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INDEX SCHOLASTICUS. 
 
 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
INDEX SCHOLASTICUS. 
 
 SONS 
 
 AND 
 
 DAUGHTERS. 
 
 A GUIDE TO PARENTS 
 
 IN THE CHOICE OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, 
 
 PREPARATORY TO PROFESSIONAL OR OTHER 
 .OCCUPATION OF THEIR CHILDREN; 
 
 CLERICAL, 
 
 GOVERNMENTAL, 
 
 MUSICAL, ' 
 
 MINISTERIAL, 
 
 EDUCATIONAL, 
 
 AGRICULTURAL, 
 
 MEDICAL, 
 
 , LITERARY, 
 
 COMMERCIAL, 
 
 LEGAL, 
 
 ARTISTIC, 
 
 ETC. 
 
 By R. KEMP PHILP, 
 
 AUTHOR OF " HISTORY OF PROGRESS IN GREAT BRITAIN," " REASON WHY SERIES,' 
 " ENQUIRE WITHIN," " BEST OF EVERYTHING," ETC. 
 
 LONDON : 
 VIRTUE & CO., 26, IVY LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW. 
 
 1872. 
 
LONDON : 
 
 PRIfNTED BY VIRTUE AND CO., 
 
 CITY ROAD. 
 
 , President White 
 Library 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The numerous changes recently adopted in our Univer- 
 sities and other SCHOLASTIC Institutions ; the adoption 
 of the principle of Competitive Examination for Govern- 
 ment Appointments; the efforts to extend and elevate 
 Middle Class Education, and to open avenues by which 
 the humbler Classes may avail themselves of high Educa- 
 tional privileges, suggested that a work which should supply 
 general information upon the revised constitution of our 
 Educational Establishments, and the steps to Governmental 
 and Professional occupations, would be acceptable alike to 
 Teachers, Parents, and Pupils. 
 
 For the purposes of the present work the Principals of 
 all the leading Educational Institutions and Governmental 
 Departments have been communicated with, and the infor- 
 mation contained in the following pages has been recently 
 procured from direct sources. A few Institutions that will 
 naturally be looked for in such a work will be found wanting. 
 The fault rests not with the Editor, but with the Heads of 
 the Establishments themselves, inasmuch that, being several 
 times written to, they failed to reply, or furnished the desired 
 information too late for insertion. With regard to Endowed 
 Schools, the general answer has been that in consequence of 
 contemplated changes under the operations of the Endowed 
 Schools Act, it is impossible at present to state what their 
 future constitution will be. These omissions will be remedied 
 in future editions, and the " Index Scholasticus " be ren- 
 dered as far as possible complete. 
 
 The Editor has avoided any expression of opinion upon 
 the recent changes, and abstained from comment regarding 
 
VI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 -Educational Topics. He has preferred to quote the senti- 
 ments of high authorities upon some questions of Scholastic 
 theory; and among a number of selected essays and 
 speeches, the addresses of the Bishop of Winchester upon 
 "Oxford and Cambridge Local Examinations;" the Bishop 
 OF Exeter upon the " Faculties of Arts, Laws, and Science ;" 
 Lord Derby upon "Technical and Art Education;" Dr. 
 Henry Jervis upon the "Duties of Medical Students;" 
 and concise extracts from the Addresses of School Patrons 
 and Principals, delivered upon special occasions, will be 
 found to embody a Valuable amount of advice and encourage- 
 ment upon the leading questions of the day, affecting the 
 future welfare of Sons and Daughters. 
 
 Every effort has been made by the Editor to furnish 
 Parents with the probable cost of an Educational Course at 
 the Establishments named in the work. If these estimated 
 expenses are iiot always stated so clearly and fully as they 
 should be, it is because no other information has been sup- 
 plied in reply to the Editor's inquiries. The Appendix will 
 be found to furnish an ample Directory to a very large 
 number of Educational Institutions, from Evening Classes to 
 the Higher Colleges and Schools ; and the Indexes to the 
 "Principal Scholarships, Exhibitions, and Prizes," and to 
 the " Privileged Scholarships and Prizes," will facilitate 
 reference to details of information of practical value. 
 
 It is to be regretted that Institutions upon the plan of our 
 great Public Schools are not more numerously and liberally 
 provided for the Higher Education of Women. The Second 
 Part of this volume exhibits the great disparity between the 
 number and character of the Institutions devoted to the 
 Education of Daughters and those provided for Sons. There 
 are, however, important endeavours now being made to 
 " level up " the Educational Standard ; and the University 
 Local Examinations will probably lead to an early realisa- 
 tion of some approach to Scholastic equality. 
 
 London, Januaiy, 1872. 
 
SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 PART I.—SONS. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OP OXFORD. 
 
 The University is a corporate body known for ages by the title 
 of " The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University 
 OF Oxford;" confirmed in- the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Its 
 ancient privileges have been recognised and augmented by a long 
 succession of Royal Charters, sanctioned by subsequent Parliaments, 
 and modified by a few Acts of modern legislation. The- University 
 returns two Members to Parliament.. The Governing Bodies, and 
 their relative powers, which are chiefly of interest to those who have 
 already entered the University, are set forth in the University Calendar, 
 as are also the names of the Fellows, Professors, and Officers. 
 
 PROFESSORS AND TEACHERS.. 
 
 There are five Hegius Professorships, of Divinity, Civil Law, 
 Medicine, Hebrew, and Greek. King Henry VIII., in 1546, 
 assigned to each of these Professorships a yearly stipend of 
 £/i,o ; but the endowments, have since received considerable aug- 
 mentation. At present the stipend of the Professor of Greek amounts 
 to ;^Soo. Margaret Professorship of Divinity. — The Professor must 
 be either a Graduate in Divinity, or a Master of Arts of seven years' 
 standing, and in Priest's orders. The election is for life. Savilian 
 Professorships of Geometry and Astronomy. — The endowment of each 
 chair now amounts to ;^4po a year. The Professors may be chosen 
 from any part of Christendom, provided, they are persons of good 
 character and repute, well skilled in. Mathematics, and twenty-six years 
 of age: if Englishmen, they must baM. A. at the, least., Sedleian Pro- 
 fessorship of Natural Philosophy: — ^The stipend arising from the original 
 endowment has been augmented to £,100. from, the University chest, 
 and further by an annual payment of £,210 from the revenues of 
 Queen's College. Whyte's Professorship of Moral Philosophy. — The 
 Professor is now elected for life, and the stipend is augmented 10^400 
 a year. Camden Professorship of Ancient History. — The- stipend has- 
 been augmented to .^600 per annum. Tomlin's Professorship of 
 Anatomy, now annexed to the Linage Professorship of Physiology, 
 endowed with a stipend of ;^8oo a year, and an additional ^^200 
 
 B 
 
2 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 a year, which is chargeable with the salary of a Demonstrator of Anatomy, 
 who is also Keeper of the Physiological Collection in the University 
 Museum. Professorship of Music, &c. — The Professor is elected for life, 
 and the stipend is about ;£i3o per annum. Laudian Professor of 
 Aradic— The stipend is now augmented to ;£3oo, out of the University 
 chest. Botany. — The original stipend was only ;^ 40 a year, but it has 
 since been augmented ; and the late Dr. Sibthorp attached to the foun- 
 dation a Professorship of Rural Economy, with a stipend of ;£2oo a 
 year. Poetry.- — The Professor is elected for five years, on the expiration 
 of which he may be re-elected for a similar term. He must be at the 
 least a Master of Arts, or a Bachelor of Civil Law. The yearly stipend 
 is ;£ioo. Arabic. — The Professor is appointed by the Lord High 
 Almoner. The stipend is under £,$0. Regius Professorship of Modern 
 History. — The original stipend, in value about ;^37i, has since been 
 augmented by the annual sum of .;£^2 5o from the revenues of Oriel 
 College. Experimental Philosophy. — The University has augmented 
 the original stipend to ;!^3oo a year, and the Professor also receives the 
 annual sum of ^^ 2 00 from the revenues of Wadham College. Vinerian 
 Professorship of English Law. — The original stipend has been aug- 
 mented to ;£'6oo. The Professor, at the time of his admission, is to be 
 at least a Master of Arts, or a Bachelor of Civil Law. There is also a 
 Readership for instruction in Civil Law and in English Law, the 
 appointment for three years, with a stipend of over £,2^0. Clinical 
 Professorship. — Founded for the reading of Clinical Lectures in the 
 Radcliffe Infirmary. The Professor must be a Doctor of Medicine of 
 five years' standing. The stipend is about ;^2oo. Rawlinsonian Pro- 
 fessorship of Anglo-Saxon.-^Tenablt for life; any member of Convocation 
 is eligible, and the lectures are now no longer confined to the language 
 of the Anglo-Saxons, but take in also the history of that people, the 
 old Low-German dialects, and the antiquities of Northern Europe. 
 Stipend, ;£^3oo. Mineralogy and Geology. — The University has augmented 
 the original stipends of jQ'ioo a year each, by the further payment of 
 ,^^150 to the Professor of Mineralogy, and of ;£3oo to the Professor of 
 Geology, subject to conditions of residfence, &c. Political Economy. — 
 The Professor must be at least a Master of Arts, or a Bachelor of Civil 
 Law, and must have graduated regularly in this University. Not 
 tenable for more than five years. Stipend ;£ioo. Boden Professorship 
 of Sanscrit. — The Founder " being of opinion that a more general and 
 critical knowledge of the Sanscrit language will be a means of enabling 
 his countrymen to proceed in the conversion of the natives of India to the 
 Christian religion by disseminating a knowledge of the Sacred Scriptures 
 amongst them, more effectually than all other means," left the whole of 
 his property to the University for the purpose, and regulations for 
 carrying his design into effect have been made by decrees of the Court 
 of Chancery, establishing a Professorship and Scholarships. The Pro- 
 fessor must be twenty-five years of age ; and at the time of his admission 
 must be, and continue to be, a member of some College or Hall. The 
 yearly stipend, which is now ;£90o, may be increased to ;£i,ooo, which 
 sum it is never to exceed. Logic. — The Professor must be a Master of 
 Arts, or a Doctor in one of the three superior Faculties. The stipend 
 has been raised to jQ\oo a year, and the Professorship is tenable for 
 life. Regius Professorship of Pastoral Theology and Ecclesiastical History. 
 
UNIVERSITY OP OXFORD. 3 
 
 — Two Canonries of Christ Church are annexed to the two Professor- 
 ships. Prior to the succession to the Canonries, the yearly stipend to 
 each Professor was jd°° ^ year. Exegesis of Holy Scripture. — Stipend 
 about ;£30o per annum. Corpus Professorship of Latin Literature. — 
 Endowed with a stipend of ;£6oo a year, the Professor occupying the 
 position of an Honorary Fellow of Corpus Christi College. He must 
 be a Master of Arts, or a Doctor in one of the three superior Faculties. 
 Chichelis Professorships of International Law and Dipbmacy, and of 
 Modern History. — Endowed with the emoluments of five suppressed 
 Fellowships of All Souls College. Waynflete Professorships of Moral and 
 Metaphysical Philosophy, and of Chemistry. — Founded in Magdalen 
 College, to be maintained by a stipend of ;^6oo a year each. Hope 
 Professorship of Physiology. — At the time of his admission the Professor 
 must be at least a Master of Arts or a Bachelor of Civil Law or Medi- 
 cine. He is required to superintend and arrange the Hope Collection 
 of Annulose Animals, and to take charge of the Natural History portion 
 of the Hope Library. Stipend about ;£^400 per annum. Comparative 
 Philology. — Endowed with a stipend of ;£6oo a year. Corpus Professor- 
 ship of Jurisprudence.- — Endowed with a stipend of £^iioo a year, from 
 the revenues of the College. Slade Professorship of Fine Art. — The 
 Professor is elected for three years only, but maybe re-elected. Stipend 
 about ;£^35o per annum. Readership of Ancient History. — The Reader 
 must be a member of Convocation. Stipend ;£^2oo a year. Pord's 
 Professor of English History.— A. recent Foundation, for the appoint- 
 ment to which no statute has yet been framed. Grimfeld Lecture. — 
 The Lecturer must be in Holy Orders, and at least a Master of Arts. 
 He is not to be considered as a Public University Professor or Reader. 
 The subject of the Lecture is the LXX. Version of the Hebrew Scrip- 
 tures. Tenable for two years. Stipend about ;^45 each year. 
 Teacherships of Modern European Languages. — In connection with the 
 Taylor Institution there are Teachers of the German, French, Italian, 
 and Spanish Languages. Each receives an annual stipend of ;^iSo, 
 which may be augmented by small fees from those who attend the lec- 
 tures, and by some additional payment from the fund. 2'eachers of 
 Hindustani and of Indian Lazu and History. — In order to provide 
 necessary instruction for Undergraduates who have been selected, after 
 Competitive Examination in London, for the Civil Service in India, the 
 University in 1859 appointed a Teacher of the Hindustani Language; 
 and in i86r Convocation sanctioned the appointment of a Teacher of 
 " the General Principles of Jurisprudence, and the Elements of Hindu 
 and Mohammedan Law." The stipends are ;£'2 2 5 and ;£2So per annum 
 for three years. Eskch Teacher is allowed to take certain Fees from the 
 Students. 
 
 INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Bodleian Library. — ^The collection of books has been continually 
 increasing since 1602, when the Library, which had previously fallen 
 into decay, was again opened with upwards of 2,000 volumes. The 
 collection has been augmented by large and valuable donations, and by 
 the right, obtained by Sir Thomas Bodley, in 1610, from the Stationers' 
 Company, to a copy of every work printed within the jurisdiction of 
 
 B 2 
 
4 SOiVS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 the Company, and by purchases. At present the. Library comprises more 
 than 300,000 volumes. Open, between 9, a.m., and 4 p.m.j except at 
 certain periods. Graduate members of the University, and Students of 
 Civil Law and Medicine,, have the righ^ to use the- Library;. Other 
 persons on satisfactory recommendafcion.. 
 
 Picture GALLERV.-^The Picture Gallery is appurtenant to the 
 Library. Contains many portraits of Benefactors or Members of the 
 University, models, of sincie^it apd modem edifices, ap.d othier objects, 
 of interest. 
 
 Reading RooM.r--A Reading Ro&m is open, on- the- same days as the- 
 Library, from 10 a.m.. to 10 p-.m. It contains the newest -works, and is. 
 available, for the use of other books, whether printed or manuscript, 
 under certain rules.. 
 
 Clarendon Press.: — For the printing of books which the Delegates 
 undertake t-o pubUsh ;, and, those which, are sent in by private; authors 
 and publishers. 
 
 THEATE.E. — The Theatre is used for the assembhes of the University; 
 
 AsijMOLEAN MusEUM.^For the promotion of the study of Chemistry, 
 and all Natural Sciences,, and also the- reception of' artificial and natural 
 curiosities.. The- first floor constitutes a Museum of Antiquities ; and . 
 the basement story is the repository of the Arundel Marbles, and, of 
 other similar remains.. Open daily- from 2 to 4. 
 
 The Clarendon. — Originally- erected for a printing House ; now. 
 used for various public purposes of the University; 
 
 Radcuffe Library.: — Now open as a Reading Room. 
 
 Radcli.ffe Observatory. — Comprises a dwelling-house for- the- 
 Observer, and. apartments for observation, lectures, a library, and for 
 an assistant? Observer., Astronomical observations are made as, fre- 
 quently as the weather permits, and recorded and subsequently printed., 
 
 Taylor Institution. — Founded "for the teaching and improving 
 the European languages ;" and, by a subsequent bequ.est, for the en-, 
 couragement of the- study of the. Polish and other Slavonic Languages, 
 Literature, and History. The Library is open between the hours of 1 1 
 and S, except at state_d times.. Members of the University have free 
 admission, and resident members may borrow books.. Literary persons, 
 not of the University-, may frequent the Library-unde,r spe.cial permission. 
 Periodicals of France, Germany, and Italy are provided. 
 
 University GAi,LERiES.r^Contain specimens of ancient and modern 
 .sculpture, and a large- number of original, drawings of M. Angelo and 
 Raffaele. One room has been assigned for the Oxford School of- Art. 
 Open daily from 11 to, i,. an-d from 2 to z, except for a few weeks in the 
 Long Vacation. * 
 
 Museum. — Intended for the promotion of the study of Science. Con- 
 tains lecture-rooms, with work-rooms, and laboratories for Professors, a 
 dissecting-room, a large laboratory for students in Chemistry, a spacious 
 library, a reading-room, and a small observatory. There are various 
 collections illustrative ofsubjects studied in the Museum ; and, to make 
 these collections more useful to Students, the Trustees under Dr. Rad- 
 cliffe's will have allowed the Scientific portion of his library to be brought 
 here. A new wing contains a large lecture theatre, a large room for 
 the Physical Cabinet, laboratories, and rooms for special experiments. 
 Open to members of the University from 10 to 4 daily. Visitors ad- 
 
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. S 
 
 mitted after 2, without fee. The Library is open from 10 till 4 daily, 
 and on Mondays and Thursdays during Term from 7 to 9 p.m. 
 
 Officers. — In connection with these Institutions there are numerous 
 salaried appointments, as Lecturers, Librarians, Curators, Astronomical 
 Observers, Assistants, &c. 
 
 ■SCHOLARSHIPS. 
 
 Craven Scholarships. — Six, tenable for three years, with stipends 
 of ;£8o a year each. Candidates must ^aw6 passed the public Examina- 
 tion in one School at least, and must not have excjeeded the twenty- 
 fourth term from Matriculation. The election is made after an exami- 
 nation in Greek and Latin Scholarship, by three Examiners. 
 
 Radcliffe Travelling Scholarships. — Originally founded for two 
 persons to be choseii out of the University of Oxford, for the main- 
 tenance of two persons for the spa!fce of ten years ; to travel in parts 
 beyond the sea, for their better improvement. At present there are 
 three Fellowships, each of the annual value of ;^2oo, and tenable for 
 three years only. Candidates must have passed all the Examinations 
 required for the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, and must either have been 
 placed in the First Class in one at least of the Public Examinations of 
 the University, or ha*e obtained some University Prize or Scholarship 
 open to general Competition. Each Candidate must declare that he 
 intends to graduate in Medicine in the University of Oxford with the 
 view of engaging in the practice of Medicine, and to travel abroad with 
 the view of improving in the study ; and no one is to be elected who is 
 legally authorised to practise as a Physician. In case no such Candidate 
 offers, the vacant Fellowship may be thrown open to persons who have 
 been placed in the First Glass in the School of Natural Science, whether 
 authorised to practise of not-. Candidates a5-e to be examined in such 
 subjects connected with Medical Science, and by such official persons in 
 Oxford as the electors shall appoint. A Fellow forfeits his Fellowship 
 by spending more than eighteen months within the United Kingdom. 
 
 ViNERiAN ScHOLARSHiPS.-^Three -Scholarships, with an annual stipend 
 of ;^8o a year each, tenable for three years ; one Scholar to be elected 
 every year. Candidates must be Members of the University who have 
 completed two years and have not exceeded six years from their Matri- 
 culation. Each Scholar is to satisfy the Vice-Chancellor every year that 
 he belongs to one of the Inns of Court, or that he is bona fide studying 
 English Law. The subjects of Examination are the Civil Law, Inter- 
 national Law, General Jurispruden'Ce, and especially the Law of Eng- 
 land, both public and private. 
 
 Dean Ireland's Scholarships. =-Four Scholarships, "for the pro- 
 motion of Classical Learning and Taste," with stipends of ^£'30 per year 
 each, tenable for four years, provided the Scholar keeps by residence 
 two terms in each year. One Scholar is elected every year in Lent 
 Term. Candidates must be Members of the University who have not 
 exceeded the sixteenth term from their Matriculation. 
 
 Eldon Law Scholarship. — " For the purpose of recording Lord 
 Eldon's connection with the Profession of the Law, and with the 
 University of which he was so distinguished an ornament, and, at the 
 same time, of conferring a real benefit, as well as a distinction, upon 
 
6 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 meritorious individuals, who may have to struggle with difficulties in the 
 early part of their professional career," Candidates must be Protestants 
 of the Church of England, and members of the University of Oxford, 
 who, having passed their Examinations for the Degree of Bachelor of 
 Arts, have been rated in the First Class in one branch at least of 
 Examination, or have gained one of the Chancellor's Prizes, and who 
 intend to follow the Profession of the Law. The Scholarship is for 
 three years, running from June 4, Lord Eldon's birthday, provided the 
 Scholar keeps his Terms regularly at one of the Inns of Court. If the 
 Scholar be called to the Bar, or commence practice under the Bar, he 
 shall thereby vacate his Scholarship. [The amount of the stipend is not 
 stated in the Calendar?^ 
 
 BoDEN Scholarships. — Four, for proficiency in the Sanscrit Lan- 
 guage and Literature. One Scholar is elected every year in Lent Term. 
 Candidates must be members of some College or Hall, andnot have 
 exceeded the twenty-fifth year of their age. Tenable for four years, 
 with an annual stipend of;^5o payable half-yearly, provided the Scholar 
 retains his name on the books of some College or Hall, keeps by 
 statutable residence three Terms in each year, and makes sufficient 
 proficiency in Sanscrit. Default entails forfeiture of the Scholarship, or 
 some portion of the stipend. 
 
 Mathematical Scholarships. — Four, two Senior and two Junior, 
 with stipends of £y> ^ Y^^^ each. One Scholar in each of the two 
 classes is elected every year in Lent Term. Candidates for the Senior 
 Scholarships must be Members of the University who have passed the 
 Examination for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and not more than the 
 twenty- sixth Term from Matriculation inclusively. For the Junior 
 Scholarships Candidates must be Members of the University who have 
 not exceeded eight terms from Matriculation inclusively. Each Scholar- 
 ship is tenable for two years, provided the Scholar has his name on the 
 books of some College or Hall, and in the case of a Junior Scholar, 
 that he continues Mathematical studies. The Senior Scholar also 
 receives, for one year only, about ;^2o from Dr. Johnson's fund, and is 
 called the " Johnson Scholar." 
 
 Kennicott Scholarship. — For the promotion of the study of 
 Hebrew; tenable for one year only; stipend about ;£iSo. The 
 Scholar must keep residence for seven weeks in Michaelmas Term, 
 seven in Lent Term, and seven in Easter and' Act Terms jointly. 
 Candidates must have passed the Examinatioiis for the Degree of 
 Bachelor of Arts, and must not, on the day of election, have exceeded 
 twenty-eight terms from their Matriculation. 
 
 PuzEY AND Ellerton SCHOLARSHIPS. — ^Three, for the promotion of 
 sound Theology, through a solid and critical knowledge of Hebrew. 
 Stipend about ;^So for each Scholar, tenable for three years. One 
 Scholar elected every year in Act Term. Candidates must be Members 
 of the University under the Degree of Master of Arts or Bachelor of 
 Civil Law ; or if of either of those Degrees, not above twenty-five years 
 of age. In the first two years the Scholar must reside seven weeks in 
 each Michaelmas and Lent Term, and seven weeks in the Easter and 
 Act Terms, of one of the two years, and during such residence pursue 
 his studies under the direction of the Professor of Hebrew. In certain 
 cases the Trustees may dispense with part of this residence. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 7 
 
 Denver and Johnson Scholarships. — Three, for the promotion 
 and study of Theology ; stipend ^^40, for one year only. Any Bachelor 
 of Arts, who has not exceeded twenty-seven terms from his Matricula- 
 tion, may present himself for an Examination in Divinity, which is 
 holden every year in Lent Term. The subjects of Examination vary 
 year by year, and are indicated previously in the Calendar. The names 
 of those who pass the Examination are published in alphabetical order ; 
 and the Scholarships are awarded to the best three of the Candidates. 
 
 Hertford Scholarship. — For the promotion of the study of Latin. 
 Tenable for one year only \ stipend about :£z°- Candidates must not 
 have completed two years from their Matriculation. The competition 
 is free to Undergraduates. 
 
 Taylor Scholarships. — One Scholarship of £,^0, and one Exhibi- 
 tion of ;^2S, each for one year, for proficiency in one or more of the 
 languages taught in the Taylor Institution (a year's notice thereof being 
 given), in Comparative Philology, and in the Literature of the selected 
 language or languages. Candidates must not have exceeded the twenty- 
 third term from their Matriculation. 
 
 Burdett Coutts Scholarships. — ^Two, for the promotion of the 
 study of Geology. Each Scholarship is tenable for two years ; stipend 
 ;^75 each annually. One Scholar elected every year in Lent Term. 
 Candidates must have passed all necessary Examinations for the Degree 
 of B.A., and not have exceeded the twenty-seventh term from 
 Matriculation. 
 
 Abbott Scholarships. — The Univei-sity has. accepted a legacy ot 
 ;^6,ooo bequeathed by the late Mr. John Abbott, of Halifax, to found 
 three Scholarships for the sons of Clergj'men of the Church of England 
 needing assistance to support their sons at the University. The 
 conditions are not yet (187 1) promulgated. 
 
 Sermons and Preachers. — Sermons are preached before the Uni- 
 versity throughout the year, except the Long Vacation and part of the 
 Christmas Vacation. There are also special Sermons for particular 
 occasions. The Sermons fall to the Heads of Colleges, and to Graduates, 
 under fixed regulations. There are ten persons appointed as " Select 
 Preachers," to supply the place of those who decline to preach in their 
 own turns. No one can be appointed until after the expiration of two 
 years from his admission to Regency as a Master of Arts, or of three 
 years from his admission to the degree of Bachelor of Civil Law. The 
 office is tenable for two years ; and no one can be appointed again until 
 after the interval of a year. 
 
 Bampton Lectures. — Eight " Divinity Lecture Sermons " are 
 preached on as many Sunday mornings in Term, upon matters of faith 
 and doctrine, the subjects of which are set forth in the will of the Rev. 
 John Bampton. The Lecturer, who must be at least a Master of Arts 
 of Oxford or Cambridge, is chosen yearly by the Heads of Colleges. 
 No one can be chosen a second time. The endowment now produces 
 £,200 to each Lecturer. 
 
 University Patronage. — Seven Benefices. 
 
SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 PRIZES. 
 
 The Chancellor's Prizes : Zatin Verse; Latin Essay ; English 
 Essay. — Three of £212 each for Composition in Latin Verse, Latin 
 Prose, and EngKsh Prose. The Prize for Latin Verse is confined to 
 those Members of the University who have not exceeded four years 
 from their Matriculation ; the other Prizes to those who have exceeded 
 four years, but have not completed seven. 
 
 Sir Roger Newdigate's Prize: English Verse. — £21 for an 
 English Poem. The competition limited to Members who have not 
 yet exceeded four years from Matriculation. 
 
 Ellerton Theological Essay. — ^21 for an English Essay "On 
 some doctrine or duty of the Christian Religion," or " On some of the 
 points on which we differ from the Romish Church," or " On any other 
 subject of Theology which shall be deemed meet and useful." 
 
 English Poem. — £90, awarded once in every three years, for an 
 English Poem on a sacred subject, consisting of not less than sixty nor 
 more than three hundred lines. Open to all members who, at the 
 time the subject is announced,- have passed the Examinations for the 
 degree of B.A. 
 
 Arnold Historical Essav. — £42 awarded yearly for an Essay 
 upon some subject of Ancient or Modern History. Open to all 
 Graduates of the University who have not exceeded the eighth year 
 from Matriculation. There are •also presents of books, upon the re- 
 commendation of the Judges, to meritorious, though unsuccessful, 
 Candidates. 
 
 Stanhope Historical Essay. — ;^2o to be given in books for an 
 Essay on some point of Modern History, Foreign or English, within 
 the period 1300 — 1815. Open to Undergraduates who have not 
 exceeded the sixteenth term from Matri^culation. 
 
 Gainsford Prizes: Greek Verse and Prose. — Two of ;£^i8 each. 
 The Verse Prize is given for a translation into any of the metres com- 
 monly used in dialogue by the tragic or comic Poets, or for a copy of 
 verses, either original or translated, in heroic or ekgiac metre ; t)ie 
 Prose Prize either for an original composition or a translation. Open 
 to Undergraduates who have not completed the seventeenth Term from 
 their Matriculation. 
 
 Johnson Memorial Essay. — ^£'40, once in four years, for an Essay 
 on some Astronomical or Meteorological subject ; not less tlian two years' 
 notice being given of the subject proposed. The value of the Prize 
 is given in a Gold Medal worth £\o los., and the surplus in money. 
 
 Hall and Hall-Houghton Prizes. — Four annually : one of ^30, 
 one oi £2^, one of ;^2o, and one of £15. The Examination for the 
 ^30 Prize is in the Scriptures of the New Testament, in respect of 
 translation, criticism, interpretation, 'inspiration, and authority. For the 
 ^25, in .the Septnagint Version of the Old Testament, in respect of its 
 relation to the Hebrew Scriptures, and to the Greek of the New Testa- 
 ment; for the ^20, in the Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles, in 
 respect of translation, criticism, and interpretation ; for the ^15, in such 
 book or books of the Septuagint as the Trustees may appoint. Candi- 
 dates for the ;£2o and £2^ Prizes must have completed their eighteenth 
 Term, and liave passed the Examinations for the Degree of B.A., but 
 
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 9 
 
 must not be of more than twenty-eight Terms' standing ; for the ;£\ 5 
 and £,20 Prizes Candidates must be of not more than eighteen Terms' 
 standing. There are minor gifts of money and books to deserving 
 Candidates. 
 
 Marquis of Lothian's Historical Essay. ^ — £,0,0 yearly for the best 
 Essay upon any point of Foreign History, whether secular or ecclesias- 
 tical, in the period between the dethronement of Romulus Augustulus 
 and the death of Frederick the Great. Open to all Members who have 
 not exceeded the twenty-seventh Term from Matriculation. The subject 
 for each year is to be decided by the Judges, who have the power to 
 give the Prize in eitker money or books. 
 
 International Law.' — A Prize [amount not ■ stated] for the best 
 Essay. Open to all Members who have not exceeded six years from 
 their Matriculation. 
 
 The Subjects of the Prize Compositions are given out by the Vice-Chancellor, 
 generally about Midsummer in each year ; and, at the same time, the several days 
 are stated by which tlie respective Compositions are to be sent to the Registrar. 
 Eacli writer is required to send in his Composition under a sealed cover,. and to con- 
 ceal his name, distinguishing his Composition by what motto he pleases, and sending 
 his name, under another sealed cover, with the same motto written on the outside. 
 Such portions of the successful Compositions for the Chancellor's, Newdigate, 
 Arnold, Stanhope, and the two Gainsford Prizes, as the Public Orator and the 
 Professor of Poetry appoint, are read each year in the Theatre at the Commemoration 
 of the Founders and Benefactors. Unsuccessful Compositiotis are left with the 
 Registrar, and may be received back through him. 
 
 DEGREEa 
 
 The Degrees conferred by the University are those of Bachelor and 
 Master of Arts, and of Bachelor and Doctor in Music, and in three 
 superior Faculties of Divinity, Civil Law, and Medicine. The con- 
 ditions required for Degrees are Residence, Time or Standing, Exa- 
 mination or Exercises, and, at the time of taking a Degree, certain 
 Declarations and the payment of Fees, beside the grace or consent of 
 the Candidates' College or Hall, and of Congregation, which depend 
 upon his conduct and character. 
 
 Residence for Degrees, — Twelve terms of Residence are required 
 for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, and for the position of Student of 
 Civil Law or Medicine. No further Residence is necessary for any 
 Degree. A Student Matriculated early in any Term may keep that 
 Term by Residence ; and, when he has completed the Residence 
 necessary for keeping his twelfth Term, he may be admitted B.A., 
 S.C.L., or S.M., in that twelfth Term, provided he has passed all 
 his Examinations. So "that a Student Matriculated, for example, in 
 October, 1872, in which case he can pass his final Examinations in his 
 eleventh and twelfth Terms, may become a Bachelor of Arts in. June or 
 July, 1875. 
 
 UNIVERSITY TERMS. 
 
 There are four Terms for academical exercises in each year, but for 
 many Professors' Lectures, and some other purposes, Easter and Trinity 
 Terms together count as only one. 
 
 I. Michaelmas Term begins on the loth of October, and ends on 
 
lo SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 the 17th of December. 2. Hilary (or Lent) Term begins on the 14th 
 of January, and ends on the day before Palm-Sunday, 3, Easter 
 Term begins on the Wednesday after Easter Day, and ends on the 
 Friday before Whit-Sunday. 4. Trinity (or Act) Term begins on the 
 day before Whit-Sunday, and usually ends on the Saturday after the first 
 Tuesday in July, but may be continued beyond that day by Con- 
 gregation. 
 
 If the day fixed for the beginning or end of any Term happen to be 
 a festival, the beginning or end of such Term is deferred till the day 
 after, except only that Easter Term in such case ends the day before. _ 
 
 Full Term begins on the Sunday after the first Congregation, that is, 
 on the Sunday after the first day of Term. 
 
 Michaelmas and Hilary Terms are kept by six weeks' residence in 
 each, Easter and Trinity Terms either by three weeks' in each, or by 
 forty-eight days' residence in the two Terms jointly. 
 
 TIME REQUIRED FOR DEGREES. 
 
 Arts. — For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts twelve Terms are re- 
 quired, which must be Terms of Residence. A Bachelor can proceed 
 to the Degree of Master in the twenty-seventh Term from his Matri- 
 culation, provided he has had his name on the Books of some College 
 or Hall for a period of twenty-six Terms. 
 
 Music. — No residence or academical standing is required for the 
 Degree of Bachelor of Music. A Bachelor wishing to proceed to the 
 Degree of Doctor must produce a certificate, signed by two or more 
 trustworthy persons, that he has been studying or practising Music, 
 whether at Oxford or elsewhere, for five years from his admission to his 
 present Degree. 
 
 Civil Law. — For the position of Student of Civil Law twelve Terms 
 are required, which must be of Residence. A Student of Civil Law, or 
 a Bachelor or Master of Arts, may be admitted to the Degree of 
 Bachelor of Civil Law in the twenty-seventh Term (or, if the Statutes of 
 his College require it, in the twenty-third) from his Matriculation. A 
 Bachelor of Civil Law may be admitted to the Degree of Master of 
 Arts in the twenty-seventh Term from his Matriculation, and yet retain 
 his former degree. A Bachelor of Civil Law may proceed to the 
 Degree of Doctor at the end of five years from his admission to the 
 Degree of Bachelor. 
 
 Medicine. — For the position of Student of Medicine twelve Terms 
 are required, which must be Terms of Residence. A Student of Medi- 
 cine, or a Bachelor or Master of Arts, or a Bachelor of Civil Law, may 
 be admitted to the Degree of Bachelor of Medicine in the twenty-eightjfi 
 Term from his Matriculation. A Bachelor of Medicine may be admitted 
 to the Degree of Master of Arts, and yet retain his former Degree. A 
 Bachelor of Medicine may proceed to the Degree of Doctor at the end 
 of three years from his admission to the Degree of Bachelor. 
 
 Divinity. — A Master of Arts may be admitted to the Degree of 
 Bachelor of Divinity at the end of three years from his admission to 
 Regency. A Bachelor of Divinity may proceed to the Degree of Doctor 
 at the end of four years from his admission to the Degree of Bachelor, 
 
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. \\ 
 
 EXAMINATIONS AND EXERCISES FOR DEGREES. 
 
 The following is a brief outline of the requirements made by the 
 Statutes of the University. Upon the Schools and dates of the Examina- 
 tions, the restrictions as to Terms, the forms to be previously comphed 
 with, and the Subjects for Examinations and Exercises . more in detail, 
 Students should consult their Tutors. 
 
 Arts. — Candidates for the Degree of B.A. are required to pass three 
 distinct Examinations, i. Responsionshtioxe. the Masters of the Schools. 
 2. The First Public Examination before the Moderators. 3. The Second 
 Public Examination before the Examiners. For the Responsions, every 
 Candidate must be examined in Latin and Greek Grammar, Latin Prose 
 Composition, one Latin and one Greek Author, Arithmetic, and either 
 Euclid or Algebra. First Public Examination. — Every Candidate must 
 be examined in Latin and Greek Grammar, either in Logic or Algebra, 
 together with three books of Euclid, in the four Gospels in Greek, and 
 in one Latin and one Greek author at the least, of which one must be a 
 poet, and the other an orator, and neither of which may be the same 
 with either of the two upon which he was examined for the Responsions, 
 unless he now brings in as many as four authors. Candidates for 
 Honours in Classics have to answer deeper questions in Philology and 
 Criticism, and to translate from English into Greek as well as Latin. 
 Their translations from Greek and Latin into English are to combine 
 elegance with accuracy. They may be required to write verses both in 
 Greek and Latin. The authors chosen by them must be chiefly poets 
 and orators, especially Homer and Virgil, Demosthenes and Cicero. 
 For the highest honours Logic is indispensable. The Mathematical 
 Examination is confined to Pure Mathematics. For the highest Honours, 
 all the ordinary parts up to Integral Calculus, and the Calculus of Finite 
 Differences inclusive. No one can obtain Honours in either School 
 after the end of his tenth term. There are three divisions of Honour in 
 each School, the names of the Candidates being placed alphabetically 
 in each division ; and the names of all the rest who pass the Examina- 
 tion are printed likewise. Second Public Examination. — ^There are five 
 Schools, namely. Classics, Mathematics, Natural Science, Law and 
 Modem History, and Theology. As a general rule, every Candidate is 
 required to pass the Examination in the Classical School, and also in 
 some one of the other four Schools. In the Classical School the Ex- 
 amination consists of passages set for translation into Enghsh, and for 
 construing, and of questions to be answered both on paper and orally. 
 In the Mathematical School every Candidate must be examined either 
 in the first six books of EucUd, or in the first part of Algebra. The 
 subjects of Examination for Honours range over Mixed as well as Pure 
 Mathematics. In the School of Natural Sciences every Candidate must 
 be examined in two out of these three branches of Natural Science, 
 Mechanical Philosophy, Chemistry, Physiology; and further, in some 
 one of the particular Sciences dependent on Mechanical Philosophy. 
 Candidates for Honours must be examined in the principles of all the 
 three branches of Natural Science named, and be well acquainted vvrith 
 some one of the particular Sciences that fall under one or other of them. 
 In the School of Law and Modern History, every Candidate must offer 
 himself for Examination either in English History from the Conquest to 
 
12 .SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 the Accession of Henry VIII., together with that part of English Law 
 which relates to Things Real, or in Enghsh History from the Accession 
 of Henry VIII. to the Death of William III., together with that part of 
 English Law which relates to Persons and Things Personal ; being at 
 liberty, however, to substitute Smith's " Wealth of Nations," or some 
 other approved work on Political Economy, together with the History 
 of British India for either portion of English History, and Roman Law 
 for either portion of English Law. For Honours, the subjects of 
 Examination are Modem History as far as the year 1789, and Juris- 
 prudence. Candidates must bring in one of the two portions of Enghsh 
 Law mentioned previoms'ly, or Roman Law, and they may bring both ; 
 those who do not bring both English and Roman Law must bring in 
 either International Law, or some approved work on Political Economy. 
 In the School of Theology, the subjects of Examinati&n are Holy Scrip- 
 ture, Dogmatic and Symbolic Theology, Ecclesiastical History, and 
 Patristic Theology, Evidences, Liturgies, and the Criticism and Archaeo- 
 logy of both Testaments. For the highest Honours, a good knowledge 
 of Holy Scripture and of Dogmatic Theology is required, and also of 
 some two others of the specified subjects. Even the lowest Honours 
 cannot be gained without a careful study of St. Paul's Epistles and 
 either Dogmatic Theology, or Ecclesiastical History, or Evidences, or 
 Hebrew. 
 
 Music. — Candidates for the Degree of B. Mus. are required to pass 
 two Examinations, and to compose a piece of Music. The first Examina- 
 tion is in Four-part Harmony ; the second, in Five-part Harmony, in the 
 History of Music, in the use of Musical Instruments, and in the form and 
 structure of the works of distinguished composers. Before any Candidate 
 can present himself for the second Examination, he must not only 
 produce the Testamur of having passed tlie first Examination, but must 
 also have submitted for the approval of the Examiners a piece of Music 
 in Five-part Harmony, with an accompaniment for at least five stringed 
 instruments, together with a written assurance that the music is of his 
 own composition. A Bachelor of Music wishing to proceed .to the 
 Degree of Doctor is required to pass an Examination -conducted wholly 
 in writing by the Examiners above-mentioned, and to compose a piece 
 of Vocal Music of eight parts, with an accompaniment for a full 
 Orchestra, which, when approved, is to be performed in public, and a 
 copy of it deposited in the Music School. 
 
 Civil Law. — No one may be admitted a Student in Civil Law until 
 he has passed all the Examinations required for the Degree of B.A. 
 Candidates for the Degree of B.C.L. must pass an Examination in the 
 Four Books of the Institutes of Justinian, or some part of them, and in 
 some work illustrative of the Science of Civil Law, which work the 
 Regius Professor may notify six months previously. A Bachelor of 
 Civil l,aw wishing to proceed to the Degree of Doctor is required to 
 read publicly within the precinct of the Schools, in the presence of the 
 Regius Professor, a Dissertation composed by himself on some subject 
 pertaining to Civil Law approved by the Professor, and to deUver to 
 him a copy of it. 
 
 Mkdicine. — No one may be admitted a Student in Medicine until 
 he has passed all the Examinations required for the Degree of B.A. 
 Candidates for the Degree of B.M. are required to pass two Examina- 
 
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 13 
 
 tions. The subjects of the first Examination are Human Anatomy and 
 Physiology, Comparative Anatomy, and Physiology to a certain extent, 
 and those parts of Mechanical Philosophy, Botajiy, and Chemistry 
 which illustrate Medicine. The subjects, of the- second Examination 
 are- the- Theory and Practice of Medicine- (including diseases of Women 
 apd Children),, the Materia Medica, Therapeutics, Pathology, the prin- 
 ciples, of Surge.ry and Midwifery, Medical Jurisprudence, and General 
 Hygiene-, Eve.ry Candidate at this second Examination is to be ex- 
 ajnjned in two of the ancient authors, Hippocrates, Aretaeus, Galen, and 
 Celsus, or in one, of those four, and in souje modem ajithor appointed 
 by thet Regius Professor.. Before a Candidate is admitted to the first 
 of these two Exaiminations, ho; must, have completed eight Terms from 
 the- date of his Testamur in one of the Schools at the Second Public 
 Examination for the degree of B..A., unless he was placed in the First 
 or Second Class in the School of Natural Science ;-, in which ease, if he 
 rece.ived from the Pu,bljc Exaniiners a special Certificate of his attain- 
 ments in Mechanical Philosophy, Chemistry, or Botany, he- may be 
 admitted tO: this Examination at once, and need not then be examined 
 again in any Science specified in such Certificate. Before a Candidate 
 is. admitted to the second Examination,, he must have completed sixteen 
 Terms from the,- date of the. same Testajnur, and two years from the date 
 of his Testamtir in the first Medical Examination, and must deliver 
 to the Regius Professor satisfactory Certificates of his attendance at 
 spme Hospital of good repute. No one from, any other University can be 
 incorporated as a Graduate in Medicine without passing these two 
 Exain.ina,tions. A Bachelor of Medicine wishing to proceed to the 
 Pegree of Doctor is required to read publicly within the precinct of 
 the. Schools, in the presence of the Regius Professor, ». Dissertation 
 composed by himself on sora,e Medical subject approved by the- Pro- 
 fessor, and to deliver to him a copy of it., 
 
 DiyiJsriTY. — A Candidate for the Degree of Bachelor of Divinity is 
 required to read two Dissertations before the Regius Professor in the 
 Divinity School upon subjects previousliy appointed by- the Professor. 
 No one can be admitted to the Degree without exhibiting his Letters of 
 Priest's Orders, or a Certifi.cate from, the Registrar of the. Diocese where 
 he was ordained., A Bachelor of Divinity wishing to proceed to the 
 Degree of Doctor is to read three exegetical Lectures upon portions of 
 the Holy Scripture. A Master of Arts who has completed fifteen years 
 from his admission to the Regency may, with the consent of Convo- 
 cation, take two Degrees in Divinity by accutnulation, doing the exer- 
 cises for one of the two only, whichever he may choose. 
 
 Method of Examining. — .Examinations are usually conducted partly 
 in writing, partly viva voce.. No Examiner may examine any Candidate 
 from his own College or Hall, nor one who has read with him as a 
 private Pupil within the preceding two years. In Music and in Medi- 
 cine the Examinations are in some respects practical. 
 
 Appointments. — In connection with the Examinations there are 
 several salaried appointments. Masters of the Schools, Moderators, 
 Examiners, &c. 
 
14 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 COLLEGES. 
 
 University College. — Said to have been founded in the year 
 872, by Alfred the Great. Restored by William of Durham, who 
 died in 1249, bequeathing a sum of money to provide a permanent 
 endowment for certain Masters. The Benefactors since that period 
 have been numerous. The present Foundation consists of a Master, 
 twelve Fellows, one Bye Fellow, and twelve Scholars, with certain 
 Exhibitioners. The Fellowships are open. There is a Civil Law Fellow- 
 ship, open to all Members of the University who have passed the 
 Examination for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts ; it is tenable for seven 
 years. The Scholarships are open, without regard to place of birth or 
 education, and are tenable for five years from election. Candidates, if 
 already Members of the University, must not have exceeded eight Terms 
 from their Matriculation. The emolument is jT^Zo per annum during 
 residence, including allowance for room rent. Of the Exhibitions, three 
 of the value of ;£so a year during residence are for persons educated 
 in the Grammar Schools of Wakefield, Pontefract, and Norman ton, in 
 the county of York. In failure of Candidates properly quahfied from 
 these Schools, the Exhibitions are for that term thrown open to general 
 competition. Four of ^£45 a year during residence are limited to 
 persons educated in the Grammar Schools of Rochester and Maidstone, 
 two to be elected from each. There are some smaller Exhibitions ; two 
 of them are for deserving persons who are in need of assistance. The 
 Exhibitions are in most cases tenable till the completion of eighteen 
 terms from Matriculation. The Patronage comprises ten Benefices. 
 
 Master, Rev. G. Granville Bradley, M.A. 
 
 Balliol College. — Founded by John Balliol, of Barnard Castle, 
 Durham, and Dervongilla, his wife (parents of John Balliol, King of 
 Scotland), about 1268. The revenues augmented by succeeding Bene- 
 factors. There are now eleven Fellowships and ten Scholarships on the 
 old Foundation ; ,the latter of about ;£7S a year, and tenable for five 
 years, open to Candidates under nineteen years of age, without regard 
 to the place of birth, residence, or education. Also five of ;£6o a year 
 for persons educated at Blundell's School, Tiverton, on the Foundation 
 of Mr. Blundell, one of which is to be filled up annually by Examination 
 at the School ; and three of j[,io a year, for three years, for encourage- 
 ment of the Study of Law and History, and of Natural Science, in order 
 to qualify Students for the professions of I^aw and Medicine respectively. 
 The College has also an Exhibition for natives, or those whose fathers 
 were natives of Scotland. There are ten Exhijjitions, the nominations 
 to which are vested in the Principal and Professors of Glasgow Univer- 
 sity, and the Election in the Master and Fellows of this College. Two 
 of these are annually filled by an Examination held at Glasgow ; they 
 are tenable for five years. Two Exhibitions of ;£ioo a year, tenable for 
 four years, one filled by competition among those Members of the 
 College who have not exceeded sixteen terms of academical standing. 
 Two of ;^6o a year during residence, tenable for five years, one annually 
 offered by the College for open competition among Candidates who 
 have not completed the eighth term from their Matriculation ; and others 
 
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 15 
 
 are offered from time to time. There are also Exhibitions connected 
 with Tiverton and Ludlow Schools. The Patronage includes nineteen 
 Benefices. 
 
 Master, Benjamin Joweit, M.A. 
 
 Merton College. — Founded in 1264 at Maldon, in Surrey, by 
 Walter de Merton, Bishop of Rochester, and Lord High Chancellor 
 of England. The original Foundation subsequently received other 
 benefactions, and the ancient Statutes have been modified. The 
 Foundation at present consists of a Warden, twenty-four Fellows, sixteen 
 Post-Masters,* four Scholars, and two Chaplains. In 1604, John 
 Chamber, Fellow of Eton, Canon of Windsor, left moneys for the 
 maintenance of two Post-Masters and one Fellow, to be elected from 
 the Foundationers of Eton. In 1753, Henry Jackson, sometime M.A. 
 of this College, and afterwards Canon of St. Paul's, founded four 
 Exhibitions. The restrictions that surrounded the ancient Foun- 
 dation being abolished, all the Fellowships are now open, without 
 reference to place of birth or education. In default of any Foundationer 
 of Eton approved for admission by the Warden and Fellows, the two 
 Post-Masterships are thrown open to persons educated for not less than 
 two years at Eton College, and ultimately to general competition. Four 
 Jackson Scholarships are open, without the ancient preference in respect 
 of place of birth or education. The library of Merton College is par- 
 ticularly rich in ancient MSS., and has a larger proportion of books in 
 the old " boards " of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries than any 
 Other collection of a similar size. The Patronage consists of twenty 
 Benefices. 
 
 Warden, Robt. Bullock-Marsham, D.C.L. 
 
 Exeter College.— Founded 1314, by Walter de Stapleton, 
 Bishop of Exeter. Augmented by subsequent Endowments. There are 
 fifteen Fellowships, without preference in respect of place of birth. 
 Candidates must have passed all the Examinations required by the 
 University for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts. The nomination to the 
 Chaplain Fellowship remains with the Dean and Chapter of Exeter. 
 There are twenty-two Scholarships. Of these, ten are open, ten are 
 limited to persons bom or educated in the Diocese of Exeter, and two 
 to persons born in any of the Channel Islands, or educated at Victoria 
 College, Jersey, or Elizabeth College, Guernsey. If no duly-qualified 
 Candidates present themselves the limited Scholarships may for the time 
 be thrown open. There are nine Exhibitions, some of which are open, 
 and others limited. The limited Exhibitions are reserved to persons 
 within the Archdeaconries of Nottingham and Lincoln, and to Eton, 
 Exeter, and Truro Schools. The Patronage consists of fifteen 
 Benefices. 
 
 Rector, John Prideux Lightfoot, D.D. 
 
 Oriel College, — Founded by Edward II. in 1326. Subsequently 
 enriched by various Benefactions. By a recent ordinance there are ten 
 
 * Originally Portionistse, but since called Post-Masters. 
 
i6 SOA'S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Scholarships, tenable for' five years; and four Exhibitions, called the 
 Exhibitions of Adam de Brome, tenable till the end of the twentieth 
 Term from Matriculation ; the value of each of these Scholarships and 
 Exhibitions (during residence) being £,%o per annum. Candidates for 
 these ExWbitiohs must be deserving persons in need of support at the 
 University ; to a Scholarship no one is eligible who has attaiiied the 
 age of twenty years, or who, being a member of the University, has 
 exceeded two years from Matriculation. The Foundation now consists of a 
 Provost, sixteen Fellows (besides the present Regius Professor of Modem 
 History), and ten Scholars.. There are also twenty-two Exhibitioners 
 and three Bibfe Clerks. The Patronage consists of fourteen Benefices. 
 
 Provost, Edward Hawkins,. D.D. 
 
 Queen's College. — Founded by Robert Eglesfield in 1340, 
 ChapLain- to- Queen Philippa, Queen of Edward III., from whom it is 
 called the Queen's College. Subsequent Foundations, have been con- 
 soKdated with the original. The Foundation now consists of a Provost, 
 nineteen Fellbws, fifteen Scholars, two Biblfe Clerks,,- and four Exhibi- 
 tioners. The election, of Fellows and Scholars is without regard to 
 place of birth, and takes place after an open competitive Examination. 
 The Scholarships are tenable for fiive years from the day of eliection, and 
 are of the annual value of not less than ^£75 each. The Bible Clerk- 
 ships are of the same annual value, and are tenablfe for the like period. 
 The Eglesfijeld Exhibitions are of the same value as the Scholarships 
 and Bible Clerkships, and are tenablie for four years. Ckndidates for 
 these Exhibitions must be natives of Westmoreland or Cumberland. 
 No one is eligible to a Scholarship or Eglesfield Exhibition who has 
 attained the age of twenty years. The Jodrell Scholarship is, at present 
 of the annual: value of ^ifioo, tenable for four years.. Candidates must 
 be natives of Great Britain or Ireland, members of the Church of Eng- 
 land, under twenty years of age, and if members of any University, of 
 not - more than three terms' standing. The Examination tests their 
 Classical' attainments, and their knowledge of Bible History, the Greek 
 Testament, and the Thirty-nine Articles. Where the proficiency is equal, 
 those Candidates are preferred who need pecuniary assistance. There 
 are Exhibitions in yearly value from £^20 ta £,()p, the eligibility to which 
 is generally limited to place of birth, and to Pupils from- certain Schools 
 in Cumberland, Westmoreland, or Yorkshire. Alt are tenable for five 
 years from the day of election. No one is eligible who has exceeded 
 the eighth Term from Matriculation. In default of preference Can- 
 didates, the competition is thrown open. The Patronage includes thirty- 
 four Benefices. 
 
 Provost, The Venerable Wm. Jackson, D.D. 
 
 New College. — Founded in 1386 by William of Wykeham, 
 Bishop of Winchester, and sometime Lord High Chancellor of England. 
 The original Foundation, modified by recent Statutes. As now con- 
 stituted there are thirty Fellowships and forty Scholarships. Fifteen of 
 the Fellowships are open to Candidates who have received education in 
 the School of Winchester College for at least two years, or who have 
 been for at least twelve Terms Members of New College. The other 
 
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 17 
 
 fifteen Fellowships are without limitation. Of the Scholarships, thirty 
 are filled up by an annual election held at Winchester College from 
 boys receiving education in the School of that College. Six Scholar- 
 ships are offered every year. Any Scholarship for which there is not a 
 qualified Candidate is thrown open to general competition. The other 
 ten Scholarships are to be open. All the Scholarships are at present of 
 ;!^ioo a year in value, tenable for five years. The Choir consists of 
 three Chaplains, eight Lay Clerks, and sixteen Choristers. The Patronage 
 consists of forty-one Benefices. 
 
 Warden, James Edwards Sewell, D.D. 
 
 Lincoln College. — Founded in 1427 by Richard Fleming, 
 Bishop of Lincoln, for a Rector and seven Fellows ; and greatly 
 augmented by Thomas Rotherham, Bishop of Lincoln, afterwards Arch- 
 bishop of York, and Lord High Chancellor of England, who added five 
 Fellawships, and gave a new body of Statutes in 1479, ™ which he 
 limited the' election of the Fellows to the (old) Dioceses of Lincoln and 
 York, with the exception of one to the Diocese of Wells. The above 
 limitations were abolished by authority of ParHament. The Scholarships 
 have been given by different Benefactors, the chief of whom were Lord 
 Crewe, Bishop of Durham, Richard Hutchins, D.D., and John Radford, 
 D.D., Rectors. One Scholarship for persons born or educated in the 
 county of Buckingham was founded in 1847 by Mrs. Tatham, widow of 
 Edward Tatham, D.D., Rector; and in 1857 the Rev. Henry Usher 
 Matthews, M.A., left by will certain moneys for the foundation of an 
 open Scholarship, and also of an Exhibition from Shrewsbury School, 
 each tenable for three years. The Foundation at present consists of a 
 Rector, twelve Fellows, and eighteen Scholars. The Patronage com- 
 prises nine Benefices. 
 
 Rector, Mark Pattison, B.D. 
 
 All Souls College. — Founded in 1437 by Henry Chichele, 
 successively Bishop of St. David's and Archbishop of Canterbury. The 
 original Foundation was for a Warden, forty Fellows, two Chaplains, and 
 Clerks. Ten Fellowships have been suppressed for the endowment of 
 two Professorships, called respectively the Chichele Professorship of 
 International Law and Diplomacy, and the Chichele Professorship of 
 Modern History. Candidates for Fellowships are to be examined in 
 such subjects recognised in the School of Jurisprudence and Modem 
 History within the University as the Warden and Fellows shall deter- 
 mine. The Patronage consists of eighteen Benefices. 
 
 Warden, Francis Knyvett Leighton, D.D. 
 
 Magdalen College. — Founded in 1458 by William of Wayn- 
 flete, successively Head Master of Winchester and Eton Colleges, 
 Provost of Eton, and Lord High Chancellor of England. The ancient 
 restriction of Fellowships to persons bora or educated in certain counties 
 and dioceses is abolished, and ten Demyships added. The Foundation 
 now consists of a President, thirty Fellows, forty Demies, a Schoolmaster, 
 an Usher, four Chaplains, a Steward, an Organist, eight Clerks, and 
 sixteen Choristers. Demyships hereafter to be filled up are to be tenable, 
 
 c 
 
1 8 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 without reference to place of birth, for five years. Twenty Exhibitions 
 are to be estabHshed for deserving persons in need of support at the 
 University ; and four Waynfleet Professorships are to be maintained 
 within the College. The Patronage includes forty-three Benefices. 
 
 President, Frederic Bulley, D.D. 
 
 King's Hall and Brasenose College.— Founded in 1509 by 
 the benefactions of William Smith, Bishop of Lincoln, and Sir Richard 
 Sutton, Knight, of Prestbury. The Foundation now consists of twenty 
 Fellowships, which, originally hmited, are now open, and numerous 
 Scholarships and Exhibitions, including six of the annual value of £,^^2 
 each, for the Schools of Manchester, Marlborough, and Hereford ;• four 
 of ;^36 8s.. each for Manchester School ; and twelve of similar value 
 for the above-mentioned School, all tenable for five years, unless vacated 
 by other preferment. In failure of Candidates from the above 
 Schools, these Scholarships are opened to general competition. Some 
 open Scholarships, of the value of jQZo per annum, have recently 
 been established. There are also seventeen Exhibitions, to which 
 Members of Brasenose College who have entered upon the thirteenth 
 Term from their Matriculation are capable of being nominated. These 
 Exhibitions can be held only by residence for four years, to be accounted 
 from the thirteenth Term. Their present worth is ;£i3S per annum, and 
 £,20 to be spent in books, to be approved by the Principal. Also three 
 Exhibitions, intended to promote the education for the Ministry of the 
 Church of England, the Sons of indigent or deceased Clerg)rraen ; or of 
 such Laymen as cannot, unaided, support the expenses of a College 
 education. Undergraduates of Brasenose, who have resided at least 
 one Term, are eligible ; and the Exhibitions are not tenable after four 
 years from Matriculation. The Patronage comprises fifty-three Benefices, 
 inclusive of those in the gift of Mr. Hulme's Trustees. 
 
 Principal, Edward Hartopp Cradock, D.D. 
 
 Corpus Christ! College. — Founded in 1516 by Richard Fox, 
 Bishop of Winchester and Lord Privy Seal, for a President, twenty 
 Fellows, and twenty Scholars, all to be elected from natives of certain 
 Dioceses and counties, and two Chaplains. By the present Statutes, 
 which have been amended under the powers given by Parliament, it is 
 provided that both Fellows and Scholars, which latter are increased ' to 
 twenty-four, shall be elected without any restriction as to place of birth. 
 Two of the Fellowships are permanently annexed to the Professorships, 
 the Professors occupying the position of Honorary Fellows, and being 
 elected by Boards appointed by University Statute. The Scholarships 
 are tenable for five years from Matriculation, and are of the annual 
 value of £^0, together with rooms rent free. The Patronage consists of 
 twenty-two Benefices. 
 
 President, James Norris, D.D. 
 
 Christ Church College.— Originally founded by Cardinal 
 WOLSEY. The Foundation subsequently underwent considerable modifi- 
 cations. It now consists of six Canons, eighty Students, of which number 
 twenty-eight are Seniors, with permanent tenure, and fifty-two Junior 
 
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 19 
 
 Students. Of the latter, three are to be elected each year from the 
 Westminster School, and hold their places for seven years. The remaining 
 Junior Scholarships are open, and are tenable for five years. The election 
 to vacancies is held on each second Saturday in Lent. The subjects of 
 Examination for at least one in every three are alternately Mathematics 
 and Physical Science. No one is ehgible who shall have passed his 
 nineteenth birthday on the first day of January preceding the election, 
 except in the case of the Physical Science Studentships, Candidates for 
 which must not have passed their twentieth birthday. The Patronage 
 comprises ninety-five Benefices. 
 
 Dean, Henry George Liddell, D.D. 
 
 Trinity College. — Originally founded and endowed by Ed- 
 ward III., Richard II., and the Priors and Bishops of Durham. 
 The new Foundation, in 1554, provided for a President, twelve Fellows, 
 and twelve Scholars. The Scholarships, at present fourteen, are 
 entirely open, and amount to ;^8o per annum, tenable for five years. 
 The fourteen Scholarships include two of the Exhibitions, and the Ex- 
 hibition in the gift of the Warden and Fellows of Winchester College 
 has not been filled up for many years. The Patronage comprises ten 
 Benefices. 
 
 President, Rev. Samuel William Wayte,- B.D. 
 
 St. John's College. — Founded in 1555 by Sir Thomas White, 
 Knt., Alderman of London. The Foundation consists of eighteen open 
 Fellowships, tenable for life, five open Scholarships, and twenty-eight 
 appropriated Scholarships, tenable for five or seven years, by persons 
 elected from Merchant Taylors' School, who shall not have attained the 
 age of nineteen, and from the other Schools who shall not have attained 
 the age of twenty at the time of their election, viz., twenty-one to 
 Merchant Taylors' School, two to Coventry, two to Bristol, two to 
 Reading, and one to Tunbridge. There is also an open Holmes 
 Scholarship, tenable for four years. In 1854 four Dudley Fereday 
 Scholarships were established ; they are open, with certain limitations 
 and conditions, in respect of literary proficiency — first, to the kindred 
 of the Founder ; secondly, to natives of Staffordshire ; and, there 
 being no Candidate satisfying the conditions, then to any other person, 
 being a member of the Church of England : tenable for fourteen 
 years. Also four Casberd Scholarships, each of the value of fyo per 
 annum, tenable for four years. Candidates to be Undergraduates, not 
 on any Foundation, of at least one year's standing at the College. The 
 Patronage consists of thirty-one Benefices. 
 
 President, Philip Wynter, D.D. 
 
 Jesus College. — Founded in 1571 by Queen Elizabeth, on 
 the petition and endowment of Hugh Price, LL.D.. The Foun- 
 dation at present consists of thirteen Fellowships, seven of which 
 are to be conferred upon persons born in Wales or Monmouthshire. 
 The remainder are open. A Fellowship, founded by Charles I., will, on 
 becoming vacant, be applied to the maintenance of Scholars, natives of 
 Guernsey and Jersey, or of one of the Islands adjacent to them ; or 
 
 c 2 
 
20 SONS AMD DAUGHTERS. 
 
 educated for the two years last preceding their election on Matriculation 
 at Elizabeth College, Guernsey, or at Victoria College, Jersey. One 
 Fellowship is devoted to the purposes of the Professoriate of the Uni- 
 versity ; and the emoluments of four suppressed Fellowships are applied 
 to augment the number and the value of the Scholarships. Twenty of 
 these are to be called Welsh Scholarships, and to be conferred upon 
 persons born in Wales or Monmouthshire; or educated, for the four 
 years last preceding their election or Matriculation, at one of the Free 
 Grammar Schools of Abergavenny, Bangor, Beaumaris, Bottwnnogg, or 
 Cowbridge. Two continue to be open Scholarships. There are nearly 
 thirty Exhibitions of £,i,o per annum, tenable for five years from Matri- 
 culation. The Patronage consists of twenty-two Benefices. 
 
 Prindfal, Charles Williams, D.D. 
 
 Wadham College.— Founded in 1613 by Nicholas Wadham, of 
 Merifield, in Somersetshire, and Dorothy his wife. The Foundation 
 consists of a Warden, fourteen Fellows, fifteen Scholars, two Chaplains, 
 and two Clerks. The Fellowships and Scholarships are open, without 
 preference as to kindred or place of birth, and vacancies are filled up 
 after a competitive Examination. Candidaites for a Fellowship must be 
 members of the Church of England, and have passed all the Exaipina- 
 tions required by th? University for the Pegre^ of B.A. The Scholar- 
 ships are open to Candidates who have not exceeded their twentieth 
 year, and are tenabk for five years. There are ten Exhibitions founded 
 by Dr. Hody ; four for the study of Hebrew, and six for the study of 
 Greek. The present value of each is ^£'45 per annum. The Exhibi- 
 tioners are examined once in every Term by the Regius Professors of 
 those languages. There are other small Exhibitions given by various 
 donors, including one for the study of Botany. But the greatest Bene- 
 factor of the College was the Rev. John Wills, D.D., formerly Warden, 
 who died in 1806, and left ;£9o a year for a Law Exhibition to a 
 Fellow ; ;£i8 a year for a Law Exhibition to a Scholar ; £^()o a year for 
 a Medical Exhibition to a Fellow ; ;£i8 a year for a Medical Exhibition 
 to a Scholar, besides' bequests to a fund for the Purchase of Livings. 
 The Patronage numbers fifteen Benefices. 
 
 Warden, Benj. Parsons Symons, D.D. 
 
 Pembroke College. — Founded in 1624 by King James L, 
 at the costs and charges of Thomas Tesdale, Esquire, of Glympton, 
 in Oxfordshire, and Richard Wightwick, B.D., Rector of Ilsley, 
 Berks. The original Constitution having been altered, the Foundation 
 now consists of a Master, of not less than ten Fellows, and not less than 
 twelve Scholars. The Fellowships are open to all who shall have passed 
 the Examinations for Bachelor of Arts, and who do not possess property 
 to the amount of ;£^S°° P^r annum, or a Benefice of £^yio per annum, 
 net. Subsequent acquisition of incomes of the amounts stated involves 
 the resignation of the Fellowship. A certain proportion of the Fellows 
 must be in Holy Orders. Two are to be named Sheppard Fellows. Of 
 these, one is to be called to the Bar, and the other is to proceed to the 
 Degree of D.M. Of the incorporated Scholarships, five at least are to 
 be filled up by persons educated at Abingdon School for the two years 
 
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 21 
 
 last preceding the day of election ; two are to be called King Charles 
 the First's Scholarships, and are to be filled by persons born in Jersey, 
 Guernsey, or the adjacent' Islands, or educated for the two years last 
 preceding the election in Victoria College or Elizabeth College. The 
 other incorporated Scholarships are to be perfectly open. The incor- 
 porated Scholars are to receive not less than j£,^o a year, and to enjoy 
 rooms rent free — the junior King Charles's Scholar excepted, who has to 
 pay rent. The unincorporated Scholarships are as follows : — Bishop 
 Morley's Scholarship, limited like King Charles's, of the value of ;^6o 
 a year, rooms free. One Holford Scholarship, to be conferred upon 
 Candidates on the Foundation of Sutton at the Charterhouse ; or, if two 
 Foundation Candidates are not sent up, then two frpm the open school. 
 A Boulter and a RadclifFe Scholarship, of the value of;^52 a year each, 
 perfectly open. One Rous Scholarship, limited to Students educated in 
 Eton College, for the two years last preceding the election, and nominated 
 by the Head Master. Four to be called the Townsend Scholarships, 
 limited to persons brought up, for the two years last preceding the 
 election, in the Schools of Gloucester, Cheltenham, Northleach, and 
 Chipping-Campden respectively. These will be not less than JE^'jo a 
 year in value. One Henney Scholarship, of about ;^9o a year, perfectly 
 open. The limited Scholarships are to be thrown open, if no suitable 
 Candidate offers himself. Two Exhibitions for Students requiring 
 assistance, but otherwise perfectly open. All the Scholarships are to 
 be tenable for five years, with the exception of the Townsend, which are 
 for eight years ; the holders, however, sharing in the emoluments during 
 four years only. Queen Anne annexed a Canonry of Gloucester to 
 the Mastership for ever. The Patronage comprises seven Benefices. 
 
 Master, Rev. Evan Evans, M.A. 
 
 Worcester College. — Founded in 1714 by Sir Thomas Cookes, 
 Bart., of Bentley, in Worcestershire, to whose Foundation other Bene- 
 factors subsequently contributed. The Fellowships will be ultimately 
 reduced to thirteen, and will be without restriction, except that Candi- 
 dates for the Eaton Fellowship must not be possessed of property, or 
 income, exceeding .;^iSo per annum, and must be sons of Clergymen 
 of the United Church of England and Ireland. There are sixteen 
 Scholarships of the value of about £,1^, tenable for five years from 
 Matriculation ; six on the Foundatiofi of Sir Thomas Cookes, for persons 
 educated at Bromsgrove School ; one on the Foundation of Dr. Finney, 
 for natives of Staffordshire ; five on the Foundation of Mrs. Sarah Eaton, 
 for sons of Clergymen of the Church of England who want assistance to 
 support them in the University ; three on the Foundation of Dr. Clarke, 
 which are open ; and one on the Foundation of Robert Barnes, Esq., 
 of the value of ;^i20, for the encouragement of Biblical studies, also 
 open. There will be four Exhibitions on the Foundation of Sir Thomas 
 Cookes, of the value of £\2, for persons educated at Bromsgrove 
 School ; and two Exhibitions from the Charterhouse ; and one by Mr. 
 Kay, for a native of Yorkshire. An Exhibition of the value of £,10 
 for four years is also given at present annually to a Candidate in the 
 University Local Examinations. The Patronage comprises ten 
 Benefices. 
 
 Provost, Richard Lynch Cotton, D.D. 
 
22 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Keble College. — The most recent Foundation in Oxford, incor- 
 porated by Royal Charter, June 6, 1870. By the Charter it is declared 
 to be founded and constituted with the especial object and intent of 
 providing " persons desirous of Academical Education, and willing to live 
 economically, with a College wherein sober living and high culture of 
 the mind may be combined with Christian training." 
 
 "The College is open to all members of the Church of England, without 
 restriction. It has been a primary obj ect of the Foundation that it should 
 be worked in the spirit of the system which has hitherto been in theory 
 that of Collegiate life in Oxford: and that through it the Church 
 of England should offer to her sons, whether their prospects be clerical 
 or lay, an education under her own auspices from which they may 
 come out not only 'more dutiful, but more affectionate members of her 
 communion." 
 
 Exhibitions. — ^Two Open Exhibitions have recently been founded, of 
 the value oi ;£6o and £,40 per annum respectively, tenable for three years. 
 The Exhibition of ;^6o will bear the name of Isaac Williams (Memorial) 
 Exhibition, having been raised by friends of the late Rev. Isaac Williams. 
 The Competition will be open to all persons not members of the Uni- 
 versity, to members of Keble College, and to Students unattached, who 
 have not exceeded one year from their Matriculation. These were 
 awarded on June 2. In 1872 there will be again an Isaac Williams 
 Exhibition, and probably one of £,/^o. 
 
 Fees. — The necessary College expenses of an Undergraduate are ;^8 1 per annum. 
 This payment includes board, rent of furnished rooms, tuition. University and College 
 dues. The only necessary extras are: — lights in the rooms, University fees, and 
 private virashing. There are no entrance fees beside the University Matiiculation Fee. 
 
 Warden, Rev. E. S. Talbot, M.A. 
 
 HALLS. 
 
 The Academical Halls of Oxford are mansions for the reception of 
 Students, who live in them under discipline and instruction, and pass 
 through the Course of Study to their several Degrees, precisely in the 
 same way as other Students who reside in Colleges. But Halls are not 
 corporate bodies, and have no endowments for Fellows, and all the 
 property which they own is held in trust for them by the University. 
 In two Halls some provision for the Principals has been made by Bene- 
 factors ; and there are three in which a few Exhibitions and Scholarships 
 have been founded. 
 
 In pursuance of the Oxford University Act, 1857, 17 & 18 Vict., a 
 Statute was made, which enacts that any Member of Convocation above 
 the age of twenty-eight may, under certain conditions, obtain from the 
 Vice-Chancellor a license to open a suitable building, as a Private- Hall 
 for the reception of Academical Students, with the title of " Licensed 
 Master," and makes provision for the proper Government of the Students 
 under his charge. They are, of course, subject to all other Statutes of 
 the University, partake iti its privileges, and the Students are admissible 
 to Degrees. 
 
 St. Mary Hall.-^Originally a tenement on the present site, given 
 by Henry Kelpe, a citizen of Oxford, in 1239, to the Rector of St. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 23 
 
 Mary's Church, and his successors. It continued to be the Parsonage- 
 house of the Rectors till Edward II., in 1325, gave the Church, with all 
 its appurtenances, to Oriel College. It was converted, in 1333, into a 
 separate place of education, and subsequently became an independent 
 Academical Hall, and received successive enlargements and improvements 
 in its buildings ; and it now enjoys several Benefactions. 
 
 The Scholarships are now four in number ; the stipend of each is 
 ;^5o per annum, tenable for four years from the day of appointment. 
 Those only are eligible as Scholars who have not attained the age of 
 twenty years, or exceeded the fourth Term from Matriculation, having 
 been born in, or for the three years ending with the 31st day of Decem- 
 ber last preceding the day of appointment resident in, or for the two 
 years ending with such 31st day of December educated at any School 
 or Schools in one of the counties of Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall. 
 At least one appointment is to be made every year. A Nowdl Exhibi- 
 tion, of the value of ;Qz° P^r annum, tenable for four years from Ma- 
 triculation ; preference being first given to kin of the Founder or his 
 wife, then to lawful descendants of the Rev. John Rawbone. 
 
 Principal, Rev. Drummond Percy Chase, M.A. 
 
 Magdalen Hall. — Founded by Bishop Waynflete. Four 
 Scholarships, of the present value of ^^40 per annum each, for persons 
 educated at the Worcester Cathedral School ; three open Scholarships, 
 of ;^So per annum each ; one open Scholarship, jQ^o per annum ; two 
 Exhibitions, in the appointment of the Principal. If the Candidates 
 from the Schools mentioned shall not, in the judgment of the Principal; 
 be of sufficient merit, the Scholarships and Exhibitions are to be thrown 
 open to general competition. All the Scholarships and Exhibitions are 
 tenable for three years. The Hall has the gift of one Benefice. 
 
 Principal, Rev. Richard Michell, D.D. 
 
 New Inn Hall. — In the time of th^ Civil War, from 1642 to 1646, 
 this Hall, which, under the name of Trilleck's Inn, had been known 
 prior to 1360, was used as a Mint for Charles I., to which different 
 Colleges and Halls sent their plate to be melted for his Majesty's use. 
 It was restored to the purposes of academical education by the late 
 Principal, Dr. Cramer, afterwards Dean of Carlisle, who erected, at his 
 own expense, a handsome building, with suitable offices, for the reception 
 of Students. 
 
 Principal, Rev. Henry Hubert Cornish, D.D. 
 
 St. Alban Hall took its name from Robert de St. Alban, a 
 citizen of Oxford, who conveyed the tenement to the nuns at Littlemore, 
 near Oxford, in 1230. On the dissolution of Littlemore nunnery it was 
 given by Henry VIII. to George Owen, D.M., Physician to the King, 
 and Fellow of Merton College, who conveyed it to Sir John Williams 
 and Sir John Gresham. By permission of Edward VI. they assigned it 
 over to John Pollard and Robert Perrot, Esqs., in 1547, by whom it was 
 finally transferred to the Warden and Fellows of Merton College, and 
 was some time after established as an Academical Hall. 
 
 President, Rev. William Charles Salter, M.A. 
 
24 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 St. Edmund Hall.— Said to derive its name from St. Edmund, 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, in the reign of Henry III. After the dissolu- 
 tion of religious houses it was granted by Henry VIH. to two citizens of 
 Oxford, through whom it came by purchase into the possession of 
 William Denyse, Provost of Queen's College. It was subsequently 
 devised to Queen's College, and in 1559 an Act of Congregation vested 
 in that Society the perpetual right of nominating the Principal. The 
 Chapel (together with the Library, which is over the Ante-Chapel) was 
 built by Stephen Penton, B.D., Principal, who defrayed a large portion 
 of the expenses. The Chapel was consecrated April 7, 1682, by Dr. 
 Fell, Bishop of Oxford. In 1763, George Holme, D.D., sometime 
 Fellow of Queen's College, and Rector of Hadleigh, bequeathed the 
 sum of ^1,000 to the Ufiiversity, in trust to apply it, with accumu- 
 lated interest, to the purchase of the Advowson of a Living, to which the 
 Principal of St. Edmund Hall should be presented. In 1821, the 
 Advowson of Gatcombe was purchased, to which the University first 
 presented in 1844. By a recent arrangement, members of this Hall are 
 admitted to any of the Lectures given in Queen's College. The total 
 annual expense of the University course at St. Edmund Hall varies from 
 about £,1Q to £,?>o. 
 
 Principal, Rev. Edward Moore, B.D. 
 
 Magdalen College School. — F-ounded by William of Wayn- 
 FLETE, Bishop of Winchester, about 1480. Remodelled in 1849 on the 
 plan of the great Public Schools. In the reign of Edward Vlr its sup- 
 pression was averted on the ground that " the said School is to Magdalen 
 College, Oxford, as Eton School to King's College, Cambridge, and the 
 School at Winchester to New College, Oxford." Is intended especially 
 as a place of training for the University, but prepares Pupils also for the 
 Woolwich and Civil Service Examinations. Is provided with Class- 
 rooms, Private Chapel, Chemical and Physical Laboratories, Fives 
 Courts, Play-ground, and Cricket-ground. Has numbered among its 
 Pupils some of the greatest Scholars of their time, including all the 
 English Compilers of the Eton Latin and Greek Grammars, and has 
 gained a large number of honours in the Oxford University. 
 
 Fees. — The Fees for Boarders and educational charges are precisely ;f8l los. 6d. 
 per annum, including Gymnastic and Library Fees. There are optional extras, such 
 as Music, Drawing, German, and Natural Science. £'i<x> a year covers all the expenses 
 of a Pupil as ordinarily paid through the Head Master. 
 
 " I am very proud of my Pupils, and I look upon them as reasonably answering the 
 expectations which are formed of them ; and have confidence in their proving useful 
 and in some cases eminent members of society. If this were not so, the Masters could 
 scarcely be ignorant of their defects, for we live in the immediate presence of a great 
 University, with its exalted standards of taste and of moral and intellectual culture, 
 and amid the critical eyes and ears of men well qualified to give an opinion. In fad, 
 it is our great and peculiar privilege that the good influences with which the whole 
 place is filled -are ready for the service and profit of the boys here. There may be 
 temptalioins peculiar to the place ; but I hope we are vigilant against these ; and that 
 the Magdalen boys know as little of the vices and follies incident to Undergraduate 
 life, as if they lived surrounded by the quiet cottages of a country village." — Speech 
 ef the Head Master. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. R. H. Hill, D.C.L. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 25 
 
 UNATTACHED STUDENTS. 
 
 In the year 1868 the restrictions which formerly existed were re- 
 moved, and Students are now permitted, under certain conditions, to 
 become Members of the Universities without being attached to any 
 College or Hall. Such Students keep their statutable residences in 
 houses or lodgings in the town, with the same rights of profiting by 
 Professors' Lectures, of competing for University Prizes, of attaining 
 distinction in the Public Examinations, and of being admitted to 
 Degrees, and to all the consequent privileges, as are enjoyed by other 
 Students. 
 
 Each Candidate is required to forward to the Censors, the Rev. G. 
 W. KiTCHiN, M.A., or the Rev. G. S. Ward, M.A., Office of the 
 Delegacy of Students, Old Clarendon Building, Oxford, at least one 
 week before the day appointed for the Examination (i), a testimonial of 
 good conduct and character; (2), a certificate that he has the consent 
 of his parents or guardians to his living in lodgings. 
 
 Paper issued by the Delegates to supply information respecting the 
 admission of Unattached Students, and the residence of Students in 
 lodgings at the University of Oxford : — 
 
 " Students can now be admitted members of the University without belonging to 
 any College or Hall. Such Students may keep terms by residing in Oxford, either 
 with their parents or in lodgings which have been duly licensed, or under other special 
 circumstances approved by the Delegacy of Lodging Houses. 
 
 " Persons who desire to be admitted to the University as unattached Students must 
 apply to the Delegates, who are bound to satisfy themselves that the Candidates are 
 of good character, that (unless of mature age) they have the consent of their parents or 
 guaijiians to their living in lodgings, and that they are persons likely to derive 
 educational advantage from becoming matiiculated members of the University. 
 
 " When a Candidate has satisfied the Delegates in Examination, he is matriculated 
 by the Vice-Chancellor, and he can then at once begin to keep terms. 
 
 " The Delegates exercise over these Students the same authority as is exercised by 
 the Heads of Colleges and Halls. 
 
 The Censors are required to watch over the conduct and character of the Students, 
 to satisfy themselves ttiat they are receiving instruction in the studies of the University, 
 and to see that, if Members of the Church of England, they are instructed in the 
 doctrine and discipline of that Church. 
 
 "The only necessary fees and dues to be paid by unattached Students are, upon 
 matriculation, £'^ ; Caution Money, j^2 ; Dues, £i, los. a year, for three years. These 
 payments entitle them to all the University advantages to which other undergraduates 
 are entitled. 
 
 " The lectures of the Professors are open to them on the same terms as to other 
 Students of the University. If they require further instruction they must procure it at 
 their own cost under the advice of the Censors. 
 
 " All Students of the University are required by the statutes to keep by residence 
 twelve terms before proceeding to the degree of Bachelor of Arts ; but these terms arc 
 not necessarily consecutive. 
 
 " Under the statute De Scholarium Residentia no Student can reside in any lodging 
 which has not been duly licensed, except by special permission of the Delegates of 
 Lodging Houses." 
 
 Instructions foe. Students. 
 
 1. At the beginning of his residence, each Student is expected to call on the 
 Censors, whose names have been previously given, at the Office of the Delegates, and 
 to receive directions from them respecting his studies. 
 
 2. The usual residence of Students is not less than eight weeks in each of the 
 Michaelmas and Lent Terms, and eight in the Easter and Trinity Terms taken 
 together ; this residence must be within dates fixed by the Delegates. If any Student 
 desires to reside a shorter period in any Term ; or to be entirely non-resident for a 
 
26 SONS AMD DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Temi ; or to reside during any vacation ; he must obtain the previous permission of 
 the Delegates. 
 
 3. The Students, immediately on their arrival in Oxford in each Term, are expected 
 to call on the Censors at their Office (between the hours of 9.30 and 11.30 a.m.) to 
 report themselves, and again at the end of each Term to obtain leave to go down. 
 
 UNIVERSITY FEES AND DUES. 
 
 Students are required to pay Fees to the University, and such pay- 
 ments are usually made through the Principal of the College or Hall to 
 which the Students have become attached, 
 
 At Matriculation a Bible Clerk pays .... 
 
 Every other person, if attached to some College or Hall 
 Every unattached Student ..... 
 
 At Responsions Examination ..... 
 
 Before Moderators ...... 
 
 In the Rudiments of Faith and Relifjion, at the Second Pubhc \ i q o 
 
 Examination for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts . . / 
 
 Also in any School at ditto . . . . . o 10 o 
 
 In Music (at each of the two Examinations), in CivU Law, and \ j g o 
 
 in Medicine . . . . . . . ) 
 
 After passing both Examinations in Medicine or in Music . goo 
 
 Before admission to the position of Student of Common Law, } v 10 o 
 
 or Student of Medicine, or to the Degree of B.A. . .)' 
 
 IfS.C.L. or S.M. . ' . . . . .200 
 
 Degree of Master of Arts . . . . .1200 
 
 Degree of Bachelor of Music . . . . .500 
 
 Degree of Doctor of Music . . . . . lo O o 
 
 Degree of Bachelor of Civil Law or Bachelor of Medicine . 6 10 o 
 Degree of Bachelor of Divinity . . . . . 14 o. o 
 
 Degree of Doctor of Civil Law, Doctor of Medicine, or Doctor 1 
 
 of Divuiity . . . . . . .J 
 
 j^O 10 
 
 
 
 2 10 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 40 o 
 
 Besides the Fees and Dues to the University specified in this Table, each Student 
 has to pay others to his College or Hall. Every Member of the University is charged, 
 in the Buttery Book of his College or Hall, with £1 yearly as University Dues.- Every 
 Student not attached to any CpUege or Hall is charged with the sum of ^4 los. yearly 
 for three years. The total cost of a career at the University, including College or 
 Hall Fees and Expenses, may range from ;f 250 to ;f 400 ; but in certain cases may 
 fall considerably below these amounts. 
 
 COLLEGE FEES AND EXPENSES. 
 
 As already stated, the University and College o.r Hall expenses for 
 the usual period of three years may range from ;£2 5o to ^£'400, or an 
 average of about £85 to £133 per annum. The Scholarships, Exhi- 
 bitions, and Prizes may be regarded as so many aids to necessitous 
 Students in the reduction of the cost of their University career. But as 
 they can only be gained by meritorious competitors, they cannot be 
 taken into account in the outset. The expenses at different Colleges 
 vary, not only as between the Colleges themselves, but various degrees 
 of expenditure may be incurred by Students being educated at the 
 same time in the same College. The entrance payments, rent of rooms, 
 and fees to Tutors and Lecturers, are variable. As a rule the Colleges 
 do not publish their scale of charges in the Calendar. Therefore, in 
 selecting a College, it is necessary to make inquiry of the Principal, or 
 of some Professor or Tutor, acquainted with the usages of the institution 
 preferred. The proper officer to apply to for information is the Warden, 
 Rector, Provost, Principal, or Master, whose name is given. 
 
UNIVERSITY OS OXFORD. 27 
 
 In an address presented to the Oxford Hebdomadal Board, a few 
 years ago, the following passage occurred : — 
 
 " Considerable efforts have lately been made in this country for the diffusion of 
 civil and spiritual knowledge, whether at home or abroad. Schools have been insti- 
 tuted for the lower and middle classes, Churches built and endowed, Missionarj' 
 Societies established, further Schools founded, as at Marlborough and Fleetwood, for 
 the sons of poor Clergy and others ; and, again, Assoeiations for the provision of 
 additional Ministers. But between these Schools on the one hand, and, on the other, 
 the Ministry, which requires to be augmented, there is a chasm which needs to be 
 filled. Our Universities take up education where our Schools leave it, yet no one can 
 say that they have been strengthened or extended, whether for clergy or laity, in 
 proportion to the growing population of the country, its increasing empire, or its 
 deepening responsibilities. We are anxious to suggest, that the link which we thus 
 find missing in the chain ofimprovevient should be supplied^ hy rendering academical 
 education accessible to the sons of parents whose incomes are too narrow for the scale 
 of expenditure at present prevailing among the Junior Members of the University 
 of Oxford ; and that this should be done through the addition of new departments to 
 existing Colleges, or, if necessary, by the foundation of new Collegiate bodies. We 
 have learned, on what we consider unquestionable information, that, in such institu- 
 tions, if the furniture were provided by the Colleges, and pubHc meals alone were 
 permitted, to the entire exclusion of private entertainments in the rooms of the 
 Students, the annual College payments for board, lodging, and tuition, might be 
 reduced to £(iO at most ; and that, if frugality were enforced as the condition of 
 membership, the Student's entire expenditure might be brought within the compass 
 of ;^8o yearly." 
 
 In accordance with the spirit of these recommendations, St. Mary, 
 St. Alban, and St. Edmund Halls, and the newly-established Keble 
 College, have brought their annual charges within the limits of a very 
 desirable economy. The following are the details of the plans of the 
 three Halls. Those which relate to Keble College have been already 
 given : — 
 
 St. Mart Hall. 
 
 The Principal, having determined not to admit, in future, Members of other 
 Societies, wishes to place twenty Sets of Rooms at the disposal of Gentlemen willing 
 to adopt a strictly frugal scale of expenses. 
 
 Fee, to the Hall, on Entrance ..... £<^. 
 The annual payment, including all expenses (excepting for Coals and Candles, and 
 the Laundress's Bills), will be fixed at ;f 75 ; or, if Rooms ready furnished are pre- 
 ferred, at ;^8o ; for a Residence of 24 weeks. 
 
 The payment of one-third of these charges at the commencement of each Term 
 (reckoning Easter and Act Term as one) will render the deposit of Caution Money 
 unnecessary. 
 
 If such payment be not made, a sum of ^.f 30 will be requu-ed as Caution Money, to 
 be deposited before the commencement of Residence. 
 The Caution Money will be returned by Instalments, viz. 
 
 On taking the Degree of B. A. ..... ^10 
 
 M.A ^10 
 
 Or the whole sum remaining due, on the removal of the Name from the Books of the 
 Hall. 
 
 The £%o is thus apportioned : 
 Tuition ........ £20 
 
 Rent of Furnished Rooms ..... 15 
 
 Battels, for 24 weeks ...... 27 
 
 Servants, and other Establishment charges . . . 18 
 
 /80 
 
 St. Alban Hall. 
 
 In 1861 the Principal, desirous both of discharging the obligations which he con- 
 ceived had been contracted to the existing Members of the Hall, and at the same time 
 of departing as little as possible from the low scale of expenses hitherto maintained, 
 
28 
 
 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 resolved to include all the necessary charges under a fixed quarterly payment of 
 ;^I5 15s., allowing, however, a slight margin for certain additional expenses which 
 might or might not be incurred, according to the habits and circumstances of each 
 Member. 
 
 Sti Edmund Hall. 
 The system adopted at St. Edmund Hall is precisely similar to that in common use 
 in the Colleges of Oxford and Cambridge-. Greater economy is attained by a lower 
 scale of Fees for tuition, Room, R ent, &c. 
 
 I. Entrance Expenses. 
 
 Entrance Fee to the Hall % . i 
 
 Matriculation ditto to the University 
 *Caution deposit (afterwards returned) 
 fFurniture (on an average) about 
 
 Total 
 
 II. ANNtJAL Expenses. 
 Battels average 
 Groceries 
 Lights 
 
 Extra to Domus fund 
 Laundress 
 
 . /2 IS 
 
 6 
 
 2 10 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 . £1% 5 
 
 6 
 
 ■ £7i 
 
 
 
 5 ° 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 2 7 
 
 
 
 3 10 
 
 
 
 • /8S 17 
 
 u 
 
 )URSE. 
 
 • ^2 IS 
 
 6 
 
 2 10 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 . 222 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 10 10 
 
 
 
 4 9 
 
 
 
 7 10 
 
 
 
 .;628l 14 
 
 () 
 
 Total 
 HI. Aggregate Expenses of University Course. 
 
 Entrance Fee (to the Hall) 
 Matriculation Fee (to the University) 
 fFurniture, about ;f 16, of this is lost by wear and tear 
 Battels for three years, at ;^74 . 
 Groceries and Lights , , 
 Extra payment to Domus 
 Laundress .... 
 Degree Fees (to the Hall) . 
 (to the University) 
 
 Total 
 
 Unattached Students. 
 A voluntary return made by twenty Students answers the Question so often asked, 
 " Wliat is the yearly cost of the system to a careful Undergraduate ? " 
 
 The average weekly cost of living (board, lodging, and ejttras) on the twenty 
 returns was 31s. But if the lowest ten be taken, the average falls tb 26s. In detail, 
 the returns of these ten were — 23s. 6d. ; 23s. gd. ; 24s. ; 24s. ; 25s. ; 26s. ; 26s. ; 
 28s. 6d. ; 29s. ; 30s. 
 
 Taking this average as the sum per week for which a thrifty Student can get 
 respectable Board and Lodging in Oxford, we arrive at the following figures for a 
 year's expenses :— 
 
 Board and Lodging for three Terms of eight weeks at 26.f. ^^31 4 o 
 Univereity Dues . . . . ■ . 4 10 o 
 
 Examination Fees (on the average) . . . t I o 
 
 Tuition expenses (about) . . . . . 10 10 o 
 
 ;^47 S o 
 It will of course be observed that these figures, whether relating to the expenses 
 of College, Hall, or Unattached Students, do not include travelling, books, clothes, 
 jjocket-money, or cost of living in the Vacations. Still, they prove that a careful 
 Student can, with these exceptions, get through his Oxford career for a sum not 
 exceeding £$0 a yean 
 
 • Reduced to ;£'I0 at the M.A. Degree, and returned, without reduction, on 
 removal of the name from the books of the Hall. 
 
 f In great part repaid by the next occupant of the rooms. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 29 
 
 OXFORD UNIVERSITY LOCAL EXAMINATIONS. 
 
 The University holds Local Examinations annually in May or 
 June. The Objects are : to extend to Pupils of Schools, and others 
 unable to go to the University, the advantages of — i. A Test of 
 acquirements in relation to certain Courses of Study. 2. An authorita- 
 tive recognition of attainments, from the Vice-Chancellor of the Uni- 
 versity, in the case of successful Candidates. 3. The chance of 
 obtaining a Scholarship, and thus being able to reach University 
 Honours, where pecuniary impediments would otherwise have tendered 
 that impossible. The Scholarships offered in 187 1 were £,']o from 
 Worcester College, and two of;£5oeach from BalHol ; and there are 
 numerous open Scholarships and Exhibitions, in connection with the 
 Colleges of the University, which may be competed for by Candidates 
 who display a satisfactory proficiency. In 1869 the Worcester Scholar- 
 ship of ;£7o was gained by the Son of very humble parents, who is now 
 in a fair way to take a high Degree. Examinations are extended to 
 Schools, under certain regulations ; and the advantage to Educational 
 Institutions is very great, as furnishing a periodical Test of acknow- 
 ledged worth ; as a means of inciting Pupils to work ; and promoting 
 a laudable emulation in the Schools that adopt the annual Examina- 
 tions^ There are annually two Examinations — one for Junior Candi- 
 dates, for CertificaUs ; and one for Senior Cjindidates, for the Title of 
 Associate in Arts. Girls may be Examined at any School or place 
 where Boys are Examined, under certain conditions. The Candidates' 
 Certificates and Prizes are generally distributed publicly by some 
 eminent man, which, while it confers distinction upon the successful 
 Candidates, tends greatly to rouse the Students to an appreciation of 
 the honour thus gained by a proper estimate of the value of their 
 Studies, and a desire to excel in them. In the various Local Centres 
 numerous Prizes are awarded 9.S the gifts of Benefactors desiring to 
 promote educational improvement in their respective localities. No 
 Junior Candidate must be more than ff teen years of age, nor any Senior 
 Candidate more than eighteen. The following Examination Papers, for 
 the year 1872, indicate the amount of proficiency that must be arrived 
 at by the respective Candidates : — 
 
 EXAMINATION OF JtTNIOR CANDIDATES. 
 I. Preliminary Subjects. 
 
 Every Candidate will be required to satisfy the Examiners in 
 
 1. Reading aloud a passage from some English author. 
 
 2. Writing from Dictation. 
 
 3. The Analysis and Parsing of a passage taken from Milton's " Paradise Lost," 
 
 Book II. A few questions, suggested by this portion of the Poem, will be 
 added. 
 
 4. Writing a short English Composition, such as a description of a place, an account 
 
 of some useful natural or artificial product, or the like. 
 
 5. Arithmetic. — Numeration, the first Four Rules, simple and compound, Reduc- 
 
 tion, Vulgar and Decimal Fractions, and the Single Rule of Three. 
 
 6. Geography. — Every Candidate will be required to answer Questions on this 
 
 subject, and to fiU up an outline Map of England and Wales, Scotland, 
 Ireland, France, the German Empire, or Turkey in Europe, by inserting the 
 chief mountains, rivers, divisions, and towns. 
 
 7. The outlines of English History, including the succession of Sovereigns, the 
 
 chief events, and some account of the leading men in each reign. 
 
30 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Every Candidate will be required to satisfy the Examiners in two at least of the 
 following eight subjects, namely, the Rudiments of Faith and Religion, and the 
 seven Optional Subjects, Latin — Chemistry ; but no Candidate will be examined in 
 more than five. 
 
 II. The Rudiments of Faith and Religion. 
 
 Questions will be set in 
 
 1. The Books of Joshua, Judges (i. — xviii.), and the Gospel according to St. Mark. 
 
 2. The Catechism, the Morning and Evening Services, and the Litany. 
 
 No Candidate will pass in the " Rudiments of Faith and Religion " who does not 
 satisfy the Examiners in each of the two portions of the Section. 
 
 All Candidates wUl be examined in both portions, unless their Parents or Guardians 
 object on conscientious grounds ; and all persons so examined must show at least 
 some knowledge of each portion, even if they fail to show so much as will satisfy the 
 Examiners ; otherwise they cannot obtain Certificates, whatever may be the value of 
 their work in other subjects. 
 
 Candidates on whose behalf the Section is declined may pass in Holy Scripture 
 only, by showing a satisfactory knowledge of the first portion of the Section, and may 
 count it as one of their two required subjects. 
 
 in. Optional Subjects. 
 
 I. Latin. — Passages will be given from Caesar (Bell.'Gall. L, II.) and from Virgil 
 (.^n. VI.) for translation into English, with grammatical and general questions. 
 Candidates may take either of the two authors, or botli. 
 
 An easy passage from some other Latin author for translation into English. 
 
 A passage of English (with Latin words supplied) for translation into Latin. 
 
 i. Greek. — Passages will be given from Xenophon (Anabasis, Book II.) and from 
 
 Homer (Iliad I.) for translation into English, with grammatical and 'general 
 
 questions. Candidates may take eithijr of the two authors, or both. 
 
 An easy passage from some other Greek author for translation into English. 
 
 3. French. — A passage will be given from " Bertrand du Guesclin," by Emile de 
 
 Bonnechose (in Hachette's " S^rie a I franc le volume ") for translation into 
 English, with grammatical and general questions. A passage from a French 
 Newspaper for translation into English. English sentences for translation into 
 French. 
 
 4. German. — A passage will be given from Schiller's Ballads (Der Kampf mit dem 
 
 Drachen, Die Kraniche des Ibykus, Das Eleusische Fest, Der Graf von Hafs- 
 burg) for translation into English, with grammatical and general questions. 
 A passage from a German Newspaper for translation into English. English 
 sentences for translation into German. 
 
 5. Mathematics. — No Candidate will pass in this subject who does not show a fair 
 
 knowledge of Euclid, Books I. and II. (or of the portion of Geometry treated 
 therein), of Arithmetic, and of Algebra to Simple Equations inclusive. 
 
 Questions will also be set in Euclid, Books III., IV., VI. (or in the portion 
 of Geometry treated tlrerein), in Quadratic Equations, Progressions, and Pro- 
 portion, Plane Trigonometry not beyond the Solution of Triangles, the use of 
 Logarithms, and Mensuration. 
 
 The answers should be illustrated by diagrams, where these canbe introduced. 
 
 6. Mechanics and Mechanism. — The Questions will be of an elementary character, 
 
 extending, in Statics, to the Composition and Resolution of Forces, the deter- 
 mination of the Centre of Gravity in simple cases, and the Mechanical Powers ; 
 in Dynamics, to Impact and Colhsion, the Motion of Falling Bodies, and 
 Attwood's Machine; in Hydrostatics, to the Pressure of Fluids, and the 
 ordinary Hydrostatical and Pneumatical Instruments. 
 
 The answers should be illustrated by diagrams, where these can be introduced. 
 
 7. Chemistry. — Questions will be set on the elementary facts of Chemistiy. Sub- 
 
 stances wiU be given to be tested, each containing not more than one acid and 
 one base. 
 
 IV. Candidates may also offer themselves for examination in 
 
 1. a. Drawing from the Flat. ' 
 i. Drawing with light and shade from a Cast or Model. 
 
 2. The Grammar of Music. 
 
 The names of the successful Candidates will be published, airanged in three 
 Divisions ; those in the first Division will be placed in order of merit ; those in the 
 
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 3[ 
 
 second and third Divisions alphabetically. Certificates will also be issued to the 
 successful Candidates, specifying the subjects in which they satisfied the Examiners, 
 and the Division in which their names are placed. 
 
 EXAMINATION OF SENIOR. CANDIDATES. 
 
 I. Preliminary Subjects. 
 
 Every Candidate will be required to satisfy the Examiners in 
 r. English Grammar, '\a.<i\xiava% Analysis of sentences. 
 
 2. A short English Composition. 
 
 3. Arithmetic. 
 
 4. Geography. — Every Candidate wiU be required to answer Questions on this sub- 
 
 ject, and to fill up an outline Map of some portion of Europe, to be specified 
 by the Examiners, by inserting the chief ranges of mountains, rivers, divisions, 
 and towns. 
 
 5. The outlines of English History, including the succession of Sovereigns, the 
 
 chief events, and the characters of the leading men in each reign. 
 Every Candidate will be required to satisfy the Examiners either in the "Rudi- 
 ments of Faith and Religion " and one of the Sections marked B, C, D ; or in two of 
 the Sections marked A, B, C, D. 
 
 II. The Rudiments of Faith and Religion. 
 
 Questions will be set in 
 
 1. The Books of Joshua, Judges (i. — xviii.), the Gospel according to St. Mark, and 
 
 the Acts of the Apostles ; 
 
 2. The Catechism, the Morning and Evening. Services, and the Litany; and the 
 
 outlines of the History of the Book of Common Prayer. 
 
 Some of the questions will relate to the Greek text of the portions of the New 
 Testament here selected. The oth^r conditions in this Section are the same as 
 for Junior Candidates. 
 
 III. Optional Subjects. 
 
 section a.-:— ENGLISH. 
 
 This will include Questions in 
 
 1. English History from the accession of Henry VII. to the death of Elizabeth, 
 
 and the outlines of the History oi English Literature during the same period. 
 
 2. Shakspeare's " Merchant of Venice," and Bacon's " Essays." 
 
 3. The outlines of Political Economy TcaA English Law. The Examination will 
 
 not extend beyond the subjects treated of in the first book of Smith's "Wealth 
 of Nations," and in the "Rights of Persons " in Blackstone's Commentaries. 
 
 4. Physical, Political, and Co7n7nercial Geography. No Candidate will pass in 
 
 this Section who does not show a fair knowledjje of one of these four classes 
 of subjects. 
 
 section B. — LANGUAGES. 
 I. Latin. 2. Greek. 3. French. 4. German. 
 
 No Candidate will pass in this Section who does not show a fair knowledge of one 
 of these languages. 
 
 Opportunity will be given for showing more advanced scholarship in Latin and in 
 Greek, and also knowledge of Roman and Greek History. 
 
 SECTION C. — -MATHEMATICS. 
 
 Pure Mathematics to Algebraical Geometry inclusive. Mechanics (including Mecha- 
 nism), and Hydrostatics. 
 
 No Candidate will pass in this Section who does not show a fair knowledge of Four 
 Books of Euclid (or of the portion of Geometry treated therein), and of Algebra to 
 the end of Quadratic Equations. 
 
 The answers should be illustrated by diagrams, where these can be introduced. 
 
 Section D. — Physics. 
 
 1. Electricity, Magnetism,, Light, and Heat. 
 
 2. Chemistry. Questions will be set on the facts and general principles of Chemical 
 
 Science. There will be a practical examination in the elements of Analysis. 
 
 3. Vegetable and Animal Physiology. 
 
 4. GeolQgy and Mineralogy. 
 
32 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 No Candidate will pass in this Section who does not show a fair Icnowledge of one 
 of these four classes of subjects. In all cases a practical acquaintance with the subject- 
 matter will be indispensable. 
 
 The answer should be illustrated by diagrams and drawings, where these can be 
 introduced. 
 
 Candidates may also offer themselves for examination in Drawing and in Music. 
 
 Section E. — Drawing. 
 
 1 . Draining from a. cast or model. 
 
 2. Drawing in perspective. 
 
 3. Drawing in colour from a natural object.. 
 
 4. Design for an ornament or pattern ; or, for a picture. 
 
 Section F. — Music. 
 The Grammar of Music, and the History and Principles of Musical Composition. 
 
 Separate lists of those who distinguish themselves will be published for each of the 
 Sections A, B, C, D, E, F, arranged in two Divisions. The names in each First 
 Division will be placed in order of merit, those in each Second Division alphabetically. 
 
 The names of all the successful Candidates will- also be published in one list, 
 an-anged in three Divisions, the First Division in order of merit, the Second and 
 Third alphabetically. 
 
 Certificates, signed by the Vice-Chancellor, will also be issued to the successful 
 Candidates, conferring the title of " Associate in Arts," and specifying the subjects in 
 which they satisfied the Examiners, and the Division or Divisions in which their names 
 are placed. 
 
 Candidates will be examined in Oxford, and in such other places as the Delegates 
 may appoint) 
 
 There are Printed Forms, on which Candidates are to make aj^lication. The 
 Forms for Junior and Senior Candidates are distinct. 
 
 For examination IN Oxford the B'orms may be obtained from the Rev. S. 
 Edwardes, Merton College, Oxford. For the following places the same Forms 
 may be obtained from the respective Local Secretaries, whose names are sub- 
 joined ; from whom also copies of the Regulations for the current year and other 
 necessary information may be procured. Girls may be received for Examination in 
 Oxford and at those Centres wliich are marked with * : — 
 
 *«-- (^^^) [h: i'paSn'.l:^:: } ^-WhaH, Bath. 
 
 (Girls) iftrs. Spender, 37, Gay Street, Bath. 
 
 Birmingham C. T. Saunders, Esq., 41, Cherry Street, Birmingham. 
 *Brighton . . . Barclay Phillips, Esq., 75, Lansdowne Place, Brighton. 
 ♦Cheltenham (Boys) H. M. Jeffery, Esq., The Grammar School, Cheltenham. 
 (Girls) Mrs. Jex-Blake, i, Suffolk Square, Cheltenham. 
 
 Exeter F. Pollard, Esq., i, Upper Paul Street, Exeter. 
 
 FiNCHLEY . . . Rev. T. C. Whitehead, Christ's College, Finchley, N. 
 
 *Leeds H. H. Sales, Esq., 5, Victoria Chambers, Leeds. 
 
 ♦Lincoln Rev. J. Mansell, Vicars' Court, Lincoln. 
 
 ♦Liverpool . . . (Boys) E. F. Evans, Esq., 44, San Domingo Vale, Everton. 
 (Girls) Miss M. Calder, 49, Canning Street, Liverpool. 
 
 ♦London (Boys) R. Redmond, Esq., 42, Queen Square, Bloomsbury. 
 
 (Girls) Mrs. H. J. Roby, 68, St. George's Road, S.W. 
 ♦Manchester . (Boys) Dr. H. J. Marcus, Hope Lodge, Heaton Non-is. 
 
 (Girls) Rev. Canon Beechey, Worsley Vicarage, Manchester. 
 
 Northampton Rev. C. Cookson, Dallington Vicarage, Northampton. 
 
 Nottingham W. T. Robertson, Esq., M.D., Clinton House, Nottingham. 
 ♦Ramsgate . . . Rev. F. G. Haslewood, LL.D., 2, Grosvenor Villas, Ramsgate. 
 ♦Southampton Rev. Alfred Sells, Polygon House, Southampton. 
 ♦Streatham Hill B. Hawkins, Esq., St. Anne's School, Streatham Hill, S.W. 
 
 Swansea .... J. Williams, Esq., M.D., 13, Cradock Street, Swansea. 
 ♦Taunton. . . . W. A. Jones, Esq., Tauntfield, Taunton. 
 
 Truro Rev. G. L. Church, Chacewater. 
 
 WestBuckland J. H. Thompson, Esq., West Buckland, Barnstaple. 
 
 Windermere G. Plale Puckle, Esq., The College, Windermere. 
 
 Windsor . . . . W. H. Harris, Esq., Clewer House, Windsor. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 33 
 
 The Local Agencies represent so many Centres ; they arrange for the Examina- 
 tion of Candidates from any town, Institution, or School within the County or 
 district. Intending Candidates should apply to the Secretary of the nearest Centre. 
 Applications should generally be made on or about the 1st of March, in each year. 
 For a list of Schools in association with Oxford for Examination, see Appendix. 
 
 Fees. — Every Junior Candidate is required to pay a Fee of 20s. ; every Senior 
 Candidate 30s. These Fees are to be paid by Saturday, the 13th of April, 1872. No 
 Fee can be returned under any circumstances. At all the Centres a small Local Fee 
 is charged in addition, as incidental expenses have to be borne by the Committees. 
 
 ■OrNIVERSITY OP CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 The University is a Society of Students in liberal Arts and Sciences, 
 incorporated in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, by the name of " The 
 Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cam- 
 bridge." This Commonwealth is a union of seventeen Colleges, or 
 Societies, devoted to the study of learning and knowledge, and for the 
 better service of the Church and State. All these Colleges have been 
 founded since the beginning of the reign of King Edward I., and are 
 maintained by the endowments of their several Founders and Bene- 
 factors. Each College is a body corporate, bound by its own Statutes, 
 but is also controlled by the paramount laws of the University. Each 
 of the seventeen Colleges, or Departments, furnishes members both for 
 the Executive and for the Legislative branch of its Government. The 
 University returns two Members to Parliament. The Governing 
 Bodies, and their relative powers, which are chiefly of iitterest to those 
 who have already entered the University, are set forth in the University 
 Calendar. 
 
 PROFESSORS, LECTURERS, AND PREACHERS. 
 
 Lady Margaret Professorship of Divinity, founded by Lady Margaret, 
 mother of Henry VIL Regius Professorship of Divinity. — Founded by 
 Henry VIII., 1540, and endowed with a stipend of ;£i,o per annum, 
 subsequently augmented by James I. with the Rectory of Somersham, 
 Hants. Pegius Professorship of Laws. — Founded by Henry VIII., 
 1540. Salary ^£40 per annum, and ;£ioo paid from the University 
 chest. Pegius Professorship of Physic. — Founded by Henry VIII., 
 1540 ; salary ^£^40 per annum, a house and premises, and certain Fees, 
 to be paid by Students. Pegius Professorship of Hebrew. — Founded by 
 Henry VIIL, 1540; salary originally £40, further endowed with a 
 Canonry of Ely Cathedral. Pegius Professorship of Greek. — Founded 
 by Henry VIII., 1540 ; salary ;^4o per annum, further endowed with 
 a Canonry of Ely Cathedral. Arabic. — Present stipend j^joo per 
 annum. Mathematics. — Endowed with an estate in Bedfordshire, of 
 the value of about ;^i5o a year. Moral Theology. — Stipend ;^3oo 
 per annum. Music. — Stipend jQioo per annum. Chemistry. — Stipend 
 ;^5oo per annum. There is also a Demonstrator in Chemistry, with a 
 salary of jQiS° ^ y^^""- Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy. — 
 The Candidates may be Englishmen or Foreigners. Endowed with 
 the rent of an estate situated at Balsham ; augmented by subsequent 
 
34 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 endowments. Anatomy. — Salary ^£300 per annum ; and a Demon- 
 strator of Anatomy, with a Salary of ;£iSo per annum. Modern 
 B'istory.—lh.t Professor is appointed by the Queen. Must be a 
 Master of Arts, or of Law, or of a superior Degree. Salary ^^371 per 
 annum. Lord Almoner's Arabic— A-^-pomieA by the Lord Almoner. 
 Stipend )£/[o ros. per annum. Botany. — Present stipend £2,00 per 
 annum. Geology. — Originally endowed from the Woodwardian estates ; 
 at present the stipend (amount not stated) is paid from the funds of the 
 Univei-sity. Astronomy and Geometry. — Stipend ;£25o per annum. 
 Norrisian Divinity. — Stipend ;£3oo per annum. Natural and Experi- 
 mental Philosophy.' — Salary £,2,°'^ per annum, on condition that the 
 Professor, reside within the precincts of the University for eighteen 
 weeks in every year between the ist of October and the end of the 
 following Easter Term. Laws of England {Downing). — Salary £\oo 
 per annum. Medicine (Downing). — ;£'4oo per annum. Archceology 
 {Disney Professorship). — The Professor must be a Member of the 
 University of Cambridge, and of the Degree of M.A., or some higher 
 Degree. He is required to deliver six Lectures at least during the 
 academical year, on the subject of Classical, Mediaeval, and other 
 Antiquities, the Fine Arts, and all matters and things connected there- 
 with. Tenable for five years, and may be re-elected. Salary about 
 ;£r20. Hulsean Divinity, and other Hulsean Foundations, for the 
 advancement and reward of religious learning. Endowed by the pro- 
 ceeds of estates in Cheshire. Political Economy. — Established by Grace 
 of Senate, 1863. Pure Mathematics (Sadleriari). — Stipend not men- 
 tioned. Zoology and Comparative Anatomy. — Salary ;^3oo. Sanscrit. — 
 To terminate with the tenure of office of the present Professor. Inter- 
 national Law. — The Professor is required to give annually a course of 
 twelve Lectures, and, by the Founder's express injunctions, he is " to 
 make it his aim, in all parts of the treatment of his subject, to lay down 
 such rules, and to suggest such measures, as may tend to diminish the 
 evils of War, and finally to extinguish War between nations." Salary 
 £,^0Q per annum. Latin.— 'SaX&xy about ;£^iio. Slade Fine Art. — 
 The Professor is required to give annually in the University, in full 
 term, and free of charge as regards Members of the University, a course 
 of not less than twelve Lectures on the History, Theory, and Practice 
 of the Fine Arts. Salary £z^°i tenable for three years. Experimental 
 Physics. — Terminates with the tenure of office of the present Professor, 
 unless the Senate may decide upon its continuance. Lady Margarefs 
 Preacher, Sir Robert Rede's Lecturer, Ramsden Sermon, Whitehall 
 Preachers, and Hulsean Preacher, Gi'c. — Brief appointments, for one or 
 two years. Travelling Bachelors. — The Endowment has been lately 
 converted into grants by the Senate for the promotion or encouragement 
 of investigations in foreign countries respecting the religion, learning, 
 laws, poHtics, customs, manners, and rarities, natural or artificial, of 
 those countries ; or for purposes of geographical discovery ; or of anti- 
 quarian or scientific research in foreign countries. 
 
 SCHOLARSHIPS AND PRIZES. 
 
 Craven, Battle, Davies, and Pitt Scholarships. — In value from .^20 to 
 £2^ and £?,o per annum, and tenable for from three to seven vears. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 35 
 
 Open to any Undergraduate of the University, provided he be not of 
 more than three years' standing from the time of his first residence. 
 
 Browne Scholarship). — Sir William Browne, Knt., M.D., left a per- 
 petual rent-charge of £,21 for founding a Classical Scholarship. The 
 Scholarship, with all the arrears which may happen by vacancy, is 
 tenable for seven years, under certain conditions. Any Undergraduate 
 of not more than three years' standing may be a Candidate. 
 
 Davies Scholarship of ;^3o, for proficiency in Classical Learning, 
 granted on the same conditions as the Craven Scholarships. 
 
 Pitt Scholarship of ;^45, tenable for seven years, if the Scholar shall 
 continue to be a Member of the University, but no longer. Under the 
 same regulations as the Craven Scholarships. 
 
 Forson Scholarship. — jCfio per annum, tenable for four years. Any 
 Undergraduate is eligible who may have been Matriculated and not have 
 resided in the University more than five terms. 
 
 Waddington Scholarship. — ;^3o annually, tenable for five years. Open 
 to all Undergraduates of not more than three years' standing. The 
 Examination is exclusively Classical. 
 
 Bell Scholarships. — Eight of about £,^^ each per annum, tenable for 
 four years, two Scholars being appointed annually. Candidates must 
 not be of more than one year's standing from the time of their first 
 residence. Every Candidate elected must promise in writing to take 
 the Degree of B.A. in the most regular way. Where personal merits are 
 equal, those are to be preferred who stand most in need of assistance. II 
 no sons or orphans of Clergymen shall be found properly qualified for 
 the Scholarships, then, and then only, the electors shall select the sons 
 of Laymea, being Undergraduates, who stand in need of assistance. 
 
 Barnes Scholarship. — ;£6o annually for four years. The Candidates 
 must be in their first year. Preference shall be given to Candidates that 
 have been elected on the Foundation of Christ's Hospital, St. Paul's 
 School, or the Merchant Taylors' School, in the city of London, and 
 shall have gone to the University directly from one of those Schools ; 
 but if there be no Candidate so circumstanced, then the Scholarship 
 may be thrown open for that term only to all the Undergraduates of the 
 University under the preceding conditions. 
 
 Abbot Scholarships. — Two, founded in the year 1871, and not yet 
 opened. The probable value will be £foo a year each for three years. 
 The Candidates must be Undergraduates in their first year, and prefer- 
 ence will be given to the sons or orphans of Clergymen in the Church 
 of England, who need assistance to enable them to obtain the benefit of 
 University Education ; failing Candidates thus specified, the Scholar- 
 ships may be granted to sons of Laymen. Other things being equal. 
 Candidates bom in the West Riding of York shall have preference. 
 At the first election to these Scholarships, one shall be entitled to a 
 tenure of three years and the other of two years only ; the latter shall 
 in this case be chosen from among Undergraduates in their second 
 year. 
 
 Tyrwhitt Hebrew Scholarships. — For the promotion and encourage- 
 ment of Hebrew learning. Six Scholarships, varying in value to £zo, 
 £2t,, and ;^2o a year for three years. The Candidates for these 
 Scholarships shall be — first, Bachelors of Arts, or Preceptors, who are 
 not of sufficient standing to be created Masters of Arts ; or, secondly, 
 
 D 2 
 
36 SOATS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Students in the Civil Law or Medicine of not less than four or more 
 than seven years' standing. Gratuities have been adjudged to Candi- 
 dates who, faiHng to obtain Scholarships, have distinguished themselves 
 by knowledge of the Hebrew language. 
 
 Crosse Scholarships for promoting the cause of true religion. Three of 
 ;^2o each, tenable for three years. The Candidates must be Bachelors 
 of Arts, under the standing of Masters of Arts. The Examination is 
 with the view to a knowledge of the Holy Scriptures in their original 
 tongues, Hebrew and Greek, of Ecclesiastical History, of the earlier and 
 later Heresies, and such other subjects of useful inquiry as may be 
 thought most likely to assist in the formation of valuable characters, 
 fitted to sustain and adorn the cause of true Rehgion. 
 
 Whewell, for International Law. — The Scholarships, eight in number, 
 tenable for four years under conditions of residence, which may be dis- 
 pensed with by express permission. Two Scholars, one to be chosen 
 every year, one of whom shall receive an annual payment of £i'i-oo, and 
 the other of £,S°- All persons under the age of twenty-five are eligible; 
 but no one who has once gained a Scholarship can be admitted a second 
 time. Every person elected is entitled, and, if not already a member of 
 some College in Cambridge, must become a Member of Trinity College. 
 
 Lightfoot, for History. — Three Scholarships, of the yearly value of 
 ;^8o, tenable for three years. The Foundation is for the encourage- 
 ment of the study of History, and more especially of Ecclesiastical 
 History. Open for competition to all Members of the University who, 
 having resided at least one year, and being still in residence, or having 
 taken their first Degree, are under twenty-five years of age when the 
 Examination begins ; but no one who has been elected to one of these 
 Scholarships shall be allowed to compete again. The first Examination 
 for one of these Scholarships will be held in the Easter Term, 1873. 
 
 Lumley Exhibitions. — Originally for ten poor Scholars of the Univer- 
 sities of Oxford or Cambridge, educated in the School founded by 
 Viscountess Lumley, at Thornton, in the county of York; or, in default 
 of such, to any other poor Scholars, not exceeding five in number, who 
 should be nominated thereto by the respective Convocations of the said 
 Universities, to be continued. until they should have had time to become 
 Graduates in the said Universities. The five Exhibitions are in future 
 to be of the value of £^\^ each. 
 
 Sheepshank^ Astronomical Exhibition. — To be given to that Under- 
 graduate of the University, elected by the Master and Seniors of Trinity 
 College, who shall be found upon examination to be best versed in 
 Astronomy, theoretical and practical. The person elected is to become 
 a Student of Trinity College, and to retain the Exhibition for three 
 years, on condition that he shall keep by residence every University 
 Term of that time, except so far as he may be excused by permission. 
 Annual value about £,^0. 
 
 Smith's Examination Prizes. — Two annual Prizes, now amounting to 
 about ;^23 each, to two Commencing Bachelors of Arts, the best 
 proficients in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. 
 
