledbetter was appointed to the sta- tion. Iu September, 1872, Rev. William M. Newland became pastor. In September, 1873, Rev. William Penn ; September, 1874, Rev. H. P. Bond ; October, 1875, Rev. E. M. Mann ; September, 1876, Rev. W. W. Jones, and the church was again connected with the circuit. In September, 1877, Rev. J. R. A. Vaughan became pastor, and re- mained four years; in September, 1881, Rev. William Penn; in September, 1882, Rev. J. H. Ledbetter, who is still pastor. On the 12th of October, 1828, the thirteenth session of the Missouri annual conference convened with the Fayette church. Iu order to accommodate the preachers and people* and get the greater amount of religious good out of the, occasion, they held the conference in con- nection with a camp meeting, on the old Fayette camp ground, two and a half miles north of town. Bishop Joshua Soule presided. Some of the old people still remember the bishop. They were then children, and were struck by his dress. His coat was made with a stiff upright collar ; it was straight breasted, and shad-belly. His pants came just belowthe knees, and his high top boots buttoned over them. In October, 1839, the Missouri conference once again met with the Fayette church ; but this time in the town. Bishop Morris presided ; William W. Redman, secretary. In September, 1881, for the third time, the conference convened in Fayette. Bishop Capers presided ; W. M. Rush, secretary. The first preaching place, as I have already stated, was the resi- dence of Billie Reynolds. In the year 1826 the first court house was 614 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COCNTIES. erected, and the Methodists secured the privilege of preaching in it, which they continued to do until they succeeded in building a church. This first Methodist church ever built in Fayette was completed and occupied in 1838. It was only used by the Methodists about two years ; it then passed into the possession of the Reformers, or Disciples, as they were then called — " Christian church " now. They still use it. It is a small frame building on Second Main street. It seems that this church was never deeded to the Methodists. Mr. Hampton Boone, a well-to-do merchant, at that time a member and a local preacher of the Methodist church, advanced most of the money used in erecting the building. He found it difficult to get his pay, at least, it came in slowly. In 1840 he asked and obtained of the quarterly conference authority to sell the property and get his money out of it. When he had obtained this permission he withdrew from the Methodist church, and shortly afterward united with the Disciples and turned the church over to them. This, I have no doubt, is a true history in brief of a matter that occasioned much talk at the time and since. After the Methodists had thus lost their church they worshipped in a small brick school house that stood within the present campus of Central college ; but on great occasions they used the chapel of the high school building. This they continued to do until the year 1855, when they succeeded in building a frame church, at a cost of $2,500. It is still standing, and is now the property of the colored Methodists. This church was dedicated by Bishop G. F. Pierce, in 1856. This building was used until 1870, when, under the direction of Dr. William A. Smith, president of Central college, the congregation moved into the college chapel, where they still hold all of their services. They are soon to have more elegant quarters than ever, as the magnificent new chapel, "Centenary," is being erected at a cost of $24,000. God grant that their wanderings may be over ! When the Methodist church was divided in the United States into two branches, in 1844, on account of the great trial of Bishop Andrews, growing out of the agitation of the slavery question, there was a division in Howard county. All of the Methodist churches in the county adhered to the southern branch of the church. There has always been unity and harmony in the Fayette church. Even the great civil war did not disrupt them, though there were people of both sides in the church. For nearly sixty years Methodist preachers have been laboring in Fayette. The church has had a variety of ex- periences. It has passed through many dark and stormy days. It has been houseless and almost friendless at times, but better times have come to her. The handful has become a strong congregation. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 615 The future grows rosy with promise. Her gospel is the same, her mission the same, her spirit the same — may her courage and fidelity be the same ! The present membership is 227. The following is the official board: A.F.Davis, Lewis S. Prosser, O. H. P. Corprew, T. G. Mumpower, J. B. Bell. Tbere are two foreign missionary societies among the ladies and girls of the church, and one among the young men. The whole church contributes for missions about $400 per annum. Washington church, M. E. south, located on section 11, township 51, range 16, was organized about the year 1850. Among its original members were : Wm. Shores, wife and family, D. K. Spotts and wife,. Reuben and Levy Alverson, John Green, Martin Green and wife, Mar- tin A. Finnell, Wesley Green, and others. William Shores was the founder of the church. The building, a frame structure, was erected in 1866, at a cost of about $1,000, and during that year was dedicated by Dr. W. G. Miller. The present pastor in charge is William Was- sen. Its membership numbers 100. After the organization was first effected a church was built upon the site of the present one, but was burned at the beginning of the war. Oak Grove M. E. church south, is located on section 18, township 52, range 16, and was organized May 22, 1856. Its original members were: Mrs. Permelia Wallace, Mr. and Mrs. James Dodd, Mrs. Nar- cissa Snoddy, Stephen T. Garner and wife, Mrs. Elizabeth Yancy (wife of Robert Yancy), Miss Emeliue Dodd, Mrs. Ann McCully, Eobert Yancy, Miss Mary A. Snoddy, Mary Switzer, and three col- ored people, slaves. The building was constructed in 1874 and is of frame, having cost $1,600. It was dedicated in June, 1875, by Dr. E. K. Millet. Among the pastors who have served the church as such are: James Penn, S. W. Cope, Andrew Monroe (J. Smith, assistant), William F. Bell, Dr. Johnson, D. H. Root, William M. Rust, George Penn, Geo. W. Rich, Rev. Rooker, William Warren, and others, at intervals. The present membership is twenty-four. Rev. James Penn organized the church at the Old Liberty church site, one mile south of the present location, and services were held there until the winter of 1861, when the building was burned. Then services were conducted during the war at the house of Stephen T. Garner, and from 1866 until the new church was erected they occu- pied a school-house on the old Snoddy farm. Lebanon church was built in 1880 by members of Washington, and other churches. It is of frame and cost about $900, and was ded- icated (in 1880) by Dr. W. G. Miller. There is no regular pastor. Armstrong society, located in Armstrong, was organized in June, 616 HISTORY Of HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 188 — , with the following, as constituting the original membership : John. J. Walkup and wife, Mrs. Narcissus Harvey, Mrs. Fugate, Mat- thew Markland, Belle Krouse, William McCully and wife, Miss Ida McCully, Mrs. Bettie "Walker, Mrs. Cynthia -Hannah, Mrs. Lucy Mor- ris, S.B. Weir, M. D. Alverson and wife, Mrs. Francis, Jane Denny — seventeen in all. The church, a frame building, erected in 1881, cost $1,800, ,and is a union church, owned by tbe Christian, Baptist, Pres- byterian and M. E. south denominations. June 2, 1881, it was ded- icated by Rev. J. H. Pritchett. The pastors have been : Rev. W. F. Bell, Rev. W. Warren. Its membership is twenty-nine. Sharon church was organized in 1876. They worship in a build- ing owned by the M. E. south, Presbyterian and Baptist. The church building cost about $1,500. Besides these, there are churches known as Roanoke, Franklin, Clark chapel, Cooper chapel, Ebenezer church, and Smith's chapel. The Methodist Episcopal church was organized at Glasgow, De- cember 28, 1844. The preaching places were Glasgow and Souls chapel. Thomas Johnson was the first preacher in charge, and William Patton was the presiding elder. The trustees for the church at Glasgow were William D. Swinney, John Bull, William N. Smith, William F. Duunica, K. L. Barton, Benjamin W. Lewis and Jesse Arnot. Of these, three are now living. K. L. Barton and William F. Dunnica are living in Glasgow, and Jesse Arnot in St. Louis. James S. Thomson was elected first Sabbath school superintendent. At a quarterly meeting held April 5, 1845, the question of the division of the church was brought up, and it was unanimously decided to con- cur with the annual conference in the division of the church, and from this time the church was called the Methodist Episcopal church south. The names of the first members were as follows : B. W. Lewis, James Y. Williams, J. S. Thomson, John F. Nicholas, J. M. Sexton, George Humphreys, W. G. Brown, Elias R. Barton, R. P. Hanenkamp, Mrs. Carter, L. Wilson, Thomas Mead, T. N. Cockerill, Mrs. Elizabeth Barton, Mrs. Lacy, Jease Arnot, Noah Swacher, G. B. Dameron, W. F. Duninca, Charles Gilliam, James B. Lewis, Mrs. William Barton, T. Emmerson. Present pastor is Rev. A. Mizell. M. E. church (north), at Glasgow, was organized in the fall of 1865, with the following members : B. W. Lewis, James W. Lewis, Jennie Lewis and Noah Swacher and wife. The name of the first pastor was D. A. McCrady. Its membership now numbers forty-four. This church is now the only organization of that branch of the M. E. church (north), in the county. Another organization was started at Gillies chapel, below Glasgow, but it has not now any existence. HISTORY OF COOPER COUNTY. CHAPTEE I. Introduction — Importance of Early Beginnings — First Settlements — Their Courage — Their Condition Compared to that of the Pilgrim Fathers — How They Came and Where They Settled — War of 1812 — Cole's Fort — Where Located — First Appearance of Hostile Indians — They Kill and Scalp Smith — Settlers Capture a Boat and Cross to the North Side of the River — Samuel McMahan Killed — Fort at Hannah Coles'— The War Over — Major Stephen Cole Killed — First Con- stable South of the Missouri — Incidents — Strange but True. INTRODUCTION. Sixty-five years have passed since Cooper, the eldest and fairest daughter of Howard county, came into existence, and wonderful have been the changes and mighty have been the events and revolutions, the discoveries and inventions, that have occurred within this time. Perhaps since God "formed the earth and the world," and tossed them from the hollow of his hand into space, so many great things have not been accomplished in any sixty-five years. Reflections on these can- not fail to arouse wonder and awaken thankfulness that God has ap- pointed us the place we occupy in the eternal chain of events. Ten- nyson and Browning, Bryant and Whittier, Lowell and Longfellow have sung ; the matchless Webster, the ornate Sumner, the eloquent Clay, the metaphysical Calhoun and Seward, have since reached the culmination of their powers and passed into the grave. Macaulay, Thiers, Gizot and Froude have written in noble strains the great his- (617) 618 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. tory of their lands ; and Bancroft, and Prescott, and Hildreth, and Motley have won high rank among the historians of the earth ; Spur- geon, and Punshon, and Beecher, and Moody, have enforced with most persuasive eloquence the duties of morality and religion. Car- lyle, and Emerson, and Stuart Mill, and Spencer have given the re- sults of their speculations in high philosophy to the world. Mexico has been conquered, Alaska has been purchased ; the centre of popu- lation has travelled more than two hundred and fifty miles along the thirty-ninth parallel, and a majority of the states have been added to the glorious constellation on the blue field of our flag. Great cities have been created, and populous counties developed ; and the stream of emigration is still tending westward. Gold has been discovered in the far west, and the great civil war — the bloodiest in all the annals of time — has been fought. The telegraph, the telephone and railroad have been added to the list of the most important inventions. In fact, during this time our country has increased in population from a few millions of people to fifty millions. From a weak, obscure natiou it has become strong in all the elements of power and influence, and is to-day the most marvellous country for its age that ever existed. IMPORTANCE OF EARLY BEGINNINGS. Every nation does not possess an authentic account of its origin, neither do all communities have the correct data whereby it is possible to accurately predicate the condition of their first beginnings. Never- theless, to be intensely interested in such things is characteristic of the race, and it is particularly the province of the historian to deal with first causes. Should these facts be lost in the mythical tradition of the past, as is often the case, the chronicler invades the realm of the ideal, and compels his imagination to paint the missing picture. The patriotic Roman was not content until he had found the " first settlers," and then he was satisfied, although they were found in the very undesirable company of a wolf, and located on a drift, which the receding waters of the Tiber had permitted them to pre-empt. One of the advantages pertaining to a residence in a new country, and one seldom appreciated, is the fact that we can go back to the first beginnings. We are thus enabled to not only trace results to their causes, but also to grasp the facts which have contributed to form and mould these causes. We observe that a state or county has attained a certain position, and we at once try to trace out the reasons for this position in its settlement and surroundings, in the class of men by whom it was peopled, and in the many chances and changes HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 619 which have wrought out results in all the- recorded deeds of mankind. In the history of Cooper county we may trace its early settlers to their homes in the eastern states and in the countries of the old world. We may follow the course of the hardy backwoodsman from the " Buck- eye " or " Hoosier " state, and from Kentucky and Virginia, on his way west, " to grow up with the country," trusting only to his strong arm and willing heart to work out his ambition of a home for himself and wife, and a competence for his children. Again, we will see that others have been animated with the im- pulse to move on, after making themselves a part of the community, and have sought the newer parts of the extreme west, where civiliza- tion had not penetrated, or returned to their native heath. We shall find something of that distinctive New England character which has contributed so many men and women to other portions of the west. We shall also find many an industrious native of Germany, as well as a number of the sons of the Emerald Isle, all of whom have con- tributed to modify types of men already existing here. Those who have noted the career of the descendants of these brave, strong men, in subduing the wilds and overcoming the obstacles and hardships of early times, can but admit they are worthy sons of illustrious sires. They, who in the early dawn of western civilization, first bearded the lion in his den, opened the path through the wilderness, drove out the wild beasts and tamed the savage, are entitled to one of the brightest pages in all the record of the past. FIRST SETTLEMENTS. The permanent settlement of Howard and Cooper counties was made about the same time. It is true that Asa Morgan, Ira P. Nash, Stephen Hancock, Stephen Jackson, Nathan and Daniel M. Boone, and a man by the name of Prewitt, came to Howard county before any settlement was made in Cooper county. These parties, however, were there temporarily, whatever may have been their original inten- tion as to remaining when coming. William Christy and John J. Heath came from St. Louis in 1808 and manufactured salt in what is now Blackwater township, Cooper county, the place being known to- day as "Heath's Salt-Lick." And, in the spring of that year, Colonel Benjamin Cooper located in Howard county, but soon after returned to Lontre island. On the 20th of February, 1810, Colonel Benjamin Cooper came again to Howard county ; with him came a number of others, all of whom remained in what is now known as Howard county, ■ excepting Hannah Cole and Stephen Cole, who settled in Cooper 620 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. county. Hannah Cole was a widow and had nine children, whose names were Jennie, Mattie, Dikie, Nellie, James, Holburt, Stephen, William and Samuel. Stephen Cole's family consisted of himself, his wife, Phoebe, and their children, James, v Rhoda, Mark, Nellie and Polly, making in all, in the two families, seventeen persons who made the first permanent settlement in what is now known as Cooper county. Hannah Cole located in what is now East Boouvillc, on the big bluff overlooking the river, at a point of rocks where a lime-kiln now stands, the land being the southwest quarter of section 25, township 49, range 17. Stephen Cole settled about one and a half miles east of Boon- ville, in what is called the old "fort field, " on the northwest quarter of section 31, township 49, range 16. At the date of these two set- tlements there was no white American living in Missouri west of Franklin county and south of the Missouri river. These families were distant from their nearest neighbors from two to three miles, from whom they were also separated by a wide and dangerous river. Here, in the midst of an untrodden wilderness, surrounded by treacherous Indians, these two families pitched their tents, determined to try not only the stern realities of the western wilds, but to build for themselves and their children homes, whose broad acres should include the best of timber, the richest of soil and the purest of water. Among other commendable traits of character possessed by these pioneers, they surely had, in a large measure, the stuff of which the hero and the heroine are made. The very fact of their separating from their friends on the other side of the Missouri river and coming hither — this little band of emigrants, composed of but two families, and the head of one of these being a widow — shows a courage and a will that would brave the hardships, not only of the wilderness, but a coui'age that would stubbornly resist the attacks of the savage, as, their life in the forts so nobly attested. We who are to-day surrounded with the blessings of civilization, the comforts of long established homes and the companionship of ge- nial friends and neighbors, can hardly appreciate that exalted heroism which nerved and sustained that handful of original pioneers. As we think of Hannah Cole and Stephen Cole and their fami- lies, we naturally recall to mind, the history of the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers, and compare these first settlers of Cooper county, to them, in their solitude and isolation. These families came in wagons on the north side of the Missouri, and when they arrived at the river, where old Franklin was afterwards laid out, they brought their goods and chattels on this side, in a canoe, swimming their HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 621 horses after them. There were then no roads — not even a travelled path within the present area of Cooper county — and when reaching this shore, they were compelled to take any opening that they could find in the woods or thickets, that would admit of the passage of their wagons and animals. They, however, after reaching high ground, soon halted for a i-est, and finally settled, as already stated, near the present site of Boonville. Nearly two years had passed, since the date of their coming, when they were joined by other ad- venturous spirits, who also settled near the present town of Boon- ville. This was during the winter of 1811 and spring of 1812, and as the names of these early frontiersmen should be preserved, for all time to come, we herewith record them : Joseph Jolly, Joseph Yar- nell, Gilliard Bupe, Muke Box, Delany Bolin, William Savage, John Savage, James Savage, Walter Burress, and David Burress. These ten families, and Captain Stephen Cole and Hannah Cole, and their families, included all white persons who had settled in the present limits of Cooper county prior to the summer of 1812. THE WAR OF 1812. Hitherto, the life of the settler had been passed in comparative ease and quiet. Supplied by nature with till that he wished to eat or drink, he had nothing to induce him to labor, except to provide a shelter for his family. This completed, he could spend his time in hunting and fishing, and by these pleasant pastimes, he could provide all the necessaries for those dependent upon him. He had no care about his stock, for in winter, as well as in summer, they were boun- tifully fed by the grass and other vegetation which grew luxuriantly on every side. Except an occasional encounter with some wild animal, such as a bear or panther, the life of the pioneer was one devoid of incident or excitement. This life of ease and rest was suddenly disturbed by the inauguration of a bloody and harrassing war, a war in which the Indian was to take the most prominent part, as the unrelenting and merciless foe of the pioneer, who had settled along the banks of the river. Great Britain, our quondam, cruel mother, had declared war (1812), against the United States. The settlers, who were then residing on each side of the river, soon be- came convinced that the savages were preparing to take sides with Great Britian, and being thus forewarned, they began the immediate erection of forts. 41 622 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. cole's FORT. The first fort in the present limits of Cooper county was built by Stephen Cole, his neighbors assisting, in the year 1812, and was called " Cole's" fort. It was situated in the north part of what is now known as the " old fort field," about one and one-half miles east of the city of Boonville, north of the road from Boonville to Roche- port. As soon as it was completed, all the families living around gathered at the fort for protection from the savages. As their meat consisted entirely of the wild game which they killed, they had to send out parties from day to day to kill it. And it happened that a couple of parties were out hunting when the Indians attacked the fort. A few months after the fort was built, a band of about four hundred Indians suddenly made their appearance in the neighborhood. When they appeared before the fort, there were two parties out hunt- ing, in one of which were two men by the name of Smith and Savage, who, on their return to the fort, were pursued by the Indians. The savages shot at them several times ; in the first fire, Smith was severely wounded, but staggered on to within fifty yards of the fort, where the Indians shot him again, two balls taking effect and hurling him to the ground. As soon as Savage saw him fall, he turned to assist him ; but Smith handed him his gun, and told him to save him- self, as he knew he was mortally wounded. As the Indians were in close pursuit of them, Savage was forced to leave his unfortunate companion and attempt to make his escape. He reached the fort un- hurt, although he had been shot at some twenty-five times. The Indians after having scalped Smith, and barbarously multilated his body, withdrew to the adjacent woods, and laid siege to the fort. As the Indians who were in pursuit of Savage came in full view of the fort, several of them could have been killed. Indeed, Samuel •Cole, who was in the fort at the time, begged his mother to let him fire upon them, but she refused, telling him that as the Indians had as yet shown no disposition to attack the fort, the inmates did not wish to arouse their anger by killing any of them ; hoping that before they did attack, those settlers, who were out hunting, would arrive, and they perhaps get a chance to escape. During the following night the remaining settlers, who were outside the fort, returned. The next day the settlers captured a French boat which came up the river loaded with powder and balls, to trade with the Indians at Council Bluffs. They crossed their families and all their stock, fur- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 623 niture, etc., over the river in this boat, to Kincaid fort, or Fort Hemp- stead, which was located in what is now Howard county, about one mile. from the north end of the great iron bridge over the Missouri river at Boonville. It will be seen from this, that these settlers were not only brave men, but fit to lead an army in time of danger, as when they made this retreat the fort was surrounded by the Indians on all sides, except that protected by the river. And yet in the face of all this they saved everything from the fort. After they had crossed their families and chattels in the captured boat, and taken possession of the twenty-five kegs of powder and five hundred pounds of balls which the boat contained, the settlers let the Frenchmen return down the river with their boat, with the admoni- tion, that if they ever came up the river again with supplies for the Indians, they would hang them, as they could not permit their ene- mies to thus obtain supplies. Previous to the capture of this boat and theamunition with which it was loaded, Joseph Jolly had supplied the settlers with powder, manufacturing it himself, from saltpetre, which was found in a cave near Rocheport. The settlers who had crossed to the north side of the river, re- turned to their homes in the spring of 1813, but the Indian troubles continued for two years thereafter. On the 14th day of December, 1814, a man named Samuel McMa- han, living in what is now Lamine township of Cooper county, was killed near Boonville, not far from the present residence of Scott Benedict, under the following circumstances : He had been down to the settlement at Boonville to bring his cattle, as he intended to move down the river, and as he was returning home he came upon a band of Indians who were lying in ambush for some men who were cutting down a bee tree not far away. The savages fired upon him, wounding him and killing his horse. He jumped up after his horse fell, and al- though severely wounded, ran down the ravine leading to the river. The Indians started in pursuit of him, and as he was*weak from the loss of blood, they soon overtook him and killed him, sticking three spears into his back. They afterwards cut off his head and scattered his entrails over the ground. The Indians, knowing that the ven- geance of the settlers would be sudden and terrible, then scattered, and made their way out of the country the best way they could. The next day, for the settlers, not knowing the number of the Indians, waited for reinforcements from the opposite side of the river, a party of men went out to get the body of McMahan. James Cole, the brother of Samuel Cole, carried the body before him on his horse, 624 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. and David McGee brought the head wrapped in a sheep skin. The settlers buried McMahan under the linn tree, which formerly stood in the centre ring at the old fair grounds. A child of David Burress, which was burned to death, was also buried under this tree. The next day after the killing of McMahan, all the settlers living near the present site of Boonville, speedily repaired to the house of Hannah Cole, which stood on the bluff, in what is now "East Boon- ville," as this place was the most suitable of any near to defend against an attack of the Indians. All of these men came with their teams, cut down trees, dragged logs to build a fort at that place. They completed the building of the fort in about one week, although all of the men could not work at one time, as it was necessary to station a guard on every side to watch for the approach of the enemy, whom they expected every hour. The fort was built on the edge of the bluff, and as the bluff was very steep at that point, it was well defended on that side from the Indians. Another reason for building it in that plaee, was, because the inmates of the fort could obtain a constant supply of good water from the river. They had a long log running out over the edge of the bluff, and a windlass aud rope attached to it, so that it was an easy matter to draw up water, even during an attack of the Indians. As soon as the fort at Hannah Cole's was completed, the old fort at Stephen Cole's, situated on the bluff near the river, one mile below the new fort, was abandoned, and all the families gathered into the new fort, so as to be a protection to each other. But this precaution proved to be unnecessary, as the killing of McMahan was virtually the end of the war in this part of the country, and the settlers had no more open fights with the Indians, although small bands of savages occasionally roamed through the country, run- ning off stock, and committing other depredations, The Indians had found out that the men who had pierced the wilderness and brought their families wfththem, were ready to lay down their lives in defence of them and their homes, and the savages deserted their hunting grounds and moved farther west. Major Stephen Cole, the acknowledged leader of the settlers, liv- ing south of the Missouri river, survived the war, and after making every effort for their defence, his love of wild adventure led him to be- come a pioneer in the trade with Santa Fe in 1822. He was killed by the Indians during the same year, about sixty miles southwest of Santa Fe, on the Rio Grande river. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 625 FIRST CONSTABLE SODTH OF MISSOURI RIVER. Sometime during the year 1817, William Gibson, now living a short distance east of the city of Boonville, was appointed by the territorial court constable of that part of Howard county lying south of the Missouri river. His jurisdiction extended from the Missouri river, on the north, to the Osage river, on the south. ■ Soon after his Appointment, there being some trouble down on the Osage, he was sent there with a warrant for the arrest of the man who had caused the trouble. The distance was between sixty and seventy miles. After arresting the man, he returned to Boonville with his prisoner. As he was on his journey back, having an execution against a man who lived on the road, he stopped at his house and proceeded to levy on the feather beds, as nothing in those days was exempt from levy under execution. But, as soon as he made his purpose known, four women, who were the only persons at home, threatened to give him a thrashing, so he was forced to retire as fast as he could, and return the execution unsatisfied. To add to this, the court only allowed him, for his journey of 140 miles, which occupied four days, the magnificent sum of twenty-five cents. Mr. Gibson thinking the office not quite lucrative enough to justify him in devoting his whole time to its duties, and not wishing to risk his life at the hands of angry women, quietly sent in his resignation, thus furnishing the example of one officer who resigns, although few have the same inducements. INCIDENTS. While Samuel Cole was living at his mother's fort in East Boon- ville, in the year 1817, there was a dance at William Bartlett's board- ing house, on the flat near the ferry landing, at the mouth of Ruppe's branch. Although Samuel wished very much to attend, his mother refused to permit him, as his wardrobe at that time was entirely too limited to permit him to associate with the "elite." He had no pants, his sole garment consisting of a long tow shirt, which 'reached entirely to his heels. But Samuel, although always, from his own statement, an obedient son, was not to be deprived of so great a pleasure, by this, to him, very trivial excuse. So he determined to attend that dance, and then make the best arrangement he could to meet the " wrath to come." Not having any horse, he bridled a tame bull, which was at the fort, and thus mounted, rode up to the door of the house in which they were dancing. After looking in for some time, and by his strange looking steed and attire, attracting a 626 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. large crowd around him, he drove his bull down to the river, and riding in, he slid back over its haunches, and caught hold of its tail. In this way he swam down the river to Hannah Cole's Fort, when he and his strange companion came out of the water and sought their homes. This story has often been published, but never correctly, as all former accounts represented him as swimming the river to attend a wedding, but our version is correct, as it was obtained directly from Samuel Cole himself. About the 15th day of November, 1817, Joseph Stephens with his large family and several friends, crossed the river where Boonville now stands, and camped near the foot of Main street. The next day after they crossed, Samuel Cole, who was then a boy of sixteen years of age, appeared at their camp and asked Mrs. Stephens if she would like to have some venison. Upon her replying that she would, as she was nearly out of meat, Samuel shouldered his gun and marched off into the woods, telling her to wait a few minutes and he would kill her some. Samuel Cole, at that» time, although there was a slight snow on the ground, was bare-footed and bare-headed, his breeches reached only to his knees, the collar of his shirt was open, and he carried an old flint lock rifle. About fifteen minutes after he left the camp, Stephens and his family heard two shots in the direction in which he had gone. Pretty soon Samuel appeared, and told them that he had killed two fine deer, that they must go out and bring them to the camp. So they started out and found the two deer lying on the side of the hill just north of the present residence of William H. Trigg. After they skinned them and cut them up, the party brought them to the camp and presented them to Mrs. Stephens. This shows what little exertion was necessary at that day to obtain meat. A few days afterwards Joseph Stephens moved with his family to the farm which he had bought, about one-quarter of a mile north of the present site of Bunceton. About Christmas, in the same year, Samuel Cole rode up to Joseph Stephens' camp, and Mrs. Stephens asked him to alight and take dinner. He asked her whether she had any honey, and she told him she had not. He said he could not eat without honey. And although she insisted that he should remain, he still refused. In the meantime, Larry and Joseph, two of her sons, ' and a negro man named Basil, came up to the camp carrying their axes, as they had been cutting wood. Samuel turned to them, and told them to go with him and get some honey for dinner. They at first, supposing him to be joking, refused to go. But as he still in- sisted, they consented. After going some 200 yards east of the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 627 camp, Samuel suddenly stopped, and pointing to a tree, told them to cut it down. The others, not seeing anything about the tree that would induce any one to think that it contained honey, yet willing to accommodate company, cut it down, and it was found filled with nice honey. While they were cutting down this tree, Samuel found another a short distance away, and having cut down this one also, they returned home with six buckets of fine honey, having taken nothing but the clear part. Before he left, Samuel taught them the way in which he found the trees. He told them that if they would examine the ground around the tree, they would find small pieces of bee bread, and occasionally a dead bee. This was an infallible sign of a bee tree. They afterwards, following his directions, searched and found, in a small space, thirteen trees whiehwere filled with honey; and as they had no sugar this was a great help to them. They sometimes had as much as 400 pounds of honey on hand atone time. STRANGE, BUT TRUE. In the year 1818, Joseph Stephens, who died in 1836, Major Stephen Cole and William Boss, the hatter, started west on a hunting and exploring tour, aud travelled as far as the present site of Knob Noster. At that time all the country west of the present boundary line of Cooper county, was a wilderness, no person living in it. About six miles'southeast of the present site of Sedalia, in Pettis county, on the farm now owned by a man by the name of Warren, near Flat creek, they discovered what appeared to be a large, high and peculi- arly shaped Indian mound. They examined it pretty closely, and found on one side that the wolves had scratched an opening into it. After enlarging it so as to admit them, they beheld a remarkable sight. They found themselves in what resembled a room, about eight feet square, with a ceiling of logs, just high enough to permit a tall man to stand erect. On the side opposite where they had entered, sat an officer dressed in full military uniform, with gold epaulettes ujDon his shoulders, gold lace fringing every seam of his coat, cocked military hat, knee breeches, lace stockings and morocco slippers. As he sat erect upon a seat hewed out of a log, nothing but the ghastly hue and leathery appearance of his skin would have suggested but that he was alive. By his side stood a heavy gold-headed cane. His features were complete, and his flesh free from decay, though dried to the consistency of leather. The place in which the body was found was very peculiar. A place about eight feet square and two feet deep had been dug in the earth. The sides had been walled up with 628 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. sod until it was high enough for the purpose, reaching several feet above the surface of the ground. The top was then covered with poles, which ran up to a point in the centre like the roof of a house. Then the poles and the surrounding walls were covered with sod two or three feet deep, cut from the prairie nearby, thus excluding entire- ly the rain and air. When they left the place, William Ross, being the oldest man of the party, took the cane as a memento, but nothing else was touched. Who this officer was, from whence he came, what he was doing in this part of the country, what was the cause of his death, and when and by whom he was thus singularly entombed, has not, and perhaps never will be known. But he was supposed by many to have been a British officer, who, during the war of 1812, passed around by way of Canada into the Indian country, to incite the Indians against the whites ; yet this is only conjecture, though those who discovered his body account for him in that way. Soon after this, Joseph Stephens, Sr., now living near Peters- burg, on the O. V. & S. K. railroad, in company with James D. Campbell, went into that part of the country bee hunting, and visited the burial place of this officer. They found that part of the roof had fallen in and that the wolves had eaten all of the flesh off the body, so that nothing but the skeleton and clothes remained. Joseph Ste- phens took the epaulettes as a memento, but nothing else was dis- turbed. As his mother objected to his keeping the epaulettes, he melted them into a large ball, which was worth fifteen or twenty dol- lars, as it was solid gold. This description of the burial place and the mysterious, solitary inmate was obtained from the last mentioned Joseph Stephens, and is correct and reliable, although several other and different accounts have been published. As much has been said of Samuel Cole in this, the first chapter of the history of Cooper county, the reader is referred to chapter XX. for other incidents and a more complete biographical sketch of this brave old pioneer, who still lives, at a green old age, in Cooper county. ?tdl%3S> CHAPTEE II. CUSTOMS OF EARLY DAYS. Habits and Modes of Living of the Pioneers — Manner of Building — Furniture — Horse Collars and Horses — The Women — The Manner of Making Dresses — How They Went to Church — Simplicity of Their Lives — Food and How Cooked —Home Manu- factures — The Wearing Apparel of the Men and Boys — Log-rollings and Quiltinga — Corn Huskings and Dances — The Bottle Handed Around — Athletic Exercises and Target Shooting — Fist Fighting — Pioneer Mills. " To the aged, no days like the old days : Let the old settlers take us by the hand." It is a trite but true proverb that < ' times change and we change with them ; " and it is well illustrated by the changes in dress, condi- tion and life that have taken place in this country in less than half a century. We doubt not that these changes, as a whole, are for the better. To the old man, indeed, whose life work is accomplished, and whose thoughts dwell mainly on the past, where his treasures are, there are no days like the old days, and no song awakens so respon- sive an echo in his heart as " Auld Lang Syne." The very skies that arch above his gray head seem less blue to his dimmed eye than they did when, in the adoration of his young heart, he directed to them his gaze ; the woods appear less green and inviting than when, in the gayety of boyhood, he courted their cool depths, and the songs of their feathered inhabitants fall less melodious upon his ear. He marks the changes that are very visible, and feels like crying out, in the language of the poet : — "Backward, turn backward, oh, Time, in thy flight! " It is natural for the aged to sigh for a return of the past, nor would we attempt the hopeless task of convincing them that, with the changes of the years, there have come also an increase in happiness, an improvement in social life, a progress in education, an advancement in morality, and a tendency upward in all that relates to the welfare of mankind. We may learn lessons, however, from a study of that land over which the pardonable and fond imagination of the old settler has (629) 630 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. thrown the " light that never was on sea or land," if, withdrawing ourselves from the activities of the present, we let the old settler take us by the hand and lead us back into the regions of his youth, that we may observe the life of those who founded a grand empire in a great wilderness. Let us leave the prow of the rushing ship, from which may be discerned a mighty future, rich in promises and bright with hope, and take our place upon the stern and gaze backward into the beautiful land of the past. No doubt we shall be led to regret the absence among us of some of the virtues of dwellers in those early days. Gone is that free-hearted hospitality which made of every settler's cabin an inn, where the belated and weary traveller found entertainment without money and without price. Gone is that community of sentiment which made neighbors indeed neighbors ; that era of kindly feeliug which was marked by the almost entire absence of litigation. Gone, too, some say, is that simple, strong, upright, honest in- tegrity, which was so marked a characteristic of the pioneer. So rapid has been the improvement in machinery, and the progress in the arts and their application to the needs of man, that a study of the manner in which people lived and worked only fifty years ago, seems like the study of a remote age. It is important to remember that while a majority of settlers were poor, that poverty carried with it no crushing sense of degradation like that felt by the very poor of our age. They lived in a cabin, it is true, but it was their own, and had been reared by their hands. Their house, too, while inconvenient and far from water-proof, was built in the prevailing style of architect- ui-e, and would compare favorably with the homes of their neighbors. They were destitute of many of the conveniences of life, and some things that are now considered necessaries ; but they patiently endured their lot, and hopefully looked forward to brighter days. They had plenty to wear as a protection against the weather, and an abundance of wholesome food. They sat down to a rude table to eat from tin or pewter dishes ; but the meat thereon spread — the flesh of the deer or bear, of the wild duck or turkey, of the quail or squirrel — was superior to that we eat, and had been won by the skill of the settler, or that of his vigorous sons. The bread they ate was made from corn or wheat of their own raising. They walked the green carpet of grand prairie or forest that surrounded them, not with the air of a beggar, but with the elastic step of a self-respected free man. The settler brought with him the keen axe, which was indispen- sable, and the equally necessary rifle — the first his weapon of offence HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 631 against the forests that skirted the water courses, and near which he made his home, the second that of defence from the attacks of his foe, the cunning child of the forest and the prairie. His first labor was to fell trees and erect his unpretentious cabin, which was rudely made of logs, and in the raising of which he had the cheerful aid of his neighbors. It was usually from fourteen to sixteen feet square, and never larger than twenty feet, and very frequently, built entirely with- out glass, nails, hinges, or locks. The manner of building was as follows : First, large logs were laid in position as sills, on these were placed strong sleepers, and on the sleepers were laid the rough-hewed puncheons, which were to serve as floors. The logs were then built up till the proper height for the eaves was reached ; then on the ends of the building were placed poles, longer than the other end logs, which projected some eighteen or more inches over the sides, and were called " butting pole sleepers ;" on the projecting ends of these was placed the " butting pole," which served to give the line to the first row of clapboards. These were, as a matter of course, split, and as the gables of the cabin were built up, were so laid on as to lap a third of their length. They were often kept in place by the weight of a heavy pole, which was laid across the roof parallel to the ridge pole. The house was then chinked and daubed. A large fire place was built in at one end of the house, in which fire was kindled for cooking purposes (for the settlers generally were without stoves), and which furnished the needed warmth in winter. The ceiling above was sometimes covered with the pelts of the raccoon, opossum, and of the wolf, to add to the warmth of the dwelling. Sometimes the soft inner bark of the bass wood was used for the same purpose. The cabin was lighted by means of greased paper windows. A log would be left out along one side and sheets of Strong paper, well greased with coon grease or bear oil, would be carefully tacked in. The above description only applies to the earliest times, before the buzzing of the saw mill was heard within our borders. The fur- niture comported admirably with the house itself, and hence, if not elegant, was in perfect taste. The tables had four legs, and was rudely made from a puncheon. Their seats were stools, having three or four legs. The bedstead was in keeping with the rest, and was often so contrived as to permit it to be drawn up and fastened to the wall during the day, thus affording more room for the family. The entire furniture was simple, and was framed with no other tools than an axe and auger. Each was his own carpenter, and some displayed considerable ingenuity in the construction of implements of agricul- 632 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ture, and utensils and furniture for the kitchen and house. Knives and forks they sometimes had, and sometimes had not. The common table knife was the jack-knife, or butcher-knife. Horse collars were sometimes made of the plaited husk of the maize, sewed together. They were easy on the neck of the horse, and if tug traces were used, would last a long time. Horses were not used very much, however, as oxen were almost exclusively used. In some instances, carts and wagons were constructed or repaired by the self-reliant settler, and the woeful creakings of the untarred axles could be heard at a great distance. The women corresponded well with the virtuous woman spoken of in the last chapter of Proverbs, for they " sought wool and flax, and worked willingly with their hands." They did not, it is true, make for themselves " coverings of tapestry," nor could it be said of them, that their " clothing was silk and purple;" but " they rose while it was yet night, and gave meat to their household," and they "girded their loins with strength, and strengthened their arms." They "looked well to the ways of their household, and ate not the bread of idleness." They laid " their hands to the spindle and to the distaff," and " strength and honor were in their clothing." In these days of furbelows and flounces, when from twenty to thirty yards are required by one fair damsel for a dress, it is refresh- ing to know that the ladies of that ancient time considered eight yards an extravagant amount to put into one dress. The dress was usually made plain with four widths in the skirt and two front ones cut gored. The waist was made very short, and across the shoulders behind was a draw-string. The sleeves were enormously large and tapered from shoulder to wrist, and the most fashionable — for fashion, like love, rules alike, the " court and grove " — were padded so as to resemble a bolster at the upper part, and were known as " mutton legs " or " sheep-shank sleeves." The sleeve was kept in shape often by a heavily starched lining. Those who could afford it used feathers, which gave the sleeve the appearance of an inflated balloon from elbow up, and were known as " pillow sleeves." Many bows and rib- bons were worn, but scarcely any jewelry. The tow-dress was super- seded by the cotton gown. Around the neck, instead of a lace collar or elegant ribbon, there was arranged a copperas colored neckerchief. In going to church or other public gathering, in summer weather, they sometimes walked barefooted, till near their destination, when they would put on their shoes or moccasins. They were contented and even happy without any of the elegant articles of apparel now HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 633 used by ladies and considered necessary articles of dress. Ruffles, fine laces, silk hats, kid gloves, false curls, rings, combs and jewels, were nearly unknown, nor did the lack of them vex their souls. Many of them were grown before they ever saw the interior of a dry goods store. They were reared in simplicity, lived in simplicity, and were happy in simplicity. It may be interesting to speak more specifically regarding cookery and diet. Wild meat was plentiful . The settlers generally brought some food with them to last till a crop could be raised. Small patches of Indian corn were raised, which in the earliest days of the settlements was beaten in a mortar. The meal was made into a coarse but wholesome bread, on which the teeth could not be very tightly shut on account of the grit it contained. Johnny-cake and pones were served up at dinner, while mush and milk was the favorite dish for supper. In the fire-place hung the crane, and the Dutch oven was used in baking. The streams abounded in fish, which formed a healthful article of food. Many kinds of greens, such as dock and poke, were eaten. The "truck patch" furnished roasting ears, pumpkins, beans, squashes and potatoes, and these were used by all. For reaping-bees, log-rollings and house-raisings, the standard dish was pot-pie. Coffee and tea were used sparingly, as they were very dear, and the hardy pioneer thought them fit only for women and children. They said it would not " stick to the ribs." Maple sugar was much used, and honey was only five cents a pound. Butter was the same price, while eggs were only three cents a dozen. The utmost good feeling prevailed. If one killed hogs, all shared. Chickens were to be seen in great numbers around every doorway, and the gobble of the turkey and the quack of the duck were heard in the land. Nature contributed of her fruits. Wild grapes and plums were to be found in their seasons along the streams. The women manufactured nearly all the clothing worn by the family. In cool weather, gowns made of "linsey-woolsey " were worn by the ladies. The chain was of cotton and the filling of wool. The fabric was usually plaid or striped, and the different colors were blended according to the taste of the fair maker. Colors were blue, copperas, turkey-red, light-blue, etc. Every house contained a card loom and spinniug wheels, which were considered by the women as necessary for them as the rifle was for the men. Several different kinds of cloth were made. Cloth was woven from cotton. The rolls were bought and spun on little and big wheels into two kinds of thread — one the " chain " and the other the "filling." The more experienced only spun the chain, the younger the filling. Two kinds of looms were in use. The primitive 634 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. in construction was called the side loom. The frame of it consisted of two pieces of scantling running obliquely from the floor to the wall. Later, the frame loom, which was a great improvement over the other, came into use. The men and boys wore jeans, and linsey-woolsey hunting shirts. The jeans was colored either light blue or butternut. Many times when the men gathered to a log-rolling or a barn-raising, the women would assemble, bringing their spinning wheels with them. In this way sometimes as many as ten or twelve would gather in one room, and the pleasant voices of the fair spinners would mingle with the low hum of the spinning wheels. Oh ! golden, early days ! Such articles as could not be manufactured, were brought to them from the nearest store by the mail carrier. These were few, however. The men and boys in many instances wore pantaloons made of the dressed skin of the deer, which then swarmed the prairies in large herds. The young man who desired to look captivating in the eyes of the maiden whom he loved, had his " bucks" fringed, which lent them not an unpleasing effect. Meal sacks were also made of buckskin. Caps were made of the skins of the fox or wolf, wildcat and muskrat, tanned with the fur on. The tail of the fox or the wolf often hung from the top of the cap, lending the wearer a jaunty air. Both sexes wore moccasins, which in dry weather were an excellent substitute for shoes. There were no shoemakers and each family made its own shoes. The settlers were separated from their neighbors often by miles. There were no church houses or regular services of any kind to call them together ; hence, no doubt, the cheerfulness with which they accepted invitations to a house raising, or a log rolling, or a corn husking, or a bee of any kind. To attend these gatherings they would sometimes go ten and sometimes more miles. Generally, with the invitation to the men, went one to the women, to come to a quilt- ing. The good woman of the house where the festivities were to take place, would be busily engaged for a day or more in preparation for the coming guests. Great quantities of provisions were to be prepared, for dyspepsia was unknown to the pioneer, and good appetites were the rule and not the exception. " The bread used at these frolics was baked generally on johnny or journey cake boards, and is the best corn bread ever made. A board is made smooth, about two feet long and eight inches wide — the ends are generally rounded. The dough is spread out on this board and placed leaning before the fire. One side is baked and the dough is changed on the board, so the other side is presented, in its turn, to the fire. This is johnny cake, and is good, if the proper materials are put in the dough, and it is properly HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 635 baked." At all the log rollings and house raisings it was customary to provide liquor. Excesses were not indulged in, however. The fiddle was never forgotten. After the day's work had been accom- plished, outdoors and in, by men and women, the floor was cleared and the merry dance began. The handsome, stalwart young men, whose fine forms were the result of their manly outdoor life, clad in fringed buckskin trousers and gaudily colored hunting shirts, led forth the bright-eyed, buxom damsejs, attired in neatly-fitting linsey wool- sey garments, to the dance, their cheeks glowing with health and eyes speaking of enjoyment, and perhaps of a tenderer emotion. In pure pioneer times the crops were never husked on the stalk, as is done at this day, but were hauled home in the husk and thrown in a heap, generally by the side of the crib, so that the ears tvhen husked could be thrown direct into the crib. The whole neighborhood, male and female, were invited to the "shucking," as it was called. The girls and many of the married ladies generally engaged in this amusing work. In the first place, two leading expert huskers were chosen as cap- tains, and the heap of corn divided as near equal as possible. Rails were laid across the piles so as to designate the division ; and then each captain chose alternately his corps of huskers, male and female. The whole number of working hands present were selected on one side or the other, and then each party commenced a contest to beat the other, which was in many cases truly exciting. One other rule was, whenever a male husked a red ear of corn he was entitled to a kiss from the girls . This frequently excited much fuss and scuffling, which was in- tended by both parties to end in a kiss. It was a universal practice that taffa, or Monongahela whiskey, was used at these husking frolics, which they drank out of a bottle ; each one, male and female, taking the bottle and drinking out of it and then handing it to his or her neighbor without using any glass or cup. This custom was common and not considered rude. Almost always these corn shuckings ended in a dance. To prepare for this amusement, fiddles and fiddlers were in great demand , and it often required much fast riding to obtain them . One violin and a performer were all that was contemplated at these innocent rural games. Towards dark, and the supper half over, then it was that a bus- tle and confusion commenced. The confusion of the tongues at Babel would have been ashamed at the corn husking, the young ones hur- rying off the table, and the old ones contending for time and order. 636 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. It was the case in nine times put often, but one dwelling-house was on the premises, and that used for eating as well as dancing. But when the fiddler commenced tuning his instrument, the music always gained the victory for the young side. Then the victuals, dishes, ta- ble and all, disappeared in a few minutes and the room was cleared, the dogs driven out, and the floor swept off, ready for action. The floors of these houses were sometimes the natural earth, beat solid, sometimes the earth with puncheons in the middle over the potato hole, and at times the whole floor was made of puncheons. The music at these country dances made the young folks almost frantic, and sometimes much excitement was displayed to get on the floor first. Generally the fiddler on these occasions assumed an important bear- ing, and ordered, in true professional style, so and so to be done, as that was the way in North Carolina where he was raised. The decision ended the contest for the floor. In those days they danced jigs and four-handed reels, as they were called. Sometimes three-handed reels were danced. In these dances there was no standing still ; all were moving at a rapid pace from beginning to end. In the jigs the bystanders cut one another out, so that this dance would last for hours. The bottle went around at these parties, as it did at the shuck- ings, and male and female took a dram out of it as it passed around. No sitting was indulged in, and the folks either stood or danced all night. The dress of these hardy pioneers was generally homespun. The hunting shirt was much worn at that time, which is a convenient working or dancing dress. In the morning all go home on horseback or on foot. No carriages, wagons or other vehicles were used on these occasions, for the best of reasons — because they had none. Dancing was a favorite amusement, and was participated in by all. " Alike all ages, dames of ancient days Have led their children through the mirthful maze, And the gray grandsire, skilled in jestic lore, Has frisked beneath the burden of three-score." The amusements of that day were more athletic and rude than those of to-day. Among the settlers of a new country, from the nature of the case, a higher value is set upon physical than mental endowments. Skill in woodcraft, superiority of muscular develop- ment, accuracy in shooting with the rifle, activity, and swiftness of foot, were qualifications that brought their possessors fame. Foot- racing was practised, and often the boys and young men engaged in friendly contests with the Indians. Every man had a rifle, and kept HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 637 it always in good order ; his flints, bullets, bullet-moulds, screwdriver, awl, butcher-knife and tomahawk were fastened to the shot-pouch strap, or to the belt around the waist. Target-shooting was much practised, and shots were made by the hunters and settlers, with flint- lock rifles, that cannot be excelled by their descendants with the im- proved breech-loaders of the present day. At all gatherings, jumping and wrestling were indulged, and those who excelled were thenceforth men of notoriety. At their shooting matches, which were usually for the prize of a turkey, or a gallon of whiskey, good feeling generally prevailed. If disputes arose, they were often settled by a square stand-up fight, and no one thought of using other weapons than fists. They held no grudges after their fights, for this was considered un- manly. It was the rule, if a fight occurred between two persons, the victor should pour water for the defeated as he washed away the traces of the fray, after which the latter was to perform the same service for the former. PIONEER MILLS. Among the first were the " band mills," a description of which will not prove uninteresting. The plan was cheap. The horsepower consisted of a large upright shaft, some ten or twelve feet high, with some eight or ten long arms let into the main shaft and extending out from it fifteen feet. Auger holes were bored into the arms on the upper side at the end into which wooden pins were driven. This was called the " big wheel " and was about twenty feet in diameter. The raw hide belt or tug was made of skins taken off of beef cattle, which were cut into strips three inches in width ; these were twisted into a round cord or tug which was long enough to encircle the circumfer- ence of the big wheel. There it was held in place by the wooden pins, then to cross and pass under a shed to run around a drum, or what is called a "trunnel head," which was attached to the grinding apparatus. The horses or oxen were hitched to the arms by means of raw hide tugs ; then walking in a circle, the machinery would be set in motion, To grind twelve bushels of corn was considered a day's work on a hand mill. The most rude and primitive method of manufacturing meal was by the use of the grater. A plate of tin is pierced with many holes, so that one side is very rough. The tin is made oval and then nailed to a board. An ear of corn was rubbed hard on this grater, whereby the meal was forced through the holes and fell down in a vessel pre- pared to receive it. An improvement on this was the hand mill. The 42 638 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. stones were smaller than those of the band mill, and were propelled by man or woman power. A hole is made in the upper stone and a staff of wood is put in it, and the other end of the stafl' is put through a hole in a plank above, so that the whole is free to act. One or two per- sons take hold of this staff and turn the upper stone as rapidly as pos- sible. An eye is made in the upper stone, through which the corn is put into the mill with the hand in small quantities to suit the mill instead of a hopper. A mortar wherein corn was beaten into meal, is made out of a large round log three or four feet long. One end is cut or burnt out so as to hold a peck of corn, more or less, according to circumstances. This mortar is set one end on the ground and the other up to hold the corn. A sweep is prepared over the mortar, so* that the spring of the pole raises the piston, and the hands at it force it so hard down on the corn, that after much beating meal is manu- factured. The pictures here drawn of the pioneers, their modes of living, their customs and amusements, while lacking entire completeness, we feel are accurate and truthful. The reader, after reading our chapter in the history of Howard county, on the pioneers, their manners, cus- toms, etc., in connection with this chapter, will get a fair idea of pioneer times. CHAPTEE III. Organization of Cooper County— First Circuit Court— First Suits— First Verdict of a Jury —First Deed Recorded— Marriages— First County Court— John V. Sharp- First Court House— Second and Present Court House— Attempts to move the County Seat—" Fantastic Company "—Last Effort to move the County Seat. ORGANIZATION OP COOPER COUNTY. Cooper county was organized on the 17th day of December, 1818, and comprised all lhat part of what had been Howard county, lying south of the Missouri river. It was bounded on the north by the Missouri Eiver, on the east and south by the Osage river, and on the west by what was then called the territorial line. The county was named in honor of Colonel Benjamin Cooper. At the time of its organization, it included the territory now embraced in the whole of the counties of Cooper, Saline, Lafayette, Jackson, Cass, Henry, Johnson, Pettis, Morgan, Moniteau and Cole ; and parts of the counties of Bates, St. Clair, Benton, Camden and Miller ; eleven whole counties and part of five others, which would form an area of about seven thousand square miles. Although the act organizing the county was passed and approved in December, 1818, it was not vested with all the powers, privileges and immunities of a separate and distinct county until the first day of February, 1819. The commissioners to locate the county seat, appointed by the legislature, were Abel Owens, William Wear, Charles Canole, Luke Williams and Julius Emmons. FIRST CIRCUIT COURT. The. act of organization provided, that " the courts to be holden in the said county of Cooper, shall be holden at such place in said county as the commissioners of said county, or a majority of them, shall adjudge most convenient, until a place be fixed on by such com- missioners, and a court-house and jail erected thereon ; provided, that" the first court for said county of Cooper be held at Boonville," and (639) 640 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. in accordance therewith, the first court of the newly organized county of Cooper, was held in the present limits of the city of Boonville, on the first day of March, 1819. It was held at the boarding-house of William Bartlett, which was situtated on the flat just east of the mouth of Rupe's branch, near the present site of the " Boonville Furniture Factory." This court under the territorial laws of Missouri, exercised the present duties of the county, probate and circuit courts. The duties of these three courts continued to be exercised by this one court until the year 1821, when the duties of the probate and county courts were separated from those of the circuit court, and a new court, called the "county court, " was organized. As it is supposed that every one would be interested in reading the actions of the first court, we will insert, at this place, the full pro- ceedings thereof, as they appear from the record of the court: The officers of this first court were, David Todd, judge; E. P. Clark, clerk; William McFarland, sheriff, and John.S. Brickey, prosecuting attorney. The grand jury at this term of the court were, Samuel Peters, foreman ; Muke Rose, John Savage, James Chambers, Britton Wil- liams, John Roberts, Carroll George, John Davis, James Savage, Clayton Hurt, Joseph Smith, William Gibson, Eli N. Henry, Freder- ick Houx, Thomas Twentyman, William Noland and Delany Bolin ; John Cathey, Zepheniah Bell, Henry Guyer, George Cathey, Daniel Dugan and James Campbell were summoned on the same jury, but did not appear ; process was ordered to be issued for them to show cause why they should not be fined for their non-appearance. The commissions of David Todd, as judge ; of William McFar- land as sheriff, and of John S. Brickey, as prosecuting attorney, were recorded by the clerk. The above named grand jury, after having been sworn, retired and returned into court, when, having nothing to present, they were discharged . The next day, March 2, 1819, the following proceedings were had by the court : — By order of the court, the whole of the county of Cooper was di- vided into the following five township* : Moreau, Lamine, including all of the present county of Cooper, Arrow Rock, Miami and Tebo. The following judges of election were appointed, viz. : For Moreau township. — Wm. Wear, John Verian and John Alexander. HI8TOEY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 641 ForLamine township. — James Bruffee, Robert Wallace and Ben- jamin F. Hickox. For Arrow Rock township. — William Lillard, Benjamin Cham- bers and James Anderson. For Miami township. — John B. Thomas, Joel Estes and John Evans. For Tebo township. — Julius Emmons, Gilliard Rupe and Abel Owens. The election, at which the foregoing men were to act as judges, wag ordered to be held at the following places in each township : At the house of William Bartlett, in Lamine township ; at the house of William Cooper, in Arrow Rock township ; at the house of Andrew Rupels, in Miami township ; at the house of Paul Whitley, in Moreau township, and at the house of Mathew Coxes, in Tebo township. The following constables were appointed : of Moreau township, Paul Whitley ; of Lamine township, John Potter ; of Arrow Rock township, Jacob Ish ; of Miami township, Elisha Evans ; and of Tebo township, Green Macafferty. Stephen Turley was granted a license to keep a ferry across the Lamine river. B. W. Levens, Ward and Parker, and George W. Kerr, were granted a license to keep a ferry across the Missouri river, at the present site of Overton. The following were the rates fixed by the court to be charged at B. W. Levens' ferry, viz. : For man and horse, fifty cents ; for either, twenty-five cents ; for horses and four wheeled wagon, two dollars ; for two horses and four wheeled carriage, one dollar ; for horned cattle, four cents each ; and for meat cattle, two cents each. William Curtis was appointed under-sheriff of Cooper county. The first petition for a public road, was presented on this day, by B. W. Levens. It asked for the location of a road leading from Boonville to the mouth of Moniteau creek. The court appointed Eichard Stanford, David Trotter, William George and Benjamin Clark, commissioners, to review the road, as asked for, and report to the court their opinion as to the location, etc., of the same. Bird Lockhart and George Tompkins, who were appointed to ex- amine as to the qualifications of candidates for the office of county surveyor, having filed their report, the court recommended Wm. Ross to the governor, as a fit subject for said appointment. 642 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. The next petition for the location of a public road, was filed by Anderson Eeavis on the same day. The road petitioned for ran from the mouth of the Grand Moniteau to the Boonville and Potosi road. The commissioners appointed to review this road were Francis Travis, Wm. Lewis and John Savage. John Potter filed his bond as constable of Lamine township, in the sum of $1,000, with Asa Morgan and William Eoss as his securi- ties. James Bruffee, Benjamin F. Hickox and Eobert Wallace were ap- pointed commissioners to superintend the building of the court-house. The court then adjourned until the regular July term. JULY term, 1819. Monday, July 5th, 1819. The first indictment by the grand jury in Cooper county, was presented on this day, Stanley G. Morgan being then indicted for assault and battery. It was then the law that every offense, however trivial, should be tried by indictment before the circuit courfr. E. P. Clark, this day, produced his commission as clerk of the circuit court of Cooper county ; also Peyton E. Hayden was admitted to the bar, as an attorney and counsellor at law. John Cathey, Henry Guyer, George Cathey and Zepheniah Bell, against whom process was issued at the March term, were each fined one dollar and costs, for contempt of court, for not appearing as grand jurors at the said term, after having been summoned as such. The first civil suit on record, was an action for debt, brought by George Wilcox against E. P. Clark and Samuel S. Williams, which is entered among the proceedings of this day. Tuesday, July 6th, 1819. Jesse McFarland appeared before the court, and took the oath of office as county surveyor. William Bartlett was granted a license to keep a tavern near the mouth of Eupe's branch, in Boonville. Wednesday, July 7th, 1819. Stephen Cole appointed deputy county surveyor of Cooper county. The first account presented against Cooper county was allowed on this day. It was an account of William Bartlett, for six dollars for the rent of his house, it having been used by the court as a court- house. On the same day, four men were fined, by a jury of twelve men, five dollars each, for gambling. Thursday, July 8th, 1819. — Asa Morgan was granted a license to keep a ferry across the Missouri river at Boonville. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 643 November term, 1819— Andrew S. McGirk was enrolled as an attorney and counsellor at law. James Williams was granted a li- cense to keep a ferry across the Osage river, on the road from Boon- ville to Potosi. ( March term, 1820. — The following men were indicted by the grand jury forswearing, viz. : Jesse Mann, Isaac Renf'ro, "William Warden, William Bryant, Thomas Brown, Stephen Tate, John S. Moreland and David Fine. These indictments were afterwards dismissed by the court for want of jurisdiction. On the 6th day of March, 1820, Abiel Leonard produced his license, and was admitted to the bar; also January 23d, 1821, Hamilton R. Gamble was admitted to the bar. The following is a list of attorneys who at this time were enrolled and practising in this court : — George Tompkins, John S. Brickey, Peyton R. Hayden, Cyrus Ed- wards, John S. Mitchell, Hamilton R. Gamble, Andrew McGirk, Kobert McGavock, Abiel Leonard, John F. Ryland, Arinstedd A. Grundy, Dabney Carr, William J. Redd and John Payne. Among these we find the names of many who afterwards occupied offices of trust in the state of Missouri. Indeed, all of them are noted as being fine lawyers and honorable men. The first case of any kind placed upon the docket was — United States against John Cathey for contempt. The first civil action was George Wilcox against Robert P. Clark and Samuel S. Williams. The following is a copy of the record of the first verdict rendered by a jury in Cooper county. It is taken from the proceedings of the November term, 1819 : United States, Plaintiff, Vf. Stanley G. Morgan, Defendant. ' ' This day comes as well the defendant, in discharge of his recogni- zance, as the prosecuting attorney. Whereupon, the said defendant, being arraigned upon the indictment in this cause, plead not guilty, and, for his trial, put himself upon God and his country, and the cir- cuit attorney also. Whereupon came a jury, viz. : Wm. Burk, William Black, Gabriel Fitsworth, Michael Hornbeck, Nicholas Houx, William Reed, Alexander Dickson, David Reavis, Frederick Houx, David McGee and Samuel Peters, who, being elected, tried and sworn, the truth to say, as and upon the issue joined, upon their oaths do say, that the defendant is guilty of assault and battery, whereof he is in- dicted. Whereupon it is considered by the court, that the said defend- ant make the payment of the sum of five dollars and pay the cost hereof, and may be taken," etc. 644 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. There was, as shown by the records, but four peddlers and six mer- chants within the limits of the county of Cooper, during the year 1819. The total amount of county revenue, on the tax book for 1819, as charged to William Curtis, sheriff, at the July term of this court, was $488.34. All these terms of court were held at William Bartlett's boarding- house, called on the records, the " Tavern of Boonville." There is embraced in the foregoing the full proceedings only of the court held on the first and second days of March, 1819 ; extracts only being made from the other terms of the eourt referred to of those pro- ceedings each day, which were supposed would be of most interest to the general reader. The proceedings of the court held March 1st, 1819, cover only seventeen pages of a very small record book; for July term, forty-one pages, and for the November term, thirty-three pages. The proceedings of the circuit court, alone, for the April term, 1876, cover eighty-four pages of the largest record made, which is equal to about 250 pages of record, such as was used for the first court. When it is taken into consideration, also, that the proceedings of the county and probate courts, now separate from the circuit court, were included in the record of the circuit court for 1819, it can easily be perceived what a vast increase has been made in this part of the business of the county. FIRST DEED. This deed made and entered into this 16th day of July, 1817, by and between Asa Morgan, of the county of Howard, and Charles Lucas, of the town of St. Louis, both in the territory of Missouri, of the one part, and Robert Austin, of the count}' of Howard in the said territory, of the other part, witnesseth, that they the said Mor- gan and Lucas, for, and in consideration of the sum of seventy five dollars, to them in hand paid by the said Robert Austh), at or before the delivery of these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowl- edged, have this day granted, bargained and sold, and by these pre- sents, do grant, bargain and sell unto the said Robert Austin, and to his heirs and assigus forever, a cei'tain lot or parcel of ground, sit- uate, lying and being in the town of Boonville, in the county of How- ard, in the territory of Missouri, containing ninety feet in front, on Water street, in the said town of Boonville, and 150 feet', more or less in depth, being lot number 43, on the plat of said town of Boonville, reference being thereunto had, as recorded in the office of the recorder of Howard county, in the said territory of Missouri, to have and to hold the said bargained and sold lot or parcel of ground, together with all and singular, the privileges and appurtenances thereunto belonging unto the said Robert Austin and to his heirs and assigns forever. And they, the said Morgan and HISTORY OF HOWAED AND COOPER COUNTIES. 645 Lucas, do hereby covenant and agree to warrant and forever defend, the said sold lot or parcel of ground, together with the privileges and appurtenances aforesaid, unto the said Eobert Austin and to his heirs and assigns forever, free and clear from all lawful claims and demands whatsoever. In testimony whereof, they, the said Asa Morgan and Charles Lucas, have hereunto set their hands and seals, the day and year, first above written. Asa Morgan. [seal.] Charles Lucas, [seal.] Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of H. S. Guyer and John G. Heath. marriages. Below, will be found some of the earliest marriage'certificates on record in the eounty. We give exact copies : — Be it known unto all persons whom it may concern, that I, Benjamin Proctor, a minister of the gospel, on the eleventh day of February, 1819, solemnized the ceremonies of matrimony, between John Turner of the one part, and Nancy Campbell of the other. Given under my hand, this day and date above mentioned. Benjamin Procter. ooper County, C Missouri Territory. By virtue of the power vested in me by the laws of this territory, I have this 3d day of May, 1819, joined together in the holy estate of matrimony, John Smith and Sally McMahan, both of Cooper county. Certified under my hand, this 3d day of May, 1819. Peyton Newlin, M. G. Territory of Missouri, 1 County of Cooper, V Township of Moreaux. j 1 certify that on the 28th day of June, in the year eighteen hundred and nineteen, I joined together, in holy state of matrimony, Jeremiah Meadows and Anne Music of the county aforesaid ; given under my hand and seal the date aforesaid. William Weir. [seal. J I do hereby certify that on the eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand, eight hundred and nineteen, I joined to- gether in the holy state of matrimony, Henry Cowin and Honor Howard of the county of Cooper. Given under my hand, as justice of the peace, within the township of Moreaux, in the said county of Cooper, this date aforesaid. William Weir, [seal.] 646 history of howard and cooper counties. Township op Lamine, } County of Cooper, > Territory of Missouri. ) I do hereby certify that on the 6th day of May, one thousand, eight hundred and nineteen, I did perform the marriage ceremony be- tween John Green and Nancy Boyd, both of said township. Given under my hand, this 16th day of August, 1819. Benjamin F. Hickcox, J. P. I certify that on the 12th day of September, 1819, 1 joined together in the holy state of matrimomy, James Dickard and Christina Craw- ford, of this county. Given under my hand and seal, this day and year aforesaid, as a justice of the peace for the county of Cooper, in Missouri territory. James Bruffee. [seal.] Territory of Missouri, County of Cooper. I, James Bruffee, a justice of the peace within and for the township of Lamine, in the county aforesaid, do hereby certify that on the 7th day of September, 1819, I joined together in the holy state of matri- mony, Charles Force and Betsy Connor, of this county. Given under my hand and seal, this day and year aforesaid. James Bruffee. [seal.] Territory of Missouri, Cooper county, and township of Moroe : Joined in the holy state of matrimony, David Colter and Eliza Stone, on the 13th day of April, in the year of our Lord, 1820, solemnized by me. William Weir, J. P. Cooper County, Missouri Territory. I do hereby certify that, on the 17th day of July, 1820, I per- formed the marriage ceremony between Larkin Dewitt and Hannah Ewing, both of the county aforesaid. Given under my hand, this 21st of July, 1820. Finis Ewing, M. G.* In 1819, the first year after the county was organized, there were seven marriage certificates recorded ; in 1882, there were 200 re- corded. FIRST COUNTY COURT. The first county court within the county of Cooper was held on the 8th day of January, 1821, at the house of Eobert P. Clark, on the lot where Adam Eckard now resides, on High street, in the city of Boonville. This court exercised the powers, and performed the duties of the present county and probate courts, which had, previous to this time, been under the jurisdiction of the circuit court. The county court continued to perform the duties of both county and probate * Finis Ewing was the father of Cumberland Presbyterianism. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 647 courts, until the year 1847, when, by act of the legislature, the pro- bate court was separated from the county court, and continues separ- ate to the present time. James Bruffee, James Miller and Archibald Kavanaugh, were the justices of this court, appointed by James McNair, the then governor of the territory of Missouri. Robert P. Clark was appointed by the court as its clerk, and William Curtis, sheriff. And on the 9th day of April, 1821, Robert P. Clark produced his commission from the governor, as clerk of the county court, during life or good behavior. George Crawford was appointed assessor, and Andrew Briscoe, collector of Cooper county. On the same day, the will of Thomas McMahan, deceased, was probated, it being the first will proven before this court aud in this county. Also constables were appointed for the different townships in the county as follows : Boonville township, John Potter ; Lamine township, Bryant T. Nolan ; Moniteau township, Martin Jennings, and Clear Creek township, James C. Berry. George C. Hart was appointed commissioner to run dividing line between Cooper and Saline counties; and B. W. Levens, to run di- viding line between Cooper and Cole counties. JOHN v. SHARP. The following facts taken from the records of the county court, soon after that tribunal was established, will show something of the meagre resources of the county at that date ; were they not matters of record they would seem to be too incredible to be believed : — During the year 1821, John V. Sharp, a soldier who had served in the revolutionary war, and who was living in Cooper county, be- came paralyzed and as helpless as a child. He soon, not having any means of his own, became a charge upon the county. The cost to the county court was two dollars per day for his board and attention to him, besides bills for medical attention. After having endeavored in vain to raise sufiicient funds to take care of him, the county court, in the year 1822, petitioned the gen- eral assembly of this state to defray the expenses of his support, stating, in the petition, that the whole revenue of the county was not sufficient for his maintenance. This may sound strange to persons living in a county in which thousands of dollars are levied to defray its expense. But the whole revenue of the county for 1822, as shown by the settlement of the collector, was only $718, and the support of Mr. Sharp, at two dollars per day, cost $730 per year, besides the 648 HISTOET OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. cost for medical attention, which left the county, at the end of the year 1822, in debt, without counting in any of the other expenses of the county. The petition not having been granted by the general assembly, the court levied, for his support, during all the years from 1823 to 1828, a special tax of fifty per cent of the state revenue tax, being an amount equal to the whole of the general county tax ; and in 1828, ten per cent of the state revenue tax was levied for the same purpose. He must have died sometime during that year, as no further tax for his support appears upon the records of the county, thus relieving the county of a burdensome tax. FIRST COURT-HOUSE. The buildings occupied for a court-house prior to 1823 were mere wooden, temporary structures, not built with any reference orig- inally to their being occupied by the courts or county officials. The first court-house was completed in 1823. When Boonville was laid out by Morgan and Lucas, its founders, they donated fifty acres to the county on condition that the commissioners would locate the county seat at Boonville. As soon as the county seat had been located at Boonville and a part of the land sold by the county, the erection of a court-house was commenced. This building was located on the land which had been donated by Morgan and Lucas, and on land out of which was afterwards laid off the public square. It was a small two-story brick and resembled the present court- house in style, but much smaller. The court-house stood for sev- enteen years, and until the business of the county had increased to such an extent that the building could not accommodate it. SECOND AND PRESENT COURT-HOUSE. In 1838 the county court, at its May term, ordered that the public square be laid off into lots and sold, to raise money with which to build a new court-house (present building), and at the same time it was ordered that the old court-house be sold, which was accordingly done. The money, however, realized from the sale of the lots and the sale of the old building was not sufficient to erect the new building. The first appropriation made in money for this purpose by the court was the sum of $10,800. Other appropriations were made from time to time, until the completion of the building in the year 1840, the entire amount approximating about $30,000. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 649 The present court-house, although not centrally located, occupies a beautiful spot of ground near the corner of High and Main streets, and fronts the Missouri river. The building is large, two stories in height, is made of brick and surmounted with a cupola, from which much of the surrounding country, including a portion of Howard county, can be seen. ATTEMPTS TO MOVE THE COUNTY SEAT. Since the organization of the county there have been four attempts to change the location of the county seat, each resulting in the crea- tion of an ill-feeling between the different portions of the county, which took years to palliate. The first attempt to change the county seat was made in 1832, the next in 1838, the third in 1842, and the last in 1844. The third effort was caused by the excitement which originated between the militia and an organization known as the '* Fantastic company," of which we will now speak. From the organization of the government of the state until the year 1847, there existed a militia law, requiring all able-bodied male citizens, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, to organize into companies and to master on certain days. They had, during the year, at different times, a company, a battalion, and a general muster. A company muster was the drilling of the members of one company ; a battalion muster consisted in drilling the companies of one-half of a county ; and a general muster was a meeting of all the companies of 'a county. Muster day was, for a long time after the commencement of the custom, a gala day for the citizens, and was looked forward to with considerable interest, especially by the different officers, who ap- peared in full military dress, captains and lieutenants with long red feathers stuck in the fore part of their hats, and epaulettes upon their shoulders. The field officers mounted on their fine steeds, with con- tinental cocked hats, epaulettes upon their shoulders and fine cloth coats ornamented with gold fringe, rode around among the men and gave orders, making themselves the "observed of all observers." Also, the venders of whiskey, ginger-cakes, apples and cider took no small interest in the anticipated muster day, for on that day, every person being excited, bought more or less of these things. Always on muster days, after the muster was over, the rival bruisers of a neighborhood tried their strength upon one another, thus furnishing a great deal of amusement for those who attended. The little folks 650 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. were also happy in the anticipation, if not in the enjoyment, of being presented with a ginger-cake and an apple upon that day. But after a lapse of time these musters became tiresome to a por- tion of the citizens, as they were obliged to lose so much of their valuable time in order to attend them, or were compelled to pay a fine of one dollar for each failure to attend on muster day ; besides, they could see no real use in continuing the organization, as there seemed no prospect soon of the state requiring any troops, as all was peaceful and quiet within its borders. Also, at the elections for officers, many of them were chosen on account of their personal popularity, instead of their qualifications to fill the office for which they were elected. Musters, after their novelty had worn off, became very unpopular, the citizens believing them to be an unnecessary bur- den upon them. Therefore, some time before the battalion muster, which was to take place at Boonville, during the year 1842, a company, the ex- istence of which was known only to its members, was formed at that place, among the members of which were some of the best citizens of the city. This company was styled the "Fantastic company," on account of the queer costumes, arms, etc., of its members, they being dressed in all manner of outlandish costumes, carrying every con- ceivable kind of a weapon, from a broom-stick to a gun, and mounted upon horses, mules and jacks. The company was intended as a bur- lesque upon the militia, and to have some fun at their expense. The regiment of state militia which was to be mustered at the x above mentioned time was commanded by Colonel Jesse J. Turley and Major J. Logan Forsythe, and was composed of all the com- panies in the north half of the county. On the morning of the muster day Colonel Turley formed his regiment in front of the court house. After they were organized and ready for muster and drill, the Fantastic company, which was commanded by John Babbitt, each member dressed in his peculiar costume and carrying his strange weap6n, marched up into full view of Colonel Turley's command, and commenced preparations to drill. Colonel Turley, feeling indignant that his proceedings should be interrupted by such a " mob," and be- lieving that it was intended as an insult, ordered his command to sur- round the Fantastic company. There was a high fence on the eastern side of the vacant lot on which they were mustering, and Colonel Turley's company sur- rounded the "Fantastic company " by approaching on High street, on the alley between Fifth and Sixth streets, and on Sixth street, thus HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 651 hemming them in on the vacant lot. The latter, being closely pressed, retreated back across the fence, and then commenced a fight by throw- ing brickbats. The fight immediately became general and promis- cuous, and resulted in serious damage to several members of the state militia. Colonel J. J. Turley was struck in the side by a stone, and two or three of his ribs broken. Major J. Logan Forsythe was struck by a brickbat in the face, just below his right eye, and died the next day of his wounds. The members of the Fantastic company then dispersed and scattered in every direction. , The death of Major Forsythe caused great excitement through- out the county, and great indignation to be felt against the citizens of Boonville, so much so, that a petition was immediately circu- lated, asking that the " county seat of Cooper county be removed from Boonville " to a more central point of the county. So great was the- excitement that some persons living within three miles of Boonville signed this petition. But the county seat, after a severe struggle be- fore the county court, was retained at Boonville. The death of Major Forsythe was greatly regretted by all parties, for he was an excellent citizen and a very popular officer. It pro- duced an ill-feeling throughout the county, which lasted for many years. After the fight was over, the militia went through with their usual exercises, under the command of their subordinate officers, as Colonel Tux'ley and Major Forsythe were unable, on account of their wounds, to drill them. The last effort was made as stated, in 1844, by the people of Palestine township. The citizens of that township held a meeting in March of that year, and agreed to submit the question of changing the county seat to a vote of the people, which was accordingly done at the succeeding August election. The question was decided ad- versely to those who favored the change. CHAPTEK IV. BOONVILLE TOWNSHIP. Boundary — Physical Features — Early Settlers — Boonville — Its Location — Its Pioneer Builders and Business Men — Town Laid Out — Merchants — Franklin — Boonville Grew Beyond Expectation — The Missouri Overflow of 1826 — New Town of Franklin Started — Old Business Men and Santa Fe Traders — From 1830 to 1840 — From 1840 to 1850 — Steamboats — Opposition Ferries — Death of William Henry Harrison — Reception of John J. Crittenden at Boonville — From 1850 to 1860 — Thespian Hall — Commerce and Manufactures — H. B. Benedict's Report in 1855 — Statement of 1882 — Banks and Bankers — Boonville Water Company — Kemper Family School — Cooper Institute — History of the Public Schools — Secret Orders — Odd Fellows Celebration — Mayors and Present Officers of Boon- ville — Present Business. BOUNDARY. Bounded on the north by the Missouri river, on the east by Sa- line township, on the south by Clark, Palestine and Pilot Grovo town- ships, and on the west by Pilot Grove and Lamiue townships. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The water supply is good. The Missouri river on the north, the Petite Saline creek running through the southern part of the township, and the Lamine river bordering a portion of the western part of the township, furnish ample water facilities. EARLY SETTLERS. The first settlers of the township were Stephen and Hannah Cole, who settled there in 1810. The settlers who arrived previous to the year 1815, were Giliad Eupe, Muke Box, Delany Bowlin, "William Savage, James Savage, John Savage and Walter Burress ; and, in 1815, Umphrey and Wil^ liam Gibson. Those who settled in this township between the years 1815 and 1820, were William McFarland, John S. and Jesse McFarland, George, Samuel and Alexander McFarland, William Mitchell, James Bruffee, Kobert P. Clark, Joseph and William Dillard, Littleberry Hendricks, William BartJett, Jesse Ashcraft, Eussell Edgar, John M. (652) HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 653 Bartlett, Abram Gibson, Thomas Twentyman, James Dillard, Jacob Newman, William Potter, Frederick Houx, William Poston, George Potter, Benjamin L. Clark, John J. Clark, Kyra Dunn,K. McKenzie, Marcus Williams, James, Robert and Alexander Givens, Jacob Chism, John B. Lucus, Charles B. Mitchell, Nicholas McCarty, Lewis Edgar, John B. Seat, Jacob McFarland, James McCarty, William Ross, Abiel Leonard, Joseph W. Bernard, James McFarland, Ephraim Elli- son, John Roberts, Thomas Mitchell, Reuben George, Fleming G. Mitchell, Jesse Thomas, Asa Morgan, Peter B. Harris, James Cham- bers, Benjamin F. Hickox, William H. Curtis, William W. Adams, John D. Thomas, William Lillard, James H. Anderson, Peyton R. Hayden, John S. Brickey, Peyton Thomas, David Adams, Luke Wil- liams, John Potter, Andrew Reavis, David Reavis, Jonathan Reavis, Jesse Homan, John H. Moore, Green B. Seat, W. D. Wilson, Thomas Eogers, Mrs. Mary Reavis, William Chambers, James Chambers and Justinian Williams. There were, no doubt, many others not mentioned above, who resided in this township between the above years, but their names are unknown, and perhaps some few of those mentioned above resided in some other township. The above list was taken from the poll books of the township for 1820, and of course those who lived there at that time, but did not record their votes, are not included in the same. From the best information that can be obtained, all the persons mentioned in the foregoing list of early settlers are dead, except John S. and Jesse McFarland, and Lewis Edgar. Mr. John Kelly and Mrs. Tibitha Kelly were in the township frequently between 1818 and 1820. They then resided in Old Frank- lin, but are now living in Boonville. Of the ladies now living who resided in Boonville township previous to 1820, are Mrs. Jesse Homan, Mrs. Frederick Houx, Miss Mary Reavis, Mrs. B. F. Hickox, Mrs. Jennie Wadley and Mrs. Dikie Dallas, the two last mentioned being the sisters of Samuel Cole. Wm. McFarland, the first sheriff of Cooper county, was born in Buncombe county, North Carolina, in the year 1778. He emigrated to St. Genevieve, now St. Francois county, Missouri, in 1811, and from thence to Cooper county, and on the 16th day of October, 1816, he settled on the north side of Petite Saline creek, where Joseph Byler now resides. He had two neighbors living on the south side of the creek whose names were John Glover and Warden. He had no other neighbors nearer than the immediate neighborhood of Boonville. He was, in 1818 or 1819, a member of the territorial legislature from the 43 654 history or Howard and coopek counties. southern district of Howard county, which included that part of the county lying south of the Missouri river. He was a farmer, a man of great energy, an affectionate husband and father and a good neighbor. He died in the year 1834. Benjamin F. Hickox was born in the state of New York, and emigrated to this country at an early day. He was elected a member of the legislature from Cooper county in 1822, 1824 and 1838, and county court justice from September 24, 1844, to November 2, 1846. He was also one of the commissioners to superintend the building of the first court-house at Boonville. He was a successful farmer, an honest, upright man, an excellent neighbor, and very charitable to the poor, never turning them away from his door without relieving their wants. He died nearly thirty years ago, beloved and respected by all who knew him. Luke Williams, a Baptist preacher, was a farmer, and resided about five miles west of Boonville. He is celebrated as being the first preacher in Cooper county, having located there several years before the county was organized. Justinian Williams was born in Bath county, Virginia, and while young emigrated to Kentucky and there married. He then moved to Howard county, Missouri, from thence to Cooper county, and settled at Boonville in the year 1818. In this year he located the first Metho- dist church in Cooper county. He was a cabinet maker by trade, and followed that business for several years, preaching and organiz- ing churches at intervals. He was also the local preacher at Boon- ville for several years. In the year 1834 he built a steamboat called the "Far West," about two miles above the mouth of the Bonne Femme creek, in Howard county, and was the commander of the same for some time. During that year he emigrated to Tennessee, where he died. Marcus Williams, the first mayor of the city of Boonville, was born in Bath county, Virginia, and when young moved to Kentucky; from thence to Boonville, Cooper county, Missouri. He was a brick mason by trade, and manufactured the first bricks ever made in Cooper county, having opened a lime kiln in the western part of Boonville. At the " Vollrath " place in 1840, he made the first stone- ware ever manufactured in western Missouri. He emigrated to Cali- fornia at the time of the gold excitement in 1849, and settled at San Jose, where he died about the year 1860. This township at the time of its first settlement was partly prairie, in the west and southwest, but after the lapse of many years, the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 655 prairie became timbered land. Great fears were entertained by the early settlers about the scarcity of timber, but it is believed that there is at the present time, more timber in the county than there was fifty years ago. This was the first township of the county which was settled, and for many years few ventured outside, or at most, far from its bound- aries. The early settlers believed that the prairie land was only suited for grazing and not fit for cultivation. In the year 1830, a few persons ventured to cultivate prairie land, and finding it so productive, many other farmers settled on the prairies, and at this time all of the prairie land is under fence, and now constitutes the most valuable farms in the county. Persons in the early history of the township settled near the river, that affording the only means by which they could ship their surplus productions to market. But the building of railroads has re- volutionized everything. Land near the river has become less valu- able, and that on the prairies, which a few years ago was considered almost worthless, has now become more valuable. Timbered land is still preferred by many farmers, for the reason that it is much better for the growing of wheat, and equally as good, if not better, for other productions. The soil of this township is very productive, and is especially excellent for growing fruit. It has also large quantities of coal of a good quality, which could be shipped at large profit. BOONVILLE. At a spot on the Missouri river a little below the old town site of Franklin, but on the opposite bank of the river, a little ravine, since known as " Eoupe's branch," flows into the "Big Muddy" and mingles its clear waters with that turbid stream. The land at and near the mouth of this little branch is comparatively low and flat. To the west and on the river the hills rise abruptly, while towards the east there is a gradual elevation of the .surface for a distance of about a quarter of a mile, until the summit of the river bluffs is attained. Here the country is level for some distance back, and from the top of the bluffs may be seen not only the broad and swiftly-rolling river, which sweeps along at their base, but much of Howard county upon the opposite shore. The landscape is a beautiful one, being varied as it is by winding river, broad-reaching' forests, hills, farm houses and green fields. Crowning the summit above mentioned is a handsome little city which was christened Boonville by its founders, in honor of Daniel 656 HISTORY OF HOWAED AND COOPER COUNTIES. Boone, the crack of whose unerring rifle doubtless resounded within its present limits, when the red man and the wild beasts were the sole occupants of the territory now known as Cooper county. The original proprietor of a portion of the present town site of Boonville was Mrs. Hannah Cole, who is mentioned in a preceding chapter of this history. She located and took a pre-emption in 1810, which she afterwards sold to Bird Lockhart and Henry Carroll, Jan- uary 25, 1819, for a mere trifle. The first settler in the limits of old Boonville was Gilliard Roupe, who built his residence on the lot now owned by Captain James Thompson, on the south side of Spring street, near the old cement factory. The next building was a ferry-house, erected also by Eoupe at the mouth of Roupe's branch. The first ferry was operated by the sons of Mrs. Cole prior to 1816, and a license was granted to her for that purpose after the organization of Howard county. There were several houses — log cabins — built on the bottom land below the branch, extending south as far as the corner of Morgan and Second streets, before the town was located or laid off. The pioneer business house was kept by a Frenchman named A. Robidoux, which was located in the flat below Roupe's branch. Eo- bidoux came from St. Louis and was doubtless an Indian trader be- fore coming to Boonville. Soon after Robidoux commenced business a man named Nolin opened a grocery near the mouth of the branch, his stock in trade consisting mostly of whiskey and tobacco. These improvements of log and pole cabins were made in 1816 and 1817. During the same period Mrs. Reavisand William Bartlett kept board- ing houses in the same locality, and Thomas Rogers built a house oil the corner of High and Second streets and used it as a residence, hotel and store. TOWN LAID OUT. The town was laid out by Asa Morgan and Charles Lucus, and the plat filed on the 1st day of August, 1817. It was surveyed by William Ross. The first lots were sold in 1819. A donation of fifty acres was made by Morgan and Lucus to Cooper county, was accepted by the commissioners, and the county seat located thereon. The first donation lots were sold in 1821. From the best evidence that can be had from old citizens, the first houses built after the town was laid off were two brick houses still standing on Morgan street — one east of the jail, and the other east of and near the Central National bank, built by Asa Morgan. Some HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 657 other old houses, now standing, are Dr. Trigg's, on Morgan street, and a log house on the north side of High street, on the corner of Seventh street, occupied by a colored woman by the name of Carter ; also a brick house on High street, northeast of the court-house, built by Hon. E. P. Clark, and now owned by Joseph and William Williams. The next merchants after Robidoux were Jacob Wyan and Archie Kavanaugh, who had a store and residence north of the court-house square. The other early merchants were McKenzie, Bousfield, Colonel Thornton, Mrs. Dobbins, Thomas M. Campbell and Judge C. H. Smith. The next hotel was built by Justinian Williams, after- wards sold to John Dade. It is still standing, and used as a hotel, Mrs. Helfrich being the present proprietor. There was also a hotel on the lot north of the jail, now occupied by the residence of C. W. Sombart. FRANKLIN. It must not be forgotten, when Boonville was laid out, that on the opposite side of the river stood the town of Franklin, which had been previously settled and had just been made the county seat of Howard county. Franklin was springing right up, as if by magic, and was already the centre of a large trade, reaching out for many miles in every direction. Beside this, Franklin numbered among its citizens many of the most wealthy, enterprising and talented men, who had emigrated to the country, from Virginia and Kentucky — men who were doing all they could to build up the town which they had helped to locate and to which they had given a name. It was, of course, not expected by those who laid out Boonville that it would increase as rapidly in influence and population as its neighbor had done, on the opposite bank of the river. It had not the prestige, nor did it have surrounding it a country so populous as that which paid tribute to Franklin. The little town, however, grew from the beginning ; and soon after the first sale of lots, which oc- curred in 1819, a number of houses were immediately erected, thus giving promise of a much brighter future than its founders had ex- pected. They knew, in reason, that the geographical location was not only a good one, but a healthful one, and that, as the county in- creased in population, the town would increase in proportion, pro- vided it remained the county seat, notwithstanding the near proximity of its thrifty rival. The little village maintained a slow growth until the summer and fall of 1826, when it entered upon an era of prosperity never before known in its brief history. In the spring of that year the Missouri river overflowed its banks, and Franklin, 658 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. because of its low and flat location, suffered greatly from the high water and the malaria which followed. The town site was built largely upon soil, the chief component of which was sand. The consequence was, the constant falling in and washing away of the river bank. This occurred to a very great extent, in 1826, many houses going into the river. The citizens of the town, which had at that time a population of between 1,800 and 3,000 people, be- came satisfied that all future efforts to prevent the gradual caving in of the banks would be futile upon their part ; and so believing, many of the residents and business men left the place, some of them settling in the town of New Franklin, two and a half miles back from the river, in Howard county, just in the edge of the hills, some in Fayette, the county seat of Howard, and some came to Booriville, a few of the latter bringing not only their goods and chattels, but their houses. From this time Boonville grew more rapidly ; her trade increased, and the little village which had but a few years before been planted along the margin of the bluffs began to be l-ecognized as a place of some commercial importance. Franklin had been greatly shorn of its influence ; the county seat had been moved to Fayette, and much of the business which had been transacted by its merchants and tradesmen had been withdrawn and turned into other channels. James L. Collins, William Harley, An- drew Adams, and others, had located at Boonville and were conduct- ing a successful and extensive trade with the Santa Fe country — a trade which had theretofore contributed much to the business of Franklin and the wealth of those who were thus engaged. from 1830 to 1840. Between the two dates above mentioned a number of enterprising men settled in Boonville and engaged extensively in the mercantile business, their stocks consisting of a general assortment of dry goods, groceries, etc. Among these were A. L. & C. D. W. Johnson, who, in addition to their store, operated a large grist mill, which was per- haps the first flouring mill erected in the town. There were also J. Mansker & Co., N. W. Mack, Thomas M. Campbell, Judge Charles W. Smith, Caleb Jones, Walter & H. B. Benedict, who were engaged in the sale of dry goods, groceries, etc. Allen Porter was the druggist ; H. & J. Rea were tobacconists ; H. W. Crowther was the rope-maker; Jeremiah Rice was the tanner ; W. P. Roper was the saddler ; Hook was the gunsmith, David Andrews the tinner, George W. Caton the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 659 tailor ; John Dade and James Patton were the principal hotel-keepers ; Isaiah Hanna was one of the blacksmiths, and George C. Hart, John W. Martin and J. McCutchen were the physicians. During the period mentioned — from 1830 to 1840 — the Methodists erected a house of worship, the first built in the town. The Boonville Herald, a weekly newspaper, was also started before the year 1840. Boonville was in- corporated as a city in 1839. from 1840 to 1850. Boonville enjoyed an era of prosperity between the years 1840 andl850 that had not been known in its history. During the former year the census of the town was taken, and disclosed the fact that Boonville contained a population of 1,666 persons. Another news- paper made its appearance, and a number of educational institutions sprang up in and near the town, among which were the schools of P. Carroll and John Maguire, the Boonville male institute, Female col- legiate institute, Female seminary, Boonville boarding school, all showing that the people were fully alive to the advantages to be de- rived from these institutions of learning which were located in their midst, and which were liberally patronized by them. Among the teachers of these schools were Mr v and Mrs. Bronaugh, T. F. Swim and J. M. Burns, J. L. Tracy and Wm. G. Bell. The number of, hotels had increased. The City hotel, Peter Pierce as proprietor, Union hotel, Louis Bendele as proprietor, Virginia hotel, with John Dade as proprietor, and Bailey's Mansion house, all came into exist- ence after 1840. The latter house was the central oflice of the stage line running from St. Louis to Independence, Missouri. Wyan's addition to the city was made in 1842. The number of business men had also, increased, for among the new firms were : E. F. Gillespie, wholesale and retail dealer in drugs and medicines ; Brem- erraann & Cuno, forwarding and commission merchants ; William H. Trigg, forwarding and commission merchant ; Moseley & Stanley, for- warding and commission merchants ; Hammond & Judd, lumber mer- chants ; N. Hutchison, wholesale druggist ; S. D. Falls, dry goods ; Thpmas B. Veazey, hardware ; Aehle & Kueckelhan, wholesale drug- gists ; Walter & Keill, liquors, dry goods and clothing ; Nelson, Jones & Co., dry goods, groceries, etc. ; Peters & Hill, forwarding and commission merchants, and Talbot & Lanny, clothing. Main street was macadamized in 1840. During the year 1843 Moseley & Stanley operated a brewery. Between 1840 and 1850 real estate commanded a better price than it has at any time since. 660 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. STEAMBOATS. In 1840 the first steamboat was built and successfully launched atBoonville. It was built under the superintendence of Captain McCourtney, and was intended for the Osage trade. It was called the "Warsaw." As a port of entry Boonville excelled any other town on the river above St. Louis. As many as five and six steam- boats would often land during the day and night, for the purpose of taking on or discharging freight. In 1840 H. W. Crowther and C. D. W. Johnson ran opposition ferries. DEATH OF WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON. The citizens of Boonville, in order to show their sympathy and respect for the dead president, had a grand procession, consisting of citizens, Odd Fellows, Free Masons, firemen, pupils from the different schools and academies, and twenty-six young ladies. The Boonville Observer, of May, 1841, in speaking of that occasion, says : — HONORS TO THE DEAD. In pursuance of arrangements, Friday, last, April 30, 1841, was observed in this city with proper solemnities in honor of the lately de- ceased president, William H. Harrison. At 10 o'clock, a procession was formed at the public square, in beautiful and imposing style. The Masonic fraternity were placed in the lead, then came the Inde- pendent order of Odd Fellows, who were followed by the fire companies. Each of these companies had their appropriate badges and made a handsome appearance. Next to them were twenty-six young ladies, representing the several states of the Union, all dressed in white, ex- cept the representative of Ohio, who was clad in deep mourning. After these came the teachers and scholars of Mr. Tracy's and Mr. Bronaugh's schools ; then the members of the bar ; next the medical faculty, followed by ladies and citizens. At least 1,200 persons, it is estimated, were in the line. The procession marched to a grove near the river, where a temporary pulpit and seats had been prepared, and where a very interesting sermon, suited to the occasion, was preached by Mr. Jaynes. The business houses of the city were closed through- out the day, and the deepest solemnity seemed to pervade our whole population. Everything seemed to tell the nation's loss was deeply felt among us, and that in acquiescing in the fiat of divine providence, our citizens bowed with chastened grief to the will of Him who never errs. The names of the states and of the young ladies representing them are as follows : Miss Martha M. Goode, Maine ; Miss Ann E. Dow, New Hampshire ; Miss Frances A. Staley, Vermont ; Miss Elizabeth Lionberger, Massachusetts; Miss Lucy M. Collins, Connecticut; Miss Lavinia C. Letton, Rhode Island ; Miss Ann E. January, New York; Miss Eliza M. Cramner, New Jersey ; Miss Mary E. Thompson, Penn- sylvania ; Miss Sarah C. Powell, Delaware ; Miss Virginia F. Buck- ner, Maryland ; Miss Virginia S. Tutt, Virginia ; Miss Mary L. Bailey, North Carolina; Miss Elizabeth M. Kelly, South Carolina; Miss HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 661 Mary Ormrod, Georgia; Miss Maria S. Richards, Alabama; Miss Fanny A- Jefferson, Mississippi; Miss Mary Rankin, Louisiana; Miss Rebecca Bowen, Arkansas ; Miss Ellen R. Rankin, Tennessee ; Miss Kosalie Thornton, Kentucky ; Miss Louisa Weight, Ohio ; Miss Eliza J. Mack, Indiana ; Miss Rebecca Hutchison, Illinois ; Miss Virginia A. Hook, Michigan ; Miss Jerusha A. Leveridge, Missouri. RECEPTION OF JOHN J. CRITTENDEN IN BOONVILLE. A rumor having reached Boonville that the Hon. J. J. Crittenden was on a visit to Missouri, and was about to take Boonville in his route, a large number of the citizens assembled at the court-house, on Saturday evening, June 17th, 1843, for the purpose of adopting some measures to express for him their respect and esteem, as one of the nation's most distinguished citizens and most efficient representatives in the American congress, and adopted the following resolutions : Resolved, That a committee of ten be appointed by the chair to make suitable arrangements for his reception, and tender him the hos- pitalities of our city. Resolved, That said committee make known to the public the ar- rangements which may be made for his reception. Boonville, June 19, 1843. Hon. John J. Crittenden : Dear Sib : — Having learned that you would probably take Boon- ville in your route on a visit through our state, a large number of our fellow-citizens convened at the court-house on Saturday evening, and appointed the undersigned a committee to tender you, on their behalf, the hospitalities of our city, and they further instructed us to tender you a public dinner, to be given at such time as you may appoint, as a tribute of their high admiration for your talents, and their confidence in your integrity and patriotism. They further desire that you will address the citizens of Cooper county on the condition and prospects of our country. We discharge the duty assigned us with great pleasure, and, recog- nizing you as the able and independent advocate of our principles, we welcome you to our state, and assure you that a compliance with our request will greatly gratify those whom we represent, and much oblige your obedient servants. John G. Miller, John C. Richardson, E. Stanley, George E. Redwood, T. M. Campbell, P. R. Hayden, ^-Committee. Jesse Homan, H. L. Gardener, S. Houck, C. W. Todd, J. L. Collins, "662 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Boonvllle, June 19, 1843. Gentlemen : — I have received and read with grateful sensibility your kind and flattering letter of invitation to accept of a public din- ner, and to address the citizens of Cooper county on the condition and prospects of our country. Appreciating most highly the evidence it affords me of your respect and esteem, I regret that circumstances oblige me to decline your invitation. My visit here must necessarily be so brief and so occupied with the private business, that occasioned it, Jhat I could not comply with your wishes without great incon- venience. I hope that my apology may be acceptable to you and those you represent, and for yourselves and them, I beg leave to offer my cordial acknowledgments for the honor you have been pleased to confer on me. Very respectfully, yours, etc., J. J. Crittenden. Messrs. John G. Miller, J. C. Richardson, E. Stanley, George E. Redwood, T. M. Campbell, P. R. Hayden, Jesse Homan, H. L. Gardner, S. Houck, C. W. Todd, J. L. Collins, committee. from 1850 to 1860. During the year 1850, the whole number of deaths that occurred in Boonville was forty-five, as shown by the sexton's report (the sexton of the cemetery), thirty-eight of these were white persons, and seven were negroes ; eleven of these were strangers who had just arrived in the city or who were passing through. The population was estimated to be at that time, about 2,800. It will be seen, therefore, that Boonville was remarkably healthful. During the decade above mentioned, many enterprises were in- augurated and a number abandoned. Several newspapers were es- tablished and discontinued. Notably among these, were the Central Missourian and the Boonville Missourian. The Missouri State Agri- cultural Society was inaugurated and held the first fairs at the fair grounds near Boonville, in 1853 and 1854. Wm. E. Burr, now presi- dent of the St. Louis National bank; Joseph L. Stephens, Wm. H. Trigg, C. H. Brewster and others, formed a building association in 1853, and erected four cottages in Wyans' addition at a cost of $500 each. These were built to accommodate sti'augers, who desired to locate in Boonville. These houses were, however, afterwards disposed of at a sacrifice. Messrs. Wm. H. Trigg, Joseph L. Stephens, R. D. Perry and others, purchased the ferry, but sold again soon to Cap- tain John Porter, who now operates it. THESPIAN HALL. In 1855 the foundations were laid for Thespian hall, which was be- gun and completed during that year. It was at the time of its com- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 663 pletion one of the largest and one of the most magnificent buildings to be found west of St. Louis. It was erected by a number of stockholders, and occupies the north- east corner of Fifth and Church streets. The building is constructed of brick, 50x100 feet, with ten feet open space in front, supported by four brick columns, 4x4 feet square. Thespian hall is four feet above the ground, 50x90 feet, and twenty feet high in the clear. The second story is divided into three apartments : two halls, originally for use of Masonic and Odd Fellows associations, fronting on Fifth street 23£ x40 feet each ; a town hall, fronting Church street, 35x47 feet. The basement story was designed for a reading room. COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURES. In 1855|( January) the following was the report of the commerce and manufactures of Boonville, as published in the Observer of that date, over the signature of H. B. Benedict, mayor. As the report will be quite interesting to the old merchants of Boonville, we will repro- duce it in full : — To the Editor of the Observer : Believing the same desire exists with others as myself, in relation to correct information of the amount of manufacturing and commerce of our city, I have obtained a statement from every house in every branch of business, herein reported, taken from the record. I believe the exhibit may be relied on as substantially correct. Our present population is about 3,000 ; the value of city property, as as- sessed by the city in 1854, is $453,000 ; the city revenue for the same year, from all sources, is about $3,200. This is considerably less than the preceding year. Our city has no debt, and not an empty treas- ury. This state of things induced a lower rate of taxation in 1854 than formerly. The rate for 1854 was fixed at three-tenths of one per cent. In the following exhibit no fictitious figures are used, and should facts fail to please, it will be a misfortune, not a fault. We have exported from the city during 1854 the following articles : EX1,OETS - Barrels. Flour - - - ..... . 3,200 Lard 1,381 Wax 35 Flax-seed 311 White beans 125 Butter - - 108 Eggs - - 9 Tallow ... - 29 Peach brandy - 7 Green apples .._----- 406 Pork 85 Pecans ___.___.-- 10 664 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Casks. Bacon - 810 Sacks. Wheat 4,690 Dry fruit - .... 4,236 Corn 18 Oats 286 Potatoes ---------- 37 Bales. Hemp --24 Peltries 223 Furs 188 Buffalo robes --------- 61 Wool 96 Eags ------- T 1 Bags. Feathers 360 Timothy seed --------- 71 Castor beans --------- 6 Sumac 182 Boxes. Merchandise --.____-- 197 Pig lead 3,682 Dry hides 2,742 Tobacco --_-_--._- 9 Leather rolls ~""~~*4"~"" ^ Hogsheads. Tobacco ---------- 55 Bushels. Mustard seed --------- 6 Dozens. Chickens 143 Turkeys 760 Tons. Broken glass -- - 1£ SHIPMENT OF LIVE STOCK, HOGS, ETC. TJpad Cattle by the river 2,300 Hogs by the river -------- 3,000 Sheep by the river _______ 3,200 Cattle by land 3,700 Mules by laud 850 Horses by land ---_-.___ 150 Slaughtered in the City. Hogs ... 5,000 Beeves -- 498 Mutton --. 700 Valuation of the stock $460,000 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 665 TRADE. Amount of business in 1854. We have nine wholesale and retail dry goods houses, including one hat and cap store - Ten wholesale and retail grocers - One dealer in books and stationery One dealer in iron eastings, smiths' tools, etc. One dealer in glass and queensware Three druggists - - MANUFACTURES AND TRADE. Seven tailors and merchant tailors and deal- ers in clothing - Six boot and shoe manufacturers and dealers Four watchmakers and jewelers Three tin and copper-ware manufacturers and stove dealers - - - - Four cabinet ware manufacturers and dealers in Eastern work - Three saddle and harness manufactories Three confectioners, manufactured candy - Four tobacconists, manufactured 400 boxes tobacco ; 378,000 cigars One tallow chandler, mf'd 15,000 lbs. candles One Spanish saddle tree, mf d 400 trees One carriage manufacturer, with blacksmith shop annexed - One stoneware, manufactured 250,000 gal. One tanner, manufactured leather One upholster and trimmer One marble and tombstone manufacturer - One brewery, five months in operation, 500 bbls. beer 1,800 1,800 One steam flouring mill, manufactured 10,000 bbls. flour - - - 70,000 Ten blacksmith shops, nearly all with plow or wagon shops attached thereto, manu- factured 535 2^1ows, 175 wagons; other shop work in value, $6,300 ; whole value 25,557 Seven cooper shops, manufactured 3,701 flour bbls., 783 pork bbls., 946 whiskey bbls., 802 bacon casks, 221 slack kegs, 32 scalding tubes and well buckets ; other work in shop, 575 - - - 5,768 Two lumber yards ; lumber sold - 26,694 Two shops, one turning — one gunsmith - 850 $227,720 $1,177,111 5 "* $400,703 408,700 12,000 11,538 3,300 37,000 E. Val. Manfd. Goods. Whole Am't of Business. $ 12,000 14,755 3,500 $ 74,000 32,661 14,000 18,000 32,000 5,900 17,000 3,150 13,100 22,000 6,500 11,840 2,100 600 11,840 2,100 600 7,000 20,000 3,000 1,500 2,500 7,000 20,000 3,000 1,500 2,500 666 history or HO WARD and cooper counties. We have in our city — One banking house, Two resident dentists, Three large and commodious pub- Two resident daguerreotypists, lie houses, Two printing offices, Two livery stables, well supplied One book bindery, with teams and vehicles, Seven schools, Three barber shops, Six churches. Having given above a report of the business of Boonville during the year 1855, we publish below a statement of the shipping interests of the city for the year 1882, as furnished the Hon. Jno. L. O'Bryan, the present mayor, by the depot agent at Boonville : Wheat ... . Flour ... Lumber - - - Sand - ... Empty bbls ... Apples - Brick - ... Hogs - ... Stoneware - ... Bran - - ... Cattle .... Sheep - . . - Lime - - BANKS AND BANKERS. Wm. H. Trigg opened the first bank — a private institution — in 1847, on the corner of Fifth and Spring streets, where the bank of Elliott, Williams & Co. now stands. During the same year, he moved near the corner of Fifth and Morgan streets, where he erected a house for a bank. After continuing the business alone, until 1859, he organized a company consisting of Wm. H. Trigg, C. W. Som- bart, A. S. Walker, John Ainslie, Caleb Jones, J. M. Nelson, Jno. K. French, Isaac Lionberger, J. L. Stephens, H. M. Painter, A. J. Read, W. G. Bell and J. Sombart, and commenced business with a paid up capital of $150,000. This company continued to do busi- ness until 1865. The next banking enterprise was the opening of the branch of the bank of St. Louis, in the year 1856. With this enter- prise were connected Wm. E. Burr, Joel Stephens, Jas. M. Nelson, C. W. and J. Sombart, Wm. Harley, Jno. R. French and others. 