 Chancellor's Classical Medals. — Two Gold Medals, value 15 guineas 
 each, given annually by the Chancellor of the University, to two Com- 
 mencing Bachelors of Arts, who, having obtained Senior Optimes at least, 
 show themselves the greatest proficients in Classical learning. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 37 
 
 Chancellor's Medal for Legal Studies. — His Royal Highness the Prince 
 Consort, late Chancellor of the University, gave annually a Gold Medal 
 for the encouragement of Legal Studies. The Prize is continued by the 
 present Chancellor. The Candidates are to have passed certain Ex- 
 aminations, which are specified in the Calendar. 
 
 Cam's Greek Testament Prizes. — Two yearly, of the value of £,1^ 
 each, for the encouragement of the accurate study of the Greek Testa- 
 ment. Open to Candidates of certain standing, the conditions of which 
 are given in the Calendar. 
 
 Evans's Prize. — For those Students who distinguish themselves in 
 Theological examination. Value about ;£io. Given annually to a 
 Student among the Middle Bachelors. 
 
 Hebrew Prize.— Y dint £15 ; to be given to a Student among the 
 Commencing or Middle Bachelors, who shall be judged by the Ex- 
 aminers to have shown the best knowledge of Hebrew. 
 
 Dr. Jeremiis Septuagint Prizes. — Two, of about ;^i5 each, for the 
 encouragement of a critical study of the Septuagint Version of the Old 
 Testament, and such other Hellenistic literature as may serve to illus- 
 trate the New Testament. Open to all Members of the University who, 
 having commenced residence, are not of more than three years' standing 
 from their first Degree. 
 
 Scholefield Prize. — Value ;^i5, open to Middle Bachelors, who, being 
 in the First Class of Honours, in the Theological examination of that 
 year, shall be judged to have shown the best knowledge of the Greek 
 Testament, and of the Septuagint Version of the Old Testament. 
 
 There are also several Essay and Verse Prizes, varying in value, for 
 Prose and Poetical Compositions, upon Theological, Classical, and 
 Historical Subjects. The Prizes for the encouragement of Literature, 
 free and open to competition for the whole University, amount to 
 upwards of ;^r,soo annually, three-fourths of which are given for Clas- 
 sics and English Composition. The amount of the annual prizes in the 
 different Colleges is about ;^8oo, more than half of which is given 
 for the encouragement of Classical Literature. 
 
 The Patronage of the University, including that of the Colleges, 
 numbers 318 Benefices, and several Masterships of Schools. 
 
 INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 The University Library contains more than 200,000 volumes. 
 Students holding certain Degrees may borrow books, under specified 
 conditions. Tutors of Colleges may borrow books for the Students, 
 subject to certain limitations. Persons holding certain Degrees may 
 obtain admission to the Library, for the purpose of referring to books ; 
 and persons, not Members of the University, may be similarly admitted 
 upon presentation of a Certificate from two Members of the Senate. 
 
 Fitzwilliam Museum. — Viscount Fitzwilliam, formerly of Trinity Hall, 
 who died sth February, 18 16, bequeathed to the University his splendid 
 collection of books, paintings, drawings, and engravings, together with 
 the dividends or annual proceeds of ;^i 00,000 South Sea Annuities, for 
 the erection of a Museum for their reception. Other valuable bequests 
 have subsequently been added, and the Collection enriched by a large 
 number of Paintings, Statuary, Prints, Books, Models, Coins, and 
 
38 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Curiosities. The Picture and Sculpture Galleries are open from ten to 
 four. Every Graduate is admitted during the whole time that the 
 Museum is open, provided he appear in his Academical habit ; and 
 every Undergraduate is admitted after twelve o'clock, provided he wears 
 his Academical habit. There is free admission to all well-dressed 
 persons on certain days. Graduates and Undergraduates are privileged 
 to the Library ; and visitors may be admitted under certain conditions. 
 
 The Botanic Garden is open daily to all Graduates and Under- 
 graduates, and to all respectably-dressed persons. 
 
 The Observatory is provided with instruments for Astronomical, Mag- 
 netic, and Meteorological Observation. It is open to the Members of 
 the University and their friends on all week days, between half-past 
 twelve and half-past one'. No stranger is admitted except in company 
 with a Member of the University. 
 
 Geological Mvseum. — Contains a valuable selection of English and 
 Foreign fossils, added to the collection of the Founder, Dr. Woodward. 
 The Museum possesses a great historical value, as representing the 
 condition of a progressive science during the latter half of the seven- 
 teenth century ; and it contains such a large series of organic remains, 
 with the locality of each specimen carefully recorded, that it offers even 
 now many important illustrations of the secondary and tertiary forma- 
 tions of Geology. Out of respect to the Founder, the original collection 
 is preserved as he left it, unmixed with the more recent additions to the 
 Museum. 
 
 Museums and Lecture-Rooms. — These buildings, erected from the 
 designs of Anthony Salvin, at a cost of about ;^3o,ooo, form three sides 
 of a square, so placed as to leave space for a building in front of them, 
 and for other additions. By the construction of the building, all the 
 Professors of the Natural Sciences are located in a connected series of 
 Museums and Lecture-Rooms. The Departments of the building com- 
 prise : — I. The Museum of Comparative Anatomy. II. The Museum 
 of Zoology. III. The Botanical Museum and Herbarium. IV. The 
 Mineralogical Museum. V. The Jacksonian Museum. VI. The 
 Lucasian, Plumian, and Lowndean Professors. 
 
 The Chemical Laboratory. — Under»the same roof with the old Ana- 
 tomical School are the Chemical Lecture-Room and Laboratories. The 
 latter are arranged on two floors, the upper floor containing a large and 
 well-lighted Laboratory, in which thirty or forty Students may work at 
 the same time. Adjoining this room is a smaller one for balances. 
 Below are a Metallurgical Laboratory and a Store-room, serving also as a 
 Museum for chemical preparations. Opening into the Lecture-Room is 
 the Professors' Laboratory, with its store and balance rooms. The 
 Students' Laboratory is open daily from ten to six, under the supervision 
 of the Professor of Chemistry, for the use of any Members of the 
 University who may desire to acquire a knowledge of Chemical Manipu- 
 lation, or to pursue original researches. Balances, large apparatus, 
 bottles for reagents, and generally such things as can be used by the 
 Students in common are provided ; but such small apparatus as each 
 Student must have for his exclusive use, he is expected to provide. 
 
 The Old Anatomical School is now devoted to Human Anatomy and 
 Pathology, Demonstrations and Dissections. The Medical Society of 
 the University holds its meetings here; and the Regius Professor of 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 39 
 
 Physic delivers lectures. The Museum contains a good Pathological 
 collection. Books are provided, and current anatomical and medical 
 periodicals of England, France, and Germany. There are facilities for 
 microscopical examinations and anatomical dissections. 
 
 Officers. — In connection with these Institutions there are numerous 
 salaried appointments, as Lecturers, Librarians, Curators, Astronomical 
 Observers, Assistants, &c. 
 
 ENTRANCE, EXAMINATIONS, AND DEGREES. 
 
 Enrolment of Students' names in the University Books takes place on 
 the day after the division of each Term. At this time, also, the Fees to 
 the University are paid to the Registrar. In some Colleges Students 
 have to pass an Examination before they Matriculate. Besides a con- 
 stant attendance on Lectures, the Undergraduates are examined in their 
 respective Colleges yearly, or half-yearly, in those subjects which have 
 engaged their Studies; and, according to the manner in which they 
 acquit themselves in these Examinations, their names are arranged in 
 Clisses, and those who obtain the honour of first places receive Prizes 
 of different value. By this course the Students are prepared for those 
 public Examinations which the University requires Candidates for the 
 Degree to pass. The subjects and order of these Examinations will be 
 imparted to Students by the Tutors of their respective Colleges. 
 
 Arts. — Every Student must have completed nine Terms' residence, 
 during two-thirds of each Term, before he can take his Degree. The 
 mode of admission is either by a personal Examination before the Tutor 
 and some of the College officers ; or, what is more usual, by sending to 
 the Tutor a recommendatory Certificate, signed by some Master of Arts 
 of this University, stating the name, age, quahfication, &c., of the Can- 
 didate, and transmitting with it the Caution money. If this Certificate 
 be considered satisfactory, the admission lakes place, and the person's 
 name is immediately placed on the boards which are suspended in the 
 butteries of the several Colleges. 
 
 Law and History. — All Students who pass the Examination for the 
 Law and History Tripos, so as to deserve Honours, shall be entitled to 
 admission either to the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, or to that of Bachelor 
 of Laws, at their option ; and any Bachelor of Arts who shall have passed 
 as above stated, shall be entitled to proceed to the Degree of Master of 
 Laws without further Examination. 
 
 Divinity. — The Examinations are open only to those Students who 
 have passed the Examinations entitling them to the Degree of Bachelor 
 of Arts, or have passed the Examinations and performed the Exercises 
 necessary for the Degree of Bachelor of Law or Medicine. A Student 
 presenting himself for Examination shall have attended the Lectures 
 delivered during one Term at least by one of the Professors of Divinity. 
 A Master of Arts must be of at least seven years' standing before he can 
 be admitted to the Degree of Bachelor in Divinity. A Doctor in 
 Divinity must be a Bachelor in Divinity of not less than five years' 
 standing. 
 
 Medicine and Surgery. — A Student, before he can become a 
 Bachelor of Medicine, must have resided nine Terms. The Degree of 
 Doctor of Medicine may be granted to a Bachelor of Medicine in the 
 
40 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 ninth Term after his Inauguration, and to a Master of Arts in the twelfth 
 Term after his creation. A Student, before he can become a Master in 
 Surgery, must have resided nine Terms. For the first three years after 
 the completion of the Degree, a Master in Surgery must have resided 
 nine term.s. For the first three years after the completion of the 
 Degree a Master in Surgery has the status of B.A. ; afterwards he 
 has the privilege of M.A. Students proceeding to the Degree of 
 Bachelor of Medicine, who have not graduated in Arts, shall be 
 required to pass the previous Examination. Five years of Medical 
 Study shall be required of Candidates for the Degree of Bachelor of 
 Medicine, with the exception of Students who have obtained Honours 
 in the Mathematical, Classical, Moral Sciences, or Natural Sciences 
 Tripos ; in whose case four years of Medical Study shall be deemed 
 sufiicient. Of this time six Terms shall be spent by the Candidate in the 
 University after he has passed the previous Examination, provided that 
 four Terms so spent shall be sufiicient, in cases where four years only 
 are required. All persons proceeding to the Degree of Doctor of Medi- 
 cine shall be required to produce Certificates of having been engaged in 
 Medical Study for five years-. A Candidate for the Degree of Master in 
 Surgery must have passed all the Examinations for the Degree of 
 Bachelor of Medicine, and have attended certain Courses of Lectures, 
 and Hospital Practice. 
 
 Music. — The University confers the Degrees of Bachelor and Doctor 
 of Music. The main conditions for either Degree are the same, viz., 
 that the Candidate be a Member of some College, and that he satisfy 
 the Professor of Music as to his proficiency ; more particularly by com- 
 posing an Exercise, which, in the case of a Candidate proceeding to 
 the Degree of Doctor of Music, is performed before the University. 
 Exercises are not now necessarily confined to sacred subjects. 
 
 TERMS. 
 
 The Terms of this University are three, fixed by invariable rules. 
 Michaelmas, or October, Term begins on the ist of October, and ends 
 on the i6th of December. Lent, or January, Term begins on the r3th 
 of January, and ends on the Friday before Palm Sunday. Easter, or 
 Midsummer, Term begins on the Friday after Easter Day, and ends on 
 the Friday after Commencement Day. Commencement Day is always 
 the last Tuesday but one in June. 
 
 COLLEGES. 
 
 St. Peter's College. — Founded by Hugh de Balsham, Bishop 
 of Ely, 1257. According to .the Statutes of i860, the Foundation con- 
 sists of a Master, fourteen Fellows at the least, and twenty-three Scholars 
 at the least. The Master, who will hereafter be elected by the Fellows, 
 must be a Member of the Church of England, a Master of Arts, Master 
 of Laws, Doctor of Medicine, or some Superior Degree in the Uni- 
 versity. The Fellows are required to be Graduates of the College, or, 
 if the Society think fit, Graduates of the University ; but there is no 
 l-'mitation as to birth, provided that the Candidates be British subjects. 
 They must be Members of the Church of England. Three at least of 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 41 
 
 the Society must be in Holy Orders. The scheme for the Foundation 
 of Open Scholarships, which is gradually coming into operation, contem- 
 plates Twelve Scholarships of ^(>o. Six of ^40, Five of £,20 each per 
 annum, tenable until the possessors are of standing to take the Degree 
 of B.A. In case of special merit, the Master and Fellows have power 
 to prolong the tenure of a Scholarship ; also to promote from one to 
 another ; or to confer upon the holder a second Scholarship, in consi- 
 deration of distinguished merit. Already there have been founded 
 Twenty-one Scholarships : Two of ^80, Ten of ;£6o. Six of £,\o, 
 Three of £20 each per annum. The Master and Fellows have also 
 power to apply a part of the Open Scholarship Fund to the encourage- 
 ment of deserving Students. There is an Exhibition from the Company 
 of Clothworkers, and one from the Company of Ironmongers. Annual 
 Prizes are given to those who are most successful in the Midsummer 
 Examination. The- Scholarships are also adjudged according to the 
 result of the same Examination, excepting those which are opened to 
 competition amongst Candidates who have not commenced their resi- 
 dence in the University at times of which due notice is given. The 
 Patronage numbers Eleven Benefices; and also the Mastership of 
 Drighlington School, Yorkshire. 
 
 Master, Rev. H. W. Cookson, D.D. 
 
 Clare College. — Founded, in/ 1326, by Richard Bodew, Chan- 
 cellor of the University, under the name of University Hall ; and 
 re-founded in 1341, under the name of Clare Hall, or College, by El,iza- 
 EETH, sister of Gilbert, Earl of Clare. The Foundation at present 
 consists of a Master, eight Senior and ten Junior Fellows, besides Scholars 
 and Students. The Fellowships are perfectly open to Bachelors of Arts, or 
 persons of higher Degree, without restriction as to marriage. A Fellowship 
 held by a Layman becomes vacant in ten years from the proper time of 
 proceeding to the Degree of Master of Arts, or a corresponding Degree, 
 unless he hold a College office. Those holding office retain the Fellow- 
 ships alter ten years. The Scholarships are as follow : Eight of ;£6o, 
 Eight of .^£40, and Eight of ;^2o each per aiinum. Three of ;^6o, for 
 three years, with preference to Clergymen ; Four of ;^5o each per 
 annum. Two Minor Scholajships, usually of ;£6o value, are annually 
 given for competition among Students intending to begin residence in 
 the October Term ; and an additional Scholarship of ^^50 for pro- 
 ficiency in Natural Science. There are two Exhibitions of^i^so per 
 annum, appropriated to Scholars from Wakefield School ; One of ;^so 
 per annum to a Scholar from Hull School; Four of ;^3 2 per annum 
 each, with preference to Students from Oakham and Uppingham 
 Schools. There are also several annual Prizes ; and occasional grants 
 from the Scholarship Fund in aid of deserving Students in straitened 
 circumstances, whether Scholars or not. The Patronage consists of 
 eighteen Benefices. 
 
 Master, Edward Atkinson, D.D. 
 
 Pembroke College. — Founded by Mary de St. Paul, widow of 
 the Earl of Pembroke, 1347 ; and King Henry VI. was so liberal a 
 benefactor as to obtain the name of Second Founder. There are Twenty- 
 three Foundation Scholarships : Ten of £fio, Eight of ;^4o, and Six of 
 
42 SOMS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 J[,2o a year each, perfectly open. There is also One of the yearly value 
 of £(iQ for a Scholar froin the Free School of Bowes, in Yorkshire, who 
 has previously been two years at the School. When there is no privi- 
 leged Candidate, this Scholarship is at the disposal of the Master of 
 the College. One Exhibition of the yearly value of £^o, for a Scholar 
 educated at Blackrode School, in Lancashire. An addition of ^£'5 a 
 year is made by another gift to this Exhibition. There are also annual 
 Prizes. The Patronage comprises twelve Benefices. 
 
 Master, John Power, M.A. 
 
 Gonville and Caius College.— Founded 1348, by Edward 
 GoNViLLE, son of Sir Nicholas Gonville, Rector of Terrington, in Nor- 
 folk. The revenues subsequently increased by various Benefactors, 
 among whom were William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich, and John 
 Caius, M.D. By the most recent Statutes the College was made to 
 consist of a Master, thirty Fellows, and thirty-six Scholars. The number of 
 Fellowships is now increased to thirty-two. The Fellows are to be chosen 
 from Graduates of the College, or, if the Master and Seniors shall at 
 any time think fit, of the University, who have distinguished themselves 
 in the studies of the University, or in some department of science, 
 learning, or art. The Fellowships are not vacated by marriage, but 
 terminate in general at the end of ten years from the full standing of 
 M.A. They may, however, be retained for a longer period under certain 
 conditions. There are now Thirty-eight Scholarships, divided into four 
 classes of different value. There are Nine of ;£6o, of which two in each 
 year are open to all persons under twenty years of age who have not 
 commenced residence in the University ; Nine of .^^40, Six of ;£3o, 
 Fourteen of £^20. All are tenable until the Scholars are of standing to 
 take the Degree of B.A. ; but in cases of special merit the tenure may 
 be prolonged. One of the Scholarships, of the value of from £20 to 
 ;£6o, according to the merit of the successful Candidate, is open, with- 
 out limitation of age, to any who have not commenced residence in the 
 University. The Examination for these Open Scholarships takes place 
 about the end of the Lent Term. There are Four Studentships in 
 Medicine, founded by Christopher Tancreid, Esq., each of the annual 
 value of .^100. The Candidate who is elected to one of these Student- 
 ships is required to enter at this College within a month from the time 
 of election ; or to remove hither, if he be a Member of any other 
 College. The Trustees hold their meetings at Lincoln's Inn, on Wed- 
 nesday in Whitsun-week, and on the Wednesday after St. Martin's-day. 
 Information respecting vacancies, and the mode of apphcation, may be 
 obtained from B. T. L. Frere, Esq., 28, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London. 
 Two Scholarships, founded at Harrow School, a.d. 1830, by John 
 Sayer, M.A., of the annual stipend oi £^2 los. The Scholars are 
 elected by the Governors of the School, and proceed to this College. 
 Two Exhibitions, of the value oi £\o each, for four years, founded at 
 Harrow School, by John Lyon, 1590. There are several annual Prizes. 
 Natural Science and Experimental Physics receive great encouragement, 
 about ;^8oo per annum being set apart for %e promotion of these 
 studies. The Patronage comprises eighteen Benefices, and the Master- 
 ship of Perse's Free School, Cambridge. 
 
 Master, Edwin Guest, LL.D., F.R.S. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 43 
 
 Trinity Hall. — Founded by William Bateman, Bishop of 
 Norwich, in the year 1350. Further incorporated by an Act of the 
 reign of Queen Elizabeth, and subsequently augmented by various Bene- 
 factors. There are Thirteen Fellowships. All the Fellows have the 
 same stipends and privileges, and they and the Master constitute the 
 Governing Body. Of the Fellowships, Ten are Lay, and are designed 
 mainly for persons intending to qualify as Barristers or for the Scotch Bar ; 
 Three are Clerical, and designed for persons who may be engaged in the 
 tuition of the College. The holders of the latter are required to be in 
 Holy Orders within twelve months from their election. The Governing 
 Body has power to make concessions as to the professions pursued, for 
 both classes of Fellowships. Lay Fellowships are not vacated by marriage, 
 and are tenable for ten years or more. The Clerical Fellowships are 
 tenable for life, but are vacated by marriage, except in certain cases. 
 The study of the Law, for which this College was especially designed 
 by the Founder, has been provided for by the establishment of a Law 
 Lectureship and four Law Studentships ; the latter are tenable for three 
 years, and are of the annual value of j^so each. An additional Law 
 Studentship was established in 1867. They are to be given to Graduates 
 of the College in Arts or Law, who intend to prepare themselves for 
 practice in some branch of the Legal Profession. The holders are not 
 required to reside in the University. The College Scholarships are 
 tenable up to the time of taking the B.A. or LL.B. Degree. They 
 are at present Sixteen in number, varying in value from ;£2o to £,Zo 
 per annum. They are awarded according to the results of the various 
 College Examinations in Classics, Mathematics, Law, and History. 
 The Scholarships of the largest amount are usually given to Students 
 who have just concluded their first year. There are also Exhibitions of 
 the value of £,10, £lo, and ;^'8o respectively, tenable during the first 
 year of residence. An Examination for these Exhibitions is usually 
 held about Easter. It is open to all persons under twenty years of age, 
 who have not commenced residence. There are also Annual Prizes for 
 proficiency in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, English Literature, 
 Classics, and Law. The Patronage numbers six Benefices. 
 
 Master, Thomas Charles Geldart, LL.D. 
 
 Corpus Christi College. — Founded 1352, under a License from 
 King Edward III. At the present time consists of a Master and 
 twelve Fellows, besides Scholars and other Students. The Fellowships 
 are open to all British subjects, wherever born. Eight of the Fellows 
 are required to take Holy Orders within three years after their admission. 
 The other four are not so restricted. There are Thirty-one Scholarships, 
 varying in value from ^20 to ;^6o per annum, some of them with 
 rooms rent-free. Of these, Eight are awarded every year to those Fresh- 
 men who most distinguish themselves in the College Examination, which 
 takes place early in June. They are tenable for three years from the 
 preceding Christmas. Two are given annually after the Examination in 
 the Easter Term, to the two Junior Sophs who are considered most 
 worthy. There are additions and promotions to be added under 
 special circumstances. Two Scholarships, of ;£2o a year each and 
 rooms free, a:re bestowed on deserving Students needing assistance, and 
 
44 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 usually on such as are in their second year of residence. These are in 
 the gift of the Master. Besides the preceding Scholars there are two 
 Bible Clerks, and an Organist. They are paid respectively as the 
 Scholars on the Old Foundation, with an additional allowance of £,20 
 a year to the Organist. There are also several annual Prizes. The 
 following are limited Exhibitions : — Two, of the value of £,2.^ and £,i?> 
 a year, appropriated to Scholars from Wymondham, Norwich, or Aylsham 
 Schools. Two of ;Qio a, year, with rooms free, to Scholars from Canter- 
 bury or Westminster Schools ; and one of ;£6 13s. 6d. for Scholars from 
 the Free School, Canterbury. One of £36, and one of £^0 annually, 
 for Students from St. Paul's School, London. One of j£20 a year, 
 Founded by Edward Colman, appropriated to one or more of the 
 Founder's name; in default of such, to four Scholars from Norwich 
 or Wymondham Schools. The Patronage numbers nine Benefices. 
 
 Master, Rev. James Pulling, D.D. 
 
 King's College. — Founded by Henry VI., 1441. Under the 
 rew Statutes the Foundation now consists of a Provost, forty-six 
 Fellows, and forty-eight Scholars. The Fellows are elected from among 
 the members of the College. Twenty-four Scholarships are limited to 
 Scholars of Eton College, which was also Founded by Henry VI. ; the 
 remaining twenty-four are open Scholarships. They are tenable until the 
 holder is of M.A. standing, or Fellow of this or any other College. The 
 Eton Scholarships take precedence of the others. (See Eton College.) 
 There are also two Exhibitions of ^e^o a year each, for Candidates 
 under twenty years of age, who distinguish themselves in the Examina- 
 tion for admission to the College, in Classics and Mathematics. There 
 are also numerous annual Prizes. The Statutes of 1861, appointing the 
 number of Eton and Open Scholarships, are not yet fully in operation ; 
 and the privileges of the College will increase hereafter. The Patronage 
 includes thirty-three Benefices. 
 
 Provost, Richard Okes, D.D. 
 
 Queen's College. — Founded r448-i46s, by Queen Margaret 
 OF Anjou, and Elizabeth, consort of Edward IV. Consists of a 
 President and fourteen Foundation Fellows. The Fellowships are 
 tenable for ten years from M.A., without being subject to any restriction 
 whatever. Any Fellow who takes Holy Orders within two years from 
 M.A. may hold his Fellowship for hfe. Fellowships held, however, for 
 more than the term of ten years from M.A. are vacated by marriage, 
 and by institution to a Benefice, of which the net annual value exceeds 
 ;£3oo a year. The time spent in discharging the duties of Tutor, and of 
 Senior Lecturer in Mathematics or Classics, is not to be included in the 
 before-mentioned term. A Fellow of the College, who holds a Pro- 
 fessorship in the University, of which the stipend, does not exceed ;^Soo 
 a year, may hold his Fellowship free from all restrictions, so long as he 
 holds his Professorship. Five of the Scholarships are of the value of 
 ;^3o ; Five of ;^4o ; and Four of ;£'so per annum at least. If there be 
 any students deserving of Scholarships besides those enumerated, they 
 shall have supernumerary Scholarships ; and if any Students be deemed 
 worthy of Scholarships of more value than those before mentioned, the 
 Scholarships shall be augmented at the discretion of the President and 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 45 
 
 Fellows. At the last election the number of Scholars was twenty, and 
 their stipends ranged from ^^30 to £,io. One-third of the stipend is 
 paid at the end of each term of residence. In addition to the foregoing, 
 there are five Exhibitions, varying in value from £,\2 to ;^2o per 
 annum, and the President has at his disposal funds to the amount of 
 ;^i30 per annum, with which he assists students of limited means. 
 There are also several annual Prizes. The patronage includes eleven 
 Benefices. 
 
 President, George Phillips, D.D. 
 
 St. Catherine College. — Founded 1473, by Robert Wode- 
 LARKE, D.D., Chancellor of the University. The Foundation con- 
 sists of a Master, nine Fellows, and twenty-four Scholars. Of the 
 latter Fourteen are of the annual value of £,^0 per annum, and to 
 ten of these free rooms are attached. There are Two Scholarships of 
 ;^5o each. Six of £,2>^ each, and Two of £2^ each. All the Scholarships 
 are perfectly open to Candidates from any School or place of birth. 
 There is also an annual surplus from which grants are made to deserving 
 Students of the College. There is a Librarianship worth £20 per 
 annum, with free rooms. The Master Sizar's salary is jQdp per 
 annum, with free rooms. The Bible Clerk receives his commons, with 
 rooms free. There are some annual Prizes. The Patronage comprises 
 four Benefices. This College offers for competition, open to all persons 
 whose names are not on the boards of any College, Five Scholarships, 
 in the month of June, every year. These Scholarships are awarded for 
 proficiency in Classics or in Mathematics, or in both. All communi- 
 cations should be addressed to " The Reverend, The Tutor, St. Cathe- 
 rine's College, Cambridge." 
 
 Master, Rev. C. K. Robinson, D.D., ex officio Canon of Norwich. 
 
 Jesus College. — Founded by John Alcock, Bishop of Ely, 1496. 
 There are sixteen Foundation Fellowships, open to all her Majesty's 
 subjects without restriction or appropriation. Six of the Fellows are 
 required to be in Holy Orders. The Mastership is in the appointment 
 of the Bishop of Ely. The following are the principal Scholarships and 
 Exhibitions, the gifts of various Benefactors : — Four Foundation Scholar- 
 ships of ;£2o a year. Six of ^^30 a year. Five of ;£'5o. Seventeen 
 Scholarships varying from ;^30 to ;^4o, according to merit, appropriated 
 to sons of deceased Clergymen, or, in their absence, to the sons of living 
 Clergymen. Preference to one* of these, of about ^40 per annum, is 
 given to a native of Nottinghamshire or Lancashire. One of about j[^\%, 
 with preference to an Orphan, open to all counties. Two of ,^50 each 
 for Students educated at Seven Oaks and Tunbridge Schools. Two, of 
 ;£i6 per annum each, open to Clergymen's Orphans, and tenable from 
 the Degree of B.A. to that of M.A. One of about £^0, or two of ^£30 
 per annum, to Students from the Loughborough School. The Founda- 
 tion Scholarships may be held with any other. One Mathematical 
 Scholarship and one Classical are awarded at an Examination, early in 
 April, to Candidates who intend commencing residence in October. 
 Tliere are also several annual Prizes, and Money Grants to deserving 
 Students. The Patronage includes sixteen Benefices. 
 
 Mctster, George Cleves Corrie, D.D. 
 
46 S02\rs AMD DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Christ's College. — Founded 1505, by the Countess of Rich- 
 mond AND Derby, mother of Henry VII. By recent arrangements the 
 Scholarships have been consolidated, and greatly improved in value. 
 The Foundation at present consists of a Master, fifteen F'ellows, and 
 twenty-nine Scholars. The Fellowships are open to all the Queen's 
 subjects, without restriction or appropriation. Candidates for the Fel- 
 lowships must be at least Bachelors of Arts or Law, or Medicine. No 
 Candidate is superannuated. Five of the Fellows may be Laymen ; the 
 remaining ten are required to be in Priest's Orders within six years after 
 proper standing for the Degree of M.A. Of the Twenty-nine Scholarships, 
 Twelve are in value £,lo. Six oi £^^0, Eleven oi £,z° ^ 7^^^ each. Besides 
 these Scholarships there are Exhibitions, Two of ^^50, Three of £50, and 
 One of ;^2o. For each of these Exhibitions a Candidate from a preferred 
 School must have been educated there for two years at the least in the two 
 years and half immediately preceding the election. The preferred Schools 
 are Gigglesvnck, Kirkby Lonsdale, Skipton, and Sedbergh. At any 
 Examination, in the event of there being no properly quahfied Candidate 
 from a preferred School for an Exhibition, it will for that term be con- 
 sidered open ; and a Student gaining by open competition any of the fore- 
 going Exhibitions, except the last, will be regarded as a Scholar of the 
 College. Students are elected to the Scholarships and Exhibitions after 
 the annual College Examination in the Easter Term. A Student may be 
 a Candidate in each year of his Undergraduate residence. There is also 
 in the early part of each year an annual election of Scholars and Exhi- 
 bitioners from Students who intend to commence residence in the 
 following October. Scholars and Exhibitioners are elected for proficiency 
 in Natural Science, as well as in other courses of University study. A 
 Student may hold a Scholarship or Exhibition until he is of standing to 
 take the Degree of Bachelor of Arts ; and provided he continue to 
 reside, the Master and Fellows may, if they think fit, allow him to retain 
 the same until he is of standing to take the Degree of Master of Arts, 
 but no longer. The Master and Fellows are authorised to confer any 
 two of the foregoing Scholarships or Exhibitions upon the same Stu- 
 dent, if they consider him deserving. Besides these Exhibitions, there 
 are others, amounting in the aggregate to between ^£50 and ^60 a 
 year each, which are perfectly open, and are annually distributed 
 amongst the most deserving Students of the College. There are also 
 five Divinity Studentships for Scholars who are educated at the College 
 to which the Governors and Trustees of the Tancred Charities are the 
 Electors. A Student when elected to tlie charity must have attained the 
 age of sixteen years, and be under twenty-two years. He is required to 
 be admitted to this College within one month after his election ; to 
 reside two-thirds of each accademical Term as long as he holds his 
 Studentship ; to pass the University Previous Examination at the proper 
 time ; and to proceed to the Degree of Bachelor of Arts so soon as he is 
 of proper standing. He may hold his Studentship for three years after 
 the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, but no longer. The annual income of 
 each student is £106. There are several annual Prizes, chiefly consisting 
 of Gold Medals and Books, given for Examinations and Essays. About 
 ;£'ioo is annually devoted to these rewards. The Patronage amounts 
 to fifteen Benefices. 
 
 Master, Rev. James Cartmell, D.D. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 47 
 
 St. John's College. — Founded by the Countess of Richmond 
 AND Derby, mother of King Henry VII., Foundress of Christ's College. 
 The College now consists of a Master, fifty-six Fellows, and sixty 
 Foundation Scholars ; the Fellowships and Scholarships being all open. 
 All the Fellows, excepting those holding certain offices, are required to 
 be in Priest's Orders within seven years from the Degree of M.A. A 
 Divinity Studentship, of the value of about ;£^2oo, tenable for three 
 years from the date of election, is open to the competition of Bachelors 
 of Arts, not being of sufficient standing to take the Degree of M.A. 
 Two Law Studentships, to be hereafter augmented to four, of the value 
 of ;£tSo per annum each, tenable for four years from the date of 
 election, are open to the competition of Members of the College who 
 shall have taken the Degree of B.A. or LL.M., and who shall bon&fide 
 mtend to prepare for the profession of the Law. A Hebrew Scholarship, 
 of the annual value of ^^32, tenable for three years from the date of 
 election, is open to the competition of Bachelors of Arts. The 
 subjects of Examination are the Languages, Literature, and History of 
 the Hebrews- The Scholarships and Exhibitions are very numerous. 
 The Election to any vacancy in the Sixty Scholarships takes place at the 
 beginning of June in every year. The value of a Scholarship is £^^0 
 per annum, tenable until the Scholar shall become of standing to be an 
 Inceptor of Arts. Bachelors of Arts receive the full amount of their 
 Scholarships, whether they are resident in the University or not. Besides 
 the Foundation Scholarships, there are Eight Minor Scholarships, four of 
 which must be filled up every year before or during the Michaelmas 
 Term. These are open to all persons under twenty years of age, 
 whether Students in the University or not, who have not yet commenced 
 residence in the University, or who are in the first Term of their resi- 
 dence. The Election takes place every year at the beginning of the 
 Easter Term. The value of a Minor Scholarship is from_;^so to j^yo 
 per annum, tenable for two years from the day of election, or until the 
 Scholar be elected to one of the Foundation Scholarships. An Exhibi- 
 tion of jQ^o per annum, tenable for three years, is annually awarded 
 for proficiency in Natural Science, at the same time as the Minor 
 Scholarships. It is open to persons who have not commenced resi- 
 dence, or are in the first term of residence. The sum of ;^35o is 
 assigned annually by the Master and Seniors in Exhibitions to the most 
 deserving Students, to be called Wood's Exhibitioners, account being 
 taken of their pecuniary circumstances, as well as of their moral and 
 intellectual qualifications. Under similar conditions the yearly produce 
 of the Kectory of Cherry Marham, Norfolk, about ;^S5o, is assigned to 
 the most deserving Students, to be called Hare Exhibitioners. There 
 are also several preference Exhibitions, of different value, attached to 
 certain Schools :— -Scholars from Shrewsbury School, Two oi jQz'^ 17s. 6d. 
 per annum each; One of £,\'] los. per annum; Four of ^50 each, 
 tenable for four years. Electors, the Trustees of the School. Four of 
 ;^5o, and Eight of £,i,o per annum each, tenable for three and four 
 years, for Scholars from Hereford School; Four of _;^5o per annum 
 each, tenable for three years, for Scholars from Manchester School; 
 Four of ^50 each, tenable for tliree years, for Scholars from Marl- 
 borough School ; Six of ^n 6s. 8d. each, tenable for three years, for 
 Scholars from Sedbergh School ; Four of ;^4o each, for three years, for 
 
48 SOJ\rS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Scholars from Pocklington • School ; One of ;£^2o per annum, tenable 
 until B.A., for a Scholar from Stamford School ; One of £,xo per annum, 
 on the nomination of the Marquess of Salisbury, tenable until B.A., for 
 a Scholar from Westminster or from Hoddesden School; Two of ^30 
 per annum each, tenable for four years, for Scholars from Peterborough, 
 or, in default, from Oundle School; One of ^18 per annum, for three 
 years, for a Scholar from Bury St. Edmund's School ; One of £,%o per 
 annum, for four years, with preference to a Scholar from Sutton Valence 
 School ; One of ^^40 per annum, for three years, for a Scholar from 
 Grantham School; Two, about ;^3S per annum each, for Scholars from 
 Dedham School — electors, the School Trustees ; Four of about ^32 per 
 annum each, for Scholars from Oakham or Uppingham Schools; Three 
 of £z° per annum each, for four years, to Scholars from Durham 
 School; Two of ^25 per annum each, for four years, for Scholars from 
 Exeter School ; One about ;^63 per annum, for four years, for Scholars 
 from Bowness School, with preference to natives of Applethwaite or 
 Undermillbeck — electors, the School Trustees. In the absence of 
 qualified preference Candidates the elections may be thrown open to 
 competition. The Sizars are chosen by an Examination which takes 
 place in the Michaelmas Term of each year. The Candidates are 
 examined in the Elements of Geometry, Arithmetic, and Algebra, 
 certain selected Greek and Latin Subjects, and Latin Prose composition. 
 There are nine Proper Sizars, who have their commons free, and usually 
 hold Exhibitions. They are chosen from the other Sizars, after a resi- 
 dence of at least three terms, by the Master and Seniors, preference 
 being usually given to those who have ranked high in the classes at the 
 general Examinations, and by their conduct have obtained the approba- 
 tion of the College. About ;^6,7oo per annum is set apart for the 
 revenues of the College for the maintenance of Scholarships, Exhibi- 
 tions, and other emoluments. About ;^i8o is allotted annually for 
 Prizes. The Patronage comprises fifty-one Benefices, and the Master- 
 ships of six Schools. 
 
 Master, Rev. William Henry Bateson, D.D. 
 
 Magdalene College. — Founded 1519, by Baron Audley, of 
 Walden. By the new Statutes it was provided that there shall here- 
 after be Eight open Foundation Scholarships, and certain additional 
 Fellowships provided by various Benefactions. Excepting those Scholar- 
 ships ■ and Exhibitions, the right of which is reserved to particular 
 Schools, all restrictions shall be entirely removed, and the total number 
 of such Scholarships and Exhibitions shall form a General Fund for 
 Open Scholarships. That there shall be hereafter Three Open Scholar- 
 ships of at least £fio, Three of at least ;^4o, and Six of at least ^£'20 
 a year each. There are Four Exhibitions of ^^d'^ per annum, for 
 Scholars from Shrewsbury School ; One of ^bo per annum, with pre- 
 ference to persons bom in St. Chad's parish, Shrewsbury, and educated 
 in the Shrewsbury Grammar School, persons bom in the county of 
 Salop, and educated at the said School, or to any boys educated at the 
 said School; Three of ^^-jo per annum, for Scholars from Wisbech 
 School ; Four of £^10 per annum for Scholars from Leeds, Halifax, and 
 Heversham Schools. The annual Pepysian Benefaction, value £,^0, is 
 in the Master's gift, and is usually bestowed upon poor and deserving 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 49 
 
 Students. There are also annual Prizes. The Patronage comprises 
 seven Benefices. 
 
 Master, Hon. and Rev. Latimer Neville, M.A. 
 
 Trinity College, — Founded 1546, originally endowed by 
 Henry VIII., and afterwards augmented by his daughter. Queen 
 Mary, for the maintenance of a Master, sixty Fellows, and sixty 
 Scholars, since increased to seventy-four. The Fellows are elected 
 from all Members of the College, or other Members of the University, 
 if the electors think fit, who have attained the Degree of Bachelor of 
 Arts, of Laws, or of Medicine, and those whose standing after such 
 Degree does not exceed three years. There is no appropriation what- 
 ever ; all who do not hold University or College offices are required to 
 take Holy Orders within seven years after attaining the standing of Master 
 of Arts. The College has also the power of electing to Fellowships or to 
 Honorary Fellowships, Professors or other persons distinguished for Scien- 
 tific or Literary merit. The Scholarships are open to all Students of the 
 College, and to all Undergraduates of Oxford and Cambridge who have 
 not completed their first term of residence. The Examination is held 
 yearly at Easter. Besides the Foundation Scholars, Six Minor Scholars 
 are chosen every year, at an Examination held in December. These 
 Scholarships are open to all persons under twenty years of age, whether 
 Students of the University or not, who have not commenced residence 
 in the University, or are in the first term of their residence. They are 
 tenable for three years from the day of election, or until the Scholar be 
 elected to one of the Foundation Scholarships. Two of the six Scholar- 
 ships are of the value of ;£'ioo. Two of ^^75, and Two of ^^50 per annum. 
 No Scholar is entitled to any emolument from his Scholarship until he 
 has commenced residence in the University. There are two or three 
 annual Exhibitions of £,\o each per annum, privileged to Scholars from 
 Westminster School ; Five oi £^\t, per annum each, for Scholars from 
 St. Paul's School, London ; One of ^-t, 8s. 8d. for a Scholar from Lynn 
 School ; One of £,2,0, for a Candidate of the name of the Founder, the 
 Rev. R. B. Podmore, or in default of such, to a native of the County of 
 Salop, educated for four years at least at the Grammar School, Shrews- 
 bury ; Three of ;^6 13s. 4d. each for poor Scholars. There is an Astro- 
 nomical Exhibition of ;£so per annum, tenable for three years, open to 
 the public competition of all Undergraduates of the University; but 
 the person elected, if not a Student of Trinity, is required to become so. 
 There are Sixteen Sizars upon the Foundation, who are entitled to 
 allowances of the value of about £^^0 per annum each. The Sub- 
 sizars succeed to the Sizars in order of merit, as vacancies occur. To 
 such of them, whether Sizars or Sub-sizars, as pass with credit the annual 
 College Examination, at the close of the academic year, pecuniary rewards 
 are assigned : to each of those who are placed in the first class ;^2S ; in 
 the second £,1^. And when any of them are elected Scholars, and are 
 subsequently placed in the specified classes, the same rewards are given 
 them as if they were still Sizars or Sub-sizars. There are numerous 
 annual Prizes. The Patronage comprises fifty-nine Benefices ; and the 
 Masterships of three Schools. 
 
 Master, Rev. William Hepworth Thompson, D.D., F.S.A. 
 
50 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Emmanuel College.— Founded 1584 by Sir Walter Mildmay, 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer and Privy Councillor in the reign of Queen 
 Elizabeth. Twelve Fellowships are open to all her Majesty's subjects, 
 members of the Church of England, and a Student becomes eligible to 
 them on proceeding to B.A., or any equivalent Degree. All the Fellows 
 are obliged to proceed to the Degree of M.A. (or the equivalent Degree 
 in their respective Faculties), as soon as they are of sufficient standing. 
 There must always be four Fellows in Priest's Orders, and, with the 
 exception of Fellows holding one of the offices of Assistant Tutor or 
 Bursar, all are required to be in Priest's Orders within seven years from 
 the day of their election, or to vacate their Fellowships at the end of 
 ten years from the same date. There are also Two Fellowships on the 
 Dixie Foundation, but they have no vote in the College affairs, nor any 
 claim to the offices or dividends of the College. Candidates for these 
 Fellowships must have taken the Degree of B.A., and must be related 
 to the Founder, or have been educated at Market-Bosworth School in 
 Leicestershire. The heirs of the Founder nominate, and the College 
 admits the nomination. There are likewise Four Dixie Scholarships of 
 _^i.o per annum each, subject to the same restrictions. There are 
 Eighteen Open Scholarships — Two of ;£8o, Ten of £,(>o, and Six of ^^30 
 each per annum. Also Five of ,^30 a year, which may be held with 
 any one of the above. The following are preference Scholarships ; — 
 Four of ^T,2 per annum, with preference to Oakham and Uppingham 
 Schools ; Two of ;^5o per annum, with preference to Ashby de la Zouch 
 and Derby Schools ; One of jT^id per annum, with preference to Durham 
 and Newcastle Schools.. There is also an Exhibition of ^2,^ per 
 annum, with preference to a Student in Natural Science ; and One of 
 ;^i2 a year, appropriated to the best of Dr. Thorpe's Scholars. There 
 is also a sum of money at the disposal of the Master and Fellows, for 
 the assistance and encouragement of deserving Students. The foregoing 
 Scholarships are usually awarded after the College Examination in the 
 Easter Term, and are tenable till B.A^, or, with special permission, till 
 M.A. An Examination is also usually held at the end of the Lent 
 Term for. two Foundation Scholarships and two Exhibitions, open to 
 Candidates who have not yet commenced residence. There are also 
 several annual Prizes. The Patronage amounts to twenty-three Bene- 
 fices, and two Masterships of Schools. 
 
 Master, George Archsale-Gradwicke, D.D. 
 
 Sidney Sussex College. — Founded 1598. — This Society 
 consists of the Master and nine Fellows. The Fellowships are all 
 open to natives of any part of her Majesty's dominions. A Mathema- 
 tical Lectureship, present value about ;£'33o per annum, was founded 
 by Mr. Taylor. The Lectureship is not tenable with a Fellowship, and 
 is not vacated by marriage. There has been estabhshed a Mathematical 
 Library, and also a Laboratory for the use of Students in Natural 
 Science. At the end of Easter Term an Examination is held in Chemis- 
 try, Electricity, and General Physics, and a sum not exceeding £,20 
 awarded in one or more Prizes, if any Candidates are of sufficient merit. 
 The number of Foundation Scholarships is double the number of the 
 Fellowships, and are of the value of ^40 per annum each. There are 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 51 
 
 Three Blundell Scholarships of £fio per annum for Tiverton School ; 
 Six senior Taylor Scholarships, each of the value of ;^So a year, with 
 free rooms ; several junior Taylor Scholarships, each of the value of 
 ;£'4o a year, the number depending upon the state of the fund from 
 which they are paid. Two or three of these, according to the number of 
 vacancies, are annually offered to the competition of Students about to 
 commence residence in the University. There is also One Scholarship 
 of ;!^io and One oi £^\2 per annum. The Election usually takes place 
 after the College Examination in the Easter Term, and they are given 
 for proficiency in Mathematics and Natural Science. There are Four 
 Exhibitions, of ;£'32 per annum each, with preference to Oakham or 
 Uppingham Schools ; Two of £^\^ per annum each, for Clergymen's 
 Sons, with preference to Candidates who have been three years at 
 Grantham or Oakham School ; and Two for Clergymen's Sons, value 
 JC\2 each per annum. Two Scholarships may in certain cases be held 
 by the same person, and each will be tenable for three years at least, or 
 until proinotion to another of greater value. There are also several 
 annual Prizes. The Patronage comprises eight Benefices. 
 
 Master, Rev. Robert Phelps, D.D. 
 
 Downing College. — Founded 1800, by Sir George Downing, 
 Bart. The object of the Foundation is the promotion of Studies in 
 Law, Physic, and other useful Arts and Learning. The College con- 
 sists of a Master, Two Professors (one of the Laws of England, and 
 one of Mediciiie), of at least Eight Fellows (two of whom only are 
 required to reside), and of at least Ten Scholars. The Foundation 
 Scholarships are worth ;^So per annum, with the addition generally of 
 rooms free, and an allowance for commons. They are tenable at least 
 until the holder be of standing to take a Degree in Arts, Law, or 
 Medicine. In case of sufficient distinction, the period of tenure is 
 extended to the time when the holder of a Scholarship is of standing to 
 take the Degree of Master of Arts. Scholarships are awarded to 
 Students of the College at the annual Examination after the division of 
 Easter Term. Some are awarded for distinction in Natural Science, or 
 in Moral Philosophy, in connection with the principles of Jurisprudence 
 and International Law. There are Minor Scholarships of £^\o per 
 annum, tenable for two years, or until election to a Foundation 
 Scholarship. These are for Competition among persons who are not 
 Members of the University, or who have not resided one whole Term in 
 any College or in the University. Provision is made for one or two 
 Chaplains according to the circumstances of the College, the appoint- 
 ment being with the Master. There are also annual Prizes. The 
 Patronage comprises two Benefices. 
 
 Master, Rev. Thomas Worsley, D.D. 
 
 NON-COLLEGIATE STUDENTS. 
 
 Students are admitted Members of the University without being 
 Members of any College or Hostel. Such Students keep Terms by 
 residing in Cambridge with their parents or in lodgings duly licensed, 
 and are entitled to be Matriculated, Examined, and admitted to Degrees 
 
52 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 in,the^ame manner and with the same status and privileges as Students 
 who are Members of Colleges. They are under the jurisdiction of the 
 Vice-Chancellor and Proctors, and a special Board for admitting and 
 superintending Non-Collegiate Students, and are required to pay due 
 obedience to all academical regulations. The following is an abridg- 
 ment of the Regulations : — 
 
 Each applicant for admission must produce a Testimonial to character, with a 
 reference to two respectable persons, and also, if not 21 years of age, a statement 
 from his Parent or Guardian that the applicant has his permission to reside at the 
 University as a Non-Collegiate Student. 
 
 If any applicant for admission has at any time commenced residence as a 
 Member of any College or Hostel in the University, he must produce a 
 certificate in a special form, as prescribed by the Senate, from the Head 
 of his College or the Principal of his Hostel. 
 No Grraduate of the University can be admitted as a Non-Collegiate Student. 
 Students are under the supervision of the Censor, to whom they may apply for ad- 
 vice and direction, and by whom their daily residence in the Universily is registered. 
 They are to report themselves to him on their arrival in Cambridge, and at the end of 
 each Term's residence to obtain leave to go down. During residence they are to call 
 on the Censor and write their names in a book, at times to be indicated by him. 
 
 Every Student is to make a written report, when required by the Censor, for the 
 information of the Board, as to the place of Religious Worship he attends, and as to 
 the Lectures he is attending, or the instruction he is pursuing. 
 
 There are Three Terms in the year, viz., the Michaelmas Term, beginning October 
 1st and ending December i6th ; the Lent Term, beginning January 13th and ending 
 the Friday before Good Friday ; and the Easter Term, beginning the Friday after 
 Easter Day, and ending the Friday after the last Tuesday but one in June. 
 
 It is necessary to reside two-thirds of every Term, that it may count for a Degree. 
 Nine Terms' residence is required for each of the Degrees, B.A., LL.B., and M.B. 
 
 Students may, with the consent of the Censor, reside in any lodgings already 
 licensed by the Syndicate for Licensing Lodging Houses ; and the Syndicate has 
 power to grant a special license for any Non-Collegiate Student on the apphcation of 
 the Board. All the rules prescribed by authority of the University or of the Lodging- 
 House Syndicate for the government of Lodging-House Keepers, will be enforced in 
 the case of Non-Collegiate Students. 
 
 Students are not to engage lodgings for themselves without the consent of the 
 Censor, nor for more than one Term in advance. In considering any pro- 
 posed lodgings they are advised to ascertain clearly whether the price 
 charged includes Attendance, Boot-cleaning, Firing, Lights for passages 
 or for rooms, Cooking, Use of linen, articles for the table, crockery, and 
 all other requisites. 
 Every Student has to pay to the Board at the commencement of each term of 
 residence, until he has been admitted to a Degree, the sum of 35s., and to the Univer- 
 sity the same quarterly Capitation Tax as he would have been liable to pay had he been 
 a Member of a College. Such sums must be paid in advance ; and no Student whose 
 payments shall be in arrear will be considered as resident in the University. He must 
 also pay to the Board a Fee of;^3 3s. on admission to every Degree after the first. 
 
 Every Student must pay to the Censor on admission £2 as Caution Money, to be 
 replaced from time to time as payments are made on account of University Dues. 
 The Fee to the University at Matriculation is 15s. Other Fees and dues to the 
 University are the same as for Members of Colleges. 
 
 In ordinary cases the Fees payable as above are the following. AU these fees are 
 to be paid through the Censor : — 
 
 & s. d. 
 
 To the Board, per annum 5 5° 
 
 Capitation Tax 0170 
 
 Matriculation Fee 0150 
 
 Previous Examination Fee 2 10 o 
 
 The Fees for the following Degrees are : — 
 
 £ s- d- 
 B.A. or LL.B. taken at the ordinary times . . .700 
 B.A. or LL.B. taken at other times . . . . 10 lo o 
 M.B 800 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 53 
 
 The weekly cost of Kving is found to vary from 21s. upwards. Total cost from;f4S 
 to ;^S0 per annum. 
 
 Non-Collegiate Students are admitted to the University Library and Museums and 
 to the Professors' Lectures under the same regulations as the other Students, and at 
 several Colleges Lectures are open to them. They are able to compete for University 
 Scholarships in the same manner as other Students. Any Student who wishes to 
 offer himself for any University Examination must send in his name through the 
 Censor. 
 
 Censor, Rev. R. B. Somerset, Trumpington Road, Cambridge. 
 
 UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE FEES AND EXPENSES. 
 
 Caution Money. — The money paid on admission at each College is for — 
 
 Nobleman £^^0 o o I Pensioner ;^IS o o 
 
 Fellow-Commoner . . . 25 o o | Sizar ....... 10 o o 
 
 The Caution Money remains in the hands of the Tutor, and is not returned till a 
 person takes his name off the boards. Noblemen and Fellow-Commoners usually 
 make a present of Plate to the College. 
 
 Admission Fees. — In addition to the Caution, every Student on admission, or 
 coming into residence, makes a payment, differing at different Colleges. 
 
 Matriculation Fees. — The Matriculation fees paid to the Registry for the 
 Common Chest are as follows : — 
 
 Nobleman ;^IS 10 o I Pensioner ;^S o o 
 
 Fellow-Commoner . . . 10 10 o | Sizar o 15 o 
 
 Fee at the Previous Examination. — Before admission to examination at the 
 Previous Examination in every year every Candidate is required to pay the sum of 
 50s. to the Common Chest ; such sum not to be returned to the Candidate in case of 
 his not being approved by the Examiners, but no Student to be required to pay it 
 more than once. 
 
 College Payments. — In each College a quarterly payment is made by each 
 Member of it, according to his degree and condition, on a scale which differs in the 
 several Colleges. 
 
 This payment includes the annual contributions made to the University. These 
 payments may be compounded for in several Colleges, subsequent to the degrees 
 D.D., B.D., LL.D., M.D., M.A., and LL.M. 
 
 Tuition. — The terminal payments of persons in statu pupillari in every College 
 are the following :- 
 
 Sizar £z o o 
 
 Bachelor Fellow-Commoner - 2 10 o 
 
 Nobleman ;^I3 6 8 
 
 Fellow-Commoner .... 10 o o 
 Pensioner 600 
 
 Bachelor of Arts i 10 o 
 
 Such payments being made only during residence. No payment for tuition is 
 ■ required Irom non-resident Bachelors or Undergraduates. 
 
 Fees for Degrees. — The following Rules have been made by the Senate : — 
 1 . That in lieu of the fees now payable to the Common Chest and to the Officers 
 and Servants of the University by Candidates for Degrees, the following fees only be 
 paid to the Common Chest, viz. : 
 
 ;^ S. d. 
 
 On admission to the degree of B.A. or LL.B. at the time or 
 
 times of general admission 700 
 
 On admission to the degree of B.A. or LL.B. at any other 
 
 time 10 10 o 
 
 On admission to the degree of M.A. or LL.M., whether the 
 
 Candidate be a Fellow of a College or not . . .1200 
 On admission to the degree of S.T.B., M.B., or Mus. B. . 800 
 On admission to the degree of M.B. when the Candidate is 
 
 a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Laws . . .200 
 On admission ad fracticandum in medicina . . .200 
 
 On admission to the degree of S.T.P. or LL.D. . . . 20 o 
 On admission to the degree of M.D., whether the Candidate 
 
 be a Bachelor of Medicine or a Master of Arts . . 10 o o 
 On admission to the degree of M.C. (Master in Surgery), 
 
 with no previous degree 18 o o 
 
54 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 £ s- d. 
 
 When the Candidate is B.A. or M.B 12 o o 
 
 When the Candidate is B.A. and M.B 600 
 
 When the Candidate is M.A. or M.D. . . ..100 
 
 On admission to the degree of Mas. D., when the Candidate 
 
 is Mus. B 10 o o 
 
 On admission to the degree of Mus. D., when the Candidate 
 
 has no degree '.5 9°. 
 
 The expense of keeping a Member's name upon the Boards varies in different 
 Colleges from £z to £^ per annum. 
 
 The following Table 01- Annual Expense, regularly incurred by a Student, 
 is calculated for one of the Colleges. The difference is not much at any otlier 
 College : — 
 Annual — £ s. d. 
 
 Tuition 18 o o 
 
 Rooms, Rent 10 o o 
 
 Attendance, Assessed Taxes, &c 650 
 
 Coals 3 10 o 
 
 College Payments 5 7 4 
 
 Cost of Living — 
 
 Breakfast, Dinner, and Tea, at i6s. 6d. a week, for 
 25 weeks, making the average 3 Terms' residence 
 
 in the year 20 12 6 
 
 Laundress ; . .580 
 
 Amount ^bq 2 10 
 
 Rent of Rooms varies in the several Colleges from £/\ to £^0. 
 
 Prices of Lodgings — 8s. to 28s. per week : the most frequent Payment is 14s. or 
 i6s. ; and Half-Price in Vacations. 
 
 Entertainment in Rooms, Attendance of a Gyp, Orders in the Hall, are extra and 
 optional. 
 
 Private Tuition is for the most part ;^8 a Term. 
 
 Personal Expenses and Tradesmen's Bills are extras, and are paid by the Student 
 himself, or through the Tutor, as may be found expedient. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LOCAL EXAMINATIONS. 
 
 The Examinations are held in December, one for Junior and one for 
 Senior Students. The Syndicate also undertakes the Examination of 
 Schools, and in 1870 nearly 2,000 Boys and Girls were Examined in 
 this manner. The number in the Local Examinations was 2,620, 
 being an increase of 25 per cent, on the previous year. The Examina- 
 tions are for Boys and Girls between the ages of thirteen and eighteen, 
 and for Women above the age of eighteen. A Scholarship of £,d,o a year 
 is given to the most successful Candidate in the Girls' Examination, and 
 also an Exhibition of about 50 guineas, which includes residence at the 
 Bedford Ladies' College, London. Exhibitions of ;^25 and ^£40 per 
 annum, with free attendance at three Courses of Lectures in Cam- 
 bridge each Term (equivalent to 9 guineas more) are given in the 
 Women's Examination. A large number of Scholarships and Prizes 
 are given annually at the various Centres; the Legal and other 
 Professions accept the Certificate in lieu of Preliminary Examina- 
 tion. The Regulations, and subjects and papers for Girls, are precisely 
 the same as those for Boys, with the exception that at present the 
 names of the Girls are not published. The Examination for Women 
 was instituted in 1869. The number of Candidates in July, 1871, was 
 128, being an increase of 50 per cent, upon the previous year. In con- 
 nection with the Education of Women, Lectures have been given for 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 55 
 
 the last three or four years in Cambridge by Professors of the University 
 and Colleges. (See Part II. Daughters.) The Regulations for each 
 year are published twelve months before the Examination, and may, 
 with all necessary information, be obtained of the Local Secretary of 
 the place at which the Student wishes to be Examined, or from the 
 Secretary to the Syndicate, Rev. G. F. Browne, St. Catherine's 
 College, Cambridge. 
 
 Banbury .... G. A". Hewett, Esq. 
 
 (Girls) Miss Eason, Oxford Lodge. 
 Birmingham (Girls) Mrs. Fleming, 112, Hagley Road, Edgbaston. 
 Blackheath J. R. Beny, Esq., East House, Blackheath, Kent, S.E, 
 Bloxham .... Rev. Edward Payne, SwalcliiFe Vicarage, Banbury. 
 Brighton . . . Barclay Phillips, Esq., 75, Lansdowne Place. 
 
 [Girls) Mrs. Henry Martin, 4, Powys Road. 
 Bristol Rev. R. "W. Southby, 4, Royal Park, Clifton, Bristol. 
 
 (Girls) Mrs. Wait, 2, Worcester Villas, Clifton. 
 Cambridge . . Rev. G. F. Browne, St. Catherine's College. 
 
 {Girls) Mrs. Liveing, Newnham, 
 Cannock .... Rev. George Sydenham, Hall Court Grammar School. 
 
 (Girls) Mrs. Trevelyan Smith, Vicarage. 
 Den HIGH .... Rev. J. H. Roberts. 
 Derby Rev. Walter Clark, M.A., St. Helen's. 
 
 (Girls) Mrs. Roe, Osraaston Road. 
 Donington . . Rev. Dr. Constable, The Grammar School. 
 
 (Girls) Mrs. Gleed, Park House. 
 
 Exeter F. Pollard, Esq., i. Upper Paul Street. 
 
 Finchley . . . Rev. T. C. Whitehead, M.A., The College. 
 Framlingham Rev. Albert Daymond, Albert College. 
 Harrogate . . R. H. Davis, Esq., Regent's Parade. 
 HuDDERSFlELD H. Barker, Esq., Railway Street, St. George's Square. 
 
 (Girls) Miss Lowenthal, Bellevue House. 
 Hull Robert Jameson, Esq., Eastella House. 
 
 (Girls) Mrs. Lucas, 25, Park Street. 
 Leeds H. H. Sale, Esq., Victoria Chambers. 
 
 (Girls) Miss WUson, Hilary Place. 
 Liverpool . . . E. F. Evans, Esq., 44, St. Domingo Vale, Everton. 
 
 (Girls) Miss Calder, 49, Canning Street. 
 
 London Robert St. John Corbet, Esq., 10, Portman Street, W. 
 
 City of Rev. W. Panckridge, St. Thomas Charter-house School. 
 
 (Girls) Mrs. W. Burbury, IDA, Gloucester Road, Queen's Gate, W. 
 Malvern .... Mr. S. Bucknall, Belvoir ViUa, North Malvern. 
 - , ( Rev, R. Tonee, Meaton-Mersey. 
 
 Manchester ^ Rev. J. M. Elvy, Cathedral. 
 
 (Girls) Rev. Canon Beechey, Worsley Vicarage. 
 Northampton Rev. C. Cookson, Dallington Vicarage. 
 Norwich .... Rev. Hinds Howell, Drayton Rectory. 
 
 (Girls) Miss M. A. Howell, Drayton Rectory. 
 Plymouth . . . Hamilton Whiteford, Esq., Courtenay Street. 
 
 (Girls) Mrs. Metcalfe, Christ Church Vicarage. 
 Reading .... Theodore H. White, Esq., Richmond House. 
 
 (Girls) Mrs. J. Craft, 10, London Street. 
 Sheffield . . . W. Smith, Esq., 8, Campo Lane. 
 
 (Girls) Miss Keeling, 16, Broomhall Street. 
 Southampton Rev. A. Sells, Polygon House. 
 SouTHPORT . . . Rev. Francis Cooper, Duke Street 
 
 (Girls) Miss Taylor, Birklands, Birkdale Park. 
 Trinidad . . . . H. Deighton, M.A., Queen's Collegiate School. 
 West Buckland J. H. Thompson, Esq., Devon County School. 
 Weston-super-Mare Rev. R.H. Bigsby, Grosvenor Villas. 
 Windsor . . . . W. H. Harris, Esq., Clewer House. 
 Wolverhampton Mr. Barford, Queen Street. 
 York Rev. R. Bresher, 50, Coney Street. 
 
 (^Girls) Mrs. Temple C. Paley, Petergate. 
 
56 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 These Centres do not limit their operations to the towns named, but 
 render all practicable aid to the neighbouring localities. 
 
 Fees. — Every one admitted to Examination will be required to pay to the Univer- 
 sity 20S., which payment is usually made through the Secretary of the Local Centre. 
 In some cases a small Local Fee has to be added to this amount ; in others the 
 University Fee is partly paid by subscriptions in aid of the object. 
 
 THE BISHOP OF WINCHESTER UPON OXFORD AND 
 CAMBRIDGE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS. 
 
 The Right Rev. Bishop said he had special pleasure in meeting those young ladies 
 and young men who had been working, and distinguishing themselves as the result of 
 that work, by showing that they were able intellectually to cope with the difficulties 
 of life. He did not know a more interesting subject to any thinking man than to 
 meet young people, seeing the intelligence beaming in their faces, and forecasting for 
 them what would be their course of life, and what would be the result of their training. 
 He also felt special interest in this particular movement, which had been set on foot 
 for the purpose of quickening Education. He considered it of the deepest importance 
 to the Universities themselves that they should come back in a measure to what was 
 undoubtedly their original intention and work — ^he meant being the helpers forward of 
 the Education of the whole country, and not of one particular class only. He thought 
 there was nothing more dangerous for a country than the condition in which this 
 country was placed — in which wealth was running together in very great lumps in 
 certain hands — than anything which tended to produce that stagnation of circulation 
 in the body politic so very closely allied to an apoplectic fit in the whole of society ; 
 and therefore anything which tended honourably and really, without any kind of show 
 or false pretence, but mingling with every class in every possible contest for intel- 
 lectual supremacy, and showing a hearty interest in giving to other classes an oppor- 
 tunity of competing with them — that he believed to be one of the most wholesome 
 influences which could be brought to bear upon society. He beheved that the scheme 
 of University Education tended in that direction. What was wanting was to cut 
 through the opposing jungle of the different ranks in England — to cut a path which 
 would let those to whom the gift of genius had been given, rise honourably and 
 naturally, and not spasmodically and by those convulsions which tended to tear society 
 as they advanced from the lowest to the highest. He believed that University Edu- 
 cation tended in a great measure to cut those paths. Men of great genius would go 
 up, just as bubbles would rise from the bottom of a pool when it was stirred. That 
 was what he wanted to see. What he wanted to find was, by the natural course of 
 things in society, a way open by which they could naturally rise, and assert the 
 supremacy which God had imprinted upon them in giving them superior abilities. 
 He saw a great many ways in which the system of University Examination tended in 
 that direction. He believed these Examinations themselves to be uncommonly whole- 
 some things, provided they were not too frequent. They ought to be like cold baths 
 to young men — just a jump in and out was strengthening. For ever to sit in cold 
 water, or too frequently, might be rather dangerous. Examinations might be employed 
 to too great a degree. It was possible to have over-examination. But when Examina- 
 tions were not too frequent, but real and searching, their effect was admirable. A 
 proper examination afforded a boy the opportunity of knowing himself, and of ascer- 
 taining his deficiency, and then he would learn how to succeed on another occasion. 
 It was a great shame that a large town like Southampton should be falling short in 
 that great element of the training of the human intellect — the knowledge of the dead 
 languages. Nothing would make up for the sinking in the common spread of that 
 useful training, if we gave it up for anything else. The veiy fact that it did not at 
 once seem to yield any fruit was an advantage. Anything that gave an immediate 
 result as the effect of study, was not half so good as that wrestling with difficulties 
 which kept the prize still ahead a little, and made a young man, instead of being 
 content with first successes, go plodding on to a later and gieater success. Another 
 advantage of the Universities giving these Examinations was this. Not only was it 
 an advantage to the boys themselves, but to the schools in which they were taught. 
 A school which was not subjected to any external examination seemed to him to be 
 in a very dangerous condition. It was excessively easy to have extraordinary and 
 well-taught boys, because they were never tried. He had seen the working of some 
 schools in the Midland Counties. He had known the case of a school in which were 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 57 
 
 a few boys uncommonly ill-taught, but in which at the end of every half-year every 
 boy got a prize. Master Smith would show his parents a book, which cost perhaps 
 two shillings, in which was written the most solemn assurance that he was almost a 
 prodigy, that he had attended to all his lessons, and was one of the first boys in the 
 school, and the poor father and mother would expect to see him Lord Chancellor or 
 Archbishop of Canterbury in the course of time. But when it came to be dis- 
 covered, from Thompson's book and Gibb's book, that both were the best boys, 
 though they each knew very little, it was found not to be a comfortable thing to send 
 boys to such a school. The only way to remedy that evil was the Examination 
 System. How different from the plan of scratch me and I'U scratch you ! The 
 Examinations were constructed upon the plan of pricking the windbags and letting the 
 wind out, and showing that they were windbags. That was the great blessing of 
 these Examinations. They came from quarters where there could be no suspicion of 
 prejudice or partiality, or a desire to praise any one, and so they were like the Mint 
 trial of the professing coin of the realm. They were very exact in one sense, very 
 severe, very remunerative to the true coin, never by any chance declaring it to be false 
 coin ; dealing mercilessly with the false coin, never failing to break it up and bring it 
 to discomfiture. He beheved that the Universities in instituting these Examinations had 
 done great good to the cause of Education. There was nothing at this moment of 
 greater importance than that the whole of the great Middle Class should be well 
 educated. Great efforts were being made, and with success, to educate those whose 
 vocations were almost exclusively dependent upon their hands and sinews, and if a 
 class in our composite society came to be educated far better than the class of society 
 just above them, and who had to employ them, we should be in a condition of society 
 which never had existed without a convulsion following. When the air became fully 
 impregnated with electric action, there was sure to be \i. thunderstorm before long, 
 and it was impossible to say what might be the result. When society became 
 thoroughly disorganised it was very difficult to set it right again, and therefore it was 
 of extreme moment that the Middle Class should keep thoroughly ahead of the Social 
 Class which necessarily stood just below them in the matter of Education. It was 
 very well that the mere working man should tread upon the heels of those just a little 
 before him, provided the man before him would step out and not go tumbling down ; 
 but if those behind overwalked those who waUced before them, the utmost confusion 
 would ensue. He therefore thought that it was of great moment that the Middle 
 Class, who after all were the great stratum of the strength, of the increasing wealth of 
 the country, forming and maintaining its moral character, which had placed England 
 at the head of the nations of the earth — it was of great moment to maintain in that 
 class a high standard of Education to guard against any possible evil ; and, therefore, 
 he rejoiced at the introduction of this system, which was eminently calculated to 
 quicken education, to raise its character, to spread it in the best manner, and to set it 
 before the class to which it was eminently adapted. He believed it to be one of the 
 greatest boons that could be confened upon the country. — Speech delivered before the 
 Pupils and Teachers of the Hartley Institution, Southampton. 
 
 OBJECTIONS TO COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS 
 ANSWERED. 
 
 It is often urged that those who train their pupils for the Local University 
 Examination sacrifice the boys of inferior talents to those of higher gifts, and that, 
 therefore, such picked boys are not fair samples of the general success of a school. 
 Now, in the first place, it is a common fallacy to suppose that cramming a special 
 subject brings success to pupils in their Examination ; for, to succeed at all, the can- 
 didate must be thoroughly up in his preliminary and general subjects, such as Arith- 
 metic, Grammar, and other points commonly taught to all boys ; and, strictly speaking, 
 the candidate is not examined in any subject which cannot be, and is not, for the most 
 part, taught to a CLASS of boys at school. 
 
 There the candidate learns with his class-mates, and receives the same lessons 
 and instructions as his class-mates. But is the educator to be blamed because one 
 pupil can and does profit more, under precisely similar circumstances, by his instruc- 
 tion, than another not equally talented, and, as is often the case, not equally diligent ? 
 
 It is not that the master teaches one hoy more than another, but that one boy 
 happens to learn more than another — from whatever cause it may arise — for the teach- 
 ing is the same and common to all. Are we to blame the husbandman who sows the 
 same seed with the same generous and industrious hand, because some seed wiU 
 
S8 SOMS ANX) DAUGHTERS. 
 
 bring forth a hundredfold and others will not bring forth at all ? The simple truth 
 seems to be that in dealing vidth the human mind, we are dealing with the most 
 mysterious and uncertain agency in the whole of God's creation. To calculate on the 
 certainty of its functions and the results of its operations, is like calculating on a sum 
 whose figures are changing under our very eyes, and baffle our attempt to add them 
 with correctness. In the next place, I may remark that, if it is fair for the horti- 
 culturist to exhibit, for competitive purposes, the fairest specimens of his skill, it is 
 surely equally fair for the educator ; nor is the horticulturist to be blamed, because, 
 whatever may be his skill, or diligence, he cannot convert the cauliflower into the 
 rose, and create functions denied by nature. Whatever, then, may be the motives of 
 those who raise up the cry against the Oxford and Cambridge Local Examinations, 
 I maintain, notwithstanding, its utter unfairness, knowing as I do, from personal 
 inspection of school programmes, that in most of the schools where pupils are so 
 prepared, every justice is done to those who do not go up for such Examinations by 
 the master, who gives them the same attention as those whose talent, health, or any 
 other circumstance, may render them more apt to profit by instruction and to meet 
 the ordeal of an examination. — F. S. de Carteret-Bisson, F.R.G.S., in the 
 Oxford and Cambridge Local Examination Record, 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM. 
 
 The University is the representative of an ancient College, as well 
 as of a Benedictine Priory, of the fourteenth century. The College 
 owed much of its prosperity to Bishops Richard de Bury and Hat- 
 field. It was dissolved at the Reformation, and the advowsons and 
 other endowments were granted by Henry VIII. to the new Dean and 
 Chapter of Durham. The great and increasing population of the North 
 of England, and its remoteness from the Universities of Oxford and 
 Cambridge, long pointed out the expediency of establishing in the 
 north of the kingdom ah Institution which should secure to the inha- 
 bitants the advantages of a sound, yet inexpensive, academical education. 
 A plan was therefore arranged between the Bishop and the Dean and 
 Chapter for the foundation of a University in connection with the 
 Cathedral Church ; the Chapter undertaking to assign immediately to 
 this purpose property producing ;£^3,ooo per annum ; and the Bishop 
 promising to provide eventually for the Warden, the Professor of 
 Divinity, and the Professor of Greek. Under the authority of an 
 Act of Parliament, the University was opened in 1833 ; a Royal 
 Charter was granted in 1837, and the first Degrees were conferred in 
 June of that year. In addition to the Ordinary Academical Degrees, 
 the University confers Academical Titles for Civil Engineering and 
 Mining Engineering. 
 
 In Michaelmas Term, 1870, a Regulation was passed providing that 
 persons should be admissible as Members of the University without 
 becoming Members of any College or Hall, oi) condition that they 
 resided in some house or lodging approved by the Warden and Proctors. 
 
 Provision is thus made for a regular course of general academical 
 education similar to that which is given at Oxford and Cambridge. The 
 qualifications of Students to enter on this course are ascertained by 
 Examination before admission. Their proficiency during its continuance 
 is ascertained by public Examinations held annually, particularly by one 
 at the end of the second year, for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM. 59 
 
 FELLOWSHIPS. 
 
 There are Twelve University Fellowships, open to all Students who 
 have graduated in Arts, of ;£^i2o acd ;£iSo a year, tenable for eight or 
 ten years. They are awarded by Examination.] 
 
 SCHOLARSHIPS AND EXHIBITIONS. 
 
 Foundation Scholarships. — Five, of £,^^0 a year each, tenable for 
 three years. Seven, of ,^^30 a year each,- tenable for three years. The 
 University Classical Scholarship, J[^t,o a year, tenable for one year. The 
 University Mathematical Scholarship, £10 a year, tenable for one year. 
 A Scholarship attached to Durham Grammar School, ^^30 a year, 
 tenable for three years. 
 
 Private Foundations. — The Van Mildert, ,^^50 a year, tenable for 
 one year by a Bachelor of Arts who is a Student in Theology. The 
 Gisborne, ;^2o a year, tenable for three years. The Lindsay, ^^43 los. 
 a year, tenable for three years by natives of the Diocese of Durham 
 who have been three years at least pupils at the Durham Grammar 
 School, with a preference for the kin of the late Ralph Lindsay. Two 
 Pemberton Scholarships, ^^30 a year each, tenable for three years by 
 Students of University College. These Scholarships can be obtained 
 only in the first Michaelmas Term of residence. The EUerton, £2 1 a 
 year, tenable by natives of Yorkshire, with a preference for those of the 
 North Riding, educated at Richmond Grammar School. The Barry, 
 ;^30 a year, tenable for one year by Students in Theology. The 
 Newby, ;^2i a year, tenable by Students in Arts until they are of 
 sufficient standing to present themselves for the final examination for 
 the Degree of B.A. A Theological Scholarship, ^^30 a year, tenable 
 for two years by the candidate who passes the best examination on 
 admission as a Theological Student. The Thorp, £,\^ a year, tenable 
 for one year on condition of residence, study, conformity to discipline, 
 and limited means. Four Medical Scholarships, of ;^25 a year, tenable 
 for four years by Students in Medicine. 
 
 Exhibitions. — Two Exhibitions, of ;^3o a year each, and One of 
 ;^4o, tenable for one year by Theological Students in their first year. 
 Two, of ;£3o a year each, and One of j[^\o, tenable by Theological 
 Students in their second year. Two, of ^£'40, open to Students in 
 Theology who have passed the Examination for the Degree of B.A., or 
 any higher Degree in the University of Durham, or in some other 
 University where the Examinations are of a similar character. Exhibi- 
 tions granted by Lord Crewe's and Bishop Barrington's Trustees are 
 tenable at the University of Durham. The Barrington Exhibitions are 
 held by sons of Clergymen in the Diocese of Durham. There is, further, 
 an Exhibition Fund of j[^^o a year for the assistance of deserving 
 Students of limited means : also an Exhibition Fund connected with 
 Durham Grammar School. 
 
 The Scholarships and Exhibitions are open to all competitors, and 
 are awarded by Examination, except in cases where the contrary is 
 specified. A necessary condition of tenure is residence in the Uni- 
 versity as a Student in one of the regular courses. No holder of a 
 Foundation Scholarship of £^^0 a year can hold together with it the 
 
6q sons and daughters. 
 
 Gisborne or a Peftiberton, or any Foundation Scholarship or Exhibition 
 °f jQl^ ^ year, except the University Classical and Mathematical 
 Scholarships, nor any Scholarship or Exhibitions of Private Foundation, 
 except the Barry Scholarship, amounting to more than ;^30 a year. No 
 holder of a Foundation Scholarship of /^^o a year can hold together 
 with it Scholarships or Exhibitions of any kind, except the University 
 Classical and Mathematical Scholarships, and the Barry Scholarship, 
 amounting to more than £50 a year. 
 
 Prizes.— Two, of ;^so each, for Students in Theology on passing 
 their final examination. Prizes of smaller amount are given annually for 
 Classics, Mathematics, Theology, and Hebrew. Prizes will be founded 
 for the School of Physical Science so soon as the funds of the Uni- 
 versity permit. 
 
 TERMS AND DEGREES. 
 
 The Academical year consists of three Terms, called respectively 
 Michaelmas, Epiphany, and Easter Terms. The Michaelmas Term 
 begins not earlier than the first day of October. The Easter Term ends 
 not later than the seventh day of July. Final Examinations take place 
 twice in each year, in the months of June and December, at the end of 
 the Easter and the Michaelmas Term. 
 
 The period of residence in each year is eight months for Students in 
 any Faculty except Theology ; for Students in Theology six months. 
 
 No Degree in any Faculty, nor the License in Theology, nor the 
 Academical Rank of Associate in Physical Science, or of Mining or 
 Civil Engineer, can be obtained without residence in the University. 
 
 Persons are admissible as Members of the University without being 
 Members of any College, Hall, or House, provided they reside in some 
 house or lodging approved by the Warden and Proctors. 
 
 The Degree of B.A., a license in Theology, and the Academical 
 Rank of Associate in Physical Science, can be obtained severally after a 
 residence of two years, on passing the requisite Examinations. 
 
 Candidates for admission as Students in Arts or Civil Law are required 
 to pass an Examination in the Rudiments of the Christian Religion, in 
 the Greek and Latin languages, and in Arithmetic and the elements of 
 Mathematics. Candidates may select any Greek and any Latin author 
 melioris avi et notes. 
 
 Persons who have passed the final Examination for the Degree of 
 B.A., or any higher Degree, at Durham, Oxford, Cambridge, Dublin, or 
 any other University in which the Examination is of a similar character 
 to that required at Durham, are admissible as Students in Theology, 
 without further Examination, and may obtain the License in Theology 
 after residing one Academical year of six months, and passing the 
 requisite Examination. 
 
 All other Candidates for admission as Students in Theology must 
 have attained the age of nineteen years, and are required to pass an 
 Examination, the subjects of which are contained in the List of Subjects 
 published annually. 
 
 Licentiates in Theology can obtain the Degree of B.A. after residing 
 one Academical year and passing the requisite Examination. 
 
 Candidates for Admission in Arts and Theology who fail to pass the 
 
UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM. 6i 
 
 requisite Examination are admissible, on the recommendation of the 
 Examiners, as Probationary Students. 
 
 Candidates for admission as Students in Physical Science, Civil 
 Engineering, or Mining, are required to pass an Examination in the 
 Elements of Mathematics and other subjects. 
 
 The Academical Rank of Mining Engineer, or that of Civil Engineer, 
 can be obtained by any Student after residing one Academical year of 
 Eight Months in the University, and passing two public Examinations. 
 In order to be admitted to the second of these Examinations, he must 
 produce Certificates of his having been engaged in practical work con- 
 nected with Mining or Civil Engineering for a period of not less than 
 two years. 
 
 A License in Medicine or in Surgery may be obtained by Students of 
 the age of twenty-one years or upwards, who have spent four years in 
 Medical and Surgical Study since their Registration at one or more of 
 the Schools recognised by the Licensing Bodies, and have passed the 
 requisite Examinations in the University. 
 
 The Degrees of Bachelor in Medicine, or Master in Surgery, may be 
 obtained by Licentiates in Medicine or Licentiates in Surgery of the 
 standing of Eighteen Terms (six years) from Registration or Matricula- 
 tion in the University, who have spent one year at least in Medical 
 Study at some School of Medicine in connection with the University, 
 and have, further, resided one year as Students in Arts either at Durham 
 or at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and have passed the requisite Examinations. 
 
 The Degree of Doctor of Medicine may be obtained by Bachelors of 
 Medicine of the standing of twenty-one Terms (seven years) from Regis- 
 tration or Matriculation, who ha\ e performed the requisite Exercises. 
 
 Persons not Members of the University, on satisfying the Warden that 
 they are of good moral character, may -attend the Lectures of any Pro- 
 fessor or Lecturer, with his consent, on paying fees, to be fixed by the 
 Senate, to such Professor or Lecturer. The Senate shall make such 
 regulations as shall secure the good conduct and discipline of these non- 
 matriculated Students. 
 
 The Church Service of the University is that of the Cathedral of 
 Durham. No Student who is not a Member of the United Church of 
 England and Ireland is obliged to attend the Services of that Church. 
 
 INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 University Library. — Founded on the opening of the University, 
 the late Bishop Van Mildert contributing, with other costly works, a 
 collection of the Benedictine Fathers. Books may be taken out by 
 Members of the University, under certain regulations. 
 
 RouTH, Maltby, and WiNTERBorroM Libraries. — The late Dr. 
 Martin Routh, President of Magdalen College, Oxford, before his death, 
 made over to the University of Durham his extensive Library of rare and 
 valuable works. The late Bishop Maltby, in 1856, presented to the 
 University a valuable Library, collected by him at Auckland Castle, with 
 an endowment of;£'i,ooo. The late T. M. Winterbottom, M.D., of 
 Westhoe, South Shields, bequeathed to the University a large collection 
 of works in Philology, the Classics, and general Literature, including 
 many in the European Languages. 
 
62 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Museum. — Soon after the University was founded, the Rev. Thomas 
 Gisborne presented a collection of objects of Natural History, which has 
 received additions from Members of the University and others. 
 
 Observatory. — In the year 1839 a collection of astronomical instru- 
 ments, including a transit instrument, a telescope of above eight feet 
 focal length, by Fraunhofer, mounted equatorially, and a clock by 
 Hardy, were purchased by the Members and friends of the University, 
 to furnish an Observatory. The Duke of Northumberland, in the year 
 1846, made an addition, by presenting an excellent Refracting Telescope. 
 
 University College. — The Founders of Durham University, 
 in framing their plans for an eflScient academical education, desired to 
 provide, not only for the delivery of able lectures, but also for the 
 maintenance of the system of domestic discipline and instruction which 
 has been found so efficacious in the Universities of Oxford and Cam- 
 bridge. With this view they formed a College within the University, 
 fitting up buildings for the reception of Students, and appointing Censors 
 and Tutors to watch over their conduct and direct their studies, under 
 the superintendence of the Warden. These accommodations for Stu- 
 dents were subsequently much enlarged, especially by the addition of 
 the Castle of Durham with its precincts, which is now held in trust 
 by the Bishop for the benefit of the University. This acquisition pro- 
 vided the College with an excellent Chapel and Hall, besides affording 
 a number of convenient rooms for the reception of Students and for 
 general academical purposes. The Pemberton Fellowship, of the 
 annual value of ;^ioo and tenable for ten years, and the two Pem- 
 berton Scholarships, of the annual value of ;^3o each and tenable for 
 three years, are restricted to Members of University College. 
 
 Master, Rev. Joseph Waite, M.A. 
 
 Bishop Hatfield's Hall. — Upon the same principle of uniting 
 domestic discipline with efficient lectures, and with the especial view of 
 placing these advantages within the reach of persons of limited means, 
 a new Hall, called "Bishop Hatfield's Hall," was opened in Michaelmas 
 Term, 1846, and enlarged by a considerable building in 1849. 
 
 The rooms in the College and Hall are let furnished, by which plan 
 the expenses of a Student's outfit are greatly diminished ; and in other 
 respects also their arrangements are made on an economical scale. 
 Students in every Faculty are received in the Hall as in the College. 
 The members of each Society are subject to the same discipline, are 
 under the same Tutors, and are eligible for the most part to the same 
 endowments. The exceptions are, that the Pemberton Fellow and 
 Scholars must be members of University College, and that in the 
 appointment to Bishop Maltby's Exhibition, a preference is given to 
 Bishop Hatfield's Hall. 
 
 Principal, Rev. James Barmby, B.D. 
 
 UNATTACHED STUDENTS. 
 
 Examinations are held annually for persons who are not Members of 
 the University — one for Junior, and another for Senior Candidates^ 
 
UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM. 63 
 
 ■ Juniors must be under the age of sixteen, and Seniors under eighteen. 
 Every Candidate must send his name to the Rev. J. Barmby, B.D., 
 University, Durham, at least two months before the Examination. 
 
 Every Junior Candidate who passes any of these Examinations shall 
 receive a Certificate. A separate Certificate shall be given for each of the 
 four Examinations. The Certificate shall specify the subjects in which 
 the Candidate has satisfied the Examiners, and the class in which he 
 has been placed. Every one who, at the Examination for Senior Can- 
 didates, passes Examination A, and any one of the other Examinations 
 also, shall, in addition to a Certificate, receive the Title of Literate. 
 
 UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE EXPENSES. 
 
 UNIVERSITY. £ S. d. 
 
 Admission Fee 200 
 
 Terminal Expenses. 
 
 Tuition, including Fees to the Professors of the University . . . 4 10 o 
 
 Censors' Fees o 10 o 
 
 University Chest o 10 o 
 
 University Library o 10 o 
 
 Non-resident Students, vpho are not Bachelors of Arts, Licentiates in Theo- 
 logy, Associates in Physical Science, or who have not obtained the Aca- 
 demical K.anlc of Mining or of Civil Engineer, pay terminally IDs. to the Chest, 
 los. to the Library, and if Members of a College, Hall, or House, los. to such 
 College, HaU, or House. 
 
 Fee on admission to any Ordinary Public Examination ;^I. 
 
 Eveiy B.A. Licentiate in Theology, Associate in Physical Science, or 
 Mining or Civil Engineer, in order to count Terms, pays terminally to the 
 Chest IDS. until he takes the degree of M.A. In the case of a B.A., this- 
 charge, together with the annual payment of £1, required after the M.A. 
 Degree (see below), may both be compounded for by one payment oi£^, upon 
 his taking the Degree of B.A. 
 
 Every M.A., in order to be a Member of Convocation, pays to the Chest £1 
 annually, or in lieu of it a composition of ^^5. This composition may be paid 
 at an earlier period, as above speciiied. 
 
 The following are the Fees payable upon admission to each degree, &c. : — B.A. 
 £3; Associate inPhysical Science ;^3; Mining Engineer ;f 3 ; Civil Engineer ^^3; 
 Licentiate in Theology ;^3 (or for a B. A. ;^i); M.A.j^6; B.D.;f6; D.D./"io; 
 B.C.L. £6; D.C.L. ;£'io; Licentiate in Medicine ^3: M.C.;^3; M.B. /e; 
 M.D. £6 ; Mus. B. £6 ; Mus. D. £6 ; Ad Eundem 5s. 
 
 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. £ s. d. 
 
 Caution Money (returned when a Student leaves) 20 o o 
 
 Rent of College Rooms (unfurnished) from £/^. to 5 o o 
 
 College Commons, comprising dinner and meat luncheon, per week . . 0150 
 
 Service and Gas 3 15 o 
 
 Fire for Hall, Kitchen, and Rooms 1150 
 
 Detriments iio 
 
 Every B.A., in order to count Terms, pays terminally to the College 5s. untU he 
 is of sufficient standing to take the Degree of M.A. ; or he may compound for this 
 charge by a payment of;^i is., made to the College upon his taking the Degree of B.A. 
 
 Upon admission to the high table £2 is paid to the College by those Members who 
 have proceeded to their Degrees in Arts at Durham, and £^ by those who have been 
 admitted ad eundem from other Universities. 
 
 The Annual Expenses of a Student at the College,"including those of the University 
 as well as the College, may be calculated at ;^85 to £<fi. Married Students may 
 lodge in the Town. Those who do so are exempt from payment of Rent for College 
 Booms. 
 
64 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 BISHOP HATFIELD'S HALL. £, S. d. 
 
 Caution Money (returned when a Student leaves) 15 o o 
 
 Terminal Expenses for Students in Arts, (Sr'c, residing during eight 
 months in each year. £ s. 
 
 Rent of College Rooms, furnished 66 to 880 
 
 Commons or Board, including servants and all domestic Charges (beer and ) t t o 
 washing excepted) per week ] 
 
 Termiruil Expenses of Students in Theology residing during six 
 months of each year. £ s. 
 
 Rent of College Room, furnished 55 to 770 
 
 Commons or Board, including servants and all domestic Charges (washing ) j , „ 
 and beer excepted) per week ] 
 
 College of Medicine, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in connection with 
 Durham University. — Officers of the College are Officers of the Uni- 
 versity in the Faculty of Medicine, and Students of the College, who 
 are Matriculated members of the University, or are " Registered," are 
 Students of the University in the same Faculty. From their Registra- 
 tion Students may proceed to a License and the Degrees of Bachelor 
 and Doctor in Medicine, and the Degree of Master in Surgery. Students 
 residing in the University are subject to the same discipline as other 
 Students. Students pursuing their course at Newcastle are under the 
 control of the President and Council. 
 
 Scholarships. — Matriculated Students are eligible to Scholarships in 
 the University. (See Durham University Scholarships.) 
 
 Students of the College have daily access to extensive Libraries in 
 the College and Infirmary. The Museums of Anatomy, Pathology, and 
 Materia Medica, are open daily. The Lectures comprise a full course 
 of Medical preparation, including Midwifery, Operative Surgery, Dis- 
 sections, and Chemistry. 
 
 Secretary, W. C. Arnison, M.D. 
 
 College of Physical Science, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in con- 
 nection with Durham University. — Lectures are given by Professors 
 on the following subjects : — Pure and Applied Mathematics, Chemistry, 
 Experimental Physics, Geology, Mineralogy, and Biology. Special 
 attention paid to the apphcation of Science to Engineering, Mining, 
 Manufactures, and Agriculture. 
 
 Four Exhibitions of ;£is a year each, and tenable for two years by 
 persons pursuing their studies at the College, will be open to public 
 competition. 
 
 Two similar Exhibitions will be awarded to Candidates foi- Examina- 
 tions held in June, _ by the University of Durham, for persons not 
 members of the University, who shall most distinguish themselves in 
 subjects aUied to Physical Science, supposing them to attain a sufficient 
 standard of excellence. 
 
 The Course of Study extends over two years. There are three Terms 
 each year ; the length of each Term being from ten to twelve weeks. 
 
 Fees. — The charge for each course of Lectures is ^^5 5s. a year ; a separate 
 charge is made for the use of the Laboratory ; the Fee for Admission to the College 
 
 iS;^IIS. 
 
 Secretary, T. W. Bunning, Esq. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS. 65 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS. 
 
 The most ancient University in Scotland. Founded by Henry Ward- 
 law, Bishop of the Diocese, 141 1. Besides the sanction of the Roman 
 See, the Metropolitan University continued to enjoy Royal support, 
 under a long succession of charters. From its national position and 
 privileges, its usefulness steadily increased ; while, by the munificence of 
 subsequent Benefactors, it became liberally endowed with Bursaries and 
 other aids for the Encouragement of Learning. The influence of the 
 University rapidly increased, and ultimately included three separate 
 Colleges and Corporations : — i. St. Salvator's College ; 2. St. 
 Leonard's College ; 3. The College of St. Mary. As a corporate 
 body, the University consists of a Chancellor, Rector, two Principals, 
 Professors, Registered Graduates and Alumni, and Matriculated Students. 
 The Government is invested in the University Court and the Senatus 
 Academicus. The Colleges are independent in their meetings, and the 
 management of their respective properties ; ordinarily also in their 
 arrangements as to the teaching and discipline of their respective 
 Classes. Returns one Member to Parliament, in union with the 
 University of Edinburgh. 
 
 INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 The University Library was founded by James VI. in 16 10. A 
 Library existed in each of the Colleges from its foundation. The 
 Libraries were subsequently augmented by many liberal Benefactors. 
 About the middle of the last century the Libraries were amalgamated. The 
 common Library now contains about 100,000 printed volumes, includ- 
 ing valuable Encyclopaedias, editions of the Classics, and standard works 
 of Continental Literature, besides many rare and curious specimens of 
 early typography, and upwards of 150 Manuscripts, some of which are 
 of great interest and value. There is a Reading-Room for consulting 
 books, and volumes are also lent to Students upon certain conditions. 
 There are also Class Libraries, containing works bearing specially 
 upon subjects taught in the respective Classes. 
 
 The Museum contains a general collection of Minerals, Fossils, Ana- 
 tomical Preparations, Zoological Specimens, Herbarium of Local Plants, 
 Ancient and Modem Coins, Objects of Antiquity, local and foreign, and 
 many objects of historical and archaeological interest. The Museum is 
 freely accessible to Students, and special arrangements are made to 
 facilitate their studies. 
 
 Societies. — There are Literary, Classical, Celtic, and Temperance 
 Debating Societies ; a Theological and a Missionary Society. These 
 Societies meet in the evenings, after College hours, for the purpose of 
 debate, conversation, or study. 
 
 BURSARIES, PRIZES, AND SCHOLARSHIPS. 
 
 These are derived from the annual proceeds of funds which have 
 been mortified for the benefit of Students, from time to time, since the 
 foundation of the University. Two valuable endowments have recently 
 been added. 
 
66 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 The number of Bursaries attached to the United College is seventy- 
 six, varying in value from ;£^ to £,^0 per annum. The endowments 
 for Special Prizes yield annually about £,11^. 
 
 The number of Bursaries belonging to St. Mary's College is twenty, 
 in value from _^ 6 t0;^so per annum. There are also twenty Bursaries 
 of the same value, transferable from the United College, when the 
 Bursars proceed to the study of Divinity. In this College there are 
 two Prizes of ;£io each, and a Testimonial of £,21, open to com- 
 petition in each Session. 
 
 There are five Scholarships in the University ; — two of the annual 
 value of £^0 each, tenable for four years ; two of the annual value of 
 ^50 each, tenable for two years ; and one tenable for four years — value 
 for the first year ;£ioo, and ^^50 for each of the three following years. 
 
 The proceeds available for Bursaries, Prizes, and Scholarships in the 
 University amount annually to about ^2,000. 
 
 United College. — In 1.747 the Colleges of St. Salvator and 
 St. Leonard were united, and have since been known as the United 
 College, to which the Faculties t)f Arts and Medicine were assigned. 
 As now constituted, the Faculty of Arts comprises the Chairs of 
 Humanity ; Greek ; Mathematics ; Logic, Rhetoric, and Metaphysics ; 
 Moral Philosophy ; Natural 4'hilosophy.; and Civil History. The 
 Faculty of Medicine comprises the Chairs of Medicine and Anatomy, 
 Chemistry, and Natural History. 
 
 Graduation in Arts. — ^The following are the principal Regulations 
 with reference to Graduation in Arts : — ^The University does not confer 
 the Degree of Bachelor of Arts. The course of study necessary for 
 the Degree of Master of Arts extends over four Winter Sessions, and 
 includes attendance for not less than two Sessions on the Classes of 
 Humanity, Greek, and Mathematics respectively; and attendance for 
 not less than one Session on the Classes 'Of Logic, Moral Philosophy, 
 Natural Philosophy, and Chemistry respectively ; and also attendance 
 on a Course of English Literature (Rhetoric). But any Student who, 
 at the time of his entrance to the University, can satisfy the Professors 
 of the Faculty of Arts, on examination, that he is qualified to attend 
 the higher classes of Latin, -Greek, or Mathematics, or any one of them, 
 may be admitted to such higher -class or classes, without having pre- 
 viously attended the first or junior class or classes in the same depart- 
 ment. And when any Student has been thus admitted to tlie higher 
 classes both of Latin and Greek, without having previously attended 
 the First or Junior Latin and Greek Classes, his course of study for the 
 Degiee of Master of Arts may be completed within three Winter 
 Sessions instead of four. A Student who has attended one or more 
 Sessions in any Scottish University may complete his course of study 
 for the M.A. Degree at the University of St. Andrews, and be there 
 admitted to graduation ; always provided that he produce to the satis- 
 faction of the Faculty of Arts of the University of St. Andrews the 
 necessary certificates from the former University, and give attendance 
 during the last two Sessions of his course at the University of St. 
 Andrews. Candidates for the Degree of Master of Arts must be 
 examined on all the subjects of instruction embraced in the above 
 
 course of St^^^^'' ^'y^f^ t}i*a /^varmriatmnc mair Ko r>n,r\A^^i^^aA T^n.-4-1.. ^.. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS. 67 
 
 writing and partly viva voce. Particulars respecting Graduation in 
 Arts with Honours, by those who have previously passed their Ordinary 
 Examinations, may be learned from the Professors. 
 
 The Principal and Professors of the United College are the Patrons 
 of the Church livings of Cults, Dunino, Kemback, Kilmany, and, 
 alternately with Lord Clinton, of that of Forteviot. 
 
 Registration in Medicine. — The following Degrees in Medicine 
 are granted by the University: — Bachelor of Medicine; Master in 
 Surgery ; and Doctor of Medicine. Every Student must be Registered, 
 for which he must pass a Registration Examination ; and before pro- 
 ceeding to a Degree must give evidence of having pursued certain 
 Courses of Medical and Surgical study and practice, and must undergo 
 the University Examination for the Degree. 
 
 Fees. — ^The Matriculation Fee inArtsiS;^!. The Class Fees are mostly ;^3 3s. each 
 Session; The total Class Fees for four Winter Sessions amount to about ^35 for the 
 M.A. Degree. The Examination Fees amount tOj^3 3s., and there is no further pay- 
 ment in respect of the Degree, whether with or without Honours. In Medicine, a 
 Fee of ;^5 5s. is to be paid upon each of the three Examinations for the Degree of 
 M.B. ; but if the Degree of Master in Surgery or Doctor of Medicine be taken, a 
 further Fee oi£i 5s. must be paid. 
 
 No provision for Board or Residence is made by the Colleges. The 
 • Rev. George S. Jack, Seaton House ; and James Browning, LL.D., 
 M.A., St. Leonard's House, St. Andrews, receive Boarders and prepare 
 Students. (See also the College Halls.) 
 
 St. Mary's College. — Appropriated to the study of Theology ; 
 comprehends the Chairs of Systematic Theology, Divinity and Biblical 
 Criticism, Divinity and Ecclesiastical History, and Hebrew and Oriental 
 Languages. Masters of Arts of this, or of any other University, who 
 have completed their Theological course at this University — or who 
 have attended as regular Students of Theology for one Session in this 
 University, and have completed their Theological course at any other 
 Scottish University — shall be admitted to examination for the Degree of 
 B.D., on producing satisfactory evidence to the above effect. Masters 
 of Arts who have given regular attendance for one Session on two or 
 more of the Theological classes of this University, and have completed 
 a regidar course of Theological study in connection with the denomi- 
 nation to which they belong, shall be admitted to examination for the 
 Degree, on producing satisfactory evidencfe to that effect. Each Candi- 
 date for the Degree shall, before admission to the Examination, pay a 
 fee of ;^3 3s. The Examination shall be conducted by the Professors 
 of the Theological Faculty, with the assistance of two Professors in the 
 Faculty of Arts. The Examination may be taken at two separate 
 periods, the first of which shall not be earlier than the close of the 
 Candidate's third Session of regular attendance. The Examination shall 
 embrace the subjects taught in the several classes in the Theological 
 Faculty. 
 
 Honorary Degrees (D.D. and LL.D.) — The Degrees of Doctor of 
 Divinity and Doctor of Laws are conferred honoris causd, tantum, on 
 such persons as may be selected by the Senatus Academicus, for dis- 
 tinguished eminence in the Professions to which they belong. The fee 
 for either Degree is _;^io 10s. 
 
68 SOjVS and daughters. 
 
 The Principal and Professors of St. Mary's College are the patrons of 
 the Church livings of Craig, Laurencekirk, Tannadice, Tweedsmuir, and, 
 alternately with the Crown, of that of Logie-Pert. 
 
 Fees. — The Matriculation Feeis;^i. The Class Fees are uniformly;^! lis. 6d. 
 each Class. 
 
 Communications respecting either the University or the Colleges 
 should be addressed to the Registrar gf the University. 
 
 St. Leonard's College Hall.^ — The main design of this Insti- 
 tution is " to combine domestic comfort and superintendence with moral 
 and religious training, and the best possible aids to study, for young 
 men attending the University." The Hall was first opened in 1861 in 
 the houses which now occupy the site of the old College of St. Leonard. 
 After it had continued for seven years in this situation, a larger and 
 more commodious building was erected on a beautiful site in the old 
 College garden, adjoining the ancient College and Chapel of St. Leonard. 
 The new house was opened in November, 1868, and is capable of con- 
 taining upwards of thirty Students. The entire control of the Institution 
 is committed to the Warden, who superintends the conduct and the 
 studies of the Students, and along with a resident Tutor assists them in 
 Classics, Mathematics, and Mental Philosophy. 
 
 Within the Hall, the College system which prevailed formerly in 
 Scotland, and is still maintained in the Colleges of the English Univer- 
 sities, is again restored. The habits of family life are preserved ; all the 
 meals, and not merely dinner, are taken in common ; and morning and 
 evening prayers are conducted by the Warden. The new Hall, standing 
 as it does within the precincts of St. Leonard's, is, as it were, built on 
 the old foundation, and may be regarded not as a novelty, but as a 
 restoration, attaching itself to all the traditions of the past. 
 
 The Warden, with the aid of a resident Tutor, gives such assistance to 
 the Students in preparing the work for their classes in College as is 
 required, and is responsible for their conduct, and for the maintenance 
 of discipline. The charge for board, &c., during the Session, is from 
 £fio to £,']o, according to the accommodation required. All faciKties 
 are given to Students desiring to prepare for the Civil Service or Army 
 Examinations, while attending the classes of the University. 
 
 Summer Session. — One peculiar advantage which the Hall offers is 
 the Summer Session, which it provides for Students who might other- 
 wise be either idle or left entirely to direct their own studies. As far 
 as it is known, this is the only attempt which has been made to supply 
 a want which some parents feel in the Scottish University system. The 
 Summer Session extends from about the 8th of May till the end of July, 
 during which time, as the College classes are then closed, the work 
 done is chiefly preparatory for the Winter Session, and is conducted by 
 the Warden and Tutor, with such other assistance as is required. There 
 are also opportunities given for paying attention to some subjects not 
 included in the regular teaching of the University Winter Session. The 
 charge for the Summer Session is from £^t,o to ;£3S. 
 
 Warden, J. B. Haslam, M.A. 
 
 St. Andrew's College Hall. — Reopened in new buildings, 
 1 87 1. — Established for the reception of Students attendins the Uni- 
 
UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW. 69 
 
 versity of St. Andrews. Affords domestic comfort and superintendence, 
 with moral and religious influence, and the best possible aids to study. 
 The internal arrangements and Tuition are under the direction of the 
 Warden. Applications for admission must be made through the Trea- 
 surer. 
 
 Every Student must be in attendance on one or more Classes of 
 the University, the fees for which do not exceed ;£3 3s. for any one 
 Class. 
 
 The Summer Session commences early in May ; thus extending the 
 system already found to work beneficially by improving Students during 
 the University Vacation. The Tuition is superintended by the Warden, 
 with such Tutorial assistance as may be required ; and instruction is 
 given in some subjects not included in the University Course. The 
 fee for the Summer Session is from _;^3o to ;^35. 
 
 Treasurer, Stuart Grace, Esq. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW. 
 
 The University is an ancient foundation. Pope Nicholas V., in 
 1450-1, authorised the establishment, and conferred upon it the same 
 power of creating Masters and Doctors as was then enjoyed by any 
 other studium generate in Christendom, and appointed the Bishop of 
 Glasgow and his successors Chancellors and Rectors. The University 
 at that time had received no endowments, and was possessed of no 
 property, except a University purse, into which were put some small 
 perquisites on conferring degrees, and the patronage of two or three 
 small chaplaincies. Returns one Member to Parliament, in union with 
 the University of Aberdeen. 
 
 The changes in the city of Glasgow connected with the extension of 
 commerce and manufactures, having so entirely altered the character of 
 the district in which the University buildings stood four hundred years 
 ago, as to render the locahty unsuitable for an Academic Institution, 
 and the buildings themselves having become, by their limited extent 
 and defective construction, inadequate for the modem requirements of 
 a great educational establishment, measures were adopted, and con- 
 siderable funds raised, for the removal of the University to commodious 
 buildings to be erected on an elevated and salubrious site in the western 
 part of the city. The efforts of the promoters of the University being 
 liberally seconded by the public, and aided by the Government, a hand- 
 some building, designed by the celebrated architect, Mr. G. Gilbert 
 Scott, has been erected on the newly-acquired grounds of Gilmore Hill, 
 commanding extensive views of the surrounding country, and in such 
 proximity to the Western Park that, by the combination of the Univer- 
 sity enclosure with those beautiful and spacious grounds, a large open 
 space is preserved around the buildings. The new edifice was opened, 
 and the classes of the University assembled therein, for the first time in 
 Session 1870-71. The government of the University now consists of a 
 Chancellor, a General Council, a Rector, a University Court, a Princi- 
 pal, and a Senatus Academicus. The present number of students in 
 the Four Faculties of Arts, Divinity, Medicine, and Law, is 1,279. 
 
7° SOJVS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 University Library. — The Library was founded in the fifteenth 
 century. It contains a valuable collection of books, and is continually 
 increasing by donations, and an annual grant of ^^707 from the Trea- 
 sury. The Divinity Hall Library is set apart for the special use of 
 Students in Divinity. It is supported chiefly by an annual grant from 
 the Senate of 7s. for each Student attending the Divinity Classes. 
 
 HuNTERiAN Museum. — Founded by the eminent Wilham Hunter, 
 M.D. By his will, dated 1783, he bequeathed to the Principal and the 
 Professors of the College, and their successors in office, his valuable 
 collection of books, manuscripts, coins, paintings, anatomical prepara- 
 tions, zoological and mineral specimens, and arch»ological relics, and 
 appropriated ^8,000 for the erection of a building for their reception 
 and preservation. 
 
 Botanic Garden. — There is a Botanic Garden, the site of which 
 has been twice changed, on account of the rapid growth of the city. 
 
 BURSARIES, PRIZES, SCHOLARSHIPS, &c. 
 
 Bursaries. — There are more than one hundred Bursaries, available for 
 the aid of needy and deserving Students. They vary in value from ;!^5 to 
 £,S'^t ^iid there is one of ;£ioo. They are tenable for various periods, 
 from one to eight years ; but the larger number are in value from ^10 
 to ^30 per annum, and are tenable for three or four years. There are 
 preferences to particular schools, or kin or name of Founders, or natives 
 of particular shires. But several of the Bursaries are unrestricted, and 
 are awarded by competitive examination. The Crawford Bursary, 
 founded in r576, appropriated to a Student in Languages, and tenable 
 for four years, was of the original value of a chalder of meal per annum. 
 The present value is ;£2o per annum. Two Metcalfe Bursaries are for 
 encouraging poor students in prosecuting the studies of Mathematics, 
 Practical Astronomy, Chemistry, and Civil Engineering. They are each 
 of the value oi £,2% and tenable for two years, subject to the condition 
 that the Scholar attend the four classes of Civil Engineering, Senior 
 Mathematics, Practical Astronomy, and Chemistry, two at least of these 
 classes to be taken each year. The Scholars to be appointed by ex- 
 amination in Pure Mathematics, including Plane Trigonometry, the 
 Elements of Mechanics, and Theoretical Astronomy. Williams Bur- 
 saries. — The Rev. Dr. Williams, London, in the yeai: 1711, bequeathed 
 to certain individuals in London, in trust, an Estate, to found Bursaries 
 for educating natives of South Britain at the University of Glasgow. 
 The founder, with a particular view to support the cause of Protestant 
 Dissent in England, directs that every Bursar on this Foundation shall 
 promise, in writing, to become a preacher among the Dissenting 
 Ministers of that country. The Bursaries are tenable for three years, 
 but renewable for another year on application, on the understanding 
 that 'the Student has graduated in Arts, and is about to enter the 
 Divinity Hall. Value, £,i,o per annum each. The right of presenta- 
 tion is vested in the Founder's Trustees. Secretary to the Ti-ust : Rev. 
 Thomas Hunter, 8, Queen Square, Bloomsbury, London. 
 
 Prizes. — Besides the Class Prizes, and a number of others given by 
 
UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW. 71 
 
 the different Professors for special merit, chiefly for Themes and Essays 
 prescribed by them to their Students, there are numerous Prizes of Gold 
 Medals, Books, Money, &c., the gifts of generous benefactors. In the 
 Session 1872-73, Dr. Muir's Hebrew Prize of ;£ioo will be awarded for 
 eminence in Hebrew Scholarship and in the critical knowledge of the 
 Old Testament Scriptures. The University also bestows annually a 
 Silver Medal for an Essay in Mental Philosophy. 
 
 Exhibitions and Scholarships. — Two Snell Exhibitions are nomi- 
 nated annually, after pubhc competition, by Glasgow College. The 
 stipend is worth about ;^too to each Exhibition, and is tenable for five 
 years. Candidates must have been bom in Scotland, or must be sons 
 of fathers born in Scotland, and. naust " have resided for two years at 
 least in Glasgow College, or for one j^zx in that College, and two at 
 least in some other College in Scotland." " No Candidate shall be 
 admitted to examination who shall be a member of the University of 
 Oxford of. more than one year's standing, from the day of his Matricula- 
 tion inclusive ; and no Candidate shall be admitted to examination more 
 than once after he shall have completed his twenty-third year ; but a 
 Candidate shall not be excluded on the ground that he is a Graduate of 
 the University of Glasgow. Breadalbane Exhibitions. — Two of ^^50 each 
 per annum, for three years, provided that at the end of the first and 
 second years the Students retain the approbation of the Senate. These 
 Exhibitions are for the encouragement of Pure and Applied Science. 
 " The Scholars shall be chosen after a competitive Examination in 
 Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, from among Candidates who shall 
 have taken the Degree of Master of Arts, from the University of Glasgow, 
 within a period of not more than four years preceding the Examination. 
 Sandford Scholarship. — About ^k) per annum for two years. The 
 Examination takes place every alternate year, and the Scholarship is 
 awarded for proficiency in the Greek Language. It is open to all 
 Matriculated Students (not Masters of Arts) who have attended the 
 public Greek Classes for not less than two Sessions. The next competi- 
 tion takes place in 1873. Clark Scholarships. — ;^5o per annum for 
 four years. Open for competition to Protestant Students, sons of Pro- 
 testant parents, who have completed their curriculum in Arts in Glasgow 
 University. The Scholarship is to be awarded to the Candidate who 
 stands highest at a written Examination in the branches of learning 
 appointed by the Trustees. Thompson Experimental Scholarships. — 
 1'hree of about ;£'2o each, for the promotion of Experimental Research. 
 The Scholars are chosen from among Students who have previously 
 shown zeal and ability in Experimental Investigation in the Physical 
 Laboratory. Ferguson Scholarships.— :^\x., each of the value of ;^8o 
 per annum, for two years ; two for proficiency in Classics, two for 
 Mathematics, including Natural Philosophy ; and two for Mental Philo- 
 sophy, including Logic, Metaphysics, and Ethics. 
 
 Fellowships. — Two Eglinton Fellowships of about ;^ioo per annum 
 each, tenable for three years, open only to deserving Students who have 
 taken the Degree of M.A., in the University of Glasgow, in the term 
 preceding the competition. One of the Fellowships will be competed 
 for in November, 1872, and another in November, 1873, and thereafter 
 trieunially. The subjects of the Examinations shall be as for the Degree 
 of Master of Arts, with Honours in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. 
 
72 S07\rS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 The Luke Fellowship, of about ;^i2o per annum, tenable for three years, 
 awarded on Examination in Classics and Ancient History, Moral Philo- 
 sophy, Logic and Metaphysics, and English Literature. The next com- 
 petition will take place in 1874. One Metcalfe Fellowship of ;£'ioo, 
 tenable for three years, to be competed for in November, 1872, and 
 thereafter triennially. Shaw Philosophical Fellowship, the annual pro- 
 ceeds of ;^4,ioo, tenable for five years; open to Graduates of Arts in 
 the Scottish Universities, awarded by competitive Examination in Logic, 
 Metaphysics, Psychology, Moral Philosophy, and the History of Philo- 
 sophy. The next Examination will be held in 1873. 
 
 FACULTIES. 
 
 Arts (Humanity). — The Humanity Class consists of three divisions, 
 —Junior, Senior, and Private. In the two former the Students prepare 
 certain tasks prescribed, and are examined orally every day. In the 
 Private Class the instruction is imparted by Lectures and Prelections 
 delivered by the Professor. The Classes of this Faculty embrace Greek, 
 Logic and Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, Natural Philosophy, Mathematics, 
 Practical -Astronomy, English Language and Literature ; and also a 
 regular Course of Lectures and Examinations in Engineering Science, 
 with a view to the granting of Certificates of Proficiency. 
 
 Theology. — The Course of Divinity in the Universities of Scotland 
 extends over three years. In the University of Glasgow there are two 
 Divinity Classes, the Junior Class for Students of the first year, the 
 Senior for Students of the second and third years. In both classes 
 Lectures are delivered on three or four days a week, and the Students 
 are examined daily on the subject of the preceding Lectures. Essays are 
 prescribed every alternate week, and all the Students are required to 
 write. The subjects of the Lectures are, in the Junior Class, Natural 
 Theology, and the Evidences of Christianity ; in the Senior, the^ Doc- 
 trines of Systematic Theology. The Classes of the Faculty include 
 Oriental Languages, Ecclesiastical and Civil History, Divinity and 
 Biblical Criticism. 
 
 Law. — The Course extends to about one hundred Lectures, besides 
 meetings for Examination ; and it embraces as full a Course of Scotch 
 Law in each Session as the time will permit. The other Classes of the 
 Faculty include Conveyancing, and Medical Jurisprudence. 
 
 Medicine. — The Course embraces the Practice of Medicine, Che- 
 mistry, Anatomy, Surgery, Diseases of the Eye, Midwifery, Materia 
 Medica, Medical Jurisprudence, Botany, and Natural History. 
 
 ENTRANCE. 
 
 Every Student is required, at the beginning of the Session, to 
 Matriculate by enrolling his name in the University Album before join- 
 ing any Class. The oflSce of the Registrar will be open for the purpose 
 of Matriculation on or about i6th October, daily, with the intervention 
 of the hohdays at the Sacrament. 
 
 Students are entitled, after Matriculation, to the privilege of admission 
 to the .University Library, and, under certain conditions, to the Hun- 
 terian Museum ; they are also entitled to vote for the Lord Rector. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW. 73 
 
 They may be distinguished into Students in Arts, Theology, Law, or 
 Medicine, according to the nature of their principal studies ; and they 
 are likewise, for Academical purposes, divided into Togati and Non- 
 TOGATi ; the Students of the Humanity, Greek, Logic, Ethics, and 
 Natural Philosophy Classes, being Togati or Gown Students, from being 
 required to wear the ancient Academical robe — a scarlet cloak. 
 
 Under the Non-Togati, or Ungowned Students, are comprehended all 
 those who, having finished their course of instruction in Arts, are pro- 
 secuting their studies in the other Faculties, with a more inunediate 
 view to their intended professions ; and it comprises also persons of 
 maturer age who are resident in the city or its vicinity, and who, though 
 engaged in other avocations, are still disposed to cultivate the literary 
 pursuits of their earlier years, or to extend their acquaintance with some 
 favourite branches of learning or science, by attending the Lectures given 
 at the University. 
 
 A distinction is also made between PxraLic and Private Students. 
 The former are required to undergo Examinations, and to read or per- 
 form exercises on the subjects treated of in the Lectures ; and they 
 only are allowed to reckon their sessions of study as a qualification for 
 proceeding to Degrees in the several Faculties. 
 
 By an arrangement with the Directors of the Royal Infirmary, the 
 Medical Students are permitted, on pa)Tnent of certain fees, to have 
 free access to that Institution, to observe the treatment of diseases, to 
 be present at operations and dissections, and to attend the Clinical 
 Lectures on Surgical and Medical cases in the Hospital. 
 
 The Sessions are divided into Summer and Winter. The former 
 commences early in May, and the latter early in January. 
 
 Class Fees. — ^The Matriculation Fee is ;^i for the Academical year; for the 
 Summer Session los. ; for each class in Literature and Philosophy, ^^3 3s., with the 
 exception of Natural ]?bilosophy, £ii, 4s. ; in Theology, £2 2s. ; in Law, £i, 4s. ; in 
 Medicine, £t, 3s., except Lectures on the Eye, for which the fee is £\ is. The Fees 
 to the Private Classes alone are usually from one-half to two-thirds of the foregoing 
 amounts ; and in several cases there are partial remissions of the Sessional Fees to 
 Students for the Second and Third Course. A Fee of^i is. is paid by all Students 
 who receive the Certificate. 
 
 Royal Infirmary. — Fees admitting to the Hospital : — For the first year, £1 3s.; 
 for the second year, ^^3 3s. ; for the third year and perpetual, £\ is. ; for six months, 
 £2 2S. ; for three months, ;^I lis. 6d. Instruction in Vaccination, ;^i is.; Practical 
 Pharmacy (six months), £'i 3s. Fees for Clinical Lectures — for first Winter course in 
 Medicine or Surgery, £t, 3s. ; for a second course, ;^3 3s. ; for a third course, ;^i is. ; 
 for a Summer course, ^^i lis. 6d. 
 
 Eye Infirmary. — Fee for Six Months, ;^2 2s.; to those attending, or who have 
 attended, the Lectures on the Eye delivered in the University, £1 is. 
 
 FEES FOR DEGREES. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Degree of Master of Arts 3 3° 
 
 M.B IS IS o 
 
 „ CM. (in addition to the M.B. Fees) . . . S S o 
 „ M.D. (in addition to the M.B. Fees, and Stamp 
 
 for Diploma) IS 8 o 
 
 M.D 2S 3 o 
 
 „ Master in Surgery 10 10 o 
 
 Bachelor of Laws . . , . . . . -55° 
 Bachelor of Divinity 3 3° 
 
 Principal, Thomas Barclay, D.D. 
 
74 SONS AMD DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Anderson's University, Glasgow. — An Institution providing 
 a 'University Course of Instruction at a very moderate cost. The 
 General Course provides Instruction by Professors in French, Latin, 
 Greek, Hebrew, Mathematics, Algebra, Trigonometry, Arithmetic, 
 Writing, and Book-keeping ; Chemistry, Theoretical and Applied ; 
 Applied Mechanics, Acoustics, Light and Heat. The Fees to the 
 Courses are very moderate, varying from 2s. 6d. to 12s. 6d., £^x is., 
 and jQ2 rss. per quarter, or per six months. 
 
 The Medical School affords great advantages in the acquirement 
 of Professional knowledge at a small cost. The Fees for all the Lectures 
 and Hospital practice required by Candidates for the Diplomas of 
 Physician and Surgeon amount to ;£'45. Certificates of attendance on 
 the Lectures at this School are received by the Royal Colleges of 
 Physicians, London and Edinburgh ; by the Royal Colleges of Surgeons 
 of England, Ireland, and Edinburgh ; by the Faculty of Physicians and 
 Surgeons of Glasgow ; by the Army, Navy, and East India Boards ; and 
 by the Apothecaries' Hall. A valuable Medical Library is attached to 
 the Medical School. 
 
 Evening Lectures and Classes are also conducted by the Pro- 
 fessors, and there is an unlimited admission of Students at very moderate 
 Fees, from 2s. 6d. to £,1 is. per quarter, or session. The Classes at pre- 
 sent in operation embrace Natural Philosophy ; Acoustics and Optics ; 
 Anatomy and Physiology; Chemistry — its Principles and Application 
 to Manufactures ; Music — Scientific, Theoretical, Historical, and Bio- 
 graphical ; Art and Practice of Music — Tonic Sol-Fa Method ; Botany ; 
 Chemistry in the Laboratory ; Arithmetic, Algebra, Trigonometry ; 
 Geometry ; French, Latin, and Greek ; Writing ; and Book-keeping. 
 The evening Lectures have connected with them an extensive Library 
 of Works on Science and General Literature, amounting to upwards of 
 5,000 Volumes ; and Students attending the Lectures have the privi- 
 lege of competing for the Prizes and Certificates offered by the Depart- 
 ment of Science and Art, and by the Society of Arts. 
 
 The University Museum contains a valuable Collection of Speci- 
 mens in Natural History, including more particularly Zoology, Geology, 
 Mineralogy, and Antiquities. It is open free of charge to Students. 
 
 Secretary, J. B. Kidston, Esq. 
 
 University Hall, Glasgow. — Established to meet a want 
 which has long been felt in connection with the University. Many 
 parents entertain an objection to sending their sons to lodge by them- 
 selves, without control, guidance, or companionship. A number of 
 gentlemen interested in the University have accordingly established 
 University Hall, in which Students may be boarded, lodged, and 
 superintended in their studies and general behaviour ; and where they 
 may be permitted to enjoy, within reasonable limits, those advantages of 
 companionship and intercourse which are so necessary to complete the 
 work of University education. The Hall is situated in the immediate 
 vicinity of the University, and the General Committee includes the 
 Principal, Professors of the University, and other gentlemen. The 
 terms for Board, Lodging, and Superintendence are ^^o for the 
 Session. 
 
 Secretary, J. Grahame, Esq., C.A. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN. 75 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN. 
 
 Founded 1494. Comprises Faculties of Arts, Law, Divinity, and 
 Medicine, in which the teaching is conducted by Twenty-one Pro- 
 fessors and Eight Assistants. It grants the following Degrees : — In 
 Arts, M.A. ; in Law, LL.D. ; in Divinity, B.D. and D.D. Returns one 
 Member to ParUament, in connection with the University of Glasgow. 
 
 The Library consists of 80,000 volumes. It is available to all 
 Students, without any further charge than a Deposit to guarantee the 
 safe return of the Books. There are also Museums of Natural 
 History, Botany, Anatomy, &c. 
 
 SCHOLARSHIPS, BURSARIES, AND PRIZES. 
 
 Upwards of Two Hundred Bursaries or Scholarships, amounting in 
 all to about ;£3,Soo per annum, are held by Students in the Faculty of 
 Arts. They are mostly tenable for four years, so that, on an average, 
 more than Fifty are vacant every year. About two-thirds of them, vary- 
 ing in amount from ;£\o to ^35 per annum, are in the gift of the 
 University, and are awarded by Public Competition. Besides these, the 
 Town Council of Aberdeen has been in the habit of awarding several 
 Bursaries in its gift according to merit, as ascertained in the same 
 Competition. The Competition for Bursaries is held annually in 
 October, about a week before the beginning of the Session. Candidates 
 are required, at least One Month before the Competition, to give to the 
 Secretary of the Senatus written intimation of the Subjects selected by 
 them. Students presented to Bursaries under private patronage have to 
 pass a Preliminary Examination before entering the Classes. At the 
 end of each Session, Examinations are held in the different Classes, 
 which all Students who claim Certificates, or wish to proceed to a 
 Degree, are required to attend. These Examinations are conducted in 
 writing. The Senatus awards Prizes to the most distinguished Students. 
 Besides these Class Prizes, which are usually in the form of Books, there 
 are also awarded annually, to the most distinguished in the Examinations 
 for Honours, the following Money Prizes : — A Simpson Prize of £,10, 
 for Greek; a Simpson Prize of £,10, for Mathematics (Pure and 
 Mixed) j a Boxhill Prize of ;^28, for ditto ; a Hutton Prize of £,zo, for 
 Classics- and Philosophy; an Arnott Prize of about ;£3S, for Experi- 
 mental Philosophy; a Prize of £,10, given by the Senatus, for Natural 
 Science. A Gold Medal for general proficiency is annually placed at 
 the disposal of the Senatus by the Town Council of Aberdeen. The 
 Subscribers to the " Seafield Prize Fund" propose to give two Gold 
 Medals annually, one for English and one for Latin, to be open for 
 competition to all Students of the Fourth -Year. There are Eight 
 Scholarships, called the Fullerton, Moir, and Gray Scholarships, open 
 for competition to all Graduates in Arts of less than two years' standing. 
 They are of the value of about £6e, a year, and are tenable for four 
 years. Two are vacant every year, one of which is given for Mathe- 
 matics and Natural Philosophy, the other for Classics and Mental 
 Philosophy. A Murray Scholarship of £,To a year, tenable for three 
 years, is awarded according to the result of a general Examination. 
 
76 SOJV^S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Shaw Philosophical Fellowship. — This Fellowship was founded 
 in 1867, and is of the value of j^i6o a year for five years. It is open 
 to Graduates of Arts in any of the four Scottish Universities (or Students 
 who have passed all Examinations for the Degree in Arts), of not inore 
 than five years' standing at the time of the competition. The subjects 
 of the Examination are — Logic, Metaphysics, including Psychology, 
 Moral Philosophy, and the History of Philosophy. The next Examina- 
 tion will be held in Edinburgh, in 1873. The Examiners on that 
 occasion will be one appointed by the Senatus of the University of Edin- 
 burgh, and one appointed by the Senatus of the University of Aberdeen. 
 
 The Arts Session begins in the last week of October, and extends 
 over twenty-one weeks. The usual Curriculum for the Degree of M.A. 
 extends over Four Sessions. A Student may, however, on passing a 
 certain Examination, begin with the status of the Second year, and thus 
 complete the Curriculum in Three Sessions. 
 
 The Degree Examinations are divided into Four Departments, viz. : 
 — (1) Latin and Greek; (2) Logic, Moral Philosophy, and EngHsh; (3) 
 Mathematics and Natural Philosophy; and (4) Natural History. _ Can- 
 didates pay a Fee of One Guinea before being admitted to Examination 
 in each of the first three Departments, but no further Fee is payable for 
 admission to the Degree, or for a Diploma. Students proceeding to the 
 Degree of M.A. may, on a further Examination (without fee), obtain 
 Honours in one or more of the Departments. 
 
 The Expense of the Curriculum, and of the Degree to which it is 
 intended to lead, exclusive of Board, &c., may be reckoned as follows : — 
 
 £ s d. 
 
 1. Class Fees (compulsory Classes) 29 8 o 
 
 2. Matriculation Fees (four Sessions) . . . . 400 
 
 3. Degree Examination Fees 3 3° 
 
 4. Books and other incidents (say £z per Session) . . 800 
 
 Total . . . . 44 II o 
 
 To those who complete the Curriculum in three years, the expenses will of course be 
 considerably less. 
 
 The Fee for Students attending a Senior Class in any subject, without previous 
 attendance on the Junior Class in the same subject, is £}, 3s. In addition to the 
 Class Fees, all Students pay a Matriculation Fee oi £\ per Session. The Classes are 
 of moderate size, affording sufficient scope for emulation, without rendering individual 
 supervision by the Professors impossible. The whole number of Students in the 
 Faculty is from 300 to 400. 
 
 Students may combine with their last Session in Arts attendance on 
 One Class in the Faculty of Medicine, which, together with a Summer 
 Medical Session, constitutes an Annus Medicus. Medical Students may 
 thus obtain the Degree of M.A. (which exempts them from all extra- 
 professional Examinations), by taking, before entering on their strictly 
 Professional Education, what is virtually a course of three years, or, if 
 they pass at the outset into the second year of the Arts Curriculum, of 
 only Two years. 
 
 The Divinity Session begins on the Second Monday of November, 
 and extends over sixteen weeks. Twenty-eight Bursaries, varying from 
 _;£io to ;£^7S per annum, are held by Students in this Faculty. Fifteen 
 of these, of which one is of the value of ;^3o a year, are open to Public 
 Competition. The Competition takes place at the commencement of 
 each Session. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. -j-j 
 
 Two Brown Scholarships, of about ;^i7 los. each per annum, are 
 open to Students who have passed through a complete Theological 
 Course in this University, and are awarded on the Papers of the B.D. 
 Examinations. There are also Two Prizes of ;£io each, given'biennially 
 by the Synod of Aberdeen. 
 
 The Degree of B.D. is conferred after an Examination held annually 
 in December, on the subjects of the Theological Course. 
 
 Fees. — Matriculation, ;^i per Session. Examination for B.D., ^^3 33. The Degree 
 of D.D. is Honorary. 
 
 The expense of the regular Curriculum of Three Sessions, prescribed 
 by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, may be reckoned 
 as follows : — 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1. Class Fees 14 3 6 
 
 2. Matriculation Fees 300 
 
 3. Boolcs and other incidents (say ;^2 per Session) . . 600 
 
 4. Board and Lodging for Three Sessions (say) . . 45 o o 
 
 Total . . . . 68 3 6 
 
 The alternative Curriculum of two full and three partial Sessions will be considerably 
 less expensive. 
 
 The Students generally live in lodgings, which are abundant and cheap. 
 From ;^i5 to ;^2o per Session is probably a fair allowance under the 
 head of Lodging and Board, making the whole cost of the Curriculum 
 of Four Years from a Hundred to a Hundred and Twenty Guineas. 
 
 Secretary to Faculty of Arts, Professor Black ; Divinity, Rev. Dr. 
 Trail ; Medicine, Professor Brazier. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, 
 
 Founded 1582, by Royal Charter, granted by James VI. Principal, 
 Sir Alexander Grant, Bart., LL.D. A College and University 
 on a wide basis, with the conditions necessary for liberal study, and 
 arrangements suited to the progressive state of modern science. There 
 are four Faculties : i. The Faculty of Arts, which provides the 
 preliminary or general education of Students; and the Professional 
 Faculties, viz. : 2. Divinity; 3. Law; 4. Medicine, in which Students 
 who have passed their preliminary training in Arts receive their Special or 
 Professional instruction. The affairs of each Faculty are presided over 
 by a Dean, who is elected from among Professors of the Faculty. Com- 
 munications regarding the classes in the curriculum, or graduation, 
 should be directed to the respective Deans. The University returns one 
 Member to Parliament in union with the University of St. Andrews. 
 
 Faculty of Arts. — Dean, Alexander Campbell Eraser, M.A., 
 LL.D., Professor of Logic and Metaphysics. 
 
 Faculty of Theology. — Dean, Rev. Thomas Crawford, D.D., 
 Professor of Divinity. 
 
 Faculty of Law. — Dean, Norman Macpherson, LL.D., Advocate, 
 Professor of Scots Law. 
 
 Faculty of Medicine. — Dean, John Hutton Balfour, M.A., M.D., 
 Professor of Botany. 
 
78 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Faculty of Arts, or of Literature, Science, and Philosophy. In 
 this Faculty are taught the chief branches of liberal Education required 
 for the Professions, and for the different departments of public life. It 
 comprises the seven Professorships of Latin (Humanity), Greek, Logic 
 and Metaphysics, Rhetoric and English Literature, Moral Philosophy^ 
 Mathematics, and Natural or Experimental Philosophy. Attendance 
 in the Classes taught by these seven Professors is necessary in order to 
 admission to the Examinations for the Degree of Master of Arts. The 
 annual attendance of Students in each class is about 150. The Classes 
 are taught during the Winter Session, which commences annually in 
 the beginning of November, and closes in April. Students who mean 
 to matriculate, and attend the Classes, should come to Edinburgh early in 
 November, to find lodgings and enrol in the Classes. The ordinary course 
 of study for the Degree of Master of Arts extends over four Winter 
 Sessions, with attendance during these Sessions on the Classes of the 
 seven Professors already mentioned; but Students who pass a satis- 
 factory entrance Examination in Latin and Greek, at the cominence- 
 ment of their first Session in the University, may complete the necessary 
 course of attendance within three Winter Sessions. Entrance Exami- 
 nations are held for this purpose annually in the first week of No- 
 vember, open to all who wish to present themselves. While the order 
 of attendance in the Classes required for M.A. is optional. Students 
 are recommended to enrol in the Classes of Latin, Greek, Mathematics, 
 and Logic, in their first and second Sessions. 
 
 The Examinations for the Degree of Master of Arts are held annually 
 in April and October. The Fee for the Degree is _^3 3s. For full 
 particulars regarding the instruction in the Classes, and the graduation 
 Examinations, see the Edinburgh University Calendar, published annually 
 in May, price 2s. 6d. 
 
 Numerous Prizes are given by competition in the Classes necessary 
 for M.A., including the Bruce prize of ;^2o, annually given to the 
 most distinguished Student in Logic and Metaphysics. About 100 
 Bursaries, many of them open to competition, varying in amount from 
 ;^S to ;^ioo a year, and tenable from one to four years, are also 
 connected with attendance on the Classes necessary for M.A. There 
 are hkewise many Scholarships and Fellowships, from £^(>o to £,\(io 
 a year, and tenable for several years, open for competition among 
 those who have completed their necessary curriculum of attendance 
 in the Classes and passed the Examinations for the Degree of Master 
 of Arts. The most valuable of these is the Shaw Fellowship, of j^i6o 
 a year, tenable for five years, by the graduate most distinguished in 
 Logic, Metaphysics, and Moral Philosophy. The next Examination 
 will be held in 1873. 
 
 In addition to the Seven Professorships already mentioned, this 
 Faculty also embraces the Professorships of Astronomy, Agriculture, 
 Music, Sanscrit, Civil Engineering, Geology, and Political Economy, the 
 Classes connected with which are available for Students in Arts who 
 desire to attend them. Chemistry, Natural History, and Botany are 
 connected with the Faculty of Medicine, but these Classes are available 
 for Students in Arts during the Winter or (if they prefer this) the 
 Summer Session. The Course of Instruction in Agriculture and Civil 
 Engineering is practical as well as theoretical. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. 79 
 
 Degrees in Science. — Degrees in Science are now conferred by the 
 University of Edinburgh under regulations lately passed. These 
 Degrees are intended for those specially proficient either in (i) Physical 
 and Natural Science, or (2) Engineering, or (3) Mental Science, in- 
 cluding Logic, Metaphysics, Moral Philosophy, and their History, 
 or (4) Philology. The Examinations are held in March and April. 
 Candidates for the Degree of Doctor in Physical and Natural Science, 
 or in Engineering, must either present a Degree or other evidence 
 of proficiency in the studies proper to the Faculty of Arts, or else they 
 must pass <a preliminary examination in Enghsh, Latin, Logic, Mathe- 
 matics, &c., after which they are admitted to the Special Examinations 
 in Science. Every Candidate for the Degree of Doctor in Mental 
 Science must be a Bachelor or Master of Arts of a British or approved 
 Colonial University, and also a matriculated Student of the University 
 of Edinburgh for the year in which he appears for examination ; and he 
 must attend those Classes in the Faculty of Arts which are con- 
 nected with the subjects of the Examination, viz.. Logic and Metaphysics, 
 and Moral Philosophy. Similar rules apply to the Doctorate in 
 Philology. The Fee for the Degree of Doctor in Physical and Natural 
 Science is £,\o los., and for the Doctorate in Mental Science or in 
 Philology jQi 7s. For particulars regarding these Degrees, Candi- 
 dates are referred to the University Calendar. 
 
 The Faculty of Theology comprehends the four Chairs of Divinity, 
 Hebrew and Oriental Languages, Divinity and Ecclesiastical History, 
 and Biblical History and Antiquities. No one can be admitted as a 
 Candidate for the Degree of Bachelor of Divinity unless he be a Master 
 of Arts of one of the Universities of Scotland, England, Ireland, or 
 of a recognised Colonial University. The Degree is conferred only 
 after the Candidate has completed his Theological Curriculum with a 
 view to the Church or denomination to which he belongs, and after 
 he has passed a satisfactory examination in the various branches of 
 Theology which are taught in this University — viz., The Evidences of 
 Natural and Revealed Religion, Systematic Theology, Hebrew, Ecclesi- 
 astical History, Biblical Criticism, and Biblical Antiquities. Candidates 
 who are not Masters of Arts of the University of Edinburgh must have 
 attended two Classes in one or more of the Faculties of this University. 
 Examinations take place at the commencement and close of the Theo- 
 logical Session, under conditions specified in the University Calendar. 
 Fee, jC^j, 3s. Some valuable Bursaries, Scholarships, and Fellowships 
 are connected with this Faculty. 
 
 Faculty of Law. — This Faculty comprehends the six Chairs of 
 Public Law, Civil or Roman Law, Constitutional Law and History, 
 Law of Scotland, Medical Jurisprudence, and Conveyancing. The 
 course of study extends over three Academical years, and Students 
 are recommended to attend the Lectures in the following order : — First 
 year. Civil Law ; Second year, Scotch Law ; Third year, Conveyancing ; 
 and to attend the Lectures on Public Law, Constitutional Law and 
 Legal History, and Medical Jurisprudence, during the second and third 
 years of study, in such order as may be most convenient for each indi- 
 vidual Student. 
 
 No one can be admitted to Examination as a Candidate for the 
 Degree of Bachelor of Laws unless he be a Graduate in Arts, and until 
 
8o SOIi^S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 he has completed the prescribed course of study in the Classes of 
 the Faculty of Law. Examination will be both in writing and viva 
 voce on each of the six departments of Law specified. The Fee for the 
 Degree of Bachelor of Laws is ;^s 5s. 
 
 The Degree of Doctor of Laws is conferred honoris causA tantum. 
 
 Faculty of Medicine. — This Faculty comprehends the twelve Chairs 
 of Botany, Institutes of Medicine, Practice of Physic, Anatomy, Chemis- 
 try, Midwifery, Natural History, Materia Medica, Clinical Surgery, 
 Medical Jurisprudence, Surgery, and General Pathology. The Uni- 
 versity qualifies Candidates for the Military, as well as for any other 
 public medical service. Three Medical Degrees are conferred : Bachelor 
 in Medicine, Master in Surgery, and Doctor of Medicine. The Degree 
 of Master in Surgery is not conferred on any person who does not at 
 the same time obtain the Degree of Bachelor of Medicine. The pre- 
 liminary branches of extra-professional education are English, Latin, 
 Arithmetic, the Elements of Mathematics, and the Elements of 
 Mechanics. The proficiency of Students in these branches is ascer- 
 tained by examination prior to the commencement of their medical 
 study. Candidates are also required to pass an Examination in at 
 least two of the following subjects :■ — Greek, French, German, Higher 
 Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Logic, and Moral Philosophy, before 
 entering on the Medical Curriculum. A Degree in Arts exempts from 
 all preliminary examination. For other conditions, refer to the Uni- 
 versity Calendar. 
 
 Fees. — The Fees are : — 
 
 For the Degree of M.B., three Examinations, ;^5 5s. each, ;^I5 15s. 
 For the Degree of CM., £'^ 5s. additional. 
 
 For the Degree of M.D., ;f 5 5s. additional to that for M.B., exclusive of ^10 
 Government Stamp. 
 
 General Advantages. — The University Library contains about 
 150,000 printed volumes, and above 700 volumes of MSS., many of 
 which are of great interest and value. The Library is open to Students 
 every lawful day, during the Winter Session, from 10 to 4, except on 
 Saturdays, when it is closed at i o'clock. There is a Reading Room in 
 connection with the Library, open to all Matriculated Students. There 
 is a Theological Library, containing more than 10,000 volumes. The 
 University Museum is contained in the New Museum of Science and 
 Art, attached to the University, and available for its educational pur- 
 poses. The Royal Botanic Garden is also connected with the University. 
 The Professor of Botany is the Regius-Keeper, and delivers his Lectures 
 in the Class Room in the Garden. The Garden is very extensive and 
 valuable. The Botanical Museum is open at all times to Students. 
 There is a University Athletic Club, having a Gymnasium within the 
 College, and Club Sports are held annually in March and July ; a Boat 
 Club, composed of present and past Students ; and a Musical Society, 
 as well as a Chair of Music. The College and University of Edinburgh 
 offers the advantages of Academical Education and Graduation at a 
 moderate expense, and open to all, without restriction of sect or class. 
 It is in consequence annually attended by about 1,800 Students of all 
 ranks from various parts of Great Britain and the Colonies. 
 
 As there is no provision within the College for the Board and Resi- 
 dence of Students, numerous private boarding-houses or other lodgings 
 
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. 8i 
 
 in the neighbourhood are devoted to their accommodation. In these 
 every necessary comfort is procurable at from £^2.0 to ^^25 per Winter 
 Session of Six Months ; and in Hke proportion during the short Summer 
 Session of Three Months, when the Medical Classes are open. Intend- 
 ing Students or their Guardians may communicate as to these arrange- 
 ments with the Secretary. 
 
 General Fees. — Matriculation Fee — For the Academical Year, £i ; for the 
 Summer Session only, los. The Class Fees range from £z zs. to ^f 5 5s. The Fees 
 for Medical Students to the Royal Infirmary are — Perpetual Ticket, £10 ; Annual 
 Ticket, £s 5^- > Half-yearly Ticket, £3 3s. Separate payments for two years entitle 
 the Student to a Perpetual Ticket. Students who are not Candidates for a Degree 
 may attend any Class or Course of Lectures in any Faculty, and thus avail themselves 
 of instruction upon Special Subjects without going through the whole Curriculum 
 required for Graduation » 
 
 Secretary, John Wilson, Professor of Agriculture. 
 
 UNIVERSITY LOCAL EXAMINATIONS. 
 
 The University of Edinburgh holds Examinations of Schools 
 for Ordinary and Honorary Certificates annually in Edinburgh and 
 in Local Centres in Scotland. Those Candidates who satisfy the con- 
 ditions of the Examination receive Ordinary or Honorary Certificates, 
 signed by the Vice-Chancellor of the University. Certificates granted 
 to Senior Candidates exempt the holders from the Medical Preliminary 
 Examinations in any University or Medical School in the United King- 
 dom. Examinations are held in the month of June. Intending Candi- 
 dates may apply for information to the " Secretary of the Local 
 Examinations Board," at the University. 
 
 Examination of Junior Candidates for Ordinary Certi- 
 ficates. — Candidates must be above thirteen and under sixteen years 
 of age when the Examination begins, and must undergo a satis- 
 factory Examination in English, History, and Geography, Elementary 
 Latin, and Elementary Arithmetic. With the foregoing Subjects must be 
 conjoined at least two, and not more Haz.-a.four, Special Subjects. 
 
 Examination of Senior Candidates for Honorary Certifi- 
 cates. — Candidates must be above fourteen and under eighteen years of 
 age when the Examination begins. Females must be under twenty. 
 The subjects already specified as necessary in the cases of all Candidates 
 for the Ordinary Certificates are required from every applicant for 
 the Honorary Certificates, unless he is the holder of an Ordinary Cer- 
 tificate, when further examination in those subjects will be dispensed 
 with. There must further be a higher Examination in at least two special 
 subjects. 
 
 Fees. — Every Candidate for a Junior Certificate is required to pay a Fee of 20s. ; 
 every Candidate for a Senior Certificate, a Fee of 30s. — excepting in the case of those 
 who have previously obtained a Junior Certificate, when the Fee will be 20s. For 
 particulars respecting the Examinations, see the University Calendar. 
 
 The Fettes College, near Edinburgh. — Designed to provide a 
 liberal education of the highest class, qualifying for the English and 
 Scotch Universities, and for Professional life. Two Scholarships, each 
 of the value of jE^ifl, and tenable during residence at the College, will 
 be open to competition in July, 1872. The Examination will be open 
 
 G 
 
82 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 to all boys between eleven and fourteen years of age, not already on the 
 Foundation. The Candidates will be examined in English Grammar 
 and Composition, Arithmetic, Latin Grammar, Construing, and Prose 
 Composition. Boys over thirteen will also be examined in Greek and 
 French. 
 
 Exhibitions to Universities.— In 1875, and annually thereafter, 
 two Exhibitions to the University of Edinburgh, of the annual value of 
 £(>o each, tenable for four years, will be open for competition. One of 
 the Exhibitions will be open for competition among the Foundationers 
 alone, and the other among the Foundationers and such of the other 
 pupils as have attended the College regularly for not less than four 
 years. In addition to these Exhibitions, others will be established not 
 necessarily attached to the University of Edinburgh, but intended to 
 enable or aid the holders to proceed to any University, Enghsh or 
 Scottish, that they may prefer. It is intended to found two Fellow- 
 ships in the University of Edinburgh. 
 
 Admission and Residence. — All boys will be required to pass an 
 Examination before admission; and no Candidate can be admitted 
 under the age of ten, nor after fifteen. College accommodation is pro- 
 vided for Foundationers and Non-Foundationers ; and Day Scholars, 
 residing with their Parents and Guardians, are received and partially 
 boarded. 
 
 Fees. — Entrance Fee for Non-Foundationers, ;^I0 los. Annual charge : — Tuition 
 (including Classics, Mathematics, Modern Languages, Natural Science, Singing, 
 Drawing, and Gymnastics), £2^. Boarding House charge, £ba. Day Scholars, 15s. 
 per week. 
 
 Head Master, A. W. Potts, Esq., M.A. 
 
 Trinity College, Glenalmond, Perthshire. — Designed for 
 Students for Holy Orders, whether in England or Scotland ; and also to 
 prepare the Sons of the Upper Classes for the Universities, the Military 
 Colleges, or for Professional or other occupation. 
 
 Theological Department. — There are some Bursaries in the gift 
 of the Bishops of Scotland, which are bestowed -by them on deserving 
 Students, natives of Scotland, or of Scottish parentage, and Candidates 
 for Scottish Orders, who are provided with the necessary Lecture Books 
 free of expense. The minimum duration of the Course is two years ; 
 and the Diploma of the College will not be given to any Student who 
 has not resided for this period. Students can be received for a shorter 
 time, but they will receive only an informal Certificate. A specialty 
 of this Department is, that arrangements have been made by which 
 Students can pass their vacations in parishes in England, so as to be 
 introduced to pastoral work, under the guidance of experienced Clergy. 
 Every Student must have been confirmed, and must become a commu- 
 nicant. He must produce a Certificate of good character from his 
 Clergyman. There are vacations of six weeks at Christmas, and eight 
 weeks in the summer. 
 
 Fees. — The Entrance Fee is £^, payable on admission ; the yearly charge 
 (including every necessaiy expense at College, except Academical Dress), for Candi- 
 dates for Scottish Orders, £6,0 ; for Candidates for English Orders, £"^0, payable in 
 advance ; two-iiflhs in September, three-tenths in Januaiy, and three-tenths in Easter. 
 Each Student is required to provide cap, gown, and surplice. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN. 83 
 
 Public School Department. — Boys are admitted at any age from 
 nine to nineteen. The School is divided into three different sets of 
 classes, each extending from the highest to the lowest. Of these, the 
 first set is arranged by proficiency in Classics, with which are united 
 Religious Knowledge, English History, and Geography; the second 
 by proficiency in Mathematics and Arithmetic ; and the third by pro- 
 ficiency in German and French ; the teaching of one or other of which 
 languages is extended to the youngest boys. A boy's place in each of 
 these sections is determined purely by his knowledge in that branch of 
 education, without any reference to his position in the other classes. 
 After having acquired an elementary knowledge of Greek, boys may (if 
 it be desired) exchange the further study of that language for additional 
 instruction in Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, and Modem Lan- 
 guages. All will, however, be required to attend lessons in the Greek 
 Testament. There are Vacations of seven weeks at Midsummer, and 
 five weeks at Christmas. 
 
 Fees. — The ordinary charges are — 70 guineas per annum for boys below thirteen, 
 and 80 guineas above that age. All sons of Scottish Clergy are received at ^40 and 
 £ya, according to the same division of age. The Entrance Fee is £'^, payable on 
 admission. The annual charge is also payable in advance, in the following propor- 
 tions : — two-fifths in September, three-tenths in January, and the remaining three- 
 tenths at (or directly after) Easter. 
 
 Warden, Rev. R. Thornton, D.D. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Founded by Queen Elizabeth, 1591, under the style and title of 
 " the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity." The object of the 
 Foundation is stated in the Charter to be " for the education, training, 
 
 and instruction of youths and students that they may be the 
 
 better assisted in the study of the liberal arts, and in the cultivation of 
 virtue and religion." Several Charters have been granted by succeeding 
 Sovereigns, extending the privileges of the University, and making such 
 alterations in the statutes and constitution of Trinity College as were 
 from time to time deemed necessary. The most accurate description of 
 the University of Dubhn, as a College with University powers and 
 privileges, appears to be that in which it is described in the Fom-th 
 Article of the Treaty of Union between Great Britain and Ireland, 
 A.D. 1800, namely : — "The University of Trinity College." Returns 
 one representative to Parliament. 
 
 PROFESSORS AND LECTURERS. 
 
 Regius Professor of Divinity, elected from among the Senior or Junior 
 Fellows, provided the Fellow so elected shall be a Doctor of Divinity ; 
 the Professorship may be held for life, and is provided for by endow- 
 ment. Regius Professor of Civil and Canon Laws. — Open to all Doctors 
 of Laws of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin, who are Barristers of at 
 least six years' standing. Present salary, ;^ioo a year, tenable for 
 seven years. Regius Professor of Feudal and English Law. — Must be a 
 
 G 2 
 
84 SOI^S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Barrister of at least two years' standing. Regius Professor of Physic. — 
 Salary ;^2oo per annum. Regius Professor of Greek. — ^200 per 
 annum, with a portion of the Tuition Fees. Professor of Latin. — The 
 conditions similar to those for the Professor of Greek. Professor of 
 English Literature. — Salary ;£i4o per annum. Archbishop Kin^s 
 Lecturer in Divinity. — Salary ^£700 per annum. Professor of Astronomy. 
 — £t°° psr -annum, from which an Assistant is also paid. Erasmus 
 Smith's Professors of Philosophy, Oratory, Mathematics, Modern History, 
 and Oriental Languages. — Supported by the proceeds from lands and 
 tenements given by Erasmus Smith, Esq., in 1724, for charitable uses. 
 Professor of Natural Philosophy. — To be held by a Junior Fellow. 
 Professorships of French, German, Italian, and Spanish Languages. — 
 Provided for by the funds of the College. Professor of Political 
 Economy. — Originally founded by Archbishop Whately, D.D. At 
 present provided with a salary of ;£'ioo per annum from the College 
 funds. Professor of Moral Philosophy. — The appointment for five years, 
 with privilege of re-election; stipend ^100 per annum. Professor of 
 Biblical Greek. — Conditions same as the preceding. Professor of Eccle- 
 siastical History.- — Conditions as the preceding. Any person having 
 taken the Degree of B.D. in the University of Dubhn shall be eligible. 
 Professor of Civil Engineering. — ;£iSo per annum, besides Students' 
 Fees. For five years, with privilege of re-election. Professor of Geology. 
 — ;£'2oo a year, with portion of Tuition Fees, for five years, and right of 
 re-election. Professor of Applied Chemistry. — J[^^ 50 per annum. Pro- 
 fessor of Mineralogy. — ;£ioo per annum. Professor of Surgery. — j^ioo 
 per annum. Regius Professor of Surgery. — To be held for five years. 
 Professor of Irish. — ;£ioo a year, partly from a gift of the Irish Society. 
 Professor of Arabic and Hindostanee. — ;£ioo a year, for seven years, 
 with privilege of re-election. Professor of Sanscrit. — jf 100 a year, for 
 five years. 
 
 INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Library of Trinity College. — The origin of the Library is remark- 
 able. In the year i6oi, the Spanish -troops were defeated by the 
 English at Kinsale, and her Majesty's army, to commemorate their 
 victory, subscribed the sum of ;£ 1,800 from the arrears of their pay to 
 establish in the University of Dublin a Public Library. Dr. Challoner 
 and Mr. James Ussher, afterwards the celebrated Archbishop, were 
 selected by the benefactors as the trustees of their donation, and com- 
 missioned to purchase such books as they should judge most necessary 
 and useful for the advancement of learning. " And it is somewhat 
 remarkable" (says Dr. Parr) "that in 1603, when the said persons were 
 at London about the laying out this money in books, they then met Sir 
 Thomas Bodley there, buying books for his newly-erected Library at 
 Oxford, so that there began a correspondence between them on this 
 occasion, helping each other to procure the choicest and best books on 
 several subjects that could not be gotten; so that the famous Bodleian 
 Library at Oxford, and that of Dublin, began together." 
 
 The private collection of Ussher himself, consisting of 10,000 volumes, with 
 many MSS. of great value, was the first donation of moment which the Libraiy 
 leceived; and for this also literature is indebted to tlie officers and soldiers of the 
 English army. In 1640 Ussher left Ireland, and the insurgents soon after destroyed 
 
UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN. 85 
 
 all his personal property, with the exception of his books, which were fortunately 
 secured, and soon after conveyed to Chester, and from thence to London. In 1642 
 Ussher was nominated one of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, but refused to 
 attend, and even preached against their proceedings at Oxford. For this crime his 
 libraiy, or a portion of it, which he had left behind him at Chelsea College, was 
 seized and confiscated by order of the House of Commons, as the property of a 
 dehnquent ; but John Selden, his particular friend, by the interference of Dr. Featly, 
 obtained permission to purchase them as if for his own use, though really for the 
 purpose of restoring them to their original owner. On the Archbishop's death in 
 1655, although he had destined his books for Trinity College, the misfortunes of the 
 times compelled him to leave them to his only daughter, Lady Tyrrell, then mother 
 of a numerous family, and in narrow circumstances. Proposals were soon after made 
 to her for the purchase of the library by the King of Denmark and Cardinal 
 Mazarine ; but Cromwell issued an order prohibiting the Primate's family from selling 
 it without his consent, and he refused to permit it to be brought out of the kingdom. 
 Soon after, the officers and soldieis of the army then in Ireland, wishing to emulate 
 those of Ehzabeth, purchased the whole Librar)- for the sum of ;^22,ooo, together 
 with all the Archbishop's Manuscripts, and a choice though not numerous collection 
 of ancient coins, with the design of presenting them to the College. But v/hen the 
 books were brought over to Ireland, Cromwell refused to permit the intentions of 
 the donors to be carried into effect, alleging that it was his intention to found a new 
 College or Hall, in which the collection might more conveniently be preserved 
 separate from all other books. The library, therefore, was deposited in the Castle of 
 Dublin, and being there kept with great negligence, an immense number of valuable 
 books and MSS. were stolen or destroyed. At length, on the Restoration, his 
 Majesty King Charles II. ordered that what remained of the Primate's library should 
 be given to the University, according to the generous purpose of the original 
 purchase! s. 
 
 At various dates from 1674 down to the present century, the Library- 
 has received valuable gifts, including the Law Books and Manuscripts of 
 Sir Jerome Alexander, a Justice of the Common Pleas in Ireland ; 
 upwards of four thousand volumes bequeathed by Dr. William Palliser, 
 Archbishop 'of Cashel, who had been a Fellow of the College, and in his 
 lifetime a munificent benefactor to it. Another most valuable addition 
 was the collection of Dr. Claudius Gilbert, Vice-Provost, and Regius 
 Professor of Divinity, consisting of nearly thirteen thousand volumes. 
 Among the subsequent gifts were some valuable collections of Manu- 
 scripts. The Library is continually increased by copies of every book 
 published in England, which privilege it enjoys by Act of Parliament. 
 
 Museums. — The Museum of Natural Philosophy contains a collection 
 of Philosophical Instruments, chiefly in connection with the sciences of 
 Optics and Practical Mechanics, Heat, Electricity, and Magnetism. 
 Efforts are now being made to render the collection more valuable 
 in the resources for modern investigation. Zoology and ArchcBology. — 
 The collection in this Museum has been greatly increased within the 
 last twenty years. The zoological collection is extensive, and well 
 classified ; there is a special collection of Irish birds. The Archseo- 
 logical collection contains a number of very rare and valuable objects. 
 Geology and Mineralogy. — This Museum is intended principally for the 
 use of Students in Engineering. It contains typical collections of 
 Minerals and Fossils, arranged for the use of Students, and also some 
 rare specimens of Fossil Reptiles and Deer. Engineering Models. — 
 Founded in connection with the new Professorship of Engineering. 
 Contains a variety of Engineering Models, amongst which will be found 
 a series of models illustrating the progress of invention in the Steam 
 Engine ; model of a Locomotive Engine ; model of a Cornish Pumping 
 Engine ; a large collection of Timber Bridges ; model of the lifting 
 
86 SOJ^S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 apparatus of the Conway Tube ; a model of the Boyne Viaduct; and 
 other lattice structures. A complete collection of the weights and 
 measures of the Metric System has been recently added. Anatomy, 
 Materia Medica, and Midwifery. — The Museum is intended for the use 
 of Professional Students, and to illustrate the Professors' Lectures. 
 Museum of Botany, and the Botanic Gardens. — The Museum contains a 
 British Herbarium of indigenous plants, and a General Herbarium of 
 the plants of other countries. The general collection is rich in the 
 plants of North America (including Mexico and California), British 
 India, South Africa, and Australia ; and there is also a good collection, 
 though less perfect, of the plants of South America, North Asia, and 
 parts of Europe. The Botanic Gardens are situated about a mile from 
 the College, and extend over eight acres. Such of these Institutions as 
 are of interest to the public and to visitors to Dublin are open under 
 certain conditions ; and they are all available to Students. 
 
 SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, AND PRIZES. 
 
 Fourteen Studentships have been founded in Trinity College, open 
 to Candidates of all religious denominations, tenable for a period not 
 exceeding seven years, with a salary not exceeding ;£^ioo per annum 
 each. Two Students are elected annually, one from the Senior Mode- 
 rators in Mathematics and Physics, and one from Senior Moderators in 
 Classics. There are also Non-Foundation Scholarships, also unre- 
 stricted, tenable for the same time, and with the same emoluments, as 
 the Studentships. These Scholars may be chosen for Scientific or for 
 Classical merit. Five Wall Biblical Scholarships, tenable for five years, 
 with a stipend of ;^2o a year, one to be elected annually. ' Two Bedell 
 Scholarships, of ^20 per annum, designed for such Students as give 
 reasonable hope that they will be competent on their Ordination to 
 preach in the Irish Language. One Scholar will be elected whenever a 
 vacancy takes place. Four Medical Scholarships, of £,20 per annum, 
 tenable for two years, on condition of the successful Candidates pro- 
 ceeding regularly through the Medical Course in the University. Two 
 Lloyd Exhibitions, for distinction in Mathematics and Physics, about 
 £,\(> per annum each, "tenable only so long as the holder shall have 
 his name on the College books." Theological Exhibitions, one of £,60, 
 and one of ,^^40 per annum, tenable for three years, for Candidates of not 
 more than one year's standing as M. A., who have completed the six terms 
 of the Divinity Curriculum. Twelve Junior Exhibitions, of ^£25 each, 
 tenable for two years, and eight Senior Exhibitions, of £^2^ each, tenable 
 for two years. Musical Exhibitions. — With view of encouraging the study 
 and practice of Sacred Music, Musical Exhibitions have been founded, 
 the pecuniary rewards for which are the remission of certain College 
 payments, and exemption from charge for rooms. There are thirty 
 Exhibitions, called Royal Scholarships, for Students who shall enter 
 Trinity College from the Royal Schools of Armagh, Dungannon, 
 Enniskillen, or Cavan ; viz., five of ;£5o per annum each for Armagh 
 School, and five of ;^5o and five of £,y:i per annum for each of the 
 Schools of Dungannon and Enniskillen, and five of ^25 per annum 
 for Cavan School. These Scholarships are tenable for five years, and 
 can only be obtained by Students from the respective Schools. Th~ere 
 
UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN. 87 
 
 is also a large number of Prizes, Premiums, and Medals distributed 
 annually, for the encouragement of all the branches of instruction 
 embraced in the Curriculum of the College. There are also numerous 
 Exhibitions of small amount, in aid of Students, at the disposal of the 
 Masters, or privileged to Scholars from certain Schools. 
 The Patronage amounts to twenty-one Benefices. 
 
 PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS. 
 
 There are four Professional Schools in the University, viz., Divinity, 
 Law, Medicine and Surgery, and Engineering. The Testimonials 
 or Licenses for these Schools can only be obtained by attending pre- 
 scribed Courses of Lectures during two or more years, and passing a final 
 Examination. 
 
 TERMS AND EXERCISES FOR DEGREES. 
 
 The Academical Year is divided into Three Terms, Hilary, 
 Trinity, and Christmas. Terms are kept during the Undergraduate 
 Course, either by attendance on Lectures or by answering at the 
 Examinations held for the purpose at the beginning of each Term. 
 But Terms in Divinity, Law, Medicine, and Engineering, are kept by 
 attendance on the Lectures of the Professors, and therefore require 
 residence either in the College or its vicinity. 
 
 To take the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, the Student must keep the 
 number of Terms required by the rules of the College. He must pass 
 two stated Examinations, one at the end of his second year, the other 
 at the termination of the University Curriculum. 
 
 A Master of Arts must be B.A. of three years' standing. Each Master 
 of Arts is called a Regent during the three years following the time that 
 he took that Degree. 
 
 A Bachelor in Divinity must be M.A. of seven years' standing. Before 
 the private grace of the House can be obtained for this Degree, the 
 candidate must perform the necessary exercises before the Regius Pro- 
 fessor of Divinity, or his Deputy. These are, one Concio ad Clerum in 
 Latin, and one sermon in English ad Populum. 
 
 A Doctor in Divinity must be B.D. of five years' standing, and in 
 Priest's Orders. The exercises performed before the Regius Professor 
 of Divinity are, a Sermon ad Populum in English, and a Latin Sermon 
 ad Clerum. When the Degrees of B.D. and D.D. are taken together, 
 the exercises for both must be performed. 
 
 A Bachelor in Laws must have taken the Degree of Bachelor of Arts. 
 He must also have completed two years in the study of Law in the 
 University, or must have passed an Examination in the theoiy and 
 practice of Jurisprudence, or must have practised for six years in the 
 Law Courts. In the first case, the Candidate must have attended the 
 Prelections of the Regius Professor of Civil Law, and of the Professor 
 of Feudal and English Law. 
 
 A Doctor in Laws must be LL.B. of five years' standing. The 
 exercise consists of two Theses on subjects appointed by the Professor of 
 Civil Law. 
 
 A Bachelor in Medicine must have taken the Degree of Bachelor of 
 Arts, and must have spent four years in the study of Medicine. Before 
 
88 
 
 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 the grace of the House can be obtained, the Candidate must pass a 
 public Examination in the Hall before the Medical Professors. 
 
 A Doctor in Medicine must be M.B. of three years' standing. He 
 must also read two Theses pubhcly before the Regius Professor of Physic, 
 on subjects selected by himself 
 
 A Master in Surgery must be a Bachelor of Arts, and have spent four 
 years in the study of Surgery and Anatomy. Before the grace of the 
 House can be obtained, the Candidate must pass a pubHc Examination 
 in the Hall before the Medical Professors. 
 
 A Master in Civil Engineering must be a Licentiate in Civil Engi- 
 neering, and have taken the Degree of Bachelor of Arts ; he must also 
 have practised for three years as a Civil Engineer, after obtaining the 
 License of the University. 
 
 A Bachelor in Music must be matriculated in Arts, and must pass 
 an Examination in the following subjects; — i. English Composition, 
 History, and Literature ; 2. A Modem Language (Italian, German, or 
 French) ; 3. Latin, or, instead of it, a second Modern Language ; 
 4. Arithmetic. He must also compose a piece of Vocal Music, of which 
 a portion at least shall be in five real parts, with accompaniments for a 
 stringed band or organ. This composition, if approved of by the Board, 
 is to' be publicly performed in such place and manner as they- shall 
 dire;ct, at the expense of the Candidate. The Candidate must produce 
 a certificate proving that he has studied or practised Music for seven 
 years. Before the private grace of the House is obtained, the Candidate 
 must pass an Examination in the Theory and Grammar of Music, and 
 in Thorough Bass. He will also be required to write, ex tempore, and 
 within a given time, a piece of counterpoint on a proposed subject. 
 
 A Doctor in Music must be Mus. B., and must have spent twelve 
 years in the study or practice of Music. He must also compose a piece 
 of Vocal Music, of which at least a portion shall be in six or eight real 
 parts, with accompaniments for a full band. This piece of Music, if 
 approved of by the Board, must be pubhcly performed, at the expense 
 of the Candidate. 
 
 The Candidate must pass an Examination on Instrumentation, and 
 such other subjects as the Professor may think fit ; and will also be 
 required' to write, within a prescribed time, pieces of Harmony on given 
 subjects, or on given basses. 
 
 Bachelor of Arts — 
 
 Nobleman 
 
 Commoner 
 
 Pensioner 
 Master of Arts . 
 Bachelor of Medicine 
 Doctor of Medicine 
 Master of Surgery 
 
 UNIVERSITY FEES. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 . 400 
 . 200 
 . 100 
 . 10 o o 
 
 .HOC 
 
 • 13 o o 
 . II o 
 
 Bachelor of Laws 
 Doctor of Laws . 
 Musical Bachelor 
 Doctor of Music . 
 Bachelor of Divinity 
 Doctor of Divinity 
 
 £ 
 
 S. 
 
 . n 
 
 15 
 
 . 22 
 
 
 
 . II 
 
 IS 
 
 . 22 
 
 
 
 • 13 
 . 26 
 
 IS 
 
 
 d. 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 A Fee of ;f 5 only is paid for the Degree of Bachelor of Music, if the Candidates 
 are Graduates in Arts. A Fee of 30s. is payable on taking out the Testimonium of 
 any of the above Degrees, with the exception of those of Bachelor of Arts, Doctor 
 and Bachelor of Medicine, and Master in Surgery, the charge for the Testimoniums 
 of which is included in the above Schedule of Fees for the Degree. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN. 89 
 
 Trinity College. — The several orders in the College are the 
 following : — 
 
 1. The Provost or Head of the College; who must be in Holy- 
 Orders, and a Doctor, or at least a Bachelor in Divinity, and not less 
 than thirty years of age. 
 
 2. Fellows ; who are all bound to enter into Priest's Orders except 
 five ; one of whom is elected Medicus, by the Provost and Senior 
 Fellows ; and two others are elected Jurista juris Civilis and Jurista 
 
 juris Anglid, respectively. 
 
 3. Noblemen, Sons of Noblemen, and Baronets ; who are matricu- 
 lated as such under the title of Nobilis, Filius Nobilis, and Eques. 
 
 4. Doctors in the three Faculties, Bachelors in Divinity, and Masters 
 of Arts. All Doctors and Masters of Arts, ex-Fellows and ex-Scholars, 
 having their names registered as Electors, are entitled to vote at the 
 election of Members to represent the University in Parliament ; but 
 have no collegiate privileges or duties unless their names are kept on 
 the College books. 
 
 5. Masters in Surgery, and in Civil Engineering. 
 
 6. Bachelors in Civil Law and Physic, and Bachelors of Arts. They 
 are not required to keep their names on the University or College books 
 in order to entitle them to proceed to the higher Degrees. 
 
 7. Fellow-Commoners ; who have the privilege of dining at the 
 Fellows' Table. 
 
 8. Scholars who are on the Foundation, being members of the Cor- 
 poration of the College ; they have their commons free of expense, and 
 their rooms for half the charge paid by other Students ; they pay half 
 tuition fees, but are exempted from College charges or decrements, and 
 receive from the College an annual salary. They hold their Scholar- 
 ships until they become, or might have become. Masters of Arts, their 
 standing being counted from the time of their election to Scholarships. 
 The number of Scholars is seventy, of whom thirty were formerly 
 termed Natives (Hibernici), but this distinction has been abolished. 
 
 9. Non-Foundation Scholars, whose emoluments and tenure of office 
 are the same as those of the foregoing class of Students, but who, as 
 their name imports, are not members of the Corporation, and do not 
 enjoy the University franchise. 
 
 10. Pensioners. 
 
 11. Sizars are Students of limited means, who have their commons 
 free of expense, and are exempted from annual fees. They are admitted 
 annually by an examination. The poverty of the Candidates is one of 
 the qualifications to be inquired into before they are admitted Sizars. 
 Candidates for Sizarship are required to send in to the Senior Lecturer, 
 on or before the first day of June in each year, a statement proving that 
 they are persons of limited means, and entitled to compete for admission 
 on the ground of poverty ; and only those persons who appear to the 
 Senior Lecturer to be qualified shall be permitted to compete. Students 
 who enter College as Sizars are permitted to hold their Sizarships for four 
 years. In the event of any person who is already a Student of the College 
 being admitted a Sizar, the duration of his Sizarship shall not exceed four 
 years from the Sizarship Examination next succeeding his entrance into 
 College. Sizars, who fail to keep their class, or who drop a class without 
 the express permission of the Board, ipso facto vacate their Sizarships, 
 
go 
 
 SO^rS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Residence, as a part of Academic discipline, is not enforced in the 
 University of Dublin, nor is it necessary in itself for keeping Terms, as 
 at Oxford and Cambridge. Yet for Students in Divinity,_ Law, Medi- 
 cine, Surgery, and Engineering, residence either in the city or in the 
 College is indirectly necessary, as Terms in those Faculties can only be 
 kept by actual attendance on the Lectures of the University Professors. 
 Chambers in the College are granted by the Provost on application 
 from the Tutor of the Student who proposes to reside. On obtaining 
 rooms a sum of money is deposited with the Registrar of Chambers, 
 which is intended as security against any injury that they may sustain, 
 and is returned on vacating the rooms, if all claims of the College be 
 first satisfied. The deposit for rooms varies from £ii to ;£y:i ; and the 
 annual rent varies from ^2 to ;^i6. Many of these chambers are 
 intended to accommodate two Students, in which case each Student in 
 occupation pays only half rent and half deposit, unless he is the sole 
 occupant. The charges for Commons vary according to the rank of the 
 Student, but may be taken generally as about 20s. per week. 
 
 Charges for Undergraduates and Bachelors. — The following 
 is a Table of the half-yearly charges, including tuition, but exclusive of 
 rooms and commons ; 
 
 
 Entrance. 
 
 Half-year. 
 
 Nobleman .... 
 Fellow-Commoner 
 Pensioner .... 
 Sizar 
 
 £ s. d. 
 60 
 30 
 15 
 5 I 3 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 33 12 
 
 16 16 
 
 880 
 
 000 
 
 The Total Expense of obtaining the Degree of Bachelor of Arts is estimated 
 at £83 4s. The Degrees of Bachelor in Medicine and Master in Surgery, including 
 Lectures and Hospitals, ;^IIS 4s. A Student in Engineeiing payS;^io yearly, in 
 addition to the ordinary charge for keeping his name on the College books. The 
 Fee for the License in Engineering is £1, 
 
 Provost, Rev. Humphrey Lloyd, D.D. 
 
 QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY IN IRELAND, 
 
 Dublin. 
 
 Founded and Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1850. The University 
 has power to grant to Matriculated Candidates who shall have pursued 
 a regular course of study, either wholly in one or more of the Queen's 
 Colleges of Belfast, Cork, or Galway, or part of it in recognised 
 Schools, or under Professional Teachers elsewhere, in preparation for 
 Degrees or other distinctions in Law, Medicine, or Arts, and the rest 
 in one or more of the Colleges of the University, all such Degrees or 
 distinctions as can be conferred by any other University in the United 
 Kingdom ; and to admit Graduates of other Universities to similar 
 and equal Degrees; and to confer Honorary Degrees upon men of 
 eminent attainments in any branch of knowledge, or in the public 
 service. The University also grants a Degree in Civil Engineering, 
 
QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY IN IRELAND. 91 
 
 but does not confer any Degree or other distinction in Theology. No 
 Degree will be conferred upon any Candidate who may have received 
 part of his education elsewhere, in any distinction for which a regular 
 course of study is prescribed in the Colleges of the University, unless 
 he shall have studied a part of the course, extending over at least one 
 Session, in a College of the Queen's University. 
 
 DEGREES. 
 
 In order to obtain a Degree or Diploma in the Queen's University, it 
 is necessary to enter one of the associated Colleges, to pass the Entrance 
 Examination, and to pursue a fixed course of study. The names of 
 those Students who pass are placed on the Roll of the University; 
 they thereby become Matriculated Students, and are classed as 
 follows : — X. Those intending to proceed to the Diploma of Licentiate 
 in Arts, or to Degrees of B.A. and M.A. 2. Those intending to pro- 
 ceed to the Diploma in Elementary Law, or to the Degrees of LL.B. 
 and LL.D., with that of B.A. 3. Those intending to proceed to the 
 Degrees of M.D. and M.Ch. 4. Those intending to proceed to the 
 Degree in Engineering, B.E. 
 
 Occasional Students. — Persons may attend the Lectures of any of 
 the Professors by paying the prescribed Fees, without passing the 
 Entrance or any other Examinations. 
 
 Candidates not Members of the University. — Examinations of 
 such Candidates will be held in Dublin, and in the Queen's Colleges of 
 Belfast, Cork, and Galway, or simultaneously in other places, if it be 
 requested and found expedient. There will be one Examination open to 
 all Candidates ; another limited to Candidates under fifteen years of 
 age, held annually in June. Every Candidate who passes will receive a 
 Certificate in Arts, specifying the subjects in which he has satisfied the 
 Examiners. (See Appendix.) 
 
 Members of other Universities who have passed part of their 
 studies, and have been admitted to corresponding rank in one of the 
 Colleges of Queen's University, may be admitted to Examination for 
 Degrees and Diplomas in Arts, Law, and Engineering, provided they 
 have attended the Lectures of the Queen's College, as required by the 
 Regulations. 
 
 EXAMINATIONS. 
 
 The Curriculum for the Faculties of Arts, Law, or Medicine, embraces 
 the usual Course. The Lectures of the Law Professors are recognised 
 by the Benchers of the King's Inns. Students preparing for legal 
 practice may be called to the Bar in three years, instead of five, if 
 Graduates in Arts of the Queen's University. Students preparing for 
 the profession of Attorney or Solicitor can save two years of their 
 Apprenticeship by taking the Degree of B.A., or of LL.B., in the Queen's 
 University. Candidates for the Degree of B.E. (Bachelor of Civil 
 Engineering) pass through a course usually extending over three 
 Sessions. First Session : Mathematics, Experimental Physics, Chemistry, 
 Modern Languages, Geometrical Drawing, Office Work. Second 
 Session : Mathematics, Mathematical Physics, Mineralogy, Geology or 
 Physical Geography, Civil Engineering, Office Work, Field Work. 
 
92 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Third Session: Natural Philosophy (applied), Civil and Mechanical 
 Engineering, Office Work, Field Work, Engineering Excursions. 
 
 EXHIBITIONS AND PRIZES. 
 Arts.— Three Exhibitions of ;£2o a year for three years ; Three of 
 ;£iS a year, and Two oi £\o z. year, each for three years, are competed 
 for annually in the Faculty of Arts. The three £zo Exhibitions will 
 be awarded to the Candidates who stand foremost in order of merit 
 from each College at the first University Exhibition in Arts, and the 
 three ;^is Exhibitions to the Candidates who stand second in order of 
 merit from each College, provided that their names appear in the First 
 Class of the Division List at that Examination. Of the two £\o Exhibi- 
 tions, one will be awarded to the best answerer in Mathematical Science, 
 and the other to the best answerer in the Ancient Classics at the First Uni- 
 versity Examination. The _£io Exhibitions are open to the competition 
 of Candidates from all the Colleges, and may be held together with one 
 of the larger Exhibitions. The Candidates for these and the following 
 Exhibitions must have attended the Lectures of the Second Session. 
 
 Medicine. — Two Exhibitions, one consisting of two instalments of 
 £,20 each, and the other for two instalments of ;^is each, are competed 
 for annually in the Faculty of Medicine, These will be awarded for 
 proficiency in the non-professional part of the first University Examina- 
 tion in Medicine ; the £20 Exhibition to the best answerer absolutely, 
 in whichever of the Colleges he may have been educated ; and the £1^ 
 Exhibition to the Candidate who is first in order of merit of the com- 
 petitors from the other two Colleges ; provided that their names appear 
 in the First Class of the Division List at their Examination. There is 
 also the Charters Exhibition of £'^0. 
 
 Engineering. — Two Exhibitions, one of _;^2o a year for two years, 
 and the other oi £\^ for two years, are competed for annually in the 
 School of Engineering. These Exhibitions will be awarded at the first 
 University Examination in Engineering ; the ^£20 Exhibition to the 
 best answerer absolutely, in whichever of the Colleges he may have 
 been educated; and the £\t^ Exhibition to the Candidate who is first 
 in order of merit of the competitors from the other two Colleges ; pro- 
 vided that their names appear in the First Class of the Division List at 
 that Examination. Also the Coates Prize of ^£30. 
 
 Prizes. — There are several annual Prizes, in value from £2 to £10, 
 for Composition in English, Greek, Latin, Geometry, &c., and some 
 Scholarships and Exhibitions, the gifts of individual Founders. 
 
 UNIVERSITY FEES. 
 The following Fees are to be paid by the respective Candidates to 
 the Secretary, before Examination ; they will not be returned in case of 
 rejection :— 
 
 IS. jf s. d. 
 
 Diploma of Elementary Law 
 
 Degrees. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 ll;d. . 
 
 300 
 
 M.D. 
 
 SCO 
 
 M.A. 
 
 300 
 
 M.Ch. 
 
 500 
 
 LL.B. . 
 
 100 
 
 B.A. 
 
 100 
 
 B.E. 
 
 300 
 
 Associates in Arts 
 Junior Certificates in Arts 
 Examinations of Women 
 
 Secretary, G. J. Stoney, M.A., F.R.S., F.R.A.S, 
 
 £ 
 2 
 
 s. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY IN IRELAND. 93 
 
 Queen's College, Belfast. — Founded 1845, as a Corporation 
 under the style of " The President and Professors of Queen's College,. 
 Belfast," by a Royal Patent, granting Charter for the Colleges of Belfast, 
 Cork, and Galway : " Deeming it to be the duty of our Royal office to 
 afford to all classes and denominations of our faithful subjects, without 
 any distinction of religious creed whatever, an opportunity for pursuing 
 a regular and liberal course of Education." The information already 
 given under the heads of Queen's University Degrees, Examinations, 
 Exhibitions and Prizes, &c., relates to all the associated Colleges. 
 
 Every Matriculated Student, being under the age of twenty-one years, 
 shall be required to reside during the College Terms with his parent or 
 guardian, or with some relation or friend to whose care he shall have 
 been committed by his parent or guardian, and who shall have been 
 approved of by the President, or in a Boarding-house licensed for the 
 reception of Students. All Matriculated Students are required to wear 
 a cap and gown. 
 
 Institutions. — There is a Library, for reference to and loan of 
 Books ; an Observatory, provided with instruments ; and a Museum. 
 Non-Matriculated Students may be privileged to these Institutions upon 
 payment of a certain Fee and a deposit. 
 
 Scholarships. — Forty-six Junior and Eight Senior Scholarships have 
 been founded. Of the Junior Scholarships, Thirty, of the value of £,2/^ 
 each, are appropriated to Students pursuing the course prescribed for 
 the Degree of A.B. ; Eight, of the value of £2^, each, are appropriated 
 to Students pursuing the course prescribed for the Degree of M.D. ; 
 Three, of the value of ;£20 each, are appropriated to Students pursuing 
 the course prescribed for the diploma of Elementary Law, and the 
 Degree of LL.B. ; Five, of the value of ;£2o each, are appropriated to 
 Students pursuing the course prescribed for the Diploma of Civil 
 Engineering. They are awarded annually, and are tenable for one year 
 only, with the exception of those awarded to Students in Arts of the 
 second year, which are tenable for two years. The Scholars of each 
 year are not disqualified from being Candidates for Scholarships the 
 succeeding year. The Eight Senior Scholarships are of the value of 
 £i,Q, each, tenable for one year only, and no Student who has already 
 held a Senior Scholarship can again become a Candidate in the same 
 Faculty. Senior Scholars are required to assist the Professors in the 
 Matriculation and Class Examinations, and in conducting the business 
 of the special departments of Literature and Science to which their 
 Scholarships severally belong, under such regulations as the Council 
 shall prescribe ; they must attend a class at College, and pursue, under 
 the superintendence of a Professor, an advanced course of study in one 
 or more of the branches in which they have been examined for Scholar- 
 ship. Of the Eight Senior Scholarships one is awarded for proficiency 
 in each of the following departments: — i. The Greek and Latin Lan- 
 guages and Ancient History. 2. The Modern Languages and Modern 
 History. 3. Mathematics. 4. Natural Philosophy. 5. Metaphysical 
 and Economical Sciences. 6. Chemistry. 7. Natural History. 8. 
 Law and Jurisprudence. 
 
94 
 
 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 COLLEGE FEES. 
 Table showing in each case the minimum amount of Fees payable by Students to 
 the College, including attendance on the several prescribed Courses of Lectures, and 
 Instruction : — 
 
 
 First 
 Year. 
 
 Second 
 Year. 
 
 * Third 
 Year. 
 
 Fourth 
 Year. 
 
 Candidate for A.B. and M.A. 
 
 If a Scholar 
 
 »Candidate for M.D 
 
 If a Scholar 
 
 Candidate for Certificate of Law Professors 
 
 If a Scholar 
 
 Candidate for Diploma of Elementary Law . 
 
 If a Scholar 
 
 Candidate for LL.B. and LL.D. . 
 
 If an Arts Scholar .... 
 
 If a Law Scholar .... 
 Candidate for Degree in Civil Engineering 
 
 If a Scholar 
 
 9 10 
 S o 
 
 4 10 
 
 2 10 
 
 4 lo 
 
 2 lO 
 
 13 10 
 
 9 
 II 10 
 10 10 
 
 5 10 
 
 7 S 
 
 3 IS 
 
 4 S 
 2 5 
 
 4 S 
 2 S 
 
 " S 
 7 IS 
 9 S 
 
 10 5 
 
 5 S 
 
 4 S 
 
 2 S 
 I S 
 
 10 s 
 6 S 
 9 S 
 6 S 
 
 3 S 
 
 £^- 
 
 1 
 
 Z 
 
 D 
 1 
 
 1 
 % 
 
 Matriculated Students can attend any classes in addition to those prescribed in the 
 course they are pursuing, on payment of the Fees. 
 
 * The M.D. Fees are calculated according to the classes attended. 
 
 Fees payable to the Professoks of Lecture Classes. 
 Each re-attendance on the same Course half Fee, except as noted by *. 
 
 Natural Philosophy applied . 
 The Law of Property 
 Jurisprudence 
 Equity and Banlsruptcy . 
 Civil Law .... 
 Common and Criminal Law . 
 Law of Evidence and Pleading 
 Constitutional, Colonial, and 
 
 International Law 
 Medical Jurisprudence 
 Chemistry 
 
 Practical Chemistry , 
 Anatomy and Physiology 
 Practical Anatomy 
 Materia Medica 
 Practice of Medicine 
 Practice of Surgery 
 Midwifery 
 Botany . 
 
 In addition to the above Fees, each Non-Matriculated Student pays, each Session, 
 5s. to the CoUege. 
 
 President, Rev. Pooley Shuldam Henry, D.D. 
 
 
 
 (. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 Greek . 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Latin 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 EngUsh . 
 
 
 *i 
 
 
 
 
 
 French . 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 German^ 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 History . 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Enghsh Literature 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Logic . 
 
 
 *i 
 
 
 
 
 
 Metaphysics . 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Political Economy 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mathematics 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Natural Philosophy 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Natural History 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mineralogy, Geology, and Phy- 
 
 
 
 
 sical Geography 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Geometrical Drawing, 
 
 Office 
 
 
 
 
 and Field Work 
 
 , , 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Engineering . 
 
 . 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Experimental Physics 
 
 . 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 *s 
 
 
 
 
 
 *^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 *3 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 Queen's College, Cork. — Founded 1845. The same general 
 rules prevail here as at the Queen's College, Belfast. The following 
 particulars, which are in some respects special to this College, may be 
 added. Candidates for Matriculation are requested to forward their 
 names to the Registrar of the College, Robert John Kenny, Esq., and 
 
QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY IN IRELAND. 95 
 
 to State the Faculty or Department of Faculty for which they propose 
 to Matriculate, at least three days before the commencement of the 
 Matriculation Examinations, which take place in October. Each Can- 
 didate, before being admitted to the Examination, is required to pay to 
 the Bursar the College Fees, amounting to los. for each Faculty or 
 Department of Faculty. The amount paid will be returned to those 
 Candidates who may not pass. After passing, and before receiving a 
 Certificate thereof, or joining the several Classes, the Student is required 
 to pay the whole of the Class Fees for the Session. One moiety of the 
 Curriculum Class Fees is returned to Junior Scholars. 
 
 Occasional Students are permitted to attend the Professors' Lectures, 
 on paying the Class Fees ; but they cannot become Candidates for 
 Scholarships or Prizes, nor enjoy the other privileges of Matriculated 
 Students. They may, however, enjoy the use of the Library, upon paying 
 a Subscription of 15s. for each Session; and the Professors are autho- 
 rised to recommend the Council to grant Certificates of Honour. 
 
 Institutions. — A Museum and Library are open to all the Students, 
 under certain regulations. 
 
 Scholarships. — The College Council is empowered to confer Eight 
 Senior Scholarships, of the value of ^£'40 each ; and Forty-six Junior 
 Scholarships : Fifteen in Literature, and Fifteen in Science, of ^£'24 each ; 
 Eight in Medicine, of ;^25 each; Three in Law, and Five in Civil 
 Engineering, of j[,2o each. These are tenable for one year only, except 
 the second year's Scholarships in Arts, which are tenable for two years. 
 Seven Senior Scholarships are appropriated to the most deserving 
 of the Graduates of the Queen's University in the Faculty of Arts 
 of less than two years' standing. 
 
 Prizes. — In May and June General Examinations are held in the 
 subjects lectured upon during the Session; and the sum of ;£■ 100 is 
 awarded in various amounts to the most distinguished Students. There 
 are also two University Prizes awarded by the College for English 
 Prose Composition, and two for Geometry. 
 
 Fees. — The Fees payable by Students, whether Matriculated or Non-Matriculated, 
 to the several Professors, for attendance on the several Pass Courses of Lectures or 
 instruction, which are now or may be hereafter prescribed by the College Council for 
 any Degree or other University distinction, shall be £1 for each Course extending 
 over one Term only, and £2 for each Course extending over more than one Term of 
 a Session, when attended for the first time, and £1 for each re-attendance on the 
 same ; except that the Fee payable for the Course of Anatomy and Physiology shall 
 be ;^3 when attended for the first time, and £z for every subsequent attendance ; 
 except, also, that the Fee payable for Practical Anatomy or Practical Chemistry shall 
 be ;f 3 for each attendance. 
 
 Hospital Attendance. — Clinical Lectures on Medicine and Surgery are 
 delivered at the North and South Infinuaries, by the Physicians and Surgeons of 
 those Institutions. 
 
 Fee for twelve months ;f 8 8 o 
 
 Fee for six months . . . . • • • 5 5° 
 Practical Pharmacy at the same Infirmaries : 
 
 Fee for three months ;f3 3 o 
 
 Clinical Midwifery at the Lying-in Hospital, with Practical Attendance upon 
 Thirty Midwifery cases : 
 
 Fee for six months ;f3 3 o 
 
 Further information may be had from the Medical Officers at the Infirmaries. 
 
 Registrar, R. J. Kenny, Esq. 
 
96 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Queen's College, Galway. — Founded 1845. The Rules as to 
 Matriculation, Residence, &c., are the same as at the associated Colleges. 
 It has not hitherto been mentioned that, for the better maintenance of 
 moral and rehgious discipline in the licensed Boarding-houses, Clergymen 
 and Ministers are appointed, under the title of Deans of Residence, to 
 have the moral care and spiritual charge of the Students of their respective 
 creeds. Thus there are Clergymen of the Church of Ireland, and 
 Ministers of the Presbyterian and Wesleyan Connexions, at present 
 appointed in the associated Colleges as Deans of Residence. The 
 College Councils have power to assign lecture-rooms within the precincts 
 of the Colleges, wholly or in part, for the use of the Deans of Resi- 
 dence, for the purpose of affording religious instruction to the Students 
 of their respective creeds, and also to make rules concerning the days 
 and times when such rehgious instruction shall be given therein, and 
 for securing that the same shall not interfere with the general discipline 
 of the College ; provided always, that no Student shall be compelled by 
 any rule of the College to attend any theological lecture or religious 
 instruction other than is approved by his parents or guardians, and that 
 no religious test shall be administered to any person in order to entitle 
 him to be admitted a Student of any such College, or to hold any office 
 therein, or to partake of any advantage or privilege thereof. 
 
 Classes have been formed for the purpose of preparing Students for 
 appointments in the Home Civil Service, and for direct appointments to 
 the advanced or practical Class of the Royal Military Academy at 
 Woolwich. 
 
 Institutions. — There is a Library, a Museum, and a Laboratory for 
 Practical Chemistry. 
 
 Scholarships and Exhibitions. — There are Forty-six Junior and 
 Eight Senior Scholarships. Of the former, Thirty, of the value of ^£24 
 each, are appropriated to Students pursuing the Course prescribed for 
 the Degree of B.A. ; Three, of the value of ;^2o each, to Students 
 pursuing the Course for the Diploma of Elementary Law and the Degree 
 of LL.B. ; Eight, of the value of £^2<^ each, to Students pursuing the 
 Course for the Degree of M.D. ; Five, of the value of ;£'2o each, to 
 Students pursuing the Course for the Degree in Civil Engineering. Of 
 the Eight Senior Scholarships, which are of ,^40 each. Seven are awarded 
 to the most distinguished Students who shall have proceeded to the 
 Degree of B.A. for proficiency in special departments of study ; and 
 One for the most distinguished Student who shall have proceeded to the 
 Degree of B.A., and completed the Course of Legal study prescribed to 
 Candidates for the Degree of LL.B. There are also Exhibitions varying 
 in value from _;^io to ;£2o, and numerous minor Prizes. 
 
 Fees. — These are generally the same as those of the associated Colleges. The' 
 Fee for Operative Surgery iS;^3 ; and Chemical Laboratoiy^f i. 
 
 Residence. — There is no accommodation for the residence of 
 Students within the Colleges ; but it is provided by the Statutes that 
 every Matriculated Student, being under the age of Twenty-one Years, 
 shall reside, during the College Terms, with his parent or guardian, or 
 with some relation or friend to whose care he shall have been committed 
 by his parent or guardian, or in one of the Boarding-houses licensed by 
 the President of the College, and arranged for the reception of Students, 
 
CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND. 97 
 
 who are then placed under the moral care and spiritual charge of the 
 Deans of Residence of their respective creeds. The terms for Board 
 and Lodging are generally at the rate of from ;^3o to jC^\o a year. 
 
 President, Edward Berwick, B.A. 
 
 UNIVERSITY LOCAL EXAMINATIONS, 
 
 Ireland. 
 
 The Queen's University holds Examinations in Dublin, as also in 
 the Queen's Colleges at Belfast, Cork, and Galway, and elsewhere, if 
 Local Committees are formed, annually in the month of June. Every 
 Junior Candidate who passes will receive a Certificate in Arts, specifying 
 the subjects in which the Examiners have been satisfied. Candidates 
 desirous of being examined in -Dublin, or at the Colleges of Belfast, 
 Cork, or Galway, must apply to the Secretary of the Queen's University, 
 Dublin Castle. Candidates desirous of being examined at any other 
 place must apply to the Secretary of the Local Committee at such place. 
 All applications must be lodged on or before the first day of May in 
 each year. Every Senior Candidate who passes will receive a Certificate, 
 conferring the title of Associate in Arts. Junior Candidates must not 
 be more than fifteen years of age on the day when the Examination 
 begins. There are also Junior and Senior Examinations for Women. 
 (See Part II.) 
 
 Fees. — Evei-y Candidate of the Junior Class will be required to pay a Fee of 5s. ; 
 and every Senior, 10s. 
 
 CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, 
 
 Dublin. 
 The University was founded 1854. It embraces the five Faculties 
 of Theology, Law, Medicine, Philosophy and Letters, and Science — of 
 which the last three are in operation. The University Church, the 
 Library, and the Mineralogical and Natural History Cabinets, and the 
 principal Lecture Halls and Central Ofiices, are situated in St. Stephen's 
 Green. The School of Medicine, with its Museum and Chemical 
 Laboratory, are in Cecilia Street. The Faculty of Theology is still 
 incomplete. One of its Professors, however, is at present charged with 
 the Religious Instruction of the Students of the other Faculties. The 
 Faculty of Law has not yet been in practical operation. But it is 
 proposed to make early arrangements for establishing a Law School, 
 which shall afford to the Students of the Catholic University the advan- 
 tages of a thorough and complete legal education. 
 
 Medicine. — ^The Faculty of Medicine is established in the large 
 Medical House in Cecilia Street, which contains two Lecture Theatres, 
 a Museum, and a Chemical Laboratory, dissecting-rooms, rooms for 
 anatomical preparations, private class, and Prosector's rooms. An 
 extensive and most complete Laboratory has been fitted up, in which 
 Students can pursue the study of practical Chemistry, Pharmacy, and 
 Toxicology, under the superintendence of the respective Professors. 
 
 Philosophy and Letters (Arts). — The University studies in Arts 
 
 H 
 
98 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 extend through four years. They are divided into two courses : one, 
 which is called the Pass Course, is obligatory on all ; the other, which 
 is the Course for Honours, is recommended to all, and is necessary for 
 such as wish to profit fully by the teaching of the University. Both 
 courses extend through four years. 
 
 Science. — The Lectures of the Faculty are attended by Students in 
 Science, and by those who are preparing for the profession of Architect 
 or of Civil Engineer, and for other occupations requiring a thorough 
 knowledge of Mathematical and Physical Science. They are also avail- 
 able to young men desirous of qualifying themselves for the Examinations 
 prescribed for appointments in the various departments of the public 
 service. Some of the courses of Lectures form part of the Under- 
 graduate course in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters; a special 
 curriculum is, however, prescribed for those Students who propose to 
 obtain the Degree of Bachelor of Science. 
 
 The Library contains a rare and vahiable collection of books, 
 among which may be mentioned the Library of the late Archbishop of 
 Dublin ; a collection of works on Canon and Civil Law, presented by 
 Mr. Hope Scott, Q.C. ; the Library of the Very Rev. Dr. Flanagan ; the 
 Munich Library of works on Medical and kindred Sciences, purchased 
 in the year 1856 from Dr. von Ringseis, formerly Rector of the Uni- 
 versity of Munich. It comprises over 5,000 volumes, including some 
 of the richest and rarest works in Medical Literature, from the earliest 
 period, of printing. It rnay be said to represent the select early 
 Medical Literature of the chief Schools which have flourished in 
 Europe ; and comprises works in Greek, Latin, French, German, 
 and English. To these must be added the Library bequeathed 
 to the University by the late Very Rev. Nicholas Cussen, Dean of 
 Limerick. This valuable collection consists of upwards of 12,000 
 volumes, including works in every department of Literature. 
 
 Physical, Mineralogical, and Natural History Cabinets, and 
 Chemical Laboratory. — These collections include a good series of 
 minerals and rock specimens. A commencement has also been made 
 in forming a zoological collection, both fossil and recent, and also one 
 of archaeology. The late Monsignore Bettachini, of the Oratory of St. 
 Philip Neri, Bishop of Jaffna, laid the foundation of the zoological 
 collection by a donation of specimens of birds, amphibise, and recent 
 shells of Ceylon; and Major Patterson that of the archaeological 
 collection by a donation of an extremely interesting collection of Greek 
 terra-cotta vases, &c., found in making some excavations in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Athens. 
 
 The Chemical Laboratory is fitted for the teaching of Practical 
 Chemistry, as in the German schools, and affords every facility for the 
 cultivation of that important and useful science. 
 
 There are Schools of Engineering, embracing Civil and Mining 
 Engineering, and Architecture ; and of Technology, or of Science 
 applied to Agriculture, Manufactures, &c. The Technological 
 division, when fully organised, will embrace the following depart- 
 ments : — t. Agriculture. 2. Mechanical Engineering, or the construc- 
 tion of machines and the erection of factories. 3. Textile Technology 
 (manufacture of fabrics in silk, wool, flax, hemp, cotton, &c., paper, 
 bleaching, dyeing, printing, &c., of tissues). 4. Metallurgy and raanu- 
 
CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND. 99 
 
 factures in metal. 5. Chemical Technology (manufacture of acids, salts, 
 glass, and ceramic wares, tanning, brewing, distilling, soap-making, 
 lighting, &c.). 6. General Commerce. 
 
 Although, properly speaking, it is not the business of a University to provide 
 special professional instruction for its Students, there is, no reason why it may not so 
 direct particular branches of studies, that the Students may thence derive increased 
 iitness for their special vocations in after-life. As a matter of fact, the studies 
 embraced within the teaching of all Universities do coincide with a special instruction 
 in the case of Theology and of Medicine ; and several also take care that their 
 Students enjoy a similar advantage" with regard to Civil Engineering. But, if a 
 University may assume the function of showing how certain scientific studies may be 
 practically employed in one profession, there seems to be no reason why it should not 
 do so in others. If a Student may leam the application of mathematical and physical 
 science to the construction of a railway, another may surely learn the application of 
 the same branches of science to construct the rolling stock. 
 
 There is no longer any necessity of proving the practical value of Physical Science. 
 Every one now admits that a knowledge of its principles, and skUl in their appli- 
 cation to manufacturing materials, are elements of industrial success which daily 
 assume a greater and wider importance. Even the merchant, who has nothing to do 
 with the production of the articles he imports or exports, would gain much by 
 receiving some scientific training. In Ireland, unfortunately, it has not been con- 
 sidered necessary to give a University education to those who intend to become 
 merchants, manufacturers, or professional agriculturists. Yet it is of as much impor- 
 tance to a country like Ireland that this very numerous class should receive a scientific 
 education, and have that education directed to practical purposes, as any other for 
 whose professional education provision is generally made. The second division of the 
 School of Applied Science is intended to meet the wants of this class. 
 
 Students of the University. — Any person, without becoming a 
 member of the University, may attend its Schools, or any particular 
 course of Lectures, on a letter of the Rector to the Secretary, and pay- 
 ment of the proper Fees. Such persons are called Auditors, and may, 
 under circumstances, be allowed to reside in a Collegiate House^ pro- 
 vided they submit themselves to its regulations. They have no con- 
 nection with the University, except in the Lecture-room, pass no 
 Examination, and obtain no honours or emoluments. 
 
 If they are formally entered Members of the University, they place 
 themselves under its discipline, become Students in Philosophy and 
 Letters, and submit themselves to the appointed Examinations. 
 
 The Students are of three classes. 
 
 I. — Residents, who are either 
 
 a) Interns, who reside in one of the University Houses in 
 
 Dublin ; or 
 ;3) Externs, who live with their friends, or in houses appointed 
 by the University, in Dublin, or in its neighbourhood, and 
 attend the University Lectures. 
 
 IL — Affiliated Students, who, after having passed the Entrance Ex- 
 amination, have been enrolled on the books of the University, and 
 pursue their studies in an approved College or School, with the view of 
 completing the higher studies in the University. They are examined at 
 the end of each Academical year by a University Examiner, who 
 visits the Colleges and Schools connected with the University in July, or 
 at any other convenient time, for the purpose of examining these Stu- 
 dents, and of recommending for Honours. (or "calling to first class") 
 those among them who may be found worthy of this distinction. 
 
 Exhibitions and Prizes. — There are Three Bachelors' Exhibitions, 
 each year, of ;^30 each, tenable for the ensuing session, offered for the 
 
 H 2 
 
100 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 competition of Students who shall have passed the B.A. Examination, 
 &c. Five ConoUy Exhibitions of ;^2o each, four for the School of 
 Science, and one for the School of Medicine ; and several other Exhi- 
 bitions and Minor Prizes. 
 
 Residence. — There are at present three Collegiate Houses in con- 
 nection with the University for the domestic accommodation of Stu- 
 dents. There are also several Lodging Houses which have been 
 licensed by the Rector. The charges vary, and may amount to from 
 £Z'i to £so per annum. 
 
 University Fees. — The following scale of Fees, applicable to all Students, has 
 been provisionally adopted : — £ s. d. 
 
 1. At Entrance loo 
 
 2. Before passing the Scholarship Examination . . .200 
 
 3. Before passing the B.A. Examination . . . .200 
 
 4. A fee oi£2. in each term, payable in the first week of the term, is required 
 for every Intern Student in the Faculties of Philosophy and Letters, and of 
 Science, for attendance upon Lectures. 
 
 5. A fee oi £% in each term, payable in the first week of the term, is required 
 from every Extern Student and Auditor in the Faculty of Philosophy and 
 Letters, and of Science, for attendance upon Lectures. 
 
 The Fees for instruction in Chemical operations and Analytical Chemistry, 
 which must be paid in advance, are ; — 
 
 For the whole Session of nine Tnonths, from the 1st of November 
 to the end of July, with privilege to Non-Matriculated Students 
 orAuditorsofattending all Lectures delivered during that period £ s. d. 
 
 by the Professor of Chemistry . 10 o o 
 
 For six months 600 
 
 For shorter periods 330 
 
 Students of all classes are admitted to the Lectures of the Medical School upon 
 payment of the usual Fees of ^^3 3s. each course. 
 
 A reduction of one-sixth is made to perpetual pupils paying the whole of their 
 Fees in advance, or in two instalments, at the commencement of the first and second 
 years of their course. 
 
 Rector, Very Rev. Monsignore Wood lock, D.D. 
 
 Diocesan Seminaries, Colleges, and Schools. — The following 
 is a List of Catholic Colleges and Schools that prepare Students for 
 the University : — 
 
 St. Patrick's College .... Armagh. 
 
 College of the Immaculate Conception Athlone. 
 
 Achonry Diocesan Seminary . . BaUaghadereen. 
 
 St. Muredach's Diocesan Seminary . Ballina. 
 
 St. Patrick's Diocesan Seminary . . Belfast. 
 French College of the Immaculate Heart 
 
 of Mary Blackrock. 
 
 Mount Melleray Abbey Seminary . Cappoquin. 
 
 St. Vincent's Seminary . . . Castleknock. • 
 
 Clongowes Wood College . . . Clane. 
 
 Holycross Diocesan Seminary . . ClonKffe. 
 
 St. Vincent's Seminary . , . Cork. 
 
 University School .... Lower Leeson Street, Dublin. 
 
 Our Lady of Mount Carmel . . Dominick Street, Dublin. 
 
 St. Laurence's Seminary , . . Usher's Quay, Dubhn. 
 
 Killaloe Diocesan College . . . Ennis. 
 
 St. Aidan's Seminary .... Enniscorthy. 
 
 St. Colman's College .... Fermoy. 
 
 St. Ignatius' College .... Galway. 
 
 St. Kyran's College .... Kilkenny. 
 
 S:. Brendan's Seminary . . . Killarney. 
 
CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND. lot 
 
 St. Munchin's Seminary . . . Limerick. 
 
 St. Mel's Seminary .... Longford. 
 
 St. Brendan's Seminary . . . Loughrea. 
 
 Dromora Diocesan Seminary . . Newry. 
 
 Dominican Seminary .... Newbridge. 
 
 St. John's Seminary . . . . Sligo. 
 
 St. Stanislaus' College, Tullabeg . . TuUamore. 
 
 University High School . . . Waterford. 
 
 These Colleges and Schools are visited at the close of each University Session, in 
 July, by an Examiner specially deputed for the purpose. He examines the Affiliated 
 Students, who may also be members of the College or School, in the business of the 
 previous Session, recommending for Honours those whom he may find deserving. At 
 the same time, he holds an Entrance or Matriculation Examination for the University. 
 
 Catholic University School, Dublin. — Patron : His Emi- 
 nence THE Cardinal Archbishop. Conducted by the Fathers of 
 the Society of Mary. The Marist Fathers have also St. Mary's 
 College and Novitiate, Dundalk ; and the Colleges of St. Chamond, 
 Bar-le-duc, Riom, La Sbgue, Toulon, Montlu9on, &c., in France. The 
 direct object of this School is not only to aflford every facility for the 
 same Literary and Scientific training which may be obtained in the best 
 Catholic Colleges, but especially to prepare Students efficiently for the 
 Catholic University. Another leading object is to prepare Pupils 
 for the Naval, Military, and Civil Services, and for Professional or Com- 
 mercial pursuits. The success which every year crowns their efforts in 
 the preparation of their Pupils for University Degrees, and for Govern- 
 ment Services, affords ample proof of the high character of the School. 
 The subjects taught are Reading, Writing, Elocution; the Greek and 
 Latin Classics ; the English, French, Italian, and German Languages ; 
 Ancient and Modern (chiefly Irish and English) History ; Geography ; 
 Arithmetic and Book-keeping ; Geometry, Algebra, Trigonometry, and 
 Physics. Any Pupil may, by desire, omit Greek, or Greek and Latin 
 altogether. The Academical Year is divided into Three Terms: Michael- 
 mas, Hilary, and Easter. Scholars are admitted at any age, provided 
 they have learned to read and write. Examinations are held at the end 
 of each Term, and Prizes are distributed. 
 
 Fees. — Lower School, £(> 6s. ; Middle School, ^^8 8s. ; Upper School, Fifth 
 Form, ;f 10 los. ; Sixth Form, ;^I 2 I2s. Certain optional extras. 
 
 President, Rev. T. Leterrier, S.M. 
 
 College of St. Francis Xavier, Dublin. — Conducted by the 
 Fathers of the Society of Jesus. Pupils are prepared for the 
 Catholic University and the Ecclesiastical Colleges ; for the Learned 
 Professions ; for the Public Service, Civil and Military ; and for Mercan- 
 tile life. The Religious Education of the Pupils is anxiously attended 
 to. They are made familiar with the Christian Doctrine, and are trained 
 to the pious observance of all their religious duties. The Course of 
 Studies embraces the Greek and Latin Classics ; French, German, and 
 Italian; Mathematics and Elementary Physics; History, Geography, 
 and all the other branches of an English education. Writing, Arith- 
 metic, Book-keeping, and Elocution are taught mth especial care. The 
 Academical Year begins early in September, and ends in the last week 
 of July. The pension is £,% per year, with optional extras. 
 
 President, Rev. Edward Kelly, S.J. 
 
102 SOMS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 St. Patrick's College, Carlow.— Founded by the Right Rev. 
 Dr. Keeffe, 1793, for the Education of Cathohc Clergy and Laity. 
 For upwards of seventy years has afforded to the Cathohc youth of 
 Ireland, and of the Colonies, the advantages of a liberal education, 
 under the protection of Religion. In the Ecclesiastical Department 
 there are usually about one hundred Students, who are trained for the 
 Catholic Priesthood, receiving a full Course of instruction in Theology, 
 Sacred Philosophy, and Rhetoric. Half of these Students are destined 
 for the Home Mission, and half for the Foreign Mission. Pension in 
 the Ecclesiastical College £^2^ per annum. 
 
 The Lay Department is distinct from the Ecclesiastical. The Course 
 of Study is arranged for University and Collegiate purposes ; a,nd there 
 are special Classes for those who contemplate Mercantile pursuits. 
 
 The site of the College is remarkable for healthiness. The halls and 
 dormitories are spacious and comfortable ; the recreation grounds are 
 extensive, well planted, and abundantly supphed with means and induce- 
 ments to healthful exercise. A Library, containing a large collection 
 of Modem works, is attached to the Lay College. Pension, Thirty 
 Guineas; or j[,^o, including every expense, save a few optional extras. 
 There is only one Vacation in the year, which commences on the ist 
 July, and ends on the 15th August. 
 
 Preparatory School. — There is a separate School for Boys from 
 eight to twelve years of age. Pension £^2>° per annum. Communica- 
 tions respecting the College or the Schools to be directed to the Presi- 
 dent, St. Patrick's College, Carlow. 
 
 St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, founded 1795, is exclusively 
 for Students preparing themselves for the Catholic Priesthood. The 
 Course of Studies extends over eight years— four being devoted to Arts, 
 Science, and Philosophy, and four to Theology. 
 
 A few who have been distinguished during their Course are elected 
 by the College Council Scholars or Members of the Dunboyne Establish- 
 ment, and as such are permitted to continue their studies for three 
 years longer. 
 
 Candidates who have made their studies in Arts elsewhere may pass 
 at the Entrance Examination for one of the higher classes of Philosophy 
 or Theology. All the Students reside within the walls of the College. 
 Every Candidate for Matriculation must be recommended by one of the 
 Irish Roman Catholic Bishops. Before he is admitted to the Entrance 
 Examination he is required to pay to the College Bursar an Entrance 
 Fee of _;£8 8s. ; and on becoming a Matriculated Student he is required 
 to pay an annual pension of ;^2 8 half-yearly in advance; but he is not 
 required to pay any fees for attendance at Class Lectures. 
 
 Before the disendowment of the College by " the Irish Church Act," 
 most of the Students had free places ; and after a few years there will 
 still be a considerable number of free places at the disposal of the 
 Trustees. 
 
 Dean, Rev. James O'Kane. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. 
 
 103 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. 
 
 Burlington Gardens, W. Founded 1836. Charters, 1837, '58, '63. 
 Returns a representative to parliament. Free from restrictions of 
 rank, creed, politics, or school. Examinations for Matriculation twice 
 in each year ; one commencing the second Monday in January, the 
 other on last Monday in June. The First Bachelor of Arts Examina- 
 tion takes place once in each year, commencing on the third Monday 
 in July. The First Bachelor of Science Examination takes place once in 
 each year, commencing also on the third Monday in July. Examina- 
 tions are held not only at the University, but also in other 
 parts of the United Kingdom,' and in the Colonies. The Honours 
 Examinations are held in London only. The University does not pro- 
 vide directly the means of Education, but conducts Examinations half- 
 yearly, and confers Degrees in Arts, Literature, Law, Science, 
 Surgery, and Medicine. Diplomas, Certificates, and Licenses may be 
 granted by various Professional Corporations and Societies; but the 
 only body in London that can confer any kind of Degree is the 
 University of London. 
 
 By the Charter of the University the following Educational 
 Institutions are pronounced to be in union therewith, in addition to the 
 Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and the several Colleges and 
 Houses of Learning in those Universities respectively : — 
 
 Aberdeen University. 
 
 Airedale College, Yorkshire. 
 
 Baptist College, Bristol. 
 
 Bedford Grammar School. 
 
 Bishops Stortford Collegiate School. 
 
 Brecon Independent College. 
 
 College, Regent's Park. 
 
 Countess of Huntingdon's College, Ches- 
 
 hunt. 
 Dublin University. 
 Durham University. 
 Edinburgh University. 
 Glasgow University. 
 Hackney Theological Seminary. 
 Huddersfield College. 
 King's College, London. 
 Lancashire Independent College. 
 Manchester New College, London. 
 New College, St. John's Wood. 
 Owen's College, Manchester. 
 Presbyterian College, Caermarthen. 
 Protestant Dissenters' College, Rother- 
 
 ham. 
 Queen's College, Birmingham. 
 Queen's College, Belfast. 
 Queen's College, Cork. 
 
 Queen's College, Galway. 
 
 Queen's College, Liverpool. 
 
 Queen's University in Ireland. 
 
 Rawdon College, near Leeds. 
 
 Springfield College, Ennis. 
 
 Spring HiU College, Moseley. 
 
 St. Andrew's University. 
 
 St. Edmund's College, Ware. 
 
 St. Cuthbert's College, Ushaw. 
 
 St. Gregory College, Downside. 
 
 St. Kyran's College, Kilkenny. 
 
 St. Mary's College, Oscott. 
 
 St. Patrick's College, Carlow. 
 
 St. Patrick's College, Thurles. 
 
 Stonyhurst CoUege. 
 
 Trevecca College, Brecon. 
 
 University College, London. 
 
 University of Calcutta. 
 
 University of Melbomne. 
 
 University of Sydney. 
 
 University of Toronto. 
 
 Wesley CoUege, near Sheffield. 
 
 Wesley Collegiate Institution, Taunton. 
 
 Western CoUege, Plymouth. 
 
 Independent College, Taunton. 
 
 Working Men's College, London. 
 
 Matriculation. — Candidates for any Degree granted by the Univer- 
 sity (with the exception of such as have graduated in Arts either in the 
 University of Sydney or in that of Melbourne) are required to have 
 passed the Matriculation Examination. This Examination is accepted 
 by the Council of Military Education, in lieu of the Entrance Examina- 
 
104 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 tion otherwise requisite for Candidates seeking admission to the Royal 
 Military College at Sandhurst ; by the College of Surgeons, in place of 
 the Preliminary Examination otherwise required ; it is also among those 
 Examinations of which one must be passed by every Medical Student on 
 commencing his studies ; and by every person entering upon articles of 
 Clerkship to an Attorney, — any such person matriculating in the First 
 Division being entitled to exemption from one year's service. No 
 candidate will be admitted to the Matriculation Examination unless he 
 produces a certificate showing that he has completed his sixteenth year. 
 The certificate should be from a Superintendent Registrar of a district, 
 or a certified copy of the Baptismal Register. If one of these cannot 
 be obtained, the best evidence procurable must be furnished. Such certi- 
 ficate must be transmitted to the Registrar at least fourteen days before 
 the Examination. The Examination is usually conducted by printed 
 papers ; but the Examiners may at discretion submit vivA voce questions. 
 (This applies to all examinations.) Candidates are examined in 
 Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and Classics. The 
 questions in Natural Philosophy are strictly of an elementary character. 
 Upon an appointed day the Examiners pubUsh a list of the Candidates 
 who have passed, arranged in three divisions — in the Honours division 
 in the order of proficiency ; in the First and Second Divisions in alpha- 
 betical order. 
 
 If in the opinion of the Examiners any Candidates in the Honours 
 Division, of not more than twenty years of age at the commencement of 
 the Examination, shall possess sufficient merit, the first among such 
 Candidates shall receive an Exhibition of £^j,o per annum for two years ; 
 the second ;£20 per annum for two years; the third £,xs V^'^ annum 
 for two years ; such Exhibitions to be payable by quarterly instalments, 
 provided the Exhibitioner shall declare his intention of presenting him- 
 self either at the two Examinations for B.A., or for B.Sc, or at the First 
 LL.B., or the Preliminary Scientific and First M.B. Examinations, within 
 three Academical Years from the time of his passing the Matriculation 
 Examination. 
 
 Under the same circumstances the fourth among the successful Can- 
 didates shall receive a Prize to the value of;^io in Books, Philosophical 
 Instruments, or Money ; and the fifth and sixth shall each receive a 
 Prize to the value of ;^s in like manner. Any Candidate who may 
 obtain a place in the Honours Division at the Matriculation Examina- 
 tion in January, shall be admissible to the First B.A., or to the First B.Sc. 
 Examination in the following July. But such Candidate shall not be 
 admissible to the second of either of these Examinations in the ensuing 
 year unless he shall have attained the age of eighteen years. These 
 Examinations are held not only at the University, but in other parts 
 of the Kingdom, and in the Colonies. 
 
 By the term "Academical Year" is ordinarily meant the period inteiTening 
 between any Examination and an Examination of a higher grade in the following 
 year; which period may be either more or less than a Calendar year. Thus the 
 interval between the First Examinations in Arts, Science, and Medicine, and the 
 Second Examinations of the next year in those Faculties respectively, is about sixteen 
 months ; whilst the interval between the Second B.A. Examination and the M.A. 
 Examination of the next year, or between the Second B.Sc. Examination and the 
 D.Sc. Examination of the next year, is less than eight months. Nevertheless, each 
 of tliese intervals is counted as an " Academical Year." 
 
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. 105 
 
 Matriculation Fee £z, payable to the Registrar, prior to examination, upon 
 the Candidate entering his name on the Register. The fee will not be returned if 
 the Candidate withdraws or fails upon examination. But he will be admissible to 
 any two subsequent Matriculation Examinations without additional fee, provided he 
 gives fourteen days' notice to the Registrar prior to the date of the proposed exami- 
 nation. This rule appUes to fees generally. 
 
 Degrees in Arts. — Bachelors of Arts of the University who enter 
 upon articles of Clerkship to an Attorney, after Graduation, are admis- 
 sible as Attorneys after three (instead of five) years' service. Bachelors 
 of Arts are admissible to Examination for the Theological Certificate of 
 King's College after one year's attendance in the Theological Depart- 
 ment subsequent to Graduation ; two years of such attendance being 
 required from Non-Graduates. Candidates for the B.A. Degree must 
 have passed the Matriculation Examination, or have taken a Degree in 
 Arts either in the University of Sydney, or in that of Melbourne, and 
 pass subsequently two Examinations. Nevertheless Bachelors of Science 
 of this University shall be admitted to the Degree of Bachelor of Arts 
 after passing the two B.A. Examinations in those subjects in which they 
 have not previously been examined. The First B.A. Examination takes 
 place once in each year, commencing the third Monday in July. No 
 Candidate (except such as have obtained Honours at the Matriculation 
 Examination in the preceding January) shall be admitted to this Exa- 
 mination within one Academical Year of his passing the Matriculation 
 Examination. A satisfactory certificate of good conduct must be 
 transmitted to the Registrar at least one calendar month before the 
 commencement of the Examination. Candidates are examined in 
 Mathematics ; Latin and Roman History ; Greek ; English Language, 
 Literature, and History ; and French or German Language. For 
 Honours. — Any Candidate who has passed the previous Examination in 
 all its subjects may be examined at the Honours Examination next 
 following, in — i. Mathematics and Mechanical Philosophy; 2. Latin; 
 3. English ; 4. French ; and 5. German ; unless he have previously 
 obtained the Exhibition in Mathematics and Mechanical Philosophy in 
 the First B.Sc. Examination, in which case he shall not be admissible in 
 that subject. Candidates for Honours in Mathematics and Mechanical 
 Philosophy shall be Examined in Algebra ; Theory of Equations ; Plane 
 Trigonometry ; Spherical Trigonometry ; Conies ; Solid Geometry, as far 
 as Equations to Surfaces of the Second Degree inclusive ; Differential 
 Calculus ; Integral Calculus : Statics ; and Dynamics of a Particle. 
 For Honours in Latin, Candidates shall be Examined in the Latin 
 Language, and Composition in Latin and English. Candidates for 
 Honours in English shall be Examined in subjects to be defined from 
 time to time, and in Original Composition upon questions arising out of 
 the Authors selected for Examination. Candidates for Honours in 
 French or German shall be tested as to their power of maintaining a 
 Conversation in the Language ; in regard to their ready comprehension 
 of questions addressed to them, and to the intelligibility and grammatical 
 correctness of their repUes. And success in these respects will be 
 essential to gain a place in the First Class. 
 
 If in the opinion of the Examiners any Candidate of not more than 
 twenty-iwo years of age at the commencement of the Pass Examination, 
 who shall have passed the First B.A., or the First B.Sc. Examination, 
 
io6 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 shall possess sufficient merit, the Candidate who shall distinguish himself 
 the most of all the Candidates, and who were not more than the specified 
 age, in Mathematics and Mechanical Philosophy, shall receive an Exhi- 
 bition of ;£'4o per annum for two years, payable under similar conditions 
 to the Exhibitions in Arts. The Candidate of like age who shall most 
 distinguish himself in Latin shall also receive an Exhibition of £/[o per 
 annum for two years. The successful Candidate in English shall receive 
 an Exhibition of £21° P^r annum for two years. The successful Candi- 
 dates in French and German shall each receive a Prize to the value of 
 _^io in Books or Money. 
 
 The Second B.A. Examination takes place once in each year, and 
 commences on the fourth Monday in October. No Candidate shall be 
 admitted to this Examination within one Academical Year of his passing 
 the First B.A., unless he have previously taken the Degree of B.Sc. ; 
 and the usual good conduct certificate must be forwarded to the Regis- 
 trar one calendar month before the commencement of the Examination. 
 Candidates shall be Examined in Mechanical and Natural Philosophy ; 
 Animal Physiology ; Classics ; and Logic and Moral Philosophy. For 
 Honours.— Kmj Candidate who has passed the Second B.A., and has 
 not previously passed the Second B.Sc, may be Examined at the 
 Honours Examination next following the Second B.A. at which he has 
 passed, for Honours in i. Mathematics and Natural Philosophy ; 
 2. Classics; 3. Logic and Moral Philosophy; and 4. Animal Physio- 
 logy. Any Bachelor of Science who has passed the Second B.A. in 
 Classics and Grecian History may be Examined in Honours for one or 
 more of the specified subjects, provided he shall have gone through the 
 Pass Examination in the corresponding subject or subjects immediately 
 before ; unless he previously obtained a Scholarship at the Second B.Sc. 
 Examination in either of the subjects common to it with the Second B.A. 
 Examination, in which case he shall not be admissible in that subject. 
 Candidates for Honours in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy shall 
 be Examined in the Honours subjects of the First B.A. carried to a 
 higher development, and also in Solid Geometry; Differential Equations; 
 Calculus of Variations ; Rigid Dynamics ; Hydrostatics and Hydro- 
 dynamics ; Optics ; and Plane Astronomy. Candidates for Honours 
 in Classics shall be Examined in the Greek and Latin Languages, and 
 Composition in Greek, Latin, and English. Candidates for Honours in 
 Logic and Moral Philosophy shall be Examined in Names, Notations, 
 and Propositions ; Syllogism ; Induction and Subsidiary Operations ; 
 the Senses : Intellect ; Emotions ; Will ; and the Theory of Ethics. 
 
 If in the opinion of the Examiners any Candidate of not more than 
 twenty-three years of age at the commencement of the Pass Examina- 
 tion, who shall have passed either the Second B.A. or the Second 
 B.Sc, shall possess sufficient merit, the Candidate who shall distinguish 
 himself' most of all the Candidates, under similar conditions, in Mathe- 
 matics and Natural Philosophy, or in Logic and Moral Philosophy, shall 
 receive j[^^o per annum for the next three years, with the style of 
 University Scholar; it being intended that one Scholarship shall be 
 given in each case among all the Candidates, although some may have 
 passed the Second B.A., and others the Second B.Sc. Examination. 
 And, under similar conditions, the successful Candidate in Classics shall 
 receive £,^q per annum for three years. The successful Candidate in 
 
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. 107 
 
 Animal Physiology shall receive a Prize of the value of £^0 in Books, 
 Philosophical Instruments, or Money. 
 
 The Examination for the Degree of Master of Arts shall take place 
 once in each year, and shall commence on the first Monday in 
 June. Candidates shall be Examined in one or more of the following 
 subjects: — I. Classics; II. Mathematics and Natural Philosophy; 
 III. Logic and Moral Philosophy; Political Philosophy; History of 
 Philosophy ; and Political Economy. 
 
 If in the opinion of the Examiners any Candidate shall evince suf- 
 ficient merit, the most distinguished Candidate in each of the Divisions 
 shall receive a Gold Medal, value £20 ; and the same Candidate may 
 take one, two, or all of the three Medals. 
 
 Candidates for the Degree of Doctor of Literature shall be required 
 to have obtained the Degree of B.A. in this University, and to pass tvvo 
 subsequent Examinations. Nevertheless those who have taken their 
 Degree in Branch I. shall be admitted to the Degree of Doctor of 
 Literature after passing the Second of the two Examinations only. 
 
 The First D.Lit. Examination shall take place once in each year, and 
 shall commence on the first Monday in June. No Candidate shall be 
 admitted to this Examination until after the expiration of one Acade- 
 mical Year from the time of his having obtained the Degree of B.A. ; 
 nor shall any Candidate be admitted unless he have given notice to the 
 Registrar at \e.as,X. fourteen days before the commencement of the Exami- 
 nation, nor unless he have given evidence of having completed his 
 twentieth year. The Second D.Lit. Examination shall take place once 
 in each year, and shall commence on the second Tuesday in October. 
 No Candidate shall be admitted to this Examination within one Acade- 
 mical Year of the time of his passing either the First D.Lit., or the 
 M.A. Examination in Branch I. ; nor unless he have given notice of his 
 intention to the Registrar on or before the ist of April. 
 
 Fees. — B.A. First and Second Examinations ;,f J each ; M.A. ;f 10 ; First and 
 Second D.Lit. ^^lo each. No Fees are returnable in the event of failure; but sub- 
 sequent Examinations are allowed without the payment of additional Fees. 
 
 Degrees in Science. — Candidates for the Degree of Bachelor of 
 Science are required to have passed the Matriculation Examination, or 
 to have taken a Degree in Arts either in the Univ€rsity of Sydney, or in 
 that of Melbourne ; and subsequently pass two Examinations. But 
 Bachelors of Arts of the University may be admitted to the Degree of 
 Bachelor of Science after passing at the two B.Sc. Examinations in 
 those subjects upon which they have not been previously examined ; 
 and Undergraduates who have passed the First M.B. Examination of the 
 University may be admitted to the Degree of Bachelor of Science after 
 passing the second B.Sc. Examination only. 
 
 The First B.Sc. Examination shall take place once in each year, 
 commencing on the third Monday in July. No Candidate for B.Sc. 
 Examination (with the exception of such as have obtained Honours at 
 the Matriculation Examination in the preceding January) shall be ad- 
 mitted to this Examination within one Academical Year of the time of his 
 passing the Matriculation Examination ; nor shall any Candidate be 
 admitted without having -produced a satisfactory certificate of good 
 conduct. But Candidates who attained the age of twenty-one before 
 January i, i860, are admissible to the successive Examinations for 
 
io8 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Degrees in Science, without the intervals between them prescribed by 
 the Regulations. Candidates for the First B.Sc. Examination are ex- 
 amined in Mathematics, Mechanical Philosophy, Natural Philosophy, 
 Inorganic Chemistry, Botany and Vegetable Physiology, and Zoology. 
 Those who pass in all the subjects of the First Examination, and also at 
 the same time in the Practical Chemistry of the Preliminary Scientific 
 M.B. Examination, are considered as having passed both the First B.Sc. 
 and the Preliminary Scientific Examinations, and are not required to pay 
 an additional Fee. 
 
 Preliminary Scientific M.B. Examination. — Candidates must 
 have, completed their seventeenth year, and have passed the Matricu- 
 lation Examination, or taken a Degree in Arts in one of the Univer- 
 sities of Sydney, Melbourne, or Calcutta (provided, in the last case, 
 that he has passed in Latin). Candidates will be examined in the 
 following subjects : — Mechanical and Natural Philosophy, Inorganic 
 Chemistry, Botany and Vegetable Physiology, and Zoology. Candidates 
 will not be approved by the Examiners unless they show competent 
 knowledge in all the foregoing subjects of Examination, and also in 
 Practical Chemistry. This Examination takes place once in each year, 
 commencing on the third Monday in July. For Honours. — ^Any 
 Candidate who has pa:ssed the First B.Sc. Examination in all its subjects 
 may be examined at the Honours Examination next following the First 
 B.Sc. at which he has passed for Honours, in Mathematics and Mechani- 
 cal Philosophy, Experimental Physics, Chemistry, Botany, and Zoology. 
 Any Candidate who has passed the Preliminary Scientific Examina- 
 tion may be examined for Honours in Experimental Physics, Chemistry, 
 Botany, and Zoology. [There are several matters of reservation respect- 
 ing Examinations for Honours, and the final Examinations, for which 
 it will be necessary to refer to the printed Regulations of the University.] 
 
 If in the opinion of the Examiners any Candidate of not more than 
 twenty-two years of age at the commencement of the Pass Examination, 
 who shall have passed the First B.Sc, or the First B.A., shall possess 
 sufficient merit, the Candidate who shall most distinguish himself in 
 Mathematics and Mechanical Philosophy shall receive an Exhibition of 
 ^/^o per annum for two years ; and the Candidates who shall distinguish 
 themselves most in Experimental Physics, in Chemistry, in Botany, and in 
 Zoology, shall each receive an Exhibition of jQ\o per annum for two years, 
 subject to the usual conditions. And the first and second Candidates in 
 Experimental Physics shall each receive a Neil Amott Bronze Medal. 
 
 The Second B.Sc. Examination takes place once in each year, and com- 
 mences on the fourth Monday in October. Every Candidate for this Exami- 
 nation who shall not have previously taken the Degree of B.A. shall be 
 required to have passed either the First B.Sc. Examination at least one 
 Academical Year previously, or to have passed the First M.B. Examination 
 in this University ; he shall also be required to produce a satisfactory cer- 
 tificate of good conduct, &c. Candidates will be examined in the follow- 
 ing subjects : — Mechanical and Natural Philosophy, Organic Chemistry, 
 Animal Physiology, Geology and Palaeontology, and Logic and Moral 
 Philosophy| For Honours. — Any Candidate who has passed the Second 
 B.Sc. Exai^ination, and has not previously passed the Second B.A. 
 Examination, may be examined for Honours at the Honours Examination 
 next following the Second B.Sc. Examination at which he has passed. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. 109 
 
 If in the opinion of the Examiners any Candidate of not more than 
 twenty-three years of age at the commencement of the Pass Examination, 
 who shall have passed either the Second B.Sc. or the Second B.A. 
 Examination, shall possess sufficient merit, the Candidates who shall 
 distinguish themselves most in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 
 and in Logic and Moral Philosophy, shall each receive ^^50 per annum 
 for three years. And the Candidates who shall distinguish themselves 
 most in Chemistry, in Zoology, and in Geology and Palaeontology, shall 
 each receive ;^so per annum for the next two years, with the style of 
 University Scholar. 
 
 Doctor of Science. — The Examination for this Degree shall take 
 place annually within the first twenty-one days of June, and shall 
 occupy four days. No Candidate can be admitted for this Degree 
 until after the expiration of two Academical Years from the time of his 
 obtaining the Degree of B.Sc. Every Candidate will be examined in 
 some one of the following branches of knowledge, to be selected by 
 himself; and no Candidate will be approved unless he shows a thorough 
 practical knowledge of the principal subject, and a general acquaintance 
 with the subsidiary subject or subjects belonging to the branch selected : — 
 Mathematics, Astronomy, Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, 
 Electricity, Magnetism, Physical Optics, Heat, Acoustics, Biological 
 Science, Geological and Palseontological Science, and Mental Science. 
 [The principal and subsidiary subjects are amply detailed in the printed 
 University Regulations.] 
 
 Fees.— First B.Sc. Examination, ;^s ; Preliminary M.B., ;f 5 ; Second B.Sc, ;^s ; 
 D.Sc, ;f 10. 
 
 Degrees in Laws. — Candidates for the Degree of Bachelor of Laws 
 shall be required either to have passed the Matriculation Examination, 
 or to have taken a Degree in Arts, either in the University of Sydney, 
 or in that of Melbourne, and to have passed two subsequent Examina- 
 tions. The First LL.B. Examination shall take place once in each 
 year, within the first fourteen days of January. No Candidate (with 
 the exception specified under Degrees in Arts) shall be admitted to this 
 Examination within twelve months from the time of his passing the 
 Matriculation Examination, unless he have taken a Degree in Arts in 
 one of the before-mentioned Universities, in which case he may at once 
 proceed to this Examination. There must be the usual Certificate of 
 good conduct. Candidates will be examined in the following subjects : — 
 I. Jurisprudence J 2. Roman Law; 3. Constitutional History of Eng- 
 land. For Honours. — This Examination shall take place on Thursday 
 and Friday in the week following the Pass Examination. Any Candi- 
 date who has passed the First LL.B. may be examined at the Honours 
 Examination next following, for Honours in Jurisprudence and Roman 
 Law. 
 
 If in the opinion of the Examiners any Candidate shall possess suffi- 
 cient merit, the Candidate who shall distinguish himself the most shall 
 receive an Exhibition of ^40 per annum for two years, upon the usual 
 conditions. 
 
 The Second LL.B. Examination shall take place in each year within 
 the first fourteen days of January. No Candidate shall be admitted to 
 this Examination within two Academical Years of the time of his passing 
 the First LL.B. Examination ; and there must be the usual Certificate 
 
no SOJVS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 of good conduct, and one calendar month's notice to the Registrar. 
 Candidates shall be examined in the following subjects : — i. Common 
 Law ; 2. Equity ; 3. Real Property Law ; 4. Law and Principles of 
 Evidence; and Roman Law. For Honours. — This Examination shall 
 take place on Thursday and Friday in the week following the Pass 
 Examination, and shall occupy two days. Any Candidate who has 
 passed the Second LL.B. may be examined .at the Honours Examina- 
 tion next following the Second LL.B. at which he has passed, for 
 Honours in Common Law (including Law of Evidence) and Equity. 
 
 If in the opinion of the Examiners any Candidate shall possess suffi- 
 cient merit, the Candidate who shall distinguish himself the most shall 
 receive a Scholarship of ;^So per annum for two years, with the style of 
 University Law Scholar. 
 
 The Examination for the Degree of Doctor of Laws shall take place 
 annually in the week following the LL.B. Pass Examinations. No 
 Candidate shall be admitted unless he shall have obtained the Degree 
 of LL.B. in this University ; and no Candidate under the age of thirty 
 shall be admitted to Examination until after the expiration of two Aca- 
 demical Years from the time of his obtaining the Degree of LL.B. 
 Candidates are required to give notice of their intention to the Registrar 
 before the 15th of the previous December. Candidates shall be ex- 
 amined in the following subjects: — i. Roman Law; 2. One of three 
 optional subjects — Common Law, Real Property Law, Equity; 3. One 
 of the following subjects — International Law, public and private. 
 Jurisprudence, and Principles of Legislation. 
 
 If in the opinion of the Examiners sufficient merit be evinced, the 
 Candidate who shall distinguish himself most at the Examination for the 
 Degree of Doctor of Laws shall receive a Gold Medal value ;^20. 
 
 Fees. — First LL.B. Examination, ;^5 ; Second LL.B., ;^s ; Doctor of Laws, £10. 
 
 Degrees in Medicine. — Every Candidate for the Degree of Bachelor 
 of Medicine shall be required to have passed the Matriculation Examina- 
 tion, or to have taken a Degree in Arts, in either of the Universities of 
 Sydney, Melbourne, or Calcutta (provided in the last case that Latin has 
 been one of the subjects in which he has passed). To have passed the 
 Preliminary Scientific Examination (see Regulations relating to Degrees 
 in Science). To have been engaged in Professional Studies during four 
 years subsequently to Matriculation or Graduation in Arts, at one or 
 more of the Medical Institutions or Schools recognised by this Uni- 
 versity ; one year at least of the four to have been spent in one or more 
 of the recognised Institutions or Schools of the United Kingdom. To 
 pass two Examinations in Medicine. The First M.B. Examination 
 shall take place once in each year, and shall commence on the last 
 Monday in July. Candidates must have completed their nineteenth 
 year ; and in addition to the Certificate of age, must certify to having 
 taken Courses of Medical and Surgical Instruction, as set forth in the 
 University Calendar, 
 
 If, in the opinion of the Examiners, sufficient merit be evinced, the 
 Candidates who shall distinguish themselves the most in Anatomy, in 
 Physiology, Histology, and Comparative Anatomy, and in Materia 
 Medica, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and Organic Chemistry, shall each 
 receive an Exhibition of ;^4o for the next two years, subject to the 
 
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. in 
 
 usual conditions. The Second M.B. Examination shall take place once 
 in each year, commencing on the first Monday in November. No 
 Candidate shall be admitted to this Examination within two Academical 
 Years of the time of his passing the First Examination, nor unless he 
 have produced Certificates, particulars of which may be obtained of the 
 Registrar, as before mentioned. The Examinations for Honours 
 commence in the week following that in which the Pass Examination 
 commenced. 
 
 If, in the opinion of the Examiners, sufficient merit be evinced, the 
 Candidate who shall distinguish himself the most in Medicine shall receive 
 £^<-)Q per annum for the next two years, and the style of University 
 Scholar in Medicine. Under the same circumstances the Candidates 
 who shall most distinguish themselves in Obstetric Medicine and in 
 Forensic Medicine shall each receive £^t,o per annum for the next two 
 years, with the style of University Scholar in Obstetric Medicine, and in 
 Forensic Medicine respectively. The First and Second Candidates in 
 each of the preceding subjects shall each receive a Gold Medal of the 
 value of ;^5. 
 
 Bachelor of Surgery. — The Examination for this Degree shall take 
 place once in each year, and shall commence on the Tuesday following 
 the fourth Monday 'in November. The Honours Examination takes 
 place on Tuesday in the week following the Pass Examination. 
 
 If, in the opinion of the Examiners, sufficient merit be evinced, the 
 Candidate who shall distinguish himself the most shall receive ^^50 per 
 annum for the next two years, with the style of University Scholar in 
 Surgery. Under the same circumstances, the First and Second Candi- 
 dates shall each receive a Gold Medal of the value of ;£s. 
 
 The Examination for the Degree of Master in Surgery shall take place 
 once in each year, and shall commence on the fourth Monday in 
 November. 
 
 If, in the opinion of the Examiners, sufficient merit be evinced, the 
 Candidate who shall distinguish himself the most shall receive a Gold 
 Medal of the value of £,20. 
 
 The Examination for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine shall take 
 place once in each year, commencing on the fourth Monday in 
 November. Particulars of the necessary Certificates, and of the Subjects 
 of Examination, may be procured from the Registrar. 
 
 Fees. — First M.B: Examination, ;^5 ; Second M.B., ;^s ; Bachelor of Surgery, 
 ;^5 ; Master in Surgery, £'■, ; Doctor in Medicine, £,%. The latter Fee will be ^\o to 
 all such as, having taken their M.B. Degree under the former Regulations, shall not 
 have paid the Fee of £^ at the Preliminary Scientific Examination. 
 
 Certificates of all Degrees, whether in Arts, Science, Laws, or 
 Medicine, under Seal of the University, and signed by the Chan- 
 cellor, shall be delivered at the Public Presentation for Degrees to 
 each Candidate who has passed. 
 
 Provincial Examinations for Matriculation, and for the Degrees of 
 B.A. and B.Sc, are carried on simultaneously with the Examinations in 
 London, under the supervision of Sub-Examiners appointed by the 
 Senate. The Answers of the Candidates at the Provincial Examina- 
 tions are reviewed by the Examiners at the same time with the Answers 
 of the Candidates examined in London ; and a List of the Candidates 
 who have passed at each Provincial Examination is published, at the 
 
112 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 time fixed by the Regulations, at the place where such Examination has 
 been held. The Regulations respecting the transmission of Certificates 
 to the Registrar, the Fees payable to the University, the times and the 
 mode of conducting the Examinations, and the arrangement of the 
 Candidates after Examination, are the same for all Candidates. 
 
 Examinations for Women, — For particulars of these Examinations, 
 which are held annually in May, see Part II. 
 
 All Communications must be addressed " To the Registrar of the 
 University of London, Burlington Gardens, W." 
 
 University College, London. Founded 1826. Incorporated 
 1836-9. — To afford at a moderate expense the means of education in 
 Literature, Science, and the Fine Arts, and in the knowledge required 
 for admission to the Medical and Legal Professions, and in particular 
 for so affording the means of obtaining the education required for the 
 purpose of taking the Degrees now or hereafter granted by the Univer- 
 sity OF London. There are three Faculties, i. Arts and Laws ; 
 2. Science ; 3. Medicine. The Session is divided into three Terms : — 
 Michaelmas, Lent, and Summer. 
 