911 Ties - 20 295 236 Household Ice goods 16 13 185 179 Agricultural implements - 12 Oats 8 115 Mules . 7 78 63 Scrap iron Horses - - 3 2 62 Saw-dust - 2 60 59 Hay Corn - 2 2 27 Salt _ 2 23 Total - 2,382 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 667 CENTRAL NATIONAL BANK. Assets : Cash on hand, - - .... $ 71,454 06 Treasury U. S., - - ... 7,290 00 Sight Exchange, - - 150,469 33 Total, $229,213 39 Bonds, ... - Bills Receivable, ... - $597,550 00 - 253,944 53 Total, $851,494 53 Expenses, - Taxes, - - - - $ 4,943 25 4,702 42 Total, $9,645 67 Total assets, *• $1,090,353 59 Liabilities : Capital paid in, - Surplus, - - Undivided profits, - * - - $200,000 00 - 100,000 00 - 127,023 37 Total, $427,023 37 Circulation, - - ... Deposits (subject to check), - - $145,800 00 - 517,530 22 Total, $663,330 22 Total liabilities, - - - $1,090,353 59 James M. Nelson, president; Harvey Bunce, vice-president; Speed Stephens, cashier ; Lon V. Stephens, assistant cashier. Di- rectors — J. M. Nelson, Harvey Bunce, C. W. Sombart, Julius Som- bart, William Harley, Speed Stephens, Lon V. Stephens. Capital, $200,000; surplus, $225,000; total assets, over $1,000,000. The next bank was opened by Aehle, Dunnica &Co. This was succeeded by Aehle & Dunnica. Aehle, Lee & Dunnica succeeded Aehle & Dunnica. John Lee & Son followed Aehle, Lee & Dunnica. John Lee & Son were succeeded in 1881, by 668 HISTORY OF HOWARD and cooper counties. ELLIOTT, WILLIAMS & CO., BANKERS. Official statement of the financial condition of Elliott, Williams &Co., bankers, at Boonville, state of Missouri, at the close of busi- ness on the 14th day of April, 1883. Resources: * Loans undoubtedly good on personal or collateral se- curity - " - - $101,992 16 Overdrafts by solvent customers - - - 2,215 53 United States bonds on hand - 2,200 00 Other bonds and stocks at their present cash market price - ..... 14,50000 Due from other banks, good on sight draft - 43,835 32 Bills of national banks and legal tender United States notes - - - 11,000 00 Gold coin - - - .... 2,600 00 Silver coin - - - - - 1,557 05 Total - ' - - - - $179,900 06 Liabilities : Capital stock paid in - .... $ 20,000 00 Surplus funds on hand - - - - 5,027 07 Deposits subject to draft — at sight ... - 154,29434 Due other banks and bankers - - - 578 65 Total - - - - $179,900 06 State of Missouri, > County of Cooper. \ We, John S. Elliott and John Cosgrove, two of the partners in or owners of said banking business, and each of us, do solemnly swear that the above statement is true to the best of our knowledge and belief. John S. Elliott, John Cosgrove. Subscribed and sworn to before me, this 23d day of April, A. D. 1883. Witness my hand and notarial seal hereto affixed, at office, in Boonville, Missouri, the date last aforesaid. /-^-^-v Ed. W. Chilton, I Notary Public. ■ .- -^ ^ (Commissioned and qualified for a term expiring May 6th, 1886.) BOONVILLE WATER COMPANY. During the month of May, 1883, the Boonville water company was organized with the following stockholders : John Elliott, John Cosgrove, Speed Stephens, Lon Stephens, Henry McPherson, W. SEAL HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 669 Whitlow, T. B. Perkins, W. C. Oulverham and J. H. Johnston, with a capital of $100,000. P. B. Perkins took the contract for building the water works, which will cost $54,000. They are to be completed by the first day of August, 1883. Mr. Perkins receives as compensation a certain per cent of the stock, for which he transfers his franchise to the water company. The plan pursued in the construction of this important enterprise, is known as the "Perkins System." The reservoir will be located west of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroad, on a hill, which reaches an altitude greater than that of any other elevation surrounding the city, and will contain three million gallons of water, which will be pumped from the Missouri river. Thus, it will be seen, that Boonville is gradually growing into the importance of a young and promising city, and that slowly but surely those things are being added which tend most to the convenience, comfort and material prosperity of its citizens. The city was lighted by gas as early as 187-. KEMPER FAMILY SCHOOL. For thirty-nine years this school has been established in Boon- ville, and has steadily advanced in usefulness and in the estimation of the public. In the year 1844, F. T. Kemper arrived in Boonville from the town of Philadelphia, Missouri, where for one year he had taught a private school, after spending the years from 1836 to 1843 as student and tutor in Marion college, near Palmyra. This college was the creation of some of the Presbyterian divines of the west, par- ticularly Dr. David Nelson, a man of wide fame as a pulpit orator and writer. It was an attempt to materialize a plan by which log huts, raw land and the muscles of the students were to take the place of money endowments, and build up an institution of learning of the highest order. Although it failed to attract to it that support which it needed for success, it afforded an excellent training to those who came under its influence. There, at the age of twenty, young Kem- per entered and finished the education which had been begun in his native state, Virginia ; and for two years and a half, as tutor, prac- tised the work to which he devoted his life. Becoming fired with am- bition to elevate the dignity, enlarge the scope and increase the independence of the educator's profession, he withdrew from all con. nection with Marion college and resolved to put himself into a posi- tion where he could develop his ideal without interference from any one. After a trial year at Philadelphia, in the same county, he chose U 670 ♦ HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Boonville as the scene of his labors, and in June, 1844, the school was started. The opening occurred in a little frame building, standing on the site of Elliott, Williams & Co.'s bank. But five students were present, of whom only one, D. C. Mack, was a Boonville boy — the others coming with Mr. K. from his former school at Philadelphia. The little frame house, still standing a little further west, was the residence of the school family, of which, as the principal was unmar- ried, his aunt, Mrs. Mary Allison, was matron. Another small house, on the site of Weber's agricultural works, was used as an office to piece out the scanty accommodations. In the course of a few weeks there was much improvement in prospects and arrangements. The enrollment of students increased to thirty-three ; the ready furnished school-room of Mr. Jaffray, in the second story of the building now known as the Mahan house, was secured, and the family was removed to a brick building still standing on the old fair ground. Though the principal did all the work, both of teaching and gov- erning, the course of study was very full, embracing the full college course of mathematics and languages. As experience and educa- tional progress demanded it, there was contraction of these parts of the curriculum and exhaustion in the department of natural sciences. Before one year had elapsed, the school was well enough estab- lished to enable the principal to begin to prepare for it a permanent home, the one in which it has ever since remained. Money was raisedby means of a company, who subscribed for stock, which was to be redeemed by Mr. K. as he became able. By this means the right front of the present building was erected in the summer of 1845. By the same means an addition was erected in 1851, nearly doubling its capacity. The school-room, a detached building, was erected in 1866, and the main front in 1872. Mr. Kemper began his work without any assistance in the labor of the school-room. In his view a thorough educational system, such as he aimed to practice, required much more of the teacher than mere class work, and hence, only those were fitted to engage in it who had received previous careful training under his own eye, and demonstrated their fitness for what was required. With but two or three excep- tions, his assistants, during his whole professional life, caught the de- tails and the inspiration of his methods by first experimenting them as students. Soon after the founding of the school, he associated with himself HISTORY OV HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 671 the brothers, Tyre C. and James B. Harris. This partnership did not continue long. Other assistants, in the early history of the school, were James and John Chandler, William and Koberdeau Allison, and J. A. Quarles. During two or three years of the civil war, the school was under the joint management of Mr. Kemper and Mr. Edwin Taylor, brother of Mrs. Kemper. During one year, 1867-68, Mr. E. Allison was as- sociated in the management. During the year 1867, Mr. T. A. Johnston, the present princi- pal, entered the school as a student. He is a native of this county ; his family is of Scotch-Irish stock, and one of the pioneer families of the county, having become established here from Tennessee in 1817. After attending the school one year as student he became tutor, though at the same time continuing his studies. In this capacity he continued till September, 1871, when he entered the State university of Missouri, and received the degree of bachelor of arts in 1872. He at once returned to this school and became associate principal. From this period till the death of Mr. Kemper, in 1881, the man- agement was unchanged. The principal assistant teachers during this period, were W. M. Hoge and G. W. Johnston, from 1875 to 1878, and E. L. Yager and J. H. Gauss, 1878 to 1880. After graduating at the State university, in 1880, W. M. Hoge and G. W. Johnston again accepted positions in the school and have remained connected with it ever since. Miss H. C. Hunt, a lady of high culture and large experience in teaching the modern languages, has charge of that branch. Upon the death of Mr. Kemper, in 1881, the school passed ac- cording to previous arrangements, under the control of T. A. John- ston. There was no break of any kind or halt in the prosperity of the school by this change. Its patronage has widened and increased rather than diminished, so that now (1883) the full extent of its ac- commodations is reached, and students are in attendance from nine different states and territories. In many respects the arrangements of this school are peculiar. All of its students are members of the school family and subjected to family authority and discipline. For this purpose all, whether they live far or near, board with the principal. Its primary object is train- ing rather than mere instruction — the making of men rather than encyclopedias of knowledge. The eating, sleeping, exercise, dress, recreation, shopping, church-going and other details of ordinary con- duct are elevated to the rank of duties, having a right and wrong 672 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. way of performance, and their culture is promoted by careful training in proper methods of action in these respects. The students are exclusively boys. In grade, it is a school of secondary instruction. Its aim is to fit students for college ; or if, as is too often the case, the college course is not contemplated, to furnish the best possible substitute for it, preparatory to business life. COOPER INSTITUTE. This institution was founded in the year 1863 by Rev. X. X. Buck- ner, a prominent minister in the Baptist church. Finding his limited salary in the ministry being insufficient to support his growing family, he conceived the idea of teaching, and at first taught a small private school in the country, at the residence of William Eliott. Being suc- cessful as a teacher, he resolved to extend his field of labor, and hence removed his school to Boonville, where he bought school property, and, in September, 1863, started an institution which ranked among the best in the state. There being no other seminary in the city, Mr. Buckner being a man of popular address, and also a practical business man, the school at once became one of the largest in the state, at one time having twenty-five boarders in his family. At the zenith of success Mr. Buckner resolved to again give his en- tire time to the ministry, and hence, in February, 1865, he sold his pro- perty to Rev. S. W. Marston, who succeeded as principal of the school. Mr. Marston continued in the school for three years, which, from various causes, d*id not succeed as under its former principal. Mr. • Marston did a good work, but at the end of three years gave up the school. Then, from September, 1868, to September, J870, the Cooper In- stitute ceased its labors. In the summer of 1870, Anthony Haynes, for many years president of the Elizabeth Aull female seminary, at Lexington, Missouri, moved to Boonville, for the purpose of establishing a first-class semin- ary. He leased the building formerly occupied for the purpose, and in September, 1870, again opened Cooper Institute, which has been in successful operation ever since, a period of thirteen years. After the first year the school was removed to the large Thespian hall building, where the distinguished Colonel Joseph L. Stephens, with marked liberality, had arranged a splendid suite of rooms for the uses of the school. During that year the boarding department was HISTOET OF HOWAKD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 673 kept by the accomplished Mrs. Warfield, and twenty-five boarders at- tended the school. Miss Lou Atwood presided over the music department, at the head of a very large class. At the close of the year 1871, the school was again removed to the building formerly occupied as the Missouri female college. During that year the principal, Mr. Haynes, purchased a lot on Sixth street and built a handsome seminary building of his own, to which he moved the school in September, 1873, and the school has continued in this building since its erection. Since that time the building has been much enlarged, which, combined with Mr. Haynes' family residence, makes one of the most desirable school buildings in the state. The schftol has had as many as thirty-two boarders during a session. This school has continued a successful career of thirteen years, even amid the severest competition and opposition, and now stands upon a permanent basis, more prosperous than ever, with an atten- dence of eighty students. During Mr. Haynes' administration, one thousand pupils have attended the school, and its students are found all over the west, many of whom are settled and at the head of families, in the town where they were educated. Many of the students return each year to visit their alma mater. Till 1877, Mr. Haynes turned out graduating classes, which passed through the course, which was, at that time, generally adopted in most of western female colleges. At that time he ad- vanced his course of study. Incorporated in the course is an extended course of the higher mathematics, and a course of Latin and Greek. The object of the institution under its present administration, is not to make a second rate college, but a first class high school, to pre- pare students for the higher classes in the university. Students have gone from this school, and entered the best eastern colleges, also our state university. The school is not denominational, but is an enterprise inaugu- rated and sustained by the private means and life energies of its principal. Its aim it to prepare its students for the practical walks of life, and hence the aim has always been to be practical in the course of instruction. The people of Boonville and central Missouri have appreciated the work of this school, and have accorded to it a most cordial sup- port. 674 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. HISTORY OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF BOONVILLE. [Prepared by Prof. H. T. Morton.] Directors. — J. L. Stephens, John Bernard, C. W. Sombart, J. A. Eppstein, H. A. Hutchison, J. L. 0'Bryan,Dr. J. B. Holman, J. F. Gmelich, Dr. John Fetzer, George Salvin, E. Koeschel, Dr. D. D. Miles, L. C. Brewster, J. N. Gott, John Cosgrove, W. W. Taliaferro, Samuel Acton. Principals.— J. C. Mason, 1867-69; E. A. Angell, 1869-70; J. C. Mason, 1870-71 ; R. P. Rider, 1871-73 ; W. A. Smiley, 1873-74; S. H. Blewett, 1374-75 ; D. A. McMillan, 1875-82 ; H. T. Morton, 1882 . During the winter of 1866-67 the legislature passed an act authorizing cities, towns and villages to organize for school purposes. This act became a law March 12, 1867, and on the 29th of the same month, Messrs. C. W. Sombart, H. L. Wallace, John Bernard, Thomas Plant, J. L. Stephens, N. Walz, Stephen Weber, J. P. Neef, Jacob Zimmer, E. Roeschel, J. F. Gmelich and John Fetzer signed a call for an election to decide whether the citizens of Boonville would avail themselves of the privilege granted by the recent legisla- tive enactmeut. The election was held April 9, 1867, at which thirty votes were cast, twenty-nine for and one against organization for school purposes. On the 23d of the same month Messrs. John Bernard, J. L. Stephens, C. W. Sombart, J. A. Eppstein, H. A. Hutchison and F. Swap were elected to constitute the board of education. On the 29th of April these gentlemen met and were organized by the election of John Bernard, president, J. L. Stephens, treasurer, and F. Swap, secretary. The schools were opened September 23, 1867, with Joseph C. Mason, principal, and Mrs. Clara Atkinson, Mrs. MaryE. Schaefer, and Miss M. E. McKee, assistants in the school for white children, and S. G. Bundy and wife, Mrs. C. M. Bundy, teachers in that for colored pupils. A building twenty-two feet by sixty, having two stories, and located on Sixth street, was bought of C. H. Allison, for $5,250, for the use of the schools for white children. The enrollment for the year ending June 19, 1868, was 567, dis- tributed as follows : — White males .... 239 White females .... . 138 Whites, total, - - - 377 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 675 Colored males _._-._ . 104 Colored females - - - 95 Colored, total, - 199 Average Attendance : Whites -.--.___ 207 Colored - - - 77 Total, - - 284 The average attendance for the first year was fifty per cent of the enrollment. For the second year, ending June 3, 1869, the enumeration for the town was 951 whites and 351 colored, with an average attendance of 350 white and 150 colored pupils. Six grades were opened during this year. In 1870-71, 514 white pupils were enrolled ; the average attend- ance reached 346. In the colored school 233 were enrolled, and the average attendance was 115. The wings of the school building were finished during the year 1870, affording excellent accommodations for the schools. The eight rooms thus added are well lighted and ventilated, and furnished with im- proved desks. The prejudice against public schools that for the past four years had seriously impeded their progress, was rapidly superseded by a high degree of public confidence and favor. The public school system has too often been condemned on account of defective administration, or the attempt to accomplish too much in a short time. Prominent among the directors of the Boonville city schools was Colonel J. L. Stephens, who served as treasurer from the organiza- tion in 1867 till his death in August, 1881. Doctor F. Swap was sec- retary during the same time. Judge C. W. Sombart has been a di- rector from the organization to this date. Mr. John Bernard was president of the Board from the organization until April 7, 1882. Of the teachers only one has remained in the schools during a long period. Mrs. Mary E. Schaefer has taught from the fall of 1867 to the present time. On May 25, 1883, she completed her sixteenth year in the Boonville schools. Of the principals, Dr. A. McMillan served seven years, no other having remained more thau two. Seven grades seems to have been the maximum until 1882, when the eighth was added, embracing geometry, chemistry, analysis and composition of English history, physiology and elocution. 676 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. For some years there has been a growing demand for a higher course in our public Schools, that those paying large taxes may not find it necessary to send their children to private schools in order to prepare them for college or business. There is need for a more thorough training of our youth in language, mathematics, philosophy and physics — that our schools may be supplied with competent teachers. Pupils trained in ungraded private schools cannot be expected to be qualified to supply the demand of public graded schools. Yet, until the present time, this fact does not seem to have been appreciated by the patrons of our schools. The board of education have not been fully sustained by a vigorous public sentiment, demanding a progressive system. It is hoped that they will take the lead in this direction, and they will find the intel- ligent portion of the community co-operating most cordially with them. Unfortunately our elections are so far under the control of dema- gogues, that men are not elected with reference to their qualifications for office. In this place, however, the school directors seem to have been wisely ehoseu. The excellent buildings provided exhibit a pro gressive and liberal spirit. There is a determination to put our schools in the front rank, and make it unnecessary to send our sons and daughters elsewhere for instruction. Boonville cannot afford to pay large amounts annually to other towns for the education of her youth. This view of public economy is entertained by a majority of the pres- ent board, and may be regarded as a pledge of decided progress for the future. REPORT OF BOONVILLE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Male. Female. Total. Number of white persons in the district between 6 and 20 years of age, ... 493 502 995 Number of colored persons in the district be- 6 and 20 years of age,- ... 80 100 180 Total enumeration white and colored, 573 602 1,175 Total enrollment of white pupils, - - 247 239 486 Total enrollment of colored pupils, - 83 100 183 Total enrollment of white and colored, 330 339 669 Number of pupils enrolled between 6 and 16 years of age, 326 334 660 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES . 677 Number of pupils enrolled between 16 and 20 years of age, Increase in enrollment over last year, - Average number of days' attendance by each pupil enrolled, Number of days school has been taught, - Total number of days' attendance by all pupils, Average number of pupils attending each day, Increase over last year, ------ Number of teachers employed in the district during the year, -- ______ Average salaries of teachers per mouth, - Highest salary paid teachers, - Lowest salary paid teachers, ------ Total salaries paid district officers, teachers and janitors per month, -------- Number of school houses in the district, - - - - Number of pupils that may be seated in the various schools, Number of white schools, ------ Number of colored schools, ------ Average cost per day for tuition on enrollment, Average cost per day on average number belonging. Average cost per day on daily attendance, Value of school property in the district, - Average rate per $100 levied for school purposes in the district, ------- Eate per cent levied for building purposes, for payment of debt and interest, ------ Amount on hand at beginning of school year, Amount received for tuition fees, - - - - - Amount received from public funds (state, county and township), -------- Amount realized from taxation, _ - - - - Amount paid for teachers' wages in the district during the year, Amount paid for fuel in the district during the year, Amount paid for repairs or rent of school houses during year, - Amount paid for apparatus and incidental expenses in the district for the year, ------ Amount expended in defraying past indebtedness, - Balance in hands of treasurer at close of year, SECRET SOCIETIES. Far West lodge, No. 4, I. O. O. F., organized September 29, 1840. Charter members — William Childs, James G. Martin, Noble C. Cunningham, Edward Grey, Hamilton Finney. First officers — William Childs, N. G. ; N. C. Cunningham, V. G. ; J. G. Martin, secretary ; Edward Grey, treasurer. 9 46 134 180 89,280 496 91 9 $42 78 100 00 35 00 415 83| 2 540 1 1 $ .029 .038 .039 30,000 00 .40 .20 1,242 61 20 75 1,429 60 8,935 59 3,780 00 147 69 94 16 175 85 4,843 45 806 40 678 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Present officers — Johu Waterman, N. G. ; C. F. Arpe, V. G. ; Charles L. Vollrath, recording secretary ; C. Stommerjohn, presid- ing secretary; J. S. Barth, treasurer. This lodge celebrated the first anniversary of the order in 1843. We clip the following from the Boonville Observer of September 20, 1843 : — ODD FELLOWS' CELEBRATION. We witnessed the anniversary celebration of the Odd Fellows' lodge in this city, on Friday last, with more than usual interest. The day was most propitious for such an occasion. It was as calm and clear as ever the bright sun of heaven favored with its autumnual beams, which lent splendor and solemnity to the beautiful appearance of the procession as it marched from the Odd Fellows' hall, accom- panied by an excellent band of music. The procession marched through several streets of the city, thence to the Methodist church, where the ceremonies were truly interesting. The oration of the Eev. Mr. Linn, of St. Louis, was one of the best we have ever heard on such an occasion ; and the music most creditable to the band, which came up from Jeffei'son Barracks in the same company with the rev- erend gentleman. Olive Branch lodge, No. 36, I. 0. G. F. Chartered September 16, 1848. Officers — Joseph Megquire, N. G. ; Andrew Gibson, V. G. ; N. C. Peters, treasurer; W. W. Norris, secretary. Charter members — Joseph Megquire, J. L. Tracy, Andrew Gib- son, William Henning, J. L. O' Bryan, W. W- Norris, N.C.Peters, H. M. Clark and Allen Hammond. Present officers — J. B. Holland, N. G. ; F. W. Smith, V. G. ; J. S. Nicholson, secretary; L. H. Stahl, permanent secretary. Cooper lodge, No. 36, A. F. and A. M, obtained its charter October 9, 1841. Names of charter members — C. W.D.Johnson, Andrew Gibson, William Harley, B. C. Clark, G. W. Caton, G. C. Hartt, John Kelly, John Dade, Joseph N. Laurie, John Lynch, A. H. Neal, Reuben Leveridge, R. D. Shackleford, Thompson Moore, John Sites. Present officers — John F. Rogers, W. M. ; William R. Baker, S. W. ; M. W. Hall, J. W. ; W. F. Howard, S. D. ; C. L. Glasscock, J. D. ; W. R. Hutchison, treasurer; A. Mars, secretary; O. D. Edwards, tyler. Number of members, 80. Boonville Royal Arch Chapter No. 60. — The charter was granted October 6, 1870, to George R. Keill, H. P. ; M. J. Wertheimer, king; and William Harley, scribe. HISTORY OF HOWAKD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 679 Present officers — W. F. Howard, H. P. ; A. D. Howard, king; John L. O'Bryan, scribe ; M. W. Hall, C. H. ; S. W. Ravenel, R. A. C. ; D. W. Shackelford, P. S. ; W. S. Stephens, M. 3d V. ; J. F. Rogers, M. 2d V. ; Henry Woolfort, M. 1st V. ; O. D. Edwards, G. Boonville Encampment, No. 7, I. O. O. F, organized June 16, 1848, by P. C. P., S. H. Allen, with the following charter members: William Childs, A. H. Thompson, John R. Bagwell, A. Kueckelhan, H. L. Wallace, Jacob Harger, and J. M. Edgar. First officers — William Childs, C. P. ; A. H. Thompson, H. P. ; John R. Bagwell, S. W. ; H. L. Wallace, J. W. ; J. M. Edgar, scribe ; Jacob Harger, treasurer. Present officers — Joseph L. Hasel, C. P. ; John Waterman, H. P. ; John Cosgrove, S. W. ; W. Speed Stephens, J. W. ; August Schaefer, scribe ; Nicholas Walz, treasurer. Boonville Uniform Degree Camp. — Instituted January 18, 1883, by grand patriarch, Charles Vogel, with the following charter mem- bers: J. T. Gmelich, John P. Neef, Samuel Acton, C. J. Walden, James H. Johnston, Robert Mai-ks, Herman Cohn, John C. Gross, John S. Dauwalter, Joseph Barth, W. C. Culverhouse. Present officers — J. T. Gmelich, commander ; James H. John- ston, vice-commander ; Robert Marks, picket ; Samuel Acton, O. G. ; Herman Cohn, secretary ; N. Walz, treasurer. Vine Clad Lodge, No. 136, A. O. U. W., organized June 5, 1879. Charter members — F. Sauter, W. R. Hutchison, A. P. Speed, C. W. Hazel, H. R. Edgar, G. B. Stoner, R. L. Moore, Theo. Broesele, Gustave Lang, Benj. Beha, W. E. Evans, J. C. Phelps, C. F. Wagner, A. M. Koontz, S. E. Phelps, C. J. Burger, W. L. Mar- shall, F. C. Weinig, George W. Sahm, C. L. Brenizen. Present members — C. W. Hazel, past master workman; W. R. Hutchison, master workman; J. C. Phelps, general foreman; F. Sauter, overseer ; Theo. Broesele, recorder ; R. L. Moore, finan- cier ; C. L. Brenizen, receiver ; G. B. Stoner, guide ; Benjamin Beha, inside watchman ; Gustave Lang, outside watchman ; W. E. Evans, medical examiner; W. R. Hutchisou, F. Sauter, G. B. Stoner, ex- amining committee; A. P. Speed, C. W. Hazel, Gustave Lang, trustees. Boonville Turn and Gesang society, is a consolidation of the Boonville Turn Verein and the Boonville Maennerchor, reorganized and incorporated in January, 1869. This society meets at Thespian hall, and numbers 115 members, who meet to sing, to exercise in gymnastics, and to enjoy themselves generally. 680 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Present officers are : John P. Neef, first speaker ; Carl C. Bell, second speaker ; Fred Tanter, first secretary ; Emil Huber, second secretary ; William , financier ; John Durr, treasurer. MAYORS OF BOONVILLE FROM 1840 TO 1883. Marcus Williams, 1840 ; William Childs, 1842 ; John S. Mc- Farland, 1844; William Childs, 1846; David Andrews, 1847; C. H. Smith, 1848 ; J. Eice, 1849 ; E. B. McPherson, 1850-51 ; John Andrews, 1852 ; H. B. Benedict, 1853-54-55 ; H. B. Brant, 1856; H. E. W. McDearman, from 1857 to 1864; Jesse H. Pavey, 1865-66 ; H. L. Wallace, 1867-68 ; Milo Blair, 1869-70 ; H. B. Benedict, 1871 ; Milo Blair, 1872 ; R. B. Newman, 1873 ; Milo Blair, 1874 ; T. B. Wright, 1875 ; J. F. Gmelich, from 1876 to 1880. PRESENT CITY OFFICERS, (1883). •J. L. O'Bryan, mayor ; Franklin Swap, register ; Louis Stahl treasurer; W. G. Pentelton, attorney; W.W. Trent, assessor; Wil- liam H. Harrison, street commissioner; H. B. Holland, marshal. council, 1883. J. C. Gross, at large ; James Mitchell, First ward ; C. C. Bell, Second ward ; A. P. Speed, Third ward ; Marcus Lohse, Fourth ward ; Samuel H. Johnson, Fifth ward ; J. C. Wells, Sixth ward. APPOINTED OFFICERS, 1883. Dr. Cooper, health officer ; Joseph Meyer, sexton ; J. H. Stephens, weigh master ; B. F. Goodman, police ; John Street, police. BUSINESS OF BOONVILLE, (1883). Three ( exclusively ) dry goods Nine dry goods and groceries. stores. Three groceries (exclusively). Six confectioneries and restau- Two banks. rants. Four newspapers. Four boot and shoe stqires (exclu- Five drug stores. sively). Two jewelers. Four merchant tailors. Three tailors. Four farm machinery and imple- Three furniture stores. ment stores. One hardware (exclusively). One book store (exclusively). Four carriage manufactories. Four millinery stores. One cigar and tobacco store. Three tin and stove stores. Two cooper shops. HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 681 Two saddlers and harness makers. Two shoemakers. Two undertakers. Six blacksmiths. Three mills. One crockery establishment. Two boarding houses. Two dentists. Four printing offices. Ten churches ; nine Protestant. Three lumber yards. Four butchers. Five carpenters and builders. One marble works. Two brass and one string band. One large (Thespian) hall. Two depots. Telephonic and telegraphic facili- ties. It will be seen that Boonville of business interests, representing sions of this part of Missouri. One news stand. Four sewing machine agents. Three photographers. Ten saloons. One tan yard. Five hotels. Five barbers. Ten physicians. One machine shop. Ten lawyers. Five secret orders. Two gunsmiths. Three painters. Three livery stables. Six schools. Three wine cellars. One express company. One gas works. contains nearly 200 different kinds about all the industries and profes- CHAPTEE V. BLACKWATER, CLARK'S FORK AND CLEAR CREEK TOWNSHIPS. Blackwater Township — Boundary — Physical Features — Early Settlers — Clark's Fork Township — Boundary — Physical Features — Early Settlers — Clear Creek Township — Boundary — Physical Features — Early Settlers. BLACKWATER BOUNDARY. This township is a peninsula, being almost entirely surrounded by the Lamine and Blackwater rivers. It is bounded on the north by Lamine township, from which it is separated by the Blackwater river; on the east and south by Pilot Grove and Clear Creek townships, from which it is separated by the Lamine river, and on the west by Saline and Pettis counties. PHYSICAL FEATURES. Besides the two streams mentioned (Lamine and Blackwater), there are a number of smaller water courses among which is Heath's creek, all of which water the township in many different localities. The soil is rich and exceedingly productive. The bottom land is low and swampy, and the ridge land fertile and susceptible of early cultivation. In the bottom, corn and timothy are grown in large quantities ; on the ridge land, corn, wheat, oats, tobafcco, potatoes and all kinds of garden vegetables are produced in great abundance. The different kinds of wood are ash, beach, black oak, black walnut, cherry, cottonwood, elm, maple, hickory, redbud, sugar tree, white oak and white walnut. The minerals which are found in this township are iron, which appears in large deposits, and lead, which crops out on every hillside. There are, in this township, six salt and a great number of fresh water springs. Salt was successfully manufactured at these springs as early as 1808, and from that time till 1836 the manufacture of it was carried on pretty extensively by Heath, Bailey, Christie, Allison and others. (682) F'/ HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 683 EARLY SETTLERS. William Christie and John G. Heath temporarily settled in this township in 1808, but only remained long enough to manufacture a small quantity of salt, when they returned down the river. James Broch, the first permanent settler, arrived in 1816 ; Enoch Hambrich came in 1817 ; David Shellcraw, in 1818, and planted an acre of cot- ton which yielded very well. George Chapman, the father of Mrs. Caleb Jones, came in 1818; Nathaniel T.Allison, Sr., in 1831; Fleming Marshall and Robert Clark, in 1832 ; Nathaniel Bridgewater, in 1835, and Edmund M. Cobb and Larkin T. Dix, in 1838. clark's fork township — boundary. Bounded on the north by Boonville township ; on the east by Prairie Home and Saline ; on the south by Moniteau and Kelly, and on the west by Palestine township. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The township is watered by Clark's Fork, with its tributaries, and the tributaries of the Petite Saline creek. There is possibly more prairie in this township, than in any other township in the county. EARLY SETTLERS. Prom the best information that can be obtained, John Glover was the first settler of this township, he having located there in the year 1813. He built a log cabin on the south bank of the Petite Saline creek, and cleared a few acres of ground near where Rankin's mill now stands, but nothing is known of his history. The next settlers were Zepheniah Bell and John C. Rochester. The last named gentleman was a grandson of the founder of the city of Rochester, New York, who, having lost a princely fortune by hav- ing to pay a large security debt, sought seclusion by emigrating to this country and the society of the people who required nothing save honesty and industry to admit a person into their social circles. He married Miss Sallie Kelly, a beautiful and accomplished lady, the daughter of James Kelly, who was an honored soldier of the revolu- tion. He was well educated considering the times, and his occupa- tion was that of a farmer. He died in the township many years ago. Mr. Bell was also a farmer, a good citizen and an bonest man. He has been dead many years. Some of the other old citizens were Joshua H. Berry, William Bead, William and Reuben George, Clayton Hurt, Samuel Carpenter, 684 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Edward, Andrew and Charles Robertson, James, Robert and Joh Johnston, Samuel, Robert and William Drinkwater, Gabriel Tits- worth, William Shipley, Acrey Hurt, Peter Carpenter, George Craw- ford, George W. Weight and Martin Jennings. George Crawford was the first assessor of Cooper county, which office he filled for many years. He was also a member of the legis- lature from this county. Judge George W. Weight was born in Dutchess county, New York, on the 22d day of February, 1784. When quite young, having been, by the death of his parents, left alone in the world, he emigrated to West Virginia, and from thence to Ross county, Ohio, where he married Miss Elizabeth Williams. In 1820 he, with his family, moved to Howard county, Missouri. In 1822 he settled in Clark's Fork township, Cooper county, and lived there until his death, which occurred on the 29th day of January, 1857. He taught school in West Virginia, Ohio and Cooper county. He was a good violinist, and in his early days taught dancing school, He was judge of the county court and county surveyor of Cooper county for many years. He also represented the county in the state legislature. It will be observed that some of the old settlers mentioned above really lived in that part of Clark's Fork township which was lately annexed to Boonville township. The Petite Saline creek was formerly the dividing line between the townships above mentioned, and but little information as to the location of the old settlers in respect to this dividing line could be obtained. It may be safely stated that the average farming land within this township is equally as productive as that of any other in the county. There is a little poor land in the township, but the farmers are gen- erally prosperous. There is no town located within its limits. CLEAR CREEK TOWNSHIP BOUNDARY. Clear Creek township is bounded on the north by the Lamine river or Blackwater township ; on the east by Pilot Grove and Palestine townships, and on the south by Lebanon and Otterville townships. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The surface of this township is exceedingly rough in the northern and western portions of the same, but in the southern and eastern portions there are some fine farms, embracing some of the richest lands in the county. The township is still well timbered, and is pene- trated by the Lamine river and numerous smaller streams. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 685 EARLY SETTLEMENT. Among the early settlers of this township was James Taylor, who had three sons, William, John and James. He emigrated from the state of Georgia to New Madrid, Missouri, where he witnessed the long series of earthquakes which oocurred in 1811 ; from thence he moved to Cooper county in the year 1817. He had a large plantation, raised and always had on hand large quantities of corn, upon which, when cribbed, he placed a certain price, and would not dispose of it until he could get for it what he asked. He was a very eccentric, plain, matter of fact kind of man, and was charitable to such as would work, but he had no patience with a lazy, trifling or profligate person. He was also a good judge of human nature. At one time when corn was very scarce throughout the county, and very little could be had for love or money, two men came to Mr. Tay- lor's house asking to purchase some corn, of which he had a large quantity, on credit, as neither of them had any money with which to pay. One was very poorly dressed, with his pants torn off below his knees, and what there was remaining of them patched all over. The other was almost elegantly dressed. Mr. Taylor sold the poorly dressed man, on credit, all the corn he wished. He told the other one that " he could get no corn there, unless he paid the money for it, and that if he had saved the money which he had squandered for his fine clothes he would have had sufficient to pay cash for the corn." He had a large number of negroes, and required them during the day to perforin a great deal of work. Shovel plows were mostly used in his day, and the wooden mole board just coming into use. It is related that the shovels of Mr. Taylor's plows had, at one time, worn off very blunt, and he was averse to buying new ones, so that one negro man plowed once around a field before he discovered that he had lost the dull shovel to his plow, the plow running just as well without as with it. He was a leader in the Baptist church, and was a devoted member, a kind neighbor and a strictly honest man. Jordan O'Bryan, a son-in-law of James Taylor, was also one of the early settlers of this township. He was born in North Carolina, moved to Kentucky when young, andto Cooper county in 1817. As will be seen, he was elected to the state legislature in 1822, 1826, 1834 and 1840, eight years in all ; in 1844 he was elected state senator for four years. He was a fluent speaker, a man of no ordinary talents, and an uncompromising whig. In about 1830 he removed to Saline township, where he remained until his death. 45 .686 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Charles E.Berry, the father of Finis E. Berry, Isaac Ellis and Hugh and Alexander Brown, are among the oldest citizens ; others of a later date were Herman Bailey, William Ellis, Samuel "Walker, A. S. Walker, H. K. Walker, Finis E. Berry, James and Samuel Mahan, the Rubeys, Jeremiah, William G. and Martin G. Phillips, Samuel Forbes, Ragan Berry, Hiram Dial, Samuel and Bice Hughes and Willis Ellis. Lamine river, the bottom lands of which are very fertile, forms the boundary line between this and Black water townships. The greater part of the population arc Germans, who have proved themselves to be a very industrious and thrifty people. They have mostly settled on the hills which the Americans thought too poor to cultivate, and have made them " bud and blossom as the rose." They have succeeded in raising good crops, made good livings and have been generally pros- perous and happy. In the hills they cultivate the grape very success- fully, and a large amount of wine is manufactured here every year. The Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroad runs about five miles through this township, furnishing the inhabitants transportation for their sur- plus productions. CHAPTER VI. KELLY TOWNSHIP. Boundary— Physical Features— Early Settlers — Churches — Schools — Mills — The Township Democratic — Bunceton — Its History — Secret Orders. BOUNDARY. This township is bounded on the north by Palestine and Clark's Fork townships, on the east by Moniteau township, on the south by Moniteau county and on the west by Lebanon township. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The surface of the township, as compared to Lamine, Blackwater, Otterville and Lebanon townships, is quite regular and consists, in the main, of prairie, diversified with timbered portions of small area. Moniteau creek with its many tributaries, extends through two-thirds of the township from east to west, and Petite Saline creek, waters a portion of the western part of the same. The township was named iu honor of John Kelly, one of* its old and most respected pioneers. EARLY SETTLERS. This township, from the best information which can be obtained, was settled early in the spring of 1818. The first settlers were John Kelly, William Stephens, James D. Campbell, James Kelly, William J. Kelly, Caperton Kelly, William Jennings, General Charles Woods, Philip E. Davis, Kice Challis, Hugh Morris, Jesse White, Hartley White, Jeptha Billingsley, Joshua Dellis and William Swearingen. James Kelly, who was one of the first settlers in this township, and the father of the other Kellys mentioned above, was a revolution- ary soldier, and died in 1840, at an advanced age. John Kelly, Charles Woods and James D. Campbell, served as soldiers in the war of 1812. The Kellys came from Tennessee, and James D. Campbell from Kentucky. William Jennings, who was the first preacher in the township, emigrated from Georgia to Cooper county in 1819. He had a large (687) 688 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. number of slaves, owned a large tract of land and was quite wealthy. He was for many years pastor of " Old Nebo " church, and was an honest man in his dealings with his neighbors. James D. Campbell was an early justice of the county court and acted in the capacity of justice of the peace for many years. He was a prominent politician, always voting the democratic ticket. General Charles Woods was for many years the leading democrat in his neighborhood. He was a man of no ordinary ability, of pleas- ing address, and a liberal, high-toned gentleman. He died in 1874, at the advanced age of seventy-eight years. Joseph Reavis settled in this township iu the year 1823. He, together with his sons, Lewis, "William T., Jackson and Johnston, for many years carried on the business of manufacturing wagons. They turned out excellent work, and their trade extended for many miles around, their wagons even being purchased by the Santa Fe traders. James L. Collins, who fitted out ten wagons in 1834, for Santa Fe, bought his wagons of Joseph Reavis. Of the persons mentioned above, all are now numbered with the dead, except Johnston and William T. Reavis, and they were quite young when their father settled in this township. There was no church within the limits of this township for many years, and the settlers attended the services at Pisgah and " Old Nebo." The first school within this township of which there is any knowl- edge, was taught by Joseph S. Anderson, who came here about 1824. He was a young man with more than ordinary education, whose only earthly possessions were a horse, saddle and bridle, and a moderately good suit of clothes. A good school teacher being very much needed, he soon succeeded in making up a large school, and taught with,great success until 1828, when he was elected sheriff of Cooper county. In 1830 he was re-elected sheriff, and in 1832, he was elected to the legislature from Cooper county. Previous to his death, he became a large land holder and quite a wealthy man. His residence was on the hill north of Bunceton. The place at which he taught school was near the ground on which Hopewell church is located. For many years afterwards a school was taught at the same place, by Mr. William Robertson, who was a most successful teacher. He has been for many years a very zealous minister of the Baptist church. The first mill in this township was built by Robert McCulloch, the father of Judge Robert A. McCulloch. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 689 Rice Challis was a prominent whig, and in respect to his politics stood almost alone in his neighborhood. He was a carpenter by trade, and resided near the present residence of Joseph Eeavis. He died a few years ago. The soil of this township is very productive, and the farmers are generally in good condition, many of them being wealthy. The Pacific railroad is a short distance south of the township, and the Osage Valley and Southern Kansas railroad runs eight miles directly through its centre, affording the inhabitants easy facilities for the shipping of their products. Corn, grasses and oats, are the principal productions, the farmers being generally engaged in raising stock, which affords them lucrative profits. It has, within its limits, several good public schools, which are taught from four to ten months in each year. Kelly township always was and is now strongly democratic, never having voted any other ticket from the time that party was headed by General Jackson to the present day. This township was formed from Moniteau and Palestine townships in 1848. BUNCETON. Bunceton is situated on sections 4 and 5, township 46, range 17, and on the east side of the Missouri Pacific railroad. It was laid out in 1868, by Harvey Bunce, Esq., one of the di- rectors (at present) of the Central National bank of Boonville. He laid out ten acres of land lying in Kelly township, and the first build- ing was erected by E. B. Bunce. In 1869, Mr. Thomas J. Parrish added ten acres from Palestine township, making twenty acres in the town site. Lots so.ld rapidly, and soon after the depot of the Mis- souri Pacific railroad was located here, with E. B. Bunce as agent. In 1871, the county court set all of the town in Kelly township. The first business house was erected by J. E. Stephens and E. B. Bunce. Sheriff Eogers and J. M. Stephens soon afterwards built several stores, and in 1869 a handsome and commodious depot was erected by the railroad company. The Bunceton mill (flouring) was built in 1874, by Miller, Eog- ers & Co., at a cost of $15,000. It is now in successful operation, having a capacity of about 200 barrels every twenty-four hours. The town has a population of about 250 persons, and is sur- rounded by excellent farming lands, and favored with a class of people noted for their wealth and general intelligence. The business of the town is as follows : Two drug stores, two general stores, four grocei'ies, one millinery store, two blacksmith 690 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. shops, two physicians, one lumber yard, one livery stable, one car- penter's shop, one public school, and one flouring mill. The first postmaster was Henry Withers ; the present postmaster is G. L. Stephens. There are two churches and two secret orders. Wallace lodge No. 456, A. F. and A. M., was organized October, 1872, with the following charter members : Wesley J. Wyan, W. M. ; William V. Van Ostern, S. W. ; J. W. Kankin, J. W. ; Joshua E. Stephens, secretary, and Thomas J. Wallace, treasurer. Present officers — K. F. Wyan, W. M. ; C. P. Tutt, S. W. ; Peter Keyset-, J. W- ; W. B. Kerns, S. D. ; O. F. Ewing, J. D. ; Thomas J. Wallace, treasurer ; N. Phillips, secretary. The Eastern Star lodge was organized in July, 1875 (Olive Chapter No. 107), by H. G. Reynolds. The officers were: S. H. Stephens, W. P. ; A. D. Nelson, W. M. ; M. S. Wallace, A. M. ; M. E. Stephens, A. C. ; Wyan Nelson, treasurer ; J. A. Ramsey, secre- tary. This organization has at this time (1883) no existence. CHAPTER VII. L AMINE AND MONITEAU TOWNSHIPS. Boundary — Physical Features — Early Settlers — Churches— Schools — Mills. LAMINE TOWNSHIP BOUNDARY. This township is situated in the northeastern part of Cooper county, and is separated from Howard county by the Missouri river. It is bounded on the north by the Missouri river, on the east by Boon- ville township, on the south by Pilot Grove and Blackwater town- ships and on the west by Saline county. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The surface of the township is rolling and originally covered with a heavy growth of timber. The soil is comparatively rich, and in some localities is very productive. The most substantial farmers are found in the eastern and southern portions. Three sides of the town- ship are surrounded by water. EARLY SETTLERS. The township was settled first in 1812, by a few pioneers. The very first settlers were David Jones, a revolutionary soldier, Thomas and James McMahan, Stephen, Samuel and Jesse Turley, Saundera Townsend and some others, who came soon afterwards. Those who arrived later were John Cramer, Bradford Lawless, John M., David and William Keid, Hezekiah Harris, Elijah Taylor, John, Peter, Samuel and Joseph Fisher, William and Jesse Moon, Rudolph Haupe, Isaac Hedrick, John Smelser, William McDaniel, Wyant Parm, Harmon Smelser, Samuel Larnd, Pethnel Foster, Julius Burton, Ezekiel Williams, and some others at present unknown. In the year 1812 or 1813 there was a fort, called " Fort Mc- Mahan," built somewhere in this township, but the exact location could not be ascertained. The township is noted for being one of the most wealthy town- ships in the county. It is noted also for voting always almost unani- mously one way ; it was anti-democratic until 1864, since which time it has been almost as strongly democratic as it was whig in days gone by. (691) 692 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Lead has been found and worked in paying quantities in this township. It has an abundance of timber of the very best quality, and a large quantity of lumber and cord-wood is shipped every year by means of the Blackwater and Lam ine rivers. These streams abound with fish of very fine quality, and the Boonville market is principally supplied by them. LAMINE. The first business house was erected in the village of Lamiue in 1869, by Samuel Walton ; the next house was built by A. J. Fisher. The present store was opened in November, 1871, by Redd & Gib- son. J. J. Simms, is the blacksmith, and Dr. E. Davidson operates the drug store. Redd & Gibson's store was broken into in February, 1881, the safe blown open and about $700 in money taken. The town contains a Christian and Baptist church. Mr. Redd is the pres- ent postmaster. MONITEAU TOWNSHIP. BOUNDARY. Moniteau township lies in the eastern part of the county, and is bounded as follows : On the north, by Clark's Fork and Prairie Home > townships, on the east and south by Moniteau county, and on the west by Kelly township. This township first embraced what is now Prairie Home township, and assumed its present form in 1872. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The surface is divided into three portions, viz. : A comparatively level portion in the north, being widest at the western side ; a tim- bered, rough country in the centre, and a level district in the south, being the widest at the eastern side. Moniteau creek, from which the township derived its name, passes through the central portion of the same from east to west. EARLY SETTLERS. About the first settler was one Mr. Shelton, a blacksmith, who settled in 1818, where the town of Pisgah now stands. He could re- pair guns, as well as do the heavier work demanded of him, and though his tools were rude in structure and few in number, his work is highly spoken of, and drew to his shop a custom which extended far and near, as he was the only blacksmith in the county, outside of Boon- ville. Among other early settlers were Thomas B. Smiley, Seth Joseph, Waid and Stephen Howard, William Coal, James Stiuson, Hawking Burress, David Burress, Charles Hickox, Samuel McFarland, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 693 Carrol George, James Suodgrass, Martin George, Mathew Burress, Jesse Martin, Alexander Woods, William Landers, Jesse Bowles, James Donelson, William A. Stillson, Samuel Snodgrass, James W. Maxey, Job Martin, James Jones, David Jones, Augustus K. Lono-an, Patrick Mahan, Valentine Martin, John Jones and John B. Lono-an. Thomas B. Smiley was elected to the legislature from Cooper county in 1820, with Thomas Rogers and William Lillard. He was a man of considerable information, a good historian, and possessed with more than ordinary education. He raised a large family of chil- dren, and died about the year 1836. He was honest and industrious, a strong friend to education, and an uncompromising democrat. David Jones settled at Pisgah at an early date, but the precise time is not known. Yet it was previous to, the year 1820, as his vote was recorded in that year. He, with Archibald Kavanaugh, was elected to the state legislature in 1828. He was re-elected representa- tive in 1830, 1832 and 1834 ; in 1836 he was elected state senator for four years. He was defeated for this office by Reuben A. Ewing in 1840 ; but in 1848 he was again elected to the state senate, this makino- him a member of the general assembly during a period of sixteen years. He was a Democrat, a prominent member of the Baptist church, a good citizen, and noted for his hospitality. He died about the year 1859, loved and respected by all who knew him. Pisgah and Mount Pleasant churches were built by the Baptists at an early day, and were presided over by John B. Longan and Kemp Scott, who were both able preachers. Augustus K. Longan moved to Cooper county in the year 1818, and was elected to the state legislature in 1822. He was re-elected in 1844 and 1852, and served in that capacity for six years. He was the father of George Longan, the talented and distinguished minister of the Christian church. The first school in this township, as far as can be ascertained, was taught by James Donelson. He only professed to teach arithme- tic as far as the " double rule of three." The first mill was erected by a man named Howard, at what was afterwards known as " Old Round hill." Judge C. H. Smith and an Englishman named Summers also kept a store at that place. At a later day, Patrick Mahan built a tread-mill, which was a great improvement on the old style " horse mill." Mr. Richard D. Bonsfield kept a store at Pisgah at an early date. He first engaged in mercantile pursuits at Old Franklin, then at Boonville, and finally at Pisgah. He was still living at an advanced age a few years ago. CHAPTEK VIII. LEBANON TOWNSHIP. Boundary — Physical Features — Settlement of Lebanon Township — New Lebanon — Early Settlers — Where They Were Prom — Where They Located. BOUNDARY. Lebanon township is bounded on the north by Clear Creek and Palestine townships, on the east by Kelly township, on the south by Morgan county, and on the west by Otterville township. This town- ship was organized about the year 1826, but afterwards — in fact, a few years ago — all that portion of the same lying west of the La- mine river was formed into a township and called Otterville. PHYSICAL FEATURES. In the western part of the township the surface is rough and heavily timbered, but fine stretches of prairie and rolling land exist in the southern and eastern part. It is fairly watered. SETTLEMENT OF LEBANON TOWNSHIP. The following interesting history of the townships of Lebanon and Otterville was written by Mr. Thomas J. Starke, of Otterville, and was read by him on the 4th day of July, 1876, at a meeting of the citizens of that town. As it embraces the history of the two town- ships, we will here insert it in full. "At the solicitation of a few leading citizens of Otterville, I have prepared the following brief history of this place and vicinity since its first settlement up to the present time ; embracing short biographical sketches of the lives and characters of some of the older citizens, to- gether with facts and incidents of interest which have transpired in this county during the first period of its existence. " It is not pretended by the author that the production possesses any peculiar methods of its own as affording information other than of a strictly local character. Nor is it designed otherwise than for the entertainment and amusement of those who are more or less fa- miliar with the history of the people and incidents pertaining to this (694) HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 695 immediate neighborhood, and who, with many others of our inhabi- tants of a later period, meet with us to-day on this joyful and happy occasion — the one hundredth anniversary of the independence of our common country. "The writer does not lay claim to entire originality in the pro- duction of these brief sketches, although he has been an eye-witness to most of the occurrences presented, and personally acquainted with nearly all of the characters mentioned. " He takes pleasure in acknowledging- himself indebted to Messrs. Samuel Wear, George W. Smith, James H. Cline, John W. Parsons, Thomas C. Cranmer and other old settlers who are here among us to-day, for much of the subject matter embraced in these pages of local history, and he refers to them for its authenticity. " While it is apparent to all who may read this manuscript that this is only an obscure and insignificant village, situated in a remote corner of old Cooper, whose very existence is scarcely known beyond our own immediate neighborhood, yet to many of us who meet here to-day, some of whom are descending the western slope of human life, Ofcterville does possess a name and a history, dear to us, though unknown and unnoticed by others. " In presenting these sketches, it will perhaps be necessary to glance back at the first settlement of New Lebanon, six miles north of Otterville, as this neighborhood was peopled some time anterior to the settlements south and west of the Lamine. "About the fall of 1819 and the spring of 1820, the following named persons moved to New Lebanon, and into that neighborhood embracing a portion of the territory now known as Lebanon town- ship, in Cooper county. " Eev. Finis Ewing, Rev. James L. Wear, John Wear, James H. Wear, who was the father of William Gr. Wear, of Warsaw, and Samuel Wear, now of Otterville ; Alexander Sloan, Eobert Kirk- patrick, Colin C. Stoneman, William Stone, Frederick Casteel, Reu- ben A. Ewing, Jas. Berry, Thomas Rubey, Elizabeth Steele, sister of Alexander Sloan's wife, a man aamed Smiley, Rev. Laird Burns and his father, John Burns, John Reed, Silas Thomas, Jas. Taylor, Hugh Wear, who was brother to James L. and John Wear, James Mc- Farland and Rev. William Kavanaugh. This county then extended south to the Osage river. "The Rev. Finis Ewing was a distinguished minister of the gos- pel, and one of the original founders of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. He was from Kentucky ; was ordained a minister in the year 696 t HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1803, and in conjunction with Samuel McAdam and Samuel King, founded that church in 1810. " The cause which gave rise to the establishment of this branch of the Presbyterian church was, that the mother church required her ministers to possess a classical education before ordination, which was by the new church not regarded as absolutely indispensable, though its ministers were required to cultivate a knowledge of the elementary branches of the English language. "At New Lebanon these early pioneers pitched their tents, and soon began the erection of a rude building as a sanctuary, which, when completed, they called 'New Lebanon,' in contradistinction to the house in which they had sung and worshipped in the state from which they had formerly emigrated. " It was built of hewed logs, and the settlers of this little colony united in the project of building, each furnishing his proportionate quota of the logs requisite to complete the building. " These logs were double ; that is, each log was twenty-four feet in length, being joined hi the middle of the house by means of an up- right post, into which the ends were mortised, thus making the entire length of the church forty-eight feet, by thirty feet in width. " This building served as a place of worship for many years, until about the time of the war, when the new and neat brick church of the present day, was erected on the site of the old one which was torn away. " The members of this church constituted the prevailing religion of the neighborhood for many years, and most of the characters por- trayed herein were connected with this denomination. " The Rev. James L. Wear was also for many years a Cumber- and Presbyterian preacher. He was a good man, and lived close to- New Lebanon, where Frank Asberry now lives. He died at the old mansion about 1868. He was a brother of John Wear, who first lived at New Lebanon at the place now owned by Mr. Majors, and after- wards at Otterville where Mr. Anson Hemenway now lives. The first school taught in Otterville, or in Otterville township, was taught by his son, known by the sobriquet of ' Long George.' They were originally from Kentucky, moved to Howard county in 1817, and af- terwards to New Lebanon at the date above indicated. " Samuel Wear, Sr. , and James H. Wear were brothers, and came from Tennessee, the latter being the father of William G. and Samuel Wear, Jr., as before stated, and lived at the place now occupied by William Walker. He was a successful farmer, and died in good cir- cumstances. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 697 '* Samuel Wear, Si'., lived where Wesley Cook now lives, and sold a large farm there to Samuel Burke, late of this county. " Alexander Sloan was from Kentucky, and settled the place now owned hy Peter Spillers. He was the father of William Sloan, who died at Otterville several years ago, and also of the Rev. Robert Sloan, who was an eminent minister of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, and who married a daughter of the Rev. Finis Ewing. " Robert Kirkpatrick was a Kentuckian, and lived near the new Lebanon graveyard. He died many years ago. He was a revolution- ary soldier, and had a son named David, who was an able minister of the Cumberland church. David met his death by accident ; he was thrown from a carriage, severely wounded, and afterwards died from the amputation of his leg. "Colin C. Stoneman was from Kentucky, and lived at the old cabin still to be seen standing near Andrew Foster's place. He was a practitioner of medicine of the Thomsonian school, and died many years ago. " William Stone was a Kentuckian, a plain old farmer, and lived on the farm now owned by the Rev. Minor Neale. He was a good man, and died at an advanced age. "Rev. Frederick Casteel was a minister of the gospel of the Methodist church, and lived near the place now owned by Mrs. Abram Amick. " Reuben A. Ewing and his brother, Irving Ewing, were Kentuck- ians, and lived east of Lebanon. The former was a successful farmer, a good man, and died at an advanced age, honored and respected. " James Berry was also a Kentuckian, and one of the oldest set- tlers of this new colony. He lived where his son Finis E. Berry now lives. Thomas Rubey was from Kentucky, and lived at Pleasant Green . Henry Small lived at the Vincent Walker place. "Mr. Smiley was also a Kentuckian, and settled where Mr. Thomas Alexander now lives. Rev. Laird Burns was a Cumberland Presbyterian preacher, and lived where Mr. John P. Downs now lives, in what is known as the Ellis neighborhood. " John Burns was his brother, and lived close to New Lebanon. He was a soldier in the war with Great Britain, was present at the battle of New Orleans, aud would often talk with pride about that great event, of the fearful roaring of the cannon, of the sharp whist- ling of the bullets and the thrilling echoes of martial music, which stirred the hearts of the soldiers to deeds of valor, and enabled the brave army of General Jackson to achieve the glorious victory which ended the war with ' Old England.' 698 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. "Rev. John Reid was also another minister of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, a Kentuckian ; he first lived on Honey creek, and afterwards at so many different places, that for want of space in this brief sketch I dare not undertake to enumerate them. Suffice it to say, that he settled more new places in the neighborhood than any half dozen pioneers of the infant colony. He was a very eccentric character in his younger days, would fight at the ' drop of a hat,' and was never known to meet his match in a hand to hand combat. The writer of this sketch was intimately acquainted with him for many years, during the latter period of his life, however, and can truly say he never knew a man of steadier habits, nor one more re- markable for strict rectitude of conduct, or exemplary piety. An anecdote is related of him and the Rev. Finis Ewing, which occurred in his younger days. It was told to me by Mr. Samuel Wear. " Reid was driving a team for some man who was moving to this county with Mr. Ewing, who had ear bells on his six horse team. The young man liked the jingle of these bells so much that he begged Mr. Ewing to allow his teamster to divide with him, in order that he might share the music ; but Mr. Ewing * could not see it' and refused to make the division as requested. Whereupon Reid bought a num- ber of old cow bells and hung one on each horse in his team, which soon had the effect of bringing the preacher to terms. He was so much annoyed with the discord produced by these coarse bells, that he soon proposed a compromise by giving Reid his sleigh bells, pro- vided he would stop the cow bell part of the concert. " Silas Thomas was another Kentuckian, and lived on Honey creek, near where Lampton's saw mill stood a few years ago. " James Taylor, better known as ' Old Corn Taylor,' lived in an old log cabin which may be still seen standing a short distance west of the Anthony Walker place. He was another remarkably eccentric character. He had a host of mules and negroes ; always rode with a rope bridle, and raised more corn, and kept it longer than any half dozen men in Cooper county. This he hoarded away in pens and cribs, with as much care as though every ear had been a silverd ollar, in anticipation of a famine, which, for many years he had predicted, but which, happily, never came, though the neighborhood was several times visited with great scarcity of that valuable commodity. Al- though he was miserly in this respect, yet during these times of scarcity, he would generally unlock his granaries, and, like Joseph of old, deal it out to his starving brethern, whether they were able to pay for it or not ; that is, if he thought a man was industrious, he HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 699 would furnish him with what corn he considered necessary ; but tradi- tion informs us that he invairiably refused the required boon to a man who was found, on examination, to wear ' patched breeches,' es- pecially if the patch happened to be in a particular locality, which indicated laziness. " Hugh Wear was from Kentucky, and lived in the Ellis neigh- borhood. -He was the father of the Rev. Wm. Bennett Wear, another Cumberland Presbyterian of considerable distinction. When his father, who was a Revolutionary soldier, enlisted, Hugh, although too young to enter the army, was permitted to accompany his father, and served, during the war, as a soldier, notwithstanding he was under the age prescribed for military duty. This was done to prevent his falling into the hands of the tories. " Rev. William Kavanaugh was a Kentuckian, and another Cum- berland Presbyterian minister of considerable note. It was said of him, that he could preach louder and longer than any of these old worthies. "William Bryant was a Kentuckian, aud was with General Jack- son at the battle of New Orleans. He first settled at New Lebanon, on the place which he afterwards sold to Finis Ewiug; the old brick house where Mr. Kemp now lives. He then moved to the farm now occupied by William B. Harlan. '« Samuel Miller was from Kentucky, and settled on the place now owned by Green Walker. He was a farmer, and afterwards moved to Cold Neck. " There yet remains but one other man to notice who belonged to New Lebanon. He was a member of the numerous family of Smith, whose Christian name I cannot now recall. He settled at a very early period on what is known as the Cedar Bluff, at a nice, cool, clear spring, not far from the place where Mrs. John Wilkerson now lives. Here he erected what was then called a ' band mill,' a species of old fashioned horse mill, so common in those days. It was connected with a small distillery at which he manufactured a kind of 'aqua mira- bilis,' with which the old folks in those days cheered the drooping spirits in times of great scarcity. But Mr. Smith never ' ran crooked.' He paid no license, and sold or gave away his delicious beverage with- out molestation from revenue agents, just as he deemed fit and con- venient. Revenue stamps and revenue agents were unknown then, and good whiskey (there was none bad then) was not only considered harmless, but drinking hot toddies, eggnog and mint julips was re- garded as a respectable, as well as a pleasant aud innocent kind of amusement, and quite conducive to good health." CHAP TEE IX. OTTERVILLE TOWNSHIP. Boundary — Physical Features — Settlement of Otterville Township — Clifton — Its History and Incidents — Indian Scare — Otterville — Its History — Lodges — Schools — Churches. Before proceeding with the remainder of Mr. Starke's article, which is a history of Otterville township, we will first give the bound- ary and physical features of the same. BOUNDARY. This township is in the southwestern part of the county, and is bounded on the north by Clear Creek township, on the east by Leb- anon township, on the south by Morgan county and on the west by Pettis county. Otterville formerly comprised a portion of Lebanon township, but has since been formed into a voting precinct and em- braces all that part of Lebanon township west of the Lamine river. PHYSICAI, FEATURES. The township is generally rough and covered with an abundance of timber. The Lamine river, with its afliuents, furnishes a reasonable supply of water. SETTLEMENT OF OTTERVILLE TOWNSHIP. Mr. Starke's history continued: "I have thus briefly glanced at the early settlement in the vicinity of New Lebanon, and come now to treat of the colony which was planted south and west of the Lamine, and which was peopled at a subsequent period, known as Otterville township, and which will per- haps embrace a portion of the adjoining territory included within the limits of Morgan and Pettis counties. " Thomas Parsons was born in the state of Virginia in the year 1793, moved to Franklin, the county seat of Simpson county, Ken- tucky, about the year 1819, emigrated to this county in the fall of (700) HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 701 1826, and settled at the place now owned by James H. Cline, north- west of Otterville. About the last of October of that year Parsons sold his pre-emption right to Absalom Cline, the father of James H. Cline. In 1826, at the time Mr. Parsons came to this neighborhood, there were only three families living west of the Lamine in this vicinity. These were James G. Wilkerson, William Reed and Wil- liam Sloan. "Mr. Parsons established the first hatter's shop south of Boon- ville, and was an excellent workman in that line. He was an honest, upright citizen, lived to a ripe old age, and was gathered to his fathers honored and respected by all who knew him. At the time of his death, on the 7th day of September, 1768, he was the oldest Free Mason in Cooper county, having belonged to that institution nearly three score years. " William Reed, mentioned above, was, perhaps, the first white man who settled in this neighborhood. He was a Tennesseean, and lived near the old camp ground, a little west of what was then known as the Camp Ground spring, in the old field now owned by George W. Smith, a short distance southwest of the old graveyard. He was the grandfather of A. M. Reed, now of Otterville. He was remark- able for his strict integrity and exemplary piety. " James G. Wilkerson was from Kentucky, and settled the farm now owned by George W. Smith, one mile west of Otterville. The old mansion stands, though almost in a complete state of dilapidation, to remind the passer by of the perishable character of all humau labor. He sleeps, with several other members of his once numerous family, on a gentle eminence a few yards south of the decayed and tottering tenement in which he spent many years of honest toil. "William Sloan, the son of Alexander Sloan (mentioned in the notes pertaining to New Lebanon), was the last of the three men- tioned above. He first settled the place where Charles £. Rice now lives, in 1826, but afterwards lived, until his death, at the place now owned by Joseph Minter. He was always noted for his scrupulous honesty and piety. "Elijah Hook was from Tennessee, and settled near where Henry Bender now lives in 1827. He was a hunter and trapper, and ob- tained a subsistence for his family after the manner of Nimrod, his ancient predecessor, mentioned in the Bible as 'the mighty hunter.' " James Brown was a Kentuckian, a farmer, a hard working man, and settled where T. C. Cranmer lives in 1827. He also was a 'Nimrod,' and hunted with Daniel Boone. 46 702 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. " James Davis was a Tennesseean, arid settled the place now known as the McCulloch farm, in 1827. He was an industrious farmer and a great rail splitter. " James Birney was a Kentuckian, and married the daughter of Alexander Sloan, of New Lebanon. He was a farmer, and a man of some note. He settled, in 1827, the farm where John Harlan now lives. He had a grandson, Alexander Birney, who was formerly a lawyer at Otterville. " Frederick Shurley, the mightiest hunter in all the land round about Otterville, in 1827, settled the place now owned by his son, Robert Shurley, southeast of Otterville. He was with General Jackson in the Creek war, and was present at the memorable battle of Horse Shoe Bend, where the Indians, by the direction of their prophets, had made their last stand. He used to recount, with deep interest, the thrilling incidents connected with this muzzle to muzzle contest, in which over half a thousand redskins were sent, by Jack- son and Coffee, to their happy hunting grounds. " Nathan Neal was a Kentuckian, and settled the old place near the Lamine, two miles north of Otterville, in 1827. He was an orderly, upright and industrious citizen. " George Cranmer was born in the state of Delaware in 1801, moved to near Paris, Kentucky, while young, and to Boonville, Missouri, in the year 1828. He was a millwright and a very ingen- ious and skilful mechanic. He settled at Clifton in about 1832, mid shortly afterwards he and James H. Glasgow, now living on the Petite Saline creek, built what was known as Cranmer's, afterwards Corum'smill, precisely where the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroad now crosses the Lamine. Cranmer named the place Clifton. The prin- cipal mechanics who helped to build this mill were Benjamin Gilbert, James Kirkpatrick, Nathan Garten, son-in-law of William Steele, Esquire, a blacksmith named John Toole, Noah Graham and the renowned 'Bill' Rubey, known to almost all the old settlers south of the Missouri river. Cranmer lived first at the mill, and afterwards at what was long known as the John Caton place, where Thomas C. Cranmer was born in 1836. The old log cabin is still standing, as one of the few old land marks yet visible, to remind us of the distant past. Cranmer died at Michigan Bluffs, California, in 1853. "Another man will perhaps be remembered by some of our old citizens. He was crazy, and though harmless, used to wander about to the great terror of the children of those days. His name was John Hatwood. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 703 " Clifton was once a place of memorable notoriety. In those early days it was not unfrequently call the ' Devil's Half Acre.' There was a grocery kept there, after the people began to manufac- ture poisoned whiskey, which had the effect very often of producing little skirmishes among those who congregated there. It was not un- common for those fracases to end in a bloody nose, a black eye, or a' broken head. Happily, however, these broils were generally confined to a few notorious outlaws, whom the order-loving people would have rejoiced to know had met the fate of the cats of Kilkenny. "There are many amusing incidents connected with the history of the place, but space forbids allusion to only one or two. A man by the name of Cox, who was a celebrated hunter and trapper in this neighborhood, was known as a dealer in tales, connected with his avocation,- of a fabulous and Munchausen character. There is a very high bluff just below the old mill ; perhaps it is nearly five hundred feet high. During one of his numerous hunting excursions, Matthew met with a large bear, which, being slightly wounded, became terribly enraged, and attacked the hunter with his ugly grip before he had time to reload his rifle. This formidable contest between bruin and Matthew occurred just on the verge of the fearful precipice above de- scribed, and every struggle brought them nearer and nearer, until they both took the awful leap, striking and bounding against the pro- jecting crags every few feet, until they reached the bottom of the terri- ble abyss. You will now naturally say, 'Farewell Matthew!' but strange to relate, he escaped with a few slight scratches. The bear had, fortunately for Matthew, been on the under side every time they struck, till they reached the bottom, when he loosed his hold of the hunter and closed his eyes in death. "Matthew Cox's tales were generally much like this, almost always terminating favorably to himself, and fatally to his adver- saries. This anecdote gave the name of ' Matthew's Bluff,' well- known to everybody in this neighborhood. " Some time during the year 1832, the people of this neighbor- hood became terribly alarmed by the report that the Osage Indians were about to attack and massacre all the settlers in this vicinity. This report started first, by some means at old Luke William's on Cold Camp creek. The people became almost wild with excitement. They left their plows in the fields, and fled precipitately in the direc- tion of the other settlements towards Boonville. Some of them took refuge in a fort at Vincent Walker's, some at Sam Forbes', and others at Collin Stoneman's and Finis Ewing's. Hats and caps, shoes 704 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. and stockings, pillows, baskets and bonnets might have been seen along the old military road to Boonville, lying scattered about in beautiful confusion all that day and the next, until the excitement had ceased. Fortunately the scare did not last long, as it was soon ascer- tained that the alarm was false, and that the Osage Indians had not only not contemplated a raid on the white settlements, but that they had actually become frightened themselves, and fled south of the Osa^e river. But the panic was complete and exceedingly frightful while it lasted. A fellow by the name of Mike Chism lived near the Bidstrup place. Mike had a wife and two children. They were already preparing for flight. Mike's wife was ou horseback and had one child in her lap and one behind her, and Mike was on foot. " At this moment, a horseman came galloping up in great trepi- dation, and informed the little family that the Indians were coming by the thousands, and that they were already this side of Flat creek. On receiving this intelligence, Mike, in great terror, said to his wife, ' My God ! Sallie, I can't wait for you any longer,' and suiting his actions to his words, he took to his scrapers in such hot haste that at the first frantic jump he made, he full fell at length, bleeding and trembling on the rocks. But the poor fellow did not take time to rise to his feet again. He scrambled off on ' all fours ' into the brush like some wild animal, leaving his wife and children to take care of themselves as best they could. He evidently acted upon the princi- ple, that ' It is better to be a live coward, than a dead hero.' "Reuben B. Harris was from Kentucky. He was a country lawyer; had no education, but was a man of good natural ability. He settled the place where Montraville Ross now lives, on Flat creek. He settled here in 1827. He was also a great hunter. "Hugh Morrison was a Kentuckian. In 1827, he settled the place where the widow of Henderson Fiuley now lives. " John Gabriel was also from Kentucky, and settled at Richland, at a place two and a half miles east of Florence. He moved there at a very early period, in 1819 or 1820. He had a distillery, made whiskey and sold it to the Indians. He was a rough, miserly character, but honest in his dealings. He was murdered for his money in his horse lot, on his own plantation. He was killed by a negro man belonging to Reuben B. Harris. The negro was condemned and hung at Boon- ville. Before his execution, this negro confessed that he had killed Gabriel, but declared that he had been employed to commit the mur- der by Gabriel's own son-in-law, a man named Abner Weaver. This villain escaped punishment for the reason that the negro's testimony HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 705 was then, by the laws of the United States, excluded as inadmissible. Justice, however, overtook him at last. His crime did not stop at the instigation of Gabriel's murder. He was afterwards found in pos- session of four stolen horses somewhere in Texas. In endeavorinsr to make his escape, he was shot from one of these horses, and thus ended his villainy. " The first church erected in this neighborhood was built by the Cumberland Presbyterians. It was of logs, and stood near the old graveyard. It was built about the year 1835. Here, for many years, this denomination annually held the old fashioned camp-meet- ings, at which large numbers of the old citizens were wont to congre- gate, and here many of them would sometimes remain for days, and even weeks, on the ground in camps and tents, engaged in earnest de- votion. But this order of things and this manner of worship have long since gone into disuse. Not a hawk's eye could now discern a single mourner's track, and every vestige of the old church and camp have vanished like the mist before the morning sun, and the primitive religious customs have been entirely abandoned. " In the foregoing sketches I have briefly glanced at the lives and characters of most, in fact, nearly all of the older citizens who figured in the history of New Lebanon settlement, which then com- prised our own township, and included the country between the La- mine and Flat creek. Most of them belonged to a class of men which have since passed away. " It is not my purpose to make invidious comparisons between them and those of the present'day. It is but justice, however, to say, that with few exceptions, they were men of great moral worth, true and tried patriotism, and scrupulous integrity." OTTERVILLE. "I come now to take a brief survey of matters connec- ted with a later date. The town of Otterville was first called Elkton. It was laid out by Gideon R. Thompson, in the year 1837. The first house built, stood where Judge Butler's house now stands. The public square occupied the space of ground now lying between Butler's and Geo. W. Smith's, extending east to a line running north and south, near the place where Frank Ami's house formerly stood. William G. Wear entered the forty acres on which Elktou was built, in the year 1836, and sold it to Thompson in 1837. About that time Thompson built the first house as before stated, and he and George Wear built a storehouse directly east of Thompson's dwelling, and little George Wear built a 706 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. dwelling-house on the present site of Colburn's house. James Al- corn built on the north side of the square about the same time. ' Long ' George Wear built the first house within the present limits of Otterville proper, where W. G. Wear's house now stands. " The town of Otterville was regularly laid out by W. G. Wear in 1854, though several houses had been built previous to that time within its present limits. " There was no post-office at Otterville until about 1848. The mail for this neighborhood was supplied from A rater post-office, kept by General Hogan, where Van Tromp Chilton now lives. W. G. Wear was the first postmaster. He held the office until 1851, when the writer of these sketches was appointed, who held the office about ten vears. The mail route was a special one from Arator, and was carried on horseback. W. R. Butler was the first contractor, and employed James H. Wear, son of W. G. Wear, to carry the mail twice a week. The mail carrier — then a small boy — now one of the leading merchants of St. Louis, made the trip twice a week, riding a small grey pony called 'Tom,' which had been bought of Tom Milam, who was then a well known character of the neighborhood. About the time the town was first established, several houses were built on or near the public square. " Among these were the Masonic hall ; the dwelling-house built by George W. Embree, north of the hall ; one by Samuel Wear, now occupied by John D. Strain ; one by Harrison Homan, in which he now lives ; and about this time Robert M. Taylor built an addition to the Taylor house. The brick store-house known as the Can- non & Zollinger store-house, was not built until about the year 1856. " The Masonic lodge, called Pleasant Grove Lodge No. 142, A. F. and A. M., was established on the 15th day of July* A. D., 1854, A. L. 5854. The dispensation was granted by the M. W. G. M., of Missouri, L. S. Cornwell, on the 6th day of November, 1854. This dispensation was granted to the following named persons : Wm. E. Combs, Harrison Homan, S. H. Saunders, Wm. Devine, TarletouT. Cox, Strawther OIRourk, Moses B. Small, Aaron Hupp, Wm. A. Reed, Wm. R. Butler, Robt. M. Taylor and Geo. W. Embree. The charter was granted May 31, 1855, and signed by L. S. Cornwell, G. M. ; Oscar F. Potter, D. G. M. ; J. W. Chenoweth, D. G. W. ; Henry E. Van Odell, J. G. W. The first officers were as follows : S. H. Saunders, W. M. ; Aaron Hupp, S.. W. ; H. Homan, J. W. ; R. M. Taylor, treasurer ; W. R. Butler, secretary ; George W. Em- bree, S. D. ; Strother O'Rourk, J. W., and R. J. Buchanan, tyler. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 707 " The Odd Fellows' lodge was established in October, 1856, un- der the name of Otterville Lodge No. 102, I. O. O. F. The first officers were as follows : W. G. Wear, N. G. ; H. A. B. Johnston, V. G. ; Samuel M. Homan, secretary, and John S. John- ston, treasurer. " The present Cumberland Presbyterian church was built by Milton Starke, in the year 1857. " The old Presbyterian church was built by John D. Strain, in 1866, and is now owned by the Baptists. " The Methodist and Christian churches were built about the same time, in the year 1872. The former was built by M. C. White, and the latter by T. C Cranmer and T. M. Travillian. They are both neat brick buildings, and an ornament to our village. " The public school building was erected in 1869, costing $6,000. "The Pacific railroad was completed to Otterville from St. Louis in 1860, and this place for a short time became the terminus. Whilst the road remained here, and in fact for a long time previous, Otter- ville commanded quite a brisk trade, presenting a very active and business-like appearance, and, indeed, for a time it flourished like a " green bay tree." But it was not destined to enjoy this prosperity long. The railroad company soon pulled up stakes and transferred the terminus to the then insignificant village of Sedalia, which, at that time, being in its infancy, had scarcely been christened ; but, though young, it soon rose like magic from the bosom of the beautiful prairie, and in a few years Sedalia has become the county seat of one of the richest counties in the State, and a great railroad centre, while truth compels me to say that Otterville has sunk back into its original ob- scurity. " The town of Otterville was incorporated by an act of the Legis- lature of Missouri, on the sixteenth day of February, 1857. " About the year 1860, for a short period, a considerable whole- sale business was done here. Anions the wholesale establishments were the following: W. G. Wear & Son; Cloney, Crawford & Co., from Jefferson City ; Clark & Reed ; Concannon ; the Eobert Brothers ; Lohman & Co., etc., etc. "About this time the Mansion house was built by a man named Pork, the Embree house by George W. Embree and Chris. Harlan. The latter was quite a large hotel near the depot, and was afterwards moved to Sedalia by George R. Smith, and about the same time several other houses were moved by different parties to that place. There was, after this time, a considerable business done in a 708 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. \ retail way around the old public square. Among the most prominent merchants here were W. G. Wear & Son, and Cannon & Zollinger, who carried on a large and profitable trade for many years. " But having already extended these notes far beyond what I had at first anticipated, I am admonished to close them rather abruptly, lest they become wearisome. They were prepared at a very short notice, and might have been made much more interesting, had suffic- ient time been given the writer to arrange them with some regard to order. " I hope that due allowance will be made by an appreciative public for this defect in this hastly- written memorandum. " In conclusion, I will take occasion to say, that one hundred years ago, where we meet now to rejoice together at the happy com- ing of our first centennial, this part of Cooper county, nay, even Coop- er county itself, was a howling wilderness. The hungry wolf and bear ; the elk and the antelope ; the wild deer and the buffalo roamed about undisturbed, save by the feeble arrows of the red man. "To-day, through the little village of Otterville, within a very few yards oftho spot, a double band of iron, stretching from the At- lantic to the Pacific, connects San Francisco with the city of New York. Over these lines of metal rails ponderous trains are almost continually passing to and fro, freighted with innumerable articles of the rich merchandise of the east ; the varied productions of the west ; the teas and silks of China ; the silver of Arizona, and the gold of California." Otterville contains at this time about four hundred population. It has three general stores, one hardware and grocery store, two drug stores, one confectionery, one furniture store, two blacksmith shops, one saloon, two hotels, four churches, one school. CHAPTER X. PALESTINE TOWNSHIP. Boundary — Physical Features — Early Settlers — Samuel Peters killed a Hog — Marriages — First Cistern — Education — Dancing School — Banner — School Exhibition — Excite- ment over Examinations. BOUNDARY. Palestine township is bounded on the north by Pilot Grove and Boonville townships, on the east by Clark's Fork township, on the south by Kelly and Lebanon townships, and on the west by Clear Creek and Pilot Grove townships. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The surface of the township is generally level, with the exception of a strip of rough land extending near the eastern side, and also an- other strip near the western side. The township is well supplied with timber and water; much of the soil is of excellent quality. The re- gions of cultivation may be said to exist in a portion along the eastern side, extending north and south, a portion in the centre of the town- ship, and a tract in the southwestern part. EARLY SETTLERS. William Moore and Joseph Stevens were the first settlers of Pal- estine township. William Moore emigrated from North Carolina, and settled about eight miles south of Boonville, in the timber close by a good spring, north of and adjoining the farm where Jenus White, Esq., now resides. His family consisted of George W., William H., James, Andrew, John, Thomas, Eobert and Joseph H. Moore, and Margaret, Sallie and Mary Moore ; seven sons and three daughters. Margaret married Judge Lawrence C. Stephens, in 1818. Sallie mar- ried Colonel John H. Hutchison, and Mary married Harvey Bunce. Colonel Hutchison was sheriff of this county for four years, and rep^ resentative for two years. Judge Stephens was representative for four years, and county judge for one term, and Harvey Bunce was sheriff for eight years, representative for two years, and a member of the state convention in 1865. There are only two of the Moore chil (709) 710 H1STOEY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. dien now living, viz. : Joseph H. Moore, and Margaret Stephens, widow of the late Judge L. C. Stephens. Mrs. Margaret Stephens says that in the fall of 1816, after her father settled in this county, she went to Boonville with her uncle, a Mr. McFarlancl, and on their arrival she asked her uncle where Boonville was, thinking she was coming to something of a town. Her uncle pointed toRobidoux's store, a round log cabin, with the bark on the logs, and said : " There's Boonville." They then dismounted, and, after mak- ing some purchases, returned home. That store-house was the only building which she then saw at Boonville. It is also certain, from other good evidence, that the place on which Boonville now stands was called " Boonville " before any town was built or located here. Mrs. Stephens also tells of the first church she atteuded in the neighborhood, which was held at the house of one of the settlers. Luke Williams, the preacher, was dressed in a complete suit of buck- skin, and a great many of his audience were dressed in the same style. She was so dissatisfied with the appearance of things in this county that she cried daring the whole of the services, but soon became accustomed to the new order Of things, and was well contented. At that meeting grease from the bear meat, stored in the loft above the congregation, drop- ped down and spoiled her nice Sunday shawl, which was a fine one, brought from North Carolina, and which could not be replaced in this backwoods country. Joseph Stephens, Sr., was the next settler of what is now called Palestine township. He emigrated from Kentucky, and stopped a year and a half near Winchester, East Tennessee. In the fall of 1817 he, in company with several others, started for Cooper county, and landed at Boonville on the 15th day of November, 1817. Before they arrived they had bought land in what is now Pales- tine township. They remained at the place called "Boonville," and were piloted to their new home by Major Stephen Cole. They crossed the Petite Saline creek at the McFarland ford, at the place where Rankin's mill is now situated. The only persons at that time living in that part of the county were William and Jacob McFarland on the north, and John Glover on the south side of the creek. After cross- ing the creek they soon entered the Lone Elm prairie, and on the evening of the same day they arrived at their new home, where they camped for the night. A hunter by the name of Landers had made his camp in the bot- tom, near the present residence of Joseph Stephens, Jr., and had an HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 711 acre of growing corn and fifteen hogs, which were purchased by Jo- seph Stephens, Sr. Mr. Landers then "pulled up stakes" and moved farther west. The next spring James D. Campbell settled on the hill south of Bunceton, Peter Stephens one-half of a mile north of Old Palestine, and William Stephens and John Kelly three and one-half miles southeast of Joseph Stephens, near the Moniteau creek. These men were the sons and sons-in-law of Joseph Stephens, Sr., and emigrated to Cooper county with him. The next year (1818) Samuel Peters settled about two miles north of Joseph Stephens, at a place now called Petersburg, on the Osage Valley and Southern Kansas railroad. He also had a large family of hoys and girls ; Samuel and Newton C. Peters were his sons. One of his daughters married Mr. McFarland ; one James Hill, who was sheriff of this county for eight years ; one Harvey Parker ; Katie Peters married Thomas Patrick, and afterwards Samuel Cole ; and Sallie, the younger, married James Gallagher. When Samuel Peters raised his dwelling he invited his neighbors to come and help him, stating that he would, on that occasion, kill a hbg and have it for dinner. As this was the first hog ever butchered in this part of the state, and as very few of the settlers had ever tasted pork, it was no little inducement to them to be present and as- sist in disposing of such rare and delicious food ; for the settlers, pre- vious to that time, had subsisted entirely upon wild game. Always, on such occasions, they had a little " fire-water " to give life to the occasion. In the winter of 1818, Miss Rhoda, the daughter of Joseph Stephens, Sr., was married to Dr. B. W. Levens, the ceremony being performed by the Rev. Luke Williams. On the same evening Miss Elizabeth, the daughter of Samuel Peters, and James Hill were united in marriage by the same minister. The two last mentioned had been engaged for some time, yet did not expect to be married so soon. But Mr. Peters declared that if they intended to marry, they must do so that night or never. So the parson immediately went down to Mr. Peter's house, and in accordance with the statutes in such cases made and provided, pronounced them husband and wife. Colonel Andrew and Judge John Briscoe settled in the same township in 1818. They were both very prominent men, and promi- nent leaders in their respective parties, Andrew being a whig, and John a democrat. Some of the other early settlers were Henry, Hiram, Heli and Harden Corum, Mr. Tevis, the father of Captain Simeon Tevis, 712 HISTORY Or HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Thomas Collins, Jacob Summers, Michael, James and William Son, John and Joseph Cathey, James, David and John H. Hutchison, Nathaniel Leonard,' John and Andrew Wallace, Henry Woolery, Hol- bert and Samuel Cole, James Bridges, James Simms, Eussell Small- wood, Thomas Best, Greenberry Allison, Wm. C. Lowery, Anthpuy F. Read, and others. No better citizens than those mentioned above ever settled in any community. Mr. Greenberry Allison dug the first cistern in the county, which proved to be a great success, and caused many of his neighbors to imitate his example, as they had, previous to that time, been com- pelled to depend for water upon springs and wells. Palestine township, from the beginning, took the lead in educa.- tion. The first schools were taught by Lawrence C. Stephens, Dr. William H. Moore, and a young man from Virginia by the name, also, of William H. Moore, who was considered the best scholar in his day in this part of the country. The teachers of a later day were Mr. Huff, Green White, Josiah Adams, now residing in California, Mis- souri, and Philip A. Tutt. The first-grammar school was kept bv a Mr. Bodgers, at the residence of- John Wallace. The first dancing school was opened in 1832, at the residence of B. W. Levens, about a quarter of a mile east of the present site of Bunceton, by a man named Gibson. He was a polished gentleman, and an excellent teacher, and was the first to introduce *' cotillions," which were, until that time, unknown in this part of the country. Mr. Gibson at that time had two other schools ; one at Boonville, and the other at Arrow Bock, and he taught, during the week, two days at each place. The names of a few of the dancers who attended the school at B. W. Levens' residence, who are at present remembered, are as fol- lows : Newton C. Peters, David Hutchison, Andrew B. Moore, John M. Briscoe, Mr. Huff, Daniel Ogle, Thomas and Bonaparte Patrick, Thomas and Luther Smith, James Coram, Joseph S. Anderson, Green White, Andrew Collins and Tobe Briscoe. Misses Margaret and Elizabeth Hutchison, daughters of James Hutchison ; Elmina Ann and Sarah Ardell Hutchison, daughters of John H. Hutchison;, Zerilda and Emarine Levens, Mary and Patsy Briscoe, Katie and Sallie Peters, Susan and Rhoda Campbell, Parthena Kelly, Jaily Collins, Annie Best, and a Miss Ramsey. Most of the persons mentioned above have been dead many years. Among the gentlemen, Mr. Huff was alive a few years ago, although he has not been heard from for some time. So far as is HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 713 known none of the other gentlemen are alive. Of the ladies, Mar- garet, Elmina Ann and Sarah Ardell Hutchison, Margaret Stephens, Zerilda Levens, Patsy Briscoe, Katie and Sallie Peters, and Rhoda Campbell, were alive in 1876 — the others are all dead. On the first day of January, 1845, Henry C. Levens was em- ployed at Lone Elm, John D. Stevens in Palestine district, Joseph L. Stephens in the Harrison district, in the Bunceton neighborhood, and George H. Stephens in the Round Grove district, to teach the re- spective schools for three months. All these districts are now in school township 47, range 17. These teachers found that the people were not sufficiently aroused to the great importance of giving their children a good education, and for some time had been studying to discover some plan by which to bring the patrons of the school to a full knowledge of their responsibility. They knew that the parents could not be forced to perceive the vast importance of education by merely telling them of its benefits ; but in order to produce this change inducements must be placed directly before both parents and pupils — something tangible and sufficiently inviting to awaken them from their lethargy. They thought that they must determine upon some plan to create and keep up an excitement, so as to induce the patrons to continue their schools for a longer period than three months, thereby benefiting both teachers and pupils. They finally agreed upon the plan of offering a banner to the school, which, taking all the classes into consideration, had made the most progress at the close of the school. The examination for the awarding of the banner was to take place at Old Palestine. On the first day the classes in arithmetic, geography and grammar were to be examined, and on the second day the four schools were to have a joint exhibition, consisting of speeches and dialogues. The above named teachers, in accordance with an agreement among themselves, on the opening day of their schools placed the whole subject before the pupils, and gave them until the next day to decide whether they were willing to enter the contest or not, and the members of each school unanimously voted in favor of their teacher's proposition. This produced a greater excitement than was contemplated or wished for by the teachers — an excitement that was more difficult to control than to create. All classes of the people took a deep interest in the progress of the schools, and they received frequent visits from trustees, parents and others. 714 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. On the days of the examination at Old Palestine the pupils of the different schools marched in double file to the place of examina- tion, with music and banners, with appropriate mottoes in advance. The girls of each school were dressed in the same colored dresses, and the boys wore badges of the same color as the dresses of the girls of the school to which they belonged. On each day there was a very large attendance to witness the examination and exhibition. The excitement became so great that the teachers instructed the judges not to make any award, particularly as the pupils of all four schools had acquitted themselves so well that it would have been al- most impossible to decide between them. After it became known that, because of the general excellence of the schools no award would be made, the excitement attending the contest soon quieted down. The examination and exhibition gave universal satisfaction, and al- though when the schools closed it was spring, and the busiest time of the year, all four of the teachers were offered schools again at the same places. After this schools were well attended and supported in Palestine township, and has continued so even to the present day. Although the object of these teachers was partly selfish, in that they wished to procure constant employment, they conferred innumer- able blessings upon that and following generations, by creating among the settlers a desire to give their children every opportunity of ac- quiring a good education. CHAPTEE XI. PILOT GEOVE TOWNSHIP. Boundary — Physical Features — Early Settlers — Camp-meetings — Schools and Mills — Pilot Grove — Bill Anderson — First Business Houses of Pilot Grove — Newspaper — Secret Orders — Pilot Grove Collegiate Institute — Shipments for 1882 — Incidents of the War. BOUNDARY. Pilot Grove township is bounded on the north by Lamine town- ship, on the east by Boonville and Palestine townships, on the south by Palestine and Clear Creek townships, and on the west by Clear Creek and Blackwater townships. PHYSICAL FEATURES. This is a very irregular township in shape. In the northwestern and southeastern parts the land is rough, yet admitting of cultivation. The eastern and southwestern portions are comparatively free from roughness and admit of the highest cultivation. The township de- rived its name from the following fact : When travellers were passing on the route from Boonville to Independence, or in the neighborhood of this route, as it led through the township, they were enabled at once to determine their position by the small grove of trees which was plainly visible for miles around. Very little of the present tim- ber was in existence except as low brush, so that the group of trees standing prominently above all the rest proved a pilot to the traveller in his journey across the then extensive prairie. Hence the name "Pilot Grove." EARLY SETTLERS. The township was settled about 1820, though the exact time is not known. Among the early settlers we may mention the names of John McCutchen, John Houx, Jacob Houx, L. A. Summers, James McElroy, Samuel Roe, Sr., Samuel Woolridge, Enoch Mass, Absalom Meredith, Azariah Bone, who was a Methodist minister; John Eice, a blacksmith ; a Mr. Magee, after whom " Magee Grove " was named, and Samuel Gilbert, whose success in after life as a cancer doctor was (715) 716 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. a surprise to all and a familiar theme of conversation among the old settlers. There were also William and James Taylor, Jr., who were among the pioneers. CAMP-MEETINGS. This township in early times was celebrated for its camp-meetings, there being two camp grounds within its limits ; one held by the Pres- byterians and the other by the Methodists. These camp-meetings, which were held by each denomination once a year, were largely at- tended, many persons coming from great distances. Many camped on the grounds, entertaining. " without money and without price" the people who attended, and were particularly hospitable to strangers from abroad. Among the early ministers who attended the meetings at this camp ground were Jesse Green, Azariah Bone, and Samuel Gilbert. The latter afterwards became noted as a cancer doctor, and opened an infirmary in Memphis, Tennessee, and at one time resided in New York. SCHOOLS AND MILLS. Among the earliest school teachers to exercise his calling in Pilot Grove township was Thomas P. Cropper, who taught in the township in 1828—29, and, being quite an original genius, his name should be preserved. "The people all declared how much he knew; 'Twas certain he could write and cipher, too. Lands he could measure, terms and tides presage, And even the story ran that he could gauge." The first mill was erected by a man named Hughes. It was a horse mill, and stood on one of the branches of the Petite Saline. PILOT GROVE. Pilot Grove is located on the northeast quarter of section 5, town- ship 47, range 18, in Pilot Grove township, and is surrounded by a beautiful and most excellent farming country. The farmers are gener- ally thrifty and are year by year bettering their condition and availing themselves of the latest inventions in farming implements and ma- chinery. The town was laid off in 1873 by Sand Roe, and is situated on the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroad, twelve miles southwest of Boonville. As early as 1836, the government located a post-oflice about one mile from the present town site and called it Pilot Grove, appointing John McCutchen postmaster. He continued to hold the office at his home for many years and was finally succeeded by Samuel Roe, Si'., who now lives in Pilot Grove. Mr. Roe held the office HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 717 until after the war of 1861, and was succeeded by Mr. E. H. Harris. The present postmaster is Dr. A. H. Thornton. Pilot Grove, as a post-office and place of rendezvous for the sur- rounding inhabitants, is one of the oldest in the county, and takes its name from an ancient grove of hickory trees, located upon the high prairie in the immediate vicinity. BILL ANDERSON. 'Twas while Mr. Roe was acting as postmaster at his residence, where the neighbors had gathered upon a bright afternoon in the spring of 1864, awaiting the arrival of the mail, that the dreaded " Bill Anderson " suddenly appeared with his guerrillas, and forming the trembling citizens into line, proceeded to divest them of their personal valuables. Mr. William Mayo, one of the citizens, refused to deliver up his elegant gold watch, and started to flee ; passing the house he was joined by Mr. Thomas Brownfield, who had kept himself concealed. The guerrillas, of course, gave pursuit, and overtaking Mr. Mayo, who had become separated from Mr. Brownfield, they killed him by a pistol shot in the face. One guerrilla had pursued Mr. Brownfield, who was endeavoring to reach a thicket of brush some rods distant. The guerrilla fired repeatedly upon Mr. Brownfield, wounding him in the hand, when, upon a near approach, Brownfield, who was armed, and a man of nerve, suddenly turned, and covering him with his revolver, compelled the guerrilla to retreat. This act doubtless saved his life, since it en- abled him to reach the coveted thicket, from which concealment he defied his foes, who dared not penetrate his retreat, and who, after surrounding the thicket, and being several times fired upon by the desperate man within, sought less dangerous fields of conquest. The first business house in the town was moved to Pilot Grove from Dr. W. P. Harriman's mill, about the year 186-. It is the building now occupied by Mr. Ellis, merchant. The first dwelling- house was erected by a Mr. Hayner, who was a harness maker and saddler. Dr. J. W. H. Ross was the first physician in the place. Peter Beach was the first shoemaker. The town is now improving, not only rapidly but substantially. It contains four general stores, one drug store, one hardware store, two tin shops, one furniture store, one saddle and harness shop, two restaurants, two millinery stores, one lumberyard, three blacksmith and wagon shops, two hotels, one barber shop, one shoemaker shop and two livery stables. In the edge 47 718 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. of the town there is a good public school, while near the centre of the town is located the Pilot Grove Collegiate Institute, a popular and nourishing school. There are also two secret orders, two churches and a printing office, from which is issued a weekly paper, called the Pilot Grove Bee. The paper was established the first week in Sep- tember, 1882, by James Barton. It is a seven column folio, and democratic in politics. There is also a commodious depot and two or three grain warehouses. During the coming fall (1883) it is expected upon the part of the merchants and business men of the town, that a bank will be opened by parties who have fhe matter under consideration. Pilot Grove Lodge No. 334, I. O. O. F. Charter members — W. B. Jernijan, Preston Phillips, Joseph Murphy, J. W. Nixon, T. D. Smith. The lodge was organized April 9, 1875. Present officers— I. W- Martin, N. G. ; E. C. Moore, V. G; W. R. Annan, secretary ; N. W. Williams, treasurer. The lodge has forty-five members. Charter members of William D. Muir Lodge No. 277 A. F. and A. M.— C. C. Woods, W. M. ; R. W. Masten, S. W. ; A.J. Harrison, J. W. : George B. Judy, treasurer ; N. T. Allison, secretary ; H. Arm- strong, S. D. ; Charles Long, J. D. ; J. H. Younger, tyler, and G. T. Paxton. Present officers — H. W. Harris, W. M. ; J. L. Judd, S. W. ; George Judy, J. W. ; N. R. Harris, treasurer ; W. F. Johnson, secre- tary ; M. Rust, S. D. ; J. I. Burges, J. D. ; Charles Long, tyler. PILOT GROVE COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE was founded in 1878, and chartered in 1881. It was under control of N. C. Johnson, who was educated at Fulton, Annapolis naval aca- demy and Chicago college of music. At his death the school fell into the hands of C. B. and W. T. Johnson, the former educated at St. Mary's college and Kentucky military institute (both in Kentcky), the latter educated under tuition of C. B. and C. N. Johnson, and at the Brandenburg seminary, Kentucky, and Shelbina college, Mo. Growth — 1878-79, 68 pupils ; from a distance, 15. 1879-80, 90 pupils ; from a distance, 23. 1880-81, 101 pupils; from a dis- tance, 35. 1881-82, 107 pupils ; from a distance, 36, 1882=-83, 123 pupils ; from a distance, 58. Building consists of seven rooms ; three large study halls — one for ladies, one for gentlemen, and one for primary pupils ; a library well furnished and fitted for reading room, in which are over one HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 719 thousand books — open every Saturday night for pupils ; three other good-sized rooms, two of which are furnished with beautiful upright grand pianos, metronomes, charts, musical blackboards, etc. All the rooms throughout the building are furnished to suit pur- poses for which they are intended. Geological and zoological cabinets, philosophical apparatus, etc., necessary to illustrate the physical sciences, are supplied to the school. FACULTY FOR 1883-84. C. B. Johnson and W. F. Johnson, principals ; Mrs. B. Johnson, preceptress ; Miss Lizzie Pendleton, directress of conservatory of music ; principal of primary, to be supplied ; voice culture, to be sup- plied. Chartered in six courses. SHIPMENTS FOR 1882. The shipments made from this point for 1882, by the railroad, will be found below : Wheat ■ , - - 317 car loads. Hogs - 28 Cord wood --------20 Oats 8 Sheep - - 5 Cattle ... - - 4 Logs ____.. _4 Mixed stock - - - 2 Potatoes -_____-- 1 Emigrant outfits - - - 2 The above shows an increase of about 125 cars over the preceding year. INCIDENTS OF THE WAR. [Furnished by W. G. Pendleton.] The following narration of the killing, during the late war, of citizens of our community, by lawless bands, upon either side, is doubt- less correct in the main, yet in view of the considerable lapse of time since the occurrence of these events, the falibility of the human memory, and many other circumstances which would have their effect, it would not be strange should error exist in some of the more minute details. Considering in the order of time in which it occurred, I mention first the killing of Joseph Sifers, two miles north of Pilot Grove, which took place about the beginning of the war. He was a Union man, whose house was surrounded at night by unknown men, who demanded of him his fire-arms. Purporting to have them hidden up- 720 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. on the outside of his dwelling, he went out intending to discover who -they were ; when, doubtless, under the belief that his life was in dan- ger, he ran, endeavoring to reach a cornfield adjacent, but in the at- tempt was shot down by a sentinel of the party. It was never known who perpetrated this outrage. In the summer of 1864, during a revival meeting in the southern Methodist Episcopal church at Pilot Grove, Capt. Todd, one day dur- ing the hour of service, surrounded the building with a company of about sixty savage looking bushwhackers, who rudely entered the sacred house, stopped the services, and uncermoniously ejected the worshippers. After refreshing themselves with the eatables prepared for the occasion, and selecting such horses as they desired, from the many secured to the trees near by, they departed, taking with them two citizens, Peter Mitzell and Otho Zeller as hostages, as they called them, whose safety would depend on the good conduct of the citizens, in not pursuing, intercepting or informing on them, there being, at that time, state militia stationed at various places around. These two unfortunate men were that night barbarously butch- ered some miles east of here, near Lone Elm Pairie, and their bodies found a day or two later. Zeller had belonged to the state militia, which fact, to those who knew the character of the guerrillas, accounts for the reason of his being killed. Mitzell was loyal, though a very quiet and inoffensive man ; he had, a short time previous, met a squad of guerrillas, and mistaking them for militia, had, doubtless, iudis- cretely expressed his sentiments, for which offence, in a time when men were killed for opinion's sake, he paid the forfeit with his life. The same party of bushwhackers, returning a day or two later, passed through the German settlement three miles west of here, and killed two citizens, John Diehl and Vollmer, who, it seems, un- fortunately fell into the same error as Mitzell, of mistaking them for Federal troops, a number of them being dressed in blue. A Mr. Nichols was killed near Bell Air, in this county, during the same summer of 1864. This act was committed by a band of Hall's state militia. Mr. Nichols was a Kentuckian, a conservative Union man, and very quiet and peaceable. The provocation of this crime, if any, was never known. Thomas Cooper, of this vicinity, was arrested in the fall of 1864, in James Thompson's store, in Boonville, by militia, taken to a se- cluded spot near the fair grounds, and brutally murdered and his body mutilated. Cooper was a southern man, and known to his neighbors as quiet, tolerant and inoffensive. CHAPTEE XII. PRAIRIE HOME TOWNSHIP. Boundary — Physical Features — Early Settlements — Prairie Home— Prairie Home Lodge A. F. and A. M., No. 503 — Prairie Home Institute — Its History. BOUNDARY. Prairie Home township is bounded on the north by Saline town- ship, on the east by Moniteau county, on the south by Moniteau township and on the west by Clark's Fork township. Prairie Home township was taken from the territories of Clark's Fork, Saline and Moniteau townships, and was organized a few years ago — in 1872. PHYSICAL FEATURES. This township is generally level and undulating, being mostly prairie. The soil is good and produces well. The northern portions of the township are settled by Germans who are thrifty. . EARLY SETTLERS. The oldest settlers, according to the best information that can be obtained, were James McClain, Lacy McClanahan, Adam McClanahan, Jacob Carpenter, Absalom McClanahan, Michael Hornbeck, Samuel Carpenter, William N. McClanahan, William G. McClanahaSi, and Jeremiah Smith. It appears that these men were located in this township previous to 1820, as their votes were recorded in that year. Some of them may not be confined to the limits of the township, but they were not far distant from the line. The history of this township is so closely connected with that of the three townships mentioned above, from which it was taken, that it will not be repeated at this place. For its history the reader is refer- red to that of the three named townships above. (721) 722 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. PRAIRIE HOME. This little village is located on section 20, township 47, range 15. The first store was erected by James Boswell. John Zimmerman beoran business in 1874. The first blacksmith was William Dorder- man. The present business firms areU. E. & D. L. Davis, hardware merchants; William Stemmons and A. H. Workman, blacksmiths; W. S. Gibson, dentist; A. J. Lacy, S. M. Teel, and J. W. Poin- dexter, physicians. James W. Jones is the present postmaster, and J. L. Sholl is the proprietor of a drug store and grocery combined. PRAIRIE HOME LODGE NO. 503, A. F. AND A. M. Organized July 30, 1881. Number of original members eleven. C. E. Scott, first and present W. M. Hall erected over Prairie Home M. E. church in 1881, and cost $1,500. Number of present member- ship twenty-three. PRAIRIE HOME INSTITUTE. This institution is located about fourteen miles south of Boon- ville, in Cooper county, on a high, rolling prairie, beautifully varie- gated and interlined with groves of original timber. It is situated in township No. 47, range No'. 15, section No. 20, and is in the centre of almost a circle, the radii of which is fourteen miles from Boonville, Eocheport, Providence, Sandy Hook, California and Bunceton. The enterprise was projected in 1865 by Eev..A. H. Misseldine, and success- fully conducted for several years. In 1869 Dr. W. H. Trigg, of Boonville, purchased the institution under mortgage. A few days thereafter it was sold to Wash. A. Johnston, and in the fall of 1869, sold by him to the public school district. Under this manage- ment the school was conducted by Professor Edgar Dunnaway and wife ; then by Miss Margaret McPhatridge, now Mrs. William H. Ellis, Jr. In May, 1871, in convention, the district empowered Mr. G. G. Wilson to dispose of the buiiding to a teacher who would con- duct a boarding school for the education of both sexes. Through Mr. Wilson and the township board, the house was sold to A. Slaughter, then president of the Texas prairie high school, Lafayette county, Missouri. The institute having been thoroughly repaired and remodeled by Professor Slaughter during the summer of 1871, he formally opened the institute on the 11th of September with the following corps of HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 723 teachers: Miss Mary Jane Lauderdale, Miss Laura A. Slaughter, Mr. Joel H. Abbott. There was a large attendance of pupils in the various departments, which continued with a constant increase until October 3, 1874, when the institute with its contents was destroyed by fire, without insurance. The loss was quite severe on the principal and his family, but this was partly alleviated by citizens who promptly and liberally contributed in money, and otherwise, to the wants of the family. Dr. William H. Ellis, Dr. J. W. Porter, Wash. A. John- ston, C. M. Carey, Mike Wells, Henry Wells, W. C. P. Taylor, Colonel Eobert McCulloch, Captain A. Hornbeck, C. E. Scott, Ben- ton Brosius, Kobert Brosius, Mrs. Keavis, Mrs. Daniel Hunt, Kelly Eagland, Colonel William Pope, Eev. William M. Tipton, William M. McClanahan, T. J. Ellis, Captain F. A. Eodgers, Mike Keilly and brother, William Kirchman, T. Jenkins, Mason Smith, Eev. G. B. Tutt, Willie L. Stephens, J. E. Taliaferro, James Brosius and Kobert Bruce, promptly rallied around the principal in a liberal en- couragement and support of a new and superior edifice, while the smoke was still ascending from the old. A committee, consisting of Wash. A. Johnston and' Professor Slaughter, was appointed to make a contract for rebuilding, which was let the 31st of October, 1874. Notwithstanding' the extreme severity of the winter, the building was completed April 1, 1875. Professor Slaughter opened with a good school on the 26th of April, which continued with increasing in- terest to the commencement exercises, on the 14th of June, 1876, which was witnessed by over two thousand persons. The sixth annual session opened with increasing patronage on the 4th of September, 1876. The institution was regularly chartered under the following regency : Dr. J. W. Porter, president ; Wash. A. John- ston, treasurer and secretary ; W. C. P. Taylor, Captain A. Horn- beck and Mike Wells. The building was then presented to Professor A. Slaughter, under the condition that he or his family shall main- tain a boarding school for the education of both sexes in the sciences, during a period of ten years, after which it shall be theirs in fee. The discipline is that of a well regulated family. Both sexes are boarded and taught in the institution. It is not under the control of any denomination, and all regularly ordained ministers are invited to preach in the " chapel " when not otherwise occupied, provided abuse of faith on tenets of other denominations are not practised. It will be seen the location renders the pupils free from all the temptations, 724 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. which they have to encounter in the large cities and towns, which is at once apparent to the thoughtful mind. The session of 1875-76 opened with the following corps of instruc- tors : Professor A. Slaughter, principal ; Professor E. K. Taylor, Mrs. Louisa F. Wiatt, Miss Annie R. Pettibone, Mrs. Laura W. Slaughter, matron. Since 1876, Professor A. Slaughter has had charge of the institute a portion of the time — up to June, 1880. In 1881 there was no school, but in 1882, and the present year, 1883, Professor W. H. Rea has been the principal, and has managed the school ably and successfuly. The building is capable of accommodating seventy-five pupils as boarders. We can but admire the energy and enterprise which char- acterized the efforts of all connected with the [institution in the past ; and with the same application hereafter upon the part of its friends and patrons, the school will have a bright and prosperous future. CHAPTER XIII. SALINE TOWNSHIP. Boundary — Physical Features — Early Settlers — Church — School — Washington — Houstonville — Men Who were Killed During the War. BOUNDARY. Saline township lies in the northeastern part of Cooper county, bounded on the north by the Missouri river, on the east by Moniteau county, on the south by Prairie Home township, and on the west by Clark's Fork and Boonville townships. PHYSICAL FEATURES. Lying as it does in close proximity to the Missouri river it is naturally hilly, save where the bottom lands of the Missouri river and Petite Saline creek lie. EARLY SETTLERS. Saline township was settled as early as 1812, by Joseph Jolly, who had only two children, John and William. He settled in the up- per part of what has ever since been known as "Jolly's bottom," which received its name from him. He remained in this township until 1826, when he removed to the " Stephen's " neighborhood, in Pales- tine township. He there set out the first apple orchard in that part of the country, and erected a horse mill which would grind a bushel of corn an hour, and this was considered by the people of that day as a great achievement. He peddled apples, cider and ginger cakes at all the musters and elections. William Jolly was a gunsmith, a wheelwright, a blacksmith, a cooper, a miller, a distiller, a preacher, a doctor and a farmer. John Jolly kept a ferry across the Lamine river, on the lower ferry road, which is still known as "Jolly's ferry." The next settlers of this township were William Lamm, James and John Turner, Joseph Purs- ley, Leviu Cropper, Henry Levins, B. W. Levins (the grandfather, and father of Henry C. Levens, of Boonville), Josiah Dickson, Charles Force, John Farris, Thomas Farris, Jesse Wood, David Fine, Joshua (725) 726 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. and Lacy McClanahan, George Dickson, Frederick and James F. Con- nor, John Calvert, Adam and Absalom McClanahan, Elverton Cald- well, Noding Caldwell, Joseph Westbrook, Alexander Woods, Robert Giyens, Leonard Calvert, August McFall, Alexander R. Dickson, William Calvert, Jr., James Farris and Robert Dickson. At what time these men settled here is not known to the present generation, but they certainly arrived between 1816 and 1820, for they all voted at Boonville at the August election in the latter year. William Lamm settled in the bottom in 1816, and Henry and B. W. Levens and Levin Cropper came here in 1817 or 1818, as they voted in 1819, and the law required that a person should reside in the county one year before he could vote. Henry Levens was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1774, married at Hagerstown, Maryland, and emigrated to Washington county, Pennsylvania, where all his children were born. He after- wards emigrated to Randolph county, Illinois, and lived there about fifteen years. His wife being dead and all his children of age, he emigrated, with his son, to Cooper county. He died at his old home in Illinois, in 1838. He was a soldier during the whole of the Revolu- tion, and received a pension for same till his death. Big Lick church, belonging to the Baptist denomination, was ' built at a very early time, and is now, and has been for many years in a flourishing condition. John B. Longdon was the first pastor of this church. The first school in the township was taught by John M. Stillman, an eastern man, at a place now occupied by the Highland school house, about 1820. One of the first scho.ols in this township, was taught by a man named Rollins. He was a very fair scholar for the times, and pleased his patrons with the advancement which was made by his pupils. Just before Christmas, in the year 1828, the boys of this school had determined to " turn the teacher out," and force him to treat the pupils, by taking him to the creek and ducking him. This proceed- ing, though showing little respect for the dignity of the teacher, generally had the desired effect. The fear of it in this case, had the desired effect, for the teacher, hearing of the plans of the pupils vol- untarily gave them a week's holiday, and on New Year's day treated them -to a keg of whiskey. This, no doubt, will sound strange to most of our citizens at this day, but it is nevertheless true. It must not be thought from this that that was a terribly demor- alized community, for it certainly was not, but on the contrary, one HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 727 of the most refined in the county. It was customary at that time to find whiskey in every house, and the man who did not take his dram was the exception and not the rule. But drunkenness was then con- sidered very disgraceful, and on that account was rarely heard of. People then could drink without taking too much. It is not to be understood, that even considering the customs of the settlers at that time, the teacher was justified in treating his pupils to whiskey, and the people for suffering it t® be done. It was wrong then, and at the present day would not be tolerated in any community. To the credit of the patrons and teachers of the schools of the past, it may here be said, that there is only one other instance known of a proceeding of this kind being allowed. It was considered at that day that it was not so much the use as the abuse, which made whiskey so objectionable and demoralizing. If at that day, a young gentle- man the least bit intoxicated attempted to wait upon a respectable young lady, he was told that his company was not absolutely required at that house, and that the sooner he left the better it would be for all concerned. How is it now? Our readers live in the present, and are capable of passing judgment upon present customs. There was a town called Washington, laid off by B. W. Levens, about one mile below Overton, near the Missouri river, on the farm lately occupied by Timothy Chandler. Several lots were sold, houses built, and for a while considerable business done. But the site of the town has long since disappeared, and the spot on which it was located cannot be designated by any person living. Indeed, but few in that locality are aware of the fact that such a town was ever located and inhabited. Another town called Houstonville, was laid off by B. W. Levens and John Ward at the ferry landing, opposite to Rocheport, and some lots were sold, but not much improved. The site of the town has long since disappeared under the encroaching waters of the Missouri river. Another town; the name of which is now unknown, was located at the "cross-roads," north of Conner's mill, near the late residence of Judge Jesse Ogden, but was soon abandoned. Only two of the old pioneers are now living, viz. : Wm. Lamm and James F. Conner. Mr. Lamm was born in Eoan county, North Carolina, twelve miles from Saulsbury, and is eighty-one years of age. His parents removed to Tennessee in 1796, taking him with them. He came and 728 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. settled iu Saline township in the fall of 1816, and has remained there ever since. Mr. James F. Conner was a small boy when he, with his parents, settled in Saline township. He is the proprietor of Conner's mill, situated on the Petite Saline creek, about nine miles east of Boon- ville, which was erected by Charles Force, and until it was pur- chased by Mr. Conner/who changed it into a steam mill, it was run entirely by water power. This mill was built at a very early day, and has proved of great benefit to the inhabitants of this township, as it gave them a market at home for their surplus products. This township is one of the best wheat districts in the county, probably no finer wheat being raised anywhere in the state. It also produces, with little cultivation, all other kinds of grain, fruits and garden vegetables. This township, as well as the rest of the county, had its troubles in the late civil war. There were nine union and three southern men killed within its borders. The southern men who were killed were Benjamin Hill, William Henshaw and Radford Bass. These men were murdered at or near their homes, about the last of September, 1864, by a scouting party of Union soldiers, being a part of the com- mand of Colonel Hall, of the Missouri state militia. They were not belligerents, and the cause of their being slain is unknown. The Union soldiers who were killed, were slain by bushwhack- ers from Howard and Boone counties, seven of them on the 7th day of October, 1864, and two of them on the 27th day of May, 1865. The following is a list of them : Henry Weber, Franz Haffenburg, Jacob Eder, David Huth, Bernhard Detrick, Gerhardt Blank, Peter Diehl, Jacob Good, Sr., Jerry Good, Jr. There was also a bush- whacker, whose name is unknown, killed on the 27th day of May, 1865. This township has always been strongly democratic in principle since the organization of the county, and still remains the same. CHAPTEK XIV. THE PRESS AND PUBLIC SOHOOLS. Boonville Herald — The Western Emigrant — Boonville Observer — Missouri Begister — The Boonville Argus — The Coon Hunter — Democratic Union — Boonville Bul- letin — Tri- Weekly Observer — The Iris — Central Missourian — The Boonville Mis- sourian — The Ladies' Garland — Boonville Patriot — Boonville Advertiser — Boon- ville Daily Advertiser — Boonville Eagle — Wachter Am Missourier — The Central Missourier — Boonville News — Boonville Weekly Topic — The Pilot Grove Bee — Shave Tail Courier — Public Schools, with Facts and Figures Pertaining thereto. THE PRESS OF COOPER COUNTY. The first newspaper in Cooper eounty was established at Boon- ville about the year 1834, and was called the Boonville Herald. It was owned by James O. Middleton, and edited by Benjamin E. Ferry, who was afterwards county clerk of Cooper county. In the year 1838, Robert Brent bought one-half interest in the paper from James Middleton, and on the 8th of April, in that year, they changed the name of the paper to that of The Western Emigrant. On the 7th of March, 1839, C. W. Todd purchased Brent's interest in the paper, and the paper was edited about one year by Messrs. Middleton and Todd. On the 30th day of April, 1840, C. W. Todd purchased Mid- dleton's interest in the paper, and changed its name to that of the Boonville Observer. C. W. Todd continued as sole proprietor of the paper until the 3d day of February, 1842, when he sold one-half in- terest in it to T. J. Boggs. On the 29th of March, 1843, F. M. Cald- well and J. S. Collins purchased the paper from Todd & Boggs. They continued to edit it in partnership only until June 7, 1843, when F. M. Caldwell purchased the interest of Collins, and became sole propri- etor. Caldwell soon sold one-half interest in the paper to Allen Hammond, and it was edited under the firm name of Caldwell & Ham- mond until the 9th day of June, 1846, when Caldwell sold out his in- terest to Allen Hammond, and returned to Virginia on account of the feeble health of his wife. Hammond continued to edit it alone until November 7, 1850, when F. M. Caldwell returned from Virginia, and again purchased a half interest in the paper. They continued to edit (729) 730 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. it in partnership for several years, when they sold the paper to Augustus W. Simpson, who remained publisher of it until it ceased pub- lication in 1861, on account of the excitement incident to the war. In politics the paper was Whig until the year 1854, when the Whi^ party ceased to exist. It then became Democratic, and remained so until it ceased publication. The next newspaper established was the Missouri Register, pub- lished by William T. Yeoman. The first number of it appeared in July, 1839. It was the first democratic paper published in western Mis- souri, and was established mainly to aid in the campaign of 1840. On the 22d day of April, 1841, Yeoman sold one-half interest in the paper to Edgar A. Robinson, and the paper continued to be published by Yeoman and Robinson until the 9th day of August, 1843, when Ira Van Nortwick purchased it from them. It was afterwards success- ively owned by Quisenberry, Price, Ward & Chilton, the last named of whom continued to publish it until the great temperance excitement broke out in 1853. The paper had previous to this time been taken up almost exclusively by political discussions, but it was then pur- chased by a man named Benjamin F. Buie, who filled its columns ex- clusively with discussions in regard to the great question of temper- ance, which was then agitating the public mind. Buie soon sold out the paper to Allen Hammond, and soon after this the paper ceased publication for want of patronage. During the heat of the campaign of 1840,- the editors of the Mis- souri Register, Messrs. Ward & Chilton, started a weekly campaign sheet, which advocated the claims of Van Buren for president ; as soon as the campaign was over, and Van Buren defeated, the paper ceased publication. The name of this paper was the Boonville Argus. The Coon Hunter was published by Ward & Shelton, in 1840. The next paper was the Democratic Union, established in the fall of 1844, and run by Blair & Chilton. Following this in succession in 1847, was a whig paper, called the Boonville Bulletin, published by Caldwell & Hammond. On the 31st of December, 1850, Messrs. Caldwell & Hammond, proprietors of the Boonville Observer, com- menced the publication of a sheet, called the Tri- Weekly Observer, which was printed three times a week. It was continued until March 8th, 1851* The Iris, a college magazine, was published in 1851. In 1852, the Central Missourian was started, but was soon discontinued. It was succeeded by the Boonville Missourian, in 1853, which occupied HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 731 the same office. The paper was edited by A. C. Speer, who was a strong advocajte of whig principles, and also a staunch friend of the temperance cause. The Ladies' Garland was started in 1856. The next paper was the Boonville Patriot, which was established by a man named John Gill, in the year 1856. It was afterwards sold to F. M. Caldwell, who continued to publish it until the year 1861, when the materials, presses, etc., belonging to the office were seized by Gen- eral Worthington, in command of some Federal forces at Jefferson City, and taken by him to the latter place. Soon afterwards, Lewis H. Stahl went to Jefferson City, and with \,he assistance of some of the most influential Federals, succeeded in getting possession of the material belonging to the office, which General Worthington had seized, and brought them back to Boonville. Immediately upon his return, Messrs. Caldwell & Stahl commenced the publication of the Boonville Advertiser, the first number of which appeared on the 15th day of June, 1862. After publishing it for some time, they sold out to Messrs. Drury & Selby, who published the paper for a year or two, when Messrs. F. M. Caldwell & Co., again got possession of it, and continued proprietors of it until April, 1878. The editors of this paper, during this period, have been J. G. Pangborn, H. A. Hutch- ison, George W. Frame, Chas. E. Hasbrook, Judge Benjamin Tomp- kins and S. W. Ravenel. On the 25th day of October, 1875, the proprietors of the Boon- ville Advertiser commenced the publication of a daily edition of the same, under the name of the Boonville Daily Advertiser. The Daily Advertiser was discontinued March 7, 1879. Mr. Ravenel took charge of the Advertiser in March, 1878, as manager and local editor, and on March 7, 1879, leased the paper, and has since been running it as manager and editor. The Boonville Eagle, a weekly paper, was established in Septem- ber, 1865, by Milo Blair. On the 28th day of September, 1875, he took Charles H. Allen into partnership with him. In politics it has always been republican. The Wackter Am Missouri, a paper published in the German language, was established in 1867, by L. Joachimi. It was purchased in 1874 by F. W. Ludwig, who changed its name to the Central Missourier. Haller is the present proprietor. In politics it is republican. The Boonville News was started October 1, 1880, by A. B. Thorn- ton, who was afterwards killed. The paper has been continued by 732 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. his wife, Mrs. M. O. Thornton, and her daughters. It is politically a greenback paper. George W. Ferrell started the Boonville Weekly Topic, August 18, 1877, and after running it about eight months, F. M. Caldwell became owner. Caldwell published the paper alone till February 8, 1880, when A. B. Thornton purchased an interest. September 18, 1880, Colonel H. A. Hutchison bought Thornton's interest, the paper now being edited by Hutchison, and published by Caldwell & Hutchison — Caldwell as business manager. It is democratic in pol- itics. The Pilot Grrove Bee was established in 1882, the first number being issued the first week in September, by James Barton,, who is now the editor and proprietor. It is a seven-column folio, and demo- cratic in politics. In this history of the newspapers of Cooper county, we should not omit from the list the Shave Tail Courier, which deserves honor- able mention, because it was much esteemed by the old settlers of that day. At an early day, Napoleon Beatty, quite an original character, lived eighteen miles west of Boonville, in Cooper county, on what was called Shave Tail creek. In that vicinity a store was located, the predominating articles of trade being tobacco and whiskey, the latter the matutinal drink of the 'old pioneer. Beatty was noted for his bonhommie, and was not only the recognized fiddler of the neighbor- hood where he resided, but was intensely fond of and well posted in all the rural games and sports of that day. During his early man- hood he was " In wrestling nimble, in running swift; In shooting steady, in swimming strong. Well made to strike, to leap, to throw or lift, And all the sports that shepherds are among." His fiddle was his inseparable companion, and when spending an evening with friends, he had the happy faculty of discoursing to them the most delightful music, always accompanying his instrument with a unique and improvised song, which was replete with wise and startr ling hits and felicitous inuendoes, touching the vulnerability of some one or more of his entranced and rustic auditors. Beatty was the sole editor and proprietor ot the /Shave Tail Cour- ier, which appeared, at regular intervals, in manuscript form. The happenings, the sayings and the doings of the neighborhood were faithfully gathered and garnered by this original chronicler, who read ' HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 733 aloud his paper to his admirers, in his own inimitable style. If there occurred a dance in the locality, a record of it was made in the Courier. If a quilting party or a shooting match came off, the particulars were given in the Courier. If a wedding took place, the event was men- tioned in a recherche manner in the Courier. The bride was the spe- cial theme for highest eulogium, and the wedded pair elicited the warmest wishes for their future happiness. In fact, the Courier, like the good mirror, reflected not only the redoubtable editor's views of matters and things, but reflected as well, on popular subjects, the will of the people. The following comprises the list of post-offices in Cooper county : — POST-OEFICES. Bell Air, Lone Elm , Blackwater, New Palestine, Boonville, Otterville, Bunceton, Overton, Clark's Fork, Pilot Grove, Clifton City, Pisgah, Gooch's Mill, Pleasant Green, Harriston, Prairie Home, Lamine, Vermont. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The public schools were properly organized after the war of 1861, and have been gradually growing in favor, as their utility has been demonstrated year after year. There are now (1883) no less than one hundred and two public school buildings in Cooper county, eighty-five of these for white children and sixteen for colored children. These schools are in charge of 100 white teachers and twenty colored teachers. The num- ber of white persons of school age, that is to say between six and twenty years — male, 3,256; female, 2,932; total, 6,188. Colored persons — male, 475 ; female, 454 ; total, 929 ; making a grand total of 7,117. The male teachers receive, on an average, about $40 per month, and the female teachers about $29 per month. The average number of pupils attending each day during the summer term was twenty-eight, the number attending the winter term was forty- two, the general average was thirty-five. The cost per day for tuition of each pupil is seven cents. The school property in the county is now valued at $75,000; the rate of tax levy per $100 is thirty-nine cents. 48 734 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Paid teachers, $21,685; for fuel, $768.63; for repairs and rent, $1,760.66; incidental expenses, $849.63; erection of houses and pur- chase of sites, $538 ; past indebtedness paid, $5,550.33 ; salary of district clerks, $557.50; unexpended funds, $7,958.18; tuition fees l-eceived, $47. In 1881 one teachers' institute was held at Pilot Grove, which continued in session two weeks. This institnte was attended by forty teachers. Township school fund ------- $25,515 73 County school funds - - - - 5,751 86 Other special funds - - - 14,069 42 Total county, township and special funds - $45,337 01 Yearly receipts of fines, etc., $183, which amount has been trans- ferred to county fund. The above is a precise and concise statement of the present con- dition of the public schools and of the funds pertaining thereto. APPORTIONMENTS TO COOPER COUNTY FROM THE DIFFERENT SCHOOL FUNDS. State Appor- Township Ap- County Appor- Total Appor- tionment, portionment. tionment. tionment. $3,722 58 $1,154 14 $ 729 80 $5,606 52 2,737 04 2,882 58 699 16 6,318 78 3,246 70 699 46 264 80 4,210 96 3,508 44 2,057 30 1,089 76 6,655 50 3,350 90 2,450 47 1,214 50 7,015 87 3,494 85 2,356 60 506 50 6,037 95 3,461 88 2,740 21 362 01 6,564 10 1,164 73 467 20 1,63193 2,992 27 52136 3,513 83 2,240 13 1,966 41 531 55 4,738 09 2,816 26 1,165 58 3,98184 594 44 2,679 82 495 99 3,770 25 2,416 81 1,002 90 3,419 71 3,720 78 17,550 35 844 47 22,105 60 4,148 31 1,876 21 1,066 14 7,090 63 3,758 00 2,592 30 2,144 63 8,494 93 4,747 03 3,113 48 2,385 10 9,245 61 3,961 97 3,482 46 1,599 13 8,043 56 3,901 19 2,428 76 2,407 58 8,737 53 4,477 89 2,684 64 3,633 95 10,796 48 5,154 93 2,462 29 731 62 8,348 84 4,796 52 2,421 69 638 40 7,856 11 5,326 28 19,976 00 553 87 9,766 16 Year. Children in County. 1854 - - 3,850 1855 - - 4,085 1856 - - 4,185 1857 - - 4,498 1858 - - 4,787 1859 - 5,065 1860 - - 5,068 1861 - - 5,104 1863 - - 3,698 1864 - 5,635 1865 - 3,971 1866 - - 4,599 1867 - 5,024 1868 - - 7,028 1869 - 7,177 1870 - - 6,940 1871 - - 7,198 1872 - - 7,436 1873 - 1874 - - 1875 - - 1876 - - 6,211 1882 - - 7,004 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 735 In the above abstracts, from 1866 to 1882, both years inclusive, the number of colored children and the apportionment of the above funds to them, is included in that of the white children. To the above may be added the railroad apportionment, $1, 976.25, forthe year 1882 ; for 1883, the amount is $2,203.41. ABSTRACT OF THE SCHOOL TAX BOOKS. Tear. 1870 - 1871 - - - 1872 --- - 1873 - 1874 --- - 1875 - 1876 - Previous to the year 1870, the school taxes were levied and col- lected by the different township clerks, so that the aggregate for years previous to 1870 cannot be given. District Tax. Township Tax. Total Taxes. $39,343 89 $2,687 51 $42,031 40 36,984 67 690 38 37,615 05 56,313 25 56,313 25 32,186 72 1,021 55 33,208 27 29,155 19 410 55 29,565 74 26,787 75 2,162 31 28,950 06 25,406 34 470 85 25,877 19 CHAPTER XT. POLITICAL HISTORY. First Elections — Names of Voters — Result of Election — Elections of May and August, 1820 — Election of August, 1822, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1828 — Change in the Political Aspect of Cooper County in 1840 — Whig Convention held at Eocheport — Henry Clay and James K. Polk Campaign Song — Whig Convention at Boonville in 1844 — Organiza- tion of Know-Nothing Party — Conventions of 1881-64 — Politics not entirely consid- ered at Elections during the first Thirty Years — Pro-Slavery Convention. " Then none was for a party; Then all were for the state ; Then the great man helped the poor, And the poor man loved the great." The first election after Cooper county was organized was held on the second day of August, 1819, to elect a delegate to congress from the territory of Missouri. John Scott and Samuel Hammond were the candidates. John Scott had 117 votes and Samuel Hammond 21 votes, making the total vote of the county 138. The townships which voted at said election were Arrow Kock, Miami, Tabeaux and Lamine, which included the town of Boonville ; but the votes cast in Tabeaux township were thrown out, because the poll book of said township did not state for whom the votes were cast, and this poll book was not put on file with the others. Therefore, the only votes counted were those cast in the other three townships. Eobert P. Clark, county clerk, called to his aid James Bruifee and Benjamin F. Hickox, two justices of the peace, to assist him in counting the votes. As our readers may have some curiosity to know the names of those who voted at this first election, we give them as follows : — ARROW ROCK TOWNSHIP. William Jobe, Samuel Clevenger, William Hays, James Wilhite, Simon Odle, Jesse Voves, Phavess Clevenger, John Chapman, Jack Clevenger, William Cooper, Baker Martin, William Jobe, William White, James Anderson, Jacob Catoon, John Ingram, vote rejected. (736) HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 737 Judges of election were, James Anderson, William Cooper and William Jobe ; and clerks, John Ingram and James Wilhite. MIAMI TOWNSHIP. Andy Russell, Daniel McDowell, John D. Thomas, William Shaw, Joel Nowlin, Christopher Martin, Henry Estus, The judges of election were, "William Estes, Charles English, Henry Hide, William Warden, William Gladin, John Evans, Jesse Gilliam. John D. Thomas, John Evans and Jesse Gilliam ; and clerks, Charles English and William Gladin, LAMINE TOWNSHIP. John H. Moore, Joseph Smith, Frederick Connor, William Gibson, Humphrey Gibson, Stephen Cole, Jr., Muke Box, Jacob Eller, William H. Curtis, William Moore, James Turner, Jr., Robert P. Clark, Joseph Dillard. John J. Clark, John Hiburn, David Burress, Jr., Robert Boyd, Robert Wallace, Dedrick Ewes, Samuel Smith, Jordan O'Bryan, Abraham Jobe, Lewis Letney, Ephraim Marsh, Eli N. Henry, James Reid, James Hill, David Ward, Samuel Peters, Littleton Seat, James Scott, Drury Wallace, Job Self, William Bartlett, Jacob McFarland, Andrew A. Reavis, William Savage, James McCarty, Jr., Luke Williams, Frederick Thomas, John Roberts, Geo. Cathey, Sr., Asa Morgan, William George, Sr. David Fine, George Fennile, James Snodgrass, Joseph Byler, Frederick Shirley, Joseph Westbrook, John Grover, Edward Carter, Abraham Shelly, Wm. Burk, Wm. Snodgrass, Peter Carpenter, Thomas Butcher, David McFarland, Alexander Brown, Jesse F. Roiston, Nicholas McCarty, John Swearingen, George Potter, John Potter, 738 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. David Burress, Sr., Joseph Scott, Mansfield Hatfield, John Eoss, Wm. Deakitis, John Nunu, Wm. H. Anderson, James Bruffee, Eli Roberts, Charles Force, John Miller, Larkin Dewitt, Peter Stephens, Joseph M. Bernard, Samuel D. Eeavis, James A. Reavis, Wm. Warden, Samuel Snodgraas, Delany Bowlin, Jacob Thomas, Sr., Wm. Bowlin, Ephraim Ellison, Benj.F. Hickox, William McFarland, George Crawford, . William Ross, John Savage. Hiram Musich, vote rejected, William Mitchell, vote rejected. Joseph Cathey, George Cathey, Jr., Levi Odeneal, John Cathey, Gabriel Titts worth, Stephen Cole, Sr., Charles B. Mitchell, James Long, George Houx, Fleming F. Mitchell, John McClure, •David Trotter, Mathias Houx, William Chambers, David McGee, Thomas Rogers, James McCarty, Sr., William Dillard, Lawrence C. Stephens, William D. Wilson, Nicholas M. Fain, Frederick Houx, Jacob Thomas, Jr., William Fraser, Nicholas Houx, Anderson Demesters, Peyton Hurt, Zepheniah Bell, John Green, vote rejected, Thomas Brown, vote rejected, The judges of election were, James Bruffee, Benjamin F. Hickox and William McFarland ; and clerks, George Crawford and Wil- liam Ross. It will be observed, that the first vote cast within the present limits of Cooper county, was cast by John H. Moore, who died many years ago ; and the fourth vote by William Gibson, who is the only one who voted at that election who is still alive, that is, so far as is known to the author. Yet this may be a mistake, as many of them, years ago, moved from this county, and have not been heard from since then, although they may still be alive. That election took place sixty-four years ago, therefore, a man would have to be, at the pres- ent day, eight-five years of age to have cast a legal vote then. The wives of but two of them are still living, viz. : Mrs. L. C. Stephens and Mrs. Frederick Houx. The next election for delegates to the state convention, to frame a constitution for the state of Missouri, was held on the 1st, 2d, and HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 739 3d days of May, 1820. The following was the result in this county : Robert P. Clark received 557 votes ; Kobert Wallace, 395 ; William Lillard, 400; Charles Woods, 295; Richard W. Cummins, 359; Kobert Johnson 106 ; Eobert Fristoe, 97 ; Henry Rennick, 91 ; George Sibley, 45 ; Peyton Nowlin, 31 ; Julius Emmons, 2 ; William Ross, 11. Robert P. Clark, William Lillard, and Robert Wallace, as shovvn by the vote, were elected. The townships in which this election was held, were as follows : Townships. Votes Cast. Arrow Rock - - - 120 Lamine __-_____. 408 Tabeaux 150 Moreau - -- _____ 101 Miami - 40 Total vote of Cooper county - _ _ _ 819 At the time of this election, Cooper county was bounded on the east and south by the Osage river, on the west by the Iudian territory, and on the north oy the Missouri river. Lamine township then in- cluded about all within the present limits of Cooper county, and some territory not now included in its limits. The next election was held on the 28th day of August, 1820, to elect a member of congress, and the state and county officers. The following townships voted at this election : Townships. Votes Oast. Arrow Rock -___-____ 57 Lamine __-__-____ 503 Jefferson _______ _ no Osage ____ _____ 78 Miami - - - 28 Moreau ___ _ ____7i Tabeaux -____-_-_- 125 Total vote of Cooper county - - - 972 The following shows the result of this election : For Congress. Votes Received. John Scott -762 For Governor. Alex. McNair - - 766 Win. Clark 196 For Lieut. Governor. Nathaniel Cook 573 Win. H. Ashley - - 295 740 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. For Representatives. Votes Beceived. James Edgar ___ _____ 139 Thos. Rogers - - _____ elected, 549 Wm. McFarland - - - - - 4.5 Thos. Smiley - - elected, 528 Abram Jobe ___--_-__ 5 John Dickson ___- ____ 155 Abel Owens - 310 Sam. D. Reavis - _______ 157 David Jones -- ______ 380 William Lillard - elected, 532 Jason Harrison ---- ---94 John Corum ___ _____30 John D. Thomas,! - - 121 William Wier j_- 8 For Sheriff. Wm. H. Curtis ______ elected, 549 Wm. H. Moore ------- - 102 Jas. Alexander - -- ---134 B. W. Levens -- ______ 45 Wm. Kelly - 67 John Briscoe __. _ _ _ 59 For Ooronor. Bryant Sanders ------- elected, 332 J. C. Rochester --------- 132 Edward Bradley 165 Of the above list of candidates all have gone to their long homes, not one being left alive. And of the 503 voters, then voting in La- mine township, which included all of the present territory of Cooper county, there are only four known to be alive, viz. : — William Gibson, Samuel Cole, Henry Corum and Lewis Edgar, all still living within the limits of this county. The result of the election which took place in the year 1822, was as follows : — For Congress. Votes Beceived. John Scott ---__.-__- 316 Alex. Stewart ----- _ 132 J. B. C. Lucas 72 For Representatives. Benj. F. Hickox - - elected, 364 Jordan O'Bryan ------- elected, 380 Austin K. Longan ------- elected, 229 Jas. McFarland 211 Thos. Rogers 119 William Ross --_____-- 73 Samuel D. Reavis ---------65 William Bryant 44 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 741 For Sheriff. Votes Received. Sylvester Hall elected, 328 David P. Maban 174 For Coroner. Thomas Riggs __._ 174 William Poor was the first constable elected for Lamine town- ship, that officer having been, prior to that time, appointed by the courts. It will be observed that the vote was much smaller in 1822 than it had been in 1820. This was caused by the territory of the county being much diminished, by the formation of Cole and Saline counties from it. ELECTIONS IN 1824. Cooper county voted for Henry Clay for president, in 1824. Only four poll books of this election could be found, which show that Henry Clay had 136 votes, and Andrew Jackson 53 votes. It was done as a debt of gratitude to Clay, for his great services, as a member of congress, in the struggle of the state of Missouri for ad- mission into the Union. She was admitted under certain conditions, viz. : — That the fourth clause of the twenty-sixth section of the third article of the constitution of the state, shall never be construed to authorize the passage of any law, and no law shall be passed in con- formity thereto, by which any citizen of the United States shall be excluded from the enjoyment of any of the privileges and immunities of citizens, to which such citizens are entitled under the constitution of the United States. The legislature of Missouri assented to the conditions on the twenty-sixth day of June, 1821, and by proclamation of the presi- dent, James Monroe, the state was admitted on the tenth day of August, 1821. The constitution of the state of Missouri was adopted on the nineteenth day of July, 1820, without submitting it to the people. David Barton was president of the convention. He died at the house of William Gibson, about one mile east of the city of Boonville, in the month of September, 1837, and was buried in Walnut Grove cemetery, at Boonville. The question of the admission of Missouri into the Union created great excitement in Congress and .all over the United States, the main point of difference, between the opposing factions, being the slavery question, which gave rise to what was called " The Mis- souri Compromise." 742 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. The following is the result of the election held in August, 1824: — For Congress. , Votes Received. John Scott ---- 507 G. F. Strother - 81 Robert Wash _.___---- 5 For Governor. Frederick Bates ---_ 249 William H. Ashley - - 347 For Lieutenant-Governor. Benjamin F. Reavis - - - 501 Nathaniel Cook ---38 William C. Carr - - - - ... 9 James Evans __-_-----3 For State Senator. George Crawford --------- 513 James Miller ---------78 James McCampbell ____-_-- 24 For 'Representative. Benjamin F. Hickox - - elected, 473 George W. Weight ------ elected, 404 Jordan O'Bryan --------- 333 Joseph Billingsley _____--. 289 For Sheriff. Marcus Williams - - ■ - - - - - elected, 389 J. H. Hutchison - - 222 For Coroner. Hugh Allison 204 Constable Boonville Township. William R. Paine - - - 87 William C. Porter -------- 80 Hugh Allison - - 23 Owen Ruble ---- 14 William W. Adams 4 1825. On the eighth day of December, 1825, there was held a special election for governor, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Fred- erick Bates. David Todd, John Miller, William C. Carr and Rufus Easton were the candidates. David Todd received a large majority in Cooper county. 1826. At the election on the first Monday in August, 1826, John Scott and Edward Bates were candidates for congress. Scott had a majority of 124 iu the county. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 743 Michael Dunn, Jordan O'Bryan, James L. Collins and John H. Hutchison were candidates for representatives. Michael Dunn and Jordan O'Bryan were elected. W- H. Anderson and David P. Mahan were candidates for sheriff. Anderson was elected by fifty- three majority, and Hugh Allison was elected coroner. 1828. This was the first election in which party lines were closely drawn , for before that men had voted for the man whom they considered best qualified, and not because he belonged to any party. The poll books of the presidential election could not be found, but the August election for representative in congress and county officers, having the same principles at issue, will show pretty clearly how the presidential elec- tion went. There were two tickets, viz. : Adams and Jackson, and the tickets on which the men were who were elected, is marked oppo- site to their names. The following is the result of the August election : — For Congress. Votes Received. Edward Bates (Adams) - - .... 258 Spencer Pettis (Jackson) ------- 492 For Governor. John Miller (Jackson) - 662 For Lieutenant Governor. Samuel Perry (Adams) _.____- 201 Daniel Durklin (Jackson ) ___.--- 381 Alex. Stuart - ___. _ . 7 Alex. Buckner --------- 87 Felix Leatt 42 For State Senator. Jordan O'Bryan (Adams) - 292 John Miller (Jackson) ------- 455 For Representative. Archie Kavanaugh (Jackson) - - - - 499 David Jones (Jackson) - 508 Michael Dunn (Adams) - - - 240 George W. Weight (Adams) ... - 263 For Sheriff. David P. Mahan (Adams) ------- 326 Joseph S. Anderson (Jackson) - - - - 435 For Coroner. Hugh Allison ----- - 122 At the election in November, 1828, the county voted for Jackson over Adams by a majority of about two hundred and thirty votes ; and also in 1832 Jackson was re-elected, and received a large majority in this county. 744 HISTORY or HOWARD and cooper counties. The county also gave a small majority to Martin Van Buren in 1836. The county remained democratic until 1840, when the whigs made a clean sweep, electing their full ticket. Reuben A. Ewing, a whig, was elected state senator over David Jones, democrat ; and John Gr. Miller, Jordan O'Bryan and Lawrence C. Stephens, whigs, over John Miller, B. F. Hickox and Henry Crowther, democrats, by an average majority of about seventy-five votes. There was great ex- citement during this election, and politics ran very high. The whigs held public meetings in regular order on each succeeding Saturday in each township, until the full rounds were made. They had a band of music, flags and banners, with mottoes ; they had also songs appro- priate for the occasion, and eloquent speakers, promineut among whom were John G. Miller, Jordan O'Bryan, John C. Richardson, Robert C. Harrison and others. The democrats did not make much display, but condemned the same as humbuggery, and as an effort to win votes by exciting the people. They held their meetings and had frequent public speakings without any display or show. Their candidates for the legislature were John Miller, Benjamin F. Hickox and Henry Crowther. The state convention for Harrison and Tyler, was held at Roche- port in June, 1840, which lasted three days. Seven steamboats were chartered by the delegates for the occasion, each of which had its band of music, two cannons, a log cabin and hard cider, and made a fine display of flags and banners with mottoes inscribed thereon. The most distinguished whigs of the state were there, and many noted speakers from other states, among whom was the son of Daniel Web- ster. Their line of march was the grandest ever witnessed in Missouri. They had in the procession long canoes on wheels, and in them some of those who were engaged in the battle of Tippecanoe, in the act of paddling the canoes as they marched along. Every delegation had a large flag or banner, and many similar ones bearing thereon suitable inscriptions. The cause of this extraordinary campaign was, that times were and had been very hard for several years past, and as people are prone to lay their ills and misfortunes to the charge of somebody or party other than themselves, they then charged that Martin Van Buren and the Democratic party were the authors of their misfortunes. The cry was reform, a national bank with a branch in every state, and a protective tariff. The result was that Harrison and Tyler were elec- ted by a large majority. Harrison died within one month after his inau- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 745 guration, and John Tyler became president. Several national bank charters were passed by congress, but the president vetoed them all. Times continued hard until the Mexican war ; from that time till 1857 they gradually improved, and from 1861 to 1873, times were good and money plenty. But since 1873, history has repeated itself, times have been very hard, and money of any kind difficult to get, and still more difficult to keep. 'Tis a repetition of the old saying, " money close, but not close enough to get hold of." The county remained whig as long as the party lived. The last candidate on the whig ticket was General Scott, who was defeated by Franklin Pierce. The campaign of 1844 was lively, with more parade and osten- tation on the part of the whigs than was exhibited in 1840. For president, Henry Clay was the nominee of the whig party, and James K. Polk of the democratic party. .HENRY CLAY AND JAMES K. POLK CAMPAIGN SONG. During the canvass of 1843 between Henry Clay, of Kentucky, and James K. Polk, of Tennessee, for president, many campaign songs were written, but none was more popular than the following, which was the effusion of some Boonville poet. The writer heard it sung quite often when he was a boy. It was written for the Boonville Register, during the campaign of 1843 : — HENRY CLAY AND JAMBS K. POLK. " The whigs call Henry Clay a coon, And say he'll be elected soon; But James K. Polk will go it alone, And make old Henry walk jaw-bone. So get out of the way, old Kentucky, And clear the track for one more lucky. " The whigs cried out for ' home pertection,' And think to gain old Clay's election. They hold conventions, shout and sing, ' Huzza for Clay ! ' he is our king. But get out of the way, old Kentucky, etc. " The whigs of '40 did invent All schemes to elect their president, And were successful, it is true, Bufnow ' humbuggery ' will not do. So get out of the way, etc. " Their coon-skin shows and barrels of cider Have opened the people's eyes some wider; They cannot now be gulled so soon By this very same old coon. So get out of the way, etc. 746 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. " The squatters on the public land Will all unite into one band; Then will the ' lawless rabble ' say, You cannot come it, Henry Clay. So get out of the way, etc. " The people of this mighty nation Will not submit to coon dictation ; So Mr. Clay may rest content, He never can be president. So get out of the way," etc. WHIG CONVENTION, 1844. The largest political convention that was ever held in Boonville, and possibly the largest ever held in the state prior to that time, oc- curred during the year 1844, and continued for two days, during the 10th and 11th of October. At sunrise on the morning of the 10th a national salute was fired, and quite early in the day the people were formed into a procession and passed to the southern skirts of the city, in the following order : — First, the splendid band from Jefferson barracks. Next the Pilot Grove and Pisgah rangers, an independent cavalry company. Then the delegation from Howard county, with banner with por- trait of Henry Clay, represented as advocating the "American system." Next came the Washington county delegation, bearing a banner with motto : " The Union, first, last and forever." Then the Benton county delegation, vvith a humorous banner. A coon was represented as seated on a limb of a sturdy old ash tree, while a crowd of men were trying to beat him off with poke stalks. Another banner bore the inscription : " Protection to American industry." The inscription of the Monroe county delegation was: "The dying request of the lamented Harrison will be carried out by Henry Clay." On one side of the Linn county banner were the words : " Soli- tary and alone, 350 miles from home. Keep the ball in motion. From the ladies of St. Louis." On the reverse side : " To Dryden, of Linn, we ladies send ou"t A banner unfurled, with our wishes devout, That you be not alone in your efforts to save The land of the free and the home of the brave." The Boone county delegation carried a banner with the following device on one side. A large fat coon rolling u ball over a cluster of HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 747 poke stolks ; on the reverse side a wagon driven by Polk, containing three individuals including the driver, and drawn by a poor old horse that was just ready to break down, over which was inscribed " Bound for Texas." The Callaway county banner bore the inscription : — Henry Clay : — Star of the West, we hail thy rays, The brighter beams of brighter days. The banner of the Rocheport Clay club, was made of domestic, suspended in a rudely constructed ash frame trimmed off with tobacco. The staves by which it was carried, were made of hemp stalks, bound together; inscription "Our next president — Henry Clay; Texas without dishonor." Then came the St. Louis delegation with a banner bearing the words : " A Nation's gratitude, the Patriot's re- ward." The inscription on the silken banner ef the Cooper county dele- gation was : — Our cause is good, our cause is just, Triumph we can, triumph we must. Presented by the whig ladies of Moniteau. Finally came the Ashland club, with a magnificient banner. On one side of it was the picture of Henry Clay ; on the other was the picture of an eagle perched high on a firm, immovable rock. Some of these banners were painted by Mr. Bingham, who at one time resided in Old Franklin, and who has since become famous for his paintings, representing scenes and incidents of the war of 1861. The number of people present was estimated to be 8,000, fully 2,000 of whom were ladies. The following were the officers of the convention : — President — Thomas J. Boggs. Vice-presidents — James H. Lucas, St. Louis county ; R. R. Rees, Jackson county ; T. M. Ewing, Lafayette county ; Samuel Garth, Henry county; Robert Ferguson, Benton county ; J. L. Young, Polk county ; Caleb Edmonson, Pettis county; A. Nifong, Madison county ; J. B. Duncan, Callaway county ; James Harrison, Audrain county ; George H. Sexton, Boone county ; Thomas C. Johnson, Washington county ; Samuel C. Major, Howard county; Gihnore Hays, Saline county; Thomas G. Davis, Morgan county ; Henry Bell, Clay county ; Robert Wilson, Randolph county ; John Howell, Carroll county ; R. P. Price, Chariton county ; W. B. Woodruff, Linn county ; Elias Barcroff, Cole county ; Hugh L. Arm- strong, Newton county ; Benjamin Cummings, Miller county ; Calvin 748 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Waldo, St. Clair county; T. G. Noel, Platte county; C. Brown, Monroe county ; G. Hornbeck, Jasper county ; James McFarland, Camden county ; D. Hilbert, Franklin county. Speeches were made by General John B. Clarkson, Sr., Mr. Bidgeley of LaFayette, Colonel Tutt of Henry, Colonel Joe Davis of Howard, Hon. C. Allen of Kentucky, B. B. Bees of Jackson, and others. Among the letters read upon that occasion from distinguished whigs who were absent, were those of Governor Jones, of Tennes- see ; Hon. George Eobertson, of Kentucky ; S. S. Prentiss, of Missis- sippi ; Louis V. Bogy and others. Clay, in 1844, Taylor, in 1848, and Scott, in 1852, received a majority of the votes cast in this county. Taylor was elected in 1848, but he died in about one year after his inauguration, and Millard Fillmore, vice-president, be- came the president. About 1854, the American or know nothing party sprang into existence. This party was short-lived, being first defeated at a state election in Virginia, and its members deserted it as rats do a sinking ship. Many old line whigs joined the democratic party, and the democrats, who were quite numerous in the know nothing party, returned to their first love, and some aspiring ones denied that they had " ever been there." A large majority of the old line whigs formed an opposition party, and voted for Millard Fillmore for president, in 1856. At that time there were three candidates for president in th,e field, viz. : James Buchanan, democrat, Millard Fillmore, American, and John C. Fremont, republican. There was no ticket in Cooper county for Fremont. Millard Fillmore carried Cooper county over James Buch- anan by about eight votes, so nearly even were the two parties. At the next presidential election in 1860, the candidates were Stephen A. Douglas, union democrat, John C. Breckenridge, southern democrat, Abraham Lincoln, republican, John Bell, union. Douglas carried Cooper county by a small majority, Bell running him close. Breckenridge had a small vote, and Lincoln but twenty votes. The names of those who voted for Lincoln were afterwards published in the newspapers, as an item of curiosity. Abraham Lincoln, republican, and George B. McClellan, demo- ""at, were the candidates for president in 1864. Lincoln carried Cooper county by a large majority. No great interest was taken in the election in this county. There was no restriction as to the voters at that time, but many democrats did not vote, and the republicans generally turned out in full force. The republicans carried the county HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 749 at every election until 1872 ; the restrictions and the " test oath " having been almost unanimously abolished in 1870, by a vote of the people. The democrats have been ever since in the majority in the county, their majority being about 800. There was a state convention called in 1845, for the purpose or framing a new constitution, and Dr. F. W. G. Thomas was elected a delegate from this county. In 1846, the convention submitted the constitution which they had framed to the people of the state, and it was voted down by a large majority. In 1861, a convention was called to consider the relations of this state to the Federal Union, and to take such action in regard to the existing troubles (the late war of the union having then commenced), as they should deem best for the interests of the state. The candi- dates for delegates to the state convention were William Douglas and Benjamin Tompkins, of Cooper county; Charles Drake, of Moniteau county, and J. P. Ross and William Tutt, of Morgan county, — these three counties then comprising the twenty-eighth senatorial district. William Douglas, Charles Drake and J. P. Ross were elected. The history of the action of this convention having been incorporated in other general histories, and so widely circulated, it is unnecessary to repeat it here. Another convention was called in 1864. Two delegates were allowed to each senatorial district. Harvey Buuce, of Cooper county, and Joel F. Humes, of Moniteau county, were elected delegates for the twenty-eighth senatorial district. The delegates met at St. Louis, and on the eleventh day of January, 1865, declared " that slavery or involuntary servitude shall no longer exist in Missouri." They framed a new constitution which has always been known as the " Drake constitution," submitted the same to the voters of the state, and it was adopted by a small majority. It is a well-known fact that from 1853 to 1860, party spirit did not prevail in elections, except as to state, congressional, and legisla- tive candidates. In the elections in 1853 and in 1859, for the elec- tion of judges and clerks and other officers, party was scarcely mentioned. Every candidate had to stand upon his own merits ; and that was generally the case as to county officers from the organization of this county to the election in 1860. It is true, local questions would sometimes interfere and govern the votes of some, yet they seldom nominated party candidates for county officers, partisanship being confined almost exclusively to the nomination of national and state tickets. 49 750 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. At a whig convention in 1840 at Old Palestine, after nomi- nating candidates for the legislature, it was proposed to make a nom- ination for sheriff. After considerable debate this proposition was voted down, for the reason that the office was not considered a political one. This statement may sound strange to some, considering the way nominations and elections are governed at the present day, but it is nevertheless true ; and in proof of this the records show that while the democrats were in power, John H. Hutchison was twice elected sheriff, James Hill, sheriff once, John Crawford, assessor for several years, and Robert P. Clark, circuit clerk. All of these men were uncompromising whigs. And, while the whigs were in power, Isaac Lionberger and B. E. Ferry were each elected sheriff two terms, making eight years ; B. E. Ferry was also twice elected county clerk, Robert Turner, assessor, and William Shields, a member of the state legislature ; and all of these men were strong democrats. It is true, the citizens would vote for the candidate of their own party, if they deemed his qualifications for filling the office equal to those of his opponent, and some, though the number was small, always " stuck to " the nominee of their own party when opposite partisans were running. Great interest was generally taken in elections. There was much more interest in and excitement over elections just before than after the war. But, previous to the war, elections did not partake of that bitter personal feeling which has characterized them since. Those in opposition could be political enemies and personal friends. The people of this section of the country are proud to say that animosities, which were naturally engendered during the war, are gradually dying away, and, if left undisturbed for a few years, will only be things of the past, and have no real existence except upon the pages of history. INCIDENT OF THE CAMPAIGN OF 1844. [From Boonville Observer.] One of the most shameful acts that we have ever known perpe- trated in any community or on any occasion, was committed in this city on last Friday night, at the Whig gathering in the court-house, where a part of the convention had assembled to hear speaking. Some de- based wretch during the evening, cut the Howard and Lafayette ban- ners which had the portraits of Mr. Clay on them. They were cut about the throat of the picture, and also in other places. If a democrat used the hand and knife that slit those banners, we do not know that it would be much too severe a punishment upon him to be served like- wise. No prudent democrat can object to the whig party's emblems or banners. It is the privilege of all parties in this country to have HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 751 them, and an uplifted voice of indignation should chase the wretch who will molest the banner of his opponent when exercising only the same privilege that our institutions guarantee to him. As a democrat, we sincerely regret that so mean an act could have been committed here on that occasion. The C. club here, we understand, has offered a reward of $100 for the detection of the man who committed this foul staiu upon our community ; and the democrats will do their utmost also, to detect him. In a political point of view it will do no harm, but good citizens want no man who is capable of such a deed among them. COOPER COUNTY PRO— SLAVERY MEETING. At a meeting of the citizens of Cooper county, held at Bell Air, on Saturday, June 30,1855, for the purpose of appointing delegates to attend the pro-slavery convention to be held at Lexington, Missouri, on the 12th day of July, 1855, the following delegates were appointed : — Boonville township — J. L. Stephens, W. Douglass, A. W. Simp- son, J. M. Nelson, J. W. Torbert, W. N. Ragland, Isaac Lionber- ger, Jno. Combs, T. V. Hickox, Benj. Tompkins. Lamine township — Freeman Wing, Jesse B. Turley, S. W. Mc- Mahan. Saline township — John L. O' Bryan, W. T. Thornton, J. K. Eaglaud, A. W. Lucky. Clark's Fork township — Robert McCulloch, Henry Mills, A. Greenhalgh, Chas. Q. Lewis. Moniteau township — A. K. Longan, D. Jones, D. P. Swearingen, J. Baughman, Dr. Win. H. Ellis. Kelly township — W. McCurdy, A. Nelson, Dr. E. Chilton. Palestine township — Wm. Bradley, R. L. Bradley, B. C. Clark, R. H. Menefee, James L. Bell, L. C. Stephens, R. A. Ewing. Clear Creek township — James B. Harris, Geo. S. Cockrill, H. R. Walker, Thos. Cockrill, Samuel B. Mahan. Pilot Grove township — Dr. W. W. Harriman, Dr. J. K. McCabe, W. M. Taylor, Jno. Miller. Blackwater township — N. Sutherlin, Thos L. Williams, Richard Marshall, John A. Trigg. Lebanon township — Richard Ellis, Thos. McCulloch, Dr. Samuel H. Saunders, H. W. Ferguson, Geo. Harland. L. C. Stephens, president, William Bradley, J. M. Nelson, vice-presidents. Bennett C. Clark, secretary. CHAPTER XYI. WAR HISTORY. Indian Scare on Flat Creek, in Pettis County, in the Year 1832, and the Part the Citizens of Cooper County took in Same — Mormon "War, in 'the Year 1838, and Companies Raised' in Cooper County, at Call of Governor, to Assist in the Same — Company Raised in Cooper County to Take Part in the Mexican War of 1846, and the Actions of Same, Names of Officers, Privates, etc. — The late War of the Rebellion in Cooper County — Battle Below Boonville — Movements of the "Home Guards" in Cooper County — Defeat of Captain Parks by William Anderson — Shelby's Raid into Cooper County, and his Engagements with the Federal Troops — Price's Raid into Cooper County, and | the Battles Fought near Boonville — Bitter Partisan Feeling Engendered During the War, etc. Some time during the year 1832, a report became circulated that the Indians had assumed a hostile attitude, and were attacking the settlers living within the present limits of Pettis county, then part of Cooper and Saline counties. The report that they were slaying men, women and children as they went, spread like "wild fire," and men hurriedly repaired to that part of the county to aid in the defense of the homes of their neighbors. The place of rendezvous for those who went from Cooper county was Wooley's Mill, on the Petite Saline creek, where they organized by electing officers. After they had or- ganized they marched to the supposed seat of war ; and on their ar- rival they found that no Indians had been there, and that it had been entirely a false alarm. These valiant soldiers then returned to their homes, and for a long time it was impossible to find any one who would acknowledge that he had been on that expedition. The origin of this report was as follows: Some men, for their own amusement, dressed themselves and painted their faces, so as to resemble Indians, went to a corn field where a few men were at work plowing, and, giving the Indian yell, shot off their guns, pointed in the direction of the settlers. They, supposing that the disguised men were hostile Indians endeavoring to slay them, took to their heels and spread the alarm, which, with almost lightning rapidity, travelled from neighborhood to neighborhood, and increasing in horror as it went from lip to lip. This originated several anecdotes, among which is the following: A wealthy farmer of Cooper county catching the alarm, buried his (752) HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 753 bacon to save it from the blood-thirsty savages ; then going to a field in which a large number of his negroes were at work, waved his hand and hallooed at the top of his voice, " Put out ! Put out ! The Indians will be upon you ! The Indians will be upon you!" The Africans, taking the alarm, stampeded and scattered in every direction, as though the savages with their tomahawks and scalping-knives were already close upon their heels, when in reality there was not, at that time, an Indian within 100 miles of the place. THE MORMON WAR. The Mormon war took place in the year 1838. The Mormons, when they first arrived in Missouri, located in Jackson county, and the citizens not looking with favor on their customs, and being in- censed at the many crimes which they committed under the guise of their religious views, soon drove them from that place, and they lo- cated in Caldwell county, Missouri. The citizens of that part of the state being determined to drive them entirely from the state, but not having sufficient force to accom- plish the desired end, called upon the governor to send them troops sufficient to expel these false teachers. Governor Lilburn W. Boggs issued a call for 7,000 volunteers to assist in driving the Mormons from the territory over which he had control. In response to this call, three companies were raised in Cooper county. One, called the Boonville guards, composed entirely of citizens of Boonville ; this, under the existing laws of the state, was a standing company, and equipped at the expense of the state govern- ment. The second, a volunteer company raised at Boonville, com- posed of citizens of Boonville and the surrounding neighborhood. Of this company, Jesse J. Turley was captain, Marcus Williams, Jr., first lieutenant, and J. Logan Forsythe, second lieutenant. The third was raised at Palestine, the officers of which are not known. Of the forces raised in Cooper county, Joel E. Woodward was brigadier-gen- eral, Joseph Megguire, inspector-general, and Benjamin E. Ferry, aid-de-camp to General Henry W. Crowther. These companies marched twice towards the Mormon settlement and the seat of war. The first time they marched as far as Jones- borough, Saline county, where the commanders, supposing from re- ports which reached them that there were sufficient troops already at the scene of war to conquer the Mormons, ordered them to return. They were shortly afterwards again ordered to the seat of war, and marched to Lexington, where they crossed the Missouri river. They 754 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. then advanced about two miles into the prairie, and there camped for two days. The Mormon troops having in the meantime surrendered to -General John B. Clark, Sr., these companies returned home with- out having the pleasure of meeting the enemy, or having the opportu- nity of testing their valor. On their arrival at Boonville these troops were disbanded. The Mormons during this short war were commanded by General Weite, an old British officer, who fought against General Jacksou in the battle of New Orleans. The Mormons, after the conclusion of the war, left the state and located at Nauvoo, Illinois, where they remained for several years. Having had a difficulty with the authorities of the state of Illinois, and their prophet and leader, Joseph Smith, having been assassinated, they again " pulled up stakes," and emigrated to the shores of the Great Salt Lake, where they have ever since remained, believing and feeling that they are a persecuted people. The prisoners taken and retained in jail as the leaders of the Mormons were Joseph Smith, Lyman Weite, Hiram Smith, Sydna Regdon, Roberts, Higby, and two others. These men were first im- prisoned in the jail at Richmond, Ray county, and were afterwards removed to the jail at Liberty, Clay county, where they broke jail, escaped pursuit, and were never tried. THE MEXICAN WAR. In the month of May, 1846, a call was made for one company from Cooper county to join troops in Mexico, and assist in subduing that people. On the twenty-first day of that month the following bul- letin extra appeared, and of which the following it a verbatim copy: — Thursday, May 21st, 1846. Volunteers. — A proper spirit seems to animate the citizens of our county and especially the young men. The call for one company from the fifth division has been promptly responded to. Forty-three volunteers were raised by Gen- eral Ferry on Monday in Boonville, and on Tuesday, at Palestine, under the direction of Generals Ferry and Megguire, the number was increased to sixty-one. They then elected their officers, and the fol- lowing gentlemen were chosen : — Joseph L. Stephens, captain, without opposition, who delivered to the volunteers on that occasion a spirited and handsome address. First lieutenant, Newton Williams. Second lieutenant, H. C. Levens. First sergeant, John D. Stephens. Second sergeant, William T. Cole. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 755 Third sergeant, Richard Norris. Fourth sergeant, James S. Hughes. First corporal, Tipton Prior: Second corporal, A. B. Cele. ' Third corporal, Wesley Amick. Fourth corporal, A. G. Baber. The company, thus organized, assembled in Boonville on Wed- nesday, where they were exercised in military duty by their accom- plished and gallant young captain. The following is a list of the privates : — Thomas Bacon, Samuel D. Burnett, Jacob Duval I, Charles Salsman, Ewing E. Woolery, Heli Cook, Joel Coffee, Joel Epperson, Jesse Epperson, Hiram Epperson, John McDowell, J. E. P. Wilcoxson, T. T. Bowler, William Sullans, Horatio Bruce, William J. Jeffreys, James M. Jeffreys, Hiram Burnam, Edward S. D. Miller, John Whitlev, Benj. P. Ford, Philip Summers, George W. Campbell, Samuel R. Lemons, John R. Johnson, Thompson Seivers, Charles F. Kine, Jesse Nelson, John Colbert, Robt. Rhea, Edmond G. Cook, John B. Bruce, Jas. P. Lewis, Benj. C. Lampton, Oliver G. Ford, U. E. Rubey, W. B. Rubev, W. H. Stephens, John M. Kelly, George Mock, Samuel Elliott, Alpheus D. Hickerson, Edmond Eubank, Henderson C. Martin, Sprague White, Wm. Woolsey, Martin Allison, Henry Francis, Robt. H. Bowles, Justinian McFarland, Nathaniel T. Ferd, James H. Jones, James C. Ross, Richard Hulett. They departed to-day (Thursday) on the steamer L. F. Linn, for St. Louis, where they will be armed and equipped, and imme- diately transported to the army of occupation on the Rio Grande. Our best wishes attend them. May victory ever perch upon their ban- ners, and may they all return home to their friends full of honors, with the proud' reflection that they have served their country faith^ fully. When the steamer Louis F. Linn, Eaton, captain, Jewell, clerk, arrived at Boonville, on her downward trip, the company formed in line on the upper deck and many friends passed along the line, bid- 756 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ding farewell and shaking 1 each volunteer bv the hand. The landing was crowded with people. The boat soon started, with cheers from the multitude, and waving of handkerchiefs by the ladies. INCIDENTS OF THE VOYAGE. The steamer laid up for the first night at Nashville, which is about fifteen miles below Eocheport. The members of the company were all jolly fellows, and jest and laughter made the time pass pleas- antly and quickly. The most of them had never been from home, and longed, with the anxiety of children, to see new countries and to take part in other than every day affairs of their lives. Lieutenant Levens being on watch the latter part of the night aftertheyhad left Boonville, heard a terrible splash in the water, and on inquiring for the cause discovered that one of his men had fallen overboard. The deck-hands rescued him, and soon afterwards another of the company followed the example of his comrade, and was rescued by the same men. The lieutenant becoming alarmed for the safety of the men of the company, waked up the captain, informed him of what had happened, and told him that if he did not take measures to prevent it he might have his company considerably di- minished before they reached St. Louis, if the men continued to fall overboard as rapidly as they had commenced. The captain was greatly surprised at such unexpected accidents, and placed out a strong guard, which prevented any more occurrences of the kind. The trouble was that some of the men before leaving Boonville had imbibed rather freely of intoxicants, and having never been on board of a boat before, imagined they were on land and walked off without being aware of their changed circumstances. They arrived at St. Louis without further accident, and were quartered at the court-house without any blankets to cover them, or any place except the naked benches on which to sleep. Most of the company expecting to draw their clothing and blankets at Jefferson barracks, had nothing but the shirt and pants which they had worn from home. Captain Stephens' company was mustered into service by General Eobert Campbell. General Taylor, having gained an important vic- tory over the Mexicans, and it being thought that he would be able to conquer his enemies without any further reinforcements, Captain Ste- phens' company were ordered back, and directed to report to Adju- tant General Parsons at Jefferson City, whither they hastened on the same boat, expecting orders from him to join Doniphan's expedition HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 757 to New Mexico. General Parsons informed the captain that he had no requisition for Cooper county, hut to hold his company in readi- ness to march when called on. The members of the company were very much disappointed at being thus summarily dismissed to their homes, and felt very indignant at what they considered such shabby treatment ; and though the company was ready and willing, during the whole of the war, to go to the field of battle on the shortest no- tice, it was not called upon. Some of the members of the company were so determined to go that they joined other companies of General Doniphan's command. The company, although gone from home only a short time, had a rough introduction to military life, having been forced to live on " hard tack" on the trip to St. Louis and return, without bedding of any kind, and many of the men without a change of clothes. Mrs. Andrews, an estimable lady of St. Louis, treated the company to as many pies as the men could eat, for which they felt always grateful to her. But very few of the company had ever seen St. Louis, or any other city, and it was a pleasing and wonderful sight to these men, who had, during all their lives, been accustomed only to the quiet scenes of their every-day life. The company, as it passed through the streets, seemed, from the numbers who stopped to gaze at it, to attract as much attention as a fantastic company, on account of the queer costumes, arms and manners. As the company expected to draw its uniforms at the " Great City," and as the men expected to throw their citizen's suits away, they were not particular what they wore when they started from home. Most of them, being dressed in backwoods style, without uniform or arms, made a rather ludicrous appearance to city folks. But the men cared little for that, and some of the city gents were made to measure their lengths upon the pavement for their uncalled-for remarks in regard to the personal appearance and manners of the strangers. Some of the, men of the company, while in St. Louis, had a row with some merchants on Water street for insulting one of their num- ber. After some little quarreling, the merchants threatened to have them arrested and confined in the calaboose ; but they were told if that threat was executed, they would level the calaboose, and if that was not sufficient to show their power, they would level the whole city, and that they had sufiicient men to accomplish that undertak- ing. So, the merchants, becoming alarmed, did not attempt to have the threat executed, and the difficulty was filially arranged without any serious consequences. On their return up the Missouri 758 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. river, on the same boat on which they had gone down to St. Louis, a finely dressed " gentleman " unthoughtedly made the remark that " these soldiers were a rough set." The officers of Captain Stephens' and Captain Eeid's companies demanded that he should be put ashore, and at the' next landing he was made to " walk the plank," amidst shouts and cheers from the crowd. They thus gave him an opportu- nity of travelling on the next boat, where, perhaps, he might meet with passengers more congenial to his nature, and where he would not be forced to associate with those whom he considered beneath him in the social scale. After this they proceeded without further incident to Boonville, where they were met by crowds of their friends and acquaintances, who, with loud cheers, welcomed them home. Soon after they ar- rived, the company was disbanded by the captain, with orders to be ready to assemble and march to the seat of war on very short notice. From that time to the close of the war the members of the company were prepared at all times to march to the front, whenever their ser- vices should be required, but they were never ordered forward to take part in the great struggle which had then been transferred to the ene- my's country. This is the only part the citizens of Cooper county took in the war of 1846, and though they did not partake directly in the struggle, they showed their readiness to do so, by organizing and keeping in readiness to march a company composed of some of the best citizens. LATE WAR OF THE REBELLION. We would like to pass the history of this war, and leave it to be recorded by future historians, when the passions and bitter feelings engendered shall have passed away and been forgotton ; but it is cer- tain that it is not wise for the recorder of events to omit to tell the simple truth for fear that it may grate harshly upon the ears of some one. He must, impartially, write the facts as they occurred, without showing favor to either side. It is not intended here to give a detailed account of all that transpired during the unhappy conflict of the late war; but the following pages only profess to give, without any com- ment, some of the main facts as they occurred. All that transpired during that memorable struggle would fill a large volume. Cooper county suffered a great deal during the war. Her terri- tory was nearly all the time occupied either by one party or the other, and her citizens were called upon to contribute to the support of first one side and then the other. The first of the actions which took HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 75 9 place within Cooper county, and indeed the seeond engagement of the war, was the BATTLE BELOW BOONVILLE. Governor Jackson and General Price, on the 11th day of June, 1861, left Jefferson City, where the legislature was in session, sought an interview with Generals Lyon and Blair, and made proposi- tions for a compromise, on the basis of neutrality, etc. The two last mentioned generals refused to make any compromise whatever, but claimed the " unrestricted right to move and station the troops of the_ United States throughout the State, whenever and wherever that might, in the opinion of the officers, be necessary, either for the pro- tection of loyal citizens of the federal government, or for the repelling of an invasion." Governor Jackson and General Price, after this unsuccessful en- deavor to bring about peace, returned to Jefferson city, and the gov- ernor issued a proclamation, calling into the active service of the state 50,000 men. General Lyon, a few days afterwards, issued a counter proclamation, in justification of his course in refusing to compromise with Governor Jackson and General Price. General Lyon then moved his troops to Jefferson City, and on his arrival at that place, he found that Governor Jackson had moved his forces fifty miles above, to Boonville, cutting the telegraph lines, and destroying the bridges on the railway as he proceeded. General Lyon, leaving Colonel Boernstein in command of a small force at the capital, on the afternoon of the 16th day of June, 1861, embarked his forces on three steamers, and ascending the Missouri river, they arrived at Rocheport about six o ? clock on the following morning. There he ascertained that the state troops, under General Marmaduke (Price at that time being sick), were in full force a few miles below Boonville, and that resistance might be expected from them, should he attempt to reach Boonville by that road. Leaving this place, and taking the steam ferry-boat, Paul Wilcox with it, General Lyon's command ascended the river to the island, eight miles below Boon- ville, which was reached at about seven o'clock a. m., and on the southern shore of which the command disembarked. No enemy being in sight, and the scouts reporting no sign of any, the troops at once marched up the Missouri river towards Boonville, and followed the road about a mile and a half, to the place where it ascends the bluffs, from the river bottom. At this place, several 8hot8 from General Lyon's scouts announced the driving in of General 760 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Marmaduke's pickets. General Lyon then advanced for nearly a mile, and found General Marmaduke well posted at the brow of the ascent. Captain Totten opened the engagement by throwing a few nine pound bombshells into the entrenchments of the state troops, while the infantry commenced a heavy volley of musketry, which was well replied to, the balls flying thick and fast among the ranks of the troops, and wounding several on both sides. The state troops, under the command of General Marmaduke, were posted in a lane running from the Eocheport road in the direc- tion of the river, and west of the residence of William M. Adams, on the northeast corner of the junction of the two roads. During the fight a couple of bombs were thrown through the east wall of Mr. Adams' house, causing the inmates to retreat to the cellar for protec- tion. A heavy fire from Colonel Shaefer's German infantry, General Lyon's company of regulars, and part of Colonel Blair's regiment, which were stationed on the left of the road, compelled the troops of Geueral Marmaduke to retreat. His force then clambered over the fence into a field of wheat, and again formed in line just on the brow of the hill. They then advanced some twenty steps to meet the federal troops, and for a short time the artillery of Captain Totten was worked with great rapidity. Just at this time the state troops opened a galling fire from a grove just on the left of the federal centre, and from a shed from beyond and still further to the left. What had been before this a skirmish now assumed the magnitude of a battle, which continued only about a half hour. The state troops finding the federals too strong and too well armed and drilled to be successfully opposed by raw recruits — most of them had never been under fire — and having no artillery with which to return the fire from General Lyon's batteries, abandoned the fight and retreated. Cap- tains Cole and Miller took possession of " Camp Bacon " where the state troops for two days had been encamped. General Lyon continued his march towards Boonville. He was met on the hill near the residence of T. W. Nelson, by James H. O'Bryan, acting mayor of Boonville, Judge G. W. Miller, and other prominent citizens, who formally surrendered the town to him, and he immediately marched into and took possession of it. General Marmaduke commanded the state troops on this occasion. General Price was in ill health, and on the day on which the battle occurred he left Boonville on a steamboat for Lexington. Governor Jackson was on the battle-ground in the forenoon, but left Boonville HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 761 on the Georgetown road about eleven o'clock of that day. In this en- gagement two of Lyon's men were killed and nine wounded. Among the state troops, three were killed and several wounded, but the number of these is unknown. Kelly's was the only well organized and well drilled company under the command of General Marmaduke, and it did not participate in the battle. It was said that General Price was opposed to makino- a stand against General Lyon at the time, as all of his troops, except Kelly's company, were raw recruits and very poorly armed and drilled, having rallied at Boonville during the preceding three days. There was considerable controversy among the officers and men, whether, considering the circumstances, a stand or retreat should be made ; but some of the most enthusiastic, whose counsel prevailed, said that they had come to fight and they intended to do so. There were several prisoners taken by General Lyon, but they were afterwards released on parole. The next day after the battle, General Lyon issued a proclama- tion, offering full pardon to all who would lay down their arms, re- turn to their homes, and relinquish their hostility to the United States government; and persons who did this were assured that they would not be molested for past offences. Many who had taken part in the battle availed themselves of the opportunity offered by General Lyon, and some of them never took up arms again during the war. General Lyon remained at Boonville for several weeks, during which time he purchased a large outfit of wagons, horses and mules, paying fair prices for them, no pressing or forced sales being made. He also captured every steamboat that passed down the river. On the third day of July, having received reinforcements of an Iowa regiment, he took his departure for the southwest, his objective point being Springfield. A short time before, General Blair left for Wash- ington, to take his seat in congress, he having been elected a repre- sentative from St. Louis. This being the first battle of the rebellion which was fought on land, the taking of Fort Sumter having occurred only a short time before, produced great excitement throughout the United States, and General Blair on his way to Washington was met by great crowds of his friends, and lionized, feasted and toasted, as the "hero of the hour." Before General Lyon left Boonville, Major Joseph A. Eppstein orgauized two companies of home guards, composed entirely of Ger- mans, which were commanded by him, and threw up fortifications at 762 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES . the old fair grounds. When he moved to Springfield, he left Major Curly, who was shortly afterwards succeeded by Colonel John D. Stephenson, in command at the fortifications. Dr. Quarles was among the killed of the state troops. His body was found in the wheat field late in the evening after the battle, he having been severely wounded in the thigh, and not being discovered, had bled to death. Young MeCutchen was also wounded in the thigh, and was properly cared for, though all their efforts could not save him ; he died a few days after the battle. The death of these two gentlemen, so young, so promising and kind-hearted, cast a gloom over the entire community, and their loss was universally regretted by all parties. The other gentleman killed, who was from Pettis county, was shot in the head, and his name is not recollected. General Parsons, with the artillery belonging to the state troops, arrived too late to engage in the battle. He came in on the Boonville and Tipton road, via Wilkins' bridge, and halted at the top of the hill, south of Boonville, near Dr, William H. Trigg's present residence, where, learning the result of the battle, that General Marmaduke had been defeated and was retreating, took the road leading from Boon- ville to Prairie Lick, in a southwest direction, and soon formed a junction with Governor Jackson's state troops. General Lyon, two days after the battle of Boonville, sent a de- tachment of his force southwest, by way of Syracuse, as far as Florence, Morgan county, in pursuit of Governor Jackson. But finding that the state troops had moved still farther south, the command returned to Boonville without meeting any of Jackson's command. MOVEMENTS OF THE HOME GUARDS IN COOPER COUNTY. General Nathaniel Lyon, on the twentieth day of June, 1861, organized and mustered into service a company of German home guards, consisting of 135 men. Of this compauy Joseph A. Epp- stein was elected captain ; Emil Haas, first lieutenant ; Ernest Roeschel, second lieutenant, and John A. Hain, orderly sergeant. This com- pany was, on the fourth day of August, ordered to Jefferson City for the purpose of aiding in the protection of the capital. They together with Colonel Brown's 7th Missouri regiment, were, a short time afterwards, ordered to Otterville. They went by rail to Syracuse, and marched on foot the balance of the way to Otterville, which they immediately occupied. A large number of southern men living in the vicinity had organ- ized a company, and under the command of Captain Alexander, James HISTOEY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 763 B. Harris, and others, were camped near by. These two commands, not, for some reason wishing to attack each other, made the following compromise which had been suggested by the southern commanders, and after some parley, accepted by Colonel Brown. It was agreed that if the federal troops would withdraw from Otterville, Captain Alexander would disband his forces, and Colonel Brown ordered his command back to Jefferson City. Afterwards, the home guards, with part of Colonel Worth- ington's command, were ordered to Boonville. They ascended the Missouri river in a steamboat, and arrived at Boonville very early on the morning of the day following their start from Jefferson City. The morning was very foggy, so that the boat could hardly be seen from the shore. It passed Boonville under cover of darkness and the fog, and landed at Haas' brewery, situated about one-half of a mile west of the city. Here the home guards disembarked, and from thence marched around and surrounded the town before the citizens were aware of their presence. Colonel Worthington, with the men of his command, dropped down on the steamboat to the landing at the foot of Main street, and marched up into the town. He then took n number of prominent citizens prisoner, and confiscated the contents of two tin stores and one shoe store, the owners of which were charged with selling goods to the Confederates ; he also took possession of the Observer printing establishment, then owned by A. W. Simpson, and had the presses, type, etc., boxed up and shipped to Jefferson City. This was all done under the orders of Colonel U. S. Grant, afterwards president of the United States, who was then in command at Jeffer- son City. The home guards, together with Colonel Worthington' s command, on the afternoon of the same day, took with them the prisoners and the property which they had confiscated. The prisoners were afterwards released, and returned home; but most of the property, except that belonging to the printing establishment, was never again seeu by its owners. On the twenty-eighth day of August, in the same year, General Jeff. C. Davis ordered the home guards to reinforce Colonel Mul- ligan at Lexington, Missouri. Two clays before, the 2d Illinois regiment of cavalry had been ordered to the same place, and had started. When Colonel Eppstein, the commander of the home guards, arrived at Tipton, he heard that a part of the 2d Illinois cavalry was at Boonville, and concluded to go there also, and re- ported to headquarters, that if they had any orders for him, to for- ward them to him at that place. 764 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Colonel Eppstein was ordered by General Jeff. C. Davis, then stationed at Jefferson City, to remain at Boonville, and occupy the breastworks, which he did. On the first day of September, 1861, the troops around Boon- ville formed themselves into a battalion, consisting of two and one- half companies ; companies A and B, infantry, and one-half of a company of cavalry. The officers of the battalion were Joseph A. Eppstein, major; Emil Haas, surgeon, and John A. Hayne, ad- jutant ; of company A, infantry, were John B. Keiser, captain ; John Roterd, first lieutenant, and Charles Koch, second lieutenant; of company B, infantry, were Charles Beihle, captain ; Joseph Weber, first lieutenant ; John Fessler, second lieutenant. The half company of cavalry was commanded by Peter Ostermeyer. About four days afterwards, this battalion received information that it would be attacked by the Confederates from several surround- ing counties. Colonel Eppstein immediately arrested a number of the most prominent southern men in Boonville, viz. : H. N. Ells, Rev. H. M. Painter, William E. Burr, J. W. Draffen, James Harper, and Joseph L. Stephens, and held them as hostages, hoping thereby to prevent the contemplated attadk. But about six o'clock on the morn- ing of the 13th day of September, 1861, while Eppstein's command was at breakfast, the pickets having all come in, the breastworks were attacked by a force of about eight hundred men under the command of Colonel Brown, of Saline county. The fortifications were attacked on the west, southwest and southeast sides. The first attack was from the southwest, the next through Lilly's field on the southeast, and finally extended around to the west side. At first the firing was very rapid from the southwest and southeast, and soon afterwards from the west side of the fortifications, the balls falling thick on every side. Colonel Brown led the attack on the southeast, and made two charges upon the breastworks, but was compelled to fall back each time under the heavy fire from the intrenchments. In the second attack Colonel Brown was mortally wounded, and fell within fifty feet of the breastworks ; a short time afterwards, his brother, Captain Brown, was also mortally wounded, and fell about ten feet behind him. The Browns were both brave meu, and fought with desperation, and with utter disregard of their own safety. After the two Browns had fallen mortally wounded, and Major Poiudexter been left in command of the Confederates, Mr. Burr, who was one of the prisoners at the breastworks, having become satisfied that the in- trenchments could not be taken, asked, and was granted permission HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 765 to visit the Confederates, under a flag of truce, in order to see what arrangements could be made so as to bring about a cessation of hos- tilities. The two commanders finally agreed upon an armistice for seven days ; Major Poindexter' s troops to be withdrawn from the breastworks and city, a distance of three miles, and were not to enter town only for medicine during that time ; Poindexter was to return all horses taken from union men, and surrender the arms of the men who had fallen in the engagement. If the terms of the armis- tice were broken by Poindexter, then Eev. H. M. Painter was to be shot. The home guards numbered about one hundred and forty effective men. Their loss was two killed and seven wounded. The names of the killed were John A. Hayne, adjutant, and Kimball, a private. The number of Colonel Brown's command who were killed and wounded is not known. Colonel and Captain Brown were, after the battle, taken to a hospital atBoonville. The colonel died of his wounds the same evening ; the captain lingered until the next day r when he too died. Their bodies were taken to Saline county for burial. At the commencement of the battle, messengers were dispatched by three different routes, viz. : by way of Tipton, Jefferson City road, and down the river in a skiff, asking for reinforcements. Of these messengers, none reached Jefferson City except Joseph Read and Joseph Reavis, who went down the river. Those who went by 'the way of Tipton and the Jefferson City road, were captured by Colonel Brown's men-while they were on the way. On the 14th, at ten o'clock p. m., the force at Boonville was re- inforced by the 5th Iowa regiment, under the command of Colonel Worthington, which came up the river on a steamboat. After the armistice had expired, Major Poindexter drew off his men, and marched up the river to join General Price at Lexington. In November, 1861, a scouting party of three men belonging to the home guards, started out to gain information in regard to a baud of bushwhackers, who were thought to have their head- quarters somewhere in Clark's Fork township, in this county. While approaching the house of William George, in said township, they were fired upon from the house, and one of their number killed. The scouts then returned to Tipton, and having obtained reinforce- ments, returned and burned William George's house. On the 16th day of September, 1861, Colonel Eppstein's battal- ion was commanded by Colonel Worthington to take possession of 50 766 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. and guard the bridge across the Lamine river, on the ro;id from Boon* ville to Arrow Rock. Before their arrival at the bridge, they heard the firing of several minute guns behind them, which were intended to wain the state troops of the approach of Colonel Eppstein's men. They reached the bridge in the night, and were fired upon from the opposite side of the river by the state troops, who seemed to have taken possession of the bridge. Colonel Eppstein returned the fire, and mortally wounded a young man named Herndon, who lived in Lamine township, in this county. ' He was taken to the house of Mr. Wm. Higgerson, where he soon afterwards expired. The state troops soon retreated and left Colonel Eppstein's troops in possession of the bridge, where they remained until the 19th day of September, when they were ordered to return to Boonville. Soon afterwards, Colonel Worthiugton ordered Colonel Eppstein to take his command with him and burn this same bridge, it having been reported that General Price's army was marching towards Boonville from that direction, and would probably cross the Lamine at that point. Colonel Eppstein endeavored to dissuade him from his purpose by telling him that this would only delay Price' a single day, as he could cross a short distance above ; but Colonel Worthinjrton replied that it must be done, as he deemed it to be a military neces- sity. So the bridge was burned in accordance with his order. This proved to be a false alarm, as Price was not on his way to Boonville, and did not attempt to march in that direction. Under a special law of congress, passed on account of a general dissatisfaction among the home guards all over the state, Colonel Eppstein's battalion was reorganized, and became a part of the Mis- souri state militia. Six companies were raised and organized at Boon- ville, and to these were added two companies from St. Louis, thus forming the 13th regiment of the Missouri state militia cavalry. The company of infantry which was commanded by Captain Charles Beihle, joined the 1st Missouri state militia infantry. Afterwards the 13th infantry was consolidated with four companies of the 12th regiment, and Schofield's " hussars," and from that time formed the 5th regi- ment, the old 5th having previously been disbanded. The officers of this regiment were Albert Sigel, colonel ; Joseph A. Eppstein, lieutenant-colonel; John B. Kaiser, major; and John Eetzer, surgeon. This regiment after first being thoroughly organ- ized and fully drilled and equipped, was ordered to Waynesville, in the Rolla district, where they remained and from whence they mostly operated during the war. Part of this regiment was under the com- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 767 mand of Colonel Brown, during his pursuit of Shelby, when in Oc- tober, 1863, he made his raid through the state iu the direction of Boonville. price's raid. Six companies of the 5th regiment, under the command of Colonel. Eppstein, composed a portion of the forces of General Sanborn during his operations against General Price in his raid through Missouri in the fall of 1864. General Sanborn, at first supposing that General Price would march in the direction of Rolla, concentrated his forces atthat place, but finding that General Price was making for Jefferson City, he moved his command to the latter place, on the way march- ing nearly parallel with the Confederates ; for while he was crossing the Osage river at Castle Rock, General Price was crossing the same stream eight miles below. Colonel Eppstein's command had a slight skirmish with the Confederate advance guard between the Osage and the Moreau creek, but he succeeded in reaching Jefferson City first. General Sanborn had concentrated at that place, 3,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry, most of them regulars, and all of them well-armed and drilled. General Price's army numbered about 20,000 men, yet there were thousands of them who had no arms, and had never seen anything like a battle. Neither had his troops been organized and placed under commanders, as many of them had flocked to his stand- ard as he had marched through the state, and as he was continually on the march, he had no opportunity to effect organization in the ranks at this time, though shortly afterwards he had them under perfect control . Price only made a slight attack on Jefferson City with a small portion of his forces, then withdrew without a general battle, and marched across the country in the direction of Boonville. General Sanborn, as soon as he learned the true state of affairs, started his cavalry in pursuit of the Confederates. The cavalry had skirmishes with the Confederate rear guard, which was commanded by General Pagan at Stringtown, Russelville and California, on the 10th day of October, 1864, During these skirmishes, three of Colonel Eppstein's men were killed and thirteen wounded. The loss of the Confederates is unknown. Price camped, on the night of the 10th, on the Moniteau creek, just within the limits of Cooper county, and on the next day marched to Boonville. The Federals moved west and camped on the upper Tip- ton road, about eleven miles south of Boonville, at Crenshaw's farm. On the 12th of October, Colonel Graveley, with about four hundred 768 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. mounted men of Sanborn's command, advanced by way of the upper Tipton road to within about one-half of a mile of Boonville, to test the strength, and if possible, to find out the contemplated movements of General Price's command. At what is known as the Vollrath place, about one-half of a mile south of Boonville, Colonel Graveley came upon some Confederate companies in camp, and some lively fighting ensued, but finding the Confederates too strong for them, the Federals retreated to the main ai'ihy. On the 12th, Colonel Eppstein with about three hundred and fifty men of his command, moved toward Boonville, and camped at Bo- hannon's farm, about seven miles south of Boonville. Early on the morning of the 13th, he was ordered to advance as far as he could in the direction of Boonville, and reconnoitre General Price's position. Immediately upon receiving this order he commenced his march with the above mentioned number of men and two mountain howitzers, and on arriving at Wilkin's bridge, across the Petite Saline creek, his command was fired upon by a band of about four hundred men under the command of General Fagan, who were guarding the bridge. Colonel Eppstein returned the fire, and ordered four mounted com- panies to dismount and deploy as skirmishers. After some little skirmishing along the banks of the creek, General Fagau leisurely re- treated towards Boonville. After going north about one-half of a mile to where a lane crosses the main road, south of Mrs. McCarty's house, Colonel Eppstein, who was in pursuit, found that General Fag.in had barricaded the road with trees, etc. Here Miller's and Murphy's companies had a close fight with the Confederates, even using swords and bayonets. These two companies were surrounded at one time and ordered by the Confederates to surrender ; but the other two com- panies of Colonel Eppstein's command coming up to their aid, Gen- eral Fagan again fell back. At this place two of the Federals were wounded, but none hurt upon the other side. General Fagan next made a stand at Anderson's branch, and here the two forces had a more severe battle. Three of the Federals were killed, and seven wounded. The killed were Fred. Hoecher, a. man named Jones ; the name of the other is not known. The loss of the Confederates, as was afterwards learned, was considerable. General Fagan by this time had brought up four pieces of artil- lery, and commenced shelling the woods along Anderson's branch in which Colonel Eppstein was stationed. The Federals then received orders to fall back, and retreated to California, Moniteau county, to obtain supplies. They soon afterwards returned to Crenshaw's farm, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 769 and there halted and took dinner. There General Sanborn learned that Price had left Boonville, so marching west he camped for the night at New Nebo church. The next morning he continued his march in the direction of Georgetown. In August, 1864, Captain Parks with two companies, of which Franklin Swap was first lieutenant and provost marshal, being a part of the Iowa cavalry, had command of the post at Boonville. Finding but little to do on this side of the river, they crossed over into Howard county, in search of Anderson's bushwhackers, — passed through New Franklin, and took the road east leading to Bocheport. Although warned by the citizens of his danger, as Anderson was known to be in full force in the neighborhood, Captain Parks marched on. When about one mile east of New Franklin, his command was suddenly attacked by Anderson's men, and cut into two parts, seven of them being killed by the first fire. The greater part of his command retreated to a house in the Missouri river bottom, and kept Anderson at bay by firing through the cracks of the house. Captain Parks, at the outset, became separated from his men, and retreated towards Fayette until he met Major Leonard's command, which happened to be marching in that direction. With this he returned to the relief of his company, and Anderson having learned of his approach, drew off his men and retired. The part of Captain Parks' company which had been besieged in the house, finding that Anderson had drawn off his men, mounted horses, came back to Old Franklin in the night, and crossed the river in safety, although several men were missing. This part of the com- pany knew nothing of Captain Parks until the next day, when he made his appearance. They then recrossed the river, and having re- covered the bodies of their companions who had been killed, buried them in one grave at the city cemetery, in the southwest part of Boonville. In the winter of 1862 and 1863, Colonel Pope was the com- mander of several companies of home militia, with headquarters at the fair grounds at Boonville. They disbanded in 1863, and Colonel D. W. Wear formed a battalion and was commander of the post at Boonville. The battalion did considerable scouting, the details of which are not sufficiently known to be given. Lieutenant Colonel Beavis, while under Colonel Pope, learning that some Confederate recruiting forces had crossed the river, making their way in a southern direction, immediately started in pursuit, and overtook them while in camp in the brush, near Thomas Tucker's 770 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. house, about two miles east of Buuceton, in Cooper county. He fired upon them, killing two men and wounding one. The recruits then separated and made their way out of the country by different routes. The names of the Confederates who were killed were Joshua Lamp- ton and Jones, from Boone county. They were buried at the " Vine " or Concord church. The wounded man, after recovering, was paroled by Colonel Pope, and returned to his home in Boone county. SHELBY'S RAID. General Joseph Shelby, of the Confederate army, made a raid into Cooper county during the month of October, 1863. He passed through Otterville on the night of the 9th of said month, and burned the Pacific railroad bridge near that town. On the night of the 10th he camped near Bell Air, in a pasture belonging to Mr. Nathaniel Leonard, and on the next day he marched to Boonville. His move- ments becoming known in Boonville the night before, a meeting of the citizens was called by Mayor McDearmon. After some delay, the conclusion was reached that the only alternative was to surrender the city to General Shelby. Citizens were sent out to meet him, who re- turned without being able to gain any information as to his wherea- bouts, and conveyed the impression that he would not pay his compliments to the city during this expedition. Therefore, his arrival at Boonville on the 11th day of October, was quite a surprise to the citizens. Several of the citizens had crossed the river into Howard county the night before, having con- cluded that discretion was the better part of valor, that their presence in Boonville would accomplish no good, and that there would be more safety in making themselves scarce. Just as General Shelby marched into Boonville from the south, Major Leonard, with about 250 Federal troops, appeared on the north side of the river and commenced crossing his men. The first boat load had almost reached the Boonville shore, when some one called to those in the boat that the town was full of Confederates, and that they had better retreat. The pilots immediately turned the boat around and made for the Howard shore. At this time some of Shelby's men appeared and commenced firing upon the boat with muskets. But the boat, having gotten out of reach of this fire, the Confederates brought up some artillery and opened fire upon the boat, two shots striking it before it reached the shore. As soon as Major Leonard landed his forces, the artillery was turned upon them, and they were soon forced to retire beyond the reach of the shells. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 771 At the same time, Colonel Crittenden, with about one hundred men, was seen steaming up the river in a boat, but on learning the situation of affairs a^ Boonville, he dropped down the river and landed a short distance below, in Howard county. General Shelby remained in Boonville the balance of the after- noon of that day, and encamped for the night west of the city on the Georgetown road. He came here to obtain supplies, such as clothing and provisions, which they found in great abundance, and which they took, wherever found. M. J. Werthiemer, and Messrs. Lamy & McFadden were the greatest sufferers, each losing about $4,000 in clothing. The Confederate troops did not molest any person during their stay ; not a single man was killed or wounded, and they were very polite and gentlemanly to every person. While the Confederates were in Boonville, the Federals, under General Brown, were close behind them, and on the 11th day of Octoher, were within eight miles of Boonville, on the Bell Air road. On that day General Brown moved a portion of his troops west to the junction of the Sulphur Springs and the Boonville and Georgetown roads, which is about seven miles southwest of Boonville. But dur- ing the night he marched his command back again to the Bell Air road, and camped near Bellingsville. The next morning after Gen- eral Shelby had left, the Federals passed through Bdonville in pursuit, their advance just behind the Confederate rear guard. Two of Gen- eral Shelby's men who had stopped at Mr. Labbo's house, about one and one-half miles west of Boonville to get their breakfast, were killed by some Federal scouts as they appeared at the front door, in order to make their escape. A running fight was kept up at intervals, all along the route from Boonville to Marshall. The fight became pretty spirited between the Sulphur Springs and Dug Ford ; and at Dug Ford two Federals were killed and fell from their horses into the water. During this long running fight there was quiet a number killed on each side, but the number is not known. At Marshall, a battle took place, in which a number were killed and wounded on each side. But General Shelby succeeded in escap- ing from his pursuers with the loss of only a sniall portion of the stores which he had obtained at Boonville. This raid, of course, produced great excitement, and in the heat of passion, considerable censure was heaped upon the commanding officer, whether justly or unjustly, is left to the reader to determine. General Shelby succeeded in getting back to his lines without any 772 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. great loss, but whether his entire anticipations in regard to obtaining supplies and reinforcements were fully realized, is not known. Major Leonard and Colonel Crittenden crossed their commands over the river to Boonville about ten o'clock on the morning of the 12th, and. after stopping for dinner, they started in the direction of Marshall. Boonville, then, was once more clear of troops, and the citizens had time to gather together provisions to feed the next lot .of hungry soldiers who happened to land there, whether they were Federals or Confederates. Thus ended the famous " Shelby's Raid," as far as Cooper count}' was concerned. price's raid into cooper county. The Federal troops in the fall of 1864, having all abandoned Boonville, three companies of home guards were organized for the protection of the city against what were known as the bush- whackers. One company was commanded by Captain Horace Shoe- maker, another by Captain Harrison Thompson, and the third by . The two last mentioned companies were composed of men belonging to both parties, who had joined these companies with the understanding that they would only be required to protect the city against bushwhackers and plunderers, and would not be com- pelled, against their wills, to fight against the regular southern troops. Although there were frequent alarms, the bushwhackers never attacked Boonville, but often during the war made raids through the county, in which many citizens were killed. They always took any- thing they wished, no matter in whose hands it was found. There were also bands of robbers moving continually through the county, who cared nothing for either party, and who robbed and killed with- out discrimination or regard to party. During the year 1864 many good citizens, belonging to each side, were shot down, first by one party and then by another, and many citizens nbaudoued their homes, seeking places of more security. The details of these murders and robberies are too disgraceful and sickening to enumerate in this brief history. On the 11th day of October, 1864, scouts brought information that a large hostile force was approaching Boonville. These three companies, being under the impression that these were Andersons bushwhackers, immediately erected a strong barricade across Fifth street, at Thespian hall, in Boonville. They were strengthened in the belief that these were bushwhackers from the fact that they HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 773 had received a dispatch that afternoon from Mexico, Missouri, stating that General Price had been repulsed at Jefferson City, and was re- treating by way of Tipton. So these companies of home guards, expecting no quarter from Anderson's men, prepared to sell their lives as dearly as they could, thinking, any way, that it would be certain death to fall into the hands of Bill Anderson. Soon afterwards Shelby's command entered the town with a dash, killing a German scout near Mrs. Muir's residence, about one mile east of Boonville. The home guard fired one round at the advance guard of Shelby's command as they advanced along Vine street, near the Baptist church, but their fire injured no one. Learning that this was but the advance guard of General Price's large army, and that resistance would be useless, the home guards surrendered as prisoners of war. These prisoners were quartered at the court-house and closely guarded, but the commissioned officers were paroled. General Shelby, with his command, entered about sundown on the above mentioued day. General Price and his staff made their headquarters at the City hotel, on Morgan street. On Tuesday, the 13th day of October, the prisoners were marched in front of the city hall, ranged in line, and General Price made them a speech and gave orders for their parole, on the condition that if they were ever found with arms against the south they would be shot. Price had about 20,000 men, many of them late Missouri recruits, without arms. Some of his command were well armed and drilled, but the greater part were very poorly armed. Their general conduct toward the citizens during their stay in Boonville was good. On the night of the 13th, while Captain Shoemaker, who was on parole, was going from Captain John Porter's house to his residence, on the corner of Central avenue and Sixth streets, he was captured by some men, who were afterwards discovered to be Anderson's men, taken to the Fair grounds, killed, and his body thrown into the river. Two men, named Neef and Boiler, were killed near their homes, about four miles west of Boonville ; also a negro man who was concealed in a corn-shock on the farm of J. M. Nelson, situated two miles west of Boonville. Those were all the persons killed in this part of the county, who were not slain in battle, whose names are now recollected. Thousands of volunteers in Missouri flocked to the standard of General Price, believing that he would be able to hold the state. The rear guard of General Price's army, and the advance guard of Gen- 774 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. eral Sanborn's command, skirmished, at intervals, from Jefferson City to Boonville. General Sanborn's command consisted of about 4,000 mounted men. The infantry command under General A. J. Smith, was also in pursuit, but never came within fighting distance of the Confederates. There was|;cousiderable skirmishing and some hard fighting south and southeast of Boonville, during Price's three day's sojourn at that place, in which a number were killed and wounded on both sides. The Arkansas militia, under the command of General Fagan,. who were left to protect the rear of General Price's army, were the greatest sufferers among the Confederates. A dash was made upon General Price's out posts by a few com- panies of Federals, whocame so near Boonville that the firing could be heard and the smoke of the battle seen from the city. General Price's artillery was brought into requisition and soon compelled the Federals to retire. The greater part of Price's regulars was then called out, and a general charge having been made all along the line, the Federal army fell back on the road leading from Jefferson City to Georgeton, via Bell Air, and following that road, camped about four miles west of Bell Air, near the farm of A. J. Read. Price's army left Boonville during the night of the 14th of October, having remained there three days. His army took all the horses in the northern p'art, and the Federal troops all in the southern part of the county. Both parties foraged upon the people of the county for the support of their respective armies, and left the county pretty destitute, especially of horses, hardly a good one being left. This was virtually the end of the war as far as Cooper county was con- cerned — no more battles being fought in it between organized armies. The partisan warfare' in Cooper county became pretty bloody during the summer and fall of 1864. The details of this warfare the writer must be excused from recording, as the task would not only be difficult, but serve to recall to the minds of many, unpleasant remin- iscenses. ^^E CHAPTBK XVII. BENCH AND BAR — CRIMES AND SUICIDES. Payton R. Hayden — James Winston — Judge John C. Richardson — Littleberry Hen- dricks— Judge Benjamin Tompkins — Hon. John G. Miller — Thomas Jefferson Boggs — William Douglas, Esq. — Captain Joseph L. Stephens — Present Attor- neys — Crimes and Incidents — Luke Harris — Jack Harris — John Brown and Emma Jane Brown — Otterville Train Robbery — Pilot Grove Tragedy — Estella A. Wilbur — A. B. Thornton Instantly Killed — Suicide — Albert Edwards. PEYTON R. HAYDEN. The pioneer lawyer of Boonville and of Cooper county was Pey- ton R. Hayden, who was one of the most distinguished members, in his day, of the Missouri bar. He was a native of Kentucky, and was born near Paris, Bourbon county, February 8, 1796. He came to How- ard county, Missouri, in 1818, and located in Boonville in 1819, after having taught a school near the old town of Franklin. Asa lawyer he was popular and successful. He was a strong, vigorous and argu- mentative speaker, never indulging in flights of oratory, but seldom failed to make a favorable impression on the minds of a jury. He prepared his cases with great care, was very methodical, and carried with him around the circuit a book which he called " Hayden' s Digest." It contained a synopsis of each case in which he was re- tained, with the authorities on which he relied. He was fond of anecdote, and was good at repartee. In manner, Mr. Hayden was rather dignified, but always kind and courteous in his intercourse with others, aud especially with the members of the bar. He died in Boonville, on December 26', 1855, comparatively young, being then in his sixtieth year. JAMES WINSTON was a rough diamond ; a natural orator, unadorned, unrefined and un- polished. The gift of swaying the minds of men and leading them captive he inherited from his grandfather, the great Revolutionary orator, Patrick Henry, his mother being the youngest daughter of that distinguished patriot. Mr. Winston was born in 1813, but whether in Virginia or North Carolina, is a matter of some doubt. Although deficient in his early education, he was a constant reader, (775) 776 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. and, possessing a most retentive memory, was enabled to accumulate a large amount of historical, biographical, scientific and legal know- ledge. His knowledge of ancient history was profound, but he was chiefly distinguished for his brilliant conversational powers. He came to Boonville in 1834, but afterwards moved to Benton county. He was elected to the state senate in 1850, and became so popular as a whig, he was the nominee of that party in 1852 for governor. His opponent in the race was Sterling Price. He generally travelled on foot in attending courts or canvassing the state. He was careless in his dress, and was fond of hunting and fishing. He had a good prac- tice, and as a declaimer he was witty, sarcastic and humorous, and was not excelled by any of his brethren as a punster. He has been dead many years. JUDGE JOHN C. RICHARDSON. Judge Bay, in his "Bench and Bar," of Missouri, says: "If called upon to furnish a model of a good lawyer, a good citizen, and one who was most deservedly ranked as one of God's noblemen, we should instinctively name John C. Richardson." Judge Richardson was a native of Kentucky, where he was born about 1817. He received his legal education at Transylvania Univers- ity. He came to Missouri in 1840, and settled in Boonville, where he remained until 1850, when he moved to St. Louis, and formed a law partnership with Sinclair Kirtley. He was afterwards a partner of Samuel T. Glover. In 1853 he held the position of city counsellor of St. Louis. In 1857 he was elected to a seat on the supreme bench of the state, and continued to fill the same until 1859, when he re- signed on account of ill health. He died in St. Louis, September 21, 1860, in the 42d year of his age. As a judge, his decisions were clear, lucid and profound. Nature, had provided him with all the elements of a successful lawyer. His mind was purely logical, and he delighted in legal research. He was not an orator, but, as a speaker, was earnest, impressive, fluent and convincing. LITTLEBERRY HENDRICKS . In lSS^ the subject of this sketch crossed the Missouri river at Boonville and wended his way on foot to the extreme southwestern part of the state. As he entered the village of Springfield, Missouri, with a small bundle of clothes suspended at the end of a stick, which he carried over his shoulder, he presented a forlorn appearance. Upon inquiring of the village landlord if there was an attorney in the place, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 777 he was informed there was none, and being in search of a location, he was determined to pitch his tent in the city of the Ozark range. He was born in Virginia about the year 1800, and in early life was a mechanic. He came to Howard county, Missouri, about 1830, and clerking for a short time in the law office of Judge Leonard at Fayette, he located in Boonville, and resided here until 1833, as al- ready stated. Iu 1844 he was the nominee of the whig party for lieutenant-gov- ernor. He was appointed judge of the fourteenth judicial circuit by Governor Gamble, and discharged the duties of the office with marked ability and great satisfaction. He died in Springfield January 10, 1863, at the age of sixty- three years. He was a man of spotless integrity and exceedingly lib- • eral in his charities. He took a bold stand in favor of temperance and reformation. Though born in a slave state, he stood manfully by the government in the war of 1861. JUDGE BENJAMIN TOMPKINS. Like many of the early lawyers of central Missouri, Judge Tomp- kins came from Kentucky — from Lexington, in 1836 — and located in Boonville, where he began the practice of his profession. About the year 1855 he became judge of the court of common pleas, and as such gave great satisfaction. He was elected to the lower house of the general assembly from Cooper county in 1848-50-52. He was also, for a short time prior to 1878, editor of the Boonville Advertiser. He was a man of excellent education, but was an indifferent speaker. He was genial and kind, and possessed many good traits of character. He left Boonville a few years ago to accept a position as clerk in the commissary department at Jeffersonville, Indiana, where he now resides. HON. JOHN G. MILLER. Not only did some of the members of the bar, who lived in Boon- ville in the early history of Cooper county, grace the highest judicial positions in the state, but others were elevated to seats in the national congress. The subject of this sketch was thus twice honored, and was a member of that august body at the time of his death, which occurred iu 1854. Mr. Miller was also a native Kentuckian, and was born about 1810. He was a good lawyer and a successful' practitioner, both be- 778 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. fore the court and jury. He was afflicted with rheumatism, and in consequence thereof had one of his legs amputated while sojourning at the home of his father-in-law, in Saline county, and died soon after. He was a public-spirited and enterprising citizen, and ably and efficiently represented the people of his district in congress. Polit- ically he was a democrat, and served his party with great earnestness and fidelity. THOMAS JEFFERSON BOGGS is remembered by the old citizens of Cooper county as one of the most ardent and distinguished vvhigs in Missouri, having faithfully followed the fortunes of that grand old party until it ceased to exist. Mr. Boggs was a native of Lexington, Kentucky, and was born about the beginning of the present century. He emigrated to Mis- souri about the year 1821, stopping first at Old Franklin, in Howard county. He remained there until the town began to decline, and then became a citizen of the then thriving city of Boonville. During his residence in Old Franklin he acted as second to Judge Abiel Leonard in the duel that was fought on Wolfe island, in the lower Mississippi, between that gentleman and Taylor Berry, in 1824, a full account of which is given in the history of the " Bench and Bar " of Howard county in this book. Mr. Boggs was a brother of Lilburn W. Boggs, who was at one time governor of Missouri, but differed widely from him in politics, his brother being a prominent democrat. As a lawyer he was considered a safe counsellor, but was modest and retiring in his disposition, and reticent, especially in the company of strangers ; he was, however, after becoming acquainted, always genial, and a fine conversationalist. He went to California in 1849, WILLIAM DOUGLAS, ESQ. One of the ablest and at the same time one of the most brilliant men who ever practised law in central Missouri was the man whose name stands at the head of this sketch. Like the great Stephen A. Douglas, he was an eloquent and ready speaker, and as an orator was not in- ferior to any of his contemporaries in this portion of Missouri. Mr. Douglas was a native of Virginia, whence he came about the year 1850 to Boonville, where he commenced the practice of his pro- fession. Here he soon enjoyed a lucrative practice. He was chosen as the orator of the occasion, upon the event of the laying of the corner-stone of the Thespian hall, in Boonville, at which time he HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 779 greatly distinguished himself as a public speaker. He, like many others, believing that the future great city of the west would be Kan- sas City, left Boonville in 18 — and took up his residence in the former city, where he continued to practice his profession until his death. CAPTAIN JOSEPH L. STEPHENS. Among the honored names of the men who practised their pro- fession at the bar of Cooper county, there is none that shines with greater resplendence than that of Captain Joseph L. Stephens. He was born in Cooper county, January 15, 1826, and was the son of Lawrence C. and Margaret P. Stephens, the former from Virginia and the latter from North Carolina. He was raised a farmer, obtained his early education at the common schools of the county, and finally was graduated at the high school of Boonville. He entered the law office of Hon. John G. Miller, in 1844, and during two years was a close student, spending a few months, however, of each year teaching school, as a means of supporting himself while preparing for his profession. He completed his studies in 1847, and after that practised law in Cooper county, in the court of claims at Washington, D. C, and in the supreme court of the United States, until 1864, when, because of an affection of the throat, he was compelled to give up his profession. In 1857 he was a partner of Senator G. G. Vest, the partnership con- tinuing until the breaking out of the war of 1861. He was county attorney in 1851. As a lawyer in early life, Captain Stephens was a brilliant success. He was also a success as a financier, successful in his railroad enterprises, and successful in all the varied conditions and pursuits of life, wherein he was called to labor. He died Augusjt 11, 1881, at his home in Boonville, honored and esteemed by all who knew him. (For a more complete sketch of Captain Stephens see biographies.) CRIMES AND SUICIDES. Although sixty-five years have passed since Cooper county was organized, there have been but three executions in all its history, the first two occurring in 1826 and in 1830, and the third and last in 1879, there being an interval of nearly fifty years between the second and last executions. This fact (only three executions) speaks vol- umes for the morals of the people of the county, and shows unmistak- able evidence of their character as order-loving and law-abiding citizens. Many younger counties, with less population, have a much blacker criminal calender than old Cooper. There were a number of 780 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. crimes committed, 'tis true, during the war of the rebellion, in differ- ent parts of the county — some of them being as foul and as atrocious as ever disgraced the annals of any county — but barring these, which were common during the war to all sections of the country, there have been, we say, but comparatively few crimes in Cooper county since the date of its organization. LUKE HARRIS. The first execution that occurred in Cooper county, as already stated, took place in 1826., Luke Harris, a slave, killed his master, Hezekiah Harris, on the 19th day of May, 1826, under the following circumstances : Luke was in the field of corn, plowing. His master followed out after him, to see how Luke was getting on. While there he told Luke that he talked too loud to the horse that was in the plow, and told him that he must not make so much noise. Luke continued to make as much noise as ever, when his master took the lines and plowed some himself, to show Luke that he could plow without being so noisy. When Harris had been plowing a round or two, Luke told him that he (Harris) made as much noise as he did. Harris under- took to whip Luke for his impudence, when Luke stabbed him with a butcher-knife under the shoulder, killing him instantly. For this crime he was executed, being the first person hung in Cooper county. JACK HARRIS. On the evening of July 30, 1830, four years after Harris was killed, two negroes, one the slave of John B. Harris, and the other the slave of John Gabriel, killed the latter (John Gabriel), in a most outrageous manner. It appears from the developments afterwards made, and the tes- timony in the trial of the case, that Mr. Gabriel owned and operated a distil lery in Lamine township ; that he had at his house a nail keg full of silver dollars ; that his wife, who was a widow at the time he married her, had one child — a son — who was a grown up man ; that they desiring to possess themselves of Gabriel's money, hired Jack Harris and Edmond Gabriel (the two negroes above referred to) to kill him. Jack came to the house after dark and hallooed from the road. Gabriel, who was a very old man, answered the call, when Jack told him he came to buy some whiskej'. Gabriel lighted a candle and went ddwn to the distillery, which was located on a branch but a short distance from his house, to get the whiskey. While there, the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 781 two negroes killed him with an axe, by striking him in the forehead with the edge, cleaving the skull, which killed the old man instantly. They dragged his body to a stable and left it on the inside, thinking it would be supposed that the deceased had been kicked by a horse. The next day Jack was seen in Boonville with considerable money. In the meantime the news of the old man's death had been heard in town, and Jack, being suspected, was arrested. Edmond was also arrested the same day. The latter turned state's evidence. Jack was tried, and hung in 1830. Edmond was taken south and sold. Nothing positive was proven against Mrs. Gabriel and her son. They left the county soon after the trial, moving to Texas, where, it is said, the son was hung for stealing horses. JOHN BROWN AND EMMA JANE BROWN. In February, 1879, the body of George Brown was found in the county, near Drafi'en's coal bank, where it had been thrown by John Brown and Emma Jane Brown, the former being his son and the latter his wife. George Brown, Jr., testified that he left Howard county, Indiana, in the summer of 1878, for Kansas, with his father, George Brown, Sr., and wife Emma Jane Brown, who was his step-mother, and John and Sarah, his brother and sister. Soon after crossing the river at Rocheport, and while passing through Cooper county, on their journey to Kansas, his father was murdered by his brother John and his step-mother, who shot him in the head with a double barrel shot-gun while he was in the wagon asleep, each shooting one barrel. He saw his step-mother discharge the first barrel and his brother John discharge the second barrel. They then hauled the body in the wagon until about ten o'clock that morning (the deed' having been committed a few hours before), and until reaching the woods, where they concealed it. He said that the woman and his father were married in Tipton county, Indiana, about three weeks before they started for Kansas. The prisoners told him at the time of the shooting, to say that his father died in Pike county, Illinois, where he was buried by the county. He said his father was about forty-three years of age, and that his step-mother had been married three times. After killing Brown and secreting his body in the woods, the parties went on until they reached Cass county, Mis- souri, where they stopped. Brodie, another witness, was present when the wagon was unloaded in Cass county. He saw considerable blood near the rear end, on the wagon bed, which was a little dry on top, but adhered to his boot, when he stepped in it. When asked 51 782 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. concerning the blood, the prisoners said that it was from chickens that they had killed in the morning. OTTERVILLE TRAIN ROBBERY. On the night of the 13th of July, 1876, a passenger train on the Missouri Pacific railroad, was robbed about one mile east of Otterville, in Otterville township, by a band of eight men. Their names were Frank and Jesse James, Cole and John Younger, Bill Chadwell, Clell Miller, Charley Pitts and Hobbs Kerry. After opening the safe of the United States express company, and the safe of the Adams express company, the robbers proceeded the same night to a point on Flat creek, where they divided the treasure, which consisted of about $22,000 in money, and other valuables, such as jewelry, bonds, coupons and exchange, which were being car- ried east by the express companies. They, however, took nothing with them but the money. At the point above named, on Flat creek, Hobbs Kerry, one of the band, separated from his companions. Hiding his saddle and bridle in the woods, he turned his horse loose on the prairie and walking to Windsor, took the Missouri, Kansas and Texas train to his home at Granby, Missouri, where some weeks after he was arrested. He cenfessed the crime and guided the officers of the law to the place where the robbers had divided the money, and where was found much of the jewelry, and other valuables taken by them, being such property as they could not well use, and were afraid to have on their persons. At the November term, 1876, of the Cooper circuit court, Hobbs Kerry was indicted, and at the April term, in 1877, Kerry was tried, convicted and sentenced to four years' imprisonment in the peniteu- tiary. James H. Johnston, prosecuted, and John R. Walker, de- fended. Immediately after the train robbery at Otterville, the robbers were joined by one of the Younger brothers, the youngest who sup- plied the place of Kerry, and all proceeded to Northfield, Minnesota, where on the morning of the 7th day of September, 1876, in the at- tempt to rob the bank at that place, Bill Chadwell, Clell Miller and Charlie Pitts, were killed outright, and the three Youngers were wounded and captured, and are now serving out a life sentence in the Minnesota penitentiary. The James brothers made their escape, and were engaged in many robberies subsequent to that time. Jesse James was killed by the Ford boys (Bob and Charley), on the 3d of April, 1882. Frank James, afterwards, and in September, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 783 1882, surrendered himself to Governor Crittenden, of Missouri, in the executive office, in Jefferson City. He quietly walked into the Governor's office, announced who he was, unbuckled his belt, con- taining his pistols and cartridges, and handing them to the Governor, surrendered. PILOT GROVE TRAGEDY. On the morning of the 10th of October, 1878, as Joseph Meredith's sons went to the field to work, tbey discovered the body of a man under the floor of a vacant house. One of the young men went to the house to get out of the wind to light his pipe, and seeing some weeds on the floor, which looked like some one had been sleeping there, he went into the building, and found a vest behind the door. He then called his brother to assist him in further investigation. They discovered a rock partly hidden by ashes in the fire-place and bloody on the corners. They found a loose plank with blood on it, and on moving the plank, they found the corpse of a stranger, who had been killed but a little while, as his body was still warm. The house where they discovered the body, was about three miles from Pilot "Grove. It had rained during the night and the murderer had done his work after the rain, as his tracks testified. The dead man was a stranger, supposed to be one of two men who passed through Pilot Grove on Friday evening before the murder. On the floor was found :t flask containing a small quantity of liquid. The man was about twenty-eight years of age, five feet six inches high, had dark com- plexion, dark blue eyes and dark hair. His clothes had nearly all been taken off and his pockets turned inside out. There was the mark of a ring on the fore finger of his left hand -, had in his pocket a broken seal ring; under the lapel of his coat was a pin, the top of which was circular, enclosing a bunch of grapes and a leaf. In the fence corner near the house, were found the bloody shirt and pants of the murdered man. October 11, 1878, a man giving his name as John I. West, was arrested at Haggarty's coal mine, near Arrow Rock, Saline county, Missouri, and was taken to Pilot Grove. Here he was identified as the companion of the dead man found in the vacant house. A negro boy said he had seen a man coming from the house where the body was found, and on being sent for, picked the man out of a hundred men in a room, but said he was dressed dif- ferently. The prisoner was bound over to await his trial in the cir- cuit court, and was tried, convicted and sentenced at the January term of the court in 1878. A motion was made for a new trial and the case taken to the supreme court, but that tribunal affirmed the 784 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. decision of the lower court, and West was executed May, 16, 1879. Before his execution, West made two confessions, wherein he admitted the killing of the man found in the outhouse, and said he killed him while he was sleeping. Below will be found a brief sketch of the murderer as written by himself: The first part of my life, or as far back as I can remember, I never would mind my father. The first whipping he gave me was when I hid the fire shovel, I would not tell him where it was. In fact, I did everything that was wrong. I visited watermelon patches and destroyed them, and would tear up buggy-rigs. I was stubborn, and had no regard for myself or any other per- son. I was taught right until nine years old ; at that time my dear mother died and left me with a wicked father. My mother was religious and gave me good advice even until the last. The fact of my going astray rests on myself. The most of my life has been spent in bad company. Sometimes I would lead a good life for a while, then get into bad company again. I was born at Spring River, Jasper county, Missouri ; have lived in Illinois fourteen years ; my age is twenty-four years. I give Mr. Cosgrove and Mr. Pendle- ton many thanks, and feel under ten thousand obligations to them. Read this, and take a lesson, young man. Never step aside; always shun evil. I respect all who have visited me ; with this I close. Good-bye. J. H. Johnston, the prosecuting attorney, conducted the case for the state and Cosgrove & Pendleton for the defence. ESTELLA A. WILBUR. On Sunday, the 29th day of August, 1880, occurred the death of little Henry C. Wilbur, aged five years. After he died and was laid out ready for burial, it was noised about that the child had been foully dealt with, by his stepmother. The body was examined and traces of foul play and ill-treatment were so evident that a coroner's jury was summoned. The post mortem examination of the brain, revealed an injured condition of the membrane of the brains. On the body, back and front, arid on the legs from hip to feet, were signs of severe laceration, apparently as if done with a whip, or some in- strument that bruises severely and at the same time does not cut the skin. Two or three witnesses testified to hearing: a child setting an un- merciful whipping in the same house where the death occurred, and on the afternoon of Sunday, the day of its death.. They also testi- fied, that the child suddenly stopped crying, but the beating went on. The verdict of the jury was as follows : " That the child Henry C. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 785 Wilbur, came to his death from an insufficiency of food and mis- treatment at the hands of Mrs. Wilbur, and a blow on the head inflicted by some unknown party." A. B. THORNTON INSTANTLY KILLED. On Saturday, November 17, 1881, Thomas H. B. McDearmon, shot and instantly killed A. B. Thornton, editor of the Boonville News. We copy from the Advertiser, of November 25, 1881 : — On Saturday afternoon last, about 4 : 30, our city was suddenly thrown into a state of excitement seldom before witnessed here. The cause of the excitement was the hearing by many of rapid pistol firing up Main street, and the quickly following report that " Tom McDearmon had killed Thornton," which report grated only the truth on the ears of the unwilling hearers, for Marshal McDearmon had, at a moment when maddened with indignation at the publishing of a very severe article on him by the editor of the News, sought out and shot and instantly killed Dr. Thornton. The facts and all the knowledge we have of the shooting affair will be bound in the verbatim testimony of the witnesses summoned before the coroner's inquest Sunday afternoon. Of the cause and origin of the unfortunate attack, we will try and plaice our readers in possession of all the knowledge we have and let themjudge of a case, like all others, with two sides and where one man was unduly hurried before his maker, and the other man with his life and liberty on this earth, in jeopardy. The preliminary examination will be held Friday, and then all can judge whether Mr. McDearmon acted in self-defense, as he claims he did, or whether he ruthlessly and wantonly killed his man. Some weeks ago, Mr. McDearmon and Dr. Thornton had a dis- pute and difficulty over the settlement of an ice bill, which was followed by the publication of a severe article on McDearmon in the News. Mr. McDearmon, though very much aggravated, listened to his friends and took no notice of it, and since then there has been no very kind feelings between the two. In the next issue of the News, the fatal article, which we here reproduce, appeared : — THE FATAL ARTICLE. "This thing of one — man — arbitrary — rule in the quiet, well- disposed city of Boonville, to look at it not exactly in the abstract, is growing a little bit too monotonous, it occurs to us, for the present and prospective good credit and high standing of its honored deni- zens. Many such repetitions as that enacted upon our street last Saturday by our big, burly, overgrown, unprincipled policeman, will, it seems to us, not only drive from our midst every passing en- terprise that is turning to the county in search of trade and the benefit of our specie, but cast a stain of disgrace and dishonor upon the fair name and fame of our deserving little city. The citizens of 786 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. this community cannot afford at the hands of a drunken ignoramus, to involve in doubt and dishonor the social and business interests a;id gracious prestige of fifty thousand persons and more, who frequent our thoroughfares in one business requirement or other, during every year. It should be recollected that our standing abroad, as well as at home, depends entirely upon the government we keep, the treatment given strangers, the conduct of officials, and that courtesy to each other which should characterize all. A man to fill the duties of such an official as policeman, in a city with the vastness of importance of such a city as this, should be a sober man, at least with sound judg- ment and dignified bearing, and possessed with legal acumen and common sense enough to know right from wrong, and resolute enough at all hazards to do his duty and do no more. We don't exactly know where the authority of our city govern- ment entirely rests ; whether it reposes, legislatively, judicially and executively in the muscular prowess of a two hundred and fifty pound policeman, no matter how ill-bred and inefficient he may be, whether his discretion is beyond and above all written law, and from his will no appeal can be taken, or whether it finds its lodgment in the council, but certain, it is most blunderingly and brutally executed at times. We would suggest that this official cease his nonsense and resign. FROM SAME PAPER. " Our big belligerent, inconsiderate policeman, without any reason, provocation or excuse, left the imprint of his brutal instincts upon the left peeper of Mr. Tom Dunnavan the other day. How long we ask, is this imposition upon the dignity, peace and good order of our city to be permitted? How long? IS IT BULLDOZING THE PRESS ? "If you publish anything against me concerning our trobble on the street I mal you. Dam you." The above was written on a piece of common writing paper with the letter T and a partially erased P inscribed on the back. The above missive was found Friday morning under the crack of the News office door, word for word, letter for letter and superscription for super- scription, substantially as it reads, without date or signature. With- out indulging any comments farther than to say, that if it is a means used to intimidate the News, we are very free to confess it will most assuredly fail of its purpose. What it grew out of, or what actuated the contemptible insolence, or who the scapegrace is that enacted it, or whether any significance attaches to the following, probably the recital of the little difficulty that occurred between the editor of the News and T. H. B. McDearmon, the 250-pound policeman of this city, in which the big, overgrown peace conservator refused to pay in whole an advertising bill the News office held against him, may throw some light upon it. Upon talking the matter over, this conservator HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 787 of the peace vented himself of very disreputable language and insult- ing, which aroused somewhat the dignity of the News man, throwing him off his balance, and he gave him in return what he considered a well-merited retort in these words: " You're a dirty unreasonable fellow," at which he flew at the News man, a man hardly half his weight, and struck him over the arm and head with his great heavy cane, almost completely paralyzing his arm, and at this writing is still tingling with the abnormal sensation caused by the blow. At this juncture, however, seeing the disgraceful attitude in which he had placed himself — striking a defenceless, delicate man with a club — he threw away his cane or dropped it accidently, and grabbed the News man by the coat and chassayed across the street, attempting all the time to further execute him damage, until by a peacemaker he was persuaded to desist, verifying completely the speech of the News man. What this cowardly missive means, or where it came from, we leave or readers and those privy to the scene to conjecture. We don't care where it came from, we accuse no one, but we do say it is a most infamously cowardly act. We did not intend to drag the private affairs of this office into print, but feeling so terribly incensed and urged, too, by many reputable citizens to whom the outrage had extended, we could not well forbear. More anon. Self-defence is the first law of nature. Is a 250-pound policeman a privileged character? Deliver us, oh Lord, from a loud-moutbed, turbulent and un- principled policeman ! Did you witness the disgraceful fracas on the street Thursday morning? Can a meaner thing be perpetrated by living man than to swindle a greenback office out of a bill of advertising or paper subscription? Think of a 250-pound avoirdupois dressed in a little brief authority playing such outrageous acts before a community as makes e'en strong men faint. Mr. McDearmon had a preliminary examination and was bound over to answer an indictment at the succeeding term oY the circuit court. He was prosecuted by John R. Walker, county attorney, and defended by Cosgrove and Johnston. The case was taken to Boone county, on a change of venue, and there tried at the March term in 1882. The case was quite an exciting one, there being much interest taken in the proceedings and in the result. McDearmon was acquitted. SUICIDE. A tramp, with a tie-pass in his pocket, happened to be overtaken at a section house on the Osage Valley and Southern Kansas Railroad, in Palestine township, in January, 1879, and seeing the house was deserted thought he would enter and remain all night. After bein^ 788 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. there a short time, and beginning to feel somewhat at home, he com- menced a survey of the premises, but had not made much of an in- spection when he found that he was not the only occupant of the building. To his surprise and horror, he found a man had hung himself to the banister of the house and was still hanging, cold and lifeless. The tramp immediately left the building and informed par- ties of his discovery. No one knew who the unfortunate man was. He was doubtless a tramp, like the man who found him, and having spent all of this world's goods, and being out of employment, de- termined to end his life on account of the hardships which he did not have the courage to meet, and preferred facing his Creator to answer a crime from which there was no appeal. ALBERT EDWARDS. On Saturday, October 17, 1878, the body of a man was found by two boys in the mouth of the coal bank, owned by Captain Leslie Smith, about a mile and a half from Boonville. The two boys (Ben Bird and John Franks) seeing the man lying on the ground, and sup- posing him to be alive, spoke to him, when they found he was dead. The deceased had in his pockets thirteen photographs, all taken in Eng- land except one taken here, one in Canada and one some other place. The man was identified by O. D. Edwards, as Albert Edwards of Succox, England. The cause of his death was not known. CHAPTEK XVIII. RAILROADS. Railroads — Railroad Bridges — Bonded Debt — Population at Each Census — Popu- lation by Townships — Population by Nationalities — Miscellaneous Facts — Sur- face — Timber — Water — Coal. The earliest enterprise, connected with the history of railroad building in Cooper county to which the attention of the citizens of the county, and especially the people of Boonville, was called, was the construction of the Missouri Pacific, from St. Louis to Kansas City, betweeu 1856 and 1860. The importance of railroads at that time was but imperfectly understood by the people of the west, and of course there were no such efforts put forth by them to secure railroad facilities as thev exert to-dav. Boonville at that time, although not containing as many inhabitants as it does now (1883), possibly, in the aggregate, did a greater business. The town had a number of wholesale, merchants whose business extended for many miles in dif- ferent directions. It had the advantages of water transportation, and being the most important and most populous town or city in all the section of country which paid tribute to it, some of its business men thought that any railroad coming west from St. Louis, through a region of country surrounding Boonville, or within twenty or thirty miles of its proposed route, would naturally deflect from its course and take in Boonville. This idea, unfortunately being entertained upon the part of a few of the citizens of Boonville — some of them being prominent and influential men — the effort to secure the road was not therefore characterized by that earnestness and enthusiasm, thiit should have marked the conduct of men who were attempting to avail themselves of an enterprise, the success of which would greatly and grandly inure to the benefit of their town and the speedy building up of its material interests. The golden prize (the Missouri Pacific), with all its promises for the future, was really to be given to the vine clad city, upon certain conditions, but, through the lukewarmness, indifference and tardiness (789) 790 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. of those who believed the Missouri Pacific road would come to Boon- ville whether solicited or not, it was bestowed upon another and far less pretentious rival and claimant. Had they acted upon the advice of the poet, who said — " Shun delays, they breed remorse," they would have taken the instant " by the forward top " and would have had no cause for repentance and regret. The citizens of Boonville had a meeting and instructed Dr. Wm. H. Trigg, one of their most wealthy and prominent business men, to go to St. Louis and confer with Mr. Allen, who was at the time man- ager of the Missouri Pacific railroad. The doctor waited upon Mr. Allen at his office in St. Louis, and had an extended interview with him in reference to bringing the road by way of Boonville. Nothing definite, however, was arrived at or agreed upon. The doctor had received no specific instructions from home — was authorized to make no proposition looking to any fixed or certain compensation provided the road was brought to Boonville — and, in fact, he returned to Boonville without having accomplished anything that smacked of bus- iness or business intentions. ' Soon after Dr. Trigg's return, Mr. Allen came to Boonville, and while here was interviewed by several of the oldest and most influential citizens, concerning the road, but there seems to have been nothing more accomplished than the eliciting of the bare promise from Mr. Allen that " he would give Boonville a fair chance." What this " fair chance " meant, we are given to understand, was the makiug of a liberal subscription to the railroad company by Cooper county and the city of Boonville. Had this been done, the road would have been secured and Boon- ville would have gone on her way rejoicing, and ere this would have been a far more wealthy and populous city than Sedalia. OSAGE VALLEY RAILROAD. This road was chartered February 21, 1857, to run from a point between Jefferson City and Round Hill, in the direction of Topeka, Kansas. The first meetings of the companj 7 took place before the war. In 1860 the charter was amended, so as to permit the construction of the road north to Boonville. The county of Cooper then subscribed $150,000 in bonds to the road. During the war the road bed was graded, and after the close of the war the county subscribed the ad- ditional sum of $100,000 in bonds. The road was finally completed through Cooper county in the spring of 1869. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 791 TEBO AND NEOSHO RAILROAD, NOW THE MISSOURI, KANSAS AND TEXAS. This road was commenced in 1870. Cooper county subscribed $100,000 towards its construction through the county ; Boonville township, $100,000; Pilot Grove township, $40,000, and Clear Creek township, $30,000. The road was completed in 1873, the celebration of the same occurring at Boonville on the Fourth of July of that year. Upon that occasion there was witnessed quite a gathering of people at Boonville. Colonel John Cosgrove — present member of congress elect from the Boonville district, made the address of welcome on behalf of Boonville. Addresses were made by R. S. Stephens and others, and a pleasant time was had by those who participated in the festivities of that important event. RAILROAD BRIDGE AT BOONVILLE. Previous to 1870, a railroad bridge had been talked of by such prominent citizens of Boonville as Captain Jo. L.Stephens, H. Bunce, J. L. O'Bryan, and others of Cooper county, Colonels Elliott and Es- till, of Howard County, and Messrs. Marvin and Barrett, of Sedalia ; but no steps were taken to secure the building of the same until the months of October and November of that year. During these months a preliminary survey was made by General Wra. Sooy Smith, which fully demonstrated the practicability of constructing a bridge at mod- erate cost. The work, however, did not begin in earnest until the road bed and franchises belonging to the Tebo and Neosho railroad passed into the hands of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroad company. That powerful corporation infused new life into the enter- prise, and determined to push the work to rapid completion. A charter was obtained and an act of congress passed authorizing the construction of the bridge. A proposal was made by the American bridge company, and accepted by the Boonville bridge company for the building of the bridge. Men and machinery made their appear- ance about the middle of September, 1872. During the fall and win- ter following, cribs and caissons for the foundations were framed, the abutments built, quarries opened, and machinery and materials got in a general state of readiness for the spring and summer work. The winter of 1872-73, was one of remarkable severity, and as soon as the ice had cleared away, the cribs were floated into position and sunk where the bed rock was within easy reach, and where it was necessary to go to a great depth to reach bed-rock, large fiat-boats carrying powerful derricks and complete outfits of pneumatic ma- chinery, were moored in position, and the work of sinking the pneu- matic columns commenced. 792 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. DESCRIPTION. The abutment on the south side stands upon solid rock, above high water mark. The next foundation, No. 2, going northward, rests upon a cellular crib, filled with concrete and rubble masonry, which rests on bed rock. Pier No. 3, the pivot pier, rests also on bed-rock. No. 4 stands upon a pneumatic caisson sunk to bed-rock, thirty-five feet below water surface. Piers 5, 6, 7, are pneumatic pile piers, each sunk to bed rock, laid in hydraulic cement mortar from bottom to top, and lined with one inch burnetized pine boards. There is a handsome starling or ice breaker to each of these piers. Pier No. 8 stands upon the north shore, is built upon a foundation of piles and is protected by riprap. Pier No. 9, north abutment, stands at the end of the dyke and is enveloped by it, and has a foundation simi- lar to pier 8. The dyke is 1,800 feet in length, and will average twenty-five feet in height. The superstructure consists of two fixed spans, each 258 feet long ; three fixed spans, each 225 feet long; one fixed span, eighty-four feet long ; one draw, 363 feet long. These are all iron. The openings of the draw are 160 feet in the clear at lqvv water, and the bridge is ten feet above the extreme high water mark of 1844. The weight of the superstructure is 1,638 tons. The draw is opened by a handsome steam engine. The city of Boonville was placed under lasting obligations to Captain Jo. L. Stephens, for the active part he took in securing the passage by congress of the law authorizing the construction of the bridge. Captain Stephens spent several months in Washington in the interest of the bridge, receiving no pay for his time and trouble, and bearing his own expense. Colonel N.G.Elliott and Harvey Bunce, Esq., also went to Washington at their own expense, but doubtless felt amply repaid when they finally beheld the beautiful and substantial bridge for which they had labored, spanning the river so near their own homes. The bridge was finished about January, 1874. BONDED DEBT OF COOPER COUNTY. Two hundred ten per ceut 10-20 bonds of $500 each, issued July 1, 1869, as a subscription to the capital stock of the Tebo and Neosho railroad company, interest payable January and July, at Bank of North America, New York, $100,000. Thirty-two ten per cent 10-20 bonds of $500 each, issued Mayl, 1873, to.complete the subscription to the Tebo and Neosho railroad, in- terest payable January and July, at Bank of North America, New York, $16,000. HISTOKY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 793 The county from October, 1860, to August, 1870, issued to the Osage Valley and Southern Kansas railroad company, bonds amount- ing to $324,500; all of this debt has been paid off except $120,- 000, which has been refunded. One hundred and sixty six per cent 5-20 bonds of $500 each, and 400 six percent 5-20 bonds of $500 each, issued January 1, 1881, under chapter 83, revised statutes, in compromise and redemption of bonds issued to the Osage Valley and Southern Kansas railroad ; interest payable annually on the 1st day of January, at St. Louis Na- tional Bank, St. Louis, Missouri, $120,000. Total, $236,000. Interest on Tebo and Neosho bonds not paid, but new six per cent compromise bonds have been issued to compromise on a basis ot eighty-five cents on the dollar. On the six per cent, compromise bonds, issued in 1881, the interest is promptly paid ; interest tax fifty cents on $100 valuation. Taxable wealth, $5,516,571. BOONVILLE TOWNSHIP. One hundred and five ten per cent twenty year bonds, of $500 each, issued July 1, 1869, to aid in the construction of the Tebo and Neosho railroad, interest payable January and July, at Bank of North Amer- ica, New York, $52,500. Seventy-nine five per cent, 5 -20 bonds, of $500 each, and forty- eight five per cent 5-20 bonds, of $100 each, issued April 1, 1882, under chapter 83, revised statutes, in compromise and redemption of bonds issued to the Tebo and Neosho railroad, interest payable annually January 1, at St. Louis National Bank, St. Louis, $44,300. Total, $96,800. The original debt of Boonville township was $100,000. Com- promise bonds have been issued and $47,505 of the old bonds have been retired at eighty-five cents on the dollar. Interest on com- promise bonds will be promptly paid ; interest tax twenty-five cents on $100 valuation ; interest on old bonds not promptly paid. Tax- able wealth, $1,592,435. PILOT GROVE TOWNSHIP. Eighty ten per cent twenty year bonds of $500 each, issued July 1, 1869, to aid in the construction of the Tebo and Neosho railroad, interest payable January and July, at Bank of North America, New York, $40,000. Interest not promptly paid, no levy for interest since 1878, and no proposition pending for a compromise. Taxable wealth, $300,744. 794 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. CLEAR CREKK TOWNSHIP. Sixty ten per cent twenty year bonds of $500 each, issued July 1, 1869, to aid in the construction of the Tebo and Neosho railroad; interest payable January and July, at Bank of North America, New York, $30,000. Interest not paid since 1878, and no proposition pending for compromise. Taxable wealth, $309,326. BONDED DEBT OF BOONVILLE. Fifty-eight six per cent 5-20 funding bonds of $500 each ami twenty-eight do of $100 each, issued December I, 1879, under chap- ter 83, revised statutes. Interest payable semi-annually in June and December, at St. Louis National Bank, $31,8000. Interest promptly paid. Interest tax forty cents on the $100 valuation; sinking fund tax, twenty cents. Taxable wealth, $520,000. POPULATION OF COUNTY AT EACH CENSUS, FROM 1820 TO 1880. Tear. 1820 1830 - - - - 1840 1850 - 1860 - - - - 1870 1880 - The reaSon of the seemingly small increase in population between the dates of the taking of the census for the first few times, is ex- plained by the fact that every few years some new county was cut off from Cooper, thus taking some part of its territory and population. POPULATION BY TOWNSHIPS IN 1880. Blackwater township ---___ 646 Boonville township, including city of Boonville - 5,605 City of Boonville - - - 3,854 Clark's Fork township ------- 1,406 Clear Creek township --_____ 1,324 Kelly township - - 1,631 Lamine township -------- 1,193 Lebanon township -------- 1,237 Moniteau township -------- 1,539 Otterville township, including Otterville - - - - 1,310 Otterville - ~ - - 505 Palestine township -------- 1,703 White Colored Total Population. Population. Population. 6,307 652 6,959 5,876 1,028 6,904 8,312 2,172 10,484 9,837 3,113 12,950 13,528 3,828 17,356 17,340 3,352 20,692 18,994 3,502 21,596 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 795 Pilot Grove township, including Pilot Grove village - - 209 Prairie Home township - - 905 Saline township -----.__ 1 630 White - 18',094 Colored - - 3)502 Males 11)077 Females 10,519 Native born, in state and county ----- 15 227 Illinois - ' 38 Kentucky 1138 Tennessee -----_.._ 284 Ohio . 501 Indiana - -._ .... 289 British America -------- 29 England and Wales --_. ___ 92 Ireland -.------_.. 158 Scotland ------____ 20 Germau empire --__. __i 120 France ----.__._. 30 Sweden and Norway - _ 7 Number of farms in the county - 2,520 Improved land, number of acres - - - -230,272 Value of farms, buildings, fences, etc. - - $5,579,928 Value of farming implements and machinery - - 247,011 Value of live stock " - - - 1,163,742 Cost of building and repairing fences - 70,613 Value of farm productions --_.__ 1,158,937 Number bushels of corn ------- 2,389,965 Number bushels of oats - 253,289 Number bushels of rye - - - 4,225 Number bushels of wheat 516,138 Value of orchard products ------ $18,826 Hay— tons -.._ 6,007 Number bushels of Irish potatoes ----- 38,226 Number bushels of sweet potatoes 2,696 Tobacco — number of pounds 21,252 Number of horses ----- - 7,638 Number of mules - -• 3,413 Number of milch cows - - - 7,451 Number of other cattle 12,548 Number of sheep 19,942 Number of swine - - - 62,529 Wool — pounds - - 143,770 Milk — gallons - - - - . - - - 12,352 Butter — pounds - 263,278 Cheese — pounds 281 1,269 06 634 53 1,242 96 621 48 1,457 18 728 59 796 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. TAXABLE WEALTH AND TAXES OF COOPER COUNTY. *«"■ ZTteL. pJottpLp. State Tax. County All Tax. 1819 ..-- 1820 - - $1,734 04 $867 02 1821 - - - - 726 32 363 16 1822 1823 ... .... 1824 - -- 1825 - --- 1826 1827 1828 - ---- 1829 - - - 1830 - - - - 1,729 96 864 98 1831 ... . 1832 - --- - .... 1833 ... 1834 - 1835 - - - 1836 - • 1837 - $595,899 $571,948 1,189 21 1,189 21 1838 - 863,153 639,442 1,509 16 2,300 76 1839 918,640 817,073 2,627 41 3,331 08 1840 1,141,775 742,267 2,715 54 4,029 06 1841 - 1,098,646 1,077,665 3,154 01 3,604 65 1842 - 1,386,126 1,094,997 3,455 59 3,455 59 1843 - 1,255,934 700,109 3,091 01 2,318 25 1844 - - - 3,749 60 2,812 20 1845 - - t - " - - - 4,227 86 4,227 86 1846 - --'- 4,103 06 4,103 06 1847 - - - - - - - 4,833 02 4,720 50 1848 - 1,288,322 921,494 5,426 62 5,089 91 1849 - 1,101,795 1,189,188 5,115 85 5,115 85 1850 - 1,232,740 1,060,518 5,200 04 5,188 16 1851 - 1,237,905 1,460,437 5,996 36 11,992 72 1852 - 1,264,695 1,492,532 6,143 72 7,522 46 1353 - 1,177,850 1,552,778 6,14111 11,022 51 1854 - --- 1855 - 1,606,680 1,531,650 7,046 34 12,553 32 1856 2,634,645 2,316,195 10,682 43 19,803 36 1857 - 2,249,160 2,518,330 10,289 48 10,289 48 1858 - 3,385,821 3,458,683 15,588 13 21,67105 1859 - 3,672,538 3,428,789 23,330 29 18,923 24 1860 - 3,603,872 3,186,830 22,402 81 21,720 67 1861 - 2,679,385 2,621,210 18,046 13 17,679 27 1862 12,777 50 13,334 91 1863 - 1,917,230 1,540,070 20,086 96 12,562 38 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 797 Value of Value of „. . „ _ iear - Eeal Estate. Personal Prop. State Tax " Count y All Tax. 1864 - 1,976,390 1,089,660 22,126 36 35,871 98 1865 - 2,047,280 909,580 23,507 16 13,812 08 1866 2,662,757 1,027,807 41,219 07 32,291 07 1867 4,588,978 1,366,377 38,609 80 38,609 80 1868 - 4,929,762 1,164,443 31,243 50 75,580 36 1869 - 4,782,080 1,074,081 29,280 80 84,035 76 1870 4,787,165 1,069,167 29,28181 111,684 47 1871 - 4,384,641 1,164,928 27,747 84 130,325 14 1872 - 4,275,973 1,252,845 24,879 68 107,956 26 ' 1873 4,226,150 1,370,300 27,542 63V 2 129,198 91V» 1874 - 4,226,150 1,347,250 25,814 65 113,186 003/ 4 1875 - 3,773,740 1,366,485 23,131 01 71,834 81 1876 - 3,773,605 1,781,550 22,174 42 92,472 12 1878 - 4,077,080 1,950,145 1879 - 3,520,065 1,714,385 1880 - 3,524,570 1,690,362 - 1881 - 3,538,505 1,916,981 1882 3,550,481 1,947,040 _ 1883 - 3,550,481 2,007,745 - .... The total taxes of the county, since 1876, will average annually about $114,000. TOWNS AND CITIES WHEN LAID OUT. Boonville — Situate in the northeast quarter of section 35, town- ship 49, range 17, was laid out by Charles Lucas and Captain Asa Morgan on the 1st day of August, 1817. Additions — Littleberry Hendricks', made February 6, 1829; Isaiah Hannah's and Jacob Wyans', September 6, 1833; Cooper county's, June 12, 1838; Na- thaniel Hutchison's, August 9, 1838; Isaiah Hannah's, October 1, 1840; Jacob Wyan's, February 23, 1842; E. R. Hayden's, Decem- ber 9, 1867 ; T. W. Nelson's, September 30, 1845 ; East Boonville, by W. H. Trigg, August 12, 1857; John Porter's, March 19, 1868 ; 0. D. Edwards', June 23, 1863 ; Coustantine Heim's, July 21, 1869 ; Davis & Smith's, May 22, 1872. Bunceton — Situate in sections 4 and 5, township 46, range 17 ; was laid out by H. Bunce on May 11, 1868. The town is now in Kelly township. Petersburg — Situate in west half northeast quarter section 20, township 47, range 17 ; was laid out by the Osage Valley and Southern Kansas railway company on January 30, 1869. Bellingsville — Situate in northwest quarter of section 28, town- ship 48, range 17 ; was laid out by Osage Valley and Southern Kansas railway company February 8, 1869. 52 798 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. New Palestine — Situate in east half southwest quarter southeast quarter section 8, township 47, range 17 ; laid out by J. L. Stephens August 20, 1868. Pilot Grove — Situate in northeast quarter section 5, township 47, range 18 ; laid out by Samuel Eoe May 30, 1873. Pleasant Green — Situate in southwest quarter of southwest quar- ter of section 25, township 47, range 19 ; laid out by George Stemberger June 28, 1873. Harrison — Situate in northeast quarter section 13, township 47, range 19 ; laid out by Doctor N. W. Harris July 10, 1873. Clifton City — Situate in northeast quarter section 18, and north- west quarter section 17, township 46, range 19 ; laid out by Peter W. Ladue September 29, 1873. Elkton, now Otterville — Situate in northeast quarter section 4, township 45, range 19 ; laid out by George W. Wear and Gideon K. Tompkins August 26, 1837. Palestine — Situate in southeast quarter of section 8, township 47, range 17 ; laid out by Michael Son September 29, 1836. Milton, now Gooch's Mill — Laid out by Charles McArthur, Leonard Calvert and Jesse Ogden July 7, 1837. Hustonville — Existed near present site of Overton, now in Mis- souri river ; laid out by B. W. Levens and John Ward June 27, 1837. Pisgah — Situate in south half northwest quarter and north half northwest quarter section 2, township 46, range 16, and laid out by James A. Reavis June 30, 1836. SURFACE TIMBER WATER. Cooper county is situated on the thirty-ninth degree north lati- tude, and about the seventh degree west from Washington. It also lies near the geographical centre of Missouri, on the south side of.the. Missouri river, and about half way betweeu Leavenworth and St. Louis. It covers an area of 558 square miles. The surface is about equally diversified with hilly country and prairie. A line of bluffs of goodly height extends the full length of the count}' along the river, at times approaching to the water's edge, and again retreating some distance from the shore. In the southwestern part of Lamine town- ship, near the county line, and in the neighborhood of Blackwater creek, we find it very hilly, as we also do in the southern part of La- mine township, and nearly the whole of Blackwater, Clear Creek and Otterville townships. Other portions are very hilly, but in most cases the roughness of the surface does not prevent a fair degree of HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 799 cultivation. Upon the Lamine river and Black water creek we find the scenery borders closely upon the grand. At places along their courses we find precipices whose perpendicular height must reach' the altitude of 200 feet. There is one in particular upon the Blackwater creek which rises from the creek-bed to about this height, as vertical as any house wall, while upon its summit a conical shaped pile rises still higher, enabling one to view the surrounding country at a great advantage for miles. There are many such precipices at various points along the streams. In many places along these streams we find vast stretches of bottom lands, most of which are well calculated for culti- vation, aud, failing in this, are valuable as pastures for stock. Com- bining the prairie, the low land, the rough and the hilly in such proportions as they are combined in Cooper county, we have a surface capable of suiting the most fastidious farmer of the age. Nor is any land going to waste. Those portions thought to be wholly unfitted for cultivation on account of their roughness, have, by the efforts of the Dutch and Germans, proven a source of wealth to some, and of material worth to others. None seems lost. None seems wholly useless. The county is nearly equally diversified with prairie and timber, the latter predominating. Old settlers state as a fact that there is more timber in the county to-day than there was fifty years ago. It is curious to see a fine growth of trees towering above you, and have a man tell you he saw them when they were no taller than hazel bushes, and that many times he drove over them in his wagon. But such is the rapid growth of timber in this county that such occurrences are frequent. The reason assigned for this growth of timber is the cessation of prairie fires, which in past days prevented the growth of vast portions of the forest. As a county, Cooper is well supplied with water. The drainage is perfect, except in the larger streams, whose currents, unless in very high water, are slow, or are absent altogether. In low water the streams move lazily, or lie quiet for miles along their sources, seeming loth to stir from their pebbly beds. The streams, when swollen by heavy rains, grow to be immense torrents, and rush down their hitherto temporarily empty beds, sweeping all before them. Some of them, not content to remain in bounds, break over their banks, and prove to be of great danger to crops, fences, etc. The drainage is so perfect that the ris- ing in the streams is veiy sudden, and as suddenly they fall. Springs of clear crystal water abound in various portions of the county, while it also furnishes a large number of mineral springs, salt springs, and sulphur springs. Of the former, Chouteau springs are quite celebrated. 800 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Some of these have proven of service in days past, and, doubtless, as their properties become better known, they will prove of more worth in the future. The main streams of the county are : Lamine river, Blackwater creek, Moniteau creek, Clear creek, Flat creek, Petite Saline, Clark's fork and Stephens' fork. Of these the Petite Saline and branches drain the greater part of the county, embracing the central and eastern portions, while Moniteau and Lamine drain the southwestern and western portions respectively. COAL. The coal measures of Cooper county are quite extensive, extend- ing about three miles south of Boonville and seven west of the Lamine river, giving an area of twenty square miles. Besides this regular coal measure there are many local deposits of the very best coal. Among these prominent coal deposits we find Stephens' coal bed. It is located in township 47, range 17, sections 27 and 28. The principal bed is seven feet thick, and has an irregular dip to the west. In township 46, range 17, section 10, is a bed of cannel coal. The strata dip at an angle of 55 degrees, and are covered by a bed of local drift, resting upon the edges of the strata. Colonel James Staple has a coal bed in township 49, range 19, section 16. This is a valu- able bed, but its location is such that its quality cannot be determined until it is worked. Paxton's coal bed is located one mile south of Chouteau springs. Stiger's coal bed is a half mile south of Paxton's. Colonel Thomas Russel's coal bank is located in township 47, range 16, section 18 or 19, J. T. Johnson & Co., and Washington Adam's coal bed in township 47, range 16, section 17. Farley's coal bed is in township 46, range 18, section 31. Drafton's coal bed is in township 46, range 16, section 18. Mrs. Fryer's coal bed is in township 46, range 17, section 18. Moody's coal bed is on Clark's Fork. Jenkin Robinson's coal bed is in township 48, range 16, section 22. Mr. Son's coal bed is in township 47, range 18, section 13. There are many other deposits in the county, but for want of space we cannot mention them. CHAPTER XIX. California Emigrants — Who they Were — A Beautiful and Touching Farewell — Tem- perance Excitement in 1853 — Rev. William Eoss — Proclamation of the Mayor — Police Force Organized — Report of Temperance Committee — Kansas Troubles of 1856 — Meeting of the Citizens of Boonville. CALIFORNIA EMIGRANTS. The years of 1849 and 1850 will be remembered by the old settlers of Cooper county, as the periods when the gold excitement in California reached its highest point, and as the years when the people generally throughout the American Union, as well as Cooper county, were alike smitten with the gold fever. The early settlers, like their descendants of to-day, soon learned that — " Gold is the strength, the sinews of the world; The health, the soul, the beauty most divine; " and manifested their love and appreciation of the saffron-hued metal by separating themselves from their homes and friends, and taking up their line of march to the gold fields of California. Cooper county sent forth many of her sons — some of whom were men with gray beards, and boys still in their teens — to that far-distant region, all animated with the hope that their labors, their sacrifices and their bravery, would be rewarded with an abundance of the glittering and precious ore. Below will be found the names of a portion of the companies of Captains Kobert McCulloch and Solomon Houck. ROBERT M'CULLOCH'S COMPANY. Spotswook McCulloch, Reuben Stevens, ~) Moniteau James Humes, J county, Joseph McCulloch, John McCullocb, Ewing Kelly, Robert Douglass, Joseph Hess, Charles Lewis, John Kelly, Merriweather Lewis, Peter Kelly, Nicholas Lewis, Bear Sr, Abraham Weight, Frank Bear, John Simmons, John Carey, Joseph Potter, William Son, Nelson Potter, George Kelly, (801) 802 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. John Hornbeck, Oldhausen & Son, ) g, t . Perry Taylor, Kichard Bidel, V c " ountv Alfred Hornbeck, Louis Brant, ) ■ r * C. W. Sombart, Dr. Antrim, Julius Sombart, Abraham Reidmeyer, ~) y rom Kobert Allison, William Reidmeyer, > q, . Love Wadly, John Huhn, j ' ErhartSr., Joseph Byler, August Erhart, Calvin Wilson, Albert Erhart, Simon Boyd, William Hardcastle, Dr. Cooper, Universalist preacher. SOLOMON HOUCK'S COMPANY. C. B. Combes, John Oglesby, Thomas Chambers, Thomas Mitchell, Charles Mitchell, Jacob Harrier, Absalom Meridith, Horace Hutchinson, John Baldwin, William Samuels, Jacob Gype, William Wheatley, John Mars, Samuel Row, Cal Mason, John Porter. Upon the eve of his departing for California, one of the Cooper county boys penned the following beautiful and touching farewell: — Farewell, farewell, my native land, I leave thee only with a sigh, To wander o'er a foreign strand, Perchance to live, perchance to die. Adieu, my friends, whom kindred ties Unite, though distant we may rove, How ardent as time onward flies, Fond memory clings to those we love. < O'er the broad plains, far away, Beyond the Bocky Mountain's crest, Our wayward feet awhile shall stray, And press the gold-besprinkled west. But 'mid the gaudy scenes of strife, Where gold to pride enchantment lends, We'll ne'er forget that boon of life — Companions dear and faithful friends. And in the lapse of coming years, Should fortune be not too unkind, We'll hope reward for parting tears, In smiles from those we left behind. We go — yet hoping to return, Friends of our youth, to home and you, For these do cause our hearts to yearn, E'en when we sigh Adieu — Adieu. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 803 TEMPERANCE EXCITEMENT IN 1853. During the month of July, 1853, Boonville was much excited in consequence of a temperance movement inaugurated by the Crystal Fount division of the Sons of Temperance. This organization secured the services of the Rev. William Ross, deputy grand worthy patriarch of Missouri, who delivered a number of temperance lectures in the Meth- odist Episcopal and Presbyterian churches. Mr. Ross was quite radi- cal in his views in reference to the liquor question, and had incurred the displeasure of the saloon keepers of the town by the bold and de- nunciatory manner in which he spoke of their traffic. The excite- ment continued to increase, until it reached its culminating point on July 17, 1853. Upon that day (Sunday) a meeting of the friends of temperance was advertised to be held at the Presbyterian church, where Rev. William Ross would deliver a lecture. On the 16th day of July, the day preceding the day of the lecture, the mayor of Boon- ville had published the following proclamation, which explains itself: — PROCLAMATION. By the Mayor of the City of Boonville: Whereas, a certain itinerant lecturer, calling himself "Billy Ross," has been disseminating discord and dissention in this commu- nity, by vituperation and abuse, under the guise of temperance lec- tures; and, whereas, it is said that sundry persons have armed them- selves and threatened to assemble for combat — some to encourage and others to stop said Ross in his course — these are therefore to forbid all such riotous and unlawful assemblages. And the police of this city are hereby required to suppress and disperse all riotous and unlawful assemblies in this city. In testimony whereof, I, H. B. Benedict, mayor of the city of Boonville, have hereunto set my hand and caused to be affixed the seal of the city, at office, this 16th day of July, 1853. H. B. Benedict, Mayor. POLICE FORCE ORGANIZED. In accordance with this proclamation, the mayor immediately or- ganized a force numbering sixty-two men, including himself, and marched to the Presbyterian church on the 17th of July, where the church and grounds were taken possession of by him. The people (the friends of temperance) came to the church at the hour appointed, but were prevented from entering the building by the mayor and his force, who quietly dispersed the assembled crowd, which offered no resistance, and made no riotous demonstrations. This action upon 804 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. the part of the mayor elicited much unfavorable comment from many of the best citizens of Boonville and the surrounding country. The mayor, however, was sustained by his friends, who thought the cir- cumstances justified his interference. From a published report, made by a committee appointed at the time, by the temperance organization of Boonville, we take the follow- ing in reference to the police force, which acted upon the occasion mentioned : — Who made up that (so-called) police force? Everybody in Boonville knows ! Whisky traders, grog-shop keepers and their bloated customers, black-legs, infidels — some known long and known truly, to be infidels alike towards all that is divine in Christianity, and pure and sacred in the principles of a well-ordered domestic and social life. When Mr. Boss, together with his peaceable, forbearing, but deeply outraged audience, assembled at that church-yard gate, around the church enclosure, and looked over, they saw men who for weeks before had been breathing " threatenings and slaughter " against Mr. Ross (for no other reason than this only: that he had assaulted within the walls of the churches of this city, the hydra monster whisky), herded together, all who heartlessly trade in, and fatten upon the profits of the poison. Large numbers of ladies, with the general multitude, lingered around the gate and gazed with mingled feelings of pity, suppressed indignation and contempt upon the motely mass of disgusting, animal and moral putrescence that made up almost the entire number of the legalized mob that invested, by barbarian, bacchanalian authority the peaceful premises of that deeply dishonored sanctuary. KANSAS TROUBLES OP 1856. August 20, 1856, a call was made in Boonville for men and money to aid the pro-slavery party in Kansas. One of the posters announcing the call, reads as follows : — KANSAS. A meeting of the citizens of Cooper county will be held at the court-house, in Boonville, on Saturday, the 23d, for the purpose of raising men and money to aid the law and order men in Kansas. Let every pro-slavery man attend. Bring your guns and horses. Let us sustain the government, and drive back the abolitionists who are murdering our citizens. The above was signed by some of the prominent citizens of the town, who sent men and money to Kansas. CHAPTEE XX. SAMUEL COLE. His Birth and Parentage — His Early Recollections — His Reminiscences as a Hun- ter — Hunting Bee Trees. Having spoken of this old pioneer in the first chapter of the history of Cooper county, and having given of him some interesting and amusing incidents, we will now speak of him more fully. The first settlers in any new country pass through an experience which no succeeding generation will ever be able fully to appreciate. The time is already past when the youth of the present, even, have any proper conceptions of the vicissitudes, dangers and trials which the pioneer fathers and mothers are compelled to undergo to main- tain a footing in the states west of the great Mississippi. Every new settlement wrote a history of its own, which differed from others in the nature of its surroundings ; but the aggregate of the experience of all was one never again to be repeated in the same territory or country. The mighty woods and the solemn prairies are no longer shrouded in mystery, and their effect on the minds of the early comers are sensations which will be a sealed book to the future. Year by year the circle of these old veterans of civilization is narrowing. All that is most vivid and valuable in memory is rapidly disappearing. Gray hairs and bowed forms attest the inarch of time. Fresh hillocks in every cemetery are all the marks that are left of a race of giants who grappled nature in her fastnesses, and made a triumphant con- quest in the face of the greatest privations, disease and difficulty. The shadows that fall upon their tombs, as time recedes, are like the smoky haze that enveloped the great prairies of the early days, sad- dening the memory and giving to dim distance only a faint and phantom outline, to which the future will look back, and must often wonder at the great hearts that lie hidden under the peaceful canopy. It is for this reason, therefore, that no personal sketch of pioneer settlers, however rudely drawn or immature in detail, can be classed as the work of mere vain glory. On the contrary, the future will treasure them, and as the generations recede they will become more (805) 806 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. and more objects of interest and real value. The memory of the pioneer is one that the world will never consent to let fade. Its trans- mission is a priceless gift to the future, and the addition of a fresh sketch should be esteemed by the reader as of great value. BIRTH AND PARENTAGE. The subject of this sketch was born in Wythe county, Virginia — a state whose population did as much in the early settlement of cen- tral Missouri to give a permanent impress to the character and civil- ization of the Boone's Lick country, as any people east of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. His father was William T. Cole, and his mother was Hannah Ellison. From this union nine children were born. Samuel was the youngest, and first saw the light of day in January, 1801. When he was but four years old his parents emi- grated to Kentucky, and settled in Wayne county. Remaining there until 1808, the family came to Missouri and located in Osage county. During the second year of the family's residence in Osage, his father was killed by Indians. Soon after that unfortunate event the widow, with her nine children, came to Cooper, she and her children being one of the first two families that pitched their tents within the limits of the county. HIS EARLY RECOLLECTIONS. The author having visited and conversed with Mr. Cole, while preparing this history, and finding him still possessed of a vivid mem- ory, albeit eighty-two years have passed over his head, will here give the result of the interview, detailing the facts and incidents as narrated by him, and, as nearly as we can, in his own style : — " We came up on the other side of the river from Osage county in a two-horse wagon. The time was a few days before Christmas. The river was running full of ice. We halted our team about where Old Franklin was afterwards built, and came over the river in a pirogue, leaving our wagon on the other side and swimming our team. After arriving on this side we continued our journey for about a mile east of the present town of Boonville, and stopped on the ojd site of Hannah Cole's fort, where we remained. The river contin- ued to be so full of ice, and was so swift, that we could not return to the opposite shore for eleven days. We left our provisions in the wagon, and during this time (eleven days) we had nothing to eat but some acorns, slippery-elm bark, and one wild turkey. The river was not as wide then as it is now, and appeared to be much more rapid at HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 807 Boonville. As soon as the ice had somewhat disappeared, we got in- to the pirogue and recrossed, but the current and ice carried us two miles below before we could make a landing. After doing this we slowly worked our way up on the other side, reaching a point where we had left our wagon with some difficulty. We took the wagon apart (the boat not being large enough to carry it any other way), and came back on this side of the river. " We put in a small crop of corn in 1810 and in 1811, and tended it the entire time with a cow, which we worked in a plow ; we had no other team. The first winter of our arrival, Daniel Boone came to see us, or rather stopped at our house, on his way home to Nathan Boone's, his son. He had been at the mouth of the Lamine river, trapping and hunting. He had caught two beavers. Their skins were worth nine dollars each at that time in St. Louis. He was a cousin to my father. I knew him well, and saw him a great deal while we were in Osage county. He was afflicted with rheumatism, and would ask me (I was a small boy about eight years old) to rub his back, which I always did. The hunting and trapping expedition to the mouth of the Lamine was the last that the old man ever took. " After living in Cooper county for two or three years, the war with England commenced. The fort which had been erected where my mother lived was not considered safe, and the settlers on this side went to the forts in Howard county ; we went to Fort Kincaid. We remained in the fort until the war was over. While living in the fort, my brother, James, and Miss Betsy Ashcraft were married. The first marriage that took place in Cooper county was the marriage of my brother, Holbert, and Miss Annie Son. "The first child born, was the son of William Savage and wife ; his name was Hiram . " The first physician was Dr. George Hart, of Boonville. " I was the first shoemaker and occasionally made shoes for eigh- teen years. Shoes were cheap, being worth only, thirty-five cents a pair. I made one hundred pairs of shoes one season out of deer skins, for Zachariah Waller, who was then trading at Santa Fe, New Mexico. He paid me one dollar a pair, and sold them for three dol- lars in Mexico. " The first preacher in the county, was a Baptist, by the name of Peter Woods. "The first church was erected by the Baptists and called Con- cord. 808 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. " The first mill was built by a man named James Geyer, on Petite Saline creek, and was called a 'band mill.' It was located at the Jake McFarland place. The second mill was also a band mill, and erected by Jake McFarland, on the same creek. " The first school was taught by John Savage, in 1813, about one mile east of Boonville, on Lilly's branch, and about half a mile from the mouth of that stream. The pupils numbered fifteen and were the children of the settlers who resided in the neighborhood of Han- nah Cole's fort. The pupils' names were Benjamin, Delany and Wil- liam Bolin, Hiram and William Savage, Hess and William Warden, John and Wm. Yarnell, John and Wm. Jolly, Joseph and Wm. Scott, John and Wm. Rupe. The children sat upon a log in the open air, (there being no school house and the weather being warm) and the teacher occupied a stump in front of them. This school was discon- tinued, after a month had passed, in consequence of the Indians having begun about this time a series of depredations upon the settlers. " During the next spring after we came to Cooper, we were joined by Wm. Savage, L. Bolin, William Warder and Gilliard Rupe. We were glad to see them as we wanted their company as neighbors. For two years we were not disturbed by the Indians,' but after the break- out of the war of 1812, the Sacs and the Fox Indians left the county and went east of the Mississippi river. They, however, returned during the war, and stole everything from us they could get. I was acquainted with a number of Indian chiefs, particularly with Keokuk and Quashgami ; the latter lived on Moniteau creek. I was also ac- quainted with Blackhawk, who afterwards became so noted as a brave and cunning warrior. I often hunted and fished with the Indians, and found them not only friendly, but accommodating. All the neigh- bors we had on this side of the river, when we moved over, were the Indians." HIS REMINISCENCES AS A HUNTER. " Seventy-one years ago, when I was about twelve years old, I started one morning to hunt for game. My brothers had an old flint- lock rifle, which I carried with me. It was a large and heavy gun, and was so heavy that I could not shoot it without taking a rest. 1 came up the river, keeping near the bank, until I got to where the court-house now stands in Boonville. Under the trees, which then covered the ground in the court-house yard, I saw five deer standing together. I selected one of the finest looking ones and fired. At the crack of my gun he fell ; but upon going up to where he was, he jumped to his feet, and would have followed the other four deer to- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 809 wards the river, had I not run up and caught hold of him, putting mv arms around his neck. He pawed me with his sharp hoofs and horned me— his hoofs making an ugly gash on my thigh and his horns stink- ing me on the forehead. The marks of both hoof's and horns I carry with me to-day. I held the deer until my dog came up. I then loaded the gun and shot him again, this time killing him. This was the first deer I ever killed, and although it was a dangerous undertak- taking, the experience only spurred me on to gather trophies of a sim- ilar character. "I killed five bears just below the town — where Boonville now stands — and killed twenty-two bears in three days. I killed four elks in less than one hour's time. There were a few .buffaloes in the county when I came, but these were soon killed or driven further westward. I never killed a buffalo, but caught five calves of a small herd near the Pettis county line. I have seen as many as thirty deer at one sight at Prairie lick. One day I went out upon the prairie, in the spring of the year, and saw about twenty deer — all lying down ex- cept one ; this one was a sentinel for the herd. I approached within about 300 yards of them and took my handkerchief, which was a large red bandanna, and fastened it to the end of a stick and shook it a little above my head, when they all sprang to their feet and came towards me. A deer has much curiosity, and they were determined to find out, if they could, what the red handkerchief meant. When one of the largest of the number came within gunshot distance, I shot and killed it. I often repeated the handkerchief ruse with great suc- cess. I have killed and carried to the house three deer before break- fast. " When I was living in Fort Kincaid, and being still a boy, I went out hunting many times. One morning I went down the river bank, and after getting a short distance from the fort I heard the gobble of a wild turkey near the river. I went under the bank and went down to about the place where I thought the turkey was, and ascended the bank. When I got on the top I saw, as I thought, a large black wolf running along on a log. I fired and killed it, but upon going up to where it lay, I saw that it was a bear — a cub — and a very fine one it was. I took it home, and we had of it many ex- cellent meals. The flesh of a young bear is tender and finely flavored. "In the summer of 1812, when we were in the fort, Stephen Cole, Muke Box and myself left on a hunting expedition, crossed the river where Boonville now stands, and penetrated the forest to Petite Saline creek. After we had hunted and fished for three days, we 810 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. were preparing to return, when we heard the report of guns. We knew that there were no white men on this side of the river, and nat- urally supposed that the Indians were hunting near us, and would kill us if they could get a chance. "We were soon convinced that the Indians were after us, because we saw their dogs, which came up near us. These dogs were so well trained by their masters that they never barked. Indian dogs never bark. We immediately started back, and when we arrived at the place where Delany Bolin afterwards located, we discovered that the Indians were pursuing us. We separated, thinking it was better for us to do so, agreeing to meet where we had left our canoe. When we arrived at the river we found our canoe gone, the Indians having taken it. We lashed three large chunks and logs together, placed our guns, clothes, etc., upon this raft and swam the river, pushing the raft before us. We landed about two and a half miles below Boonville. That evening; we reached the fort in safety and reported our adventure with the In- dians, at the same time advising the inmates of the fort to be prepared for an attack at any time. " Next morning the settlers discovered tracks of the Indians near the fort, and fouud it had been reconnoitred during the night by a band of eight Indians. They immediately sent to Cooper's and McLean's forts for reinforcements, as there were, at that time, very few men in the fort, and -they supposed that this band of eight was but the scouting party of a large band of Indians. Reinforcements, to the number of forty-two, soon arrived from the other forts, and they, together with the men belonging to Kincaid's fort, started in pursuit of the Indians, whom they had by this time discovered to be but a small band. " After pursuing them some distance they surrounded them in a hollow, near Monroe's farm, about four miles west of the present site of New Franklin. The Indians concealed themselves in the brush and thickets and behind the timber, and not being able to see them, the firing of the settlers was a great deal at random. The fight con- tinued for a long time ; four Indians were killed and the remaining four, though badly wounded, escaped. None of the settlers were killed and only one, named Adam Woods, was severely wounded, but he afterwards recovered. " Night coming on they were forced to defer the pursuit of the surviving Indians. The next day, not satisfied with their work the day before, the rangers started on the trail of the Indians, which was plainly marked with blood. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 811 " They followed it to the river and there found the canoe which the savages two days before had stolen from us. The sides of the canoe were covered with blood, showing that the Indians had attempted to push it into the river, but on account of being weakened by the loss of blood, could not. After hunting them for some time in vain, the party returned to the fort. "I have hunted a great deal in my life. I almost lived in the woods for seven years, and continued to go upon hunting expeditions for forty years, after coming to Cooper county. I should enjoy si hunt now, but my eyesight has failed me so much that I cannot see to shoot. I naturally loved the forests, the hills, the valleys, the water courses and everything that reminded me of nature in its rustic and unpolished state. Could I find such a country as this was seventy years ago, and was ten years younger than I am, I would go to it." HUNTING BEE TREES. "Where Boonville now stands, there was an immense forest. While hunting bee trees, I found nine in one day, on the very spot where the town is now located. One of these trees was a large burr- oak which stood upon the west side of the road from where Dr. Wm. H. Trigg now lives. We found a great quantity of honey in this tree ; it was hollow and we got the honey out by climbing up a short dis- tance and chopping into it with an axe. We took honey from that tree for three years in succession. Honey constituted one of our most indispensable, as well as' most delicious articles of diet, taking the place, as it did, of sugar and syrup. When I grew tired of hunting, I could gather honey, and when I got tired of searching for honey, I could fish. A man could live and clothe himself out of the woods and the streams right around him. The richest and most delicate food of to-day would not compare with our unbought venison, which could be had wherever you sought for it, nor can you find now an article of clothing which is more durable and more comfortable than the skins of the wild animals, with which the whole country then abounded. " I have been living on my farm for fifty-nine years. I married Miss Sallie Briscoe in 1821, by whom I had fifteen children. My second wife was Mrs. Catharine Patrick, by whom I have had four children. Fourteen of my children are still living. The last time I counted my grand-children and great grandchildren — which was two or three years ago — there were ninety-six. I suppose the number has increased to fully 100 by this time." 812 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Mr. Cole, although, not the oldest man in the county, is the oldest living settler. There may be a few others who came about the time or soon after he did, who are living elsewhere, but they are few, and can be counted upon the fingers of one hand. He told us that the friends and companions of early days — of his early hunting days — were either all dead or had moved else- where, except Henry Corum, who was his near neighbor and who is now in his eighty-eighth year. We felt, as we passed out from beneath the old man's roof, that after a little longer waiting and watching, he too, would join — "The innumerable caravan, that moves To that mysterious realm where each shall take His chamber in the silent halls of death." CHAPTER XXI. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. Prefatory Bemarks — Baptist Church — Concord — Mount Nebo — Big Bottom — Pisgah — Providence — First Baptist Church at Boonville — Church atOtterville — • Pilot Grove Church — Second and Sixth Colored Churches at Boonville — Methodist Episcopal Church South at Boonville — Bell Air Church — Prairie Home — Pilot Grove — Church at Bunceton — German Methodist Church at Boonville — Presbyterian Church at Boonville — New Lebanon — Mount Vernon — Highland Church — New Salem — Union Presbyterian Church at Bunceton — New Zion — Lone Elm Christian Church — Lamine — Second Lone Elm Church — Walnut Grove — St. Peter's Church — German Evangelical Lutheran Church of Clear Fork — Christ's Episcopal Church at Boonville — Catholic Churches. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. "You raised these hallowed walls, the desert smiled, And Paradise was opened in the wild." The settlement of the county and the organization of the first churches were almost contemporaneous. The plow had scarcely be- gun to turn the sod when the pioneer preachers commenced to labor in the new field. In the western country, as well as in the Orient and the isles of the sea, marched the representatives of the Christian reli- gion in the front ranks of civilization. Throughout the centuries which comprise this era have the Christian missionaries been taught and trained to accompany the first advance of civilization, and such was their advent in Cooper county. In the rude cabins and huts of the pioneers they proclaimed the same gospel that is preached in the gorgeous palaces that, under the name of churches, decorate the great cities. It was the same gospel, but the surrounding made it appear different, in the effect it produced at least. The Christian religion had its rise, and the days of its purest practice among an humble- minded people ; and it is among similar surroundings in modern times that it seems to approach the purity of its source. This is the best shown in the days of pioneer life. It is true, indeed, that in succeed- ing times the church has attained greater wealth and practices a wider benevolence. Further, it may be admitted that it has gained a firmer discipline, and wields a more genial influence on society ; but it re- mains true, in pioneer times we find a manifestation of Christianity 53 (813) 814 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. that we seek in vain at a later period, and under contrasted circum- stances. The meek and lowly spirit of the Christian faith — the placing of spiritual things above vain pomp and show — appears more earnest amid the simple life and toil of a pioneer people than it can when surrounded with the splendors of wealth and fashion. But we may take a comparison less wide, and instead of contrast- ing the Christian appearances of a great city with the Christian appearances of the pioneers, we may compare the appearances of forty years ago, here in the west, with those in the present time of moder- ately developed wealth and taste for display, and we find much of the same result. The comparison is perhaps superficial to some extent, and does not fully weigh the elements involved, nor analyze them properly. We simply take the broad fact, not to decry the present, but to illustrate the past. So looking back to the early religious meetings in the log cabins we may say : " Here was a faith earnest and simple, like that of the early Christians." It is our purpose to give as full and complete a history of the churches of the different religious denominations of Cooper county in this chapter as we can. From the best information we have obtained, the representatives of the Baptist church were the first to bear aloft the banner of the Christian religion in Cooper county, beginning their labors with Concord church. Concord Church. — On the 10th of May, 1817, a meeting was held among these cross-bearing disciples, which was attended by Elders Edward Turner, William Thorp and David McLain, who proceeded to organize theConcord church with the following members : — Luke Williams, Polly Williams, William Savage, Mary Savage, Delaney Bolen, Judith Williams, Absalom Huff, Susanna Savage, Joseph Baze, Lydia Turner, Charles Williams, Patsey Bolen, Sally Baze and Eliza- beth Williams, — in all fourteen. The following is a copy of their Articles of Faith : Article 1. We believe in one only living and true God, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, and these three are one. Art. 2. We believe the Scriptures of the old and new Testament to be the written word of God, and the only rule of life and practice. Art. 3. We believe in the fall of man and his utter inability to recover himself from that lost estate. Art. 4. We believe the doctrine of particular election, especial calling, believers' baptism, and the final perseverance of the saints, through grace. Art. 5. We believe in baptism by immersion, and the Lord's Supper, and that true believers are the only proper subjects of the same. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 815 Art. 6. We believe in the resurrection of the dead and a general judgment. Art. 7. We believe the joys of the righteous and the punishment of the wicked will be eternal. Art. 8. We believe in the imputed righteousness of Christ. Art. 9. We believe it t© be our duty to support the gospel and defray the expenses of the church. This church was located in the settlement south of Boonville, and gave name to the Concord Association in 1823. In June of the year 1817, at the second meeting of the church, she chose Elder Luke Wil- liams as her pastor, who continued in this relation until his death, about six years afterwards. This left the church in a very destitute condition. The membership was small, very few of whom were males. Such was the gloomy state of affairs when Elder Kemp Scott came among them, a year or two after the death of Elder Williams. He was chosen pastor, and for a time the church was greatly pros- pered. The first fourteen years of its history show that the church gradually grew, receiving members both by baptism and by letter every year, but at the same time dismissing many members to join other churches, and sometimes to go into new organizations. During this period its numerical strength ranged from twenty to forty -live. There are no authentic records of the church from 1833 to 1846, a period of thirteen years. On the 26th of December, 1846, a reunion was forrafed with a neighboring church, known as " The Vine." This event added considerable strength to the old church, which to this day stands as " a city set on a hill." Mount Nebo Baptist Church — The first meetings of this church were held one mile north of Bunceton, the date being about June, 1820. The list of early members numbers sixty-three. The first name upon this list.is that of Lydia Corum, whose name was recorded about June 3, 1820. With hers, and on the same date, was recorded the name of Jordan O'Bryan. Then follow the names of Abraham and Nancy Woolery. The first regular pastor was the Rev. A. P. Williams. The first house of worship was built in 1838. The present building, which is located about half a mile west of the old church, was erected in 1856. It was dedicated by the Rev. E. S. Dulin and Robert H. Harris. Present pastor, I. B. Dotson ; present member- ship, 125. We could get but a few of the names of the constituent members of old Mount Nebo. The Concord Association was formed on Satur- day before the third Sunday, in October, 1823, at Mount Nebo church. 816 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Big Lick Church — which was a constituent of the Concord association, was organized August 24, 1822, under an arbor, neat- Judge Ogden's Spring, about one mile north of where the church edifice was afterwards built. Elders John B. Longan and Jacob Chism composed the council. Its original members were sixteen. Elder John B. Longan was the pastor from 1822 to 1845 ; Elder Tyree C. Harris from 1845 to 1851 ; following him were Robert H. Harris, B. G. Tutt, J. B. Box, J. D. Murphy and J. S. Palmer. Two extensive revivals were enjoyed by this church : the first in 1838, under the labors of A. P. Williams, the other in 1847, during the pastorate of T. C. Harris, when the church reached its maximum, numbering about 350 members. Pisgah Church — But little is known of the early history of this church. It was organized prior to 1823, from the fact that at the Mount Pleasant association, which was held in October, 1823, at Mt. Nebo church, there were eight churches admitted into the association, one of these being Pisgah church. Mt. Pleasant Church — This church was also organized prior to to 1823, but little is now known of its early history. Providence Baptist Church — Organized November, 1879, at Prairie Home Institute, by Rev. B. T. Taylor. The constituent mem- bers were : Miss E., Miss R. and Miss J. McLane, A. Slaughter, Mrs. L. W. Slaughter, Mrs. M. Simmons, W. E. Watt, Mrs.. L. F. Watt, William Simmons, Mrs. Lizzie Simmons, Mrs. Saline Smith, A. J. Hornbeck, Jeremiah Hornbeck, Mrs. E. Hornbeck, Mrs. Josie, Miss Sallie, Miss Nevada, Miss Fannie, Miss Minerva, Miss Nannie, Miss Henrietta and C. C. Don Carlos, Miss N. J. and Mrs. Mary Adair, Mrs. Mary, Miss Laura, Miss Lillie and Miss Mattie Taylor, Thomas F. and Mrs. Sallie B. Hall, Gabriel, Miss Nancy, Miss M. A. and Miss D. J. Hale, Mrs. Sarah C. Wilson, Mrs. Sarah Stemmons, Miss Sudie and Miss Nannie Stemmons, George W., Mrs. Mary and Clara Carey, Mrs. Melinda Duugan, Miss Jennie and Amanda Maxwell, and Bettie Hudson. Church erected in 1881 ; dedicated October, 1881, by Rev. J. B. Box; cost $1,000; present pastor, Rev. J. B. Box. Services first Sunday in each month ; pres- ent membership, fifty ; house located in the northeast corner of sec- tion 18, township 47, range 15. First Baptist Church of Jesus Christ, Boonville, Cooper county, Missouri — Organized December 30, 1843, by Reverends A. M. Lewis and A. B. Hardy. Names of original members: Reuben E. McDan- iel, Alfred Simmons, David Lilly, Lawrence B. Lewis, Jordan HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 817 O'Bryan, Elizabeth Dow, Sarah Gates, Maria Elliott, Eliza Ann Hick- man, Susan D. Conner, Delia McDaniel, Elizabeth N. Eichardson, Jane E. Eichardson and Francis B. Major. Church was built in sum- mer of 1847, of brick. Names of pastors : Tyra C. Harris, Eobert Harris, John W. Mitchell, Spencer H. Olmsted, X . X. Buckner, M. M. Padelford, Charles Whiting, J. L. Blitch, G. W. Sogers, M. L. Laws, S. F. Taylor, A. W. Chambliss, G. W. Hyde, A. Machette, now in charge. Number of present membership, 127. First Baptist Church at Otterville — Organized in 1866, by J. W- Williams and Brother Parish. Names of original members : George I. Key, James Shackelford, Samuel Swearingen, William H. Bowdin, Martha L. Key, Sarah Willard, Catherine L. Key, Augeline Cook, Mary C. Golladay, Josephine Butler, Mahala Price, Jane Trimble, Margaret A. Shackelford, Temperance E. Swearingen, Mary A. Bowdin, Sophia Cook and Sarah Ellison. The church was bought in 1874 from the Cumberland Presbyterians. It is frame, and cost $360. Names of pastors : William Pastors, John K. Godby, T. V. Greer, W N. Phillips, E. T. Shelton, pastor at present. Number of present membership, thirty-nine. Mt. Herman Missionary Baptist Church — Located on section 36, of Clark's Fork township. It was organized January 3, 1868, by Jehu Eobinson. Original members : Mrs. Margaret Eeid, Sarah Gartner, Lucy Brown, Margaret Cartner. First pastor, Jehu Eobin- son ; present membership, 100. The first organization was at the Concord school house. Present church was built in 1879, and ded- icated in June of the same year; cost, $1,800. Sabbath school su- perintendent, James H. Eennison ; number of scholars, fifty. Pilot Grove Baptist Church — Organized in 1876 . Names of orig- inal members : Eev. N. T. Allison and wife, J. E Jeffress, A. N. Spencer, J. Tomlinson, B. F. Chamberlain and wife, L. L. Chamber- lain and wife, Miss Eebecca Massie, Miss Millie White and Mrs. Sarah Kaley. The church was built in 1876, is frame, and cost $1,000. It was dedicated in 1877 b*y Eev. William Ferguson. Names of pastors : N. T. Allison and I. B. Dotson. Number ot present membership, thirty-four. Second Baptist Church (colored) — Located on Morgan street, Boonville — Organized 1865 or 1866, by Eev. W. P. Brooks. Names of original members — Eichard Taylor aud wife, William Jackson and wife, Dilcey Thomas, Eebecca Sharp, Hannah Alexander, Wash- ington Whittleton, Minerva Smith, Jane Smith, Duke Diggs and wife, G. Fowler and wife, Jane Douglass, Ellen Woods, Abbey Smith, 818 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Green Smith, Cynthia Nelson, P. Watkins, P. Wilson. Number of present members, 216. Pastors — Rev. Granderson Roberts, Rev. Reuben Nelson, A. Nelson, Rev. Poindexter, Rev. H. Robert- son, Rev. H. Smith, Rev. J. H. Burton, Rev. C. Vaughn and Rev. J. W. Miller, present pastor. The church was built in 1870, is frame, and cost $1,600. Number of Sunday-school scholars, 100. Super- intendent, Robert Humphrey. Organized by Rev. W. P. Brooks, who has done much for the cause of the colored Baptists in the state. Sixth Baptist Church (colored), Boonville — Organized June 1, 1874, by Rev. S. Bryant. Names of original members : Green Wil- son, William Jackson, David Watson, Paul Donaldson, Smith Barnes, Rebecca Sharp, Martha Tibbs, Clacy Waller, Esther Rollins, Clara Johnson, Dilcey Thomas, Sarah Jackson, Arrena Watson. Present membership, 100. First pastor, Rev. Reuben Nelson; second, Rev. J. J.Moore; third, R. M.Vernon; fourth, Tinley T. Lucas; fifth, Rev. James Powell ; present pastor, Freeman Jones. Built in 1876; cost, $1,000 ; number of Sabbath school scholars, fifty ; superin- tendent, Frank Harris. Methodist Episcopal Church South, Boonville. — Rev. John Scripps, a Methodist minister, was among the pioneer preachers in Cooper county. Religious services were held by him at' a private house in Boonville in 1817, and in September, 1818, the church was organized by Rev. Justinian Williams, who was a brother of Marcus Williams, the first mayor of Boonville. There were six members present at the formation of this church, to wit : Justinian Williams and wife, Frederick Houx and wife, and two other persons, whose names we did not succeed in getting. From the fall of 1818 till the fall of 1834 the class was part of what was known as the Lamine circuit. In 1834 it was called Boonville cir- cuit ; in 1818 W. R. Jones was appointed preacher and Jesse Walker presiding elder. He was followed in 1819 by John Scripps, Jesse Haile, presiding elder ; 1820, Levin Green, Samuel H. Thompson, presiding elder ; 1821, John Blaisdell, Samuel H. Thompson, pre- siding elder; 1822, Frederick B. Leach, David Sharp, presiding elder; 1823, Stephen R. Beggs, David Sharp, presiding elder; 1824, Benjamin S. Ashby, Jesse Haile, presiding elder ; 1825, Uriel Haw, John Dew, presiding elder ; 1826, John Harris, A. Monroe, presid- ing elder; 1827, Cassell Harrison, A. Monroe, presiding elder ; 1828, W. W. Redman, Jesse Greene, presiding elder; 1829, E. T. Heery, Jesse Greene, presiding elder ; 1830, William Crane, Alex. McAllis- ter, presiding elder ; 1831, Justinian Williams, Joseph Edmondson, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 819 presiding elder; 1832, W. W. Redman, Jesse Greene, presiding elder; 1833, John K. Lacy, Jesse Greene, presiding elder; 1834, John L. Irwin, Jesse Greene, presiding elder; 1835, J. Prior, W. W. Kedman, presiding elder; 1836, Ben r! Johnson, W. W. Red- man, presiding elder; 1837, R. H. Jordan, Jesse Greene, presiding elder; 1838, Thomas Wallace, Jesse Greene, presiding elder; 1839, Thomas Wallace, Jesse Greene, presiding elder ; 1840, Lester James, Jesse Greene, presiding elder; 1841, John Thatcher, James Jamison, presiding elder; 1842, Thomas Johnson, James Jamison, presiding elder ; 1843, N. Westeman, Thomas Wallace, presiding elder; 1844, Thomas T. Ashby, Thomas Wallace, presiding elder; 1845, George C. Light, Thomas Wallace, presiding elder ; 1846, Joseph Boyle, Thomas Wallace, presiding elder; 1847, Joseph Boyle, Elijah Perkins, presiding elder; 1848, James Mitchell, Eli- jah Perkins, presiding elder; 1849, John Henning, Joseph Boyle, presiding elder; 1850, J. F. Trnslow, John A. Henning, presid- ing elder; 1851, W. H. Lewis, James Mitchell, presiding elder; 1852, W. H. Lewis, James Mitchell, presiding elder ; 1853, W. M. Prottsman, James Mitchell, presiding elder ; 1854, Warren Whar- ton, James Mitchell, presiding elder; 1855, Warren Wharton, D. A. Leeper, presiding elder; 1856, A. A. Morrison, D. A. Leeper, presiding elder; 1857, A. A. Morrison, D. A. Leeper, presiding elder; 1858, J. W. Lewis, D. A. Leeper, presiding elder; 1859, J. W. Lewis, W. M. Prottsman presiding elder; 1860, J. R. Hall, W, M. Prottsman, presiding elder; 1861, J. R. Hall, W. M. Prottsman, presiding elder; vacant for a while; 1863, W. M. Pugh, Josiah Godbey, presiding elder; 1864, W. M. Pugh, Josiah God- bey, presiding elder; 1865, W. C. Godbey, Josiah Godbey, pre- siding elder; 1866, W. J. Brown, J. A. Murphy, presiding elder; 1867, G. W. Hern, M. M. Pugh, presiding elder; 1868, M. G. Williams, M. M. Pugh, presiding elder; 1869, 0. P. Jones, M. M. Pugh, presiding elder; 1870, C. P. Jones, M. M. Pugh, presiding elder; 1871, W. F. Camp, W. M. Prottsman, presiding elder; 1872, C. C. Woods, J. R. Bennett, presiding elder ; 1873, C. C. Woods, J. R. Bennett, presiding elder; 1874, John A. Murphy, J. R. Ben- nett, presiding elder; 1875, John A. Murphy, C. C. Woods, presid- ing elder; 1876, C. H. Briggs, C. C. Woods, presiding elder ; 1877, C. H. Briggs, C. C. Woods, presiding elder; 1878, C. H. Briggs, C. C. Woods, presiding elder ; 1879, C. H. Briggs, P. Philips, presiding elder; 1880, W. M. Poage, P. Philips, presiding elder; 1881, G. W. Hern, P. Philips, presiding elder; 1882, G. W. Hern, P. Philips, 820 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. presiding elder. In 1832 the Missouri conference met at Pilot Grove, in September; Bishop Soule presided, and John Glanville was secre- tary. On September 26, 1838, conference met at Boonville, Bishop Soule presiding, W. W. Eedman, secretary. Conference was held there in 1858,, 1870, and will meet there September 26, 1883. The old church was begun about 1832. Bell Air M. E. Church South — The church organization was effected in 1850. Some of the original members were James Bell and wife, Thornton Bell and wife, and Jacob ,G. Shutler and wife. The present building was erected in 1870, and dedicated by Rev. D. K. McAually, of St. Louis. Present membership about fifty. Rev. John Given is now preaching for the church. Prairie Home M. E. Church — Organized in 1881 by Rev. Vau- diver. Church built in 1880-81. Dedicated August, 1881, by Rev. Phillips. First pastor, Rev. Vandiver ; second, Rev. Cross; present pastor, John Anthony. Original members, Sarah Tompkins and Mrs. Eleanor Huff. Soou after the church was organized with the two members above named, the following persons united : William Kirschman and wife, James Wilson, wife and family, James Jones and wife, Alonzo Meredith, Mrs. Kate Smith, Samuel Jones, Andrew Rankins, Mrs. Kelly M. Hobbs ■ and Miss Jessie George. Present membership, thirty-five. Value church property, $1,500. Pilot GroveM.E. Church South — Organized 1826 or 1827. Names of original members : Samuel Roe, Sr., is the only name among the original members that we could get. Church was built in 1850, rebuilt in 1879; is a frame building. Cost $1,200. Dedicated by Rev. Preston Phillips, October, 1879 (new structure). J. C. Given is present pastor. Number of present membership, 125. In September, 1832, Bishop Soule held annual conference at this church. M. E. Church South at Bunceton — In April, 1879, Rev. C. H. Briggs (then stationed in Boonville), by request of Mrs. Maria Stephens, was solicited to come to Bunceton and organize the few members of the M. E. church south into a society. He did so, and enrolled the following membership : Mrs. Maria Stephens, Captain S. P. Tevis, George Dorsey, James Moon, Mrs. Jane Moon, George Dameron, Mrs. Lucy Dameron, O. F. Arnold, and Mrs. M. E. Arnold. During the remainder of the conference year, this church was attached to the California circuit, with preaching monthly by Reverends J. C. Given and F. A. Briggs, alternately. In the spring of 1880, subscription lists were circulated, and money raised to erect a church. For a site, Dr. H. C. Gibson, of Boonville, donated HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 821 an acre, and the building was completed the following autumn. The membership now numbers about twenty, and, besides the ministers above, has been served by Reverends L. M. Phillips, and W. F. Wright, the present pastor. The German Methodist Church, at Boonville, Missouri — Was organized in 1850. Names of original members are : H. Gaus, Helena Gaus, J. H. Reckmeyer, Emilie Reckmeyer, Peter Birkenbeil, EvaM. Birkenbeil, Henry Muhlenbruck, Mina Muhlenbruck, John Otten, Johanna Otten, H. Blum, Theresia Blum, Carl Vollmer, Henriette Kuhl, Maria Hausam. Names of pastors : Reverends A. Klippel, Jacob Feisel, John Hausam, H. Lahrman, William Schreck, C. Stein- ley, P. Hehner, John P. Miller, M. Dewein, H. Muhlenbruck, J. A. Reitz, J. Koelle, George W. Reitz, John Wilhelmi, H. Balke, Ed. Pfaffenberger, Kurt Franz, J. G. Kost. In 1852 the church ( brick) was built; cost $1,200. Sunday school numbers forty. Superintend- ent, C. Wassman. Presbyterian Church at Boonville — On the 27th of August, 1876, Rev. 0. W. Gauss delivered an historical sermon in Boonville, giving a history of the church above named. He said : — " On the 28th of April, 1821, this church was organized under the name of the Franklin church, by the Rev. Edward Hollister, with twenty-three members. The year of its organization is the same year in which Missouri was admitted into the Union as a state. The reason it bore the name of Franklin at the beginning, is that it was situated in Franklin, since known as Old Franklin, to distinguish it from the subsequently built New Franklin. Franklin was then the chief town west of St. Louis, but it was built on the sands, and the floods of the Missouri river have swept it away. As Franklin went down, Boonville, laid out and incorporated in 1817, directly opposite, on the other bank of the river, was built up, and, being founded on a rock, stands to-day, while scarcely a vestige of her predecessor re- mains. It was but natural in this state of things that all business and social interest should tend over to this side, and we find that the church soon moved in the same direction. "In 1825 Rev. Augustus Pomeroy, who taught school in Franklin, preached regularly there and in Boonville. The same was true in Mr. Cochran's ministry, and probably also, at least, in the beginning of Mr. Chamberlain's (W. P. Cochran, Hiram Chamberlain). The fact that there seems to have been these two regular preaching points for the Franklin church, shows that the church was preparing for a complete removal to this side. Consequently, at a meeting of the 822 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. presbytery in this place in 1830, nine years after the organization of the church, one year before the erection of the synod of Missouri, the name of Franklin church was changed to Boonville, and so entered on the roll. " I have not been able to find any list of the names of the twenty- three original members, or of the officers with whom the organization was formed. The earliest list I have is one furnished me by Dr. Thomas Parks from memory, giving me the names of members and elders in 1828 ; these are all absent from us, most of them dead. The session at that time consisted of John Dickson, William C. Porter and Colonel Chambers, clerk of courts of Saline county ; in 1829 the session was increased by the addition to it of Dr. Parks. In the fall of 1836 Dr. Parks left Boonville, and about the same time Mr. Johu Dickson also removed ; previous to this Mr. Porter and Colonel Chambers had died, and so it came about the church was without any elders. It remained in this condition nearly two years from the fall of 1836 to the summer of 1838, when Rev. R. L. McAfee ordained and installed as elders of the church, Josiah Dickson and Joseph N. Laurie. Robert Brent was elected at the same time with these, but was not installed until later. From the year 1838, the time of her re-organization, the ehurch steadily progressed up to the present time, under the almost uniiitermitted ministrations of the Gospel. Rev. W. P. Cochran, of Pennsylvania, succeeded the Rev. Pomeroy in 1827. Rev. Hiram Chamberlain came in 1828, and remained until 1834. There was no settled minister here then until 1840. During this interval there was a Mr. Rennie, a Scotchman, from South Carolina, and Mr. Reynolds, a man of New School principles, each of whom remained here for a short time, preaching for the church. On the 20th of August, 1832 there was a meeting of the citizens of Boonville at the school-house, for the purpose of taking measures to erect a Presbvterian church. At this meeting a board of five commissioners was appointed, consisting of Rev. H. Chamberlain, James Patton, David Adams, A. W. Pollard and Charles H. Smith, whose duty was to devise plans, to select a site and make all necessary arrangements in connection with the erection of a building. On the 23d of April, 1833, the commissioners purchased the lot upon which the building now stands. The building was completed in 1841, at a cost of $4,500. In 1840 Rev. William G. Bell was elected pastor, and installed in May of that year, and resigned the pastorate in October, 1854. He preached the first and last sermon in the old church. Rev. H. M. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 823 Painter succeeded Mr. Bell. He remained until 1862, when he was succeeded by Rev. James Morton as stated supply for three years. In 1867 Rev. B. H. Charles, of Chester, Illinois, filled the pulpitf, and was succeeded by the present pastor, Rev O. W. Gauss, in August, 1875. The present building was erected and finished in 1871-72, at a cost of $12,618.65. It is built of brick, and is the largest Protestant church in the city. New Lebanon Church, C.P. — Is possibly the oldest Cumber- land Presbyterian church in Cooper, having been organized in 1820. The minister officiating upon that occasion was Rev. Finis Ewing, who was the founder of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. It was called "New Lebanon," because a majority of the original members belonged to a church of the same name, in Logan county, Kentucky, whence they had just come. » The names of the constituent members were Robert Kirkpatrick and wife, Thomas Ruby and wife, Alexander Sloan and wife, John Wear and wife, James L. Wear and wife, Hugh Wear and wife, Eobert Allison and wife, John Miller and wife, and Mr. Stone and wife. The first elders were Robert Kirkpatrick, Alexander Sloan, John Miller aud Thomas Ruby. The old log church was built in 1821. The present brick house was erected in 1860. The first temperance society that was formed in Cooper county, held its meet- ings in the old log church in 1824. About the same time, Rev. R. D. Morrow commenced a school in the neighborhood, for the benefit of young preachers. Some of the early and most useful ministers of of the C. P. church, attended that school ; such men as Rev. Robert Sloan, J. B. Morrow, Robert and Henry Renick, David Kirkpatrick, John Linville, J. L. Wear and John Reed. Mount Vernon C.P- Church — In the month of April, 1833, the presbytery of New Lebanon established a church called Mount Vernon in the neighborhood of Pilot Grove, and about one mile southwest. The organizing members were William Houx, John Miller, James Deckard, John Houx, Sr., Frederick Houx, Gideon B. Miller, Benjamin Weedin, Daniel Weedin, Jacob Houx, William Miller, Charlotte Houx, Anne McCutchen, Harriet L. McCutchen, Christina Peckard, Ellen B. Crawford, Regina Houx, Mary Miller, Sr., Mary Miller, Jr., Catherine Weedin, Mary Weedin, Elizabeth and Rachel Weedin, Ann Rennison, Elizabeth H. C. Berry, Margaret Houx. William Houx and John Miller* were the elders. The present elders, 824 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. are Judge J. M. McCutcheon, Dr. William B. Harriman, Abraham Brownfield, and Thomas Brownfield. Amongthe early preachers who officiated in the pulpit of this church were Samuel C. Davidson, Rob- ert Sloan, Archibald McCorkle, "William Kavanaugh and Finis Ewing. The pulpitis not now supplied by any regular minister. Rev. J. T. H. Henderson was the last pastor of this church. The church now numbers thirty members. Highland Church, ' . P. — The Cumberland Presbyterians or- ganized a church at Highland school house, February 20, 1867. The Rev. A. M. Thompson, assisted by Warren Cotnpton and W. D. Ma- han, officiated at the organization. The church was erected in 1870; dedicated February 12, 1883, by Rev. C. W. McBride. It is a frame building and cost $1,600. The original members were John Fluke, Joseph Kuikshire, Wm. E. Clayton, Andrew J. Roberson, Margaret Knikshire, Nancy R. Durnil, Louisa Fluke, Elizabeth Edwards, Mary L. Duncan, Isaac Henry, Frederick Fluke, James D. McFall, James Bankston, Jane Tucker, George Fluke, Frank Guthrie, Dow Vaughan, Sallie Messicks, Julia Fluke, Lavina Clayton, Wm. E. Clayton, Jr., Elizabeth Duncan, Patsey Henry. Present membership, sixty-niue. First pastor, Rev. A. M. Thompson ; present pastor, W. H. Wilson; first deacons, Andrew J. Roberson and John W. Williams ; present deacon, John W. Williams. First clerk, James D. McFall; present clerk, I. M. Tucker. First elders, John Fluke, Wm. E. Clayton and Dow Vaughan; present elders, Wm. E. Clayton, Geo. Fluke, Wm. Rayland and I. M. Tucker. Services once a month. New Salem C. P. Church — This church is located on section 12, township 47 range 16, Prairie Home township. It was organized in 1821, at the residence of Alexander Johnston, by Rev. Robert W.Morrow, who was sent out to the west in 1819, from Kentucky, by the Ladies' Missionary Society. Original members: Alexander Johnston, Joshua Lewis, Mrs. Mary (wife of Alex. Johnston), Mrs. Mary (wife of James Johnston), Robert Johnston and Margaret John- ston (mother of Alexander and Robert Johnston). First church was erected about 1828, on section 16, township 47, range 16 (Clark's Fork) ; a log house. In 1853, a brick house of worship was built on section 12, township47, range 16, which was used till the fall of 1877, when a new brick was built, which cost $2,500, on the same spot of ground. It was dedicated on the second Wednesday in May, 1878, by Dr. Greenville Wood. Present membership, eighty. Present pas- tor, Rev. H. D. Kennedy. Services second and fourth Sundays in each month. Among the first preachers were Rev. Finis Ewing and HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 825 Eev. Robert W. Morrow, who conducted a camp meeting, followed by Eevs. Daniel Weedon and Samuel King, Thomas Ish and John E. Nor- ris. Rev. Finis A. Witherspoon was the first pastor after the first brick house was erected. Oldest members : Jeremiah Smith, Jno. B. Johnston, Wash and John S. Johnston, A. M. and Huston George. In 1853, there was a remarkable revival conducted by Warren Comp- ton and Robert Harris, a Baptist, with sixty conversions. H. H. Misseldine filled the pulpit during the late war. Union Presbyterian Church at Bunceton — Organized in 1860, by Rev. W. G. Bell, of Boonville. The constituent members were Mrs. Mary Phillips, Dr. E. Chilton and wife, John J. Hoge and wife, Isaac Hewitt and wife, Miss M. Hewitt, James Hewitt and Mrs. E. Russell. First elders, John J. Hoge, Isaac Hewitt and Dr. E. Chilton. Cumberland Presbyterian Church — New Zion — Located on section twenty-six, Moniteau township, was organized August 1 1, 1871 , by W. W. Branin. The names of original members were Martha J. Miller, Catherine Lawson, Nancy Hollaway, Harriet J. Hollaway, Joseph Pierce, Margaret A. Thompson, L. C. McDaniel, Henry Bowers, P. P. Lawson, Caroline R. Bovvers, Thomas L. Pierce, Susan J. Wil- liams. The number of present membership is 100. Names of pastors are W. W. Branin, James E. F. Robertson and 0- W. McBride. This church was built in 1879, and is a frame building, erected at a cost of $800. Number of scholars in Sabbath school is fifty ; superintended by H. B. Sappington. The Sabbath school is sustained only during the summer months. Lone Elm Christian Church. — In 1842, the above church was organized at a school house, now known as Bell Air. The original members were George W. Baker and Harriet P., his wife, Peter and Elizabeth Poindexter, Rice and Elizabeth Daniel, Benjamin R. and Lucy Waller, and Mary A. Poindexter. The first ministers were Nelson Davis and Allen Wright ; the elders were Geonre W. Baker and Peter Poindexter. Mr. Baker, from whom we obtained this information, says that Lone Elm church was the first organized south of the Missouri river. Church at Lamine. — About the year 1843, there was an organi- zation of the Christian church at Lamine, but owing to deaths and removals the organization was discontinued a few years afterwards. The present church at Lamine was established August 7, 18.65, by Elder P. Douan, with the following white members : Samuel R. C<>1- Hus, Sarah L." Collins, Wm. B. Collins, J.P.Collins, Marietta M. 826 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Collins, Drusilla E. Thomas, Susan Biddle, Melinda E. Kincaid, Mary F. Tyler, Catherine Wing, Freeman Wing, Julia A. Turley, Ellen Pope, Josephine Wall, J. P. Wall, Moses Napier, Mary J. Mello, Nancy Reed, Elizabeth Coui'tney, George W. Kincaid, Francis M. Kincaid, Eichard F. Kincaid, A. L. Kincaid, John B. Baker, Martha J. Baker, Theodore Turley, James O'Howell, Thomas Mello, Thomas Staples, C. F. Younger, F. Harris, Lucy C. Hieuclehen, Pamelia Williams. There were eighteen colored people who came into the church at the same time ; their names we did not succeed in getting. These (the eighteen) soon after organized a church of their own. Elders Donan and O. P. Davis were the first preachers. The present membership is eighty. Second Lone Elm Christian Church — The organization of this church occurred September 27, 1854. The organizing members were James R.Daniel, Rice Daniel,' David Parish, Robert Seaton, John Seaton, Henry Knaus, J. G. Taliaferro, Joan Daniel, E. R. Daniel, Jeannette Seaton, Lucy H. Walker, Balinda Poindexter, Joan Seaton, Mary L. Wilson, Eliza A. Baker, J. H. Baker, L. A. Taliaferro, M. A. Taliaferro, Lucy A. Baker, Martha A. Knaus, Elizabeth Poindexter, Maria L. Keely. The first minister was O. P. Davis. Present membership, ninety-five. Christian Church — The congregation of disciples of Christ, wor- shipping at Walnut Grove, Cooper county, Missouri, was organized by Elder O. P. Davis on the first Lord's day in December, 1862, with the following members, viz. : Lewis D. Reavis, Henry York, Eli P. Adams, Sarah J. Adams, Matilda Cary, Samuel R. Davis, O. P. Davis, Eliza J. Hawkins, Martha A. Davis, Mary F. Logan, Margaret A. Davis, Mary York, Caroline York, Isabella Clawson, Sarah Parmer and James Eldredge. This congregation iucreased in numbers rap- idly until it numbered at one time something Over 150 members, but owing to removals, deaths, and other causes, it now numbers only thirty-four members. St. Peter'' s German Evangelical Church — Is located on'section 9, township 47, range 15, in Prairie Home township. The church was organized in 1848 by Rev. Charles Hofneoister. The constituent members were Jacob Schilb, Sr., and wife, Gadfried Kenepfer and wife, — Becker and wife, George Knorp and wife, F. W. Schenkand wife, Henry Mayer and wife, Andreas Spieler and wife, Godfrey Spieler and wife, Thetobald Miller and wife, David Huth and wife, Peter Diehl, Sr., and wife, Jacob Shilb, Jr., and wife, Ernest Kirsch- man and wife and Henry Webber and wife. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 827 The old church edifice was erected in 1849. The new building was built in 1872 at a cost of $900. The interest in the church about the year 1875 flagged, and in January, 1877, the church was reorgan ized, and incorporated in 1879. David Schilb, Adam Schilb, Sr., Jacob Schilb, Frederick Schilb, David Schilb, Jr., Adam Schilb, Jr., Adam Andreas, Wendell Graff, Otto Speiler, Jacob and John Plank, Charles and Ernest Kirschman, John G. Speiler, Jacob Warmbrodt, Rudolph Segesser, Gustave Hefferburg, and the wives of the above, with the exception of Charles Kirschman and Gustave Hefferburg, con- stituted the organization. Jacob Schilb, Jr., John Plank and Ernest Kirschman are the elders. F. Woelfle was the last pastor. The German Evangelical Congregation in Boonville, Missouri — Organized in August, 1853, with the following members : George Vol- brath, J. H. Boiler, William Haas, St. Weber, Paul Stegner, Philip Back, William Gemmer, Peter Back, Jacob Seibel, L. N. Schmidt, Otto Koehnke, Adam Stegner, J. G. Blumenroedher, Ernest Stegner, George Debusmann, Gottfried Back, Jacob Thauer, J. E. Hollander, David Bau, Sophia Hain, Frederica Reinhart, Erk. Hirlinger, Jacob Neef, George Goller, L. Holzmueller, Adam Saudrock, Fred. Metz, J. Mittameyer, Philip Stahl, J. F. Fickel, J. Lotz. George Vollrath, J. H. Holler, St. Wheeler and William Haas were the first trustees and Rev. John Wettle was the first pastor. In 1854 the present house of worship was built, which was mainly due to the liberality and en- ergy of George Vollrath. In 1857 the congregation erected a school house for a parochial school, and in 1879 a parsonage. Rev. C. L. Greiuer, J. Lange and E. Schneider have each served the church suc- cessively as pastors until the present pastor, Rev. L. Kohlman. Lutheran Emanuel Church — Is located on section 34, township 48, range 15, Prairie Home township, and was organized about the year 1855 by Rev. August Lange, Henry Meyer, Frederick Stock, Jacob Edes, G. Knorp, Henry Meyer, John Kempfer, Dietrich Molan, John Snauch, Christine Hecherman and Ludwig Mentz. House erected in 1855. The church owns four acres of land and a parsonage. Pres- ent pastor, Adolph Clos ; present membership, twenty-two; value of church property, $1,000. The German Evangelical Lutheran Church — Located on section 8, of Clark's Fork township, of Cooper county, Missouri, was organ- ized partially in 1860 or 1861. Original members': Peter Muutzel, Albert Muntzel, Daniel Muutzel, John King, Fred Frieke, John A. Schmidt, Nicholas Schmidt, Leonard Schmidt, David Rauh, Wm. Kahle, Henry Lankop, Ferdinand Lankop, Wm. Lankop, Christian Brandis, Sr., Lewis Lebbing, Marimus Longers, Henry Kaune, 828 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Sophia Fredmeyer, Christian Fredmeyer, Henry Fredmeyer, Ferdi- nand Ohlendorf, Peter Norenberg, James Martinson, Jacob King, Otto Smolfield, Berhard Vieth, Charles Brandis, Peter Wehmeier. Number of present members — heads of families, fifty-two. First pastor, Kev. Henry Joengel, since which time there have been five or six others, names not given. The church was built in the spring of 1867, by the original members, at a cost of $2,500, three acres being donated by Fred. Frieke. In September, of 1883, they will open a school headed by a competent teacher. Christ's Episcopal Church — The date of the organization of this church at Boonville, is not definitely known. We made every effort to ascertain the fact in reference thereto, and have arrived at the conclu- sion, after several interviews with some of the oldest living members of the church, that it was organized about the year 1835. The church edifice was erected about the year 1844, at which time the Rev. Almond David Corbyn, became the rector. It is known that Rev. F. F. Peak held services about the year 1839. Who preceded him, is not known. He may have been the pioneer preacher of that church in Boonville. Among the constituent members were Dr. E. E. Buckner and wife, Richard Thompson and wife, Mrs. Tompkins and C. B. Powell and wife. Catholic Churches — The Catholics commenced the erection of a church edifice at Boonville, in 1859. The building cost about $10,000 ; with the addition which is being now built, together with parsonage and school building, the probable cost will approximate $25,000. The first pastor was Father George Turk, who came in 1851, and preached, and administered the sacrament of baptism. He was succeeded by Joseph Meister, Bernard Hiller, Henry Muers and John A. Hoffman — Father Hoffman coming from St. Louis, in April, 1875. The church has a membership of about one hundred families. There is a school in connection with the church, which has an average of one hundred pupils and three teachers. There is a Catholic church in Clear Creek township ; the old building was a frame one ; a brick is beiug put up at this time (1883). The pastor in charge, is John Conrad, O. S. B. There is also a church in Pilot Grove township, at a place called Martinsville. Father Conrad, above named, preaches here. The Catholics have a church edifice — brick — in Moniteau town- ship. Father J. M. Duggan, is the pastor. The churches in Clear Creek and Pilot Grove townships, have each about fifty families, and the last named, twenty-five families. CHAPTER XXII. OFFICIAL RECOED. CIRCUIT JUDGES OF COOPER COUNTY. Complete list of all the county officers who have served from the organization of the county to the present time, with date of election and appointment and date of retiring from office : — David Todd, March 1, 1869, January, 1837; William Scott, January, 1837, August, 1841 ; James W. Morrow, August 14, 1841, August, 1851 ; George W. Miller, August, 1851, January 1, 1869 ; T. M. Rice, January 1, 1869, January 1, 1875 ; George W. Miller, January 1, 1875, January 1, 1881 ; E. L. Edwards, April, 1879, Jan- uary 1, 1886. STATE SENATORS from the district of Missouri in which Cooper county is situated, with the year of election : — 1820, Cooper and Clark; 1824, George Crawford; 1828, John Miller; 1832, John Miller; 1836, David Jones; 1840, Reuben A. Ewing; 1844, Jordan O' Bryan ; 1848, David Jones; 1852, Wm. Dunlap; 1856, James B. Harris; 1860, Thomas Monroe; 1862, Frank W. Hickox ; 1866, George W. Boardman ; 1869, M. McMillen, to fill vacancy ; 1870, John Pappin ; 1873, S. S. Abney, to fill vacancy; 1874, S. S. Abney; 1879, Jas. A. Walker; 1882, John T. Heard, present incumbent. NAMES OF REPRESENTATIVES, with the year of their election : — 1820, Thomas Rogers, Thomas Smiley and William Lillard ; 1822, B. F. Hickox, Jordan O'Bryan and A. K. Langon ; 1824, B. F. Hickox and G. W. Wright ; 1826, M. Dunn and Jordan O'Bryan ; 1828, A. Kavanaugh and D. Jones ; 1830, A. Kavanaugh and D. Jones; 1832, D. Jones and Joseph S. Anderson; 1834, D. Jones and Jordan O'Bryan ; 1836, William Calvert and John H. Hutchi- son; 1838, John Miller, B. F. Hickox and L. Hall ; 1840, J. O'Bryan, John G. Miller andL. C. Stephens ; 1842, William Shields and John 54 (829) 830 HrSTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. G. Miller; 1844, A. S. Walker and A. K. Langou; 1846, Thornton P.Bell; 1848, Benjamin Tompkins and David Jones; 1850, L. C. Stephens and Benjamin Tompkins ; 1852, A. K. Langon and Benja- min Tompkins ; 1854, Eobert C. Harrison and W. C. Ewing ; 1856, John M. McCutchen and Robert C. Harrison ; 1858, A. J. Barnes and Reuben A. Ewing ; 1860, G. G. Vest and A. S. Walker ; 1862, W. G. Wear and Harvey Bunce ; 1864, Henry Elliott and Alfred Mathews; 1866, J. A. Eppstein and D. K. Steele; 1868, Daniel Clark and D. K. Steele ; 1870, M. McMillan and D. K. Steele ; 1872, Daniel Hunt ; 1874, J. G. Roberts ; 1876, Benjamin Tompkins ; 1878, William C. Ewing; 1880, Thomas C. Cranmer, term expires 1884. CIRCUIT CLERKS OF COOPER COUNTY, with names, date of election or appointment and date of retiring from office : — Robert P. Clark, March 1, 1819, November, 1841 ; Bennett C. Clark, November, 1841, September, 1853; Benjamin Tompkins, Sep- tember, 1853, January, 1860; Justinian Williams, January I860, Jan- uary, 1867; W. W. Taliaferro, January, 1867, January, 1875; Horace A. Hutchison, January, 1875, term expired January, 1879 ; J. E. Taliaferro, January, 1883, term expires January 1, 1887. COUNTY CLERKS OF COOPER COUNTY, with names, date of election or appointment and date of retiring from office : — Robert P. Clark, January 8, 1821, January 8, 1836 ; Samuel S. Kofield, January 1, 1836, August 1, 1837; Benjamin Emmons Ferry, August 8, .1837, January 8, 1854; Henry C. Levens, January 1, 1854, January 3, 1875; Jackson Monroe, January 3, 1875, term expired January 1, 1883; E. B. Bunce, January 1, 1883, term ex- pires January 1, 1887. SHERIFFS OF COOPER COUNTY, with the date of election or appointment, and date of retiring from office : — William McFarland, March 1, 1819, July 24, 1819 ; William H. Curtis, July 24, 1819, July 22, 1822 ; James L. Collins, July 24, 1822, November 24,1822; Sylvester Hall, November 24, 1822, July 26, 1824 ; Marcus Williams, July 26, 1824, August, 1826 ; William H. Anderson, August 1826, August, 1828 ; Joseph S. Anderson, August, 1828, August, 1832 ; John H. Hutchison, August, 1832, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 831 August, 1836 ; Joel E.Woodward, August, 1836, August, 1838 ; James Hill, August, 1838, August, 1842 ; Isaac Lionberger, August, 1842, August, 1846; James Hill, August, 1846, August, 1850; Harvey Bunce, August, 1850, August, 1854 ; B. E. Ferry, August, 1854, ■ August, 1858 ; Harvey Bunce, August, 1858, November 5, 1861 ; C. B. Coombs, December 1, 1862, January 6, 1863 ; A. J. Barnes, Jan- uary 6, 1863, September 5, 1864 ; William J. Woolery, January 11, 1865, May 2, 1865; Thomas E. Rochester, May 1, 1865, June 23, 1870 ; R. B. Newman, July 1, 1870, November, 2, 1872 ; F. A. Rogers, November, 1872, November, 1874 ; F. A. Rogers, November, 1874, November, 1876 ; T. Leslie Smith, February, 1878, November, 1878 ; Robert McCulloch, November, 1878, December, 1880; John F. Rogers, December, 1880, term expires December, 1884. COUNTY COLLECTORS OF COOPER COUNTY, with the date of election or appointment, and date of retiring from office : — Andrew Briscoe, April 11, 1821, February 19, 1822; John C. Rochester, February 9, 1822, February 18, 1824 ; William H. Ander- son, February 18, 1824, August 2, 1826 ; David P. Mahan, August 2, 1826, June 11, 1829 ; Joseph S. Anderson, June 11, 1829, Febru- ary 6, 1832 ; Martin Jennings, February 6, 1832, February 11, 1833 ; John H. Hutchison, February 11, 1833, August 14, 1836; J. E. Woodward, August 14, 1836, August 9, 1838 ; James Hill, August, 9, 1838, August, 1842 ; Isaac Lionberger, August, 1842, August, 1846 ; James Hill, August, 1846, August, 1850 ; Harvey Bunce, August, 1850, August, 1854; B. E. Ferry, August, 1854, August, 1858; Harvey Bunce, August, 1858, November 5, 1861 ; C. B. Coombs, December 1, 1862, January 6, 1863 ; A. J. Barnes, January 6, 1863, September 5, 1864; William J. Woolery, January 11, 1865, May 2, 1865 ; Thomas E. Rochester, May 2, 1865, June 23, 1870; R. B. Newman, July 1, 1870, ; Robert McCulloch, November 3, 1872, February 3, 1875; Robert McCulloch, November, 1874, February, 1877; Henry M. Clark, March, 1879, March, 1883; JohnD. Starke, March, 1883, term expires March, 1885. JUSTICES OF THE COUNTY COURT OF COOPER COUNTY, with date of election or appointment, and date of retiring from office : — A. S. Walker, November 21, 1842, May 16, 1844; Lawrence C. Stephens, August 5, 1844, September 24, 1844 ; Benjamin F. Hickox, 832 HISTOEY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. September 24, 1844, November 2, 1846 ; John H. Hutchison, April 14, 1845, August7, 1848 ; John S.McFarland, November 2, 1846, November 4, 1850 ; Kobert Stuart, August 3, 1847, February 19, 1850 ; Philip A. Tutt, September 13, 1848, November 4, 1850 ; Jeremiah Rice, April 5, 1850, August 28, 1854; Ignatius Hazell, November 4, 1850, August 16, 1858 ; William B. Butler, November 4, 1850, August 28, 1854; Thomas L., Williams, August 28, 1854, August 16, 1858; Leonard Calvert, August 28, 1854, February 16, 1856; Jesse Odgen, May 5, 1856, August 16, 1858 ; Bennett C. Clark, August 16, 1858, February 3, 1862 ; Isaac Lionberger, August 16, 1858, February 3, 1862 ; James H. Baker, August 16, 1858, November 2, 1866 ; Wil- liam E. Baird, April 7, 1862, December 19, 1862; John A. Trigg, June 2, 1862, November 6, 1864; Wm. J. Woolery, December 19, 1862, December 19, 1864; C. W. Sombart, December 19, 1862, November 27, 1866 ; Jesse G. Newman, December 16, 1862, November 30, 1868 ; Jacob Baughman, November 27, 1866, December 16, 1872; Jacob Feland, November 27, 1866, December 5, 1870; Constantiue Heim, November 30, 1868, December 14, 1874 ; James Bruffee, January 8, 1821, January 10, 1822 ; Archibald Kavanaugh, January 8, 1821, August 16, 1824 ; James Miller, January 8, 1821, ,May 2, 1825 ; James D. Campbell, January 10, 1822, February 6, 1826 ; Robert F. Howe, August 16, 1824, May 6, 1825 ; John Briscoe, May 2, 1825, February 6, 1826 ; Charles Woods, May 2, 1825, Feb- ruary 6, 1826; Thomas McMahan, May 2, 1825, February 6, 1825; Joseph Byler, May 2, 1825, February 6, 1826 ; James L. Collins, February 6, 1826, May 7, 1827 ; Green Seat, February 6, 1826, May 7, 1827 ; David Jones, February 6, 1826, May 7, 1827 ; Samuel Tur- ley, February 6, 1826, May 7, 1827 ; William Bryant, February 6, 1826, May 7, 1827; John Briscoe, May 7, 1827, May 17, 1832 ; Marcus Williams, May 7, 1827, June 17, 1830 ; Joseph Byler, May 7, 1827, August3, 1829; Rice Hughes, August 3, 1829, May 2, 1831; Robert Hood, June 17, 18S0, May 2, 1831 ; Anthony F. Reed, May 2, 1831, September 8, 1834 ; Green Seat, May 2, 1831, September 8, 1834; Joseph Patterson, November 6, 1832, August, 1836; George W. Weight, September 8, 1834, November 21, 1842; John Briscoe, September 8, 1834, November 21, 1842 ; C. H. Smith, February 7, 1837, June 5, 1847 ; A. H. Neal, November 21, 1842, September 24, 1844. James H. Walker, November, 1870, November, 1876 ; John M. McCutchen, November, 1872, November, 1878 ; Robert A. Mc- Culloch, November, 1874, November, 1880; A.B.Cole, presiding judge at large, elected November, 1878; term expired January 1, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 833 1883. Jacob Crone, eastern district, elected January 1, 1879 ; term expired January 1, 1881. N. W. Williams, western district, elected January 1, 1879; term expired January 1, 1881. J. D. Starke, elected January 1, 1881; term expired January 1, 1883. W. P. McMahan, elected January 1, 1881, from western district ; term ex- pired January 1, 1883. W. P. McMahan, presiding judge, elected January 1, 1883; term expires January 1, 1887. James M. Camp- bell, eastern district, elected Jauuary 1, 1883 ; term expires January 1, 1885. John J. Hoge, western district, elected January 1, 1883; term expires January 1, 1885. COUNTY ASSESSORS OF COOPER COUNTY with date of election or appointment and date of retiring from office. Geo. Crawford, for county, April 9, 1821, February 20, 1822; J. Dixon, Boonville township, February 20, 1822, February 19, 1823 ; J. Briscoe, Clear Creek, February 20, 1822, February 19, 1823 ; S. D. Keavis, Moniteau, February 20, 1822, February 19, 1823 ; L. Cropper, Saline township, February 20, 1822, February 19, 1823 ; John C. Rochester, February 19, 1823, February 18, 1824; William Allison, February 18,1824, February 22, 1825; Lawrence Hall, February 22, 1825, February 6, 1826 ; Joseph B. Steele, February 6, 1826, February 6, 1828 ; Joseph Patterson, February 6, 1828, February 9, 1832; Howard Chism, February 9, 1832, February 6, 1833; George Crawford, February 6, 1833, February 6, 1835 ; A. S. Walker, February 6, 1835, February 6, 1836; W. H. Anderson, February 6, 1836, February, 1837; John Ogden, February 6, 1837, February, 1838 ; Thomas L. O'Bryan, August, 1838, August, 1840 ; William R. Butler, August, 1840, August, 1841 ; George Crawford, August, 1841, August, 1846 ; A. H. Roads, August, 1846, August, 1848; Harvey Bunce, August, 1848, August, 1850; George Craw- ford, August, 1850, August, 1851 ; James Hill, August, 1851, August, 1852 ; Robert H. Turner, August, 1852, February 16, 1853; Thomas McCulloch, February 16, 1853, December 22, 1853 ; Josiah E. Eubank, December 22, 1853, December 8, 1856 ; .Tames T. Mc- Culloch, December 8, 1856, January 5, 1858 ; Joseph C. Koontz, January 5, 1858, February 6, 1860 ; Thomas E. Rochester, January 5, 1858, February 6, 1860 ; Jesse McFarland, Jauuary 5, 1858, Feb- ruary 6, 1860 ; R. B. Stoneman, February 1, 1858, January 3, 1859 ; James L. Bell, January 5, 1858, January 3, 1859 ; N. T. Allison, January 5, 1858, February 6, 1860 ; D. R. Drake, January 3, 1859, February 6, 1860 ; J. E. Eubank, January 3, 1859 , February 6, 834 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1860 ; B. R. Waller, February 6, 1860, August, 1860 ; Thomas E. Rochester, August, 1860, October 6, 1862 ; D. A. Melvin, October 6, 1862, February 21, 1865 ; Thomas E. Rochester, February 21, 1865, May 1, 1865 ; M. F. Kemp, May 3, 1865, September 4, 1865 ; R. B. Newman,' September 4, 1865, July 1, 1870; R. W. Whitlow, July 2, 1870, January 1, 1873 ; J. H. Orr, January 1, 1873, January 1, 1875 ; James F. Adams, January 1, 1875, term expired January 1, 1877 ; H. D. Carlos, January 1, 1877, term expired January, 1882; Albert Hornbeck, January 1, 1882, term expires January 1, 1885. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATORS. Date of election or appointment and da-te of expiration : — John M. McCutchen, January 6, 1848, May 4, 1857; H. A. Hutchison, May 4, 1857, February 13, 1860; Elisha N. Warfield, February 13, 1860, October 18, 1862; Harvey Bunce, October, 1862, November 20, 1872; Viet Eppstein, November 20, 1872, elected four years, term expired November, 1876; Wm. R. Baker, November 1, 1876, term expired 1880 ; Viet Eppstein, November 1, 1880, term expires 1884. COUNTY SURVEYORS OF COOPER COUNTY, with the time of entering office, and time of retiring from office : — William Ross, March 1, 1819, 2, 1829 ; Baxter M. Ewing, July 9, 1821, February 22, 1822; John Dixon, February 22, 1822, September 11, 1833 ; George T. Boyd, September 12, 1833, February 3, 1836 ; George W. Weight, February 3, 1836, August 3, 1843 ; P. A. Tutt, August 3, 1843, November 8, 1859 ; C. H. Allison, Novem- ber 8, 1859, December 8, 1868 ; Charles Atkinson, December 1, 1861, December 18, 1872 ; W. W. Trent, December 8, 1872, Decem- ber, 1874 ; W. W. Trent, December, 1874, December, 1878 ; J. A. Waller, December, 1878, term expires December, 1886. COUNTY TREASURERS, with the time of entering office, and date of retiring from office : — Robert P. Clark, January 8, 1821, January 4, 1833; Jacob Wyan, June 4, 1833, February 17, 1842; C. D. W. Johnson, Feb- ruary 17, 1842, August 10, 1853 ; William P. Speed, August 12, 1853, August 10, 1856 ; James Thomson, August 11, 1856, December 19, 1862 ; William P. Speed, December 19, 1862, July, 1863 ; H. E. W. McDearmon, August 3, 1863, February 7, 1865 ; Christian Keill, /■ /■ /■ / HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 835 February 10, 1865, January 5, 1870; William E. Baird,* January 5, 1870, November 15, 1870 ; C. Keill, November 15, 1870, November 14, 1872; James Thomson, November 14, 1872, November 7, 1874; James Thomson, November 7, 1874, November, 1880 ; George B. Harper, November 8, 1880, term expires 1885. COUNTY ATTORNEYS OF COOPER COUNTY, with the date of election or appointment, and date of retiring from office : — William S. Brickey, March 3, 1819, June 26, 1840 ; James Win- ston, June 26, 1840, May 9, 1851 ; J. L. Stephens, May 9, 1851, July 25, 1864 ; William Douglas, July 25, 1864, May 30, 1865 ; John Trigg, appointed pro tem., during term circuit court; D. W. Wear, June 5, 1865, November 10, 1866 ; D. A. Milan, November 28, 1866, January 1, 1873 ; John Cosgrove, January 1, 1873, January 1, 1875 ; James H. Johnston, January 1, 1875, January 1, 1877; John R. Walker, January 1, 1881, January 1, 1883; D. W. Shackelford, January 1, 1883, term expires January 1, 1885. There was, we think, a small space of time (a few years), during which time William D. Muir acted as county attorney for Cooper county, ex-offi,cio, he being at that time state circuit attorney for this district of Missouri ; but the records of the county do not show the facts. * William E. Baird was appointed county treasurer in the place of Christian Keill, on account of his being rendered unfit to discharge the duties of his office by what afterwards proved to be temporary insanity. But in the suit which Keill brought after his recovery, for his salary as county treasurer, while the office was occupied by Baird, the supreme court decided that the office was illegally held by Baird, because Keill had not been declared insane by the proper tribunal. CHAPTEE XXIII. THE FIEST CELEBRATION OF THE FOUETH OF JULY IN THE COUNTY. Ou the 4th day of July, 1820, the first celebration within the county of Cooper of the anniversary of the declaration of the na- tional independence took place at Boonville, which then consisted of but a few houses. For some time notice had been circulated among the settlers all over this portion of the state, and on the morning of that day great crowds gathered " from near and from far" to take part in this, to them, great day of thanksgiving; for, at that time in the nation's history, the declaration of independence and individual right meant something besides empty words. The oration of the day was delivered by Benjamin F. Hickox, father of Truman V. Hickox. The feast, of which all were specially invited to partake, was spread on the grass and ground north and northeast of the court- house. Such was the crowd present that the table spread for them reached from the vacant lot north of the court-house to the large, mound still standing in the front yard of Mrs. Jesse Homan. James Bruffee, a blacksmith, then living in Boonville, made a large wrought iron cannon, with which they fired the salutes in honor of the day. The> festivities continued through the day and the following night. After the speaking and the reading of the declaration of in- dependence had been concluded, the people separated into groups — the young ones to dance and to play different games, and the old ones to watch the pleasant sports of the children and to talk over the current gossip of the day, for it was very seldom that they ever met in a large crowd. This day is still remembered with pleasure by the old settlers, for many of them, on that day, met for the last time their friends, who lived at a distance, and who soon became separated from them and died without ever seeing them again. (836) HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 837 THE CELEBRATION OF THE FOURTH IN 1876. Fifty-six years after the first celebration of the Fourth of July in Cooper county, occurred the centennial, or 100th anniver- sary of our national independence. That was a day in the history of the county long to be remembered, especially by those who partici- pated in the festivities of that occasion. The celebration at Boon- ville commenced on the evening of the 3d of July, with the firing of cannons, a grand illumination of the principal streets, and a lengthy torchlight procession. Main street was in a perfect blaze of light, with gas jets, candles and lanterns, and every business house was decorated with flags and banners having appropriate mottoes ; in fact, with hardly an exception, the people participated in the grand dis- play. The streets were crowded with people during the whole of the evening, and it was frequently remarked : " Where did so many people come from?" A great many attended from different parts of this and surrounding counties, Howard county being especially well represented in the procession. The procession was considered a great success — even beyond the most sanguine expectations of the com- mittee of arrangements. It could, perhaps, be here remarked that the celebration at Boon- ville of the " nation's birthday " was not, in proportion to its popu- lation, excelled in any respect by that of any other city or town in the United States. The property holders and occupiers seemed to strive with one another as to whose premises should make the best appear- ance, both in the illumination and the display of flags, lanterns, etc. The citizens were very quiet, and made no boast of what they intended to do, but when the signal was given for " lighting up," they aston- ished everybody else, and even themselves. On the evening of the 3d the procession was formed by Judge T. M. Eice, chief marshal, with Colonel Robert McCulloch and Captain George Meller, assistant marshals. In front was a large wagon, con- taining thirteen young ladies, who represented the thirteen original states of the union. Then followed twelve men dressed in Continental uniform, who represented Washington, Jefferson, Lafayette, John Adams, Alexander Hamilton and others, among the most prominent men who took part in the Revolutionary struggle. Then came men bearing flags and torches, in all forming a procession more than one- half of a mile long. Twelve men on horseback, dressed in Indian cos- tume, rode several times pell-mell through the streets, yelling and giving the Indian warwhoop. This was a ludicrous, attractive and 838 HISTOEY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. prominent feature of the procession. Three bands of music marched at different places in the procession : the Boonville silver cornet, the Clark's Fork and the Pilot Grove bands. After the procession had marched and counter-marched through the principal streets of the town, it halted at Thespian hall, where the assembled multitude was entertained by an address prepared for the occasion and delivered by Mr. Malcolm McMillan, of Boonville ; and last, as the closing exercise of this the first day of the great celebration, the crowd witnessed some of the best tableaux ever seen in Boonville, the principal characters of which were the young ladies who represented the thirteen states. It was past eleven o'clock before the exercises of the evening were con- cluded, and the people dispersed to seek rest, to prepare for the duties and the pleasures of the following day, for the greatest effort had been expended to make that the " crowning glory " of the celebration. The morning of the Fourth was dark and gloomy; rain fell in torrents, and the heavy boom of the " artillery of heaven," drowned that of the " feeble sons of earth." But this day had been set aside by the people for enjoyment, and early, crowds of people thronged the principal thoroughfares of the town, seeking the place where the closing, exercises of the celebration were to take place. At four o'clock in the morning all the bells in the city were rung, and thirty- eight shots were fired by the cannon, one for each of the states of the Union. As the morning was very disagreeable, although the rain had ceased falling about eight o'clock, the procession was not formed until about eleven o'clock, when it proceeded to Lilly's grove, about one- half of a mile east of Boonville, there to listen to the reading of the Declaration of Independence, and to the speeches and addresses pre- pared for the occasion. After an appropriate prayer by Rev. Mr. Curtis, of the Episco- pal church at Boonville, the Declaration of Independence was read by Professor J. P. Metzger. He was followed by Colonel H. A.Hutchi- son, who read an excellent and appropriate poem, written expressly for the occasion, and which will be found in full at the close of this chapter. Colonel William Preston Johnson, of Virginia, was then intro- duced, and delivered a most eloquent speech, which was received with loud cheers by the assembled crowd. Then Mr. G. Reiche delivered an address in German. He was iollowed by Mr. John Cosgrove, who delivered the oration of the day. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 839 After this, Mr. N. M. Drake read a sketch of the history of Cooper county, which had been prepared for the occasion in accord- ance with the request of the committee of arrangements. At the close of each of the Ubove exercises, an appropriate chorus was sung by a choir composed of one hundred voices. Also, frequently during the afternoon, the boom of the cannon was heard, seeming- ly to remind the forgetful portion of the citizens that indeed they were celebrating the " Centennial Fourth." On the night of the Fourth the citizens were called together to witness the display of fireworks, which had been prepared at great expense. At ten o'clock the last " bouquet of flowers " was fired into the air, and the heavy boom of the cannon notified the assembled multitude that the great celebration of the Fourth day of July was over, and the people retired to their homes, satisfied with the success of their endeavors to make memorable the birthday of three millions of " Sons of Liberty." JULY fourth, 1876. BY H. a. HUTCHISON. The goddess of liberty, sent from above, On mission of mercy, on errand of love, Rejected of empire, discarded by throne, Through kingdoms and monarchies wandered alone, Till taking her flight to a land o'er the sea, She found there a people who sighed to be free. She breathed on the hearts of our patriot sires, And kindled within them those burning desires Which ne'er would be quenched or would slumber again, Until the fair goddess triumphant would reign. Sustaining the weak and inflaming the cold, She strengthened the doubtful and cheered on the bold, And giving our banner the stripe and the star, She bade them go forth in her service to war. The mother and sister, and fond-hearted wife, Restrained not their dear one from joining the strife; The maiden, suppressing a sorrowful sigh, Her lover sent forth with a " cheerful good bye," And though they were few and their enemies strong, Yet striking for freedom, and maddened by wrong, They struggled and suffered thro' dark weary years Of want and privation, of hopes and of fears, Till tyranny fled and oppression was past, And victory perched on our banner at last. 840 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. That banner unfurled to the sun and the breeze; As proudly It floats o'er the land and the seas, The beautiful emblem of freedom and right, To-day we will hail with a shout of delight! And let the grim cannon be brought forth once more Not death from its red month in anger to pour, But only to blend the deep tones of its voice With shouts of the people who meet to rejoice O'er this the return of the glorious day, On which, just a century now passed away, Our patriot fathers proclaimed them prepared To die, or sustain Independence declared! From England and Scotia and Erin so fair, From Germany's shore, from the Alps bold and bare, From sunny Italia and beautiful France, From Spain whose fair daughters win hearts with a glance, From regions of snow and from tropical isle, Where summer time reigns with perpetual smile, Our country's adopted, from all o'er the earth, To-day will rejoice with her children by birth; And though they oft dream of the fatherland yet, Sometimes it may be with a sigh of regret, Beneath our proud flag to the breezes unfurled, They'd stand by our country against the whole world! Tho' memory brings up, in dreadful review, The armies of gray and the legions of blue, The heroes who once met in hostile array, Will mingle together as brothers to-day ; And if the invader should come to our shore, I know they would rush to the battle once more, Each veteran's heart to our whole country true, Though one wore the gray and another the blue ! Now let the wild tones of the jubilant bells, Be mingled with music, as sweetly it swells ! And may the soft winds, as they wander afar, Breathe gently to-day, on each stripe and each star, And bear the glad tidings all over our lands, There's union of hearts, there is joining of hands, In north and in south, in the west and the east, Where gather the people, at church or at feast, On liberty's altar their garlands to cast, And cover with roses the thorns of the past. May heaven protect, as in days that are gone, The old ship of state riding gallantly on, And be we united, whatever befall — Our country! Our country! the watchword of all,. CHAPTEE XXIY. CONCLUSION— COOPEE COUNTY OF 1883. " With superior boon, may your rich soil Exuberant nature's better blessings pour O'er every land, the naked nations clothe, And be the exhaustless granery of the world." A splendid country, with a great destiny is this beautiful central Missouri, whose fortunate location, charming landscape, equable clim- ate, versatile and generous soils, fruitful orchards and vineyards, matchless grasses, broad grain fields, rich coal measures, noble forests, abundant waters and cheap lands present to the capitalist and immi- grant one of the most inviting fields for investment and settlement to be found between the two oceaus. During the unexampled western migratory movement of the last six years, which has peopled Kansas, Colorado, Nebraska and other regions with an intelligent and enter- prising population, this remarkably rich and productive country has, until recently, remained a terra incognita to the average immigrant, the new states above named getting accessions of brain, heart, muscle, experience and capital that have given them a commanding position iu the union. And yet it cannot be denied that Missouri offers to in- telligent, enterprising and ambitious men of fair capital, more of the elements of substantial and enjoyable living than any country now open to settlement. In one of the fairest and most fertile districts of • this division of Missouri are Howard and Cooper counties. Cooper county is admirably located within the productive middle belt of the continent, a strip of country not exceeding 450 miles wide, lying be- tween the latitudes of Minneapolis and Richmond, reaching from ocean to ocean, and within which will be found every great commercial, financial and railway city, ninety per cent of the manufacturing indus- tries, the great dairy and fruit interests, the strongest agriculture, the densest, strongest and most cosmopolitan population, all the great universities, the most advanced school systems and the highest aver- age of health known to the continent. Scarcely less significant is the location of this county in the more wealthy and productive portions of the great central state of the union, which, by virtue of its position (841) 842 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. and splendid aggregation of resource, is bound to the commercial, political and material life of the country by the strongest ties, and must forever feel the quickening of its best energies from every throb of the national heart. Cooper county is in the right latitude, which is a matter of pri- mary interest to the immigrant. Lying squarely in the path of empire and trans-continental travel, in the latitude of Washington and Cincinnati, it has the climatic influence that has given to Northern Kentucky and North Virginia an enviable reputation for equable tem- perature. The climate is a benediction. A mean altitude of eight hundred and fifty feet above the tides gives tone and rarity to the atmosphere, and the equable mean of temperature. Most of the typical short winter is mild, dry, and genial enough to pass for a Minnesota Indian summer. The snow-fall is generally light, infrequent and tran- sient. The long genial summer days are tempered by inspiriting breezes from the southwestern plains, and followed by deliriously cool, restful nights. The^annual rainfall is from twenty-eight to forty inches, and is generally so well distributed over the growing season that less than a fair crop of grains, vegetables and grasses is rarely known. The natural drainage of the county is excellent, the deep-set streams readily carrying off the surplus water from the generally un- dulating surface, only a limited area being too flat to quickly shed the surplus rains. A high average of health obtains among men, animals and plants. There are no swamps or lagoons to breed malaria. The air and water are pure, and the conditions to normal health obtain here in as good measure as any where in the west. The face of the country is fair and attractive. In the central and eastern portions of the county, at the summit level, are broad reaches of open plain or prairie land, from whose margin the country dips with graceful incline outward and downward in sympathy with the diverging water-courses that flow down through groves and green, grassy glades, intervals and fringes of timber, and pretty low-lyiug, winding valleys, to where they are lost in the larger streams and forests. Here and there along these Targer streams may be seen a range of low hills, with occasional out- croppings of the lime rock into wild, weird, picturesque forms, but the general aspect of the landscape is peaceful and pastoral, and from every point of view has the semblauce of a magnificent natural park, to whose native charms the hands of man have added a thousand graces of art ingrain field, orchard, homestead, hedgerow and lawn. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 843 The water supply of this county is alike ample and admirable. More than a score of deep-set streams traverse every portion of the county, and with numerous springs, hundreds of artificial ponds and many living wells and cisterns, furnish pure water for all domestic uses. The county is well supplied with timber, much of its surface be- ing covered with groves and belts of oak, ash, elm, walnut, butternut, sycamore, hackberry, maple, cherry, mulberry, box-elder, hickory, linden and kindred woods. The markets are well supplied with hard and soft woods at $2.00 to $3.50 per cord, and there is a fair supply of building and fencing timber. A good portion of the county is un- derlaid with coal, whose frequent outcroppings along the streams and ravines expose veins which are easily worked by "stripping" and "drifting." Explorations made by shafts disclose well-defined veins, and there is not a doubt of very extensive deposits of the best bitumin- ous coal. The supply of good building stone too is equal to all pres- ent and prospective needs, massive deposits of well stratified limestone being found frequently outcropping along the streams aud ravines. The cost of fencing is materially lower here than in most of the new or old prairie states. In the wooded districts the fences are cheaply made of common post or stakes and rails. In the prairie dis- tricts the older and abler farmers do a large amount of fencing with the osage orange hedge, which is an unqualified success in this coun- try. There are miles and miles of fine hedge in this country, and with the proper care a farmer can grow a mile of stock proof hedge in four years, at a cost of $125 in labor. The newer farms are being uni- versally fenced with barbed wire, which is esteemed the quickest, most reliable, durable and cheapest fencing now in use here. The stock farmers are especially friendly to barbed wire fencing, some of them having put up as many as five and six miles in the last three years. The soils of Cooper county are developing elements of productive wealth as cultivation advances. The prairie soil is a dark, friable al- luvial, from one to three feet deep, rich in humus, very easily handled, and produces fine crops of corn, oats, flax, rye, broom corn, sorghum, vegetables and grasses. The oak and hickory soil of the principal woodlands is a shade lighter in color; is rather more consistent ; holds a good per cent of lime and magnesia, carbonate, lime, phosphate, silica, alumnia, organic matter, etc., and produces fine crops of wheat, clover and fruits, and, with deep rotative culture, gives splendid re- turns for the labor bestowed. The valleys are covered with a deposit of black, imperishable al- luvial, from three to eight feet in depth and as loose and friable as a 844 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. heap of compost, grow from sixty to eighty bushels of corn to the acre, and give an enormous yield to anything grown in this latitude. While these soils present a splendid array of productive forces, they are sup- plemented by sub-soils equal to any known to husbandry. The entire superficial soils of the county are underlaid by strong, consistent, sili- cious clays and marls, so rich in lime, magnesia, alumnia, organic mat- ter, and other valuable constituents, that centuries of deep cultivation will prove them like the kindred loess of the Ehine and Nile valleys, absolutely indestructible. Everywhere, about the railway cuts, ponds, cisterns, cellars and other excavations, where these clays and marls have had one or two years exposure to frost and air, they have slacked to the consistency of an ash heap, and bear such a rank growth of weeds, grass, grain, vegetables and young trees, that in the older and less fertile states they might readily be taken for deposits of the richest compost. After two and a half years observation in central and northwest- ern Missouri, we are prepared to believe that a hundred years hence, when the older eastern and southern states shall have been hopelessly given over to the artificial fertilizers of man, and a new race of farmers are carrying systematic and deep cultivation down into this wonderful alien deposit of silicious matter, the whole of north and central Missouri will have become the classic ground in American agriculture, andthese im- perishable soils in the hands of small farmers will have become a very garden of beauty and bounty, and these Cooper county lands will command splendid prices on a strong market. The lands of Cooper county are nearly all available, because they are nearly all good. The lowest bottoms are, as a rule, free from swamps and lagoons, and the highest elevations comparatively free of rocks and impediments to cultivation. It is safe to say that these soils, together, give the broadest range of production known to Amer- ican husbandry. It is the pride and boast of the Cooper county farmer that he can grow in perfection every grain, vegetable, grass, plant and fruit that flourishes between the northern limits of the cot- ton fields and the Eed river of the north. Both the surface indica- tions of soil and its native and domestic productions indicate its remarkable versatility and bounty. Hazel brush, red elm, linden, su- mac, mulberry, wild cherry, white and black walnut, resin weed and growths, found in nearly every neighborhood of the county, indicate a rich and versatile soil. In the line of productions corn takes the lead by a large margin, the gross crop of the county for the year 1880, according to the United HISTORY OF HOWAKD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 845 States census, being 2,389,965 bushels. This was grown upon 63,988 acres, which is an average of about thirty-eight bushels per acre. Winter wheat is grown to some extent, especially in the timber lands, and yields from fourteen to thirty bushels per acre, but corn and stock raising are found so much more profitable that the tendency is more and more to their production. The wheat crop for 1880 was 516,138 bushels. Oats and rye are both profitably grown, the former yielding from twenty to forty bushels per acre, and the latter from twelve to twenty-five bushel* per acre, after more or less winter grazing The yield of oats for 1880 was 263,389 bushels, and the yield of rye 4,225 bushels. The county produced in 1880, 21,252 pounds of tobacco from twenty-nine acres. Among the other field crops there are flax and barley, millet and huugarian, broom corn, Irish and sweet potatoes. The garden of the careful cultivator makes as fine a showing in this county as anywhere in the west, every vegetable of the middle lati- tudes coming to perfection in these flexible and generous soils. This portion of the state is one of the finest of fruit countries. The eleva- tion, soil, climate, latitude, all favor the perfect growth of the apple, peach, pear, cherry, plum, grape and smaller fruits of the garden. The apple is the most successful crop ; peaches give a full crop in two out of four years. The pear does well on the more tenacious oak and hickory soils. This part of Missouri is the home of the vine. The lowland" forests are in many places festooned with a gorgeous growth of wild grape vines, many of them of great age and size. Nearly all the standard domestic grapes of the middle latitudes are grown here in profusion, at a cost of two or three cents per pound, and for flavor, size and color they will rank with the best grown along the Ohio and Delaware, or in the Erie islands. Wherever they are given half a chance both vines and fruit trees are remarkably thrifty. But a few years ago, much of the outlying commons was covered with a luxuriant growth of wild prairie grass, of which there were more than fifty varieties, all of more or less value for pasturage and hay. Nearly all the natural ranges are now enclosed and under trib- ute to the herdsmen, and it is safe to say that their native herbage will put more flesh on cattle, from the beginning of April to early autumn, than any of the domestic grasses. With the progress of settlement and cultivation, however, they are steadily disappearing before the tenacious and all-conquering blue grass, which is surely making the conquest of every rod of the county not under tribute to the plow. Blue grass is an indigenous growth here — many of the older and open woodland pastures rivaling the famous blue grass 55 846 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ranges of Kentucky, both in the luxuriance of their growth and the high quality of the herbage. Now and then one meets a Kentuckian so provincial in his attachments and conceits that he can see nothing quite equal to the blue grass of old Bourbon county ; but the mass of impartial Kentuckians, who constitute a large per centum of the pop- ulation here, admit that the same care bestowed upon the blue grass fields of Kentucky gives equally fine results in Cooper county, whose blue grass ranges are certainly superior to any in Illinois. This splendid " king of grasses," which, in this mild climate, makes a luxuriant early spring and autumn growth, is appropriately supple- mented here by white clover, which is also "to the manor born ; " and on this mixture of alluvial, with the underlying siliceous marls and clays, makes a fine growth, especially in years of full moisture, and is a strong factor in the sum of local grazing wealth. With these two grasses, followed by orchard grass for winter grazing (orchard grass makes a very heavy growth here), the herdsmen of fortunate Cooper county have that most desirable of all stock-growing condi- tions — perennial grazing — which, with the fine grades of stock kept here, means wealth for all classes of stock growers. There is another essential element of grazing resource here, and it is found in the splendid timothy meadows, which are equal to any in the Western Reserve or the Canadas. These meadows give a heavy growth of hay and seed, both of which are largely and profitably grown for export. Red clover is quite as much at home here as timothy, and its cultivation is being very successfully extended by all the better farmers for mixed meadow pasturage and seed. Here, too, is found a luxuriant growth ©f herds' grass (red top), which, during the past summer, has made fine showing, the low, "swale" lands and ravines pre- senting grand, waving billows of herds' grass, almost as rich and rank of growth as the " blue stem" of the wild western prairie bot- toms. With this showing for the native and domestic grasses, it is al- most needless to pronounce Cooper county a superb stock country. With millions of bushels of corn grown at a cost of sixteen to eignteen cents per bushel ; an abundance of pure stock water and these matchless grasses ; the fine natural shelter afforded by the wooded valleys and ravines ; the superior facilities for cheap transportation to the great stock markets, the mildness and health of the climate, and the cheapness of the grazing lauds, nothing pays so well or is so perfectly adapted to the couutry as stock husbandry. Cattle, sheep, swine, horse and mule raising and feeding are all pursued with profit in this county, the business, in good hands, paying net yearly returns HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 847 of twenty to forty per cent on the investment, many sheep growers realizing a much greater net profit. Cattle growing and feeding, in connection with swine raising and feeding, is the leading industry of the county, leading all other depart- ments of husbandry by seventy-five per cent. High grade short- horns of model types, bred from the best beef-getting stock, are kept by most of the growers and feeders, the steers being grazed during the warm months, after which they are " full-fed " and turned off during the winter and spring, weighing from 1200 to 1700 pounds gross at two and three years old, the heavier animals going to European buyers. These steers are fed in conjunction with model Berkshire and Poland China pigs, which fatten perfectly on the droppings and litter of the feed yard and go into market, weighing 250 to 400 pounds at ten to fourteen months old. These steers and pigs are bred and grazed by the feeders of their grass and corn-grow- ing neighbors, and will average in quality and weight with the best grades fed in any of the older states. Horse and mule raising is a favorite industn' with many of the farmers, and has been pursued with profit for years, a large surplus of well-bred work horses and mules going mainly to the southern markets each year. Sheep raising has for several years been a favorite and highly profitable branch of stock husbandry here, many growers realizing a, net profit of forty to sixty per cent on the money invested in the busi- ness, The wool produced in 1880 amounted to 143,770 pounds. This county is remarkably well suited to sheep growing, the flocks increas- ing rapidly and being generally free from disease. There are many small flocks that give a higher per cent of profit than the figures above given, but even the larger herds make a splendid showing. Merinos are mainly kept by the larger flockmasters, but the hundreds of smaller flocks, ranging from 40 to 300 each, are mainly Cotswolds and Downs, the former predominating, and the wool clips running from five to nine pounds per capita of unwashed wool. Sheep feeding is conducted with unusual profit here, the mild winters, cheap feed, large " stocky " class of wethers fed, and the very cheap transportation to the great mutton markets especially favoring the business. The extent of the industry in this county is only measurably indi- cated by the United States census of live stock for 1880, which gives the county a total of 7,638 horses, 3,418 mules, 19,999 cattle, 19,942 sheep and 62,529 swine. This statement, which is unquestionably 848 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. fifteen to twenty per cent below the real number of animals kept in the county, shows a large increase over the report for 1870. The live stock exports of the county last year exceeded 1,500 car loads of fat cattle, sheep, swine, horses and mules, worth in the home market at present prices considerably more than $1,500,000, and yet the busi- ness is comparatively in its infancy, not more than half the stock growing resources of the county being yet developed. Dairy farming might be very profitably pursued here, the grasses, water, and near market for first-class dairy products all favoring the business in high degree. In 1880 there were 263,278 pounds of butter made. ' Cooper county comes very near to being a stock breeder's para- dise, the demand for all classes of well bred stock always being in excess of the supply. In former years the local growers have mostly depended upon the breeders of the older neighboring counties for their thoroughbred stock animals, but of late many fine short-horns have been brought in, and superior stock horses have been introduced, and there are a dozen of good breeders of sheep and swine, whose stock will rank with the best in the country. Stock breeding, grazing and feeding under the favoring local con- ditions is the surest and most profitable business that can be pursued in the west, or for that matter, anywhere in " the wide, wide world." Not a single man of ordinary sense and business capacity in this country, that has followed the one work of raising and feeding his own stock, abjuring speculation, and sticking closely to the business, has (or ever will) failed to make money. It beats wheat growing two to one, though the latter calling be pursued under the most favorable conditions in the best wheat regions. It beats speculation of every sort, for it is as sure as the rains and sunshine. What are stocks, bonds, "options," mining shares, merchandise, or traffic of any character beside these matchless and magnificent grasses that come of their own volition and are fed through all the ages bv the eternal God, upon the rains and dews and imperishable soils of such a land as this? If the writer were questioned as to the noblest calling among men, outside of the ministry of "peace and good will," he would unhesitatingly point to the quiet and honorable pastoral life of these western herdsmen. Stock growing in Cooper county, as every- where, develops a race of royal men, and is the one absorbing, enter- taining occupation of the day and location. If it be eminently practical and profitable, so too, it is invested with a poetic charm. To grow the green, succulent, luxuriant grasses, develop the finest HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 849 lines of grace and beauty in animal conformation, tend one's herds and flocks on the green, fragrant range, live in an atmosphere of delicate sympathy with the higher forms and impulses of the animal life in one's care, and to be inspired by the higher sentiments and traditions of honorablo breeding, is a life to be coveted by the best men of all lands. By the side of the herds and grasses and herdsmen of such a country as this, the men of the grain fields are nowhere. These men of the herds are leading a far more satisfactory life than the Hebrew shepherds led on the Assyrian hills in the old, dead centuries ; they tend their flocks and raise honest children in the sweet atmosphere of content. They are in peace with their neighbors, and look out upon a pastoral landscape as fair as ever graced the can- vas of Turner. The skies above them are as radiant as those above the Arno, and if the finer arts of the old land are little cultivated by the herdsmen of these peaceful valleys, they are yet devoted to the higher art of patient and honorable human living. The lands are cheap, the location exceptionally fine and the other advantages over the older States so great that the question of competi- tion is all in favor of this country. This country is admirably suited to " mixed farming." The versatility and bounty of the soil, wide range of production, the competition between the railways and great rivers for the carrying trade and the nearness of the great markets, all favor the variety farmer. With a surplus of cattle, sheep, pigs, mules, horses, wool, wheat, eggs, poultry, fruit, dairy products, etc., he is master of the situation. The farmers of Cooper county live easier and cheaper than those of the older States. The labor bestowed upon forty acres in Ohio, New York or New England, will thoroughly cultivate one hundred acres of these richer, cleaner and more flexible soils. There is little foul growth, few stumps and no stones to im- pede the progress of the happy cultivator here, and the long, genial, friendly summers never hurry or confuse farm work. Animals re- quire less care and feed and mature earlier ; the home requires less fuel ; the fields are finely suited to improved machinery, and it is safe to say that the average Cooper county farmer gets through the real farm work of the year in one hundred and fifty days. Nature is so prodigal in her gifts to man, that the tendency is to go slow and take the world easy. Nor is this at all wonderful in a country where generous Mother Nature dbes seventy per cent of the productive work, charitably leaving only thirty per cent for the brain and muscle of her sons. It is only natural that this condition of things tend to loose and unthrifty methods of farming, and that 850 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. the consequent waste of a half section of land here, would give a com- fortable support to a Connecticut or Canadian farmer. It is in evidence, however, from the experience of all thorough and systematic farmers here, that no region hi America gives grander sections to good farming than this county. There is not one of all the thorough, sj'stematic, rotative and deep cultivators of the country who has not and does not make money. No soils give a better account of themselves in skilled and thrifty hands than these, and it is greatly to their honor that they have yielded so much wealth under such indifferent treatment. These Cooper and Howard county lands will every time pay for them- selves under anything like decent treatment. They are near the centre of the great corn and blue grass area of the country, where agriculture has stood the test of half a century of unfailing production, where civ- ilization is surely and firmly founded on intellectual and refined society, schools, churches and railways, markets, mills and elegant homes. The lands of these two counties will nearly double in value during the next decade. Nothing short of material desolation can prevent such a result. Everywhere in the older States, there is more or less inquiry about Missouri lands, and all the indications point to a strong inflow of intelligent and well-to-do people from the. older States. Does the reader ask why lands are so cheap under such fav- orable, material conditions? Well, the question is easily answered. Up to a recent date, little or nothing has been done by the people of the State to advertise to the world its manifold and magnificent re- sources. Still worse, Missouri has, for two decades, been under the ban of public prejudice throughout the north and east, the people of those sections believing Missourians to be a race of ignorant, inhos- pitable, proscriptive and intolerant bulldozers, who were inimical to northern immigration, enterprise and progress. Under this impres- sion, half a million immigrants have annually passed by this beauti- ful country, bound for the immigrants' Utopia, which is generally laid in Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado and Texas. This mighty army of resolute men and women, with their wealth of gold, experience and courage, have been lost to a State of which they unfortunately knew little and cared to know less. Under such conditions, there has, of course, been a dearth of land buyers. Happily, Cooper and Howard counties have been advertised by their local newspapers, their enter- prising real estate men and other agencies, and have perhaps suffered less at the hands of ill-founded predudice than many other sections. It is the good fortune of this beautiful county to have a more cosmo- politan population than any other portion of the State, and this fact, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 851 together with the enterprise of the people in advertising their local advantages and resources, has given it a larger inflow of immigration and new capital than has fallen to the lot of any purely agricultural county in central and north Missouri. The people of Cooper county — nearly 22,000 strong — are as intelligent, refined and hospitable as those of Ohio or Michigan ; forty per cent of them hail from the old free states, the provinces and Europe, and a more tolerant, appreciative, chivalrous community never undertook the subjugation of a beautiful wilderness to noble human uses. We have passed a year and a half in northern and central Missouri, visiting the towns, looking into the industrial life of the people, inspecting the farms and herds, reviewing the schools and carefully watching the drift of popular feeling, and are pleased to affirm that there is nowhere in the union a more order-loving and law- respecting population than that of Cooper and Howard counties. " The life they live " here is quite as refined and rational as any phase of the social and political life at the north. Whatever they did in the exciting and perilous years of the war, they are to-day as frank, liberal and cordial in their treatment of northern people, and as ready to appreciate and honor every good quality in them, as if they were " to the manor born." That they are tolerant and liberal is proven by the elevation of well known union soldiers to positions of honor and trust. A strong union sentiment is everywhere apparent. Many persons were strong union democrats during the war, never swerving in their fealt}' to the union, and the old flag floats as proudly in central and north Missouri as in the shadows of Independence Hall. All parties are agreed that slavery is dead, and that its demise was a bless- ing to every prime interest of the country. There is not a man of character in the county who would restore the institution if he could. A good majority of the people of this county hail from Kentucky and Virginia, or are descended from Kentucky or Virginia families, and have the deliberation, frankness, good sense, admiration of fair play, reverence for woman and home, boundless home hospitality and strong self-respect, for which the average Kentuckian and Virginian is pro- verbial. They have a habit of minding their own business that is refreshing to see. The new comer is not catechised as to social ante- cedents or politics, but is estimated for what he is and does. They don't care where a man hails from, if he be seusible and honest. They take care of their credit as if it were their only stock in trade. When a man's word ceases to be as good as his bond, his credit, business 852 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. and standing are gone, and the loss of honorable prestige is not at all easy of recovery. Sterling character finds as high appreciation here as in any coun- try of our knowledge. The visitor is impressed with the number of strong men — men who would take rank in the social, professional and business relations of any community in civilization. Cooper county has evidently drawn largely upon the best blood, brain and experi- ence of the older states. In every department of life may be found men of fine culture and large experience in the best ways of the world, and the stranger who comes here expecting to place the good people of this county in his shadow, will get the conceit effectually taken out of him in about ninety days. They are not a race of barbarians, living a precarious sort of life in the bush, but a brave, magnanimous, intel- ligent people, who, if their average daily life be sternly realistic in the practical ways of home-building and bread-getting, have yet within and about them so much of the ideal that he is indeed a dull observer who sees not in their relations to the wealth of the grain fields and herds, and the poetry of the sweet pastoral landscape, a union of the real and ideal that is yet to make for them the perfect human life. They find ample time for the founding and fostering of schools, the love of books and flowers and art, a cultivation of the social graces, and the building of temples to the spiritual and ideal. Cooper county raises horses and mules and swine, fat steers, and the grain to feed the million, but is none the less a generous almoner of good gifts for her children. She has eighty-six free public schools for white and sixteen for colored children. Public morals are guarded and fostered by the presence and in- fluence of fifty churches, representing nearly all the denominations, and are nowhere displayed to better advantage than in the general observance of the Sabbath, and in the honest financial administration of county affairs. There are no repudiators of the public credit and obligation here. Every public promise to pay is honored with prompt payment of principal and interest. They have in high measure that singular and inestimable virtue called popular conscience, and make it the inexorable rule of judgment and action in all public administra- tion. It is as unchangeable as the law of the Medes and Persians, and though public enterprise has impelled the expenditure of a great deal of money, large sums have also been voted for the building of railways, for county buildings and appointments, and for bridges, with a liberal expenditure for incidental uses, all within little more than a decade ; every dollar of county obligation has been paid at ma- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 853 turity, nobody has had the hardihood to even talk repudiation, and happy, prosperous Cooper will soon be out of debt, and the last dollar of her bonded indebtedness will be promptly paid. Better still, she has surplus cash in her vaults to meet the current expenditures on public account, and her credit is as good as that of the nation itself. It is clearly no injustice to other portions of Missouri to pro- nounce Cooper one of the model counties. She has an untarnished and enviable credit, excellent schools, light taxes, a brave, intelligent and progressive population, and presents a picture of material thrift which challenges the admiration of all. There are a score of men in the county worth from $30,000 to $500,000. Half a hundred more represent from $20,000 to $50,000, and a large number from $15,000 to $20,000, while after these come a good sized army whose lands and personal estate will range from $10,000 to $15,000. This wealth is not in any sense speculative, for it has been mainly dug out of the soil, and, in a modest degree, represents the half developed capacity of the grasses and grain fields. It is not in the hands of any specu- lative or privileged class, but is well distributed over the county in lands, homes and herds. It is one of the pleasures of a life time to ride for days over this charming region of fine old homes, thrifty or- chards, green pastures and royal herds, and remember that the fortun- ate ovvners of these noble estates have liberal bank balances to their credit, and are well on the road to honorable opulence. Many a reader of this report will be inclined to wonder if it is an over-colored sketch of the country and people, and ask for the shady side of the picture. " Are there no poor lands, poor farmers, or poor farming in Cooper county — nothing to criticise, grumble about or find fault with in the ways of the 22,000 people within the range of the letter? " Yes, there is a " shady side " to the picture, and it is easily and quickly sketched from life. The scarcity of farm labor is appa- rent to the most superficial observer. The negroes who did most of the farm labor under the old compulsory system have gone almost solidly into the towns, and are no longer a factor in the farm labor problem. The average farm hand has acquired the easy slip-shod habits of the slave labor system, and is at best a poor substitute. Four-fifths of the farmers undertake too much, expending in the most superficial way upon 200 or 400 acres the labor which would only well cultivate 100 acres, and the result is seen in shallow plowing, hurried seeding, slight cultivation, careless harvesting, loose stacking, waste- ful threshing and reckless waste in feeding. The equally reckless exposure of farm machinery in this county would bankrupt the entire 854 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. farm population of half a dozen New England counties in three sea- sons. The visitor in the country is always in sight of splendid reapers, mowers, seeders, cultivators, wagons and smaller implements, stand- ing in the swath, furrow, fence corner or yard where last used, and exposed to the storms and sunshine until the improvident owner needs them for further use. The exposure of flocks and herds to the cold wet storms of the winter, without a thought of shelter, in a country where nature has bountifully provided the material for, and only trifling labor is re- quired to give ample protection, is a violation of the simplest rule of economy and that kindly human impulse that never fails to be moved by the sight of animal suffering. The astonishing waste of manures, by the villainous habit of burning great stacks of straw and leaving rich half century accumulations of manure to the caprice of the ele- ments, may be all right in bountiful old Missouri, but in the older eastern country would be prima facie evidence of the insanity of the land-owner who permitted the waste. The waste of valuable timber is equally unaccountable, if not really appalling. While economists in the older lands are startled at the rapid approach of the timber famine, and are wondering where the timber supply is to come from a dozen years hence, the farmers of Cooper county, and all north Missouri, are splitting elegant young walnut and cherry trees into common rails to enclose lands worth ten dollars to twenty-five dollars per acre ; cutting them into logs for cabins, pig troughs and sluiceways, and even putting them on the wood market in competition with cheap coals, complaining the while of the cost of walnut furniture bought from factories a thousand miles away. There are too many big farms here for either the good of the over- tasked owners or the country. No man can thoroughly cultivate 600, 1,000 or 1,500 acres of land, an}' more than a country of homeless and landless tenants can be permanently prosperous ; and the sooner these broad, unwieldy estates are broken into small farms, and thoroughly cultivated by owners of the soil in fee simple, the better it will be for land values, schools, highways, society, agriculture, trade, and every vital interest of the country. Such a consummation would vastly add to the wealth and attractions of this beautiful and fertile region, giving it the graces of art, manifold fruits of production, and universal thrift that attend every country of proprietary small farmers. There is too much speculation and too little work for the benefit of farming or economic living. Everybody is trading with his neighbor in live HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 855 stock, grain, lands, town lots, options, or anything that promises money without work, forgetful that the country is not a clime the richer for the traffic. Nothing surprises the eastern visitor as much as the want of appreciation for their country, expressed by so many of the old and substantial farmers of this region. They get the Texas, Kansas or Colorado fever, and talk about selling beautiful farms in this fair and fertile country for the chances of fortune in one of these regions of the immigrant's Utopia, as if they were unconscious of liv- ing in one of the most favored lands upon the green earth. A six weeks' tour of some of the older and less favored states, followed by atrip of critical observation into some of the newer ones, might give these uneasy and unsettled men a spirit of happy content with their present homes and surroundings. Cooper county has productive capacity great enough to feed a fourth of the population of Missouri, but before its wonderful native resources are developed to the maximum, it must have twenty thou- sand more men to aid in the work. Men for the thorough cultivation of forty, eighty and one hundred and twenty acre farms; for the modern butter and cheese dairy; skilled fruit growers to plant or- chards and vineyards and wine presses ; hundreds of sterling young men from the northern states, the Canadas and Europe, to solve the farm labor problem iu a country where reliable labor is scarce and wages high, and skilled artisans to found a hundred new mechanical indus- tries. All these are wanted, nor can they come a day too soon for cordial greeting from the good people of Cooper county, or the precious realization of a great destiny for one of the most inviting regions on the green earth. BIOGRAPHICAL. BOONVILLE TOWNSHIP. GEOKGE W. ADAMS, furmer. One of the most substantial and successful . farmers of Cooper county is Mr. George W. Adams. His grandfather, John Adams, was a native of Virginia, hut settled in Kentucky iu the latter part of the last century. There he lived a number of years and reared his family; and there his son, William M., the father of George Adams, was born in Garrard county in December, 1795. In 1816 the family, including William M., then a young man nearly twenty-one years of age, came to Missouri and settled in Howard county, on the opposite side of the Missouri river from where George Adams now lives. In youth, William Adams acquired an excellent education, and was afterwards noted among his neighbors as a man of superior men- tal culture. In 1826 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Palmetory, originally of Kentucky, and the same year he and his wife settled on the place in Cooper, where their son, George, still resides, and where they both lived until their death; he September 28, 1872, and she September 14, 1878. They had five children, George being the youngest. He was born December 21, 1837, and grew up on the family homestead. He attended the ordinary schools, but his father also took a deep interest in his education, and gave him constant pri- vate instruction. When about twenty years old he commenced teach- ing school himself, which he kept up during the winter season for nearly twenty years, or until 1879. Although giving a part of every year to school teaching, he is an active and successful farmer, and has made a regular business of dealing in stock. His farm numbers 400 acres of good land. He was married March 28, 1864, to Miss Emma Erwin. ■ They have three children — Charles, Emma and Henry. (856) HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 857 WILLIAM D. ADAMS, farmer, section 33. Among the substantial and successful farm- ers of Cooper county, the gentleman whose name heads this sketch is worthy of special mention. He was born in Mercer county, Ken- tucky, April 12, 1818. His father, Thomas Adams, was a native of Virginia, born March 25, 1780, and was a son of Samuel Adams, of the same state. Thomas, the father of William D., came out to Kentucky when a young man, and was soon afterwards married to Miss Margaret J. Dicksou, a young lady of that state, but of Scotch descent. She was about eight years his junior, being born April 4, 1788. Of this union thirteen children were born, of whom William D. was the sixth. While he was still in his infancy, in 1818, his pa- rents immigrated to this state and settled in Cooper county, on a part of the present homestead of the subject of this sketch. For sixty-five years, from its first settlement until the present time, this place has been the property respectively of father and son. Here both parents lived until their deaths ; the father August 8, 1862, and the mother seventeen years afterwards, January 9, 1879. In youth William D. had the advantages afforded by the ordinary neighborhood schools, and also attended Bonne Femme school, near Columbia, in that early day one of the best reputed colleges throughout the surrounding country. Returning from college, he resumed farm pursuits, and on the 17th day of November, 1863, was married to Miss Mary P., daughter of Dr. H. A. Thompson, of this county. Three children are living to bless their married life ; Arthur, born August 3, 1867 ; Wil- liam, born November 24, 1873, and Mariah H.,'born December 30, 1877. Mr. Adams is a member of the Presbyterian church. His farm contains nearly 400 acres, and is well improved as respects both buildings and fences, as well as arable land. On this his whole life thus far has been spent, except an absence of about four years, between 1853 and 1857, during which he was in California. THOMAS A. BEAR, farmer, section 8. Henry Bear-, the father of Thomas A. Bear, was a native of Rockingham county, Virginia, born in 1798, but removed to Kentucky early in life, and from that state came to Missouri in 1836. Here he settled on a farm, about eight miles south of Boonville,in Cooper county, where he followed farming and blacksmithing ; being a super- ior mechanic, he also manufactured the old-time McCormick reaper to some extent, up to about 1848. In 1849 he was attracted to Califor- nia by the gold excitement, but lived only a year after reaching the 858 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES.' Pacific coast, dying in the land beyond the Cordilleras in 1850. He left a widow, formerly a Miss Jane Kennerly, also a native of Vir- ginia, and nine children, Thomas A. being the first child. Thomas A. was but eleven years old at the time of his father's death, having been born in this county, on the 23d of March, 1839. Brought up on a farm, he devoted himself to agricultural pursuits, and has since given his whole attention to farming. January 11th, 1870, he was married to Miss Josephine Burrus, of this county. They settled on their present farm in 1871. They have a neat place ol over a quarter of section of land, and have it comfortably and substantially improved. Mr. Bear has never sought an office, and has held none, except that of school director. Their family of children are Callie E., Ada L., Harry A., and Freddie C. CHARLES C. AND JOHN W. BELL, of Bell Brothers, wholesale fruit and produce dealers. Prominent among those who have contributed largely, by their enterprise and energy, to the growth and prosperity of Boonville as a busi- ness centre are the Bell Brothers, the subjects of the present sketch. They are of German parentage, and were born, Charles C, in Nassau, Germany, August 30, 1848, and John W. in Boonville, Missouri, November 29, 1856. They are the youngest of five living children, of a family originally of eleven, of John A. and Catherine S. (Gross) Bell, who immigrated from Nassau to Boonville in 1848. The parents belonged to prominent families in the dukedom of Nas- sau, and both had received advanced educations. The father, John A., took a thorough classical course, and subsequently held high positions in the public service. He was quite wealthy when the revo- lution of 1848 broke out, but the events of that struggle wrecked his fortune and practically drove him from the country. He sympathized strongly with the revolutionists, and became so identified with them, that the only extraction from the difficulties of his situation was in immigration to America. He therefore disposed of his property as best he could, but at a great sacrifice, and brought his family to America. They were shipwrecked on the way, entailing additional losses and hardships, and were over four months in making the journey. But he was not a man to break down under misfortunes. Arrived at Boonville, he at ouce went on a farm, and went to "work with the courage and energy of a man just starting out in life. He soon became a prosperous farmer, and was as highly esteemed for his sterling worth and the superior culture of his mind as any man in the com- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 859 munity. He died here December 11th, 1865. The motto of his life was: "Do right, and fear not," and this, which his whole career faithfully illustrated, was placed, at his request, upon his monument, now marking his last resting place in Walnut Grove cemetery. His wife survived him but three years, dying August 1st, 1868. He was born February 2d, 1803, and she, January 19th, 1810. The sons, Charles C, and John W., were educated in the local schools of this county. After growing up both attended commercial college, from which they were duly graduated — Charles C. in 1868 ; John W. from Bryant & Strattou's Commercial Institute, of St. Louis, several years ago. In 1868 Charles C. began the fruit business in Boonville, be- coming the pioneer dealer of the place in this line. Cooper county being one of the largest fruit producing counties of the state, he had the business acumen to see that it offered superior advantages as a packing and shipping centre. This proved not only profitable to himself, but of the highest value to the fruit interests of the county. He has since continued to follow it, with the exception of a period of three years, during which he was engaged as a commercial traveller. In 1877 John W. became interested as a partner with him in the fruit business, and they have since conducted it together. It has increased in volume and importance far beyond their expectations. They not only ship large quantities of fruit to different parts of the country, but also make heavy consignments direct to Europe. Of apples, alone, (dried and green) they ship annually over 20,000 barrels., Besides fruit, they also deal largety in produce and grain, particularly potatoes in the produce line. In point of means they rank among the substantial business men of the community. Charles C. has lately erected a handsome brick residence on one of the choice sites of Boon- ville, a building that is highly creditable to the city. He is a member of the city council, and takes an active interest in all matters of pub- lic concern. It is to his enterprise and public spirit that is due the formation and incorporation of the Walnut Grove Cemetery associa- tion, and the consequent improvement of that silent city of the dead. Charles C. served for eleven months in the Union army during the war. JOHN BERNARD, manufacturer of cigars and dealer in tobacco. One of the successful and enterprising citizens of Boonville, who have risen in the world l>y their own exertions and personal worth, is Mr. Bernard, the subject of the present sketch. He is a native of France, and was born in Lorraine (now a part of Germany), in November, 1819. When a 860 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. lad ten years of age he was brought to this country by his parents, who emigrated to America in 1829. Landing at New York they re- mained there until the following spring, when they came west to Can- ton, Ohio. From Canton they afterwards removed to Bolivar, in the same state, and lived there until 1838, when they came to St. Louis. John Bernard, the eldest of the family of six children, attended the common schools of Ohio, but early went to work to earn something toward his own support and that of the family. For some time he drove horses, on the Cleveland canal, prior to the time that General Garfield was employed in the same class of work. Subsequently he learned the cigar maker's trade under his father, who was a master of that trade, and he has followed this with but little interruption from then until now. He worked at his trade in St. Louis from 1838 (when he began to learn it) up to 1844, at the expiration of which time he went to Kansas City and was there until December of the fol- lowing year. From Kansas City he returned to St. Louis by horse- back, making the trip in thirteen days, and remained in the Mound City, his old home, following his trade until he came to the city of Boonville. He established his present business in this place in the year 1851, and has since conducted it with the most grati- fying success. He has long occupied a well earned standing among the leading cigar manufacturers and tobacco dealers of central Mis- souri. He is the original manufacturer of the celebrated Dexter cigar, a brand known for its excellence and popularity from Maine to Cali- fornia, and from the lakes to the gulf. Mr. Bernard's success in life has not been unattended by substantial evidences of prosperity. By industry and good management he has accumulated a comfortable competence to rely upon, when it becomes necessary for him to give himself over to the rest and ease of old agre. He has held various offices in the public service. He was a member of the school board of Boonville for nineteen years, from 1863 to 1882. For many years he held the office of justice of the peace, and served from tune to time as member of the city council for the last twenty years or more. In 1862 he was a member of the militia for a short time. June 11, 1848, Mr. Bernard was married to Mrs. Mary Schneider, a widow lady, and a Hanoverian by birth. They have five children — Kate, Louis, Susan, Mary and John, Jr. FREDERICK J. BOLLER was born April 10, 1844, in Nassau city, Germany, his father being John Henry Boiler, born January 11, 1802, in Hachenburg, duke- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 861 dom of Nassau, Germany, who, on April 25, 1830, married Miss Johanette E. L. Lanio, born May 11, 1806, in Nassau city. They had nine children: Elizabeth W., born February 18, 1831 (wife of Philip Gross) ; Charles William, born December 28, 1832, and mar- vied to Miss Paulina Gritzmacher ; Wilhelmina C, born Jauuary 7, 1835 (wife of Frederick C. Wenig ; she died March 24, 1882, leav- ing one child, Mary, three children being deceased) ; Henry C, born May 12, 1837 ; William A., born September 8, 1839 ; Johanette E., born January 23, 1842 (married Peter Klein), died March 29, 1874; Augustus W., born November 20, 1846; Laura P., born April 10, 1850 (wife of Chas. Fiedler) ; and Frederick J., the subject of this sketch, and the seventh in the family. He married Miss Doratha W. Wehlmina of Cooper county, Missouri, March 18, 1873, and to them have been born five children: August H., born November 29, 1874; William, born December 28, 1876, died January 6, 1877; Sophie L., born April 10, 1878 ; Laura L., born September 8, 1880 ; and Johanette C, born March 23, 1883. John H. Boiler, the father of Frederick J., came from Germany in 1848, settling at Boonville, Missouri, and subsequently purchased a farm about three miles west of the city, on which he remained until his death, July 15, 1864. He was a Union man, and while on his way home from Boonville, seated in his carriage, was shot and instantly killed, four bullets piercing his body. He was among the first men to introduce the grape culture in this county. His second wife died October 28, 1875. By his first marriage he had three children ; the oldest died in infancy in Germany, Henrietta married Peter Rems, of Belleville, Illinois, and they were both burned to death in their home at that place, July 16,1875; Gotfried C, born July 11, 1828, married Miss Matilda Katz, of Cooper county, and was killed by bushwhackers, having been taken from his home, stripped and brutally murdered — beaten to death, after having received two shots in his temple. F. J. Boiler has a fine farm of 160 acres on section 32. He raises grapes and fruit quite extensively, producing about 1,500 gallons of wine annu- ally. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. HON. HARVEY BUNCE, vice-president of the Central National bank. Mr. Bunce, who has long been one of the leading men of Cooper county, and one of its most influential and useful citizens, when a boy sixteen years of age, was apprenticed to the ship carpenter's trade, under a firm in New York city, and worked faithfully under them for four years. From 56 862 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. that time to this his life has been one of unceasing industry, gradual- ly advancing him in the world, until now he occupies a position in business affairs and in the estimation of the public that but few of the youths of his own age, favored by every opportunity that wealth and the best educational advantages could afford, have attained. His life is another striking illustration of the old adage that " success is in the man, not his opportunities." He was born in Queen's county, New York, October 28, 1816. His parents, Harvey and Keziah Jarvis, were both natives of that state, and Harvey, Jr., was the elder of the only two children they reared. In the early years of his youth, Har. vey Bunce, the son, attended the usual sessions of the common schools, when not otherwise employed, and by studying as faithfully as he worked, acquired the rudiments of a good ordinary education. After learning the ship builder's trade, under Messrs. Bayless & Co., in New York city, believing there were better opportunities in the west for men of industry and enterprise, he came to Missouri in 1837. Here he followed bridge building and carpentering for ten years, and became widely known, not only as a superior mechanic, but as an ex- cellent citizen and a man of good business qualifications. In 1847 he engaged in farming, and one year afterwards was elected county as- sessor, and was chosen at the next election sheriff of the county, which position he held by regular re-elections until 1861, when he re- signed the office. In 1862 he was appointed public administrator, and afterwards held that office for twelve years. However, for the years 1862-63 he represented the county in the legislature, and in 1864 was a member of the state constitutional convention, that framed the so-called Drake constitution. In business affairs his success was equally marked. He soon became one of the farmers of the county and a leading bank stockholder. In 1866 he was made a director of the Central National bank of Boonville, and served in that capacity for fifteen years, and in 1881 was elected vice-president of the bank. His landed, bank and other property interests rank among the most important in the county. On the 23d of March, 1840, he was mar- ried to Miss Mary A., daughter of Major William Moore, an early pioneer and prominent citizen of this county. They have four chil- dren — Edward B., Cordelia E., William M. and Mary. E. B. BUNCE, county clerk of Cooper county. Mr. Bunce, son of Hon. Harvey Bunce, was born and reared in Cooper county, and except a four years' residence in California, he has made this his permanent home. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 863 He was- born April 11, 1844, and was educated in the schools of Boon- ville. In 1862, then a young man eighteen years of age, he went to the Pacific coast, and was engaged as a salesman in a wholesale house in San Francisco most of the time for four years. He then returned to Cooper county, and in 1867 commenced merchandising in Pales- tine, continuing business there until the fall of 1868, when he located in Bunceton, where he sold goods until 1873. From merchandising he turned his attention to farming, following that occupation with marked success until his election, in 1882, to the office of county clerk, the position he now holds. Mr. Bunce is a man of good edu- cation, thorough business qualifications and strict integrity, and, added to these, he is of an obliging disposition, gentlemanly and courteous to the last degree in manners, and possesses every element of a pop- ular and useful public official. He will doubtless continue to hold a high position in the estimation of the community where he lives and % of all who know him. In the month of November, 1867, he was married to Miss Maggie O., daughter of James H. O'Brien, of Boon- ville. They have five children — Jennie, Emma J., Harvey, Nannie G. and Charles. JOSEPH BYLEK, farmer, section 18. Mr. Byler, although not a large farmer, is a very successful one, and handles his place of 204 acres to as good advan- tage as many do theirs whose farms are far larger than his. He has it well improved, and cultivates it according to. the most approved methods, so as to get the greatest yield from the amount of land planted. He is a native of this county, but his father, Joseph, Sr., now deceased, was a Pennsylvanian by birth, and came here as early as 1818, having married before leaving his native state. He settled on a farm about two and a half miles south of Rankin's mill, where he resided until his death, in 1857. Joseph, Jr., was the seventh of the family of nine children, and was reared on the homestead near Rankin's mill. He was born there, May 7, 1826, and remained at home until 1849, when he went to California to seek his fortune in the mines of the Pacific coast. He returned in 1851 and engaged in farm- ing, and in 1857 was married, June 17, to Miss Henrietta Crawford. Two years after his marriage he settled on his present farm, where he has since lived. Mr. and Mrs. Byler have but one child — a son — Harry L. One son — Graham — is deceased. He and his wife are members of the Baptist church. 864 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. JUDGE JAMES MADISON CAMPBELL, associate judge of the county court. Judge Campbell, who now occu- pies the honorable and responsible position of an associate judge of the county court, is a native of the county, and is a descendant of one of its earVy pioneer families. His parents, Russell and Fanny (Mat- tox) Campbell, who were from Tennessee, where they were married in 1812, settled in this county in 1818. After living a few years on the bluff near Overton, and then for a time south of Saline, they made their permanent home on the farm where the judge now lives. The mother died September 5, 1862, in her seventy-first year, and the father March 1, 1877, in his eighty-sixth year. He was a noble rep- resentative of the hardy, brave-hearted men of the early days of the county, whose hands and brain laid broad and deep the foundations, for the growth and prosperity of the county. His old age was spent 'in the comfort which his earlier years of industry had provided, and nothing delighted him more than to recount to those around him his varied experiences in the first settlement of the county. Like most of those of his time, he was ardently fond of hunting, and even late in life his greatest pleasure was to take his gun and dog and spend a few hours in that pastime. Although not a member of any church, he was a close student of the Bible, and his life was a true exemplification of the precepts it teaches. His wife, a noble, good woman, was a faithful, true Christian in the sense that he was, and also an earnest, zealous church member through most of her life, and until she passed away in death. The Baptist church was her denomination. They had nine children, of whom only four are living — James M. (the judge), Leretta, wife of Sylvester Stiffler; Fanny, wife of 'Squire J. M. Freeman, and Thomas J., of Brownsville, Neb. James M. C am pbell, the sixth of this family, was born in Saline township July 15, 1825, and grew up on his father's farm, receiving in youth, by attendance at the neighbor- hood schools and by study at home, a good practical education. Reared on a farm, farming not unnaturally became his occupation for life. When in his thirty-first year, October 21, 1857, he was married to Miss Susan Gale, daughter of Dr. R. M. W. Gale, one of the oldest and best physicians of the county. She was born at the Gale home- stead in Saline township, August 4, 1840, so that the judge and she were reared together from children ; she died June 12, 1880. They had four children — Augusta, Theophilus, Dora and Maggie. Augusta, however, died December 31, 1868; Theophilus died in infancy ; Dora, born November 25, 1861, is the wife of John A. Mills, having married October 8, 1879, and they have two children, Eugenie and Speed; HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 865 Maggie died November 21, 1878, aged eight years. Dr. Robert M. W. Gale, the father of Mrs. Campbell, and wife, formerly Miss Dorothy Shackelford, had a family of eight children, but two of whom are now living — William T. Gale and his youngest sister, Margaret, wife of George Connor. Two brothers, Joseph and Robert, died in the Rock Island military prison during the war; Julia, the wife of Dr. A. J. Lacy, died in 1870 ; Edwin died at the age of seventeen years, and Alonzo died in infancy. Dr. Gale was a graduate of the medical department of the University of Lexington, Ken- tucky, and came to this county from Scott county, Kentucky. He was one of the most scientific and successful physicians that ever practised in this part of the state, and a man widely known and highly esteemed for his many noble qualities of mind and heart. Judge Campbell has been a successful farmer, but has now retired from active farm duties, having rented his farm to his son-in- law, who is now conducting it. He has always taken a deep interest in the material development, educational needs and public affairs of the county, and because of his well-known solicitude for the general wel- fare, and his thorough acquaintance with public events, as well as of his qualifications, sterling integrity and popularity, he has often been called upon to serve the people of the county in various official capac- ities ; but devoid of all ambition for a political life or for advancement to official position, he steadily refused to become a candidate for any office until 1882, when he was prevailed upon by the solicitations of leading men all over the county to permit the use of his name for the office of county judge, to which he finally consented, aud was, there- fore, chosen to that office at the regular fall election, by a majority of his fellow-citizens highly complimentary to him as an individual and as a leading citizen of the county. He is now serving the people in that capacity, and he and his associates, Judges J. J. Hoge and W. P. McMahau, are earnestly and faithfully striving to so administer the affairs of the county, so far as the duties of the county court extend, that when they retire from office they may justly receive the greeting of the people : " Well done, good and faithful servants." The judge has been a member of the Baptist church at Big Lick since 1852. OWEN CARVILLE. Mr. Carville was a youth sixteen years of age when his parents, John and Rosa (Murry) Carville, emigrated from Ireland with their family in 1849, and settled in Boonville, this county. Owen, who was one of eight children, was born January 1, 1833, and in early youth 866 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. assisted his father on the farm in his native country, and attended the parish schools, which were of a superior quality. After his arrival here he followed various occupations until, some years before the late war, he enlisted as a soldier and went to Salt Lake, Utah, where he was under the commands, successively, of Colonels Alexander and Johnson. Returning home from Salt Lake, he enlisted in 1862 in the union service, becoming a member of company B, 5th Missouri state militia, in which he served for three years, being promoted from the ranks to the position of first lieutenant during his second year of ser- vice, which he held until his term expired. After the war he turned his attention to farming, and now has a comfortable homestead of 130 acres of good land, substantially improved. November 11, 1867, he was married to Miss Mary P]dds, a young lady originally of Ken- tucky. They have six children, Arthur F., Cecilia A., Thomas, Mamie, Rosa and Alphonso. Both parents are members of the Catho- lic church. JUDGE B. C. CLARK, probate judge of Cooper county. In this world of antagonisms, changes and weaknesses, it is of rare occurrence, very rare, that one holds an elective position through life, and, when he dies, whose sou succeeds to the same trust by the preference of the people, and retains it through a long", unbroken chain of years, and until he declines to continue in it longer. Such a record of father and son is a eulogy upon their good names that the art of rhetoric cannot approach. And such is the record of the lives of Judge B. C. and his father, Robert P. Clark, of Cooper county. Robert P. Clark was a man prominent in the affairs of his native county in Kentucky before he came to Mis- souri. A short time after he came to Cooper county, this state, he was made county clerk of the county, which then included also the pre- sent offices of county arid circuit clerk and recorder. He was the first clerk after the organization of the county in 1818. This position he held by regular re-elections for twenty-three years and until his death in 1841. He was also a delegate to the first constitutional convention to frame a state constitution. His son, now Judge Clark, who had been in the office from childhood almost, succeeded his father, and continued in the position, by the Vepeated indorsements of the people, for twelve years, and until he resigned, in order to discontinue official life. From 1853 to 1878 Judge Clark led a quiet, retired and success- ful life on his farm, but in the fall of the last named year the people elected him to the office of probate judge, and in 1882 he was re-elected. Judge Clark was born in this county, July 13, 1819, and as far as HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER CODNTIES. 867 known was the first white person born in the county after its organi- zation. His father was originally of Clark county, Kentucky. He came with his family to Howard county, Missouri, in 1817, and to Cooper county, in 1818. Mrs. Malinda Clark, the judge's mother, was a daugh- ter of Stephen Trigg, of Kentucky, and died in Cooper county in 1828 or 1830. Judge Clark was the fourth of a family of six children. After Mrs. Clark's death, Mr. Clark was married a second time, of which union, one child was born. Judge Clark has lived in this county continuously from infancy, except a short stay made in California in 1849-50, whither he was attracted by the gold excitement of that time. He now resides in Boonville, having moved to the city from his conn- try residence on his election to the office of probate judge. Of course, he has not ti'avelled thus far along life's way without a companion to share his pleasures and sorrows ; but, fortunately, with him far more of the former than of the latter, although the throb of grief has not been a stranger to his breast. In order of time we should have given his marriage before, for he was united in wedlock to Miss Margaret, daughter of James Hutchison, an early and respected citizen of this county, formerly of Bourbon county, Kentucky, on the 9th of Septem- ber, 1841. GEN. HENRY M. CLARK. For nearly forty years General Clark has been connected more or less continuously with the official affairs of the people of Cooper county, and few men have led a life of less reproach, or one that has been characterized by greater fidelity and efficiency in the discharge of public trusts. He is of Virginia parentage, but of Kentucky birth, having been born in Jessamine county, that state, January 28, 1825, and was principally reared in Illinois. His father, James Clark, who was brought up in Virginia, where he married, was a soldier in the war of 1812, and settled in Kentucky in an early day. From Ken- tucky, in 1829, he emigrated with his family to Illinois, stopping first near Jacksonville, and then near Rushville, but finally making his permanent home in Hancock county, where he laid off the town of Plymouth, and lived there until his death in 1835. In 1840, Mrs. Clark, with her family, moved to Cooper county, and here she died six years afterwards. Henry M. was the tenth of a family of eleven children, and after he came to Cooper county, being at the time a young man twenty-two years of age, entered a newspaper office in Boonville, where he learned the printer's trade, and subsequently worked in that occupation in all about four years. In the meantime he had begun to take an active interest in public affairs, and, in 1845, 868 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. became deputy postmaster of Boonville, and the following year was appointed postmaster himself. He held this position for fifteen years through all the changes of administrations, and until 1861, when he entered the Confederate army. Prior to his retirement from the post- office, however, he had been appointed inspector-general of Governor Jackson's staff, and on the commencement of hostilities entered the field in that capacity. He served through the entire war, being under General Price part of the time, but was afterwards finder Gen- eral Smith, in whose command he held the position of inspector- general., After the close of the war he returned to Cooper county, and was pardoned by President Johnson. In a short time he went to Texas, but returned in 1871 and engaged in the insurance business. He continued in this until 1873, when he was appointed deputy col- lector of the county, and in 1878 was elected to that office, which he filled for two terms, being re-elected, and until March, 1883. He is now acting as deputy in the same office. He was married June 11, 1857, to Mrs. Virginia A. Lewis, daughter of N. W. Mack, of this state. General Clark is a member of the Masonic order, and a lead- ing member of the Royal Arch Chapter. JOSEPH COMBS, farmer, section 4. That the days when Cooper county might justly be called a " new country " have long since passed away, is apparent from the fact that so many of its citizens " On whose visage, middle age Has pressed its signet, sage," are the sons of fathers who were reared in the county, and who are now in the twilight of old age, where "Life's shadows are meeting Eternity's day." Mr. Comb's father, Christopher B. Combs, came to this county with his parents, or rather was brought by them, from Kentucky, when but two years of age, and is now an old man, rapidly nearing the allotted age of three score and ten. His father, John Combs, who was boru February 17, 1800, immigrated here with his family, consisting of his wife, formerly Miss Mary B. Clark, and children, in 1822, and in 1833 settled in the place where Joseph Combs now lives. He died June 3, 1857, but his widow is still living at the advanced age of eighty, having been born in March, 1803. Here, Christopher B., born in Kentucky, August 4, 1820, grew up from his second year, and subsequently married and reared his family. He is now a resident of Lamar, Bar- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 869 ton county, Missouri. Joseph, the subject of this sketch, was born where he now lives, March 25, 1848, and was reared on the old home- stead before his parents removed from the county. After the usual course in the common schools, he attended Kemper's well-known school during the sessions of 1857-58-59, and also the terms of 1865- 66-67. He then entered the state university at Columbia, where he had the benefit of a still higher course of studies. October 23, 1868, he was married to Miss Rachel, daughter of Moss Prewitt, of Colum- bia, Missouri. They have one child, a son, John. Farming has con- stituted Mr. Combs' life occupation, and he is now one of the prominent farmers of this county. Thoroughly educated, he farms according to the most approved methods, and everything around him bears the im- press of an enterprising, progressive agriculturist. His farm contains 600 acres, and is well improved. Mr. C. is a member of the Masonic order and a Knight Templar. HON. JOHN COSGROVE, member of congress from the sixth district of Missouri. For every young man without the advantages that ample means aiford, who has an honorable ambition to rise in the world, there is a lesson in the life of Hon. John Cosgrove worthy the closest study. It illustrates, by a striking example, that early opportunities are not indispensable to a useful and honorable career. His father, although a substantial farmer, was not wealthy, and in youth the son had only the advan- tages afforded by the common schools. But notwithstanding this he determined to raise himself to an honorable place in life. How well he succeeded is shown by the position he now occupies in the public affairs of the country, and by the consideration with which his name is regarded wherever he is known. John Cosgrove was born near Alexandria, in Jefferson county, New York, on the 12th day of Sep- tember, 1839. On his father's side he is of Irish descent, his grand- father, James Cosgrove, having been a native of Ireland. John was the fourth of a family of nine children born to James Cosgrove, Jr., and wife, previously Miss Mary Forrella. Both parents were natives of New York, his father having been born in Jefferson county, June 18th, 1798, and his mother in the same county, December 25, 1806. The father died in that county, November 16th, 1879, but Mrs. Cos- grove still survives her husband and is now living in her native state. John Cosgrove remained at home or in the county where he was reared, attending the usual sessions of the common schools as he grew up, until 1859, when, being of an enterprising disposition, he 870 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. was attracted to Colorado by the Pike's Peak excitement. Reaching Leavenworth, Kansas, he and four others started with a hand-cart from that place across the plains, but when the Kickapoo reservation in Kansas was reached, two of the five became disheartened and re- turned. Young Cosgrove and the two remaining companions, how- ever, persevered, and finally reached their destination, Pike's Peak. After remaining there a short time he came to the conclusion that the life of a miner was not the life for him, and returned to New York, resolved to prepare himself for the legal profession. But he was without means or influential friends and his education was still in- complete. Nothing daunted by this unfavorable outlook, he secured a district school which he taught in order to obtain the means to ad- vance his education. He then attended Redwood high school in his native county, and after this, in 1861, entered the office of Hubbard & Lansing, a prominent legal firm of Watertown, New York, where he remained as a student until 1863, when he was admitted to the bar. But even before his admission to the bar he took an active in- terest in local politics, being an ardent democrat, and was regarded as a leader among the young democrats of the place. In 1864 he was made lieutenant in what was kuown as the " Seymour National Guards, " apolitical military organization of young men. In the fall of 1865 he determined to seek his fortune in the west, and picked on Missouri as the place of his future residence. In this state he stopped, first in St. Louis, thence in Jefferson City, but was advised to locate in Boonville. Receiving a letter of introduction there from Hon. Allen Richardson to Colonel Joseph L. Stephens, of this city, he came on here, reaching Boonville on the 19th of November. He had previously stopped at this place in 1859, when on his way to Colo- rado. He was without a single acquaintance. He at once entered upon the practice of his profession, and although young and compar- atively inexperienced, and at a bar where many of the best lawyers of the state practised, he soon won an enviable position as an attorney, and secured a lucrative practice. Some years afterwards he was elected to the responsible office of prosecuting attorney, which he filled with marked distinction, and for a number of years held the position of city attorney of Boonville. Becoming more popular, both as a lawyer and a citizen as he became better known, in 1882 there was a strong demand made upon him to become a candidate for the demo- cratic nomination for congress, to which he yielded, and in the con- vention that followed was nominated with great enthusiasm. In November he was duly elected, and with a majority eminently flatter- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 871 ing to him personally. Mr. Cosgrove is a man of strong natural ability, of untiring industry, and of the most unquestioned integrity. As a lawyer he is widely and well known, careful and painstaking in his practice and more than ordinarily successful in the practical man- agement of cases in court As a speaker he is clear, logical and forci 7 ble, and often rises to a high order of eloquence when he becomes thoroughly imbued with his subject. On the 18th of December, 1873, Mr. Cosgrove was united in marriage to Miss Georgia Augusta Bliss, a refined and accomplished young lady of Brattleboro, Vermont. They have been blessed with an interesting family of four children : John B., James W., Gertrude and an infant. Mr. C. is a member of the I. 0. O. F. order of this city. JOHN W. CUNNINGHAM, farmer, section 8. Mr. Cunningham, although comparatively a new comer to Cooper county, has been a citizen of the state of Missouri for the last forty years, having settled in St. Charles county, this state, from Virginia, in 1843. His parents were both natives of the Old Dominion, and he was the eldest of their family of four children. His father, John Cunningham, was born August 29th, 1800, and died in his native state August 29, 1836. His mother, formerly Miss Mary Kissinger, was born May 20th, 1810, and lived to her fifty-ninth year, dying in 1869. John W., who was born in Berkeley, Virginia (now a part of West Virginia), January 1st, 1826, was raised in his native county, that is up to his eighteenth year, when he came west and located in St. Charles county, this state. There he continued and followed farming with excellent success for nearly thirty years. He was married in that county October 5th, 1852, to Miss Ellen Spencer, and a family of six children has been granted to them. William W., Ida, Anna K., John N., Milton S., and Thomas W. In 1872 Mr. Cunningham removed to Howard county, but, remaining there only a short time, came over to this county, and settled on his present place. His farm contains five hundred acres of the best quality of land. Having no political am- bition, he has never sought prominence in public aflairs, and has never held any office except that of school director of his district. He is a substantial, successful farmer, and a highly respected citizen. M. DIRINGEE, wagon making and general blacksmithing. In 1859 Mr. Diringer, then sixteen years of age, commenced work in a blacksmith shop to 872 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. learn the trade, at which he continued, without interuptkm, about two years, and until the breakiug out of the war. Then, like most young men of Boonville, of German antecedents by birth or descent, he took the side of the Union, and in July, 1861, joined the home guards, with which he served five months, and then enlisted, Decem- ber 21st, 1861, in a company of Federal calvary, commanded by Colonel Eppstein, under whose command he served three years, or until December 21st, 1864. After that he resumed work at his trade, and carried on blacksmithing exclusively in this city until 1870, when he engaged also in manufacturing wagons, which he has kept up until the present time, and has been very successful in both lines of industry. He was a son of Ignes and Magdaline Diringer, both natives of Alsace, Germany (formerly part of France), and was born in that province, November 12, 1843. When he was eight years of age the family came to this country, and his father engaged in farming and the vineyard business, to which occupation the son was brought up, and followed until he commenced work at the blacksmith's trade. On the 29th of October, 1868, Mr. M. Diringer was married to Miss Margaret Mitchell, formerly of Chariton county. They have three children, Frank J., Emelia, and Catherine. Mr. D. is a member of tbe Catholic church. JAMES W. DRAFFIN, of Draffin & Williams, attorneys at law. There are few men who know anything of the judicial annals of central Missouri for the last twenty-five or thirty years, to whom the name of James W. Draffin is not as familiar, almost, as a household word. He is the second oldest practictioner at the Cooper county bar, and for years has ranked among the foremost lawyers in this section of the state. To attempt to give an outline of his professional career — the important cases he has tried, his relations with the bench and bar for the last quarter of a century and more — would be to enter upon afield which the nature and limits of this work forbid. Nor is it necessarv ; for his life as a lawyer is written in the records of the courts, from the supreme judicial forum of the state to the circuit and minor tribunals of this and other counties, and with far greater justice to him, and the name he has made, than we could possibly hope to perform it. Suffice it, therefore, to say, that his reputation as an upright, conscientious practitioner is not less enviable thau his standing as an able, successful attorney. James W. Draffin was born in Albemarle county, Virginia, March 4th, 1830. His father, Thomas Draffin, and mother, whose maiden name was Mary Douglass, were also both natives of that state, where HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 873 they married and lived until James W. was about twelve years of age. Then, in 1836, they emigrated to Missouri, and settled on a farm in this county. Two years afterwards James W. entered Kemper's well known school in Boonville, in which he continued as a student two years, applying himself with great energy and diligence. His uncle, John Draffin, was at the time a prominent lawyer of Lawrenceburg, Kentucky, and thither young Draffin went on quitting Kemper's school in 1846, and there began the study of law under his uncle. He kept up his law studies with the latter until his admission to the bar in 1852. Returning then to Boonville he entered the law office of Judge Wash Adams as a student and young practitioner, where he remained two years, when he began the practice alone. His thorough preparatory course had well fitted him for the active duties of his profession, and he soon became known as one of the best posted young lawyers at the bar. This fact, together with his perfect re- liability, and the reputation he soon established as a good speaker, and zealous advocate, was not long in bringing him a lucrative prac- tice. Afterwards he was the partner, successively, of John Hennwig Esq., William Douglas, Esq., Hon. G. G. Vest, now United States senator, and W. D. Muir, Esq. With the last named gentleman he was associated a number of years, or until 1872, when Mr. Muir died. W. M. Williams, Esq., is his present partner. Mr. Draffin has never been the aspirant for office, preferring rather to give his whole time and study to the law. However, several official positions of minor importance, the duties of which did not interfere with his pro- fession, he was prevailed on to accept, which he filled with singular fidelity and ability. He was married in July, 1859, to Miss Louisa Tichenor, daughter of Samuel Tichenor, of Newark, New Jersey. They have eight children, David T., Edward, William M., Willington J., Whitlow M., Frank D., Martin T. and Mary. JOHN DURE,, dealer in saddles, harness, etc. Mr. Durr has a business in the above named line that would not suffer by comparison, either as to stock or trade, with any house in a city no larger than Boonville, in this State, and he has built it up by his own industry and enterprise. When twelve years of age, he came to this country from Germany, where he was born November 4, 1837, and disembarking in New York pushed on to Newark, New Jersey, in which place he worked in such em- ployment as he could get for about six or eight months. He then came west to Chicago and worked there about four months, going 874 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. thence to Louisville, where he learned the saddlery and harness makers' trade. He remained in Louisville working at his trade until 1856, when he came to St. Louis and thence to Boonville. He worked here for various parties until the spring of 1859, or nearly two years, at which time he opened a shop of his own, and his business has since steadily grown until it has attained to its present importance. At the beginning, however, he had a partner for a short time, and for five years he was city treasurer of Boonville. On the 28th of December, 1858, he was married to Miss Mary A. Sombart, originally of Ger- many. They had two children, John W. and Charles F. Mr. Durr is a member of the I. O. O. F. and of the A. O. U. W. His parents, John and Mary Durr, were both natives of Germany. SIDNEY H. EDSON, farmer, section 5. Mr. Edson's parents, Homer H. and Susan (Gobuyld) Edson, were originally of New York, but in an early day settled in Ohio — in Medina county of the last named state. Sid- ney H. Edson was born February 22, 1821. When he was about ten years of age, his parents removed to Coshocton county, the same state, where they remained about eight years, and then went to^ Tippe- canoe county, Indiana. There Sidney attained his majority, and in 1845 was married to Miss Margaret Nixon, a native of Ireland. He followed farming in Indiana until 1851, when he removed to St. Louis county, Missouri, and farmed there about four years. From St. Louis county he went to Texas in 1855, but stopping in the Lone Star state only a short time, he returned to Missouri and settled in Cooper county, near where he now resides. He has been very suc- cessful as a farmer and now has an excellent homestead of 335 acres. He has never sought to take any conspicuous part in public affairs, although he was called upon by the people of. the vicinity to serve them as school director, which he did to their entire satisfaction. Mr. and Mrs. Edson have eleven children, Mary, Homer, Henry, William, David, Louis, Maria, Albert, Margaret, James and John. COLONEL JOSEPH A. EPPSTEIN, postmaster. The wisdom and broad-minded statesmanship displayed by our government in opening the doors of this country to the people of all nations, with the guaranty of citizenship and equal rights to all who came, are eloquently vindicated by the lives of such men as Col- onel Eppstein. A foreigner by birth, and principally reared in a for- eign land, he came to this country over forty years ago, and has made HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 875 a record as a citizen and soldier which no American can read but with pride and satisfaction. As a citizen his life has been active, more than ordinarily useful, and above reproach ; and, as a soldier, he has distinguished himself in two of the great wars of the country by his zeal, courage and unfaltering patriotism. No man in Missouri during our late unfortunate civil strife was more active and successful in or- ganizing volunteers for the union than he. And in a struggle of un- exampled bitterness, which, judging by the crimes committed almost daily on both sides, often seemed to be waged more for revenge and plunder than for the principles involved, he so bore himself that he retained the confidence of all in his honor and integrity, and became widely known as an officer who would protect the lives and property of all law-abiding, peaceable citizens, whatever their predilections or sympathies. Joseph A. Eppstein was born in Germany January 1 , 1824. His father, whose name was also Joseph, was a prominent manufacturer of coaches and wagons in his native country, and also had other im- portant interests, including a fruit and vegetable farm, and a ferry across the Rhine. In 1840 he and his wife — previously Miss Barbara Keitz — together with their family of seven children, came to America, disembarking in this country at Baltimore. From there they came west by the Baltimore and Ohio railway as far as it ran — about 100 miles — after which they took the canal to Pittsburg, and thence came by the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to St. Louis. In St. Louis Mr. Eppstein, the father, left his family and came on up the river to Mon- iteau county, where he brought his family a month later and settled on a farm. There they lived until 1845, when they moved to Jeffer- son City, where the father died in 1846. However, prior to that, in 1844, Mr. Eppstein made a business trip to Germany and was absent nearly a year. Mrs. Eppstein survived her husband over thirty-five years, but died in Boonville in 1882. Joseph Eppstein, Jr., was the second of a family of eleven children, and was sixteen years of age when he came with his father's family to this country in 1840. Up to that time his youth had been employed in work- ing on his father's fruit and vegetable farm, on the ferry across the Rhine, and in attending school. After they came to this > country he remained with the family in Moniteau county until 1843, when he went to St. Louis and engaged as a porter in a store in that city, but was shortly promoted to a clerkship in the same house, which he filled until 1847. Then, in February of that year, he en- listed in company C, 3d Missouri mounted rifles, raised for the Mexican war, in which company he was made sergeant, and served for 876 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. nearly two years, or until in October, 1848. After the expiration of this service he returned to St. Louis and resumed his position in the same house he had previously worked for, and in August, 1849, was given charge of one of their stores, which he conducted until 1850, when he came to Boonville. Here he engaged in the mercantile busi- ness with his brother, Veit Eppsteiu, the firm being known as Eppstein & Brother. This firm continued until 1860, and he then became, by purchase of his brother's interest, sole proprietor. But when the war broke out in 1861 he was among the first to rally to the defence of the union. He at once organized a company of one hundred and thirty- five men, every one of whom, with a single exception, was a German. This company was known as the " Boonville corps." He then organ- ized a battalion and a company of cavalry, but these were only for local service. Subsequently he organized the 6th battallion Missouri state militia, and after that a number of companies, both cavalry and infantry. From March 24, 1862, until in January, 1863, he was lieutenant-colonel of the 13th cavalry, Missouri state militia, and then, by consolidation of troops, he became the commander of the 5th Missouri state militia, and served until the close of the war. During the war he organized over a half dozen different companies. After the war he resumed merchandising in Boonville, and followed that, either alone or with his brother, most of the time until 1878, when he was appointed postmaster, the position he has ever since held. However, in 1867 and in 1868, he represented the Boonville district of Cooper county in the Missouri legislature, and served about seven years as treasurer of Boonville. On the 14th of June, 1846, he was married to Miss Terressa Bertrand, of St. Louis, but of French parentage. They have seven children living: Joseph M., William H., Emil M., Louis B., Alexander, Charles A. and Terressa G. VEIT EPPSTEIN, public administrator, and dealer in dry goods, clothing, boots and shoes, hats and caps, notions, etc. It is thirty-three years since Mr. Eppstein established his present business in Boonville, and during all these years there has never been a time that he did not enjoy the con- / fidence of the entire community and a large share of their patronage. He has one of the leading houses in his line in the city, and carries a more than ordinarily large and well selected stock of goods. Hand- ling merchandise of the above named classes has constituted his occupation for life, and, therefore, he can buy and sell to better advantage both to himself and his customers thau those whose experi- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 877 ence has been comparatively limited. And it is largely due to this that his business career has been so successful, and at the same time so popular with those who deal with him He was born in Germany, February 15, 1828, and when thirteen years of age came to this coun- try with his parents Joseph and Barbara Eppstein, who settled in Cole, now a part of Moniteau county, Missouri, in 1840. Three years afterwards Veit came to Boonvilleand engaged as a clerk in the store of Bremmerman & Cuno, with whom he continued until 1846, when he went to St. Louis and clerked there one year. From St. Louis he was attracted to New Orleans, Louisiana, whence he went, and re- mained in that city until the summer of 1849. He then made a visit to the dear old Fatherland beyond the Ehine, where he tarried amon°- the scenes and associations of his boyhood days until the following summer, when he returned to Boouville, Missouri. Here the same year he and his brother, Colonel Joseph Eppstein, established the business in which Veit is now engaged. Since then they have to°-ether or singly conducted it without intermission until 1873, when Veit be- came the sole proprietor and has conducted it by himself ever since. He was married November 20, 1851, to Miss Fannie, daughter of Anthony Fox, who came to this county in 1835. They have seven children — Louisa, wife of David Woolridge ; Rosa, wife of George W. Sahm; Mary, wife of George Harris; Veit, Jr., Fannie, Sallie and Laura. Mr. Eppstein was public administrator from 1872 to 1876, and was re-elected in 1880, his present term to expire in 1884. He has been a member of the city council a number of times. In church connection Mr. Eppstein is a member of the Catholic church. COLONEL JOHN S. ELLIOTT, president of the Commercial bank. Among the prominent and suc- cessful business men of Cooper and Howard counties, none are more deserving of special notice, by reason of their personal worth or what they have accomplished in life, age considered, than Colonel John S. Elliott, now of Boonville. A son of the late Colonel Newton G. Elliott, of Howard county, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this work, he had the training both of the schools in youth and afterwards in practical affairs, in early manhood, to fit him to more- than an ordinary degree for a useful and honorable career. And his course •thus far has fully borne out the expectations his early opportunities inspired. Already his experience and success have been such as not only to prove him a man of superior abilities, but to give him promise of an exceptionally bright future. John S. Elliott was born in How- 57. 878 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ard county, Missouri, March 16, 1844, and was educated in Central college in Fayette. Subsequent to leaving college he became inter- ested with his father in the stock business, in which he continued until 1869, when he became the contractor of the Tebo and Neosho railroad company for the construction of the road from Moberly to Fayette, which he built, completing his contract in 1872. He still has the contract with the company — now the Missouri, Kansas and Texas, or Missouri Pacific — for furnishing that part of its line with ties, timber, etc. Both in the stock business and as a railroad contractor his excellent business qualifications, and his energy and good judgment were productive of the most gratifying results ; he was eminently suc- cessful in both ventures. In 1881 he engaged in the banking business in Boonville, becoming president of the banking house with which he is now connected, one of the strongest and most popular financial institutions in central Missouri. He is also president of the Boonville water works company, in which he is a large stockholder. Notwith- standing Colonel Elliott's, life has been one of great activity in business matters, he has also found time to give some attention to public affairs. An earnest democrat in politics, but the farthest removed from intol- erance or narrowness of political views, his disinterested and valuable services to his party are everywhere recognized, and while he desires no public office, prior to the last election he consented to become a member of the democratic central committee of this congressional dis. trict, a position he now holds. In 1881 he was appointed lieutenant- colonel and an aid-de-camp on Governor Crittenden's staff. Colonel Elliott is a Knight Templar in the Masonic order. On the 15th of November, 1882, he was married to Miss Laura Speed, an accom- plished and amiable young lady, daughter of the late William P. Speed, for many years one of the most prominent and highly esteemed citizens of Cooper county. W. B. ELLIOTT, of Moore & Elliott marble yards, cemetery fixtures, etc. Among the young business men of Boonville who have worked their way up without having had any means to begin with is Mr. Elliott, of the above named firm, who, in connection with Mr. Moore, has a large marble and cemetery fixtures shop, with a full supply of tombstones, monuments, iron railings, etc. His present business was established in 1880, and has already become one of the leading establishments in this line throughout the surrounding country. W. B. Elliott was born in Marion county, Kentucky, July 7, 1857, and his father, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 879 Berryman Elliott, and mother, whose maiden name was Nancy J. Prewitt, were also, both natives of that state. However, when W. B. was but three years of age his parents came to Missouri and settled in Howard county, where they lived nine years, with the exception of one year, during which they resided in Schuyler county. In 1869 they went to Boone county, where they still live, his father being a farmer by occupation. In youth W. B., the son, attended the com- mon schools and worked on the farm, but when twenty years of age, in 1877, went to Columbia and commenced to learn the marble cutting trade, and worked there nearly three years, after which he worked a while in Boonville, and then for a short time in Fulton, but returned to Boonville in 1880, and became a member of the present firm. January 5, 1881, he was married to Miss Nelia O. Cobb, of Columbia. They have one child, Mary E. Both are members of the Episcopal church. WILLIAM EDWARD EVANS, M. D. Those who achieve success in life without having bad the advan- tages of early opportunities are undoubtedly entitled to great credit, but those who, having such opportunities, prove themselves worthy of them hy making their lives a marked success, are entitled to not less respect ; for, unless one have the natural qualities to succeed, early advantages are of no avail, and if he have the qualities that win suc- cess, he would succeed whatever his early surroundings might be. The man, not the opportunities, as Franklin says, makes the success. Early advantages only aid him to accomplish that which he would accomplish sooner or later anyhow. Doctor Evans is one of this class of successful men. He had the advantage of comparatively early edu- cation, both general and medical, and his career, both as a physician and citizen, has been one of decided success. He is regarded as one of the most scientific physicians in Cooper county. His general edu- cation was acquired in the schools of Boone county and in the state university. Professionally he was graduated from the medical de- partment of the university of Virginia, in 1868, and afterwards, in 1869, he took the ad eundem degree in Bellevue hospital, New York. He was born in Boone county, Missouri, July 4, 1846. Thus, at the age of twenty-three, so far as general and technical education is con- cerned, he was one of the best qualified members of his profession in central Missouri. He at once entered actively into the practice, forming a partnership with Doctor Gr. W. Elliott, of Rocheport. He continued there until 1874, when he came to Boonville. Here his re- putation as an able and successful physician is so universally conceded 880 HISTOKT OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. that it is unnecessary to speak of it. Doctor Evans was married on the 23d of May, 1871, to .Miss Josie Grossman, an accomplished daughter of T. L. Grossman, a leading citizen of Boone county. They have one child, Clarence E. The doctor and his wife are both mem- bers of the M. E. church, and he is a prominent member of the A. F. and A. M., and of the A. O. U. W. Doctor Evans's father, Willis G., was a leading and worthy farmer of Boone county, and Mrs. Willis G. Evans, whose maiden name was Van Horn, was originally from Virginia. They reared a large family, and the doctor was the second child. He was reared in that county, and lived there until he came to Boonville. PETER J. FEANKEN, farmer, section 33. Mr. Franken is a native of Germany, and was born June 14, 1835. At the age of nineteen, in 1854, he started to this country with his parents, but his father, Irwin, died on the way. The remainder of the family came on and settled in Cooper county. Up to 1882, Peter J. lived in Clark's Fork township, this county, where he followed farming ; but that year he bought his present place of nearly 200 acres of good land and moved on to it, since which he has devoted himself to cultivating and improving his new home. He is an industrious farmer, aad possesses the qualities that can hardly fail to bring him abundant success in life — energy, frugality and good judgment. November 4, 1863, he was married to Miss Mary Lessuth. They have two children, Robert F. and Katie H. Mr. Franken is a member of the Catholic church, and is the present township road overseer. HENRY C. GIBSON, M. D., physician and surgeon. Dr. Gibson is the oldest practitioner of his profession as well as one of the ablest physicians in Boonville. He began the practice here in 1848, thirty-five years ago, and since that time, with but little interruption, has continued to visit the sick and relieve the suffering, wherever relief was not beyond the power of a skilled and faithful physician. Dr. Gibson's father, William Gibson, was a native of North Carolina, and came to this state with his parents when a youth, while it was still a territory. The family first settled near Potosi, but shortly afterwards moved to Cooper county, where William, after he reached manhood, married Miss Rhoda, daughter of Stephen Cole, formerly of Kentucky. Dr. Gibson was one of the family of children of this marriage. Mrs. Gibson died a number of HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 881 years afterwards, and her husband was married a second time. Henry C., now Dr. Gibson, was born in Cooper county August 25, 1825, and after remaining on his father's farm, where he attended the neigh- borhood schools, in 1843, when eighteen years of age, he began the study of medicine in Boonville under Dr. F. W. G. Thomas. He pursued his studies here until 1846, when he went to Lexington, Kentucky, and attended the Transylvania medical college during the session of 1846-47. He then entered the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, from which he was after- wards duly graduated. Eeturning thereupon to Boonville he at once entered actively upon the practice of his profession, and soon secured a lucrative practice, and established a wide reputation as an educated, successful physician. Devoted to medicine as a science, not less than to its practice, and desiring to keep up with the progress of the pro- fession as represented by the advancement of learning in the schools, as well as in experience, he went back to Philadelphia in 1852 and attended the university again, and also the Jefferson medical college of that city. Returning home in 1853, he has since made his profes- sion the sole object of his labor and study ; for, notwithstanding his practice occupies by far the greater share of his attention, he still takes time to study and keep up with the improvements in both the theory and practice. He was married January 11, 1856, to Miss Mittie Nelson, originally of Virginia, sister to James M. Nelson. She died in 1857, and fifteen years afterwards he again married, Mrs. Mary L. McCarthy, daughter of Caleb Jones, an early settler of this county, then becoming his wife. Of this union three children are living : Mary, Nannie J. and Martha S. The doctor is a prominent member of the A. F. and A. M. William Gibson's wife was a Mrs. Harris, daughter of Stephen Cole. BENJAMIN F. GIBSON, farmer. Stephen Cole, the maternal grandfather of Mr. Gibson, was one of the two first settlers with their families in Cooper county. William Gibson, the father- of Benjamin F., came to this county in an early day, and here married Miss Ehoda Cole, of which union there are now living two sons : Benjamin and an elder brother. Benjamin grew up on his father's farm, and received his education in Kemper's family school of Boonville. Farming has constituted his occupation through life, and he now owns an excellent farm of 505 acres, sub- stantially and comfortably improved. He has been twice married. His first wife, formerly Miss Emeline Adams, to whom he was mar- ried December 17, 1856, died March 13, 1859. She was a daughter 882 HISTOKY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. of Wm. M. Adams. He was married to his second wife September 4, 1860. Previous to her marriage she was a Miss Kittie Bennett, daughter of General Bennett, of Boone county. Of this union three children are living : Levi W., Mary M. and Rhoda K. His last wife was also taken from him by death. She passed away October 28, 1872. JOHN N. GOTT & SON, manufacturers of plug and smoking tobacco. To own and success- fully conduct a large tobacco manufactory, as is well known, requires no secondary order of business qualifications or small amount of means. The fact that Captain Gott & Son have one of the leading manufacturing establishments in this line in Central Missouri, and are conducting it with marked success, speaks enough, therefore, for their standing as capable and successful business men. And more than ordinary credit is due to Captain Gott, himself, for he started out in life without means or influential friends and has worked his way up by his own exertions and worth alone. He was born in Ionia county, Michigan, December 25, 1833, and was there reared and educated in the common schools. His parents, Charles and Maria Gott, were originally of New Jersey, but settled in Michigan in an early day. In 1856, John N. Gott came to St. Louis, secured a position in the wholesale hardware house of Wilson Bros. & Co., of that city, which he filled until the breaking out of the war. In 1861 he enlisted in the 33d Missouri infantry and served until the spring of 1866, rising by regular promotion to the rank of captain; his last commission, however, being received after his discharge, having been confirmed as a special mark of distinction for long and meritorious service. In 1866, he came to Boonville and engaged in the brick business, in which he continued two years, when he was appointed receiver of public moneys in the United States land office of this city. He filled this office five years with marked ability and entire satisfaction to the government, and in 1874 became book-keeper in the Central National bank of Boonville, discharging the duties of that position two years. He then occupied the position of book-keeper in Brew- ster & Hillard's tobacco factory, the manufacturing establishment he now owns and conducts. On the death of Mr. Brewster, he bought out the establishment to which he has since devoted his whole attention. This factory makes the famous " Lone Star " and "Boss" smoking tobacco, also the " Nancy " twist and plug, "A 1 " and the " Peach Juice." These goods have a wide reputation and the trade of the es- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 883 tablishment is rapidly increasing. On the 13th of November, 1859, he was married to Miss Angeline, daughter of Dr. Edward Lawton, of Boonville. They have two children, Charles P. and Henry H. Mr. Gott has held various minor official positions. EUGENE J. HALLER was born on December 7, 1848, at Schwenningen, A. N., in the king- dom of Wurtemberg, Germany, the oldest of four brothers now all in this country. He received a fair education at the public school in his home and by private teachers. It was his intention, as well as his father's wish, to prepare himself for a school teacher, but the death of his father in 1861, leaving Haller's mother with four small boys in not the very best of circumstances, prevented him from entering a seminary. In 1869, young Haller found employment in a notary's office, and in 1865, after an experience of three years, he became a salaried clerk, holding, up to 1868, several positions in lower civil offices and in the circuit court of Tuebiugen, to the full satisfaction of his employers. In 1868 his mother died and Haller concluded to em- igrate to the United States. He and one of his brothers, with others, left home on July 5, 1868, arriving at St. Louis, their point of destin- . ation, on August 8, 1868. Not finding suitable work there, Haller came, recommended by F. W. Ludwig, Esq., of Boonville, then a member of the board of immigration, to Boonville, on October 15, 1868, and was installed as " printer's devil " at the Waechler am Mis- souri office, a new German paper started only a few months previous, working there till 1873, when failing health and other circumstances caused his' withdrawal. Receiving an appointment as notary public, which has since been renewed repeatedly, he assisted F. W. Ludwig in his attorney and claim agency business. In the fall of 1874, the above mentioned paper became the property of said F. W. Ludwig, who changed its name to Central Missourier, and Haller was made foreman and assistant editor till October 15, 1877, when he bought the paper. He has been running it ever since as sole editor and pro- prietor very successfully. The paper has a large circulation, a good advertising and other patronage, is well supplied with types and presses, and compares favorably with any other German paper outside the large cities. It is published weekly ; size, 26 x 40 ; subscription price, $2 per annum. Mr. Haller can point with pride to his career ; be is one of our self-made men and his further success can not be doubted . 