 The College is close to the Gower Street Station of the Metropolitan 
 Railway, and only a few minutes' walk from the Termini of the Great 
 Northern, Midland, and North-Western Railways, and is therefore easily 
 accessible by Students residing in the Metropolitan Suburbs. For the 
 convenience of Students residing beyoiid moderate distances, a Register 
 of persons who receive Boarders into their families is kept in the Ofl5ce 
 of the College ; among these are some of the Professors and several 
 Medical Gentlemen. The Register affords information as to terms and 
 other particulars. A Steward is appointed to provide breakfasts, dinners, 
 and other refreshments for the Students, at fixed prices. 
 
 General Advantages. — The Library contains between 60,000 and 
 70,000 Volumes, and upwards of 15,000 Pamphlets. It is divided into 
 the General and the Medical. Each of these departments is well 
 supplied, especially with works adapted for the use of Students in their 
 progress through the courses of instruction in the College. The Secre- 
 tary is authorised by the Council to admit gentlemen, not Students of 
 the College, to study in the General Library, on their forwarding to him 
 satisfactory references and recommendations. Students have the privi- 
 lege of borrowing books from the Library under certain conditions. 
 There is a Museum of Philosophical Apparatus, containing a coliection 
 of instruments and models illustrative of Mechanics, Acoustics, Optics, 
 Electricity, Magnetism, and Astronomy. A Museum of Geology and 
 Mineralogy, containing a collection of specimens of rocks, fossils, 
 organic remains, and metallic ores. A Museum of Anatomy, containing 
 the valuable series of specimens of surgical disease, collected by the 
 late Sir Charles Bell ; a portion of the Pathological Collection of the 
 late Sir Charles Liston ; portfolios of Pathological drawings ; anatomical 
 preparations, and wax models. The Museum of Materia Medica and 
 Chemistry contains a large number of choice specimens illustrative of 
 those departments of science. The Museum of Comparative Anatomy 
 contains valuable collections of various orders of the animal kingdom. 
 The Birkbeck Laboratory is fitted for practical instruction in Organic 
 and General Chemistry, and in the principles of Chemical research 
 
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. 
 
 "3 
 
 applied to the Manufacturing Arts. The Drawing School contains a 
 collection of Models and Casts adapted for purposes of instruction. 
 The Flaxman Gallery, and the various Memorial Portraits and Busts, 
 comprise a valuable collection of works of Art. There are also 
 College Societies for the reunion of Students, including a Medical 
 Society, a Debating Society, a Reading-room Society, a Musical Society, 
 and a Literary and Philosophical Society. 
 
 The Rev. James Yates, of Highgate, has left a valuable reversion to 
 the College, the income to be applied to the Professorship of Mine- 
 ralogy and Geology, or the endowment of a Professorship ; a portion for 
 founding a new Professorship of Archseology ; and all his books on 
 mineralogy and geology, with specimens, together with his collection of 
 ancient coins and other antiquities. A Scholarship fcr Art Students is 
 in contemplation as a memorial to the late Mr. Goodall. 
 
 Faculty of Arts and Laws. — There is an unrestricted admission 
 of Students, without previous Examination. There is at the end of each 
 session an Examination in every class by printed questions, to which 
 written answers are to be given. From these answers it is determined 
 to whom Prizes and Certificates of Honour shall be awarded. There will 
 also be such other Examinations as the several Professors may judge to 
 be necessary for ascertaining the progress of the Pupils. No Student is 
 entitled to compete for a Prize or Certificate in any class, except that 
 of Analytical Chemistry, which he has not attended throughout the 
 entire sessional course ; or for any Prize which he may have previously 
 obtained. 
 
 In connection with this Faculty there are three Prizes, of ;£'20 each, 
 for New Students, awarded annually upon Examination : one for Classics ; 
 one for any two of the three subjects, Mathematics, Physics, and 
 Chemistry ; and one for English, together with Larin or Greek, and 
 either French, German, or Italian. The competition is limited to those 
 who have not previously been Students of the College. The Examina- 
 tions usually take place in the latter part of September, and Candi- 
 dates must send written notice of their intention to compete, stating in 
 what subjects they intend to present themselves for Examination, and 
 with certificates of age and good conduct, to the Secretary, on or before 
 the 1 8th of September. At the close of each Session, two Prizes of 
 ;£'3o, and one of ;^2o, are awarded to those first-year Students who may 
 be recommended to the Council by the Faculties as having distinguished 
 themselves most by their answers at the Sessional Examinations of the 
 Classes, and by their good conduct. And also at the close of each 
 Session, one Prize of ;£so, and one of £,ip, are awarded to second-year 
 Students, under similar conditions. There are Andrews Prizes open to 
 the competition of Students either of the Faculty of Arts and Laws, or 
 of the Faculty of Science, who were not more than eighteen years of 
 age on the ist of October in the year in which they entered the College 
 Classes. A Jews' Commemoration Scholarship, of ^£15 a year, tenable 
 for two years, is also awarded yearly, upon similar conditions, for general 
 proficiency and good conduct. There are also Hume Scholarships, for 
 Jurisprudence and Political Economy, ^£20 a year each, for three years ; 
 and a Ricardo Scholarship, of ;^2o a year for three years, competed 
 for triennially. There will be Competitions for vacant Scholarships in 
 November, 1872 and 1873. In the Department of Fine Arts there are 
 
114 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 six Scholarships, each of ;^5o per annum, tenable for three years, 
 founded by the late Mr. Felix Slade, for proficiency in Drawing, 
 Painting, and Sculpture. 
 
 Fees. — In the Faculty of Arts and Laws there is no prescribed Curriculum, 
 Students being allowed to select the Classes which they may wish to attend, without 
 restriction. Hence it is impossible to make any general statement of the annual 
 amount of Fees payable by each Student, since that amount varies according to indi- 
 vidual requirements. The Sessional Fees for some of the principal Classes are as 
 follows : — Pure Mathematics, ;(f lo los. ; Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, £?> 8s. ; - 
 Physics, £%, 8s. ; Latin, £•} ys. ; Greek, £() gs. ; English (for one Lecture per week), 
 £2 I2S. 6d. ; French and German, £6 6s. each ; Italian, £2 12s. 6d. ; Chemistry, 
 ;^6 6.5. ; Philosophy of Mind and Logic, ^f 6 6s. ; Architecture, ;^i i lis.; Drawing, 
 Painting, and Sculpture (full courses of instruction), £y Js. per Term, or 21 Guineas 
 per Session. 
 
 Faculty of Science. — This Faculty has been instituted to bring into 
 full light the actual extent of the Scientific teaching in University 
 College, and to meet, consistently with sound educational principles, the 
 growing demand for instruction in Science. In University College itself 
 the number of Students seeking a broad scientific training or pursuing 
 special scientific studies has gone on steadily increasing ; while in .the 
 University of London and elsewhere, Degrees in Science, both general 
 and special, have been conferred for some years past. The importance, 
 also, of Science as a preparation for industrial pursuits is now generally 
 acknowledged, as appears in the efforts that have been made of late 
 years to supply scientific instruction in so-called technical schools. The 
 main principle represented by the new Faculty is, that Science should 
 first of all be cultivated for its own sake, and that even where there is a 
 practical object in view, a broad foundation should be laid of general 
 scientific training. It is believed that the habits of thought thus 
 engendered are the first conditions of all true advance, either in scientific 
 discovery or in practical invention. A second principle is, that the 
 pursuit of Science should not be divorced from literary culture ; and 
 this the Faculty, from its position in University College, is specially 
 enabled to uphold. As regards the interpretation of the word Science, 
 it is taken in no narrow sense. Certain subjects are included which 
 lie out of the sphere of Natural Science, as commonly understood, but 
 none that do not admit of a strictly scientific treatment. 
 
 In connection with the Faculty of Science, the Department of Civil 
 and Mechanical Engineering occupies a prominent place, and a 
 General Certificate of Engineering is granted to those who pass the 
 Examinations. The course of instruction in this Department is not 
 intended to supersede the necessity of the Engineering Student serving 
 a pupilage on the works of the Civil or Mechanical Engineer, as it is 
 only from them that he can obtain a thorough knowledge of the practical 
 details of construction ; but it is designed to teach him the theoretical 
 principles of his profession, together with those habits of thought and 
 observation without which he will not be able to take full advantage 
 of the practice that will come before him during his term of pupilage. 
 The complete Course extends over three Sessions, and embraces the 
 following subjects : — Mathematics, Pure and Applied ; Apphed Me- 
 chanics ; Physics ; Physical Laboratory : Chemistry ; Practical Che- 
 mistry; Civil and Mechanical Engineering; Mechanical Drawing and 
 Designing; Surveying and Levelling; and Geology. Students are at 
 
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. 
 
 liberty to take any one or more Classes, but only those who have 
 gone through the complete Course will be eligible for the Engineering 
 Certificate. 
 
 SUMMARY OF FEES IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING. 
 
 Mathematics . 
 
 „ Applied 
 
 Applied Mechanics . 
 Physios 
 
 Physical Laboratory 
 Chemistry 
 Practical Chemistry 
 Civil and Mechanical Engii 
 Mechanical Drawing 
 Surveying and Levelling 
 Geology 
 
 neenng 
 
 Term. 
 
 £ s. d 
 
 4 4 
 
 3 3 
 
 3 3 
 
 3 3 
 
 3 3 
 
 Session. 
 
 £ s. d 
 
 lO 10 
 
 8 8 
 8 8 
 
 440 
 2 12 6 
 2 12 6 
 440 
 
 FEES FOR THE ENTIRE COURSE OF SCIENCE INSTRUCTION. 
 
 & S. d. 
 First Year . . . 42 o o 
 Second Year . . 39 18 o 
 
 Third Year . . . 39 18 o 
 
 Faculty of Meijicine. — In connection with this Faculty three 
 Entrance Exhibitions, of the respective values of ^^30, ;^2o, and j[,\<:> 
 per annum, tenable for two years, are annually awarded upon Examina- 
 tion, by written papers, to gentlemen who are about to commence their 
 first winter's attendance in a Medical School. The subjects of the 
 Examination are — Classics, Elementary Mathematics, Natural Philo- 
 sophy, and either French or German, at the option of the Candidate. 
 The Examination takes place annually, at the close of September, and 
 notice of intention to compete, with a statement of the modem language 
 in which the Candidate wishes to be Examined, must be forwarded to 
 the Secretary not later than the 24th of the month. There is an 
 Atkinson-Morley Scholarship of ;^4S yearly, for three years, awarded 
 annually for the greatest proficiency in the Theory and Practice of 
 Surgery. A Filiter Exhibition, of ;£^30, awarded annually, in July, for 
 the encouragement of proficiency in Pathological Anatomy. Fellowis 
 Clinical Medals, of Gold and Silver, with Certificates of Honour, 
 awarded at the end of each Winter and Summer Session to Pupils who 
 shall most have distinguished themselves by reports and observations 
 on Medical Hospital Cases. The Listen Gold Medal, with Certificate 
 of Honour, awarded at the end of the Session for distinction in reports 
 and observations on Hospital Surgical Cases. The Alexander Bruce 
 Gold Medal, for proficiency in Pathology and Surgery. And Gold and 
 Silver Medals, or other Prizes, as well as Certificates of Honour, are 
 awarded, after Competitive Examinations, to those Students who most 
 distinguish themselves in particular branches of study in the College or 
 Hospital. Hospital practice is pursued at the University College 
 Hospital, and the following Offices are tenable by the Medical 
 Students of the College : — Physicians' Assistants, House Surgeons, 
 Midwifery Assistants, Physicians' Clerks, Surgeons' Dressers, Ophthalmic 
 Surgeons' Assistants, and Ward Clerks are selected from among the 
 Pupils, who are also Students of the College and of unexceptionable 
 moral character, without additional Fees. The Physicians' Assistants, 
 
Ii6 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 the Obstetric Assistant, and the House Surgeons reside in the Hospital, 
 paying for their board. 
 
 Fees for the entire Course of attendance in College and Hospital 
 
 prescribed for the License of the College of Physicians, for the Diploma of the 
 
 College of Surgeons, and for the License of the Society of Apothecaries, £,\oa, 14s. 
 
 This sum may either be paid at once, or distributed in payment over three years, as 
 
 follows : — 
 
 1ST Winter Session : — £, ^■ 
 
 Anatomy and Physiology .... 9 9 P («.«. Perpetual.) 
 
 Anatomy, with Dissections . . . . 10 ro P 
 
 Chemistry 6 6 
 
 Hospital 10 o=£,lt £ 
 
 1ST Summer Session: — 
 
 Materia Medica 44 
 
 Practical Chemistry 44 
 
 Botany 3 3 =;fll " , , 
 
 Total, First Year .... ;f47 16 o 
 
 2ND "Winter Session : — 
 
 Practical Physiology 6 6 
 
 Surgery 0^6 6s. P.) 5 5^ 
 
 Medicine 9 9 P 
 
 Hospital 10 o=;f3l o 
 
 2ND Summer Session : — 
 
 Midwifery 4 ^ 
 
 Medical Jurisprudence 3 3 = ;f 7 7 
 
 Total, Second Year . . . ;^38 7 o 
 
 3RD Winter Session : — 
 
 Practical Surgery 44 
 
 Hospital (exch. Perpetual) . . . . 7 0=^11 4 
 
 3RD Summer Session : — 
 
 Pathological Anatomy 44 
 
 Pharmacy 3 3 = ;^7 7 
 
 Total, Third Year .... ;^i8 11 o 
 Total for Three Years . . . ;^I04 14 o 
 
 Evening Classes. — The object of these Classes is to extend the bene- 
 fits of College Tuition, especially to gentlemen engaged elsewhere during 
 the day, and to provide instruction in subjects not ordinarily taught in the 
 College Classes. Lectures are delivered upon Latin, Greek, Hebrew, 
 English Language, French Language and I^iterature, Italian, German, 
 English History, Physics, Mineralogy and Geology, Mathematics, Ele- 
 mentary, Theoretical, and Practical Chemistry, Drawing, General and 
 Official Writing, with a view to the Civil Service, Book-keeping, and 
 Phonetics. The Fees are ordinarily ;£i is. for the Term, or;!^2 12s. 6d. 
 for the Session of three Terms. In the Study of Languages and Litera- 
 ture there are usually Senior and Junior Classes. There are no 
 Fees except those payable for the several Classes. There are also 
 special Lectures delivered to Ladies, for which see Part II. For the 
 Sessional arrangements, apply for Programmes to the Secretary at the 
 College. Secretary, John Robson, Esq., B.A. 
 
 THE RIGHT REV. DR. TEMPLE UPON THE FACULTIES 
 OF ARTS AND LAWS, AND OF SCIENCE. 
 
 The following is an abridgment of a speech by the Right Rev. Dr. 
 Temple, Lord Bishop of Exeter, delivered at a recent Prize Distribution 
 in University College : — 
 
 You have been studying what are commonly called ' ■ Arts," and some of you have 
 made such proficiency in these studies as to obtain the prizes that have been here 
 
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. 117 
 
 given. And this word " Arts " has long been used to signify that sort of study which 
 is not intended to prepare any one for a particular employment or profession, but to 
 malce a man truly a man by cultivating all his faculties, by giving him the command 
 of his whole intellect, by training and disciplining his mind ; in fact, as it were, 
 making him what his nature intended him to be, and so fitting him to go forward 
 afterwards, and, whatever profession he may choose, to study it with the advantages 
 that belong to thorough previous training and discipline. This is what is understood 
 by the study of Arts ; and this College has, I think, done very wisely in making the 
 study of Arts cover so wide a field, a much wider field than was tiiought wise not 
 very long ago. It was, no doubt, when it was first begun, a bold experiment, and 
 there were not a few wlio were ready to say that the experiment must fail. The suc- 
 cess of this College, and of the University to which it is attached, is a sufficient 
 answer now to all that can be said on that score ; but it is well worth our while to 
 consider for a moment what is the value of these different studies, and why it is that 
 there should be something gained by making the range of them so wide. And you 
 will observe that I am to speak of them as parts of what we call Arts, that is, as 
 developing and cultivating the whole human nature, and I am not, therefore, to con- 
 sider thera in as far as they prepare for particular occupations, because every study 
 may be used in two different ways. You may use it to discipline the mind of the 
 student, and you may use it also to supply him with tools for whatever occupation he 
 is going afterwards to engage in. And generally speaking, when a man is studying 
 for some particular profession, facility in the use of what I may call the intellectual 
 tools of that profession becomes of such paramount importance that he is obliged, 
 very often indeed, to set aside in comparison with that all consideration of what the 
 studies may do for his own mind. He is obliged to consider, not whether the study 
 will cultivate himself, but whether it will make him a better lawyer, abetter physician, 
 a better soldier, a better sailor, a better architect, a better engineer, or the hke. But 
 when we are thinking of the study of Arts, we may put the use of studies as supplying 
 the man with intellectual tools quite into the second place, and we may think chiefly 
 of what the study will do in making a man really what he was intended by his Maker 
 to be. And so, then, these studies which are included under this wide range will 
 have one chief aim common to them all ; that is, all through them there ought to run 
 the discipline which is obtained by following scientific method. This, the scientific 
 method and the discipline which the mind is to get from it, is as much — ought as 
 much — to be found in the study of mathematics, in the study of natural science, in 
 the study of classics, in the study of philosophy and literature — ought as much to be 
 found in each one of these studies as in the other ; and each study, in its turn, will 
 illustrate this scientific method from different sides — will show you different forms of 
 it, and will therefore have advantages of its own, and for the same reason also will 
 have disadvantages of its own. 
 
 Now if I take the leading divisions of these studies, and speak first of the study of 
 mathematics, it is of course a trite thing to say that by the study of mathematics the 
 mind obtains a sense of the importance of clear definitions and clear postulates and 
 impregnable reasoning, such as cannot be obtained from any other study that we can 
 possibly pursue. And you will see, generally speaking, the effect of this study upon 
 those who have followed it, showing itself in their after life. You will generally find 
 this, at any rate, especially marking the man who has been mathematically trained, 
 that he always endeavours to see clearly what he is saying, and that he shows a 
 remarkable desire to keep to the point, and an impatience — sometimes a downright 
 dislike — of everything that is irrelevant matter ; and this desire for perfect clearness and 
 relevancy is unquestionably a most valuable acquisition. Generally speaking, if you 
 meet with a mathematician and enter into any kind of argument with him, you have 
 no reason to complain that he will wander ; you have no reason to complain that he 
 will use many words when a few will do ; but yet, for all that, the study of mathe- 
 matics taken by itself has its own deficiencies. The study of mathematics, in the first 
 place, has the great deficiency that whilst it touches the intellect, it never touches the 
 moral side of the nature at all. A man who is a mathematician and nothing else is 
 tempted to be cold and narrow in his sympathies ; he has not a wide range of contact 
 with human nature ; he is very often narrow-minded, because all that he knows of 
 other men is simply derived from his own personal experience, and that pereonal 
 experience has not been enriched by the study of histoiy or of biography. But that is 
 not the only fault, the only deficiency, in this study of mathematics if we pursue it 
 exclusively ; there is, besides, a constant tendency in the mathematician, inasmuch as 
 he has been always accustomed to reason from clear postulates and clear definitions, 
 and to follow out the consequences of these with unassailable logic — there is alw ays a 
 
ii§ SOJVS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 tendency in him to dislike turning round and facing the other way. He is not trained 
 in the examination of those postulates with which he starts. He consequently, when 
 he comes to ordinary life (and I have often seen it and remarked it), is tempted, in 
 Order to save himself the trouble of investigating his principles, to assume his prin- 
 ciples in some way or other, and then to spend the whole force of his mind in simple 
 reasoning from them. He assumes his principles, sometimes taking them from 
 authority, sometimes taking them simply from that which has been most often repeated 
 to his own ears until he fancies that it is axiomatic. He finds himself so accustomed 
 to reason forwards, that he has great difficulty in reasoning backwards. And again 
 that is not all. He finds further still, when he goes into life, that this rigid reasoning 
 to which he is accustomed in his favourite science is no longer possible — that by fer 
 the largest part of life has to be guided simply by probabilities, where all that he can 
 do is to balance the arguments for and against, and to decide which of the two pre- 
 ponderate. JXoreover, he has been accustomed always, when he has come to a con- 
 clusion, to look upon that conclusion as something absolutely fixed and settled, which 
 nothing afterwards can overthrow ; and he will find in ordinary life that, generally 
 speaking, even when he has come to the best conclusion that is possible, he is stiU 
 bound to remember that all this is only probability, and that it may well happen that 
 further knowledge shall upset that conclusion altogether, and that by-and-by what 
 he has now taken as the best guide that he can find will have to be entirely given up, 
 possibly the directly opposite opinion substituted. For these reasons mathematics,' 
 taken by themselves, while the discipline which they give is undeniably of the highest 
 value, yet, if we are to think of them as the exclusive training of the mind, plainly 
 will not suffice for the purpose. It is true enough that here and there we find mathe- 
 maticians who have never studied, so to say, anything but mathematics, but who, 
 being by their very nature kings in the realm of intellect, have within themselves so 
 much richness of understanding that their own genius seems to supply them with that 
 which other men seek in study ; and, of course, such men may seem to contradict 
 what I have been saying; but in reality they are only exceptions; and if you are 
 thinking of average men, it is certainly true that for the great mass the exclusive study 
 of mathematics alone must fail as a complete discipline of the human understanding. 
 
 Let me go to another great branch of human study, the study, that is, of external 
 nature, what we commonly call natural science. Here we shall find a new set of 
 faculties of the understanding called into play — keen observation, the power of rapid 
 combination, the power of reasoning from cause to effect and from effect to cause in 
 all its various forms, and all the different logical processes which fall under this great 
 head, namely, the great head of reasoning about causes and effects. All this again is 
 certainly a most admirable discipline, and though in some respects it may fall short 
 of the discipline of mathematics, yet in other respects it surpasses the latter. It falls 
 short of the discipline of mathematics because you cannot always have the same rigid 
 demonstration ; you are obliged very often to content yourself with probable hypo- 
 theses, and to reason upon these hypotheses, to argue from them, to track them up 
 to their consequences, and then, perhaps, when they have done their worlc, to set 
 them aside. And in doing all this you are perpetually obliged to reason not by the 
 law of demonstration, but by the law of probability. But while this study may fall 
 short of mathematics as a discipline of the mind, yet it has the immense advantage 
 that it is far more like human life ; it touches a much larger pai-t of our common human 
 nature. But not only does it touch a much larger part of the understanding, and so 
 far is in itself something wider and fuller, but it engages very many more of our 
 human sympathies. We cannot study nature without being touched by the beauty of 
 nature, by the wonderful richness and order of nature. We cannot help constantly 
 being struck by the sense of its vastness and of the wonderful laws that penetrate 
 through its vast extent. And thus other feelings are kindled within us — feelings of 
 admiration, feelings of awe, feelings certainly of greater desire to know — what w? 
 may call philosophical curiosity in the highest sense of the word. And so it has been 
 remarked that almost invariably the student of natural science, apparently by the 
 mere result of his study, is a cultivated man, It is possible for a man to be a great 
 mathematician, and yet to be plainly very uncultivated as a man ; but it is very rare 
 indeed that you see such a result in the student of external nature ; and therefore this 
 study must rank by the side of the other, and must hold a place in no whit inferior. 
 And yet, we may well ask, what is the reason that this study still hangs back ? and 
 why is it that in so many of our great schools there is such difficulty in introducing 
 these studies and in carrying them forward ? The answer, the first answer tliat I 
 must give, is one that very likely may surprise those who are masters of this science : 
 it is because in so very many instances, and to so very large a degree, those who are 
 
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. tig 
 
 endeavouring to promote the study of natural science as a part of education have 
 made the great mistake of omitting altogether that which is essential to a true study, 
 namely, the scientific iriethod. The real reason why men who have deeply studied 
 education, and might be supposed, therefore, to know what it was that was wanted for 
 that purpose, have yet been so slow to acknowledge the claims of natural science, is 
 that they have found that where it has been proposed to introduce natural science, 
 it has been proposed to introduce it by means which altogether neglected what 
 is essential in all true study — that the study should have a scientific method. I 
 have repeated this twice over, because it is of importance that it should be clearly 
 seen and understood. This study is often spoken of as if you could teach people 
 science simply by asking them to listen to lectures and take notes in their note- 
 books, and then go away and study those notes, or perhaps, what might be a little 
 better, by setting before them a few experiments in which what is starring is sought 
 to be shown rather than what really iUustrates the subject, instead of requiring that 
 the students should themselves handle the very things which are the materials of 
 study, should see with their own eyes, should feel with their own fingers. Too often 
 it has been attempted to promote the study of natural science with no recollection of 
 this important requirement ; and those who have seen natural science taught in such a 
 way naturally enough turn round and say, " This is not education at all." The fact 
 is, they might go further and say, " 'this is not science at all." There is in reality a 
 fallacy here ; because people constantly talk as if the study of that matter which is the 
 subject of natural science was in itself a scientific study, whereas the fact is that if 
 you study external nature not after a scientific method, you are not studying science 
 at all. This is one reason which has certainly stood in the way of the promotion of 
 this study of natural science, and which vrill stand in the way for some time, because 
 in order to make the study of natural science general, it is necessary that you should 
 have men who are really capable of teaching it, and such men cannot be obtained in 
 a day nor in a year ; and it will require time before you can get a sufficient body of 
 teachers to give such instruction as is wanted in a subject like this. But I have no 
 doubt that as time goes on, and when it is better understood what is meant by the 
 study of natural science, natural science, little by little, will win its place amongst the 
 other studies. It will win its true place in two ways. In the first place, it will be 
 acknowledged with honour by those who have the charge of education ; but, in the 
 second place, it wUl do what in many cases it has not yet done — ^will shake off all 
 those sluggards who too often betake themselves to such a study, simply because it 
 seems to them to be easy ; not knowing the fact that it is easy just in proportion to 
 the want of true scientific method, and that when once it becomes a real science it 
 will be as hard, and therefore as valuable, as any other study that you can name. 
 But I welcome the progress of natural science as a part of education, although I know 
 that progress will not only be, but ought to be, slow. I welcome it not only for its 
 own sake, but also for the certain action that it will have upon other studies. 
 
 I go on, finally, to that branch of Arts which, till a very little while ago, almost 
 usurped the name of the whole, namely, the study of Literature and of the Classics. 
 And you must let me point out to you that in reality the study of literature and of the 
 classics is, philosophically, a branch of the science of nature. You have here certain 
 phenomena belonging to the creature man : these phenomena are the forms in which 
 at various times he has been accustomed to express his emotions and his thoughts. 
 And the study of these phenomena is plainly enough in its own nature akin, nay, 
 more than akin, to the study of what are commonly called the phenomena of natural 
 science ; and the study follows the same laws, and, moreover, to a great degree, it 
 exercises the same faculties. When you study a language, you have to exercise the 
 same keen obseiTation even of minute details ; you have to exercise the same faculty 
 of combination ; and you have to. apply laws of various kinds for the solution of pro- 
 blems of the same character as those which are presented to the student of natural 
 science. You are studying, for instance, we will say. Chemistry. You have in your 
 hands a certain mixture which you are to examine ; you apply to it various tests, you 
 apply to it the varipus laws of Chemistry, and by that application you succeed at last 
 in analysing the mixtmi iijto different Gomponent parts, so that you can say, " Her§ 
 I have so rouph of this substance, and sp mueh of the other sijbstancg, and so much 
 of another," Now prsoisely the same thing is done when you put before a student a 
 Latin sentence which he has never yet seen, and desire him to make out what it 
 means, He, too, has to Ipok at it, to apply to each word jn it the tests which have 
 been supplied to him by the masters of the science. He has to apply to it the 
 grammatical laws which he already knows from the study of the science, and he ends 
 in precisely the same way with saying, "This sentence contains so many words; they 
 
120 SOJ^S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 are nouns, they are verbs, they are prepositions, and the like ; and they are bound 
 together by such and such laws,. and the whole means so and so." And the process 
 of mind which is going on is in reality exceedingly parallel in the two cases ; and the 
 true teacher of classics, or of languages of whatever kind, is in fact using the same 
 rules ; he is putting his pupils through the same kind of training as the Professor of 
 natural science in whatever branch it niay be. Observe, further, that the great exertion 
 of the mind in all scientific method is to be found in discovery ; but of course it would 
 be simply absurd to say that every student in every branch of human knowledge is lo 
 find out for himself, is to rediscover all that has been already discovered by the 
 researches of all the men who have previously studied the same subject. What you 
 require of the student is not anything like that ; but what you require of him is always 
 this, that he shall track the discoverer step by step, that he shall find in the facts that 
 are in his hands and before his eyes the confirmation of the discovery, so that he may 
 say, "Although you showed it me, yet now I see it for myself." And all the tiine 
 the true teacher will still require the student, although it would be absurd to ask him 
 to make what we should call discoveries, that is, to find out what has never been 
 found out before — yet to use, in his own small degree, the discovering faculty, to 
 make steps by the use of his own intellect, to answer questions, not in the words put 
 into his own mouth by another, but by the use of his own understanding from the 
 data that are given to him. In all scientific study that process goes on perpetually. 
 There is perpetually the following of the former teacher ; there is perpetually not only 
 the following of that teacher, but the confirmation of what he has taught by the 
 evidence of the facts put into your hands ; and there is perpetually the exercise of that 
 faculty by which, in its highest development, all discoveries have been made, but 
 which can be used even by those who have no pretence to be discoverers, and are 
 only students, in small problems, in making little steps, in making slight investigations, 
 but in all cases in using their intellects for themselves. Now this, I say, is precisely 
 what is done in the study of natural science, and it is precisely also what is done in 
 the study of languages by any student who is in the hands of a competent teacher. 
 The student, no doubt, has put into his hands the laws of grammar ; but as he goes 
 on, the teacher talces care that he shall find those laws of grammar proved by the 
 languages which he is studying. He has put into his hands, no doubt, critical obser- 
 vations of various kinds, remarks are made about the use of particular words ; but a 
 good teacher will always endeavour to enable the student to confirm those remarks 
 by his own personal study, and he will know that nothing is so mischievous as simply 
 to put into the student's mind that which he himself has previously obtained by study, 
 but which he does not^rove to those who are hstening to him. And I, for my part, 
 know, having been for many years a teacher myself, that that which most helps the 
 teacher in giving real instruction to the intellect of his hearers is the sort of healthy 
 scepticism which is perpetually asking to have each step proved, and which, whilst it 
 is willing, when told that it is advisable to do so, to give a temporary submission 
 to that which is laid down by authority, yet always distinguishes between what is 
 merely laid down by authority and that which is proved by evidence, and continues to 
 the end to require the evidence before it gives the full assent. This, let me tell you, 
 is what every true teacher desires to see, if he can, in the very faces of those whom he 
 is teaching ; it is this which makes him feel that he is really doing his work ; and it is 
 in this way that a teacher of classics, as of everything else, insists upon foEowing the 
 true scientific method, and makes the study of language a part of the great study of 
 the science of nature. 
 
 But you must allow me to go cm and to point out, before I finish, one disadvantage 
 under which the science of nature labours, in order that I may finish what I have to 
 say about that before going on with what I have to say about languages. There is 
 still about the study of external nature this necessaiy defect, that a constant turning of 
 the mind to external nature has undeniably a tendency to make the man believe that 
 the whole of existence is outside him, to make him blind to the fact that there is a 
 whole world within himself, that lie has there an insight into that which his bodily 
 eyes cannot see — an insight into the world of spirits. There is unquestionably a 
 tendency in a man who studies nature, and studies nothing else, to believe that 
 nature, external nature, is everything ; and you may certainly see traces every now 
 and then, in those who have made that their exclusive study, of a kind of inability to 
 admit a knowledge which is based upon the observation of a man's own soul and 
 conscience. It is impossible, of course, for them to deny such knowledge altogether, 
 or they would cease to be men. Moreover, many of them are men of so lofty a 
 character (and certainly study of any sort, if it is pursued with true devotion, always 
 tends to elevate the moral character in a very high degree), — I say that many such 
 
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. 121 
 
 men are of so lofty a character that their nature, as it were, supplements the deficiency 
 of their study, and you cannot see in them any traces of the want that you sometimes 
 see in others. Still there is the want, and there, on the other hand, is the strong side 
 of the study of language and of literature ; this latter brings you into contact with a 
 much larger part of human nature ; it teaches you not only what things are, but what 
 men are ; it awakens within you emotions that you would not have had, perhaps, if it 
 were not for that study, or certainly would not feel with the same power. A man 
 who studies a great poet— still more, as it seems to me, a man who studies a great 
 man's life — does find that there are called out from within his soul moral forces whose 
 existence he would hardly have expected if it were not for that study ; and though it 
 is true that all thi.-, which is a part of our nature, of necessity receives such a great 
 development by the mere contact which we have with one anoAer in the intercourse 
 of ordinary life, that it is quite possible to dispense with that further study of it that 
 comes from literature, yet still from literature we get it in its highest and in its purest 
 form ; and it is certain that men who have studied the writings of great men have 
 found within thepiselves something which they would not have suspected without that 
 study. This it is which is the advantage of this third branch of human study. 
 
 But, lastly, I want to say something more about the advantage which attends all true 
 study, and about the process which a man goes through if he is to be thoroughly 
 educated. That which educates a man above everything else, as it seems to me, is 
 contact with minds greater than his own. That it is which makes it worth while for 
 the student not merely to study in books, but to study under the eye and to listen to 
 the voice of the living teacher. That it is which makes such a College as this of real 
 value, which makes it of value that men should have Professors of high cultivation to 
 lead them forward. And this contact of mind with mind, which certainly does so 
 very much for us, is assuredly more truly to be obtained in the study of literature than 
 in any other study. In studying mathematics you do not, of necessity, see much of 
 the mathematician ; in studying natural science you do not, of necessity, see much of 
 the great discoverer who has led you ; but in studying literature you are compelled to 
 put your mind into as close contact as it will go with the great authors who have in- 
 spired the world ; and hence it will be that whatever other studies may hold a high place 
 in the education of this or of any other country, you may be quite certain that to the 
 last the study of literature wiU also hold its own, and while those other studies will 
 rank, and will rightly rank, high by the side of it, that study will still not be depre- 
 ciated the more it is known and the better it is understood. Nay rather, I feel confident 
 that the introduction of new studies, and particularly of the study of natural science, 
 will so act, as it is already acting, on the methods of the study of literature, that 
 literature itself will become a great deal more efficient as a study than it has been 
 hitherto ; that it will be deeper ; that it will be clearer ; that it will be more exact; 
 that the day will come when the teachers of literature, instead of feeling the slightest 
 jealousy of the teachers of natural science or of mathematics, will welcome them as 
 their best allies, and will acknowledge that to these kindred studies they owe a deep 
 debt — a deep debt which will continue to increase as long as study itself continues. 
 
 University College School. — Under the Government of 
 THE Council of University College. The School is situated close 
 to the Gower Street Station of the Metropolitan Railway, and only a 
 few minutes' walk from the termini of the North Western,' Midland, and 
 Great Northern Railways. It is, therefore, easily accessible by Pupils 
 residing in the Metropolitan suburbs. Railway season tickets are granted 
 at half price to Pupils attending the School. The School forms a dis- 
 tinct branch from the College, and Pupils are wholly secluded from 
 the Students. It is divided into Junior and Senior Departments. The 
 Junior School is for boys between the ages of seven and nine. They are 
 kept separate from the Pupils of the Upper School. Boys are admitted 
 to the Upper School at any age w-oAst fifteen if found competent to enter 
 the loM-est Class. In the case of boys above fourteen, a certificate of 
 character is required from their previous School or Tutor. A boy 
 admitted at the age of ten will, with ordinary industry, have gone regu- 
 larly through the entire Curriculum of the School by the end of the 
 
122 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Session in which he completes his sixteenth year, and ought then to be 
 quaUfied to pass the Matriculation Examination of the University of 
 London and to enter as a Student of the College. Accordingly, after 
 that age, boys are no longer retained in the School unless with the 
 express sanction of the Head Master. 
 
 The Course of Instruction includes Reading, Writing ; the Eng- 
 lish, Latin, Greek, French, and German Languages; Ancient and 
 English History ; Geography, Physical and Political; Elementary Astro- 
 nomy ; Arithmetic, Mensuration, and Book-keeping ; Mathematics, Pure 
 and Applied ; Theoretical and Practical Chemistry ; Experimental 
 Physics, Social Science, Drawing from the Flat. There are certain 
 Extra Subjects that will hereafter be named. Parents are allowed to 
 select the subjects in which their sons are to be instructed, as well sub- 
 sequently as at entry. It is essential, however, in the former case, that 
 their wishes should be made known before or at the banning of the 
 Session or Term when new Classes are formed. The Head Master 
 reserves the right of veto. 
 
 Exhibitions and Prizes. — Dividends arising from a Bequest of 
 £^2,ooo by Mr. Hollowayare appropriated to the payment of the School 
 Fees of meritorious boys requiring pecuniary aid for their education. 
 These Exhibitions are commonly granted by the Council for three Terms, 
 but are renewable for a like or less number of Terms, as often as the 
 Council see fit. The Cook Prize, consisting of Books of the value of 
 ;^S, is awarded annually to the greatest proficient in Pure and AppHed 
 Mathematics. 
 
 The Session consists of forty weeks, and is divided into three equal 
 Terms — the Michaelmas, Lent, and Summer Terms. The Vacations are 
 usually three weeks at Christmas, ten days at Easter, and seven weeks 
 in the Summer. On the afternoons of Wednesday and Saturday there 
 are half-holidays. The Monthly Report Day is a whole holiday. The 
 hours of attendance in the Upper School are from 9.30 to 3.45, with an 
 interval of one hour between 12.30 and 1.30 for refreshment and recrea- 
 tion. During the interval between morning and afternoon lessons, boys 
 remain on the School Premises. Passes are, however, granted where 
 the parent's house is near the School, and occasionally for other reasons, 
 submitted to and approved by the Head Master. Attached to the School 
 is a Play-ground of nearly two acres, containing a Gymnasium, Fives 
 Courts, and a covered space. It is open until dark in the Winter, and 
 until 5.30 in Summer. 
 
 Dinner is provided for those who wish it at One Shilling per head. 
 Refreshments served at the Luncheon Bar are priced in accordance 
 with a printed scale, of which copies can be had on application. The 
 Masters who preside in the Refreshment Rooms will gladly attend to 
 any special instructions on the part of parents. All articles sold at 
 the Bar must be paid for on delivery ; but Dinners are not to be paid 
 for until the accounts for them have been sent in, 
 
 The hours for receiving Parents of Pupils most convenient to the 
 Head Master are on Fridays between 11.30 and i, and at 3.45; on 
 Tuesdays and Thursdays at 12,30 and 3,45, For similar purposes, and 
 to receive Visitors who contemplate placing Pupils at the School, the 
 Vice-Master is at leisure every morning between 9,15 and 10.15. 
 
 The first day of each Term is set apart for the sole purpose of 
 
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. 123 
 
 receiving new Pupils, and of examining them with a view to classifica- 
 tion. The hours of attendance on this day are from 9.30 to 12. The 
 ordinary business of the School commences on the following morning. 
 
 Pupils are admitted, under certain conditions, at Half-term. The 
 Entrance Days are usually about the middle of September and of 
 January, and the commencement of May. 
 
 Fees.— TJie Fee for each Term is, for the Junior School, ^6 3s. 6d. ; for the 
 Upper School, £'j. These payments include ordinary stationery ; but Books, and 
 Drawing and Chemical Materials, are provided as required, and charged for accord- 
 ingly. For instruction in the L(rwer Division of the Drawing School, which compre- 
 hends the First and Second Classes, there is no extra charge ; but Pupils sufficiently 
 advanced to join the Upper Division pay a Fee of 55. per Term. The lessons in 
 Drawing are given on the Afternoons of Wednesday and Saturday. Pupils may 
 attend on both days, or on one only. There is also an extra "Writing Class on the 
 Wednesday afternoon for boys who require special attention in this subject. Fencing 
 and Gymnastics are taught during the hour of recreation, the former on Tuesday and 
 Thursday, the latter on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. The Fees are: for 
 Fencing;^! is. per Terra, for Gymnastics los. A Hebrew Class, taught by Professor 
 Marks, meets once a week. The Fee for the entire Session is £\ 4s. 
 
 At the end of each Term there is an Examination of all the Classes. 
 In accordance with the results of the Three Examinations, of which 
 the final one, at the close of the Session, is the most important, Prizes 
 and Commendations are awarded. A copy of the Honour List is 
 sent to each Parent. A boy is expected to give to the Home Prepara- 
 tion of his Lessons about two hours on an average every evening. 
 Where a much shorter or a much longer time is actually so bestowed, 
 parents are recommended to consult with the Head Master upon the 
 subject. 
 
 Junior Department. — Pupils are admitted between the ages of 
 seven and nine. These younger boys are kept separate from those of 
 the Upper School. They have a separate entrance from the Play- 
 ground, and their Lavatory and Offices are distinct. They have the 
 use of the large Play-ground, but the hours of recreation and dinner are 
 so arranged as to differ from those of the older boys. Discipline in 
 both Schools is maintained without corporal punishment. The extreme 
 penalty for misconduct is removal from the School. The general 
 arrangements as to vacations, half-holidays, days of entry, &c., apply to 
 both Schools. 
 
 The subjects taught are •• — English, treated in the simplest manner, 
 so as to secure good reading and correct spelling, together with the 
 cultivation of the memory by moderate exercise. Writing. Arithmetic. 
 Geography, beginning with the play-ground and school-rooms, then 
 taking the neighbourhood in its chief outlines, after this London gene- 
 rally with the suburbs, and eventually England, &c. Natural Objects, 
 treated practically, so as to develop habits of observation, &c. The 
 Rudiments of French. Drawing from the Flat, which may be learnt or 
 not at the option of the parents. The boys are divided for most 
 subjects into an Upper and a Lower Division. The instruction is so 
 aiTanged that one hour's preparation in the evening is, for the average 
 of boys, sufficient. 
 
 Luncheon or dinner, if required, is provided by the manager of the 
 College Refreshment-Room for boys whose friends may wish them to 
 remain at the School during the second hour of recreation, at an ex- 
 pense of not more than One Shilling each. Boarders are received by 
 
124 SOJVS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 several of the Masters, whose addresses may be obtained at the College. 
 The Fee for each Pupil per Term is ^6 3s. 6d., payable at the com- 
 mencement of each Term. Books provided for Pupils are charged. 
 Further particulars may be obtained by appUcation to the 
 
 Head Master, T. Hewitt Key, M.A., F.R.S. 
 
 WORDS OF ENCOURAGEMENT. 
 
 Not only in point of numbers are the masters and pupils to be congratulated ; I 
 am happy to say that the quality of the instruction you are receiving still maintains its 
 excellence. I have examined a list of the Honours which have been awarded, 
 within the year, to pupils of this School. It is actually too long to read. Amongst 
 other things it shows that your students still take high rank in the Matriculation 
 Examination of the University of London. The candidate who stood second out 
 of 500 this month was a pupil of your School. And I may tell you that he was beaten 
 only by one who gained, I believe, more marks than were ever before recorded at 
 these Matriculation Examinations. I also congratulate sincerely those to whom I 
 have this day presented prizes. It has been to me a source of great delight to do so ; 
 for, just as, in spring, the promise of mature fruit lends an increased charm to the 
 blossoming trees, so your first successful efforts here are raised in my estimation by 
 the promise they give of higher distinctions in the future. I have also a word of con- 
 gratulation and encouragement for those whose praiseworthy, efforts have not received 
 the same recognition to-day. I congratulate you on the possession of that generous 
 spirit which prompted the applause with which you greeted each successful companion. 
 I encourage you by the assurance that, after all, Examinations such as you have just 
 passed are not a perfect test of real merit. For to test real merit we ought, of course, 
 to distinguish between talents which are inborn, and with which you have nothing 
 whatever to do, and power which is acquired by diligence and perseverance. Now 
 this we cannot perfectly do. Therefore I say that those who have worked hard, but 
 have not received prizes, deseiTe the encouragement derivable from the assurance 
 that they will certainly meet their reward in another form — ^in the form, let us hope, of 
 a fuller, higher, and nobler life. And now let me say also a word to a third class, 
 probably the most numerous, and certainly the most audible part of my audience, — to 
 those of whom we are in the habit of saying that boys will be boys, and of forgetting, 
 as De Morgan used to tell us, that boys will be men. If we do not look to you 
 to maintain the reputation of University College School for ability, we do look to 
 you to maintain its moral tone, and its reputation for gentlemanly and courteous 
 behaviour. It is in your hands, remember, more than in all others, that this reputation 
 is left ; amongst the plucky things that you encourage and applaud, let perfect truth- 
 fulness and strict honovu-, under all circumstances, stand highest in your estimation. 
 Do this, and no great harm will ever ensue from your fun and frolic. And now 
 one more word of congratulation and one more piece of advice. I know I shall have 
 your sympathies here. I congratulate you all on the arrival of your holidays. 
 And I advise you — though my advice will not be needed — to forget your books and 
 take to your cricket-bats and balls with all your might. In place of pens seize yoiu: 
 fishing-rods ; and, instead of reading and calculating, turn to running and leaping and 
 swimming. In your sports, as well as in your studies, you have, rest assured, our 
 hearty good wishes and our entire approval. — Speech of the Chairman at a recent 
 School Prize Distribution. 
 
 King's College, London. Patron, Her Most Gracious Majesty 
 THE Queen. Principal, Rev. Alfred Barry, D.D. Adjoins Somerset 
 House, and is close to the Temple Station of the Metropolitan Railway. 
 The educational work of the College is arranged in six distinct, yet 
 closely-related Departments, viz. : — I. Theological. II. General Litera- 
 ture and Science — Classical Section and Modern Section. III. Applied 
 Sciences. IV. Medical. V. Evening Classes, comprising Classes of all 
 kinds, corresponding with those in the regular Departments. VI. School, 
 in three Divisions, Classical, Modern, and Lower. Occasional Students 
 are admitted to any one or more Classes. Matriculated Students are 
 required to produce a testimonial of good conduct from their last 
 
KING'S COLLEGE. 125 
 
 instructor, and to subscribe a declaration that they will conform to the 
 Rules of the College. Except in special cases, no one is admitted under 
 sixteen years of age. The Academical cap and gown are to be worn 
 within the precincts of the College, except in the Dissecting Room, 
 Laboratories, and Workshops. 
 
 Theological Department. — Provides a course of instruction for 
 those who propose to offer themselves as Candidates for Holy Orders. 
 The Course includes Dogmatic Theology, Exegesis of the New Testa- 
 ment, Ecclesiastical History, Pastoral and Liturgical Theology, Theory 
 and Practice of Vocal Church Music, Public Reading, Laws of Health 
 and Disease, and Mental Philosophy. The following are eligible as 
 Students of this Department : — 1. Persons already in Deacons' Orders, 
 desirous of preparing themselves as candidates for Priests' Orders ; and 
 Graduates of Arts of all British Universities. 2. Associates from the 
 General Literature and Science Departments of the College. 3. Persons 
 of the age of twenty'One who, after having been examined and reported 
 as eligible by the Principal, shall obtain the recommendation of a Bishop. 
 Candidates for admission must be twenty-one years of age. The best 
 times for admission are October and January of each year, and of these 
 the former is the more advantageous. The Course of Instruction (except 
 in the case of Graduates who may obtain their Certificate in Three Terms) 
 requires an attendance of Six Terms (two years), and the College Certifi- 
 cate, entitling Students to become Candidates for Holy Orders, will only 
 be given to those who have attended regularly and passed the prescribed 
 Examinations. The two Archbishops, and twenty-five Bishops, have 
 consented to admit as Candidates for Holy Orders those Students who 
 produce the College Certificate. 
 
 Fees. — For Associates of the College, ;^I0 los. For other Students, ^f 12 12s. 
 Entrance Fees, £^ Ss. 6d. Occasional Students at various Fees, from £1 Is. to 
 £H 4s. per Term, according to the subject of study. 
 
 Class for Candidates to this Department. — A Class is established to pre- 
 pare those who are not yet qualified for Examination. Instruction in the Latin 
 and Greek Languages. Fees. — -^8 8s. per Term, and £/^ 5s. 6d., the Entrance 
 Fees. 
 
 General Literature and Science. — This Department is in two 
 divisions, the Classical and the Modern. The Classical Division is 
 intended to prepare Students for the Universities, Holy Orders, the Law, 
 and other Professions, and for competition for appointments in the Civil 
 Service, at home, in India, or the Colonies. The Course of Instruction 
 comprises Divinity, Classics, Mathematics, English Grammar and Litera- 
 ture, Modern History, French, and German. 
 
 The Modern Division is intended to provide a system of liberal 
 education, including Divinity, English, Latin, Modern Languages, 
 Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and Free-hand Drawing, 
 and to prepare Students for the Military Examinations for admission to 
 Sandhurst and Woolwich, and for Direct Commissions. 
 
 Fees. — For Matriculated Students, ;f 12 12s. Entrance Fees, ;f 4 5s. 6d. Occa- 
 sional Students at various Fees, from;^i is. to £6 6s. per Term, according to the 
 subject of study. 
 
 Applied Sciences. — This Department provides a system of general 
 and practical education for those who are likely to be engaged in Com- 
 mercial or Agricultural Pursuits, or in Civil Engineering, Surveying, 
 
126 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Architecture, &c. The Course occupies three years, and forms an appro- 
 priate introduction to the higher instruction which can only be obtained 
 within the walls of a manufactory, or by taking part in the labours of a 
 surveyor, an engineer, or an architect. Students who have passed the 
 Prehminary Examination at Cooper's Hill College may prepare at 
 King's College, London, for their Final Examinations for Civil Engi- 
 neering appointments in India. The Course of Instruction includes 
 Divinity, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Practical Physics, Arts of 
 Construction, Manufacturing Art and Machinery, Surveying and Level- 
 ling, Drawing, Chemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, Photography, and 
 Laboratory and Workshop Practice. 
 
 Fees. — Matriculated Students (first six Terms) ^^14 per Term ; after sixth Term, 
 ;f 15. Together with £i\ 5s. 6d. Entrance Fees. Occasional Students from;^i lis. 6d. 
 to ^10 los. per Term, according to the subject of study. 
 
 Medical.— The Course of Instruction comprises the following Lec- 
 tures ; — Divinity, Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry, Medicine, Surgery, 
 Clinical Surgery, Hygiene, Botany, Materia Medica, Obstetric Medicine, 
 Forensic Medicine, Practical Chemistry, Comparative Anatomy, Patho- 
 logical Anatomy, Dental Surgery, Ophthalmology. Every Medical 
 Student is required to register the commencement of his professional 
 studies at the office of the General Medical Council, and at one or 
 more of the several Medical Examining Boards; but no Student is 
 allowed to register unless he produce a Certificate of having passed a 
 Preliminary^ Examination in Arts. Amongst the Arts Examinations 
 recognised 'are the Matriculation Examination of the University of 
 London, and the Special Arts Examinations at the College of Surgeons 
 and the Apothecaries' Society. 
 
 Fees. — The College and Hospital Fees, for three years' Course of Study required 
 by the College of Physicians, the;, College of Surgeons, and the Society of Apothe- 
 caries, amount tO;^io5. Payments for this Course may be made by one'sum of^^ioo 
 on entrance, or by the following instalments : — 5^52 on entrance ; £afl at the begin- 
 ning of the Second Winter Session ; ^^lo los. at the beginning of the Third Winter 
 Session. Each year is divided into two Sessions : the Winter Session begins 
 October ist, and the Summer Session May ist. If the Course be extended over 
 three years, a further sum oi £\o los. will be required at the beginning of each subse- 
 quent Winter Session. Students are recommended to add to the above a Second 
 Course of Chemistry, £2 2s., and the Medical Tutor's Fee, for one year, £t, 3s. 
 Occasional Students, various Fees, as by the College Tables. 
 
 Residence and Board. — Rooms are provided within the College 
 for the Residence of a limited number of Matriculated Students. The 
 Censor resides within the College, and the superintendence of all resi- 
 dent Students is confided to him. With the sanction of the Council 
 several gentlemen receive Boarders, and it may be arranged for Students 
 to reside with persons qualified to assist their studies by home super- 
 intendence. The Terms for Boarders may be ascertained by inquiry at 
 the College, or by letter addressed to the Censor. 
 
 Evening Classes.- — Classes for Evening Instruction are held during 
 the months from October to March, inclusive, and of April, May, and 
 June. There is a Special Class for the preparation of Candidates for the 
 Civil Service. The work of the Evening Classes embraces subjects cor- 
 responding with those in the regular Departments, but necessarily less 
 
 thorough and systematic. The following are the subjects taught : 
 
 Divinity, Latin, Greek, French Language, German Language, German 
 
KING'S COLLEGE. 127 
 
 Literature and History, English Language and Literature, English History, 
 Italian, Spanish, Hebrew, Geography, Arithmetic, Writing, Mathematics, 
 Commerce and Commercial Law, Drawing, Elements of Chemistry, 
 Practical Chemistry, Mechanics, Physiology, Botany, Experimental 
 Physics, Mineralogy, Geology, Zoology, Logic, Political Economy, Pubhc 
 Reading and Speaking, Law, Shorthand. 
 
 Fees. — i. For any single Course (except Divinity and Practical Chemistry), 
 £1 IIS. 6d. 2. The Divinity Class is free to all Students attending any other class, 
 and los. 6d. is the fee when no other class is attended. Practical Chemistry, 
 £,2 2S. for the Course. 3. For any Four Classes, ;^5 5s. ; for Five Classes, 
 ^d IIS. 3d.; in either case los. 6d. extra if Practical Chemistry is included. 
 4. After Christmas, the Fee is reduced to £\ is. for One Class; and to ^^3 los. 
 for Four Classes. 5. Students, who are attending at least two Classes, can become 
 " Matriculated Students of the College," by payment of an additional fee of ;^2 12s. 
 
 Dean of the Department, Professor Adams. 
 
 King's College Scliool. — The School consists of three Divi- 
 sions : — L Classics, Mathematics, and General Literature ; to prepare 
 Pupils for the Universities, for the Theological, General Literature, and 
 Medical Departments in the College, for the Learned Professions and 
 Commercial pursuits. The Course of Instruction comprises Divinity, the 
 Greek, Latin, and French Languages ; Mathematics and Arithmetic ; 
 Writing and Geography. II. Modern Instruction ; intended to prepare 
 Pupils for General and Mercantile pursuits, for the Department of Applied 
 Science in King's College, for the Military Academies at Woolwich and 
 Sandhurst. The Course of Instruction includes Divinity, Latin, Algebra, 
 EucHd, Arithmetic, and Writing; English History and Geography; 
 French and German ; Geometrical, Freehand, and Landscape Drawing. 
 III. The Lower School is intended to give a thorough preparation up 
 to such a point as will enable Pupils to enter either of the two Senior 
 Divisions. 
 
 Dining Hall. — A sufficient time, at one o'clock each day, is allowed for dinner or 
 luncheon, which are provided in the College at a regulated expense. 
 
 Fees. — The Fees for the whole regular Course of Instruction in either Division, 
 including stationery and use of hooks, amount to £& per Term in the Lent and 
 Easter Terras, and ;^8 2s. 6d. in the Michaelmas Term, making a total of j^24 2S. 6d. 
 per annum. The Entrance Fees amount to £2 13s. 6d. 
 
 Secretary to the College, J. W. Cunningham, Esq. 
 
 The following Collegiate Institutions and Schools are in union 
 with King's College. The conditions of the union are that provision 
 is made for the fundamental regulations of such Schools for the systematic 
 instruction of the Scholars in the doctrines and duties of Christianity as 
 taught by the Established Church, and also that the Head Master and 
 his regular Assistants are Members of that Church. That periodical 
 Examinations by competent Examiners not belonging to the School 
 shall take place, and a copy of their Report be regularly sent to the 
 Council of King's College. That the School shall be open to the 
 inspection of the Principal of King's College, if so desired. 
 
 Pupils educated in the Schools in Union have the privilege, in 
 common with those educated in King's College School, of becoming 
 Associates of the General Literature and Science Department of the 
 College in a shorter time than those educated elsewhere. 
 
128 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 An Annual Prize is given by the Council of King's College to the 
 best Pupil from each School : — 
 
 ' School. Head Master. 
 
 AU Souls and Marylebone District , A. H. Barford, Esq., B.A. 
 
 Dunmow Commercial H. E. Cockayne, Esq. 
 
 Forest Grammar Rev. F. B. Guy, M.A. 
 
 Haclcney Collegiate Rev. J. C. Jackson, M.A. 
 
 Kensington Proprietary Rev. S. Kingsford, M.A. 
 
 Philological, New Road Edwin Abbott, Esq. 
 
 St. Andrew's, Stoke Newington Thos. Bryer, Esq., B.A. 
 
 St. Peter's College, Eaton Square Rev. B. Gibsone, M.A. 
 
 Stepney Proprietaiy Grammar Rev. O. G. D. Perrott, B.A. 
 
 Stockwell Proprietary Grammar Rev. J. S. Watson, M.A. 
 
 Westboume Collegiate G. P. Shapcott, Esq. 
 
 Western Grammar School, Brompton .... E. J. Huelin, Esq. 
 
 St. Peter's College, Westminster. — Founded by Queen 
 Elizabeth in 1560. The Foundation consists of Forty Boys, denomi- 
 nated Queen's Scholars. The admission is by Open Competition to 
 vacancies, of which there are about Ten yearly, and are filled at Whit- 
 suntide in each year. 
 
 The Examinations are held between Christmas and Easter. There 
 is no restriction in respect of birthplace ; but all Candidates are 
 by the Statutes required to have been a year previously in the School. 
 They must be under the age oi fifteen on March 25 th of the year of 
 admission, and usually remain four years in College, before presenting 
 themselves for election to the Universities. The Queen's Scholars hold 
 their Scholarships subject to an annual Examination, in which any 
 Scholar failing to satisfy the Examiners of his industry and progress in 
 study may forfeit his place on the Foundation. 
 
 Six Exhibitions, tenable at the School, are offered annually for 
 competition to Candidates (whether previously in the School or not) of 
 ages between eleven and fourteen. Two are of the value of ^£'30 two 
 of ^20, and two of ;£i8._ These Exhibitions are all tenable for two 
 years, or until the holder is elected upon the Foundation. A power is 
 reserved of re-electing deserving Candidates. The Examination is held 
 in Easter Week. 
 
 The Annual Prizes open to competition, for all boys proceeding 
 to the Universities, who shall have been at least three years previously 
 in the School, are as follow : — i. Three Junior Studentships at Christ 
 Church, Oxford, tenable for seven years. Total annual value above 
 _;^ioo each. The Scholarships are augmented, in all cases of merit, by 
 gifts from the Carey Benefaction, the income of which amounts to X600 
 a year, and is divisible among the Westminster Students of Christ 
 Church. 2. Three Exhibitions at Trinity College, Cambridge, of JC^o 
 a year, tenable for three years, or until the time for taking the B.A. Degree. 
 These Exhibitions may also be augmented from the Samwaies Benefaction 
 which amounts at present to about ;£7S annually. 3. Two or more 
 Exhibitions from the Bequest of Dr. Triplett, tenable for three years at 
 any College of Oxford or Cambridge, conditionally on certificates of 
 residence and good conduct from the authorities of the College. Annual 
 value ;^so each. These are not open to Students of Christ Church. 
 Any of these Studentships or Exhibitions may be withheld in default of 
 deserving Candidates. 
 
COLLEGES. 129 
 
 All the Examinations of the Queen's Scholars, and for Studentships 
 or Exhibitions, mentioned above, are conducted by Examiners appointed 
 from Christ Church, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cambridge. 
 
 The Fixed Expenses of a Queen's Scholar are £y:i annually, payable half-yearly 
 in advance. This charge includes Maintenance, as well as Tuition in all branches of 
 study, except those which are mentioned below as extra. 
 
 For " Town Boys," or boys not on the Foundation, the School Tuition Fees are 5 
 guineas Entrance, and 30 guineas annually for Tuition, which charge is also pay- 
 able half-yearly and in advance. These Fees include all the ordinary instruction — 
 Scriptural teaching, Classics, Mathematics and similar subjects. History, Geography, 
 English, French (or German for advanced PupUs), together with Drawing or Singing, 
 at the discretion of the Head Master. Private Tuition, as well as p'encing and Gym- 
 nastics, is charged extra. 
 
 " Town Boys" may board either wholly or partially at one of the Boarding Houses, 
 or entirely at home. For Home Boarders a room is provided at No. i, Dean's Yard, 
 where, for a small extra charge. Books, Great-coats, &c., may be kept. The Board- 
 ing House Fees are 5 guineas Entrance, and 65 guineas yearly for Boarders, or 24 
 guineas for Half Boarders, besides Tuition Fees. The School Hours are ordinarily 
 from 8 to 9 a.m. and from 10 to 13.30 p.m., and from 3.30 to 5.30 p.m. (from 3 to 5 
 p.m. in summer). Home and Half Boarders who come from a distance are allowed 
 to attend from 9 a.m. to 12.30 in the morning, instead of coming at 8 a.m. Wednes- 
 day and Saturday are Half Holidays. The School Holidays are 3 weeks at Whitsun- 
 tide, 7 weeks in August and September, and 5 weeks at Christmas. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. C. B. Scott, D.D. 
 
 St. Peter's College, Eaton Square, London, S.W. — This 
 Association was founded in 1830 for the management of a Proprietary 
 School, and was Incorporated in 187 1. The constituency was thus 
 enlarged to comprise, besides the Patrons, viz., the Archbishop of Can- 
 terbury and the Lord Chancellor, and the President, Lord Westminster, 
 about 60 Vice-Presidents, 50 Honorary Fellows, and 240 Shareholders. 
 These, according to the Statutes, are debarred from receiving dividends 
 or profits, and have power to found various Schools or Colleges, and to 
 promote Liberal Studies in connection with the Church of England. 
 The Central, and at present only. School of the Society, situated in 
 Eaton Square, and styled St. Peter's Collegiate School, is designed 
 for Boys of the Upper Classes from seven to nineteen years old. They 
 receive a general education in English, French, Classics, Mathematics, 
 and Divinity, besides occasional instruction in Music, Drilling, Drawing, 
 and Natural Science given freely, and in the usual additional subjects 
 for extra fees. The teaching given is adapted to prepare the Pupils for 
 the Universities, the Learned Professions, the Army, Navy, and Civil 
 Service, or for Commercial Pursuits. This School has produced, during 
 its forty years of activity, a long and distinguished list of old Pupils, but 
 it possesses no endowments. Members of the Association can nominate 
 Pupils at somewhat reduced charges. The School Year is divided into 
 three Terms, averaging thirteen weeks each, and commencing on 01 
 about January 27, May i, and September 15. 
 
 Scholarships and Prizes. — Prizes are systematically awarded, and 
 two Scholarships, entitling to free education, are adjudged publicly each 
 summer, after competition and the report of independent Examiners. 
 
 Fees. — General Tuition, 13 to 15 guineas per year, divided by three Terms. 
 Special Tuition in Fine Art Drawing or in Fortification, 4 guineas ; in German, 
 2 guineas per annum. Boarding, 45 to 70 guineas per annum. There are no 
 Entrance Fees, or other perquisites. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. B. W. Gibsone, M.A., B.Sc. 
 
 K 
 
130 SOMS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 The College, Regent's Park. Affiliated to the University 
 OF London. Is within a pleasant walk to University College, the 
 College of Chemistry, the British Museum, and close to the Botanical 
 and Zoological Gardens. Is designed for three Classes of Students : 
 for such as study Theology only ; for those who desire to take a Course 
 of preliminary Education with a view to Theological Study ; and for 
 Lay Students. Removed hither from Stepney in 1857; between that 
 time and 1865 twenty-three Students have taken University Degrees, 
 and Honours have been obtained in forty-nine subjects, including nine 
 Scholarships and various Prizes. 
 
 For Lay Students a Christian home is provided. A large Library is 
 accessible to them. Their general studies are superintended by the 
 Tutors ; and they may take such Classes in the College, in University 
 College, New College, or elsewhere, as may be necessary to meet special 
 circumstances. The Students are thus qualified for a Degree, for the 
 Civil Service, for Professions, and for the higher walks of Commercial 
 life. 
 
 The Terms vary from Sixty Guineas to Eighty Guineas a year, according to 
 the Classes taken by each Student. This sum, which is paid to the funds of the 
 College, meets the expense of rooms and furniture, board, and education. In 
 the Classes which Students attend, all is taught that is required for the B.A. Degree 
 in the University of London, viz., English Language, Literature, and History ; the 
 Latin and Greek Languages and Literature, Chemistry, German or French, Mathe- 
 matics and Natural Philosophy, Logic, Mental Philosophy, and Ethics. In addition, 
 they take Classes on Scripture Evidences, and on the Study of the Old and New 
 Testament, Classes in extra subjects of Education can be taken at University 
 College, the College of Practical Chemistry, &c. 
 
 President, Rev. Dr, Angus. 
 
 Christ's College, Fin'chley, N. — Established to afford, upon 
 moderate terms, a First-class Education, preparing Pupils for the 
 Universities, the Professions, Mihtary and Naval Colleges, and all Com- 
 petitive Examinations. In the Oxford and Cambridge Local Examina- 
 tions the Students of Finchley College have secured a very high 
 distinction. There are Scholarships, varying from _^5 to ;£'so, by 
 which the expenses of the successful competitors are considerably 
 diminished. The buildings are large and convenient, situated in a 
 rural and very healthy district, and are provided with excellent play- 
 grounds. There is a Modern Department in which Pupils are fitted for 
 Mercantile Pursuits, attention being chiefly bestowed upon the study of 
 Modern Languages, and the usual subjects of English education. 
 
 The year is divided into three Terms, commencing on or about the 
 30th January, 25th April, and 12th September. 
 
 Terms.— Education, Board, "Washing, Medical Attendance, Subscription to 
 Library Fund, &c., ;^20 per Term. Books, Stationery, Music, and optional disburse- 
 ments extra. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. T. C. Whitehead, M.A. 
 
 For other Metropolitan and also Provincial Colleges and 
 Institutions see future pages, and consult the Index. The Institu- 
 tions and Departments that immediately follow confer Distinctions and 
 Appointments after Competitive Examinations. 
 
SOCIETY OF ARTS. 131 
 
 Society of Arts. — Founded 1754, and incorporated by Royal 
 Charter 1847, for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and 
 Commerce, by bestowing Rewards for such productions, inventions, 
 or improvements as tend to the employment of the- poor, to the increase 
 of trade, and to the riches and honour of the kingdom ; and for 
 meritorious works in the various departments of the Fine Arts; for 
 Discoveries, Inventions, and Improvements in Agriculture, Chemistry, 
 Mechanics, Manufactures, and other useful Arts ; for the appUcation of 
 such natural and artificial products, whether of Home, Colonial, or 
 Foreign growth and manufacture, as may appear likely to afford fresh 
 objects of industry, and to increase the trade of the realm by extending 
 the sphere of British commerce ; and generally to assist in the advance- 
 ment, development, and practical application of every department of 
 science in connection with the Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce of 
 this country. 
 
 Early as the middle of the last century, its efforts were directed to improving 
 agricultural implements ; raising, planting, and preserving timber ; improving the cul- 
 ture of most kinds of com and grass seeds, and the introduction of new root crops ; 
 also the reclamation of large tracts of land from the sea, thus extending the means of 
 producing food for the people. In Applied Chemistry and Metallurgy it collected 
 much information relative to improvements in dyeing and tanning, the make of 
 crucibles and retorts, the discovery of cobalt, zaffre, and smalt, and the manufacture 
 of iron, copper, and tin ; in .Manufactures it has given to the world many improve- 
 ments, such as the loom for weaving fishing-nets, spinning machines, the make of 
 Persian carpets, druggets, cambric, lace, and various kinds of paper. It erected the 
 first saw-mill used in this country, and has introduced many improvements in ship- 
 building, the diving-beU, floating-lights, the construction of cranes and jacks, and 
 manufacturing machines and tools in general. 
 
 In our Colonies the Society has been instrumental in establishing Botanic Gardens, 
 thereby aiding the importation and production of the spices, fruits, and gums of 
 Foreign Countries, and their more general introduction into Commerce. It has also 
 been the means of introducing many new substances, such as gutta-percha, cocoa-nut 
 oil, &c., thereby creating new sources of trade. 
 
 In the Fine Arts the Society not merely encouraged the study of Art at a period 
 prior to the existence of the Royal Academy and Government Schools, but, by allow- 
 ing artists to make collections of their works, and to exhibit them in the Society's 
 Rooms, in 1 760, it thereby established pennanent Exhibitions of Art in this country, 
 out of which grew the present Royal Academy. Among the names of those rewarded 
 by the Society in their youth will be found Flaxman, Bacon, Nollekens, Uwins, 
 Landseer, JXulready, Ross, Eastlake, Millais, and other leading Artists. 
 
 Since its incorporation by Royal Charter in 1847, by holding smaller Industrial 
 Exhibitions, the Society prepared the way for tlie first Great International Exhibition, 
 held in 1851, which was originated by the Society under the presidency of his Royal 
 Highness the Prince Consort. The Society at first entered into an agreement with 
 contractors to cairy out the undertaking, but subsequently applied to her Majesty to 
 issue a Royal Commission, a petition which was graciously acceded to. The more 
 recent action of the Society, in reference to the International Exhibition of 1862, is 
 well known. It raised a Guarantee Fund of ^£'450,000, to meet the expenses of the 
 undertaking, and nominated the Commissioners, who were afterwards appointed by 
 her Majesty ; and is at present co-operating with her Majesty's Commissioners with 
 a view to the establishment of Annual International Exhibitions of Industry, the first 
 of which series was opdned to the public in the spring of 1871. 
 
 The Artistic Copyright Act of 1862 was prepared and carried through Parliament 
 by a Committee of the Society ; and the amendment of the Laws bearing upon Industry 
 and Commerce, especially the Patent Laws, and the extension and free use of the 
 Postal sj^tem, the introduction of the Book Post, the Parcels Post, and the distri- 
 bution of Printed Matter by the Post Office, are subjects to which the Society has 
 directed its attention. The Improvement of the Dwellings of the Labouring Classes, 
 and the Education of the Workman, have at various times occupied its attention ; 
 but Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce— the objects which it was established to pra- 
 
 K 2 
 
132 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 mote— afford so wide a field of investigation, that the nature of the Society's action, 
 and its method of carrying out the objects of its founders, can only be fully known to 
 those who take a continued interest in the Society itself. 
 
 Membership. — The Society consists of upwards of 3,000 Members. 
 The Annual Subscription is" £2 2s.; or a Life Subscription of ;^2i. 
 There is no Entrance Fee. Communications to The Secretary, 
 Society's House, Adelphi, London. The following are the immediate 
 privileges of association : — 
 
 Meetings. — The Session commences in November and ends in 
 June. At the Wednesday Evening Meetings during the Session, papers 
 on subjects relating to inventions, improvements, discoveries, and other 
 matters connected with the Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce of the 
 Country are read and discussed, full reports of them being given in the 
 Weekly Journal published by the Society. These meetings are free to 
 Members of the Society, who are entitled to admit two triends to each 
 meeting. 
 
 Lectures. — In addition to the Wednesday Evening Meetings, 
 Courses of Lectures, entitled "Cantor Lectures," are delivered on 
 subjects bearing upon the Arts, the Applied Sciences, Commerce, and 
 Industry. These Lectures are free to Members of the Society, who are 
 entitled to admit two friends to each Lecture. 
 
 The. Journal, which is sent free to Members, is published weekly, and 
 contains, in addition to the Reports of the Society's Proceedings, 
 Reports of the Institutions in Union, and a variety of information 
 connected with Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. The Journal is 
 also the official organ of the Annual International Exhibitions. 
 
 The Library and Reading Room are open to Members, who are 
 also entitled to borrow books. 
 
 Conversazioni are held, to which the Members are invited, each 
 Member receiving a card for himself and lady. 
 
 Secretary, P. Le Neve Foster, Esq. 
 
 TJnion of Institutions, in connection with the Society of 
 Arts. — The Society now has about 400 Literary, Scientific, and 
 Mechanics' Institutions, District Unions, and Local Educational Boards, 
 in the United Kingdom and the Colonies, in Union with it, one of the 
 principal objects of this "Union" being the promotion of Adult Educa- 
 tion, particularly by means of Examinations. These it holds annually, 
 and awards Certificates and Prizes to a large amount, including the 
 Prince Consort's Prize of Twenty-five Guineas, graciously continued by 
 her Majesty. The whole of the General Prizes are offered to Female 
 Candidates on the same terms as to Males ; and, in many of the subjects, 
 an additional Prize is offered to Females. There is also a Special Prize 
 of Ten Guineas offered to Female Candidates. (See Part II.) 
 
 Special Prizes are also offered annually by learned Societies and 
 benevolent individuals desirous of promoting certain courses of dis- 
 covery or instruction. The Examinations and Prizes are open for 
 Competition to persons not Members of the Society, but who may be 
 Members or Students of Institutions, or Classes, in Union with the 
 Society. 
 
 I. These Examinations have been established for the benefit of the 
 Members and Students of Institutions in Union with the Society of 
 
SOCIETY OF ARTS. 133 
 
 Arts, who are commonly mechanics, artisans, soldiers, labourers, clerks, 
 tradesmen and farmers in a small way of business, apprentices, sons 
 and da.ughters of tradesmen and farmers, assistants in shops, and others 
 of various occupations. To all such Members and Students in the 
 Institutions, and to other persons of the like condition, male and 
 female, the Examinations, Certificates, and Prizes, offered annually, are 
 open on the general conditions stated herein. Persons, however, who 
 are, or have been, professional teachers or pupil-teachers ^ persons who 
 either are enjoying, or have enjoyed, a liberal education, or who occupy 
 a higher position in society than those above described, may obtain 
 Certificates, but cannot compete for the Prizes. 
 
 II. The Certificates are not competed for. They are awarded as 
 records of positive, not comparative attainment. The Prizes are com- 
 peted for. 
 
 III. For the conditions on which persons of a higher grade in society 
 may be examined and receive Certificates, but not compete for Prizes, 
 see Rules as to Examination and Fees. 
 
 IV. The Candidates for Examination have not to go to a distance 
 from their homes. The Examinations are held in all places in the 
 United Kingdom where a Local Educational Board connected with the 
 Society of Arts is willing to make the requisite arrangements. 
 
 In 1870 the Council decided to remove from the Programme those 
 subjects in which the Government Science and Art Department 
 holds Examinations, which are now largely taken advantage of by the 
 same class of persons (and very often by the same individuals) as those 
 who sit at the Society's Examinations. The following subjects, therefore, 
 have been withdrawn : — Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Conic Sec- 
 tions, Navigation, &c.. Principles of Mechanics, Practical Mechanics, 
 Magnetism and Electricity, Light and Heat, Chemistry, Mining and 
 Metallurgy, Botany, Animal Physiology, Freehand Drawing, Practical 
 Geometry, Mechanical Drawing. 
 
 The Society of Arts' Final Examination embraces the following, 
 and such Special Subjects as may be announced in the Society's yearly 
 programme. A Previous Examination, of a more elementary cha- 
 racter, is held by the District Unions and Local Boards, and from 
 among the most proficient Candidates the Competitors for the Society's 
 Final Examination are selected. Arithmetic, Book-keeping, Metrical 
 System, Mensuration, Latin, German, French, Italian, Spanish, English ;. 
 Political Economy, Domestic Economy; Logic, Theory of Music, 
 Musical Composition (Tonic Sol-fa); English History, Geography; 
 Floriculture, Fruit and Vegetable Culture. 
 
 Rules as to Examination, and Fees. — No Candidate can be admitted to the 
 Final Examination unless duly retained by a District Union or Local Board as having, 
 passed a previous Examination. Every admitted Candidate must be at least sixteen 
 years of age. [A.) Members of, or Students of Classes in, Institutions in union with 
 the Society of Arts, are examined free. (B.) Members of, or Students of Classes in, 
 small Institutions, not in union with the Society of Arts, but subscribing one guinea 
 a year for admission to the Examinations alone, are examined free. (C) Members of, 
 or Students of Classes in, small Institutions not in union with the Society of Arts, 
 but connected with it through a District Union or Local Board, are examined on pay- 
 ment of a fee of is. 6d. {D.) Persons of a higher class of society than those described 
 in paragraph I. cannot compete for Prizes, but may be examined for Certificates on 
 payment of a fee of 5s. 
 
134 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Districts in Union with the Society of Arts. 
 
 Aldershot and Farnham District (2 Institutions) ; Hon. Secretary, Mr. 
 
 eniy Poppleton, College School, Farnham. 
 
 East Lancashire Union (20 Institutions and Evening Schools) ; Offices, 
 Mechanics' Institute, Burnley; Hon. Sec, Mr. John Sutherland, Bumley; Assistant- 
 Sec, Mr. T. W. Shore, Bumley. 
 
 ■ Lancashire and Cheshire Union (130 Institutions) ; Hon. Secretary, Dr. R. 
 M. Pankhurst, Manchester ; Visiting Agent, Mr. Thomas Lawton, 3, St. James's 
 Chambers, South King Street, Manchester. 
 
 South Staffordshire Association (25 Institutions, 38 Evening Schools, and 
 3 Working Men's Clubs) ; Secretary, Mr. F. Talbot, Smethwick, Birmingham. 
 
 Worcester Union of Educational Institutes (28 Institutions and 12 Even- 
 ing Schools) ; President, J. S. Pakington, Esq. ; Secretary, Mr. F. Marcus, Wor- 
 cester. 
 
 Yorkshire Union of Mechanics' Institutes (130 Institutions) ; Visiting 
 Agent, Mr. Henry H. Sales, 5, Victoria Chambers, Leeds. 
 
 For List of Institutions and Secretaries' Names, see Appendix. 
 
 Government Science and Art Schools and. Classes, 
 
 under the direction of the Committee of Council on Education, 
 South Kensington, London, by which aid is afforded to Local Schools 
 and Classes, for the promotion of Science and Art Education. For this 
 purpose a sum of money is annually voted by Parliament. The object 
 of the Grant is to promote instruction, especially among the Industrial 
 Classes. Upwards of One Thousand Science Schools and Classes are 
 at present in operation in the United Kingdom, and about 30,000 
 Pupils are under instruction. 
 
 The following are the Sciences towards instruction in which aid is 
 given : — Practical Plane and Solid Geometry ; Machine Construction 
 and Drawing; Building Construction, or Naval Architecture and Draw- 
 ing ; Pure Mathematics ; Theoretical Mechanics ; Applied Mechanics ; 
 Acoustics, Light, and Heat ; Magnetism and Electricity ; Inorganic 
 Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry ; Geology ; Mineralogy ; Animal Phy- 
 siology ; Zoology ; Vegetable Anatomy and Physiology ; Systematic 
 and Economic Botany ; Principles of Mining ; Metallurgy ; Navigation ; 
 Nautical Astronomy ; Steam ; and Physical Geography. 
 
 Assistance granted by the Science and Art Department is in the 
 form of — 
 
 Public Examinations, in which Queen's Medals and Queen's Prizes 
 are awarded, held at all places complying with certain conditions. 
 
 Payments on results to Committees or Teachers. 
 
 Scholarships and Exhibitions. 
 
 Building Grants. 
 
 Grants towards the purchase of apparatus, &c. 
 
 Supplementary Grants in certain subjects, and special aid to Teachers 
 and Students. 
 
 -The Science and Art Department holds annually about May, through 
 the agency of the Local Committees, Public Examinations in all the 
 before-mentioned Sciences, and in Art, in any place in the United 
 Kingdom which complies with the requisite conditions. On the results 
 of these Examinations payments are made for the instruction of the 
 Students, and Medals and Prizes are awarded. 
 
 In addition to the ordinary Science Examinations in May, Class 
 Examinations are held in Mathematics, Navigation, Nautical Astronomy, 
 
GOVERNMENT SCIENCE AND ART SCHOOLS. 135 
 
 and Physical Geography, for the benefit of Seafaring Men only, three 
 times a year, in all seaports where Local Committees are formed. 
 
 The Examinations are of two kinds, but are held on the same 
 evenings, and conducted by the sam?' Committees : — ist. The Class 
 Examinations for Students under instruction in Science Classes. 2nd. 
 The Honours Examination of a highly advanced character. For the 
 purpose of the Class Examinations each subject is divided into two 
 stages — the elementary and the advanced ; except Mathematics, which 
 is divided into seven stages. There is a different Examination Paper 
 for each stage, and in each stage there are two grades of success — first 
 and second class. For the second, or lowest class of the elementary 
 stage, the standard of attainment required is merely such as will justify 
 the Examiner in reporting that the instruction has been sound, and that 
 the Students have been benefited by it ; but the standard may be raised 
 from year to year. 
 
 There is an Honours Paper in each subject, except Mathematics, 
 which for this purpose may be considered as divided into three subjects, 
 an Honours Paper being set on each evening for the whole of the 
 stages comprised in that evening's Examination. 
 
 Besides the Registered, Students of a Class, any other person may 
 present himself for examination before the Local Committee whenever 
 an Examination is being held for the Class. Before the 26th of March 
 he must apply to a Local Secretary, who will forward his name to the 
 Department of Science. Arrangements must be made by the Local 
 Committees to give accommodation at the Examination to all outside 
 Candidates who have given the proper notice, as well as the Students in 
 the class for which the Committee act, to sit at the Examination. 
 
 A Registration Fee of 2s. 6d. may be demanded of such outside Candidates. 
 But the fee may be remitted or reduced at the option of the Committee. 
 
 To all successful Students are given printed lists of results showing 
 their position. To the First Class in each stage are given Queen's 
 Prizes, consisting of books or instruments, chosen by the Candidates 
 from lists furnished for that purpose. No Queen's Prize or Medal will 
 be given to a Student in the advanced stage, unless he has previously 
 passed in the elementary stage, or been successful under the old system. 
 
 The Prizes are unlimited in number, and are open to all Candidates 
 who come within either of the following categories : — i. Students in 
 Science Classes under Teachers qualified to earn payment. 2. Regis- 
 tered Students in Artisan Classes taught by other Teachers. . [Per- 
 sons who have enjoyed previous privileges, or studied in certain 
 colleges, are excluded. Of these exceptions information may be 
 obtained from the Local Secretaries.] 
 
 Four Medals — one Gold, one Silver, and two Bronze — ^are given in 
 the Class Examination in each subject for competition among the bona 
 fide Students of Science Classes, who either come within the category of 
 persons on account of whom payments can be earned, or are under 
 seventeen years of age. Only Registered Students of Schools and Classes 
 under Local Committees can take Medals. Middle Class Students, 
 persons engaged in teaching, as well as teachers in training, who are 
 more than seventeen years of age, even if qualified, are ineligible for 
 them. Should a Student take more than one Gold, Silver, or Bronze 
 Medal, he will receive books instead of a second Medal. 
 
136 SOJVS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 When the best Candidates for Queen's Medals are nearly equal, five 
 or six of them, as may be found desirable, may be summoned to London 
 for further Examination, in order to decide to whom the different 
 Medals shall be awarded. Their travelling expenses, second-class railway 
 fares, and los. a day while required to be absent from home, will be allowed. 
 
 Scholarships and Exhibitions. — Grants are made to aid local 
 efforts in founding Scholarships and Exhibitions. The Scholarship is 
 intended to maintain the Student while remaining at a day school, and 
 the Exhibition to support him while pursuing his studies at some 
 central institution where the instruction is of a high grade. 
 
 There are two forms of Tocal Scholarship in connection with Elementary 
 Schools: — I. The Elementary Scholarship; 2. The Science and Art 
 Scholarship. For the encouragement of advanced Scientific instruction, 
 there are two kinds of Exhibitions ; — i. The Local Exhibition; 2. The 
 Royal Exhibition. For the former a grant of £,^ is made towards the 
 maintenance of a deserving Student to the managers of any elementary 
 school who undertake to support him for one year, and subscribe at 
 least ;^5 for that purpose. For the latter a grant of ;^io is made 
 towards the maintenance of a Student in a day school who has taken a 
 first grade in Freehand or Model Drawing, and Elementary Geometry, 
 and passed in one of the subjects of Science, provided that the 
 managers of the school undertake to support him for one year, and 
 subscribe _;^S for that purpose. These Scholarships may be held for 
 three years, and may be transferred with the Student from one school 
 to another, in case of need. 
 
 The Science and Art Department will make a grant ^25 per 
 annum to the managers of any School, or Educational Institution, or 
 Local Committee, who will raise the like sum by voluntary contribu- 
 tion, for the maintenance of a Student at some College or School, where 
 a thorough course .of Scientific instruction of an advanced character 
 may be obtained. The Exhibition may last for one, two, or three years. 
 
 Royal Exhibitions, of the value of ^£50 per annum, tenable for three 
 years, to the Royal School of Mines, London, and the Royal College of 
 Surgeons, Dublin, are given in competition at the May Examinations. 
 There are nine Royal Exhibitions to the School of Mines, and nine to the 
 College. Three Exhibitions to each institution are therefore generally 
 vacated each year. They are held on the condition that the holder 
 attends the Lectures regularly during the three years, and passes the 
 Examinations required for the Associateship of the School. The 
 Exhibitions entitle the holders to free admissions to all the Lectures, 
 and to the Chemical and Metallurgical Laboratories at those two 
 institutions. Persons over twenty-one years of age, excepting Artisans 
 and Students of the Industrial Classes, will be excluded from competing 
 for these Exhibitions. 
 
 Whitworth Scholarships, of the value of ;^ioo per annum, tenable 
 for three years, are also given in competition at the May Examinations. 
 (See Whitworth Scholarships.) 
 
 Free Admissions to Lectures at the Royal School of Mines, or the 
 Royal College of Science, Dublin, are granted to any person who takes 
 a Gold Medal in the May Examination. 
 
 Aid to Schools and Teachers. — In addition to the encouragement 
 afforded to Education in the manner before described, the Government 
 
GOVERNMENT SCIENCE AND ART SCHOOLS. 137 
 
 grants aid to Schools and Teachers in various ways. Payments are 
 made to Committees or Teachers on the results of the May Examinations. 
 These payments are made only on account of the instruction of Students 
 of the Industrial Classes, or on account of their children. They are £,2 
 for a first class, and £^\ for a second class, in each stage. Also los. for 
 each second grade Art paper satisfactorily worked. Any person may 
 qualify himself or herself to earn payments on results, by obtaining a 
 first or second class in the advanced grade of the Class Examination, or 
 by taking Honours. This Examination is dispensed with when, the 
 Candidate has taken a Degree at one of the Universities of the United 
 Kingdom. A grant towards the purchase of apparatus, diagrams, &c., 
 of 50 per cent, of the cost of them is made to Science Schools ; or 
 where a school is furnished with a laboratory, properly fitted, a payment 
 of ^i is made towards the expenses of each Student who during the 
 year receives twenty-five lessons in Laboratory practice. A grant in aid 
 of a new building, or of the adaptation of an existing building, for a 
 School of Science, may be made up to a maximum of £,'^oa for any 
 one school, provided that certain conditions are compHed with. 
 
 In Chemistry special extra payments will be made on account of 
 Students who show a good knowledge of Laboratory practice. These 
 payments will be los. and ;£\ extra on the second and first class 
 respectively in both the elementary and the advanced stage. On each 
 Student that passes in the First or Second Class Honours, £,0, and;^2 
 respectively are claimable, under certain conditions. Special grants 
 are made for the travelling expenses of Teachers, in places where there 
 is local organisation for Educational purposes, in an outlying district of 
 villages or small towns, where local Teachers cannot be obtained. 
 Arrangements are occasionally made for Teachers to visit London, to 
 undergo a course of instruction in Teaching, and for the purpose of 
 visiting the South Kensington Museum and other Metropolitan Institu- 
 tions. All particulars are given in the Directories of the Science and 
 Art Department. 
 
 Application to be made to " The Secretary, Science and Art Depart- 
 ment, South Kensington, London.''' Six stamps should be enclosed for 
 the Directory, but the letter will pass free, without postage. For a List 
 of the Local Schools and Classes, the names of their Promoters, and 
 particulars as to Students' Fees, see Appendix. 
 
 National Art Training School and Classes, South 
 Kensington, in connection with the Government Science and Art 
 Department. — The Courses of Instruction pursued in the Schools have 
 for their object the systematic Training of Teachers, Male and Female, 
 in the practice of Art, and in the knowledge of its scientific principles, 
 with the view of qualifying them to impart to others a careful Art- 
 education, and to develop its application to the common uses of life, 
 and its relation to the requirements of Trade and Manufactures. Special 
 Courses are arranged, in order to qualify Schoolmasters of Parochial 
 and other Schools to teach Elementary Drawing as a part of general 
 Education, concurrently with Writing. 
 
 The Instruction comprehends Freehand, Architectural, and Mechanical 
 Drawing ; Practical Geometry and Perspective ; Painting in Oil, Tempera, 
 and Water Colours ; Modelling, Moulding, and Casting. The Classes 
 
138 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 for Drawing, Painting, and Modelling, include Architectural and other 
 Ornament, Flowers, Objects of Still-life, &c. ; the Figure from the 
 Antique and from Life, and the study of Anatomy, as applicable to Art. 
 
 The Annual Sessions, each lasting five months, commence on the 
 I St of March and the ist of October, and end on the last day of July 
 and the last day of February respectively. Students can join the School 
 at any time, the tickets running from date to date. The months of 
 August and September, one week at Christmas, and one week at Easter 
 or Whitsuntide, are vacations. The Classes meet every day except 
 Saturday. Hours of Study— Day, ten to three ; Evening, seven to nirie. 
 
 In connection with the Training School, and open to the Public, 
 separate Classes are established for Male and Female Students. Students 
 properly qualified have full access to the Collections of the Kensington 
 Museum and Library, either for consultation or copying, as well as to all 
 the School Lectures of the Department. The Pubhc also are admitted 
 to the same privileges on payment of small additional Fees. The Art 
 Library is a collection of Books, Prints, Drawings, and Photographs. 
 The collection of Drawings and Prints illustrates Ornamental Art. The 
 collection of Photographs includes Architectural subjects. Ancient 
 Drawings, examples of Ornament, and specimens of Art, from various 
 public and private collections in Great Britain and abroad. For Special 
 Encouragements to Female Art-Students, the Princess of Wales's Art 
 Scholarships, &c., see Part II. 
 
 Students who have paid fees for two consecutive Sessions are entitled, 
 on passing the whole of the Second Grade Examination, to an admission 
 to their class for one year, at a remission of half the usual fee. They are 
 entitled to a continuance of the same privilege for a second year only, if 
 they have obtained a "pass" for merit of work, or a Prize or Medal in 
 the annual National Competition. 
 
 Students who have paid fees as above are entitled, on passing satis- 
 factory Examinations in any three, or if females in two, of the subjects of 
 the First Certificate, to free admission, which will last for one year, and is 
 renewable if the First Certificate be fully ttken within that time. After 
 obtaining the First Certificate Students will continue to be admitted free, 
 provided a " pass " for merit of work, or a Prize or Medal in the annual 
 National Competition be taken annually. Students who have obtained 
 the First Certificate are als3 eligible to compete for admission to the 
 Class for the Training of Teachers, and to the receipt of weekly allow- 
 ances, according to their progress in the school and the certificates 
 obtained, of ss., los., or 15s., in return for which they have to perform 
 certain duties as teachers, and must engage to accept the situations 
 to which they are recommended. (See Competition for Maintenance 
 Allowances under Provincial Art Schools.) 
 
 Fees. — For Classes studying for five whole days, including evenings, ;^5 for 
 five months ; for three whole days, including evenings, £/\ for five months ; for 
 the half-day, morning or evening, '£n for five months. To each of these Classes 
 there is an Entrance Fee of los. Evening Classes; Male School, ;f 2 per session; 
 Artisan Class, los. per session, 3s. per month ; Female School, £1 per session, 
 three evenings a week. Students cannot join the School for a shorter term than 
 five months ; but those Students who have already paid Fees for five months may 
 remain until the end of the scholastic year on payment of a Fee at the rate of ;^i a 
 month for each month unexpired up to the 31st of July in each year. Classes for 
 Schoolmasters and Schoolmistresses, and Pupil Teachers of Elementary Schools, meet 
 on two evenings on each week : Fee, 55. for the session. Teachers in Private 
 
GOVERNMENT SCIENCE AND ART SCHOOLS. 139 
 
 Schools or Families may attend the day classes on payment of a Fee of £\ per 
 month. The morning Classes for Practical Geometry and Perspective are open to all 
 Students ; but they may be attended independently of the general course on payment 
 of a Fee of £'i per session for those Classes. A Course of twelve Lectures on 
 Anatomy as applicable to the Arts is given in each session. Fee for the Course, 6s. ; 
 for a single Lecture, is. 
 
 A Register of the Students' attendance is kept, which may be consulted 
 by Parents and Guardians. 
 
 Head Master, Richard Burchett, Esq. 
 
 Metropolitan District Schools of Art are now established at the 
 following places, and are open in the evening from seven to nine : — 
 
 1. The Female School of Art, 43, Queen Square, Bloorasbury, W.C. 
 
 2. Spitalfields, 12, "White Lion Street, Norton Folgate. 
 
 3. St. Thomas Charterhouse, Goswell Road. 
 
 4. Rotherhithe Grammar School, Deptford Road. 
 
 5. St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, Castle Street, Long Acre. 
 
 6. Lambeth, Miller's Lane, Upper Kennington Lane. 
 
 7. St. Mary's, Hide Place, Vincent Square, Westminster. 
 
 8. West London, 204, Great Portland Street. 
 
 9. North London, Sandringham Road, ICingsland. 
 
 There are Female Classes at each of these Schools. Applications 
 for. admission, prospectuses, or any other information, to be made at the 
 Schools in each district. 
 
 There is an annual Examination for Prizes in all the Schools, and a 
 National Competition. 
 
 The Educational Division of the South Kensington Museum 
 contains Models of School Buildings, and examples of School fittings, 
 and of books, apparatus, and diagrams used in elementary instruction. 
 It also includes scientific apparatus, models of machinery, and other 
 appliances adapted for technical education. The collection of Books, 
 Pamphlets, Periodicals, etc., chiefly of an Educational character, is 
 nearly 30,000 in number — many being presentations or contributions on 
 loan from the ■^arious Educational publishers. 
 
 The Reading Room is op'en to visitors during the same hours as the 
 Museum, namely, from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. on Mondays, Tuesdays, and 
 Saturdays, and to 4, 5, or 6 p.m., according to the season, on Wed- 
 nesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays. During the year 1870, the number 
 of readers amounted to 13,496. 
 
 Tickets of Admission to the Museum, including admission to the Art-Library and 
 Educational Reading-room, are issued at the following rates : — Weekly, 6d.; iuonthly, 
 IS. 6d. ; quarterly, 3s.; half-yearly, 6s.; yearly, los. Yearly Tickets are also issued 
 to any School at^l, which will admit all the pupils of such schools on all Students' 
 days. To be obtained at the Catalogue Sale-Stall of the Museum. 
 
 Provincial Art Schools and Classes, in connection with 
 the Science and Art Department, at Kensington. There are at 
 present more than 118 Art Schools, 335 Evening Art Classes, and 
 about 1,359 Schools for the Poor, in the United Kingdom, receiving 
 encouragement and aid from the Government Department at Kensington. 
 The total number of Pupils receiving instruction exceeds 187,000. For 
 a List of the Principal Schools and Evening Classes, and the names of 
 their Promoters, see Appendix. 
 
 Provincial Schools are entitled to boiTOW from the South Kensington 
 Museum and Library objects of Decorative Art for exhibition and for 
 
140 ^OTVS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 use as examples.. The articles that are made thus available include 
 Sculptures, Carvings in Wood, Medals, Seals, Mosaics, Marquetry, Paint- 
 ings, Drawings, Prints, Japanned or Lacquered Work, Glass Painting, 
 Glass Manufactures, Enamels, Pottery, Electro-copies of Works in 
 Metal, Watches, Clocks, Jewellery, and Ornaments in Precious Metals, 
 Electro-copies of Arms and Armour, Furniture, Leather Work, Basket 
 Work, Textile Fabrics, Bookbinding, &c. 
 
 In addition to grants afforded to the School Committees, to School- 
 masters, and Teachers, the following rewards are offered to Students. 
 In the Schools for the Poor, a small Prize will be given to every child 
 whose drawing may reach the required standard of excellence. For the 
 award of these Prizes, Examinations of a very elementary character will 
 be held in the month of March, and conducted by the Local Committee, 
 or Managers of the School. In the Evening Classes, Prizes will be given 
 to all Students who excel in the Examinations of the second grade, and 
 of the third grade to such Students as execute highly meritorious works. 
 In Schools of Art, Prizes will be given to Students of all Classes who excel 
 in the Examinations of the second grade, and to those who produce 
 works of great merit, executed for special Prizes. The works offered in 
 competition for Prizes are to be forwarded to London through the Local 
 Secretaries, and the Department will pay the carriage of such works, 
 under certain conditions. 
 
 The best works sent up for examination will be selected to enter into 
 a National Competition between the works of all the Schools of Art 
 in the kingdom, and Medals and other Prizes will be awarded to those 
 Students who may be judged to have executed the most meritorious of 
 the competing works. The objects entering into the National Com- 
 petition will be exhibited in London, and in some one of the more im- 
 portant towns of the kingdom. 
 
 The Prize List will include ten Gold Medals, distributed as follows : — 
 
 One Gold Medal for the best study from the Antique in chalk or mono- 
 chrome. This study must be from a single figure in the round, and 
 must be executed within the dimensions of an imperial sheet. 
 
 One Gold Medal for the best study of the figure modelled from the 
 Antique. This study must be from a single figure, and not more than 
 30 inches in height. 
 
 One Gold Medal for the best example of painting a group of still-life 
 from nature, as a composition of colour, in oil, or water colour. The 
 dimensions of this work must be 20 inches by 16 inches, or, if of other 
 proportions, of equal or nearly equal surface. 
 
 Six Medals for the best designs in the three classes, Architectural 
 Design, Surface Design, Plastic Design. 
 
 One Medal for a work of a class not included under the above-named 
 heads. 
 
 Twenty Silver Medals, of which part will be given to the second best 
 works in the various subjects to which Gold Medals are assigned, and 
 the rest to meritorious works in the same, or the best works in other, 
 subjects of study. 
 
 Fifty Bronze Medals to meritorious works in any of the various sub- 
 jects of study. 
 
 Maintenance Allowances. — A limited number only of Students 
 of the National Art Traininer School mav comDete with Students of 
 
GOVERlfMENT SCIENCE AND ART SCHOOLS. 141 
 
 Local Schools of Art for maintenance allowances of 20s. or 25s. weekly. 
 No Student will be eligible to receive such higher payments who has not 
 taken one Art Certificate. Such allowances will be granted for one 
 session only. They may be renewed at the discretion of the Depart- 
 ment, according to the progress and conduct of the Student, and the 
 demand for Certificated Teachers. No Student in training will be allowed 
 to remain as such after he has obtained five Certificates. Besides their 
 studies in the Training School, Students in training will be required to 
 give instruction in parochial and district schools, as a part of their 
 training. 
 
 Further information respecting the Local Art Schools may be obtained 
 from the respective Secretaries, for whose names see Appendix. 
 
 Royal School of Mines, Jermyn Street, London, S.W. In 
 connection with the Government Department of Science and Art, 
 and the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom. The building 
 in which the collections illustrative of the geological structure and of the 
 mineral produce of the British Islands and their dependencies, consti- 
 tuting the Museum of Practical Geology, are exhibited to the public, 
 is, in addition, the seat of the Royal School of Mines, and contains the 
 Central Office of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom. In rSs i 
 numerous memorials, praying for the establishment of a Mining School, 
 were addressed to the Government by the leading representatives of the 
 mining interest of Great Britain. The memorialists urged that, though 
 the value of the annual mineral produce of this country amounted to 
 a sum equalling four-ninths of the total amount produced by the 
 whole of Europe, and far exceeding that yielded by any other state, 
 the miners and metallurgists of the United Kingdom were unable to 
 obtain that instruction in the theory and the practice of their calling 
 wjiich had long been carefully provided for their foreign competitors in 
 the Mining Colleges of France, Belgium, Prussia, Saxony, Austria, 
 Spain, and Sweden ; and the effect of which, in all cases, had been a 
 marked increase in the economy, efficiency, and safety of mining 
 operations. 
 
 The Government acceded to the request of the memorialists, the 
 immediate reahsation of whose wishes was doubtless much facihtaled by 
 the circumstance that the complete nucleus of a Mining School already 
 existed in the officers, the laboratories, and the mineral and fossil 
 collections of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom. In 
 order, therefore, to establish a School of Mines, little more was neces- 
 sary than that the Government should formally authorise a certain 
 number of the officers of the Survey to teach those sciences with which 
 it was their official duty to be acquainted ; and, in fact, when the School 
 of Mines was instituted in 1851, all its professors, with a single excep- 
 tion, were officers of the Survey and Museum, and the students were 
 taught in the theatres and laboratories, and by means of the collections 
 which appertained to the pre-existing establishment. The principal 
 Object of the Institution which had thus naturally grown out of, or 
 engrafted itself upon, the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom, 
 has always been, and is, to discipline the Students of the School thoroughly 
 in the principles of those sciences upon which the operations of the Miner 
 and Metallurgist depend. Nothing but experience in the mine ^nd in 
 
142 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 the laboratory can confer the skill and tact requisite for the practical 
 conduct of those operations ; but it is only by an acquaintance with 
 scientific principles that the beginner can profit by that experience and 
 improve upon the processes of his predecessors. While it has been the 
 chief aim of the Royal School of Mines to become to Britain what the 
 Bergakademie of Freiburg and the Ecole des Mines of Paris are to 
 Germany and to France, the minister by whose instructions the British 
 equivalent of these well-known foreign institutions was founded expressly 
 stipulated that the professors should deliver annually, at a nominal 
 admission fee, a Course of Lectures to Working Men. It appears to 
 have been considered right that an institution subsidised by the nation 
 should contribute to a certain extent to the great national object of 
 educating those who are prevented by circumstances from educating 
 themselves. These Lectures were commenced in 185 1, and the attend- 
 ance upon them was so large, and the interest taken in the subjects 
 discussed by the classes to whom they were addressed was so great, 
 that in the following year the officers of the School of Mines voluntarily 
 determined to increase their labours in this direction, each professor 
 engaging to give a course of six Lectures in alternate years — and thus 
 providing Working Men with an average of twenty-four, instead of six, 
 lectures in each year. 
 
 Course of Instruction. — ^The mode of instruction is by systematic 
 courses of lectures, by written and oral examinations, by practical 
 teaching in the laboratories and drawing office, and by occasional field 
 excursions. First Year : — Inorganic Chemistry, with practice in the 
 Laboratory, Mechanical Drawing, Physics, &c. Second Year : — Minera- 
 logy, Mechanical Drawing, Geology. Third Year (Mining Division) : — 
 Mining, Assaying, Applied Mechanics. (Metallurgical Division) — 
 Metallurgy, with laboratory practice. Applied Mechanics, &c. (Geo- 
 logical Division) — Natural History and Palaeontology, with demonstra- 
 tions; The Courses of Instruction are distributed over three years, but 
 those Students who possess sufficient knowledge may, if they think fit, 
 pass through the whole in two years, by presenting themselves during 
 the current year for examination in the subjects allotted to the first and 
 second years. 
 
 The Lectures to Working Men are delivered in the evenings, at 
 nominal fees. The courses are systematic, and treat of Mining, Geology, 
 Chemistry, Natural History, &c. 
 
 The Library contains a carefully-selected collection of works which 
 are necessary for the Students of the School, including complete sets of 
 the most important foreign and English scientific periodicals. Every 
 facility is given to persons who wish to use it for scientific purposes. 
 
 The Museum is open to the public gratuitously every day in the week 
 except Friday; and on Monday and Saturday (Wis^zw^j until 10 p.m., 
 with the exception of the vacation month, from August 10 until Sep- 
 tember 10. It contains a rich collection of Fossil, Rock, Metallurgical, 
 and Mineralogical specimens. 
 
 The Mining Record Office is of great utility to persons interested 
 in mineral productions. Considerable loss of capital has frequently 
 resulted from attempts to mine in localities where a little knowledge of 
 what had been previously done would have shown there was small 
 prosp.ect of success. Through ignorance of the existence or exact extent 
 
GOVERNMENT SCIENCE AND ART SCHOOLS. 143 
 
 of old and deserted mine-workings, great danger to the miner is not 
 uncommonly incurred, and human Ufe has been frequently sacrificed. 
 The preservation of Mining Records has for one of its objects the 
 prevention of such loss of life and of property. A large collection of 
 plans and sections of mines, and important statistical details, are de- 
 posited in this Office, under the superintendence of the Keeper of the 
 Mining Records. They are made available for the instruction of 
 Students, and may be consulted by those who are interested in the 
 mineral productions of the United Kingdom. Another and perhaps 
 the most important object of this Office is the collection and annual 
 publication of the " Mineral Statistics of the United Kingdom." 
 
 Exhibitions,' Scholarships, Prizes, &c. — There are various Exhi- 
 bitions, Scholarships, and Free Admissions. The following are the 
 chief : — Nine Royal Exhibitions, of jC,^o per annum, each tenable for 
 three years. Two Duke of Cornwall's Scholarships, of ^2>° each, for 
 two years. Two Royal Scholarships of ;^is each, and a Royal Scholar- 
 ship of ;^25. Prize Medals, Free Admissions, and Books. 
 
 Fees, and Regulations of Admission Persons desirous of obtaining the 
 
 distinction of Associate of the Royal School of Mines, who have already acquii-ed a 
 knowledge of the subjects of the first two years, may proceed at once to the courses 
 of the third year, by passing the final Class Examinations in those subjects before the 
 Professors of the Royal School of Mines, and paying a Fee of one pound for each 
 Examination, Every Candidate for , Associateship must acquire a sufficient know- 
 ledge of the subjects enumerated in this table for the first and second years ; but in 
 the thu-d year he may confine himself to the Mining, Metallurgical, or Geological 
 divisions, and pass his final Examinations in the First Class in the subjects of one 
 of those divisions only. The public will be admitted to the Lectures on payment of 
 four pounds for each Course of Forty or more Lectures, and three pounds for the 
 Course of Thirty and under Forty Lectures. Certificates of Attendance will be 
 granted to all who attend the Lectures, but Students desirous of obtaining Certifi- 
 cates of Proficiency will be required to pass the Examinations. Persons following 
 the course of study, and passing the final Examinations in the First Class, are 
 entitled to receive an official Certificate with the title of Associate of the Royal 
 School of Mines, and will be entitled for life to have access to the Library and to 
 all the Courses of Lectures. The Fee for Students desirous of becoming Associates 
 is thirty pounds in one sum on entrance, or two annual payments of twenty pounds 
 each. The Chemical and Metallurgical Laboratories are open to all Students, 
 whether attending the Lectures or not. The charge for instruction in the Chemical 
 Laboratory is twelve pounds for three months, nine for two months, &-aAfive for one 
 month. This charge does not include the Fees for attending the Lectures. The 
 charge for instruction in the Metallurgical Laboratory is fifteen pounds for three 
 months; twelve pounds for two months; and seven pounds for one month. Each 
 Student on entering deposits ten shillings, in return for which he receives the keys of 
 his table and closet, and also a set of reagents. On delivering up the keys and the 
 set of reagents, after the completion of the period of his study, the deposit is 
 returned. Students engaged in qualitative analysis have to supply themselves with 
 a set of apparatus. Persons who have taken either a First or a Second-class Certifi- 
 cate in the advanced stage in any subject in science at the Examinations held by the 
 Science and Art Department, and who show that they are bond fide Science Teachers, 
 may attend the day Lectures gratuitously, provided that they be examined in at least 
 one subject, paying a Fee for such Examination of one pound per Course. Per- 
 petual Tickets are issued, which entitle the holder to attend all present and future 
 Courses of Lectures, upon payment oi forty pounds. Officers of the Army and Navy, 
 her Majesty's Consular and Diplomatic Officers, Officers of the Crown at home on 
 furlough, and acting Mine Agents and Managers of Mines are admitted to the Lec- 
 tures at half the above charges. 
 
 Sy order of the Secretary' of State for India, the Certificate of the Frofessor of 
 Metallurgy is received for appointments in the Mints of India. 
 
144 ■SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 IMPORTANCE OF KNOWLEDGE OF MINING. 
 
 No questibn can be raised as to the paramount importance of the production of 
 minerals to Great Britain. The total value of the metals and non-metallic minerals 
 raised annually in the United Kingdom is estimated at upwards of ;^40,ooo,ooo. A 
 popidation of between 400,000 and 500,000 persons is directly employed in their 
 extraction ; and if we were to follow up the course of these various mineral substances 
 until they fall into the hands of their respective consumers, we should find the total 
 value so enormously increased that we should need no further proof of the vast 
 amount of labour and gain which is based upon the produce of the mines, and of the 
 large number of our countrymen who derive more or less indirectly their employment 
 from the substances which nature has with a liberal hand distributed thioujrh the 
 rock masses of our islands. Moreover, we must not forget that the great gold dis- 
 coveries of the last few years, and the constant and increasing enterprises for the 
 working of other minerals in most of our colonies, viewed in connection with the 
 modem facilities of communication, have all to be taken into account in estimating 
 tlie importance to the empire of this widely-spread branch of industry. 
 
 The purpose of the Lectures on the Art of Mining is to impress on students the 
 principles which should form the basis of the various operations of the miner, and to 
 make them acquainted with examples of mining practice, as conducted under different 
 circumstances in this and otlier countries. 
 
 I. Detailed discussion of known facts connected with the deposits of the useful 
 minerals ; beds, strata, or seams ; stream-works ; lodes or mineral veins ; flats ; pipe 
 veins ; stock-works ; irregular masses ; heaves or dislocations, and rules for searching 
 for the dislocated and lost portion of a deposit. 
 
 II. Preliminary research, shoading, trenching, costeaning. 
 
 III. Boring, as practised with different apparatus, with rods or rope, with various 
 cutting and clearing implements. 
 
 IV. Tools employed in mining, in hard and in soft ground ; in collieries and in 
 metallic mines ; blasting by various methods. 
 
 V. Principles of employment of mining labour. 
 
 VI. Modes of gaining access to and lighting subterraneous cavities, including a 
 comparison of the various safety lamps. 
 
 VII. Levels and shafts, or the main openings to underground works ; driving 
 and sinking. 
 
 VIII. Means of securing excavations by timbering, masonry, and tubbing ; con- 
 struction of dams. 
 
 IX. Exploitation, or the working away of veins and of strata. 
 
 X. Carriage or transport of minerals through the underground roads. 
 
 XI. AVinding or raising in the shafts, with the machinery and apparatus required. 
 
 XII. Pumps and pumping engines. 
 
 XIII. Ventilation, its. principles and practice ; natural ventilation ; artificial 
 introduction of a moving power; distribution of air through the workings. 
 
 XIV. The mechanical preparation or dressing of ores and other minerals. 
 
 In addition to the above heads, there is another department of the subject which 
 should, perhaps, generally be taught in Mining Schools, and in which the great 
 advantage is prominent, that it may, in a comparatively short time, be thoroughly 
 and efficiently imparted to students. I refer to underground surveying or dialling. 
 It is under two points of view that the production of accurate plans and sections 
 attains a high degree of value — 1st, that we may thereby for present purposes obtain 
 a condensed view of all the facts connected with the works and explorations of a 
 mine ; 2ndly, that after temporary abandonment of the excavations, we may have 
 data to assist in the further prosecution of workings, and may avoid the destructive 
 and lamentable effects which have too often resulted from either the total want or the 
 inaccuracy of such sources of information. 
 
 Every new introduction of apparatus, every freshly- noticed natural phenomenon 
 to which the teacheis and students of mining can get access, is to be observed and 
 stored as a treasure. In this pursuit, as in other branches of civilisation, we ought 
 to be truly the "heirs of all ages." — Warington Smyth, M.A., F.R.S. 
 
 Registrar, Trenham Reeks, Esq., Science and Art Department, Ken- 
 sington, from whom further information may be obtained ; and also 
 particulars as to arrangements for Boarding, &c. 
 
GOVERNMENT SCIENCE AND ART SCHOOLS. 145 
 
 School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineer- 
 ings, South Kensington, in connection with the Science and Art 
 Department. For the instruction of Admiralty Pupils from the Royal 
 Dockyards, and Officers of the Royal Navy ; and also Naval Architects 
 and Shipbuilders in wood and iron. Marine Engineers, Foremen of Works, 
 Shipwrights, and other persons desirous of studying Naval Architecture. 
 The Lords of the Admiralty have deposited their collection of Naval 
 Models at the Museum ; and it is hoped that private shipbuilders will 
 assist in rendering the collection more complete. 
 
 The Course of Instruction is calculated to last for four years, on 
 the supposition that the Student comes with a fair knowledge of Drawing 
 and Practical Geometry, and an elementary knowledge of Mathematics 
 and Physics. So long as there is room in the School, however, it is not 
 intended to exclude Students whose education is less advanced. The 
 instruction embraces the subjects specified for the final Examinations. 
 While there is room. Students may be admitted to Special Classes, 
 without attending the general course. The School is open every year 
 from the ist of October to the 30th of April in the following year. 
 Students are expected to pass the summer five months in practical work, 
 either in a dockyard, or in marine engineering establishments, public or 
 private. Collateral Advantages. — Facilities for visiting the royal dock- 
 yards will be granted to Students of the School. Arrangements are 
 occasionally made for Students to visit public and private works. 
 
 Lectures. — Courses of Practical Lectures, which may be attended 
 separately, are given on such of the subjects of instruction as admit 
 of or require illustration by this means. The public will be admitted 
 to the full corresponding courses of Lectures on payment of a fee of 
 ;£^2, or to each separate Lecture on payment of is. Officers in her 
 Majesty's Service are admitted to the full course on payment of ;^io 
 per Session, and to the Lectures on payment of a fee of^^i. 
 
 Scholarships, &c. — Four free Studentships will be given in competi- 
 tion each year if qualified Candidates present themselves, and to the best 
 two of these. Scholarships of jQt^o per annum. They are open only to 
 Students who have joined the School at the commencement of the 
 Session. In case all of these be not filled up in any one year, Students 
 who have studied for one or two years may be recommended to com- 
 pete for as many Studentships and Scholarships as may not have been 
 filled up, if the Examination passed by them at the end of the Session 
 be satisfactory. 
 
 The subjects of the Competitive Examination for Scholarships 
 are as follows : — Pure Mathematics, including Arithmetic, Geometry, 
 Plane and Descriptive Trigonometry, and the Elements of the Dif- 
 ferential and Integral Calculus; Theoretical and Practical Mechanics 
 or Applied Mathematics; Practical Shipbuilding; Marine Engine 
 and Engineering; Physics; Chemistry; Mechanical and Professional 
 Drawing. Competitions take place in the School early in October. 
 No person will be permitted to compete who has not already been 
 admitted as a Student, and paid the fee, which will be returned to 
 him in the event of success. Students whose expenses are paid by 
 the Admiralty are not admitted to compete at these Examinations, nor 
 are they open to any but British subjects. 
 
 Inspection and Diplomas. — Students are examined at the end of 
 
146 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 each Session. At the end of the fourth Session they compete for Diplomas 
 of " Associate " or " Fellow " of the School. Diplomas will be given to 
 all persons, whether they have received their instrudion at the school or not, 
 who pass the final Examinations of the School, provided that they give 
 satisfactory evidence of having gone through the course of practical 
 work recommended by the Council of the Institution of Naval Archi- 
 tects. These Diplomas will be of two grades, according to the success 
 of the Candidate in the Examination, the title of the higher grade being 
 Fellow, and of the lower, Associate, of the Royal School of Naval 
 Architecture. These Examinations are held annually, towards the end 
 of April. 
 
 Fees.— The Fee for the full Course of Instruction is £2% for each Session of seven 
 months, or ;^8o for the Course of four Sessions. Students who have already paid 
 one Fee of;^25 are allowed to compound for the next three Sessions by a payment of 
 £ba at the commencement of the second Session. Students who have already paid 
 the Fees for two Sessions may compound for the two remaining Sessions on payment 
 of ;^42. Students allowed to join the School after Christmas are charged £,<, for 
 each remaining month of that Session, unless they prefer to compound. Propor- 
 tionate Fees will be charged to Students attending Special Classes only. 
 
 Principal, Charles W. Merrifield, Esq., F.R.S. - 
 
 The Principal will afford information to Parents and Guardians respecting the 
 Board and Lodging of those who desire to reside in the neighbourhood; and it is 
 recommended that the Students make arrangements to live within a radius of about a 
 mile from- the School. Letters pa^s free to the Department. 
 
 Whitworth Mechanical Science Scholarships. — In con- 
 nection with the Science and Art Department, South Kensington, 
 London, W. Sir Joseph Whitworth, Bart., RR.S., D.C.L., the 
 eminent mechanical Engineer, having placed at the disposal of 
 the Government _;£ioo,ooo, for the foundation of Scholarships of the 
 annual value of ;^ioo, tenable for two or three years, to be applied 
 for the further instruction of Young Men, natives of the United 
 Kingdom, selected by open competition for their intelligence and 
 proficiency in the theory and practice of Mechanics and the kindred 
 Sciences ; and having also provided for Exhibitions of the value of 
 ^£25 each, to be held for one year, with the view of enabling the holders 
 of them to prepare for the Competition for Scholarships, the following 
 Regulations have been promulgated by the Committee of Council on 
 Education : — 
 
 Regulations for the Examinations. — The Scholarships are of 
 the value of ;£ioo a year, and are tenable for three years. They are 
 open for competition to all her Majesty's subjects — whether of the 
 United Kingdom, India, or the Colonies — who are of sound bodily 
 constitution, and not more than twenty-six years of age. Ten Scholar- 
 ships are competed for annually, at Examinations which are partly in 
 Practical Workmanship, and partly in Theoretical Subjects. The Com- 
 petitions are in Two Classes, the Workmen's and the Students' — these 
 terms referring to differences of Educational acquirements, and not to 
 differences of age and status. In both Competitions the Examinations 
 embrace Workmanship and Theory. 
 
 The First Part of both Competitions will be in the following Theo- 
 retical Subjects : — Practical Geometry, Machine Drawing, Pure Mathe- 
 
GOVERNMENT SCIENCE AND ART SCHOOLS. 147 
 
 matics, Theoretical Mechanics, Applied Mechanics, Acoustics, Light 
 and Heat, Magnetism and Electricity, Inorganic Chemistry, Metallurgy, 
 Steam, and Freehand Drawing. The Competition each year is com- 
 plete in itself. No previous success in any subject can count. It is 
 therefore absolutely necessary for Candidates to be examined, each 
 year that they compete, in all the essential subjects — including Free- 
 hand Drawing — at least. The Second Part of the Competition 
 will be in Practical Workmanship, and the Workmen's Competition 
 will embrace one or more of the following Handicrafts :— Smiths' Work, 
 Turning, Filing and Fitting, Pattern Making and Moulding. The 
 Students' Competition will be in the use of one or more of the follow- 
 ing : — The Adze and Axe, the Saw and Plane, the Hammer and Chisel, 
 the File, the Forge, the Lathe, and Metal Turning. 
 
 The Competition in Practical Workmanship will follow the Exami- 
 nation in Theoretical Subjects. It will be held [as may be annually 
 appointed] in the first week in July, and the decision will be given by 
 the last week in July, if possible. The Competition will be arranged 
 as follows : — 
 
 A certain number of the candidates — ^whether workmen or students — who stand 
 highest in the theoretical marlcs, and who have qualified in the essential subjects, will 
 be given the opportunity of coming up for examination in practical work as treated 
 under the preceding head of students' competition. The number thus allowed to 
 come up will be determined by the number of marks obtained in theory considered in 
 reference to those obtainable in practice. A consideration of the relative proportions 
 of these will at once show what candidates have still a chance of success, and there- 
 fore to how many it is necessary to give the option of continuing in the competition. 
 Thus, supposing a large number of candidates had obtained upwards of 1,000 marks 
 in the theoretical examination, and 500 marks only were obtainable in practical work, 
 it is obvious that a candidate who had only obtained 500 marks in theory would have 
 no chance of obtaining a scholarship, and it would be useless to examine him further. 
 
 Independently of the foregoing, any workman who has qualified in the theoretical 
 subjects may send in his name to compete in the practical examination in the cate- 
 gory of workmen. The fact of a candidate competing as a workman will not affect 
 his competition as a student. That is to say, if a workman stands so high in the 
 theoretical examination that he is selected to continue in the students' competition in 
 practical work — which in other words means that he has obtained so many marks in 
 theory that high marks in the use of tools alone would probably secure him a scholar- 
 ship — he will not be debarred from competing as a workman also. 
 
 The competition under the head of workman will be arranged as follows. Thpse 
 who desire to compete as workmen will be required to furnish information, on forms 
 which will be provided for the purpose, as to their qualifications as workmen, rate of 
 wages, &c., accompanied, if necessary, by specimens of their work. This information 
 must be certified by their employers or their representatives. A certain number of 
 the candidates will then be selected to attend at Manchester to compete in one or 
 more of the handicrafts mentioned. 
 
 The question then as to whether a candidate shall be allowed to compete or not as 
 a workman will be decided by the probability of his success, as shown by his general 
 character as a workman considered in relation to the marks he has obtained in the 
 theoretical examination. Thus it will be evident that a moderately good workman 
 who has obtained but few marks can have no chance when there are a number of high- 
 class workmen who stand above him in the theoretical subjects. It will not then be 
 necessary to examine him further. 
 
 The eventual position of candidates in each class, whether as students or workmen, 
 will be determined by adding the marks obtained for workmanship to those obtained 
 in the theoretical examination. 
 
 When this has been done it may be found that the same candidate has obtained a 
 scholarship in both classes, i.e. both as a workman and as a student. If this be the 
 case, the class or category in which he is awarded a scholarship will be determined 
 by a consideration of the relative numbers of marks of the candidates who will thereby 
 be affected. It will be evident that if he be awarded a scholarship as a student, 
 
 L 2 
 
148 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 another ■workman will get a scholarship ; and if he be awarded a scholarship as a 
 workman, another student will get one. He will be awarded the scholarship in that 
 class by receiving it in which a scholarship will be left open to the workman or 
 student with the highest total number of marks. Thus : — 
 
 
 Workmen. 
 
 
 Total Marks 
 
 A. 
 
 100 
 
 B. 
 
 98 
 
 C. 
 
 95 
 
 D. 
 
 94 
 
 E. 
 
 92 
 
 F. 
 
 91 
 
 
 Students: 
 
 
 Total Marks 
 
 I. 
 
 90 
 
 K. 
 
 88 
 
 C. 
 
 85 
 
 L. 
 
 82 
 
 M. 
 
 81 
 
 N. 
 
 79 
 
 It will be seen thatC. is successful in both categories. He will receive the scholar- 
 ship as a " student," because by so doing he will leave a scholarship for F., who has a 
 larger total number of marks than N. 
 
 In deciding on the number of marks to be awarded for workmanship the Examiners 
 wiU, as a guide in framing their awards, assign the following relative values to the 
 classes of tools mentioned ; — 
 
 Marks. 
 The Forge . . . .10 
 The File .... 10 
 Hammer and Chisel . , 8 
 
 Marks. 
 
 iathe 8 
 
 Saw and Plane . . .6 
 Axe and Adze . . .6 
 
 But the total marks eventually awarded will be not merely an addition of marks 
 obtained in each description of work, but the numbers which the Examiners consider 
 represent the relative skill of the candidates as workmen generally. That is to say, 
 great skill in one handicraft or in the use of one class of tools will count more than 
 moderate skill in two or three, and, in the case of exceptional excellence, may have 
 the whole or nearly the whole marks for workmanship awarded to it. 
 
 Whitworth Scholarships are not tenable with the Royal Exhibitions 
 and Scholarships of the Science and.Art Department, nor vs^ith Admiralty 
 Studentships and Scholarships of the Royal School of Naval Architec- 
 ture and Marine Engineering. The holders of such Exhibitions, &c., 
 are, however, not debarred from competing for the Whitworth Scholar- 
 ships, and holding them if they resign the other assistance. 
 
 Examinations in Theoretical Subjects are held under Local Com- 
 mittees of the Government Science Schools and Classes ; and in Freehand 
 Drawing at any Government School of Art or Art Class. Candidates in 
 London, or the neighbourhood, who do not reside near any place where 
 a Local Committee has been formed, and arrangements made for an 
 Examination, may be examined at the South Kensington Museum, if 
 they send in their names before the I'^th April. A List of towns at which 
 Schools and Classes are held will be found in the Appendix, but appli- 
 cation for recent information, and the dates of Examinations, should be 
 made early each year to " The Secretary of the Science and Art Depart- 
 ment, South Kensington, London, W." [Letters pass post free to or 
 from the Department.] 
 
 Royal College of Chemistry, in connection with the Govern- 
 ment Science and Art Department.— The College is situated in Oxford 
 Street, London, and has lately become the property of the Government. 
 The Instruction embraces: i. A Course of Lectures on Experimental 
 Chemistry, with special reference to Arts and Manufactures. 2. A 
 Laboratory Course for the practice of Chemical Analysis. The Course 
 consists of about forty Lectures on Mineral Chemistry, and thirty on 
 Organic Chemistry. Chemical instruction in connection with the 
 
GOVERNMENT SCIENCE AND ART SCHOOLS. 149 
 
 R.OYAL School of Mines is now given at the Royal College of 
 Chemistry. 
 
 There are three Terms in the Collegiate Year, of three months each, 
 commencing in the first week of October, January, and April respectively. 
 The Laboratory hours are from ten a.m. to five p.m., with the exception 
 of Saturdays, when the Laboratory closes at two o'clock. 
 
 The Laboratory instruction is necessarily adapted to the previous 
 knowledge of the Student, such as he may have acquired by attending 
 the Chemical Lectures delivered at the Institution or elsewhere. The 
 Course commences with experimental exercises, calculated to make the 
 Pupil practically acquainted with the general properties of the simple 
 substances, and of their most important compounds. The next subjects 
 of his study are the analytical properties of bodies, i.e. those properties 
 on which their detection, their separation from one another, and their 
 estimation depend. The knowledge thus acquired is subsequently put 
 into practice in the performance of a series of analyses, so arranged 
 as to lead the Student, step by step, from the simpler to the more 
 complex cases, both of qualitative and quantitative analysis. Par- 
 ticular attention is paid to the use of the blow-pipe, and the various 
 methods of testing and estimating the value of commercial and indus- 
 trial products, alkalimetry, chlorimetry, and volumetrical analysis in 
 general. 
 
 The fundamental studies in Practical Chemistry are the same for all 
 Pupils, however different the future pursuit may be to which the know- 
 ledge obtained will be applied. It is only after the most important 
 methods of distinguishing, separating, and estimating substances have 
 been mastered, and after sufficient practice and skill in experimenting 
 have been acquired, that the course of each Student diverges into some 
 special line. This will of necessity vary with his abilities and his ulti- 
 mate objects. 
 
 Each Laboratory Student works independently, there being no classes. 
 All operations are superintended by the Professor and his Assistants. A 
 table with drawers, cupboards, and shelves, is appropriated to every 
 Pupil. The Institution supplies gas, fuel, and reagents. The larger and 
 more expensive instruments of the Laboratory, such as air-pumps, 
 thermometers, barometers, condensers, &c., may be used by the Students, 
 who are held responsible for their safety. The Students have to provide 
 themselves only with the apparatus specified in the Laboratory regulations. 
 More advanced Students engaged in private researches have to supply 
 themselves with such materials as are not included amongst the ordinary 
 reagents of the Laboratory. 
 
 Each Student on entering deposits los., for which he receives the keys 
 of his table and closet, and also a set of reagents. Students engaged in 
 Qualitative Analysis have to supply themselves with a set of apparatus 
 and weights. The reagents, gas, and fuel are supphed by the College, 
 as are also balances, barometers, thermometers, burettes, and graduated 
 vessels. In special scientific investigations, chosen by the Students 
 themselves, the substances investigated, or the materials for obtaining 
 . them, shall be found by the Students at their own expense, and also the 
 materials employed in the preparation, purification, and analysis of such 
 substances, when employed in large quantities or chemically pure, such 
 as ether, absolute alcohol, carbonate and caustic barytes, &c. The 
 
ISO SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 cheaper materials, such as sodic carbonate, acids, Sz:c., will be supplied 
 by the College. 
 
 Fees. — The charge for Instruction in the Laboratory is £\2 for three months ; £<) 
 for two months ; £^ for one month. The' Fees for Lectures amount to £i, for each 
 course of forty Lectures ; and ;^3 for each course of thirty and under forty Lectures. 
 
 Lecturer, E. Frankland, F.R.S. 
 
 Royal College of Science for' Ireland, Stephen's Green, 
 Dublin. In connection with the Science and Art Department. 
 Dean of Faculty, Sir Robert Kane, LL.D., F.R.S., M.R.I.A. The 
 College supplies a complete Course of Instruction in Science appli- 
 cable to the Industrial Arts, especially those which- may be classed under 
 the heads of Agriculture, Engineering, Manufactures, and Mining ; and 
 is also intended to aid in the instruction of Teachers for the Local Schools 
 of Science. 
 
 The Course of Instruction extends over three years, each year 
 being divided into two Terms. In the first two years the instruction is 
 general. In the last year it is specialised under the heads of Mining, 
 Agriculture, Engineering, and Manufactures. Subjects: — ^ Applied Ma- 
 thematics ; Descriptive Geometry and Mechanical Drawing ; Mechanism ; 
 Physics ; Chemistry, Theoretical and Practical ; Botany ; Zoology ; 
 Geology and Palaeontology; Mineralogy; Agricultural Science; Mining; 
 Applied Chemistry, including Metallurgy; Machinery; Surveying. A 
 Diploma of Associateship will be given to Students who pass in all the 
 subjects of the first two years, and in those of any one division of the 
 third year. They will be required to take the higher Pass, as " Pass 
 with Credit,'' in the following subjects :— a. Mining, Geology, Metal- 
 lurgy; B. Agriculture, Agricultural Chemistry; c. Applied Mathematics 
 (one course), Drawing, Engineering ; d. Applied Chemistry, Laboratory 
 ipractice. There are Chemical and Metallurgical Laboratories, a Library, 
 and Museum. The Course of Instruction is recognised by the Secretary 
 of State for India, as qualifying for appointments in the Engineering 
 Department. 
 
 Scholarships, &c. — ^There are four Royal Scholarships of ^£"50 yearly 
 each, with free education, tenable for two years ; two will become vacant 
 each year. They will be given to Students who shall have been a year 
 in the College. Nine Royal Exhibitions attached to the College, of 
 ;^5o each, with free education, tenable for three years. There are 
 also minor Prizes and Privileges awarded for success at Periodical 
 Examinations. 
 
 Fees. — £2 for each separate Course of Lectures. For Laboratory Practice, £z 
 per month, ,^5 for three months, or;^i2 for the entire Session. Short Courses of 
 Evening Lectures of a more popular character, and upon lower terms, are delivered 
 during Session. Students may enter for the separate Courses, and receive Certificates 
 after Examination. Students entering for the purpose of obtaining the Diploma of 
 Associate, or intending to compete for the Scholarships, pay ^f 10 each year, which 
 will admit them to all llie Courses of that year, exclusive of Laboratoiy— or ^25 for 
 the whole Studentship of three years. The holders of Royal Scholarehips or Royal 
 Exliibitions pay no Fees. 
 
 Secretary, F. J. Sidney, LL.D., M.R.I.A. 
 
 The numbers who during 1870 have attended these Schools, Museums, and other 
 Institutions receiving Parliamentary aid, considerably exceed those of 1869. There 
 is a very large increase in the number of persons receiving instruction in Science 
 
GOVERNMENT SCIENCE AND ART SCHOOLS. 151 
 
 applicable to Industry, which has risen from 24,865 in 1869 to 34,283 in 1870, or 
 upwards of 37 per cent. The number of individuals instructed in Art has also 
 increased from 157,198 to 187,986, or 19-5 per cent. The Lectures at the South 
 Kensington Museum were attended by 27,761 persons. At the Royal School of 
 Mines there were 17 regular, and 124 occasional Students; at the Royal College of 
 Chemistry, 121 Students; at the Royal School of Naval Architecture there were 40; 
 and at the Metallurgical Laboratory, 24. The Evening Lectures at the Royal 
 School of Mines were attended by 2,574 artisans, school teachers, and others ; and 
 243 science teachers attended the special course of lectures provided for their instruc- 
 tion. At the Royal College of Science, Ireland, there were 17 Associate or regular 
 Students, and 21 occasional Students. The various courses of Lectures delivered in 
 connection with the department in Bublin were attended by 1,152 persons; and at 
 the Evening Lectures, which were given at the Edinburgh Museum of Science and 
 Art during the session 1869-70, there was an attendance of 1,195. The total number 
 of persons; therefore, who received direct instruction as Students, or by means of 
 Lectures, in connection with the Science and Art Department in 1870, was upwards 
 of 254,000, showing an increase, as compared with the number in the previous year, of 
 67,000, or nearly 36 per cent., and an increase in the rate of progress of 8 per cent., 
 the numbers in 1869 having been nearly 28 per cent, higher than in 1868. The 
 Museums and Collections under the superintendence of the Department in London, 
 Dublin, and Edinburgh, have been visited during the past year by 1,847,929 persons, 
 showing an increase of 49,087 on the number in 1869. The attendance at the Art 
 and Educational Libraries at South Kensington, and at the Library of the Royal 
 Dublin Society, continues to increase — the number of readers in 1870 having been 
 1809, or 3-7 per cent, more than in the previous year, the respective totals being 
 48,244 in 1869, and 50,053 in 1870. The returns received of the numbers of visitors 
 at local Art and Industrial Exhibitions, including the Workmen's International 
 Exliibition at Islington, to which objects were contributed from the South Ken- 
 sington Museum, show an attendance of upwards of 816,000, the number in 1869 
 having been 338,000. Thus it appears from the returns of the different Institutions 
 and Exhibitions, by means of which Instruction in Science and Art is afforded in 
 connection with the Department, that the total number of separate attendances during 
 the year 1870 has been upwards of 2,973,000, or 25 per cent, more than in 1869, 
 when it was 2,372,000. 
 
 The following results, with reference to the Training Schools and the 
 award of Queen's Prizes, Medals, &c., bring the statistics down to the 
 close of the Session 1870-1: — 
 
 Forty Students in training, and nineteen National Scholars have received allow- 
 ances of from los. to 40s. a week ; six Students in training have been appointed to 
 Masterships of Schools of Art. 
 
 As a Normal School, the number of the Students of all classes who paid fees 
 during the year ending 31st July, 1870, was 565 males and 429 females — total, 994. 
 The amount of fees was ^2,623 14s. ; of this sum ^f 442 12s. was paid by " evening " 
 Students only ; and the balance, ;f2,l8l 2S., by day Students. 
 
 The fees have increased over those of the preceding year ^f 38 1 8s. 
 
 The number of individual Students increased from 895 to 994. 
 
 In this number are included 114 Artisans, 14 Schoolmasters, and 17 Schoolmis- 
 tresses. 
 
 The Schools were open 205 days during the year ; the smallest attendance recorded 
 was 171, on the opening day; the largest, 400, on February 4th, 1870. The total 
 number of attendances recorded for the whole year was 60,959 ; and the average daily 
 attendance, 297. 
 
 The results of the Annual Examination in 1870 were as follows : — Of Certificates 
 of the third or highest grade thirteen were taken, seven first or elementary being taken 
 by Students not then in receipt of allowances. 
 
 At the National Competition, three Gold Medals, two Silver Medals, six Bronze 
 Medals, six Books or Queen's Prizes, and thirteen Third Grade Prizes in the 
 Elementary Stages, or Local Prize Section, were won by Students of the Male 
 School. Four Silver Medals, four Bronze Medals, six Books or Queen's Prizes, and 
 twenty-eight Third Grade Prizes in the Elementary Stages, or Local Prize Section, 
 were won by Students of tlie Female School. 
 
 These results have been exceeded during the year 1870-1, so far as the number 
 under inspection is concerned; while the fees paid have increased from;^2,623 to 
 
 ;f2,82I. 
 
152 
 
 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS FOR 
 GOVERNMENT APPOINTMENTS. 
 
 By an Order in Council, it has been declared expedient to continue, 
 with certain amendments, the provisions for testing the qualifications of 
 persons who may, from time to time, seek employment, either perma- 
 nently or temporarily, in any of her Majesty's Civil Establishments. 
 These Examinations will in future extend not only to the Home Services, 
 but to the great and growing Departments of the Civil Service of 
 India, including the Indian Civil Engineering and Forest Services, 
 the Indian Telegraph Department, and the Indian Medical Ser- 
 vice. Competitive Examinations are also held for Commissions in 
 THE Army, for Cadetships, and for the Army and Navy Medical 
 Services. Most of these Examinations are conducted by Examiners 
 appointed by the Civil Service Commissioners. But the Examinations 
 for the India Telegraph Department are conducted by Examiners 
 appointed by the Indian Pubhc Works Department. 
 
 The following is an amended List, according to the most recent Regu- 
 lations, of the Departments to which the principle of Open Competition 
 is in future to be applied : — 
 
 Registry of Seamen. 
 
 Registry of Joint Stock Companies. 
 
 Emigration Office. 
 
 Science and Art Department. 
 
 London Gazette Office. 
 
 County Courts Judgments Registry. 
 
 Office of Examiners of Criminal Law 
 Accounts. 
 
 Doclc Yard Services. 
 
 Queen's and Lord Treasurer's Remem- 
 brancer's Office (Scotland). 
 
 Chief Secretary's Office (Ireland). 
 
 Constabulary Office (Ireland). 
 
 Directors of Convict Prisons' Office (Ire- 
 land). 
 
 Office of Inspectors-General of Prisons 
 (Ireland). 
 
 General Register Office (Ireland). 
 
 Registrar of Petty Sessions Clerks' Office 
 (Ireland). 
 
 Inspectors of Lunatic Asylums' Office 
 (Ireland). 
 
 Registry of Deeds (Ireland). 
 
 Public Works Office (Ireland). 
 
 Dublin Metropolitan Police Office. 
 
 Divisional Justices' Offices, Dublin. 
 
 Treasury. 
 
 Privy Council Office. 
 
 Colonial Office. 
 
 India Office. 
 
 War Office. 
 
 Admiralty. 
 
 Board of Trade. 
 
 Poor Law Board. 
 
 Privy Seal Office. 
 
 Customs. 
 
 Inland Revenue. 
 
 Paymaster-General's Department. 
 
 Civil Service Commission. 
 
 General Post Office (Clerks in Secretary's 
 
 Department). 
 Mint. 
 
 Exchequer and Audit Department. 
 General Register Office. 
 Office of Works. 
 Office of Woods, &c. 
 National Debt Office. 
 Public Record Office. 
 Stationery Office. 
 Charity Commission. 
 Education Office. 
 Registry of Designs. 
 
 The following are General Rules, which apply to Examinations to 
 qualify for Employments in the numerous branclnes of the above Govern- 
 mental Departments. No person may hereafter be appointed to any 
 Office or Employment in the above Departments until he shall be 
 reported by the Commissioners to have satisfied them : — 
 
 I St. That he is within the limits of age prescribed for the situation or 
 employment to which he desires to be admitted. 
 
GOVERNMENT COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS. 153 
 
 2nd. That he is free from any physical defect or disease which would 
 be likely to interfere with the proper discharge of his duties. 
 
 3rd. That his character is such as to qualify him for such situation or 
 employment; and, 
 
 4th. That he possesses the requisite knowledge and ability to enter on 
 the discharge of his official duties. 
 
 Examinations are held in England, Ireland, and Scotland. In England, 
 generally at the University of London ; in Edinburgh and Dublin, at the 
 Universities, and at the Queen's Colleges, Cork, Galway, and Belfast. 
 The Examinations do not take place at regular intervals, but are 
 announced from time to time, as the exigencies of the public services 
 may require. These announcements appear in the London Gazette, and 
 generally in the chief London and provincial newspapers. Applications 
 may be made in accordance with the announcements for copies of the 
 printed papers issued by the Departments. Letters pass free of postage 
 to and from Government Departments. Applications should be briefly 
 and plainly written, and enclosed in large envelopes. The Commis- 
 sioners cannot advise Candidates as to their Course of Reading, nor do 
 they recommend particular Tutors, or places of Education, nor give 
 information, other than is afforded by the printed papers, as to salaries, 
 duties, course of promotion, &c. 
 
 These Competitive Examinations having assumed a great and growing 
 importance as a means of promotion to Government employment, most 
 of the leading Educational Institutions have made special arrangements 
 for bringing forward Candidates ; and care has been taken in these pages 
 to indicate the Colleges and Schools in which special attention is given 
 to this object. Students will receive every assistance from their Tutors 
 in their applications to the Departments in respect to which they desire 
 to compete. The following Regulations relating to the chief Depart- 
 ments will afford a general view of the proficiency to be aimed at, and 
 supply numerous other particulars : — 
 
 Civil Service. — On certain appointed days Examinations will be 
 held, the Candidates for which must satisfy the Commissioners : — i. 
 That their age on the first day of the Examination will not be less than 
 eighteen nor more than twenty-four. 2. That their health and character 
 are such as to qualify them for admission to the Service. 3. That they 
 have passed the Preliminary Examination. 
 
 I. Preliminary Examinations, for the purpose of deciding who 
 shall be admitted to competition, will be held in London, Edinburgh, 
 and Dublin (and other places), on certain appointed days. The following 
 form the subjects of the Preliminary Examination : — 
 
 1. Handwriting. 
 
 2. Orthography. 
 
 ■3. Arithmetic (to vulgar and decimal fractions). 
 
 4. English Composition. 
 
 No Candidate who fails to satisfy the Commissioners of his competence 
 in each of these subjects will be admitted to the next Competitive 
 Examination, or to any similar Preliminary Test Examination which may 
 be held within a period of three months. 
 
 Application for permission to undergo Preliminary Examination must 
 
154 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 be made to " Her Majesty's Civil Service Commissioners, Cannon Row, 
 Westminster, London," a fortnight at least before the date on which 
 the Candidate wishes to attend. [The date of the Examinations, and 
 the places at which they are to be held, should be ascertained pre- 
 viously, by application to the Commissioners for the Programme of the 
 next ensuing Examinations.] All communications must be by letter, in 
 the handwriting of the Candidate making the application. 
 Fee.— Each Candidate attending this Examination will be required to •gs.y £\. 
 
 II. The Competitive Examinations for Superior Clerkships, &c., 
 will embrace the following branches of knowledge, and such others as 
 the Commissioners may determine : — 
 
 The merit of the persons examined will be estimated by marks ; and 
 the number set opposite to each branch denotes the greatest number of 
 
 marks that can be obtained in respect of it. 
 
 Marks. 
 
 English Composition (including Precis-writing) . . . . 5°° 
 
 History of England — including that of the Laws and Constitution . £00 
 
 English Language and Literature S°° 
 
 Language, Literature, and History of Greece 75° 
 
 » » Rome 7SO 
 
 „ „ „ France 375 
 
 „ ,, „ Germany .... 375 
 
 Italy 375 
 
 Mathematics (pure and mixed) i,2S° 
 
 Natural Science; that is, (i) Chemistry, including Heat; (2) Elec- 
 tricity and Magnetism ; {3) Geology and Mineralogy ; (4) Zoo- 
 logy; (5) Botany i,Q0O 
 
 *ji,* The total (1,000) marks may be obtained by adequate proficiency 
 in any two or more of the five branches of science included under 
 this head. 
 
 Moral Sciences : that is, Logic, Mental and Moral Philosophy . . 500 
 
 Jurisprudence 375 
 
 Political Economy 375 
 
 Additional subjects (each) 5°° 
 
 Candidates are at liberty to name any or all of these branches of knowledge. No 
 subjects are obligatory. 
 
 Fee. — Each candidate attending this Examination will be required to pay ;f5' 
 
 No Candidate will be allowed any marks in respect of any subject of 
 Examination, unless he shall be considered to possess a competent know- 
 ledge of that subject. 
 
 The Examination will be conducted by means of printed questions 
 and written answers, and by vivA voce Examination, as may be deemed 
 necessary. 
 
 The marks obtained by each Candidate, in respect of the subjects in 
 which he shall have been examined, will be added up, and the Candidates 
 who shall have obtained a greater aggregate number of such marks than 
 any of the remaining Candidates will be deemed to be selected, and 
 will be entitled to be employed on probation in Clerkships or other situa- 
 tions which may be vacant, or may become vacant, subject to the Rules 
 of the respective Departments. 
 
 The particular Departments and situations to which the selected Can- 
 didates may be appointed will be determined by their own choice. 
 Vacancies, as they occur, will be announced by the chiefs of the various 
 Departments to the Commissioners, who will communicate with the 
 .qualified Candidates next in order of choice. 
 
GOVERNMENT COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS. 155 
 
 Every selected Candidate, after being assigned to a Department, will 
 enter on a period of probation, and he will not remain in the Service 
 after Six Montlis from the date of his appointment, unless satisfactory- 
 proofs of his fitness shall have been furnished to the chief of such Depart- 
 ment, and a Certificate of his qualification shall have been issued by the 
 Commissioners. 
 
 A Schedule of Departments and Situations to be Competed for, 
 according to the preceding Regulations, will be furnished to the Candi- 
 date by the Commissioners at the time of his application. 
 
 III. Examinations for Clerkships, Supplementary Clerkships, 
 AND OTHER SITUATIONS. — These Examinations will be held in London, 
 Edinburgh, and Dublin (and other places). Candidates must satisfy the 
 Commissioners : — 
 
 1. That their age, on the first day of the Examination, wiU not be less 
 than sixteen nor more than twenty. 
 
 2. That their health and character are such as to qualify them, in these 
 respects, for the employment which they seek. 
 
 3. That they have passed a Preliminary Examination in the following 
 subjects : — 
 
 1. Handwriting. 
 
 2. Orthography. 
 
 3. Arithmetic (vulgar and decimal fractions). 
 
 Fee. — Candidates of this class will be required to pay los. 
 
 IV. At the Competitive Examination exercises will be set in the fol- 
 lowing subjects, and in such other subjects as the Commissioners may 
 determine ; and the Candidates' performances will be valued in marks 
 according to their relative merit ; the maximum of marks for each subject 
 being fix^ as follows, viz. : — ■ 
 
 Handwriting ......... 400 
 
 Orthography ......... 400 
 
 Arithmetic .......... 400 
 
 Copying MS. (to test accuracy) 200 
 
 Indexing or Docketing ....... 200 
 
 Digesting Returns into Summaries 200 
 
 English Composition 200 
 
 Geography .......... 200 
 
 English History 200 
 
 Book-keeping 200 
 
 Additional subjects (each) ....... 200 
 
 Candidates will be at hberty to offer themselves for examination in any or all of 
 these subjects. No subjects are obligatory. 
 Fee. — Candidates for this Examination 'p&y £1. 
 
 The general Regulations which prevail as to Examinations I. and II., 
 apply also to Examinations III. and IV. 
 
 V. Examinations for Temporary Employment as Writers, &c. — 
 A Register of persons eligible for temporary Employment as Writers in 
 the Departments will be framed and kept at the Offices of the Service. 
 
 Writers may be either Men or Boys. In each case the duration of 
 service will depend upon the wants of the Departments in which they 
 may be serving ; but no service, however prolonged, will confer any 
 claim to superannuation or compensation allowance. Boy Writers will 
 not be retained as such after they have reached the age of nineteen years. 
 
 Writers will be paid either by the piece, or by the hour, day, or week, 
 
156 SOMS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 according to the practice of the Department to which they may for the 
 time be attached, and at such rates "of remuneration as may be from time 
 to time sanctioned by the Commissioners of the Treasury. 
 
 Examinations, for the purpose of selecting the persons whose names 
 are to be entered on the Register referred to, will be held by the Com- 
 missioners from time to time, as they may deem necessary, in the follow- 
 ing subjects : — ■ 
 
 MEN WRITERS. 
 
 1. Handwriting. I 3. Arithmetic (elementary). 
 
 2. Orthography. j 4. Copying Manuscript. 
 
 5. (Optional) Proportion, Practice, and Vulgar and Decimal Fractions. 
 
 BOY WRITERS. 
 
 I. Handwriting. | z. Orthography. | 3. Arithmetic (elementary). 
 
 Great importance will be attached to the clear formation of the letters of the 
 alphabet, and also of figures. 
 
 Candidates must pass in Elementary Arithmetic. Marks will also be given for 
 proficiency in the higher rules. 
 
 The limits of age will be : — For Men Writers, nineteen to thirty ; except' in the 
 following cases : — Pensioners from the army, navy, or Irish constabulary, and soldiers 
 discharged after ten years' service, will be eligible up to fifty. Persons now employed 
 as writers in any Government Department, whose service commenced before June 4, 
 1870, will be eligible up to any age, if recommended to the Civil Service Commis- 
 sioners by the chief authorities of the Department in which they are serving. For 
 Boy Writers, fourteen to eighteen. 
 
 The engagement of all Writers, not engaged for a shorter period, will be by the 
 week. Writers may also be engaged by the day, or the hour, as may be found 
 advisable. Boy Writers will not be retained, as such, after they shall have reached 
 the age of nineteen. 
 
 The pay of Men AVriters, engaged by time, will be at the rate of lod. per hour. 
 No greater number of hours than those constituting an oflficial day in each Depart- 
 ment may be charged for without previous authority from the chiefs of the Department. 
 Those engaged by the piece wiU be paid at the rate of ijd. for every 100 words well 
 and correctly copied, or at such other rates for special kinds of work as may be deter- 
 mined by the Civil Service Commissioners with the approval of the Commissioners of 
 the Treasury. 
 
 The remuneration of Boy Writers engaged by time will be at the rate of 4d. per 
 hoar ; an addition of Jd. per hour being allowable by the Civil Service Commissioners 
 at the end of each year of approved service. Should any Boy Writers be engaged by 
 the piece, they will be paid at such rates as may be fixed by tlie Civil Service Commis- 
 sioners with the approval of the Lords Commissioners of tlie Treasury. 
 
 No person who has been trained, either wholly or partially, at the public expense, 
 for the occupation of a teacher in schools in connection with the Committee of 
 Council for Education, or the Board of National Education, Ireland, is eligible for 
 employment as a Writer, unless he shall have first obtained the consent of the 
 Treasury. 
 
 Fee. — The fees payable upon Examination are, Ss. for men, 2s. 6d. for boys. 
 
 After their names have been placed upon the Register, Writers will be 
 summoned for Employment when, and for such time as, their services 
 may be needed ; the order in which they may be employed, and the 
 Departments to which they may be assigned, being determined on each 
 occasion by the Commissioners. 
 
 VI. Examination for the Situation of Assistant of Excise in 
 THE Department of Inland Revenue. — i. Candidates will be required 
 to satisfy the Civil Service Commissioners that they are natural-born 
 subjects of her Majesty ; between the ages of nineteen and twenty-two 
 on the day of the Examination ; that they are unmarried, and without 
 family, and of good health and character. 
 
GOVERNMENT COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS. 157 
 
 2. Candidates who have served as Pupil Teachers or Schoolmasters 
 in schools under inspection by the Committee of Council on Education, 
 England, or by the Commissioners of National Education, Ireland, will 
 be reported specially to those Departments, and such of them as have 
 been trained in Normal Schools at the public expense will not be quali- 
 fied to receive appointments until the consent of those Departments and 
 the concurrence of the Treasury therein has been notified to the Civil 
 Service Commissioners. 
 
 3. The Examination will be in the following subjects, viz. : — 
 
 Marks. 
 
 1. Handwriting ..... 200 
 
 2. Orthography ..... 200 
 
 3. Arithmetic (to Vulgar and Decimal Fractions) 300 
 
 4. English Composition .... 200 
 
 4. Candidates failing in any of the above-named subjects will not be 
 eligible. 
 
 Second-Class Assistants of Excise receive a salary of £,60 per annum, 
 with an additional allowance of 2s. per diem when actively employed. 
 They are eligible for promotion to higher situations. 
 
 A Fee oi£i will be required from each Candidate. ^ 
 
 VII. Boy Clerkships in the Circulation Department of the 
 General Post Office. — ^Applications for these situations may be made 
 by candidates personally at the Office of the Civil Service Commissioners, 
 Cannon Row, Westminster, on such days as may be appointed by the 
 Regulations last issued. The limits of age for the situation are from 
 fourteen to sixteen. Height, 4 feet 10 inches. 
 
 Candidates will, at the time of their application, be required to write 
 well and correctly a short passage from dictation, to answer some 
 questions in elementary geography, and to add up correctly two or three 
 columns of figures. 
 
 A Competitive Examination will be held at a time and place which 
 will be communicated to each Candidate by letter from the Office of the 
 Civil Service Commissioners. 
 
 The subjects of the Competitive Examination will be : — 
 
 1. Cop)dng and Writing from Dictation. 
 
 2. Geography. 
 
 3. Arithmetic, including Reduction, Rule of Three, and Practice. 
 The Boy Clerks in the Circulation Department, so long as they remain 
 
 in their class, must reside in or near London, and either with their 
 parents or guardians. Their employment will not give them any claim 
 to superannuation, compensation, gratuity, or other allowance. 
 
 Their services will be dispensed with at any time on the score of 
 inefficiency, ill-health, or misconduct, or upon their attaining the age of 
 ?iineteen. But the Postmaster General will be ready to consider applica- 
 tions from them to be appointed to the Permanent Establishment. The 
 Boy Clerks in the Circulation Department will be employed for sorting 
 purposes. 
 
 The Scale of Salary is £\^ a year, rising by ;^5 annually to ^80. 
 The Scale of the Class above is ;^8o, rising to ;f 240 a year. The hours 
 of attendance are from 5 a.m. to 9 a.m., and from 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. But 
 they may be called on duty at other times when needed. 
 
15S SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Indian Civil Service. — The following Regulations for Open 
 Competition have been issued. These Regulations, and the dates of 
 the Examinations, are liable to be altered from year to year ; but the 
 general character of the Course of Study, the preliminary qualifications, 
 and ultimate advantages, will be always nearly the same. Intending 
 Candidates should make application, at the commencement of any 
 year, for particulars of the arrangements for the year ensuing. 
 
 On ; and following days, an Examination of Candidates will be held in 
 
 London. At this Examination not fewer than Candidates will be selected, if 
 
 so many shall be found duly qualified. Of these, will be selected for the Presi- 
 dency of Bengal [-; — for the Upper Provinces, and for the Lower Provinces], 
 
 for that of Madras, and for that of Bombay. 
 
 Any person desirous of competing at this Examination must produce to the Civil 
 Service Commissioners, before the , evidence showing : — That he is a natural- 
 bom subject of her Majesty. That his age, on the , will be above seventeen 
 
 years and under twenty-one years. [In the case of Natives of India this must be 
 certified by the Government of India, or of the Presidency or Province in which the 
 Candidate may have resided.] That he has no disease, constitutional affection, or 
 bodily infirmity unfitting him, or likely to unfit him, for the Civil Service of India. 
 
 That he is of good moral character ; and must also, before the , pay to the said 
 
 Commissioners such fee as the Secretary of State for India may prescribe. 
 
 Fee. — The Fee for this Examination iS;^5. 
 
 Should the evidence upon these points be satisfactory to the Civil Service Com- 
 missioners, the Candidate will, upon payment of the Fee, be admitted to the Examina- 
 tion. The Commissioners may^ however, in their discretion, at any time prior to 
 the grant of the Certificate of Quahfication hereinS.fter referred to, institute such 
 further inquiries as they may deem necessary ; and if the result of such inquiries, in 
 the case of any Candidate, sHbuld be unsatisfactory to them in any of the above 
 respects, he will be ineligible for admission to the Civil Service of India, and, if 
 already selected, will be removed from the position of a Probationer. 
 
 The Examination will take place only in the following branches of knowledge : — 
 
 ' Marks. 
 
 English Composition 500 
 
 History of England — including that of the Laws and Con- 
 stitution 500 
 
 500 
 750 
 750 
 375 
 375 
 375 
 1,250 
 
 Enghsh Language and Literature . 
 
 Language, Literature, and History of Greece 
 ,, ,, ,, Rome 
 
 ,, ,, „ France 
 
 ,, ,, ,, Germany . 
 
 „ „ „ Italy 
 
 Mathematics (pure and mixed) . 
 
 Natural Science: thai is, (i) Chemistry, including Heat; 
 (2) Electricity and Magnetism ; (3) Geology and Mineralogy ; 
 (4) Zoology; (5) Botany 1,000 
 
 * ^* The total (1,000) marks maybe obtained by adequate pro- 
 ficiency in any two or more of the five branches of science 
 included under this head. 
 
 Moral Sciences : that is, Logic, Mental and Moral Philosophy . 500 
 
 Sanscrit Language and Literature 500 
 
 Arabic Language and Literature 500 
 
 Candidates are at liberty to name, before , any or all of these branches of 
 
 knowledge. No subjects are ohligAtery. The merit of the persons examined will be 
 estimated by marks ; and the number set opposite to each branch in the preceding 
 regulation denotes the greatest number of marks that can be obtained in respect of it. 
 No Candidate will be allowed any marks in respect of any subject of examination 
 unless he shall be considered to possess a competent knowledge of that subject. 
 " Nothing can be further from our wish than to hold out premiums for knowledge of 
 wide surface and of small depth. We are of opinion that a Candidate ought to be 
 
 allowed no credit at all for taking up a subject in which he is a mere smatterer." 
 
 Report of Committee of 1854. A deduction of marks will be made under each 
 subject, including Mathematics. The Examination will be conducted by means of 
 
GOVERNMENT COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS. 159 
 
 printed questions and \nritten answers, and by mva -voce Examination, as may be 
 deemed necessary. 
 
 The marks obtained by each Candidate, in respect of each of the subjects in which 
 
 he shall have been examined, will be added up, and the names of the Candidates 
 
 who shall have obtained a greater aggregate number of marks than any of the 
 remaining Candidates will be set forth in order of merit, and such Candidates shall 
 be deemed to be selected Candidates for the Civil Service of India, provided they 
 appear to be in other respects duly qualified ; and shall be permitted to choose, 
 according to the order in which they stand, as long as a choice remains, the Presi- 
 dency (and in Bengal, the division of the Presidency) to which they shall be 
 appointed. This right must be exercised immediately after the result of the Exaipiua- 
 tion is announced, on such day as may be fixed by the Civil Service Commissioners. 
 Should any of the selected Candidates become disqualified, the Secretary of State for 
 India will determine whether the vacancy thus created shall be filled up or not. In 
 the former case, the Candidate next in order of merit, and in other respects duly 
 qualified, shall be deemed to be a selected Candidate. 
 
 Selected Candidates, before proceeding to India, will be on probation for two 
 years, during which time they will be examined periodically, with a view of testing 
 their progress in the following subjects. Full instructions as to the course of study to 
 be pursued will be issued to the successful Candidates as soon as possible after the 
 result of the Open Competition is declared : — 
 
 1. Oriental Languages : — Marks. 
 
 Sanscrit .......... ^QO 
 
 Vernacular* Languages of India (each) .... 400 
 
 2. The History and Geography of India 350 
 
 3. Law I1250 
 
 4. Political Economy 350 
 
 In these Examinations, as. in the Open Competition, the merit of the Candidates 
 examined wiU be estimated by marks, and the number set opposite to each subject 
 denotes the greatest number of marks that can be obtained in respect of it at any one 
 Examination. The last of these Examinations will be held at the close of the second 
 year of probation, and will be called the " Final Examination," at which it will be 
 decided whether a selected Candidate is qualified for the Civil Service of India. 
 
 Any Candidate who, at any of the periodical Examinations, shall appear to have 
 wilfully neglected his studies, or to be physically incapacitated for pursuing the pre- 
 scribed course of training, will be liable to have his name removed from the list of 
 selected Candidates. 
 
 No Candidate will be permitted to proceed to India before he shall have passed 
 the Final Examination, and received a Certificate of Qualification from the Civil 
 Service Commissioners, or after he shall have attained the age of twenty-four years. 
 
 The selected Candidates M'ho, at the Final Examination, shall be found to 
 have a competent knowledge of the subjects specified, and who shall have 
 satisfied the Civil Service Commissioners of their eligibility in respect of age, health, 
 and character, shall be certified by the said Commissioners to be entitled to be 
 appointed to the Civil Service of India, provided they shall comply with the regula- 
 tions in force, at the time, for that Service. 
 
 The seniority in the Civil Service of India of the selected Candidates shall be 
 determined according to the order in which they stand on the list resulting from the 
 Final Examination. 
 
 The Secretary of State for India in Council has authorised the Civil Service Com- 
 missioners to state that it is his intention to allow the sum of ;^SO after each of the 
 first three half years of probation, and^fiso after the last half year, to each selected 
 Candidate who shall have passed the required Examinations. 
 
 All selected Candidates will be required, after having passed the second periodical 
 Examination, to attend at the India Office for the purpose of entering into an agree- 
 ment binding themselves, amongst other things, to refund in certain cases the amount 
 of their allowance in the event of their failing to proceed to India. For a Candidate 
 under age a surety will be required. 
 
 After passing the Final Examination, each Candidate will be required to attend 
 again at the India Office, with the -view of entering into covenants and giving a bond 
 
 • Including, besides the languages prescribed for the several Presidencies, such 
 other languages as may, with me approval of the Commissioners, be taken up as 
 subjects of examination. 
 
i6o SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 for ;f 1,000, jointly with two sureties, for the due fulfilment of the same. Irlie stamps 
 payable on these documents amount to £■>, los. 
 
 Candidates rejected at the Final Examination of 1873 will not be allowed to pre- 
 sent themselves for re-examination. 
 
 Leave of Absence. — The following are the kinds of Leave allowed : — 
 
 Leave on medical certificate ; leave on private affairs and furlough ; privilege leave ; 
 preparatory or additional leave. 
 
 Leave on Private Affairs and Furlough wUl be granted by Government, or by 
 authorised officers, on sufficient cause being shown, and when the concession of the 
 indulgence may in no way interfere with the interest of the public service. When an 
 officer on leave in England is permitted by the Home Government to return to duty by 
 a particular vessel, this permission, if necessary, will be held equivalent to an extension 
 of leave until the arrival in India of the vessel on which the officer is permitted to 
 return. 
 
 Leave on Medical Certificate, with allowances, must in no case exceed three years 
 in aU, and not more than two years may be taken at one time. Subject to these 
 restrictions, leave within Indian limits may be granted, with allowances, on Medical 
 Certificate, as often as sufficient cause is shown ; but beyond Indian Umits, such leave 
 cannot be granted more than twice during the whole period of service. Should any 
 further leave be applied for on Medical Certificate, it may be granted, but without any 
 allowance. Preparatory Leave counting as service towards pension can only be 
 admitted in regard to two periods of leave. 
 
 Leave on Private Affairs and Furlough, with retention of office, may be granted as 
 follows : — Leave on Private Affairs — For six months in one period, which leave may 
 be repeated after intervals of six years. Or a Furlough — For one year after ten 
 years' service, and a second Furlough, also for one year, after eighteen years' service 
 in India — such absence being limited to two years during the whole period of service.. 
 On taking leave under the preceding rule for the first time, an officer must decide 
 whether he will apply for Leave on Private Affairs or for Furlough, and, having once 
 exercised his option and obtained leave accordingly, he will not, during the remainder 
 of his service, be eligible to the other description of leave. Furlough and Leave on 
 Private Affairs, taken in India, will reckon from the date of leaving office to the date 
 of return thereto. Furlough and Leave on Private Affairs, taken beyond India, will 
 reckon from the sailing of the vessel on which the officer embarks to the date of his 
 return to India. Furlough or Leave on Private Affairs caimot be taken in continua- 
 tion of Privilege Leave. 
 
 Privilege Leave, when it can be granted without injury to the Service, and without 
 additional expense to the State, may be allowed for not more than one month in each 
 calendar year, to be taken either in one period or in not more than two instalments. 
 Privilege Leave may also be allowed to accumulate up to a limit of three months. 
 Privilege Leave for one month in each calendar year may be allowed to officere who 
 have not been absent on leave for eleven months immediately preceding ; unless 
 they took their last Privilege Leave in two instalments, in which case the indulgence 
 will not be available until eleven months after the expiration of the first instalment, 
 and six months after the expiration of the second instalment of the previous year's 
 Privilege Leave. 
 
 Preparatory or Additional Leave is allowed to officers proceeding to or from a 
 sanatarium on Medical Certificate, or to or from the port of embarkation from India 
 to Europe on Private Affairs, Furlough, or Medical Certificate, and is limited to such 
 period as the authority granting leave may think sufficient. Officers proceeding from 
 Presidency towns, on sick leave beyond sea, will be allowed fourteen days for pre- 
 paration. 
 
 Officers retiring from the Service on pension will be allowed fourteen days' leave on 
 half-pay, provided the indulgence can be given without detriment or extra expense to 
 the Service. 
 
 Absentee Pay. — ^Absentee Pay, if at half salary, shall in no case exceed 
 Rs. 6,000, or;^6oo per annum ; or if at one-fomth salary, shall not exceed ^f 300 per 
 annum. Within these limitations. Absentee Pay will be given as follows : — To an 
 officer absent on sick leave in or out of India, half salary for the first fifteen months 
 of each period of absence (or, if the leave be taken in short periods in India, for the 
 first thirty months taken from time to time, provided that half salary be not drawn for 
 more than fifteen months at any one time), and one-fourth salary during the remainder 
 of his absence on allowances. To an officer on leave on Private Affairs, one-half of his 
 salary for a period not exceeding six months of continuous absence, and for any 
 
GOVERNMENT COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS. i6i 
 
 further period of Preparatory Leave which may be granted to him. But if an oflScer 
 absent on Private Affairs obtain an extension of leave on Medical Certificate, he wiU 
 be subject for the whole period of his absence to the rules for sick leave. To an 
 officer proceeding on Furlough whose salary does not exceed Rs. 200 per month, one 
 half of his salary ; provided, however, that it shall not exceed Rs. 800, or ^80 per 
 annum. If the absentee's salary shall be — 
 
 Rs. Rs. Rs. £, 
 
 Above 200 J / 400 per month / he may be 1 1,380 or 130 
 
 „ 400 ( and not I 700 „ j granted an I 2,000 „ 200 
 
 700 j' exceeding \ 1,200 „ \ annual al- \ 3,000 „ 300 
 
 1,200 ) \ \ lowance of j 4,000 „ 400 
 
 To an oiBcer on Preparatory Leave, one-half salary before commencement of other 
 leave, and, on return from leave, one-half salary, one-fourth salary, or Furlough pay, 
 according to the rate of allowance he may be then drawing. To an officer on 
 Privilege Leave, full pay. An officer who overstays Privilege Leave by not more 
 than one month will forfeit pay for the period in excess ; but if he exceed his leave by 
 more than one month, his office will become vacant. An officer on Privilege Leave 
 who may resign the Service, or who may obtain sick leave without first rejoining, 
 will, in the former case, forfeit his salary for the period of Privilege Leave, and, in 
 the latter case, be subject to the rules for sick leave for the whole period of his 
 absence. 
 
 Superannuation Allowances and Pensions. — Allowances on Retirement. — 
 On production by an applicant of such medical certificates as shall satisfy the Govern- 
 ment under which he may be serving of his incapacity to serve longer in India, he 
 may be allowed — Under fifteen years' service, a gratuity not exceeding twelve months' 
 salary. After fifteen years' service, one-third of his average salary (and of his per- 
 sonal allowance, if any) during the previous five years ; provided that in no case shall 
 a pension be granted exceeding the sum of Rs. 3,000 per annum, whatever the amount 
 of salary, nor of Rs. 2,000 per annum, if the salary shall not exceed Rs. 12,000 per 
 annum. After twenty-five years' service, one-half of his average salary (and of his 
 personal allowance, if any) during the previous five years ; provided, however, that 
 in no case shall a pension be granted exceeding Rs. 5,000 per annum, whatever the 
 amount of salary, nor exceeding Rs. 4,000 per annum, if the salary shall not exceed 
 Rs. 12,000 per annum. After thirty years' service or upwards, a pension may be 
 granted, without production of medical certificate, of the same amount and subject to 
 the same limitation as that sanctioned for twenty-five years' service on medical certifi- 
 cate. This pension, as the reward of faithful, efficient discharge of duty for thirty 
 years, is termed a good service pension. Pensions of the full amount authorised in 
 paragraphs 6 and 7 are to be granted only as the reward of approved service. In 
 any case in which an uncovenanted servant, without having incurred the penalty of 
 removal from Government employ, shall nevertlieless, in the opinion of the Govern- 
 ment under which he has been serving, not be entitled to the full amount of pension, 
 the Local Government will make such a reduction in the amount of pension as it shall 
 consider just. The foregoing rates of pension and gratuity are applicable also, with- 
 out the production of a medical certificate of unfitness for service, to officers discharged 
 on reduction of establishment. 
 
 Service towards Pension. — ^Dismissal for misconduct entails forfeiture of the 
 benefit of past service. Service as a substitute does not count towards pension. 
 Periods of service before the age of twenty-two, or of absence on other than Privilege 
 Leave and Preparatory Leave, shall not count towards pension ; nor shall Preparatory 
 Leave be allowed to count as service, if it is granted in addition to leave on Medical 
 Certificate to an officer who has enjoyed leave of the latter description on two previous 
 occasions. The whole of the service in virtue of which pension is claimed must have 
 been passed in an eligible grade and on a permanent establishment ; but claims barred 
 by this rule will be specially considered if the promotion from an ineligible grade was 
 bestowed as a reward for meritorious service or for good conduct. The period of 
 service must be continuous ; but, in case of the abolition of the office held by an 
 officer, and his being subsequently employed by Government, his first period of service 
 is to be taken into account. 
 
 Gratuities.: — When an officer is discharged with a gratuity under these rules on 
 reduction of establishment, the gratuity will not be given to him in one sum, but in 
 monthly instalments of a month's pay until the full amount is paid. Should he be 
 re-employed before or after the period for which gratuity is allowed, he will have the 
 option of refunding the gratuity and recovering his former service, or of forfeiting 
 
 M 
 
Ib2 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 that service by retaining the gratuity. In the latter case, any balance of gratuity 
 remaining undrawn at the date of his re-employnient may be paid to him. 
 
 Payment of Pensions.— Payment of pension will commence from the date on 
 which the applicant ceases to be borne on the establishment, or from that of his 
 application, -whichever may be the later date. No pension shall be payable in arrear 
 for a period exceeding six months, without the express sanction of Government 
 obtained through the Civil Paymaster, unless the cause of the suspension of payment 
 shall have been the neglect, order, or act of some public officer, and beyond the 
 control of the pensioner, when the Civil Paymasters on a reference being made to him, 
 shall exercise his discretion in passing arrears for payment, or submit a representation 
 of the case for the information and orders of Government, as he shall consider proper. 
 An officer shall, on retirement, have the option of drawing his pension either in India 
 or from the Home Treasury. After exercising his option on retirement, he may, at a 
 subsequent period, change the place of payment from India to England, or vice versa. 
 This change can, however, be allowed but once. The payments in England will be 
 made at the rate of exchange which is annually fixed in communication with the 
 Lords of the Treasury for the. adjustment of transactions between the British and 
 Indian Exchequers. 
 
 Civil Engineering Service in India. — Candidates for 
 Junior Appointments must be British subjects, and must not have 
 passed their twenty-fourth birthday (in proof of which a satisfactory- 
 certificate must be produced), and 'they must have complied with one 
 or other of the three following conditions : — 
 
 1. They must have passed not less than three years as Articled 
 
 Pupils of a Civil, Mechanical, or Mining Engineer, who is in 
 actual practice ; or, 
 
 2. Not less than three years in practice under a Civil, Mechanical, 
 
 or Mining Engineer, who is in actual practice ; or, 
 
 3. Not less than three years altogether, of which part may have 
 
 been passed in practice under a Civil, Mechanical, or Mining 
 Engineer, and part in studying Civil, Mechanical, or Mining 
 Engineering, in a School or College recognised by the Secre- 
 tary of State as possessing an efficient class for instruction in 
 one or other of those professions, with the proviso that one 
 year at least of the three must have been passed in practice 
 under a Civil, Mechanical, or Mining Engineer, who is in 
 actual practice. 
 Certificates of time passed -with Professors in Schools or Colleges 
 cannot be accepted in lieu of Certificates of Articled Pupilage with, or 
 time passed in practice under, a Civil, Mechanical, or Mining Engineer. 
 On these points also Candidates must be provided with satisfactory 
 certificates, and they must likewise produce testimonials of good moral, 
 character and conduct from the Engineers or Professors under whom 
 they have served, or by whom they have been instructed. 
 
 These documents must be delivered at the Department of Public 
 Works in the Indian Office upon the days appointed. 
 
 The names of the Candidates will then be Registered, and they will 
 be directed to appear for Medical Examination before the Indian 
 Medical Board. 
 
 If then Certified to be constitutionally fit for service in India, they 
 will be required to attend at a Competitive Examination. 
 
 The Candidates will first be required to write English from dictation, 
 and unless found able to do so with accuracy and facility, will not be 
 permitted to remain during the subsequent Examination. The other 
 
s 
 
 
 1 80 
 
 280 
 
 80 
 
 GOVERNMENT COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS. 163 
 
 subjects of examination and the maximum number of marks obtainable 
 for proficiency in each class of subjects will be the following : — 
 
 Marks. 
 'Arithmetic, Mensuration, and Trigonometry, including heights and- 
 
 distances . 
 
 Algebra : Elementary Principles ; Simple and Quadratic Equations ; 
 Surds ; Ratios and Proportion ; Arithmetical and Geometrical Pro- 
 gression ; Combinations, and the Binomial Theorem 
 Euclid : ist, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th, and first 21 Propositions of the nth 
 
 Book ^ 
 
 Statics : Composition and Resolution of Forces, the Centre of Grravity,-v 
 the Mechanical Power ; Roofs, Arches, and Bridges ; Strength of 
 
 Materials ; and Friction . 
 
 Dynamics : First Principles ; Collision of Bodies ; Uniformly Acce- 
 lerated Motion ; Circular Motion and Centrifugal Force ; Labour and 
 
 Machinery 
 
 Hydrostatics .and Hydraulics : Pressure of Fluids ; Specific Gravity, 
 and Equilibrium of Floating Bodies ; Elastic Fluids and Atmospheric 
 
 l~ Pressure ; Hydrostatic Machines 
 
 'Projects for Bridges, Locks, Dams, Harbour Works, Roads, Tramways," 
 
 and other Engineering Works 
 
 Irrigation, Drainage, Water Supply, Sewerage, and Mining 
 
 Making Working Drawings • of Machinery, and Plans, Elevations, and ' 
 
 Sections of Buildings . 
 
 Carpentry, Ironwork, and Properties of Materials in general 
 
 Freehand Drawing 
 
 Map Drawing 
 
 Framing of Estimates and Specifications from given plans and data 
 
 ti ("Trigonometiical Surveying and traversing with the Theodolite . .> 
 
 .5 I Land Surveying with Compass and Chain, and Plotting from a Field- | 
 
 Y \ Book I 240 
 
 § I Levelling and use of the Instruments employed . . . . .1 
 w L Geometrical Drawing J 
 
 1,000 
 No Candidate will be passed who shall not obtain 600 marks, of which 
 not less than 200 must be awarded for Mathematics, not less than 180 
 for Engineering, and not less than 100 for Surveying. The Candidates 
 who may obtain the prescribed minimum number of marks will be 
 ranked by the Examiners in the order of the numbers they may severally 
 obtain ; and of these as many as may be required at the time for the 
 public service will be nominated. 
 
 Each Nominee must, within a month of his nomination, sign a cove- 
 nant, in the form which will be supplied, describing the terms and con- 
 ditions of his appointment, and must embark for India when required 
 to do so by the Secretary of State in Council, who will provide for the 
 expenses of his passage. Any Nominee not embarking when required 
 will forfeit his appointment. Otherwise he will be allowed pay at the 
 rate of 170 rupees (which is about the equivalent of ;^i7 in English 
 money) a month from the date of his appointment. 
 
 Attention is requested by Candidates for Appointments in the Indian 
 Public Works Department to the following : — 
 
 STANDING ORDER. 
 
 JUNIOR CIVIL ENGINEERS UNDER COVENANT. 
 
 Public Works Code, Chapter II., Section IV., for para. 5, substitute — Junior Civil 
 Engineers who, after passing the Competitive Examination, enter into covenant with 
 the Secretary of State, are usually appointed to the 3rd Grade, and must as a rule 
 
 M 2 
 
1 64 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 serve in that grade for one year from the date on which they actually take up the 
 duties of their iirst appointment, before becoming qualified for promotion to the 2nd 
 Grade. During that year they will be considered as on probation. If, however, any 
 of these Engineers can show to the satisfaction of any Local Government, or, in the 
 case of Local Administrations, to the satisfaction of the Government of India, that 
 they have been not less than two years iona fide engaged on the actual construction 
 of engineering or architectural work, including earthwork, brickwork, and carpentry, 
 on such a scale as to liave insured a sohd practical training in their professional 
 duties, this step of promotion may be given before the expiry of the year, and the 
 Examination prescribed in paragraph i8 may be dispensed with for this step of pro- 
 motion. But the Assistant Engineer will be considered as on probation during the 
 first year of service, and he must pass the Examination above referred to before he 
 can be made an Assistant Engineer, ist Grade. 
 
 N.B. — ^The papers given at former Examinations have been printed by order of the 
 House of Commons ; some of these are now out of print, but the following may be 
 obtained from Messrs. Hansard, of Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. Their 
 dates and numbers, and their respective prices, are as follows ;- 
 
 No. 399 of 1864 .. . One Shilhng. 
 426 „ 1865 . . Two Shillings. 
 454 „ 1866 . . Two Shillings. 
 
 No. 25 of 1867, \ Two Shillings 
 Sess. 2. J and Fourpence. 
 
 234 of 1868 . . Two Shillings. 
 
 The papers given at the last Examination may be obtained of Messrs. W. H. AUen 
 and Co., 13, Waterloo Place, S^W., price Two Shillings. 
 
 Indian Civil Engineering College, Cooper's Hill, Surrey. 
 Established tinder the orders of the Secretary of State for India, 
 for the Education of Civil Engineers for the service of Government in 
 the Indian Public Works Department. Admission to the College is 
 obtained by Competitive Examination, to which all British-born subjects, 
 between the ages of seventeen and twenty-one years, and of good sound 
 constitution, who can produce satisfactory testimonials of good moral 
 character, are eligible. Intending competitors are required to furnish 
 satisfactory evidence on these points to the Civil Service Commissioners, 
 not later than the date specified in the Regulations issued each year. 
 Forms of Application, with instructions, may be obtained upon applica- 
 tion by letter from " The Secretary, Civil Service Commissioners, Cannon 
 Row, Westminster, London, S. TV." 
 
 The College Course will ordinarily extend over three years, sub- 
 ject, to the exceptions hereafter stated. All the Students who pass 
 through it successfully will be appointed to the Indian Public Works 
 Department as Assistant Engineers, second grade, — the salary of which 
 grade is about ;^42o per annum, — and will be provided with a free 
 passage to India. Exceptions to the Three Years' Course. — The condi- 
 tion as to a three years' course may be dispensed with in the case of 
 those who on admission shall satisfy the College authorities that they 
 possess already a competent knowledge of the subjects taught at the 
 College. Such Students will be permitted to enter at once upon the 
 second year's course of instruction, atid to qualify for the service in two 
 instead of three years. Similarly the third year's course of Practical 
 Engineering may be dispensed with in the case of those who can show 
 that they have already gofie through an equivalent of that course. 
 Students, consequently, who may be found entitled to both of these 
 dispensations will become eligible for .appointment to the service after 
 a single year's residence at the College ; and this period may be still 
 further reduced in special cases to a time sufficient to enable the Student 
 to go through the various exercises which form a part of the College 
 Final Examination. 
 
GOVERNMENT COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS. 165 
 
 The CoMPETiTrvE Examination, which will be conducted under the orders of 
 the Civil .Service Commissioners, will embrace the following subjects : — 
 
 Marks, 
 
 1. English Composition ...,,, Soo) 
 
 History and Literature .... 500 ( '>°°° 
 
 2. Mathematics, pure and mixed .,..., 2,000 
 
 3. Latin 1,000 
 
 4. Greek 1,000 
 
 S- French 750 
 
 6. German . 750 
 
 7. I^atural and Experimental Sciences, limited to not more than 
 
 three of the four following branches; viz., i. Chemistry,. 
 2. Heat and Light, 3. Electricity and Magnetism, and 4.. 
 Geology and Physical Geography 2,000 
 
 8. Mechanical (geometrical) Dravsdng 500 
 
 9. Freehand (figure and landscape) Drawing .... 500 
 
 Of these subjects two will be compulsory, viz^ English composition to the extent 
 of a Candidate's being able to write grammatically and with correct spelling. The 
 following branches of Mathematics, viz., arithmetic, algebra, geometry (first four and 
 sixth books of Euclid), mensuration, and plane trigonometry, in which the Candidate 
 will be required to obtain not less than one-fourth of the aggregate marks assigned 
 to them. 
 
 A minimum of one-fifth of the total number of marks allowed for each subject, 
 except mathematics, will be deducted from all marks gained by a Candidate in it at 
 the Competitive Examination. 
 
 Fifty Candidates who, qualifying in the obligatory subjects, obtain the highest 
 aggregate number of marks, will be admitted to the College. 
 
 The E^ntrance Examination will ordinarily be held in July. The successful Candi- 
 dates will enter into residence in September. 
 
 The College Course will extend, as previously stated, over three years, each divided 
 into three Terms, with vacations of four weelis at Christmas, two weeks at Easter, 
 and seven weeks in the Summer. 
 
 Fees. — An annual charge of ^^150 will be made for each Student, in three pay- 
 ments of/'50 per Term, which must be paid in advance to the Accountant-General, 
 India Office. 
 
 Of the nine Terms into which the College 'course is divided, two Tenus at least in 
 the third year, with the intervening vacation, must be passed by the Student under a 
 Civil or Mechanical Engineer, or partly under each. The fees to the Engineers under 
 whom the Students are thus detached will be paid by the Indian Government, and an 
 allowance of five shillings a day will also be made to the Student, for lodging money, 
 and in lieu of commons, while absent from the College during Term time. 
 
 The Obligatory Subjects of study at the College will be : — Mathematics, pure and 
 applied, with the Mechanics of Engineering ; Civil and Mechanical Engineering ; 
 Elementary principles of Architecture ; Surveying ; Mechanical Drawing ; Physical 
 Science ; Hindustani, and History and Geography of India ; Accounts. The Optional 
 Subjects taught will be : — Higher Mathematics in extension of the obligatory course ; 
 Physical Science, ditto ; Architecture, ditto ; Freehand Drawing. 
 
 The proficiency of the Students in the studies pm-sued will be tested by periodical 
 examinations, and by assigning values to the drawings, surveys, reports, &c., executed 
 by them while at the College, as well as to the work done while detached under Civil 
 or Mechanical Engineers. A certain minimum of qualification will be required in 
 each of the Obligatory Subjects, as well as a certain minimum of average proficiency 
 in all those subjects taken together, as tested by the aggregate marks gained ; but 
 Students will be encouraged to pursue raoie particularly those branches of either the 
 Obligatory or Voluntary course for which they may show a special aptitude. This 
 quaUfying standard of proficiency as above defined, and as fixed for each year, is to 
 be attained by the Student at the end of the first and second year, failing which he 
 will not be allowed to remain at the College. 
 
 A Final Examination will be held at the end of the third year, in July. This Final 
 Examination will also include Latin, Greek, French, and German as Optional Sub- 
 jects, although no instruction will be given in them at the College. The whole 
 Subjects of Examination vrill be divided into four branches, viz. : — I. Engineering, 
 including Drawing and Surveying; II. Mathematics, including the Mechanics of 
 p;ngineering ; III. Physical Science ; TV. Languages, ancient and modem, including 
 
i66 SON'S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Hindustani and History and Geography of India. The proficiency of the Students 
 will be recorded separately in each of these branches in order of merit. 
 
 All the Students who attain the prescribed qualifying standard at the Final Exami- 
 nation will be appointed to the Service on the terms already stated. They will be 
 required to embark for India in the beginning of October following. In the case of 
 those Subjects of which the required course may be completed by the end of the 
 second year, the marks gained at the Examination in that year will be carried forward 
 to the Student's credit in the Final Examination. 
 
 The System of Instruction will be partly what is usually termed Professorial, by 
 delivery of lectures, and partly Tutorial ; that is, in supervision of and assistance 
 given to the Students in their work. There will be specified courses of lectures and 
 times of instruction, at which attendance will be obligatory ; but the Professors and 
 Instructors in each branch will also give additional instruction to those who desire it. 
 Additional Lecturers will be engaged from time to time for special'subjects, as Archi- 
 tecture, Geology, &c., as well' as Examiners for the Final Examinations. A Labora- 
 tory and Model-room will be attached to the College. 
 
 The Students will be distributed in sections, each containing from ten to twenty, 
 under personal charge of one of the Professors or Assistant Professors selected as 
 Tutor by the President, to whom the Tutor will be responsible for exercising a certain 
 degree of personal supervision over each Student in his division, and for conducting 
 ordinary correspondence with the Student's friends. Each Student will be provided 
 with a separate room furnished, and with fuel and light ; also with the necessary 
 attendance. He will be required to furnish his own linen, &c., for use in his rooms. 
 Students will dine in hall. They may take other meals in their own rooms, certain 
 fixed allowances being supplied as commons. Additional articles required will_ be 
 supplied from the College kitchen at a fixed tariff, under such rules as may from time 
 to time be made. Beer and wine can also be supplied, at cost price, from the College 
 cellar. 
 
 The necessary provision will be made for the performance of divine service at or 
 near the College. Students willbe required to wear academical costume under such 
 regulations as may be prescribed by the President. Students will be required to make 
 their own arrangements for medical attendance when necessary, from persons approved 
 by the President. 
 
 The Indian Public Works Department. — The Engineer Establishment of 
 the Indian Public Works Department, in which successful Students in the College 
 will be entitled to appointments, consists of the staiT of Engineers, militaiy and civil, 
 engaged on the construction and maintenance of the various public works undertaken 
 by the State of India. 
 
 This branch of the Public Service is of comparatively recent origin, and its expan- 
 sion has been rapid, the total strength of the Department having been : — In 1840, 113; 
 1850,183; 1863,545; 1867,602; 1868,747; 1869,896. 
 
 The Department is supplied from the following, sources : — I. Officers of Royal 
 Engineers ; 2. Other Officers of the Indian Army who have passed the qualifying 
 Examination; 3. Passed Students of Government Civil Engineering Colleges in 
 England and India ; 4. Civil Engineers in practice, of approved qualifications, 
 appointed direct by the Secretary of State or Government of India ; 5. Deserving 
 subordinates promoted. 
 
 The head of the whole Department is the Public Works Secretary to the Govern- 
 ment of India, whose salary is Ks. 42,000 per annum. There are also four Deputy 
 Secretaries, each in charge of one of the four branches into which the business of the 
 Department is divided ; viz.. Buildings and Roads, Irrigation Works, Railways, and 
 Accounts. The whole expenditure controlled by the Department is estimated for the 
 year 1870-71 at about seven and a half millions sterling, thus distributed : — 
 
 Military works 1,488,208 
 
 Civil buildings 710,179 
 
 Irrigation works and embankments 2,388,953 
 
 Roads and miscellaneous works of public improvements . 1,298,560 
 
 State railways 1,229,800 
 
 State outlay connected with guaranteed joint stock railways. 359,860 
 
 7.475.560 
 
GOVERNMENT COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS. 167 
 
 The various ranks of the Department are as follows : — 
 
 Salary per Annum. 
 Rs. 
 
 Chief Engineers, First Class 30,000 
 
 J) ,, Second Class. ..... 24,000 
 
 » ,, Third Class ...... 21,600 
 
 Superintending Engineers, First Class .... 19,200 
 
 „ „ Second Class .... 16,200 
 
 „ ,, Third Class .... 13,200 
 
 Executive Engineers, First Grrade ... . . . 11,400 
 
 ,, ,, Second Grade 9,600 
 
 „ „ Third Grade 7,800 
 
 „ ,, Fourth Grade 6,600 
 
 Assistant Engineers, First Grade ..... 5,400 
 
 ,, ,, Second Grade 4,200 
 
 ,, ,, Third Grade 3,000 
 
 Apprentices 1,200 
 
 [Ten Rupees are nearly equivalent in value to One Pound sterling.] 
 There are usually two Chief Engineers in each province, one at the head of the 
 Roads and Buildings Branch, and the other of the Irrigation Branch of the Depart- 
 ment ; but in the smaller provinces all the pubUc works are under the superintendence 
 of a single Chief Engineer. The Punjab Railway, the first of the new railways 
 undertaken by the State, is under a separate Chief Engineer. According to the latest 
 returns there were in all seventeen Chief Engineers for the twelve provinces into 
 which, for administrative purposes, British India is divided, of whom six had charge 
 of the Buildings and Roads Branches, and five of the Irrigation Branches respec- 
 tively of their provinces ; five were Chief Engineers of smaller provinces, and one had 
 charge of a State railway. Again, six of these Chief Engineers were in the first 
 class, and the remainder in the second and third class. The Chief Engineer is also 
 usually Secretary to the Provincial Government in the Public Works Department. 
 
 Each province or class of works within a province is divided into circles, under 
 Superintending Engineers. The last returns show that there were altogether fifty-five 
 officers of this rank in the Department, of whom twenty-two had charge of circles 
 of buildings and road works ; twelve of circles of irrigation works or lines of canals ; 
 twelve of miscellaneous works;, and nine of lines or portions of lines of State 
 railways. 
 
 The Superintending Engineers are divided under the regulations of the Public 
 Works Code in equal proportions among the three classes. 
 
 The actual execution of work is conducted by the Executive and Assistant 
 Engineers. The sanctioned establishment of these officers (as well as of the higher 
 ranks) varies from time to time according to the requirements of the public service, 
 but it is provided by the regulations that of the aggregate number maintained at any 
 time the Assistant Engineers shall be 60 per cent, in excess of the Executive. 
 
 Of the total number of Executive Engineers sanctioned for any province, it is 
 provided that Aths shall belong to the P'irst Grade, i^ths to the Second and Third 
 each, and ^'^ths to the Fourth. Of the Assistant Engineers attached to a province 
 one-third belong to the First Grade, the remainder with the Apprentices to the 
 other two. 
 
 Civil Engineers appointed to the Department from the new Civil Engineering 
 College enter as Assistants, Second Grade. They will either be placed at the disposal 
 of the Government of India, and will be posted on arrival to one of the provinces 
 under the administration of that Government (Bengal ; North- West Provinces ; Pun- 
 jab ; Oudh ; Central Provinces ; Burmah ; Berar [Hyderabad]; Mysore ; Rajpootana; 
 Central India), or else they will be sent in the first instance to Madras or Bombay, in 
 which case they will not be liable to transfer from those provinces. 
 
 Promotions from one Grade or Class to another are dependent on the occurrence 
 of vacancies in the sanctioned establishment, and are regulated in the following 
 way: — 
 
 Promotions of their Assistant and Executive Engineers in Madras; Bombay, Bengal, 
 North- West Provinces, and Punjab, are made by the Governments of those provinces 
 respectively, but the promotions of the officers of these classes serving in the seven 
 smaller provinces are made from one general list by the Government of India. 
 
 Promotions to Superintending and Chief Engineer are made on one general list 
 for all India, except in Madras and Bombay, where the vacancies in all grades are 
 filled up by the Local Government from the officers serving under them respectively. 
 
i68 SOT^S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Forest Department in India. — Candidates must appea,r per- 
 sonally at the India Office upon such day or days as may be appointed. 
 As active habits and a strong constitution are most important, such 
 applicants as are admitted to be Candidates will be directed to appear 
 for Medical Examination before the Indian Medical Board. Those 
 who are passed by the Medical Board will be examined, on days there- 
 after appointed, by the Civil Service Commissioners. From among the 
 Candidates who attain the requisite standard, her Majesty's Secretary 
 of State for India will select those whom he deems best adapted for the 
 service. The Candidates accepted by the Secretary of State must 
 undergo a regular course of training of two years and a half in the 
 management of forests and the science of Forestry, in Surveying, Road- 
 making, and the Natural Sciences, For this purpose, those Candidates 
 who possess a sufficient knowledge of German will be directed to pro- 
 ceed to Germany ; while, for those who pass in the French language, 
 the course of training will be in France. After completing the course 
 prescribed, an Examination will be held by the Officers and Professors 
 entrusted with the instruction of the Candidates. Those who give 
 proof of a satisfactory progress in the subjects in which they have been 
 instructed will be nominated Junior Assistants in the Forest Depart- 
 ments in India. 
 
 According to the estimates framed, the cost of this training will not 
 exceed £,S°°- This sum will, it is beheved, cover the cost of board, 
 lodging, and instruction for the whole term of two years and a half. 
 To those Candidates whose conduct and progress are satisfactory, her 
 Majesty's Secretary of State engages to pay a stipend at the rate of ^^50 
 for each half year. This stipend will ordinarily be paid half-yearly, on 
 the recommendation of the officer entrusted with the general direction of 
 the studies and training of the Candidates : but the periods of payment 
 may vary according to circumstances. In the case of those [training in 
 France, the first payment is usually made after eight, instead of after 
 six, months. From the stipend is deducted the amount of such Fees 
 as are paid direct to the appointed Instructors by the Secretary of 
 State. 
 
 In the interval between the conclusion of the course of instruction 
 on the Continent and the departure for India, the Candidates will be 
 required, if they have not had the opportunity of doing so before, to 
 pass some time, probably not less than a month, with one or more 
 approved foresters in Scotland. 
 
 Within a month of his nomination as Junior Assistant, each Nominee 
 must sign_ a covenant describing the terms and conditions of his 
 appointment ; and he must embark for India when required to do so 
 by the Secretary of State, who will provide for the expenses of his passage. 
 Any Nominee not embarking when required will forfeit his appointment. 
 Otherwise he will be allowed pay at the rate of 250 rupees (which is 
 about the equivalent of £,2 5 in English money) a month, from the date 
 of his signing the covenant. 
 
 On arrival in India, the Nominee will be required to report himself to 
 the Government of India (or to the Government of Bombay or Madras, 
 in case he should be sent to one of these Presidencies), and he will 
 then be posted to such part of the forests as the Service may require. 
 
 The salaries of the appointments in the three Presidencies range 
 
GOVERNMENT COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS. 169 
 
 between ;^300 and ;^i,9oo a year. Promotion to them will depend 
 upon efficiency, and the occurrence of vacancies. 
 
 On reaching the place to which he may be appointed, the Nominee 
 will become! entitled to all the rights and privileges, in respect of pay 
 and promotion, accorded to officers of the Forest Department by the 
 Rules and Regulations for the time being, and to leave of absence and 
 retiring pensions under the Leave and Pension Rules of the Uncovenanted 
 Service for the time being. No rise of pay or promotion will, however, 
 take place before he has passed an Examination in such one of the 
 Native Languages as may be prescribed by the Government under 
 which he is serving. (See Leave of Absence, and Superannuation 
 Allowances, and Pensions, under Indian Civil Service.) 
 
 Applicants must be British-bom subjects, above seventeen and under 
 twenty-three years of age on the 13th of November, 1871. They must 
 be unmarried, and if they marry before they leave this country for 
 India, they will forfeit their appointment as Junior Assistants. They 
 must send, by the time appointed in the Regulations last issued, to the 
 Revenue Department of the India Office : — 
 
 1. Their names and parentage, a certificate, or other satisfactory evidence, of their 
 birtli, and, if under age, a statement of consent from parents or guardians. 
 
 2. A statement of the places of education at which they may have been since they 
 were nine years old, accompanied by testimonials of good conduct during the last two 
 years, and proof of their having attained a certain standard of proficiency in the 
 following branches of knowledge : — 
 
 I. English writing from dictation, and English Composition. 
 11. Arithmetic in all its branches. 
 
 III. Algebra, elementary principles, Simple and Quadratic Equations, Ratios and 
 
 Proportions, Logarithms, Arithmetical and Geometrical Progression. 
 
 IV. Geometiy (ist, znd, 3rd, 4th, and 6th books of Euclid) and Plane Trigo- 
 
 nometry, 
 v. Freehand Drawing. 
 
 VI. A good toUoquial knowledge of French or German, with- the facility of trans- 
 lating from one of these languages. 
 A preference will be given to those CancSdates who, in addition to the above, show 
 proficiency in — 
 
 Surveying and Land Measuring ; 
 
 And in the elements of Mechanical and Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, 
 Botany, Geology, Mineralogy, and in Plan Drawing. 
 
 The regulations above stated are liable to alteration in future years ; 
 but no Candidate, in this year or hereafter, will be chosen who does not 
 come up to the requisite standard of proficiency in each of the prescribed 
 subjects-. 
 
 Secretary, Herman Merivale, Esq. 
 
 India Office, St. James's Park. 
 
 Telegraph Department, India. — Nominees must be of pure 
 European descent or British-born subjects, and must be of not less than 
 eighteen nor more than twenty-four years of age on the day appointed 
 for the beginning of the first of the Educational Examinations referred to 
 below. 
 
 A Nominee will be required, immediately after receiving a nomination, 
 to furnish a Certificate showing the date of his birth, and also a certifi- 
 cate of good conduct for the previous two years ; and he must be passed 
 by the Medical Board of this Office as possessing a constitution suffi- 
 
iro SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 ciently vigorous to stand fatigue and exposure in a tropical climate ; 
 the Medical Examination taking place, at his option, either immediately- 
 after his nomination, or at any other time previously to his attendmg 
 the Educational Examination next to be referred to, of the time and place 
 of which due notice will be given to him, and the subjects of which, as 
 well as the prescribed maximum and minimum of marks for each sub- 
 ject, will be as follows : — 
 
 Minimuta 
 
 ,. , that will be 
 
 Subjects. Marks. allowed to 
 
 count. 
 Writing in English from dictation, for which no marks will be 
 given, but faUure in which will at once disqualify a Candidate. . 
 
 History. 
 
 English 250, 
 
 Roman . , 250 I 
 
 Indian 250 ( * 
 
 Greek 250-' 
 
 Two at least of these historical subjects must be taken up, in order 
 that any marks obtained in them should count. 
 Geography. 
 
 Indian 35° I jcq 
 
 General 350 ) ^-' 
 
 Mathematics. 
 
 Arithmetic, including Square and Cube Root. . . . 450 250 
 
 Mensuration 250 loo 
 
 Book-keeping 250 roo 
 
 Euclid, I., 11., III., IV., and VI. books .... 450 200 
 
 Algebra, to Quadratic Equations 450 200 
 
 Plane Trigonometry, including heights and distances, and the 
 
 use of Logarithmic Tables 650 300 
 
 Higher Mathematics 1,500 150 
 
 Languages, 
 
 Latin . .• 500 100 
 
 Greek , Spo 100 
 
 Any one or two of the following modem languages, viz., 
 French, German, Italian, Hindustani ; not more than two 
 modem languages being permitted to iDe taken up . . 500 200 
 
 N,B..-^—Fulli marks may be scored in one language. 
 
 Drawing. 
 
 Freehand 250 100 
 
 Mechanical 250 loo 
 
 Physics. 
 Chemistry 500 150 
 
 ^gS"^ } Soo ISO 
 
 Heat, Light, and Sound 500 150 
 
 A N6minee may either be examined in all, or may choose in which 
 of the above subjects he will be examined ; but an aggregate minimum 
 of 3,000 marks must in either case be obtained. Nominees should 
 give notice in writing, some time before the beginning of the Examina- 
 tion, what Subjects they will take up. 
 
 Of Nominees who may fulfil the above conditions, and may be re- 
 ported by the Examiners to be sufficiently deserving, so many as may 
 be needed to fill the appointments offered for competition will be selected 
 in the order of the aggregate marks gained by them. These selected 
 Candidates will be required to prepare for further Examinations. With 
 this view, each, unless by special permission from this Oflfice left to make 
 
GOVERNMENT COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS. \Ti 
 
 his own arrangements for subsequent technical instruction, must attend 
 a physical class or classes approved by the Secretary of State, for further 
 instruction in Mathematics, Chemistry, Electricity, and other branches 
 of physical science connected with electric telegraphy, and must 
 produce a Certificate of having done so to the satisfaction of the Teacher. 
 He will then be subjected to a Test Examination in all these several 
 subjects. Also, either previously or subsequently to the said Test 
 Examination, he must place himself under an authorised Telegraph 
 Engineer, to be named by the Secretary of State, for the purpose of 
 receiving instruction in the practical construction of Telegraph Lines, 
 Testing, &c., and must obtain from the said Engineer a Hke certificate 
 of satisfactory attendance. 
 
 Not less than six months must be spent in the Physical Class, and 
 not less than four months in the study of Practical Construction. 
 
 The sum of ;^ioo, to cover all expenses of College Fees, &c., will 
 be granted to him, or to trustees on his behalf, on his or their signing, 
 a bond and giving security for the refund of the same in the event of 
 his either failing to pass satisfactory Final Examinations in the pre- 
 scribed subjects of study on the expiration of the prescribed periods, 
 or to proceed to India in due course. 
 
 After passing the Final Examinations, Nominees must sign covenants 
 with the Secretary of State for India, and will in general be required to 
 proceed to India within one month after date of signature. 
 
 Any Nominee, however, who may be reported by the Examiner in 
 Physical Science at the Final Examination to be possessed of high pro- 
 ficiency, will, as a special privilege, be allowed to spend three months 
 extra in an additional course, for the purpose of qualifying himself in 
 the practice and principles of making delicate electrical measurements 
 and tests, and will be granted ;£so to pay his fees and other expenses 
 while so doing. This sum will not, however, be paid until the addi- 
 tional course is completed, nor without production of a certificate from 
 the conductor of the course that it has been properly attended. 
 
 One hundred pounds will be allowed to each successful Nominee as 
 passage money. 
 
 On arrival in India the Nominee will join the Telegraph Department 
 as Assistant Superintendent of the 4th Class. 
 
 Revised Organisation and Annual Salaries of the Superior 
 Grades of the Indian Telegraph Establishment. 
 
 I Director-General 3,ooo, rising to 3,000 
 
 I Deputy Director-General 1,800 „ 2,160 
 
 By annual increments oi £bo. * 
 4 First-class Superintendents i,z6o „ 1,800 
 
 By annual increments of ;^8o. 
 8 Second-class Superintendents ..... 960 ,, 1,200 
 
 Annual increments of ;^6o. 
 7 Third-class Superintendents 720 „ 900 
 
 Annual increase £}f>. 
 88 Assistant Superintendents of the I., II., III., and IV. 
 
 Grades 240 „ 500 
 
 In addition to the above, liberal allowances are granted for travelling, 
 &c. Secretary, W. T .Thornton, Esq., 
 
 India Office. Public Works Department. 
 
172 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Indian Medical Department. — Examination of Candidates 
 for the Appointment of Assistant Surgeon in her Majesty's Indian 
 Medical Service. The Examinations for admission to the Indian 
 Medical Service usually take place twice a year — viz., in February and 
 in August. I. All natural-born subjects of her Majesty between twenty- 
 two and twenty^dght years of age at the date of the Examination, and 
 of sound bodily health, may be Candidates. 2. They must subscribe 
 and send in to the Mihtary Secretary, India Office, Westminster, a 
 declaration according to the annexed form. 
 
 This declaration must be accompanied by the following documents : — 
 
 a. Proof of age, either by extract from the register of the parish in 
 which the Candidate was born, or by his own declaration ; such extract 
 and declaration respectively bearing the stamps required by law. 
 
 b. A certificate of moral character from a magistrate, or a minister of 
 the religious denomination to which the Candidate belongs, who has 
 personally known him for at least two preceding years. 
 
 c. The Candidate must possess a Diploma in Surgery, or a License to 
 practise it, as well as a Degree in Medicine, or a License to practise it 
 in Great Britain or Ireland. 
 
 d. Degrees, diplomas, licenses, and certificate of their registration 
 in accordance with the Medical Act of 1858, must be lodged at the 
 India Office, for examination and registry, at least one fortnight before 
 the Candidate appears for Examination. 
 
 3. On producing the foregoing qualifications, the Candidate will be 
 examined by the Examining Bsard, at Chelsea Hospital, in the following 
 subjects : — 
 
 Anatomy and Physiology. 
 
 Surgery. 
 
 Medicine, including Therapeutics, the Diseases of Women and Children, Che- 
 mistry and Pharmacy, and a practical knowledge of Drugs. (The Examination 
 in Medicine and Surgery will be in part practical, and will include operations 
 on the dead body, the application of surgical apparatus, and the examination 
 of medical and surgical patients at tlie bedside.) 
 
 4. The eligibility of each Candidate for the Indian Medical Service 
 will be determined by the result of the Examinations in these subjects 
 only. 
 
 5. Candidates who desire it will be examined in Comparative 
 Anatomy, Zoology, and Botany, with special reference to Materia 
 Medica, and the number of marks gained in these subjects will be 
 added to the total number of marks obtained in the obligatory part of 
 the Examination by Candidates who shall have been found qualified for 
 admission, and whose position on the list of successful competitors will' 
 thus be improved in proportion to their knowledge of these branches of 
 science. 
 
 The subjects for this part of the Examination will be taken from the 
 following books : — 
 
 " Animal Kingdom," by W. S. Dallas, F.L.S. 
 
 " Outlines of the Structure and Functions of the Animal Kingdom," by 
 , Rymer Jones ; or " Cours ElSmentaire d'Histoire NatureUe," par Milne 
 
 Edwards. 
 Lindley's "School Botany," Lindley's "Medical and Economic Botany." 
 Henfrey's "Elementary Course of Botany." 
 
 6. Candidates who may desire it may also be examined in the 
 
GOVERNMENT COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS. 173 
 
 Elements of Physics and in Physical Geography. The following books 
 are recommended for this purpose : — 
 
 " Elements of Natural Philosophy," by Gelding Bird and C. Brooks. 
 " Physical Geography," by Mrs. SomerviUe. 
 
 7. The Examiners in London will prepare a list in order of merit, 
 with the marks affixed in the different subjects, to be transmitted to the 
 Director-General and communicated to the Professors of the Army 
 Medical School. If any Candidate is found to be deficient in any 
 particular subject, this shall be stated, in order that he may receive 
 special instruction on the point at Netley. 
 
 8. After passing his Preliminary Examination, every Candidate will 
 be required to attend one entire Course of Practical Instruction at the 
 Army Medical School, before being admitted to his Examination for a 
 Commission, on — 
 
 Hygi&ne. 
 
 Clinical and Military Medicine. 
 
 Clinical and Military Surgery. 
 
 Pathology of Diseases and Injuries incident to Military Service. 
 
 These courses are to be of not less than four months' duration. 
 
 9. At their conclusion, the Candidate will be required to pass an 
 Examination on the subjects taught in the School. The Examination 
 will be conducted by the Professors of the School. 
 
 The Director-General, or any Medical Officer deputed by him, may 
 be present and take part in the Examination. If the Candidate give 
 satisfactory evidence of being qualified for the practical duties of an 
 Army Medical Officer, he will be eligible for a Commission as Assistant 
 Surgeon. The Commissions of Assistant Surgeons bear date from the 
 day of joining the Army Medical School. 
 
 10. During the period of his residence at the Army Medical School 
 each Candidate will receive an allowance of 5s. per diem, with quarters, 
 or 7s. per diem without quarters, to cover all costs of maintenance ; and 
 he will be required to provide himself with uniform (viz., the Regulation 
 undress uniform of an Assistant Surgeon of the British Service, but 
 without the sword.) 
 
 11. All Candidates will be required to conform to such rules of 
 discipline as the Senate may from time to time enact. 
 
 The persons who shall be pronounced by the Examiners to be the 
 best qualified in all respects will be appointed to fill the requisite 
 nurnber of appointments as Assistant Surgeons in her Majest/s Indian 
 Army. Their position on the list of Assistant Surgeons will be deter- 
 mined by the combined results of the Preliminary and the Final Exami- 
 nations, and, so far as the requirements of the Service will permit, they 
 will have the choice of Presidency in India, according to their position 
 on that list. 
 
 12. All Assistant Surgeons, who shall neglect or refuse to proceed to 
 India under the orders of the Secretary of State for India within two 
 months from the date of their appointment will be considered as having 
 forfeited it, unless special circumstances shall justiiy a departure from 
 this regulation. 
 
 13. The physical fitness of Candidates will be determined previous 
 to Examination, at Chelsea Hospital, by a Board of Medical Officers, 
 who are required to certify that the Candidate's vision is sufficiently 
 
174 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 good to enable him to perform any surgical operation without the aid of 
 glasses. A moderate (Jegree of myopia (short sight) would not be con- 
 sidered a disqualification, provided it did not necessitate the use of 
 glasses during the performance of operations, and that no organic disease 
 existed. 
 
 Every Candidate must also be free from organic disease of other 
 organs, and from constitutional weakness, or other disability Jikely to 
 unfit him for Military Service in India. 
 
 Army Medical Department. — Qualifications and Exami- 
 nation of Candidates for ^Commissions in the Army Medical 
 Service, i. Every Candidate desirous of presenting himself for admis- 
 sion to the Competitive Examination required for the Army Medical 
 Service must be unmarried. He must produce a birth certificate from 
 the District Registrar, or a certificate of baptism in which the date of 
 birth is stated ; or if neither of these can be obtained, an affidavit from 
 one of the parents, or from some other near relative who can attest the 
 date of birth, will be accepted. The certificate or afiSdavit must show that 
 the Candidate is not above t^venty-right nor under twenty-one years of 
 age. He must also produce certificates of moral conduct and character, 
 one of them from the parochial minister if possible. 
 
 [The same rules as to physical fitness, and freedom from organic disease, or other 
 disability, prevail as in connection with the Medical Department of India.] 
 
 2. The Candidate must make a declaration that he labours under no 
 mental or constitutional disease, nor any imperfection or disability that 
 can interfere with the most efficient discharge of the duties of a Medical 
 Officer in any climate. He must also attest his readiness to engage for 
 general service, and to proceed on foreign service when required to 
 do so. 
 
 3. The Candidate must be registered under the Medical Act of 1858 
 as licensed to practise Medicine and Surgery in Great Britain or Ireland. 
 
 4. Certificates of registration, character, and age must accompany 
 the schedule when filled up and returned. 
 
 5. Candidates will be examined by the Examining Board in the 
 following subjects : — 
 
 Anatomy and Physiology. 
 
 Surgeiy. 
 
 "Medicine, including Therapeutics, the Diseases of Women and Children, Che- 
 -mistry and Pharmacy, and a practical knowledge of Drugs. (The Examination 
 in Medicine and Surgery will be in part practical, and will include operations 
 on the dead body, the application of surgical apparatus, and the examination 
 of medical and surgical patients at the bedside.) 
 
 The eligibility of each Candidate for the Army Medical Service will 
 be determined by the result of the Examinations in these subjects only. 
 
 Candidates who desire it will be examined in Comparative Anatomy, 
 Zoology, Natural Philosophy, Physical Geography, and Botany, with 
 special reference to Materia Medica, and the number of marks gained 
 in these subjects will be added to the total ;number of marks obtained 
 in the obligatory part of the Examination by Candidates who shall have 
 ;been found qualified for admission, and whose position on the list of 
 successful competitors will thus be improved in proportion to .their 
 knowledge of these branches of science. 
 
GOVERNMENT COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS. 17S 
 
 6. After passing his Preliminaiy Examination, every Candidate will be 
 required to attend one entire Course of Practical Instruction at the 
 Army Medical School, before being admitted to his Examination for a 
 Commission, on — 
 
 Hygiene. 
 
 Clinical and Military Medicine. 
 
 Clinical and Military Surgery. 
 
 Pathology of Diseases and Injuries incident to Military Service. 
 
 7. At their conclusion, the Candidate will be required to pass an 
 Examination on the subjects taught in the School. The Examination 
 will be conducted by the Professors of the School. 
 
 The Director-General, or any Medical Officer deputed by him, may 
 be present and take part in the Examination. If the Candidate give 
 satisfactory evidence of being qualified for the practical duties of an 
 Army Medical Officer, he will be eligible for a Commission as Assistant 
 -Surgeon. 
 
 8. During the period of his residence at the Army Medical School 
 each Candidate will receive an allowance of 53. per diem, with quarters, 
 or 7s. per diem without quarters, to cover all costs of maintenance ; 
 and he will be required to provide himself with uniform (viz., the 
 Regulation undress uniform of an Assistant Surgeon, but without the 
 sword). 
 
 9. AH Candidates will be required to conform to such rules of disci- 
 pline as the Senate may from time to time enact. 
 
 The Army Medical School at Netley is attended by Medical men 
 who, after having received legal licenses to practise Medicine and 
 Surgery, are admitted by competition into the Medical Department of 
 H.M.'s Army, Navy^ and Indian Services. Each gentleman remains four 
 months at the School. (See Netley Army and Navy Medical School.) 
 
 Rules for the Examination of Assistant Surgeons previous 
 TO PROMOTiQN.^This Examination is intended as a test for promotion, 
 and may be taken at any time after the Assistant Surgeon has served 
 five or more years. 
 
 When Assistant Surgeons have served the -requisite time they will be 
 examined in the following manner : — A series of printed questions, 
 prepared by the Examining Board, will be sealed and sent by the 
 Director-General to the principal Medical Officers of stations where 
 Assistant Surgeons eligible for examination may be serving at the time. 
 It will be the duty of the principal Medical Officer of the station to 
 deliver these sealed questions to the Assistant Surgeons, and to see that 
 they are answered without the assistance of books, notes, or communi- 
 cation with any other person. The answers are to be signed, and 
 deHvered sealed to the principal Medical Officer, who is to send them, 
 unopened, to the Director-General, together with a certificate from the 
 Surgeon of the Regiment, or other superior Medical Officer, that the 
 Assistant Surgeon has availed himself of every opportunity of practising 
 surgical operations on the dead body. 
 
 The Assistant Surgeon will also be required to transmit, together with 
 his answers to the Director-General, a Medico-Topographical account of 
 the station where he may happen to be at the time, or of some other 
 station where he may have been resident sufficiently long to enable him 
 to collect the necessary information for such a report. Failing this, he 
 
176 SOATS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 will send a Medico-Statistical Report of his regiment for a period of at 
 least twelve months. 
 
 If the Examining Board is satisfied with the replies to the questions, 
 and the Director-General is satisfied with the certificates and with the 
 Medico-Topographical or Statistical Report, the Assistant Surgeon will 
 be held qualified for promotion. 
 
 The Assistant Surgeon will thus be subjected to three separate Exa- 
 minations within the first ten years of his service, each Examination 
 having a definite object. The first, to ascertain, previous to his ad- 
 mission into the Service as a Candidate, his scientific and professional 
 education, and to test his acquirements in the various branches of pro- 
 fessional knowledge ; the second, after having passed through a course 
 of special instruction in the Army Medical School, to test his knowledge 
 of the special duties of an Army Medical Officer; and the third, 
 previous to his promotion, to ascertain that he has kept pace with the 
 progress of Medical Science. 
 
 Wavy Medical Department. — Every Candidate desirous of 
 presenting himself for admission to the Naval Medical Service must be 
 not under twenty-one nor over twenty-eight years of age. He must pro- 
 duce a certificate from the District Registrar, in which the date of birth 
 is stated; or, if this cannot be obtained, an affidavit from one of the 
 parents or other near relative, who can attest the date of birth, will be 
 accepted. He must also produce a certificate of moral character. 
 
 [The same rules as to physical fitness, &c., prevail as in connection with the 
 Medical Department of India and the Army Medical Department. The Examina- 
 tions are the same, and also the arrangements as to JJetley School.] 
 
 After completing three years' Full-Pay Service, Assistant Surgeons 
 will be allowed to be examined for the rank of Surgeon, but no Assistant 
 Surgeon can be promoted to the rank of Surgeon until he shall have 
 served five years, two of which must have been in a ship actually 
 employed at sea. 
 
 Assistant Surgeons at Home, after completing their time for examina- 
 tion for the rank of Surgeon, may be granted two months' leave of 
 absence on Full Pay, on condition of their resuming their studies at a 
 Medical School or Hospital. 
 
 Promotion to the rank of Staff Surgeon is open to Officers for dis- 
 tinguished or special service, although twenty years on Full Pay may 
 not have been completed; such Staff Surgeons will have i6s. a day 
 Half Pay. 
 
 Staff Surgeons rank with Commanders, according to date of Com- 
 mission. 
 
 The whole time served on Full Pay as an Assistant Surgeon to be 
 allowed to Surgeons to qualify for the rank of Staff Surgeon, provided 
 the Examination for Surgeon is passed before the Officer completes ten 
 years' service, otherwise only ten years served as Assistant Surgeon will 
 be allowed to count. 
 
 Staff Surgeons are appointed to the Flag Ships of Commanders- 
 in-Chief on Foreign Stations, with an allowance of ss. a day in addition 
 to their established pay. 
 
 The Hospital Allowances for Naval Medical Officers at Home and 
 
GOVERNMENT COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS. 177 
 
 Abroad, in lieu of provisions for themselves and servants, and for fuel 
 and light, are as follows : — 
 
 At home. Abroad. 
 
 Inspectors-General of Hospitals 85 130 
 
 Deputy Inspectors-General 67 112 
 
 StafF-Surgeons and Surgeons 53 112 
 
 Assistant Surgeons 39 108 
 
 In cases where Medical Officers draw provisions or fuel from public 
 stores, they will be charged for the same at cost price. 
 
 The travelling allowances, extra pay, lodging money, and compensa- 
 tion for losses, are fixed for Naval Medical Officers according to their 
 relative rank in the Service. 
 
 Medical Officers have cabins according to their relative rank in the 
 Service, excepting always that the Senior Executive Officer of whatever 
 rank has the one most suitable for his duties. 
 
 Commissions in the Army, — ^The Rkgulations with regard 
 to Direct Commissions in the Army are at present (187 1) undergoing 
 revision, but the Examinations of Candidates may be gathered from 
 the following official Memorandum, which will probably undergo only 
 slight modifications. 
 
 The Examinations will be held in London at such periods as the 
 exigencies of the Service may require, and be conducted under the 
 direction of the Civil Service Commissioners by Examiners appointed 
 for the purpose. The number of Candidates summoned to attend each 
 Examination will be limited to the requirements of the Service. 
 
 The age of Candidates examined for direct appointments will be, until 
 further notice, from seventeen to twenty years for the Infantry, from seventeen 
 to twenty-two years for the Cavalry, and from seventeen to twenty-six years 
 for Colonial Corps. 
 
 The Candidate will be examined by a Medical Board, to ascertain 
 that he is in every point of view, as regards his physical constitution, fit 
 for Mihtary Service. 
 
 He will be required to produce the following Certificates, which must 
 be forwarded to the Military Secretary, Horse Guards, S.W., as soon as 
 possible after the receipt of the Military Secretary's order to attend for 
 examination. — i. A Certificate of Baptism, or other satisfactory proof of 
 age. 2. A Certificate from a Minister of the Church or of the denomi- 
 nation to which he belongs, that he has been duly instructed in the 
 principles of religion. 3. A Certificate of good moral character, signed 
 by a Clergyman of the parish to which he belongs, or by the tutor or 
 head of the school or college at which he has received his education for 
 at least the two preceding years j or such other proof of good moral 
 character as will be satisfactory to the Commander-in-Chief. 4. A state- 
 ment of the subjects in which he wishes to be Examined. 
 
 Examination. — The following will be the subjects of Examination, 
 but no Candidate will be allowed to be examined in more than Five of 
 these subjects: — 
 
 Marks. 
 
 T,, r-i ■ f Latin 2,000 
 
 The Classics \^^^^^ ^(^ 
 
 Mathematics, pure and mixed 3.600 
 
 N 
 
178 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Marks. 
 
 Bnglish Language 1,200 
 
 Modem Languages (not including Provincial Dialects) . 1,200 
 
 Each Modem Language is reckoned as one subject. 
 
 History, Ancient and Modem, with Geography . . 1,200 
 
 Natural Sciences, i.e. Mifferalogy and Geology . . 1,200 
 Experimental Sciences, i.e. Chemistry, Heat, Electricity, 
 
 including Magnetism I, zoo 
 
 Drawing 600 
 
 Of the foregoing subjects, the elementary branches of Mathematics 
 and the English Language, to the extent stated in the following para- 
 graphs, will be considered obligatory :• — ■ 
 
 In Mathematics, 1,200 marks will be given to the following obligatory- 
 portions, viz., Arithmetic, including Vulgar and Decimal Fractions — 
 Proportion — Extraction of the Square Root — and Simple Interest. 
 Algebra, including Fractions, Simple Equations, and questions producing 
 them : Euclid, the first three Books. Of the 1,200 marks allotted to 
 « the foregoing portions of Mathematics, 400 will be required for qualifi- 
 cation, and of these at least 200 must be obtained in Arithmetic. In 
 the English Language, the Candidate will be required to write correctly 
 and in a good legible hand from dictation, and to compose grammati- 
 cally. He will be required to obtain at least 200 marks in this subject. 
 Out of the remaining subjects the Candidate may select any three. No 
 Candidate will be allowed to count the marks gained in any one of the 
 three voluntary subjects, unless amounting to one-sixth of the whole 
 number of marks allotted to that subject ; and for qualification, he will 
 be required to obtain on his five subjects a total of 1,500 marks. In 
 the Examination in Classics, passages will be given for translation from 
 the books usually read at schools ; grammatical questions will be set, 
 and English passages also given for translation into the Latin and Greek 
 languages. 
 
 The Result of each Examination will be reported to the Commander- 
 in-Chief, and the names of any Candidates who distinguish themselves 
 will be specially brought to his notice. 
 
 An Unsuccessful Candidate will not be debarred from applying to the 
 Commander-in-Chief for permission to attend a future Examination. No 
 Candidate, however, will be allowed more than three trials. Should a 
 Candidate obtain only between 700 and 1,200 marks, he will not be 
 allowed to present himself for re-examination for at least six months. If 
 he obtains less than 700 marks, a period of at least twelve months must 
 elapse before he can be allowed to present himself again. In all cases 
 permission to be re-examined must depend upon the number of appli- 
 cants on the list. In subsequent Examinations no credit will be given 
 for the marks gained by a Candidate on former occasions. In the event 
 of a Candidate not appearing for Examination at the time appointed, 
 such Candidate will not be permitted to attend on the next occasion, 
 and he will render himself liable to have his name either erased entirely 
 or placed at the bottom of the hst of those noted for Examination. 
 
 On account of the large number of supernumerary Officers to be 
 absorbed, it is calculated that there will be no Commissions available in 
 the Cavalry or Infantry of the Line until September, 1871 ; and between 
 that time and March, 1873, there will be, so far as can be calculated, 
 200 of such Commissions at his Royal Highness's disposal. 
 
GOVERNMENT COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS. 179 
 
 Twelve Commissions in Cavalry or Infantry Regiments of the Line 
 will be given annually to University Candidates on his Royal Highness's 
 list who have taken the necessary degree. 
 
 From and after the ist July next, no. Candidates will be noted for 
 Commissions in the Cavalry or Infantry of the Line who have passed 
 the age of fourteen. 
 
 Any later Regulations that may be issued will, if possible, be inserted in the 
 Appendix to this volume. 
 
 Military Secretary, W. J. Foster, Esq., Horse Guards. 
 
 Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. Governor, H.RH. 
 THE Duke of Cambridge. Object. — The Royal Military Academy is 
 maintained for the purpose of affording a preparatory Education to 
 Candidates for the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers. This 
 Education will be chiefly technical, and will in no obligatory subject be 
 carried beyond the points useful to both Corps alike. 
 
 Regulations for Admission of Cadets. — Admission will be deter- 
 mined by Competition, unaccompanied by nomination. Notice will be 
 given from time to time of the Examinations for admission, which will 
 be conducted under the superintendence of the Civil Service Commis- 
 sioners, and will take place half-yearly, at Christmas and Midsummer. 
 
 The number of Cadets will vary, according to the requirements of the 
 Service. The limits of age for admission will be from sixteen to eighteen. 
 Any gentleman who wishes to present himself at one of the Competitive 
 Examinations must send in his name to the Military Secretary at the 
 Horse Guards one month before the Examination, forwarding with his 
 appHcation proof of age, certificate of moral character, and a statement 
 of the subjects in which he may desire to be examined. 
 
 Candidates will be inspected by Military Surgeons on the first day of 
 the Examination, in order that it may be ascertained that they are free 
 from any bodily defects calculated to interfere with the performance of 
 military duties. Extreme short sight, or any serious defect of vision, is 
 regarded as a disqualification. The number of trials allowed is limited 
 to three. 
 
 Qualifying Examination. — Every Candidate for admission to Cadet- 
 ship will be required to pass a Quahfpng Examination in the following 
 subjects, whether he takes them up among those in which he wishes to 
 compete or not, viz. : — i. Mathematics, viz., Arithmetic, including the 
 use of common Logarithms ; Algebra, including Quadratic Equations, 
 the Binomial Theorem, Arithmetical and Geometrical Progressions ; 
 Geometry as far as the Sixth Book of Euclid inclusive. 2. French or 
 German. 3. English Writing from Dictation. 4. Geometrical Drawing. 
 
 The Qualification required in these subjects shall be: — In Mathe- 
 matics one-half of the total number of marks allotted to the paper ; in 
 French or German one-fourth. The Candidate must satisfy the Ex- 
 aminer that he can write English correctly from dictation; and in 
 Geometrical Drawing he must draw with accuracy, neatness, and to 
 scale, the several problems of Euclid, for which he must gain 100 marks 
 out of a maximum of 300 nominally assigned to it. The marks gained 
 in any subject of the quahfying Examination, with the exception of 
 Mathematics, will not be counted for competition except when the 
 
iSo SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Candidate takes up that subject as one of those in which he wishes to 
 compete. 
 
 Competitive Examination. — Those Candidates only who pass the Qualifying 
 Examination will be allowed to compete in the Competitive Examination, the subjects 
 of which will be as follows : — 
 
 I. Mathematics, including the subjects of the Qualifying Examination, togetlier 
 with Plane Trigonometry, Mechanics, Hydrostatics, Spherical Trigo- 
 nometry, and Differential and Integral Calculus. 
 ' 2. English Composition (tested by the power of writing an Essay, Letter, or 
 or Precis), and English Literature, limited to specified authors. 
 1 20!. Enghsh Composition as above, and Enghsh History ; the Examination in 
 the latter subject being limited to certain iixed periods notified beforehand. 
 Subjects (2.) and (2a.) are alternative ; a Candidate will not be allowed to 
 take both. 
 
 3. Latin. 
 
 4. Greek. 
 
 5. French; the Examination to be partly coUoqraal. 
 
 6. German ; the Examination to be partly colloquial. 
 
 7. Experimental Sciences, viz., (a.) Chemistry and Heat; or (5.) Electricity 
 
 and Magnetism. Subjects [a.) and (S.) are alternative ; a Candidate will 
 not be allowed to take both. 
 
 8. Freehand (Figure and Landscape) Drawing. 
 
 Marks for these subjects wiU be given in the following proportions : — 
 I. Mathematics (including 1,500 allotted to the subjects of the 
 
 Qualifying Examination) 
 
 2. English Composition and Literature 
 
 4,000 
 1,500 
 
 [23. English Composition and History i,Soo 
 
 3. Latin 3,000 
 
 4. Greek 2,000 
 
 5. French 2,000 
 
 6. German 2,000 
 
 7. Experimental Sciences 1,500 
 
 8. Freehand Drawing 1,000 
 
 Of these eight subjects a Candidate will not be allowed to take up more than five for 
 competition, or six if Freehand Drawing be one of them. 
 
 A certain number, out of the total number of marks fixed for each subject, will be 
 deducted from all marks gained by a Candidate, the remainders being added to make 
 up a total according to which the place of the Candidate in the competitive list wiU 
 be determined. In the case of a Candidate who does not select Mathematics as one 
 of the subjects for competition the remainder of the marks gained in the Qualifying 
 Examination therein, after deducting a like number out of the total marks allowed for 
 Mathematics, will be added to this total. The successful Candidates wiU be taken 
 from those who stand first on the list so formed. 
 
 Fees. — The payment to be contributed on behalf of a Cadet will be as follows, , 
 and win be paid half-yearly in advance : — 
 
 Annually. 
 
 Queen's Cadets (if any) Nil. 
 
 For the Son of an Officer of the Army or Navy who has died in the 
 Service, and whose family is left in pecuniary distress, subject to 
 the approval of the Secretary of State for War .... 20 
 
 „ the Son of an Ofiicer below the rank of Colonel or Regimental 
 Field Officer in the Army, and Captain or Commander in the 
 Navy, or of an Instructor at the Royal Military Academy or 
 Royal Military College or Staff College 40 
 
 „ the Son of a Colonel or Regimental Field Officer in the Army, or 
 of Captain or Commander in the Navy, or of a Professor at the 
 Royal Military Academy or Royal Military College or Staff College 60 
 
 „ the Son of a General Officer who is not Colonel of a Regiment, or 
 
 of a Vice or Rear- Admiral 70 
 
 ,, the Son of an Admu-al or of a General Officer who is Colonel of a 
 
 Regiment or in receipt of Indian Colonel's allowances . . . 80 
 
 ,, the Son of a Private Gentleman 125 
 
GOVERNMENT COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS. 18 r 
 
 Each Cadet on first joining will be required to pay, in addition to the regulated 
 contribution, the sum of £2^ to cover the expense of uniform, books, &c., and to 
 bring with him the articles of clothing of which he will receive notice, and which 
 must afterwards be kept up at his own expense. He will also be required to pay the 
 regulated contribution in advance, for each half-year of the time during which he 
 remains under instruction ; and a deposit of £^ on account, for contingent expenses, 
 which latter sum he will be required to make up on returning to the Royal Military 
 Academy after each vacation, to cover any expense that may be incurred on his 
 account during the ensuing half-year. 
 
 If a Cadet be absent a whole Term in consequence of sickness or rustication, a pay- 
 ment of ^10 will be required for the privilege of his name being kept on the rolls of 
 the estabhshment, and for a vacancy being guaranteed at the commencement of the 
 next Term. 
 
 In the case of a Cadet who is an Orphan, whose annual contribution is only £20, 
 the amount to be paid when absence extends over a whole Term is to be determined 
 by the Secretai-y of State for War. If a Cadet be absent from sickness during a por- 
 tion of the Term, his pay will continue to be issued and credited to his account ; but 
 no re-fund of the contribution will be permitted. If rusticated or removed during a 
 Term, the daily pay will cease from the date on which the Cadet is sent away, and the 
 contribution made for the half-year will be forfeited. 
 
 The Pay of a Cadet is 3s. a day ; it is issued to cover the expense of 
 regimental clothing, messing, washing, and other contingencies. All 
 other necessary expenses of this nature, as well as weekly pocket money, 
 postage of letters, bootmaker's and tailor's bills for repairs, &c., which 
 cannot be covered by his pay, will be chargeable to his parent or guardian 
 in addition to the regulated contribution. 
 
 The Governor will have the absolute power of rustication and removal, 
 and also of sentencing a Cadet for misconduct to lose places in the list 
 of successful Candidates for Commissions ; when expulsion is necessary, 
 the case will be referred to the Secretary of State, through the Field- 
 Marshal Commanding-in-Chief The name of any Cadet expelled for 
 misconduct will be recorded in the office of the Field-Marshal Com- 
 manding-in-Chief, and will be made known to the First Lord of the 
 Admiralty, and to the Secretary of State for India, in order to prevent 
 his being admitted into her Majesty's Naval, Military, or Indian Service. 
 
 A sword will be given at each Final Examination, as a special reward 
 for excellence in conduct. The Governor will cause registers to be kept 
 of all serious punishments awarded, and of the offences which have 
 caused them. 
 
 Course of Instruction. — The length of the course of instruction 
 will be two years and a half. If any Cadet fail to come up to the required 
 standard at two Examinations, or be found unable to qualify in his 
 studies for a commission within three years, to be counted from the 
 commencement of the term in which he first joins, or to acquire a suffi- 
 cient proficiency in military exercises, he will be removed. No extension 
 of the above period of three years will be granted on account of absence 
 from any cause excepting illness. Cases of protracted absence on 
 account of illness will be specially referred for decision to the Secretary 
 of State for War, through the Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief 
 
 The following subjects will form the course of obligatory studies : — 
 
 1. Mathematics, including a thorough knowledge of Plane Trigonometry (the 
 above to form the first year's course) ; Practical Mechanics, with the apphcation of 
 mathematics to machinery. 
 
 2. Fortification, field and permanent ; such a course as is suitable to Cadets quali- 
 fying for the Artillery, and the requisite amount of Geometrical Drawing. 
 
 3. Artillery ; such a course as is suitable to Cadets qualifying for the Engineers. 
 
,i82 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 4. Militarj- Drawing, with field sketching and reconnaissance. 
 
 5. Military History and Geography. 
 
 6. French or German, at the Cadet's choice. 
 
 7. Elementary Chemistry and Physics. 
 
 8. Drills and Exercises. 
 
 In addition to the obligatory course, every Cadet will be allowed, at 
 his option, to take up certain voluntary subjects, viz. : — 
 
 1. Higher Mathematics. 
 
 2. Higher portions of Fortification, 
 
 3. A second modem language, French or German. 
 
 4. Freehand, Figure, and Landscape Drawing, 
 
 5. Higher Chemistry. 
 
 1 G '^ I Instructions in these subjects to be given by the Chaplain. 
 
 A Cadet will not be allowed to take up more than three of these 
 voluntary subjects, or four with Freehand Drawing, nor will he be 
 permitted to change the subjects he has selected until after his first 
 Examination in them. 
 
 Marks will be assigned to the obligatory Subjects of Instruction in the 
 following proportions : — 
 
 Mathematics and Mechanics 7 
 
 Fortification 7 
 
 Artillery . 5 
 
 Military Drawing and Reconnaissance .... 6 
 
 Military History, &c 3 
 
 One modern language, French or German .... 2 
 
 Elementary Chemistry and Physics 2 
 
 (•Manual, Platoon, and Company Drill . \\ 
 
 Drills and I Gymnastics ^ I 2+ 
 
 Exercises 1 Riding and Sword Exercises . . . If 
 
 VArtillery 2 J 
 
 The voluntary subjects shall be valued as follows : — 
 
 Higher Mathematics 5 
 
 Higher Fortification 3 
 
 Latin 2 
 
 Greek 2 
 
 One second foreign language, French or German ... 2 
 
 Freehand, Figure, and Landscape Drawing - ... 2 
 
 Higher Chemistry ........ 2 
 
 No obligatory subject shall gain a Cadet any marks unless he obtain a 
 minimum of one-half marks in it. 
 
 No Cadet will be insured a Commission unless he qualify by obtaining 
 at least one-half marks in the obligatory course in Mathematics and 
 Mechanics, Fortification and Artillery, and one-half of the total aggregate 
 of the marks allotted to all the obligatory subjects. 
 
 No voluntary subject shall gain a Cadet any marks unless he obtain 
 a minimum of at least one-third of the marks assigned to that portion of 
 it in which he is examined. The marks gained in the voluntary subjects 
 will be added to those obtained in the obligatory subjects, to make a 
 second total, according to which Cadets shall be finally placed. 
 
 The periodical Examinations will be entirely conducted by Examiners 
 independent of the Academy, the whole of the marks, except those 
 reserved for note books and drawing, being allotted according to their 
 results. 
 
 The Appointments of MiKtary Professors and Instructors, in connec- 
 
ROYAL MARINES. 183 
 
 tion with the Royal Military Academy, are open to Officers of all ranks. 
 Some of them are also open to Civilians. The following are the Rates 
 of Pay to the Officers of Open Appointments : — 
 
 Captain of Company I2s. daily, and regimental pay, forage allowance for one horse, 
 quarters, fuel and light, and two soldier servants. 
 
 Lieutenants, 4s. each daily, and regimental pay, quarters, fuel and light, and one 
 soldier servant. 
 
 Adjutant and Quartermaster, 5s. daily, and regimental pay as Lieutenant, quarters, 
 fuel and light, forage allowance for one horse, and two soldier servants. 
 
 Surgeon, according to his rank in the Department. 
 
 Chaplain and Classical Instructor, ;^40O yearly, and quarters, fuel and light. 
 
 Professor of Mathematics, if a Civilian, ^^550 t0;^7CX) yearly, by a triennial increase 
 
 Professor of Mathematics, if an Officer, £SS° yearly, without increase. 
 Instructors of Mathematics, if Civilians, ^^350 to £y>o each yearly, by a triennial 
 increase of ^^50. 
 
 Instructors of Mathematics, if Officers, ;^4SO yearly, without increase. 
 
 Professor of Fortification, ;^550 yearly. 
 
 Instructors of Fortification and Geometrical Drawing, ;^4S0 each yearly. 
 
 Professor of Artillery, £sy> yearly. 
 
 Instructors of Artillery, ^^450 yearly. 
 
 Professor of MiUtary Drawing, ;^S50 yearly. 
 
 Instructors of Military Drawing, ^^450 each yearly. 
 
 Professor of Military History, 2^500 yearly. 
 
 Professor of French, j^350 yearly. 
 
 Professor of German, ;f 350 yearly. 
 
 Professor of Landscape iSrawing, ;^3S0 yearly. 
 
 Professor of Chemistry, ;^400 yearly. 
 
 Military Secretary, W. Foster, Horse Guards. 
 
 Royal Military College, Sandhurst. — The Regulations are at 
 present (1871) under Revision. (See Appendix.) 
 
 Royal Marines. — ^Royal Naval College, and the "Bri- 
 tannia" Training SMp, Dartmouth. — Examinations pre- 
 paratory TO Commissions in the Royal Marines. — I. — A limited 
 number of Candidates will be selected to compete for Commissions in 
 the Royal Marines, but no person will be eligible who is under seventeen 
 or above nineteen years of age, or under five feet six inches in height, on 
 the day of Examination. The Examinations will take place half-yearly, 
 on the first Wednesday in the month of June, and the third Wednesday 
 in the month of November. 
 
 II. — Every Candidate, on presenting himself for Examination at the 
 Royal Naval College at Portsmouth, will be required to produce the 
 following : — 
 
 1. A Certificate of Age. 
 
 2. A Certificate of Good Conduct from the Masters of the Schools at which he 
 
 has studied during the last three years, or, in the event of his having been 
 privately educated, from the Clergyman of his Parish, or some person com- 
 petent to judge of and certify to his general good conduct. 
 
 3. A solemn Declaration from his nearest of kin, that, to the best of his or her 
 
 belief, he does not suffer from, nor has been subject to, any disease or 
 infirmity of mind or body which may incapacitate him from the perfect per- 
 formance of his duty as an Officer in the Corps of Royal Marines. 
 
 4. A Certificate from one of the principal Medical Ofiicers of the Royal Marine 
 
 Barracks at Forton, that he is of sound bodily health, that he does not 
 stammer, and has no other physical defect. 
 