884 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. CAPT. GEORGE B. HAEPER, county treasurer of Cooper county. Captain Harper's life has been one of constant activity and industry, and few men have made their way in the world through so many years of vicissitudes and varying circumstances with less reproach. He was born near Petersburg, Virginia, August 16, 1826, and was the fifth of a family of eight chil- dren, reared by William H. T. Harper and wife, Sallie W., previously a Miss Moore. Both parents were of Dinwiddie county, Virginia, the county in which Petersburg is situated, and there the father died in 1832, and the mother in Missouri in 1857. In 1839, however, the family of children and their mother came to Missouri, and settled on a farm near Boonville. George B. was then thirteen years of age, and two years afterwards, having in the meantime acquired the rudiments of a good ordinary education, he began clerking for Hathaway & In- gram until 1845. He then became identified with the mercantile busi- ness in Miami, Missouri, but eight months afterwards was compelled to quit business on account of bad health. In 1847 he was able to return to store work, and clerked for a Glasgow firm a large part of that year, but in the fall went to New Orleans, Louisiana, and spent the following winter in the Crescent City. In the succeeding spring he came north, and travelled extensively on horseback through Illi- nois and Indiana, and thence south again through Kentucky to Nash- ville, Tennessee, and back to Columbus, Kentucky, and then returned home to Cooper county. After his return he resumed clerking in a store, and continued in that employment until 1849. He was twenty- three years old when the California gold excitement broke out, and had already travelled more than most old men of that day, but, not- withstanding he knew what the hardships of a traveller's life wero, he undertook the journey across the plains, and over the rugged heights of the Rocky mountains. He followed mining and other pur- suits on the Pacific coast about four years, or until 1853, and then returned to his old home again in Cooper county, where " The honest watch-dog greeted him with a welcome bark." In the following fall he and his brother engaged in merchandising in Ridge Prairie, Saline county, where they remained until 1856, when they sold out and came back to Boonville, and established the drug and book business now parried on by J. A. Howard, which they had charge of until 1861. However, in 1859, George B. became teller and book-keeper in the Boonville branch of the bank of St. Louis, but when, the war broke out he enlisted in company G, McCulloch's HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 885 regiment, Confederate service, and continued under the three-barred flag until the final surrender, having been captaiii of company G, 2d Missouri cavalry, a considerable 'time before the close of the war. After the restoration of peace he clerked in the commission house of Dameron & Bros., of St. Louis, for about three years, and then be- came cashier of a bank in Pleasant Hill, Missouri, in which he con- tinued until 1878. From that time until his election as county treas- urer of Cooper county, in 1880, he clerked in Boonville, and besides filling the office of county treasurer he is also assisstant book-keeper in the Central National bank of this city. The positions of private and public trust that Captain Harper holds among a people who have known him from boyhood, shows the character of man he is. Besides his spotless integrity, he is a man of superior business qualifications, and a gentleman in the best sense of the word. ANTHONY HAYNES, A. M., principal of Cooper Institute. Anthony Haynes was born in King and Queen's county, Virginia, January 12, 1836, and was a son of Anthony Haynes, Sr. , and wife, Lucinda, whose family name before her marriage was Randall. When Anthony, Jr., was in his infancy, his parents removed to Richmond, Virginia, and afterwards, in 1844, came to Missouri, and spent the ensuing winter in Dover, of this state. In the spring of 1845 they removed to St. Louis, for the purpose of educating their elder boys, and starting them in business. They re- mained there two years, after which they returned to Dover, leaving their two older sons established in business in St. Louis. From this time the family resided in Dover seven years, but during their resi- dence there the father died, and, in 1854, the widowed mother and the three remaining children removed to Columbia, in order that the children might avail themselves of the advantages afforded by the col- leges of that place. Anthony Haynes, the son, immediately entered the Missouri university as a student, where he remained four years, at the expiration of which he was graduated, July 4, 1857, with marked distinction. He then located in Georgetown, Missouri, and his mother with the two other children returned to Dover. In Sep- tember, 1857, he established the Georgetown Female Seminary, which he conducted with flattering success until interrupted by the civil war. While living in Georgetown, he was married September 10, 1861, to Miss Mary Montgomery, eldest daughter of Doctor T. J. Montgom- ery. On account of the unsettled condition of affairs in that section of the state during the war, and the virtual suppression of all kinds of 886 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. business, Professor Haynes, in the spring of 1863, removed to St. Louis, where he established Haynes' Female Academy, which he con- ducted for two years, having, at the*expiration of that time, eighty regular pupils. After the restoration of peace in 1865, he located in Lexington, Missouri, and, during his first year there, taught Haynes' Female Seminary, and the second year, Haynes' High School for boys and young men. In the summer of 1867 he was elected to the presi- dency of the Elizabeth Hull Female Seminary, and under his presidency that school reached a high point of prosperity. He was at the head of that institution three years, after which, owing to sickness in his family, he resigned and was succeeded by Rev. James A. Quarles. In 1870 he removed with his family to Boonville, and in the fall of the same year took charge of the Cooper institute, over which he has presided for thirteen years. He has become a permanent settler in Boonville, and established a permanent school, which maintains an average attendance of seventy-five students. He has now living seven children, all girls. Mr. Haynes has taken an active part for several years in the educational work of Missouri. While he has already been engaged in the private school, he has given much atten- tion and work to the furtherance of the interests of public education. He has taken a prominent stand with other educators of the state in this work, is an old member of the State Teachers' Association, and, at this writing, is the secretary of that body. He has been largely instrumental in the permanent establishment of a Teachers' Normal Institute in Cooper county, which has an annual attendance of seventy- five teachers. EMMETT R. HAYDEN, attorney at law. Mr. Hayden was born and reared in Cooper county. When a young man twenty years of age he was admitted to the bar, now thirty-six years ago. His opportunities to fit himself for the profession were excellent. In youth he had the advantages afforded by the schools of Boonville, then, as now, among the first in this part of the state. When he came to study law he had the constant inspection of his father, a prominent attorney of that day. Judge Adams, his uncle, also took a warm interest in his success. With these advantages and possessed of a naturally quick, active mind, it is not perhaps to be wondered at that he became qualified at so early an age to enter the most difficult and responsible of all the learned professions. Still it deserves to be set down greatly to his credit that he proved himself so worthy of his opportunities. And his career since has not disappointed the hopes his early years inspired. A man HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 887 of exceeding modesty, avoiding what weaker men look to as the only hope of success — notoriety — plain and unpretentious in manners, and in all that he does, while he has not attracted the attention that many have of far less merit, yet, among those whose opinions are worth the most, he is regarded as an exceptionally safe, sound lawyer. He belongs to that class who are lawyers for the love of the law as the great science of human rights and of justice among men, and not for gain or fame. In other words he is neither a business man nor a politician in the legal profession, but a lawyer alone. Emmett R. Hayden was born in Boonville, Missouri, January 8, 1827. His father, Peyton R., was a native of Bourbon county, Kentucky, but came to Missouri in 1817 and settled in Boonville in 1819. Mrs. Hayden, formerly Miss Maria Adams, was a daughter of John Adams, one of the early settlers of this county, and a sister to the late Judge Washington Adams, of the supreme court. Emmett R. was the fourth of a family of ten children, of whom four are now living. His father, born February 8, 1796, died in Boonville, December 26, 1855. His mother, born in this county, died February 4, 1875. They were married in the year 1819. As has been intimated, Emmett R. was reared in Boonville, and this city has continued to be home. Having been admitted to practice in 1847 he ranks as the oldest member now living of the Cooper county bar — the Nestor of the profession in this county. Ten years after his admission he wooed and won Miss Alice, the accomplished daughter of Judge Scott> of the supreme court. They were united in marriage, November 6, 1857. This union has been blessed with seven children ; Maria, William S., John B., Elizabeth, Alice, Emmett R. , Jr. and Mary O. REV. FATHER JOHN A. HOFFMANN was born in St. Louis county, Missouri, near the city of St. Louis, February 2, 1850. His parents, Peter Hoffmanu and wife, whose maiden name was Frances Ballweber, are both natives of Bavaria, Germany, but came to this country in 1846 and settled in St. Louis, where they reared a large family and now reside. When the son, now Rev. Father John A. Hoffmann, was a youth twelve years of age, he began to take private lessons in Latin and Greek, which he con- tinued for six months* and then became a student in the Christian Brothers' college, where, besides his classic studies, he entered upon a regular commercial course. There he remained until the fall of 1863, when he went to Milwaukee, Wis., and in the St. Frances De Sales seminary of that city pursued the regular curriculum of scho- / 888 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. lastic Studies, including Latin, Greek, English and German, prepara- tory to becoming a priest. He remained until the fall of 1869, when he returned to Missouri and took a course in philosophy in St. Vin- cent's college, located at Cape Girardeau. The following year he resumed his studies in the Milwaukee seminary of St. Frances De Sales, and December 29, 1872, was duly ordained a priest and was located in St. Louis until April 29, 1875, when he took charge of the church at Boonville, Missouri, where he has since continued. WAID HOWAED, M. D., physician and surgeon. The idea so common that'the successful and leading men in the professions are those who entered them in early manhood, finds a striking reputation so far as the medical profession is concerned, at least in the career of Dr. Howard. By the assent of all he is one of the most thorough and popular physicians in Cooper county, yet he had been merchandising up to his thirty-ninth year before he began the study of medicine, and was forty-two years old when he commenced practising. A man who can enter upon a new call- ing in life us he has, and upon one so difficult to master and so uncertain of success, and notwithstanding this place himself in the front rank of his profession, must be possessed of more than ordinary talents, as well as extraordinary energy and resolution. Yet such is the pro- fessional history of Dr. Howard in as plain language as it can be writ- ten. The chronological record of his life is as follows : He was born in Cooper county, Missouri, March 19, 1822. In youth he received a good, practical education in the ordinary schools of his native county. He grew up on a farm and followed that occupation until he was twenty-five years of age. Then he began merchandising at Gilroy, this county, moving subsequently to Tipton, Moniteau county, and fbllowed the mercantile business until 1861, or until he was thirty- nine years old. Resolving then to enter the medical profession, he determined to go about it in the most sensible, practical way, and therefore put himself under the immediate tutorship of one of the most scientific, able members of that calling who ever honored Mis- souri by their residence in this state — Dr. E. H. Gregory, of the St. Louis medical college. Dr. (then Mr.) Howard went to St. Louis in 1861, prosecuting his studies with unflagging energy until 1864, attending the above named medical college in the meantime, where he graduated with the most complimentary expressions from the faculty of the institution as to his qualifications and fitness of the work he was then to enter upon. And his career since has shown that these HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 889 assurances from those under whom he studied were not meaningless, empty compliments. After his graduation he went to Montana and practised his profession in Diamond City for a time, but the scenes aud associates of his old native county were too near to his heart for him to make his home among strangers. Accordingly, he returned to Cooper county and began the practice in the vicinity of Bunceton where he continued about ten years, and received a large and lucrative practice, establishing a wide reputation as a successful, scientific phy- sician. Fro^m there he came to Boonville, and here his name in the profession had already preceded him. Of his standing in this city it is unnecessary to speak, for all know that he ranks among the first physi- cians of the county. Dr. Howard has been twice married. His first wife was previously Miss Frances E. Smallwood. They were married April 2, 1846. She died, October 9, 1861. Of that union three children are now living: Frank J., Alice G., aud Matilda R. Six years afterwards. he was again married, Mrs. L. L. Oldham, nee Mc- Mahon, becoming his wife. The doctor aud his family are connected with the M. E. church south. P. L. HURT, M. D., physician and surgeon. Dr. Hurt began the practice of medicine in Lisbon, Howard county, in 1867, when a young man twenty-two years of age, since which he has been constantly and actively engaged in the practice, and has long enjoyed the reputation of a capable, suc- cessful physician. He remained at Lisbon a short time and then lo- cated in Arrow Rock, Saline county, but ten years ago came to Boonville, where he now enjoys an extensive and lucrative practice. He studied medicine under Dr. Scrogin, of Howard county, and after taking the regular course of Jefferson medical college, of Philadel- phia, was graduated from that institution in 1867. His father, Mar- tin C. Hurt, was a native of Kentucky, but came to Howard county with his parents in early "youth. After reaching manhood he was married to Miss Permelia Philpott, of Chariton county, and P. L., now Dr. Hurt, was born of this union August 26, 1845. The son was brought up on his father's farm, in Chariton county, and after taking the usual course in the common schools, entered Central col- lege, in Fayette, where he completed his education. JOHN H. HUTCHISON, deceased. Among the families who have been intimately and prominently identified with the industrial and business progress of Cooper county, 890 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. and with its social life, from the pioneer days of the country down to the present time, none are more entitled to mention in the pages of this volume than the one represented by the name which heads the present sketch — John H. Hutchison. He came to this country in the bloom and vigor of young manhood, away back when the smoke of the Indian wigwam was the most familiar sign of the presence of human habitations in the virgin wilderness. For nearly thirty years he bore a leading part in the great work of transforming the county from an almost trackless wild into one of the fairest portions of the state. And when he suddenly was cut off by the cholera in Califor- nia, where he had gone during the gold excitement on the Pacific coast, he left a worthy family to represent him in the continuation of the work here, with which he had been so long and usefully identified. Nor have his descendants proved unworthy of him, nor of the part they have borne in the material and social affairs of the county. John H. Hutchison was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, June 9, 1798, and was a son of William and Margaret Hutchison, old and highly respected residents of that county. In youth he received an ordinary, practical education in the neighborhood schools, and on attaining his majority, in 1819, came out to Missouri, making his home first in Howard county. On the 15th of August, 1822, he was married to Miss Sallie Moore, daughter of Major William Moore, of Palestine township, Cooper county, and the same year settled in that town- ship. Having been brought up to a farmer's life, he continued to fol- low this occupation with but slight interruptions until his death. As a farmer he was very successful, and he rose rapidly in the confidence and esteem of those around him. A man of the strictest integrity and of superior intelligence, he was very naturally called upon to serve the people in official positions. In 1832 he was elected to the office of sheriff, and filled that position until 1836. Such was the es- timate placed upon his character, qualifications and ability that he was then elected to represent the county in the state legislature, and in this high office he acquitted himself with marked honor, both to himself and his constituents. The family of Mr. Hutchison con- sisted of five daughters and three sons, viz. : Elmina A., Sarah Ardell, Mary Eliza, Nancy Jane, Martha E., William W., Walter R. and Leonard. Of these, all are now living, except Sarah A. (Mrs. Wil- liam P. Speed) and Leonard. The mother died August 29, 1849, and the following year the father, with his eldest son, went to California, where the father died of cholera on the 20th of the following Sep- tember. William W., the son, who accompanied him, was thus left HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 891 an orphan boy, but sixteen years of age, in the wilds of the Pacific coast, and without money or friends. But he battled bravely alone- among the miners and pioneers of that far-off country, in the days when the revolver and the bowie knife were the only effective laws of the land, and is now one of the leading stock men and mine proprie- tors of Arizona territory. His first visit to Missouri was only a year ago, returning to the land of his birth, which he had left in early youth, far advanced beyond the meridian of life. Walter R. Hutchi- son, the other surviving son, has been connected with the banking in- terests of Boonville for many years ; and the fact that he holds the responsible position of cashier of one of the leading banks of that city, is a sufficient proof of his standing as an efficient, capable bank officer. JAMES H. JOHNSTON, of Cosgrove & Johnson, attorneys at law. Those but little more than past the meridian of life can remember when the men who are now conspicuous in affairs — the leaders in business, in the professions, and in public life — were comparatively unknown, were, to use a well-worn phrase, " young men, obscure and inexperienced." But as the wheel of time moved round, they came up, and those that were ahead gave way, and finally passed out of sight. So, too, there are those among the young men of to-day who are destined to take the places of the leaders of the present time, to make for themselves names as honorable and as proud to bear as any now have, or have hitherto attained. And if we look around us iC is not difficult to point out those whose future promises to be among the brightest. Whoever has studied the lives of men who have attained to distinction can detect at a glance the signs in a young man, if there be any, of a life of future prominence and usefulness. Industry, integrity, a good mind, and an honorable ambition to rise in the world, are qualities that but seldom fail to take one, who possesses them, conspicuously to the front. And although Mr. Johnston is still comparatively a young man, these qualities in him have already given evidence that his career will prove no exception to the general rule. But sixteen years have elapsed since he became twenty-one years of age, the ex- perimental, youthful third of a man's active life ; yet he has already established himself as one of the leading young lawyers of this part of the state, has held the offices of prosecuting attorney through three consecutive terms, and has been warmly and strongly supported for the circuit judgeship. He would be a dull observer, indeed, who could not read the probable future of such a record. James H. John- 892 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ston was born and raised in Cooper county, his birth having been on the 20th day of January, 1848. His father, Hugh A., is also a native of this county, where he still resides ; but his mother, whose maiden name was Eleanor Ware, was originally from Tennessee. James H., after receiving a good, practical English education, at the age of eighteen began the study of law, in 1866, under Ewing & Smith, of Jefferson City, under whom he prosecuted his studies two years, and was then admitted to the bar in Cole county. Returning thereupon to Boonville, in association with D. W. Ware he entered actively upon the practice of his profession. His partnership with Mr. Ware lasted three years, after which he continued to practise alone until 1882, when he became associated with Hon. John Cosgrove, present member of Congress, as a partner. As a lawyer Mr. Johnston is well grounded in the elementary principles of the law, and well up in the decisions of the supreme court of this state and of the other tribunals of last resort; in the practice he is careful, painstaking and methodical, and in the management of causes in court is self-possessed, clear-headed and quick to see and take an advantage when not inconsistent with professional ethics. As a speaker he is auimated and not unfre- queutly eloquent to a rare degree, yet never illogical and always true in argument to his theory of the case. His success as a practitioner is well known. He was city attorney of Boonville in 1873, and prosecuting attorney of Cooper county from 1874 to 1880, six years. In 1878 the Cooper county delegation in the judicial convention (democratic) enthusiastically supported him for 'circuit judge, but he withdrew his name from before the convention. In 1872 Mr. John- ston was united in marriage to Miss Mary, daughter of Rev. Avon D. Corbyn, formerly of this city. They have four children : Jennie C, Lizzie E., Kelley R. and Mary J. Mr. J. is a member of the I. 0. O. F. and of the A. O. U. W. T. A. JOHNSTON. This gentleman is the principal of the old and widely known Kemper family school. The Johnston family, which is well repre- sented in Cooper county, and in various parts of the United States and Scotland, is very ancient. General Joseph E. Johnston, of Vir- ginia, one of its most honored members, has furnished to the subject of this article the following account of its origin and outline of its history : — " The founder of the family was a Norman, who, in the time of William the Conqueror, or soon after, settled in Scotland, in Dum- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 893 frieshire, in the valley of the river Annan. His descendants were heads of a powerful clan prominent in the border wars. The parish called Johnstowne gave the name — it constituting the estate of the Norman above named, who, in French fashion, called himself de Johnstowne, or Johnstoune. Tbe u was soon dropped, making Johnstone. De was afterwards dropped, as was done in Norman names all over England. The e was dropped in accordance with En- glish custom, but has been restored in Annandale in recent years. The ascension of James VI, of Scotland, to the English crown, which terminated the border wars and the practice of the border clans of subsisting by plunder, compelled most of the Johnstons to quit An- nandale. Many went to Edinburgh ; some to the north of Ireland." From the north of Ireland Gavin Johnston came to the United States and settled in Pennsylvania before the revolutionary war where he was killed by Indians. His family removed to the vi- cinity of Camden, North Carolina. From there, after the close of the war of independence, Alexander Johnston removed to the vicinity of McMinnville, Tennessee. After his death, and immediately after the second war with Great Britain, in 1817, his sons Robert, James and Alexander removed to this county, where they and many of their de- scendants have lived ever since. Mr. Johnston's father is John B. Johnston, the son of the above named Alexander. He has lived, since he became of age, continuously on a farm adjoining the one settled by his father when he first came to the county. On this farm the sub- ject of this sketch was born and reared. While he was still a boy the civil war broke out, in which he engaged for a short time near the close, on the side of the south. After the close of the war he ad- dressed himself to the business of completing his education. Having attended the Prairie Home institute for two sessions, he entered the Kemper school as a student in 1867 and graduated in 1869, doing also the last year's additional work as tutor in the school. During the next two years he retained the position of tutor, pursuing at the same time an advanced course of study. In 1871 he entered the state university and graduated in one year with the honors of the class. He immediately returned to take the position of associate principal in the Kemper school, with the expectation of making that his life work. In that work he has continued. In 1877 he was married to Miss Carrie Bea, of Saline county, daughter of the Beverend P. G. Rea, of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. In 1881, on the death of Pro- fessor F. T. Kemper, with whom he was associated, he succeeded to the principalship of the Kemper family school. This position he has held ever since. 58 894 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND "COOPER COUNTIES. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN JONES, dealer in lumber and contractor and builder. Mr. Jones, a leading lumber dealer, and builder aud contractor, of Boonville, has followed bis occupation here for nearly twenty-five years, and has been engaged in the lumber business since 1866. He began in the world without a dollar, and by industry and good management has succeeded in placing himself in easy circumstances. He was born in Merrimac county, New Hampshire, September 10, 1828, and was a son of Na- thaniel and Ithoda Whittier Jones, both natives of that state. His father was a farmer by occupation, and to that calling Benjamin was brought up, which he followed with his father until he was nineteen years of age. He then went to Abbington, Massachusetts, where he learned the carpenter's trade under Ira Floyd, working there two years. From there he went to each of the following named places, working at his trade in each place, viz. : Lawrence, Massachusetts ; thence to Glover, Vermont ; thence to Beaver Dam, Wisconsin ; thence to Hast- ings, Minnesota, and thence to Boonville, Missouri, in 1859, where he has since lived. During the war Mr. Jones served one year in the home guards, or militia. He was married to Miss Mary Frost, of Glover, Vermont. They have two children, George A. and Herbert H. Mr. Jones has served two terms as a member of the city council, and is a member of the I. O. O. F. He is a thorough mechanic, a capable, enterprising business man, and an upright, honorable cit- izen. FREDERICK T. KEMPER. This eminent educator was born in Virginia in 1816, and died in Boonville March 9, 1881. His family is of German descent, and has long been prominent in Virginia. Ex-Governor Kemper, of that state, is his brother. Mr. Kemper came to this state at an early age, and completed his education at Marion college, near Palmyra. In 1844 he came to Boonville and founded the successful and famous school which bears his name. In 1854 he married Miss Susan H. Taylor, of Hinsdale, New Hampshire, who, with four children, Grace, Stella R., Susan A. and Mary G., survive him. In every relation in which Mr. Kemper came in contact with men, his influence was a commanding one. Especially was this true of his work as an educator. His con- ception of the nature and magnitude of the work went far beyond any of his compeers. With him it was no flimsy imparting of antiquated or useless knowledge, but the starting into orderly activity of every power, physical, intellectual, or moral, which the student possessed; HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 895 not a laying up of stores, useful or useless, but a marshalling and de- veloping of powers, which, when once fitted for use, can achieve for their possessor whatever may be useful or desirable. This being the end proposed, his methods were perfectly adapted to it, and wonder- fully successful in securing the anticipated results. Men of affairs in every part of the country point back to the period spent in his school- room as the time when they first received sharp impressions, definite bias, and that impetus which enabled them to meet successfully the problems of life. As his conception of education was beyond the or- dinary understanding, so his methods were frequently misunderstood, but the best proof of their truth and value lies in the fact that they have lived down all opposition, and still flourish in unimpaired vigor. And yet, while his educational views were different from the common, no one valued scholarship more highly than he, or was more fully im- bued with its spirit. From his earliest youth he was a student, and kept up the habit to the end of his life. In its best form scholarship has two phases. At first the mind looks out upon the beautiful order of nature and, seized with curiosity, begins to acquire ideas. With the acquisition the habit grows. Gathering from every source, it does not rest till all the fields of thought have been visited, and their fruits brought into its treasure house. But the process does not stop there. The mind, fed and strengthened by its acquisition, becomes an origi- nator itself. So it was with Mr. Kemper. His mind travelled with ease in all paths of knowledge, and ju»t as the traveller at first, care- fully trying his way along an unknown road by direction and guide- book, can at last discard all such helps, for the goal is reached, and he walks no longer by faith, but by sight ; so he rose grandly to the heights of original thought and investigation, discarding the imperfect systems and methods of meaner men. He was equally great in other points of character where he was less tried. In the family, the church, society, as a citizen, he was equally influential and useful ; so that at all points society, and especially the youth, was profited by his life and bereaved by his death. OBERON A. KUECKELHAN, farmer and stock raiser. One of the most prominent and successful farmers and stock raisers of Cooper county is the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. His farm contains nearly three-quarters of a section of fine laud, aud is handsomely improved and kept in excellent condition. It is situated about six miles from Boonville, and ap- proached from that city is one of the best appearing places throughout 896 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. the surrounding country. Mr. Kueckelhan is an educated, progres- sive and enterprising farmer, and " Aut Ocesar, aut nullus" is his motto as an agriculturist. He is a native of Cooper county, and has spent his whole life thus far in the county of his nativity, except while absent temporarily on business. His father, Dr. A. Kueckelhan, whose sketch appears elsewhere, is a well known and highly esteemed citizen of this county, now a resident of Lamine township. Mr. Kueckelhan was born in Boonville June 1, 1841, and was reared there up to his twelfth year, when his father located on a farm, where the son grew to majority. He had the advantages of good schools in youth, and received an excellent education. Having formed an ardent admiration for the honorable and independent life of a farmer, he adopted that as his calling, and has since followed it with great zeal and success. Settling down permanently on his present farm, he went to work with a determination to make it one of the best farms in the county, and he has not failed in his purpose. In November, 1862, he was married to Miss Lucy Wing, of this county. She died December 11, 1873, leaving him four children : William K.,. Annette W., Lucy M. and Oberon A. He was married a second time the 19th of July, 1877, Miss Lucy A. Williams then becoming his wife. She was born Decem- ber 7, 1856. Minnie and Wade H. H. are the children by this union. A trip across the plains and a stay in Texas awhile during the war are his only important absences from the county. Mr. and Mrs. Kueckel- han are both church members. DK. J. T. McCLANAHAN, physician and druggist. On both his father's and mother's sides Dr. McClanahan comes of families of physicians. His father, Dr. Finis McClanahan, is one of the oldest practitioners in this section of the state, and is now practising in Tipton, His mother's father, Dr. John Gray, was for many years one of the leading physicians of Cooper county. The grandfather of Dr. J. T., Lacy McClanahan, settled in this county from Tennessee prior to 1820, and here Dr. Finis McClan- ahan subsequently mai-ried. His wife before her marriage, was Miss Dicy, daughter of Dr. Gray, who came from Kentucky to this county in 1840, but was originally from North Carolina. Dr. J. T., the sub- ject of this sketch, was born July 6, 1853, and the following year his parents moved to Tipton, Moniteau county, where the son was reared and educated. Coming of an ancestry of physicians, both paternal and maternal, it is not surprising that he also became a physician. He read medicine under his father for a number of years, and then attended HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 897 the Eclectic Medical college of Cincinnati, from which he graduated in 1874. After his graduation he located in Boonville, where he has since lived and practised his profession. In 1882 he engaged in the drug business, which he still conducts in addition to his practice. He was married April 23, 1874, to Miss Amanda Hagan, of Moniteau county. They have two children : Owen and Hattie. Dr. McClena- han is a member of the A. O. U. W. MILTON McCOY, D. D. S., dental office. One of the best class of citizens of Boonville, who has achieved success in his profession without having had the advantage of early opportunities, is Dr. McCoy. He began the active duties of life in the later years of his youth by learning the blacksmith trade, which he followed until he was twenty-two years of age. However, prior to that he had attended the schools of his neighborhood, and while work- ing at his trade applied himself, during his spare time, to his books, so that he succeeded in acquiring a good practical English education. When in his twenty-second year he commenced the study of medicine, which profession he afterwards practised for over fifteen years. He then made a special study of dentistry, becoming a graduate in that profession, to which he has devoted himself for the last twenty years, having long occupied a position as one of the leading dentists of cen- tral Missouri. Dr. McCoy was born in Kanawha county, West Vir- ginia, January 24, 1824, and was the seventh of a family of eleven children. His father, Samuel McCoy, was a native of Charlottes- ville, Virginia, but when a boy went to Kentucky, where he grew up and married Miss Elizabeth Graves, and subsequently moved to West Virginia. There the family was reared, and there Samuel McCoy, the father, died in 1860, but Mrs. McCoy survived her husband until 1878. Milton, now Dr. McCoy, lived in West Virginia until 1853, when, having studied medicine and practised that profession some years in his native state, he came to Missouri and located at Tipton, Moniteau county, continuing his practice there until 1863, when he adopted dentistry as his specialty. In 1863 he graduated from the Missouri dental college with marked distinction, and has established for himself a wide reputation as a scientific successful dentist. For the last twenty years he has resided in Boonville, where he has kept his office and continued his practice. On the 8th of April, 1852, he was mar- ried to Miss Joanna Craig, of Putnam county, West Virginia. Ten years afterwards, however, she was taken from him by death, leaving him rive children, three now living : John C, Mattie K. and Bettie J. 898 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. On the 5th of November, 1863, he was again married, Mrs. Martha C. Walters, nee Kinney, originally of Pennsylvania, becoming his second wife. The doctor and his wife are both members of the church, he of the Baptist and she of the Presbyterian. He is also a member of the I. O. G. T. His son graduated in the Missouri dental college in 1875, since which they have been practising together. TRUMAN W. McFARLAND, farmer, section 18. In 1818 Jacob McFarland settled in the same neighborhood and near where Truman, his grandson, now lives. The grandfather came from Haywood county, North Carolina, where he was born and reared two years before settling in this county, and first located in St. Genevieve county, of this state. He was born in North Carolina, in 1772, and had been twice married before migrating west, his second wife, the grandmother of Truman, having been, before her marriage, a Miss Nancy Cathy, of that state. He died here October 13, 1846 ; she, in 1870. Reuben, the father of Truman, was born twelve years before his parents left the Old North State, October 17, 1804, and was therefore a youth of fourteen when they settled in this county. Here, after he attained his majority, -he was married , January 17, 1828, to Miss Unice Rice, also originally of North Carolina. They had a family of six children, of whom Tru- man was the youngest, he being born February 12, 1841. The mother died here December 24, 1874, her husband surviving her about seven years, dying January 26, 1882. Both grandfather and father were successful farmers, and highly respected citizens. Tru- man grew up on the place where he was born and still lives, and February 12, 1866, was married to Miss Vina, daughter of Finis E. Wear, of this county. They have had a family of four children, but three of whom are living. The following are the names of their children: Mary E., Elizabeth E., Mettie R. and Hattie M. Mr. McFarland has spent his whole life on the homestead where he now lives, except from 1868 to 1875, during which he resided in Henry county, this state. His farm contains over half a section pf land, and is well improved. Like his father and grandfather he is an enter- prising, successful farmer, and a worthy excellent citizen. He has long been a member of the Presbyterian church. JAMES C. MACURDY, proprietor of Macurdy's art gallery and photograph parlors. Among the men of Cooper county who have risen to prominence and success J.C.Macurdy, Photographer, Boonville Mo. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 899 in their respective callings, Mr. Macurdy occupies a conspicuous posi- tion. Early in life he devoted himself to photography, and for over twenty-five years has pursued this art with an energy and intelligence that could hardly have failed of placing him among the most promi- nent and successful representatives of his calling throughout the country. He was born in Kinsman, Trumbull county, Ohio, January 27, 1837, and was a son of John W. and Catherine (Mathews) Ma- curdy, the father a native of Pennsylvania, and the mother born and reared in Ohio. John W. Macurdy was a leading and well-to-do dairy farmer of Trumbull county, and died there, February 14, 1882. His wife still survives him and lives in -that county. James C. was brought up to his father's occupation, and in youth received a gdod ordinary English education in the public schools. At an early age he evinced a taste for the artist's calling, and us he grew up this inclina- tion strengthened into a fixed purpose to devote himself to it. Accordingly, on attaining his majority, he turned his attention to portrait and landscape photography, and rapidly rose to a high posi- tion in his profession. Such was his reputation when the war broke out that he was engaged by the government to accompany the army as an official photographer. He continued in this commission until the close of the war, when he located at Oil City, Pennsylvania, where he remained for two years. In 1868 he came to Boonville, Missouri. Here he has achieved the most signal success. One of the best artists in the state when he came to this city, the fact soon became gener- ally known by the character of work he did, and his reputation rapidly and widely extended. His patronage steadily increased, and he soon commanded a business that would compare favorably with that of the better class of galleries in larger cities. Nor has he sim- ply proven himself a thorough and eminently successful photographer. In professional enterprise and artistic taste he has shown a high order of ability and culture. Recently he has erected a handsome art gallery and photograph building, which for size, beauty of appear- ance and elegance of finish is not surpassed in the state, and will com- pare favorably with the finest structures of the kind in the whole country. From its spacious and superbly appointed entrance room on the first floor, to the handsome sky-light apartment above, includ- ing a suite of elegant and richly furnished parlors, it is a perfect triumph of art, beauty and good taste. Certainly the citizens of Boonville owe to the enterprise of Mr. Macurdy no ordinary debt of gratitude for this handsome ornament to their city. If others would show the same degree of ability and enterprise in their respective 900 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. callings, Boonville could justly claim to be one of the most beautiful cities in the country. On the 1st of June, 1871, Mr. Macurdy was married to Miss Bettie C, daughter of John Holt, Esq., of Callaway county, Missouri, originally from Halifax county, Virginia. They have a family of two children, Ward and Elgie. MEIERHOFFER BROTHERS, cooper manufactory. Frank and Charles Meierhoffer, aged re- spectively twenty-six and twenty-four, own and control one of the largest coopering establishments, if not the very largest, west of St. Louis, which they have built up from nothing as original capital, except their own industry and enterprise. Their present business was established in 1878, having at that time only a small shop. In five years, however, so rapid has been their success, that they now work from eighteen to forty hands, and their former shop building has been succeeded by a large house, seventy by twenty-four feet, and three stories high. They ship barrels, etc., extensively to western markets, and their trade is increasing almost daily. Such men as these are of incalculable value to Boonville, for, besides the large number of families that look to employment under them for support, thousands of dollars are sent here for the products of this factory, which enter into the wealth, and contribute to the prosperity of the place. Both brothers learned the cooper's trade under their father, Jacob Meier- hoffer, who followed the occupation in Boonville, together with turning and model making for many years. He was a native of Switzerland, but came to this country in 1852, a short time after which he located in Boonville. The elder brother, Frank, was born in this city, Feb- ruary 7th, 1857, and the younger, Charles, August 4th, 1859. Both had the advantages in youth afforded by the common schools of Boon- ville, and acquired the rudiments of a good, ordinary education. Charles Meierhoffer was married September 13, 1881, to Miss Hattie D. Nichol, of Palmyra, Missouri. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias. Aside from coopering they also deal largely in sand, lime and plasterers' hair. Frank married Rebecca Lahrmann, of Lawrence, Kansas, in 1882 ; she was born in Boonville. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. D. D. MILES, M. D., homcepathic physician and surgeon. In the homcepathic practice, Dr. Miles is second to no physician in the county. His general education is thorough, and his professional education was acquired in the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 901 Homeopathic College of New York and in Bellevue hospital. His experience has been extensive and successful, and his reputation is well established. He was born in Miami county, Ohio, October 8, 1830. His father, Dr. David Miles, was a native of South Carolina, but lived in Ohio from an early period. His mother, whose maiden name was Susanna Dibra, was originally from Germany, but was reared in this county. They raised a family of six children, of whom Dr. D. D. was the eldest. Dr. D. D. was brought up in his native county. After attending private schools in early youth, he entered Earlham college, at Richmond, Indiana, one of the principal Quaker institutions of the country, where he remained as a student three years. While in college his father moved to Wabash county, Indiana, and on leaving college in 1852, went to that place and began the study of medicine under his father, who was a prominent practitioner and had a large medical library. He continued the study for two years, applying himself with great energy, and, having had the ad- vantage of constant instruction from his father, at the expiration of that time he entered into the active practice of his profession. He continued the practice until 1862, when he went to New York and entered Bellevue hospital as a student, remaining there one term. Returning to Wabash county, Indiana, he and Dr. S. D. Jones, his brother-in-law, established the Rural Home Water Cure. Afterwards, in 1863, he went back to New York and entered the Hygo Thera- peutic college, from which he was subsequently duly graduated. After his graduation he became the physician in charge of the Knightstown Springs, Indiana, continuing there through the summer. He practised the following year in Wabash county, and in the fall of 1865 came to Boonville, where he has since lived and practised his profession. Here he has had charge of the health office for five years, and was medical examiner for the United States pension office an equal length of time, and until he resigned the position. He takes a deep interest in educational affairs, and has been president of the school board of the city for two years. In all matters relating to the general good he is public spirited and active. Dr. Miles was married in 1855 to Miss Mary Jones, originally of Montgomery county, Ohio. They have six children : Stephen E., now a physician, located at Holden, Missouri ; William, now of New York city, and one of the leading telegraph operators of the country ; Oscar, now attending Earlham college, and Misses Ellen and Leonore, both at home. Resolved to keep up with the progress of his profession, Dr. Miles attended the Homeopathic Medical college, of Chicago, in 1881-2, from which he was graduated with distinction. 902 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER CODNTIES. RETURN L. MOORE, general agent for the Missouri Pacific and the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railways ; also of Moore & Elliott's marble works, etc. Mr. Moore's business career dates back only seven years, and these have been the early experimental years of his business life, for he is still but twenty-eight years of age, yet he has already made an enviable record as a successful, progressive business man. His father, Charles F. Moore, is a substantial, enterprising farmer of this county, and here R. L. was born, June 22d, 1855. He was raised on his father's farm, dividing his time in youth between farm employments and attending the schools of the neighborhood. A country bringing-up had the effect upon him to implant within him the qualities so essential to success in life — steady, industrious habits, and a wholesome, provident manner of living. As he neared the approaching years of early manhood, he naturally began to cast about for an occupation for life, and, being of an enterprising, aspiring disposition, determined to devote himself to business pursuits. Recognizing the importance, indeed, the necessity, of a good education to a successful business career, he resolved to provide himself with that qualification first, and accordingly began a course in the William Jewell college, which he continued until he had acquired an excellent English education. After leaving college, in 1876, he engaged in the grain business in Boon- ville, and followed that line of trade for two years, until he was appointed to an official position in the Missouri, Kansas and Texas rail- way office. In December, 1880, he was appointed chief clerk in the Missouri Pacific railway office, and in a short time was made agent and operator of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas office, in which he also acted as clerk. These positions he filled until he became general agent for both roads in this city, the duties of which he is now dis- charging. Full of industry and enterprise, he has not contented himself with the labors and responsibilities of a single line of duties, but has also given his attention to other business interests, among which is his partnership interest in the marble works firm of Moore & Elliott, mentioned in Mr. Elliott's sketch. In March, 1880, he was married to Miss Myra Burnett, of this county, and they have two children, Irving C. aud Wilbur M. Mr. Moore is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. JOHN P. NEEF, dealer in books, stationary, etc. The general book-store business is conceded to be one of the most difficult to master, and, at the same HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 903 time, one of the most uncertain of success of all the various lines of trade. To understand it one must have, in addition to the informa- tion necessary in ordinary commercial pursuits, at least, some general knowledge of literature, and this cannot be acquired in a day or a year. And it is peculiarly uncertain of success because popular taste with regard to books is so varying ; and of all the dead stocks a merchant can have, a stock of books not in demand is by all odds the deadest, so far as realizing anything on them in an emergency is concerned. But notwithstanding these well-known features of the business, and other drawbacks far greater than these, Mr. Neef has built up a thoroughly successful book-store, and in addition to this has performed a service to the community that would be hard to over-estimate — has estab- lished a large circulating library, from which hundreds of volumes are constantly going on their missions of educating, elevating and refining the people. His book-store, including the stationery department, is , one of the finest in Boonville, or among those of the surrounding country ; and his circulating library contains over 600 volumes of standard works. Such is the business of the man to-day who, at the age of twenty-one and as late as 1854, apprenticed mselhif in the bar- ber's trade and worked at it until 1866 — a citizen eminently respected by all for his business ability, intelligence, public spirit and un- questioned integrity. J. P. Neef was born in Germany, December 7, 1833, and in youth had the advantages afforded by the ordinary schools of his native country until he became fourteen years of age, when his parents came to this country, bringing him and his brother, now deceased, their only two children. His father, J. G. Neef, was a farmer by occupation, and having settled in Cooper county on com- ing to America, followed that industry here until his death, which occurred in 1854. Mrs. Neef, whose maiden name was Catherine M. Schaeffer, survived her husband nearly twenty years, the date of her demise being as late as 1872. J. P. followed farming with his father until he was eighteen years of age, after which he clerked in different ill) stores until he was twenty-one, when he began to learn the barber s trade in St. Louis. He acquired that occupation, and afterwards worked at it in Boonville from 1857 to 1866. He then began the grocery business combined with notions, and gradually turned it into his present book and stationery store. He commenced his circulating library in 1868, which has steadily grown to its present importance, and is still increasing. Patience, industry, economy and close atten- tion to business, together with an honorable ambition to advance him- self iu the world, have brought him to his present enviable position as 904 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. a business man and citizen. He was married November 3, 1858, to Miss Caroline Fuchs, originally of Germany also, but who came to this country when about eighteen years of age. Mr. Neef is a mem- ber of the Lutheran Evangelical church and of the I. O. O. F. JAMES M. NELSON, president Central National bank. For many years Mr. Nelson has been prominently identified with the more important material and other interests of Cooper county. From 1840 to 1860 he was one of its leading farmers, and during the last decade of that period he also be- came interested in banking and other business enterprises, since which time he has occupied a conspicuous position among the foremost busi- ness men of Boonville and the surrounding country. His life has been one of great activity, and regulated as it is by unimpeachable integrity and good management, the usual results — ample means and the re- spect and confidence of all who know him — have naturally followed. Not only do such men perform a duty they owe to themselves and their families, but they are of invaluable service to the community in which they live, for the prosperity of every section of the country de- pends upon the prosperity of its individual citizens ; and if each one proves worthy of success in life, supplies himself by honest exertions with an ample competence, the community invariably becomes a pros- perous one. Such are the men that build up countries, make great and prosperous states. James M. Nelson was born in Fauquier county, Virginia, June 16, 1816. His parents were both of the same county, and there reared their family, where they subsequently died, George Nelson, the father, in April, 1860, and his wife, Elizabeth, whose family name was originally Porter, in September, 1870. James M. was the eldest of ten children reared to majority, and he grew up to his sixteenth year in his native county ; but in 1832 went to Rappahan- nock county, and followed clerking in a business house in Amissville about three years. He then returned and attended school for two yeais, thus greatly advancing and improving his education. Follow- ing this, in 1837, he went to Copiah county, Mississippi, where he remained a short period, but not finding that as favorable a locality for a young man to succeed as he hoped, he then came to Missouri, and stopped first in Howard county, but shortly afterwards made Cooper county his permanent home. Locating in this county in the spring of 1840, he at once engaged in farming about two miles west of Boon- ville, and continued in that occupation, as above stated, about twenty years, being rewarded with abundant success. In 1858 he, Dr. W. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 905 H. Trigg and others organized the banking firm of W. H. Trigg & Co., in which he remained until 1861. However he was president of the Boonville branch of the bank of St. Louis, Missouri, from its organization until its re-consolidation with the St. Louis principal bank. Afterwards, when the Central National bank was organized he became its vice-president, and so remained until 1881, when he was elected president, the position he now holds. He is now also one of the direct- ors of the St. Louis National bank and has been since its organization. Besides his farming and banking interests he has been prominently identified with other important business and public enterprises, among which he was president of the Osage valley railroad and also of the Cooper countv agricultural fair association. He was married to Mrs. Margaret Kussell, whose maiden name was Wyam, a widow lady, and they have been blessed with four children: Lewis C, Nadine, Arthur and Maggie. JOHN OTTEN, with William Johnson, clothier and merchant tailor. From boyhood, nearly forty-five years, Mr. Otten has been engaged in the clothing and merchant tailoring business, either as proprietor or clerk, and he is recognized as one of the best posted men in these lines in central Missouri. He was born in Hanover, Germany, April 12, 1828, and was the eldest of a family of four children reared by Henry Otten and wife, previously Miss Mary A. Dohrman, both natives of that country. When John Otten was a boy eleven years of age his parents came to this country, bringing their family, and after spend- ing eighteen months in St. Louis, young Otten came to Boonville and engaged in the tailor's trade with C. H. Dohrman, with whom he con- tinued until Mr. Dohrman's death, about two years and a half after- wards. He then took charge of the business himself, and conducted it until 1850, when he went to Fayette, Howard county, and engaged in the same line of business. But about one year afterwards he had an advantageous partnership offered him with Mr. Millinbrook, of Boonville, which he accepted, and this firm carried on the clothing and merchant tailoring busiuess nearly three years, when Mr. Otten became established in business alone, and so continued until 1854. That year, however, he sold out and accepted a clerical position, and since 1855 has been continuously engaged in clerking in his chosen calling until the present time. January 19, 1849, he was married to Miss Johanna Wertman, originally from Germany, and they have four children : Hannah, Mary, Frank W. and Sophia. Mr. O. is a 906 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. member of the M. E. church, and was a member of the city council in 1845. Mr. O.'s father died in 1877, but his mother is still living. JAMES Q. RAGLAND, of Smith & Ragland, livery. The above named firm, of which Mr. Ragland is a member, succeeded Whitelow & Shimer in business iu March, 1882, and now carry on one of the best and most complete livery establishments in Boonville. Their building is large and well constructed, and they have forty head of horses and over twenty different vehicles, both their live stock and rollins; stock being: of the best quality, and everything is kept in the best of order. James Rag- land is a native of Boonville, and was born February 5, 1854. His father, William N. Ragland, was originally of Virginia, but came to this county in 1843, and here he lived until his death, which occurred March 10, 1867. Mrs. Riigland, James' mother, whose name before her marriage was Miss Bettie Quarles, was also from the Old Domin- ion, and is still living in Columbia at an advanced age. James was brought up in Boonville and was educated in Kemper's well known family school. In 1874, then twenty years of age, he engaged in farming in this county, in which he continued until he became a part- ner in his present business. Besides his livery business, he is also largely interested in farming, he and his brother now being the owners of 1,000 acres of good land. December 19, 1876, he was married to Miss Helen Corbyn, daughter of the Rev. A. D. Corbyn, and they have two children: John K. and Helen. GEORGE REPPLEY. p The subject of this sketch was born in Baden, Germany, Decem- ber 22, 1827, being the son of George and Mary Reppley, both of Germany — the former born in 1798 and the latter in 1808. Of their original family of ten children — five sons and five daughters — but three sons and one daughter survive — George, Jacob, Mattix and Lena — the three latter being residents of Germany. George emi- grated to America in 1848, and the same year settled in Boonville. In 1851 he became employed by R. D. Perry, of that place, taking charge of a vineyard, which he conducted for twelve years. Entering into a copartnership with Mr. Perry, he subsequently leased this vineyard for a term of ten years, later purchasing the lands. He is now ex- tensively engaged in the culture of grapes, and also has a good orchard. His annual manufacture of fine wines amounts to about 800 to 1,200 gallons, his apples finding a ready sale among home consumers. The HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 907 different varieties of grape include the Concord, Catawba, Delaware, Virginia seedling and Herbemont, besides sundry others. On Easter Tuesday of 1846, Mr. Reppley was married to Miss Helena Sahm, and to them were born eight children — Dora, wife of Henry Grym, of Boonville ; Herman, now in Connersville, Illinois ; Laura, Frank, a resident of Grafton, Illinois ; George and Lena, twins, the former also in Grafton ; Willie and Tena. Mrs. Reppley died January 4, 1872. Mr. R. was again married on Easter Tuesday, 1874, to Mrs. Christina Kemp, of Boonville. They have three sons : Albert, Otto and Oscar. Mrs. R. has one son by a former marriage — Emil. George Reppley, Sr., departed this life in 1872, and his widow in 1876 or 1877. SAMUEL WILSON RAVENEL, editor and proprietor of the Advertiser. That young men of promise have not ceased to be attracted to Central Missouri from the south, whence this section of the state has, from the beginning, drawn the main current of its talent and energy, becomes apparent upon the slightest investigation. In every community are found those whose presence verifies this fact. In Boonville, a prominent instance of its truth may be cited in the person of Mr. Ravenel, the subject of the present sketch. He is from the solar star of the southern constella- tion of states — South Carolina, and came out to Missouri in 1871. His character and the record he has made, young as he is, are alike worthy of the hero land that gave him birth. He was born in Charleston, that fired the opening shot of the civil war, April 12th, 1848. He was, therefore, but thirteen years of age when his ears were made familiar with the clash of arms in deadly conflict. Up to that time, great pains had been taken with his education, for his father was a man of superior intelligence and culture, and was fully alive to the importance of giving his son a thorough education. Even for sometime after the war began, he persevered in keeping the son at school. Young Ravenel had the advantage of courses of study in the higher branches, in both Pineville and Wellington academies, of his native state. But soon the heavy smoke of war, like a pall of death, settled over the whole state, and the light of knowledge which was wont to radiate from the schools, as from a constellation of mid- noon suns, was lost in the Cimmerian blackness of deadly strife. Who could teach or who could study, when every breeze that floated across the state came laden with the clang of arms and the groans of dying friends — perhai^s brothers, sons or fathers ? When firesides were to be defended there was no time to talk of schools. A call 908 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. came for sixteen-year-old boys to volunteer their young lives in the defence of their Southern homes, and one of the first to respond to, this call, with an alacrity and intrepidity, worthy of the youths of South Carolina, was Samuel Wilson Ravenel, then just, sixteen years of age. He became an accepted and honored young soldier of the South, and followed the flag he had sworn to defend wherever it led, until it went down in a maelstrom of death to rise no more.- He was' paroled with Gen. Johnson's army, at Greensboro, North Carolina, April 26, 1865, being then on the staff of Major General W. B. Taliaferro, of the regular Confederate army. After this he returned to South Carolina, and was engaged in cotton planting until he came to Missouri, in 1871. In this state he became connected with the civil engineer corps of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railway eompany, and was connected with it in the construction of the road as far south as Denni- son, Texas. In 1873 he came to Boonville, being identified here with the engineering service, in building the railroad bridge over the Missouri. On the completion of the bridge Mr. Ravenel engaged, • in business, in this city, and on the 15th of April, 1878, was elected general manager of the Boonville Advertiser, acting, while manager, as its local editor also. In March of the following year he leased the office, and has since been conducting the paper as editor and proprietor. His success thus far as a newspaper man - has been very successful, both as business manager and editor, and he is rapidly taking rank among the influential journalists of the state. As a writer he is clear, vigorous and to the point in whatever he discusses — a style that never fails to make a lasting impression upon the reader ; in the treatment of matters of public concern he is independent, frank and outspoken, but never vulgar, abusive or discourteous. His paper is democratic, as he himself is. Mr. Ravenel com- manded the Waddill national guards, Boonville, from 1879 to 1882, the full term of service. He is a member of the R. A. C, of the A. F. and A. M. and also of the A. O. U. W. He represents Cooper county on the democratic congressional committee. Mr. Ravenel' s parents, Thos. P. and Elizabeth M. (Wilson) Ravenel, are both natives and residents of South Carolina ; the father born Jan, 4, 1824, and the mother, Feb. 7, 1827, HON. THERON M. RICE. Hon. Theron M. Rice, member of the forty-seventh congress from one of the wealthiest and most populous districts in Missouri, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 909 owes his commanding usefulness in life and his political elevation to the exercise of those sturdy virtues, which were a part of his charac- ter, and to unwearied diligence in the pursuit of worthy aims. The energy and devotion with which in early life he applied himself to the Jearning of the schools, arid which led him to the acquisition of a learned profession, were followed by similar earnestness and vigor, in the serious conflicts of later years, making his record a noble one, and pointing him out as one of the honored citizens of a State that has not been slow to recognize and reward the achievements of her sons. Tberon M. Rice was born September 21, 1829, in Mecca, Trum- bull county, Ohio, a section of that State noted for its intelligence and for the strong abilities of numbers of her citizens, who have dis- tinguished themselves in state and national politics. Favored by good common school advantages, and working on his father's farm in the intervals of study, the young man grew to mental and physical vigor, with such surroundings as stimulated his ambitions and gave them proper direction. At the age of eighteen he entered Chester academy, in Geauga county, in his native state, and for four year* maintained himself in that institution by teaching in winter and .prosecuting his studies in summer. Four years of this discipline were followed by a period of teaching exclusively, but in later years he had carefully studied law, and prepared himself with all the re- sources at his command for work in his chosen profession. At the age of twenty^four he was admitted to practice, and immediately thereafter formed a law partnership with his former preceptor, and opened a law oflice in Canfield, Ohio, continuing two years with a fair share of success. He Jiad, however, decided on removing to the West. The career of Joshua R. Giddiugs, in whose district he was born, and of Ben F. Wade, led him to believe that young men increased their chances for promotion in a new country. In 1858 he disposed of his interests, in Ohio, and removed to California, Moniteau county, Missouri, where he entered upon the law prac- tice and continued with success until the breaking out of the civil war. At the -beginning of that conflict he organized a company which afterwards became a portion of the 26th Missouri infantry, under the command .of Colonel George B. Boone. The history of this regiment of Missouri troops is well known, as it participated in the siege of Corinth and Vicksburg, the battles of Iuka and Missionary Ridge, the operations around Atlanta and the famous march to the sea, under the lead of Sherman. As a soldier, Mr. Rice performed his duties with the same good judgment which had before distin- 59 910 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. guished him and with a soldierly daring and intelligence that won him position to the rank of lieutenant-colonel of his regiment. Succeed- ing the war and the disbandmentof his regiment, Mr. Rice returned to his old home in Moniteau county, making his residence at Tipton, where he again applied himself to the practice of law and again met with good success. In the fall of 1868 he was elected judge of the first judicial district of Missouri, and served a full term of six years. His course while on the bench was such as to deepen the respect which was felt for him, and to strengthen the hold he had upon the confi- dence of his fellows. At the expiration of his judicial term he again applied himself to the practice of his profession with increased good will and continued success. Although he had never been a politician or sought political preferment, he was prevailed upon to make the canvass for congress on the greenback ticket in 1880, and secured his election over John F. Phillips. His election may be largely at- tributed to his personal popularity, and the desire in his district to secure his services in a legislative capacity. While serving his con- stituents in congress, in 1882, he was nominated by the greenback • convention of the state for the office of supreme judge, a nomination conferred upon him without his solicitation, but which he accepted in obedience to the unanimous desire of the convention. Owing to the fact that two tickets were run in opposition to that of the democrat party in the state, thus dividing the vote that would otherwise have been united upon him, all prospect of his election was sacrificed, hut he received a vote highly complimentary to him as a public man and as a citizen. Mr. Rice has been twice married, and has six children to inherit an honored name. The home of Mr. Rice is now at Boon- ville, Missouri, where he resides in the confidence and esteem of his friends and constituents. E. ROESCHEL, pharmacist and druggist. Those in the least familiar with the civil institutions and customs of the leading countries of Europe, are well apprised of the fact that the regulations and conditions there are much stricter for admission to any of the regular professions or occu- pations, than in this country. Especially, is this true of Germany, where the requirements often seem unnecessarily severe ; yet, when one becomes qualified to meet them, he is then beyond all ques- tion competent and thorough in his chosen calling. Mr. Roeschel, who was reared in Germany, learned the drug business in that country, and graduated in pharmacy in the city of Giessen. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 911 This fact alone is a sufficient assurance that he is a skilled druggist and pharmacist, but added to this is the additional fact that he has had nearly forty years' practical experience. It is not more than the truth demands to say that he is one of the finest druggists and phar- macists in central Missouri, and his success in business shows that he is equally capable as a business man. He now has one of the largest retail drug houses in this section of the state. He was born in Germany, March 3d, 1824, and was educated in the schools of the better class in that country. After learning the drug business, he came to this country in 1850 and stopped at Belleville, Illinois, about six months, but then cape to Boonville, since which he has followed his regular business and for a number of years has also been interested in grape culture — having now a large and nourishing vineyard near this city. During the war he served about six months in the militia, but still kept up his other interests. In June, 1853, he was married to Miss Mary Hass, originally of Chicago, but she died one year afterwards. In 1855 he was again married, Miss Rosina Hass, sister to his first wife, becoming his second companion. He has three children — one, Mary, by his first wife, and two, William and Henry, by his present wife. Mr. Roeschel is a successful business man and a highly respected citizen. • GEORGE ROEDER, manufacturer of carriages, buggies, wagons, etc. Mr. Roeder landed in this country from Germany in 1854, then twenty-one years of age, and was without means or other help to make his way in the new, strange land except his own ability and disposition to work, and an intelligent and capable mind to plan and manage business affairs. He had learned the blacksmithing trade in his native country and in that he began work in America, the hardest, and as some think, the slowest of all the occupations in which to accumulate means and to become prominent in business. But industry, economy and good manage- ment will tell in any calling, and accordingly he soon had a shop of his own ; then after a while he was able to engage in the carriage and wagon manufacturing business, and for years past he has been one of the leading, successful, and solid citizens and business men of Boonville. He has a large, handsomely constructed two-story brick manufacturing building, and works about a dozen hands in his estab- lishment. He turns out some as fine carriages, buggies, coupes, etc., as can be made in central Missouri, and his wagons have a wide repu- tation for durability and light running. He keeps a large variety of rolling stock of every description constantly on hand. He was born 912 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. in Germany September 14th, 1833, and at the age of fifteen began to learn the blacksmith's trade. He followed that occupation in his native country until he came to America in 1854. After landing in this country and before coming to Boonville, he worked in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and Pekin, Illinois — in each about eighteen months. He then came to Boonville and started a blacksmith shop, carrying it on about seven years, and in 1860 began his present business, which has brought him the most gratifying success. February 14th, 1860, he was married to Miss Wilhelmina Schaeffer, originally of Germany. They have four children — Louis, Emma, Laura and Augusta. Mr. Boeder is a member of the A. O. U. W., and of the Lutheran church. JOHN F. KOGERS, sheriff of Cooper county. Those who hold the office of sheriff in their respective counties are usually men of more than ordinary popularity, for it is a position in which personal popularity counts far more than in any other public trust. In other official stations, special knowledge in the line of the duties to be discharged goes very far towards deter- mining one's selection, although personally he may not be so popular. But with the sheriff, if he is a good business man and possesses the qualities to more than an ordinary degree that make one esteemed by all who know him, his tenure of office is secure, at least to the limit of the law. Such a man is John F. Rogers, the sheriff of Cooper county. Indeed, personal popularity is a characteristic of the family wherever they live. His uncle and father were each for many years sheriff of their county in Virginia, and two of his brothers have time and again held the like office in this state and Virginia, his brother, F. A. Rogers, one of the most popular men this county ever had, having been sheriff for three terms, between 1872 and 1878, and, as all know here, the Cooper county brothers merit to the highest degree the popularity they enjoy. John F. Rogers was born in Belmont county, Ohio, April 6, 1840, his parents having immigrated there from Vir- ginia. However, four years after his birth, they returned to Fauquier county of their native state, where the father, Hugh Rogers, had been reared, and for many years was a leading farmer and largely inter- ested in merchandising. In 1857, Hugh Rogers moved to Missouri with his family, and settled in Cooper county. Here he diedt hree years afterwards, his wife, whose maiden name was Mary Simpson, having been borne to her grave a few months before. They left a family of six children, John F. being the third son then living. John had received a good, ordinary English education before leaving Vir- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 913 ginia, and on coming to this county with his parents, taught school here the succeeding winter and the following spring and summer. He then engaged in farming, which he followed until 1870, when he em- barked in the mercantile business. In this he continued four years, and thereupon resumed farming, to which he adhered until his election, in 1880. He was married December 31, 1861, to Miss Annie, daughter of the late Dr. Harriman, of Pilot Grove, but originally of Woodford county, Kentucky. They have two children : Frank and Etta. Mr. E. is a member of the Masonic order, now master of Cooper lodge No. 36, being also a member of the Koyal Arch Chapter. He is a genial, whole-souled, good man, as every sheriff ought to be if he cares to retain the favor of the people ; is a brave-hearted, efficient officer, and a clear-headed, successful business man. GEOKGE SAHM & SONS, boot and shoe manufacturers and merchants. This firm is probably the largest manufacturing and mercantile establishment in the line of boots and shoes in central Missouri, the value of its manufactured goods alone footing up over thirty thousand dollars per annum. And it is all the outgrowth of the industry and intelligence of a man who thirty-five years ago, then a mere youth, came to America, practically without a dollar, and apprenticed himself to the shoemaker's trade. George Sahm, then a penniless German apprentice-boy in a strange land and without friends, is now one of the leading business men of central Missouri. Such a record his descendants may well read with pride, and cherish as of more manly honor to their name than if they had inherited a title and a decoration from some noble nobody in their country. George Sahm was born in Bavaria, Germany, August 1, 1832, and remained in his native country until he was sixteen years of age. He then determined to seek his fortune in the new land beyond the Atlantic, and he came and found it. He first worked three years at the boot and shoemaking business in Sandusky county, Ohio, dur- ing which time he became a thorough master of his chosen occupation. From there he carrfe to Boonville and worked here as a journeyman at his trade three more years, at the expiration of which time he setup a shop for himself. That was in the spring of 1855, and by industry and economy he. soon became able to add a trade stock of boots and ( , shoes to his establishment. His business steadily grew, and he stood by it as true as a Trojan to the walls of Troy, so that by 1877 he was able to begin the manufacture of his own stocks and also for the gen- eral markets on a large scale. How he has succeeded in this also, is 914 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. shown by the statement made above. Tn 1876 his son, George W., became his partner, and in 1880, Henry, another son, was admitted to the firm. They now employ constantly over thirty hands in their establishment. If all the German and American and other boys in this country would do as well as Mr. Sahm has, the United States would be the grandest, richest country, beyond comparison, the world ever saw. He was married July 8, 1854, to Miss Catherine Dick, originally of Germany. Heaven has blessed him with children as he has blessed himself with wealth. He has seven : George W., Mollie, Henry J., Joseph, Julia, Louis and Katie. Mr. Sahm has held vari- ous official positions, among which are those of a school director and city councilman, each several terms. George W. Sahm, his eldest son and first partner, was born in Boonville on July 16, 1855, and was educated in Kemper's well- known school of this city. In 1870 he began to learn the shoe- maker's trade under his father, which he acquired by two years' hard work at the bench. He then took charge of his father's store and managed it until 1876, when he became a partner in the establish- ment. January 9, 1878, he was married to Miss Rosa, daughter of Colonel Eppstein, of Boonville. They have one child: Corean. George W. is a member of the A. O. U. W. ANTHONY SMITH and NICHOLAS MEISTRELL, of Meistrell & Smith, general merchants. This is one of the principal firms of general merchandise in Boonville, and has a large trade throughout the surrounding country. Their stock of goods includes every variety of articles usually found in a general store, is well se- lected, and is ample to supply the demands of the trade. They also have a large store at Gooch's mill, southeast of the city, about twelve miles, which they established in 1871. Both are enterprising, suc- cessful business men, and both are what may be fairly called self-made, so far as their success in life is concerned, for neither had any means to begin on that he did not earn by his own industry. They now rank among the leading business men of Cooper county, and are respected by all who know them as upright, honorable men, and useful, public- spirited citizens. Anthony Smith was born in Chariton county, Mis- souri, November 22, 1843, and was a son of John Smith and wife, whose maiden name was Catherine Loch, both natives of Germany, who came to this country in 1839 and settled in Chariton county. Anthony's father was a farmer and blacksmith. That occupation the son followed until 1864, when he engaged in teaming for three years. HISTORY OE HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 915 He then, in 1867, returned to Boonville, and here began his present business. On the 30th of April, 1868 he was married to Miss Cathe- rine H. Franken, originally of Germany. They have seven children : Henrietta M. B., Urban A., Arthur J., Olive S., Augusta A., Oscar F. and William M. A. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are both members of the Catholic church. Nicholas Meistrell was born in Howard county, Missouri, January 26, 1841, and was a son of Nicholas Meistrell and wife, Barbara, previously a Miss Smith, who came from Prussia to Howard county, Missouri, in 1839. When young Nicholas was a small boy his father, who was a farmer, moved to Chariton county, where the father died a few years afterwards, and in 1853 the mother with her children moved to Cooper county. Until 1860 young Meis- trell was engaged principally in farming, but that year he came to Boonville, and the following year enlisted in company G, 1st infantry, Missouri state militia. But prior to that he had performed service in the Missouri state guards, a union organization. He served in the Missouri state militia until the close of the war, being mustered out in 1865 as regimental commissary sergeant, to which position he had been promoted some time before. After the close of the war he returned to Boonville, where he clerked in a dry goods store until 1867, when he engaged in his present business with Mr. Smith, his brother-in-law. On the 21st of November, 1865, Mr. Meistrell was married to Miss Margaret Franken, originally of Prussia. They have five children: Edward A., Henry, Mary, Joseph and Annie. Both Mr. and Mrs. Meistrell are members of the Catholic church. Mr. Meistrell was for two years a member of the city council. JOHN W. SMITH, of the livery firm of Smith & Ragland. Mr. Smith, of the above named firm, whose business is outlined in the sketch of Mr. Kagland, is a business man who has, by his own industry and enterprise, taken a prominent position in the business life of this city, and is highly esteemed by all for his many excellent qualities. Energetic and per- fectly upright, he possesses in a marked degree the two leading elements essential to honorable success in life. He was born in Cooper county, September 27, 1853, and was educated in the common schools. Having been brought up on a farm he adopted that occupation as his calling in life, which he followed in connection with stock dealing un- til he became interested in his present business. His experience in dealing in stock was such as to particularly fit him for the livery busi- ness, and as he was successful in the former, so he is meeting with 916 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. excellent success in his present line. Still a young man, with the start he now has, and with his past experience to aid him, his future prom- ises to be a more than ordinarily bright one. His father, David Smith, is one of the most highly respected citizens of the county. DAVID SMITH, farmer, section 16. Of the old citizens and successful farmers of Cooper county none are more worthy of special mention than the sub- ject of this sketch. David Smith was born in Madison county, Ken- tucky, February 10, 1794, and is one of the only two now living of a family of nine children born to James and Margary Smith, who settled in Kentucky from Ireland in a very early day. Both parents died many years ago in the state of their adoption. David Smith remained in his native county until 1816, and being then twenty years of age came west to seek his fortune in anew country, and settled in Howard county, this state, where his only brother, James, also settled and still lives. He continued a resident of that county, where he settled — on Bonne Femme creek — for seven years, and then in 1823 crossed the river and located permanently on his present farm, in this county, where he has lived for the last sixty years. He has prospered as a farmer, and has reared a large and highly respected family. His homestead contains nearly three-quarters of a section of laud, and is in a superior state of improvement. His residence, erected in 1853, thirty years ago, is a very handsome structure, and the fact that it has been so long built, and is still apparently as good as when con- structed, is an index to the general character of his improvements. He was married April 3, 1835, to Miss Sophia McNichol, of Boone county. They have twelve children : Thomas, Mary, Benjamin, John, Solon, Frederick, David, Jr., Argila, Louvisa, Ida and Forest. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the Presbyterian church. Forest, the youngest sou, is still with his father on the farm, and a large share of the responsibility incident to the successful management of the place devolves upon him. JUDGE C. W. SOMBART, of the C. W. & J. Sombart Milling and Mercantile Company. Laying aside all the nonsense of life, and looking at it in a plain common sense light, he nearest fulfils an intelligent, practical mission, who, by industry, economy and good management, achieves a substantial suc- cess, and, when his race is run, leaves a sufficient provision for those who are to succeed him, to enable them to make their way in the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 917 world without having to encounter undue hardships, or to struggle against undue difficulties. Every man owes this much to himself and to his family, and unless all creation is without design, unless men are mere accidents, and are governed wholly b}' the so-called laws of chance, this is the primary, essential object of his existence, at least so far as this world is concerned. Hence, the man who has the prac- tical intelligence to appreciate this fact, and who goes forward in an even, persevering, honest way, in the discharge of his duty in life, ig justly entitled to the considerate respect and esteem of all right think- ing people. Such a man, we may say, by the assent of all, is Judge Soinbart, of Cooper county. Strictly honest and of untiring industry, he has labored in season and out of season for nearly fifty years, from penniless youth to approaching old age, rewarded by an ample com- petence of this world's goods. Such a career any man would well be proud of, and, unfortunately, many cannot boast. He was born in Prussia, May 2, 1820, and, in 1837, came to this country with his parents, settling in Boonville, this county. He followed farming until 1849, when he was attracted to the Pacific coast by the California gold excitement. He remained in California until the fall of 1851, engaged in mining, and then returned to Cooper county, where he and his brother, J. Sombart, bought a flouring mill, and began their milling career, which has extended over a period of thirty-two years, and has been characterized by the most marked success. They commenced with a small, old-fashioned mill a short distance below their present stand, but a few years afterwards acquired the property they now own, and by additions and improvements from time to time, have increased it in value and importance until now it is one of the finest and largest mills in the state, outside of St. Louis, and is probably the best and most valuable piece of mill property in central Missouri. It has a daily capacity of two hundred barrels of flour, has seventeen pairs of Stevens' rollers, a hundred and twenty horse power Corliss engine, two twelve six inch flue boilers, twenty feet long and four feet in diameter, and is in every way supplied with the latest and best machinery. Within the last two years they have improved it to the value of over $30,000, and it is now prepared to make by the same process, and the same class of machinery, the quality of flour made by the celebrated mills of* Minneapolis, perhaps the finest in this or in any other country. In short, the Sombart Brothers have gradually built up from a small beginning one of the great mills of the west, and they are justly classed among the successful and leading millers of the country. The flour they make sells in the market side by side 918 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. with the Minneapolis flour, notwithstanding the mills of that city use the hard spring wheat of the north. Most of the flour of this firm is shipped to St. Louis and New York, in both of which markets it is in great demand. Such is the reward of intelligent industry, and of frugal, economical management. If the citizens of any community generally would do as well as these gentlemen have done, the country, prosperous as it is, would be beyond comparison far more prosperous. Aside from his milling interests, Judge Sombart has been engaged in various lines of business, and although having no ambition for public position or political distinction, has been called to serve the people in various capacities, and among the rest as judge of the county court, a position he filled with strict fidelity and efficient business-like ability. On the 6th of January, 1852, he was married to Mrs. Catherine Thro, originally from Germany, and they have seven children: William A., Kate, Charles A., Fannie M., Frank S., Robert V., and Hannah E. CAPT. JULIUS SOMBART, of the C. W. & J. Sombart Milling and Mercantile Company. Mr. Sombart is a brother to Judge Sombart, of the preceding sketch, and all that is said there with regard to the character of the latter, applies with equal truth to the former. Mr. S. possesses in more than a usual degree the distinguishing traits of the German character, steady, patient industry, intelligent, practical economy, and sensible, good management of the affairs in hand. If real enterprise consists in building up a country, in making it wealthy and prosperous by its individual citizens becoming so themselves, through industry and frugal management, then Julius Sombart is one of the real enterpris- ing men of Cooper county, and if this is not enterprise, what is? The men who build up a country, not the men who stand around and talk enterprise, are its real enterprising citizens ; and by his own exertions Mr. S. has added as much perhaps to the wealth and prosperity of this county as any man in it. He was born in Germany, in June, 1825, and came over with the family in 1837. In youth he learned the blacksmith trade, which he followed several years, but, in 1849, in company with his brother, C. W. Sombart, and others, he went to California, returning three years afterwards, and then entered upon his milling career with his brother, as noted in the latter's sketch. In 1861 he served in the Missouri state militia about three months, and afterwards enlisted in an independent company, of which he was first lieutenant for a time, and during part of the service had command of the company. In this he continued about seven months, and then re- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 919 sumed private business, to which he has since devoted his whole time and attention. He was married in 1856 to Miss Louisa Breneisen, ori Richmond, 14th December, 1861. \ Sir: — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of yesterday, accompanied by a very handsome flag, captured from Seigel's regiment at the battle of Springfield, Missouri, on the 10th of August last by Major Thomas E. Staples, of the Missouri guards. I shall be most happy to place this flag, as desired by its gallant donor, among the other trophies of the valor of our army, which grace the walls of this department. It will there remain deposited, a memorial to those who come after us of the glories of this great struggle, and of their debt to the noble band of heroes who have imperilled all that man holds dear in this defence of their liberties. In the roll of such men I feel sure there will not be found the name of a truer or more gallant soldier than that of Major Staples, whose name has already been rendered familiar to all of us by the report of his distinguished commander, General Price. Please convey to Major Staples the expression of my admira- tion for his services, and my thanks for the welcome present made to the department. Very respectfully your obedient servant, J. P. Benjamin, Secretary of War, Hon. Thomas A. Harris, Richmond. These letters were forwarded to Dr. Staples by General Harris, with a neat letter accompanying them. Immediately after the battle of Springfield, or Wilson's creek, Dr. Staples returned to this section of the state, and subsequently rejoined the forces of General Price about the time of the battle of Dry Wood, where he was promoted to 996 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. the office of major. He next participated in the battle of Lexington, and afterwards resigned his commission in the army and made a visit to Eichmond. On his return he was assigned a position on the medi- cal staff. After the battle of Pea Ridge he accompanied General Price east of the Mississippi, and was induced by Generals Jackson and Rains to return to Missouri on a recruiting expedition. He was accompanied by only twenty-seven men, and with this small force on one occasion, charged Captain Cunningham, in command of many times that force, who fled at the onset, and did not stop his retreat until he reached Jefferson City, where he reported that Major Staples was in Sedalia with 1,500 Indians, murdering men, women and chil- dren. A short time afterwards doctor, or Major Staples, as he then was, fell into the hands of the Federals at Boonville, and while held a prisoner repeated attempts were made to assassinate him. Instead of giving him a parole, or holding him for exchange, he was indicted in the United States courts for treasou, but was never brought to trial. He was, however, released from prison on heavy bonds. At the close of the war Dr. Staples found himself in reduced circumstances, and at once recommenced the practice of his profession, in which he has since been steadily and actively engaged. In November, 1882, he came to his present location. As a physician none rank higher in skill ; as a soldier none were braver in the field of action, and as a commander his military genius fitted him for positions higher than he ever held. The doctor and his excellent wife have an interesting family of eight children, another, the eldest, Virgia, being dead. Following are their names : Levinia, now the wife of Abram Trigg ; Fanny, now the wife of George Phillips ; Bettie, Mollie, May, Edward, now in Saline county ; Abram F., and Bernard. Dr. Staples has inherited to a marked degree the characteristics of the southern- bred gentleman, aud his home is well known for its old fashioned hospitality. He is a member of the A. F. and A. M. at Arrow Rock. The Staples family is an old one in the history of the nation, and-has been represented in all the great wars of the country. It is of Welsh origin, and the founder of the family in this country settled in Virginia prior to the revolution. There the doctor's grandfather, John Staples, was born and reared, and married Miss Martha Stoval, the daughter of an old revolutionary veteran. James Staples, the doctor's father, was born of this union, and after he grew lip he was married to Miss Virginia Nicols. They reared three sons, including the doctor, and five daughters, all of whom reside in this state. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 997 NATHANIEL S. TOWNSEND, farmer and stock raiser, section 24. Mr. Townsend, himself a leadiug farmer and stock raiser of Cooper county, was a son of one of the most successful farmers and worthy citizens that ever honored the county by their residence — Sanders Townsend — for over fifty years a resident of Lamine township. He was a native of South Carolina, but came oat to Kentucky early in life, where he met and married Miss Susan, daughter of Payton and Lucy Nowlin. Together, Mr. Townsend and wife, with her parents, came to Cooper county in 1825 and settled in Lamine township. Here Sanders Townsend soon be- came a wealthy farmer and stock raiser, having at the time of his death, after giving 1 liberally to his children, a farm of 1,200 acres, and having lost by the war forty or fifty negroes. He died Decem- ber 28, 1876, his wife having preceded him to the grave in 1863. They had a family of twelve children, Nathaniel S. being the tenth, six of whom were boys and six girlsi Five are living. Nathaniel S. was born October 23, 1834, on the farm where he now lives. After he grew up he was married February 25, 1864, to Miss Elizabeth, a daughter of O. B. Pearson, a prominent public man of Saline county. Nathaniel carried on the farm for his father for some time prior to the latter's death, and since then he has been farming and stock rais- ing on his own account. His place now contains 440 acres of fine land, nicely located and handsomely improved. He has been making a specialty of raising fine jacks and he has perhaps the finest school of jacks and jennets in the county. Mr. Townsend has not been blessed with any children of his own, but has reared a brother and sister, Willie and Mattie, and is now i-earing a nephew, Robert D., now a lad eight years of age. JOHN D. TURLEY, farmer and stock raiser, section 18. It is the possession of strong traits of character that distinguish men, some above others. Whoever is gifted with what is called force of character in any useful direction, will necessarily become a marked man from those around him. So it is with the Turley family. Jesse B. Turley, the father of John D., was a man of the most remarkable enterprise, resolution and deter- mination, and such a man as would have carved out success in life from any surroundings. An early settler in Cooper county, when the field for business enterprise was exceedingly circumscribed, he estab- lished a trade across the trackless plains with Santa Fe, New Mexico, which he kept up year after year for a generation, making his trips 998 HISTORY OB HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. back and forth as regularly as the seasons come and go, until at last he was stricken down by the hand of death in the city of the cactus and semi-civilized Mexican. To follow this business, as he followed it, required greater resolution and energy than was necessary for the great " Pathfinder " to make his way a single trip across the con- tinent. But this Jesse Turley followed, and thus carved »ut a com- fortable fortune for himself and family, where others would have shrunk from the thought of it. His wife, Julietta A. Riddle, was a daughter of one of the first pioneer settlers of the county. They were married here in about 1822. He was a native of Kentucky, she of Maryland. He was a young man, not more than twenty-one, when ,he came to this county. He located on a farm here about one year after his marriage, where his family lived during his life time, and where his son still lives. This he added to and improved until he made it one of the most comfortable homesteads in the county. He died in August, 1861, and is buried at Santa Fe. His wife died the same year. There were nine children of their family, of whom seven are living, four sons and three daughters. John D. was born on the farm, where he now lives, December 3, 1829, and since he was four- teen years of age has had the management of the farm. He accom- panied his father to Santa Fe and back in 1859. What his father was to trafficking across the plains John D. is to farming. He is thoroughly enterprising and energetic. His stock is of fine quality and he farms in a thorough, business-like manner. His farm contains nearly 400 acres of land and is well improved. He was married April 16, 1862, to Miss Harriet Pearson, of Saline county, daughter of O. B. Pearson. They have two children : Jessie A. and Harry P. Mr. and Mrs. T. are members of the Christian church. WILLIAM H. and H. C. TURLEY, farmers. David Jones, Stephen Turley, his son-in-law, and William Reed, brother-in-law to the second of these three, with their families, were the first white inhabitants of Lamine township. They came from Kentucky, and settled in the township as far back as 1811. Stephen Turley located on the land and opened the farm where William H. and H. C. now live. He had married Elizabeth, daughter of David Jones, before coming to the state, and of their marriage ten children were born. Milton, the father of the subjects of this sketch, being the youngest. But of these only three are now living : Milton, Delia, now the wife of William Herndon, and Lunanda, wife of Whitfield Reynolds, of Huntsville, Missouri. The father died in California in about HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 999 1850, whither he had gone during the gold excitement on the Pacific coast. His wife died nearly thirty years afterwards, in 1879. Mil- ton was born in the same house where his son now lives, March 8, 1833. After he grew up he was married January 5, 1855, to Mrs. Louisa Turley, widow of an elder brother of his, William H. She was, previous to her first marriage, a Miss Ricks, originally of Ken- tucky. Four children were born of this last union, two of whom, William H. and H. C, are living, and two are dead, Stephen J. dying July 29, 1882, aged twenty, and Delia dying in infancy. The father, Milton, is now in St. Louis, where he has been some three years, identified with business interests there, but Mrs. Turley, his wife, is at home with her two sons. William H. was born March 8, 1856, aud Harvey C, February 14, 1858. Their whole life thus far has been spent on the farm, and in 1878 they bought the place of their father, and have been conducting it with excellent success. It con- tains 355 acres and is well adapted to both grain and stock growing, to which the Messrs. Turley give their attention. They grow nearly 150 acres of grain, and raise considerable stock, particularly cattle and hogs, of which they have a thoroughbred grade, and of the latter Poland-China breed. William H. was married December 13, 1881, to Miss Anna, daughter of George Herndon, of this county, but origi- nally of North Carolina. She was born in that state July 6, 1861. They have one child, Susan E. Stephen Turley, the grandfather, was a soldier in the war of 1812, and after his death his widow drew a pension from the government of eight dollars per month on account of his service. STANARD WEBB, farmer, section 32. Mr. Webb was born in Orange county, Virginia, April 18, 1808, and was a son of Caleb and Frances (Gosney) Webb, both natives of the Old Dominion. He was reared in his natal coun- ty, and in youth acquired a fair education. For an occupation in life he learned the carpenter's trade, at which he served an apprenticeship of four years. February 2, 1830, he was married to Miss Lucy Red- dish, a native of Madison county, Virginia, born July 29, 1811. Fol- lowing his marriage, Mr. Webb continued to work at his trade until about fifteen years ago, when, having removed to this state, in the meantime and acquired an excellent farm, he turned his attention almost exclusively to farming, which he has since followed. Mr. R. emigrated from Virginia into Cooper county in 1838, and located in Lamine township. The first house he built in this county was for Freeman Wing, in 1839, which is still standing. He was the leading 1000 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. carpenter for many years in his section of the county, and most of the better class of dwellings built then were constructed by him. He has an excellent farm which includes the first piece of 200 acres he bought in the early days of his residence here. Mr. "Webb's first wife died January 2, 1842, and there are two children living of his first mar- riage ; MaryM., wife of John T. Clark, of Blackwater township, and Cornelia, wife of John P. Wells, of Sedalia. May 17, 1849, he was united in marriage to Mrs. Jane P., widow of Yelverton Wells, and daughter of John and Penelope Pash, late of Loudoun county, Vir- ginia. Of this union there are three children: Henry S., who mar- ried Miss Luella Turley, June 2, 1874, and now lives with the father ; Ewing M., married Miss Laura Smith ; and Albert T., whoserwife was formerly Miss Mollie Huff. Mr. Webb's last wife had five children by her first husband, three of whom are still living. He has been a mem- ber of the Baptist church for forty years, and is a most excellent and highly respected citizeu. FREEMAN WING (deceased) and DAVID WARREN WING. Among the few prominent and active business men, who early set- tled in this county, and who bore a conspicuous share of the labor and management contributing to its development, none were more ener- getic and faithful in the discharge of the duties of life, or better un- derstood the promising greatness of the country, and the proper means to be employed in laying the basis of social and material prosperity, than did Mr. Freeman Wing. And as even a condensed sketch of this, worthy old pioneer will be appreciated by the present and coming generations, we cheerfully devote a portion of our space to a brief epitome of his life. Mr. Wing was born near Boston, Massachusetts, January 12, 1800. He was the only son of the third wife of John Wing, a man of great honesty and integrity, but not wealthy in the goods of this world. Thrown upon his own resources when quite young, Mr. Wing had but few educational advantages ; still his desires for an edu- cation were such that he taxed every available source to gain scien- tific and general information, and succeeded finally in pushing his education up to at least a satisfactory point. At the age of twelve he appeared in the streets of Boston as a cattle trader on a small scale, and the next year he was heard of in Virginia, selling dry goods and such articles as he could easily convey from place to place. He trav- elled not only in Virginia, but also in New York, and was at Buffalo when there was but one house in the place. He finally settled down in Virginia as a teacher, and in a short time afterwards was joined in HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1001 marriage to Miss Catherine B., eldest daughter of John Jones, an old and highly respected citizen of the Old Dominion, and a soldier of the war of 1812. This marriage occurred November 10, 1831, and the following spring, with his young wife, he turned his course towards the then Far West, and safely landed in Cooper county, Missouri. He made the entire distance by wagon, traversing in the trip portions of the states of Illinois and Indiana. At first he made a selection and located on a tract of land near the present farm of John Fray, which he afterwards sold to Thomas Dix. His next location was the farm now occupied by James Huff, Esq., known formerly as the Ruble tract. He finally 1 settled down on the old homestead, now owned by one of his sons, D. W. Wing, where he spent the remainder of his days. This fine farm he purchased of General Ashley, a tract then including 480 acres. He soon made other purchases, and his landed property within a short time' amounted to about 1,500 acres, including another fine farm owned by his eldest son, D. C. Wing. He continued to trade iu real estate the balance of his life, and at one time had on hand as much as 3,000 acres. In addition to his own landed interests, he be- came the agent of General Ashley, and afterwards confidential adviser and agent of the widow, Mrs. Ashley. After her marriage to Hon. John J. Crittenden, of Kentucky, he become her sole agent and at- torney, in settling up this large estate ; so that it can be truthfully said he was the largest land operator in Cooper county. Prior to his death in 1868, he divided up his estate among his children and retired from business — that he might spend the remainder of his days in the enjoy- ment of his family and a large circle of friends. Early thrown upon his own resources, he attained a fine development of his intellectual powers, as well as acquiring a complete government of himself; and in bringing up his large family, he kept his children in subjection, al- most without an effort. He took great pains in the instruction of his children, most of whom have received the benefits of the higher schools and colleges, often superintending their studies in person. To the poor he was benevolent, but preferred the best of all methods to help the needy by putting means within their reach, to enable them to help themselves ; and he often advanced money to poor men to make the first payment on lands for which he himself was agent, and the sales of which came through him. Though wealthy he did not give his af- fections to the world, but recognized his allegiance to the King of kings. He became a charter member of the Pleasant Grove Christian church in 1843, wher6 he was known not only as a faithful member, but a oo-worker in all good and charitable deeds. Of the five sons of 1002 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. his family of children, David Warren Wing, the second subject of the sketch, is the youngest. He was horn on the old family home- stead, inLamine township, January 5, 1849. He was reared on the farm, and was educated mainly at the State University, in Columbia, Missouri, and Eastman college, Poughkeepsie, New York. When in his twenty-first year, on the 22d of December, 1869, he was married to Miss Mary E., daughter of James H. Parker, Esq., of Columbia, Missouri. She was born in Boone county, April 1, 1852, and was ed- ucated at Columbia. Mr. Wing (fils) farmed in Boone county one year after his marriage, and then came to the family homestead in this county, where he has since lived and which he now owns. This place contains 560 acres of fine land, and is well improved. He grows an- nually over 200 acres of grain, and makes Over 100 acres of hay. He also raises considerable numbers of stock, principally cattle, hogs and sheep. His cattle are of superior grades, and he is making somewhat a specialty of thoroughbred short-horn stock. Mr. Wing has inher- ited all the strong and better qualities of his father's character, and added to those, he has a thoroughly cultivated mind. As a farmer he is energetic to the last degree, and has the industry, enter- prise and good judgment to make him a successful man in any occupation in which he might engage. He is one of the most pro- gressive and thrifty farmers of the county. Mr. and Mrs. Wing have an interesting family of five children : Maggie Parker, James Free- man, Mary Louisa, Lillie Kate, and Henry Moss. The Wing family is an old one in the history of the nation, and dates its early settlement in this country back to the times of "Plymouth Rock." The remote ancestry came from England to this country, about the year 1639, and we accordingly read in the early records of "John Wing, of Sandwich," from whom the family line comes down to the present generation in the following order : Joseph, John, and John the second, Freeman and David Warren, the second subject of this sketch. LEBANON TOWNSHIP. JAMES CORDRY owes his nativity to Todd county, Kentucky, where he was born on the 27th of May, 1827. His parents were James and Margaret HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1003 (Murphy) Cordry. The former, a Kentuckian by birth, born in 1795, lived there until the fall of 1830, then settling on the place now occupied by his son in this township. He was a farmer by occu- pation, but held the position of magistrate for twenty-five years. His marriage occurred in 1824, his wife having been born in the same county as himself. They had seven children : William, Thomas, Mary A., Catharine, James, Adaline and John. Four are now living, all but one in this county. James received but a limited education in the common schools in youth, and was brought up to the occupation of farming. In 1850 he was married to Miss Ann Eliza Robinson, a daughter of Edward Robinson, of Cooper county. She was born in 1829. They were the parents of eight children: DeWitt, born in 1851; B. Cora, born in 1852 ; Rice Daniel, born in 1854; George Hart, born in 1856 ; Mollie Bersheba, born in 1858 ; Leveret L.,' born in 1862 ; Eva E., born in 1865, and an infant, now deceased. Only three of their children survive. Mr. Cordry is recognized as a lead- ing and one of the most influential farmers and stock raisers in this township, his landed estate embracing 400 acres on section 5. He takes a great interest in educational matters, and has given his chil- dren excellent opportunities for acquiring knowledge, feeling the need of superior places of learning and realizing the importance of good schools. Religiously, he is a Baptist, and has been for thirty years, belonging to the church at Nebo. RICHARD T. ELLIS, originally from Orange county, Virginia, was born in 1836, his parents being R. P. and Margaret Ellis, nee Ferguson. The former, a native of Orange county, Virginia, born in 1809, lived there until 1836. He was married November 25, 1830, his wife having been born in Bath county, Kentucky. To them were born nine children: William V., James T., Richard T., H. M., Mary E., Mildred F., Anna M., M. L. and Walter J. In 1836 Mr. R. P. Ellis came to Missouri, and, set- tling in Howard county, lived there for three years, at the expiration of which time he entered Cooper county. Here he continuously re- sided until his death in August, 1862. Richard, the third child in the family, has lived on the old homestead since his father's death. This homestead contains about 800 acres in Cooper and forty acres in Mor- gan counties, and upon this the mother also lives. About 400 acres are prairie, the remainder being under cultivation. Mr. Ellis owns besides two shares of the estate, land to the extent of eighty acres. He is unmarried. The homestead is one of the best improved in the 1004 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. township, being surmounted by a fine briek residence. Our subject, as a farmer and general stockman, ranks equal to any in the county, and, as a cultivated gentleman, has not his superior. J. H. EWING, a representative citizen of this community, was born near Boonville, Cooper county, Missouri, October 26, 1819, and is therefore one of the oldest of the pioneers now living in this county. His father was Eeuben A. Ewing, originally from Logan county, Kentucky, born in 1793, who lived in that locality until his marriage in 1813 to Miss Mary Hammond, a daughter of Job Hammond, formerly of Virginia, where she was born in 1796, having lived there until six years old, and then removing with her father to Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Ewijug had nine children : William C, Mary J., J. H., R. M., Finis V., Job, who died in infancy, twin daughters, Sallie A. and Margaret R., and Amanda F. Five of this family are now living- In 1818 the senior Ewing, removing to Missouri, settled near Boonville, Cooper county, going thence, in about two years, to the centre of the county. He entered the land upon which he so long lived, making it his home until 1856, when he resided at different times with his children until his death in May, 1871. His widow died in 1875. J. H. Ewing at- tended the common schools of Cooper county, and has always lived in the vicinity of his present location, with the exception of four years, when engaged in the mercantile business at New Lebanon. On Sep- tember 10, 1856, he was married to Miss Martha A. Marge, a daughter of F. A. Marge, who came to this county from Virginia in 1851. Mrs. Ewing was born in July, 1836. They are the parents of nine chil- dren, of whom eight are living, and all in Cooper county: Margaret S., Mary D., Nannie Lee, Reuben A., Ida F., Everett L.,Nadine and Stella. One daughter, Fannie Bell, became the wife of Emanuel Stephens, and died seven months after her marriage. Mr. Ewing is the owner of 285 acres of land in this township and 160 acres in Bates county. He is a man of intelligence and culture, and takes great in- terest in promoting the growth of his adopted county. Himself, wife and four daughters are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church at New Lebanon, the oldest church in the county, established by Finis Ewing, its first pastor. Politically, he is a democrat, but formerly he was a whig, his father having been the first whig senator of this county — elected in 1840, and serving one term. He was also sheriff of Todd county, Kentucky, for a long time, and for a while magistrate in Cooper county, Missouri. William C. Ewing, a brother HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1005 of the subject of this sketch, has twice been elected to represent this •county in the state legislature. Mr. Ewiug resides on section 3. JAMES W. FLOYD, a Virginian by birth, was born in Wayne county March 16, 1837, and was the son of Nicholas Floyd, also a native of Virginia, born in 1811, who married Miss Eliza Painter. They had eight children: John, James, William, Sarah, Patterson, Darius, Marian F. and Charlie. In 1856 the senior Floyd, with his family, came to Missouri and lo- cated near Bunceton, in Cooper county, where he lived until his death in 1875. When twenty-six years of age James W., the second child in the family, went to Idaho territory, where he remained for live years, following freighting. He returned to this county in 1868, and has since made it his home. In 1881 he moved upon his present place, having purchased 150 acres of land in section 25. This is in good cultivation, and will compare favorably with any in the township. Mr. Floyd is making upon it extensive improvements. In 1869 Miss Maggie Parish, daughter of Thomas Parish, of Cooper county, became his wife. They have had a family of five children: Herbert, born in 1870, died in September, 1880 ; Ernest, born in 1872 ; Thomas, born in 1874, died in 1877 ; James, born in 1875, died in 1875, and Oscar, born in October, 1878. In his political preferences Mr. Floyd is dem- ocratic. ' SAMUEL T. JONES. owes his nativity to Christian county, Kentucky, where he was born November 3, 1826. His father, Henry Jones, a Kentuckian by birth, was born about the year 1798, and in 1816 was married to Nancy Flint, of Virginia, she having been born in 1788. Mr. Jones was shot by robbers in 1865, and subsequently died from the effects of it. His wife died in 1848. They had five children, of whom Samuel T. was the fifth. He remained at home until twenty-one years old^ at which time he was married, in 1847, to Miss Susan Coffman, of Page county, Virginia, and a daughter of Jacob Coffman, of that state. They have had five children: three infants, who are now deceased, Nancy and P. A., and one of the latter children has also passed away. Mr. Jones came to Missouri in 1835, in company with his father, and located in this county, where he has since resided. His farm embraces 170 acres in section 31 and forty acres in section 36. He has a comfortable residence, above the average, and outbuildings, etc., in proportion. He is a member of the M. E. church south, and also belongs to the 65 1006 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Grange. Politically, he is a democrat. Mr. Jones' grandfather, Samuel Jones, was a soldier in the revolutionary war, having entered from Dinwiddie county, Virginia. He was an associate of both Wash- ington and Lafayette, and figured quite conspicuously in the battle of Brandywine. THOMAS MURPHY, who was born on the 1st of March, 1810, in Todd county, Kentucky, was a son of William Murphy, a native of South Carolina, born near Charleston in 1772. His wife was formerly Miss Mary A. Kates, and to them were born ten children, of whom Thomas was the seventh child. He lived with his father for twenty years, and then, leaving home, worked in different localities in Kentucky for some time. In 1848 he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Ann Cooper, a daughter of a Mrs. Cooper, a widow, and of Kentucky birth. By this mar- riage there were five sons and four daughters : John W., Isaac N., William Taylor, Mary A., Thomas, Sarah C, Cleopatra A. F., Jo- seph and Cornelia A. Mr. Murphy owns 171 acres of land in this township. JAMES A. MURPHY was born in Todd county, Kentucky, on January 22, 1840. His father, John Murphy, a native of Ireland, born in 1803, emigrated to the United States when a boy with his father, and in October, 1825, he married in Trigg county, Kentucky, Miss Letitia Landers, ofKen- tucky. By this marriage there were seven children : John W., Mary A., James A., Martillis, Thomas N., who died in 1840, Sallie E. and Lucia E. In 1842 the senior Murphy removed to Missouri and set- tled in Cooper county, two miles from Syracuse, where he lived until his death in 1859. The subject of this sketch, the third in the family, remained at home until his father's death, when he went to Texas. After remaining some time he returned to Cooper county, and has since lived here. In 1879 he purchased his present farm of 214 acres, which is improved and well watered, and nicely adapted for the raising of stock, to which he devotes considerable attention. This is located in sections 19 and 20, his fine residence being in section 20. Mr. Murphy was married in 1866 to Miss Mary E. Cordry, a daughter of John B. Cordry, of this county. They have six children: Robert E., John A., James E., Billy, George T. and Letta Belle. Mr. Murphy is a staunch democrat. He belongs to the Baptist church at Antioch. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1007 PHILANDER SHANKLIN, a native of Robinson county, Tennessee, was born in 1823, and was the son of William H. Shanklin, a Virginian by birth, who married Miss Sarah H. Herring, of the same state. To them were born five children : Bathuel, Adaline, Andrew, Philander and William. The senior Shanklin came to Missouri in the fall of 1830 and settled in Cooper county, on the place now owned by Philander and William Shanklin. He followed farming as his occupation during life, his death occurring in 1865. These brothers now own in Cooper and Morgan counties 640 acres of good land. Their home farm, consist- ing of 160 acres, in Cooper county, is an excellent one, and is under good fence, and has an abundance of water. William H. Shanklin was one of the earliest settlers of this county, coming here when the deer roafned the prairie unmolested, and when the large gray wolves were numerous. He was, during a portion of his life, a member of the grange. A. T. SPENCER, a native of New Jersey, was born in 1841. His father, John B. Spencer, a native of England, born about the yetfr 1808, emigrated to the United States in 1840, and settled in New Jersey. After re- maining there a short time, he came to Missouri, in 1845, and located in Boonville, Cooper county, moving thence, a short time after, to Pilot Grove township. He died, February 17,1882. His wife was formerly Sarah Ann Harrison, and they were the parents of four chil- dren : John H., Alexander, A. T. and Elizabeth. Mrs. S. died about the year 1850 or 1853. The subject of this sketch, the third in the family, left home when fourteen years old, going into Saline county, where he stopped for four years. Returning, he stayed at home until he was twenty-one years of age. In 1861 he was married to Miss Sarah C. Bagwell, a daughter of William Bagwell, of Cooper county. By this marriage there were born seven children: James, Thomas, Mary, Lulu, Arthur, Stanley and Leslie. Twp died in infancy. Mr. Spencer is a plasterer by trade, and has worked at this occu- pation quite extensively in Saline, and also north of this county, having acquired quite a reputation in this avocation. Politically, he is a republican. His farm, on section 33, contains 150 acres of land, under good cultivation. 1008 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. WILLIAM SPILLERS, farmer and stock raiser, section 20, was born in Ohio, December 17, 1827, and was the sou of Peter Spillers, a native of South Carolina, born in 1800, who, when about seven years old, accompanied his parents to Kentucky, where his father lived a short time, then return- ing to Ohio. He was first married in Miami county, of that state, iu 1820, to Miss Susanna Coats, of Ohio, and to them were born ten children : Preston, Sarah, George, William, Rebecca, Matilda, Peter, Susan A., Samuel and Rachel. Matilda and Sarah are now deceased. Mr. S. was married a second time to Mrs. Spicy A. Slaughter. The subject of this sketch remained at home until twenty-two years of age, at which time he was married, in 1849, in Randolph county, In- diana, to Miss Mary Harris, a daughter of Obadiah Harris, of Indi- ana. They have had twelve children : Henry T., Sarah A., Martha, Phoebe E. (now deceased), Peter, George, Mary R., Elizabeth (now deceased), William, Charles, Etta and Ida May. In 1838, Mr. S., leaving Ohio, went to Indiana, and in 1856 removed to Iowa, remain- ing for two years. In the spring of 1858 he came to Missouri, lo- cating in Cooper county, where he and his father have since lived, save during the war, which time they spent in Indiana. Politically, Mr. S. is a republican. His fine farm contains 138 acres of improved and well watered land. JOHN F. THOMAS, a native of Cooper county, Missouri, was born on the 24th of October, 1844. He was the son of Jonas Thomas, a native of Tennessee, and Izella Thomas, nee Woolery, mention of whom is made elsewhere in this work. John F., the seventh child in a family of thirteen chil- dren, leaving home when twenty-seven years of age, was married, June 27, 1869, to Miss Lizzie Roatcap, a daughter of John Roatcap, of this county. She was born March 22, 1852. To them were born eight children: two infants (twins), Leonard R. and Levord O. (twins), born July 26, 1871 ; George H., born September 11, 1875 ; Edith born October 4, 1877 ; Cora F., born May 10, 1881, and Mil- lard F., born February 23, 1883. Five of these are now living. Mr. Thomas is the owner of 258 acres of laud in this township, 200 acres being prairie and the balance timber land. Upon his home farm is a good residence and other buildings. He is located in section 33, and is one of the most influential citizens of this township. In his politi- cal preferences he is republican. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1009 C. M. THOMAS is a native of Cooper county, Missouri, having been born here in 1851. His parents were Jonas and Izella (Woolery) Thomas, the former born in Tennessee in 1816, and the latter, a daughter of George Woolery, of this county. Mr. Thomas was one of the very earliest pioneers of Cooper county, having come here when he was a small boy about five or six years old, and making the settlement in 1821. To Mr. aud Mrs. Thomas were born thirteen children, of whom ten are now, living. C. M., the youngest of the family, lived with his father until twenty-six years of age. In November, 1877, he was married to Miss Jennie Steele, daughter of the Hon. D. K. Steele, of Cooper county, one of Cooper's earliest and most honored citizens. By this union there are three children: May, born May 15, 1879; Carrie, born October 9, 1881, and Mildred Earle, born September 10, 1882. Mr. Thomas owns eighty acres of land in this township, but occupies and cultivates the farm of his father-in-law. Politically he has ever been a republican. He is a member of the Baptist church at Antioch, and is its clerk. JEKEMIAH TOMLINSON was born February 17, 1819, in Madison county, Kentucky, where his father, Ambrose D. Tomlinson, was also born in 1787, he dying there in 1833. His wife was formerly Miss Frances White, and to them were born nine children : Mourning, Eliza, Lucy, Jeremiah, Nancy, Pauline,"Margaret, George and Sallie. Of this large family the sub- ject of this sketch is the only one now living. He remained at home until the death of his father, then residing in one place and another until his first marriage on the 17th of May, 1846, to Miss Fannie J. Eoss, of Morgan county, and a daughter of Lewis Eoss. They were the parents of five children : John L., Prince F., Eliza F., Hannah D. and TheodosiaE. Three of these children survive. Mrs. Tom- linson died on January 20, 1864. Mr. Tomlinson was again married October 9, 1866, to a Mrs. Suttles, a widow, who bore him three children': George W., Jeremiah, and Eugene. This wife died Febru- ary 2, 1872. For his third wife he married Miss Louisa Bales, a daughter of Minor Bales, of Cooper county. They have one child — William M. In December, 1838, Mr. Tomlinson came to Missouri, locating in Mo rgau county, and after living there until 1866 removed to this county, which has since been his home. His residence is on section 17, and his estate embraces 188 acres, well improved and watered. 