 5. A statement of the subjects in which he wishes to be Examined. 
 
1 84 SOMS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 III. — The following will be the subjects of Examination, and the 
 number of marks allotted to each, viz. : — 
 
 The Classics {L^^, ; ; ; : ; ; ; ; ; ''^ 
 
 Mathematics, Pure and Mixed 3i6°° 
 
 English Language 1,200 
 
 ,, , T f French 2,000 
 
 Modem Languages I ^^y^jj^g^ I^^oo 
 
 History, Ancient and Modern, with Geography .... 1,200 
 
 Natural Sciences, i.e. Mineralogy and Geology . . . _ . 9°° 
 Experimental Sciences, i.e. Chemistry, Heat, Electricity, including 
 
 Magnetism 9°° 
 
 Drawing, including Geometrical and Landscape Drawing . . 1,200 
 
 IV. — Of the foregoing subjects, the elementary branches of Mathe- 
 matics and the English and French Languages, and Geometrical Draw- 
 ing, to the extent stated in the following paragraphs, will be considered 
 obligatory ; — 
 
 I. In Mathematics, 1, 200 marks will be given to the following obligatory por- 
 tions, viz.. Arithmetic, including Vulgar and Decimal Fractions, Proportion, 
 Extraction of tlie Square Root, and Simple Interest. 
 Algebra, including Fractions, Simple Equations, and questions producing them ; 
 
 Euclid, the first three books. 
 Of the 1,200 marks allotted to the foregoing portions of Mathematics, 400 will 
 be required for qualification, and of these at least' 200 must be obtained in 
 Arithmetic. 
 i. In the English Language the Candidate will be required to write correctly 
 from dictation, and in a good legible hand, and to compose grammatically. 
 He will be required to obtain at least 200 marks in this subject. 
 
 3. In the French Language the Candidate will be required to translate and parse 
 
 a passage from a prose author, and to be able to frame easy sentences. 
 
 4. The Candidate will be required to obtain 200 marks in Geometrical Drawing. 
 
 5. Out of the remaining subjects or portions of subjects, which are left to the 
 
 option of the Candidate, such a number of marks must be obtained as shall 
 raise the total to 2,000, the number necessary for qualification. 
 
 6. Candidates must provide themselves with Drawing Instruments, Paint 
 
 Brushes, and Indian Ink. 
 
 V. — In respect to the voluntary subjects, Candidates will not be 
 allowed to count the marks gained in any one subject, unless amounting 
 to one-sixth of the whole number of marks allotted to that subject. In 
 the Examination in Classics, passages will be given for translation from 
 the books usually read at schools ; grammatical questions will be set, 
 and English passages also given for translation into the Latin and 
 Greek languages. 
 
 VI .^ — The result of each Examination will be reported to the Ad- 
 miralty, and the names of those 'Candidates who are recommended to 
 be sent to the Royal Naval College to study for the Royal Marine 
 Artillery will be specified. 
 
 VII. — If a Candidate be not successful in the competition, and yet 
 pass the test of qualification, he will be allowed to compete once again 
 at the following Examination, although at that time he shall exceed the 
 age of nineteen years. 
 
 VIII. — All the Examinations will be conducted at the Rgyal Naval 
 College by Examiners appointed by the Admiralty under the direction 
 of the Superintendent. 
 
 IX. — Before a gentleman can receive a Commission as a Second 
 Lieutenant, he must deposit the sum of -Q?>q with the Accountant- 
 General of the Navy to provide for his being properly equipped. 
 
ROYAL MARINES. 185 
 
 NAVAL CADETS AND MIDSHIPMEN. 
 
 The Lords Commissioners of the Admirahy having decided — 
 
 (i) To increase the time during which Naval Cadets will be under 
 training, part of such time being spent in sea-going training 
 ships, and the whole period being considered one of proba- 
 tion; 
 
 (2) To introduce the system of limited competition for Naval 
 
 Cadetshipsj and 
 
 (3) Still further to reduce the number of Naval Cadets annually 
 
 entered ; 
 have been pleased to make the following Regulations : — 
 
 1. Two Examinations for Naval Cadetships will be held annually 
 under the direction of the Admiralty Director of Education, viz., on the 
 third Wednesday in June, and on the last Wednesday in November, but 
 the appointments, as Cadets, of the successful Candidates will date from 
 the isth July or the 15 th January. 
 
 2. No Candidate will be eligible for Examination in November whose 
 age will not be within the prescribed limits on the isth January follow- 
 ing, or for Examination in June whose age will not be within the pre- 
 scribed limits on the 15th of July following. 
 
 3. The limits of age for Examination in June, 1870, were not less 
 than twelve nor naore than thirteen and a half years of age. 
 
 But in future no Candidate is to be Examined in June who is under 
 twelve or above thirteen years of age. 
 
 4. The number of Naval Cadets to be entered at each Examination 
 will for the present be reduced to thirty-seven ; and twice the number 
 for entry will be nominated to compete. Not more than half the num- 
 ber actually Examined by the Director of Education will be entered. 
 
 Should fewer than the authorised number pass at any Examination 
 the difference will be made up at the next Examination, and the number 
 nominated will be proportionately increased. 
 
 5. Every Candidate will be required to pass the Medical Examina- 
 tion according to the prescribed regulations, under the direction of the 
 Medical Director-General of the Navy at Somerset House, and must 
 have been found physically fit for the Royal Navy before going up for 
 the Educational Examination. 
 
 He must be in good health, and free from any physical defect of body, 
 impediment of speech, defect of sight or hearing, and also from any 
 predisposition to constitutional or hereditary disease or weakness of any 
 kind, and in all respects well developed and active in proportion to 
 his age. 
 
 Any Candidate .rejected at the Medical Examination will be finally 
 excluded from the Royal Navy. 
 
 6. The Candidate will be required to produce (i) a registrar's certi- 
 ficate* of birth, or declaration thereof made before a magistrate; (2) a 
 certificate of good conduct from the masters of any schools at which he 
 may have been educated within the two previous years, or, if educated 
 at home, from his tutors or the clergyman of the parish in which he 
 resides ; and (3) a certificate of good health. 
 
 * A Certificate of Baptism will not be accepted. 
 
1 86 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 7. The Candidates will be required : — Marks assigned. 
 (a.) To read a passage from a modem standard English author with 
 
 intelligence .......... 5° 
 
 (5.) To write English from dictation correctly in a legible hand , 100 
 \c!) To read, translate, and parse a passage from French . . . 100 
 
 The aid of a dictionary will be allowed in this translation. 
 
 They will also be required to have a satisfactory knowledge of: — 
 
 (d.) Ajithmetic, as far as Proportion and Vulgar and Decimal 
 
 Fractions 150 
 
 {e.) Scripture History 100 
 
 No Candidate will be qualified to compete unless he obtains at least 
 four-tenths of the marks assigned to each of these subjects, and 250 
 marks in the aggregate. 
 
 8. Candidates so qualified will be further examined in any three of 
 the following subjects they may select, — or four, if Drawing be one : — 
 
 Marks assigned. 
 
 Elementary Mathematics, yiz.. 
 
 Arithmetic. Miscellaneous examples. 
 (_/.) ■ Algebra. As far as easy Simple Equations of one unknown ■ 300 
 quantity, and easy Fractions 
 
 Euclid. Book I. to Prop. XXXII. inclusive 
 {g.) French. More advanced, including Translation of English into 
 
 French 100 
 
 (A.) Latin. To read, translate, and parse a passage from the first 
 
 two books of Caesar de Bello Gallico, or Virgil's .^neid, and 
 
 to translate easy passages from English into Latin . . 200 
 
 (i.) English History. From the commencement of the reign of 
 
 James I. to the present day 100 
 
 {k.) The outlines of Modem Geography ...... 100 
 
 (/.) To read, translate, and parse a passage from German, Italian, 
 
 or Spanish, and to render anEnglish passage into that language 100 
 (?«.) Elementary Drawing, Freehand, and from Models . . . 100 
 
 No marks amounting to less than one-sixth in a voluntary subject will 
 be counted towards the total. 
 
 g. A Candidate who obtains the number of marks prescribed for 
 passing, but who may not be successful in the competition, will be 
 allowed to compete once again at the next Examination without under- 
 going a fresh Medical Examination, although he may then be over-age ; 
 but no Candidate will be allowed to compete more than twice. 
 
 10. Any Candidate who fails to appear at the next Examination after 
 he has obtained a nomination will not be allowed to present himself 
 without a fresh nomination, except in the case of illness, certified by a 
 physician or surgeon, approved by their Lordships, in which latter case 
 non-appearance will have the effect of unsuccessful competition, entitling 
 the Candidate to present himself at the following Examination only. 
 
 11. Every Flag Officer (except an Admiral Superintendent of a dock- 
 yard), on hoisting his flag, will be allowed three comp~etitive nominations ; 
 every Commodore of the first class, two ; every Captain appointed to 
 the command of a ship of whatever class (except Captains of stationary 
 ships, Captains Superintendent of dockyards or victualling-yards, and 
 the Captain of the yacht), one ; but no officer will be allowed to exercise 
 this right a second time within three years ; and no Captain appointed 
 to a ship during her commission will be allowed a nomination if the 
 right has been exercised within a year during the same commission by a 
 previous Captain. 
 
 Officers having nominations must exercise their privilege before the 
 
ROYAL MARINES. 187 
 
 15 th April for the June Examination, and before the ist October for the 
 November Examination. If they fail to nominate for the first Examina- 
 tion after their appointment, they will only be allowed to nominate for 
 the following Examination. 
 
 If a Candidate, nominated at the first Examination at which an 
 officer can exercise his privilege, fails to pass the test at the Medical 
 Examination, the officer will be allowed a fresh nomination for the 
 following Examination, but in no other case. No fresh nomination 
 will be allowed where the Candidate fails to pass the test at the Examina- 
 tion under the Director of Education. 
 
 12. Seven nominations will be given annually to the Colonies, under 
 the regulations hitherto in force as to Nomination and Examination ; 
 but the limits of age will be from twelve to thirteen and a half if examined 
 before the 15th October, 1870 — from twelvemo thirteen if examined after 
 that date. 
 
 Cadets passing in the Colonies will, in all other respects, be subject 
 to these regulations, and must be at once sent to England to undergo 
 the course of training. 
 
 Printed Examination papers will be sent out to Commanders-in-Chief 
 and Senior Officers on foreign stations, under seal, and the Candidates' 
 Examination papers, with a report of the marks awarded at the Exami- 
 nation, are to be forwarded to the Admiralty (should the Candidate 
 succeed in passing), together with the duplicate certificate of health. 
 
 13. For all Cadets, including Colonial Cadets, entered under these 
 regulations, the annual rate of payment will be at the rate of j^^^o per 
 annum for the period in the " Britannia," and ;£'so for the year in the 
 sea-going training ship, to be paid half-yearly, in advance, to the 
 Accountant-General of the Navy. But the Lords Commissioners of the 
 Admiralty reserve the power of selecting from among the Candidates 
 nominated at each half-yearly Examination a number, not to exceed 
 twelve, being sons of Officers of the Royal Navy or Marines, or of Civil 
 Officers under the Board of Admiralty, with respect to whom the annual 
 payment for the two years in the " Britannia " will be ;£'4o only. In 
 selecting these their Lordships will have regard solely to the pecuniary 
 circumstances of the Parents of the Cadets. 
 
 In the event of the full number so selected not succeeding in the 
 competition, their Lordships will, if they think proper, make the number 
 up from among the sons of Officers as above who have succeeded at that 
 Examination. 
 
 14. Candidates who succeed in the competition will be appointed to 
 the " Britannia." 
 
 15. The date of entry of those who pass in June is to reckon from 
 the isth of July of the same year; of those who pass in November from 
 the isth of January of the next year. 
 
 16. The period of training on board the "Britannia" will be four 
 terms ; there will be two terms in each year, instead of three. The 
 first term of each year will be from February to July, the second from 
 August to December. 
 
 The Vacations will be — six weeks at Midsummer, six weeks at Christ- 
 mas, and a week at Easter. 
 
 1 7. There will be an Examination at the end of each term, and an 
 intermediate Examination at Easter for Cadets in their first year, 
 
1 88 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 1 8. Cadets who join in August, and who pass an unsatisfactory- 
 Examination in December, will be warned that they will be discharged at 
 the following Easter if they do not show sufficient improvement. Cadets 
 who join in February, and pass an unsatisfactory Examination at Easter, 
 will be similarly warned with respect to the Examination in July._ 
 
 Any Cadet who passes unsatisfactorily at a subsequent Examination 
 will be discharged. 
 
 19. Notice will be given of the minimum number of marks which 
 must be obtained at each Examination. 
 
 20. At the Examination at the end of the fourth term Cadets will be 
 classified according to their merits in study and conduct ; and they will 
 be allowed time for their service in the " Britannia" as follows : — 
 Study : ist Class, nine months ; 2nd Class, six months ; 3rd Class, 
 none. Very good conduct : ist, 2nd, and 3rd Class, each three months. 
 
 21. The Examination and rating of Cadets, as Midshipmen, in the 
 sea-going training ships is to be regulated according to the time notified 
 in their certificates, tlius : — 
 
 Cadets who obtain twelve months' time will be rated as Midshipmen 
 at once on passing out of the " Britannia." 
 
 Cadets who obtain 9 months' time will have to serve 3 months 
 
 ?J ^ 5J JJ ^ J) 
 
 )j 3 ?> 77 9 J) 
 
 „ _ _ no time „ _ „ 12 „ 
 
 in the sea-going training ships before being rated as Midshipmen. 
 
 22. After passing the final Examination in the " Britannia" the Mid- 
 shipmen and Cadets will be appointed to a sea-going training ship for 
 one year. 
 
 23. Any Cadet or Midshipman who, at any time during his three 
 years' probation, may be certified by the Medical Officer of the " Bri- 
 tannia," or of the sea-going training ship, to have become subject to 
 any disease or physical defect likely to render him unfit for service, will, 
 on the circumstances being reported to "their Lordships, be at once 
 discharged. 
 
 24. After six months in the sea-going training ship an Examination is 
 to be held, and at the end of twelve months a second ; and any Mid- 
 shipman or Cadet failing to pass the test at either of these Examinations 
 will be at once discharged from her Majesty's Service. 
 
 At the latter of these Examinations they will be classified in three 
 classes, both for seamanship and study. 
 
 25. The Examination paper for the first Examination will be trans- 
 mitted under seal to the sea-going training ship ; and the work of 
 the Cadets or Midshipmen is to be returned under seal to the Ad- 
 miralty. 
 
 26. Full time will be allowed to every Midshipman or Cadet for his 
 period of service in the sea-going training ship ; but additional time 
 will be allowed to every Midshipman or Cadet whose conduct has been 
 uniformly good, as under : — 
 
 Months. 
 
 ist Class Seamanship .... 3 
 
 ist „ Study .... 3 
 
 In the case of those who, having gained twelve months in the 
 
 " Britannia,'' gain also six months' time in the sea-going training ship, 
 
ROYAL MARINES. 189 
 
 the rule as to the age (nineteen) of passing for Lieutenant will be relaxed, 
 and they will be allowed to pass at eighteen, provided they have 
 completed the necessary service ; but they will not be ehgible for pro- 
 motion from the rank of Sub-Ueutenant to that of Lieutenant till they 
 are nineteen years of age. 
 
 27. The period of service required to enable Officers to pass for 
 Lieutenant will be five years, including the time allowed in the training 
 ships, but this rule will only apply to Officers who entered the Service 
 under these Regulations. 
 
 28. The Parent or Guardian of every Cadet will be required to pro- 
 vide outfit as under the present Regulations, and to sign a declaration 
 (on the admission of the Cadet to the " Britannia") to the effect that 
 he shall be immediately withdrawn on the receipt of an official intima- 
 tion of his being considered unfit for the Royal Navy. 
 
 CADETS FOR NAVIGATING DUTIES. 
 
 Navigating Cadets will be nominated solely by their Lordships — and 
 in every respect, with the following exceptions, they will be subject to 
 the previous Regulations : — 
 
 Twenty-four are to be entered annually by competition — twelve at 
 each half-yearly Examination ; twenty-four Nominations are to be made 
 for each Examination. 
 
 The annual payment for Navigating Cadets will be £,ifi for both the 
 home and the sea-going training ships. Those who do not obtain the 
 rating of Navigating Midshipmen on passing out of the " Britannia " 
 will be allowed an intermediate rate of pay of 2s. 3d. a day (;£'4i is. 3d. 
 a year) until they obtain that rating. 
 
 COLONIAL CADETS. 
 
 Cadets examined in the Flag Ships abroad will, if they pass, be 
 entered as Supernumeraries for Victuals only, and sent home in any 
 man-of-war or transport about to leave for England, to join the 
 " Britannia." In the event of no such ship being about to leave for 
 England, passage, including mess, at the pubhc expense, is to be pro- 
 vided for them by mail packet, or by private ship ; the latter being 
 preferred where the packet fares are high. 
 
 They will not count time or receive pay until they join the "Britannia," 
 and arrangements are to be made that, if possible, they may arrive in 
 England a short time before the commencement of a term, i.e. before 
 the ist February or the 31st August; and Parents are to arrange for the 
 payments, on their account, being received by the Accountant-General 
 prior to the Cadef s joining the " Britannia." 
 
 By Command of their Lordships, 
 
 Admiralty, Whitehall. Vernon Lushington. 
 
 Green"wich Hospital School. — The School consists of 800 
 boys, the sons of petty officers and seamen, and of non-commissioned 
 officers and privates of Marines, who have served or are now serving 
 in the Royal Navy or Coast Guard, and of other seafaring persons. 
 
 All claims for admission to the School will be judged of by a 
 
igo SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Committee of Selection appointed by their Lordships, in the following 
 order of precedence, special consideration being given to length of 
 service at sea : — 
 
 1. Orphans, both parents dead. 
 
 2. Sons of fathers killed, drowned, deceased, wounded, or seriously maimed in her 
 Majesty's service, or while employed by her Majesty on board a merchant ship, or in 
 action with an enemy, pirate, or rebel. 
 
 3. Those whose fathers having served in the Royal Navy or Marines, are dead. 
 
 4. Those whose fathers are serving, and whose mothers are dead. 
 
 5. Sons of Naval Pensioners, sons of Seamen and Marines now serving, both 
 parents living. 
 
 6. Sons of Seamen and Marines, including the Royal Naval Reserve, entitled to 
 the benefits of Greenwich Hospital, not included in the foregoing classes. 
 
 7. Sons of other seafaring persons. 
 
 N.B. — The Sons of Commissioned and other Officers are not absolutely excluded, 
 provided that, the peculiar circumstances of their case render them eligible for 
 this charity. 
 
 Applications for admission are to be made to the Secretary of the 
 Admiralty (Greenwich Hospital Branch), London, when the necessary 
 forms will be sent, which, when properly filled up, must be returned as 
 directed, with the two following certificates : — 
 
 1. A certificate of the marriage of the parents; or, if not attainable, other satis- 
 
 factory proof thereof. 
 
 2. Register of the child's birth. 
 
 The services of the fathers upon which the claim is founded will be 
 ascertained at the Admiralty, and due notice will be given without 
 further application, should the Boy be selected for admission into the 
 School. 
 
 Boys eligible for admission must be between nine and ten and a quarter 
 years of age, physically fit for sea-service, be able to read an easy 
 sentence, and possess a knowledge of the first four -rules in arithmetic, 
 and the applications must be registered between the ages of nine 
 and ten. 
 
 Boys will be discharged from the School on the first day of the month 
 succeeding that in which they shall attain thirteen years of age, unless 
 either they succeed by their talents, industry, and good conduct, in 
 obtaining admission into the " Selected Division " after Competitive 
 Examination, or volunteer, with the consent of their Parents or 
 Guardians, to enter the Royal Navy as Boys. 
 
 In the latter case, if they are reported physically fit, they will be 
 retained until fourteen and a half years of age, and then enter for 
 continuous service. 
 
 Vacancies occasioned by Boys unwilling or unfit for service in the 
 Royal Navy will be filled up by selection from the Sons of Seamen and 
 Marines who are thirteen years of age, fit and willing for service in the 
 Royal Navy, and able to pass a sufficient Examination in reading, 
 writing, and arithmetic. 
 
 Applications for admission of Boys at the age of thirteen must be 
 made six months previously, in the same manner as directed, and the 
 Parents or Guardians must sign an agreement, before the Boy is 
 admitted, that he shall serve in the Royal Navy for a period of ten 
 years' continuous and general service from the age of eighteen, in 
 addition to whatever period may be necessary until he attain that age. 
 
 The " Selected Division " will consist of eighty Boys. At the age of 
 
MASTERS, MATES, AND ENGINEERS. 191 
 
 fourteen the Boys in this division of the School will be required to enter 
 into an agreement, jointly with their Parents or Guardians, to enter the 
 Royal Navy at the conclusion of their tuition, in such capacities as they 
 may be found best qualified to fill. They will then be retained in the 
 School until fifteen and a half years of age, otherwise they will be 
 discharged. 
 
 The instruction of the Boys in the General School will comprise the 
 usual elements of a sound English education, alternating with practical 
 seamanship and other industrial occupations designed to prepare them 
 for a seafaring life. 
 
 In the " Selected Division," elementary Mathematics and Mechanics, 
 Nagivation, Nautical Astronomy, and French will be taught. 
 
 Children of Roman Catholics, or of Protestants not being members 
 of the Church of England, will not be required to learn the Church 
 Catechism, and will be allowed to attend convenient places of public wor- 
 ship, in accordance with the religious persuasion of their fathers, provided 
 appUcation be made to that effect at the time of admission, by the 
 father, if living ; and if the father be dead at the time of a child's admis- 
 sion, then the marriage certificate or baptismal register of such child, 
 according to the rites and ceremonies of any established religious com- 
 munity, of a date previous to the said father's death, will be received as 
 evidence of the religious tenets of the father; that is, provided no 
 authentic document written by the deceased father be produced, express- 
 ing a contrary wish or direction, as regards the religious instruction of 
 such child, 
 
 Greenwich Hospital Branch, Admiralty, S. W. 
 
 Examinations of Masters, Mates, and Eng^ineers. — 
 
 Under the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Act, no Foreign-going 
 Ship or Home Passenger Ship can obtain a clearance or transire, or 
 legally proceed to sea from any port in the United Kingdom, unless the 
 Master thereof, and in the case of a Foreign-going Ship the First and 
 Second Mates, or Only Mate; and in the case of a Home Trade 
 Passenger Ship, the First or Only Mate, have obtained and possess valid 
 Certificates either of Competency or Service appropriate to their several 
 stations in such ship, or of a higher grade. The owners of vessels incur 
 penalties for sending such ships to sea, except under the command of 
 properly Certified Officers. The Examinations are voluntary, and the 
 Certificates Honorary, but they confer the probabiUty of higher and 
 more constant employment upon the persons properly qualified. 
 
 In accordance with the requirements of the Act, the Board of Trade 
 has appointed Examiners, and made arrangements for holding Exami- 
 nations by Local Marine Boards in the following Ports : — 
 
 Aberdeen. 
 
 Leith. 
 
 Belfast. 
 
 Liverpool. 
 
 Bristol. 
 
 London. 
 
 Cork. 
 
 Newcastle. 
 
 Dublin. 
 
 Shields, N. 
 
 Dundee. 
 
 Shields, S. 
 
 Glasgow. 
 
 Southampton 
 
 Greenock. 
 
 Sunderland. 
 
 Hull. 
 
 Plymouth. 
 
192 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Certificates of Competency will be granted to those persons who 
 pass the Examinations, and otherwise comply with the requisite con- 
 ditions. Candidates for Examination must give in their names to the 
 Local Marine Board of the place where they desire to be Examined, on 
 or before the days of. Examination, except in the case of London and 
 Liverpool. In London appUcations for Examination must be made on 
 Fridays, from ten till four, and on Saturdays from ten till three. In Liver- 
 pool, on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, during office 
 hours. Testimonials of character, and of sobriety, experience, ability, 
 and good conduct on board ship will be required of all applicants, and 
 without producing them no person will be Examined. Applications for 
 information not herein contained should be made to the Registrar- 
 General OF Seamen, Adelaide Place, London Bridge; or of the 
 Superintendent of the Mercantile Marine Office of any of the Ports 
 previously named. Copies of the Regulations will be supplied free of 
 expense. 
 
 Qualifications for Certificates of Competency for a "Foreign-going 
 Ship." — A Second Mate must be seventeen years of age, and must have been four 
 years at sea. In Navigation, he must write a legible hand, and understand the first 
 five rules of arithmetic, and the use of logarithms. He must be able to work a day's 
 work complete, including the bearings and distance of the port he is bound to, by 
 Mercator's method; to correct the sun's declination for longitude, and find his 
 latitude by meridian altitude of the sun ; and to work such other easy problems of a 
 like nature as may be put to him. He must understand the use of the sextant, and 
 be able to observe with it, and read off the arc. In Seamanship, he must give satis- 
 factory answers as to the rigging and unrigging of ships, stowing of holds, &c. ; must 
 understand the measurement of the log-line, glass, and lead-line ; be conversant with 
 the rule of the road, as regards both steamers and sailing vessels, and the lights and 
 fog signals carried by them ; and will also be examined as to his acquaintance 
 with the Commercial Code of Signals for the use of all Nations. 
 
 An Only Mate must be ninetem years of age, and have been five years at sea. In 
 Navigation, in addition to the qualification required for a Second Mate, an Only 
 Mate must be able to observe and calculate the amplitude of the sun, and deduce the 
 variation of the compass therefrom, and be able to find the longitude by chronometer 
 by the usual methods. He must know how to lay oiF the place of the ship on the 
 chart, both by bearings of known objects, and by latitude and longitude. He must 
 be able to detennine the error of a sextant, and to adjust it ; also to find the time of 
 high water from the known time at full aiid change. In Seamanship, in addition to 
 what is required for a Second Mate, he must know how to moor and unmoor, and 
 to keep a clear anchor ; to carry out an anchor ; to stow a hold ; and to make the 
 requisite entries in the ship's log. He will also be questioned as to his knowledge of 
 the use and management of the mortar and rocket lines in the case of the stranding 
 of a vessel, as explained in the Official Log-book. 
 
 A First Mate must be nineteen years of age, and have served five years at sea, of 
 which one year must have been as either Second or Only Mate, or as both. In 
 Navigation, in addition to the qualification required for an Only Mate, he must be able 
 to observe azimuths and compute the variation ; to compare chronometers and keep 
 their rates, and find the longitude by them from an observation of the sun ; to work 
 the latitude by single altitude of the sun off the meridian ; and be able to use and 
 adjust the sextant by the sun. In Seamanship, in addition to the qualification 
 required for an Only Mate, a more extensive knowledge of seamanship wiU be required, 
 as to shifting large spars and sails, managing a sliip in stormy weather, taking in and 
 making sail, shifting yards and masts, &c., and getting heavy weights, anchors, &c., 
 in and out ; casting a ship on a lea-shore ; and securing the masts in the event of 
 accident to the bowsprit. 
 
 A Master must be twenty-one years of age, and have been six years at sea, of 
 which at least one year must have been as First or Only Mate, and one year as 
 Second Mate. In addition to the qualification for a First Mate, he must be able to 
 find the latitude by a star, &c. He wiU be asked questions as to the nature of the 
 attraction of the ship's iron upon the compass, and as to the method of determining 
 
MASTERS, MATES, AND ENGINEERS. 193 
 
 it. He will be examined in so much of the laws of the tides as is necessary to enable 
 him to shape a course, and to compare his soundings with the depths marked on the 
 charts. He will be examined as to his competency to construct jury rudders and 
 rafts, and as to his resources for the presei'vation of the ship's crew in the event of 
 wreck. He must possess a sufficient knowledge of what he is required to do by law, 
 as to entry and discharge, and the management of his crew, and as to penalties and 
 entries to be made in the Official Log ; and a knowledge of the measures for preventing 
 and checking the outbreak of scuivy on board ship. He will be questioned as to 
 his knowledge of invoices, charter-party, Lloyd's agent, and as to the nature of 
 bottomry, and he must be acquainted with the leading lights of the channel he 
 has been accustomed to navigate, or which he is going to use. In cases where an 
 applicant for a certificate as Master Ordinary has only served in a fore and aft rigged 
 vessel, and is ignorant of the management of a square-rigged vessel, he may obtain a 
 certificate on which the words " fore and aft rigged vessel " will be written. This 
 certificate does not entitle him to command a sq\iare-rigged ship. This is not, how- 
 ever, to apply to Mates, who, being younger men, are expected for the future to 
 learn their business completely. 
 
 An Extra Master's Examination is voluntary, and intended for such persons as wish 
 to prove their superior qualifications, and are desirous of having certificates for the 
 highest grade granted by the Board of Trade. In Navigation, as the vessels wliich 
 such Masters will command frequently make long voyages, to the East Indies, the 
 Pacific, &c., the candidate will be required to work a lunar observation by both sun 
 and star, to determine the latitude by the moon, by Polar star off the meridian, and 
 also by double altitude of the sun, and to verify the result by Sumner's method. He 
 must be able to calculate the altitudes of the sun or star when they cannot be obseiTed 
 for the purposes of lunars, — to find the error of a watch by the method of equal 
 altitudes, — and to correct the altitudes observed with an artificial horizon. He must 
 understand how to observe and apply the deviation of the compass, and to deduce 
 the set and rate of the current from the D. R. and obseiTation. He will be required 
 to explain the nature of great circle sailing, and know how to apply practically that 
 knowledge, but he will not be required to go into the calculations. He must be 
 acquainted with the law of storms, so far as to know how he may probably best 
 escape those tempests common to the East and West Indies, and linown as hurricanes. 
 In Seamanship, the extra Examination will consist of an inquiry into the competency 
 of the applicant to heave a ship down, in case of accident befalling her abroad ; to 
 get lower masts in and out ; and to perform such other operations of a hke nature as 
 the Examiner may consider it proper to examine him upon. 
 
 Qualifications for Certificates of Competency for a " Home Trade 
 Passenger Ship." — A. Mate must write a legible hand, and understand the first four 
 rules of arithmetic. He must know and understand the rule of the road, and describe 
 and show that he understands the Admiralty regulation as to lights. He must be 
 able to take a bearing by compass, and prick ofi' the ship's course on a chart. He 
 must know the marks in the lead-line, and be able to work and heave the log. A 
 Master must have seiTed one year as a Mate in the Foreign or Home Trade. In 
 addition to the qualifications required for a mate, he must show that he is capable of 
 navigating a ship along any coast, for which purpose he will be required to draw upon 
 a chart produced by the Examiner the courses and distances he would run along shore 
 from headland to headland, and to give in the writing courses and distances corrected 
 for variation, and the bearings of the headlands and lights, and to show when the 
 courses should be altered either to clear any danger or to adapt it to the coast. He 
 must understand how to make his soundings according to the state of the tide. He 
 will also be questioned as to his knowledge of the use and management of the mortar 
 and rocket lines in the case of the stranding of a vessel, as explained in the Official 
 Log-book. 
 
 A First-class Pilot may be examined for a Master's Certificate of Competency 
 for Home Trade Passenger Ships, notwithstanding that he may not have served in the 
 capacity of Mate. 
 
 General Rules as to Examinations and Fees. — The Candidates will be 
 allowed to work out the various problems according to the method and the tables 
 they have been accustomed to use, and will be allowed five hours to perform the 
 work ; at the expiration of which time, if they have not finished, they will be declared 
 to have failed, unless the Local Marine Board see fit to extend the time. 
 
 The fee for Examination must be paid to the Superintendent of the Mercantile 
 Marine Office (Shipping Master). If a Candidate fail in his Examination, half the fee 
 he has paid will be returned to him by the Superintendent of Ihe Mercantile Marine 
 
 O 
 
J 92 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Certificates of Competency will be granted to those persons who 
 pass the Examinations, and otherwise comply with the requisite con- 
 ditions. Candidates for Examination must give in their names to the 
 Local Marine Board of the place where they desire to be Examined, on 
 or before the days of. Examination, except in the case of London and 
 Liverpool. In London applications for Examination must be made on 
 Fridays, from ten till four, and on Saturdays from ten till three. In Liver- 
 pool, on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, during office 
 hours. Testimonials of character, and of sobriety, experience, ability, 
 and good conduct on board ship will be required of all applicants, and 
 without producing them no person will be Examined. Applications for 
 information not herein contained should be made to the Registrar- 
 General OF Seamen, Adelaide Place, London Bridge ; or of the 
 Superintendent of the Mercantile Marine Office of any of the Ports 
 previously named. Copies of the Regulations will be supplied free of 
 expense. 
 
 Qualifications for Certificates of Competency for a "Foreign-going 
 Ship." — A Second Mate must be seventeen years of age, and must have been four 
 years at sea. In Navigation, he must write a legible hand, and understand the first 
 five rules of arithmetic, and the use of logarithms. He must be able to work a day's 
 work complete, including the bearings and distance of the port he is bound to, by 
 Mercator's method; to correct the sun's declination for longitude, and find his 
 latitude by meridian altitude of the sun ; and to work such other easy problems of a 
 like nature as may be put to him. He must understand the use of the sextant, and 
 be able to observe with it, and read off the arc. In Seamanship, he must give satis- 
 factory answers as to the rigging and unrigging of ships, stowing of holds, &c. ; must 
 understand the measurement of the log-line, glass, and lead-line ; be conversant with 
 the rule of the road, as regards both steamers and sailing vessels, and the lights and 
 fog signals carried by them ; and will also be examined as to his acquaintance 
 with the Commercial Code of Signals for the use of all Nations. 
 
 An Only Mate must be nineteen years of age, and have been five years at sea. In 
 Navigation, in addition to the qualification required for a Second Mate, an Only 
 Mate must be able to observe and calculate the amplitude of the sun, and deduce the 
 variation of the compass therefrom, and be able to find the longitude by chronometer 
 by the usual methods. He must know how to lay off the place of the ship on the 
 chart, both by bearings of known objects, and by latitude and longitude. He must 
 be able to determine the error of a sextant, and to adjust it ; also to find the time of 
 high water from the known time at full and change. In Seamanship, in addition to 
 what is required for a Second Mate, he must know how to moor and unmoor, and 
 to keep a clear anchor ; to caiTy out an anchor ; to stow a hold ; and to make the 
 requisite entries in the ship's log. He will also be questioned as to his knowledge of 
 the use and management of the mortar and rocket lines in the case of the stranding 
 of a vessel, as explained in the Official Log-book. 
 
 A First Mate must be nineteen years of age, and have served five years at sea, of 
 which one year must have been as either Second or Only Mate, or as both. In 
 Navigation, in addition to the quahfication required for an Only Mate, he must be able 
 to obseiTe azimuths and compute the variation ; to compare chronometers and keep 
 their rates, and find the longitude by them from an observation of the sun ; to work 
 the latitude by single altitude of the sun off the meridian ; and be able to use and 
 adjust the sextant by the sun. In Seamanship, in addition to the qualification 
 required for an Only Mate, a more extensive knowledge of seamanship will be required, 
 as to shifting large spars and sails, managing a ship in stormy weatlier, taking in and 
 making sail, shifting yards and masts, &c., and getting heavy weights, anchors, &c., 
 in and out ; casting a ship on a lea-shore ; and securing the masts in the event of 
 accident to the bowsprit. 
 
 A Master must be twenty-one years of age, and have been six years at sea, of 
 which at least one year must have been as First or Only Mate, and one year as 
 Second Mate. In addition to the quahfication for a First Mate, he must be able to 
 find the latitude by a star, &c. He wUl be asked questions as to the nature of the 
 attraction of the ship's iron upon the compass, and as to the method of determining 
 
MASTERS, MATES, AND ENGINEERS. 193 
 
 it. He will be examined in so much of the laws of the tides as is necessary to enable 
 him to shape a course, and to compare his soundings with the depths marked on the 
 charts. He will be examined as to his competency to construct jury rudders and 
 rafts, and as to his resources for the preservation of the ship's crew in the event of 
 wreck. He must possess a sufficient knowledge of what he is required to do hy law, 
 as to entry and discharge, and the management of his crew, and as to penalties and 
 entries to be made in the Official Log ; and a knowledge of the measures for preventing 
 and checking the outbreak of scuivy on board ship. He will be questioned as to 
 his knowledge of invoices, charter-party, Lloyd's agent, and as to the nature of 
 bottomry, and he must be acquainted with the leading lights of the channel he 
 has been accustomed to navigate, or which he is going to use. In cases where an 
 applicant for a certificate as Master Ordinary has only sei-ved in a fore and aft rigged 
 vessel, and is ignorant of the management of a square-rigged vessel, he may obtain a 
 certificate on which the words "fore and aft rigged vessel " will be written. This 
 certificate does not entitle him to command a sqMare-rigged ship. This is not, how- 
 ever, to apply to Mates, who, being younger men, are expected for the future to 
 learn their business completely. 
 
 An Extra Master's Examination is voluntary, and intended for such persons as wish 
 to prove their superior qualifications, and are desirous of having certificates for the 
 highest grade granted by the Board of Trade. In Navigation, as the vessels wlricli 
 such Masters will command frequently make long voyages, to the East Indies, the 
 Pacific, &c., the candidate will be required to work a lunar observation by both sun 
 and star, to determine the latitude by the moon, by Polar star off the meridian, and 
 also by double altitude of the sun, and to verify the result by Sumner's method. He 
 must be able to calculate the altitudes of the sun or star when they cannot be obseiTed 
 for the purposes of lunars, — to find the error of a watch by the method of equal 
 altitudes, — and to correct the altitudes observed with an artificial horizon. He must 
 understand how to observe and apply the deviation of the compass, and to deduce 
 the set and rate of the current from the D. R. and observation. He will be required 
 to explain the nature of great circle sailing, and know how to apply practically that 
 knowledge, but he will not be required to go into the calculations. He must be 
 acquainted with the law of storms, so far as to know how he may probably best 
 escape those tempests common to the East and West Indies, and known as hurricanes. 
 In Seamanship, the extra Examination will consist of an inquiry into the competency 
 of the applicant to heave a ship down, in case of accident befalling her abroad ; to 
 get lower masts in and out ; and to perform such other operations of a like nature as 
 the Examiner may consider it proper to examine him upon. 
 
 Qualifications for Certificates of Competency for a " Home Trade 
 Passenger Ship." — A Mate must write a legible hand, and understand the first four 
 rules of arithmetic. He must know and understand the rule of the road, and describe 
 and show that he understands the Admiralty regulation as to lights. He must be 
 able to take a bearing by compass, and prick off' the ship's course on a chart. He 
 must know the marks in the lead-line, and be able to work and heave the log. A 
 Master must have served one year as a Mate in the Foreign or Home Trade. In 
 addition to the qualifications required for a mate, he must show that he is capable of 
 navigating a ship along any coast, for which purpose he will be required to draw upon 
 a chart produced by the Examiner the courses and distances he would run along shore 
 from headland to headland, and to give in the writing courses and distances corrected 
 for variation, and the bearings of the headlands and lights, and to show when the 
 courses should be altered either to clear any danger or to adapt it to the coast. He 
 must understand how to make his soundings according to the state of the tide. He 
 will also be questioned as to his knowledge of the use and management of the mortar 
 and rocket lines in the case of the stranding of a vessel, as explained in the Official 
 Log-book. 
 
 A First-class Pilot may be examined for a Master's Certificate of Competency 
 for Home Trade Passeiiger Ships, notwithstanding that he may not have served in the 
 capacity of Mate. 
 
 General Rules as to Examinations and Fees. — The Candidates will be 
 allowed to work out the various problems according to the method and the tables 
 they have been accustomed to use, and will be allowed five hours to perform the 
 work ; at the expiration of which time, if they have not finished, they will be declared 
 to have failed, unless the Local Marine Board see fit to extend the time. 
 
 The fee for Examination must be paid to the Superintendent of the Mercantile 
 Marirre Office (Shipping Master). If a Candidate fail in his Examination, half the fee 
 he has paid will be returned to him by the Superintendent of (he Mercantile Marine 
 
 O 
 
194 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Office on Ms producing the Form Examination 17, late HH., which -will be given 
 him by the Examiner. Tlie fees are as follow : — 
 
 For "Foreign-going Ships." 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Second Mate 100 
 
 First and Only Mate, if previously possessing an inferior 
 
 certificate o 10 o 
 
 If not 100 
 
 Master, whether Extra or Ordinary 2 
 
 Master, if previously in possession of a certificate for " fore 
 
 arid aft rigged vessels " . . . . . . .100 
 
 Any person having a Master's Certificate of Competency for Foreign-going Ships 
 may go up for an extra Examination without payment of any Fee, but if he fails 
 in liis first Examination, half a Master's Fee will be charged for each subsequent 
 Examination. 
 
 For "Home Trade Passenger Ships." 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Mate o 10 o 
 
 Master . - I o o 
 
 If the applicant passes he will receive the Form from the Examiner, which will 
 entitle him to receive his Certificate of Competency from the Superintendent of the 
 Mercantile Marine Office at the port to which he has directed it to be forwarded. If 
 an applicant is examined for a higher rank, and fails, but passes an Examination of a 
 lower grade, he may receive a Certificate accordingly, but no part of the fee will be 
 returned. In every case the Examination, whether for Only Mate, First Mate, or 
 Master, is to commence with the problems for Second Mate. In all cases of failure 
 the Candidate must be re-examined de novo. If a Candidate fails in Seamanship he 
 will not be re-examined until after a lapse of SIX MONTHS, to give him time to gain 
 experience. If he fails three times in Navigation he will not be re-examined until 
 after a lapse of THREE months. As the Examinations of Masters and Mates are 
 made compulsory, the qualifications have been kept as low as possible ; but it must 
 be distinctly understood that it is the intention of the Board of Trade to raise the 
 standard from time to lime, whenever, as will no doubt be the case, the general 
 attainments of officers in the merchant service shall render it possible to do so without 
 inconvenience ; and officers are strongly urged to employ their leisure hours, when in 
 port, in the acquirement of the knowledge necessaiy to enable them to pass their 
 Examinations ; and Masters will do well to permit apprentices and junior officers to 
 attend Schools of Instmctipn, and to affiDrd them as much time for this purpose as 
 possible. 
 
 Masters and Mates' Voluntary Examinations in Steam. — An-angements 
 have been made for giving to those Masters and First or Only Mates who are 
 possessed of or entitled to Certificates of Competency, an opportunity of undergoing a 
 voluntary Examination as to their practical knowledge of the use and working of the 
 steam-engine. These Examinations are conducted on the premises, and under the 
 superintendence of the Local Marine Boards, at such times as they may appoint for 
 the purpose ; and the Examiners are selected by the Board of Trade from Engineer 
 Surveyors. A fee of one pound must be paid by the applicant for the examination 
 in Steam, and the Superintendent of the Mercantile Marine Office will tliereupou 
 inform him of the time and place at which he is to attend to be examined. The 
 Examination is viva voce, and extends to a general knowledge of the practical use and 
 working of the steam-engine, and of the various valves, fittings, and pieces of 
 machineiy connected with it. Intricate theoretical questions on calculations of hoi-se- 
 power, or areas of cylinders and valves, or any Of the more difficult questions which 
 appertain to steam-engines and boilers, will not be asked. The Examination will, in 
 fact, be confined to what a master of a steam-vessel may be called upon to perform in 
 the case of the death, incapacity, or delinquency of the engineer. If the applicant fails 
 to answer some few of the questions, and yet, in the opinion of the Examiner, possesses 
 such a competent knowledge of the parts of the engine generally, and such other 
 practical knowledge of the subject as will enable him tp effect the object in view, the 
 Examiner will exercise his discretion as to whether a sufficiently high standard of 
 knowledge has been attained, and pass him or not accordingly. The Examiner will 
 provide drawings and working sections, on a sufficiently large scale, of the various 
 parts of the steam-engine, and of the valves and slides, &c., as may be necessary, and 
 will require the applicant to make use of them in giving his answers to the various 
 
MASTERS, MATES, AND ENGINEERS. 195 
 
 questions put to him ; and, if an opportunity offer, the applicant will be permitted, 
 under'the guidance of the Examiner, to start and stop the engine of some vessel 
 which may have her steam up. 
 
 Qualifications fob. Engineers' Certificates of Competency. — A Candi- 
 date for a Second-class Engineer's Certificate must be twenty-one years of age ; 
 {a.) he must have served an apprenticeship to an Engineer, and prove that during 
 the period of his apprenticeship he has been employed on the making and repairing 
 of engines ; or, if he has not served an apprenticeship, he must prove that for not less 
 than three years he has been employed in some factory or workshop on the making 
 or repairing of engines. In either case he must also have served one year at sea in 
 the Engine Room ; or (b.) he must have served at least four years at sea in the 
 Engine Room; {c.) be able to give a description of boilers, and the methods of 
 staying them, together with the use and management of the different valves, cocks, 
 pipes, and connections ; (d.) understand how to correct defects from accident, decay, 
 &c., and the means of repairing such defects; («.) understand the use of the baro- 
 meter, thermometer, hydrometer, and salinometer ; (f.) state the causes, effects, and 
 usual remedies for incrustation and corrosion ; {g.) be able to state how a temporary 
 or permanent repair could be effected in case of derangement of a part of the 
 machinery, or total break-down ; {h.) write a legible hand, and understand the first 
 five rules of arithmetic and decimals ; (i.) be able to pass a creditable Examination as 
 to the various constructions of paddle and screw engines in general use ; as to the 
 details of the different working parts, external and internal, with the use of each part. 
 
 A Candidate for a First-class Engineer's Certificate must be twenty-two years of age. 
 In addition to the qualification required for a Second-class Engineer, (a.) he must 
 either possess or be entitled to a First-class Engineer's Certificate of Service ; or, in 
 the event of his not being so possessed or entitled, he must have served for one year 
 with a Second-class Engineer's Certificate of Competency; (b.) be able to make 
 rough working drawings of the different parts of the engines and boilers ; [c.) also be 
 able to take off and calculate indicator diagrams ; (rf.) be able to calculate safety- 
 valve pressures, and the strength of the boiler; (e.) be able to state the general 
 proportions borne by the principal parts of the machinery to each other; be able to 
 explain the method of testing and altering the setting of the slide valves, and of testing 
 the fairness of the paddle and screw shafts, and of adjusting them ; be conversant 
 with surface condensation, super -heating, and the working of steam expansively. His 
 knowledge of arithmetic must include the mensuration of superficies and solids, and 
 the extraction of the square root. 
 
 An Extra First-class Engineer's Examination is voluntary, and is intended 
 for such persons as wish to prove their superior qualifications, and are desirous of 
 having Certificates for the highest grade granted by the Board of Trade. The 
 Candidate must be entitled to or possessed of a First-class Engineer's Certificate of 
 Competency, and in addition to the qualifications required for a First-class Engineer, 
 [a.) he must possess a thorough knowledge of the construction and working of 
 marine engines and boilers in all their parts, and be so far acquainted with the 
 elements of theoretical mechanics as to comprehend the general principles on which 
 the machine works ; (5.) understand how to apply the indicator and draw the proper 
 conclusions from the diagiams ; (c.) be acquainted with the principles of expansion, 
 and able to prove, or at least to illustrate, the use of the expansion gear ; (d.) be able 
 to draw rough sketches of any part of the machineiy, with figured dimensions, fit to 
 work from. 
 
 General Rules as to Examinations and Fees. — The Examination will be 
 partly viva voce, and partly by Examination papers. It will be directed specially to 
 the above points, and to the duties and business of an Engineer generally. If the 
 Candidate passes the viv& voce Examination creditably, a set of questions will be given 
 to work out. He will be allowed to work out these questions according to the 
 methods he is accustomed to use, and will be allowed five hours to perform the work ; 
 and, (a.) if at the expiration of the time allowed he has worked out correctly the 
 whole of the questions set him, he will be declared to have passed. (5.) If at the 
 expiration of the time allowed he has not worked out the whole of the questions set 
 him, but if the result of the viva voce Examination, taken in connection with the 
 answers to such of the questions as he has worked Out, is sufficient to satisfy fl-.e 
 Examiner that the applicant is competent to take charge of engines of 100 nominal 
 horse-power or upwards, he will be declared to have passed, (c.) In other cases he 
 will be declared to have failed. The fee for Examination must be paid to the Super- 
 intendent of the Mercantile Marine Office. If a Candidate fail in his Examination, 
 half the fee he has paid will be returned to him. 
 
196 
 
 SON^S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Hie Fees are as follow : — £ s. d. 
 
 First-class Engineer's Certificate (whether extra or ordinary) 200 
 Second-class Engineer's Certificate .. .. .. ... 100 
 
 For First-class Engineer's Certificate, if already in possession 
 
 of a Second-class Certificate . , . . . , . . 100 
 
 If the applicant passes he will receive a Form from the Examiner, which wiU 
 entitle him to receive his Certificate of Competency from the Superintendent of the 
 Mercantile Marine OiBce at the port to which he has directed it to be forwarded. _ If 
 an applicant is examined for the higher grade, and fails, but passes an Examination 
 of the lower grade, he may receive a Certificate accordingly, but no part of the fee 
 will be returned. If the applicant fails in working out the Examination papers he 
 may present himself for re-examination whenever he thinks he has acquired sufficient 
 knowledge to enable him to pass. But if he fails in the vivd voce or practical part of 
 the Examination he may not present himself for re-examination until the expiration of 
 three months from the date of failure. 
 
 Certificates of Service are also granted to Masters, Mates, and Engineers, 
 particulars of which may be obtained from the Eegistrar-General of Seamen, or from 
 the Superintendents, as previously stated. 
 
 Engineer Students. — Appointments to Engineer Student- 
 ships in the Factories at Chatham, Sheerness, Portsmouth, and 
 Devonport are open to competition. The Lists of Candidates are 
 kept by the Superintendents of those Dockyards, to whom all applica- 
 tions must be addressed before the ist of May or the ist of November 
 in each year. With a view of complying as far as practicable with the 
 wishes of the Candidates as to their distribution among the several Fac- 
 tories, the Candidates, in their application for nomination, are to write 
 the names of the four Factories in the order of their preference. 
 
 Candidates must not be less ihzxi. fifteen nor more than sixteen years of 
 age on the first day of the Examination. Proof of age will be required 
 by certificate of birth, extract from baptismal register, or declaration 
 before a magistrate. Evidence of respectability and good character 
 must also be produced on a form which will be furnished by the Super- 
 intendents of the Dockyards. Candidates will not be admitted for 
 Examination until they have been pronounced fit for H.M. Service by 
 the Medical Officers in the Yards. 
 
 The Examinations will commence on the first Tuesdays in June and 
 December. The following will be the Subjects, and the maximum 
 number of Marks for each : — 
 
 * Arithmetic, including Vulgar and Decimal Fracti 
 
 and Cube Roots 
 •Orthography 
 
 * Handwriting 
 
 * Grammar .... 
 *EngUsh Composition 
 
 Geography 
 
 Translation of French into English 
 *Euclid — First Six Books . 
 *Algebra, including Quadratic Equations 
 
 Total 
 
 Candidates will be subjected to a Preliminary Examination in the 
 first three subjects, and should they fail in any of the three they will be 
 at once rejected. Those who pass the prehminary test will then 
 undergo a Competitive Examination in the remaining subjects, and the 
 Candidates who display a competent knowledge of all the above sub- 
 
 ons anc 
 
 . Square 
 
 
 
 250 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 ISO 
 
 
 
 300 
 
 
 
 300 
 
 1500 
 
MASTERS, MATES, AND ENGINEERS. 197 
 
 jects, and who obtain not less than 750 marks in the aggregate, will be 
 classed in one general list in order of merit, according to the number of 
 marks gained, and will be eligible for appointment to existing vacancies. 
 Those who do not succeed at the first Examination will be allowed a 
 second trial, if not over age ; but they must apply to the Superintendents 
 for a second nomination. 
 
 Engineer Students will be employed in the Factories for a period of 
 six years, with a view to their becoming Naval Engineers, if, on exami- 
 nation at the end of that time, they are found to possess the necessary 
 qualifications. In the course of the six years they will be employed in 
 the Fitting and Erecting Ships, and will attend in the Drawing Office, the 
 Foundries, the Smitheries, and other Shops, to acquire a general know- 
 ledge of the work done in them. They will also attend at the Dock- 
 yard School ' two afternoons and three evenings in the week to pursue 
 such studies as may from time to time be determined on. Means will 
 also be afforded them of acquiring the groundwork of the knowledge 
 required by a Naval Engineer, respecting the working of Marine 
 Engines and Boilers, the practical use of the various Instruments used 
 in the Engine-room, including the Indicator, and of becoming generally 
 acquainted with the duties of a Naval Engineer. 
 
 Engineer Students will be examined twice a year by the Director of 
 Education, on the third Mondays in January and July, and the Marks 
 obtained for these Examinations will cumulate up to the final one for 
 entry as Assistant Engineer. The final Examination will embrace : — 
 
 .rks. 
 
 The Subjects mentioned in the previous List 
 *Plane Trigonometiy .... 
 ♦Hydrostatics . . . 
 •Mechanics ..... 
 
 . 1500 Mar 
 • ISO „ 
 . 100 „ 
 . 200 ,, 
 
 Dynamics ..... 
 
 Elementary Chemistry .... 
 ♦Properties of Steam .... 
 ♦General Good Conduct and Industry 
 
 . 100 „ 
 . 100 
 . 100 „ 
 . 300 „ 
 
 Total . . . 2550 „ 
 
 Engineer Students must gain 1,100 Marks before they obtain a Cer- 
 tificate of Qualification. These numbers must include at least half of 
 the numbers allotted to the subjects marked thus *. The Certificates 
 will be of two classes. To obtain a First-class Certificate a Student 
 must gain 2,000 Marks, which must comprise three-fourths of the num- 
 bers in the subjects marked. A First-class Certificate will be regarded, 
 in respect of promotion, as equal to one year's Sea Service. The Chief 
 Engineer and Inspector of Machinery will also examine the Engineer 
 Students twice a year as to their progress in practical studies, and no 
 Engineer Student will be entered in the Navy until the Chief Engineer 
 certifies that by his skill as a workman, his knowledge of steam machinery, 
 and his good and steady conduct, he is fully qualified for the appoint- 
 ment of Assistant Engineer. 
 
 Engineer Students who may fail to attain the required standard for 
 the Scholastic Examination at the end of six years will be allowed to 
 present themselves a second time, at the next Half-yearly Examination 
 of the Director of Education ; if they fail to obtain their Certificates at 
 the Second Examination, they will cease to be eligible for the Naval 
 Service. 
 
1 98 SOATS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 The most intelligent of the Students will be eligible for a more 
 advanced education at the School of Naval Architecture; and those 
 educated there will be bound under a penalty of £,'^0 to remain 
 in her Majesty's Service for five years after the expiration of their 
 studies. 
 
 The Weekly Pay -will be 8s. during the first year of training, and if reported 
 deserving by the Chief Engineer and Inspector of Machinery, it will be increased zs. 
 a week each year until the sixth, and then increased 8s., making their wages 24s. 
 a week for the last year. 
 
 Dockyard and Victualling Yard Apprentices. — 
 
 Vacancies for these appointments are open to competition. The List 
 of Candidates for employment is kept by the Superintendents of the 
 Dock and Victualling Yards respectively. Applications must be sent in 
 before the ist of May or the ist of November in each year. 
 
 Candidates must not be under the age of thirteen years and nine 
 months, or above the age Qififtee?i years on the first day of the Examina- 
 tion. Proof of age will be required by certificate of birth, extract from 
 baptismal register, or declaration before a magistrate. Evidence of 
 respectability and good character must also be produced on a form 
 which will be furnished by the Superintendents. They will not be 
 admitted for Examination until they have been pronounced fit for her 
 Majesty's Service by the Medical Officers in the Yard, and they 
 should possess the following physical qualifications at the minimum 
 age:— 
 
 Height ■ . . . . 4 ft. 8 in. 
 
 Weight . , . , .go lbs. 
 
 Girth of Chest . . . .26 ins. 
 
 But a deficiency in these requisites will not exclude Candidates who 
 may be pronounced by the Medical Officers to be generally calculated 
 to make efficient workmen. 
 
 The Examinations will commence on the first Tuesdays in June and 
 December. The following will be the subjects, and the maximum 
 number of Marks for each : — ■ 
 
 Arithmetic 
 
 Spelling 
 
 Handwriting . 
 
 Reading 
 
 Grammar 
 
 English Composition 
 
 Geography 
 
 Euclid— First Three Books 
 
 350 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 ..... 150 
 
 Algebra, up to and including Quadratic Equations, Arith- 
 metical and Geometrical Progi'ession . . . 150 
 Physical Qualiiications :— Height, Weight, Girth of Chest, 
 
 and Strength ...... 200 
 
 Total .... 1450 
 
 Candidates will be subjected to a Preliminary Examination in the 
 first four subjects, and should they fail in any of the four they will be 
 rejected. 
 
 Candidates who pass the PreHminary Examination will be appointed 
 to existing vacancies in the various trades, according to the number of 
 
TRAINING SHIP " WORCESTER." 199 
 
 Marks gained in the Competitive Examination ; and those who do not 
 obtain appointments will be allowed a second trial at the next Examina- 
 tion, if not over age ; but they must apply to the Superintendents for a 
 second nomination. 
 
 Apprentices who desire it will, in general, be allowed to serve the last 
 two years of their time at Sea, provided their Parents or Guardians 
 approve, and that they are favourably reported on by their Officers. 
 They will in such cases receive their day pay and an additional day's 
 pay per week for Sundays, and will be victualled on board and receive 
 tool money. No boy will be sent to Sea against his o^vn wish or that of 
 his Parents or Guardians. 
 
 Apprentices receiving a superior course of instruction, if sent to Sea, 
 will be allowed to continue their studies under the Naval Instructor. 
 On the expiration of their period of service they will receive a certificate 
 of their character and conduct, the progress they have made in their 
 trades and in the knowledge of the subjects prescribed for Dockyard or 
 Victualling-yard Apprentices. 
 
 The most intelligent of the Shipwright Apprentices will be eligible for 
 a more advanced education at the School of Naval Architecture, and 
 those educated there will be bound, under a penalty of ^.^50, to remain 
 in her Majesty's Service for five years after the expiration of their 
 studies. 
 
 The Weekly Pay will be : — ^First year, 3s. ; second, 4s. 6d. ; third, 6s. ; fourth, 
 7s. 6d. ; fifth, 9s. ; sixth, los. 6d. ; seventh, 12s. 
 
 Training Ship, "Worcester." — The difficulty which is ex- 
 perienced in providing properly-qualified Officers for Merchant Vessels 
 induced several gentlemen interested in Shipping, and in our increasing 
 Foreign Commerce, to form an Association for the purpose of remedy- 
 ing in some degree this deficiency. There are few professions for which 
 some preliminary training is not indispensable ; and it may be asserted 
 that in no case is it more necessary than for a calling to secure success 
 in which much technical knowledge, great presence of mind, and the 
 capability of influencing the willing obedience of others, are especially 
 requisite. Very little reflection upon the means by which these qualities 
 may be acquired will dispel the fallacious impression, too generally 
 prevalent, that Boys intended for Mercantile Marine Officers should be 
 sent to sea young, in order that they may learn their duty there. To 
 this error the great scarcity of properly-trained Officers for the Merchant 
 Service may be chiefly attributed. To try the experiment of educating 
 respectable Boys intended for the sea on board a Training Ship in the 
 Thames, the Admiralty were applied to for a suitable vessel, and the 
 Lords Commissioners placed her Majesty's Ship " Worcester," a 50-gun 
 Frigate, at the disposal of a Committee of Shipowners and others, and 
 the "Worcester" was fitted as a Training Ship, and is moored in the 
 Thames, off" Erith. The Ship can afford accommodation to 130 Boys. 
 
 The Object of the Association is the training of Boys for a sea- 
 faring life, under an able Commander and Schoolmasters, with efficient 
 subordinate Officers ; they are exercised in all the duties of a first-class 
 ship ; are taught Practical Seamanship, such as knotting, splicing, reefing, 
 furhng, heaving the lead, management of boats, swimming, &c. ; also 
 
200 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Navigation and Nautical Astronomy. They are practised in Gunnery, 
 and so prepared, that after practical experience at sea, they may become 
 thorough masters of their profession. Besides the usual branches of a 
 sound Enghsh Education, Geometry, Trigonometry, Mechanics, Steam 
 Engine, Marine Surveying, Chart Drawing, and the French Language 
 are taught to all on board. Although the Committee only undertake to 
 have the Boys entrusted to their care properly educated to qualify them 
 for future Officers in the Merchant Service, and do not in any way 
 undertake to provide them employment when they leave, yet many of 
 the Committee and other large Shipowners give a preference to 
 "Worcester Cadets." 
 
 Only Boys who are intended for the Sea are entered on board the 
 Training Ship, and preference is given at all times to sons of Officers in 
 the Merchant Service. No Boys are admitted who are under twelve or 
 o\tx fifteen years of age, nor are any to remain on board after they have 
 attained the age of seventeen. No Boy will be considered eligible who 
 cannot Read and Write fairly, and perform the simple Rules of 
 Arithmetic. All applications for admission must be made on a printed 
 form, and accompanied with Certificate of Birth, Testimonial of Character 
 from last School stating qualifications of Boy, and Certificate from a 
 Medical Man certifying the perfect health of appKcant, and that his 
 general health is good. There is Divine Service on board morning and 
 evening on Sundays, and prayers are read twice each day. Holidays of 
 five weeks are given at Midsummer, and four weeks at Christmas, but 
 none at Easter and Michaelmas. 
 
 Queen's Prizes.' — Her Most Gracious Majesty has been pleased to 
 grant annually, for competition by the Boys of the " Worcester," two 
 Prizes :■ — a Gold Medal, to be awarded to the Boy who shows the 
 qualities Ukely to make the finest Sailor ; these consist of cheerful sub- 
 mission to superiors, self-respect and independence of character, kind- 
 ness and protection to the weak, readiness to forgive offence, desire to 
 conciliate the differences of others, and, above all, fearless devotion to 
 duty and unflinching truthfulness ; — and a Naval Cadetship, with a 
 handsome binocular glass with suitable inscription, and a sum of ^^35 
 towards the expenses of the outfit of the Boy obtaining it. 
 
 The Board of Trade allow two years passed on board the " Wor- 
 cester " to count as- one year's sea service. Thus a Cadet, having been 
 two years on board the " Worcester," can pass an Examination as Second 
 Officer after three years' service at sea. Particular attention is called to 
 the advantage of Boys remaining the two years on board to obtain the 
 " Worcester Board of Trade Certificate." 
 
 Fees. — The Terms are Forty Guineas per Anmim, payable half-yearly in advance,- 
 and Ten Guineas per Annum for Uniform, Medical Attendance, Washing, Mending 
 Clothes (not including boots), and use of Books, and Stationery. 
 
 Hon. Secretary, W. M. Bullivant, Esq., 114, Fenchurch Street, 
 London, E. C. 
 
 Training Ship " Nautilus." — The School and Training Ship 
 are designed to afford to Youths intended for the Sea that Preparatory 
 Training and Tuition necessary to enable them to rise in their profes- 
 sion. To receive them, if required, between their voyages, and to 
 supply a Home for them, where they may meet with all domestic com- 
 
"CONWAY" SCHOOL- FRIGATE. 20 1 
 
 fort and instruction. To prepare Adults for the several Examinations 
 of the Local Marine Boards as they become eligible by age and Service 
 at Sea. Every Pupil sent from this School has passed his Examination, 
 and obtained a Certificate of Competency. 
 
 The " Nautilus " offers to the Youth intended for Sea a thoroughly 
 practical preparatory training ; also a test whether he is fitted''or not for 
 a seafaring life. If his partiality for the sea be based only on romance, 
 the training will give him sufficient insight to dispel his illusions. If 
 the boy's partiality, however, be sound, then the training will qualify 
 him to pursue his calling with advantage. To him the " Nautilus " will 
 be a step between home and the realities of Sea : he will not be all at 
 once deprived of the comforts of home, and thrust into the hardships 
 of a sailor's life, but will be learning the duties of a seaman and officer, 
 at the same time that he is completing his education. Thus a youth, 
 after passing through a course of training in the " Nautilus," may step 
 on board a Merchant Ship and find himself perfectly acquainted with 
 every part, and his habits having gradually become adapted to his future 
 profession, he will join his ship with many advantages over the youth 
 who is an entire stranger to the water. 
 
 The Theoretical Course of study embraces the subjects usually 
 taught in a Naval Academy, as Euclid — Algebra — Logarithms — Tri- 
 gonometry — Plane, Parallel, Middle Latitude, Mercator, and Great Circle 
 ■Sailing — the Method of keeping a Ship's Reckoning — ^the Construction 
 of Charts, &c. ; and for the Junior Pupils, Arithmetic — Geography — > 
 History, and all the usual elements of a sound general education. The 
 Practical Course of instruction is carried out by means of the Train- 
 ing Ship, which is a small vessel fitted out as far as possible with 
 the comforts of a home, combined with every requisite for gradually 
 initiating the youths into the duties of their profession, without exposing 
 them to the monotonous life of the ordinary Training Ships ; the com- 
 modious School premises affording them ample recreation on shore. 
 
 Terms.— Pupils are received at any age, and for any period. The 
 Fees are calculated from the day of entrance. The Vacations are six 
 weeks at Midsummer, and six weeks at Christmas ; Pupils, however, 
 may remain during the Vacation by paying an extra fee. 
 
 Fees. — Pupils under fifteen, 25 gs. per annum ; under seventeen, 35 gs. ; under 
 twenty, 45 gs. ; washing, 2 gs. 
 
 Principal, Geo. H. Boulter, "Esq., "Nautilus," Gravesend. 
 
 "Con^way" School-Frigate. — Mercantile Marine Asso- 
 ciation, incorporated by Act of ParUament. The ship is moored in 
 the Mersey, off Rock Ferry. Designed mainly to train and complete 
 the education of Boys intended for Officers in the Merchant Navy. 
 Boys intended for the Royal Navy are also admitted, and receive a 
 special training for that service. Since the School was established 
 776 Boys have been received on board; and to the year 1870, of this 
 number 554 have been sent into the Merchant Service, and 35 have 
 entered the Royal Navy. There is a complete and efficient Nautical 
 and Educational Staff maintained, by whom the boys are carefully and 
 regularly instructed, and exercised in all the duties of a first-class ship, 
 and receive general education. 
 
202 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Education, Instruction, and Discipline. — In School all the 
 Pupils are under the Two Senior Masters and their Assistants. Their 
 studies comprise : — Enghsh Grammar, Reading, Composition, History, 
 Geography, Writing, Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, 
 Navigation, Nautical Astronomy, Swimming, Chart Drawing. 
 
 During^ Nautical Instruction the Pupils are under the Commander 
 and Nautical Staff, when they are exercised in all the duties of a first- 
 class ship, and are taught knotting, sphcing, reefing, furHng, heaving the 
 lead, the marks on the lead-line, heaving the log, the management of 
 boats, and practical navigation generally. 
 
 French is taught on two afternoons in each week. Latin is taught 
 only when required by Parents, at an extra charge of ;£i is. each half- 
 year. Lectures on various subjects of interest are given occasiona,lly, 
 as well as general instruction in some of the most useful and practical 
 departments of Surgery and Medicine. 
 
 The boys are taught to sling and lash up their own hammocks. 
 Each in his turn serves as messman for one day to his mess, under the 
 inspection and guidance of the Captain of the Mess. In turn the boys 
 keep an anchor watch, two at a time, for two hours. 
 
 On two afternoons in each week the boys are landed for recreation. 
 Leave on Sunday is granted occasionally, on written application being 
 made to the Commander or Officer in charge. 
 
 The Captains of Subdivisions are boys who, for exemplary conduct, 
 have been selected for these positions of trust and authority. They are 
 exempt from the manual labour of washing decks, or being messmen, 
 and there are other privileges attached to the ofiice which make it an 
 object of emulation to the well-disposed. 
 
 Divine Service is performed on Sundays, and prayers are read twice 
 each day. 
 
 The Holidays are from ist to 31st of July, and from the 20th of 
 December to the 31st of January. 
 
 The system of education is framed with a view to the boys remaining 
 on board not less than two years. 
 
 Admission. — No boys are received under the age of eleven, or who 
 have passed their sixteenth birthday. The Committee find great difficulty 
 in procuring ships for boys unAtx fifteen, and they consider it desirable 
 for the boys' own welfare that they should not enter Merchant Ships 
 before that age. The Committee therefore recommend that no boys 
 shall join the " Conway " under the age of thirteen, unless it is intended 
 that they shall remain more than two years, or unless they are intended 
 to enter the Royal Navy. 
 
 By an order of the Board of Trade, two years on board the 
 " Conway " will be reckoned as one year at sea, the Cadets who 
 complete their course requiring to be at sea only three instead of four 
 years before passing their Examinations as Second Officers. Besides 
 other advantages, many of the leading Shipowners of Liverpool give 
 a preference to the Cadets of the Institution, and receive them as 
 apprentices without premium, on their Course of not less than two 
 years being completed, to the satisfaction of the Commander. 
 
 The Queen's "Conway" Gold Medal. — Her Majesty has been 
 pleased to declare her intention to present annually a Gold Medal to 
 the boys of the "Conway." Her Majesty's wish in the establishment 
 
"CONWAY" SCHOOL-FRIGATE. 203 
 
 of this Prize is to encourage the boys to acquire and maintain the 
 qualities which will make the finest sailor.- These consist of cheerful 
 submission to superiors, self-respect and independence of character, 
 kindness and protection to the weak, readiness to forgive offence, desire 
 to conciliate the differences of others, and, above all, fearless devotion 
 to duty, and unflinching truthfulness. The following Regulations will, 
 by her Majesty's command, be observed in awarding the Prize : — The 
 Medal will be open to boys who have been one year on board the ship, 
 and have received not less than half the total number of marks at the 
 previous quarterly Examinations. The Commander, after conferring 
 with the Head Masters, shall select not less than three nor more than 
 five of the boys whom he considers to possess the qualities for which 
 the Prize is given. He shall then submit these names to the boys who 
 have been assembled for the purpose in the School, and each boy who 
 has been on board six months (one session) previously to the time of 
 distribution shall then and there vote for one of the boys so selected. 
 The boy who obtains the highest number of votes shall receive the 
 Medal. These Regulations shall be placed upon a board on the main 
 deck, to be called the " Queen's Prize List," and the names of each boy 
 who receives the Medal shall be recorded upon such list. Her Majesty 
 also presents annually a Second Prize, consisting of a Binocular Glass j[^^, 
 and ;£3S towards the Outfit ; the desire of her Majesty being to facihtate 
 the entry into the Royal Navy of the boy who is fortunate enough, in 
 honourable competition, to obtain this Cadetship. Among numerous 
 other rewards of merit are an Admiralty nomination to a Naval Cadetship ; 
 Gold Medal of the Mercantile Marine Association ; Brocklebank Prizes 
 for proficiency in Nautical Astronomy ; Rankin Prize for Practical Sea- 
 manship ; Royal Naval Reserve Prize, for proficiency in the use of 
 Nautical Instruments ; Laird Prizes, for Mathematics ; Horsfall Prizes 
 for progress in Scriptural Knowledge, and also for Geography; and 
 several minor Prizes. 
 
 Fees. — The Terms of Admission 3.^&£\o per annum, payable half-yearly in advance. 
 Ten Guineas are charged at the commencement of each year for tlie uniform and outer 
 clothing, medical attendance, washing, books, and stationery. The Outfit, irrespective 
 of uniform, is estimated to cost about £(}. The sons of nautical members of the 
 Mercantile Manne Service Association, and of deceased and unfortunate members of 
 the Merchant Service, have privileges in admission (regulated by the Subscriptions 
 and the powers given by Subscribers to the Committee), and those of Officers in the 
 Royal Navy and Marines, are admitted at;^30 instead oi £i\o per annum. 
 
 Applications for admission of boys must be accompanied by a certificate of birth, a 
 testimonial of good character from their last Schoolmaster, or from the Clergyman or 
 Minister of the Church they attend, a medical certificate that they are healthy. 
 
 The Sessions commence on the ist of August and ist of February ; 
 but boys are entered also at the quarters commencing on the loth of 
 October and the roth of April. 
 
 " NIL DESPERANDUM." 
 
 At a recent Annual Prize Distribution on board the " CoNWAY," the Rev. Hugh 
 Stowell Brown spoke to tlie unsuccessful boys as follows :—" While I warmly 
 congratulate the successful boys, I confess my sympathies almost all go to the unsuc- 
 cessful ones. I was an unsuccessful schoolboy myself, and that accounts for the deep 
 sympathy I have for lads who get no prizes. I never won a prize in my school days. 
 I was trying all the time I was at school, but it was utterly in vain. So I feel for 
 those who have not won prizes. But I would advise you, my young friends, not at 
 
204 SOATS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 all to get into the dumps because you have not been successful. I think if you 
 keep your spirits up and try again, tliough you may never be successful in winning 
 school prizes, yet the pluck which sustains a young fellow under the disappointment 
 of unsuccess will probably in after life be of greater value to him than the most 
 splendid abilities by which success in school is gained. If you will only be plucky 
 and keep your spirits up there will be no fear of you because you don't happen 
 to gain a prize. The Duke of WeUington never gained a prize at school, and 
 in that respect he and I are very much alike. (Laughter.) But the Duke of Wel- 
 lington won some battles afterwards, and so I hope it wUl be with you. Many and 
 many a lad, like the Dul^e of WeUington and myself, (renewed laughter,) who won 
 nothing in the way of prizes at school, has nevertheless done pretty fairly in the 
 battle of his after life. The late Archbishop of Dublin, who was a very wise man, 
 speaking about very precocious boys — and rather unprecocious ones — says that grey- 
 hound fanciers never take a fancy to a compact-shaped and well-formed puppy, 
 because they think he will never make a fast dog, and they very greatly prefer the 
 loose-jointed, awkward, and clumsy ones. Now that was the only comfoi t my father 
 and mother ever had in me — (much laughter) — and so with regard to the lads who 
 may have been the lowest down in these classes, I won't despair of them, because my 
 experience teaches me that it would be wrong to do so." 
 
 Commander, Richard Mowell, R.N., School Frigate " Conway," 
 Rock Ferry, Birkenhead. 
 
 "Indefatigable" Training Ship.— Moored opposite the 
 New Ferry Pier, Liverpool. — ^Boys of all religious denominations are 
 eligible for admission to this Ship, provided they are destitute, either 
 from Orphanage or by reason of the poverty of their relatives or friends. 
 The claims of Orphans, or Sons of Seafaring Men connected with the 
 Port of Liverpool, to be preferred ; but, after such claims have been 
 met, the Committee shall be authorised to admit other Destitute Boys 
 whose circumstances may seem to present the most urgent need. No 
 Boy will be received on board the Ship under the age of twelve years, or 
 above the age oi ffteen years. No Boy will be received who, upon 
 medical examination, is found to be physically unfitted for fulfilling the 
 duties belonging to a Seafaring Life. The period during which a Boy 
 may remain on board the Ship is intended to be not less than Two 
 Years, and this period can only be extended by the special sanction of 
 the Committee in each individual case. Life Governors or others 
 willing to contribute a sum of not less than ^loo to the Funds of the 
 Institution, or an Annual Subscription of not less than ;£'io, shall for 
 every such Donation or Subscription have the right of Nominating a 
 Boy for Admittance into the Ship, provided there be a vacancy, and 
 that he is in all respects eligible in conformity with the Rules, and 
 approved by the Committee for the time being. 
 
 Education, Instruction, and Discipline. — The Boys are divided 
 into two watches — Port and Starboard. During School-hours they are 
 under the Schoolmaster, who is assisted by a Pupil Teacher. During 
 this time the studies comprise — Reading, Spelling, Writing, Dictation, 
 Arithmetic, Geography, and Scripture. During Nautical Instruction 
 the Boys are under the Captain and Seamen Instructors, by whom 
 they are exercised in all the duties of practical Seamanship ; are taught 
 the Compass ; " Rule of the Road " at Sea ; use of the lead and line ; 
 heaving the log ; management of boats ; knotting, splicing, setting, 
 reefing, and furling sails ; sending up and down masts and yards, and 
 generally in practical Navigation. The Boys are taught to sling and 
 lash their hammocks ; to do all cleaning on board ; and to make, wash, 
 
BOYS ON BOARD A TRAINING SHIP. 
 
 205 
 
 and mend their own clothes. In turn the Boys keep an anchor watch, 
 two at a time, for two hours. There is a division into messes, of about 
 fourteen Boys each, under the charge of a petty officer, who is selected 
 from among the Boys for his general good conduct and trustworthiness. 
 Certain privileges are attached to this office, which make it an object of 
 emulation to the well-disposed. Divine Service is performed on Sun- 
 days. Prayers are read twice each day. 
 
 BOYS ON BOARD A TRAINING SHIP. 
 
 According to the rules and discipline of the "Indefatigable," the boys are re- 
 quired to rise at six o'clock in the morning, both summer and winter. At half-past 
 six they repair to the wash-house in watches to wash themselves ; and at seven 
 o'clock, the tables and forms having been arranged by the boys told off for the duty, 
 breakfast takes place, the boys being divided into messes of fourteen each. The 
 breakfast consists of porridge and biscuit, and cocoa and biscuit, on each alternate 
 day ; and this being over, the tables are cleared away, and the deck swept and put 
 in order and made ready for the inspection of the boys, which subsequently takes 
 place, before the commencement of sclaool and work hours ; but in the meantime the 
 lads ascend to the upper deck, where the process of nautical instruction is gone 
 through by the Captam and seamen instructors on board, and this is perhaps one of 
 the most interesting sights for the visitor to the ship. To see these lads, many of 
 whom only a short time since were lost wanderers in the streets, eagerly running up the 
 rigging, and loosing, setting, reefing, and furling sails, together with the agihty they 
 display in manning the yards, and other similar exercises, makes it no matter of 
 surprise or wonder that the Institution should now be furnishing to our shipowners, 
 from day to day, which is the actual fact, some of the most efficient seamen of the 
 period. After nautical exercises, the boys return to the main-deck, where the inspec- 
 tion takes place, and at nine o'clock, immediately before the commencement of 
 school and work hours, prayers are read ; after which, the watch intended for the 
 school studies of the day repair to the port side of the deck, whilst the watch whose 
 duties are domestic work and labour go to the starboard. School hours last untU 
 twelve o'clock ; and the diligent manner in which the boys attend to the instruction 
 offered them, as well as their uniform good behaviour, cannot fail to make a favour- 
 able impression on the visitor, and is creditable alike to the instructor and in- 
 structed. At twelve o'clock the decks are cleared, and at the sound of the bugle 
 the tables are lowered for dinner, which is then supplied to the boys, fourteen to each 
 mess, as before stated. The dinner on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, consists of 
 meat, broth, potatoes, and biscuits ; Tuesday, Thursday, and Sunday, roast beef, 
 pudding, and biscuits : Saturday, same as Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. After 
 dinner, which occupies about half an hour, there is recreation of various kinds until 
 about a quarter to two, when the two watches are again called, and each go to 
 their respective occupations in school and at domestic labom- until four o'clock, when 
 the decks are swept, and the band practises until five o'clock, after which the boys 
 amuse themselves until six, when they are supplied with tea. The occupation of 
 the boys between tea and bed-time is varied each evening. On Monday night there 
 is general play and amusements ; Tuesday night, singing ; AVednesday night, play 
 again; Thursday night, the practice of sacred music, as preparation for the Sunday 
 services ; on Friday night, there is a general cleaning of the decks ; and Saturday 
 night is generally devoted to making and repairing clothing, &c. On Saturday, also, 
 the boys take their baths, in two large baths which are placed in the forecastle. On 
 Sunday mornings, after breakfast, the boys are inspected for the purpose of seeing 
 that all of them are decent and clean for divine service, which commences at eleven 
 o'clock, the schoolmaster having previously given each boy the collects and lessons 
 for the day. The Captain reads the Church Service, and those boys sufficiently 
 advanced in education are appointed to read the lessons — a task which they perform 
 in a very creditable manner. On Sunday, after dinner, the boys parade about the 
 decks until two o'clock, when they attend school, and receive instruction in Bible 
 lessons. On this day tea is served at five o'clock, after which they again attend 
 evening service, at half-past six, and at half-past eight o'clock, as on all the other 
 evenings of the week, they retire to bed. 
 
 Such is the course of instruction and training which is afforded to the boys who 
 are from time to time received on board this school ship ; and the paternal care 
 
206 
 
 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 wliich is extended to them, coupled with the education which they receive, and the 
 salutaiy and not less kind discipline to which they are subjected, will doubtless have 
 led the reader to the natural conclusion, that youths who have been so cared for and 
 prepared for that partieular " battle of life " for which they have been primaiily 
 educated, will be eagerly sought after by shipowners for service on their vessels ; and 
 it is gratifying to know that this is essentially true ; for now that the Institution has 
 been in existence for about five years, its conductors and managers have begun to 
 experience the practical fruits of their labours in rescuing lost and neglected orphans 
 from the haunts of wickedness and vice, and placing them in a position to become 
 honest and useful citizens. " No difficulty," says the last Report, " is experienced in 
 obtaining ships for the boys;'' and, considering the peculiar advantages which they 
 possess, this is'not to be wondered at ; for, instead of going on board ship as nothing 
 more than "raw recruits," with eveiything to learn, the boys from the "Indefatigable," 
 when they leave it to enter into the emploj'ment of the shipowners of the port, do so 
 already possessed of the practical knowledge which it takes almost an entire appren- 
 ticeship to learn. Two years is the time limited for each boy to remain on board the 
 "Indefatigable;" and on his going into the service of a shipowner on board any 
 vessel, he is provided with an outfit, in addition to the food, clothing, shelter, and 
 education which he has already received. About 150 boys have been sent to sea 
 since the Institution was established, most of them as ordinary seamen, but some 
 as apprentices ; and it is highly satisfactory to be able to state that, with two ex- 
 ceptions only, all these boys have conducted themselves creditably and well, and 
 earned the warm commendations of their employers. In several instances they have 
 been advanced beyond the rank of ordinary seamen, whilst others have passed their 
 Mates' Examinations ; and, above all — which must be extremely gratifying to the 
 originators and supporters of the Institution — it has come to the knowledge of the 
 Committee that more than one of the lads who were withdrawn in poverty and rags 
 from the streets of Liverpool, and educated and trained on board the "Indefatigable," 
 are now, out of their earnings at sea, which they have been enabled to command 
 through the fostering care which this Institution extended to them, the support of 
 destitute mothers, whose almoner was the parish, and whose home was the work- 
 house. A charitable Institution which can produce such results as these must com- 
 mend itself to the support of all who have the means, and enlist on its behalf the 
 warmest sympathies which it is within the power of philantliropy to evoke. 
 
 Captain Groome, " Indefatigable," Liverpool. 
 LIST OF TRAINING SHIPS. 
 
 BOSCAWEN, Portland. 
 
 BRiTANNiA(yo?-iVa'z'a/ Cadets), Dartmouth. 
 
 Chichester,* the Thames. 
 
 Cumberland, Glasgow. 
 
 Conway, Liverpool. 
 
 Formidable,* Bristol. 
 
 Ganges, Falmouth. 
 
 HiNDOSTAN (Auxiliary to "Britannia"'). 
 
 Implacable, Devonport. 
 
 Impregnable, Devonport. 
 Indefatigable,* Liverpool. 
 Mars,* Dundee. 
 Nautilus, the Thames. 
 St. Vincent, Portsmouth. 
 Southampton,* Hull. 
 Warspite,* Woolwich. 
 Wellesley,* Newcastle-on-Tyne. 
 Worcester, tlie Thames. 
 
 There are also the Goliath, for pauper boys, in connection with the 
 Forest Gate School District ; the Cornwall, Purfieet, a Juvenile Re- 
 formatory; the Akbar, a Protestant, and the Clarence, a Catholic 
 Reformatory, Liverpool. Those marked * have a similar organisation 
 to the Indefatigable, except that the latter is supported solely by 
 voluntary contributions, while the Formidable and Wellesley are 
 aided by Government, under the Industrial Schools Act. 
 
 Royal Naval School. — New Cross, Kent, S.E. Instituted 
 1833 ; incorporated by Act of Parhament 1840. Patron, Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty the Queen. The Education in the School is 
 general, and not for the Royal Navy only. Boys are prepared for the 
 Universities, for the Militar}', Naval, and East Indian Services, for the 
 
ROYAL NAVAL SCHOOL. 207 
 
 Civil Service and other Competitive Examinations, and for Mercantile 
 Pursuits. After a boy has passed through the Lower School, he may be 
 specially prepared for any Public Examination or Profession, on appli- 
 cation to the Principal. The regular Course of Instruction includes 
 Divinity, English, French, German, Latin, Greek, Ancient and Modem 
 History and Geography, Arithmetic, Navigation, Mathematics, Natural 
 Philosophy, Writing, Book-keeping, Mapping, and Drilling. Lectures 
 are given on Scientific and General Subjects each term. There is Divine 
 Service in the School Chapel on Sundays. There are good Play- 
 grounds, a Cricket Field of about four acres, a large Swimming Bath, a 
 Fives Court, a Gymnasium, and a Library on the premises. 
 
 Prizes offered for competition yearly : — Gold Medal, Classical Silver 
 Medal, Mathematical Silver Medal, Three Silver Medals for Industry 
 and Good Conduct, Prizes of Books. University Exhibitions. — One of 
 £10 per annum, tenable for four years, open to the whole school. The 
 Malcolm Scholarship of about £^0 per annum, tenable for three years, 
 for Sons of Officers in the Royal Navy or Marines. 
 
 Nominations for Cadetships, &c. — Four Nominations for Naval Cadet- 
 ships, a Nomination for Clerk's Assistant, and a Nomination for a Navi- 
 gating Cadetship, are given yearly by the Lords of the Admiralty, and 
 awarded at the discretion of the Council. The Yarborough Scholarship 
 (value about £,ZZ) is attached to the first Naval Cadetship. 
 
 Entrance. — The right of nominating boys is acquired — (i.) By a 
 debenture of ;^25, paid at one time ; this Debenture is held for two lives, 
 and gives each life in succession the right of continuously nominating a 
 Pupil for admission into the School, but with a payment of £^2i on the 
 transfer to the second life. (2.) By a payment ol £,10; this entitles 
 the person paying the same to nominate one Pupil only. (3.) Instead 
 of either of these nominations, the sum of J[^2 los. per annum may be 
 paid (half-yearly), so long as the boy remains in the school. No boy 
 can be admitted who has been expelled or removed for misconduct from 
 any other school. A certificate of good conduct from the last school 
 must be produced prior to admission. No boys are admitted under 
 the age of eight, or allowed to remain after the age of eighteen, without 
 the leave of the Council. Previous to admission, a baptismal or 
 Registrar-General's certificate or other satisfactory evidence of age 
 must be produced. No boy can be admitted who is unable to read or 
 spell. No boy can be admitted or readmitted into the School until the 
 Medical Attendant has certified him to be free from contagious disease, 
 and any infirmity that may render him objectionable. 
 
 Fees.— For Sons of Officers in the Royal Navy or Marines, £/s,o per annum, •with 
 a nomination ; £/^2 los. per annum, without a nomination. (A limited number of 
 Pupils are admitted on lower terms ; applications for particulars to be made to the 
 Secretary.) For Grandsons, Nephews, and Stepsons of Officers in the Royal Navy 
 or Marines, Sons of Officers in the Army, Sons of Civil Service of the Crown, ^45 
 per annum (no nomination required). For Sons of Gentlemen not in the Service of 
 the Crown, ;f 55 per annum, with a nomination ; ^^57 los. per annum, without a 
 nomination. The number of these Pupils is limited by the By-laws. 
 
 These charges include Board, Education, Stationery, Washing, and Medical 
 Attendance. There are extias for Drawing, Hindustani, Music, and Dancing. 
 
 Secretary, Alfred Fames, Esq. 
 
208 SO/>/S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 MEDICAL. 
 
 Royal College of Physicians, Pall Mall East, London, 
 S.W. The Corporation consists of Fellows, Members, and Licentiates, 
 licentiates are entitled to register under the Medical Act, and to practise 
 Medicine, Surgery, aiad Midwifery in any part of her Majesty's do- 
 minions, and may compound or dispense medicines for patients under 
 their own care. There are separate Examinations for the Membership 
 and the License. The Fee for Membership is ^^31 los. ; for License, 
 £^x<^ 15s. The Regulations relating to admission to Membership may 
 be obtained upon application to the Registrar. 
 
 Licentiates. — The following abridgment of the Regulations relating 
 to the admission of Licentiates will, together with the information sup- 
 plied in connection with the Medical Colleges and Schools, prove 
 sufficient for all preliminary purposes : — Every Candidate for the College 
 License (except when otherwise provided by the By-laws) is required 
 to produce satisfactory evidence — 
 
 I. Of having attained the age of twenty-one years. 
 
 II. Of moral character. 
 
 III. Of having passed, before the commencement of Professional 
 Study, an Examination in the subjects of General Education recognised 
 by the College. 
 
 IV. Of having been registered as a Medical Student in the manner 
 prescribed by the General Medical Council. 
 
 , After October 1870, every Candidate (not exempted from Registra- 
 tion) is required to have been registered at least four years previously. 
 
 V. Or having been engaged in Professional Studies during four years, 
 of which at least three Winter Sessions and two Summer Sessions shall 
 have been passed at a recognised Medical School or Schools, and one 
 Winter Session and two Summer Sessions in one or other of the follow- 
 ing ways : — 
 
 1. Attending the Practice of a Hospital or other Institution recognised 
 by the College for that purpose. 
 
 2. Receiving instruction as a Pupil of a legally-qualified Practitioner, 
 holding any Public Appointment which affords opportunities, satisfactory 
 to the Examiners, of imparting a practical knowledge of Medicine, 
 Surgery, or Midwifery. 
 
 3. Attending Lectures on any of the required subjects of Professional 
 Study at a recognised place of instruction. 
 
 Professional Studies commenced before the Candidate shall have 
 passed an Examination in the subjects of General Education will not be 
 recognised by the College. 
 
 VI. Of having attended, during three Winter Sessions and two Summer 
 Sessions, the Medical and Surreal Practice at a recognised Hospital or Hos- 
 pitals ; of having discharged the duties of Chnical Clerk at a recognised 
 Hospital for a period of not less than three months ; of having performed 
 the duties of Dresser at a recognised Hospital for a period of not less 
 than three months; and of having been engaged during six months in 
 the Clinical Study of Diseases peculiar to Women. 
 
ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 
 
 209 
 
 The requirements printed in italics apply to Candidates who commenced their 
 Professional Education in the United Kingdom on or after October 1st, 1867 ; 
 and to Candidates who commenced their Professional Education at a recognised 
 Foreign or Colonial School on or after October ist, 1868. 
 
 VII. Of having studied the following subjects : — 
 
 Anatomy (with Dissections) 
 
 Physiology 
 
 Chemistry 
 
 Practical Chemistry . 
 
 Materia Medica . 
 
 Practical Pharmacy . 
 
 During Two Winter Sessions. 
 „ Two Winter Sessions. 
 „ Six Months. 
 „ Three Months. 
 „ Three Months. 
 „ Three Months. 
 
 By Practical Pharmacy is meant Instruction in the Laboratory of a Regis- 
 tered Medical Practitioner, or of a Member of the Pharmaceutical 
 Society of Great Britain, or of a Public Hospital or Dispensary recog- 
 nised by the College. 
 
 Botany During Three Months. 
 
 This Course of Lectures may be attended prior to the commencement of . 
 Professional Studies ; and any Candidate producing satisfactory evidence 
 that Botany formed one of the subjects of his Preliminary Examination 
 will be exempt from attendance on this Course. 
 
 Morbid Anatomy During Six Months. 
 
 This includes attendance and instruction in the Post-mortem Room during 
 the period of Clinical Study. 
 
 Principles and Practice of Medicine . During Two Winter Sessions. 
 I It is required that the principles of Public Health should be comprised 
 
 in this Course of Lectures, or in the Course of Lectures on Forensic 
 Medicine. 
 The attendance on these Lectures must not commence earlier than the 
 second Winter Session at a recognised Medical School. 
 
 Principles and Practice of Surgery . During Two Winter Sessions. 
 
 The attendance on these Lectures must not commence earlier than the 
 second Winter Session at a recognised Medical School. 
 
 clinical medicine . . . .During{^J-/^«^;f,~_ 
 
 The attendance on these Lectures must not commence until after the first 
 Winter Session at a recognised Medical School. 
 
 CLINICAL surgery . . . • Buring { ^ J^ ^^"fJ^iS^.. 
 The attendance on these Lectures must not commence until after the first 
 
 Winter Session at a recognised Medical School. 
 By Clinical Medicine and Clinical Surgery are meant special Study and 
 
 Instruction at the bedside, with Lectures on Cases. 
 
 Midwifery and the Diseases Peculiar 
 
 to Women During Three Months. 
 
 Certificates must also be produced of attendance on not less than twenty 
 Labours, and of Instruction and Proficiency in Vaccination. 
 
 Forensic Medicine During Three Months. 
 
 VIII. Of having passed the Professional Examination. 
 
 Licentiates of this College may not compound or dispense medicines 
 except for patients under their own care. 
 
 Licentiates of the College have the use of the Library and Museum, 
 subject to the Regulations relating thereto, and are admitted to all 
 Lectures, and enjoy such further privileges as may from time to time be 
 defined by the By-laws ; but they are not entitled to any share in the 
 government, or to attend or vote at General Meetings of the Corporation. 
 
 Registrar, Henry Alfred Pitman, M.D. 
 p 
 
210 SOJVS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Royal College of Surgeons, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C. 
 Incorporated by Acts of Parliament of 1800, and subsequent years. 
 The Museum is open to Members of the College, and to Visitors intro- 
 duced by them personally or by written orders on the public days, 
 which are Monday, Tuesday,' Wednesday, and Thursday in each week, 
 from 12 to 4 in Winter, 12 to 5 in Summer. During September the 
 Museum is closed. The Museum is also open to all Fellows and Licen- 
 tiates of the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons in the United 
 Kingdom ; to Officers in the Public Services ; to the Members of all 
 the Learned and Scientific Bodies in the IJnited Kingdom, and to all 
 learned and scientific Foreigners. Persons wishing to devote especial 
 study to departments of the Museum may have access for that purpose 
 on Fridays, on making a written application to the President. 
 
 Library. — The Libraryis open on all ordinary days to Members and 
 Articled Students of theCoUfegefrom 11 till 5. Members have the privi- 
 lege Qi personally introducing a visitor. Persons not Members, desirous of 
 admission, must make application in writing to the Library Committee, 
 specifying their Christian and surname, rank or profession, and residence ; 
 and also forward a recommendation from a Member. In the case of 
 Students, the application must be accompanied by a recommendation 
 signed by two of their teachers, Members of 'the College. Tickets of 
 admission, which are not transferable, are granted for six months, at the 
 expiration of which time application must be made for their renewal. 
 
 Prizes. — There is a Collegial Triennial Prize of fifty guineas ; and a 
 Jacksonian Prize of about ;£io ; open to competition among the Fellows 
 and Members of the College. 
 
 SECTION I. — Preliminary General Education and 
 
 Examination. 
 
 I. Candidates who commenced their Professional Education on or 
 after the 1st of January, r86i, will be required to produce one or other 
 of the following Certificates ; — 
 
 1 . Of Graduation in Arts at a University recognised for this pnrpose. 
 
 The following are the Universities at present recognised, viz. : — 
 
 Oxford, Cambridge, Dublin, London, Durh.^m, Queen's University in 
 
 Ireland, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen, and St. Andrew's. 
 Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay. 
 Canada, McGill College, Montreal ; and Queen's College, Kingston. 
 
 2. Of having passed an Examination for Matriculation, or such other Examina- 
 
 tion as shall, in either case, from time to time be sanctioned by the Council 
 of this College, at a University in the United Kingdom, or at a Colonial or 
 Foreign University recognised by the Council of this College. 
 
 The following are the Examinations at present recognised, viz. : — 
 Oxford. — Responsions or Moderations. 
 
 Middle-Class Examinations, Senior, the Certificates to include Latin 
 and Mathematics. 
 Cambridge. — Previous Examination. 
 
 Middle-Class Examinations, Senior, the Certificates to include Latin 
 and Mathematics. 
 Dublin.— Entrance Examination. 
 London. — Matriculation Examination. 
 
 Durham. — Examination of Students in Arts in their second and first years. 
 Middle-Class Examinations, Senior, the ' Certificates to include Latin 
 
 and Mathematics. 
 Registration Examination for Medical Students. 
 
ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. 211 
 
 Queen's University in Ireland, — Two years' Arts Course for Diploma of 
 Licentiate in Arts. 
 
 Preliminary Examinations at end of B.A. Course. 
 Middle-Class Examinations, the Certificates to include Latin and Ma- 
 thematics. 
 Matriculation Examinations. 
 
 Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Glasgow, and St. Andrew's. — Preliminary or Extra 
 Professional Examinations for Graduation in Medicine. 
 
 Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay.- — Matriculation Examinations. 
 
 Canada; Queen's College, Kingston. — Matriculation Examination, Preli- 
 minary Examination of Students in Medicine ; McGill College, Montreal ; 
 University College, Toronto ; Victoria College, Toronto ; University of 
 Laval, Quebec. — Matriculation Examinations. 
 
 Nova Scotia; King's College, Windsor. — Matriculation Examination. — 
 Responsions. New Brunswick ; Fredericton. — Matriculation Examina- 
 tion. 
 
 Australia ; Melbourne. — ^Matriculation Examination, with a Certificate that 
 the Student has passed an Examination in Latin. Sydney. —Matricula- 
 tion Examination. 
 
 New York ; BeUevue Hospital Medical College. — ^Matriculation Examina- 
 tion. 
 
 3. Of having passed the Preliminary Examination for the Fellowship of this 
 
 College. 
 
 4. Of having passed the Preliminary Examinations of the Royal Colleges of 
 
 Surgeons in Ireland and of Edinburgh, or of the Faculty of Physicians and 
 Surgeons of Glasgow. 
 
 5. Of having passed the Examination in Arts of the Society of Apothecaries of 
 
 London, or of the Apothecaries' Hall of Ireland. 
 
 6. Of having passed the First-Class Examination of the Royal College of 
 
 Preceptors. 
 
 7. Of having obtained the Testamur of the Codrington College, Barbadoes. 
 
 8. Of having obtained the Degree of Associate of Arts granted by the Tasmanian 
 
 Council of Education, with a Certificate that the Student has been examined 
 In Latin and Mathematics. 
 
 9. Of having passed the Voluntary Examinations of Christ's College, Canterbury, 
 
 New Zealand, the Certificate to include all the subjects required from time 
 to time in the Preliminary Examination of the College. 
 
 II. Candidates who shall not be able to produce one or other of the 
 foregoing Certificates will be required to pass an Examination in Eng- 
 lish, Classics, and Mathematics, conducted by the Board of Examiners 
 of the Royal College of Preceptors, under the direction and supervision 
 of this College. The following are. the subjects of the Examination 
 for 1872, viz.: — 
 
 Part I.— Compulsory Subjects. 
 
 1 . Reading aloud a passage from some Enghsh author. 
 
 2. Writing from dictation. 
 
 3. EngKsh Grammar. 
 
 4. Writing a short English composition ; such as a description of a place, an 
 
 account of some useful or natural product, or the like. 
 
 5. Arithmetic. No Candidate will be passed who does not show a competent 
 
 knowledge of the first four rules, simple and compound, of Vulgar Fractions, 
 and of Decimals. 
 
 6. Questions on the Geography of Europe, and particularly of the British Isles. 
 
 7. Questions on the outlines of English History ; that is, the' succession of the 
 
 Sovereigns and the leading events of each reign. 
 
 8. Mathematics. Euclid, Books I. and II., or the subjects thereof; Algebra, 
 
 to Simple Equations inclusive. 
 
 9. Translation of a passage firom the second book of Caesar's Commentaries, 
 
 "DeBeUo Gallico." 
 
 Part II. — Optional Subjects. 
 Papers will also be set on the following six subjects ; and each 
 
212 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Candidate will be required to offer himself for Examination on one 
 subject at least, at his option ; but no Candidate will be allowed to offer 
 himself for Examination on more than four subjects :— 
 
 1. Translation of a passage from the first book of the "Anabasis" of Xenophon. 
 
 2. Translation of a passage from X. B. Saintine's "Picciola." 
 
 3. Translation of a passage from Schiller's " Wilhelm Tell." 
 
 Besides these Translations into English, the Candidate will be re- 
 quired to answer questions on the Grammar of each subject, whether 
 compulsory or optional. 
 
 4. Mechanics. The questions wiE be chiefly of an elementary character. 
 
 5. Chemistry. The questions will be on the elementary facts of Chemistry. 
 
 6. Botany and Zoology. The questions will be on the Classification of Plants 
 
 and Animals. 
 The quality of the handwriting and the spelling will be taken into account. 
 
 Each Candidate \who has not already paid the anwuntl is required to 
 pay a fee of £,2 on the morning of the first day of the Examination 
 prior to his admission thereto. The exact dates of the Examination 
 will be duly advertised when fixed in the Medical Journals ; and Candi- 
 dates are required to send in the prescribed forms of application not 
 less than three weeks before the commencement of the Examination. 
 
 A Candidate, in order to qualify for the Fellowship, is required, in 
 addition to the subjects included in Part I., to pass in Greek, French 
 or German, and in one at his option of the remaining subjects in 
 Part II. 
 
 SECTION II.— Professional Education. 
 
 I. Professional Studies prior to the date at which the Candidate shall 
 have passed an Examination in General Knowledge in conformity with 
 the Regulation in the preceding Section are not recognised. 
 
 II. The following wiU be considered as the commencement of 
 Professional Education : — 
 
 1. Attendance on the Practice of a Hospital, or other Public Institution recog- 
 
 nised by this College for that purpose. 
 
 2. Instruction as the Pupil of a legally-qualified Surgeon, holding the appoint- 
 
 ment of Surgeon to a Hospital, General Dispensary, or Union 'Workhouse, 
 or where such opportunities of practical instruction are afforded as shall be 
 satisfactory to the Council. 
 
 3. Attendance on Lectures on Anatomy, Physiology, or Chemistry, by Lecturers 
 
 recognised by this College. 
 
 The commencement of Professional Study, otherwise than by attend- 
 ance on Lectures in recognised Medical Schools, or by attendance on 
 the Practice of recognised Hospitals, will not be admitted until a Cer- 
 tificate thereof shall be furnished to the Secretary for registration at the 
 College, by the Practitioner whose Pupil the Candidate shall have 
 become, or by the Medical Superintendent of the Hospital or other 
 Institution to the practice of which he shall have entered, and will, 
 consequently, date only from the reception of such Certificate by the 
 Secretary ; the Certificate to be accompanied by proof of having passed 
 the necessary PreHminary Examination in General Knowledge. 
 
 III. Candidates will be required to produce the following Certifi- 
 cates, viz. : — 
 
 1. Of being ^f«^-o«(? years of age. 
 
 2. Of having been engaged, subsequently to the date of passing the Preliminary 
 
 Examination, during four years, or during a period extending over not less 
 
ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. 213 
 
 than four Winter and four Summer Sessions, in the acquirement of pro- 
 fessional knowledge. 
 
 3. Of having attended Lectures on Anatomy during two Winter Sessions. 
 
 4. Of having performed Dissections during not less than two Winter Sessions. 
 
 5. Of having attended Lectures on General Anatomy and Pliysiology during one 
 
 Winter Session. 
 
 6. Of having attended a Practical Course of General Anatomy and Physiology 
 
 during another Winter or a Summer Session, consisting of not less than 
 thirty meetings of the Class. By the Practical Coarse referred to, it is 
 meant that the learners themselves shall, individually, be engaged in the 
 necessary experiments, manipulations, fee 
 
 7. Of having attended Lectures on Surgery during one Winter Session. 
 
 8. Of having attended a Course of Practical Surgery during a period occupying 
 
 not less than six months prior or subsequent to the Course required by 
 Clause 7. 
 
 The Course of Practical Surgery referred to in Clause 8 is intended 
 to embrace instruction in which each Pupil shall be exercised in 
 practical details, such as in 
 
 The application of Anatomical facts to Surgery, on the living person, or on the 
 
 ■ dead body. 
 The methods of proceeding and the manipulations necessary in order to detect 
 
 the effects of diseases and accidents, on the living person, or on the dead 
 
 body. 
 The performance, where practicable, of the operations of Surgery on the 
 
 dead body. 
 The use of Surgical Apparatus. 
 The examination of diseased structures, as illustrated in fhe contents of a 
 
 museum of Morbid Anatomy and otherwise. 
 
 9. Of having attended one Course of Lectures on each of the following subjects, 
 
 viz. : — 
 
 Chemistry. 
 
 Materia Medica. 
 
 Medicine. 
 
 Forensic Medicine. 
 
 Midwifery (with practical instruction, and a certificate of having personally 
 conducted not less than ten labours). 
 
 Pathological Anatomy during not less than three months. 
 The Course of Lectures on Chemistry included in Clause 9 will not be required 
 in the case of a Candidate who shall have passed a satisfactory Examination 
 in this subject in his Preliminary Examination. 
 
 10. Of having studied Practical Pharmacy during three months. 
 
 11. Of having attended a three months' course of Practical Chemistry (with 
 
 Manipulations), in its application to Medical Study. 
 
 12. Of Instruction and Proficiency in the practice of Vaccination. 
 
 In the case of Candidates who commenced their Professional Educa- 
 tion on or after the ist of October, 1868, the Certificate of Instruction 
 in Vaccination will only be received from recognised Vaccine Stations, 
 or from recognised Vaccine Departments in Medical Schools or Hos- 
 pitals, or other Public Institutions, where the appointed Teacher of 
 Vaccination is not liable to frequent change, and where ample means 
 for study are provided by not less than such a number of cases (eight 
 or ten on an average weekly) as may be found, after due inquiry, to be 
 sufficient for this purpose at each place. 
 
 The Certificates of attendance on the several Courses of Lectures 
 must include evidence that the Student has attended the Practical 
 Instructions and Examinations of his Teacher in each Course. 
 
 13. Of having attended, at a recognised Hospital or Hospitals, the Practice of 
 
 Surgery during three Winter and two Summer Sessions. 
 
 The Winter Session comprises a period of six months, and, in 
 
214 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 England, commences on the ist of October and terminates on the 
 3 1 St of March. The Summer Session comprises a period of three months, 
 and, in England, commences on the ist of May and terminates on the 
 31st of July. 
 
 14. Of having been individually engaged, at least twice in each -week, in the 
 
 observation and examination of Patients at a recognised Hospital, or 
 Hospitals, under tte direction of a recognised Teacher, during not less 
 than three months. 
 It is intended that the Candidate should receive the instruction 
 
 requited by Clause 14 at an early period of his attendance at the 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 15. Of having, subsequently to the first Winter Session of attendance on Surgical 
 
 Hospital Practice, attended, at a recognised Hospital or Hospitals, Clinical 
 Lectures on Surgery during two Winter and two Summer Sessions. 
 
 16. Of having been a Dresser at a recognised Hospital, or of having, subsequently 
 
 to the completion of one year's professional education, taken charge of 
 Patients under the superintendence of a Surgeon during not less than six 
 months, at a Hospital, General Dispensaiy, or Parochial or Union 
 Infirmary recognised for this purpose, or in such other similar manner as, 
 in the opinion of the Council, shall afford sufficient opportunity for the 
 acquirement of Practical Surgery. 
 
 17. Of having attended, during the whole period of attendance on Surgical 
 
 Hospital Practice (see Clause 13), demonstrations in the Post-mortem 
 Rooms of a recognised Hospital. 
 
 18. Of having attended, at a recognised Hospital or Hospitals, the Practice of 
 
 Medicine, and Clinical Lectures on Medicine, during one Winter and one 
 Summer Session. 
 
 Clauses 6, 8, 11, 14, and 17, together with the Courses of Lectures 
 on Forensic Medicine and Pathological Anatomy mentioned in 
 Clause 9, are apphcable to Candidates who commenced their Pro- 
 fessional Education on and after the ist of October, 1870. 
 
 Blank Forms of the required Certificates may be obtained on appli- 
 cation to the Secretary, and all necessary Certificates will be retained at 
 the College. 
 
 SECTION III. 
 
 I. Candidates will not be received on more than one branch of 
 Science from one and the same Lecturer ; but Anatomy and Dissection 
 will be considered as one branch of Science. 
 
 II. Certificates will not be recognised from any Hospital in the United 
 Kingdom, unless the Surgeons thereto be members of one of the legally- 
 constituted Colleges of Surgeons in the United Kingdom ; nor from 
 any School of Anatomy and Physiology or Midwifery, unless the 
 Teachers in such School be members of some legally-constituted 
 College of Physicians or Surgeons in the United Kingdom ; nor from 
 any School of Surgery, unless the teachers in such School be members 
 of one of the legally-constituted Colleges of Surgeons in the United 
 Kingdom. 
 
 III. No Metropolitan Hospital will be recognised by this College 
 which contains less than 150, and no Provincial or Colonial Hospital 
 which contains less than 100 Patient's. 
 
 IV. The recognition of Colonial Hospitals and Schools is governed 
 by the same Regulations, with respect to number of Patients and to 
 Courses of Lectures, as apply to the recognition of Provincial Hospitals 
 and Schools in England. 
 
ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. 215 
 
 V. Certificates of Attendance upon the practice of a recognised Pro- 
 vincial or Colonial Hospital unconnected with, or not in convenient 
 proximity to, a recognised Medical School, will not be received for 
 more than one Winter and one Summer Session of the Hospital Attend- 
 ance required by the Regulations of this College ; and in such cases 
 Clinical Lectures will not be necessary, but a Certificate of having 
 acted as Dresser for a period of at least six months will be required. 
 
 VI. Certificates will not be received from Candidates who have 
 studied in London, unless they shall have registered at the College their 
 cards of admission to attendance on Lectures and Hospital Practice 
 within fifteen days from the commencement of the Session ; nor from 
 Candidates who have studied in the Provincial Schools in England, 
 unless their names shall be duly returned from their respective 
 Schools. 
 
 At their first registration in October, Candidates will be required to 
 produce a Certificate of having passed one or other of the Preliminary 
 Examinations in General Knowledge recognised by this College. 
 
 VIL Those Candidates who shall have pursued the whole of their 
 studies in Scotland or Ireland will be admitted to Examination upon the 
 production of the several Certificates required respectively by the College 
 of Surgeons of Edinburgh, the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of 
 Glasgow, and the College of Surgeons in Ireland from Candidates for 
 their Diploma, together with a Certificate of instruction and proficiency 
 in the practice of Vaccination, and satisfactory evidence of having been 
 occupied, subsequently to the date of passing the Preliminary Examina- 
 tion, at least four years, or during a period extending over four Winter 
 and four Summer Sessions, in the acquirement of professional know- 
 ledge ; and in the case of Candidates who shall have pursued the whole 
 of their studies at recognised Foreign or Colonial Universities, upon the 
 production of the several Certificates required for their Degree by the 
 Authorities of such Universities, together with a Certificate of instruction 
 and proficiency in the practice of Vaccination, and satisfactory evidence 
 of having been occupied, subsequently to the date of passing the Pre- 
 liminary Examination, at least four years, or during a period extending 
 over four Winter and four Summer Sessions, in the acquirement of pro- 
 fessional knowledge. 
 
 VIII. Members or Licentiates of any legally-constituted College of 
 Surgeons in the United Kingdom, and Graduates in Surgery of any 
 University recognised for this purpose by this College, will be admitted 
 to Examination on producing liveir Diploma, License, or Degree, together 
 with proof of being twenty-one years of age, a Certificate of instruction 
 and proficiency in the practice of Vaccination, and satisfactory evidence 
 of hg,ving been occupied, subsequently to the date of passing the Pre- 
 liminary Examination, at least four years, or during a period extending 
 over four Winter and four Summer Sessions, in the acquirement of pro- 
 fessional knowledge. 
 
 IX. Graduates in Medicine of any legally-constituted College or 
 University recognised for this purpose by this College will be admitted 
 to Examination on adducing, together with their Diploma or Degree, 
 proof of being tuienty-one years of age, a Certificate of instruction and 
 proficiency in the practice of Vaccination, and satisfactory evidence of 
 having been occupied, subsequently to the date of passing the Preliminary 
 
2i6 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Examination, at least four years, or during a period extending over four 
 Winter and four Summer Sessions, in the acquirement of professional 
 knowledge. 
 
 SECTION IV.— Professional Examination. 
 
 This Examination is divided into two parts : — 
 I. The First or Primary Examination, on Anatomy and Physiology, is partly 
 written and partly demonstrative on the recently-dissected Subject, and on 
 prepared parts of the Human body. 
 i. The Second or Pass Examination, on Surgical Anatomy and the Principles 
 and Practice of Surgery and Medicine, is partly written, partly oral, and 
 partly on the practical use of Surgical Apparatus, and the practical 
 examination of Patients. 
 
 Candidates can claim exemption from Examination in Medicine under 
 the following conditions, viz. : — 
 
 The production by the Candidate of a Degree, Diploma, or License in Medicine 
 entithng him to register under the Medical Act of 1858, or a Degree, 
 Diploma, or License in Medicine of a Colonial or Foreign University 
 approved by the Council of the College. 
 ■ A declaration by the Candidate, prior to his admission to the Final Examination 
 for Membership or Fellowship, that it is his intention to obtain either of the 
 Medical Qualifications mentioned in the foregoing paragraph, in which case 
 the Diploma of the College will not be issued to him until he shall produce 
 either the said Medical Qualification or proof of having passed the several 
 Examinations entitling him to receive the same. 
 
 3. The Primary Examinations are held in the months of January, April, May, 
 
 July, and November, and the Pass Examinations generally in the ensuing 
 week respectively. 
 
 4. Candidates will not be admitted to the Primary Examination until after the 
 
 termination of the Second Winter Session of their attendance at a recog- 
 nised School or Schools ; nor to the Pass, or Surgical Examination, until 
 after the termination of the fourth year of their professional education. 
 
 5. The fee of Five Guineas, paid prior to the Primary Examination, and allowed 
 
 on the whole fee cA £22 payable for the Diploma, is retained ; and after any 
 two consecutive failures at the Primary Examination, the Candidate is 
 required to pay an additional fee of Five Guineas prior to being again 
 admitted to that Examination, which additional fee is also retained. 
 This sum of £22 is exclusive of the fee of £2 paid for the Prehminary 
 Examination. 
 
 6. Five Guineas, part of the sum oi£\(i 15s., the balance of the whole fee due 
 
 for the Diploma and paid prior to the Pass Examination, are retained j and 
 after any two consecutive failures at the Pass Examination, the Candidate 
 is required to pay an additional fee of Five Guineas prior to being again 
 admitted to the said Pass Examination, which additional fee is also 
 retained. 
 
 7. A Candidate having entered his name for either the Primary or Pass Examina- 
 
 tion, who shall fail to attend the meeting of the Court for which he shall 
 have received a card, will not be allowed to present himself for Examination 
 within the period of three months from the date at which he shall have so 
 failed to attend. 
 
 8. A Candidate referred on the Primary Examination is required, prior to his 
 
 admission to re-examination, to produce a Certificate of the performance of 
 dissections during not less than three months subsequently to the date of 
 his reference. 
 
 9. A Candidate referred on the Pass Examination is required, prior to his 
 
 admission to re-examination, to produce a Certificate of at least six months' 
 further attendance on the Surgical Practice of a recognised Hospital, 
 together with Lectures on Clinical Surgery, subsequently to the date of his 
 reference. 
 
 Certificate of Qualification in Midwifery. — Members or 
 Licentiates of any legally-constituted College of Surgeons in the United 
 
ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. 217 
 
 Kingdom, and Graduates in Surgery of any University recognised by 
 this College, will be admitted to Examination on producing, together 
 with their Diploma, License, or Degree, proof of being twenty-one 
 years of age — of having been occupied at least four entire years in the 
 acquirement of Professional Knowledge — of having attended one 
 Course of Lectures on Midwifery — and of having attended not less 
 than twenty Labours. Graduates in Medicine of any legally-constituted 
 College or University recognised by this College will also be admitted 
 to Examination on producing, together with" their Diploma or Degree, 
 proof of being twenty-one years of age — of having been occupied at 
 least four entire years in the acquirement of Professional Knowledge — 
 of having completed, at recognised Schools, the Anatomical and Surgical 
 Education required of Candidates for the Diploma of Member of the 
 College — of having attended one Course of Lectures on Midwifery — 
 and of having attended not less than twenty Labours. 
 
 Persons having commenced their Professional Education, either by 
 attendance on Hospital Practice, or on Lectures on Anatomy, will be 
 admitted to Examination on producing Certificates of being twenty-one 
 years of age — of having been engaged during at least four entire years 
 in the acquirement of Professional Knowledge — of having completed, 
 at recognised Schools, the Professional Education required of Candidates 
 for the Diploma of Member of this College — of having attended one 
 Course of Lectures on Midwifery and the Diseases of Women and 
 Children — and of having personally conducted thirty Labours. All 
 Candidates who commenced their Professional Education on or after 
 the I St of October, 1866, will, in addition to the Certificates enumerated 
 in the foregoing Clauses, be required to produce a Certificate of having, 
 prior to such commencement, passed a Preliminary Examination in 
 General Knowledge recognised by this College. The Examinations are 
 held in the months of February, May, August, and December. 
 
 The Fee for the Certificate in Midwifery is as follows, viz. : — Persons producing 
 any Diploma or Certificate of Degree which may be considered by the Council to 
 aiibrd satisfactory proof of sufficient Surgical and Medical Education, Three Guineas. 
 All other Persons, Ten Guineas. 
 
 DENTAL SURGERY. 
 
 Regulations respecting the Professional Education of Candidates for 
 the Examination in Dental Surgery. Candidates are required to 
 produce the following Certificates : — 
 
 1 . Of being twenty-one years of age. 
 
 2. Of having been engaged during four years in the acquirement of professional 
 
 knowledge. 
 
 3. Of having attended, at a School or Schools recognised by this College, not 
 
 less than one of each of the following Courses of Lectures, delivered by 
 Lecturers recognised by this College, namely — Anatomy, Physiology, 
 Surgery, Medicine, Chemistry, and Materia Medica. 
 
 4. Of having attended a second Winter Course of Lectures on Anatomy, or a 
 
 Course of not less than twenty Lectures on the Anatomy of the Head and ' 
 Neck, delivered by Lecturers recognised by this College. 
 
 5. Of having performed Dissections at a recognised School during not less than 
 
 nine months. 
 
 6. Of having completed a course of Chemical Manipulation, under the superin- 
 
 tendence of a Teacher or Lecturer recognised by this College. 
 
 7. Of having attended, at a recognised Hospital or Hospitals in the United 
 
2l8 
 
 SO^rS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Kingdom, the Practice of Surgery and Clinical Lectures on Surgery during 
 two Winter Sessions. 
 
 8. Of having attended, at a recognised School, two Courses of Lectures upon 
 
 each of the following subjects, viz.— Dental Anatomy and Physiology 
 (Human and Comparative), Dental Surgery, Dental Mechanics, and one 
 Course of Lectures on Metallurgy, by Lecturers recognised by this College. 
 
 9. Of having been engaged, during a period of not less than three years, in 
 
 acquiring a practical familiarity with the details of Mechanical Dentistry, 
 under the instruction of a competent Practitioner. 
 10. Of having attended at a recognised Dental Hospital, or in the Dental depart- 
 ment of a recognised General Hospital, the Practice of Dental Surgery 
 during two Winter and two Summer Sessions. 
 
 The Students of the London Schools are, required to register the above 
 Certificates at this College ; and special Returns will be required from 
 the Provincial Schools. 
 
 Members of the College will be examined only by the section of the 
 Board consisting of persons skilled in Dental Surgery. A Candidate 
 whose qualification shall be found insufficient will be referred back- to 
 his studies, and will not be admitted, to re-examiriation within the period 
 of six months unless the Board shall otherwise determine. 
 
 The Fee for the Certificate of fitness to practise as a Dentist' is Ten Guineas, over 
 and above any stamp duty. 
 
 Secretary, Edward Trimmer. 
 
 RECOGNISED MEDICAL AND ALLIED SCHOOLS. 
 
 England. 
 
 Bath — United Hospital. 
 
 Bedford — Infirmary and Fever Hospital. 
 
 Birmingham — Queen's College ; General 
 Hospital ; Sydenham College. 
 
 Bristol — Medical School ; Infirmary; St. 
 Peter's Hospital ; General Hospital. 
 
 Cam-bridge — University Medical School ; 
 Addenbrooke's Hospital. 
 
 Exeter — Devon and Exeter Hospital. 
 
 liaslar — Royal Naval Hospital. 
 
 Hull — EastYorkshire School ofMedicine. 
 
 Leeds — School ofMedicine; Infirmary. 
 
 Leicester — Infirmary. 
 
 Liverpool — Royal Infirmary School of 
 Medicine ; Fever Hospital ; Northern 
 Hospital. 
 
 London- — University College ; King's 
 College ; London Hospital ; Middlesex 
 Hospital ; Charing Cross Hospital ; St. 
 Thomas's Hospital; St. Bartholomew's 
 Hospital; Westminster Hospital; Guy's 
 Hospital ; St. George's Hospital ; St. 
 Marylebone Infirmary ; Royal College 
 of Chemistiy ; St. Maiy's Hospital ; 
 Broropton Hospital for Consumption ; 
 Royal South London Dispensary; 
 Carey Street Dispensary ; St. Luke's 
 Hospital ; * Bethlehem Hospital ; * 
 Camberwell House Asylum.* 
 
 Manchester — Royal School of Medicine 
 and Surgery ; Union Hospital ; Royal 
 Infirmary; Schoolof Medicine, Owen's 
 College (for Chemistry). 
 
 * And for Lunacy practice. 
 
 Newcastle-on-Tyne—V>mh!iai. University 
 College of Medicine ; the Infirmary ; 
 College of Medicine and Practical 
 Science. 
 
 Northampton — Infirmary. 
 
 Norwich — Norfolk Hospital. 
 
 Nottingham — General Hospital. 
 
 Sheffield, — School of Medicine. 
 
 Scotland. 
 
 Aberdeen — King's College and Univer- 
 sity ; Royal Infirmary. 
 
 Edinburgh — University ; Medical and 
 Surgical School, Surgeons 'Hall; Royal 
 Infirmary. 
 
 Glasgow — University; Andersonian Uni- 
 versity ; Royal Infirmary. 
 
 - Ireland. 
 
 Belfast — Queen's College ; General Hbs- 
 pital. 
 
 Cork — Queen's College ; Infirmary. 
 
 Dublin — The University; the Queen's 
 University, Trinity College; the Catho- 
 lic University ; Carmichael School of 
 Anatomy ; St. Vincent's Hospital ; 
 Mercer's Hospital ; Jervis Street Hos- 
 pital ; Royal College of Surgeons ; 
 Meath Hospital ; City Hospital ; Coon- 
 lie Lying-in Hospital ; Dr. Stevens's 
 Hospital ; Adelaide Hospital ; Mater 
 Misericordise' Hospital; Sir Patrick 
 Dun's Hospital, Ledwick School. 
 
 (ra/a/ay— Queen's College. 
 
 .Mirydorojc^^r-Queen's County Infirmary. 
 
SOCIETY OF APOTHECARIES. 
 
 ZI9 
 
 Society of Apothecaries, London. — Chartered 16 16. Com- 
 posed of Members who constitute the Incorporated Society of Apothe- 
 caries, and Licentiates who have obtained the License of the Society 
 to practise as Apothecaries. Every Candidate for a Certificate of Qua- 
 b'fication to practise as an Apothecary will be required to produce 
 Testimonials : i . Of having passed a Preliminary Examination in Arts. 
 
 2. Of .having served an Apprenticeship or Pupilage of not less than 
 Five Years to a Practitioner qualified by the Act of 1815. This period 
 niay include the time spent in attending Lectures and Hospital Practice. 
 
 3. Of having attained the full age of twenty-one years, of which satisfac- 
 tory evidence will be required. 4. Of good moral conduct. 5. Of having 
 pursued a Course of Medical Study, in conformity with the Rules of the 
 Court. All Students are required to produce evidence that they have 
 been Examined at the Class Examinations instituted by the various 
 Lecturers and Professors of their respective Medical Schools and 
 Colleges. All Medical Students presenting themselves for the Second 
 Examination must produce evidence of having served the office of 
 Clinical Clerk at a recognised Hospital during the period of six weeks 
 at least. 
 
 Prizes. — The Society of Apothecaries annually offer two Prizes for 
 proficiency in the knowledge of Botany, and also two Prizes for pro- 
 ficiency in the knowledge of Materia Medica and Pharmaceutical 
 Chemistry. The Prizes consist of Gold and Silver Medals, and Books. 
 
 The Society's Botanic Gardens, isituated at Chelsea, are open daily 
 (except Sundays). Tickets of admission may be had ^on application to 
 the Beadle's Office, Apothecaries' Hall, Blackfriars. 
 
 Course of Study.- — Every Candidate must attend the following 
 Lectures and Medical Practice ; each Winter Session to consist of not 
 less than six months, and to commence not sooner than, the ist nor 
 later than the 15th of October; and each Summer Session to extend 
 from the ist of May to the 31st of July. 
 
 /■,,;■ i Chemistry. 
 
 I WINTER I Anatomy and Physiology. 
 ( Dissections. 
 
 ! Botany. 
 Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 
 Practical Chemistry.* 
 
 (Anatomy and Physiology, including Dissections and Demon- 
 strations. 
 Principles and Practice of Medicine. 
 Clinical Medical Practice. 
 
 iMidwifeiy and Diseases ofWomen and Children.f 
 Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. 
 Clinical Medical Practice. 
 ■ Principles and Practice of Medicine. 
 Clinical Medical Lectures. 
 Morbid Anatomy. 
 , Clinical Medical Practice. 
 ( Practical Midwifery and Vaccination.t 
 \ Morbid Anatomy. 
 ( Clinical Medical Practice. 
 
 First 
 Year. 
 
 Session. 
 
 
 Second 
 Year. 
 
 Third 
 
 Year. 
 
 Summer 
 Session. 
 
 "Winter 
 Session. 
 
 Summer 
 Session. 
 
 Winter 
 Session. 
 
 Summer 
 Session. 
 
 * By Practical Chemistry is intended a specific course of instruction in the Labora- 
 toiy, -with an opportunity of Personal Manipulation in the Ordinary Processes of 
 Chemistry, and of acquiring a knowledge of the various Reagents for Poisons. 
 
 t A Certificate of attendance on not less than twenty cases will be received from a 
 legally-qualified Practitioner. 
 
220 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 No Certificates of Lectures, or of Anatomical Instructions delivered 
 in private to particular Students apart from the ordinary classes of 
 recognised public Medical Schools, can be received by the Court of 
 Examiners. AH Certificates must be given on a printed Schedule, and 
 signed by the respective Lecturers. Students will be supplied with 
 Schedules at the time of their first Registration : in London, at this 
 Hall ; and in the Provincial Towns, by the Registrars of the Medical 
 Schools. All Students are required personally to Register the several 
 Tickets of admission to Lectures and Medical Practice within the first 
 fifteen days of the months of October and May. 
 
 Professional Examinations. — The Court of Examiners meet in the 
 Hall every Thursday, where Candidates are required to attend at a 
 Quarter before Four o'clock. Every Candidate intending to offer 
 himself for Examination must give notice on or before the Monday 
 previous to the day of Examination, and must at the same time deposit 
 all the required Testimonials, with the Fee, at the Office of the Beadle, 
 where attendance is given every day, except Sunday, from Ten to 
 Four o'clock; Saturdays, Ten to Two. The Examination of Candi- 
 dates is divided into two parts, and is conducted partly in writing, and 
 partly viv& voce. 
 
 First Examination, which may be passed after the Second Winter 
 Session, embraces the following subjects : — Physicians' Prescriptions ; 
 Anatomy and Physiology; General and Practical Chemistry; Botany 
 and Materia Medica. 
 
 Second Examination, at the termination of the Medical Studies : — 
 Principles and Practice of Medicine ; Pathology and Therapeutics ; 
 Midwifery, including the diseases of Women and Children : Forensic 
 Medicine and Toxicology. 
 
 Testimonials for the First Examination. — i. Of having passed 
 an Examination in Arts, recognised by the Medical Council. 2. Of 
 having completed the Curriculum of Study to the close of the Second 
 Winter Session. 
 
 Second or Pass Examination. — i. A Certificate of having completed 
 Five Years' Apprenticeship (which may include the period spent at the 
 Hospital), of being Twenty-one Years of age, and of good Moral Con- 
 duct. 2. Of having passed the First Examination. 3. Of having com- 
 pleted the prescribed Curriculum of Study according to the Schedule, 
 including a personal attendance of Twenty Cases of Midwifery ; and of 
 having received instructions in Practical Vaccination. 
 
 Syllabus of Subjects for Examination, 1872. — I. The English Language. 
 The leading features of its History. Its Structure and Grammar. English Com- 
 position. 
 
 [The Books recommended for study in this subject are Adams's " Elements of the 
 English Language," and Trench's " English ; Past and Present." 
 
 II. The Latin Language. January Examination : Virgil ; .^Eneid, Books I. and II. 
 April Examination : Cicero ; Orat. pro Milone. September Examination : Horace, 
 Odes, Books III. and IV. Re-translation of easy sentences. Grammatical Questions 
 wUl be introduced into the Latin Paper, and each Candidate will be expected to give 
 satisfactory answers to these. 
 
 III. Mathematics. The Ordinary Rules of Arithmetic. Vulgar and Decimal 
 Fractions. Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division of Algebraical Quan- 
 tities. Simple Equations. The First Two Books of Euclid. 
 
 IV. (<z) Greek; Herodotus; Book I. Grammatical Questions. 
 
 (J) French : Moli6re ; Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme. Translation from English into 
 French. Grammatical Questions. 
 
PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY. 221 
 
 (e) German: Schiller's Poems; Der Tancher, and Der Gang nach dem Eisen- 
 hammer. Translation of short sentences from English into German. Grammatical 
 Questions. 
 
 {d) Natural Philosophy : Mechanics. Hydrostatics and Pneumatics. [The Book 
 recommended for study in this subject is Snowball's " Cambridge Course of Ele- 
 mentary Natural Philosophy."] 
 
 Apothecaries' Assistants. — The Examination of Candidates for 
 Certificates of Qualification to act as Assistant, in compounding and 
 dispensing medicines, will be as follows : — In translating Physicians' 
 Prescriptions ; in the British Pharmacopceia ; in Pharmacy and Materia 
 Medica. No rejected Candidate can be re-examined until the expiration 
 of six m6nths from his former Examination ; and no rejected Candidate 
 as an Assistant until the expiration of three months. 
 
 Fees. — For a Certiiicate of Qualification to practise, 6 guineas. (The half to be 
 paid at the first Examination.) For an Assistant's Certificate, 2 guineas. 
 
 Secretary, R. H. Robertson, Esq. 
 
 Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. — For the Exa- 
 mination and Registration of Pharmaceutical Chemists, Chemists and 
 Druggists, and Apprentices or Students, in accordance with the Phar- 
 macy Acts. Entrance to the Society is by Examination, and the Regula- 
 tions of the Board of Examiners indicate the means by which admission 
 may be obtained. All who present themselves for Examination are 
 alike submitted to the test of their qualification by the Examiners, with- 
 out reference to the way in which they have obtained their knowledge. 
 No prescribed Course of Study is required, but only the evidence of a 
 certain amount of acquaintance with subjects, the knowledge of which is 
 considered necessary as a qualification for the position to be taken. 
 Candidates are at liberty to acquire this knowledge in any way they think 
 proper, and those who come up to the required standard as tested by the 
 Examinations are passed and duly Registered. The instruction provided 
 by the Society, through Lectures and Laboratory course, is intended for 
 those who require such assistance, either as a means of preparing for the 
 Examinations, or for the extension of their professional qualifications. 
 It has been the study of the Council to make the School available for 
 the extension of Pharmaceutical Knowledge, but it may be safely affirmed 
 that, as regards the Examinations, those who have studied in the Society's 
 School have no further advantage than that derived from the knowledge 
 they possess. 
 
 Scholarships and Prizes. — Two Jacob Bell Memorial Scholarships 
 are open to competition annually. Candidates must be Associates, 
 Apprentices, or Students, on the Register of the Society. The Senior 
 Scholarship is open to Associates under twenty-four years of age who 
 have passed the Major Examination. The Junior Scholarship is open 
 to Associates, Apprentices, or Students under twenty-one years of age. 
 The Laboratory of the Pharmaceutical Society is the School in which 
 the holders of the Scholarships pursue their studies. Each Scholarship 
 is of the annual value of .^^30, and is tenable for one year. The pay- 
 ment is made in two moieties ; the first, when the Scholar enters upon his 
 studies in the School, and the second at the expiration of five months. 
 The Council usually grants free Laboratory instruction to the holders of 
 the Bell Scholarships, in addition to the endowment. It must not be 
 
222 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 supposed that Candidates for these Scholarships will be expected to pass 
 such an Examination as would entitle a Student to an Assistant's Cer- 
 tificate, although the subjects of Examination are nearly the same. A 
 Scholar is supposed to be commencing his studies, or at least to have 
 made only that progress which may be reasonably looked for during an 
 apprenticeship. The object of the Examination is to ascertain that the 
 Candidate has such an amount of ability, and affords evidence of having 
 made such use of it in the acquirement of elementary knowledge as will 
 justify the expectation of his proving a successful Student, who may do 
 credit to the appointment, and become a useful and accomplished 
 Member of the Pharmaceutical body. 
 
 There is a Pereira Medal, the Examination for which embraces 
 questions on Materia Medica, .Botany, and Chemistry, -and also other 
 Minor and Major Prizes. 
 
 Sessional Prizes and Certificates. — At the end of the Session a 
 Competitive Examination of the Students in each class is held, and the 
 Council awards Silver and Bronze Medals and Certificates of Honour to 
 the successful Candidates. An Examination in Practical Chemistry in 
 the Laboratory Class is also held, and a Medal and Certificates given. 
 Those Students who are present at the entire Course of Lectures receive 
 •Certificates of Attendance. Certificates are also given to those who 
 have attended not less than three months' course of instruction 'in the 
 Laboratory. 
 
 Examinations, Minor and Major, are held in London, on the third 
 Wednesday in each month (except August and September), and in May 
 on the fourth Wednesday. The First or Preliminary Examinations are 
 held on 'the first Mondays in January, April, July, and October. The 
 •Board of Examiners in Edinburgh meets as often as may be required. 
 
 First, or Preliminary Examination, for {Registration as Apprentices 
 or Students. The Examination is a written one, and comprises : — 
 
 Latin ; — Translation into English of a paragraph from the first book of Cassar (" De 
 Bello Gallico "), or a passage from each of the following works : — Pereita's " Selecta 
 ,e Prasscriptis," and the last edition (Latin) of the "London Pharmacopoeia." Latin 
 Grammar. English Grammar, Composition. The first four rules of Arithmetic, 
 Simple and Compound, Vulgar Fractions, and Decimals. The qilestions are set on 
 each occasion by the Board, who examine the answers. In the case of Candidates 
 residing in the country, and unable to attend at Bloomsbury Square, the Secretary 
 shall send the questions, under seal, to the person appointed to superintend the 
 writing of the answers, with instructions that they be opened by him in the presence 
 of the Candidates, who shall write the answers forthwith in his presence in a given 
 time ; the answers to be forwarded, under cover to the Secretary, by the following 
 ■.post, accompanied by the Superintendent's certificate to the effect that they have been 
 written in the time specified, under his supervision, and without assistance from 
 books or other sources. Certificates of having passed the Local Examinations of the 
 Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, or Durham ; the Examination of the College of 
 Preceptors ; or those of any legally-constituted Examining Body previously approved 
 by the Council, provided Latin and Arithmetic be included in the subjects, are 
 accepted in lieu of this Examination. The Council have appointed Local Secre- 
 taries. 
 
 Minor Examination, for Registration under the Pharmacy Act, as 
 Chemists and Druggists. Candidates for this Examination must have 
 passed the First or Preliminary Examination. 
 
 Prescriptions. — The Candidate is required to read, without abbreviation, autograph 
 prescriptions ; translate them into English ; and render a literal as well, as an appro- 
 priate translation of the directions for use. Practical Dispensing. — To weigh, 
 measure, and compound medicines ; write the ■ dhections in concise language in a 
 
PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY. 223 
 
 neat and distinct hand, correctly translate the prescription, and detect unusual doses ; 
 finally, to finish and properly direct each package. Pharmacy. — To reco^ise the 
 preparations of the Pharmacopceia which are not of a definite chemical nature, such 
 as extracts, tinctures, the simple and compound powders, &c. ; to describe the com- 
 position of such as are compound, and give the proportions of the active ingredients. 
 The Candidate is required to possess a practical knowledge of the Metrical System 
 of Weights and Measures. Materia Medica. — To recognise specimens of roots, 
 barks, leaves, fruits, resins, gums, animal substances, &c., used in 'medicine; give 
 the botanical and zoological names of the plants, &c., yielding them, and the 
 Natural Families to which they belong ; name the countries and sources from which 
 they are obtained, and the officinal preparations into which they enter, and judge the 
 quality and freedom from adulteration or otherwise of the specimens. Botany. — To 
 recognise the more important indigenous medicinal plants. To possess a general 
 knowledge of the elementary structure of plants, and the structure and distinctive 
 characters of roots, stems, leaves, and their parts. To name and describe the various 
 parts of the ■ flower. Chemistry. — To recognise the acids, oxides, salts, and other 
 definite chemical bodies of the Pharmacopoeia ; to describe the processes by which 
 they are produced, the composition of such as are compound, and explain the decom- 
 positions that dccur in their production and admixture, by written equations or 
 diagrams. The new notation (C = 12, O = 16, S = 32) is recognised by the Board 
 in this part of the Examination, but Candidates having an imperfect knowledge of 
 this system are not rejected if they possess a sufficient acquaintance with the old 
 notation. 
 
 Major Examination. — For Registration as Pharmaceutical Chemists, 
 under the Pharmacy Act. Those who have passed are exempt from 
 service on all Juries and Inquests. Candidates must have passed the 
 Minor Examination at least 1 three months previously. 
 
 Prescriptions and Posology. — The Candidate is required to render in good Latin, 
 prescriptions written in English, to detect errors, and to discover unusual doses. 
 Practical Dispensing. — The Candidate is expected to possess a knowledge of the 
 strength of the simple solutions used in medicine, and of the best excipients and 
 methods of manipulation, for'forming emulsions with oils, resins, balsams, and other 
 substances, and for giving afgood pilular condition to substances which are adminis- 
 tered in that form ; and to explain the clianges which sometimes occur in prescribed 
 medicines. Pharmacy. — To describe ' the process by which any , preparation of the 
 Pharmacopoeia, not having a definite chemical composition, is made ; to explain the 
 na,ture of maceration, percolation, sublimation, &c. ; and to be acquainted with 
 published improve'd Pharmaceutical processes. Materia Medica. — The Examination 
 extends to the qualities of Drugs, the means of estimating these qualities, and of dis- 
 tinguishing the genuine from spurious. It comprises a knowledge ot the active proximate 
 constituents of important drags, and of the methods of obtaining these in a separate 
 state and testing their purity. Botany. — This Examination comprises an intimate 
 acquaintance with the parts of the flower, fruit, and seed ; the fanctions of the different 
 organs of plants ; a knowledge of the general principles of classification, and of the 
 Linnsean and De CandoUe's systems; a written diagnosis of the following Natural 
 Orders : — Ranunculacese, Papaveracese, Crudferae, Malvaceae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae, 
 Cucurbitaceae, UnibelHferae, Compositae, Gentianaceae, Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, 
 Atropaceae, Labiatae, Scrophulariaceae, Polygonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Orchidaceas, 
 Iridacese, Liliaceae, Melanthaceae, Graminaceae ; and the reference to their respective 
 Orders of such specimens as may be shown to him. Chemistry. — The Examination 
 comprehends the laws of chemical combination, the nature and properties of the 
 chemical elements and their compounds, especially those used in medicine or applied 
 generally in the arts, explaining the different combinations and decompositions by 
 written equations and diagrams. The determination practically, by. means of tests, 
 of the constituents of salts, the detection of impurities in medicinal chemicals, and 
 the volumetric estimation of the strength of Pharmacopoeia preparations. The Can- 
 didate will be required to name the antidotes to be administered, in cases of emer- 
 gency, for the more ordinarily occurring poisons, and give a method for detecting the 
 presence of them after death in the different parts of the body. An elementary 
 knowledge of the properties of Light, Heat, Electricity, and Magnetism is also 
 required. The same rule as before respecting the new and old notations. 
 
 Modified Examination for Assistants under the Pharmacy Act, for 
 Registration as Chemists and Druggists. 
 
224 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Prescriptions. — Candidates are required to read Autograph Prescriptions, translate 
 them into English, render a correct translation of the Directions for Use, and detect 
 unusual doses. Practical Dispensing. — To "weigh,, measure, and compound Medi- 
 cines, write the directions in suitable language, finish, and properly direct each 
 package. MateriaMedica and Quality of Specimens. — To recognise the Pharmacopoeia 
 • Qhemicals in frequent demand, and specimens of roots, barks, leaves, fruits, resins, 
 and gums in ordinary use ; the following plants, either in a fresh or dried state, or 
 from plates : — Belladonna, Stramonium, Hyoscyamus, Conium, Aconitum, Digitahs, 
 and Sabina ; also to estimate the quahty of each specimen submitted, and its freedom 
 from adulteration. Pharmacy. — To recognise the preparations of the Pharmacopoeia 
 which are not of a definite chemical nature, such as extracts, tinctures, and powders, 
 and give the proportions of the more active ingredients. Candidates having passed 
 this Examination cannot become Pharmaceutical Chemists unless they also pass the 
 Preliminary, the Minor, and the Major Examination. 
 
 School of Pharmacy. — The Session commences on the ist October, 
 and extends to the end of July. Students may enter at any period. 
 Lectures are delivered three times weekly,- — on Monday, Tuesday, and 
 Wednesday mornings. 
 
 Laboratory. — For practical instruction in Chemistry, as applied to 
 Pharmacy, Manufactures, Analysis, and original research. The Course 
 of Instruction is arranged according to the requirements of the Pupil, 
 chiefly in reference to his previous knowledge and future pursuits. Each 
 Student works independently ; he can, therefore, commence a course of 
 study of any length at any date. All necessary materials (with the 
 exception of gold, silver, platinum, alcohol, ether, and chloroform) will 
 be provided for the regular course of instruction given. Each Student, 
 upon entering the Laboratory, is provided with a working-bench, fitted 
 with lock-up cupboards, &c., and is supplied with a set of apparatus, for 
 the safe-keeping and restoration of which at the expiration of his studies 
 he is held responsible. Some further apparatus is required, which the 
 Student must obtain at his own expense ; its value does not exceed 
 twenty-five shillings. Certain articles, such as Flasks, Retorts, Receivers, 
 and Condensers, are specially provided for those operations in which 
 they are required, but the Pupil is held responsible for them while in his 
 possession, and is expected to return them sound and properly cleansed. 
 The Laboratory is open from Half-past Nine in the morning until Five 
 in the Afternoon daily, except on Saturdays, when it is closed at Two 
 o'clock, throughout the Session. 
 
 EXAMINATION AND REGISTRATION FEES, AND SUBSCRIPTIONS 
 TO THE SOCIETY. 
 
 ■p Annual Subscriptions on becoming 
 
 connected with the Society. 
 
 First or Preliminary (Regis- '' >S'rto'^Krcte^^ 
 
 .^.^..Apprentices or Stu.^ 2 o ^^S^' f, ^^^^f ^/1t ° '° ^ 
 
 ^""^^ \ Society . . . . I 
 
 Minor (Registered as Chemists \ ^.jj^y ^^ application to the) 
 
 ^rA^ri¥"'\ 'a Vi'^ ^ Council, to be elected ^^fjo- 1 o 10 6 
 
 Modified (Registered as CA.- ciates of the Society . .{ 
 
 mists and Druggists) , . I I O J ■' ■' \ 
 
 i Eligible, on application to the \ 
 Council, to be elected Mem- [ 
 bers of the Society . . V I i o 
 Or a Life Member's Commu- ( 
 tation Fee of Twenty Guineas ) 
 
PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 225-. 
 
 Chemists and Druggists in business before the 31st July, 1868, and 
 registered as such, on being elected Members of the Society pay 
 an Entrance Fee of ;f 2 2 o 
 
 And Subscription for the current year . . ■ . . .110 
 
 LECTURE FEES. 
 
 £,1 3 
 
 Chemistry and Pharmacy . 
 Materia Medica and Botany 
 
 For Registered Apprentices or 
 Associates of tne Society. 
 
 Entire Course. 2*-,^J^ 
 
 . £1 10 ;fO 10 6 
 
 . lie o 10 6 
 
 LABORATORY FEES. 
 
 For those not Connected 
 with the Society. 
 Entire Course, ^'herpart 
 
 ;f2 2 O 
 
 2 2 
 
 separately. 
 
 £1 I O 
 
 I I O 
 
 Hours of Study. 
 
 One 
 
 Month. 
 
 Two 
 Months. 
 
 Three 
 Months. 
 
 Five 
 Months. 
 
 Ten 
 
 Months. 
 
 9.30 to 5.0 daily (Sat. 9.30 to 2.0) 
 9.30 to 5.0 on any three days weekly 
 9.30 to 5.0 on any two days weekly 
 Any three hours daily . 
 Any two hours daily 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 440 
 
 2 17 6 
 2 2 
 2 17 6 
 2 2 
 
 £ s. d. 
 7 7 
 4 17 6 
 
 3 10 
 
 4 17 6 
 3 10 
 
 £^. d. 
 
 10 10 
 6 16 6 
 4 17 6 
 6 16 6 
 4 17 6 
 
 £ S. d.1;^ S. d. 
 
 15 IS 026 5 
 10 10 017 17 
 
 7 7 0'l2 12 
 
 10 10 0^17 17 
 
 7 7 o|l2 12 
 
 HINTS, TO APPRENTICES AND STUDENTS. 
 
 While we have often directed attention to the advantages to be derived from 
 Lectures I and Laboratoiy instruction in a school of Chemistry or Pharmacy, we have 
 not bfe'eu unmindful of the fact, that a majority of those to whom our remarks were 
 addres'sed reside in localities where these facilities for improvement do not exist. 
 We therefore lay stress on the importance of scientific reading and experiment as 
 the groundwork of future qualification, and recommend those who are dependent on 
 their own resources during apprenticeship to make the best use of their time, and 
 arrange, if possible, for completing their studies at a future period in the Lecture- 
 room and Laboratory of a School of Pharmacy, or at all events in a locality where 
 lectures are accessible. Instances have occurred in which young men, without 
 any of these advantages, have qualified themselves, and passed the Examinations 
 of the Pharmaceutical Society with much credit. In whatever position a Student 
 may be placed, whether in a remote country town, or in an institution provided 
 with every means for education, a judicious selection of books and a methodical 
 course of study are of primary importance. Lectures, and even laboratory instruction, 
 may be attended with little or no benefit unless followed up by careful reading, and 
 books may be used in a desultory manner without making a permanent impression. 
 It should be the constant aim of the Student to store in his mind the facts and the 
 information which daily come under his notice, and habitually to make himself 
 acquainted with the details of a subject before leaving it to enter upon fresh ones. 
 
 The First or Preliminary Examination consists of Latin, English Grammar and 
 Composition, Snd Arithmetic ; and is best passed (in London or the Country) either 
 immediately before apprenticeship or soon afterwards. Regulations concerning this 
 and the other Examinations may be obtained by writing to the Secretary of the 
 Pharmaceutical Society, Bloorasbury Square, London. The Middle Class Examina- 
 tions of Oxford, Cambridge, or Durham, and the Examination of the College of 
 Preceptors, or of any legally-constituted Examining Body of the United Kingdom, 
 ^rcfvided Latin and Arithmetic be included as subjects, are accepted in lieu of this 
 Examination. 
 
 An Apprentice on commencing his term should, in the first place, endeavour to 
 apply his classical knowledge to the requirements of business ; and, for this purpose, 
 should read " Selecta a Praescriptis," which will make him familiar with the terms 
 usually employed in prescriptions. The " Pharmaceutical Latin Grammar " will also 
 be found extremely useful. School-books should not be altogether discarded, as he 
 will refresh memoiy by improving in knowledge of Virgil, Horace, or Ovid, as well 
 as the rules of arithmetic, especially decimal fractions. 
 
 Attention should next be directed to the elements of Chemistry, in the study of 
 which Attfield's " Chemistry " may be followed. In acquiring a knowledge of this 
 science experiments are invaluable, imparting practical as well as theoretical acquaint- 
 ance with the subject. Precipitation, solution, decomposition, and numerous other 
 
226 SON'S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 chemical changes frequently met with, cannot be so well understood by verbal descrip- 
 tion as by ocular demonstration. Tlie book just recommended will afford the necessary 
 instructions to enable a Student to perform many experiments and operations con- 
 nected with the practice of Chemistry, without the advice or assistance of a teacher. 
 A few test tubes, Florence flasks, gallipots, and wine-glasses, some pieces of glass 
 tubing, slips of window-glass, and a spirit-lamp or common gas-burner, are suificient 
 apparatus for illustrating those chemical reactions which should be first impressed 
 upon the mind. Expensive apparatus is not necessary. The chemicals required 
 are those ordinarily used in medicine. 
 
 The science of Chemistry underlies most of the operations of Pharmacy; an 
 extensive acquaintance with the subject is, therefore, of the utmost importance to the 
 Pharmacist. No single subject better promotes the general mental development of 
 Students. 
 
 Botany is another science which claims attention. So large a number of the 
 substances used in medicine are of vegetable origin, that it is expected and required 
 of the qualified Pharmacist that he should be acquainted with the general struc- 
 ture of plants, and with those characters which serve to distinguish the different 
 orders, genera, and species from each other. In the study of this subject, the 
 stppeal for illustration must be made to nature, and contiguity to green fields, sunny 
 banks, and shady lanes is therefore an advantage which, in countiy towns, ought 
 not to be neglected. "With Bentley's " Manual of Botany " and Lindley's " School 
 Botany," the Student who is situated in the most remote country district may lay the 
 foundation of a good botanical education. The study of this subject has advantages 
 beyond that which relates to the identification of medicinal plants. It necessitates 
 a close and discriminating observation of nature, which, being once acquired as a 
 habit, will be found greatly to facilitate the study of other branches of natural 
 science. The botanist, in his country rambles, sees something more than broad 
 meadows, and hedgerows and trees. The unbotanical observer, indeed, would admit 
 that grasses are not all alike, that a hawthorn is different from a filbert, and a,n oak 
 from a weeping willow ; but the botanist, not satisfied with this general notion of 
 differences, traces them to their several sources in the organs and members of each 
 individual plant. In the study and application of botany, it is necessary to define 
 the form, and structure, and function of the different parts of a plant, and minute 
 examinations and precise definitions are essential for this purpose. The Student, in 
 the course of his ramble, collects as many flowers, and leaves, and stems as appear 
 to differ from each other, and returning to his book, he will be able to give to each 
 of these its appropriate description. This accomplished, his future excm-sions will be 
 enlivened by the recognition of old acquaintances, and his searching eye will not fail 
 to discover new forms which stimulate him to further study. 
 
 Upon Chemistry and Botany, as the scientific groundwork, other branches of 
 knowledge, of a mixed and technical nature, have to be grafted. Thus Botany, 
 studied merely as a science, wiU not furnish the knowledge required by the Pharmacist 
 to enable him to trace the "history and estimate the chemical and general as well as 
 botanical characters and properties of many drugs of vegetable origin in the state in 
 which they are met with in commerce. This becomes a special study, which, in 
 reference to all the substances thus employed, is comprised under the head of Materia 
 Medica. In like manner. Chemistry, studied as a science, would not afford the 
 practical information required in many Pharmaceutical operations, ^ome of these 
 operations involve merely physical changes, and a large proportion of them have 
 exclusive reference to the preparation of medicinal substances. The mixed know- 
 ledge relating to these operations is comprised under the head of Practical Pharmacy. 
 The Student situated under the conditions we have assumed, in pursuing the study 
 of Materia Medica, will of course furnish himself with one of the several approved 
 works on the subject (Pereira's "Manual of Materia Medica," by Farre, Bentley, and 
 Warington; Royle's "Manual of Materia Medica;" or Garrod's "Essentials of 
 Materia Medica "). Let him now make a list of all the drugs (not their preparations) 
 ordered in the Pharmacopoeia, with any in addition which he can find in the shop. 
 Let him divide them into three groups, under the several heads of "Animal," 
 "Vegetable," and "Mineral," and let the members of each group be arranged in 
 alphabetical order, under their Latin names. He is expected to become acquainted 
 with the natural histoiy of all these substances. We may take the group of vegetable 
 substances with the view of indicating the sort of facts which he should collect, and 
 endeavour to fix in his memory. He will be expected to know the botanical names of 
 the plants yielding the drugs ; the natural orders to which they belong ; ,the parts of 
 the. plants which the drugs constitute ; the physical and chemical characters indicating 
 
ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL. 227 
 
 good or bad quality in them ; the countries or localities from which they are brought ; 
 their medicinal properties ; the active chemical principles upon which then- properties 
 depend; and the chemical processes by which the active principles are obtained in a 
 separate state. The mineral substances are treated from a more purely chemical point 
 of view. In collecting these facts from the sources of information at command, he 
 may find it advantageous to tabulate them in as brief a form as possible. In every 
 case, however, let a specimen of the drug be compared with the description of its 
 physical characters, so that these may be well impressed upon the mind. He wiU 
 thus collect a mass of information which, if properly applied, will prove permanently 
 useful. The writing out of the fects collected will tend to fix them in the memory 
 more than reading them over a dozen times. Their arrangement in a tabular form 
 will greatly facilitate subsequent reference. Materia Medica should be studied 
 subsequently to Chemistry and Botany, the sciences on which it is founded. 
 
 The study of Practical Pharmacy is that in which every Apprentice should be 
 engaged throughout the greater part of every day. It comprises the manipulations 
 and various details relating to the preparation, dispensing, and sale of medicines 
 Let it not be supposed that in this department there is no occasion for careful and 
 systematic training. There is a good and a bad way of doing everything, and in 
 Pharmacy the latter should be especially avoided. Cleanliness, neatness, diligent 
 attention to the work in hand, and quickness and expertness of manipulation, must 
 become habitual to the accomplished Pharmacist. A bad habit once acquired is with 
 difficulty eradicated. Let the Student, then, set early to work in the acquirement of 
 the best mode of performing all the operations, however apparently trivial, relating to 
 his art. 
 
 Toxicology. Dr. Christison and Dr. Taylor are the two chief authorities whose 
 works supply information on the whole subject, including the medical treatment in 
 cases of poisoning. The Pharmacist, however, is only concerned with the chemical 
 properties of poisons and their antidotes : this division of the subject wiU be found in 
 Professor Attfield's book. 
 
 From what has been stated, it will be seen that an Apprentice in a country tovni, 
 remote from any Scientific School, may make considerable progress in his education 
 by judiciously employing his leisure time. While thus engaged, he should not, on 
 any account, neglect the less attractive but equally necessary details of the business. 
 The drudgery of the shop is frequently alluded to by young men as a hardship, and it 
 is so when it is the sole occupation. At the same time, it would be the height of 
 folly, in the pursuit of the scientific portion of a Pharmaceutical education, to neglect 
 the substantial advantages derivable from active habits of business in a commercial 
 pursuit. A young man, who had received his education in a School of Pharmacy, 
 without any practical experience in the routine of a shop, would be unqualified to con- 
 duct a business, and not likely to succeed if he were to make the attempt. The 
 judicious combination of the profession with the trade is the great object to be 
 attained ; for while it is of the highest importance that those who dispense medicines 
 should be duly qualified as Chemists, it is equally necessary to sustain their commercial 
 character as Druggists. — ydurnal of the Pharmaceutical Society. 
 
 Secretary, Elias Bremridge, 17, Bloomshury Square, London. 
 
 St. Bartholomew's Hospital and College. — Founded 
 1 1 23 by Rahere, Minstrel of Henry I., in connection with his founda- 
 tion of the Church and Priory of St. Bartholomew. At the suppression 
 of monasteries in 1537 the Priory and Hospital, and their revenues, 
 came into the possession of Henry VIII., who, in 1544, at the petition 
 of Sir Richard Gresham, Lord Mayor of London, and father of Sir 
 Thomas Gresham, refounded the Hospital by Royal Charter, and 
 endowed it with the greater portion of its former revenues ; being 
 " moved thereto with great pity for and towards the relief and succour 
 and help of the poor, aged, sick, low, and impotent people .... lying 
 and going about begging in the common streets of the city of London 
 and the suburbs of the same," and "infected with divers great and 
 horrible sicknesses and diseases." At the granting of the Charter the 
 Hospital contained 100 beds, and its Medical Staff consisted of a 
 
22? - SOJ^S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Physician and three Surgeons ; the latter attending daily upon all tB^ 
 patients, and consulting with the Physician in cases requiring medical 
 advice. From this its second foundation, St. Bartholomew's Hospital 
 has increased in three hundred years to more than six times its original 
 extent ; and the opportunities which, as it increased, it afforded for the 
 study of disease, did not escape the learned and benevolent men who' 
 attended on the sick within its walls. They taught while they healed, 
 delivering lectures on the most important subjects of medical and 
 surgical science and practice. 
 
 Museums, Library, and Reading Rooms.— The Anatomical Museum 
 contains carefully-selected specimens of Human, Comparative, and 
 Pathological Anatomy, arranged in seventy-three Series, and also 
 numerous Models, Casts, Diagrams, and Drawings. The Drawings in 
 oil and in water-colours, showing ail ,the chief morbid changes, have been 
 arranged in cases, so that they may be conveniently studied in illustra- 
 tion of the Lectures on Pathology and of the Demonstrations of Morbid 
 Anatomy. The Anatomical Museum, and the Museums of Materia 
 Medica and of Botany, are open daily' to the Students of the several 
 Classes. The Library contains all the Standard Works of Medical, 
 Surgical, and the allied Sciences, with duplicate copies of books in 
 most general use, the chief Medical and other periodicals, and a valuable 
 collection of works on Religion, History, and General Literature. The 
 Reading Room is devoted exclusively to the purpose of study. It is 
 open for the use of Students every day. Each- Subscriber is allowed to 
 retain in his possession Tliree Volumes at a time. Further information 
 may be obtained by appUcation to the Librarian, who attends daily in 
 the Reading Room. Subscription to the Library — For One Year, One 
 Guinea ; for Four Years, Two Guineas. 
 
 Exhibitions and Scholarships. — Jeaffreson Exhibition, founded 
 1868. The subjects of Examination are those of Preliminar}' Educa- 
 tion appointed by the General Council of Medical Education and 
 Registration. This Exhibition, of the value of ;^2o yearly, is tenable 
 for tvsro years ;' the tenure during the second year being conditional 
 on the Exhibitioner continuing his studies at St. Bartholomew's 
 Hospital, and obtaining satisfactory testimonials of good conduct. 
 The Examination is confined to Students of the Hospital of less than 
 six months' standing. Seven Scholarships are now awarded annually. 
 Senior Scholarship, of the value of ^£50. Subjects of Examination : 
 Medicine, Surgery, and ' Midwifery or Materia Medica. A Scholarship 
 of the value of ;£2 5 will be awarded to the Student who is placed second 
 in this Examination. Senior Scholarship, of the value of ;!^5o. Sub^ 
 jects of Examination : Anatomy, Physiology, and Botany or Chemistry. 
 A Scholarship of the value of £,2tj will be awarded to the Student who 
 is placed second in this Examination. A Junior Scholarship of the 
 value of ;^So will be awarded after the General Examinations at the 
 end of the Summer and Winter Sessions. A Scholarship of the value 
 of ;£'3o will be awarded to the Student who is placed second in this 
 Examination, A Scholarship of the value of ;^2o will be awarded to 
 the Student who is placed third in this Examination. 
 
 Candidates for the Senior Scholarships must be Students who have 
 been studying in this Hospital and School for not less than Twelve 
 Months, nor more than Three Years^-who are not of sufficient standing 
 
ST. SARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL. 229 
 
 to obtain any English Diploma qualifying for Practice — who have 
 entered to the Medical and Surgical Practice of the Hospital — who 
 have attended, for at least One Session, the Course or Courses of 
 Lectures delivered in this College, on the subjects of Examination for 
 the Scholarship to be competed for — and -who can produce a Testi- 
 monial, signed by at least three Medical Officers or Lecturers, that they 
 have conducted themselves with propriety during their attendance 
 in the School. No Student holding one of the Senior Scholarships is 
 eligible to another. 
 
 Students elected to the Senior Scholarships will be required to 
 continue their Studies at this Hospital during the whole period in 
 which they hold the Scholarship, and to reside in the College, unless 
 with leave given by the Scholarship Committee to reside elsewhere. 
 Candidates for the Junior Scholarships must be Students, not previously 
 entered at any other Medical School, who have been studying in this 
 Hospital for a less period than twelve months. The names of those 
 Candidates who do not obtain Scholarships, but who show superior 
 knowledge of the subjects of Examination, will be placed in the order 
 of merit. The Examinations will be conducted by the Medical Officers 
 and Lecturers. The Examination in each subject will take place on a 
 separate day. 
 
 Foundation and other Prizes. — ^The Wix Prize, founded 1842, 
 awarded for the best Essay on "The Connection between Re- 
 vealed Religion and Medical Science." Hichens Prize: Subject of 
 Examination : Bishop Butler's Analogy. Bentley Prize : for the best 
 Report of Surgical Cases occurring in the Wards of the Hospital during 
 the previous year. It is expected that the Reports will comprise the 
 Histories, Progress, Treatment, and Results of not less than Twelve 
 Cases', with observations thereupon. Foster Prize : Practical Anatomy 
 — Senior. Treasurer's Prize: Practical Anatomy — Junior. TheKirkes 
 Gold Medal, founded 1865. Subject of Examination; Clinical Medi- 
 cine. Candidates for the Wix and Hichens Prizes must be Students of 
 not less than one nor more than three years' standing in the School, 
 who have not received any License or Diploma qualifying them for 
 practice. Essays for the Wix Prize must be presented to the Hospitaller, 
 the Rev. T. S. Polehampton, on or before the ist March, 1872. Can- 
 didates for the Bentley Prize must be Students of the Hospital whose 
 education is not completed, or whose Degree, Diploma, or License, 
 qualifying for practice in Medicine or Surgery, is dated within the 
 twelve months preceding the time when the Essays are presented for 
 adjudication. Reports for this Prize must be presented to one of the 
 Surgeons of the Hospital on or before the 30th of March, 1872. Can- 
 didates for the Kirkes Medal must be Students who have spent not less 
 than two and not more than four years in the School. 
 
 Pupils' Appointments. — House-Physicians and House-Surgeons ; 
 Midwifery Assistants ; Ophthalmic H ouse-Surgeon ; Dressers and Clinical 
 Clerks, are appointed from among the Students. 
 
 The Course of Instruction embraces a full Medical and Surgical 
 Curriculum, theoretical and practical. The Hospital receives nearly 
 6,000 In-patients annually, and its Out-patients amount to more than 
 120,000 annually. It contains 676 beds, of which 429 are allotted to 
 surgical, including ophthalmic, orthopsedic, aural, and syphilitic cases, 
 
230 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 and 247 to medical cases and diseases of women and children. About 
 900 midwifery cases are attended annually. There is a Special Class in 
 the subjects required for the Preliminary Scientific Examination of the 
 University of London. And there are Special Departments for Mid- 
 wifery and Diseases of Women ; Diseases of the Ear ;, the Eye ; and the 
 Skin ; also for Orthopaedic Surgery, and for Instruction in Dentistry. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS TO STUDENTS ABOUT TO ENTER THE 
 MEDICAL PROFESSION. 
 
 The following Instructions are for persons who contemplate entering the Medical 
 Profession, but are ignorant of the preliminary measures necessary thereto. All 
 Students, except those who commenced their studies before October i, 1861, must 
 pass a Preliminary Examination in Arts. For particulars of the Examinations, 
 Certificates, &c., see Royal College of Surgeons, Section I. There will be 
 two Classes held at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in each year, for the convenience of 
 gentlemen who are preparing for the Matriculation Examination at the University of 
 London — from October to January, and from March to June. 
 
 Supposing a Student not to possess a Certificate of having passed either of the 
 recognised Examinations named in Section I., it will be necessary for him to pass 
 the Preliminary Examination of the Royal College of Surgeons (Part I. Compulsory 
 Subjects), or the Examination of the Apothecaries' Hall ; or the University of 
 London. (Refer to these Examinations, under the respective Institutions.) 
 
 After passing one or other of the foregoing Examinations, a Student may (a) at 
 once enter a Hospital Medical School ; or (5) he may first pass a certain time with 
 advantage (not more, as a rule, than from one to two years) at a Provincial Hospital 
 to which no Medical School is attached, or {c) as the Pupil of a legally-qualified 
 Medical Practitioner, who, holding one or more public appointments, can afford him 
 "such opportunities of practical instruction as shall be satisfactory" to the various 
 Examining Boards. 
 
 It is,_under certain circumstances, a good plan for a Student to begin his pupilage 
 in one of the two last-named methods, iefore passing the Preliminary Examination ; 
 but he should always pass the latter at the earliest possible, period after commencing 
 such pupilage, inasmuch as the pupilage will not be recognised by the Examining 
 Boards as commencing until after the date at which the Preliminary Examination is 
 passed. 
 
 It may be asked, " Supposing a free choice, which is the best Preliminary Examina- 
 tion in Arts to be passed ? " And the answer may be made, that with average 
 ability and advantages for work, and in the absence of a Degree of one of the older 
 Universities, the London University Matriculation is the Preliminary Examination to 
 be chosen, chiefly because a Student is enabled to present himself afterwards for the 
 Degrees conferred by that University, should he be desirous of doing so. 
 
 Under certain circumstances, say absence of opportunities for the necessary work, 
 it may be best for a Student to present himself, in the first place, for one of the com- 
 pulsory Prehminary Examinations, more easily passed than that for Matriculation at 
 the University of London, in order that his pupilage may begin to be recognised ; and 
 it may be well for him subsequently to pass the latter Examination, for the reason 
 just given. The Examination, however, should be passed, if possible, before entrance 
 at a Hospital Medical School. 
 
 After the Preliminary Examination in Arts has been passed, a Student should 
 register at the Medical Council, 32, Soho Square, London, according to the 
 Regulations, to be obtained from the Registrar ; and on the occasion of his com- 
 mencing the study of the Profession in one or other of the methods (J or c) mentioned, 
 he should register at the Royal College of Surgeons, in accordance with the 
 following regulation : — The commencement of professional study, otherwise than by 
 attendance on Lectures in recognised Medical Schools, or by attendance on the 
 Practice of recognised Hospitals, will not be admitted until a Certificate thereof shall 
 be furnished to the Secretary, for registi-ation at the College, by the Practitioner 
 whose Pupil the Candidate shall have become, or by the Medical Superintendent of 
 the Hospital or other Institution to the practice of which he shall have entered ; and 
 will, consequently, date only from the reception of such Certificate by the Secretary, 
 the Certificate to be accompanied by proof of having passed the necessary Preliminary 
 Examination in General Knowledge. 
 
ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL. 231 
 
 With reference to Professional studies, after passing a Preliminary Examination, 
 but previous to entrance at a Hospital Medical School, it should be remembered that 
 only eighteen months of such studies are recognised by the College of Physicians for 
 its License, and the College of Surgeons for its Membership — it being necessary that 
 at least two years and a half oi the requisite four years of professional study should 
 be passed at a Hospital Medical School ; while, of course, the whole of the four 
 years of compulsory professional study may be so passed, if the Student desire it. 
 
 After passing the necessary Preliminary -Examination, and commencing his 
 pupilage, a Student will be able, without much difficulty, to discover what Certificates 
 he will require before he presents himself for his Professional Examinations, and 
 obtains his Diplomas. In any doubt, however, concerning the Regulations of either 
 of the Metropolitan Examining Boards, he is recommended to apply to the Registrar, 
 or to the Secretary, of the Institution respecting which he may entertain any doubt. 
 
 THE COLLEGE.— Students attending the Practice of the Hospital, 
 or the Lectures in the Medical School, will be admitted to residence in 
 the College on the recommendation of a Medical Officer of the Hos- 
 pital. Students commencing their attendance at the Hospital or 
 College may obtain such recommendation on adducing satisfactory 
 evidence of good moral character. Each Student shall pay an Entrance 
 Fee of Two Guineas, and Subscribe his readiness to submit to all the 
 Regulations of the College and of -the Hospital. Resident Students 
 are expected to dine in the Hall every day. Non-resident Students 
 may dine in the Hall if they give notice of their intention before eleven 
 o'clock in the morning. The Terms are three in each year; namely, 
 one extending from the commencement of the Winter Session in 
 October to the commencement of the Christmas Vacation ; another 
 from the conclusion of the same Vacation to the conclusion of the 
 Winter Session at the end of March ; and the third from the com- 
 mencement of the Summer Session in May to the conclusion of the 
 same in July. 
 
 For the ternis of Board and Residence, and all other information 
 regarding the College, application should be made, either personally or 
 by letter, to the Warden. 
 
 Fees. — For attendance on Lectures and Hospital Practice, 105 Guineas, payable 
 in the following instalments : First "Winter, 35 Guineas ; First Summer, 35 Guineas ; 
 Second Winter, 35 Guineas ; or a single payment of 100 Guineas. Payment in 
 either of these ways entitles the Student to a Perpetual Ticlcet. For General Subjects 
 for Students of Dental Surgery : First Winter, £2(1 5s. ; First Summer, £2(1 5s. ; 01 
 a single payment of ;^52 10s. Medical Practice, Six Months, 12 Guineas; Two 
 Years, 18 Guineas; Unlimited, 25Guineas. Surgical Practice, Six Months, i5Guiueas; 
 Twelve Months, 20 Guineas ; Unlimited, 25 Guineas. House-Physicianships and 
 House-Surgeoncies, Twelve Months, 25 Guineas. The Fee is only nominal, 
 however, as to each is attached a Salary of £2^. Dresserships, Three Months, 
 12 Guineas; Six Months, 18 Guineas; Twelve Months, 25 Guineas. Students can 
 also enter for Single Courses of Lectures, or for the Medical or Surgical Practice of 
 the Hospital. Students having entered for any period to the Hospital Practice or 
 Lectures may prolong their attendance on paying the difference between their first 
 Entrance Fee and that for any longer period. 
 
 Warden, Morrant Baker, Esq. 
 
 St. Thomas's Hospital Medical and Surgical College, 
 
 Albert Embankment, Westminster Bridge, London. Dean, Dr. 
 Barnes. The Medical School of St. Thomas's Hospital was the first in 
 London to offer Prizes for Examinations in Classics and Mathematics, 
 Modern Languages and Natural Philosophy. But in consequence of all 
 the licensing bodies having required Students to undergo Literary and 
 Scientific Examinations before commencing their Medical Studies, it is no 
 
232 SO^^S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 longer necessary tliat such Examinations should be held in any Medical 
 School. Gentlemen about -to commence their Professional Studies are, 
 therefore, requested to observe that until they have passed the Preliminary 
 Examination required by the Regulations of the General Medical Council, 
 they are not permitted to enter their names on the Registers of any of 
 the Examining Bodies. 
 
 SESSIG^FAL Courses of Lectures.- — XVinter — Principles and Practice 
 of Medicine ; Surgery ; Descriptive and Surgical Anatomy ; Practical 
 Anatomy; Physiology and General Anatomy ; Microscopical Anatomy ; 
 Chemistry, Inorganic and Organic ; Pathology ; Pathological Chemistry ; 
 Morbid Anatomy. Summer — Materia Medica and Therapeutics ; 
 Botany; Midwifery, and the Diseases of Women and Children ; Practical 
 Chemistry ; Forensic Medicine ; Comparative Anatomy ; Ophthalmic 
 Surgery ; and Mental Diseases. 
 
 Hospital Practice. — St. Thomas's Hospital now contains 600 beds ; 
 nearly 2,000 Patients have, been admitted annually at the temporary 
 Hospital, and upwards of 1,500 Out-patients and casualties are relieved 
 every week. 
 
 Clinical Lectures.— In addition to the Clinical Instruction given 
 by the Medical and Surgical Officers during their visits, two or more 
 Clinical Lectures are given in each week. 
 
 Honours and Prizes.— In the first and second years of a Student's 
 Curriculum, Examinations are held in March and July on the subjects 
 taught during the Winter and Summer Sessions respectively. The 
 William Tite Scholarship, founded by Sir W. Tite, M.P., F.R.S., and 
 consisting of the interest arising from ;£i,ooo Consols, is awarded every 
 third year. It is given to the Student who proves, on Examination in 
 the first year's professional subjects, to be the most meritorious ; and is 
 tenable for three years, provided the gainer of it be well conducted and 
 continue in actual attendance as a Pupil of the School. In case of 
 equality between Students, preference is to be given to a son of a 
 Medical man, more particularly of one who has been educated at St. 
 Thomas's Hospital, or is in practice at Bath. To First Year's Student's, 
 at the end of the Summer Session, the following Prizes are awarded : — 
 
 1. A College Prize of ;^3o ; 2. A College Prize of ;^2o ; 3._A College 
 Prize of ;£io. Second Year's Students : — i. A College Prize of ^^30 ; 
 
 2. A College Prize of ;^2o ; 3. A College Prize of ;^io. Third Year's 
 Students : — i. A College Prize of j[^t,o ; 2. A College Prize of ;Q2o ; 
 
 3. A College Prize of ^10. Clinical Clerks and Dressers who distin- 
 guish themselves by diligence and accuracy of reporting receive Certifi- 
 cates of Honour. The Dressers, during their period of attendance in 
 the Hospital, are provided with Rooms and Commons free of expense. 
 The Cheselden Medal, founded by George Vaughan, Esq., is annually 
 awarded to the Student who most distinguishes himself in a practical 
 Examination in Surgery and Surgical Anatomy. The Treasurer's Gold 
 Medal, for General Proficiency and Good Conduct, is awarded to the 
 Student who has passed through his pupilage in the most meritorious 
 manner. The Grainger Testimonial Prize, of the value of jQio, is 
 awarded biennially to third or fourth year's Students, for the best Physio- 
 logical Essay, to be illustrated by preparations and dissections. 
 
 Two House Surgeons and a Resident Accoucheur are selected, ac- 
 cording to merit from gentlemen who have obtained their Professional 
 
ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL. iH 
 
 ' Diplomas ; the former hold office for six or twelve months ; the latter for" 
 three or six. All are provided with Rooms and Commons. 
 
 Two Hospital Registrars, at an annual Salary of ;£4o each, or one at 
 ._;^8o. Preference will be given to gentlemen who have been distin- 
 guished for merit, and have completed their studies in the School. 
 
 Fees. — The Admission Fee to Hospital Practice and all the Lectures iS;^40for 
 the first year, a similar sum for the second, and j^io for each succeeding year ; or 
 ;^I05 at one payment, for unlimited attendance. Special entries may be made to any 
 Course of Lectures, at Fees varying from 3 gs. to 5 gs;, or to the Hospital Pi-actice. 
 
 For attendance on the Medical or Surgical Practice : — 
 
 Either Medical or Surgical. 
 
 Three months 5 gs. 
 
 Six ditto ...... 9 gs. 
 
 Nine ditto 12 gs. 
 
 Twelve or Fifteen ditto . . . . 15 gs. 
 
 Perpetual 2$ gs. 
 
 Combined in one Payment. 
 
 Three months 8 gs. 
 
 Six ditto 13 gs. 
 
 Nine ditto 18 gs. 
 
 Twelve or Fifteen ditto ... 30 gs. 
 
 Perpetual 45 gs. 
 
 A limited number of Students can reside with some of the Officers 
 of the Hospital. 
 
 ADDRESS TO MEDICAL STUDENTS, 
 By Dr. Henry Jervis, St. Thomas's Hospital. 
 
 To those who, for the first time, to-day enter the lists as Students of Medicine, 
 and to whom this introductory lecture is, in truth, their introduction to the sys- 
 tematic study of the profession they have chosen, I beg to offer, in the name of 
 your future teachers, of your associates in work, and of the authorities of this great 
 institution, a cordial and friendly welcome. You, gentlemen, commence your career 
 to-day inspired, I doubt not, with earnest intentions as to work, and with high hopes 
 as to success. Humanly speaking, upon the persistent earnestness of your intentions 
 depends the fruition of your hopes. An altogether complete success, indeed, in the 
 -ordinary meaning of the word, commencing with a distinguished career when a 
 student, and crowned in after-life by an ever-widening circle of reputation and 
 practice, is the lot, comparatively speaking, of but few. Such conspicuous success 
 requires for its attainment not merely a persevering industry, which all m^y possess, 
 but a combination with it of a natural ability, which is a rarer endowment ; and 
 sometimes even the greatest ability, aided by the steadiest industry, will fail to secuie 
 it unless associated with certain graces of character and certain advantages of circum- 
 stance. But if all cannot reach this exceptional distinction, I would venture to remind 
 you that success may be likened to a ladder of many steps, to the highest of which, 
 though every one cannot mount, there is none here but may make some progress- in 
 the ascent. And, looked at from another point of view, we may add that success is a 
 question of kind as well as of degree, and that our profession affords many illustrations 
 of its varieties as well as of its grades. I would call, for example, that practitioner 
 successful, although his name may be unfamiliar to the habitues of our London 
 societies, and his fortune appear small in the eyes of the magnates of commerce, who, 
 it may be, in some rustic village or quiet country town pursues his profession through 
 many patient years, winning the entire confidence and affection of rich and poor, 
 and esteemed by rich and poor alike as their best and most trusted adviser, at once 
 their guide, philosopher, and friend. Such a life appears to me to contain in it much 
 of true happiness as well as of real success. And so, from other and very diverse 
 professional paths, I might draw other illustrations of a success apart from the rearing, 
 of a fortune or the acquisition of social distinction. I might remind you of some 
 with whom scientific investigation has been the occupation of their life, and whose 
 success — a far higher one, indeed, than mere pecuniary gam — consists in the warm 
 attachment and ever-growing admiration of pupils and friends, in the interest of their 
 work, and the recognition by all of its lasting importance. I might speak to you of 
 army and navy surgeons who have had to brave the perils of tropical climate and 
 distant travel, and sometimes of siege, and battle-field, and shipwreck, while their 
 success has consisted in the happy consciousness of duty well performed amidst 
 danger, in the devotion of their men, and now and again, though, alas ! too rarely, in 
 the gratitude and applause of their country. But the lesson I would draw from aU 
 
■234 . SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 is the same—that, although in a large proportion of the posts occupied by us as a 
 profession, the amount of gold to be won may be often scanty, and the distinction 
 attained be very inadequate to the toil, in no profession are there more varied and 
 frequent opportunities of winning golden opinions, and of doing work whose rich 
 reward is the approbation of conscience and the benediction of heaven. To attain, 
 then, some degree or kind of success, without measining it only by wealth or renown, 
 is, I trust, the aspiration and intent of all entering students to-day. But as no kind 
 or degree of success at all can be reached without much and persistent effort on your 
 part, it is now my pleasant duty to give you, at starting; such encouragement and aid 
 as I am able, and to counsel you how best to utUise and sustain your energy and 
 zeal. 
 
 It is customary to speak of the theory and practice of medicine, of its science and 
 art ; and the terms equally Suffice to denote the two great divisions of medical 
 education; and sometimes I fear it happens that one division is cultivated at the 
 expense, if not indeed to the neglect, of the other. Some men leave the hospital 
 admirably read in the minutiK of anatomy, and well versed in the latest speculations 
 on abstruse physiological problems, but sadly unfamiliar with the bedside diagnosis 
 of disease and the needful procedure in the emergencies of surgery ; and others apt 
 at putting up a fracture or dressing a wound, and knowing, perhaps, something 
 practically of diseases and their treatment, feel equally uncertain when spoken with 
 on such questions as diathesis and pathological change, while botany and zoology 
 are unknown lands indeed. How best in the course of your education to avoid either 
 error, the cultivation of theory without practice, or practice without theory, will, I 
 ti'ust, appear in the course of these remarks. From St. Thomas's Hospital, at all 
 events, I may venture to say, if you leave equipped with but one-sided knowledge, 
 the fault will be all your own. Let me call your attention for a minute to the 
 prospectus. After a preliminary statement with respect to certain financial matters, 
 which somehow in this world always do appear to claim a primary position, the 
 prospectus goes on to declare that " all students have the opportunity afforded them 
 of being engaged in the performance of practical duties in connection with the 
 various departments of the Hospital." And I may add that this statement was placed 
 in its leading position to indicate the importance your teachers attached to the fact it 
 announced. Permit me, therefore, to give you some idea of the rich provision that 
 awaits you for the perfecting of your practical education. 
 
 After your first winter session is over, and when you are supposed, by six months' 
 observation and general training, to have acquired some knowledge of medicine and 
 habits of attention, you are associated, as clinical clerks, with the physicians, and 
 have, during a twelvemonth, abundant opportunities of becoming clinically acquainted 
 with the diagnosis and treatment of all forms of disease. Then, for a subsequent 
 twelvemonth, as dressers to the surgeons, you have the opportunity of becoming 
 conversant with surgery. 
 
 But not only do the wards of the Hospital furnish you with opportunities of 
 practice, but ths out-patient departments are so organised as to provide a large field 
 for your practical work. I believe, indeed, the out-patient departments to be invalu- 
 able as supplements to the in-patient practice, and of the greatest use in the com- 
 pletion of your education. In the wards of the Hospital you are brought into contact 
 with cases of gravity and seriousness — cases in which constantly all the knowledge 
 and energies of the physician and surgeon are requisite to do battle against the 
 approach of death. In the out-patient department, on the other hand, you meet with 
 illustrations of the thousand and one less important ills to which flesh is heir, illustra- 
 tions which in after life you meet with again and again, and which, in fact, make up 
 the chief bulk of your practice. 
 
 Then, lastly, there are what are termed the special departments of obstetrics, 
 cutaneous diseases, and ophthalmology, and in all the practical opportunities offered 
 you of gaining knowledge are unsurpassed by any sister hospital. 
 
 In the obstetrical department the organisation for its working is such that every 
 student, at the time most convenient to himself, is enabled to attend his cases without 
 irregular inteiTuption to his studies, and with the advantage of residence within the 
 Hospital precincts. And as in the general out-patient and the obstetrical, so in the 
 other special departments of the Hospital, not merely have you large opportunities of 
 seeing the practice of your teachers, but of holding appointments which enable you 
 to attend to cases and to work at subjects for yourselves. One other circumstance I 
 should mention before I leave this enumeration of your practical advantages, and that 
 is, that a year or two ago Mr. Croft organised a class for the purpose of affording per- 
 
ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL. 235 
 
 sonal instruction in the best method of using surgical appliances ; so that now no one 
 need enter upon his ward or out-patient surgical duties without being conversant with 
 the manner of best applying a splint or a bandage, details whose importance you may 
 not fully recognise until upon yom: own shoulders are resting the responsibilities of 
 practice. 
 
 Such being the provision awaiting you, I think you will allow that every oppor- 
 tunity is afforded you here of becoming practically acquainted with your professional 
 work. I have heard it sometimes said or suggested that the way in which you spend 
 your first six months is of slight importance ; but in my own experience, those who 
 have acted upon this suggestion have afterwards much regretted it. Indeed, during 
 these first six months, being free from ward work, you have invaluable time for laying 
 well and surely the foundation on which the subsequent superstructure of your educa- 
 tion is to be built. You have to attend but three courses of lectures, but these are on 
 subjects of primary importance, and the greatest interest — anatomy, physiology, and 
 chemistry'; and in the case of anatomy and chemistiy the lecture is supplemented by 
 the demonstrations of the dissecting-room and the practical work of the laboratory. 
 And in subsequent sessions you will find that, owing to the exigencies of the various 
 departments of practice, no such favoflfrable opportunities for undisturbed work in 
 these subjects occur to you again. I would press lipon you, therefore, the impor- 
 tance of making no delay in commencing the enterprise to which you have put 
 your hand, but of considering tliat from to-day the serious work of your hospital 
 education begins. . 
 
 I need not enlarge upon the importance to every practitioner of a full knowledge 
 of anatomy. You all know that without such knowledge you can hardly take a safe 
 step in the practice of your profession, and that upon it every surgical procedure is 
 based. But for the encouragement of some who may feel dismayed at the extent and 
 apparent difficulty of the study, I would remark that it is a study in which industry 
 particularly tells. The acquisition of anatomical knowledge depends largely, it is 
 true, upon the exercise of memory, but your memory is greatly helped by the nature 
 of the study, and given industry and an average ability, and you can scarcely fail. 
 For the efforts of your memory are not directed towards cataloguing in the brain a 
 number of abstract truths, but of mutually-related facts, and they are helped, more- 
 over, most effectively by the sense of sight and of touch. The story in the book is 
 reproduced in the picture on the table, and the picture on the table is one of which 
 you have been the draftsman, and the grouping of ruddy muscles and glistening 
 ligaments with their delicate fringe of nei-ves and network of vessels has been the 
 fiTiit of your patient scalpel. And this picture which you have produced, and which 
 has grown and developed under your eye, gets in the process so impressed upon your 
 brain as to prove an invaluable ally to your memory. 
 
 From this reference to the lectures which claim your attention during your first 
 ses; ion, I pass on to say a few words on lectures generally. It has been somewhat 
 the fashion of late to depreciate the importance of attendance upon lectures. From 
 this my own recollections of student life lead me to disagree. I still remember the 
 very forms of expression which characterised the lectures of our various teachers ; nay, 
 the veiy sound of their voices still lingers in my ear. The power of the lecturer is 
 akin to that of the speaker and preacher, and as to listen to a Disraeli or a Bright in 
 the House of Commons, or to a Liddon or a Guthrie in the pulpit, is a much higher 
 treat and far more impressive than to read their speeches or sermons in print, so 
 do I think that a lecture listened to is far more impressive than the same lecture 
 read. 
 
 While, therefore, you will gather that during your first session I urge on you 
 close attention to your lectures, and to spend a large proportion of your available time ' 
 in the investigations of the dissecting-room and laboratoiy, I am yet far from wishing 
 you to pay no attention to the practice of the wards. On the contrary, I would 
 certainly suggest your paying one daily visit to the wards, dividing the week 
 equally between the claims of medicine and surgery, and equally between 
 our three physicians and three surgeons. Formerly, at all events, it was usual 
 for a much larger group of students to accompany the surgeon than the physician ; 
 not unfrequently, indeed, the attractions of surgery entirely outweighed the in- 
 terest of the less demonstrative feats of medicine, and wnile a crowd kept on 
 tiptoe for half an hour would think itself well repaid by catching occasional ghmpses 
 of the surgeon's efforts to remove a sequestrum, or ligature an artery, scarce a solitary 
 student would deem it lay within his province to become conveisant with the spots of 
 typhoid or the significance of tubular breathing ; and yet many practitioners have not 
 
236 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 had to remove a sequestrum or operate for aneurism in a lifetime, while scarcely a 
 week passes but life and death depend upon their diagnosis of fever and pneumonia. 
 
 There yet remains one other field of observation I would counsel you to cultivate 
 with diligence and regularity from the beginning to the end of your career, and that 
 is the post-mortem room. A knowledge of the anatomy of disease is only second in 
 importance to a knowledge of the anatomy of health. In warfare, to be cognizant of 
 the causes of previous defeats is of the greatest importance in the renewal of strife, 
 and although, in this warfare we wage with disease, the completest knowledge cannot 
 always insure victory, without at any rate all attainable knowledge, we shall, I fear, 
 too often abet, instead of withstanding, the grim foe against whom we wage a lifelong 
 fight. During your first six months in the post-mortem room, as in the wards, the 
 information you gain is necessarily of a general kind rather than particular as regards 
 individual cases, but this general information, and the famiUarity you also acquire 
 with regional anatomy, will serve you in good stead when you commence your duties 
 as clinical clerks. 
 
 I have thus given you some idea of the work and opportunities awaiting you : 
 permit me now to ofier you some advice as to the best mode of encountering the 
 work, and availing yourself of the opportunities. And, firstly, I would urge on you 
 the importance, whenever you see or hear, or by any sense perceive, anything you do 
 not understand, of always asking your teacher for the time being its meaning and 
 significance ; secondly, " when found," in the words of Captain Cuttle, " make a note 
 of it." It is surprising, on the one hand, how soon unvmtten explanations slip from 
 the memory, and, on the other, how valuable an amount of knowledge may, by this 
 process of note-taking, be in course of time accumulated. Another suggestion I 
 would make is, that you should always ascertain, if possible, the etymology of un- 
 familiar scientific words. Here some knowledge of Greek and Latin is of course of 
 the greatest service, and endows with life and meaning terms which otherwise are a 
 serious tax upon the memory. I have already spoken of the high value I set upon 
 lectures ; but to realise that value certain conditions have to be fulfilled on your part. 
 And here I fear to be thought a little old-fashioned in my advice ; I can but say that 
 it is advice based upon experience, and strengthened by observation. I greatly believe 
 in the utility of note-taking ; I found it of the greatest use to myself, and have known 
 it of the greatest use to others. I believe that it aids in many ways, that it helps to 
 fix the attention of the listener on the lecturer, and that it helps to fix in the mind of 
 the listener the knowledge the lecturer imparts. A little practice soon suffices to 
 render a student a fair proficient in taking down at least the outline of a lecture, with 
 its arrangement and divisions. The ease with which you accomplish it will of 
 course vary with the style of the lecturer, and the rapidity or otherwise of his deliveiy. 
 Of some lectures you may obtain a good precis while they are being delivered ; of 
 others but a sketch, unless, indeed, you have the advantage of a familiarity with 
 shorthand, which renders you altogether independent of your lecturer's style. I am 
 willing to admit, though only in the sense of the exception proving the rule, that 
 there are a favoured few who are able, without so seeming, to attend to the lecture, 
 and without note-taking to assimilate its teachings. But the number so gifted scarcely 
 reaches five per cent., and as notes have other advantages, to which I shall allude, I 
 would press equally upon all the usefulness of the plan. For a further advantage of 
 regular attendance upon lectures — and on the importance of regularity of .attendance 
 I would lay much stress — is that they serve as useful guides for your evening studies. 
 Using your notes as the basis of operations, go carefully over them, and if you come 
 upon points on which you feel doubtful, you can either reserve them for reference to 
 your teacher, or read them up in whatever standard work you have on the subject. 
 And this leads me to say a word on the question of books. The Hospital libraiy is 
 an excellent one, and well supplied, but of necessity it is a less suitable place for hard 
 study than the quiet retirement of your own room ; and then, too, you cannot always , 
 be sure that some one else has not at the moment the volume you particularly want. 
 The value of the library, therefore, I take chiefly to be in the larger books, and the 
 cyclopaedias and monographs, and tiansactions of societies it contains, and in its 
 interesting collection of foreign and continental literature. But evei-y student should 
 be so far independent of the library as to have in ■ his room at least one trustworthy 
 authority on all the subjects which engage him, and as he enters upon his different 
 studies progressively and at intervals, so the expense is spread over his whole 
 studentship, and the lifelong utility of his investment will still further help to repay 
 him for the first expense. 
 
 Another suggestion I have to offer you is this : you will find much assistance in 
 attempting to judge of your own Icnowledge of a subject by endeavouring to give a 
 
ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL. 237 
 
 Clear account of it to some one else ; if, for example, you can make a fellow-student 
 clearly understand from your description the anatomy, we will say, of the internal 
 ear, the probability is that you have a clear idea of it yourself; but if, with all good- 
 will on his part, he fails to follow you, the probability is that, there is some failure in 
 the accuracy of your own knowledge. 
 
 The last item of practical advice I would give you is to attend the sessional 
 examinations with as much regularity as you do the daily lectures. You will have 
 learned from the prospectus that examinations are held at the close of the winter and 
 summer sessions, and upon the result of these examinations depends very largely your 
 prospect of winning most of the prizes offered by the Hospital and School authorities, 
 and most of those appointments which are still more valuable than the money rewards. 
 Until recently these appointments were wholly decided by relative position on the 
 class lists ; this is not quite so now, and while, on the one hand, honours gained at 
 university examinations have their weight in the decision, so, on the other, it is 
 arranged tha^ if through circumstances any student is unable to enter for these 
 examinations, yet a sufficient number of practical appointments shall be open to him 
 to insure, as I have already said, that no one need leave St. Thomas's without being 
 thoroughly equipped for his life's work. But still, as all the prizes and certain pre- 
 ferential advantages in the choice of clinical clerkships and dresserships, and much of 
 your prospects of success in competing for the higher piize offices are greatly influ- 
 enced by your position at the examinations, quite enough remains to make it well 
 worth the while of every student to enter the lists, and do his best to win in them a 
 high place. Not only are these examinations good for what they win, but they are 
 good in themselves. Few things test better a man's knowledge of a subject than the 
 effort to put clearly on paper what the amount of that knowledge is ; and, on the 
 other hand, a man who fears he is not gifted for examination work will often, under 
 the stimulus of the occasion, find that he is able to acquit himself far better than he 
 expected. And then, too, written examinations form now so important a part of the 
 examinations for your professional diplomas that the practice of the sessional 
 examinations is of considerable service viewed merely as an exercise. 
 
 Such are the practical suggestions I would offer you at the commencement of your 
 work ; permit me to say a word or two on three principles of action which I would 
 urge you to make the guides of your studies and your life. The first is perseverance, 
 the second method, and the third duty. Of tlie first I need only say that it is' the 
 quality of mind which, above all others, enables the student of moderate ability both 
 to accumulate knowledge and to compete with, and even, it may be, to outstrip his 
 more brilliantly-endowed fellow. Without it, indeed, the greatest natural gifts have 
 often been possessed in vain. 
 
 Only second in importance to perseverance is method. The methodical man who 
 aiTanges his time and work with forethought, and stores away the information he 
 gains with method, will find in his methodical arrangements a potent help towards 
 the realisation of success. On the contrary, the unmethodical man is too apt to be 
 unpunctual in time ; irregular, and hence feeble, in work, and confused and uncertain 
 in knowledge. Coleridge, in hjs "Dissertation on the Science of Method," thus 
 writes : — " If the idle are described as killing time, the methodical may be justly 
 said to call it into life and moral being, while he makes it the distinct object not 
 only of the consciousness, but of the conscience. He organises the hours, and 
 gives them a soul ; and to that the very essence of which is to fleet and to have been, 
 he communicates an imperishable and spiritual nature. Of the good and faithful 
 servant whose energies thus directed are thus methodised, it is less truly affirmed that 
 he lives in time than that time lives in him. His days and months and years, as the 
 stops and punctual marks in the record of duties performed. wiU survive the wreck of 
 worlds, and remain extant when time itself shall be no more." 
 
 The last of the three principles I would press upon you is the importance of being 
 actuated by a sense of duty. Let duty, and not mere pleasure or self-gratification, be 
 the rule of your conduct during your hospital, studentship. And in this way, I may 
 add, your own highest happiness will be attained, I can conceive of few regrets 
 more keen than those wliich, amid the responsibilities of after life, a man must feel 
 whose hospital days were spent in idleness and frivolity, and whose guiding principle 
 was not duty, but pleasure. " It seems to me that a sense of duty is natural to man," 
 saidLothair; "and that there can be no satisfaction in life without attempting to 
 fulfil it." And of this remark of Lothair the gifted author of the story says, speaking 
 through Cardinal Grandison, " Noble words ! — noble and true ! " 
 
 But I must not forget tliat I have tlie pleasure of addressing some who no longer 
 are first year's men, but who have attained to the responsible positions of clinical 
 
238 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 clerks and dressers. If anything I have said to your juniors should be of use to you 
 I shall be sincerely pleased. I have, indeed, little special advice fo offer you beyond a 
 ■word or two on two practical points. The first is to press upon you the advantage of 
 talung careful notes for, your personal use of the more important cases under your 
 charge. .W ot only does systematic note-taking impress upon you, as little else can, 
 the correlation of symptoms, but containing as your notes should, in addition to your 
 ovpn account of the'past history and present symptoms of the patient, your teacher's 
 diagnosis, treatment, and remarks, you will have in them, for the use of after years, a 
 collection of clinical facts which you will find, when thrown on your own resources, a 
 valuable reservoir of knowledge. I have used the word systematic as applied to clinical 
 note-taldng, and upon this characteristic I would lay much stress ; for by it 1 mean 
 that your notes should always be taken according to a system or plan, and not hap- 
 hazard, as it were ; jumping, for example, in your narration of particulars from chest 
 to nervous system, and then back again to chest, and then possibly to nervous system 
 again, but according to a schedule which you may draw out for yourselves, or find in 
 more than one standard treatise, record the symptoms in groups — connected, say, 
 with the various systems of the body — the digestive, the respiratory, the circulatoiy; 
 and so on. And the second point is this. In enumerating the practical advantages 
 the Hospital offered I made a passing reference to the utility of the out-patient depart- 
 ment, but that utility is, I think, more for the advanced than for the junior student. 
 All senior students I would advise, as they have time and opportunity, to spend at 
 least an occasional hour in the out-patient rooms. Necessarily, from the large 
 number of applicants, and fi-om the less serious character of the maladies, less time is 
 devoted to individual cases than in the practice of the wards, but yet sufficient time 
 to Sring out the noteworthy points of the case, and to meet those points in the 
 prescription. Early conditions of disease, again, as well as slight ones, come 
 continually under notice ; and to be familiar with the early and hopeful stages is at 
 least equally as important as to be familiar with the later and hopeless. As a field, 
 too, for studying the diatheses of chHdhood, the out-patient department is unsur- 
 passed. 
 
 To those leaving the Hospital, and some of whom are about to-day to receive tlie 
 crowning rewards of their diligent studentship, I beg to offer the best wishes of your 
 teachers for your future prosperity and success. And I may say, that if any student 
 throughout his career will work and act and live under the influence of the great 
 principles — perseverance and method and duty — so great are the advantages offered 
 him by St. Thomas's, that he will make his start in life with every prospect of realising 
 some measure or kind of that success which is his legitimate and natural aspiration. 
 
 It is not for me, gentlemen, to follow you in your various paths of life ; some have 
 their course pleasantly marked out for them, and inherit a practice with their name ; 
 others have to hew out tlieir own path, and sometimes find it a sufficiently difficult 
 and uphill task ; but all will be more or less frequently reminded of the experience and 
 lessons of their student days; and I trust that these memories will ever prove among the 
 most pleasant and useful of their lives. WJien no longer at the Hospital, it of course 
 remains with yourselves as to the amount of attention you still give to what are 
 termed the collateral sciences; but I wiU venture to say that you will still find in 
 some, especially when thrown much on your own mental resources in tlie country, 
 opportunity of much agieeable recreation. I more particularly refer to microscopy, 
 chemistry, and botany. If your lot should be cast in a country town, not only will 
 you find a maintained acquaintance with these subjects add much to your estimation 
 and influence in the neighbourhood, but many a country walk and many a disengaged 
 evening will be made pleasanter and brighter by keeping up and adding to your 
 knowledge of these interesting and useful studies. 
 
 Medical Secretary, H. G. Whitfield, Esq. 
 
 St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Cambridge Place, 
 Paddington, W., London. The School affords complete means of 
 preparation for the Examining Boards of the Colleges of Physicians and 
 Surgeons, the Society of Apothecaries, University of London, Public 
 Services, and the exigencies of private practice. Course of Study : 
 — First Year ( Winter), Chemistry, Anatomy, Physiology, Dissections, 
 Clinical Lectures, with Medical and Surgical practice ; (Summer) 
 Materia Medica, Botany, Practical Chemistry, Clinical Lectures, with 
 
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL. 239 
 
 Medical and Surgical practice. Second Year ( Winter), Anatomy, Phy- 
 siology, Dissections, Medicine, Surgery, Clinical Lectures, Medical and 
 Surgical practice. {Summer) Midwifery, Medical Jurisprudence, Cli- 
 nical Lectures, with Medical and Surgical practice. Third Year ( Winter), 
 Medicine, Surgery, Clinical Lectures, with Medical and Surgical prac- 
 tice. Special attention is given to the training of Students in the 
 practical work of tlieir profession, and they have the constant assist- 
 ance of a Medical Tutor. It is the duty of this teacher to give 
 elementary instruction in the Hospital Wards, and to test the know- 
 ledge of the Pupils by practical Examinations. For this purpose he 
 attends daily. The Hospital is situated in the most pleasant and 
 healthy district of London, and the Medical School has been con- 
 structed with careful attention to convenience, ventilation, and sani- 
 tary requirements. It contains 170 beds] 68 of which are devoted 
 to Medical and 102 to Surgical cases. A ward is appropriated to 
 Diseases of Women, and beds are provided for Ophthalmic cases. The 
 In-Patients number about i,8cio annually, and the Out-Patients and 
 Casualties nearly 20,000. All the Medical appointments in the Hospital, 
 including those of the House Surgeoncies, are open to Pupils, without 
 additional Fee. These offices are awarded after competition, preference 
 being given to the qualified Perpetual Pupils of the Hospital. The 
 Resident Registrarship, with a salary of jE^ioo per annum, &c., is also 
 open to those who have filled the office of House Surgeon, or to Per- 
 petual Pupils. There is a Reading Room, a Library, a Museum, and 
 also a Medical Society for the exhibition of Pathological specimens, 
 reading of Papers, and Discussions. There is a department for Prac- 
 tical Pharmacy, in which Students receive instruction in the compounding 
 and dispensing of Medicines. A Maternity Department is attached to 
 the Hospital, for the delivery of poor Married Women at their own 
 homes. Pupils are allowed to attend cases under the direction of the 
 Resident Obstetric Officer and the Physician Accoucheur. Appoint- 
 ments as Resident Medical Officers, Chnical Clerks, and Dressers are 
 open to the Pupils, without additional Fee, and are held in succession, 
 so as to secure a complete system of Clinical training. There are 
 three Resident Medical Officers, who are appointed for twelve months, 
 and one, the Obstetric Officer," for six months, all of whom live free of 
 every expense in the Hospital. The money-value of these appointments 
 far exceeds that of as many Scholarships of j^So each, whilst their 
 professional advantages cannot be overrated. All general Students are 
 required to perform the duties of Clinical Clerks and Dressers for a 
 period of six months during the last two years of their Curriculum. 
 Students of the third year are appointed for three months *o assist both 
 the Physicians and Surgeons in charge of the Out-Patients. 
 
 Scholarships and Prizes. — Three Scholarships in Natural Science of 
 the annual value of jQifi, and tenable for three years. One of these 
 Scholarships is awarded immediately before the commencement of the 
 Winter Session every year, by open competitive Examination, under 
 certain conditions, which can be obtained on application to the Dean 
 of the School. An Exhibition in Natural Science of the value of £,20, 
 tenable for one year, is awarded to the Candidate who gains the second 
 place in the competition for the Scholarship in Natural Science. A 
 Scholarship in Anatomy of the value of £^20, tenable for one year, is 
 
24Q SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 given by competitive Examination in Anatomy, Physiology, and Histo- 
 logy, at the close of the Winter Session. A Scholarship in Pathological 
 Anatomy of the value of ;£'2o, and tenable for one year, is given 
 annually by competitive Examination in Morbid Anatomy, Dissections, 
 and Microscopic Anatomy, among those Students who have completed 
 their Third Winter Session. Tw^o Prosectors are appointed annually, 
 who each receive a Certificate and ;£5 for their services in the Dis- 
 secting Room. Prizes varying in value from two to four guineas are 
 given in the different Classes at the close of each Session. Besides the 
 above Scholarships and Prizes, the Medical appointments in the Hos- 
 pital are open to the Students without any additional Fee. The Resident 
 Appointments exceed in value an equal number of Scholarships of ;^so 
 each, and one is of considerably greater value. 
 
 Fees. — For Medical Practice — Three Months, ;f 5 5s. ; Six Months,;^ 7s. ; Twelve 
 Months, ;^I2 I2S. ; Eighteen Months, ;^is 15s.; Unlimited, ;^2i. For Surgical 
 Frcu:tice^— Three Months, j£6 6s. ; Six Months, £g 9s. ; Twelve Months, or the time 
 required by the College of Surgeons, ^^21 ; Unlimited, ;^3i ; Kntrance to all the 
 Lectures required for the Examinations at tlie Royal Colleges of Physicians and 
 Surgeons, and the Society of Apothecaries, £$2 los. ; to the Hospital Practice 
 required by the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, and the Society of 
 Apothecaries, £^6 15s. lod. ; to the Hospital Practice and Lectures required by the 
 Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, and the Society of Apothecaries, ^^89 5s., 
 in instalments, or Eighty Guineas in one sum j for Unlimited attendance on the 
 Hospital Practice and afl Lectures delivered in the School, including One Course of 
 Practical Chemistry, ;if 105, in instalments, or Ninety-five Guineas in one sum ; to the 
 Hospital Practice and Lectures required for the Examination in Dental Surgery 
 by the Royal College of Surgeons, £^2 los. ; Practical Pharmacy to the Dispensary 
 of the Hospital, three months, £10 los. The Fees may be paid by instalments, by 
 arrangement with the Dean of the School. 
 
 Students can make special entries to any of the Courses of Lectures, or to Periods of 
 Hospital Practice. Every General Student is required to pay One Guinea to the Libra;ry 
 Fund. Each General Student is required to pay;^i 15s. at the commencement of his 
 First and Second Winter Sessions, for subjects for dissection. No Fee for Registration. 
 
 It is a reproach to the country, and to the Medical Profession, that comparatively 
 little is known of the diseases which afflict manlcind ; and I wish by these words to 
 indicate to gentlemen entering this profession that there is a wide field of inquiry open 
 to them — that all is not discovered in Medicine, and that there is much to repay 
 investigation. You, gentlemen, to whom I have had the pleasure of giving prizes 
 to-day, and you whom I see around me, are entering on a liberal profession, perhaps 
 the most noble of all. In the minds of other professional men, mankind is regarded 
 from particular points of view. The Clergyman is apt to look at mankind as some 
 being his co-religionists and others on the opposite side; the. Lawyer sees mankind 
 from the point of view of those who know that men are fools enough to go to law ; 
 but Medicine is of no creed, and knows no distinctions. It looks upon man in his 
 abstract position without regard to external circumstances, and seeks to give him relief 
 from pain, however that pain might be caused. Thus the profession is a truly liberal, 
 catholic, and noble one, and the debt of humanity to it is very deep. Doctors like 
 other people, sometimes discover that there is room for differences of opinion on many 
 subjects ; and I, rejoice that it is so, for there is much in' this science of Medicine to 
 be learnt. I therefore venture to say that I hope you in this profession wUl have a 
 little more liberality than is generally shown to diiferences of opinion. Men may 
 hold opinions diametrically opposite to the preconceived opinions of others, but that 
 will not hinder tliis profession from being carried on with more charitv and more 
 tolerance than is found outside ; and more than that, I say that men brought up to 
 such a profession as this, men whose, lives are given to the solacing of human anouish 
 are bound to be thoroughly liberal in their character, and to carry out that character 
 in all their associations. And I further say that we have a right to expect for Medical 
 men that their lives shall illustrate the merits of their profession, by showing that they 
 are not only men who spend their lives in doing good, but that they are good men in 
 THEMSELVES.— .S^^^cA of the Right Hon. Robert Lowe, Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer, at the School Prize Distribution. 
 
WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL. 241 
 
 Communications to be addressed to the Dean, from whom particulars 
 may be obtained on application, either personally or by letter, and who 
 will furnish the names of gentlemen, in practice in the neighbourhood 
 of the Hospital, willing to receive Pupils to reside with them. 
 
 Dean, Dr. W. B. Cheadle. 
 
 "Westminster Hospital and Medical School. — Instituted 
 T719, incorporated 1836. Contains 191 beds, and received during the 
 year 1870, In-patients 1,756, Out-patients 26,657. Ir* addition to the 
 practice of the Hospital, Pupils are permitted to attend, without fee, the 
 practice of the Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Hospital, and that of 
 the National Hospital for Paralysis. There are separate departments 
 for Diseases of the Eye, Diseases of the Skin, and of Women. 
 
 Museums. — The Anatomical Museum contains dissected Preparations 
 of all the principal Tissues and Organs of the Body, and a series of 
 Models in Wax, which are used to illustrate the Anatomical and Physio- 
 logical Lectures. The Museum is constantly open to the Students for 
 purposes of study. The Pathological Museum is furnished with speci- 
 mens illustrating all the principal Morbid Conditions of the Body, and 
 the Accidents to which it is liable. A large number of Casts give the 
 external appearances presented by the specimens prior to dissection. 
 Constant additions are being made to this department by the selection 
 of pathological specimens from the Post-mortem Theatre. Valuable 
 collections of Obstetric preparations and specimens of Comparative 
 Anatomy are used to illustrate the Lectures on those subjects. The 
 Materia Medica Museum contains all the Pharmacopoeial preparations, 
 and a collection of Botanical specimens. 
 
 Library and Reading Room. — The Reading Room is open to the 
 Students daily, and the Medical Periodicals are provided for their use. 
 The Library of Standard Medical Works is placed under the charge of 
 a Librarian, who attends daily, and the books may be perused in the 
 Reading Room. A Subscription to the Library of Seven Shillings per 
 annum entitles the Subscriber to have one book at home at a time, such 
 book not to be retained more than a week. A collection of Bones is 
 placed under the care of the Librarian for the use of the Students in the 
 Reading Room. 
 
 Examinations for Prizes are held at the conclusion of each Session. 
 Prizes are given as follows : — Prizes for General Proficiency for First 
 and Second Years' Students, each of the value of Five Guineas. A 
 Scholarship in Anatomy and Physiology of Twenty Guineas (the holder 
 of which will be styled Assistant Demonstrator, and assist in teaching 
 Practical Anatomy) will be awarded annually to the best qualified 
 Student of the Second Year. Certificates of Honour are awarded to 
 those Pupils who show superior proficiency in any of the Classes. After 
 the Second Year the Prizes are for practical knowledge, viz. : — A Prize 
 of the value of Five Guineas, to be competed for by all Students who 
 have not presented themselves for their final Examinations before any of 
 the Examining Boards, the subject being Clinical Medicine. A Prize 
 of similar value, and under similar conditions, for Clinical Surgery. 
 
 The Chadwick Prize, of Twenty Guineas,^ for General Proficiency, 
 
 r 
 
242 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 will be awarded to the most meritorious Student (or Students) of any 
 year not exceeding the fifth, provided that such Student has been fully 
 entered to the Lectures and Hospital Practice of this Hospital, that his 
 attendance and general conduct have been in every respect satisfactory, 
 and that, at the time of competing, no qualification has been obtained 
 from any of the licensing bodies. Besides the above Prizes, all the 
 Resident Medical Appointments are open to the Students without 
 additional fee. 
 
 Appointments. — The following appointments are attainable by 
 deserving Students : — A Medical and a Surgical Registrarship, each 
 with a Salary of about ;£^So ; House Physician and House Surgeon 
 appointed, without payment of any fee, and provided with free board 
 and lodging in the Hospital ; Assistant House Surgeon, appointed by 
 Examination— he is provided with Commons at the Hospital table ;. 
 Clinical Clerks and Dressers, and a Resident Obstetric Assistant. 
 
 Fees. — The Entire Course of Study (including Hospital Practice and Lec- 
 tures) required by the College of Physicians and the Society of Apothecaries for their 
 Licenses, and by the College of Surgeons for the Diploma of Membership, may be 
 attended on payment of £"[0 in one su?n, or in instalTnents of ^^35 at the commence- 
 ment of the first year, ;^30 at the commencement of the second year, and £^\o at the 
 commencement of the third year. Perpetual Entry to all such Lectures and Hospital 
 Practice may be obtained by payment of £~i% on Entry, or in instalments of £SfO at 
 the commencement of the first and second years. The whole of the Lectures and 
 Practice for any single academical year may be attended on payment of _;^35. 
 Hospital Practice. — The entire period of Hospital Practice required for flie 
 Licensee of the College of Physicians and of the Society of Apothecaries, and for 
 the Diploma of Membership of the College of Surgeons, may be attended for £2(1. 
 Perpetual Entry to entire Hospital Practice, ;^30. Shorter periods of Hospital 
 Practice maybe attended as follows: — Medical or Surgical Practice — Six Months, 
 £?,\ Twelve Months, £\2; Eighteen Months, ;^IS ; Perpetual, ;^20. Dental 
 Practice. — For Gentlemen who are not regular Pupils of the School, Three 
 Months, ;^5 ; Eight Months, £?>. 
 
 Lectures. — The whole of the Lectures required for the Licenses of the College 
 of Physicians and the Society of Apothecaries, and for the Diploma of Membership 
 of the College of Surgeons, may be attended on payment of £w ; or each course 
 may be attended separately. For Gentlemen who are not regular Pupils of the 
 School, the Admission to the Dissections and Demonstrations is : — For Three 
 Months, £z ; Six Months, £$ ; Perpetual, ;^5. Dental Diploma of the College 
 OF Surgeons. — The whole of the General Lectures and Surgical Practice required 
 for this Examination can be attended for £;jo, payable in two instalments of ^^20 at 
 the commencement of the first, and^f 10 at the commencement of the second year. 
 
 Dean, Dr. Sturges. 
 
 Lioudou Hospital and Medical College. — Established 1 740. 
 The position of the Hospital in the neighbourhood of Docks, Factories, 
 and Workshops, renders it one of the largest accident Hospitals in the 
 world. During 1870 the tota> accident cases were 12,741, of which 
 2,315 were admitted into the wards. The daily average of Patients 
 resident in the Hospital was 453. The Hospital contains about 570 
 beds. Maternity cases are attended at their own homes in numbers 
 proportionate to the available staff of Students. 805 cases were thus 
 attended in 1870. The large Out-patient Departments not only embrace 
 General, Medical, and Surgical Practice, but have the advantage of 
 special arrangements for the treatment of Patients with Diseases of the 
 Eye, Ear, Skin, and Throat, as well as Dental and Obstetric cases. 
 The Medical College has been lately much enlarged. Lectures are 
 
LONDON HOSPITAL. 243 
 
 given on all the subjects required by the Examining Boards. For 
 instruction in Mental Diseases, Students can attend, without further fee, 
 the practice of Dr. John Millar, Medical Superintendent of Bethnal 
 House Asylum, a few minutes' walk from the Hospital. Clinical Lectures, 
 both Medical and Surgical, will be given every week, and practical 
 instruction imparted in all the departments. 
 
 Increased prominence has been given of late years to the Examina- 
 tion of Students. Their progress in the various subjects of study is 
 tested and confirmed by vivd, voce interrogation, and at the end of each 
 Session written Examinations are held in all the Classes. All the 
 Students attending a Class must be present at its Sessional Examina- 
 tion. The results thus obtained will be useful both to Teachers and to 
 Pupils, and will serve as a guide to the Council where relative merit has 
 to be estimated ; as, for example, in the bestowal of appointments. 
 
 The health and recreation of Students are not neglected. By the 
 kind permission of the House Committee, the Students can play at 
 Foot-ball and other games in the field within the Hospital enclosure. 
 There is a Foot-ball Club, called the London Hospital Foot-ball Club. 
 It is in a flourishing condition, and plays matches with other Clubs 
 throughout the Season. About two years ago one of the Governors 
 built a Fives Court, on the Eton pattern, for the special use of Students. 
 
 Prizes. — Seven Scholarships to be offered for competition in the 
 Winter Session : — i. Two Scholarships, of ;^3o and ;^2o, to the Students 
 of less than three months' standing, who pass in October the best and 
 second best Examinations in the subjects required at the Preliminary 
 Examinations. 2. A Scholarship, value ;^20, in Human Anatomy, for 
 first-year Students, to be awarded in April, 1872. 3. A Scholarship, 
 value ;^25, in Anatomy, Physiology, and Chemistry, for first-year and 
 second-year Students, to be awarded in April, 1872. 4. Three Hospital 
 Scholarships, value ;^2o each, for Clinical Medicine, Clinical Surgery, 
 and Chnical Obstetrics, to be awarded in April, 1872. The Duckworth 
 Nelson Prize, value ten guineas, for Practical Medicine and Surgery 
 (biennial). Money Prizes to the value of £fio given annually by the 
 House Committee for zeal in dressing Out-patients, and knowledge of 
 Minor Surgery. 
 
 Appointments. — Four House-Surgeoncies, tenable for three or six 
 months, and Dresserships to In-patients, open to all. Dresserships to 
 Out-patients, with the privilege of competing for the Prizes above 
 mentioned. Resident Medical Officer, tenable for two years, with a 
 salary of ;^75 the first year, and ;^ioo the second year. Junior Resi- 
 dent Medical Officer, tenable for six months. Four Medical Assistant- 
 ships, held for three months, with residence and board in the Hospital 
 for three weeks. Resident Accoucheur, tenable for six months. 
 (The holders of all the resident offices are provided with rooms and 
 board free of expense.) Four Clinical Assistants in the Medical and 
 Surgical Out-patient Departments, each at a salary of £>ip- Medical 
 Registrar, salary twenty-five guineas ; Surgical Registrar, salary thirty-five 
 guineas. Two Prosectors of Anatomy, Ward Clerks, and Post-mortem 
 Clerks, according to merit. 
 
 A private List is kept, at the office of the Bedel in the Medical 
 College, of Practitioners residing in the neighbourhood of the Hospital 
 
244 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 who have informed the Dean that they receive Students, or require aii 
 Assistant or a Locum Tenens. Students wishing to reside with a 
 Medical Man living within easy access to the Hospital can obtain 
 information as to vacancies and terms by application to the Bedel, 
 either personally or by letter. Some of the Members of the Hospital 
 Staff receive Resident Pupils. 
 
 Fees.— General Fee for Perpetual Attendance on all the Lectures, and for attend- 
 ance on Medical and Surgical Practice, qualifying for Examination at most of the 
 Medical and Surgical Boards, £^. . Composition Fee, for Gentlemen entering at or 
 before the beginning of their Second Winter Session, their first year havmg been 
 spent elsewhere, £lo. Perpetual Fee for Lectures and Hospital Practice, £lOQ. 
 Perpetual Fee for Lectures alone, ;^30. Perpetual Fee for HoSpital Practice alone, 
 jf 50. The General Fee and the Perpetual Fee are payable in two instalments of ^^45 
 and ;^50 each respectively at the commencement of each of the first two years of 
 attendance. If preferred, the Perpetual Fee can be paid in three instalments, £/^S at 
 the commencement of each of the first two years of attendance, and ;f 10 at the com- 
 mencement of the third year. The Composition Fee is payable in two instalments of 
 £t,<i. Students who have paid the General Fee can become Perpetual Pupils at any 
 time subsequently by the payment of the additional ;^io. Library Fee, ;^i is. 
 Special entries can be made to Lectures or Practice. 
 
 Medical Practice. 
 
 For 6 Months 6 Guineas. 
 
 For Period required by Apothecaries' Hall . . . . . 12 ,, 
 
 Unhmited 20 .. 
 
 Surgical Practice and Dressing. 
 For 6 Months, including 3 Months' Dressership . 
 For 12 ,, 6 ,, ... 
 
 For 18 „ 12 „ ... 
 
 For 3 Years, including 12 „ ... 
 
 For 3 ,, 2 Years' Dressership . . . . 
 
 For 12 Months' ISressership at the expiration of the above 3 Years 
 
 Dean, Mr. Rivington, London Hospital Medical College, Turner Street, 
 Mile End, E. 
 
 St. George's Hospital Medical School. — Founded 1719. 
 The Hospital contains 350 beds, of which 200 are devoted to the 
 reception of Surgical, and 150 to Medical cases. The Medical 
 School provides complete means for the Education of Students, and for 
 their preparation for the varioiis Examining Boards. In addition to the 
 ordinary Curriculum, separate Courses of Lectures are given on Ophthal- 
 mic, Aural, Dental, and Orthopaedic Surgery, and on Psychological 
 Medicine. Special Instruction is also given in Diseases of the Skin and 
 of the Throat, with Clinical Demonstrations on these subjects. Wards 
 are specially set apart for the reception of cases of Diseases of the Eye, 
 and Diseases peculiar to Women, and a certain number of beds are 
 specially appropriated to Orthopaedic cases. - In all the Women's wards 
 cribs are placed for the reception of Children. All the Medical Appoint- 
 ments, including those of House Physician, House Surgeon, Clinical 
 Clerks, and Dressers, are open to the Pupils of the Hospital, without 
 additional fee or expense of any kind. These Offices are awarded after 
 Examination. In addition to the above, the following paid Offices are 
 awarded yearly to the more advanced Pupils upon the recommendation 
 of the Medical School Committee, viz. : — Obstetric Assistant, with a 
 salary of ;£^ioo and board and residence; a Curator, a Medical and 
 
 8 Guineas 
 
 . 12 
 
 
 . 18 
 
 
 • 2S 
 
 
 • 30 
 
 
 . 8 
 
 
guy's hospital. 24s 
 
 a Surgical Registrar, with a salary of ;£<^o ; and a Demonstrator of 
 Anatomy, whose receipts average about 50 guineas. 
 
 Exhibitions and Prizes. — The William Brown Exhibition of jQ/^o 
 per annum, tenable for three years, to be competed for by Perpetual 
 Pupils who have commenced their third but not completed their fourth 
 Winter Session. It is " bestowed on the Candidate who shall show the 
 best general fitness for the exercise of the Medical Profession, and whose 
 moral conduct shall be in all respects satisfactory." Sir Charles Clarkis 
 Frize, the interest of ;^2oo consols, awarded annually to the Student of 
 the Hospital "who by reason of his general good conduct during the 
 preceding year should be considered the most deserving." The Thomp- 
 son Silver Medal, annually awarded for the best Clinical Report of 
 Medical and Surgical Cases observed in the Hospital during the pre- 
 ceding twelve months. Special Prizes are also occasionally offered ; and 
 General Proficie'ncy Prizes are periodically awarded : — jT^io los. to 
 Pupils in their first year, for successful Examination in Anatomy, 
 Physiology, Chemistry, and Botany; ^^lo los. to Pupils in their 
 second year, for proficiency ■ in Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry, and 
 Materia Medica; ^\o los. for Pupils in their third year, for proficiency 
 in the Principles and Practice of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, and 
 Midwifery. 
 
 Fees. — Perpetual Pupils may pay a compounding Fee of 100 guineas. Hospital 
 Practice and Lectures, first year 40 gs., second year 40 gs. ; and 10 gs. for each suc- 
 ceeding year. Hospital Practice and Lectures required for the Diploma in Dental 
 Surgery, ;^4S. (This sum does not include Practical Chemistry.) Students may 
 enter to tlie Hospital Practice and Lectures separately, on the following terms : — 
 Physicians' Practice, ;^8 8s. six months ; £l(> i6s. three years ; ^^25 4s. perpetual. 
 Surgeons' Practice, ;^I5 15s. six months ; £zi tliree years ; ^42 perpetual. The 
 Fees for separate Courses of Lectures range from £^ 3s. to £(> 6s. The studies of the 
 Pupils will be superintended by a Medical Tutor, who will hold periodical Examiaa- 
 lions of all the Students, and will especially devote himself to those who are preparing 
 for Examination for their Diploma. These Examinations will be conducted twice a 
 week, and each Student will pay One Guinea per annum for his assistance during the 
 first three years of his attendance. A Fee of Five Guineas in addition will be charged 
 to those who desire to be instrucited in the special subjects required for each Examina- 
 tion at the University of London. Information as to Residence during Profes- 
 sional Education may be obtained of the Dean. 
 
 Dean, William Wadham, M.D. 
 
 Guy's Hospital and Medical School. — The Hospital, 
 founded in 1721 by Thomas Guy, for the reception of 400 Patients, 
 enlarged through the aid of a large bequest from the late William 
 Hunt, now provides 720 beds; and occupies, with its extensive 
 buildings and large airing-grounds, an area of about six acres. The 
 Hospital is divided into Medical, Surgical, CUnical, Ophthalmic, Uterine, 
 and Venereal Wards, independently of separate rooms for Special Cases. 
 In the year 1870, 81,771 persons were relieved — 5,123 as In-patients, 
 14,071 as Out-patients, and 49,220 as casualties; besides 11,174 who 
 received advice for minor injuries and operations, and 2,183 midwifery 
 cases. The older buildings contain 380 beds, and the new build- 
 ing 340. 
 
 THE SCHOOL.— There are two Theatres, Class Rooms, Museums 
 of Human, Comparative, and Pathological Anatomy, Model Rooms, a 
 Museum of Materia Medica, Chemical Laboratories, Library and 
 
246 SOMS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Reading Room. The Museum of Human Anatomy is divided into 
 Anatomical and Pathological Departments. The following particulars of 
 the internal arrangements of the School and the Hospital will be 
 found interesting not only to intending Medical Students, but to all who 
 are interested in the benevolent aims of Medical Science : — 
 
 The Anatomical Department contains about 2,000 preparations of the various 
 organs and tissues. The earliest contributors were Sir Astley Cooper, Dr. Hodgkin, 
 Mr. Key, and Mr. Cock. A valuable series of skulls of different races may first be 
 noticed, some of the specimens being very rare. The section devoted to the Teeth is 
 next in order, and includes the Pathological Collection commenced by Mr. Fox, 
 much increased by Mr. Bell, and now superintended by Mr. Salter. For the various 
 dissections of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, the Museum is indebted to Mr. 
 Hilton ; and for a series of injected preparations showing the ovum in course of 
 development, to Dr. Oldham. The wax models of. the different regions and organs 
 contained in this division present a minute representation of the anatomy of the human • 
 body. They were made by Mr. Towne, after dissections by Mr. Hilton. Their 
 object is not to supersede the necessity of Practical Dissections by the Student, but 
 to assist him in his studies. Many of them show dissections far more elaborate than 
 the time or skill of a Student enables him to produce, and some represent complex 
 relations of parts v^'hich could not be attained without many separate dissections. 
 Although their beauty and delicacy of finish may be appreciated by the uninstructed, 
 yet they can be adequately prized only by the anatomist, who sees in these models an 
 accurate representation of all that his utmost perseverance could effect upon recent 
 tissues. 
 
 The models of the brain deserve particular notice ; there are thirty showing dif- 
 ferent sections through various parts of (he organ, and thirty-nine illustrating its 
 development from the earliest foetal conditions, and the arrangement of the cerebral 
 convolutions in the principal varieties of the human race. The organs of sense are 
 fully illustrated, especially the Ear, the complex parts of which have been developed 
 vrith great skill. The entire distribution of the nervous system is shown, as well as 
 the various other systems of the body. 
 
 The Anatomical Model Room also contains the numerous specimens which have 
 accompanied the successful "Astley Cooper Prize Essays." 
 
 The Pathological Department contains many preparations by Sir Astley Cooper, 
 Mr. Key, Dr. Babington, Dr. Bright, Dr. Addison, Dr. Hodgkin, and others of well- 
 known name. If is receiving constant additions. It is divided into twelve sections, 
 and contains upwards of 5,000 specimens, with more than 2,000 dravidngs, repre- 
 senting the appearances in recent structures. The drawings are airanged in a 
 cabinet, to correspond with the different sections. 
 
 The Pathological Department has been enriched by a series of models, upwards of 
 600 in number, illustrating the ordinary varieties of diseases of the skin, as well as 
 others which are rare and less generally recognised. Among the latter may be men- 
 tioned the form of cheloid, pointed out by Dr. Addison, and the bronzed skin which 
 accompanies disease of the supra-renal capsules. 
 
 There are numerous wax models, representing the effects of difierent poisons on the 
 stomach, marks of violence on the body, the state of the lungs of new-bom cliil- 
 dren, &c, 
 
 In connection with the Museums are other rooms. One is the Microscope Room, 
 where numerous instraments are kept, with several hundred specimens of the various 
 structures of the body, presenting a complete histological series. Another room con- 
 tains the volumes of records of the post-mortem examinations. These were com- 
 menced by Mr. Key, Dr. Hodgkin, and Mr. Wilkinson King, and have since been 
 carried on by the Demonstrators of Morbid Anatomy. Besides preparations and 
 drawings, there are about 2,000 diagrams for the use of the Lecturers. There are also 
 over 330 pathological casts in plaster, illustrating various deformities, dislocations, 
 hejnise, &c. 
 
 The Museum of Comparative Anatomy occupies the south wing of the building, 
 and contains 2,900 specimens, which have been lately rearranged and catalogued by 
 Dr. Pye-Smith. The ground-floor is principally occupied by articulated skeletons of 
 the Vertebrata. They form a veiy complete series, and among them are rare and 
 beautiful examples. In the lower galleiy, the preparations illustrating the other parts 
 of Vertebrate Anatomy are placed in physiological sections, each of which is well 
 illustrated ; for example, there are nearly sixty dissections of tlie nervous system, priu- 
 
GUlfS HOSPITAL. 247 
 
 cipally made by Dr. Gull ; and still more numerous injected preparations of the em- 
 bryonic structures of the various classes, chiefly the work of Dr. Oldham. In the 
 upper gallery are placed all the preparations of Invertebrate Anatomy, arranged in 
 zoological order. The original contributors to this department were Mr. Bell, Mr. 
 Morgan, and Mr. Wilkinson King. Mr. Towne has also added much to its value, by 
 elaborate wax models of those organs and structures which cannot be preserved in the 
 recent state. Among these is a complete series, exhibiting the changes in the egg 
 during incubation, from the germinal vesicle to the full-grown chick, and models of 
 the brains of animals of the various classes, showing the gradual development of the 
 lobes and convolutions up to the human type. These may be usefully compared 
 with the models exhibiting the development of the human brain, in the adjoining 
 Museum. 
 
 The Dissecting Room is well lighted, warmed, and ventilated, and in all respects 
 adapted for its purpose. Near the Dissecting Room is the Physiological Laboratory 
 occupied by Dr. Pavy. Here experiments are prepared for practically illustrating the 
 Lectures on Physiology. 
 
 The Museum of Materia Medica contains specimens of the drugs in general use 
 under the different forms ordinarily met with in commerce, of their various prepara- 
 tions, and also of their principal adulterations. It is now under the superintendence, 
 of Dr. Habershon. The specimens can be conveniently referred to and studied. 
 A second series of specimens for the use of Students is so arranged as to give facihties 
 for tactile examination. 
 
 A Laboratory is adjacent, in which the experiments, &c., are prepared for the 
 lectures on Chemistry and Medical Jurisprudence, the adjoining Theatre being used 
 for these courses, as well as for that on Materia Medica. 
 
 The Library contains upwards of 5,000 volumes, and is supplied with weekly, 
 monthly, and quarterly journals of Medicine, Natural History, and Philosophy. It is 
 open to the Students daily, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Each Student (on making a 
 deposit of^i, which is returned to him on leaving the Hospital) is allowed the 
 privilege of taking one volume at a time home. Every 'volume taken must be 
 returned to the Librarian by ten o'clock the following morning. 
 
 The Pupils' Physical Society is the representative of the old Physical Society of 
 Guy's, founded in the year 1771. Meetings take place on alternate Saturday evenings, 
 when papers are read by Members on professional subjects, and discussion follows. 
 
 The following relates to the Hospital Practice : — 
 
 Two Wards, containing together forty beds, are devoted to Clinical teaching in 
 Medicine. Care of these wards is taken by the Physicians in rotation during the 
 winter session, and by the Assistant-Physicians during the summer session. The 
 Clinical patients are selected by the Physician, or his Assistants, from all the appli- 
 cants for admission. The symptoms of each case are carefully recorded, and form 
 the subjects of regular Clinical Lectures. The Assistant-Physicians take charge of 
 the General Wards, while their Seniors have the charge of the Chnical Wards, 
 during the winter session. 
 
 The Surgeons, also in rotation, select cases from the General Wards for the special 
 purpose of Clinical Instruction, and lecture upon them during the winter, the 
 Assistant-Surgeons carrying on similar work during the summer. Thus during the 
 whole sessional year there are Clinical Lectures every week in Medicine and in 
 Surgery. The Obstetric Physicians, and the Ophthalmic, Dental, and Aural 
 Surgeons, also give Clinical and practical instruction in their Departments. 
 
 All the cases admitted into the Hospital are reported by Clinical Wiird Clerks 
 attached to each Physician and Surgeon, and recorded by the Registrars, as after- 
 mentioned. 
 
 The Out-patient Department supplies an extensive field for the observation of 
 obstetric, cutaneous, infantile, and syphilitic diseases, as well as general Medical and 
 Surgical diseases and accidents ; and affords to Students the means of acquiring 
 practical knowledge, and opportunities of performing minor surgical operations. 
 
 Cots are distributed throughout the female wards for the accommodation of children ; 
 and about 400 under ten years of age are annually admitted. Means are thus afforded 
 to the Pupils of the Hospital for the study of children's diseases. Th» plan of dis- 
 tributing children's beds amongst those of adult females has been adopted, as being 
 preferable to collecting them into wards by themselves. The former arrangement 
 (which is conformable to that of their own homes) is believed to be conducive to the 
 comfort of children, and to afford security against neglect or ill-usage. It affords also 
 objects of interest to adult patients. 
 
-248 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 The "Wards receive a considerable number of cases of OrtbopKdic disease. 
 
 Wards containing fifty beds are devoted to Ophtlialmic Surgery, and patients in 
 these have their special Dressers. About 2,500 Ophthalmic cases are annually 
 among the out-patients.' The Eye department of the Hospital has been greatly 
 .extended ; a room has been fitted for the performance of operations on the eye, which 
 average not less than 500 annually ; and another large apartment has been darkened, 
 and provided with lamps, so that Students have every facility for learning the use of 
 the Ophthalmoscope. 
 
 A Surgeon has been appointed to treat diseases of the Ear, and to afford practical 
 instruction. 
 
 Every facility and encouragement is given to Students to observe, examine, and 
 study for themselves at the bedside, to record facts from personal observation, and 
 thus to acquire ability in investigating, as well as experience in treating disease. 
 
 The Ward Clerks are assisted and directed in the examination and investigation of 
 cases, and in the preparation of their reports, by the Medical and .Surgical Officers 
 and Registrars. In the Clinical Rooms (one in connection with the Medical, the 
 other with the Surgical Wards), facilities are afforded for chemical and microscopical 
 investigations, and for transcribing bedside notes, &c. 
 
 Under the superintendence of the Registrars, records are taken, and preserved of all 
 cases admitted into the Hospital. These records are written on papers, which are 
 kept in the Wards throughout the progress of the cases to which they refer, and are 
 subsequently classified and bound. 
 
 Prizes, Certificates, &c. — Two Treasurer's Gold Medals are given 
 annually to Students who, having completed their third and not exceeded 
 their fourth year, most distinguish themselves at Special Examinations 
 in CHnical Medicine and Clinical Surgery. One Medal is awarded in 
 each subject. Voluntary Examinations are held at the four periods of 
 the Student's Course, as follows : — First, at Entrance, in Elementary 
 Classics, Ancient and Modern History, and Mathematics. The Candi- 
 date who distinguishes himself most receives £,2^ ; the second Candi- 
 date £,20 ; and the third ^^15. Second, at the end of the first Sessional 
 Year. Three Prizes, the first ^£30 ; the second -£2^ ; and the third 
 ;^io Tos., upon Examination in Anatomy, Physiology, Materia Medica, 
 Chemistry, and Botany. Third, at the end of the second Sessional 
 Year. First Prize ^£'35 ; second ^£2° > subjects, Anatomy and Physio- 
 logy, Medicine, Surgery and Midwifery, Chemistry and Therapeutics. 
 Fourth, at the end of the third Sessional Year. First Prize £40 ; 
 second £$5 ; subjects. Medicine, Surgery, Midwifery, Medical Juris- 
 prudence, &c. Honorary Certificates are given to those Candidates 
 who pass creditable Examinations. Special Certificates are given to 
 Students who have attended 100 cases in Midwifery. 
 
 Fees. — For Hospital Practice and Lectures, First Year ;f 40 ; Second Year, £^o ; 
 Third year, ;^20 ; and ;^io for each succeeding year. One payment of ;^I05 entitles a 
 Student to a Perpetual Ticket. Single Courses of Lectures, £4 4s. or ^5 5s. for 
 each Course. Hospital Practice : Three Months, jf 10 los. ; Six Months, _^I 5 15s.; 
 Perpetual, ;^26 5s. Several of the Lecturers have vacancies for Resident Private 
 Pupils. 
 
 Secretary, James Stocker, Esq., St. Thomas Street, Borough, S.E. 
 
 Charing Cross Hospital and School of Medicine. — 
 
 Gentlemen who enter for their entire Medical Education at the Charing 
 Cross Hospital enjoy certain privileges : — ist. They pay a proportionately 
 lower amount of Fees. 2nd. They are exclusively eligible for the 
 ofRces of Resident Medical Officer, Resident Surgical Officer, Resident 
 Accoucheur, Assistant Demonstrator, Pathological Assistant, Clinical 
 Clerks, Dressers' and Dentists' Assistants. 3rd. They have the use of 
 the Library and Reading Room. 4th. They are admitted, without 
 
CHARING CROSS HOSPITAL. 249 
 
 additional fee, to the Special Courses of Practical Instruction in Clinical 
 Medicine, Clinical Surgery, and in Bandaging, as well as to the Clinical 
 and the Pathological Demonstrations. 5th. They are admitted, without 
 additional fee, to the Lectures on Psychological Medicine. 6th. They 
 are specially instructed in the use of all the instruments of modern 
 scientific research — the Microscope, the Ophthalmoscope, the Laryngo- 
 scope, &c. They are themselves called upon to perform all the ordinary 
 chemical tests and microscopical examinations requisite in medicine. 
 7th. They are exclusively entitled to compete for the Scholarships and 
 Prizes. 
 
 Scholarships and Prizes.- — The Llewellyn Scholarship of ;^25 is 
 open to all Matriculated Studeiits who have just completed their second 
 academical year. The Golding Scholarship, oi £1$ a year, tenable for 
 two years, is open to all Matriculated Students who have just completed 
 their first academical year. There are Gold, Silver, and Bronze Medals 
 awarded to different Classes ; and Certificates of Honour are granted to 
 both Seiiior and Junior Students who attain a marked degree of 
 proficiency. 
 
 Free Scholarships. — Candidates for Free Scholarships are required 
 tp be the sons of professional men of reduced circumstances and posi- 
 tion, or of gentlemen in a corresponding station of society, and are to 
 have had a classical education fitting them for the Medical Profession. 
 They must have already commenced their Medical Studies, and, from 
 unforeseen circumstances, be unable to complete their professional 
 education without such assistance. They are to send in their applica- 
 tion and testimonials before the ist of September. A Printed Form for 
 that purpose will be supplied to them on the written application of the 
 Candidates themselves, addressed to the Dean of the Medical School, 
 which application must be accompanied by the official certificate of the 
 Candidates having passed the Preliminary Classical Examination either*- 
 of the London University, of the College of Physicians, the College of 
 Surgeons, or of the Society of Apothecaries. 
 
 Two Free Scholarships are annually placed at the disposal of the 
 Authorities of the Royal Medical College at Epsom, for their Founda- 
 tion Scholars who shall have passed in the first class at the University of 
 London Matriculation Examination ; the gentlemen to be recommended 
 by the Authorities of the College, and to be approved by the Professional 
 Officers of the Hospital. 
 
 Evening Classes. — To facilitate the advancement of Students to 
 whom Evening Classes are convenient, such Classes have been formed 
 for the study of Special Subjects, i. Advanced Chemistry ; 2. Exami- 
 nation of Urine and Clinical Use of the Microscope ; 3. Auscultation 
 and Physical Examination of the Chest; 4. Demonstrations and Exa- 
 minations in Practical Anatomy. The Class Fees vary from jQi ?>% to 
 ;^5 5s. each Course. 
 