1010 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. JOSEPH VARNER was born on February 8, 1807, in Shenandoah (now Page) county, Virginia. John Varner, his father, was a Virginian by birth, and married Miss Barbara Burner. To them were born ten children : Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Philip, Daniel, Martin, Jonas, Manuel, Reuben, Mary A. and an infant. But six of this family survive. The subject of this sketch remained with his father until twenty-five years of age, and in 1832 he was married to Miss Mary Huffman, a daughter of Christopher Huffman. They had fourteen children: William, now in Tipton, Moniteau county, and married to Miss Eliza Cook, daughter of William Cook, of Cooper county ; Barbara, widow of Richard Eu- banks ; Ann, deceased; Elizabeth, deceased; Martha, wife of Elijah Smith ; John, deceased ; Mary S., Belle, now Mrs. David Gochenhour ; Isaac, deceased ; Martin, deceased ; Booton, who married Lotta Wild ; Virginia, Frank R. and Pernie, the latter three at home. Mr. Varner, leaving Virginia in the fall of 1855, came to Missouri, settling on section 22, Lebanon township, Cooper county, his present location. He is very successful as an agriculturist, and owns 312 acres of land, 120 acres being in this township. All but one of his children live in this county. After the death of his first wife Mr. Varner was married a second time in 1872 to Miss Mary Ann Baldwin, a daughter of John Baldwin, of Ohio. She was born in March, 1824. He is a member of the Baptist church. TIMOTHY P. WAKEFIELD owes his nativity to Lawrence county, Ohio, where he was born in 1839. His grandfather, Peter Wakefield, a native of England, born August 7, 1764, was one bf seven brothers : William, Thomas, Joseph, Timothy, Ebenezer, John and Peter. They settled in New Hamp- shire and Vermont, and in 1806 Peter emigrated to Ohio, and laid the bottom log of the dam for the first mill in Lawrence county in 1809, and until fifteen years ago that log still remained where it was origi- nally placed. By his marriage he had three sons: Winchester, born August 1, 1796, now living on the Ohio river, in Lawrence county, Ohio; Benjamin, born August 13, 1809, also in Lawrence county, and George W., born March 15, 180-, now in Louisiana, on the Gulf of Mexico. Benjamin Wakefield, the father of the subject of this sketch, a native of Ohio, was brought up a farmer, and married May 1, 1834, Miss Carthenia Judd, a daughter of Charles Judd. She was born in Lawrence county, Ohio, April 18, 1813. They were blessed HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1011 with five children : Mary A., born April 12, 1835 ; Timothy P., born March 15, 1839 ; Mighill, born December 11, 1841 ; Catharine L., born September 17, 1844, and Mahala B., born November 9, 1848. Mr. Wakefield was married a second time to Miss P. James, and by this marriage there were five children : Franklin, Talbott, Cora, George and John. Timothy P. Wakefield remained at home until seventeen years of age, when he entered college at Athens, Ohio, re- maining there some time. Afterwards he gave his attention to teach- ing in Ohio for eighteen months, and then in Illinois for one year. When the civil war broke out he enlisted August 13, 1862, and served over three years in company A, 87th Illinois mounted infantry, under Colonel Whiting's command, as sergeant. Upon returning from the army he located in Hamilton county, Illinois, and in the spring of 1866 was married to Miss Maggie A. Shoemaker, of McLeansborough, that county. She was born October 2, 1842, and was a daughter of Joshua Shoemaker, county and circuit clerk of Hamilton county. Mr. and Mrs. Wakefield have had six children : Harry, born November 7, 1870 ; Cory S., born October 5, 1873 ; Flora E., born April 28, 1876 ; Anna, born August 14, 1878 ; Zina V., born August 22, 1880 and an infant, born in March, 1883. Mr. Wakefield came to Missouri in 1866, and settled in St. Charles county, living there three years, when for five years he made his home in Pettis county. In 1875 he came to this county. Here he owns a farm of 160 acres, on section 25. Politically he has ever been a republican. T. R. ZIMMERMAN, was born on the 15th day of November, 1852, in Perry county, Penn- sylvania, in which county his father, D. F. Zimmerman, was also born March 27, 1827. He was the son of J. H. Zimmerman, a native of Pennsylvania and of German nationality. D. F. Zimmerman lived in the state of his birth until 1866. He was married about the year 1840 to a Miss Ickes, of the same state as himself, who survived but a few years, leaving at her death one child, Dianna. In 1849 Mr. Zimmer- man married Miss Anna E. Loy, originally from Pennsylvania, born in March, 1832, she being a daughter of Michael Loy. They were blessed with three children: T. R., Emma V., born in 1856, and David L., born February 16, 1862, died in 1864. In 1866, emigrat- ing to Missouri, the senior Zimmerman settled in Cooper county, and followed farming and stock raising until his death. He was a steadfast, honest man and was held in the highest esteem by the citi- zens of this county. For some time he gave his attention to mercan- 1012 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. tile interests, but previous to his death devoted his time to agricultural pursuits. He was a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church. T. R. Zimmerman acquired his education principally in the common schools, spending two years in a high school, and, lastly, attending Allison's family school. He has taught some in the public schools, but, on account of the confinement, was obliged to give up the occu- pation of teaching and devote himself to farming aud stock raising. He owns 200 acres of fine land in sections 23 and 27, well watered and drained. As an elocutionist Mr. Zimmerman has no superior in this township — if in the county. He is a great scholar, and a person of no mean literary talents and gives much attention to reading. MONITEAU TOWNSHIP. ALFRED B. ALEXANDER is the proprietor of Red Gate farm, a most excellent place of 52T acres, located in section 4, of this township, and in section 5, of Mora township, Moniteau county. This, as now constituted, was purchased from his father, 327 acres in 1872 and in 1876 the remaining 200 acres. This does not include all his landed estate, as the 160 acres cornering on sections 30 and 32, this township, are owned by him, as are also 147 acres in Moniteau county — in all about 835 acres. Mr. Alexander was born January 1, 1851, in Moniteau township, ' Cooper county, Missouri. His education was received here, he at- tending for two terms the school at Prairie Home and after that one term at Bunceton, under the preceptorship of Professor Cully. His father, Alfred A. Alexander, was born August 10, 1806, in Woodford county, Kentucky, and on August 27, 1827, was joined in marriage to- Miss Alpha A. Stephens, born July 22, 1811, in Tennessee, and a daughter of Peter Stephens, a native of that state. She was a small child when her parents removed to Cooper county, they settling in Kelly township. Mr. and Mrs. Alexander had eleven children born to them, viz. : Louisa, who died in infancy; Polly A., born Decem- ber, 25, 1829, and wife of Joseph H. Stinson, now of Jackson county ;. Elizabeth, born January 2, 1832, married Stephen Howard and died April 19, 1855; James B., born September 2, 1834, married Miss Mary E. Reavis, died December 8, 1878 ; Joan , born January 22 r 1837, married John D. Wood, now of Moniteau county ; Peter S., born HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1015 February 21, 1839, married Miss Sally A. China, now of Jackson county; Nero C, born June 2, 1841, married Miss Mary Mack, and, subsequently, Miss Mary Canton, of Illinois, died August 5, 1870; Calpernia S., born November 16, 1843, married FrasierMcYean, now a widow; Jael K., born December 6,1845, and now the wife of Dr. J. K. P. Idol ; Alpha A., born September 4, 1848, married James R. Wood, died March 28, 1877 ; and Alfred B., the subject of this sketch, who married Mrs. Laura B. Trundle, of Jackson county, Missouri, September 14, 1876. They had one child, James P. T., born Decem- ber 13, 1878, died January 17, 1879. Mrs. Alexander departed this life December 30, 1878. On the 23d of March, 1880, Mr. Alexander again married, Miss Kate H., daughter of Colonel V. M. and Tabitha J. Kenney, of Paris, Kentucky, becoming his wife. They have two children : Alfred K., born July 31, 1881, and Laura B., born January 12, 1883. Mr. Alexander's father accompanied his parents to this county, when yet a small boy, from Kentucky in 1811, they settling in the fort known as Hannah Cole's fort. He was a resident of this county from 1811 until his death, August 29, 1877, his wife having lived here from the time of her immigration from Tennessee, 1812 or 1813, until her demise, February 22, 1879. Both were among the original members of the Mt. Pleasant Baptist church, formed in 1817, and located first on section 2, near the Moniteau county line, and subse- quently moved to the northeast coiner of the same section, where, instead of worshipping in a log-house, a frame building was used. Al- fred B. Alexander, while giving some attention to the raising of wheat and corn, has from a boy been accustomed to handling all kinds of stock. This he has made bis life business, and has become thoroughly familiar with all its details. His farm is admirably arranged for the prosecution of this industry, and the surroundings of his place — fences, buildings, hedges, etc. — give ample indications of the successful agriculturist. Mr. Alexander is a member of Lodge No. 56, A. F. & A. M. at Tipton. Mrs. Alexander holds membership in the O. S. Presbyterian church of the same place. CHAELES H. ALLISON. That time and means spent for education in early life is the best investment that can be made, is illustrated beyond " a hinge or loop to hang a doubt upon " by the lives of those in whose interest it has been made. And the life of Mr. Allison forms no exception to the general rule v Thoroughly educated in early life, his services since have been of a value to society that is beyond estimation, and which he could 1014 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. never have even hoped to render without the education he received. For fifteen years he was the principal of the Male Collegiate Institute of Boonville, an institution he founded and built up, and which was finally merged into the present excellent public school of that city. Thus for a few years time and a little means spent in the acquirement of an education, he has given back to his native county a service, the inestimable influence of which will go vibrating through the ages like the undulations of a wave upon a shoreless sea. And in his retire- ment to a farm life, the impress of a cultured mind is visible every- where around him. Not only is he a better and more successful farmer than he otherwise could have been, but his place has been made one of the best in improvements, taste and intelligent adaptability to farm purposes in the county. In short, his farm is a fitting abode for the successful farmer and educated gentleman. He was born in the township where he now lives on the 3d of December, 1824, and in boyhood attended the ordinary schools of the neighborhood. But de- termining to fit himself for the bar, he left home at the age of eighteen and entered a prominent private school of the day, kept by C. W. Todd, at Boonville, then editor, also, of the Boonville Herald. He continued in that > school about sixteen months, and then became a student in Kemper's school, where he remained about two years. After this he taught school for nearly a year, when he became a ma- triculate in the state university at Columbia, from which he graduated with marked honor in 1852. Returning after his university course he began teaching in order to prosecute the study of the law, and soon formed a taste for the calling of an educator, which determined him to adopt that as his life-work. Accordingly he founded the Male Col- legiate Institute already mentioned, and built it up to a high point of success. A friend to general education, however, and seeing in the public school system an efficient agency for general education, he gave way to it and sold his school building to the school board of Boon- ville, He then shortly engaged in farming, and has become not less successful as a farmer than he was as an educator. December 23, 1852, he was married to Miss Amanda C, daughter of David and Margaret Adams, who were among the first settlers of Cooper county. Mr. and Mrs. Allison have been blessed with eight children, six of whom are living: John F., William C, David A., Edward L., Mag- gie A. and Cora I. Mr. Allison held the office of county surveyor for twelve years by successive elections. He is a brother of S. C. Alli- son, whose sketch also appears in this volume, in which will be found a notice of the lives of their parents. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOP$t COUNTIES. 1015 STEPHEN C. ALLISON, farmer. Like many of the better class of citizens of Cooper county, Mr. Allison is a descendant of pioneer settlers of this county. " Hi s father, William Allison, came here in 1812, and in common with others in that early day, early occupied Fort Hannah Cole for a time, Mrs. Cole, for whom the fort was named, being a sister of his. In 1824, William Allison was married to Miss Martha J. Williams, who, with her parents also, came to this county in an early day. She was from Maury county, Tennessee, and he from Wythe county, Virginia. Of this union, sixteen children were born, eleven sons and five daughters, of whom nine are living: Charles H., Stephen C, Eliza J., Wm. R., John R., Mary A., David C, Peyton A. and Benjamin F. William Allison, the father of these, became a leading farmer of the county, and at his death was the owner of 800 acres of fine land in this and adjoining counties. He died in 1864, aged sixty-eight years. He was a soldier, first lieutenant under Captain Porter, in the war of 1812, and located a tract of land in St. Clair county on a warrant received from the government for military service. Mrs. Allison, his widow, died in 1871, aged sixty-five years. Stephen C. Allison, the subject of this sketch, was born December 22, 1825, and now lives on a part of the old homestead, where he was reared, and still cultivates the same land where he first learned to follow the plow. He has an ex- cellent farm aud is a leading grain and stock raiser in his neighbor- hood. January 4, 1855, he was married to Miss Nancy B. Mitchell, who was born November 29, 1834, daughter of William N. and Mar- garet Mitchell, early settlers of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Allison have a family of five sons and two daughters : William R., born Nov- ember 5, 1855 ; Mary A., born July 16, 1857 ; Walter B., born May 6, 1861 ; Aubryn W., born June 30, 1863 ; Eliza L., born December 7,1866; Emmet E., born July 28, 1869; and Thomas M., born March 14, 1872. William R. married Miss J. Harrow and Mary A. married C. W. Kern, of Howard county, but are now residents of this county. William A., and wife are members of the Baptist church at Pisgah. GILBERT APPERSON. Mr. Apperson was principally reared in Cooper county, and has followed farming here since he first started out in life for himself. He was a son of Francis and Nancy (Spears) Apperson, both natives of North Carolina, who came here directly from Kentucky, of which state they had become residents in an early day. Their family num- bered seven children, of whom four are still living, Gilbert being the 1016 HISTORY OF frlOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. eldest. He was born before his parents left Kentucky, in Monroe county of that state, May 12, 1812. His father died in 1842, leaving a large landed estate in this county, on a part of which Gilbert now lives. His mother died in 1842. After reaching manhood, Gilbert Apperson was married, March 16, 1837, to Miss Martha, daughter of Thomas and Mary Berkley, who settled in this county from Virginia in 1831. Of this marriage seven children were born, four of whom are now living, Mary E. ; William F., in Idaho ; Benona J.; and Robert J. Mr. Apperson and wife are members of the Baptist church at Pisgah. FREDERICK WILLIAM BOHM, miller and engineer. Mr. Bohm was a son of Frederick William, Sr., and Caroline (Hostmeaern) Bohm, both natives of Westphalia, Ger- many, who immigrated to this country and settled in St. Louis in 1844. Besides Frederick William, there are two of their family of six children now living. Their father died of cholera in St. Louis during the epidemic of 1849. Subsequently their mother married Frederick Schlinger of that city, whom she had known in der lieb alt vaterland, but no children resulted from her second marriage. She died Febru- ary 13, 1883, aged seventy-three years. Frederick William, the subject of this sketch, was born in his father's native country, near Minden on the Weser, February 13, 1834, and was, therefore, fourteen years of age when brought to this country by his parents. Some years afterwards, in 1848, he came from St. Louis and located in Boonville, and here, September 25, 1859, he was married to Miss Missouri A. Son, of this county. Eleven children have been born to them, six daughters and five sons, of whom there are eight living: Mary, born August 1, 1860; Amelia, born August 11, 1862; Henry, born August 21, 1864; Martha, born December 13, 1867; Emma, born January 13, 1869, deceased ; Julia, born June 29, 1871 ; Freder- ick William, born in 1873, deceased ; William M., born January 25, 1874, deceased; Everett R., born December 8, 1876; Huchie G., born January 27,, 1878; and Margaret, born November 25, 1881. Mr. Bohm removed to Moniteau township in 1877, where he has since resided. He and his wife are members of the Baptist church of Pisgah. Mr. Bohm is an experienced and skilful engineer and miller. He has been a resident of Cooper county since 1851. JAMES M. BONAR, farmer. Mr. Bouar has been a resident of this state but eight years, having came out from Pendleton county, Kentucky, where he was born HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1017 and reared, in 1875, and located in this county, in Clark's Fork town- ship. He was born October 25, 1849, and is the eldest of a family of three children of Washington F. and Patsey (Ervin) Bonar, all still residents of Kentucky. His father was born in Pendleton county, in December, 1825, and his mother in the Blue Grass state, in 1828. Their second child, Mary E., was born in August, 1851, and is now the wife of Charles Taylor; their second daughter, Margaret J., is a young lady residing with her parents. After coming to this county James M. Bonar was married, May 11, 1875, to Miss Cassandra Eus- sell. They have three children : Lydia, B., Wyon E. and an infant ■daughter. In 1879, Mr. Bonar removed to Moniteau township, where he purchased his present farm and still resides. He is an industrious farmer and will doubtless prove a valuable accession to the farming in- terests of this county. He is a member of the A. F. and A. M. JUDGE ANDREW B. COLE. Judge Cole was one of a family of thirteen children, nine sons and four daughters, twelve of whom are still living, of Samuel and Sally (Briscoe) Cole, both of whom were reared here in the pion- eer days of the county. Samuel Cole, the father, was but seven years of age when his parents settled in this county from Virginia, in 1808, and for five years following they were compelled to live more or less in the fort known as Hannah Cole's fort, on account of Indian out- breaks. Brought up amidst such surroundings, young Samuel became inured to the hardships and dangers of pioneer life, and at, an early age made himself conspicuous by his fearless, adventurous spirit. When but twelve years old he came within a hair's breadth of shoot- ing an Indian, whom he caught slipping stealthily up to the house with evident evil intent, and would have done so had not his mother stopped him in the very act of firing the fatal shot. From this time forward, and until affairs became comparatively settled, his life was a series of stirring adventures, both dangerous and amusing. He is the Samuel Cole of whom the anecdote is told of swimming the Missouri river with his pet bull to attend a dance on the opposite side. How- ever, instead of across the river, he really swam down it about three miles and back again, a-hold of his bull's tail, amidst the shouts of laughter and applause of those witnessing this performance. It is also related of him, with more truth than fiction, that while a soldier in the Mexican war, having made a clothes peddler who annoyed the camp, dance before a crowd of fellow-soldiers, for the amusement of the spectators, the peddler, after dancing to their satisfac- 1018 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. tion and pretending to take it all as a joke, watched his oppor- tunity and, suddenly seizing a revolver, turned the tables on young Cole and made his former persecutor dance before the same spectators until, a cold December morning as it was, the sweat coursed freely down his face, and the retaliation, so courageous and just on the peddler's part, could not, without meanness and cowardice, be objected to by the other soldidrs, for it was all a joke ( ! ) But further space for side incidents and experience cannot here be given. His first wife, who came from Kentucky with her parents wheu quiet young, in 1813, died October 14, 1854; and in 1857, Mr. Cole was married a second time, Mrs. Catherine Patrick, a widow lady, then becoming his wife. With her he is living on his homestead in Pales- tine township at the advanced age of eighty-two years, hale and hardy, and as vigorous in mind and body as men usually are twenty years his junior. Two daughters were reared of his second marriage. Judge Cole, a son by his father's first marriage, was born October 4, 1827, and formany years has been a leading farmer and prominent citizen of the county. He has an excellent farm well improved in Moniteau town- ship, and is comfortably situated in life. In 1878 he was elected pre- siding judge of the county court, which office he filled for four years and with marked ability and entire satisfaction to the public. He has been twice married. June 27, 1855, he was united in matrimony to Miss Rebecca A., daughter of Judge Jacob and Mary Baughman. She died January 6, 1864, having been the mother of three children, one of whom is dead: William H., born December 6, 1855; Mary E., born September 14, 1857, now married; and Clara A., born De- cember 16, 1859, died December 13, 1879. Judge Cole's second wife was previously Miss Mary J., daughter of Charles and Maria Hickox, to whom he was married April 10, 1866. Three children were born of this marriage : Charles E., born January 1, 1867; James W., born September 19, 1869, died January 23, 1872; and George T., born October 2, 1875. Judge and Mrs. Cole are members of the Baptist church, and the Judge is a member of the A. F. and A. M. JOHN B. ENGLISH. Mr. English came to this county from Moniteau county, this State, where he was born and reared, in 1879, and bought a tract of 333 acres of land, of which his present farm is a part. He devotes his attention to raising grain mainly, but also raises live stock in a general way. He is a substantial, well-to-do farmer, and is a valuable addition to the farming community of Moniteau town- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1019 ship. He was born June 22d, 1849, and was the second of a family of nine children born to Boyd M. and Catharine (Maupin) English, both natives of Moniteau, who were married in 1846. But three of their children, however, are living, James M , born February 1, 1847 ; John B., the subject of this sketch, and Margaret, born in 1848. After he grew up, John B., was married to Miss Susan J. Dill, of that county, March 26th, 1873. There are two of their family of three children living: Nero, born June 28th, 1877, and Gracie C, born April 26th, 1881 ; Bertie, the eldest, born January 8th, 1875, died October 4th, 1878. Mr. and Mrs. English are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, and he is a member of the A. F. and A. M. HARVEY M. GEORGE. Calvin George, the father of Harvey M., and now a merchant of Texas, is a native of Tennessee, but came to Missouri in early life, and was married in this county to Miss Jane Scott. Here they reared their family and lived until 1875, when the parents removed to Texas. Harvey M., was one of a family of seven children, six of whom are now living, three sons and three daughters. He was born November 4th, 1842: Farming has constituted his life occupation, except for a time during the war, when he was " revenue storekeeper" in the em- ploy of the government. His farm contains 120 acres of good land, and he has it comfortably improved. September 19th, 1868, he was united in the holy bonds of matrimony with Miss Martha Burrus. They have six children. Leslie E., born October 2d, 1869; Mattie F., born January 14th, 1874 ; Minnie, born March 29th, 1876 ; Anna, born March 25th, 1878 ; Stella, born June 14th, 1880, and an infant, born September 16th, 1882. Mr. G. is a member of the Baptist church at Pisgah. WILLIAM B. HUNT. William B. Hunt was the tenth of a family of twelve children of Wm. B., Sr., and wife Nancy, formerly a Miss Jones, the father origi- nally of Buncombe county, North Carolina, and the mother, of War- ren county, Kentucky. They were married in 1811, he at the age of twenty-two, she seven years his junior. Of their family of children, seven are now living: Daniel, of Jasper county ; Mary, widow of L. D. Reavis, now a resident of Warrensburg : Louisa, Zilpha, wife of Wm. Apperson ; Martha, wife of Wm. A. Johnson ; Wm. B.,and Jane, wife of James York. William B. Hunt, the subject of this sketch was born in Moniteau township, April 4, 1831, and was 1020 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. reared in this county. July 10, 1859, he was married to Miss Sarah J. Boswell. They have four children living, one, Mattie, having died in infancy; Mollie L., born May 27, 1860, married to R. M. Claw- son; Daniel W., born December 3, 1861; Ludie L., born April 6, 1865, and Nancy, born January 14, 1868. Mrs. Hunt the mother of these died October 9, 1871. He owns a neat farm of eighty acres, and is an intelligent, industrious farmer. He is a member of the Baptist church at Mt. Pisgah, and also of the A. F. and A. M. GILBERT F. JONES, farmer, section 5. David Jones, the grandfather of Gilbert F., was one of the earliest settlers of Cooper county, and represented the county in an early day in the state legislature. His son, David A., the father of Gilbert, was born in this county in 1826, and after grow- ing up was married to Miss Melvina Lee, of Howard county. Of this union there were ten children born, of whom seven are still liv- ing, five sons and two daughters, Gilbert F. being the second in birth .and the eldest of those living. He was born February 1, 1849, and was reared in this county. At the age of nineteen he was married to Miss Nancy M. Apperson, November 25, 1868. Five children have resulted from this union : David W., born July 12, 1870 ; Lewis F., born September 4, 1872; Nannie L., born January 25, 1875; Rich- ard L., born November 1,1876, and Minnie P., born August 11, 1879. Mr. Jones is a farmer by occupation and is located as above stated. He and his wife are both members of the Baptist church at Pisgah. WILLIAM D. KIMSEY, farmer. Benjamin Kimsey, the father of William D., was a native of North Carolina, born April 25, 1794. In an early day his parents removed to Tennessee, and in 1817, bis father having died, he, with his mother and two sisters, came to Missouri and settled in Howard county. There he met and married Miss Elizabeth Morris, also orig- inally from North Carolina, who was brought by her parents first to Kentucky in 1789 and then, in 1818, to Howard county. Their mar- riage occurred a short time after her arrival there, she then being a young lady a few years her husband's junior. Eight children, five sous and three daughters, followed their union, but two of whom, however, are living: Francis M., born December, 27, 1832, married Miss Martha Baxter, now residents of Arkansas, and William D., the subject of this sketch. Their mother died, March 3, 1858, in Platte county, whither the parents had removed and their father in the HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1021 same county, March 25, 1876. William D. Kimsey was reared in • Howard county, where he was bora February 19, 1834, and where he was married, February 3, 1858, to Miss Permelia Baxter. She was born January 16, 1842. They have had twelve children, six sons and six daughters, five of whom are living; Elizabeth A., born January 17,1862; Daniel W., born November 22,1864; Martha C, born June 27, 1866, died April 18, 1867; Francis M., born February 23, 1868; Jackson W., born March 30, 1870; Eosa E., born January 18, 1874, died September 5, 1874 ; Anna G., born November 25, 1880, died October 14, 1881, and an infant, born March 17, 1883. Three died in infancy. In 1879 Mr. Kimsey sold his farm in Howard county and came to Cooper county and purchased his present place of 174 acres. He is an energetic farmer and is one of that class of industrious, thrifty agriculturalists who never fail to succeed where- ever they cast their fortunes. He and his wife are both members of the Baptist church, and he is a member of the A. F. and A. M. JUDGE ROBERT A. M'CULLOCH, farmer. Few men have been longer or more worthily identified with the material development and prosperity of Cooper county than Jud°-e McCulloch. Principally reared here, he early became a leading farmer of the county, and for nearly half a century has contributed by his industry, intelligence and enterprise to the upward and onward progress of the county, from a comparative wilderness to one of the wealthiest and most progressive communities of the State. He was born in Albemarle county, Virginia, November 2, 1825, and is the fifth of six children now living reared by Thomas and Mary (McCune) McCulloch, both natives of the Old Dominion. In 1828 the parents < came to Missouri and settled in Franklin township, Howard county, but in the spring of 1831 came over to Moniteau township in this county where they bought and entered 800 acres of land on which they made their permanent home. The father became one of the wealthy farmers and prominent citizens of the county. He died here in 1853, his wife having preceded him to the grave about six years. Robert A., the subject of this sketch, grew up on his father's farm and in 1857 was married to Miss Mary E., daughter of James A. and Mary H. Mahan, of this county. Three children are the fruit of this union: Mary M., born July 21, 1859; Matilda, born October 13, 1860, and Albert, born October 29, 1871. The mother of these died four years ago, January 1, 1879, of pneumonia. Judge McCulloch's farm contains several hundred acres of fine land, and he gives his 66 1022 History of howard and cooper counties. attention principally to grain and stock raising. During the gold excitement in 1849 he went to California, making the trip across the continent by ox train in four months. He remained on the Pacific coast about four years and returned by the pack mule system of travel. In an early day, long before railroads linked the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, he accomplished the remarkable journey of travelling from ocean to ocean by horseback. In 1874 he was elected by a majority highly complimentary to him personally to the office of judge of the county court, which position he held for four years. As a citizen he is enterprising and public spirited and is ever ready to lend a helping hand to any movement looking to the advancement of the public interests, and as a farmer he is energetic, progressive and more than ordinarily successful. As a neighbor he is hospitable and kind, and as a man he is upright and honorable and above reproach. JEFFERSON C. MARTIN. Mr. Martin was the eighth of a family of ten children of Moses and Nancy E. (Burrus) Martin, late of this county, but both now deceased. The father was born November 17th, 1801, in Kentucky, and the mother the year following, in the same state. They were reared there and married in 1820, and one year after their marriage removed to this state and settled in Moniteau township of Cooper county. Here their children were born and reared, and here the parents died, the father November 17th, 1871, and the mother nine years afterwards, October 23d, 1880. Their children are as follows: Louisa, deceased ; Martha A., wife of William Hestard, of Moniteau county; Mary, deceased ; William B., late of Chariton county, de- ceased ; John S., of Texas ; Melissa, widow of John Maiter, deceased ; Malinda, deceased; Jefferson C, James M., of Henry county ; and George W., deceased — the last two twins. Jefferson C. Martin, the subject of this sketch, was born June 1st, 1835. Reared on a farm, he naturally adopted farming as his occupation for life, and has followed it from youth. May 6th, 1863, he was married to Miss Eliza J. Martin, of Moniteau county .They have had six children, of whom four are living. The following are the dates of the births and deaths of these children: William H., born January 19, 1864; George F., born November 1,3th, 1865, died November 15th, 1867 ; Mary L., born April 21st, 1870 ; Viola J., born April 17th, 1873 ; Willis W., born June 7th, 1879 ; Minnie O., born February 20th, 1881, died July 21st, 1882. Mrs. Martin is a member of the Baptist church of Mount Pleasant. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1023 JOHN H. MARTIN, farmer. Mr.' Martin entered upon the activities of life for himself without anything, comparatively, to begin on, and by industry and economy has established himself on a good farm of 240 acres, which he bought from time to time, as he was able to pay for it, and which he now has comfortably and substantially improved. He was born in Cooper county, Missouri, December 5th, 1834. His father, Isham Martin, and mother, formerly Elizabeth Hill, were both natives of Ten- nessee, and were married in 1817. They came to this county, in an early day, and both died here, he in 1873, and she two years after- wards. They had eleven children, six of whom are living, four sons and two daughters. In early manhood John H., the subject of this shetch, was married to Miss Rebecca C. Drinkerater. She died December 20th, 1857,, leaving one child, Permelia J., born June 5th, 1855. Mr. Martin was married a second time, Miss Susan A. Burrus then becoming his wife. Four children have been born of this union, Cynthia A., born December 29th, 1860, died June 5th, 1865 ; Albert D., born February 9th, 1863 ; William P., born April 22d, 1867, and Sarah E., born February 19th, 1869. Mr. and -Mrs. Martin are both members of the Baptist church of Mount Pleasant. EDWIN R. MAXEY. Mr. Maxey was the second of a family of nine children, of whom there are six still living: William G., Edwin R., Nancy A., Emily, JamesL., David A., the youngest. The father of these, Rev. John P. L. Maxey, was born .in Cumberland county, Kentucky in 1817, and their mother, formerly Miss Tolitha C. Jones, was born in Cooper county, Missouri, in 1822. Rev. John Maxey came to this state in early life, and here subsequently met and married Miss Jones, their marriage occurring in 1841. She died in 1878, but her husband is still living, now a resident of this county. Edwin R., after he grew up, February 17th, 1864, was married to Miss Nancy A., daughter of Henry S. and Mary A. Guyer, of Cooper county. She was born July 30th, 1844. Four children blessed this union, one of whom, however, is now de- ceased. Those living were born as follows : May C, November 30th, 1864; John H., August 7th, 1866; George F. S., November 21st, 1879. Mr. Maxey came to Cooper county with his parents, who removed here in 1861 from Jasper county, this state, where they had settled, since which he has been a resident princip ally of Moniteau township. He settled on his present farm a number of years ago, and he now has his farm well improved. In 1882 he erected a new ; 1024 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. residence on his farm, which is a model of completeness and neatness. He and his entire family are members of the Cumberland Presbyter- ian church of Moniteau township. HUGH G. ODNEAL, farmer, was born on the 24th of January, 1837, and is a native of Moniteau county, Missouri. His parents were Valentine and Daisy (Gilbreath) Odneal, both originally from Tennessee, the former born February 5, 1812, and the latter December 25, 1815. They emigrated with their parents to Missouri at an early day, and subsequently, August 14, 1834, were married. The result of this union was eight children, as follows: William J., born August 21, 1835, died December 22, 1862, having been killed at Tipton by Federal troops ; Thomas B., born April 15, 1840, died in 1873, in Texas; John W., born January 25, 1842, married Miss Wilmerth I. Yarnyard, who dying soon afterward, he again married, Miss Alice Barnes, of Texas, becoming his wife; James Mason, born April 2, 1844; George C, born September 22, 1846, married Miss Jane Harris ; Nancy J., born July yi , 1850, married Arsenus Foster ; Madora R., born January 25, 1852, wife of Thomas Hanners, and Hugh G. The latter, the second child in the family, married Miss Narcissa Jeffress, of Cooper county, and they had one child, Valentine J. L., born December 22, 1860, died August 16, 1876. Mrs. Odneal died November 22, 1862. On December 21, 1865, Mr. O. married Miss Martha J. Devasher, of Cooper county. They are the parents of three sons and one daughter : Daniel M., born May 21, 1865; Jefferson D., bom August 8, 1866; Nancy R., born April 28, 1873; and Thomas M., born April 14, 1879. Mr. Odneal's farm of 160 acres, in section 5, of this town- ship, is a fine one and he is cultivating it in an excellent manner, fully in keeping with the character of the man. JOHN C. PEALER, farmer and stock raiser. Mr. Pealer is a worthy representative of the distinguishing and sterling qualities of the German character — industry, level-headedness and thrift. He was born in Bighenbauch, Darmstadt, Germany, June 13, 1833, but was reared in this country, being but five years old when his parents immigrated to America. He was married February 18, 1858, to Maiy A., daughter of David Bittenger, of Richland county, Ohio, where he himself was brought up and started out in life after his marriage without a dollar. He rented a piece of ground for a year and went to work on it, farming, HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1025 • and kept it seven years. He had then accumulated enough to buy a farm of his own, which he did, purchasing a place in Kosciusko county, Indiana, in partnership with his former landlord. They sold it in five months at an advance of $1,000. He then went to Iowa and bought a farm there, and in two years sold that place at an advance of $900. He bought again and in a few years more sold a third time, with a clear profit of over $1,000. In the mean time he had been successful as a farmer as well as a land dealer. In 1873 he came to this county and bought a fine tract of 200 acres of land in Moniteau township, which has been increased to 280 acres, a part of which his sons own and they now have one of the best grain and stock farms in the county. They raise all kinds of stock and have fine grades of almost every class. Mr. and Mrs. Pealer have six children : John M., Milton A., Luetta M., wife of William Mun ; Eleanor C, wife of James Stephens ; Zella and R. F. Mr. Pealer was the fourth of a family of ten children, six of whom are living, born to John C. and Margaret Pealer, both of whom are still living in Ohio, and both are nearly eighty years of age, yet both are hale and vigorous. EUGENE L. PRIEST, M. D. One of the most thoroughly educated and capable physicians of Cooper county is the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He is a son of George L. Priest, a leading and worthy farmer of Pettis county, and was born in that county, September 5, 1859. His father is a native of Kentucky, born in Logan county, June 25, 1803. His mother was originally of North Carolina, but came to Kentucky with her parents in early life, and there became the wife of George L. Priest, November 25, 1823. She is two years her husband's junior. Eleven children were born of this union, of whom four sons and four daughters are living, the doctor being the youngest of the family. Eugene L., after taking the usual course in the common schools in Pettis county, at the age of fifteen went to McLain county, Kentucky, and there entered the high school of Calhoun, where he continued as a student three years. He then entered the widely and favorably known Bethel college, of Russellville, Logan county, that state, where he had the benefit of an advanced course of study. Shortly after the conclusion of his college career, he began the study of medicine, under Dr. J. F. Hedges, a prominent physician of Pettis county, Missouri, and for three years applied himself to the preparatory cur- riculum of medical works, with untiring industry and diligence. In 1874 he became a, matriculate in the medical college of Louisville, 1026 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. e Kentucky, and remained there for two years, graduating with marked 1 honor iu the centennial class of that institution. Immediately after his graduation he entered actively and vigorously upon the practice of his profession. He has been at his present location since 1878, and by his skill and ability as a physician, as well as the excellent success that has attended his professional labors, he has built up a wide and lucrative practice. Prior to 1878 he practised mainly in Pettis county. The doctor is a member of the M. E. church, and of the I. O. O. F. JAMES V. STEWART, farmer. Mr. Stewart is a Pennsylvanian by birth, who came here since the war, in 1868, with but little else to make his way in the world than an upright character, a good education and industrious, economical habits. He taught school for some time, and when not teaching gave his attention to farming. Finally he became able to buy a farm, and purchased an excellent place of 100 acres, on which he is now living. November 25, 1872, then twenty-four years of age, he was married, in this county, to Miss Margaret Douglass. Their union has been blessed with five children: Adella J., born December 16, 1873 ; Katie, born November 22, 1875 ; the third child died in infancy; Thomas S., born June 16, 1879; and Cora, born December 27, 1882. Mr. Stewart was the seventh of a family of eight children, of Wm. and Eliza J. (Gibson) Stewart, of Butler county, Pennsylvania, and was born March 4, 1848. His parents are now both deceased, and but five of their children are living. James V. was educated in West Sunbury academy, Pennsylvania, and since his academic course followed school teaching about thirteen years, after which he turned his attention exclusively to farming. Still a young man, and having already made a good start in life, he has the prospect before him of becoming one of the leading farmers and prominent citizens of the county. CHRISTIAN CARL TRE1BER, farmer and stock raiser, section 4. Among all the immigrants who flock to the shores of this country, none are more welcome or make better or more valuable citizens than those of the German agricultural class. Industrious, intelligent and perfectly reliable, they are al- most invariably prosperous farmers and law-abiding, useful citizens. Prominent among this class in Cooper county is the gentleman whose name heads the sketch. It is no disparagement to others to say that he is one of the best farmers of the county and that his farm is one of HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1027 the finest in the surrounding country. It contains 552 acres, or nearly a whole section, which would make it a mile in every direction in the form of a square, and is exceptionally well improved in'every particular ; his residence, barns and other buildings are of a very superior class, and his fences and general improvements are of the first quality. His place is kept in excellent, business-like condition, and is well arranged with regard to fields, pastures, etc., for a first- class grain and stock farm. By the industry and enterprise of citizens like Mr. Treiber, Cooper has been made one of the foremost counties of the state, and by them it is still being carried forward to greater wealth and prosperity. Christian Carl Treiber was born in°Bona, Saxony, Germany, November 2, 1827, and was reared and educated in his native country, receiving in youth more than an average educa- tion. He is the only surviving one of a family of four sons, born to his parents, Christian Frederick Treiber and wife, formerly Miss Christine Elizabeth Harold. His father was born in Groitzsh, Saxony, May 5, 1795, and his mother in Bona, of the same kingdom, May 6, 1805. They were married in that country January 11, 1824, and there reared their family. The father died in Saxony February 28, 1878, but the mother is still living there, a widow at the a<*e of seventy-eight years. Christian Carl Treiber, after reaching man- hood, was married in his twenty-fourth year, June 6, 1854, to Miss Theresia Pauline Showmann, of Saxony, and of their union six chil- dren have been born, five of whom are living: Christian Carl, Jr., born December 27, 1855, married Miss Emma Hobrecht and is now a clothier in California, Missouri ; Minnie Mary, born November 30, 1859, now in Germany ; Christian Frederick, born December 20, 1861 ; Anna Mary, born May 29, 1863, still in Germany, and Ernest Emil, born October 7, 1866, now in Chicago preparing for the whole- sale clothing business. Christian William, the second child, born March 27, 1857, died November 28, 1873. Emigrating to this country some time afterwards, in 1879, Mr. Treiber bought his present farm in Moniteau township, and has since given his whole attention to his farm interests. Besides grain he raises cattle, mules and hogs for the market, and is highly successful in all these interests. As citizen he is upright and unvaryingly law-abiding, and as a neighbor, kind, ac- commodating and hospitable. He is a member of the German Lu- theran church at Clark's Fork. JOHN B. WHITE, farmer and stock raiser aud dealer. In a comparatively early day the parents of Mr. White emigrated from Kentucky and settled in Moniteau 1028 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. county, this state, where they reared their family and lived until their death. His father, John White, was originally from Alabama, and was born in 1815. His mother, formerly Miss Mary Stinson, was a native of Kentucky, born in 1817. They were married in 1829, and the mother died in 1858, the father two years afterwards. Of their family of twelve children but seven are now living: Stephen H., of Moniteau county ; Martha, wife of S. P. Claybrooks, of Macon county ; Robert M. ; Marimna A., wife of J. G. Claybrooks, of Macon county; Edward S., of Gainsville, Texas; Ellis G. ' of Moniteau county, and John B., the subject of this sketch, born in Moniteau county April 2, 1838. In 1864 John B. White became a citizen of Cooper county. That year he bought a tract of land in Moniteau township, this county, and engaged in farming, having followed that occupation previously in his native county. He has been highly suc- cessful as a farmer, and now owns several hundred acres of fine land and has his farm well improved. He gives his attention to raising both grain and live stock, and for a number of years has been buying and shipping stock to the general wholesale markets. Wheat is his principal crop in grain, of which he produces annually the usual yield of a hundred acres. However, he always raises large quantities of corn. Mr. White was married February, 1864, to Miss Louisa J., daughter of Joshua and Elizabeth E. Martin. Five children have been born to them : Charles H., born December 14, 1865, died June 13, 1870 ; EmmaL., born June 1, 1870 ; Thompson D., born Decem- ber 1, 1872; Willie A., born March 21, 1875, and Walter E., born March 25, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. White are members of the Baptist church at Mount Pleasant, and Mr. White himself is a member of the A. F. & A. M. BENJAMIN D. WILSON, farmer and stock raiser. Among the substantial and well-to-do farmers and stock raisers of Moniteau township, the subject of this sketch is worthy of special mention. He was born in this township October 23, 1848, and was a son of Joseph A. and Mary J. (Dea'ring) Wilson who immigrated to this state from North Carolina in 1838, and settled in what is now Moniteau county. They had a family of nine children, seven of whom are living: Nancy M., born October 16, 1834; James P., born July 31, 1836; John W., born February 14, 1838; Susan I., born June 25, 1842; Martha L., born August 9, 1844; Benjamin D., born October 23, 1848, and Joseph E., born March 3, 1851. The mother of these died March 25, 1852, and their father married, November 17, 1855, Miss Marilda Wood. Two HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1029 daughters were born of this union : Alomanza, born February 20, 1856, and Prudence, born November 6, 1865. Their father died March 16, 1870. Benjamin, the subject of this sketch, after he grew up, was married to Mary J., daughter of John M. Lawson, May 25, 1871. She was born September 22, 1851. Four children have blessed this marriage: Georgia A., born March 22, 1872, Mary M., born August 14, 1875 ; Elbert M., born November 7, 1879, and John B., born January 31, 1882. Mr. Wilson's farm contains 160 acres of fine land in the Moniteau bottom and extending over some of the up- lands. He raises large quantities of grain and also cattle, hogs and mules for the markets. He has a fine flock of sheep, consisting of Cotswolds and Southdovvns. He is an enterprising, progressive farmer. OTTBEVILLB TOWNSHIP. FRANK J. ARNI, proprietor of blacksmith, wagon and general repair shop, owes his nativity to Switzerland, he having been born there in 1842. Christian Ami, his father was born in the same country and was there married and had five children, of whom three survive. His wife died while our subject was very small. The senior Ami, emigrating to America, took up his location in southern Illinois, at a point where the Illinois Central railway was in process of construction. Two years afterward he removed to St. Louis, and from there to Jefferson City, where he died in 1861. Frank J. Ami, learning the trade of blacksmith in that locality, remained there until. 1864, when he went to Pettis county. He soon came to Otterville, working in the employ of Henry Waggonish, until, in 1867 he started a shop of his own. In 1867, Mr. Ami was married to Miss Eliza Smith, whose father was George W. Smith. By this union there were five children : George C, Maggie, Virginia, Katie and Lloyd Saunders, Mr. Ami is enjoying an excellent trade, having constantly employed four or five men. Politically he is a Democrat, and he is a member of the school board, and is one of the town trustees. HENRY BENTE, originally from Germany, was bom in 1822. His father, Andy Bente, also a native of that country, was born about 1792, and took for his 1030 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. wife Miss Amelia Toke,. who bore him ten children, of whom Henry is the third child. Emigrating to the United States in 1853, he settled in Ohio, and on December 6, 1857, was married to Miss Dorate Copp, whose parents died when she was but a child. They have had eight children : Christopher H., born July 4th, 1858 ; W. Abuer, born October 10th, 1860 ; John M., born November 10th, 1862 ; Jeremiah, born September 20th, 1864,; Henry, born July 8th, 1866; George, born November 12, 1870 ; Minnie, born January 12th, 1873, and Charlie born in 1876. In 1858, Mr. Bente came to Missouri and settled in Pettis county, removing thence to Cooper county, in 1863, and here he has since lived. He is now actively engaged in farming, and stock raising, and has under his control about 200 acres of land. He is a democrat. His eldest son, Christopher, is attending the Cum- berland Presbyterian college, at Wadesburgh, Pennsylvania, prepar- ing himself for the ministry. WILLIAM M. BLYTHE, aKentuckian by birth, was born April 1st, 1822, his parents being John B. and Sarah Blythe, nee McCall, both natives of Kentucky, the former born about the year 1800. William M., the oldest of nine children, leaving home when twenty-one years of age, went to Cyn- thiana, Harrison county, Kentucky, to learn the blacksmith's trade, at which he worked three years, then going to Milford, Bracken county. After laboring there some time, he came to Missouri in 1855, living a short period in Morgan county, after which he pur- chased the farm now occupied by himself. This has since been his home, and here he has since followed blacksmithing and farming. Mr. Blythe was married in 1846 to Miss Nancy W. James, of Kentucky, and a daughter of Nathan James. She was born in December, 1824. To them were born ten children: John J., born in the year 1847 ; Benjamin F., September 16, 1848 ; W. J., May 16, 1850 ; Henry A., April 30, 1852 ; Eliza E., April 16, 1854 ; Emaline, April 19, 1856 ; James N., April 20, 1858 ; Margaret A., April 12, 1860 ; Mary, June 5, 1862, and Naucy, January 11, 1864. Mr. Blythe was married the second time September 5, 1864, to Miss Mary E. Fink, who was born April 29, 1837, she being the daughter of Joseph Fink, of Jefferson City. They are the parents of seven children : Daniel W., born in 1867 ; Charles E., 1869 ; Cordelia E., July, 1870 ; Ada I., Novem- ber, 1872 ; Bertha S., July 20, 1875 ; Francis L., November 2, 1878, and Jennie, March 26, 1880. Mr. Blythe was one of the earliest set- tlers in this portion of the county. He now owns 192 acres of land HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1031 in sections 5, 6, aud 7, his house, barn and shop being in section 5. This farm is well improved and is one of the best in the neighbor- hood, upon which is a fine residence. In politics he is a democrat. He still devotes some attention to his trade, working in both wood and iron. JOSEPH H. BRIDGES was born in Wayne county, Indiana, November 15, 1825, being the . sou of Joseph Bridges, a Virginian by birth, born in 1789. He went to Kentucky when a small boy and was there married to Miss Nancy Fitch in 1810. Joseph, the seventh child of a family of ten children, and one of six now surviving, remained with his father until thirty years old. January 1, 1854, he was married to Miss Sarah Bowman, the eldest daughter of a family of ten children of Jacob and Mary (Gudgel) Bowman, who were married May 26th 1831. The former was born in 1806, and the latter in 1810. To Mr. and Mrs. Bridges -have been born eight children : Lulu, born November 12, 1855, wife of Milton McCarty ; Cyrus, born September 28, 1857, married Miss Maggie Thompson ; Eva, born April 19,1860, now Mrs. George Riss- ler ; William, born August 21, 1862 ; Charles J., born August 1, 1865 ; Ollie, born August 3, 1869 ; James, born May 15, 187£, and Lizzie M., born September 15, 1874, and now deceased. In the fall of 1858 Mr. Bridges, leaving Indiana, located in Bureau county, Illinois, with his family, where he lived for seventeen years. Then he came to Missouri and settled at his present location. His estate embraces 153 acres in section 17, one-quarter of a mile from Clifton City, bor- dering on the railroad. His residence is surrounded with the finest of walnut timber, and commands a good view of the adjacent country. In politics he is a democrat, and religiously a Methodist, belonging to the M. E. church south, at Clifton. ISAAC BROOKS, a native of Maryland, was born January 30th, 1 830, and was the son of Joseph Brooks, born in the year 1802. On the 9th of September, 1827, he was married in Washington county, Maryland, near Harper's Ferry, to Miss Catharine Miller, also of Maryland, born April 26, 1810. They had eight children: Sarah E., born September 12, 1828 ; Isaac, borri January 30, 1830 ; Thomas, born December 6, 1832 ; JohnW., born November 22, 1834 ; Mary, born October 27, 1835 ; Joseph F., born December 30, 1838; Daniel A., born February 12, 1840 ; Louisa, born November 12, 1842. All these children but one are now living. When nineteen years old, Isaac, leaving home in 1032 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. company with his brother, Thomas, went to California (1850), return- ing in 1851. He then lived with his father (who had moved to Mis- souri in 1844), for two years, and then about a year elsewhere, in St. Louis county, Missouri. On September 6, 1855, he was married to Miss Amanda C. West, of St. Louis county, and a daughter of Thomas West, now of Pleasant Green, Cooper county. They have been blessed with seven children: Martha W., born August 13, 1856, married Washington Gillumon October 4, 1876 ; Thomas H., born June 10, 1858, married December 25, 1881, Eliza P. Chambers ; Sallie W., born February 20, 1860, married Thomas K. Godbey March 13, 1879; Joseph L., born February 14, 1862, died April 11, 1863; Kitty A., born September 10, 1864; Mary S., born Nevember 7, 1766, and John W., born June 28, 1869. Mr. Brooks is independ- ent in his political preferences. He owns sixty-two acres of land on section 31 , his residence being in the central portion of it. GEORGE T. BUTLER, a native of Ste. Genevieve county, Missouri, was born in 1844, his parents being David S. and Frances J. (Dugar) Butler, who were mar- ried November 27, 1823. The former was born near Richmond, in King William county, Virginia, March 5, 1795, and the latter was born February 17, 1804. To them were born eight 6hildren, of whom six are living. David Butler dying when George T. Was but three years old, the latter went to live with an uncle, Judge Butler, with whom he remained until eighteen years of age. Entering the United States army, he served in company A, 33d regiment, Missouri volun- teer infantry, serving tor eighteen months, when he was discharged ou account of disability. On March 31, 1869, he was married to Miss Annie Phillips, a daughter of Abraham Phillips. They have two chil- dren : George A. and Willie H. Mr. Butler commenced business at his present place as general merchant in 1875, though previously hav- ing been occupied as a confectioner. His business is constantly in- creasing, and his store is well stocked with goods in his line. TOM C. CRANMER Was born in Cooper county, Missouri, near Cliftpn City, on February 10, 1836, his birth place being included in the present farm of J. H. Bridges. His parents were George and Catharine F. Cranmer, nee Winters, who were married in 1822 or 1823. The former was bora in Kent county, Delaware, in 1801, and while a small boy was taken to Frankfort, Kentucky, where he served an apprenticeship as a cabinetr HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1033 maker. In 1826 he came to Booriville, Missouri, and shortly after- "wards moved to a place near where Clifton now stands, immediately, in 1829, commencing to build the first flour and grist mill in the eounty. This was located where the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroad crosses Lamine river, and was the central mill for a large population of people, many coming from far distant points, among others from Maysville, Arkansas. It also had a saw mill in connec- tion with the flouring mill. Mr. Cranmer, in 1842, disposed of it to Mr. EliCorum, and it was afterwards known as " Corum's mill." In 1850 he emigrated to California and died at Michigan Bluffs in 1855. His wife had died in this county in 1844. Tom C. was one of a family of ten children, only three of whom survive. In 1853 he made his first trip to California, remained there three years, and then returned, and from that time up to 1866 he had made twenty-four different trips across the plains to various places, such as Salt Lake, Santa Fe and other freighting points. In 1861 he enlisted at Osceola in the Confed- erate service, and served until surrendering, July 4, 1865. After continuing the freighting business for two years, he conducted a hotel at Otterville, and then, purchasing a farm, has since given his atten- tion to agricultural pursuits. Mr. Cranmer was the chosen represen- tative of the people for the 31st and 32d general assembly, and is now holding the same position. He is chairman of the committee on roads and highways, and a member of the committee on a perma- nent seat of government, which has for its duty the responsibility of guarding and looking after all public property. In politics he is a staunch democrat. On the 1st day of March, 1860, Mr. C. was mar- ried to Miss Lucy M. Taylor, of Otterville, and a daughter of Robert M.Taylor. They have been blessed with six children: George R., now deceased ; Pauline F., Wade Hampton, now deceased ; Mary E., Thomas R. and Catharine F. Miss Pauline is now attending Pilot Grove Collegiate Institute, which, under the able management of Professor Johnson, has become one of the leading schools of the state. Mr. Cranmer is a member of the Masonic fraternity. MONROE CRAWFORD, a native of Ohio, was born in 1837, and was the son of Thomas H. Crawford, of the same state, born in 1814. His wife was formerly Maria Teresa Barr, and they had one child — A. J. Crawford. Mr. Crawford, Sr., was married the second time to Elizabeth Dunington, arid to them were born five childreu : Monroe, R. H., E. T., Violet 1034 HISTORY- OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. M., Minerva A. Mrs. Crawford dying in 1844, Mr. Crawford was subsequently married to Catharine Gardner, who bore him one child — Catharine C. His fourth marriage was to a Mrs. Sharrom, a widow. They had seven children. The senior Crawford was the father of fourteen children, of whom ten were raised to manhood and woman- hood. When sixteen years of age, Monroe Crawford, our subject, commenced learning his trade with Murray S. Chase, at Newton, Wis- consin, and after remaining with him two years became occupied in harness making at La Crosse. Three years later he was working at the carpenter trade in Ohio, and continued in this one year, going thence to Illinois. He labored at his trade there for one year, moved to Wisconsin and stayed until the fall of 1861, when he enlisted in the 1st Wisconsin battery, serving for three years and then returning to Wisconsin. In 1861 he was married to Miss Mary A. Williams, a daughter of George Williams. They are the parents of two chil- dren : Ada F., born July 28, 1865, and IdaE., born December 29, 1867. Leaving Wisconsin in the spring of 1865 Mr. Crawford went to Illinois and remained until the fall of 1875, when he came to Otter- ville, Cooper county, Missouri. In a year he embarked in the under- taking business, also conducting a general furniture store. His stock is complete in necessities and -is very valuable. Politically he is a democrat. He is a member of Lodge No.. 102 I. O. O. F. at Otter- ville, and also belongs to the Christian church. P. F. CREAGAN owes his nativity to St. Lawrence county, New York, where he was born in 1836. His father, William Creagan, originally from county Meath, Ireland, was married in St. Lawrence county, New York, to Elizabeth Scullin, and to them were born seven girls and two boys, of which number P. F. was the fifth. In 1850 the senior Creagan died, his widow departing this life soon after. Our subject then spent about nine years in travelling through the east, and in 1859 he emigrated to Missouri and settled at St. Louis, living there for seven years. He was subsequently engaged in railroading in different capacities on the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroad, and in 1876 he located in Cooper county. Here he purchased a farm of 280 acres of good land, and is now occupied in improving it, having in process of erection a fine resi- dence, barn and outbuildings. Politically he is a democrat. He is a member of the Catholic church at Sedalia, and, owing to the fact that this denomination has no church building in Otterville, mass is often said at Mr. Creagan's house. In 1863 he was married to Miss Fannie HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1035 Keenan, of St. Louis, and a daughter of Daniel Keenan, of New York. They have had nine children : Fannie E. — known as Daisy— William J., Eva, Matt, Frank, Charles, Maggie, Leo and Henry. They are all living. REV. WILLIAM T. GILL was born in Marshall county, Tennessee, in 1836, and was the son of Joseph J. S. -Gill, born in North Carolina in June, 1816, Avho, on December 11, 1834, was united 'in marriage with Miss Angelina Moore, born in May, 1818. They were the parents of nine children : William T., Robert L., Alpha M., Mary Y., James A., Henry B., Joseph, Sallie H. and Olive F. Three of these children are deceased. When twenty years ot age William Gill commenced merchandising, continuing it until the late war. December 13, 1859, he was married to Miss Mary F. Lloyd, who was born in Huntsville, Alabama, in June, 1842. She was the daughter of William B. and M. P. Lloyd, both of Petersburg, Virginia. They have had eight children : Anna, born September 5, 1860, died the 6th of the same month ; Joseph Lloyd, born September 27, 1861, died November 7, 1861 ; Lulu Belle, born November 17, 1862; Mattie J., born January 10, 1865; Fannie M., born October 15, 1867, died September 15, 1869 ; Suella, born July 6, 1870 ; Mary A., born April 22, 1873, and TommieL., born July 13,1881. In 1862 Mr. Gill enlisted in Stone's regiment, Dysart's company of Forest's brigade, of the Confederate service, and served two months, when, on account of disability, he was honorably discharged. Then he engaged in tanning during the war, and upon the termination of hostilities became occupied in preaching, farming and merchandising, following these occupations until 1870. Then he became an itinerant minister in the southern conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, and has been actively engaged in preaching ever since. In November, 1881, he emigrated to Missouri, located at California and travelled the California circuit. At present he holds an appointment from the sowthwestern Missouri conference to preach on the Sedalia circuit, and is therefore located at Otterville. JOHN J. GILLUM was born in Cooper county, Missouri, in 1852, and was the son of Smith and Ann (Rice) Gillum, who were married in 1840. The former was born in 1812, near Louisa Court-House, Louisa county, Virginia. The latter was the daughter of Charles E. Rice, Esq. They were the parents of five children : Edward, Thomas, Charles M., G. W. and J. J. When the latter was but a year old his father died, 1036 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. his mother departing this life about a year later. Then he resided with his grandfather Eioe for fifteen years, at the expiration of which time he went to New Mexico. He remained there for eighteen months, spending the time in travelling and looking over the country, and, in 1869, he returned to Cooper county, becoming occupied in farming. This has since been his home, and he is now the owner of 120 acres of well improved land in section 5, a school-house being situated upon his property. March 26, 1873, Mr. Gillum was married to Miss Lucy Hogan, a daughter of William Hogan. She was born in 1854. They have two children : Wade, born in 1876, and Ada, born in 1880. In his political preferences he has ever been democratic. He is a member of the Christian church at Otterville. REV. JOSIAH GODBEY, originally from Pulaski county, Kentucky, was born June 30,1817, and was the son of William Godbey, a native of Caroline county, Virginia, born in 1781. He married Miss Sarah Smith, also a Vir- ginian by birth, and to them were born thirteen children: John, Jacob, Fannie, Nancy, Iby, Matilda, Sarah, William, Harrison H., Josiah L., Josiah and Josephine (twins), and Melissa. Of this num- ber, twelve grew up, but only six are now living, and three of the boys have been Methodist ministers. The subject of this sketch spent his youth at home until twenty years of age, when he was married in 1837 to Miss Sena Kelly, a daughter of Samuel and Nancy Kelly. By this union they have had ten children : William C, John E., Martha J., Sarah H., Milton, Samuel M., Josiah, Maggie, Thomas and Sena Alice. In 1833, Mr. Godbey having been converted, commenced studying for the ministry, though by his own efforts. In 1841 he entered the ministry of the M. E. church, by joining the Kentucky conference as an itinerant, being ordained two years later, in Louis- ville, by Bishop Morris. He continued to preach the gospel in Ken- tucky, with great success, for eleven j r ears, when, in September, 1852, he came to Missouri. For over thirty years he has been oc- cupied in the ministry in this state. J. B. GOLLADAY was born in Callaway county, Missouri, on the 7th of March, 1837, his father being John W. Golladay, a Virginian by birth, born in 1805, who married Miss Mary Bell. By this union there were three chil- dren : Francis M., George and J. B. Our subject remained with his father until twenty-five years of age, and March 6, 1863, he was mar- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1037 ried in this county to Miss Elvina Bidstraup, whose father, Doctor Bidstraup, died in Dade county when she was quite small She was born December 20, 1843. To them were born six children : Mollie, born November 29, 1864; Cora, born June 20, 1867; Ruth, born October 20, 1870 ; Jud, born January 11, 1872, and Joe, born May 30, 1877, are living, and one son, Frank, is deceased. Soon after his birth, Mr. Galloway was taken to Tennessee by his father, and lived there until he was ten years of age, then again coming to this county, where he has since resided, most of the time living in Otter- ville. His father was the first one to drive an omnibus into Boonville, it being an old-fashioned four-horse coach. By trade, Mr. Golladay is a painter, and is considered one of the best workmen in this part of the country. He was a member of the town council for five years, from 1875 to 1880 ; and during 1883, the people recognizing his pop- ularity and ability, elected him their mayor. He is now actively en- gaged in working at his trade. In politics he is a democrat. JERRY HARLAN, farmer and stock raiser, section 20, was born in Boyle county, Ken- tucky, July 24, 1826, his parents being Henry and Bertha Harlan, nee Bryant. The former, also a native of Boyle county, was born in 1798, and the latter was probably born about the year 1803. They were the parents of fourteen children, of whom the subjeet of this sketch was the seventh. When twenty-one years of age he com- menced working on a farm in his native county, and at the age of twenty-two he was married to Miss Isabella Robinson, who was born about the year 1827, and a daughter of Thomas Robinson. They had two children : William B., who died in February, 1881, and Elizabeth, now living. Mr. H. was again married in 1854 to America Myres, a daughter of Henry Myres. Her birth place was Stanford, Lincoln county, Kentucky. In 1865 Mr. Harlan took for his third wife Miss Sallie Hutchings, a daughter of Alamander Hutchings. They have three children : Louisa, born May 11, 1867 ; OlliejL., born December 25, 1871, and Alamander, born March 4, 1874. In 1855 Mr. H. first came to Cooper county, Missouri, locating at his present place of resi- dence, and, with the exception of two years and a half spent in Boyle county, Kentucky, has since made this his home. His present landed estate embraces 200 acres, though he formerly owned about 500 acres. He has given good farms to his children. He is now a demo- crat in his political preferences, but was raised a whig. He is a member of the M. E. church south at Clifton. 67 1038 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ANSON HEMENWAY was born in Hardwick, Worcester county, Massachusetts, on Decem- ber 30, 1817, and was the son of James and Nancy (Graham) Hemen- way, the former of Birmingham, Massachusetts. They were the parents of three children : Sarah E., Anson and William A. Mr. H. died in 1826, but his widow still survives. After the death of his father, Anson lived with a cousin for a short time, then returned to his mother, and worked at various occupations during the summer, attending the schools in the winter, though the greater part of his education was obtained by self-application. Before twenty-one years of age, he commenced teaching school at Shelburne, Massachusetts, and taught one term. Going to Rockville, Connecticut, he worked in a paper mill for about a year, when, owing to ill health, he was obliged for two years to forego business of any kind. As soon as able, he devoted his energies to farming for a while, and subsequently travelled for the Boston cultivator for one year. The railroad business next attracting his attention, he began work, and in 1858 came to Missouri, and was engaged by the Missouri Pacific railroad as section foreman. Later, he was promoted to station agent at Otterville, acting in that capacity for five years. He is at present engineer of tanks on this railroad. He owns a corilfortable residence and ten acres of land adjoining the town of Otterville. In 1848 Mr. Hemenway married Miss Laura Lawrence, a 'daughter of Josephus Lawrence, of Massachusetts, and they have one child, Cora O., now Mrs. Randolph Brewster. They have a little daughter, Laura N. HUPP BROTHERS, dealers in groceries and hardware, is a firm among the more recent acquisitions to the business interests of Otterville, but one which ha* already taken a front rank in the commercial industry of the place. It was established in 1883 by J. H. & I. W. Hupp. Their father, a Virginian by birth, born in 1815, accompanied his father to Ohio while a boy, spending his life in that state until 1845, when he emi- grated to Missouri, settling in Morgan county, near the line of Cooper county, his present residence. His wife was formerly Miss Mary Homen, and they had three sons and one daughter : Joseph Harrison, Isaac W., Charlie H. and A. Bettie. J. H. Hupp was born in Mor- gan county, Missouri, in 1854. The principal part of his education was obtained duriug three months of schooling at the state normal at Warrensburg, Missouri, where he fitted himself for teaching. This he commenced in 1874, and has continued it for fifteen or sixteen HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1039 terms, acquiring quite a reputation. His brother, Isaac W. Hupp, who was born about two miles south of Otterville, in Morgan county, on February 7, 1856, received his education in the common schools. He began teaching in" the public schools in 1873, and has taught in winter every year since that time. These brothers are now living with their father. They are enjoying a lucrative patronage, and are more than ordinarily successful. THOMAS R. JAMES, owner and proprietor of saw and grist mill at Otterville, was born in England, May 20, 1833, his parents being Richard and Catherine James, nee Saekett, both natives of England, the former having been bora in 1792. They had three children, who are all now living : Hen- rietta, Richard and Thomas R. The latter, leaving his father in 1855, came to the United States, and first was located in New York for six months, going thence to Canada. After remaining there one year he returned to New York, settled in Oswego, and, upon a residence there of one year, moved direct to St. Louis. This was his home from 1857 to 1870, and in 1871 he came to Otterville. In 1858 he was married to Mrs. Eliza P. Condon, a widow, and a daughter of a Mr. Maddox. They have seven children : Henry A., Richard E., William P., Charlie J., Katie W., Josie and Lizzie. Mr. James is the owner of twenty- one acres of very valuable land, one-quarter mile west of the railroad depot of Otterville. His mill is furnished with all the latest improve- ments for milling purposes, and, besides doing a custom business, he buys large quantities of grain. Mention of this mill is made elsewhere in this work. WILLIAM KNAUS, a native of Howard county, Missouri, was born March 2, 1823. His father, Henry Knaus, a Kentuckian by birth, born in 1797, married Miss Elizabeth Monroe. They had four children : the eldest died in infancy, William, Henry and Elizabeth. Henry Knaus came to How- ard county in 1817, with his family, they spending the winter in Old Franklin, and part of the family lived in the keel-boat by which they had ascended the river. The following spring, going down the river to Bonne Femme, they ascended again by means of a keelJboat, and established what is now known as New Franklin. When in his nine- teenth year William Knaus, leaving home, went to Henry county and completed his trade of blacksmith. Two years later he returned to Howard county, and on March 6, 1843, he located in Cooper county. October 26th, of the same year, he was married to Miss Melvina 1040 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Frances Oglesby, a daughter of John B. Oglesby, and a resident of Cooper county. From this union there are five children living : Eliz- abeth C, Martha E., Henry Walter, Nancy Margaret and Amanda Frances. Two died in infancy, and Mary Eliza died at the age of five years. Mrs. Knaus died in 1856, and Mr. Knaus was again married in 1857 to Elizabeth Ann Harris, a daughter of J. J. Harris, of this county. They have four children living : James M., Sallie H., George T. and Rosa A. One infant is deceased. Mr. Knaus is a blacksmith by trade, and now conducts quite a general machine shop, gunsmith work, etc., and he is also a wagonmaker of no ordinary ability. He deals in farming utensils, and is the agent for the widely celebrated and justly renowned Champion reaper and mower. His political views are democratic, though he was raised a whig. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. lodge at Otterville, having joined the order in 1856. CHAELES L. McCARTY is a native of Cooper county, Missouri, having been born seven miles from Boonville in 1848. William S. McCarty, his father, was born in Culpepper county, Virginia, in 1822, and upon leaving there with his grandfather, Dennis McCarty, came to this state when a boy, about the year 1830, locating in Boonville, where he followed the livery bus- iness for about twenty years. In 1842 he was married to Miss Mary Ferguson, a daughter of Joshua Ferguson, of this county. Of their original family of children, five are living: William E., Charles L., Milton, Sallie and Mollie. Those deceased were named Nellie, Flor- ence, John and Douglas. Mr. McCarty died in Boonville in 1869. After his death our subject, together with his brother, continued the livery business for several years, and then, in 1870, C. L. McCarty purchased the family interest in the home farm, and the same year moved upon it and has since remained there. This contains ninety- one acres of well watered and improved land, and will compare favor- ably with any in the county. Mr. McCarty was married in 1877 to Miss Ann Gebhard, of Pettis county, Missouri, and a daughter of Louis Gebhard. They have two sons : Claudie L. and Frank. Mr. McCarty is a member of the M. E. church south, at Clifton City, while his wife is connected with the Christian church. JOSEPH MINTER, one of the most progressive farmers in Otterville township, and the owner of an excellently well improved farm of 240 acres, located in section 5, township 45, range 19, was born in Harrison county, West HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPEE COUNTIES. 1041 Virginia, in 1846. He is the youngest child of a family of three boys and three girls, born to Jacob and Nannie Clarissa (Neely) Minter. The father of the subject of this sketch was born in Virginia in 1800, and continuing principally in that state and "West Virginia all of his life, engaged in the peaceful pursuit of farming, died in the latter state in 1869. His bosom companion, who departed this life a few years after his death, or in 1872, was a native of West Virginia, born there in 1863. In 1875 Miss Fannie Ross, a native of Benton county, Missouri, born there in 1801, became his wife. Her father, a native of Kentucky, came to Missouri in 1835, and settled in Benton county. Her mother, born in Boston, Massachusetts, came to Benton county, this state, in 1845, and after becoming a wife, in 1853, came with her husband to Cooper county. Mr. Minter left the place of his birth in 1870, and emigrating to Kansas, spent a few weeks in that state, and subsequently came to Cooper county, Missouri. He pur- chased his farm in 1874, of the heirs of William Sloan, and since that time has taken every pains to "grass" it, so that he might have pas- turage for the fine herds of stock of which he is the possessor. CHAELES B. NEAL, farmer and stock raiser, section 7, is a Kentuckian by birth, and was born in 1827, being the son of Charles Neal, oiiginally from Virginia, born in 1763. He lived in that state until grown, and upon going to Ken- tucky, settled in Logan county, where he was married in 1823. He and his wife had seven children, three of whom are living. In 1833 Mr. N. came to Cooper county, Missouri, and located on the farm which his son now occupies. Charles B., the third child of the family, lived at home until twenty-one years of age, when, in 1848, he took a trip to New Mexico, only remaining a short time. Returning to Cooper county, he stayed until the spring of 1852, when he went to California, leaving there upon his return, in the fall of 1856. In 1857 Mr. Neal was married to Mrs. Mary F. Bentley, of this county, and the widow of George Bentley, and daughter of Henry Harlan, of Boyle county, Kentucky. They have two children, William H., and Sallie Johnson. Mr. Neal is the owner of eighty acres of fine land, the improvements of which are very good. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church south. Politically he is a democrat. GEORGE NEELY was born in Harrison county, Virginia (now in West Virginia), on on the 29th of June, 1830, being the son of Matthew Neely, of the 1042 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. same county, born in 1793. The latter spent his life until about twenty years of age in the vicinity of his birthplace, and there attended the common schools. In 1818 he married Miss Maria Newlon, a daughter of Elijah and Mary Newlon,. To them were born twelve children, five girls and seven boys, and of this family nine survive. Mr. N., senior, was quite active in public life, first acting as justice, then assessor, and afterwards sheriff, each of the offices being held under the old law of seniority of Virginia. He died June 11th, 1857, his wife having preceded him on February 24th, 1851. George, the fifth child in the family, remained at home until October, 1855, when he came to Missouri. In August, 1857, he went to Illi- nois, remaining there until September, 1860, when he returned to Missouri and located in Pettis county. This was his home until 1870, when he became a citizen of Cooper county. In March, 1858, Mr. Neely was married to Miss Anna Murray, of Virginia City, Cass county, Illinois. She was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, June 30th, 1834, and was a daughter of William and Grace Murray, of that county. They have had eight children : Julia Adelaide, Maria Grace, Mary, Charles William, John, George A., Flora and Bettie. Of these five are now living, one boy and four girls. Mr. N. has been acting as a railroad contractor and builder ever since 1856, building roads in various parts of the United States. He has recently completed a contract for the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern road. J. E. POTTER, the leading merchant of Clifton City, and a representative business man of the county, was born September 13, 1844, in Cooper county, Missouri. His father, J. H. Potter, was also a native of this county born in 1816, but his grand-parents both died in Kentucky. J. H. Potter was married in 1843 to Miss Susan Winders, a daughter of Daniel Winders, of Cooper county and to them were born eight children: J. E., Nancy, S. W., Ellen, Mary, George, J. H. and Robert. Our subject remained at home uutil 1866, when, owing to his father's removal to Morgan county, he went to Pettis county, coming to Clifton City in June, 1877. He soon established the store which he now conducts, and has at this time as complete a. stock of general merchandise, including dry goods, groceries, queensware, etc., as can be found in any place of the size of Clifton. He owns consid- erable property in Clifton City, and is also the owner of 1045 acres of land, the principal part of which is in Pettis county. Besides his mercantile enterprise he is engaged in handling stock. In 1882 Mr. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1043 Potter was married to Miss Edna McGuire, who was born in Pettis county in 1865, she being a daughter of A. J. McGuire. DR. S. H. SAUNDERS was born on the 1st of August, 1813, in Kentucky, and was the son of S. S. Saunders, a Virginian by birth, born February 14, 1783, who married Miss Eliza White Davidson , By this union there were four children: S. H., Ann E., Jane L. and Robert D. The senior Saunders married for his second wife Miss Eliza Derieoux. He was for a long time an extensive tobacco merchant. In 1833 the subject of this sketch entered college at Georgetown, Kentucky, graduating in civil engineering in 1834, and receiving the highest honors of his class. He followed civil engineering until 1838. In 1837 he was married to Miss Sallie A. Feris, a daughter of Dr. M. A. Feris. They had two children, Eliza McK. and Shields A., but one is deceased. The doctor's second marriage occurred in 1844, to Mrs. Sarah A. Ken- edy, widow of S. N. Kenerly and a daughter of John B. Otey, of Bedford county, Virginia. They had six children: A. R., B. O., S. H., T. E., E. L. and Eva C. All but one child survive. In 1847 Dr. S. commenced the practice of medicine and has continued it to the present, though for the last three years he has confined himself to a few of his oldest patrons. He previously enjoyed a most lucrative practice, but has retired from the profession with the exception of the cases above mentioned. He was the first master of Pleasant Grove Lodge No. 142, of the Masonic order, and at this time is its master, and he was grand master of the State Lodge of Missouri, during the years 1858 and 1859. In his political preferences he is a Democrat. Dr. W. T. SIMONDS, a native of St. Charles county, Missouri, was born on the 20th of November, 1851, his parents being J. W. and Eliza Goodrich Simonds, the former of Rockbridge county, West Virginia, born in 1816, and the latter of St. Charles county. Their family consisted of two children: W. T., and Margaret J., now the wife of Silas Miller, of St. Charles county. The subject of this sketch, after leaving the common schools and having settled upon the practice of medicine as his future profession, began his preparatory studies at Westminster college, of Fulton, Callaway county. Leaving this school he began his professional studies in 1873, graduating from the Missouri medi- cal college, on March 4, 1875, in the regular course with high honors. February 27, 1878, the doctor was married to Miss Martha Potter, a J 1044 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. daughter of Jacob Potter of St. Charles county. They have two children: Wallace, born January 22, 1879, and Nora, born January 12, 1881. Dr. Simonds came to Otterville on the 20th day of March, 1880, and has rapidly secured a well deserved reputation from the citizens of the place. T. J. SMALL, owes his nativity to Tennessee, where he was born in 1834. His parents were MathewB., and Mary Small, nee Stone. The former born in 1812, emigrated to Tennessee in 1832 or 1833. To them were born seven children, of which number five are now living. The senior Small came to Missouri in 1852, and located in Otterville, where he resided at the time of his death in 1854. T. J., the eldest of the surviving children, remained with his father until 1852, at which time he went to Oregon, stopping there until 1857. Return- ing that year to Otterville, he lived here for three or four months, went back to Tennessee, and made his home there until 1860. Coming again to Otterville, he resided here until 1862, when he took a trip south. After two years he took up his permanent location at this place. In 1867, Mr. Small was married to Miss Margaret Finley, a daughter of Milton O. Finley, of Morgan county. They have had five children : John E., Lettie, William, Laura G. and Mary. Mr. S. is a democrat, and as such served three terms as deputy sheriff. He has been marshall of Otterville for fourteen years, and has made a most capable official. GEORGE W. SMITH, the oldest settler in Otterville, was born in Albermarle county, Vir- ginia, May 10th, 1810. His father, John Smith, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, under the direct command of Washington. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1747, and married Miss Martha Wallace, a daughter of General Wallace, and lineal descendant of the cele- brated English family of that name. George W., the youngest of a family of four boys and three girls, left home when fourteen years of age, and went to Augusta county, Virginia, to learn the trade of black- smith, at which he worked for several years. While there he was married in 1831 to Miss Margaret Beard, who bore him five children : Ephraim G., died on the plains near Cottonwood Springs, in the spring of 1860 ; Virginia A., wife of Joseph Finley ; Ellen, now Mrs. Henry Wagonish ; Eliza J., wife of Frank Ami. Mr. Smith's second marriage was to Miss Nancy E. Neal of Cooper county, and a daughter of Nathaniel Neal. They have had six children : Joseph HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1045 L., died in the fall of 1882, from the effects of a well-damp ; James W. ; Peter F., married a Miss Corda ; Albert N., married a Miss Bain; Martha J., wife of M. L. White, and Rosa L. In October, 1837, Mr. Smith, leaving Augusta county, Virginia, removed to Illinois, and one year later came to Cooper county, Missouri, located in Palestine township, and on the 13th day of February, 1839, entered the present village of Otterville, then known as Elktown, and for forty-four years has made this his home. After coming here, then a poor man, he followed his trade for thirty years. Now he has about 600 acres of land in different parts of this and Lebanon townships, and in Morgan and St. Clair counties. During the war he furnished beef for fourteen regiments for about three weeks, when the state contract was let to a St. Louis firm, who sub-let this portion to Mr. Smith. For three months his house was the head- quarters of Generals Palmer, Davis, Pope and Turner. Politically he is a democrat. Farming and raising stock now occupies his atten- tion. ELIAS P. STONE, originally from Tennessee, was born June 11th, 1833. His father, Eli Stone, and, also his mother, Mary (Jones) Stone, were both natives of Tennessee ; the former born in Murray county in 1806, and the latter in 1808. They were married in 1826. To them were born seven children: Milton (now deceased), Louisa, Elias P., Thomas, Amanda, William and Mary. In 1839, leaving Tennessee, Eli Stone emigrated to Missouri, and settled in Cole county, but one year later came to Cooper county, in 1840, living here until 1866 ; then he went to Bates county, where he died ; his widow now resides - there. Elias P. Stone, when eighteen years of age, went to California in 1852, and stopped until the fall of 1864, when, returning to Missouri, he again settled in Cooper county, at Otterville. After two years he moved into Bates county, which was his home for six years, and, upon the expiration of that time, he came to Clifton City, embarking in business on January 1st, 1883. He was appointed postmaster of this place, having previously been assistant for two years. In connection with his official duties, he conducted a general grocery and queensware business. He is a member of the Masonic Order, at Otterville. In 1868, Mr. Stone was married to Mrs. Ann E. Homan, widow of Samuel Homan, and a daughter of D. E. D. Dobbins. They had three children, all of whom are deceased. She died in 1872, and Mr. Smith was again married in 1880 to Miss Ann E. Cole, a daughter of John Cole, of Cooper county, and a member 1046 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. of the pioneer family of that name. They have one son, Willie. Politically Mr. Stone is conservative, never having'cast a vote. T. M. TRAVILLION, a native of Albermarle county, Virginia, was born on September 20, 1815. His father, James Travillion, was born in the same county, in 1788, and was married to Miss Mildred Cany in 1814. They were the parents of six children, of whom T. M. was the oldest. His father dying in 1825, he lived with his mother until eighteen years of age, then taking up his residence with a man by the name of Sneed. After five years, or in 1838, he came to Missouri, settling near Otter- ville. He was married on the 25th of August, 1842, to Miss Ann Williams, and to them were born four children — James, Wallace, John and Henry. Mr. Travillion is a farmer by occupation, and owns 126 acres of land in this township, about a mile from Otterville. In his political affiliations he is a democrat. JASPER M. WHEELER, a Kentuckian by birth, was born in Morgan county, May 13, 1855. His parents were Amos H. and Hannah (Morris) Wheeler, the former also of Kentucky, and they had twelve children, of whom Jasper was the youngest. Mr. and Mrs. Wheeler, with their family, re- moved to Lawrence county, Missouri, in 1858 or 1859, where the senior Wheeler died in 1862. His widow, with the children, then went to Pettis county, and she subsequently married Archibald Lovelace. When twenty-one years of age the subject of this sketch left home, removed to Cass county and lived there four years, soon returning to Clifton City, where he entered into the drug business. Since that time he has been engaged in the same occupation, having started his pres- ent store in September, 1§79. This is the only one in the place, and Mr. Wheeler has, through his own efforts and progressive business spirit, acquired a firm standing among the people of this vicinity, and is much thought of by all his acquaintances. He owns town prop- erty in Clifton, and is a part owner of 260 acres of land in Barton county. Mr. Wheeler is a member of Otterville Lodge, No. 203, I. O. O. F., and he belongs to the Missionary Baptist church. A. L. ZOLLINGER, a native of the state of Maryland, was born August 30, 1825, being the son of George Zollinger, of the same state, born in 1791. His wife was formerly Miss Catharine Myers, of Pennsylvania, and they had nine children, of whom the subject of this sketch was the fourth child. When twenty-three years of age he accompanied his father to HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1047 Missouri, in 1848, and in 1850 he- went to California and remained for seven years, having been occupied in merchandizing and the stock business. In 1857 he returned to this county, and in 1858 began the mercantile business at Otterville, which he continued until the late civil war. Then he enlisted as captain of the 2d Missouri cavalry regiment, Chalmers' division and Forrest's corps, and served four years. Upon his return he resumed the life of a merchant at Otter- ville, which has since been his occupation without intermission. He is the senior member of the firm of Zollinger & Homan, the leading merchants in the place, they carrying a most complete stock, valued at $10,000. They also deal in all kinds of grain, produce, etc. The building now occupied by them is a brick structure, 25x110 feet, and was erected in 1872 at a cost of about $5,000, it being the second largest store-room in the county. In 1870 Mr. Zollinger was married to Miss Louisa Mayfield, a daughter of J. M. Mayfield, of Cooper county. They have been blessed with five children — George, Stella, Augustus, Elma and John, constituting a most interesting family. Politically he is a democrat of the old type, and he is a man who has done much to promote the prosperity of this section of the country. STEPHAN ZUMSTEG, a well-known representative of the mercantile interests of Otterville, owes his nativity to Switzerland, where he was born February 14, 1836. His father, Xavier Zumsteg, originally from the same canton, was born in 1812, and in 1831 Was married to Vereua Steinakker. They were blessed with six children — Verena, Frank, Stephan, Ro- salia, Maria and Sigmund. Stephan, the second child in the family, leaving his father in 1853, emigrated to the United States and located at Cleveland, Ohio, from whence in a short time he moved to Chicago, remaining in Cook county, Illinois, for five years. Then he went to St. Louis, stayed two years, and subsequently served two years in the. army, in company E, 1st Missouri infantry. After returning from the war he settled near the northern boundary of Montgomery county, on the Missouri river, making his home there until 1872, when Se- dalia became his place of residence. After eighteen months he came to Pleasant Green, Cooper county, and in 1879 located at Otterville, where he has since lived. In 1864 Mr. Zumsteg married Miss Dora Kiser, of Gasconade county, Missouri, a daughter of John and Mary Kiser. They have an interesting family of six children — Frank, John, Peter, Charles, Verena and Elizabeth. Mr. Zumsteg is quite successful in his business operations. He is a member of the school board and city council, and in politics is a democrat. 1048 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. PALESTINE TOWNSHIP. W. F. BOULWARE, farmer. William L. Boulware, the father of W. F., was for many years one of the prominent farmers and leading landholders of Pales- tine township. He was a native of Virginia, as was also his wife, for- merly Miss Lucinda Terrell, but they were of different counties. She was of Culpepper, he of Caroline county. They removed to Missouri in 1836, and first located at New Franklin, in Howard county, but two years afterwards came to Cooper county and settled in Palestine township. He died here in 1849. He was a man of good education, of more than ordinary intelligence, and took an active interest in general affairs, political, church, etc. Personally, he had no aspira- tion for advancement to public position, but in politics he always took a decided stand for his convictions. He was a zealous member of the church, being identified with the Baptist denomination, and contrib- uted liberally of his time and means to all movements calculated to further the cause of religion. He had a family of eight children, of whom W. F. was the only son. The sou was given good school ad- vantages. He took the usual course in the common schools, and also attended school at Boonville. He was twenty-three years of age at the time of his father's death, and had completed his education, hav- ing been born in Caroline county, Virginia, January 1, 1826. After- wards he was married, in Randolph county, Missouri, in 1860, to Miss Hannah J., daughter of Edward Owens, of that county. After their marriage they lived in Randolph county until 1866, and then removed to Palestine township, this county, and the following year located on their present farm. Their place contains nearly 300 acres, nearly all under fence and substantially improved. While in Randolph county, Mr. Boulware was running a flouring mill, but it was burned during the war by military incendiaries, as was also his residence. Mr. and Mrs. Boulware have a family of four sons and five daughters : William L., Robert E., Fannie M., Lucy L., Catherine B., James F., P. G., Edward G. and Laura L. Both parents are members of the Mount Nebo Baptist church. JAMES JESSE BYLER, farmer and stock dealer. Judge Joseph Byler, the grandfather of James J., came to this county with his family from Pennsylvania, of HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1049 which state he was a native, in 1820, and here he became, as he had been in the Keystone State, a prominent and influential citizen. His son, Abraham Byler, was then a lad ten years of age, and after he grew up was married in this county, in 1832, to Miss Mary Bowman, a daughter of one of the early settlers of the county. Eight years afterwards, however, she died, and of the family of six children by this union, three are now living. In March, three years afterwards, in 1843, Abraham Byler was again married, his second wife having been, before her marriage to him, a Mrs. Penelope Wood, a native of Kentucky, but reared in this county. She was born in 1811, and was but three years old when her parents came to this county. Three children bless this marriage : Sarah A., wife of Christopher Colwell, residents of Bates county; Thirza E., wife of M. P. Gallagher, and James J., the subject of this sketch. James J. was given a good education in his early years. He had the advantage of good local schools, which he did not fail to improve, and he also attended col- lege two years. After his college course he devoted himself to the life of a farmer, which he has sin erected in the town since he became one of its citizens, and he has an enviable reputation in his calling as a thorough, energetic ancLupright mechanic. He was married February 24, 1873, to Miss Maggie J. Smith, of Virginia. They have one child, Emma V. Mr. Moore's parents were Sylvanus and Abigail Moore, his mother's family name having been Fridly. D. P. NIXON. One of the most prominent, public-spirited and worthy citizens 01 Pilot Grove township, and of this part of the county, is the gentle- man whose name heads this sketch. An educated, progressive and enterprising farmer, formerly of Ohio, he has introduced into this county the methods of farming that have distinguished the agricul- turists of the great Buckeye state above those of any other common- wealth in the Union. And not only is he conspicuous in his locality by his success as a farmer, but in the general interests and public affairs of the community he occupies an advanced, public-spirited po- sition, striving at all times to promote the good of all, and to im- prove and develop the township and the surrounding country. He is one of a class of northern, new-era, enterprising farmers and citizens that the west and south have too few of, and of whom they could never have too many. He was born in Ross county, Ohio, February 19, 1842, and is of Virginia descent; his father, William H. Nixon, was born in Virginia, and his mother, formerly Elizabeth Edmondston, a native of Ohio. His grandfather, David Nixon, was a native of Virginia, but became a pioneer to Ohio, and was a soldier of in- trepid courage and daring in the early Indian wars. This quality — fearless, patriotic bravery — descended undiminished to the grandson, and when the opening ball of the rebellion was sent on its mission of death over the ramparts of Fort Sumpter, he was one of the first to answer with a musket in hand, the call of the bleeding Union for help. The flag that had floated in triumph at Yorktown, New Or- leans and the capital city of the Montezumas he followed through four long years of hardships and danger, until it waved in triumph at Appomattox with "a star for every state and a state for every star." He was a volunteer in company C, 73d Ohio infantry, and was mus- tered out of the service in 1865. He was in both the battles of Bull's Eun and many other leading death-duels of the war, when — " Hand to hand, and foot to foot; Nothing there, save death, was mute ; Stroke, and thrust, and flash, and cry For quarter, or for victory, Mingle there with the volleying thunder." 1104 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. He bears three honorable scars received in the defence of his country, the noblest insignia a patriot can wear. After the war he returned to his native state and engaged in farming and stock raising, which he followed there until 1866, when he removed to this state, and after stopping a year in Pettis county, settled in Pilot Grove township, of this county, where he has since lived. Here he has long held a place among the leading farmers and stock meu of the county. His farm contains about 300 acres of excellent land, handsomely im- proved and kept in neat, tidy, farmer-like condition. December 31, 1868, he was married to Miss Christine Schlotzhauer, of this county. They have four children living: Charles W., Catherine E., Alex- ander F., and Birdie W. Mr. Nixon is a member of the M. E. church. O. T. ORR, farmer. Mr. Orr is of Irish descent, his grandfather, William Orr, having come over from the Emerald Isle about the middle of the last century and settled in Pennsylvania, where he reared a family. Of his children, John, the father of O. T., made Kentucky his home, and there married Nancy Steerman, a young lady originally of Virginia. Of this union O. T. Orr was born in Nicholas county, September 20, 1827, and was the youngest of a family of seven. Reared in the Blue Grass state and brought up to the occupation of farming and stock raising in his native state, he attended to the duties of fields and pas- tures and flocks and herds until 1874, when he directed his course westward along the way the " star of empire " leads, and settled in Cooper county. Here he resumed his life calling — tilling the soil — and prosecuting the first labor that occupied the Creator on the morn- ing of the sixth day, raising cattle, etc. These duties he has since followed, and his labors have been rewarded with satisfactory success. He now has a farm of about a quarter section of good land, which he has comfortably and conveniently impi'oved, and his blue grass pas- tures are tenanted with fine cattle and other stock. He was married February 7, 1851, to Miss Elizabeth Evans, of Kentucky. They have eight children : Virginia, Robert A., Georgie, Warren, Anna Lee, V. G., Isadora and O. T. Mr. Orris a member of the Christian church and of the Masonic order. GEORGE T. PENDLETON, M. D., deceased, and-T. O. PEN- DLETON, M. D. Dr. Geo. T. Pendleton, the father of Dr. T. O. Pendleton, was born in Jefferson county, Kentucky, Decemher 18, 1824, and was reared HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1105 and educated in his native county. After completing his literary and general course, he began the study of medicine with the view of becoming a physician, and continued in this for several years. In due time he became a matriculate in the Louisville medical college, and remained a student in that institution until his graduation. After this he engaged in the active practice of his profession in Jefferson county, and on the 1st of May, 1851 , was married to Miss Catherine McGruder. In 1855, Dr. Geo. T. Pendleton and family removed to Missouri, and located in Cooper county, where the doctor became one of the leading physicians and prominent citizens of the county. He had a family of eight children, Dr. T. O. Pendleton being his eldest son. The father died here on the 25th of January, 1883, in his fifty-ninth year, having been a resident of the county nearly thirty years. Dr. Geo. T. Pen- dleton was more than a successful physician and a useful citizen, he was a good man in the highest and best sense of the term. Naturally gifted with a superior mind, he had improved it by a wide range of reading, and was more than ordinarily well informed on all the leading subjects of general thought, so that among his neighbors and acquaintances he exercised a marked influence. In all matters when a counsellor was needed by those around him, he was invariably con- sulted; and such was the respect with which his opinions were received, that his advice was generally followed. And the purity of his character and the tenor of his conduct were in keeping with the confidence and esteem with which he was regarded. During all the long years of his residence in this county, not a breath of wrong was ever breathed against his name, but on the contrary, he was only spoken of, as he still is, in terms of praise for some good act done, or some noble quality of his mind or heart. In the practice of his pro- fession he labored more for the amelioration of suffering humanity than for his own interests. Indeed, it seemed that he cared only for his patients and was regardless of his own health, for he often visited them when he himself should have had the care of a physician. Years of constant exposure in the practice finally broke down a constitution naturally, vigorous and strong, and a life that might otherwise have lasted many years more, was cut off before the serene twilight of old age had settled about him. But in the measure of life he did fill, as much good and as little evil was crowded, as but seldom marks the career of men. He sank into his grave amid the sorrow and regret of a community that had long learned to love him as a friend and benefactor. And in the light of the venerated memory he left behind may be seen faint glimmerings of that higher and richer reward he has won beyond 1106 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. the grave. But the labor of his life was not broken off by his death. He left a son, the highest pledge of faith in humanity that man can give, who is not unworthy to succeed him. Dr. T. O. Pendleton was born in Oldham county, Kentucky, January 26, 1853. He was reared in Cooper county, Missouri, and educated in the ordinary schools. At the age of twenty-one he began the study of medicine under his father, and after a due course of study in the Missouri medical college, graduated from that institution in 1876, with high honor. After this he was engaged in the practice at Pilot Grove, until the fall of 1881, when he returned to Schell City, this state. He remained thereuntil the fall of 1882, when he located at Marshall, Saline county. By the death of his father he was called home and he accordingly located permanantly at Pilot Grove. On the 20th of July, 1877, he was married to Miss E. S. Cunningham, of St. Clair county. They have one child, Gertrude. Dr. Pendleton is a thorough physician and enjoys an excellent reputation as a practitioner. Personally he is highly and justly popular. Unquestionably, an honorable and useful life lies before him. GEORGE W. EOE. Mr. Roe's father, Samuel Roe, Sr., was the founder of the town of Pilot Grove, having been the owner of the present town site, and having laid it off into town lots, and secured the establishment of the depot at this point. Samuel Roe was a native of Maryland, where he was reared and lived for some time after his marriage. His wife was formerly a Miss Sarah Shaw, of that state. In 1827 they came to Missouri, and settled in Cooper county. Here he entered the land in which Pilot Grove is now situated, and opened his farm. He died May 25, 1878. He was a man of great energy and enterprise, and was for years a leading farmer of the county. He manifested great zeal and public spirit in the building up and prosperity of Pilot Grove, and before he died, he was rewarded by seeing the place he had founded, well started and secure on the way to future importance as a business centre. Geo. W., the subject of this sketch, was born here, September 30, 1834, and was the youngest of the family of seven children. Reared on the farm, while not engaged in farm duties in youth he attended the usual sessions of the neighborhood schools, and thus acquired a common practical education. Farming has been his life occupation. When Pilot Grove was founded he warmly seconded his father in the establishment and improvement of the place, and since the latter's death, he has taken up the work himself, of HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1107 making the place one of the best towns along the railroad. Geo. W. Roe has an excellent farm of his own, adjoining town, and has it well improved. May 1, 1856, he was married to Miss Ann N. Maddex, originally of Virginia. They have six children : David Lee, Wm. S., Daniel W., Sallie, Era May and Chas. P. They have lost one child, Thomas E. Mr. Roe is a member of the M. E. church south. ALEXANDER ROE. Mr. Roe is a son of Samuel Roe, the founder of the town of Pilot Grove, an outline of whose life is given in the sketch of G. W. Roe, in this volume. Their father, however, was twice married, a fact overlooked heretofore, and Alexander was a son by the father's first wife, formerly Miss Elizabeth Leith, of Maryland, who died prior to the emigration of the family from that state. Alexander Eoe was born in Caroline county, Maryland, September 22, 1819, and was therefore a lad of eight years when his father settled in this county, in 1827. Reared on afarm, farming has been his life occupation and he owns an excellent homestead where he gives his attention to grain and stock raising. He received his education in the common schools of the county, and largely under the tutorage of his father, the latter having been a teacher of some note in those days, indeed the first school the son ever attended was taught by his father. At the age of twenty-five, Alexander was married to Miss Ann Walton, of this county. They have eight children : William, Alice, John, George, Martha, Kate, Alexander and Russell. Mr. Roe is an indus- trious intelligent farmer, and enjoys the respect and esteem of all who know him. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church south. J. W. H. ROSS, M. D., physician and surgeon, Pilot Grove. For nearly twenty-five years Dr. Ross has been engaged in the practice of medicine in Saline, Pettis and Cooper counties, over fourteen years of which he has been located at Pilot Grove, his present home. Thoroughly educated in his profession and a physician of long and successful experience, he has a large and excellent practice, and enjoys the unlimited confidence of the public, not only in his chosen calling but as a citizen and a man. His grandfather, Dr. G. C. Harth, was one of the oldest physicians of central Missouri, and it was under the latter's direction and instruc- tion that Dr. Ross acquired his profession. He commenced reading under his grandfather in 1856, and continuing his studies, attended the St. Louis medical college in 1858-59. After this he began the prac- 1108 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. tice of medicine in Pettis county, but returned to St. Louis in 1860, and graduated from the medical college of that city in the spring of 1861. He then practised in Saline and Cooper counties, and in 1869 located at Pilot Grove, where he has since remained. Dr. Ross was a son of William C. Ross and wife, formerly Miss L. C. Harth, daughter of Dr. Harth, and was born in Boonville, April 3, 1838. His father was a native of Virginia, but came to this county early in life. He was drowned in the Missouri river, at Boonville, March 19, 1839. The doctor is a member of the old school Presbyterian church ; also of the Masonic order and of the I. O. O. F. January 17, 1860, he was married to Miss S. L. Francisco. They have six children: George, W. C, Charles H., Bessie, Johnnie and Linn. MARSHALL RUST, dealer in lumber and building materials. Mr. Rust has led an active life and his activity has been not without substantial results. He now owns and conducts a large lumber yard at Pilot Grove, and also has a branch yard at Bunceton, both of which have an extensive and profit- able trade. He is one of those enterprising men that cannot content themselves with plodding along through the world without at least making an effort to accomplishing something of a substantial character in life. He was born in the Old Dominion, October 8, 1851, and was a son of Dr. John B. and Julia A. (Burgess) Rust, late of "Warren county, that state. His father died when he was fifteen years old. He then came west and located in Hannibal, Mis»ouri. From there he went to the Phoenix City on the lakes, but soon returned to his native state. In Virginia he became a prominent railroad contractor, and followed that in the senior commonwealth of the south until 1873, when he engaged in building a road in the District of Columbia. A year later he came west again and followed railroad contracting in Missouri and Texas until 1881, when he settled at Pilot Grove, and became a partner with Mr. McVeigh in the lumber business. This he had followed, however, in St. Louis about a year in 1874. In 1882 he became sole proprietor of the lumbering inter- ests of his firm, which he has since conducted. Mr. R. is a mem- ber of the Masonic order. R. H. SCHLOTZHAUER. Among the prominent young farmers of Pilot Grove township, the name that heads this sketch must not be passed in silence. Mr. Scholtzhauer has a fine farm of about 500 acres of good land, all in cul- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPED COUNTIES. 1109 tivation, and he is a leading raiser of fine, graded cattle and the best breeds of hogs. He is a native of the county, and was born January 29, 1853. His father, Henry Scholtzhauer, was a native of Germany, but came to this country early in life and became a wealthy citizen of this state. R. H., the subject of this sketch, was given a good educa- tion in the schools of Warrenton, Warren county, and afterwards devoted himself to the industries in which he is now ensraared. He is an intelligent, progressive and modern-ideaed farmer, and his fu- ture holds out every promise of a successful and useful life. He was married August 28, 1872, to Miss Caroline Stewart, of Warren county. They have five children: Earl S., Peter S., Walter S., Brice H. and Fletcher C. Two are deceased: Leland and Hattie. Mr. Scholtzhauer is a member of the M. E. church. WILLIAM SCHUSTER. Mr. Schuster was only two years of age when his parents emi- grated from Germany to this country in 1853, and settled in Cooper county. Hence, in all but nativity, he is an American, having been reared and educated in this county — his life-long home. He was born in South Germany, July 4, 1851, the seventy-fifth anniversary of the great republic of the new world. His parents, Frank and The- ressa (Cleten) Schuster, were worthy and intelligent people, and after their settlement in Cooper county enjoyed the respect and good opinion of all who knew them. William grew up to the occupation of a farmer, which he has since followed and with excellent success. He now has a good farm of nearly 200 acres, and has it substantially and com- fortably improved. He makes somewhat of a specialty of raising fine horses and mules, and has representative animals necessary to this, of the finest breeds. On the 27th of July, 1876, Mr. Schuster was mar- ried to Miss Christine Felton, of this section of the state. They have a family of five children ; Frederick, Maggie, Annie, Frank and Mary. Mr. Schuster is a member of the Catholic church. ALFRED M. SIMMONS, farmer and stock raiser. Among the educated, progressive and well- to-do agriculturists of Pilot Grove township, Alfred M. Simmons should be specially mentioned. Reared on a farm and having received a more than ordinarily good education in youth at the Kemper family school, he brings t& the business of farming and stock raising, on his handsome farm of 400 acres of cultivated land, not only the practical experience acquired by a farm bringing up, but also the knowledge of 1110 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. the business that can only be had through education. From the time of Constantine Porphyrogenitus, under whose direction Cassiaus Bas- sus compiled his celebrated Geoponics, or treatise on agriculture, edu- cation, not less than experience, has been thought important to the successful prosecution of agricultural industries. Alfred M. Sim- mons was born in Boonville, February 11, 1845. His father, Alfred, was a native of Bullitt county, Kentucky, where he was reared and married to Elizabeth Simmons, of which union Alfred M. was born. The father and family came to Missouri in an early day and located in Cooper county. Here he engaged in merchandising in Boonville for a number of years, but subsequently settled on a farm in the county, where the son was reared. Farming has been Alfred M'a. life occupation, in connection, in later years, with stock raising, in both of which he has been successful. He makes specialties of short- horn cattle and fine Cotswold sheep. During the war Mr. Simmons spent two years in Montana and Wyoming. He was married in November, 1865, to Miss Mattie V. Zeller, originally of Maryland. They have six children : Louisa A., Willie, Harvey, Gracie, John and Milton. Mr. Simmons is a member of the I. O. O. F. and of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. THOMAS M. SMITH, farmer. Although Mr. Smith is of Virginia parentage, and was born in West Virginia August 15, 1832, he was reared iu Ohio and Indiana, and remained in the latter states and in Illinois until he was thirty years of age. His father, Eice M. Smith, and his mother, prior to her marriage Miss Ann E. Eobertson, were both natives of the Old Dominion, and his father was a gallant soldier under the stars and stripes in the war of 1812. Thomas was the ninth of their family of ten children, and when he was but four years old his father died in West Virginia, the year after which his mother removed with her family to Ohio, where they lived for ten years. In 1857 they pushed on further west and settled in Indiana. There Thomas grew to man- hood, and having received a good ordinary education in the free schools of Ohio and Indiana, he engaged in clerking in a store, in which he was employed five years. After this he learned the carpenter's trade, and worked at that about five years, and then turned his attention to farming, which has been since his principal employment. In 1859 he crossed over into Illinois, and farmed in that state for three years, and at the expiration of this time, came to Cooper county, this state, Farming here three years, he then removed to Johnson county, but HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1111 returned in 1873, since which this has been his permanent home. He owns a good farm of 200 acres, which he has well improved. He also handles some stock. June 19, 1862, he was married to Miss Margaret E. Johnston, of this county. They have one child living, Martin A., and have lost three : Kobert B., Thomas M. and Anna P. How truly they may say of death : Insatiate archer ! could not one suffice? Thy shaft flew thrice, and thrice our hopes were slain? Mr. Smith is a member of the Masonic fraternity. J. E. SMITH, furniture dealer and undertaker ; also marshal and collector of Pilot Grove. Mr. Smith comes of one of the oldest families of Virginia, his forefathers having been inhabitants of the Old Dominion from its earl- iest colonial days. His grandfather was a gallant soldier in the war for independence, and followed the flag of the new-born nation until it waved in final triumph over the battlements of Yorktown. His father, John Smith, was a worthy citizen ot the grand old common- wealth, and there married and reared his family. J. E. Smith, the subject of this sketch, was born in Loudoun county, Virginia, April 17, 1837, and grew up in his native county, where he received a good, practical education. Before he attained his majority, however, he came west and from 1855 to 1860 he followed farming in Illinois. The last named year he returned to Virginia, and the war breaking out shortly afterwards, he enlisted in the ranks of his native state in de- fence of her sovereignty and institutions, and gave four years of his young manhood to the service of the south. He was in nearly all of the principal battles, from Manassas to the final surrender. He held the office of forage master in Buckhaw's battalion. After the war he resumed farming in Virginia and also engaged in the saw milling busi- ness, which he followed until 1880, when he came to Missouri and located at Pilot Grove. Here he established himself in the undertak- ing and furniture business. He has held the office of marshal since the town was incorporated, and he made the first municipal assess- ment of the place. April 7, 1864, he was married to Miss Lucy A. Marshall, of Virginia. They have four children: Emma C, Luther E., Thomas S. and Sallie E. Mr. Smith is a member of the I. O. O. F., and Mrs. Smith is a member of the Baptist church. JOHN SMITH, i farmer and stock raiser. Mr. Smith came to this country in 1849 from Germany, where he was born and reared to his seventeenth year, 1112, HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. landing at Baltimore without money and without friends, and for twelve years worked at the shoemaker's trade, which he had learned in the old country. He is now, and for years has been, one of the substantial and successful farmers and stock men of Cooper county. Such a career is an eloquent tribute to the character and personal worth of the man. He was born February 22, 1832, and was the eldest of eleven children, the family of Adam and Catharine (Hoiel) Smith of the Fatherland. After landing in this country he worked two years in Baltimore, Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Memphis and other cities, and in 1851 came to Howard county and followed his trade at Roanoke until 1861, when he engaged in farming. His homestead in this county contains 340 acres, and is a fine farm. He deals consider- ably in cattle, and raises grain and stock for the markets. In March, 1861, he was married to Miss Mary Kasley, a native of Baden, Ger- many. They have eight children : Joseph, Johnnie, Leonard, Rose, Annie, Berdie, Albert and Minnie. Mr. S. is a member of the Lutheran church. A. N. SPENCER, farmer. Mr. Spencer was born in England May 17, 1837, but when he was only four years of age, his parents emigrated from the " Mistress Island of the Seas " to this country, and after a two years' residence on the Atlantic coast crossed the Alleghanies and came on to Cooper county, where they made their permanent home and where A. N., the son, grew to manhood. His father, John B. Spencer, built the first stone house that was erected in this part of the country, and was a well-to-do and highly respected citizen of this county. His mother, formerly Miss Ann Harrison, of the " Motherland of Shake- speare," was a lady of great personal worth, and was esteemed by all who knew her for her many estimable qualities of mind and heart. Early in life the son, A. N., learned the plastering trade, and this he followed for years afterwards, alternated with farming. During the war, however, he went to St. Louis, where he utilized his time by clerking in a hotel, in which he was engaged about three years. Aftei ; this he returned to Cooper county and devoted his attention to farm- ing, which he has since followed. His farm of over 100 acres is com- fortably improved, and he is an industrious, intelligent and well-to-do farmer. June 11, 1857, he was married to Miss Mary A. Bagwell of this section of the state. They have two children : Laura L., wife of S. W. Phillips, and John W. Death has taken from them three others. Mr. Spencer is a member of the Baptist church. For eight HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1113 years he held the responsible office of justice of the peace of his town- ship. PROF. J. M. STITES, educator and agriculturist, Pilot Grove. Prof. J. M. Stites was born in Wilson county, Tennessee, February 3, 1834. When he was four years of age his parents, Levi and Mary (Adamson) Stites, migrated to Illinois,, where they lived until 1840 and then renioved to Missouri, settling in Greene county, His father was originally of North Caro- lina, but his mother was a native of Tennessee. The son, J. M., grew up in Greene county, and although his advantages for securing an education were very indifferent, such was his ambition for learning and his stalwart force of character, that no difficulties seemed to him too great to be surmounted. An education he was determined to have. Accordingly he availed himself of all the instruction he could get in the ordinary neighborhood schools, and assiduously applied him- self to study at home. The mastering one book led the way to an- other, and saving the money he worked for, in order to be able to get such books as he needed, he thus pursued his studies, steadily advanc- ing in the acquisition of knowledge until his superior acquirements becoming recognized, he was called upon to open a school, which he did, and which was largely patronized. He soon established a wide reputation as a thorough, able and successful teacher. Inasmuch as this calling afforded him better opportunities than any other for self- instruction and at the same time was more congenial to his tastes, it became his regular employment, and for over twenty-five years he has followed it, educating the young and preparing their minds for the activities of life. He taught principally in Polk county until 1863, when he removed to Cooper county, where he has continued his life- work in different parts of the county up to the present time. Febru- ary 28, 1858, he was married to Miss Amanda Hall, originally of Tennessee. They have five children : Horace L., Fannie R., Mattie D., Charles A. and Bertha. When his family of children began to grow up around him, feeling the want of a settled home where they «ould be reared to habits of industry and removed from all the tempta- tions of town or city life, he decided to settle on a farm, and accord- ingly bought a neat homestead in the country which he has well improved and where he lives a generous, hospitable and blameless life. Although farming is not his life occupation, in this also he has achieved substantial success. But the acquisition of wealth has not been his ambition in life. To improve the mind, the immortal part of human nature, and to elevate those around him by the power of edu- 1114 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. cation are the great aims, for the accomplishment of which all his energies are devoted, and in which all his hopes are centred. He believes with Wendell Phillips that " education is the only interest worthy the deep, controlling anxiety of thoughtful men." A. H. THRUSTON, druggist and apothecary, Pilot Grove. It is the least of the plain truth always to say that Mr. Thruston has, at Pilot Grove, one of the finest drug stores, if, in fact, not the very finest, in Cooper county. His store building, thirty by seventy feet in dimensions, is a model of convenient arrangement for his business, and of neatness and good taste, and this he has filled with a heavy stock of drugs of every description, paints, oils, druggists' sundries and etceteras, almost ad infinitum, all of the best quality, and kept in the best condition. The fact that he has such a drug establishment speaks more for his popularity as a druggist and citizen, and for his business ability, than the modest dignity of this work will permit to be expressed. The facts, therefore, unadorned by the rhetorician's art, will have to suffice, and they are eloquent enough. Mr. Thruston is a native Missourian, having been born in Morgan county, this state, December 13th, 1842. The drug business has been his life occupation. In 1865 he en- gaged in the business on his own account at Versailles, in his native county, where he continued with excellent success for four years. In 1869 he changed his location to Otterville, where he established a large drug store and built up an extensive trade. Remaining at the latter place until 1874, he then came to Pilot Grove, where he has since lived. Here he has achieved the most gratifying success. Mr. Thruston is not only a thorough druggist and apothecary, but he has made a specialty of the study of chemistry, and is more than ordi- narily versed in that science. Hence he is proficient in the preparation of many articles that those less skilled have to depend upon the wholesale houses for, exclusively. He also manufactures at his own store the following extracts of various kinds : Baking powders, bluing, and so forth. September 6th, 1866, he was married to Miss Edith White, an accomplished young lady, formerly of Kentucky. They have one child, Mable Clark. Mr. Thruston's parents were among the pioneer settlers of this section of the state. His father, William R. Thruston, was a native of South Carolina, and his mother, e/rigi- nally Miss Mary A. Melton, was of Tennessee birth. They reared their family in this state. Mr. Thruston is a member of the I. O. O. F., and Knights of Pythias. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1115 P. R. WOOLDRIDGE, liveryman and farmer. Nothing more conclusively attests the grow- ing importance of Pilot Grove than the fact that the livery business has become a necessity to the place. Eecognizing the clearly felt want, Mr. Wooldridge, a year ago, established a large livery stable at this place, where he keeps an ample supply of horses and buggies of the best quality, to meet the demands of the travelling public, as well as of the citizens of the town, who have occasion to use them. He has an excellent stable, and everything is kept in the best of order and condition. Mr. Wooldridge was born in this county, October 17th, 1835, and was a son of Starlin R., and Ann (Roe) Wooldridge. His mother was from Maryland, and his grandfather, on his father's side, was one of the first settlers of Cooper county. Farming has been Mr. Wooldridge's life occupation up to the time he began the livery business, and he still owns an excellent farm near Pilot Grove. He was married May 2d, 1877, to Miss R. Warren, originally of Mary- land. They have two children, Rossie and Jesse K. Mr. W. is a member of the M. E. church south. ' PKAIEIE HOME TOWNSHIP. GEORGE T. AKERS, farmer, section 32. Mr. Akers' father, Ishman Akers, although a native of Kentucky, came to this state from Tennessee, of which he had been a resident, in 1829, and made his home in Moniteau county. He was married, however, in this county, to Miss Sarah, daughter of James Shields, an early settler of Cooper county, but who subsequently removed to Moniteau. Her parents died several years ago in Henry county. George F. was born in Moniteau county, January 27th, 1839, and grew to manhood on his father's farm. At the age of twenty-five, February 10th, 1864, he was married to Miss Martha, daughter of Reuben and Judida (Hall) Smith, who were among the pioneer settlers of Moniteau county. She was born May 20th, 1841. Her parents died, her father in 1850 and her mother in 1879. Mrs. A. has a brother and a half-brother, Blackburn and Huder Smith, and a sister, Harriett Howard, still in Moniteau county. Mr. Akers has a brother, James S., in Texas, and one William J., and a sister, Mary S. Dalton, in Henry county. After their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. A. lived in Moniteau county, eugaged in farming, until 1878, when they came to their present farm in Prairie Home town- 1116 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND GQOPEK COUNTIES. ship. It contains a quarter section of good land, and is devoted mainly to grain growing, principally wheat. They have a family of five children: Louisa Octavia, aged eighteen; Ida A., aged nine; Martha May, aged six ; Florence Ethel, aged three, aud Julia T., aged one. Two are dead, Thomas Lee and Mary Ellen. They have also reared two nephews, Newton and Eoyal, sons of Mrs. Akers' brother, Eoyal Smith, aged respectively twenty-six and twenty-one, both of whom are still at home. Mrs. A. is a member of the Baptist church. Mr. A. belongs to the A. F. and A. M. JOHN E. BLANK, farmer, section 16. In 1852 when Nicholas and Catharine Blank came to America ? from Bavaria, Germany, John E., their sou, was a lad eleven years of age, he having been born in their native country, Sep- tember 22, 1843. They first stopped in Moniteau county, but the following spring settled near where John E. now lives. There the father died April 8, 1878, but the mother is still living and resides on their homestead. John, after he grew up, was married June 4, 1868, to Miss Margaret Cleckner, of this county, and engaged extensively in the life of a farmer. This he has since followed with excellent suc- cess. He has a good farm of 200 acres comfortably improved, and devotes his attention mainly to grain growing, and raises some stock. They have a family of six children, Emma, Bertha, John J., Nicholas H., Louisa L., and Oscar O. During the war, Mr. Blank served three months in the regularly enrolled militia. He was with the squad of eleven engaged in looking for a stray mare when Bill An- derson's command fell on them, and killed seven of the eleven. Mr. Blank is a member of the Evangelical church. • SAMUEL CARPENTER, farmer, section 24. In 1819, Samuel Carpenter, the father of the subject of this sketch, then under twenty-one years of age, came to Cooper county from Kentucky, and the following year was married at Clark's Fork, to Miss Sarah Lougley. This union proved along and happy one, and was blessed with twelve children, of whom Samuel, Jr., was the eighth. They were as follows : Andrew M., Henry, Susan, Calvin, William, Mary J., James T., Samuel, Gabriel, Sarah, George and Ellen. Nearly all of these grew to maturity and become heads of families, but now only four are living, Andrew M., Samuel, Gabriel and George. The parents after their marriage settled in what is now Prairie Home, but two years afterward went to the praifle near Pisgah, and lived there, except one year, in Benton county, un- til their deaths. The mother died May 5, 1862, in her fifty-seventh HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1117 year; the father, April 30, 1868, in his sixty-eighth year. In 1849 he went to California, and was satisfactorily successful there, return- ing in less than two years afterwards. He was also a successful farmer, and at his death had a landed estate of about 500 acres. Samuel, the son, was born near Pisgah, August 5, 1835, and was reared on his father's farm. October 22, 1856, he was married to Miss Lucy Dooley, of Miller county. She was born December 2, 1838. Samuel accompanied his father to Benton county, where he entered laud and lived about two years. He then returned to Cooper county, and has since resided here. In February, 1855, he bought his present farm, containing 520 acres of fine land, which is well im- proved. Besides this, he also owned 600 acres, which he has divided among his sons. On his homestead he grows about 300 acres of grain annually, about two-thirds of which is wheat. The balance is in blue grass and meadow. Mr. Carpenter raises considerable stock, having over' a hundred head of cattle, and some of them of a very tine quality. He has a family of three sons and a daughter, William Henry, George Andrew, Mason Rice and Martha Ellen. Another, Uriah G., died in infancy. All his children have been educated at the Prairie Home In- stitute. His wife, himself and family are members of the Baptist "church at Pisgah. His children were born as follows: William H., September 4, 1857 ; George A., March 16, 1860 ; M. C, October 28, 1863, and Miss Martha E., July 28, 1868. Mr. Carpenter is one of the most successful and enterprising agriculturalists of the county. CALVIN M. CAREY, deceased, late proprietor of Maple Grove farm. A man who led a useful and blameless life, and of whom it might with truth be said that — " Nothing in his life Became him like the leaving it," was Calvin M; Carey, the subject of this memoir — a public-spirited citizen, a valued neighbor, and a kind and affectionate husband and father. Having had but little to begin life with for himself, by his own honest exertions and personal worth he accumulated a comforta- ble estate as a staff for old age, and reared a family that reflects credit upon his name, and cherishes and venerates his memory. He was born October 20, 1825, in the township where his whole life was spent, and in whose bosom his remains are now sleeping to wake no more — " 'Till joy shall overtake His perfect calm." 72 1118 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Mr. Carey was the third of a family of eight children of Evan and Sallie (Burger) Carey, six of whom, two brothers and four sisters, are now living : George and Alfred, and Ann, Sarah, Mary and Bettie. The father died many years ago, but his mother is still living at the age of seventy-eight. Reared on his father's farm in youth, he attended such neighborhood schools as they had in those days, and occupied much of his leisure time in study at home, thus acquiring a good practical education. Farming, not unnaturally, be- came his occupation for life, and in this he was abundantly successful, leaving a splendid farm of some 500 acres at his death, on which his family still resides. He also dealt, to a considerable extent, in mules and other live stock. Mr. Carey was twice married. His first wife, formerly Miss Mary Bruce, to whom he was married in early man- hood, died in 1854. December 2, 1862, he was married to Miss Ma- tilda T. Miller, a most estimable and amiable lady, originally of Madison county, Kentucky, born June 6„ 1840. She was a daughter of James E. and Harriet F. (Tevis) Miller, of Moniteau. Her father died in 1846 and her mother in 1867. She has a brother at Sedalia, Doctor Robert T. Miller. Mrs. Carey still survives her lamented husband. They were blessed with a family of seven children : Estelle E., Hattie M., Anna M., Maud T., Sallie B., Robert A. and George C, the last of whom, however, died in childhood. All are at home, and were educated at the Prairie Home institute. Their father was an active, zealous friend to education, and was mainly instrumental in building up the institution at which his children were educated. He was for twenty years an earnest, sincere member of the Methodist church, and on the 11th day of February, 1879, breathed his last, triumphant in death in the faith which his life had so long and so beautifully illustrated. MAJOR DRURY DAVIS. Major Drury Davis was one of the early settlers of Howard county, Missouri. He emigrated from Wayne county, Keutucky, and settled in Howard county, Missouri, in the fall of 1817, about three miles southeast of where Fayette is now. He was one of the first justices of the peace of Howard county. He was a great hunter. He killed a great many deer, found a great many bees, and manufactured a considerable amount of gunpowder. After about four years' resi- dence in Howard county he emigrated to Cole county, Missouri, and settled at a very noted spring about sixteen miles southwest of Jeffer- son City, when that country was a wilderness. Soon after he settled HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1119 in Cole county, and he built a powder mill and manufactured a large 'quantity of gunpowder. He was justice of the peace, major of the state militia, and represented Cole countv in the state legislature when Cole included nearly all of what is now Moniteau and Miller counties. In 1832 he removed to Cooper county, where he lived until 1843, en- gaged mainly in farming. In 1843 he removed to Macon county, Missouri, and engaged in farming and merchandising. He removed back to Cooper county in 1856, where he remained until he died, in the eighty-fifth year of his age, on the 10th of October, 1872. O. P. DAVIS. O. P. Davis, son of Major Drury Davis, was born in Wayne county, Kentucky, on the 16th day of September, 1816. He was the eldest of a family of sixteen children — twelve sons and four daugh- ters. His mother's maiden name was East, daughter of Captain North East, of Wayne county, Kentucky. She was iii many respects a very remarkable woman. She carried the subject of this sketch in her lap on a horse from Wayne county, Kentucky, to Howard county, Mis- souri, when a boy one year old, expecting to bury him at almost every encampment on the way, he being sick when they started, and sick all the way. She raised all her children to be grown without calling a doctor to see one of them. She was a woman of fine, practical sense, and great resolution. She was for many years a devoted member of the Baptist church, and for several of the last years of her life a worthy member of the Christian church. The subject of this sketch grew up in Missouri, when school facilities were very poor; but being passion- ately fond of books from a child, and a close student during the early years of his life, he managed to acquire a fair English education. He became a member of the Baptist church at Pisgah,- Cooper county, Missouri, in 1837. He removed to Macon county, Missouri, in 1839, with his youngest brother, Jeremiah Davis, when that part of the country was almost a wilderness, undergoing the privations and hard- ships incident to a frontier life. He was licensed to preach the gospel by the Baptist church in the spring of 1842, and was regularly or- dained in the spring or summer of 1843. He preached for the Baptist church in that country with great acceptance until the spring of 1846, when they accused him of preaching what they called Campbellism, and decided that he should preach no longer for them. He preached but little from that time until the fall of 1848, when he identified him- self with the Christian church, and has been engaged in the work of the ministry ever since. His labors were confined chiefly to Macon 1120 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. county until the spring of 1857, when he removed to Cooper county, Missouri, and was for several years the only Christian preacher in Cooper county. He has been instrumental, in a large measure, in establishing and building up the Christian church in Cooper county since 1857, and also in Moniteau and Miller counties. He was married on the 12th day of September, 1843, to Miss Sally L. Robinson, daughter of Samuel E. Robinson, of Mercer county, Kentucky. They have raised eight children — four sons and four daughters — one now dead and seven living, all members of the Christian church. He is still farming and preaching, though, owing to feeble health, is preach- ing but little at this time. U. E. & D. L. DAVIS, general merchants, Prairie Home. The business of the above named firm was established by the senior partner, Mr. Urban E. Davis, in February, 1881, and in January, 1882, his elder brother, Drury, L., became his partner, since which it has been conducted under the name of U. E. & D. L. Davis. Drury L. was the second and Urban E. the fifth of a family of eight children, the former born March 29, 1849, and the latter July 20, 1852, both in Macon county, Missouri. Both had the advantages afforded by the common schools, and Drury L. attended the state normal school at Kirksville three years. He entered the normal school in 1869 and concluded his studies there in 1873, having taught a three months' school at Newburg and an eight months' school at Salisbury in the meantime. After his normal course he taught two terms at New Salem, followed by four years' teaching at Prairie Home. He then taught two years at Pisgah and another year at Prairie Home, after which he became a partner with his brother in their" present mercantile business. While teaching he also conducted a farm of eighty acres near Pisgah. He was married August 1, 1878, to Miss Florence M., daughter of Charles B. Frank- lin, of Prairie Home. She was born September 10, 1860. They have two children: Maud, born August 9, 1879, and Ida May, born Feb- ruary 24, 1881. Urban E. Davis, after quitting the farm at the age of twenty, went to Texas in 1872 and engaged in school teaching there, but re- turned the following year and farmed until 1880. He then went back to Texas and established a mercantile business at Mill Sap that state, with his cousin, Drury Davis. Returning to Missouri in a couple of months after this, he thereupon, in February, 1881, estab- lished the store at Prairie Home, in which he is now a partner. His HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1121 cousin subsequently died in Texas, leaving their business there with- out a manager, and on account of that event he went to Mill Sap and closed it out, since which he has devoted his whole attention to his Prairie Home interests. They carry a large stock of general mer- chandise, and have an extensive and rapidly increasing trade. Both are thoroughly qualified business men and are justly popular as neigh- bors and citizens. They are members of the Christian church, and Drury L. is a member of the A. F. and A. M. FRANK M. DAVIS. Frank M., son of Major Drury and Nancy P. (East) Davis, was born in Cooper county, Missouri, April 4th, 1836. When he was nine years of age his parents removed to Macon county, where Frank M. grew up to his nineteenth year. He then returned to Cooper county and was engaged in farm labor at the time of the outbreak of the war. He thereupon enlisted in the Confederate service, in the 2d Missouri cavalry, under Colonel McCuIloch, and remained with his regiment until its final surrender in 1865, participating in all the battles in which it was engaged. At the close of the war he returned to Cooper county and was married November 16, 1865, to Miss Emeline, daughter of William Hurt. He then bought a part of the Logan farm, on which he lived seven years, after which he removed to the old Davis homestead near Jewett's mill. He remained on this place until 1881, when he removed to his present farm, which contains 240 acres of excellent land in a good state of improvement. Mr. Davis is an industrious intelligent farmer and a good neighbor and citizen. Three children have blessed his married life — Katie, Albert S. L., and Addie. Mrs. Davis is a member of the Christian church, and her husband is overseer of the P. of H. at Fairview. CHARLES C. ELDRIDGE, farmer, section 2. Mr. Eldridge is native of Rhode Island, and was born at East Greenwich, Kent county, of that state, September 29, 1840. He was a son of Charles and Sarah Eldridge. At the age of sixteen he came west and lived in Wisconsin about three years, where he learned the machinists* trade, at Beloit. Returning to his native •tate in 1861, he enlisted in the 1st Rhode Island battery, in which he served three months. After this he enlisted for three years in the 4th Rhode Island, and was subsequently promoted to the position of lieutenant. At Petersburg, Va., he was wounded in the shoulder by a minnie ball. At the conclusion of his military service, he re- 1122 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. turned to his trade and worked at Providence, Ehode Island, at Cleveland, Ohio, and at East Greenwich, his birth-place. In 1866 he came to Missouri and worked with his brother, James. He was mar- ried December 23, 1869, to Miss Martha A., daughter of North Davis. She was born in Macon county, and her father having died was reared by her grandfather, Drury Davis. About this time he bought the Talbot place, and has since added to it until now he owns 250 acres of fine land, substantially improved. He grows over 100 acres of grain and raises some stock, principally cattle, hogs and sheep. Mr. and Mrs. Eldridge have a family of eight children, James S., Lucy S., Elizabeth D., Margaret A., Charles C, Anna M., Mary F., and an infant. He is a member of the A. F. and A. M., and of the Christian church. NEWTON A. GILBREATH, farmer, section 25. One of the substantial and well-to-do farmers of Prairie Home township is the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. His farm contains over three-quarters of a section of good land, and he gives his attention to both grain and stock raising, mainly cattle and hogs in the stock line. He was born on the farm where he now and has since lived, November 11, 1834. His father, Hugh Gil- breath, who was a native of Virginia, came to this county from Tennessee, in 1827, and principally improved the place. He first bought a tract of land of eighty acres of William Martin, and then the following year eighty more of Jesse Martin, to which he after added other tracts until at his death, January. 21, 1852, and many years before, he owned about 800 acres. Newton A. was a son by his father's second marriage. By the first marriage there were six children : John, Jane, Catherine, Nancy and two others. Their mother, formerly a Miss Conover, died before the family came to this state. After her death their father married Miss Flora McDuffy, originally from South Carolina, but then a resident of Tennessee. Twelve children were the fruits of this union, of whom N. A. was the eighth, as follows : James C, Derinda, Hugh F., Mary A., Nancy E., William M., Louisa, Newton A., Alfred W., Flora L., Thomas J. and Minerva. Seven of these are still living, and most of them became heads of families. Newton A. in common with the other children, received an ordinary good education as he grew up, and was married November 18, 1863, to Miss Logie A. daughter of Logan Forsythe, an early settler of the county. He has had charge of the farm since his father's death, and owns the homestead tract. During HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1123 the war Mr. G. was taken prisoner by the Unionists and confined in St. Louis and Alton military prisons some time, after which he was released on parole on condition that he would remain in Illinois. He was absent from home about one year. Mr. and Mrs. Gilbreath have no children of their own, but have three that they are rearing : Joseph Potter, aged thirteen ; Lizzie McArthur, aged twelve, and Ellis Hoden, aged seven. Mrs. G.'s father was killed when she was less than a year old. Her mother is now the wife of John R. Williams. CAPTAIN ALBERT HORNBECK, farmer. Captain Hornbeck, assessor of Cooper county, and for a number of years a prominent merchant of the eastern part of the county, at Prairie Home, was born in Saline township August 30, 1840. He was a grandson of Michael Hornbeck, who came to this county from Tennessee with his family as early as 1814, and built the second house ever erected in Boonville. In 1817 Michael Horn- beck settled the Muir farm, near Boonville,- and afterwards removed to Saline township and opened the farm where 'Squire Freeman now lives. He died about 1858, his wife having preceded him in death some ten years. They had nine sons and one daughter, most of whom became heads of families. Andrew, their second son, and the father of Captain Hornbeck, was born in May, 1814, in Tennessee, just before his parents started for this country. He grew up here and was twice married, rearing two families of children. His first wife, formerly Miss Sallie Woods, to whom he was married about 1836, was a daughter of Alexander and Nancy Woods, early settlers in the county, from Tennessee. She had two sisters and five brothers, all but two of whom are still living. She died about 1846, leaving five chil- dren : Gilbert, Albert (the subject of this sketch), William, Riley and Nancy. Gilbert died in bwyhood and William at the age of twenty- four. His second wife was Elizabeth, a cousin of his first wife, and daughter of Jesse Woods. Nine children followed this union : Jere- miah, Jackson, Samuel, Thirza, Jesse, Michael, Robert, John and Martha— all of whom are living in Saline township except Thirza and Michael. In 1849 the father settled about a mile and a half east of Prairie Home, where he lived a well respected life and was satisfactor- ily successful as a farmer until his death. Albert, the second son by the first marriage, grew to manhood on his father's farm, and in the spring of 1861 enlisted in Captain Simmons' company, under Gover- nor Jackson's first call. In the following August he entered the 10th Missouri regiment as first lieutenant of Captain Barry\s company, in 1124 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER CODNTIES. which he served until well along in the war, when he recruited a com- pany of volunteers, of which he was elected captain. This he com- manded until he was wounded in a charge at Mine Creek, Kansas. Recovering, however, he rejoined the command, and served until the general surrender. Coming here after the war, he was married Octo- ber 11, 1866, to Miss Mary E., daughter of William McClanahan, of this county. She was born October 22, 1842. They have a family of five children: Gilbert, Hattie E., Sallie, Charles M.,died in infan- cy, William A. and Jessie Lee. Captain Hornbeck has followed farm- ing all his life, except while in the army, and from 1869 to 1878, during which time he was merchandising. He lived three years in Henry county — 1867, 1868 and 1869 — and one year in Texas — 1878. He has a neat, comfortable farm at Prairie Home. In 1882 he was elected county assessor for two years. He is a member of the Chris- tian church and of the A. F. and A. M. WASHINGTON A. JOHNSTON, farmer. Between 1817 and 1821 four brothers, Garvin, Robert B., Alexander and James, the sons of Alexander and Margaret (Barnett) Johnston, came out from the chivalric Palmetto state of the south and made their homes in Missouri, the first in Jackson county, and the other three in Cooper county. Robert B. came in 1819, and in 1824 was married to Miss Elender, daughter of William and Nancy (Pern-' berton) Powell, of this county. On coming to the county Robert B. Johnston settled on a claim he bought, and improved, an excellent farm, afterwards adding to it until it contained 240 acres of fine laud. There he lived a quiet, industrious and honorable life, and died in 1868 at the advauced age of ninety-three. He was an old-time Jackson democrat, strongly southern in sympathies, and for sixty years a ruling elder in the Cumberland Presbyterian church. His wife is still living at the age of eighty-three. They lived together within a fraction of sixty years, and reared seven children, all of whom are still living, there having been but one death in the family, that of the father, since they were married. Their family of children consisted of one son, the eldest, and six daughters, as follows : Washington A., the subject of this sketch ; Nancy J., wife of Asa McClaiu, in Carroll county; Martha R., wife of Rev. W. D, Mahan ; Mary Barnett, wife of Judge J. S. McFarland ; Elizabeth A., wife of Henry Howard, Carrollton ; Margaret E., wife of F. M. Smith, and Susan E., wife of James Parsons. Washington A. was born January 1, 1825, on the farm upon which he still lives, and received an ordinary, good educa- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1125 tion in youth. April 20, 1848, he was married to Miss Martha, daughter of William Hunt, of this county. She was born January 4, 1829. They have two children : Nancy, wife of William J. Lacy, and Jennie L., still at home. Both were educated at Prairie Home insti- tute, and the latter filled the position of music teacher at that school. Mr. Johnston joined General Price's army in 1861, but was captured three months afterwards and paroled. He remained true to his pa- role until the close of the war. He is a worthy and exemplary mem- ber of the Christian church, and a warm friend to education. His farm contains 320 acres of excellent land. Mr. Johnston is one of the sterling, true and staunch men of Cooper county. JOHN S. JOHNSTON, farmer, section 2. James and Martha (Brown) Johnston, the parents of John S., emigrated from Tennessee in 1818, and settled in Clark's Fork, in this county, where the father afterwards died about 1870, his wife having preceded him to the grave during the late war. There were six children — John S. being the eldest — as follows: John S., Hugh, James B., Joseph R., Mary and Ann. Mary married North Davis, and died prior to 1860. Ann married William Parsons, and died about 1868. John S., the eldest, was born before his parents left Tennessee, in Warren county, October 25, 1816, but was reared in this county. Reared on a farm, he devoted himself to a farm life, and followed that occupation first in Morgan and Pettis counties after he grew up, where he had entered 200 acres of land. Subsequently he lived a year in Macon county, and, after his marriage, settled near Prairie Home, where he owned a 200 acre tract of land. In October, 1855, he engaged with his brother Hugh in merchandising at Otter- ville, Missouri, and followed it for four years. He then came to his present farm, which contains over a quarter section of good land. He raises wheat principally, but also raises other cereal products and some stock. He was married October 14, 1850, to Miss Nancy C. Zollinger, originally of Frederick county, Maryland. She was a daughter of George Zollinger, who came to this county in 1818. They have three children : James, married Kate Gilbreath, now residents of Prairie Home township ; Kate attended Haynes' school, of Boonville; and George attended Prairie Home school. The last two are at home. Mr. J. is a member of the I. O. O. F., and was a school director for ten years. REV. H. D. KENNEDY, Cumberland Presbyterian minister. Rev. H. D. Kennedy was born in Todd county, Kentucky, September 1, 1837. His father was 1126 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Hon. Urban E. Kennedy, and his mother formerly Miss Lavina Bryan, both natives of the same state. They were married in that state, and lived in Todd county until their deaths. The father was a prominent citizen of the county, and was for several terms a member of the state legislature. He lived to the advanced age of eighty- three. The son, H. D., was educated at Bethel college, Tennessee, from which he graduated in 1858. He has been a life-long member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, and commenced his ministry in Tennessee and Kentucky. In 1871 he came to Verona, Lawrence county, Missouri, and had charge of the church there nearly three years. He then assumed control of the church at Independence, Missouri, and remained there a year ; after this he went to Columbus, Johnson county, and occupied the pulpit at that place until 1876. From Columbus he came to Otterville, and served the congregation there until 1880, when he took charge of the New Salem, Bethel and New Bethlehem churches, and made his home at Prairie Home, where he has since resided. Rev. Mr. Kennedy is a member of the Pres- byterian committee on theological examinations of candidates for ad- mission to the ministry of the New Lebanon presbytery, and is also chairman of the home missionary committee. He was married in Christian county, Kentucky, February 24, 1861, to Miss Antoinette Barnette, but she died August 17, 1873. About five years afterwards, March 28, 1878, he was married a second time. His present wife was the widow of George W. Stevens, brother to the late Colonel Joe L. Stevens. Her maiden name was Mary E. Morris ; she was a daughter of William Walter and Sarah E. (Spenney) Morris, and was born March 2, 1847. Mr. Morris came to Cooper county early in life, and for many years was a prominent merchant of Boonville. He and his wife were both natives of Virginia ; her father, Weeden Spenney, ran a mill near Bnnceton, and was well know and highly esteemed throughout the country where he lived. He had but two children, both daughters, and both married, Miss Morris, the younger daughter, having become his wife after the death of her elder sister. The present Mrs. Kennedy is the only living representative of either the Spenney or Morris families in this state, except her daughter by her first marriage, Miss Celeste Stephens, aged seventeen, now at- tending school at Boonville. Weeden Spenney died in 1859 ; Mr. Morris died in Texas about 1855 ; his wife, Sarah E:, died September 14, 1848 ; Mrs. Kennedy's first husband, George W. Stephens, died July 29, 1874. Rev. Mr. Kennedy has one sister in this state, Mary E., widow of Rev. J. H. Niskell, late of the Cumberland Presbvte- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1127 rian church at Salem, Illinois. She now resides in Lexington, Missouri. WILLIAM KIRSCHMAN, farmer, section 8. Mr. Kirschman was born in the vicinity in which he now lives October 21, 1841. He was the fourth of a family of nine children of Ernst Kirschman and wife, formerly Miss Anna Muri. His father was a Prussian by nativity, but his mother was originally from Switzerland. They were married in Ohio, and removed to Mis- souri and settled in Cooper county in 1835. The father died here in 1854 ; the mother survived the husband nearly thirty years, dying January 23, 1883. The following were their family of children : Mary A., now the wife of G. H. Meyer, of California, Missouri ; Caroline, now wife of J. N. E. Moser, of the same place ; Thomas, residing at Jimtown ; William, the subject of this sketch; John, residing at Jimtown ; Henry, residing in Cole county ; Charles, residing on the old family homestead ; Elizabeth, widow of A. L. Maas ; and Ernst, residing near William. The father had no brothers or sisters, and his descendants are the only ones known of the name. William grew up on his father's farm, and when the war came on was old enough for military duty. He joined the 5th Missouri state militia, commanded by Colonel Albert Siegel, in which he served two years. He then turned his- attention to farming, and was married March 22, 1865, to Miss Matilda, a daughter of Christopher and Ruth (Martin) Jahn, of Moniteau county. She was born February 28, 1843. After farming a year, Mr. Kirschman ran a saw, grist and carding mill three years, in Cole county. He then, in 1868, bought land at Prairie Home and farmed there until 1881, when he came to his present place, a good farm of 160 acres of land, known as the " Hanshaw farm." He raises nearly 100 acres of grain annually, and also raises some stock. Mr. and Mrs. Kirschman have a family of eight children. Henry G. died November 22, 1882, in his seventeenth year. The others are as follows ; Mary A., Elsie J., Benjamin F., Wm. O, Emma R., Ernst M., Ida L. and Charles P. ARCHIBALD J. LACY, M. D., physician and surgeon. The Lacys and the Johnstons are two well- known and worthy families of the Old Dominion, members of each of which occupy prominent places in the history of that state. Of these families, Dr. Lacy, the subject of this sketch, for over thirty years a practising physician of this section of the state, is a direct descendant and lineal representative. William Lacy was the founder of the first 1128 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. named family in this country, a native of England as his name implies. He had six sons, Archibald being one of these. Archibald settled in Kent county, Virginia, and reared a family, of whom Theophilus and William Adam were his two sons. William A. became a physician, married and reared a family. His wife was formerly Miss Agnes Johnston, whose family is too well known to require further notice. They reared five children, of whom Dr. Archibald J., the subject of this sketch, was the only son. In 1836 the family came to this state and settled in Cole county (the part that is now in Moniteau), and in 1851 they removed to Saline county. Subsequently they went to Vernon county, where Dr. William A., the father and his family still live. Archibald J. was born in Stokes county, North Carolina, July 25, 1823, and came with his parents to Cole county, this state, in 1836. He was educated in the common schools of his native state and of Cole (now Moniteau) county, and studied medicine under his father, a very able and successful physician. In 1848 he entered McDowell's medical college, at St. Louis, and was graduated from that celebrated institution in 1850. He then entered upon the prac- tice of his profession in Monitqau and Cooper counties, and soon ac- quired an enviable reputation as a skilful and thorough physician. He has since been engaged in the practice in the surrounding country with but few intermissions of only a short time each. In 1863 he entered the Confederate army as contract surgeon in Shelby's brigade, and continued there until the close of the war. He then practised at Clark's Fork, this county, until 1879, when he came to Prairie Home, where he has since lived. Dr. Lacy has been twice married. His first wife, formerly Miss Mary L. Winston, originally of Stokes county, North Carolina, when he married in Platte county, Missouri, February 25, 1846, died October 24, 1848. April 1, 1851, the doctor was again married, Miss Julia A., daughter of Dr. R. W. M. Gale, of this county, becoming his wife. She was born in Booliville, April 21, 1832. His last wife died, June 28, 1870. Of -the first union there is a son : William J. married Miss Nannie S. Johnston and resides near Prairie Home. Of the second wife there were three children : Robert A. married and subsequently died July 18, 1878 ; George G., married and resides in Saline township ; and Agnes G., died January 3, 1875, near Salado, Texas. The doctor has been a member of the A. F. and A. M. for ten years and is secretary of the Prairie Home lodge. He has a picture of his father, himself, his son and his grandson — the eldest sons in lineal descent for four generations. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1129 FRANK S. MENEFEE, farmer, section 24. Mr. Menefee is a representative of two of the most respectable families of northeastern Kentucky, the Menefeesand Aliens. His father was Dr. Jonas Menefee, for over forty years one of the prominent physicians and leading citizens of Nicholas county, and his mother, formerly Miss Jane Q. Allen, was a daughter of Jud^e Allen, of Paris, Bourbon county. Frank S. was born in Paris, Ken- tucky, January 30, 1825, but was reared in Corlish, Nicholas county, where his parents lived, and near which his father owned a fine farm. His mother, however, died when he was about ten years of age, and his father was married twice afterwards. The second wife, formerly Miss Maria Hedges, lived only a short time after her marriage, and after her death his father married Miss Nancy Thomas. Dr. Menefee died September 13, 1866, and his last wife in 1879. There were but four in his family of children, and two of them, Laura and John Allen, died before reaching their tenth year. The eldest, Grosjean, died in 1849, at the age of twenty-seven. All were children of the first mar- riage. Frank M. was educated for a physician, but his natural inclina- tion led him to prefer the life of a farmer. ' In 1846, however, his youthful enthusiasm led him to enlist for service in the Mexican war, but the company was never called into the field. Animated by a spirit of adventure, he then came west to Leavenworth, Kansas, and there entered the service of the Government and drove a team across the plains into Chihuahua, Mexico. He was out on this trip about eighteen months. He then engaged in driving stock south, but after- wards returned to Kentucky, and on the 28th of September, 1849, was married at Aberdeen to Miss Mary, the accomplished daughter of Colonel Hamilton. Her father had been a gallant officer in the war of 1812. Mr. Menefee then followed farming in his native county until 1860, when he removed to Knox county, this state. But three years afterwards he returned to the Blue Grass state, and in 1868 came out to Missouri again and settled on his present farm, the Jesse McFarlaud farm, as it is called, a fine estate of over 400 acres, handsomely lo- cated and comfortably improved. Here he has since lived and fol- lowed grain and stock raising. Mr. and Mrs. Menefee have a family of four children : Charles, married Miss Lizzie Taylor, of Saline county, and resides near Pilot Grove ; John A., farming in Colorado ; Miss Laura, at home, and William H., in stock business in Nevada; Jonas and Samuel G., both at home. Mrs. M. and Miss Laura are members of the Christian church, and the latter received a superior education at the Prairie Home Institute. 1130 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. FRANK SIMMONS. It was about 1830 that Bell Simmons, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, emigrated from North Carolina with his family, and settled in Moniteau county. He lived in that county until his death, which occurred about 1844. His wife, whose maiden name was Ellen Hawkins, survived him some twenty-five years, dying in Henry county, this state, in 1869. They had a family of five children. Nancy, became the wife of John Murphy, but both she and her husband are now deceased. Kelly, the father of Franklin, to be noticed further along ; Noah died in Texas about six years ago, leaving a widow, formerly Miss Lucy Vivion of Moniteau county, Missouri; William, married Miss Calphurnia Alexander and died about four years ago in Henry county, and Litia, wife of William Deatherage. Kelly Simmons, the second of these, after he grew up, was married August 21, 1833, to Miss Malinda, daughter of Thomas and Margaret (Yount), Smith, mention of whom is made in the sketch of Jeremiah Smith, their son. Mrs. Simmons was born in Tennessee, March 21, 1816. Mr. and Mrs. Simmons reared a family of ten children, of whom Franklin is the youngest, as follows : Thomas, resides at Prairie Home ; Manson B., resides in Barton county ; Margeret E., wife of Richard Hudson, Tipton, Missouri; Martha J., wife of Henry Shores of Salem, Missouri, but died in 1875; Susan A., wife J. S. Shores, Brownsville, Missouri ; Joseph H., resides near Fort Worth, Texas, Ephraim, resides in Prairie Home township ; William, on a part of the old homestead ; Richard T., resides near Flora Orr, and Frank- lin. The father of these commenced in life a poor man, and by industry, good management and fair dealing, accumulated a comfortable estate long prior to his death, which occurred June 10, 1882. His home- stead numbered 400 acres of fine land and he had it well improved. He was a member of the Baptist church for nearly forty years and his widow, a motherly good woman, partook of the communion with her husband during all this time. She is still living where so many happy years have been spent. Franklin, her youngest son, who was born April 22, 1858, a young man of great industry, excellent character and superior intelligence, has charge of the homestead part of the farm, and is conducting it with the most gratifying success. He was educated at Prairie Home institute and has every promise of becoming one of the successful farmers and useful citizens of the county. JEREMIAH SMITH, farmer, section 19. One of the oldest citizens of Cooper county, and one whose life has been such that in the past he can find nothing HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1131 to regret; in the future, nothing to fear, is the venerable old gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He was born in Campbell county, Tennessee, May 16, 1810. His father, Thomas Smith, was a native of Virginia, but in early life made his home in Tennessee, where he met and won in marriage Miss Margaret Yount, originally of North Carolina. Eight years after the birth of Jeremiah they started by wagon in a ti-ain of pioneers consisting of five families — James and Henry McKinney, Dave Chambers, William Poe, and themselves — across the country to the frontier of civilization — the territory of Missouri. Mr. Smith's parents settled in Old Franklin, and six years afterwards, when the river swept the place away, they removed to Moniteau (then Cole) county. His father was a brickmason, and built most of the early brick houses in this section of the State. In 1830, he returned to Cooper county and entered a tract of 160 acres of land near Prairie Home, now owned by N. Eeader, where he lived until his death, which occurred in 1848. He entered other lands besides that, and when he died owned about 1,000 acres. His wife died in 1873, at the advanced age of eighty-three years. They had a family of eight children, Jeremiah being the eldest. The others were Richard, now resides near Jefferson City; Maria, wife of P. W. Bankson, but died about 1870 ; Matilda, married William Moore, in Moniteau county, and died about twenty years ago ; Malinda, widow of Kelly Simmons ; John, died in California about 1850; Boon, a merchant at Belton, Cass county, died February 1, 1883, leaving a widow and children ; and Mary, wife of C. C. Banta, of Henry county. Jeremiah after he grew up started out in the world for him- self by working for $100 a year, and thus secured money to enter eighty acres oHand, which he did in 1837. The first winter he im- proved forty acres, having but one horse to use on his place. From this small beginning he increased his possessions to over 500 acres, and after having giving lands liberally to his children he still has a large and comfortable homestead. In 1839, he went to Louisiana in the°horse and mule'busine*s, and has had considerable to do with stock. He has entered lands in various parts of the state, and dealt to some extent in real estate. Mr. Smith was married April 11, 1845, to Miss Lititia C, daughter of Jesse George, of this county. She was born March 1, 1823. They also have had a family of eight children — Thomas E., who married Mary Wall, and lives in Cass county; George A., married Dora Williams, of Bates county; Martha E., married Joseph Franklin, of Bates county ; Robert B., married Katie, ■ daughter of James Boswell ; Alice, William A., John H., and Josie. 1132 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. Lee, are still at home, and all were educated at the Prairie Home Institute. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are both members of the Cumber- land Presbyterian church. OTTO SPIELER, farmer, section 3. Mr. Spieler was born in Saxony, Prussia, March 4, 1836, and came to this county with his parents, Andrew and Do- rothea (Rise) Spieler, in 1846, who settled in Cooper county on the place where they still reside. Both were born in 1802, and at the age of eighty-one are still comparatively vigorous in mind and bod}', and now live with their son, Otto. When a youth, between fifteen and nineteen, Otto clerked in Boonville for Calhoun & Bacon, about three years, from 1851 to 1853. During the war he served about five months in the regularly enrolled militia; was first lieutenant in com- pany E, 52d Missouri, and was in the skirmish at Big Lick when seven out of his squad of eleven were killed. He made his escape with only a slight wound, but ran two and a half miles hotly pursued, and wounded one of his pursuers by firing back while run- ning. July 2, 1865, Mr. Spieler was married to Miss Margaret Young, a native of Indiana. She was horn at Goshen, that state, January 1, 1850. They have a family of eight children : Minnie, Elizabeth, Ernst, Otto, Henry, Laura, Bertha and Elsa. His farm contains 300 acres, and he raises over 100 acres of grain, principally wheat, and some stock, mainly sheep, hogs, horses and mules. Mr. S. was jus- tice of the peace in 1881 and 1882, and is now road overseer. He is a member of the Evangelical church. S. M. TEEL, M. D., and JOHN M. POINDEXTER, M. D., constitute the firm of Teel & Poindexter, physicians and surgeons at Prairie Home. Dr. Samuel M. Teel, the senior partner of the above named firm, was born in Albemarle county, Virginia, January 4, 1851, and was a son of Samuel M. Teel, Esq., and his wife, form- erly a Miss Agnes Johnson, a daughter of Capt. Collin Johnson, who settled in Cooper county, near Otterville, where he lived until his death. The doctor is the sixth of a family of thirteen children, all of whom are still living, but he is the only one now a resident of this state. He took an academic course in the university of Virginia, and in 1874 entered the medical department of that university, from which he was graduated with distinction two years afterwards. In Novem- ber, 1876, he came to Missouri, and was associated with Dr Wm. H. Ellis in the practice in this county two years, after which, on the 2d ot HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1133 September, 1878, he located at Prairie Home. Here his thorough qualifications as a physician, his close attention to the practice, and his gentlemanly, unexceptionable bearing have ingratiated him into the confidence and esteem of the public, and justly brought him and his worthy associate an extensive and lucrative practice. He was mar- ried, November 5, 1879 to Miss Nettie P., the accomplished daughter of John E. Williamson, of Saline township. She was born, June 20, 1861. They have a family of two bright and interesting children : Agnes, born August 10, 1880, and Anna E., born March 4, 1882. The doctor and his estimable lady are both members of the Baptist church, and he is a member of the A. F. and A. M. Dr. John W. Poindexter was also a son of the old Dominion, and was born at Char- lottesville, November 1, 1851. His father, Dr. James W. Poindexter is an old and prominent physician in that part of Virginia. His moth- er was formerly Miss Mary J. Wayt, a most worthy and excellent lady. The doctor received a superior general education, and entered the Virginia medical college at Eichmond in 1872, from which he was graduated with marked honor in March, 1875. He then entered actively upon the practice of his profession in association with his father at Charlottesville, and was afterwards located at White Hall, but in 1860, came to the imperial west — the hesperian garden of fortune for all young men of intellect, culture and energy, and joined Dr. Teel in the practice at Prairie Home. Here his progress to promi- nence as a physician, and to success in life has been rapid and substantial, and gives promise of a bright and useful future. MES. SAEAH S. THOMPKINS. Mrs. Thompkins, daughter of William and Elizabeth H. (Stegar) Robertson, was born in Albemarle county, Virginia, September 27, 1806. Her father died when she was but seven years of age. Her mother, however, who was of German descent, lived to an advanced age. When in her twenty-second year, October 22, 1829, Mrs. Thompkins, then Miss Eobertson, was married to Albert G. Thomp- kins, a native of Flu viana county, Virginia, born August 22, 1779, and a nephew to Hon. George Thompkins, who founded the first law school at St. Louis ever established west of the Mississippi river. No children were born of this union. Two years after their marriage they determined to come west to seek their fortune, and, accord- ingly in 1831, came by wagon across the Alleghanies and into the heart of the great interior valley of the continent, making their home in Cooper county. The entire journey was made in a one- 73 1134 HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. horse wagon, which contained all their worldly possessions. Here, in 1833, they entered eighty acres of land, putting up a cabin, in which they lived some time without a chimney, doing their cook- in"- out of doors. But they had brave hearts and willing hands, and it was not long before the rewards of cheerful industry and intelligent management began to accumulate. Their store of this world's goods increased until in 1862, when Mr. Thompson was called by the voice of God to enter npon that higher and better life prepared for all his children. His estate was valued at $25,000. He died the 12th of February, at the age of sixty-three, after a more than ordinarily active and successful life, leaving behind as many friends and as few enemies as seldom fall to the lot of man. He kept a stage stand for many years, and was postmaster at " Mednay," as the stand was called, during the whole time. The war swept away sixteen negroes they owned, and otherwise dam- aged their estate, but not so much as to embarrass it. Mr. Thomp- kins was a member of the Methodist church south for thirty-six y ears — since 1826. The farm is now being conducted by Mr. Charles R. Scott, as manager, who was born in Potosi, Missouri, August 4, 1847, and is a sou of Harold B. and Sarah J. (Chris- ten) Scott, originally of Virginia. He was reared in St. Louis, and in 1861 came to Cooper county, since which he has made his home at Mrs. Thompkins. However, he was with Shelby from 1863 until the close of the war. He is W. M. of Prairie Home lodge, A. F. and A. M. JOHN ZIMMERMANN, hardware and tin shop. Mr. Zimmermann was born in Hesse, on the Rhine, January 3d, 1834, and, while he was in his infancy, his parents, Wyatt and Barbara (Felker) Zimmermann, immigrated to this country, and settled on the Monitean, in Moniteau county. His' father died there in 1848, and his mother afterward married a Mr. Witman. She died in Boonville in 1882, aged eighty-six. After his father's death, in 1849, John went to St. Charles, where he served an apprenticeship at the tinner's trade of seven years. July 13th, 1856, he was married to Miss Lizzie Creekbaum, of that city. He then worked on a farm two }'ears, and in 1858 returned to Cooper county, and established a shop at Boonville. He continued here two years, and in 1860 went to Fayette, where he remained until 1874, when he returned to Boonville, and, in the summer of that year, located at Prairie Home, and established his present business. He has a good stock of goods in his line, and a satisfactory trade. His wife died HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1135 March 12th, 1874, having borne him six children, as follows: John Henry, at Fayette; Agnes, Charles, William, Anna M., Emma and Joseph M. SALINE TOWNSHIP. PHILIP M. BASS, farmer. Mr. Bass was the youngest of a family of eight children of Talbot and Sally (Lawrence) Bass, originally of Kentucky, but only two of these are now living, the other being a sister, Julia A., the widow of Alfred Windson, late of Moniteau county, Their mother died when Philip M. was still a boy, and the father afterward married Mrs. Agnes Campbell, a widow lady. She is still living, but he died in 1859, in Moniteau county, this state. The family of children died, as follows : Isaac went to California in 1842, and has never been heard from since : Elizabeth died while a young lady ; Woodford died of the cholera, on the river, in about 1854 ; Bradford was killed by the militia during the war, while running the mill at Big Lick; Catherine died in maidenhood, and Warren died in May, 1876, near Overtown. Philip M. Bass was. born while his parents resided in Platte county, this state, August 22d, 1843. He was reared to a farm life, and in youth acquired the substantial rudiments of an edu- cation. He was just old enough to enter the army when the war broke out, in 1861, being then in his eighteenth year, and accord- ingly he enlisted in the Confederate service, under Colonel McCul- loch, and remained in that command until its surrender at Columbus, Mississippi, in May, 1865. His brother, Warren, enlisted at the same time, and they served together until the close of the war. Both were in all the battles in which the command took a part, and both were wounded ; Philip in the right shoulder, at Harrisburg, Missis- sippi, by a minnie ball, and Warren in the wrist by a navy ball, at Pea Eidge. Warren's wife, formerly Miss Eliza McClauahan, since his death, has married James Broyles, of Saline township. Philip married Miss Sallie, daughter of Adolph Smith, of Moniteau county, February 26th, 1868. She was born January 16th, 1847. They have had four children, Charles R., Columbus E., and Julia A. The eldest died in infancy. Except during the war, Mr. Bass has been constantly engaged in farming, and is an industrious farmer and well respected citizen. 1136 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. SYLVESTER CALVERT, proprietor of Cedar Ridge farm, section 7. Mr. Calvert, the owner and proprietor of the above-named farm, was born on his father's homestead, adjacent to the son's present place. February 17, 1833. His Grandfather, John Calvert, was one of the pioneer immigrants to ; this county, settling in Jolly's Bottom with his family, from Tennes- see, as early as 1813. He died there, in 1840, from the effects of an accident received while assisting in " raising" a horse-mill for Gabriel Brown, a near neighbor. His widow, whose maiden name was Dor- cas Collin, subsequently married James Mahan, but she died a few years afterwards, in 1847. Leonard Calvert, the father of Sylvester, was a lad six years of age when his parents emigrated from Tennessee, having been born' in 1807. After he grew up he was married to Miss Roxy Morley. This union was a long and happy one, and was blessed with the remarkably large family of sixteen children, fifteen of whom ived to maturity, and fourteen of whom are still alive and have fami- lies of their own. The parents died within two years of each other, in Pettis county, of which they had been residents for many years, the father passing away in his sixty-sixth year, and the mother two years before. Of this family Sylvester was the third in priority of birth. At the age of twenty-four he was married to Miss Lucretia F. Bell, of Boone county, the date of their banns being the 7th of March, 1857. She died, however, November 4, 1866, leaving three children : Roxy, wife of Thomas Blackburn ; Ida and Lucretus, who died in his twelfth year. In 1869, October 7, Mr. Calvert was again married, Miss Frances H. Walker, of Virginia, becoming his wife. Five children have resulted from this marriage, all of whom are at home : Elva L., Alice C, Emma J., Mary P. and Leonard W. Mr. Calvert's farm is an excellent one, and is substantially improved. He raises some stock, but devotes his attention mainly to, grain-producing, growing about 100 acres o'f wheat annually, and large quantities of corn and other cereal products. He joined General Price's army while it was in this state in 1864, and served until the end of the war. He is a member of the Baptist church . BRADLEY CAMPBELL. William Campbell, Sr., the father of the subject of this sketch, was one of the early settlers of this county, having immigrated here from Tennessee in 1820, whereupon he opened a farm in what is known as Jolly's Bottoms, locating his residence on the bluff. He HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTJES. 1137 died about 1840. Bradley was about thirteen years of age when the family removed to this state. He was bom in Cocke county, Tennes- see, November 4, 1807. After attaining his majority he was married August 21, 1829, to Miss Meeky, daughter of Samuel Hall. Her father died in St. Louis while en route to this county. The following year Mr. Campbell settled on his present farm, first entering eighty acres, which he improved. Since then he has added to and improved it until he now has a neat farm and comfortable home. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell have been blessed with seven children : Samuel H., now of Nebraska ; Clancy, Eliza, both early deceased ; Johannah, Smith, now of Moniteau county ; John L. and William. Clancy, their second daughter, is now the widow of E. H. Williams, and Johannah is the wife of Levi Shepherd. William, Jr., the youngest of the family of children, was born on his father's farm October 22, 1843. In his twenty-third year, March 22, 1866, he was married to Miss Martha, daughter of Samuel Kimbrough, now of Texas. They have one child, a daughter, OUie, born April 2, 1867. William Campbell and wife are members of the Baptist church at Big Lick. His mother died September 24, 1879. She had been a member of the same denomi- nation for over half a century, as has also his father, Bartley Camp- bell. JOHN M. CAMPBELL, farmer, section 27. When, in 1861, the bugle-call of the south sum- moned her brave sons to rally in defence of her hereditary institutions and the firesides of all, the subject of this sketch, then just entering upon the twenty-first year of his age, and fired with enthusiasm for the land of his fathers, was one of the first of Missouri's gallant young chivalry to enroll his name among those, who in defence of southern rights and southern manhood, had " the heart to do " and if necessary " the courage to die."" He at once became a volunteer in the 2d Mis- souri cavalry under Colonel McCullough and followed the fortunes of his command from the first shot it fired in the opening of the conflict until its meteor-like banner faded from the heavens to be seen no more forever. He participated in all the principal battles of the war in which his command was engaged, and finally surrendered with it at Columbus, Mississippi, in 1865. Keturning home in August, after the surrender, he was married, the 2d of January following, to Miss Mary E., daughter of Nathan Cooper, and at once established himself on a farm, which he had rented in Moniteau county. Two years after- wards he went to Nebraska, where he lived seven years, but in 1874 1138 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. returned to Cooper county and located on his present homestead, a neat farm of about a quarter section of excellent land. He is princi- pally engaged in wheat growing and raising marketable hogs, although he raises other live stock and cereal products. Mrs. and Mrs. Camp- bell have had a family of seven children : Jesse L., Dora M., Gray D. and Ida H. are living. Lena F., William L. and Bradley are dead. He and his wife are members of the Christian church. Mr. Campbell's parents, Bradley and Meekey (Hall) Campbell, are among the oldest and most highly respected residents of the county, and he is the fifth of their family of six children, having been born at their homstead on Saline creek March 24, 1841. OSCAR P. CASE, blacksmith and general repairer at Big Lick. Mr. Case is a native of Illinois, and was born in Kane county, February 2, 1849. While still a youth, his parents removed to Iowa, and, at the age of sixteen, Oscar F. entered a blacksmith shop at Bradford, in that state, to learn the ferreous art. After learning the trade there, he worked a year at Waverly, and the following two years at Connor's Mills. From the last named point he changed his location to Jewett's Mills, where he worked about ten years. In 1879, leaving Jewett's Mills, he came to Big Lick, where he has a large custom, and has established for himself a wide reputation as a thorough mechanic. May 28, 1871, Mr. Case was married to Miss Nancy, daughter of John Durnil, of this county. They have four children : Julia, aged ten years ; An- drew, aged seven years, and Wirt and Birt, twins, aged four years. During the war Mr. C. enlisted in the Iowa hundred-day men volun- teers, and served four months in Tennessee and Mississippi. His parents, Hoad G. and Julia (Morris) Case, are still residents of Iowa. WILLIAM E. CLAYTON, Sr., farmer, section 5. William E. Clayton, who was born in Maryland, December 16, 1826, was less than a year old when his parents, John and Sarah (Leath) Clayton, immigrated to Missouri, and settled in Clark's Fork township, six miles southwest of Boonville, in Cooper county. They reared a family of six children : John M. ; Martha, wife of John Gilbreath, of La Plata, Missouri; Nancy A., died with her husband, Robert Hardcastle, in the Black Hills, on their way to California, in 1852 ; William E- ; Susan, died in her seventeenth year; and Charles Turner. The mother of these died in 1832, and HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1139 the father, in 1858, on his homestead in. the bottom, one and a half miles southeast of Overton, where he had settled a number of years before. William E. Clayton married in his thirty-eighth year, Octo- ber 4, 1854, Miss Lavina, daughter of Moses Street, formerly of Virginia. She was spared to him nearly nineteen years, but was at last taken away by death, May 7, 1873. Nine children are the fruits of this long and happy union : Rachel Leath, wife of John Fitz- patrick; Sarah, wife of D. C. Bell; James B., Charles, John W., Mary E., Lucy, Martha and Andrew Thompson. All but the first two are still at home. In 1850 Mr. Clayton went to California, but returned soon afterwards and followed farming in the bottom until 1862, when he settled on his present place. He has a good farm of nearly a quarter section of land, about 100 acres, of which are in the bottom, but the balance is on the bluff. He has been a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church since 1867, and of the I. O. O. F. since 1856. MARTHA F. DRISKILL. Mrs. Driskillwas a daughter of John and Nancy (March) Daven- port, formerly of Kentucky, but later, residents of Boone county, this state, both of whom are now deceased. She was born in Boone county, October 10, 1835, and of the family of children of which she was a member, but one is now living, William H., who resides with her on her farm in this county. She first became the wife of John Stone, of her native county, where they lived a number of years after their marriage, but he died, in 1863, at Petersburg, Virginia. Four children were the fruits of their union: William H., now in Texas; Mary A. , widow of George Powell ; Nancy A, wife of Samuel Hickon, and Susan H., wife of George Vaughn. After Mr. Stone's death his widow, the subject of this sketch, was married, April 7, 1870, to Moses Driskill, of this county, who was born October 26, 1827. He was a widower at the time of his marriage to Mrs. Stone, his first wife, previously Miss Sophia Turner, having died some years before. By his former marriage there are four children ; Margaret, wife of James Bruce, of Moniteau ; Missouri A., wife of Wesley Bruce ; Henry and Sophia. Mr. Driskill, lately deceased, universally re- gretted by all who knew him and deeply mourned by his family and a large circle of friends. He was a man of the better qualities of mind heart, and at the time of his death was a sincere and exemplary mem- ber of the Baptist church. By her last husband Mrs. Driskill has a family of three children ; Ruth P., aged twelve years; Ella Blanche, aged ten years, and Mattie Pearl, aged eight years. Mrs. D. has been 1140 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. a member of the Christian church for the last twenty years. She now resides on her farm in Saline township, a comfortable homestead of nearly a quarter section of excellent land comfortably improved. Five years ago they met with the misfortune of losing their dwelling and all their household goods by fire — a fine residence — entailing a loss of over $2,000, but they have put up a neat, substantial house in its stead, and are rapidly recuperating from the loss so uufortunately vis- ited upon them. CHARLES L. EAGER, farmer, section 21. Lewis Eager, the father of Charles L., is a name familiar to all the old settlers of the eastern part of the county. He was a native of Virginia, and was born in Louisa county, of that state, in 1809. He settled in this county about the middle of the thirties, opening a farm at Big Lick, and also engaged in milling there, which he followed for over thirty years, or until within ten years of his death, which occurred March 29, 1878. He married in Louisa county, Va., in early manhood, Miss Cynthia, a daughter of William D. Gooch, becoming his wife. She preceded her husband in death nearly twenty years, crossing the silent river to the unknown and echoless shore of eternity April 30, 1859. They reared a family of four children, of whom Charles L. is the youngest, viz. : John W., Mary L. V., wife of H. C. Simms, Tyre H., and Charles L. Charles L. Eager, the sub- ject of this sketch, was born at his father's farm May 5, 1850, and as he grew up received a good ordinary education in the common schools. In his twenty-sixth year he was married to Miss Rebecca J., eldest daughter of Levi Shepherd, their marriage occurring February 17, 1876. The spring of the same year he settled on the farm where he now lives, an excellent homestead of nearly 200 acres, nearly all of which is under fence, and is otherwise substantially and comfortably improved. He gives his attention to grain growing and stock raising, in both of which he has satisfactory success. He has built an excel- lent house and a good barn on his place, both of which are above the average of farm buildings. Mr. and Mrs. Eager have a family of two interesting children : Anna Lee, born January 27, 1878, and Lewis Virgel, born August 6, 1881. „ BLASIUS EFINGER, farmer, section 1. Mr. Efiuger is a native of Wurtemberg, Ger- many, and was born January 25, 1830. He was a son of Matthew Efiuger and wife, whose maiden name was Cardule. When twenty- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1141 four years of age he came to this country, and for four years made his home iu Pennsylvania, where he married Miss Louisa Zellar, for- merly of Wurtemberg, the date of their union being April 29th, 1858. After their marriage they removed to Cooper county, this state, where Mr. Efinger farmed on rented land and worked at Ennor's mill until 1863, when, having accumulated enough to buy a farm, he purchased his present place and devoted his whole energy aud attention to grain and stock raising, and to improving his place. His farm contains 250 acres of good land, and is a comfortable homestead, in good condition. During the war he served four months in the M. and M. in the second year of the war. He has a family of three children : Mary Louisa, Louisa Caroline, and Henry E. Mrs. E. is a member of the Presbyterian church. J. ALBERT ELLIOTT, farmer and stock raiser, section 2. Although a young man, Mr. El- liott, as a new-era, educated and progressive farmer and stock man, has done not a little and will doubtless do far more to advance and el- evate the occupations in this county to which he is devoted. He has an excellent farm of 350 acres, and gives it his undivided attention, producing large quantities of grain and raising fine stock, particularly horses aud mules. He began with the Norman stock of horses and afterwards added the Clydesdales, procuring the finest representatives of these breeds that could be had. For mule raising he also has the best quality of stock, and by his enterprise in these lines he has done much to improve the general average of the stock raised in the com- munity. He was born in the neighborhood where he now lives, April 30, 1850, and was the second of three children of Henry and Laura (O'Bryan) Elliott, who were married in 1847. The youngest of the children, Henry, died in infancy, but the eldest, Mary E., is living, and is the wife of John E. Willson, of Muncie, Indiana. The father was a native of New York, but came to this county in early manhood and lived here until his death, June 29, 1880. The mother was a daughter of John O'Bryan, of this county. After their marriage they lived oti the O'Bryan homestead until 1852, when they settled on the farm where J. Albert now lives. The father, however, removed to Boonville in 1864, but two years afterwards bought the William Ragland farm, four miles east of Boonville, where he lived until his death. The mother still survives her late husband, aud is now living in Boonville. J. Albert, the subject of this sketch, received his edu- cation in the Kemper family school at Boonville, in the St. Louis uni- 1142 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. versitv and the Cayuga Lake academy, of Aurora, New York, but had to quit the latter before his graduation on account of his father's ill health. November 1, 1870, he was married to Miss Nellie R. King, of Cayuga county, New York, but she survived her marriage less than three years, dying April 3, 1873. Some three years afterwards Mr. Elliott was married, July 19, 1876, in Lafayette county, to Miss AllineE., daughter of George W. Jones, of that county. They have two children : Mary, born August 30, 1877, and Henry E., born Oc- tober 4, 1879. After returning from college, Mr. Elliott was engaged in farming two years, and then merchandised at Morrisville, Polk county, about two years. On the death of his father he settled on his present farm, where he has since lived. He has been a member of the Masonic fraternity for ten years, and is a Royal Arch Mason. Mrs. E. is a member of the Christian church. C. E. ELLIS, M. D., at Big Lick. Dr. Ellis is a young physician who, after a thorough preparatory course of reading, and a regular graduation in medicine from one of the best institutions west of the Alleghanies, entered upon the practice of his profession in 1881, in this county, and, con- sidering the length of time he has been engaged in the practice, he has succeeded in building up an unusually good patronage. He is a native of this county and a son of Dr. William H. Ellis, an old physician and a highly respected citizen of Prairie Home township. His mother was formerly a Miss Ann M. Johnson, and C. E. is the third of a family of four children : "William, Maine, C. E. and Anna. He was born in Prairie Home township, December 16, 1857, and his youth was employed with the ordinary duties about his father's home- stead and in attending school. The more advanced acquirements of his education were received at Prairie Home Institute and Parrish Insti- tute. After completing his education he began the study of medicine under his father, which he continued with diligence until he was pre- pared to become a matriculate in a medical college. He then attended a term of nine months in the medical department of the university of Louisville, and afterwards continued his course there until his grad- uation, which occurred in March, 1881. For the first six months after the completion of his medical education he practiced with his father at Prairie Home, but in July of the same year located at Big Creek, where he has since been. Dr. Ellis was married November 9, 1882, to Miss Bettie Winterbower, sister to Dr. Winterbower. She is a native of Hardin county, Missouri, and was born December 16, 1860. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1143 CHARLES W. ERHARDT, farmer, section 2. Mr. Erhardt is another of the many farmers of German birth, who have achieved success by their own personal worth. He was a son of Andrew and Mary (Stein) Erhardt, who emigrated from Germany, in 1836, to this country, and settled on the "Ginger" farm, in Saline township, this county. In 1849, the father went to California to dig a fortune out of the gold-decked Cor- dilleras. He died there, however, within a few months after his ar- rival. His widow, the mother of Charles W., resided with the latter until her death, in 1872. The other members of their family of chil- dren were, Augustus, who died December 25, 1881, in St. Clair coun- ty, where he then lived ; Albert died in the fore-winter of the same year in Henry county, of which he was a resident : and William re- sides near Butler, Missouri. April 15, 1849, Charles W. Erhardt was married to Miss Margaret Burger, originally of Bavaria, Germany. They have ( seven children, Herman, Sophia, wife of Henry Suanch ; Mary, Charles, Caroline, Louis, and John. In 1844, Mr. Erhardt located on his present homestead, which contains nearly a quarter sec- tion of land. He is also interested in farming in St. Clair county, where he has a farm of 200 acres. He is a typical representative of his nationality, industrious, frugal and level-headed in his farming, as well as in other matters — a substantial, valuable citizen of the com- munity where he lives. TYRE H. FARRIS, farmer, section 7. Tyre H. Farris is a descendant of the third gene- ration of one of the early settlers of Cooper county. James Farris, his grandfather, came to this county with his family and settled in Jolly's Bottom as early as 1822. He died there in 1845, but his wife, formerly Miss Lydia Morley, survived him over thirty-five years, dying in August, 1881, at the advanced age of seventy-five. Of their family of seven children reared to maturity, James H., the father of Tyre, was the second. At the age of twenty-five, James H. Farris was mar- ried to Miss Zerelda J. Bell, of Chariton county, after which he con- tinued to live on his parental homestead until his death, which occur- red August 5, 1871. His widow still survives him, and lives with her son, Tyre, on the farm. She has two other children living: Emma, wife of James Mitchell, and Lydia, at home. One, Daniel B., the eldest, is dead. Tyre was reared on the farm, and was married Sep- tember 25, 1879, to Miss Marian, daughter of James Powell, of Jolly's Bottom. She, however, was born in Bates county, where her father 1144 "HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. had removed before the war. Tyre was born August, 3, 1859. They have one child, James W. Mr. Farris, although a young man, is an enterprising and successful farmer, and manages his farm of over 250 acres with as much business judgment and energy as a farmer far more experienced and advanced in years might be expected to do. He grows annually about 120 acres of wheat, besides raising large quanti- ties of corn and other products, and also considerable live stock. Both he and his wife are members of the Baptist church. GEORGE F. FLUKE, farmer, section 5. The subject of this sketch was born at Connor's Mill, in this county, May 27, 1850, and is the second of a family of three children of John and Louisa (Fisher) Fluke, the other two being John W. and Mary E., wife of Z. R. Neal. The father is a na- tive of Pennsylvania, and a miller by trade. He came to this county in 1838, when about twenty years of age, and has followed milling here many years. Among other mills he has run is the Jewett mill, which he run with Jewett a number of years. The mother is a native of Monroe county, Illinois. When quite young she came to this county, and was partly reared in the family of Leven Cropper, then living near Overton. There she met and married Mr. Fluke, and they have since continued to reside in this county, where they have reared their family. George F., the second son, was brought up to the occupa- tion of a. farmer, which he has since followed. He was married March 13, 1872, to Miss Eliza A., only daughter of Walter and Mary J. Givens. They have two children : Andrew Jackson, aged nine years, and Mary Lou, aged three years. The mother of these was born Jan- uary 7, 1852. He now has a farm of nearly 300 acres, about 200 acres of which is fine bottom land, the balance being on the bluff. He raises grain and stock in a general way, giving his attention princi- pally to wheat, of which he produces large quantities for the market, He is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterjan church. JAMES MADISON FREEMAN, farmer and stock raiser, section 25. 'Squire Freeman settled in this county in 1840, and was originally from Madison county, Kentucky having been born there August 19, 1813. When he was twelve year of age, however, he was brought by his parents, Jonathan and Ann: (Coulton) Freeman, to this state, who emigrated to Boone county ii 1825, and settled near Columbia, wfiere the mother died in 1837, am the father in 1853. They were both natives of North Carolina, bu HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1145 * came out to Kentucky early in life, and were married in the last named state. They had a family of nine children — six sons and three daugh- ters — but three of whom are now living, and of those 'Squire Free- man is the eldest. William, the next youngest to the 'squire and the fifth of the family, is a resident of Tipton, Missouri, and Caroline is the widow of Eolla West, and resides in Pettis county. 'Squire Free- man received a good education while he was growing up, and when he came to Cooper county taught school here five or six years. March 31, 1846, he was married to Miss Rebecca A., daughter of Michael Horn- beck, who came to this county in an early day and settled on the farm the 'squire now owns. He died before the war. He and his wife, Lydia, reared a family of nine children — eight sons and one daugh- ter. But one son, Robert, and Mrs. Freeman are all that are now living. Robert lives in Texas. 'Squire and Mrs. Freeman have a family of four children : James M., aged twenty-four years ; Lona, aged twenty-two years ; William Robb, aged twenty years, and Ho- gan, aged fifteen years. The two elder have received collegiate educa- tions. James M. graduated from Kemper's school, of Boonville. 'Squire Freeman's farm contains 320 acres, over 100 acres of which are devoted to grain growing. He also raises considerable numbers of stock, principally cattle and hogs. He has abundant water on the place for stock raising, and a good meadow. For twelve years prior to the war he served as justice of the peace, and until he refused to accept the position any longer. He has often been urged to offer him- self for public oflice in county offices, but has steadily decliued to become mixed up in' politics. He has been a member of the Cumber- land Presbyterian church for twenty years. WALTER GIVENS, farmer, section 8. Alexander Givens, the grandfather of Walter, the subject of this sketch, was one of the early settlers of this county, coming here from Bourbon county, Kentucky, in 1818. He settled in section 1, township 48, range 16, where he die*d in 1833, and where Walter Givens was born, three years before, February 9th, 1830. Robert M. Givens, the father of Walter, was thirty-six years old when he came to this county, in company with his father's family, in 1818. He was twice married. First to Matilda, daughter of David Stevens, from Tennessee, by whom he had eight children,- six sons and two daughters, and of these Walter was the fifth. His second wife was formerly Miss Susan Thomas, now a resident of Hickory county. By her he had four children, all sons but the youngest. He 1146 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. * died in 1859. His first wife died in 1837. Walter grew up on the old homestead, and at the age of twenty-one, was married, December 10, 1851, to Miss Nancy J. Vivian, of Moniteau countj'. She sur- vived her marriage only a short time, bearing her husband one child at her death — Eliza A., now the wife of George Fluke. In 1855 he was again married, Miss Nancy A. Norman becoming his second wife. Three children were born of this union, all of whom died in infancy, and their mother followed them to the grave in 1859. On the 3d of April, 1863, Mr. Givens was married to Mrs. Mary J. Norris, widow of John O. Norris. She has been spared for twenty years to comfort and brighten his home. They have three children : Richard Hubart, Walter Lee, and Warren Thompson. Mr. G. first lived on the farm adjoining his father's, but in 1863 settled on his present homestead. It contains 160 acres, and is devoted mainly to grain growing. Live stock is also raised for home use, except hogs, of which he fattens a number every year for the market. Mrs. G. is a member of the Bap- tist church. In 1864 Mr. Givens joined Shelby's command, under General Price, while in this state, but was captured the following fall in Greene county, and confined in Rock Island prison until the close of the war. REV. ISAAC GOOD, homestead, section 34. Rev. Mr. Good has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church for the last twenty years, and in January, 1873, entered the ministry of that denomination, since which he has been actively and earnestly engaged in the work of his sacred calling, mainly in Cooper county. He joined the church at Pleasant Green in 1863, and began to preach ten years later at Oak Grove. He is a native of Tennessee, and was born in Washington county of that state February 15, 1835. His father, Emanuel Good, was originally from Pennsylvania, but his mother, formerly Miss Elizabeth Petman, was born and reared iuTennessee. Both were of German descent. They were in the " Rhomboidal State," and made their home there until their immigration to this county in 1843. They first located about five miles below Rocheport, but the following year removed to the neighborhood of Connor's mill, and five years afterwards settled in Moniteau county, where the father was taken off by death the 2d of September, 1852. The mother survived her husband about sixteen years, but on the 12th of October, 1868, joined her husband in the last loug sleep of death. They reared a family of five children: Sarah became the wife of Jesse Driskill, but after his death in Cali- fornia in 1852, she married Jacob Rimel, and died July 6, 1877 ; Le- HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1147 vina, wife of Thomas Pate, of Moniteau county ; Martha died in March, 1843, aged sixteen years. Isaac, the subject of this sketch, and Adella, wife of James Maze, of Moniteau county. In youth Isaac attended such schools as were convenient, and also devoted much of his leisure to private study, thus acquiring as he grew up the more important essentials of an English education. On the 21st of June, 1854, he was married to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of John and Louisa Hampton, of this county. Ten children have been born to them, but they have been more than ordinarily unfortunate in their family, hav- ing lost five of their children. Four died in infancy, and the fifth, a promising young man, died just after he had attained his majority, on the 18th of March, 1879. The five still spared them to bless and brighten their home arS : Virginia L., Hugh L., Hester E., William J. and Missouri A. Hester is the wife of John C. Potter, of Moni- teau county. During the war Mr. Good served about ten months under General Price, but at the expiration of that time was honorably discharged on account of physical disability, having been confined to the hospital by ill-health during much of the time of his service. He has a neat farm and comfortable home, and is so situated that he is not compelled to rely on his ministerial work entirely, to supply the physical needs of life for himself and family. With him his services for the Master and for the church are matters of love, regardless of the rewards of this world. HENRY A. HOBERECHT, farmer, section 36. Mr. Hoberecht is of German parentage, both his father, Frederick, and mother, formerly Christina Kuhn, having been natives of Prussia. His grandfather, Henry Hoberecht, was one of the earliest settlers of the county, and located on the farm where Henry Hoberecht now lives. Frederick and Christinia Hoberecht reared a family of eight children, of whom Henry, the subject of this sketch, was the eldest. He was born January 13, 1851. He had four sisters and three brothers : Paulina M., wife of Charles Beck, died February 19, 1877; Sophia L., wife of Herman Erhardt ; Frank H., Charles W., Rocenia H., Laura E., and John O. Henry A. was married June 11, 1874, to Miss Nancy J., daughter of James T. Wilson, originally of Adair county this state. Two children have blessed their union : Sadie May and. Alma Bertie. Mr. Hoberecht's parents both died of the pneumonia within less than a week of each other, the father, April 10, 1871, and the mother the 16th of the same month. The old homestead farm contains over 400 acres of land, about a third of 1148 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. which is fine bottom land. Mr. Hoberecht raises nearly 200 acres of grain, and also some live stock — cattle, hogs, horses, mules, etc. He and his wife are both members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church of Highland. H. BROWN HOPKINS, farmer, section 14. Among those who have long been extensively engaged in farming in this county, the name of Mr. Hopkins justly claims a prominent place. His farm contains nearly 700 acres of fine land and he is one of the leading grain producers of the county. For several years before the war he was a prominent farmer and had on his place forty-one slaves, being thus amply supplied with labor to conduct his farming operations on a large scale. Mr. Hopkins was born in Jefferson (then Rodney) county, Mississippi March 3, 1815, and was a son of Charles Hopkins, a native of Pennsylvania, and wife, previously Miss Susanna Stampley of the former state. His father died in 1833, while on the steamboat Memphis, and was buried in the city of that name on the Mississippi. H. Brown, the son, was then eighteen years of age, and a short time afterwards removed with his mother's family to Kentucky, where she subsequently became the wife of John B. Trueman. After this they went to Texas and re- maining there two years came to Cooper county, this state, in 1856, where after working a farm they had leased, they bought and made it their permanent home. However H. Brown, the subject of this sketch was married in Hardin county, November 22, 1856, to Miss Rebecca Burcham of that county and in December of the same year went to Texas, coming from that state the following year with Mr. Trueman and family to Cooper county. Since settling in this county, Mr. Hopkins has been engaged in farming, and although he suffered severe losses during the late war, he nevertheless is possessed of a com- fortable estate and is one of the substantial, responsible citizens of the county. Mr. and Mrs. Hopkins have a family of four children, one, Ida W., the eldest, being deceased. The other five are Emma, Susan, Hattie H., Trueman B. and Atlas Brown. Mr. Hopkins is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church at Highland and has been a member of Masonic order thirty-five years. His wife is a member of the Baptist church at Big Lick. HERMAN KAISER, farmer, section 27. Mr. Kaiser came to this country from Germany in 1860 and located in this county, where he engaged in farming and HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 114U :oon bought a place of his own, 200 acres in Saline township on vhich he still resides. He has been satisfactorily successful as a armer, and has improved his place in a comfortable and substantial nanner. He was born in Hanover, Germany, June 30, 1837, and vas the third of a family of five children of Henry and Mary 'Wanett) Kaiser, both of whom are now deceased. The mother lied in 1870, and the father in 1875. The other four children are: Greorge, Henry, died in 1873 ; Lizzie, wife of Henry Otto, of St. Louis, and Catherine, wife of Doon Depe, of the same city. During the war Mr. Kaiser served about three months in the militia. Feb- ruary 10, 1866, he was married to Miss Mary Gatchett, a native of Ohio. They have eight children : John, Lizzie, Millie, Henry, Emma, Louisa, Catherine, and Anna. Sophia died at the age of eight months. Mr. and Mrs. Kaiser are members of the Lutheran church at Pleasant Grove. ALEXANDER LAMM, farmer, section 22. Mr. Lamm was the youngest of a family of eight children of William and Mary (Boren) Lamm, who came to this county in 1816. All these, save one, grew to maturity and married, but only two, besides Alexander, are now living. William Lamm, the father, was a native of North Carolina. Coming to this county in the pioneer days, when game of all kinds was abundant, he became a noted hunter in this section of the county, and his name is familiar to all early settlers as the hero of many adventures in the chase. He it was who shot a deer a quarter of a mile off,.acrossa deep slough and then swam over to it and towed it back by a plow line tied to his waist. Besides farming he also followed "flatboating " — floating grain down to the wholesale markets. He opened the farm (having entered the and) on which Alexander now lives, in 1820, and lived there until his death in 1878. His wife had gone before to light his way to Heaven some thirty years prior to his death. Alexander, born on the family homestead, November 22, 1832, was married after he grew up, prior to the late war, to Miss Margaret J., daughter of William Smith, of this county. They have three children : James, now of Jefferson City ; George and Charles. Mr. Lamm has al- ways lived on the parental homestead, a neat farm carefully im- proved. He follows farming in a general way and with satis- factory success. He is now serving his second term of three years as school director. His wife is a member of the Baptist church. 74 1150 HISTORT OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. JOHN H. MOLAN, farmer, and of J. H. Molan & Co., proprietors marble yards, Gooch's Mills. Mr. Molan is a well-to-do farmer and prominent business man of the eastern part of the county, who commenced for himself with- out anything, when a young man, and has risen to a comparatively comfortable situation in life, entirely by his own merits. He is of German parentage, but was himself born in this country — in St. Louis — October 22, 1851. His father, Diederich Molan, and mother, formerly Miss Elizabeth Snuck, came to St. Louis from Asnabruck, Germany, in 1845, and eleven years afterwards removed to this county and bought a place of 163 acres of land on Saline creek, where they settled and lived the remainder of their lives. She died April 1, 1870, and he December 19. 1871. There are five of their family of children — John H., Catherine, Elizabeth, John William and Julia, the last being now Mrs. Hasp, of Clark's Fork, and Elizabeth is the wife of George Meyers. John H., the subject of this sketch was married February 7, 1872, to Miss Louisa Meyer. She died January 22, 1881, having been the mother of four children, but two of whom are now living : Louisa, aged eight years, and Emma, aged four. John H. died in infancy as did also Henry. April 19, 1882, Mr. Molan was again married, his present wife having been Miss Elizabeth Herth. She was born December 20, 1854, and is a daughter of Peter Herth, of Saline township. Mr. Molan' s farm contains nearly 400 acres of good land on which he grows over 200 acres of grain, prin- cipally wheat. He also raises live stock, mainly cattle and hogs. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. The marble busi- ness in which he is a partner, was established in January, 1882, Mr. J. B. Kirkman, a skilful artisan in that line, and a capable, responsible business man, being his associate in the establishment. They carry a stock of stone valued at $1,000, and the first year did a business of over $2,200. Mr. Kirkman was born in. Guilford county, North • Carolina, March 19, 1850, and was a son of Thomas Kirkman, origi- nally of Maryland, and wife, a native of the Old North State. J. B. did service in the Confederate army during the war, and in 1866 came to Columbia, Missouri, where he learned the tombstone business and worked there until June, 1881, when he removed to Boonville. In January, 1882, he entered into his present partnership with Mr. Molan. Mr. Kirkman was married December 19, 1872, to Miss Emma F. Blanchard, at Columbia. They have three children — Ger- trude, Mandie and Huldah. HISTOET OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1151 HENRY W. MILLS, farmer. In the lives of its venerable yeoman citizens, such as the one whose name heads this sketch, is to be found the true source of the growth and prosperity of Cooper county. Their industry has pro- duced its wealth, their character and intelligence have given it its enviable reputation, and their sons and daughters are the rich legacy they have provided to guaranty its future. Born in Louisa county, Virginia, July 17, 1815, in 1842, Mr. Mills came to Cooper county, and, on the 20th of August of that year, was married to Miss Susan V., daughter of Charles T. Lewis, an early settler and worthy citizen of the county. First he lived on a part of the farm he now owns, and the following year after his marriage removed to the state of Missis- sippi ; but remaining there only two years returned to Cooper county and carried on the J. K. Ragland farm for one year. He then pur- chased forty acres of land in his own right, the nest-egg, so to speak, of his subsequent estate of nearly 1,000 acres. Possessed of the qualities and character he has always shown, success was as sure to come as fruit is certain to ripen on the tree when secure from injury. Up to 1866 he had added to his farm until it numbered 200 acres. Then he increased it to 536 acres. Again, he bought 300 acres more, making an aggregate of over 900 acres. But, in the meantime, he and his good wife had been blessed with a large family of children, among whom he divided his land as they grew up, leaving himself only a comfortable homestead, on which he still lives. On this he raises over 100 acres of grain, and considerable quantities of live stock — cattle, sheep, hogs, etc. Mr. and Mrs. Mills have given to the county thirteen worthy sons and daughters, ten of whom are still living, and nine became heads of families, the youngest being still at home: William H., married Miss Sallie L. Craig; Charles T., died February 29, 1880, leaving a family, his wife having formerly been Miss Nellie Brosins ; James T., married Miss Bettie Tucker; Mary A., wife of George Adams, died in 1867; Hunter N., married Miss Ellen Thomas; Augustus K., married Miss Sophronia Stiffler ; Walker M., died February 24, 1878, aged twenty-four years ; John A., married Miss Dora Campbell; Susan H., wife of John Elliott; Florence M., wife of O. C. Byler ; Carrie L., wife of Dr. J. D. Potts ; Earle S., at home. Mr. Mills himself was the fourth of a family of six children of William and Elizabeth (Gardiner) Mills, of Louisa county, Virginia, as follows: Margaret E., wife of Dr. A. Kueckel- han, of Lamine township, this county ; Mrs. Mary J., widow of Ed- 1152 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. ward McPherson, of Boonville ; the eldest sister, Ann Quarles, wife of James Quarles, died in Boonville, in 1850 ; the brothers — Addison died in St. Louis, of cholera, in 1848 ; and William died of yellow fever, in Mississippi, in 1853. Mr. and Mrs. R. have been members of the Christian church since 1863, and prior to that were connected with the Baptist church. He is also a member of the P. of H. At the age of three-score and ten, less two years, Mr. Mills is still vigor- ous and active in mind and body. HUNTER N. MILLS, farmer, section 26. By reference to Henry W. Mills' sketch it will be seen that Hunter N. is the seventh of the former's family of ten living children, and was born November 7, 1849. The son remained with his family until 1875, when, being then twenty-six years of age, and having married the year previous, he settled on his present place, a comfortable homestead of 220 acres, which he has well improved. Since then he has been prosecuting his farm affairs with great energy, and has justly won the reputation of being one of the enterprising, successful young farmers of the township. He grows over 150 acres of grain annually, about four-fifths of which is wheat, and he also raises considerable numbers of stock, mainly hogs and cattle. He was mar- ried October 7, 1874, to Miss Ella Thomas, daughter of Doctor Thomas, now of Greenwood, Jackson county, but for a number of years a prominent physician of this county. She was born near Pis- gah, this county, April 2, 1853. They have a family of three inter- esting children : Mabel Gray, aged seven years ; Irene Vibert, aged fou,r years, and William Robert, aged two years. Mrs. Mills is a member of the Baptist denomination, and he is a member of the Christian denomination and of the Patrons of Husbandry. JOHN J. MILLS, farmer, section 23. Mr'. Mills is of German nativity, having been born in Hanover, Germany, March 22, 1822. When quite a young man he entered into the royal army of his native kingdom and served something over a year, participating during that time in the war with Denmark. But in 1852 he came to this country and made his perma- nent home in Cooper county. The first year after his arrival here he worked with Benjamin Hawkins and helped build a bridge over the Petite Saline at the Lick. The following two years he worked in the mill at Big Lick for Mr. Gooch, and at about the expiration of this time was married, in October, 1855, to Miss Louisa, daughter of HISTORY OP HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1153 Theobold Miller, of this county, but originally of Prussia. He then engaged in farming, buying eighty acres of land, and by industry and good management has achieved excellent success as a farmer. He has increased his possessions until now his place contains about 300 acres of good land, and he grows annually over 100 acres of grain, besides raising some stock. During the war Mr. Mills was a mem- ber of the Missouri state militia, and in 1864 enlisted in the 45th Missouri infantry, under Colonel Murphy, doing service principally in Missouri and Tennessee. Mr. Mills' first wife died, leaving him four children : Charles L., married Miss Koxy Shipley, January 18, 1880; Mary, wife of Henry Tine; John A. and Louisa W., now at home. Subsequently he married Miss Margaret Miller, sister of his first wife. She died ten years afterwards, leaving three children : Sophia, Catherine and Sarah, all at home. His present wife was for- merly Mrs. Elvina, widow of John Jacobs. She is a member of the Methodist church, and a very worthy lady. THOMAS MITCHELL, farmer. For nearly three-quarters of a century the Mitchell family has been identified with the material development and agricultural in- terests of Cooper county. Its representatives for three generations have ranked among the substantial and well-to-do farmers of the county, and of these Thomas Mitchell, the subject of this sketch, and the grandson of the old pioneer of the family to the county, Thomas Mitehell, is by no means the least worthy. He was born in Cooper county, near Boonville, Missouri, April 12, 1822. Starting out in life for himself at a comparatively early age, and relying almost en- tirely upon his own exertions to make his way in the world, he de- voted himself to farming, and went to work with a degree of energy and resolution that could not fail to produce substantial and satisfac- tory results. Accordingly, he soon became possessed of an excellent farm of his own, and for years he has held a position among the most progressive farmers of the county. He has made a specialty of wheat growing, and he it was who first introduced into this county the cele- brated Fultz variety of wheat, which has resulted in so much advan- tage and profit to farmers, and, in fact, to all classes in the county. He raises annually about 100 acres of this variety of wheat, and, as an evidence of his success in wheat growing, the fact should be stated that for six years in succession he has raised as much as twenty-five bushels to the acre on the same ground. Mr. Mitchell was married on the 15th of February, 1848, to Miss Elizabeth Pulliam, of Boone 1154 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. county. They have been blessed with three children, but two of whom, however, are now living : James P. and Flora. The second child, William P., died in infancy, in 1855, aged twenty months. James P. is married, and resides with his father. Mr. Mitchell was the eldest of a family of eight children of William N. and Margaret Mitchell. Wil- liam N., the father, was born in East Tennessee January 20, 1799, and when seventeen years of age came with his parents to Cooper county, who immigrated here in 1816. His father, Thomas Mitchell, Sr., was originally from Virginia. His mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Moran. They are believed to be the first family that drove through to this part of the state from the MississipjDi, on the south side of the Missouri river. They crossed the Petite Saline at a ford near where Hurt's bridge now stands. He died on his homestead near Boonville August 13, 1839. His wife preceded him to the grave nearly twenty years, having died October 27, 1820. He was a successful farmer, and took a zealous interest in public affairs. He was a devoted par- tisan of General Jackson. Of his family of four sons, including Wil- liam N., the father of Thomas, Jr., all of whom became influential citizens, none are now living. William N. died May 7, 1865, pre- ceded to the grave by his wife ( formerly Miss Margaret Miller, daugh- ter of Judge James Miller, one of the first members of the county court), November 21, 1862. She was born in Mecklenburg county, North Carolina, June 2, 1803. They were married August 17, 1820. Both William N. and his wife were kind and good neighbors, and were highly esteemed by all who knew them. Mr. Thomas Mitchell, Jr., and wife, have been worthy and exemplary members of the Bap- tist church at Boonville for the last thirty years. Z. E. NEAL, farmer and miller, section 7. Z. R. Neal was the second of a family of seven children of Rev. Minor and Nancy (Amick) Neal, for many years residents of this and Morgan county. The father was a min- ister of the Cumberland Presbyterian church for twenty-five years, and up to the time of his death, in August, 1878. The mother is still living, and resides near Otterville. Rev. Minor Neal was a native of Kentucky, but came to this county early in life, where, excepting fifteen years' residence in Morgan county, he continued to live until his death. He was twice married. His first wife survived her mar- riage but a short time, and by his second he reared his family of children: Margaret E., wife of W. R. Spencer; Z. R., May W., wife of Samuel Hickson ; James R., George M., Louisa J., wife of HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1155 B- F. Young, and Thomas L. Z. R. Neal was brought up to the occupation of a farmer, which he has since followed. He rented land up to 1882, when he bought his present homestead. Of his farm there are over 200 acres in the bottom. He raises about 100 acres of wheat, and about seventy-five acres of corn, besides other cereal products. March 18, 1875, Mr. Neal was married to Miss May E., daughter of John Fluke, of this county. They have one child, William, aged four years; one is dead, John M., aged eighteen months. Mr. N. is also interested in saw-milling, having had a mill since the fall of 1882. He is a member of the Cumberland Presby- terian church. P. C. NUCKOLS. If commencing in the world without means or other advantages, accumulating a comfortable estate by one's own industry, maintaining his family in comfort, and, through all, preserving a name above reproach, maybe said to constitute a worthy and successful life, then the life of Mr. Nuckols may be justly so characterized. He came to this county in 1869, then a young man twenty years of age, havino- been born in Goochland county, Virginia, February 1st, 1849, and began here as a farm laborer, working by the month. He is now the owner of the well-known Walker farm, near Overton, containing three hundred acres of fine bottom land — one of the choice farms of the county. He first worked a year for Mr. J. K. Ragland, then a year for Dabney Jordon, of Howard county, and after this followed overseeing three years. Having married December 3d, 1873, after overseeing, he rented land of Mr. Ragland, and farmed on his own account two years. Removing then to the Walker farm, he kept vig- orously at work, economizing and managing to the best advantage, and in Ferbruary, 1882, bought the place entire, and became its owner and proprietor. Still comparatively a young man and full of energy, directed by good judgment, he has every promise of becom- ing one of the first farmers of Cooper county. He now produces annually over 200 acres of grain, and is making a fine beginning in stock raising. His wife, who has contributed not a little to his suc- cess, by industry and good management of their domestic affairs, was formerly a Miss Zerelda J., daughter of Fountain and Catherine Brushwood, of Boone county. She is also niece of Mrs. James Farris, of this county. They have one child, Mattie Belle, aged 6 years. One is dead, an infant, Bettie, aged 14 months. Mr. Nuckols is a member of the Baptist church. He has been a member of the A. 1156 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. O. U. W. three years. His parents, George P. and Martha (Craw- ford) Nuckols, are still residents of Virginia, where they were both born and raised. ULEICH OERLY, farmer, section 33. Mr. Oerly was a son of Christian and Mary (Hans- wirth) Oerly of Switzerland, where he himself was born June 21,1827. He, with his father and family, came to this country inl850, and settled in Ohio, where the father died in 1851. Two years afterwards Ulrich came to Moniteau county and lived there until 1865 and then came to Cooper county and located on his present farm. It contains over 300 acres of good land, and he has it comfortably improved. He gives his attention to wheat growing, and raising sheep and hogs, in all of which he has had excellent success. He was married April 13, 1852, to Miss Margaret Gather, of Tuscarawas county, Ohio, but originally ot Switzerland. They have had a family of nine children, eight of whom are still living. Mary died in infancy, John, married Elizabeth Misch- ler ; Emanuel, married Mary Mischler ; who died in February, 1882, Samuel, married Mary Grauch ; Mary, married Adam Schilb ; William Ferdinand, Charles and Frederick. Mr. Oerly served in the militia during the war. He is an industrioui, well-to-do farmer and well re- spected citizen. JOHN PUESLEY, farmer, section 28. About the beginning of the present century John Pursley, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, then a young man, came from South Carolina, where he had been born and reared, and made his home in Illinois, then a territory. He there married and lived opposite St. Louis a number of years in what is known as the American bottom. But as early as 1815 he removed to this county with his family. He first settled on what is now known as the Wool- dridge farm, and afterwards, in about 1830, on the present John S. Campbell farm, where he and his wife lived until their deaths, she dye- ing about 1848 ; he about 1854. They reared a family of seven chil- dren : Rua, died unmarried ; Caroline, late wife of John Lamb ; Gar- vin, deceased father of our subject; John, died unmarried; Robert, died in boyhood ; Joseph, died in 1875, and Ann, wife of Elijah Beg- ley, of Cedar county. Garvin, the third of this family, after he grew up was married to Miss Margaret, daughter of Charles Clark, of this county, in about 1842. The first two years of their married life was spent in Cedar county, this state. They then settled on a farm on the Saline in this county, but in January, 1852, his wife died, leaving him HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1157 a family of three children, two, Robert and Joseph, having died in infancy. Those living were: Louisa, wife of Smith Campbell, of Moniteau county ; Charles, died July 24, 1867, aged twenty-one, and John, the subject of this sketch. In 1855 the father married again, Miss Sarah Taylor then becoming his wife. Three children resulted from this union : Preston W. , Ulysses G. and Perry T. He died Feb- ruary 12, 1882, in his sixty-third year, having been born in St. Clair county, Illinois, April 9, 1819. His last wife still survives him. John, his only surviving son by his first marriage, was born July 26, 1848. He was reared on his father's farm, and received a practical education in youth in the neighborhood schools. January 16, 1870, he was married to Miss Julia, daughter of Enoch Rector. She was born in Cedar county, December 29, 1849. Five years after their marriage they lived on his father's homestead in this county, but in 1875 they settled on their present place, a good farm of 160 acres of land, com- fortably and substantially improved. Mr. Pursley is an industrious farmer, and is well respected as a neighbor. They have three children : Beulah, aged twelve years ; Ernest, aged nine years, and Earle, aged five years. WILLIAM RAGLAND, farmer and stock dealer. William M. Ragland, the father of William, the subject of this sketch, and J. Kelly Ragland, his brother, came to this country at a comparatively early day froin Virginia, in which state they were born and reared, and purchased a thousand acres of land in Saline township, a part of which was the old " Governor Miller farm." William M. Ragland was married near Bunceton, this county, to Miss Bettie, daughter of James Quarles, formerly of Louisa county, Vir- ginia. Of their family of children, William, the subject of the present sketch, was born June 18, 1857. On account of the unsettled condition of affairs during the war, William R. Ragland removed with his family to St. Louis, where he died a short time before the restora- tion of peace. His widow subsequently became the wife of Richard P. Rider, president of Steven's college, of Columbia, Missouri, where she now resides. J. Kelly Ragland, the brother, married Miss Maria, daughter of Dr. Buckner. She died, however, sometime afterwards. The land J. Kelly Ragland and his brother purchased, they improved in a superior manner for the purpose of stock raising, which they carried on on a large scale. J. Kelly remained in Cooper county until his death, which occurred in November, 1882. He was one of the leading stock men of central Missouri and was, besides, a man of supe- 1158 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. rior education and fine business qualifications. After a long and active life, he died with as many friends and as few enemies as any man who ever passed away within the border of this county. He left a large estate at his death, appraised at nearly $100,000, which was divided among his relations. William Kagland, the subject of this sketch, and his brother James, own the farm of their late uncle, one of the finest landed estates in the county. They are extensively engaged in grain growing and stock raising, and are among the most prominent agriculturalists in these lines. William Ragland was married Septem- ber 21, 1882, to Miss Ella E., daughter of W- G. Hayes, of Saline township. They settled on the " Kelly Eagland farm," in February of the present year. Both are worthy members of the church. A. F. SANGER, merchant and postmaster, Gooch's Mill. Mr. Sanger was a lad of twelve years when his parents, Dominique and Christiana Sanger, emigrated from Silesia, Prussia, to this country in 1859, and located in Boonville, he having been born in " the dear old Fatherland beyond the Rhine," March 6, 1847. His father died here in 1873, and his mother followed her life partner into the mysteries of death in 1880. The son spent his youth partly in this city and partly in St. Louis, here working at the potter's trade, there employed in a rectifying establishment, and for two years he travelled for J. M. Jeggler. In the fore-wiuter of 1863 he enlisted in the union service, and was an attache of the Rolla supply train, and wore the blue for about ten months. He enlisted again in the fall of 1864 at St. Louis, and was stationed at Little Rock, Arkansas, until July, 1865. Up to 1874 he was engaged in various lines of business, always active and full of energy, and in February of that year he took charge of the large business establishment of Meistrell & Smith, at Gooch's Mill, which he has since conducted, and with the most gratifying success. This is one of. the largest business houses in the eastern part of the county, and enjoys an extensive and rapidly increasing trade. Mr. Sanger is essentially a self-made and self-educated man, and he has made him- self one of the best qualified and most thorough-going business men of the county. He has been postmaster for a number of years, and is exceptionally popular with all who know him. He was married November 12, 1872, in Boonville, to Miss Mary T., daughter of Joseph and Catharine Spady. She was born July 8, 1851. They have no children of their own, but have an adopted daughter, Mary (Nelson), they are rearing. Mr. Sanger has a neat farm of nearly HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1159 a quarter section of lowland about two miles southwest of the mill. He is a member of the Catholic church at Boonville. JACOB SCHILB, farmer, section 34. Jacob Schilb, Sr., the father of the subject of this sketch, followed the trade of carpentry in Bavaria, Germany, of which country he was a native, and he there lived until his immigra- tion to America in 1847. He was married in Bavaria to Miss Marga- ret Miller, and of this union there were five children, four sons and a daughter, Margaret, who subsequently became the wife of Henry Myers, in this county, and died some two years afterwards. The sons are all living and are residents of the same neighborhood, all substantial and well respected citizens. They are as follows : Jacob, Adam, Theobald D. (or David), and Frederick. The father and family located on the farm where Jacob now lives shortly after their arrival in this country. They had been on the way from Germany over five months, a journey of remarkable length in the time occupied, during which they passed through varied and trying experiences. The father died on his farm in about nine years after his location up- on it, the date of his death being June 30, 1856. The mother, how- ever, survived until the 30th of December, 1875, when she followed her husband to the grave. He was an industrious, good farmer, a worthy citizen, and a generous and kind neighbor. Jacob Schilb, the eldest son, was born November 24, 1825, and was, therefore, about thirty-three years of age when his parents came to this country. He became a resident of Cooper county in 1852. Farming has con- stituted his principal occupation, and he now has a neat farm, Gom- fortably and substantially improved. The following year after his arrival here, he was married, May 29, 1853, to Miss Anna B. Kise- ling, originally of Bavaria. They have had a family of seven children, two of whom are dead — Barbara dying at the age of three years, and Sophia in infancy. Those living are : Margaret, wife of Aug. Stock ; Elizabeth, wife of George Stock ; Mary, widow of Alex. Stock ; Caro- line and Mamie, both at home and unmarried. Mr. S. and his family are members of the Evangelical church at Pleasant Green. ADAM SCHILB, farmer, section 32. Thirty-three years Mr. Schilb has been a resident of Cooper county, and these three decades and more of the flower of his life have been devoted to honest, untiring industry, resulting not less in the material development and prosperity of the county than 1160 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. in his own comfortable situation in life. His fine farm of nearly three-quarters of a section of land is but a fraction of what he has made, it is only what he has saved, and bears the same ratio to the aggregate value of his services that the net profits of a business house bear to the aggregate volume of its business. Who will un- dertake to estimate the worth of such men to a country ? Starting out in life without anything but his own brawn and brain, for a num- ber of years he worked in a pottery for Wesley Williamson, grad- ually paying for and making a farm to which he ultimately turned his whole attention, and now he is one of the substantial farmers and comfortably situated citizens of the county, and has been for years. He was married March 1, 1853, to Miss Barbara, daughter of Leon- ard Beltz, brought by her parents from Bavaria to this county. They have eight children, and have lost two ; Adam, married Mary Oerly ; Catherine, died in infancy ; William, died aged fifteen years ; Jacob, Theobold, Franz, Barbara, Elizabeth, Louisa and Mary. He and wife are both members of the Evangelical church at Pleasant Green. Mr. Schilb's parents, Jacob and Margaret (Miller) Schilb had a family of five children, of whom Adam, the subject of this sketch, was the second, having been born January 14, 1828. In the sketch of the eldest brother, Jacob, will be given further particulars af the father's family. Space, however, may be spared here to mention that Theo- dore David, one of the younger of the sons, is also a well-to-do farmer and a self-made man and resides near the subject of this sketch. He was born October 10, 1833. He commenced in life for himself by learning the blacksmith's trade with David Ferce inBoon- ville, and worked there three years. He then put up a shop of his own on a piece of land he bought, and followed blacksmithing and farming together until about the close of the late war. Since that time he has given his whole attention to farming. His place contains about 200 acres of choice land, and is well improved. He raises both grain and stock for the general markets and is a worthy brother of Adam as a farmer and citizen. As a neighbor and friend he is more than ordinarily hospitable and kind. He was married August 31, 1857, to Miss Catherine Youngk, a young lady formerly of Indiana, born Oc- tober 15, 1839. They have been blessed with twelve children : Da- vid, Henry, Margaret, Frederick, Sylvester, Catherine E., Elizabeth, Barbara, Jacob, Adam, Catherine and Mary. Adam and Catherine E., however, being dead. Mr. Schilb is an active and earnest sup- porter of the public school system. He and family are members of the Evangelical church. HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1161 HERMAN SCHMIDT, deceased. It is impossible to estimate how much this country owes to the hardy, honest sons of the German Fatherland who have come over here and joined their labor and their intelligence with those of the people of the New World in building up one of the greatest nations the sun ever shone upon. There is not a county, nor scarcely a neighbor- hood, in the United States that does not bear the marks of their industry and of the successful, useful lives they lead. This reflection is induced by scanning the life of Herman Schmidt, deceased, the sub- , ject of this sketch. But sixteen years old when he came to America with his brother's family, in 1836, and making his home in Cooper county four years afterwards, by his own worth and exertions he became a successful farmer and established for himself an honor- able name as a public-spirited, patriotic citizen, proving of value to the community in which he lived as a civil officer, and gal- lantly serving his country when it was threatened with destruction by the late civil war. He was born in Saxony, Germany, Decem- ber 22, 1820, and was a son of Frederick and Christina Schmidt, who emigrated to this country in 1836, and after four years' residence in Ohio settled in this county in 1840. The mother died a short time afjter their arrival here, and subsequently the father married Mrs. Christina Yost, of St. Louis. He died September 25, 1865, and his last wife three years afterwards. September 30, 1868, Herman, the only son of his father who reached maturity, devoted himself to agri- culture and soon became remarked among his neighbors for his untir- ing industry, and the intelligence, frugality and success with which he conducted his farming operations. He was busily occupied with farm duties when the war burst upon the country ; but he dropped every- thing and became an ardent and resolute soldier for the Union, being a volunteer in the Missouri state militia. After the restoration of peace he was an active republican, believing it as much his duty to protect the country against the ballots of its enemies as against their bullets. In fact, he was one of a body of seven enfans perdus who cast their ballots for Lincoln in this county in 1860. He held various civil offices in the township, but steadily refused to accept a county office, which he was many times pressed to do. Local positions he filled ; such as justice of the peace for eight years, and others, for the accommodation of his neighbors. He was married July 28, 1847, to Miss Theressa, sister of Ernst Spieler, originally from Germany, and reared a family of six children : Henry, died aged nineteen ; Ida, wife 1162 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. of Albert Hoberecht; Emma, widow of Hosenbacb; Hermann A., Bertha and Otto Gr. Mr. Schmidt died January 4, 1880, regretted by- all who knew him, and mourned by his family and a large circle of friends. The management of the farm — a large grain' and stock farm — has since devolved on his son Herman H., a young man of great promise as a successful agriculturalist and useful citizen. At his father's death he was just preparing to enter Prairie Home Institute ; but at once resigned his purpose, and entered actively upon his farm duties. He is rapidly proving himself a worthy successor to his father, not only on the farm, but as a public-spirited, enterprising citizen. He is an ardent republican, and cast his first ballot for that party. The family are all members of the Lutheran church, as was also the father. HENRY CLAY SIMMS, farmer, carpenter and undertaker, homestead, section 20. The sub- ject of the present 'sketch, was born in Boone county, twelve miles north of Columbia, October 9, 1844, and was the only son of a fam- ily of four children reared by William and Vienna (Hagdon) Simms. The father was originally from Virginia, but the mother was a native of Kentucky. In 1865 the family removed to Cooper county, and after living in Boonville awhile settled in the bottom near Overton. The mother died in 1875, and her husband followed her four years afterward, in 1879. William Simms was a carpenter by trade, and to this occupation Henry Clay, the son, was brought up, which up to the last six years has been his principal employment in life. On the 29th of June, 1867, he was married to Miss Mary Louisa Virginia, only daughter of Lewis Eager, of this county, and in 1881 he came to his present farm, the old " Eager Homestead." He has something over three forties of good land comfortably improved, and besides this has an eighty acre tract a short distance from the homestead. He also has on his farm a carpenter's and wagonmaker's shop, and does a general undertaking business. His interests in all these lines are perhaps the most important in the eastern part of the county, and to keep them in progress he employs no less than eight hands all the time. Mr. and Mrs. Simms have a family of three children : Hattie May, aged fourteen years ; Annie Louisa, aged ten years, and Wil- liam Lewis, aged six years. Mr. S. is a member of the. Baptist church. JOHN B. SPADY, farmer, section 12. In 1849 Frank J. Spady and wife, formerly Miss Catherine Keller, emigrated with their family from Alsace, France HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1163 (now Germany), of which province both were natives, and after stop- ping in Kentucky a short time came to Missouri and settled on the farm where they now live, in Saline township, of this county. Here their family of six children, including John B. the subject of this sketch, grew up, and all but two who had died from the effects of a stroke of lightning, received in 1857, have since married and have families of their own. The father is about seventy-three years of age and the mother seventy-one, yet they are in comparatively good health and have the promise of still more advanced leases of life. John B. was born in the Land of Vines, November 27, 1848, and was therefore but one year old when his parents immigrated to this coun- try. His whole life thus far has been spent on the farm, having been reared to an agricultural life, which he adopted permanently after arriving at the age of majority. February 22, 1870, he was married to Miss Mary, daughter of Conrad Cash, of Pilot Grove, and four children have blessed their union: Frank, John, Anna and Clara. During the late war Mr. Spady was a member of the Missouri state militia, under Captain Shoemaker, and was captured while General Price was at Boonville, but was released on account of being under military age, and rejoined his company immediately after his release. Mr. Spady follows farming in a general way, raising grain and stock. The farm being the old family homestead of his father contains nearly a quarter section of good land, and is comfortably improved.. He and his wife are both members of the Catholic church of Boonville. F. E. SPIELER, farmer, section 1. Among the educated, enterprising, and successful citizens of Saline township, of German birth, the name that heads this sketch is worthy of special mention. Mr. Spieler was fifteen years of age when his parents, John A. and Christiana (Riese) Spieler, emigrated from Germany to this country in 1846, having been born January 28, 1831. His parents located near Pleasant Green, in this county, where they are still living. They reared but three children, Theresa, wife of Harmon Smith, Ernst, the subject of this sketch, and Otto, now at the family homestead. Ernst received a good educa- tion in youth, and afterwards taught school two terms of eleven months with excellent success. After this he engaged in milling, which he followed eight years, and then returned to farming, to which he had been brought up. In this he has been not less successful than in school teaching and milling. His place contains 400 acres of ex- cellent land, and is devoted mainly to grain raising, principally wheat 1164 HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. and corn, although he also grows considerable quantities of other cereal products, and raises some stock. In 1862 Mr. Spieler en- listed in the state militia, and in 1864 was wounded near Big Lick, by that "destroying angel," Bill Anderson, who swooped down on our subject, with ten other militiamen, while they were out looking for a stray mare, killing seven outright, F. Hofferberg, D. Huth, E. Blank, H. Weber, J. Edir, Peter Diehl, and Lieutenant B. Diedrich : four escaped, Ernst Spieler, Otto Spieler, John Blank, and Jacob Blank. Mr. Spieler was wounded in the right arm and severely cut in the right shoulder. March 9, 1862, Mr. Spieler was married to Miss Elizabeth Young, a native of the city of New York. They have nine children, Emma, Maggie, Sophie, Louisa, Oscar, Theodore, Ida, Richard and Nora. AARON J. VAUGHAN farmer and school teacher. Aaron J. Vaughan, born in Big Lick township, May 9, 1833, is descended from two of the pioneer families of this county, the Vaughan and Hammons, both having settled here in 1818. Thomas, the father of Aaron J., was about ten years old when the latter's parents, Thomas, Sr., and Sarah (Jenkins) Vaughan came to the county from Tennessee, their native state, and located on a portion of what is now known as the J. K. Ragland farm in Big Sa- line township. George Hammons, the father of Thomas, Jr's mother, also settled on a portion of the same farm, and the grandparents on both sides, except Mrs. Hammons, died prior to 1830. She was called away from this life nine years afterwards. But three of the grandfather Vaughan' s family of eight children came out to this state with him, however: Thomas, Aaron and John. Aaron died in in 1842, and John in 1850. Thomas Vaughan, Jr., as already inti- mated, married Miss Sarah Hammons, in about 1827, and from this union, eight children resulted, Aaron J., the subject of this sketch, being the third, and follows Eloira, wife of E. Bay les ; Albert B., died in Gratiot street military prison, in St. Louis, during the civil war; Aaron J.; Lorenzo D., at Overton; Sarah J., wife of Wm. Kaley, Pilot Grove; John J., at Overton; Catherine, wife of Isaac Henry, Big Lick, and George W., also died in Gratiot street prison, of puenumonia. The mother afterward died, March 22, 1858 ; the father of these died May 4, 1877. Aaron J. Vaughan had no school edu- cation in youth of any practical value. He early became apprenticed to the saddler's trade, at Roanoke, in which he continued until he had acquired that occupation. But anxious to remedy the defects of his HISTORY OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. 1165 early education, he entered school after he had attained his twenty- third year, and persevered in his studies in the school room, and in private until he had qualified himself to teach school. Then in 1858 he began teaching, and continued his own studies all the time. In a few years he became noted, and every where sought after as one of the best teachers, both for his acquirements and thorough practical meth- ods in the school-room, in the county. For twenty-four years he has continued in this calling, intermitting, however, by farming about half of the time, in which he is now engaged. He also merchandised two years from 1872, at Overton. During this time he has served the people of his township as justice of the peace, and is now filling his second commission as notary public. Mr. Vaughan has been a member of the Baptist church for thirty years, and was recently or- dained a deacon. He was married August 11, 1858, to Miss Mary J. McFall, originally of Kentucky. They have three interesting and accomplished daughters : Miss Fannie B., who has been teaching for several terms : Miss Mattie Lee, a most attractive young lady ; and Master Selby B. The young ladies and their mother are all mem- bers of the Baptist church. H. H. WOOLDRIDGE, farmer, section 15. Merchandising and farming are the occupations to which Mr. Wooldridge has devoted his energies heretofore, and in both he has been satisfactqrily successful. Born in Hardin county, Kentucky, April 12, 1838, he came to this county with his father's family at the age of twenty, and a few years afterwards, in 1863, en- gaged in clerking in a general store in Moniteau county. November 4, 1869, he was married to Miss Sallie, daughter of William Eager, of this county, and thereupon settled on his farm in Saline township. In 1871, however, he returned to Moniteau county and sold goods on his own account where he had previously clerked. Subsequently he resumed farming, and followed it until 1876, when he became a mem- ber of the mercantile firm of Hayes, Eager & Co., at Overton, with whom he continued about six years. But in the fall of 1882 he sold out his interest in the merchandising business and settled on his pres- ent farm, the old "Wooldridge homestead, " the following spring, where he is farming on a somewhat extensive scale. The place con- tains 400 acres of good land, and besides stock raising and growing general farm products, he raises about 250 acres of wheat and corn, but principally wheat. Mr. and Mrs. Wooldridge have two childreu : William J., aged twelve years, and Mary E., aged four years. Both 75 1166 HISTOET OF HOWARD AND COOPER COUNTIES. parents are members of the Baptist church at Big Lick. Mr. W.'s father, Jesse Wooldridge, was a native of Virginia, but removed to Kentucky early in life, where he married and lived until his immigra- tion to this state, in 1858. His mother (H. H.'s) was formerly a Miss Susan Hays, a native of Kentucky. She died on the homestead, in this county, February 25, 1871. Her husband followed her in death just eleven years afterwards, February 25, 1881. They reared a family of seven children including H. H., all of whom are residents ot this county.