 Fees. — Total First Year's Fees, ;f 34 13s.; total Second Year's, ;f 31 los. ; total 
 Thi d Year's, ^f 14 14s. Matriculated Students receive a deduction of eight per cent., 
 making the whole sum ;f 74 3s., which may be paid in five instalments. Matrici-.lation 
 Fee, £2. 2S. Fees for Special Courses, from £2 2s. to ^^5 5s. Non-Matriculated 
 Students are admitted to the full period for Medical and Surgical Practice on 
 payment of;f3i los. ; or for shorter or longer periods at proportionate Fees. Several 
 Members ol lue Hospital Staff receive Resident Pupils. 
 
 Dean, A. J. Pollock, M.D. 
 
250 '302^3 AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Middlesex Hospital Medical College.— The Hospital 
 contains upwards of 300 beds, of which 185 are devoted to the re- 
 ception of Surgical and 120 to that of Medical cases. There is a 
 special department for patients suffering from Cancer. Wards are 
 specially appropriated to cases of Uterine disease, and of Syphilis, and 
 also for the reception of diseases of the Eye. During the year 1870-1, 
 1,992 Patients were admitted ; the Out-patients during the same period 
 amounted to 22,443. The Medical College affords complete means for 
 the education of Students who are preparing for the Examinations- of 
 the University of London, the Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, 
 and the Society of Apothecaries. 
 
 The Museum is open to Students daily. It contains many valuable 
 preparations, formerly the property of Sir Charles Bell, Dr. Sweatman, 
 Mr. Langstaff, and other eminent anatomists. To these nutnerous 
 additions are annually made in every department, especially that of 
 Pathology, and the collection now consists of upwards of 5,000 speci- 
 mens, arranged to afford facility for Study and Reference. 
 
 The Library and Reading Room are open to Genera! Students. 
 Occasional Students, who desire to make use of the Library, may do so 
 on payment of One Guinea per annum. The Library contains an ex- 
 tensive collection of Medical works and periodicals. Students are 
 allowed, under certain regulations affixed in the Library, to take books 
 home for perusal or reference. ' 
 
 Prizes and Appointments. — The Governors' Prizes of Twenty 
 Guineas, and Second and Third Prizes, for competency in Clinical 
 knowledge, are annually awarded by competition. There are numerous 
 Class Prizes. House-Surgeons, Physicians' Assistants, and Clinical 
 Clerks and Dressers, receive appointments after Competitive Examina- 
 tion. 
 * Parents and Guardians who propose sending Pupils to the Hospital 
 may obtain information from the Dean. Some of the Lecturers receive 
 Students as Resident Pupils. 
 
 Fees. — For the entire period of attendance required by Candidates for the 
 License of the College of Physicians, the Membership of the College of Surgeons, and 
 the License of the Society of Apothecaries, £it 5s. There are smaller Fees for ■ 
 limited attendance, for special Lectures, and for Occasional Pupils. The Fee for 
 Dental Practice is £^1 5s. ; for Pharmacy, £^ 4s. ; Practical Pharmacy and 
 Dispensing, ;^5 53. 
 
 Dean, Dr. Cayley. 
 
 Army Medical School, Netley. — Candidates who have been 
 successful in the Competitive Examinations for appointments in the 
 Medical Service of the Army, Navy, and Indian Services, attend sub- 
 sequently at Netley a course of Practical Instruction in the duties they 
 will have to perform. The course lasts four months, after which an 
 Examination is held to ascertain the progress made by each Candidate. 
 
 The Lectures on Surgery include gunshot and other wounds ; arrange- 
 ments for the transport of wounded ; duties of Surgeons in the field 
 during sieges, on transports, &c., and other special subjects. Those on 
 Medicine refer to the tropical and other diseases of the British pos- 
 sessions and Colonies, and to the losses by disease in peace and war, 
 at home and abroad. The Lectures on Hygiene comprise all duties 
 relating to the examination of water, air, food, clothing, &c. ; and the 
 
SCHOOL OF DENTAL SURGERY. 251 
 
 circumstances affecting the health of those engaged in the Services. 
 The Lectures on Pathology have reference principally to the Scientific 
 examination of tropical diseases, and of other complaints. 
 
 The Candidates also attend the wards of the Hospital to study the 
 diseases of invalids under the Professors of Medicine and Surgery, and 
 the modes of keeping Medical returns and records. They also make 
 post-mortem examinations, operate on dead subjects, and pass through 
 courses of instruction in the Laboratory upon adulterations in food, and 
 the microscopic detection of spurious admixtures, &c. 
 
 During service at Netley, each Candidate receives an allowance of 
 SS. per day, and 2s. per day extra for lodging, if quarters are not found 
 for him. Each Candidate wears uniform, attends the Medical Staff 
 mess, and is undfer the usual service discipline. 
 
 Secretary, T. G. Borchert, Esq. 
 
 School of Dental Surgery, London. — From the Regulations 
 of the Royal College of Surgeons relating to the Examination of Can- 
 didates for the Dental Diploma, it will be seen that the subjects may be 
 arranged under two heads, viz., those which are common to a general 
 Medical Education, and others which pertain specially to Dental Sur- 
 gery. The Founders of the London School of Dental Surgery felt 
 that the opportunities afforded to Students at the existing Medical 
 Schools and General Hospitals could not be equalled by a Special 
 School ; while, on the other hand, the opportunities afforded by a 
 Special School in connection with the Dental Hospital for the in- 
 struction of Pupils on the subjects which specially relate to Dental 
 Surgery, would be much greater than could be secured in an institution 
 devoted to general Medical Education. 
 
 Hence, in the formation of the London School of Dental Surgery, pro- 
 vision was made for teaching those branches of science only which 
 pertain to Dentistry ; and the School has been organised in connection 
 with the Dental Hospital of London, in order that practical instruc- 
 tion in subjects pertaining to Dental Surgery might be accompanied by 
 systematic teaching, under the conditions enjoined by the Curriculum. 
 
 The Pu])ils receive practical instruction from the Dental Officers, and, 
 when sufficiently advanced, are themselves entrusted with the treatment 
 of cases. The Lectures on the subjects specially pertaining to Dental 
 Surgery (excepting those upon Mechanical Dentistry) are given during 
 the Summer Medical Session, in order that Students may be at liberty 
 to attend at any of the existing Medical Schools those Lectures enjoined 
 by the Curriciilum upon subjects which are not peculiar to Dental 
 Surgery. 
 
 Regulations to be observed by Students of the Dental School 
 and Hospital. — i. Students entering the practice of this Hospital 
 shall (unless exempted for special reasons) do so upon the understand- 
 ing that it is their intention to obtain the Dental Diploma of the Royal 
 College of Surgeons of England. Before commencing their course 
 of Studies they must sign their names as willing to conform to this rule 
 and the following Regulations. 
 
 2. Students must attend the Hospital daily (except Sunday) at 9 a.m. 
 o'clock, and upon entering the Hospital must sign their names in the 
 Attendance Books. The attendance of Students will be submitted 
 
252 SOMS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 monthly to the Medical Committee, and no Schedules will be signed 
 unless their attendance on Hospital Practice and at Lectifres has been 
 satisfactory. 
 
 3. No Student shall, unless specially authorised, undertake any 
 operation during the first two months of his Hospital Practice. When 
 permitted to undertake operations for filling teeth, he must provide the 
 instruments requisite for the same. For all cases of gold filling, per- 
 mission must be obtained of a Medical Officer. 
 
 4. No Student shall, under any circumstances, receive fee or re- 
 muneration from any Patient attending, or to whom he may have become 
 known whilst attending the Hospital, and no mechanical work in the 
 form of artificial teeth shall be supplied to a Patient by a Student of the 
 Hospital. 
 
 Other Regulations, which will be communicated to Students upon the 
 commencement of their studies, relate to the internal discipline of the 
 School and Hospital. 
 
 The Courses of Lectures include Dental Anatomy, Human and 
 Comparative, illustrated by Preparations, Diagrams, and Microscopical 
 Examinations ; Dental Surgery and Pathology, illustrated by recent 
 Specimens, Preparations, Drawings, Models, &c. ; Mechanical Dentistry, 
 in which all the processes will be practically illustrated ; Metallurgy, in 
 its application to Dental Purposes. 
 
 GENERAL FEE EOR THE SPECIAL LECTURES AND HOSPITAL PRACTICE 
 REQUIRED BY THE CURRICULUM. 
 
 Two Courses on Dental Anatomy . . . .\ 
 
 Dental Surgery . . . / /-jr ,c n 
 „ Mechanical Dentistry . .( A'i 'i " 
 One Course of Metallurgy ' 
 
 FEES TO SINGLE COURSES. 
 
 Dental Anatomy and Physiology, One Course . . ^^3 3 o 
 
 ,, ,, Two Courses . . 5 5*^ 
 
 Dental Surgery, One Course 3 3° 
 
 ,, Two Courses 5 5° 
 
 Dental Mechanics, One Course ..... 33° 
 
 ,, Two Courses 5 5° 
 
 Metallurgy, One Course 3 3° 
 
 ,, Two Courses ...... 55° 
 
 Fee for the Two Years' Practice of the Hospital re- 
 quired by the Curriculum . . . , . 15 15 o 
 
 S. Cartwright, 32, Soho Square, S. W. 
 
 Double Qualification in Medicine and Surgery. — The 
 
 Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, and the Royal College 
 OF Surgeons of Edinburgh ; and also th^ Royal College of Phy- 
 sicians, Edinburgh, and the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of 
 Glasgow, while they continue to grant their Diplomas separately, under 
 their own Regulations, have made arrangements by which, after one 
 series of Examinations, the Student may obtain two separate Licenses — 
 one in Medicine, and one in Surgery. The general principle of this 
 Joint Examination is, that it shall be conducted by a Board in which 
 each Body is represented : the object being to give to Students facilities 
 f jr obtaining from two separate Bodies, and at less expense, a Double 
 Qualification in Medicine and in Surgery. Students passing this Ex- 
 amination successfully will be enabled to register two Qualifications 
 
king's and queen's college of physicians. -253 
 
 Under the Medical Act. Candidates are subject to two Examina- 
 tions : — 
 
 The First Examination embraces Anatomy, Chemistry, and Phy- 
 siology. Before being admitted to this Examination, the Student must 
 have completed his Second Winter Session of Study, and must produce 
 evidence of having passed a recognised Preliminary Examination, of 
 having been registered as a Medical Student at the commencement of 
 Professional Study, and of having given the required attendance on the 
 first five branches of the Curriculum. 
 
 The Second Examination embraces Practice of Medicine, Surgery 
 and Surgical Anatomy, Materia Medica, Midwifery, and Medical Juris- 
 prudence, and cannot be undergone before the termination of the full 
 period of study. Candidates about to appear for this Examination will 
 receive, on application to the Secretary of the Faculty, a printed form 
 which they must fill up, so as to show their whole course of study. 
 Everything entered in this form must be verified by Certificates, which 
 must be delivered to the Secretary of the Faculty for inspection, at least 
 three days prior to the Examination. Candidates must at the same 
 time produce evidence of having attained Twenty-one Years of Age, 
 and of having passed the First Professional Examination. 
 
 The Examinations are conducted partly in writing and partly orally. 
 Recent Dissections, Anatomical Specimens, Chemical Tests, Articles of 
 the Materia Medica, the Microscope, Surgical and Obstetrical Apparatus, 
 and Pathological Specimens are employed at the discretion of the 
 Examiners. Candidates at the Second Examination are subjected in 
 the Hospital to a practical Clinical Examination in Medicine and 
 Surgery. 
 
 Candidates for the Double Qualification, who possess a Qualification 
 to practise, or who have passed the Examination in Anatomy, Phy- 
 siology, and Chemistry, before any of the Licensing bodies enumerated 
 in the Medical Act, on complying with the regulations in other respects, 
 are admissible to the Second Professional Examination. 
 
 Fees. — The Fee for the Diploma is;^i6, and is apportioned thus •■—£6 is payable 
 to the Secretary of the Faculty on entering for the First Examination, and ;^io on, 
 entering for the Second Examination. Unsuccessful Candidates are remitted to their 
 studies for a period determined by the judgment of the Examiners ; but not in any 
 case for less than three months. In eveiy such case £z of the Fee is retained, and the 
 remainder is returned. A Candidate, on showing a suflScient reason, may be admitted 
 to Examination on a day specially arranged, on paying an extra fee oi£s, which wiU 
 not be retrntied in the' event of his being remitted to his studies. 
 
 Edinburgh, C. Douglas, Esq., Clerk, Royal College of Physicians. 
 „ J. Robertson, Esq., Clerk, Royal College of Surgeotu. 
 
 Glasgow, A. Duncan, B.A., Secretary, Faculty of Physicians and 
 Surgeons. 
 
 %* The Regulations affecting Candidates both as regards General and Professional 
 Education, and the separate and joint Diplomas, may be obtained upon apphcation to 
 the above. 
 
 King's and Queen's College of Physicians, Ireland. — 
 The College was founded in 1660 by Dr. George Stearne, Fellow and 
 Professor of Physic in Trinity College, Dublin ; incorporated by Royal 
 Charter of Charles II., 1667; and re-incorporated in 1692, under its 
 
2S4: SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 present title. Examinations for the License in Medicine are held on 
 the second Wednesday in each month, except August and September. 
 Examinations for the Diploma in Midwifery are held on tire days 
 after the Examinations for the License in Medicine. 
 
 Fees.— For the License in Medicine, ;^IS 153. For the Diploma in Midwifeiy, 
 ;^3 3s. For License in Medicine and Diploma in Midwifery, if taken within an 
 interval of a month, £,i^. 
 
 Registrar, James Litile, M.D. 
 
 Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland. — The College grants 
 two different Diplomas, one conferring the rank of Fellow, and the 
 other that of Licentiate. The Letters Testimonial granted to a Licen- 
 tiate entitle him to exercise and enjoy all rights of practice in the art 
 or science of Surgery, or otherwise, which are commonly enjoyed by the 
 Fellows, and make him eligible to the rank of Fellow, subject to speci- 
 fied regulations. Examinations are held Quarterly, on the second 
 Tuesday in February, May, August, and November, at which Candi- 
 dates are divided into two Classes, Junior and Senior. 
 
 Fees.— Candidates for Letters Testimonial pay los. for Preliminary Examination ; 
 ;^5 Ss. as Registered ]?upil of the College ; ^^5 5s. for the Junior Class Examination ; 
 £1% 15s. for the Senior Class Examination; total, ^^26 155. A Fee of ;^I Is. is. to 
 be paid to the Registrar, on handing each Licentiate his Diploma. The Candidate 
 pays £1 6s. for the Midwifery Diploma, provided he takes it out within one month 
 from the date of his Letters Testimonial ; after that time the Fee will be £2 2s. 
 
 Registrar, J. Brennan, Esq., Dublin. 
 
 Apothecaries' Hall, Ireland. — Examinations in Arts are hell 
 in the Hall four times in each year, namely, upon the third Friday in 
 January, April, July, and October. An Honour Examination of Ap- 
 prentices is held in the first week in May annually, upon some subject of 
 Medical Chemistry, which is announced by the Council at the com- 
 mencement of the previous Winter Session, and a Prize of j[^^ 5s. is 
 awarded to the successful Candidate. Every Candidate for the License 
 must produce his Certificate in Arts, his Indenture, or Certificate in 
 Pharmacy, a copy of his Baptismal Registry, or other satisfactory evidence 
 of age, and Certificates of having diligently attended the Curriculum laid 
 down by the Council. The Examination for the License consists of 
 two parts. In the First the Candidate is required to recognise and 
 describe samples of drugs and plants in Medicine, and to indicate the 
 chemical and physical means of distinguishing them ; to enumerate and 
 explain the pharmaceutic preparations of the Pharmacopoeia, with their 
 uses and doses ; to translate Latin prescriptions correctly ; and to 
 answer questions in Human Anatomy and in Vegetable Physiology. 
 In the second, the Candidate must answer questions in several depart- 
 ments of Scientific and Practical Medicine, and must evidence the 
 requisite knowledge and skill for efficient practice of the Profession. 
 The Examinations are partly written and partly oral. 
 
 Secretary, Dr. C. H. Leet, Dublin. 
 
 Royal Veterinary College, London (Great College Street, 
 Camden Town). Established 1791, and incorporated 1843. Principal, 
 Professor Spoon er. The Course of Instruction comprises the Anatomy, 
 
EDINBURGH VETERINARY COLLEGE. 255 
 
 Physiology, and Pathology of the Horse, Cattle, and other domesticated 
 animals ; Veterinary Medicine and Surgery; Chernistry, Materia Medica, 
 and Pharmacy ; Veterinary Jurisprudence ; the Principles of Shoeing, 
 &c. Previous to the admission of a Pupil, it is required that he should 
 pass a Matriculation Examination, as to his education in Writing, Read- 
 ing, Orthography, and the first four rules of Arithmetic. Before a Pupil 
 can be eligible for Examination, as a Candidate for the Diploma of the 
 College, he must have attained his twentieth year, and attended at least 
 two Sessional Courses of Lectures (two years). He must also have 
 passed a Preliminary Examination, conducted by the Professors generally, 
 ■when a Certificate will be granted, attesting that he has been duly 
 educated by the Institution, and is therefore entitled to present himself 
 before the Court of Examiners. Every Pupil who acquits himself satis- 
 factorily will receive a Diploma, signed by the President and two Vice- 
 Presidents of the College, the Examiners, and Professors. His name 
 will then be registered as a Graduated Member of the Royal College of 
 Veterinary Surgeons. The services of regularly-educated Veterinary 
 Surgeons in the British Army are highly appreciated as Commissioned 
 Officers in Cavalry Regiments. 
 
 Fees. — A Fee of 25 gs. is charged on the entry of each Pupil. For this he is entitled 
 to attend the Lectures and General Instruction given in the College until he shall 
 have passed his Examination, provided he conforms to the rules of the Institution. 
 
 Although Institutions for instruction in the "Veterinary Art had long been esta- 
 blished in France and Germany, and other European states, it was not until 1791 that 
 the medical treatment of horses, cattle', and otlier domesticated animals, was systema- 
 tically taught in England. Until that period, with few exceptions, smiths, grooms, 
 coachmen, and others (although having had no preparatory education), were entrusted 
 with the medical and surgical treatment of valuable, animals. This evil led to the 
 association of a number of Noblemen and Gentlemen, by whom the Veterinary 
 College was founded. An ample range of Stables, an Infirmary, Museum, Lecture 
 Theatre, Dissecting Rooms, and other necessary buildings, were erected, for the medical 
 treatment of Domesticated Animals, and for the Education of Students in Veterinary 
 Science, and Professors were appointed. 
 
 Deputy Professor, William Pritchard. 
 
 Edinburgh. Veterinary College. — Established and endowed 
 by the late Professor Dick, apd bequeathed in trust to the Lord 
 Provost, Magistrates, and Council of the City. The Session commences 
 annually on or about the ist of November. The Lectures terminate at 
 the end of April. Clinical instruction, for Students attending the practice 
 of the College, is continued throughout the year. Although Students 
 may present themselves for Examination, with a view to obtaining their 
 Diploma, at the end of a two years' Course, it is recommended, with a 
 view to elevating the standard of Veterinary Education, that they should 
 take a third Session. 
 
 Museum and Library. — The College possesses a valuable collection 
 of Anatomical and Pathological specimens. Professor Dick having left 
 his Collection of Books to the Edinburgh Veterinary Medical Society, 
 the Library now contains every Veterinary Work which has been pub- 
 Ushed from the earliest to the present time. The Books may be con- 
 sulted in the Library, and are lent to Members, according to the Laws 
 of the Society, which may be seen at the College. All Students are 
 eligible for admission, which is by Ballot. The Society meets once a 
 week, or oftener if necessary, at Seven o'clock p.m., for business, hearing 
 
256 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 cases of interest described, and for reading and discussing Essays on 
 Veterinary Subjects. 
 
 Programme of Subjects. — i. Veterinary Medicine and Surgery; 
 
 2. Anatomy and Anatomical Demonstrations; 3. Physiology and 
 Microscopical Demonstrations ; 4. Chemistry ; 5. Chemical Pharmacy ; 
 6. Cattle Pathology ; 7. Practical Chemistry ; 8; Clinical Instruction, 
 including Clinical Medicine and Operative Surgery, with Practical 
 Pharmacy, and the modes of administering Medicine. 
 
 Preliminary Examinations of Students entering for the first time 
 are held during October and up to 25th November, upon days suited 
 to the conyenience of parties. The Examinations will comprise the 
 following Subjects, viz.: — i. Writing to Dictation; 2. Parsing; 
 
 3. Simple Arithmetic. Students are also invited to undergo Examina- 
 tion on the following Subjects, which are, however, optional, viz. : — 
 Latin, German, and French. 
 
 A Bursary has been founded by Miss Dick of £,2>° pcr annum, for 
 three years, to be awarded triennially, after Competitive Examination. 
 
 Fees. — Students who enter for the first time may secure tickets of attendance upon 
 all the Lectures, including Clinical Instruction and Registration, for one yearly pay- 
 ment of ;^I3 6s. A Second Session may be attended for a similar sum. A third, or 
 any Session after the first two, may be attended for a payment of ;^5 5s. each session. 
 Amateur Students may have single tickets as follows : — Pathological Classes, with 
 Clinical Instruction (i and 5), ^^5 5s. each, or £"] 7s. for both ; Anatomy, ;^3 3s. ; 
 Physiology, ^3 3s. ; Chemistry, ^^3 3s., per Session of Six Months. 
 
 Principal, William Williams, F.R.S.E. 
 
 LEGAL. 
 
 Lincoln's Inn, Middle Temple, Inner Temple, and 
 Gray's Inn. — Consolidated Regulations of the several Societies, 
 comprising the Four Inns of Court, for the admission of Students, the 
 mode of keeping Terms, the Calling of Students to the Bar, and Legal 
 Education. 
 
 Admission of Students. — i. Every person, not otherwise dis- 
 qualified, who shall have passed a Public Examination at any of the 
 Universities within the British dominions, shall be entitled to be 
 admitted as a Student to any Inn of Court, for the purpose of being 
 called to the Bar, or of practising under the Bar, without passing a 
 Preliminary Examination, but subject to Rule 5, hereinafter con- 
 tained. 
 
 2. That every other person applying to be admitted as a Student to 
 any Inn of Court, for the purpose of being called to the Bar, or of prac- 
 tising under the Bar, shall, before such admission, have satisfactorily 
 passed an Examination in the following Subjects, viz. •■—(a) The English 
 Language, {b") the Latin Language, and {c) English History. Provided 
 that the Board of Examiners hereinafter mentioned shall have power to 
 report any special circumstances to the Masters of the Bench of the Inn 
 of which any person may desire to be admitted as a Student, for the pur- 
 pose of being called to the Bar, or of practising under the Bar, and that 
 
LINCOLN'S INN, ETC. 25? 
 
 the Masters of the Bench of such Inn shall have power to relax or dis- 
 pense with this regulation, in whole or in part, in any case in which they 
 may think the special circumstances so reported, or otherwise ascer- 
 tained by the Bench, justify a departure from this regulation. 
 
 3. Such Examination shall be conducted by a joint Board, to be 
 appointed by the Four Inns of Court. 
 
 4. For constituting such Board, each Inn shall appoint four 
 Examiners. 
 
 5. No Attorney at Law, Sohcitor, Writer to the Signet, or Writer of 
 the Scotch Courts, Proctor, Notary Public, Clerk in Chancery, Parlia- 
 mentary Agent, or Agent in any Court original or appellate, Clerk to any 
 Justice of the Peace, or person acting in any of these capacities, and no 
 Clerk of or to any Barrister, Conveyancer, Special Pleader, Equity 
 Draftsman, Attorney, Solicitor, Writer to the Signet, or Writer of the 
 Scotch Courts, Proctor, Notary Public, Parliamentary Agent, or Agent 
 in any Court original or appellate. Clerk in Chancery, Clerk of the 
 Peace, Clerk to any Justice of the Peace, or of or to any officer in any 
 Court of Law or Equity, or person acting in the capacity of any such 
 Clerk, shall be admitted as a Student at any Inn of Court for the purpose 
 of being called to the Bar, or of practising under the Bar, until such per- 
 son shall have entirely and bond, fide ceased to act or practise in any of 
 the capacities above-named or described ; and, if on the Rolls of any 
 Court, shall have taken his name off the Rolls thereof. 
 
 6. Every person applying to be admitted as a Student shall pay the 
 sum of One Guhiea upon application for the Form of Admission; and 
 the sums so paid shall form part of the common fund hereinafter men- 
 tioned. 
 
 Keeping Terms. — 7. Students of the said Societies, who shall at the 
 same time be Members of any of the Universities of Oxford, Cam- 
 bridge, Dublin, London, Durham, the Queen's University in Ireland, 
 St. Andrew's, Aberdeen, Glasgow, or Edinburgh, shall be enabled to 
 keep Terms by dining in the Halls of their respective Societies any 
 three days in each Term. 
 
 8. Students of the said Societies who shall not at the same time be 
 Members of any of the said Universities shall be enabled to keep 
 Terms by Dining in the Halls of their respective Societies any six days 
 in each Term. 
 
 9. No day's attendance in the respective Halls shall be available 
 for the purpose of keeping Term, unless the Student attending shall 
 have been present at the grace before dinner, during the whole of 
 dinner, and until the concluding grace shall have been said. 
 
 Calling to the Bar. — 10. Every Student of the said Societies 
 shall have attained the age of twenty-one years before being called to 
 the Bar. 
 
 11. Every Student of the said Societies shall have kept Twelve 
 Terms before being called to the Bar, unless any Term or Terms shall 
 have been dispensed with under the 36th Rule, hereinafter mentioned, 
 or, as to Students from India or the Colonies, under the i6th Rule, 
 hereinafter mentioned. 
 
 12. No Student shall be eligible to be called to the Bar who shall not 
 have attended during one whole year the Lectures and Private Classes 
 of two of the Readers, or have been a Pupil during one whole year, or 
 
258 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 periods equal to one whole year, in the .Chambers of some Barrister, 
 Certified Special Pleader, Conveyancer, or Draftsman in Equity, or two 
 or more of such persons, or have satisfactorily passed a General Exami- 
 nation. 
 
 13. No Student of any of ihe said Societies, desirous of being called 
 to the Bar, shall be so called, until the name and description of such 
 Student shall have been placed upon the Screens hung in the Hall, 
 Benchers' Room, and Treasury or Steward's Office, of the Society of 
 which he; is a Student, fourteen days in Term before such call. 
 
 14. The name and description of every such Student shall be sent to 
 the other Inns of Court, and shall also be screened for the same space 
 of time in their respective Halls, Benchers' Rooms, and Treasury or 
 Stewards' Offices. 
 
 15. No call to the Bar shall take place except during Term ; and 
 such call shall be made on the same day by the several Societies, 
 namely, on the Sixteenth day of each Term, unless such day shall 
 happen to be Sunday, and in such case on the Monday after. 
 
 16. Not more than four Terms under any circumstances may be 
 dispensed with in favour of Students coming from India or the Colo- 
 nies, with a view to return to Residence there, and that it is not 
 expedient to dispense with any Terms for such Students except on the 
 following conditions, viz. : — ■ 
 
 1. That Students from India do satisfactorily pass an Examination in Hindu 
 
 and Mahommedan Law, the Indian Penal. Code, the Code of Criminal 
 Procedure, the Code of Civil Procedure, the Indian Successioji Act, and 
 in such other Codes and Acts as may from time to time become law in 
 British India ; and, in addition to such Examination, do pass such Ex- 
 aminations, and abide by all such Rules and Regulations as are now in 
 force for Students seeking a Pass Certificate, by Examination, for Call to 
 the Bar. 
 
 2. That Students from the Colonies do pass such an Examination as Is required, 
 
 and do abide by all such Rules and Regulations as are now in force, in 
 order to obtain a Certificate of Honour. 
 
 3. Provided that each of the four Inns of Court be at liberty to dispense with the 
 
 above Conditions in such very special circumstances as they may think fit, 
 and that such circumstances be stated in the Certificate of Call to the Bar 
 given to every such Student ; the Benchers of each Inn, subject to the 
 foregoing limitations, being guided, in the dispensation of Terms, by the 
 circumstances of each particular case. 
 
 Certificates to Practise under the Bar. — 17. No Student of 
 any of the said Societies shall be allowed to apply for or take out any 
 Certificate to practise, eitlier directly or indirectly, as a Special Pleader, 
 or Conveyancer, or Draftsman in Equity, without the special permission 
 of the Masters of the Bench of the Society of which he is a Student, to 
 be given by order of such Masters, and no such permission shall be 
 granted until the Student applying shall have kept twelve Terms. 
 
 18. Such permission shall be granted for one year only from the date 
 thereof, but may be renewed annually by order, as aforesaid. 
 
 19. No Student shall be allowed to obtain any such Certificate unless 
 he shall have attended such Lectures and Classes, or passed such an 
 Examination, or been such Pupil, as under the Rules herein contained 
 would be necessaiy to entitle him to be called to the Bar. 
 
 20. The regulations herein contained as to screening names in the 
 Halls, Benchers' Rooms, and Treasury or Stewards' Offices, shall apply 
 
LINCOLN'S INN, ETC. 259 
 
 to Students seeking Certificates to practise as Special Pleaders, Con- 
 veyancers, or Equity Draftsmen. 
 
 21. The Council of Legal Education is a standing Council, con- 
 sisting of eight Benchers, two of whom are nominated. by each of the 
 Four Inns of Court. To this Council afe entrusted .the power and 
 duty of superintending the Education of the Students. 
 
 22. The Council of Legal Education has power to grant dispensa- 
 tions to Students, who shall have been , prevented by any reasonable 
 cause from complying with all the regulations as to the attendance on 
 Lectures and Classes which shall from time to time be established. 
 
 Educational Terms. — 23. For the purposes of Education the legal 
 year shall be considered as divided into three Terms, one commencing 
 on the I at of November and ending on the 22nd of December, the 
 second commencing on the nth of January and ending on the 30th of 
 March, and the third commencing on the 15th of April and ending on 
 the 31st of July, subject to a deduction of the days intervening between 
 the end of Easter and the beginning of Trinity Term. 
 
 Readers. — 24. For the purpose of affording to Students the means 
 of obtaining instruction and guidance in their legal Studies, six Readers 
 shall be appointed, viz. : — 
 
 1. A Reader of Jurisprudence and Civil and International Law, to be named by 
 
 the Society of the Middle Temple. 
 
 2. A Reader on the Law of Real Property, to be named by the Society of 
 
 Gray's Inn. 
 
 3. A Reader on the Common Law, to be named by the Society of the Inner 
 
 Temple. 
 
 4. A Reader on Equity, to be named by the Society of Lincoln's Inn ; and 
 
 ,5. A Reader on Constitutional Law and Legal History, to be named by the 
 
 Council of Legal Education. 
 6. A Reader on Hindu and Mahommedan Law, and on the Laws in force in 
 
 British India, to be named by the, Council of Legal Education. 
 
 25. The duties of the Readers (subject to regulation by the 
 Council of Legal Education) shall consist of the delivery of two 
 Courses of Lectures in each Educational Terra ; of the formation of 
 Classes of Students, for the purpose of giving instruction in a more 
 detailed and personal form than can be suppUed by general Lectures ; 
 and of affording to Students, generally, advice and directions for the 
 conduct of their professional studies. 
 
 Fees payable by Students. — 26. Each Student shall, on admission, 
 ipay a sum of £s S^v which shall entitle him to attend the Lectures of 
 all the Readers. 
 
 27. Each Student shall be privileged to attend all the Private Classes 
 (except the Private Class of the Reader on Hindu and Mahommedan 
 Law, and the Laws in force in British India) on payment of ^£5 ss. per 
 annum, and each Student shall also be privileged to attend the Private 
 Class of the last-mentioned Reader on payment of £,1 is. per annum. 
 
 Examinations on Subjects of Lectures. — 28. In the month of 
 July, in each year, there shall be Voluntary Examinations of the Students 
 upon tlie subjects of the several Courses of Lectures, but no Student 
 shall be entitled to go mjor Examination on any of the subjects, unless 
 he shall have obtaineda Certificate from the Reader that he has duly 
 attended his Lectures and Classes upon the subject on which he offers 
 himself for Examination. Each Examination is conducted by some 
 
26o SOIi^S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Barristers or Barrister (not being the Reader of the Class to be 
 examined). 
 
 29. No Student who shall be entitled to a Certificate of having 
 attended the advanced Course of Lectures of the Reader on Common 
 Law, on Equity, or on the Law of Real Property, shall be at liberty to 
 go in for Examination upon the subject of the Elementary Course of 
 Lectures on the same head ; and no Student shall be admitted for 
 Examination on the subject of the Elementary Course of Lectures, on 
 any of the last-mentioned heads, after he shall have kept more than 
 eight Terms, or for Examination on any of the subjects, after he shall 
 have kept all his Terms, unless in either case the Council of Legal 
 Education shall, for special reasons, think fit to allow the same. 
 
 30. As an inducement to Students to attend and make themselves 
 proficient in the subjects of the Lectures, Exhibitions of the respective 
 values hereinafter mentioned shall be founded and be conferred on the 
 most distinguished Students at the Examinations in July. 
 
 31. Five of such Exhibitions shall be given to Members of the 
 Advanced Classes in the Common I^aw, in the Law of Real Property, 
 and in Equity, and the most proficient among the Students in Juris- 
 prudence, the Civil Law, and International Law, and the Students in 
 Constitutional Law and Legal History, every year; and be ^^31 los. a 
 year, to endure for two years, making ten running at one time. 
 
 32. Three of such Exhibitions shall be given to Members of the 
 Elementary Classes in the Common Law, in the Law of Real Property, 
 and in Equity, and be £,2 r a year; to endure for two years, making six 
 running at the same time ; but to merge on the acquisition of a superior 
 Studentship. 
 
 33. All the Students attending the Lectures of dny of the Readers 
 shall be at Liberty to attend the several Oral Examinations; and 
 all Members of the Inns of Court, who shall have obtained written 
 Orders of Admission from any of the Readers, or from any Bencher 
 of any of the Societies, shall also be at liberty to attend such 
 Examinations. 
 
 General Examinations. — 34. General Examinations shall be held 
 twice a year, for the Examination of all such Students as shall be 
 desirous of being Examined previously to being called to the Bar, and 
 such Examinations shall be conducted by at least two Members of the 
 Council, jointly with the six Readers, and Certificates of having satisfac- 
 torily passed such Examination shall be given to such Students as shall 
 appear to the Examiners to be entitled thereto. 
 
 35. Such Examinations shall be held in or shortly before Michaelmas 
 Term, and in or shortly before Trinity Term. 
 
 36. That as an inducement to Students to propose themselves for 
 such Examination, -Studentships and Exhibitions shall be founded of 
 ;£52 los. per annum each and jQzd 5s. per annum each respectively, 
 to continue for a period of three years, and one such Studentship shall 
 be conferred on the most distinguished Student at each General Exami- 
 nation, and one such Exhibition shall be conferred on the Student who 
 obtains the second position ; and further, the Examiners shall select and 
 certify the names of three other Students who shall have passed the 
 next best Examinations, and the Inns of Court to which such Students 
 as aforesaid belong may, if desired, dispense with any Terms, not 
 
LINCOLN'S INN, ETC. 261 
 
 exceeding two, that may remain to be kept by such Students previously 
 to their being called to the Bar. Provided that the Examiners shall 
 not be obliged to confer or grant any Studentship, Exhibition, or Certifi- 
 cate, unless they shall be of opinion that the Examination of the Students 
 has been such as entitles them thereto. 
 
 37. At every call to the Bar those Students who have passed a 
 General Examination, and either obtained a Studentship, an Exhibition 
 at such Examination, or a Certificate of Honour, shall take rank in 
 seniority over all other Students who shall be called on the same day. 
 
 Lectures. — The following is a Programme of a Course of Lectures 
 for one Educational Term. The Lectures vary in ensuing Terms, but 
 the general outline of Legal Education is hereby indicated : — 
 
 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND LEGAL HISTORY. 
 
 By the Reader on Constitutional Law and Legal History, Six Public 
 Lectures on " The History of English Municipal Corporations." With his Private 
 Class the Reader will take the following subjects :— 
 
 1. Broom's " Constitutional Law," from Calvin's Case to the Case of Shipmoney, 
 inclusive. 
 
 2. Hallam's "Constitutional History,'' down to the Meeting of the Long 
 Parliament. 
 
 EQUITY. 
 By the Reader on Equity, Two Courses of Public Lectures (there being Six 
 Lectures in each Course) on the following Subjects : — 
 
 An Elementary Course. 
 I. On Civil Judicial Procedure in General. The Origin of the Feudal System, 
 
 and its Influence on Judicial Procedure. 
 II. On the Origin of the Superior Courts of Law and Equity. 
 
 III. On the History of the Court of Chancery. 
 
 IV. On Review, Re-hearing, and the Appellate Jurisdiction of the House of 
 
 Lords. 
 V. On the Principles of Equity Pleading. 
 
 An Advanced Course. 
 I. On the Jurisdiction of Equity in Matters of Account. 
 II. On Equitable Interference in Cases of Partnership. 
 In the Elementary Private Class, the subjects discussed will be — The Creation and 
 Incidents of Express Trusts, and the Remedies for Breaches of Trust. 
 
 In the Advanced Private Class, the Lectures will comprehend — Relief against 
 Fraud, Actual and Constructive ; Relief against Mistake. 
 
 THE LAW OF REAL PROPERTY, &c. 
 By the Reader on the Law or Real Property, Twelve Public Lectures 
 (there being Six Lectures in each Course) on the following Subjects : — 
 
 Elementary Course. 
 I. On the 8 and 9 Vict. c. 106, and the Changes effected by that Statute in the 
 
 Law and Practice of Real Property. 
 II. On the Provisions of the 23 and 24 Vict. c. 145 (commonly called Lord 
 Cranworth's Act), as to Mortgages, Settlements, and Wills. 
 
 Advanced Course. 
 I. On Marriage Settlements. 
 II. On the Form and Construction of the Covenants and Provisions usually 
 inserted in a Lease of a Dwelling-house for a term. 
 In the Elementary Private Classes, a Course of Real Property Law, using the 
 work of Mr. Joshua Williams as a Text-book ; and in his Advanced Private Classes, 
 the Reader will discuss and examine the Notes to some of the Cases in Tudor's 
 " Leading Cases in Real Property and Conveyancing," and in White and Tudor's 
 " Leading Cases in Equity." 
 
262 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 JURISPRUDENCE, CIVIL AND INTERNATIONAL LAW. 
 
 By the Reader on Jurisprudence, Civil and International Law, Six 
 Public Lectures on — ■ 
 
 I. The Historical Development of the Roman Law relating to obligations 
 
 arising from Contract. 
 II. On the effect of Fraud (Dolus Malus), Duress (Metus), and Mistake (Error) 
 upon a Contract. 
 III. The International Law Relating to Neutrals. 
 In his Private Class, the Reader will commence a course of Roman Law and dis- 
 cuss Book I. of the "Institutes" of Justinian. He will use as Text-books, Sandars' 
 edition of the "Institute," and "Demangeat — Cours elementaire de Droit Remain. 
 
 He will also refer to the " Corpus Juris Civilis," and the Commentaries of German 
 and French Jurists, in illustration of the principles discussed. 
 
 The Reader will also discuss, in the Private Classes, points of International Law 
 relating to the " Rights of Neutrals," using Wheaton's " Elements of International 
 Law " as the Text-book, and referring to the works of the principal modem Jurists, 
 the decisions of the Admiralty and' Prize Courts of England and America, the Debates 
 in Parliament, and State Papers relating to the cases under discussion. 
 
 The Reader will specially discuss the Congress of Vienna, the Treaties of Paris, 
 and the subsequent alterations of those Treaties. 
 
 COMMON LAW. 
 
 By the Reader on Common Law,. Two Courses (of Six Public Lectures each) on 
 the following Subjects : — 
 
 Elementary Course. 
 I. Matters involving Contract or Tort which are within the cognizance of Courts 
 
 of Law. 
 II. The Procedure at Law, whether by Action or otherwise. 
 III. The Mode of Proving Facts and Documents at Nisi Prius. 
 
 Advanced Course. 
 
 I. The Nature of Absolute and Relative Rights considered. 
 II. Remedies appropriate where such Rights are infringed either by Breach of 
 Contract or by Tort. 
 III. The various kinds of Evidence admissible in a Court of Law, and the Weight 
 assignable to each of them. 
 With his Private Classes, the Reader will consider in detail the Subjects above 
 set forth, using for reference the following Boolfs : — 
 
 Elementary Class. — Broom's " Commentaries on the Common Law " (fourth edition),; 
 Smith's "Lead. Cas." (last edition) ; and " Roscoe on Evid. at Nisi Prius." 
 
 Advanced Class.^"BuUen and Leake on Pleading;" and the Books above- 
 mentioned. 
 
 LAWS IN FORCE IN BRITISH INDIA. 
 
 By the Reader on Hindu and Mahommedan Law, and the Laws in force 
 IN British India, Six Public Lectures on the following subjects, viz. : — 
 
 Hindu Law. 
 I. Introductory Lecture. 
 II. ,, {concluded). 
 
 III. The Family Relation and Marriage. 
 
 IV. Adoption. 
 V. Alienation. 
 
 VI. Inheritance and Partition. 
 In the Private Classes, the Reader will discuss minutely and in detail the subjects 
 embraced in his Public Lectures. 
 
 Secretary, Thos. Purdoe, Esq., Benchers' Rooms, Middle Temple. 
 
LINCOLN'S INN, ETC. 263 
 
 Law Society (Incorporated), Chancery Lane, London. Esta- 
 blished 1827. Charters of Incorporation,- 183] — 1845. The Council, 
 jointly with the Masters of the Courts, act as Examiners of Candidates for 
 admission on the Roll. Persons entering into Clerkships with Attorneys 
 or Solicitors are required to undergo Examination before entering into, 
 and also during their Articles of Clerkship. Other powers and privi- 
 leges are exercised by the Society by Act of Parliament, and under 
 authority of the Judges. 
 
 Examinations are held at the Law Society's Hall, and also in certain 
 Provincial Towns, including Birmingham, Brighton, Bristol, Cambridge, 
 Cardiff, Carlisle, Carmarthen, Chester, Durham, Exeter, Lancaster, 
 Leeds, Lincoln, Liverpool, Maidstone, Manchester, Newcastle-on-Tyne, 
 Oxford, Plymouth, Salisbury, Shrewsbury, Swansea, Worcester, and 
 York. Candidates are required to give one calendar month's notice to 
 the Incorporated Law Society before the day appointed for Examina- 
 tion, of the Language in which they propose to be examined, the Place 
 at which they wish to be examined, and other particulars, forms of 
 which may be procured upon application to the Society's Secretary. 
 Preliminary, Examinations, before entering into Articles of Clerkship, 
 usually comprise Reading in EngUsh aloud. Writing from Dictation, 
 English Grammar, Writing a short English Composition, Arithmetic, 
 simple and compound, Geography of Europe, English History, Ele- 
 nlfentary Latin, Latin, Greek, ancient or modern, French, German, 
 Spanish, Italian — each Candidate being examined in one language only, 
 according to his own selection. The Intermediate Examination embraces 
 Mercantile Book-keeping, Contracts respecting Real Property, Law of 
 Real Property, and Equity Jurisprudence. Candidates for this Examina- 
 tion may be examined either in the Term in which one-half of their 
 articled service will expire, or in one of the two Terms next before, or 
 one of the two Terms next after one-half of the Term of service undei 
 Articles. The Final Examination, after expiration of Articles, embraces 
 Common Law, Conveyancing, Equity, and Bankruptcy and Criminal 
 Law. The first three branches are compulsory. 
 
 Course of Instruction. — Lectures on the different branches of Law 
 are delivered in the Hall, and Classes have also been instituted for 
 imparting Legal Knowledge. Occasionally Addresses upon General 
 Principles of Law are delivered, to which Members of the Society, and 
 Clerks under Articles, are admitted gratuitously, whether Subscribers to 
 the Lectures and Classes, or not. 
 
 Fees for the LECTUjiEs. 
 
 For all the 
 Three Courses. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 220 
 
 For each 
 Course. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 I I 
 
 330 
 440 
 
 I II 6 
 220 
 
 £ s. A. 
 5 5 
 
 £ s- d. 
 2 12 6 
 
 By Clerks of Members 
 
 By Clerks of Gentlemen not Members . 
 By all other Persons not being Members 
 
 Fees for the Law Classes. 
 By every Subscriber ..... 
 
 Gentlemen may subscribe for, and attend the Lectures and Classes, either separately 
 or collectively ; but as the Instruction given in the Classes will generally have specif 
 reference to preceding Lectures, it is recommended that those who attend the Classes 
 should also attend the Lectures. 
 
 Society's Fees.— The Society consists of about 2,400 Solicitors, in London and 
 in the country. The Admission Fee is ^^5 for T<rwn Members, and £z for Country 
 
264 SPNS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Members ; and the Annual Subscription for Town Members is £z, and for Country 
 Members jf I; all Solicitors are eligible on being proposed by two Members, and 
 approved by the Council. Articled Clerks of Members are admitted to the Law 
 Libraiy on payment of an Annual Subscription of ;if i, 
 
 The Advantages of Association as Members of the Society con- 
 sist of Professional intercourse, a Hall furnished with Proceedings of 
 Parliament, Newspapers, Reviews, &c., use of Conference and Waiting 
 Rooms, a Library of 20,000 volumes of Parliamentary Works, Records, 
 Statutes, Reports, Works on American, Colonial, and Foreign Law, and 
 Classical and General Literature, a Registry Office, and also a Club. 
 
 The Club consists of Members of the Society, who pay an entrance Fee of 
 ;^io los., and an annual Subscription of ^^5 5s. for Town Members, and;^3 3s. for 
 Country Members. 
 
 Secretary, E. W. Williamson, Esq., Chancery Lane, London. 
 
 Society of King's Inns, Ireland. — Rules for the Admis- 
 sion ~0F Students, and to the Degree of Barrister-at-Law. — 
 Every person desirous to be admitted a Student into this Society shall, 
 in order thereto, present at the Under-Treasurer's Office, three clear 
 days at the least before the first day of Term, a Memorial in the printed 
 form, No. i, which Memorial is to be signed and lodged by the Student 
 himself, and the Certificate annexed thereto, signed by a practising 
 Barrister of at least ten years' standing. 
 
 Every Student, on presenting such. Memorial, shall produce a Certifi- 
 cate of having paid at the Stamp Office the stamp duty of ^25 sterling, 
 and also pay to the Under-Treasurer the sum of;^2i 10s. 4d., including 
 ^S ss. for admission to the King's Inns Library, and jQ^ 5s. for Lectures 
 under the recent system of Legal Education — the balance being the 
 ancient fee for admission into the Society as a Student. Students of the 
 Colleges of the Queen's University who shall elect to attend the Courses 
 of Lectures in those Colleges, as hereafter provided, are exempted from 
 paying the above sum of jQ^ ss. for Lectures. 
 
 Every Student not a Graduate of the University of Dublin, Oxford, 
 Cambridge, Durham, London, or the Queen's University in Ireland,' 
 shall keep nine Terms' Commons in the Dining Hall of the Society, and 
 also eight Terms' Commons in one of the Four Inns of Court in Lon- 
 don, and shall lodge, with the Under-Treasurer, a certificate of having 
 iept said eight Terms' Commons in one of the said Inns of Court in 
 London, on presenting his Memorial to be admitted as Barrister. 
 
 Every slicli Student, if a Graduate of any of the said Universities, 
 is only required to keep six Terms' Commons in the Dining Hall of the 
 King's Inns, and also six Terms' Commons in one of the Inns of Court. 
 
 Every Student admitted into the Society after the first day of Trinity 
 Term, 1850, if a Graduate of the University of Dublin, Oxford, Cam- 
 bridge, Durham, or London, or the Queen's University in London, 
 shall, as a condition precedent to being called to the Bar, produce cer- 
 tificates of his having attended two complete Courses at least of Lectures, 
 viz., one complete Course of Lectures of any two, at his option, of the 
 four Law Professors — namely, the Law Professors of the University of 
 Dublin, and those of the King's Inns, and at least five-sixths of the 
 Lectures of each session or University Term ; or if a Graduate of Arts of 
 
SOCIETY OF KING'S INNS, IRELAND. 265 
 
 the 'Queen's University in Ireland, shall have the option of producing 
 certificates of having attended two complete Courses, at least, of Lectures 
 of each of the two Law Professors of any College of the Queen's 
 University, comprising not less than thirty-six Lectures, and at least five- 
 sixths of the Lectures of each course, and of having passed the Examina- 
 tions in the College to which he belongs on the subjects of the aforesaid 
 two Courses of Lectures, provided that the Curriculum prescribed by the 
 said two Courses of Lectures shall embrace all that is contained in the 
 course now prescribed by the Professors of the King's Inns, or as the 
 same may be from time to time varied by any rules of the Benchers. 
 
 Every Student admitted into the Society after the above date (if not 
 a Graduate of one of the said Universities) shall, as a condition prece- 
 dent to being called to the Bar, produce certificates of his having attended 
 four Courses of Lectures, viz., one Course of the Lectures of each of the 
 said four Professors, and at least five-sixths of the Lectures of each session 
 or University Term, in such manner, however, that every such Student 
 shall be engaged not less than three years in the study of the law in 
 Ireland, exclusive of the two years necessary for keeping Terms in Eng- 
 land, in every one of which three years one complete Course of Lectures 
 must be kept. Any Student who shall produce certificates of his having 
 attended during three years the Courses of Lectures delivered by the Pro- 
 fessors of EngUsh Law and of Jurisprudence in one of the Colleges of 
 the Queen's University, and of his having pasSed the general Examina- 
 tions in such College on the subjects so lectured on, shall be deemed 
 entitled to such and the same privileges, in respect to his being called 
 to the Bar, as if he had actually attended one Course of the Lectures of 
 each of the two Law Professors of the University of Dublin, and had 
 been engaged for two years in such attendance ; but this rule and the pre- 
 ceding one are not intended to affect the number of Terras' Commons 
 required by the present Rules of the Society to be kept by Students of 
 the King's Inns prior to being called to the Bar. 
 
 If from illness or other sufficient cause any Student should be pre- 
 vented from completing any Course of Lectures necessary towards being 
 called to the Bar, the Legal Education Committee have power to direct 
 what further attendance, if any, shall be sufficient in such case. 
 
 Every such Student, having complied with the foregoing Rules, desir- 
 ing to be admitted to the Degree of !6arrister-at-Law, and being of the 
 full age of twenty-one years, shall present a Memorial in the printed 
 form, three clear days at the least before the first day of Term, said 
 Memorial to be signed by the Student himself; the Certificate annexed 
 thereto to be signed by a practising Barrister of at least ten years' 
 standing, and the declaration at foot thereof by a Bencher. 
 
 Every such Student so applying for admission to the Degree of a 
 Barrister-at-Law shall, on presenting the said Memorial, pay to the 
 Under-Treasurer the sum of ^32 i8s. gd., being the ancient fee pay- 
 able to the Society thereon, and lodge at the same time a Certificate of 
 having paid;£5o stamp duty at the Stamp Office; also a Certificate of 
 having kept the requisite number of Terms from one of the Inns of 
 Court in England ; and if a Graduate of any of the said Universities, 
 shall also lodge a Testimonium from such University of having obtained 
 the Degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Law therein. 
 
266 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Admission of Apprentices as Attorneys or Solicitors in Ire- 
 land. — The principal Sections of " The Attorneys and Solicitors Act 
 (Ireland),. 1866," provide as follows : — 
 
 Sect. 7. "Any person having taken the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, or 
 Bachelor of Laws, in the University of Oxford, Cambridge, Dublin, 
 Durham, or London, or in the Queen's University in Ireland, or the 
 Degree of Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, Bachelor of Laws, or Doctor 
 of Laws, in any of the Universities of Scotland, none of such Degrees 
 being honorary Degrees ; and who at any time after having taken such 
 Degree, and either before or after the passing of this Act, has been 
 bound by and has duly served under Indentures of Apprenticeship to a 
 practising Attorney or Solicitor for the term of three years, and has been 
 examined and sworn in manner hereinafter mentioned, and in accordance 
 with the practice of the Court of Chancery, or Superior Courts of Law in 
 Ireland, may be admitted and enrolled and registered as an Attorney 
 or Solicitor ; and where any person has, before the passing of this Act, and 
 at anytime after having taken such Degree, been bound as aforesaid for any 
 period exceeding three years, he may, after having duly served three years 
 of such term, in such manner as would have been required if he had been 
 bound for three years only, and having been examined and sworn as 
 aforesaid, and with the consent in writing endorsed on his Indentures of 
 Apprenticeship of the Attorney or Solicitor to whom he may be bound 
 to the immediate determination of his Indentures of Apprenticeship, be 
 admitted, enrolled, and registered as an Attorney or Solicitor ; and when 
 such consent is given as aforesaid, and acted upon under this provision, 
 by the person hereby made eligible to be admitted, enrolled, and regis- 
 tered as aforesaid, the indentures of Apprenticeship shall be deemed to 
 have determined as if they had determined by effluxion of time." 
 
 Sect. 9. " Every person who as a Matriculated or Non-Matriculated 
 Student of the University of Dublin or of any of the Queen's Colleges 
 in Ireland, shall have attended or shall attend any prescribed Lectures, 
 and shall have passed or shall pass any prescribed Examinations of the 
 Professors of the Faculty of Law in the said University of Dublin, or in 
 any of the said Queen's Colleges, for a period of two Collegiate years, 
 and who shall have duly served as an Apprentice under Indentures for 
 the term of four years, in like manner as by this Act provided respecting 
 the service for the term of five years, shall at any time after the expira- 
 tion of five years from the commencement of such attendance on Lec- 
 tures, or of" such period of service which shall first happen, be qualified 
 to be sworn, and to be admitted as an Attorney, or Solicitor, respectively, 
 according to the nature of his service, of the several and respective 
 Superior Courts of Law or Equity in Ireland, as fully and effectually to 
 all intents and purposes as,any person having been bound, and having 
 served five years, is qualified to be sworn and to be admitted, or enrolled 
 and registered an Attorney or Solicitor under and by virtue of this Act." 
 
 By the effect of the 7 th section. Graduates of the University may be 
 admitted Attorneys or Solicitors in Ireland after three years' service as 
 Apprentices, such service to be subsequent to their Graduation. 
 
 By the effect of the 9th section, persons attending the Lectures and 
 passing the Examinations of the Professors for a period of two Collegiate 
 years may be admitted after four years' service. 
 
 Attendance on five-sixths of the Lectures is requisite to obtaining 
 credit for the term. 
 
ROYAL AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 267 
 
 AGRICULTURAL. 
 
 Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester. — Patron, His 
 Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. President, His Grace the 
 Duke of Marlborough. Incorporated 1845. Object — To afford a 
 Practical and Scientifie Agricultural Education to Students from all parts 
 of the kingdom ; and to train men for Agricultural Employment, at 
 home or in the Colonies, whether as Owners or Occupiers of Land, 
 Land Agents, or Stewards. The College adjoins Oakley Park, and is 
 situated on one of Lord Bathurst's Farms, about a mile and a half from 
 Cirencester. The buildings include a chapel, dining-hall, library, 
 museum, lecture theatre, laboratories, class-rooms, private studies, and 
 servants' offices ; with apartments for resident Professors, and ranges of 
 dormitories on the upper floors. The building is lighted with gas, and 
 thoroughly warmed and ventilated. Each Student has a separate 
 sleeping apartment, and shares a private study with one companion. 
 
 Course of Instruction. — The Science and Practice of Agriculture 
 are taught by Lectures, and by Practical Classes on the Farm daily. 
 The Agricultural Course of Instruction thus embraces not only a 
 Scientific discussion of established methods of cultivating different 
 kinds of Soils' in different climates — of the breeding, rearing, and 
 general management of Stock, and of the use of Machinery — but also 
 affords a good illustration of the cultivation of a Cotswold Farm, to 
 which the Students have free access. Each Student is expected to keep 
 a Daily Journal of all the operations on the Farm, and to make him- 
 self thoroughly acquainted with the Accounts. The Farm contains 
 500 acres, of which 450 are arable. The soil rests on the Forest Marble 
 and Great Oolite. Much of it, therefore, is brashy. Cirencester Live- 
 stock Market, which Students have the opportunity of attending, is 
 now justly looked upon as one of the best in the West of England — 
 especially as regards Sheep, with which it is remarkably well supplied, 
 both in numbers and first-rate quality. The system of selling every- 
 thing by auction — thereby attracting strangers, increasing competition, 
 and making it a really open and public market — is attended with the 
 best possible results. There is an excellent Farmers' Club at Ciren- 
 cester, the Lectures and Discussions of which are of great service to 
 the Students of the College. Thirty acres of land are devoted to the 
 purposes of an Experimental Farm, and are so managed that, by 
 accurate records, and the systematic weighing of animals and products, 
 Students are enabled to secure exact information upon most of the 
 important details of Farm Practice. On both Farms, Students may 
 have special work allotted to them, some taking entire charge of cattle, 
 some of sheep, or pigs ; excellence in this work being rewarded, as 
 well as in ploughing and sheep-shearing. Courses of Lectures are 
 delivered upon Natural and Mechanical Philosophy; Chemistry and 
 Chemical Manipulation ; Natural History, Geology, Botany, &c. 
 Instruction in Veterinary Science includes Lectures on Anatomy, 
 Pathology, and Therapeutics, illustrated by cases in the Hospital 
 attached to the College. In order to make the teaching in this depart- 
 ment as practically useful as possible. Students are required to record 
 
268 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 the particulars of all cases admitted for treatment, especially the results 
 of post-mortem examinations. There is instruction in Mensuration, 
 Book-keeping, and those Mathematical subjects which are connected 
 with Surveying ; regular and frequent opportunities being afforded for 
 Practical Work in the Field in Surveying, Levelhng, and for learning 
 the use of the Theodolite, Spirit Level, and other instruments. 
 Architectural and Mechanical Drawing are also taught ; and there are 
 facilities for optional practice in Carpentry and Smith's Work. 
 
 Admission. — Out-students are admitted to attend the Lectures, and 
 avail themselves of the Practical Instruction. Except in certain cases, 
 they are required to be twenty-one years of age. In-students are 
 required to have attained sixteen years of age. Out-students, ^50 per 
 annum; In-students, ;£i25. These terms include everything except 
 books. There are a few private rooms, for which there is an extra 
 charge of jQz^ per annum. 
 
 Scholarships, Prizes, &c. — Six Scholarships, each of the annual 
 value of ;^4o, and tenable four Sessions, are open to competition to all 
 Students having a First Class Certificate in the Oxford or Cambridge 
 Middle Class Examinations. The Student first in each class in each 
 Sessional Examination receives a Scholarship of the value of ;^io, and the 
 Student second in each Sessional Examination receives a Scholarship of 
 the value of ;^s : as there are two Sessions in each year and three 
 classes, these latter Scholarships are really three at;^2o per annum and 
 three at £,\o per annum. Students who enter at the Quarter are 
 allowed to compete for these, but are required to obtain for success 
 5 per cent, more marks. The Haygarth Medal is given every Christmas, 
 the Candidates being the Students competing for the Diploma. 
 
 The College Diploma, which admits those holding it to the 
 position of Graduate, under the title of Member, is obtained at the end 
 of a two years' course by those who pass a satisfactory Examination in 
 Agriculture, Book-keeping, Chemistry, and any other one subject 
 selected by the Candidate. Besides printed Papers, there is a Practical 
 Examination on the Farm and in the Laboratory of some hours' dura- 
 tion ; or, in the case of Mathematics, on Surveying Instruments, 
 Machines, and Implements. 
 
 Excellent sources of information are displayed here ; such as the abundant 
 samples of grains and seeds of all sorts, from a mixture of whicli the Students can 
 pick out all the several grasses, weeds, &c., in a manner surprising to the uninitiated. 
 This power of distinguishing agricultural plants from weeds by the seeds must be 
 invaluable to a farmer in tlie seed market ; the advanced classes are aufait at it ; and 
 I doubt whether one in a hundred of existing agriculturists would be able to do 
 the like. The casts of the mouths of animals, exhibiting the exact appearances 
 of their dentition at different ages, form a preparatoiy study before investigating 
 the mouths of living animals, which are never to be found together at one- place and 
 time presenting half so many variations in age. We entered a spacious Lecture 
 Theatre, and ascertained that men of really high standing have been engaged in 
 communicating the various knowledges professedly " always on hand " at this esta- 
 l>lishment. The Laboratoi7 is about the best airanged and best furnished branch of 
 the whole establishment^ — a place of no mean interest, as having witnessed the labours 
 of Way, Voelcker, and Church. The Botanic Garden is a great feature in the 
 advantages and facilities presented for scientific study. Nothing fanciful or pedagogic, 
 nothing of mere book-learning separated from practical application, is permitted in 
 the teaching of the College. Chemical lectures are reduced to practice in the 
 Laboratory ; every Student going steadily through analyses of soils, manures, and 
 feeding materials, and obtaining experimental acquaintance with all that chemistry 
 has doue for farming. Botanical lectures are made practical ui the garden, the park, 
 
HIGHLAND AND AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 269 
 
 and the farm-fieldf . Geology is applied in long excursions, observing dips, strikes, 
 and anticlinal axes, faults and cleavages, dilces and curvatures, and rummaging every 
 quarry, gravel-j-it, and railway-cutting for fossils. Veterinary lectures are made 
 available in the College Veterinary Hospital, which, Avith its boxes, dissecting-rooms, 
 and pharmacy, stands about a quarter of a mile from the College. The Mensuration 
 and Surveying Class fits the Student for actual field-work with chain and theodoHte, 
 for timber-measuring, and so on, around the neighbourhood. Then, while strict 
 science is drilling and disciplining the mind, a large share of time is engaged in the 
 more strictly professional studies. Drawing and account-keeping are items of great 
 importance ; keeping note-books of farm operations is another ; and daily there is 
 the practical " farm-class," instructed by the Agricultural Professor in some mani- 
 pulation of tillage, some field or farmstead process, some detail in the management 
 or commercial valuation of live stock. The College has not only retained a few fields 
 under its own control for experimental purposes, but its members have the privilege 
 of walking over and inspecting 500 acres of adjoining land. Everything that goes on 
 is open to the observation of the Students, and everything receives its practical 
 explanation on the spot. — Notes by a Visitor. 
 
 Principal, Rev. John Constable, M.A. 
 
 Highland and Agricultural Society. — The Educational 
 Council of the Society is empowered by Charter to grant Certificates 
 and Diplomas in Agriculture and in Forestry, for which purposes a 
 Board of Examiners has been appointed. A sum of money, not exceed- 
 ing ;£^ioo per annum, has been placed at the disposal of the Examiners, 
 to be applied in Prizes to Candidates who pass with distinguished 
 merit, and on a standard exceeding that required for the Diploma. 
 The Examinations are both written and oral, and the value of the 
 answers is determined by numbers. The oral Examination is con- 
 ducted publicly. 
 
 Examinations in Agriculture. — There are two Examinations, 
 styled respectively the " Certificate Examination " and the " Diploma 
 Examination." The first is open to Candidates not less than eighteen 
 years of age ; the second to those who have completed twenty-one years. 
 To pass the Certificate Examination, a Candidate must be acquainted 
 with Farm Accounts, Mensuration, and Surveying, and must also possess 
 a good knowledge of Practical Agriculture, and a general acquaintance 
 with the elements of Botany, Chemistry, and Natural History. To pass 
 the Diploma Examination, a Candidate must be in possession of the 
 previous Certificate, and have attained his tiventy-first year, and must 
 be found to possess a thorough knowledge of the theory and practice of 
 Agriculture ; of Mechanics and Mensuration ; of the Physiology and 
 Treatment of Domesticated Animals ; and of the application of Botany, 
 Chemistry, and Natural History to Agriculture. The Diploma is as 
 follows : — 
 
 " These are to certify that, on the day of A. B. was examined 
 
 in the Arts and Sciences connected with Agriculture, and has been reported to be pro- 
 ficient therein by a Hoard of Examiners nominated by the Council of the Highland 
 and Agricultural Society of Scotland on Education, in terms and by authority of a 
 Charter, given under the Great Seal, on the i8th day of August, 1856. 
 
 Examinations in Forestry. — The Society grants First and Second 
 Class Certificates. The Examinations are open to Candidates of any 
 age. Candidates must possess — ist. A thorough acquaintance with 
 the details of Practical Forestry. 2nd. A general knowledge of the 
 following branches of study, so far as these apply to Foreslxy : — The 
 Outlines of Botany ; the Nature and Properties of Soils, Drainage and 
 
270 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Effects of Climate; Land and Timber Measuring and Surveying; 
 Mechanics and Construction, as applied to fencing, draining,, bridging, 
 and road-making; Implements of Forestry; Book-keeping and 
 Accounts. 
 
 EXAMINATION IN AGRICULTURE. 
 
 I. — Science and Practice of Agriculture, Mechanics, and Construction. 
 
 1. The principles of rotation. Rotations of cropping in most common use for 
 heavy and for light soils. 
 
 2. Manures in ordinary use — usual quantities applied per acre — time and mode of 
 application — their composition and relative values and uses. 
 
 3. Composition and classification of soils — -jiieir agricultural treatment. 
 
 4. The various farm crops — their cultivation, general treatment, and marketable 
 value — ordinary produce per acre, and the different modes of storing them. 
 
 5. The breeding, rearing, and feeding the live stock of the farm — the different 
 breeds — their characteristics — the districts where they are principally met with. 
 
 6. Drainage operations. 
 
 7. The implements used in agriculture, the points to be attended to in their 
 construction and use, and their prices. 
 
 11. — ^Botany. 
 
 1. Nutritive Organs of Plants — Root, stem, leaves. Functions of roots. "Various 
 kinds of stem, with examples. Use of the stem. Structure of leaves. Different 
 kinds of leaves. Arrangement and functions of leaves. 
 
 2. Reproductive Organs. — Flower and its parts. Arrangement of the whorls of 
 the flower — calyx, corolla, stamens, pistil. Ovule. Mature pistil or fruit. Pruning 
 and grafting. Seed. Young plant or embryo. Sprouting of the seed, or 
 germination. 
 
 3. General Principles of Classification. — Meaning of the terms Class, Order, Genus, 
 Species. Illustrations taken from plants used in agriculture, such as grain-crops, 
 grasses, clovers, vetches, turnips, mangold-wurzel, peas, beans, &c. 
 
 Practical Examination in fresh Specimens and Models ; some of the latter may be 
 seen in the Museum, at the Royal Botanic Garden, which is open daily to the 
 public free. 
 
 Text-book — Balfour's " Elements of Botany," A. & C. Black, 1869, 3s. 5d. 
 
 III. — Chemistry. 
 
 1. The laws of chemical combination. Atomic theory. Chemistry of the non- 
 metallic elements, and their more important compounds. Potassium, sodium, calcium, 
 magnesium, iron, and their compounds. 
 
 Text-book — Roscoe's " Lessons in Elementary Chemistry," MacmiUan & Co., 
 London, 4s. 6d. 
 
 2. Agricultural Chemistry. — Composition of plants. Their organic and inorganic 
 constituents. Composition and characters of f rtile. soils. The principles of 
 manuring. Composition of farm-yard manure. Artificial manures. Their nature 
 and composition. Principles on which they should be used. Feeding stuffs. ThSr 
 composition and value, and the mode in which they may be most advantageously 
 employed. 
 
 Text-book — Anderson's "Elements of Agricultural Cheraistiy," A. & C. Black, 
 Edinburgh, 6s. 6d. 
 
 IV. — Natural History. 
 
 1. Zoology. — (i.) The Primary Divisions of the Animal Kingdom — ^with examples 
 of each. 
 
 (2.) The Vertebrate Kingdom. The peculiarities and functions of the alimentarj 
 canal distinguishing the Ruminants. 
 
 (3.) The Orders — Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera — with examples of insects 
 injurious to farm crops belonging to each of the Orders. 
 
 2. Geology. — (4.) The various strata forming the earth's crust in their order of 
 deposition. 
 
 (5.) Their influences on the surface soils of the country. 
 
 (6.) The meaning and application of Disintegi'ation, Drift, Alluvium, Dip, Strike, 
 Fault. 
 
HIGHLAND AND AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 271 
 
 v.— Veterinary Surgery. 
 
 I. Anatomy of the digestive organs of horse and ox, describing their structural 
 dififerences. 
 
 ii. The process of digestion in the above animals, and food most proper for each in 
 quantity and quality. 
 
 3. The management of stock before, at, and after parturition. The time of utero- 
 gestation in the domesticated animals. 
 
 4. Tlie general principles to be followed in the treatment of very acute disease 
 before assistance of the veterinary surgeon can be procured. 
 
 VI. — Field Engineering and Surveying. 
 
 1. Land-Surveying with the Chain. 
 
 2. Mensuration of Areas of Land from a Chain Survey or from a Plan. 
 
 3. Levelling with the ordinary Levelling Instrument and Staff. 
 
 Text-boolcs — ^Any one of the following: — Butler Williams's "Practical Geodesy," 
 J. W. Parker, London, 8s. 6d. Pages I to 20 ; 2<) to 28 ; 30 to 33 ; 56 to 59 ; 
 118 to 132. 
 
 " Cassell on Land-Surveying," Cassell, Petter, & Galpin, London; or "BrufF on 
 Land-Surveying," Simplcin & Marshall, London; the parts which relate to chain- 
 surveying and ordinary levelling only. 
 
 VII. — Book-Keeping and Accounts. 
 
 1. Questions in practice and proportion. 
 
 2. Book-keeping — Describe books to be Icept. Give examples — Taking of stock. 
 Text-book — Steplien's *' Practical System of Farm Book-keeping, '' Blackwood 
 
 & Sons, Edinburgh, 2s. 6d. 
 
 EXAMINATION IN FORESTRY. 
 
 I. — Science of Forestry and Practical Management of Woods. 
 
 1. Formation and ripening of Wood. Predisposing causes of decay. 
 
 2. Restoration of Wood- lands : — (i.) Natural reproduction ; (2.) Aitificial planting. 
 
 3. General management of plantations. Cropping by rotation. Trees recom- 
 mended for different situations. 
 
 4. Season and method of pruning, thinning, and felling. 
 
 5. Circumstances unfavourable to the growtli of trees. 
 
 6. Mechanical appliances for conveying and converting timber. Construction of 
 saw-mills. 
 
 7. Qualities and uses of chief indigenous timbers. Processes of preserving timber. 
 
 8. Management of nurseries. Seed-sowing, 
 g. Collection of forest produce. 
 
 10. Manufacture of tar and charcoal. 
 
 II. — Elements of Botany. 
 
 1. Nutritive Organs of Plants — Root, stem, leaves. Functions of roots. Various 
 kinds of stems, with examples. Use of the stem. Structure of leaves. Different 
 liinds of leaves. Arrangement and functions of leaves. 
 
 2. Reproductive Organs — Flower and its parts. Arrangement of the whorls of the 
 flower — calyx, corolla, stamens, pistil. Ovule. Mature pistil or fruit. Pruning and 
 grafting. Seed. Young plant or embryo. Sprouting of the seed or germination. 
 
 3. General Principles of -Classification. Meaning of the terms Class, Order, Genus, 
 Species. Illustrations taken from common forest trees and shrubs. 
 
 Practical Examination on fresh specimens and models ; some of the latter may be 
 seen in the Museum and the Royal Botanic Garden, which are open daily to the 
 public free. 
 
 Candidates may consult Professor Balfour's "Elements of Botany," A. & C. Black, 
 Edinburgh, 1869, 3s. 6d. 
 
 III. — Nature and Properties of Soils, Drainage and Effects of 
 
 Climate. 
 
 1. The different descriptions of soils, their classification, and suitability to growth 
 of different descriptions of timber trees. , 
 
 2. The composition and constituents of soils. The relations between the soil and 
 the trees growing on it. 
 
272 SON'S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 3. The effects of drainage on soils and on climate. 
 
 4. The mode of drainage for plantations. 
 
 5. The influence of temperature, rainfall, aspect, shelter, and prevailing winds on 
 tree life. 
 
 6. The methods of registering and recording observations, and the instruments used. 
 
 IV. Land and Timeer Measuring and Surveying ; Mechanics and Con- 
 struction AS APPLIED TO FENCING, BRIDGING, AND ROAD-MAKING; IMPLE- 
 MENTS OF Forestry. 
 
 1. The use of the Level and Measuring Chain. Measuring and mapping- surface 
 areas. _ 
 
 2. The measurement of solid bodies — as timber, stacked bark, faggots, &c., 
 earthworks. 
 
 3. The diifferent modes of fencing and enclosing plantations ; their relative advan- 
 tages, durability, cost of construction, and repairs. 
 
 4. The setting out and formation of roads for temporary or permanent use. 
 
 5. The construction of bridges over streams and gullies ; of gates or other entrances. 
 
 6. The different implements and tools used, in planting, pruning, felling, barking, 
 and working up timber trees, or preparing them for sale. 
 
 Ewart's "Agricultural Assistant." Blackie & Son, Glasgow and Edinburgh, 3s. 6d. 
 Strachan's " Agiicultural Tables." Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, 2s. 6d. 
 v.— Book-keeping and Accounts. 
 
 1. Questions in practice and proportion. 
 
 2. Book-keeping — Describe books to be kept ; give examples. Taking of stock. 
 
 Secretary, F. N. Menzies. 
 
 SCHOOL SOCIETIES. 
 
 National Society's Training Colleges for Teachers. — 
 
 Patron, the Qijeen. — The National Society was founded in 18x1. The 
 object of the Society is to secure " that the poorer Members of the 
 Church shall have their children daily instructed in suitable learning, 
 Viforks of industry, and the principles of the Christian Religion, accord- 
 ing to the Established Church." 
 
 The leading operations of the Society are : Building school-rooms 
 and teachers' dwelling-houses ; maintaining colleges for the training of 
 teachers (;£^s8,i99 in building, ;^248,328 in the maintenance of col- 
 leges) ; granting money towards paying the salaries of certificated 
 teachers ; granting money for supplying fittings to temporary school- 
 rooms ; giving grants of books to schools ; diffusing information generally 
 on the subject of Church education ; watching and, when necessary, 
 modifying public measures relating to education ; assisting in the 
 diocesan inspection of schools ; holding in trust money invested for 
 schools. 
 
 The following Regulations for the Admission of Candidates to 
 St. Mark's College, Chelsea, will afford an outline of the conditions 
 affecting' the admission of Candidates to the National Society's 
 Training Colleges generally ; — 
 
 Age of Candidate and Time of Admission. — Pupil Teachers who have com- 
 pleted their apprenticeship are eligible for admission, irrespective of age. Candidates 
 who have not been Pupil Teachers must have completed their eighteenth year at the 
 date of the Admission Examination. The time of admission is at the end of January. 
 Applications should be made three months previously. 
 
 Recommendation. — Before a Pupil can be received, a written application must 
 
NATIONAL SOCIETY'S TRAINING COLLEGES. 273 
 
 be made on his behalf to the Principal by some responsible person, accompanied by 
 a certificate or other satisfactory proof of Baptism, and a recommendation from a 
 Clergyman or other responsible person (to be countersigned by a Clergyman), who is 
 requested to state, as particularly as possible, the grounds on which it is given, as well 
 for the satisfaction of the Authorities of the College as to prevent disappointment 
 and needless expense on the part of the Candidate and his friends. Good moral 
 character, amiability, truthfulness, and diligence are indispensable requisites. 
 
 DECLAEATION.^-Each Student is required to sign the following declaration on his. 
 admission: — "I,. A. B., having carefully read the prospectus addressed to Candi- 
 dates for admission to St. Marie's College, and being fully aware of the rules and 
 regulations of the College, desire to become a Student on the conditions expressed 
 in the above-mentioned prospectus ; and T engage that I will continue a Student for 
 the full period of two years, unless specially permitted or requested by the Authorities, 
 of the College to leave at the end of one year. I also engage that, so long as I shall 
 continue a Student, I will conform in all respects to the regulations of the College.. 
 I am fully aware that the understanding on which I am admitted is, that I shall, oni 
 leaving the College, follow the profession of a Teacher in Schools for the Poor (i) 
 connecteci with the Church of England, (2) in Great Britain, and (3) under Govern- 
 ment Inspection, and I hereby declare that such is my intention and wish." 
 
 Health. — ^A certificate of health is required on behalf of each Candidate for 
 admission, and a form for this purpose will be supplied from the College, to be signed! 
 by the Candidate's own Medical Attendant, or by some qualified Medical Practitioner. 
 Any constitutional or hereditary predisposition to disease or any physical deformity 
 will exclude a Candidate. The regulationS.of the Committee of Council on Education 
 make this imperative. 
 
 Entrance Examination.— The standiard of attainment required from the Can- 
 didates in order to be admitted into the College is fixed by the Examination^ which 
 is to be passed in December in each year.. They will be expected at the ■very-least toi 
 read English prose with propriety ; to spell correctly from dictation ; to write a good 
 hand ; to show considerable readiness in-working the fundamental rules of arithmetic ; 
 to be well acquainted with the outlines of Scripture, and with the Catechism and 
 Liturgy of the Church of England.. Candidates are also examined ini the grammatical 
 oonstiuction of sentences; in history and geography; and in the rudiments of mathe- 
 matical science-. A, knowledge of vocal or instrumental music is always a strong 
 recommendation- to a Candidate. All intending Candidates should procure, as soon 
 as possible, a copy of the " Questions Proposed to Candidates for Admission into 
 Normal Schools;,"' at the last preceding Government Examination. These are usually 
 published in the- following March, by Messrs. Longman, price Sixpence, and can be 
 obtained through any bookseller.j|LF'rom. these questions the general scope of the 
 Govemment Examinations can be ascertained. 
 
 MojRAL Qualifications. — The influence of the Schoolmaster should extend 
 beyond the walls of the School, and his lessons range over the whole compassof daily 
 life. More especially is this requisite in those whose sphere: of diuty lies among the 
 poor. The importance of good dispositions and amiable tempers in those who ate to 
 be received into a Normal College, the primary object of which is to form the cha- 
 racter, appears indeed tO' be generally felt and justly appreciated. It may be well that 
 Candidates for admission should be admonished by their friends, before they take a 
 step on which the tenor of their future lives will depend, to weigh well the nature of 
 their undertaldng. In particular they should be made aware that they will have to 
 lead in the College a life of continued industry and some self-denial ; that they will 
 rise early> and fare simply ; that a portion of every day will be allotted to devotional 
 exercises ; and that they will be employed in the- garden, as well as in the Practising 
 Schools. Such a mode of life, humbly and dutifuHy pursued, vnW be found to con- 
 duce to their present happiness, as surely as to their permaijent well-being ; but may 
 prove irksome to those who do not enter upon it in a cheerful, contented^ and sub-, 
 missive spirit. 
 
 The Period of Training is for two- years, according to the provisions of the 
 Committee of Council on Education. No Student will be admitted who does not 
 undertake to remain two years, unless some unforeseen circumstance (such as sickness) 
 should render his vrithdrawal unavoidable at the end of one year. 
 
 Entrance Fee.— Those who have successfully passed the Govemment Entrance 
 Examination may be received as Students, on payment of an Entrance Fee of Five 
 Pounds. No other payment ■«nll be required from them during their two years' 
 residence. It is the only charge made for board, lodging, washing, and medical 
 attendance. 
 
274 SO/\rS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 College Examinations. — Besides the Government Examination, which takes 
 place at Christmas, there are Examinations conducted by the Authorities of the Col- 
 lege — in July and at Michaelmas. These Examinations are of considerable impor- 
 tance, as upon those results depend the College Prizes, and the position of each 
 Student's name upon the College RoU. Special Science Classes are conducted in the 
 College ; and the Students are encouraged to compete for the honours and certificates 
 awarded annually by the Department of Science and Art at South Kensington. 
 The College is not much more than a mile distant from the Museum of the Depart- 
 ment, to which the Students of St. Mark's have free admission at all times. The 
 advantage of this privilege can be understood only by those who are acquainted with 
 the beautiful models of all kinds, the Scientific Apparatus, the Pictures, the Drawings, 
 and the other treasures of Science and Art there exhibited. 
 
 The Vacations are (i) in the autumn, from the third week in July to the end of the 
 last week in August, and (2) at Christmas, from the third week in December to the 
 end of the third week in January. During these Vacations the College is entirely 
 closed. 
 
 Miscellaneous. — The College Library is open under certain restrictions to the 
 general use of the Students. Class-books are furnished by the College at reduced 
 prices. Divine Service in the Chapel is attended by all the Students daily, at half- 
 past seven in the morning, and at a quarter-past nine in the evening. They go to 
 bed immediately after Evening Service, and attend a roll-call in the morning at six. 
 
 Every Student is required to spend a certain portion of time as a Teacher in the 
 Practising Schools, under the direction of the Normal Master. The recommendation 
 which he will receive from the College will greatly depend upon the zeal and ability 
 which he displays in this department of duty. 
 
 The meals are three a day : breakfast at a quarter-past eight, dinner at a quarter-past 
 one, and- tea at a quarter-past six. 
 
 A portion of the day is devoted to drill or to manual labour in the garden. Great 
 advantages, physical and moral, accrue to the Student from this regulation ; and any 
 neglect or remissness in the performance of these duties will consequently be noted. 
 There is a large bath in the grounds of the College, under the charge of an experienced 
 Military Sergeant, who teaches the Students how to svrim. 
 
 Each department of work is placed under the supervision of a Monitor, to whom 
 strict obedience must be paid. If there be any cause of complaint, it should be com- 
 municated to the Vice-Principal. The Principal himself is ready to receive communi- 
 cations from Students, and to give them advice on any subject in which they may be 
 interested, every day after Morning Service. 
 
 An opportunity of practice will, as far as possible, be afforded to all those who 
 may bring with them an elementary knowledge of the Organ, Harmonium, or 
 Pianoforte. 
 
 The Grounds of the College consist of several acres of garden and grass land. 
 Students are permitted to go out on Sundays from dinner-time to a quarter to four 
 p.m. ; on Wednesdays from dinner-time to half-past six p.m. ; and on Saturdays 
 from five to six p.m., in summer. With these exceptions, the Students are not 
 allowed to leave the grounds wthout special permission. 
 
 Active recreation is permitted and encouraged at suitable times, and all means are 
 taken to promote the health and cheerfulness of the Students, but rude or boisterous 
 manners, and coarse language, are strictly prohibited. 
 
 The privileges of the College will be forfeited not only by gross acts of immorality, 
 but by habits of idleness, negligence, or trifling, or of insincerity, or of suUenness 
 and ill-temper, or of disobedience and impertinence to superiors, or by the use of 
 improper language. 
 
 Future Appointments. — Students at the termination of their course will be 
 assisted as far as possible in procuring appointments, or advised in regard to such 
 appointments as may be procured for them by their friends. Their wishes and cu- 
 cumstances will be consulted, as far as opportunity permits, regard being had to the 
 qualifications of the individual, but no given amount of salary or other advantages 
 can be guaranteed. This must depend in each case upon the turn of events over 
 which the College can exercise no control. Young men are advised to look to the 
 prospective advantages rather than to the immediate emolument of the situation 
 which they may be called upon to fill, and to be content if in the first instance they 
 occupy a field of active duty, in which they may gain experience and establish a 
 character. 
 
 The Authorities of the College do not usually undertake to recommend any young 
 man to a second appointment ; for this he must depend upon the testimonial which 
 
BRITISH AND FOREIGN SCHOOL SOCIETY. 275 
 
 he may carry with him from the first ; but they are anxious to maintain a friendly 
 connection uath the Schoolmasters whom they have assisted to educate, and to render 
 them assistance in procuring situations whenever the circumstances of the case appear 
 to justify them in doing so ; and they will recognise the principle, that ex-Students 
 who have done good work in laborious posts have a claim for promotion whenever a 
 suitable opportunity occurs. 
 
 Ex-Students are particularly requested to send their addresses to the College 
 whenever they change their situation, in order that the necessary alterations may be 
 made in the College Registers. 
 
 Principal, Rev. John G. Cromwell. 
 
 The Society has also a Training College for Schoolmistresses at 
 Whiteland's House, Chelsea. 
 
 Sritish and Foreign School Society. — Patron: Her 
 Majesty the Queen. The Society has at present two Training Col- 
 leges, accommodating 100 Male (Borough Road), and 102 Female 
 Students (Stockwell). The Committee is preparing to double the 
 number of Teachers sent out every year. These Teachers are recog- 
 nised by the Education Department as certificated when they leave. 
 Most of them are qualified to teach Drawing and Singing ; some obtain 
 the Certificates of the Government Science and Art Department ; 
 and all receive careful instruction in the Art and Practice of Teaching. 
 
 The Course of Instruction in British Schools embraces a wide 
 range of subjects, varying, of course, according to the class of children, 
 the attainments of the Teacher, and the views of the local supporters. 
 Grammar, History, and Geography are taught, as well as Reading, 
 Writing, and Arithmetic. The singing of cheerful songs is generally a 
 part of the routine, and the study of Music is often pursued scientifically. 
 The science of common things is illustrated in object lessons, and in 
 many schools considerable progress is made in the knowledge of the 
 elements of Physical Geography, Natural History, and Physiology. 
 Drawing is introduced where practicable. The Kinder-garten amuse- 
 ments are employed in Infant Schools'. Manual exercises in the school- 
 room, and gymnastics in the play-ground, are encouraged. Needlework, 
 cutting out, knitting, plaiting, and the industrial occupations of the 
 district are practised. Nothing that is hkely to fit the children for 
 their daily life is intentionally shut out. The aim is to develop intelli- 
 gence and moral power, to make loyal subjects, good citizens, and 
 God-fearing men and women. As a part of the instruction the Bible 
 is read, and Bible lessons are given. In the schools under the imme- 
 diate control of the Committee of the Society the Teachers take great 
 pains not only to explain and enforce the precepts of the sacred volume, 
 but also to make the children love them, and receive them as the guide 
 of their lives. The teaching is not of a controversial kind, and no 
 attempt is made to inculcate the peculiar- doctrinal tenets of any class of 
 Christians. 
 
 REGULATIONS TO BE OBSERVED BY APPLICANTS FOR 
 ADMISSION. 
 
 1. Pupil-teachers who have successfully completed their term of apprenticeship, 
 and those who, not having been Pupil-teachers, will be more than eighteen years of 
 age on the ist of January, 1872 [or of any succeeding year], may make application 
 for admission to the Borough Road College early in the preceding December by 
 filling up and signing the necessary form. 
 
 2. Applicants should consider whether they can conscientiously comply with the 
 
 T 2 
 
276 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 requirements of those who pay for the education given at the Colleges of the Society. 
 The funds are supplied partly by the State, and paid out of the Parliamentary fund 
 administered by the Educational Department, and partly by the friends of religious 
 unsectarian education. 
 
 The State requires that the Students thus educated should become Teachers of Public 
 Elementary Schools, or Elementary Teachers in the Army and Royal Navy, or 
 (within Great Britain) in Poor Law Schools, Certified Industrial Schools, or Certified 
 Reformatories ; and a declaration to this effect will have to be made upon admission. 
 
 The Subscribers to the Society require that the Teachers, to whose education they 
 contribute, should be able and willing to conduct schools in a Christian and unsec- 
 tarian spirit. While no test is imposed, and no particular religious profession insisted 
 on, the Committee desires to train truly religious Teachers who can make the Children 
 acquainted with the truths of Scripture without imparting any sectarian bias. 
 
 Applicants who furnish satisfactory evidence of freedom from serious bodily 
 defect or deformity, of the possession of general health, of good character, and of 
 teaching ability, will be placed on the list of Candidates. 
 
 . 3. The Candidates will have to present themselves at the Borough Road College 
 during the week before Christmas for Examination — as to health, by the medical 
 officer of the Institution, and as to proficiency in the subjects mentioned below, by 
 one or more of her Majesty's Inspectors : — 
 
 jEngUsh Language. — I. Reading with ease, fluency, and expression: 
 
 2. Writing, both large and small hand. 
 
 3. Dictation, with correct spelling and punctuation. 
 
 4. Grammar, including derivations, parsing, and analysis of 
 
 sentences. 
 
 5. The source and growth of the language. 
 Geography. — General knowledge (with maps) of the chief divisions : also the 
 
 British Isles and Colonies and Ancient Palestine. 
 Hiitory. — Outlines of British history. 
 
 Arithmetic, as far as decimal and vulgar fractions (inclusive). 
 Algebra, as far as simple equations.. 
 Euclid., Book I. 
 School Management. 
 
 Knowledge of Latin Grammar and Music (Tonic Sol-ia or Old Notation) will 
 be advantageous. 
 Questions fut the previous year are published in a pamphlet, and sold at the 
 Society's Depository. Price "jd., post free. 
 
 The Examination will occupy three or four days, during which board and lodging 
 will be provided in the College for ten- shillings. Candidates living near may have 
 partial accommodation on special terms. The result of the Examination will be 
 announced as soon as possible, probably in the second or third week in January, and 
 each Candidate should leave a fully-addressed envelope, in which the announcement 
 may be enclosed. 
 
 To meet the case of those who have not been Pupil- teachers. Preparatory Classes 
 will be established for a limited number towards the end of August. 
 
 4-. Tlie Students are chosen from among the successful Candidates. The advan- 
 tages of a College Course are given with a view to future service — not as a right earned 
 by service during apprenticeship. There is, therefore, no ground of complaint if some 
 who pass the Examination are excluded on account of health, or for want of room. 
 Every effort will, however, be made to prevent disappointment. There will be in 1872 
 about 70 Queen's Scholarships. If the number of successful Candidates exceeds 
 this, preference will be given to those who have been Pupil4:eachers in afBliated 
 Schools. In all other cases (health being good) the names wiU be taken strictly in. 
 the order of the Examination List. 
 
 An entrance fee of ^3 will have to be paid when the residence in College com- 
 mences ; but no further payment to the College will be required. The cost of books 
 and stationery will be about 30s. or 40s. a year. The cost of clothes, travelling, and 
 living during the holidays may easily be calculated in each case by the Candidate 
 himself. 
 
 All the Students admitted will receive board, lodging, washing, and medical 
 attendance (except during the holidays), and will take their turn in .the Practising 
 Schools. 
 
 J. The Stt(dents assemble (unless special notice to the contrary be given) on the 
 last Thursday in January, and disperse immediately after the Certificate Examination in 
 December. The holidays extend from the last Thursday in June to the second 
 
NORMAL SCHOOLS. 277 
 
 Thursday in August. A few days' relaxation is allowed at Easter and Michaelmas, 
 and Students whose home is within easy reach of the College may obtain permission 
 to spend Saturday afternoon and Sunday with their relatives. Those who remain in 
 College during Sunday are expected to attend regularly some place of worship, the 
 ■choice being left to themselves. 
 
 6. During the first year the subjects studied by Males comprise Scripture, reading 
 and recitation, writing, dictation, grammar, composition, geography, history, arithmetic 
 and algebra, geometry (elementary), practical science, school management, drawing, 
 and music. The following are the principal text-books required: — -The Bible; Curtis's 
 English Grammar ; Curtis's Analysis and Etymology ; Smith's Principia Latina ; the 
 Art of Computation, by A. F. Smith and H. Roe ; Comwell's Arithmetic ; Colenso's 
 lAJgebra, or Todhunter's Algebra for Beginners ; Euclid (Potts's preferred) ; Corn- 
 tvell's School Geography ; Hewett's Colonies ; Collins's Selected Atlas ; Curtis's 
 School and College History ; Curtis's Outlines of English History ; Curtis's Chrono- 
 logical Tables ; Currie's Musical Analysis, Part I. ; Mann's Book of Health. 
 
 The first year's subjects for Females comprise Scripture, reading, writing, dictation, 
 grammar, geography, history, arithmetic, domestic economy, school management, 
 needlework, drawing, and music. The following are the principal text-books : — The 
 Bible, Morell's English Grammar, Curtis's Analysis, Comwell's School Geography 
 and Atlas, Hughes's Physical Geography, Curtis's School and College History, 
 Pearce and Hague's Outlines of English History, Tegetmeier's Domestic Economy, 
 Weber's Singing Method. 
 
 An Examination is conducted by the authorities of the College at Michaelmas, and 
 another by the Education Department in December. 
 
 7. Science Classes will be formed in Pure Mathematics, Inorganic Chemistry, 
 Theoretical Mechanics, and Animal Physiology. The entrance fee to the College 
 covers the admission to these Classes. The Examinations are conducted by the 
 Science and Art Department, and take place in May. 
 
 8. As soon as possible after the close of the second year. Schools are found at 
 which the period of probation may Se passed. Until the receipt of the parchment 
 which is given after two favourable inspections, with an interval of a year between 
 them. Students retained at the Society's Colleges are expected to submit to the 
 arrangeicents of the Committee, i.e. to take charge of any Schools to which they 
 may be appointed, and make no change without permission. 
 
 Secretary, Alfred Bourne, Esq., B.A., Borough Road, S.E. 
 
 NORMAL SCHOOLS. 
 
 The following is a List of some of the principal Nonnal Schools, for 
 Masters and Mistresses, with the names of the corresponding Secretaries. 
 For Masters (1) ; for Mistresses (2) ; for Masters and Mistresses (3). 
 
 British and Foreign School Society (3), Alfred Bourne, Esq., B.A., Borough 
 Road, S.E. (Borough Road and Stockwell Schools). 
 
 British and Foreign Society (i). Rev. D. Rowlands, Bangor. 
 
 Bristol, Glouckstkr, and Oxford Diocesan (2), Rev. W. Smith, Fishpond, 
 Bristol. 
 
 Chester Diocesan (i), The Very Rev. the Dean of Chester. 
 
 Chester Diocesan (2), Rev. Canon Hornby, Bury, Lancashire. 
 
 Cheltenham (Church of England) (3), Rev. R. M. Chamney, Cheltenham. 
 
 Chichester Diocesan (2), Rev. H. H. Wyatt, 84, Montpelier Road, Brighton. 
 
 Church of England (i). Rev. J. S. Boucher, Carnarvon. 
 
 Durham Diocesan (2), Rev. W. H. Walter, Durham. 
 
 Durham Diocesan (i). Rev. S. B. Smith, M.A., Durham. 
 
 Edinburgh (Scottish Episcopal) (2), Rev. C, Smith, Lochrin House, Edinburgh. 
 
 Edinburgh (Church of Scotland) (3), S. S. Laurie, Esq., 22, Queen Street, Edin- 
 burgh. 
 
 Edinburgh (Free Church) (3), A. Thomson, Esq., Edinburgh. 
 
 Exeter Diocesan (i). Rev. J. G. Dangar, Exeter. 
 
 Exeter Diocesan (2), C. Barham, Esq., Truro. 
 
 Glasgow (Church of Scotland) (3), J. Leitch, Esq., Dundas Vale, Glasgow. 
 
 Glasgow (Free Church) (3), W. Kidston, Esq., Glasgow. 
 
 Home and Colonial School Society (2), Rev. J. Joyce Evans, Gray's Inu 
 Road, AV.C. 
 
278 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 HOMERTON (Congregational) (3), Rev. W. Unwin, the College, Homerton, N.E. 
 
 Lichfield Diocesan (2), Rev. J. Latham, Little Eaton, Derby. 
 
 Lincoln Diocesan (2), Rev. Hector Nelson, Lincoln. 
 
 Liverpool (Catholic) (z), the Principal, 96, Mount Pleasant, Liverpool. 
 
 National Society (1), Rev. J. G. Cromwell, M.A., St. Mark's College, 
 
 Chelsea, S.W. 
 National Society (i), Rev. E. Daniel, Battersea, S."W. 
 National Society (i), Rev. H. Morris, Carmarthen. 
 National Society (2), Rev. H. Barber, Whitelands House, Chelsea, S.W. 
 Norwich Diocesan (2), Rev. W. C. Davie, Norwich. 
 Oxford Diocesan (i). Rev. J. Ridgway, Culham, Abingdon. 
 Peterborough (Church of England) (i), Rev. C. Daymond, Peterborough. 
 Rochester Diocesan (2), Rev. A. H. Blunt, Bishop's Stortford. 
 Salisbury Diocesan (2), Rev. W. D.Monice,LongbridgeDeveril], Warminster, "VV. 
 St. Mary's (Catholic) (i). Rev. T. Graham, Brook Green House, Hammersmith, W. 
 Westminster (Wesleyan) (3), Rev. W. G. Olver, Horseferry Road, W. 
 Winchester Diocesan (\), Rev. C. Collier, Training School, Winchester. 
 Worcester Diocesan (i). Rev. T. J. Haworth, Saltley, Birmingham. 
 York and Ripon Diocesan (i). Rev. G. Rowe, M.A., York. 
 York and Ripon Diocesan (2), Rev. E. B. Badcock, Ripon. 
 
 College of Preceptors, London. — Established 1846, and in- 
 corporated by Royal Charter 1849, for the purpose of promoting sound 
 Learning, and of advancing the interests of Education, especially among 
 the Middle Classes, by affording facilities to Teachers for acquiring a 
 knowledge of their profession, and by providing a competent Board of 
 Examiners to ascertain and give Certificates of the acquirements and 
 fitness for their office of persons engaged, or desiring to be engaged, in 
 the Education of Youth. The Charter empowers the College to hold 
 Examinations of Teachers and Schools, and to grant Diplomas 
 and Certificates to such persons as pass their Examinations satisfac- 
 torily. 
 
 To effect these objects, two plans of Examination have been esta- 
 blished, and have been working simultaneously : 
 
 I St. That of Teachers, to ascertain their qualifications and fitness 
 
 to take part in the work of instruction ; and 
 2nd. Of Pupils, to test their progress, and to afford at once to the 
 Teacher, and to the Public, a satisfactory criterion of the 
 value of the instruction they receive. 
 
 The Diplomas granted by the College to Teachers are of three grades, 
 viz., Associate, Licentiate, and Fellow. The qualifications required for 
 the grade of Associate are somewhat higher than those required by the 
 Committee of Council for Certificated Masters of the First Class ; and 
 those for the grades of Licentiate and Fellow correspond as nearly as 
 possible with those required for an Ordinary Degree and for an Honour 
 Degree in Arts, respectively, at the principal Universities of Great 
 Britain and Ireland. A distinctive feature of these Examinations is, 
 that in all cases the " Theory and Practice of Education " is an obli- 
 gatory subject for each grade. 
 
 Upwards of 500 Teachers, including Ladies, have been Examined, 
 and have received Diplomas which are recognised in America, France, 
 Belgium, and other Continental States, as qualifying the possessors to 
 engage in educational duties. 
 
 The Pupils' Examinations were established in the year 1854, four years 
 before the commencement of the University Local Examinations, and 
 
COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS. 279 
 
 two years before those instituted by the Society of Arts, both of which 
 may- justly be regarded as more or less the fruit of the efforts and 
 example of the College of Preceptors in leading the way in the improve- 
 ment of the Education of the Middle Classes. They have been carried 
 on periodically since that time with steadily-increasing success, and up 
 to 187 1 more than 10,000 Certificates have been awarded by the College 
 to successful Candidates. The number of Pupils Examined during the 
 year 1870 was about r,6oo ; and more than 150 Schools in various parts 
 of the country are in union with the College, and from time to time 
 send up Candidates for Examination. (For a List of the Schools in 
 union with the College see Appendix.) 
 
 The First Class Certificates awarded by the College are recognised by 
 her Majesty's Judges, and by the General Medical Council, as guarantees 
 of good general education ; and, consequently, the holders of them, 
 who may intend to enter the Legal and Medical professions, are 
 exempted from the necessity of submitting to the Preliminary Literary 
 Exarjiinations held by the Incorporated Law Society, and by the various 
 Medical Corporations of the United Kingdom. The Pharmaceutical 
 Society, and various other Examining Bodies, also recognise the College 
 Certificates in a similar manner. 
 
 The College of Preceptors also periodically conducts the Preliminary 
 Literary Examinations of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 
 established in accordance with the provisions of the Medical Act. 
 
 The Examinations, both of Teachers and Pupils, are open to both 
 SEXES. A large proportion of the Candidates at each Examination 
 for Diplomas consists of Ladies, and the number of Ladies' Schools in 
 connection with the College, sending Pupils as Candidates for Certi- 
 ficates, is at present considerable, and is gradually increasing. 
 
 The total number of persons Examined annually by the College, 
 including the Candidates at the three Examinations which have been 
 mentioned, each of which is held half-yearly, amounts to nearly 2,000. 
 
 Evening Meetings of the Members of the College are held monthly 
 (except during the Christmas and Midsummer Vacations), for the pur- 
 pose of reading and discussing papers upon subjects connected with 
 Education. 
 
 The Annual Subscription to the College is one guinea ; a single pay- 
 ment of ten guineas confers the privilege of Life Membership. All 
 persons engaged in Education are admissible as Members, subject to 
 election by the Council : but all Candidates are required to give evi- 
 dence of having passed an Examination satisfactory to the Council 
 before some recognised Examining Body, or, failing that, to pass an 
 Examination at the College. 
 
 EXAMINATIONS FOR DIPLOMAS. 
 
 1. Two Examinations of Teachers are held annually, viz., in the Midsummer and 
 Christmas vacations ; the former between the l8th of June and the I2th of July, the 
 latter between the 1 8th December and the I2fli January. 
 
 2. All Candidates shall, previously to being admitted to the Examinations, produce 
 such testimonials of character and practical ability in teaching as the Dean shall 
 consider satisfactory. 
 
 3. The grades in the College of Preceptors are Associate, Licentiate, and 
 Fellow. 
 
 4. Candidates for the Associateship must give evidence of ha^"ing had at least one 
 year's experience in Teaching ; Candidates for the Licentiateship, of having had two 
 
28o SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 years' experience ; and Caadidates for the Fellowship, of having had five years' 
 experience, before they caa be admitted to the Examination. 
 
 5. Every Candidate must pass in the under-mentioned subjects before receiving the 
 Diploma of Associate : — 
 
 (i.) Theory and Practice of Education, 
 (ii.) Scripture History, 
 (iii.) English Grammar and Composition, 
 (iv.) English History. 
 
 (v.) Geography, Political, Physical, and Mathematical, 
 (vi.) Mathematics. 
 
 (vii.) Latin or Greek ; or instead of either of tjiem, a Modern Foreign Language. 
 Women may substitute either the Tlieory of Music or Drawing for Algebra and 
 Euclid. (See Clause 15.) 
 
 6. All Candidates shall pay, previously to their first Examination, a fee of one guinea ; 
 half-a-guinea for each subsequent Examination; and the complement of five guineas 
 on the Associate's Diploma being granted. Every Associate shall be entitled to the 
 privilege of life-membership, on further payment of five guineas. 
 
 7. Every person who, having passed in the first or second class in the first five sub- 
 jects specified in Claiose 5, shafl pass in the first or second class in three of the subjects 
 in the following hst, shall be entitled to the Diploma of Licentiate : — 
 
 (i.) Aneient and Modem History, 
 (ii.) One Modem Language, or Hebrew. 
 (iii.) Classics, with the Mathematics of the third class, 
 (iv.) Mathematics, with the Classics of the third class. 
 
 "Women may substitute a Modem Foreign Language for either Greek or Latin, and 
 Music (Instramental and Theoretical), or Drawing, for Mathematics. 
 
 8. The fee to be paid for the Diploma of Licentiate shall be five guineas ; but in 
 the case of Candidates who have already taken up the Diploma of Associate, the fee 
 shall be two guineas. 
 
 9. Members who shall have taken up the Diploma of Licentiate, and shall pass in 
 the first class in Mathematics and in the second class in Classics, or -vice versa, and in 
 the second class in two of the following subjects, shall, on payment of five guineas, be 
 entitled to the Diploma of Ffllow : — 
 
 (i.) Moral and Political Philosophy. (iii.) Chemistry. 
 
 (ii.) Natural History. (iv.) Physiology. 
 
 10. The Midsummer Examination will commence on Tuesday, ■ — 
 
 and the Christmas Examination on Tuesday, ; and each Examina- 
 tion will, if necessary, be continued on the four following days. (The dates may be 
 ascertained by application to the Secretary.) 
 
 11. Candidates must give to the Secretary at least one month's notice of their 
 intention to present themselves for Examination, and must specify the particular sub- 
 jects and authors in which they wish to be Examined. 
 
 12. Candidates are not required to pass in all the subjects for a Diploma atone 
 Examination. 
 
 13. Candidates who pass will be placed in three Classes. In the Theory and Prac- 
 tice of Education, and in the Classical and Mathematical subjects, separate papers 
 will be set for each Class ; and Candidates who pass must obtain at least two-fifths of 
 the maximum number of marks awarded for the subject ; in each of the other subjects 
 one paper will be set, and those who obtain at least two-fifths of the marks assigned 
 to any subject will be placed in the third class ; those who gain three-fifths, in the 
 second ; and those who obtain four-fifths, in the first. 
 
 14. Candidates who, at the Examination for the Diploma of Associate, obtain a 
 higher class than a third in any subject, may omit that subject at the Examinations for 
 the higher Diplomas. 
 
 15. Candidates will be Examined, if they wish it, in Music and Drawing. The 
 regulations of the Examination in Drawing will be as follows : — 
 
 (a. ) Every Candidate must make a fair copy of a subject in outline, and also a 
 drawing from a gi"oup of common objects. 
 
 (J.) Every Candidate must answer questions on perspective, and show a satis- 
 factory knowledge of the common rules necessary for drawing objects in 
 perspective. 
 
 (c.) Oil and Water-colour painting may be added at the option of tliQ 
 Candidate. 
 
COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS. 28 r 
 
 I. — Subjects of Examination in the Theory and Practice of 
 Education. 
 
 1. — For the Third Class. (Associate's Diploma.) 
 
 Candidates must give evidence of having been at least one year engaged in tuition, 
 (i.) The Elements of Mental and' Moral Science.* — The Senses of Perception, 
 Phenomena of Consciousness, the Intellect, the Will, the Emotions, EiFects of Organ- 
 isation and Temperament, Theory of Moral Obligations. 
 
 (2.) Physiology* — Elementary Tissues, Food, Organs of Digestion, Respiration, 
 Circulation, and Assimilation, Structure and Action of the Nervous System. 
 
 (3.) Lesson-giiiing and Criticism of Methods. — The Candidate will be required — 
 {a.) To draw out a sketch of a lesson on some assigned subject. 
 (5.) To suggest and discuss cases of diiBculty in teaching and discipline, and 
 to propose and criticise methods. 
 
 2.— For the Second Class. 
 
 Candidates must give evidence of having been at least two years engaged in tuition. 
 
 (l.) Elements of Mental and Moral Science, as for the Third Class, with the Out- 
 lines of Logic. 
 
 (2.) Physiology, as for the Third Class, with special reference to the Physiology of 
 Health and Disease. 
 
 (3.) Lesson-giving and Criticism of Methods, as for the Third Class ; with a thesis 
 on the life, character, methods, and influence of some distinguished educator, to be 
 selected by the Candidate ; or a description of the organisation and methods of some 
 school of repute, derived from personal inspection and examination. 
 
 3. — For the First Class. 
 
 Candidates must give evidence of having been not less than five years engaged in 
 tuition. 
 
 (l.) Mental and Moral Science, including Logic. — An advanced knowledge. 
 
 (2.) Physiology. — An advanced knowledge. 
 
 (3.) Government of a School, inclMdiagjLessaa-^vmg, and School Organisation in 
 all its departments. 
 
 (4.) History of Education and Educational Methods, with studies of distinguished 
 Educators, English and Foreign ; and a Description and Discussion of the Methods 
 and Organisation of Schools and Colleges of note at home and abroad. 
 
 II. — Classical Subjects, 
 
 I,— For the Third Class. (Associate's Diploma.) 
 Any one of the following authors : — 
 
 Caesar, B. G. I.— III. Virgil, ^n. I.— III. Sallust, Catilina. 
 
 With simple Latin Prose Composition, and, at the option of the Candidate, the 
 Rudiments of Greek, with St. John's Gospel. 
 
 2. — For the Second Class. 
 Any one of the Latin, and any one of the Greek Authors following : — 
 
 Livy, XXI. & XXII. ; Cicero, De Senectute, or De Amicitia ; Horace, Odes. 
 Xenojjhon, Anab. I. — IV. ; Euripides, Medea ; Homer, Ihad, I. — III. 
 With Latin Composition, and, at the option of the Candidate, any book of the Greek 
 Testament. 
 
 3. — For the First Class. 
 
 One Prose and one Poetical Author in Latin, and similarly in Greek, selected from 
 the following : — 
 
 lAvy, XXL— XXV. ;. Cicero, Pro Lege Maniha; Virgil, Georgics ; Horace, 
 Satires and Epistles. 
 
 Demosthenes, De Corona; Thucydides, I. & II. ; Sophocles, CEdipus Rex; Aris- 
 tophanes, Nubes. With any book of the Greek Testament, at the option of the Can- 
 didate. Greek and Latin Composition. 
 
 • The extent of acquirement expected would be such as may be obtained by the 
 careful study of any elementary work which included the subjects above prescribed. 
 
2S2 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 All Candidates in Classics will be examined viva voce, as well as by Ex- 
 amination Papers ; and will be expected to answer Questions in Grammar, History, 
 Geography, &c., arising out of the passages in which they are examined. 
 
 III. — Mathematical Subjects. 
 
 I. — For the Third Class. ' (Associate's Diploma.) 
 
 Arithmetic. 
 
 The first four Books of Euclid, with deductions. 
 
 Algebra, including Quadratic Equations. 
 
 z. — For the Second Class. 
 
 Arithmetic and Algebra. 
 
 Euclid, Books I.— IV. & VI. 
 
 Plane Trigonometry, with the Theory of Logarithms. 
 
 Conic Sections. , 
 
 3. — For the First Class. 
 
 The following subjects in addition to those required for the Second Class : — 
 Spherical Trigonometry and the Elements of the Differential and Integral Calculus. 
 Statics and Dynamics. 
 The Elements of Astronomy, Hydrostatics, and Optics. 
 
 IV. — Modern Foreign Languages. 
 I. — For the Third Class. (Associate's Diploma.) 
 
 Correct Pronunciation, tested by reading aloud. 
 General Knowledge of Grammar. 
 Translation of Prose into English. 
 Translation into the Foreign Language, &c. 
 
 2. — For the Second Class. 
 
 Correct Pronunciation, tested by reading aloud, and by Conversation. 
 Thorough Knowledge of Grammar. 
 Translation of Prose and Verse into English. 
 Translation into the Foreign Language. 
 
 3. — For the First Class. 
 
 The following subjects in addition to those required for the Second Class : — 
 Original Composition in the Foreign Language. 
 General Knowledge of the Literature of the Foreign Language. 
 Candidates being Members of the College may be examined, and may obtain Cer- 
 tificates for Special Proficiency in any of the foregoing subjects. The fee for such 
 Examination shall be two guineas. 
 
 In all the subjects of Examination, questions will be put on their application to the 
 Principles and Methods of Education. 
 
 Regulations respecting Admission to Membership. 
 
 1. All persons not being under eighteen years of age, who have passed the Exa- 
 minations hereafter specified, or such other Examinations as the Council shall from 
 time to time appoint or recognise, are admissible as Members of the College : — 
 
 (a.) Matriculation and all higher Examinations in any University of Great 
 Britain, Ireland, or the Colonies. 
 
 (i.) Examinations for Diplomas at Foreign Universities. 
 
 \c.) Foreign State Examinations for licenses to teach. 
 
 (d.) The Senior Local Examinations held by the Universities of Great Britain. 
 
 (e.) The Examinations for the First-class Certificates of the College of 
 Preceptors. 
 
 (y.) The Examinations recognised by the General Medical Council as exempt- 
 ing Candidates from the Preliminary Literaiy Examinations of the 
 various Medical Corporations. 
 
 (^.) The Examinations held by the Committee of Council on Education for 
 Government Certificates. 
 
 2. Candidates who shall not be able to produce Certificates of having passed one or 
 other of the above-mentioned Examinations will be required to pass an Examination 
 
COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS. 283 
 
 in all the subjects required for the Diploma of Associate, excepting the " Theory and 
 Practice of Education." 
 
 Candidates must pass in all the subjects at one Examination. 
 
 Regulations respecting the Examination of Pupils of Schools. 
 
 1. The fees to be paid for the Pupils of Members of the College are los. each ; for 
 Pupils of Non-members, 15s. each. The fees must be paid seven clear days at least 
 before the commencement of the Examinations. 
 
 2. In the case of Pupils examined elsewhere than in the College Rooms, the Can- 
 didates, during the Examination, will be under the exclusive superintendence of Sub- 
 Examiners to be appointed by the Dean. 
 
 3. The fee for superintendence by a Sub-Examiner is one guinea per diem, which 
 is to be paid to the Secretary of the College at the same time as the Pupils' fees men- 
 tioned in the ist Clause ; but when fifty Candidates at least are examined together, 
 or when the Principal or Local Committee guarantee the payment of £2^ at least in 
 Pupils' fees, no charge will be made for superintendence. 
 
 4. No fees will be returned in any case. 
 
 3. On the application of two or more Teachers, the Council will authorise the 
 formation of Local Centres, at which all the Candidates belonging to Schools in or 
 near the respective localities may be examined together. In such cases, the local 
 arrangements must be made, and their expenses defrayed, by those whose Pupils are 
 so examined. 
 
 6. Blank forms wiU be furnished to the Principals of Schools on application at the 
 Office : in these the names of the Pupils proposed to be submitted to Examination, 
 the subjects in which they are to be Examined, the Classes of Certificates for which 
 they are Candidates, and information on all the other points therein indicated, must 
 be accurately entered. 
 
 7. The forms so filled up must be sent to the Secretary at least one month before the 
 day appointed for the commencement of the Examinations, which will be held simul- 
 taneously in London and in othef places ; and each subject must in all cases be taken 
 in the order, at the times, and for the periods specified in tlie Time-Table provided 
 for the Examinations. 
 
 8. In the year 1872 the Midsummer Examination will commence on or about the 
 gth of May, and the Christmas Examination on or about the 14th of November. 
 
 9. Five Classes of Certificates will be awarded, viz. : — First Class, Second Class, 
 Higher Commercial, Lower Commercial, Third Class. Each Class will be divided 
 into three divisions, according to the following scale of marks awarded : — 
 
 First Class and Higher Commercial : — First Division, all whose marks are 
 800 and upwards ; Second Division, all whose marks are not less than 700, 
 and under. 800 ; Third Division, all whose marks are above 600, and 
 under 700. 
 Second Class and Lower Commercial :■ — First Division, all whose marks are 
 600 and upwards ; Second Division, all whose marks are not less than 500, 
 and under 600 ; Third Division, all whose marks are not less than 400, and 
 under 500. 
 Third Class : — First Division, all whose marks are 400 and upwards ; Second 
 Division, all whose marks are not less than 300, and under 400 ; Third 
 Division, all whose marks are not less than 200, and under 300. 
 ID. No Candidate will pass who in any one of the obligatory subjects obtains less 
 than one-fifth of the marks assigned to it ; or the total of whose marks falls below the 
 minimum for passing, as stated in p. 284 ; each foreign language paper will be divided 
 into three parts — (i.) Translation into English ; (ii.) Grammatical Questions ; (iii.) 
 Translation from English into the Foreign Language ; and Candidates must satisfy 
 the Examiners in two at least out of the three parts, or their marks will not be 
 reckoned. 
 
 11. If the marks awarded to a Candidate's answers to any paper fall below one-fifth 
 of the maximum assigned to that paper, they will not be reckoned. 
 
 12. In the awarding of marks, importance will be attached to legible and neat 
 writing and to correct spelling. 
 
 13. Candidates may answer papers set for a higher class of Certificate than that for 
 which they are entered, provided the subjects in which they wish to do so are specified 
 in the form sent in by their Teachers. 
 
 14. Candidates will not be allowed to take a paper set for a Imaer class than that 
 for which they come up. Should answers to such lower papers be sent in, no marks 
 will be awarded to them. 
 
284 
 
 SO?fS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Table of Obligatory Subjects and Marks. 
 
 THIRD CLASS. 
 
 English Grammar 
 
 Outlines of English History, 
 to the end of the 17 th 
 century 
 
 Geography of Europe, and 
 especially of the British 
 Isles 
 
 .Arithmetic 
 
 SECOND CLASS. 
 
 English Grammar, with 
 Analysis of Sentences 
 and Composition 
 
 Outlines of English History, 
 to the end of the i8th 
 century 
 
 Geography 
 
 Arithmetic 
 
 Algebra (including Sim- \ 
 pleEquations) or Euclid J ' 
 (Book I.) ) 
 
 Foreign Languages : t 
 
 (i.) Latin 
 
 ^ii.) French 
 
 (lii.) German 
 
 (iv.) Spanish 
 
 (v.) Italian 
 
 FIRST CLASS. 
 
 English Grammar, with 
 Analysis of Sentences and 
 Composition, and Out- 
 lines of the History of 
 English Literature frqm 
 Chaucer to Spenser .... 
 
 English History, with special 
 reference to the period 
 from the Conquest to the 
 death of Richard III. . . 
 
 Geography (including Phy- 
 sical and Mathematical) . . 
 
 Arithmetic 
 
 Algebra (including Quadra- 
 tic Equations) 
 
 Euclid (Books I. and II.) . . 
 
 Latin 
 
 Foreign Languages : t 
 
 (i.) French 
 
 (ii.) German 
 
 (iii.) Spanish 
 
 (iv.) Italian 
 
 (v.) Greek 
 
 Marks, 
 
 100 
 100 
 
 150 
 
 ISO 
 ISO 
 200 
 
 ISO 
 
 200 
 200 
 200 
 200 
 200 
 
 200 
 200 
 
 200 
 200 
 250 
 
 200 
 200 
 200 
 200 
 200 
 
 ALL CLASSES. 
 
 Scripture History 
 
 Trigonometry 
 
 Natural Philosophy 
 
 Chemistry 
 
 Natural History : J 
 
 (i.) Physiology 
 
 ^li,) Zoology 
 
 (lii.) Botany 
 
 Political Economy 
 
 Book-keeping 
 
 Mensuration 
 
 Music (theoretical) 
 
 Drawing : § 
 
 (i.) From the Flat 
 
 (ii.) From Models 
 
 (iii.) In Colours 
 
 (iv.) Geometrical Draw- 
 ing: 
 Linear Geometry 
 Linear Perspective 
 Mechanical 
 
 Marks, 
 Zrdor 
 
 Class. 
 
 100 
 150 
 iqo 
 ioo 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 ISO 
 ISO 
 100 
 
 75 
 100 
 
 125 
 
 75 
 100 
 
 TOO 
 
 Mark?. 
 
 ■Lsi 
 Class. 
 
 150 
 200 
 I. SO 
 ISO 
 
 ISO 
 ISO 
 150 
 
 ISO, 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 ISO 
 
 75 
 100 
 
 I2S 
 
 75 
 100 
 100 
 
 Third Class Papers in Foreign Languages 
 will be set for Third Class Candidates. 
 The maximum for each Paper will be 
 150 marks. 
 
 * Only one of these is obligatory. 
 
 t Only one of these is obligatory. 
 
 % No Candidate will be ejamined in 
 more than one branch of Natural History. 
 
 § No Candidate will be examined in 
 more than two kinds of Drawing, any or 
 all of the subjects under the head " Geo- 
 metrical Dra-«-ing " counting as one of 
 them. The greatest number of marks that 
 can be awarded to any Candidate is 150; 
 no Candidate will pass (whether examined 
 in one or two kinds of Drawing) who ob- 
 tains less than 30 marks ; and no Special 
 Certi6cate will be awarded for less than 
 90 marks. 
 
COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS. 28s 
 
 15. Any Candidate who fails to obtain the Certificate for which he has been 
 Examined may receive such other Certificate as his marks entitle him to. 
 
 16. Twelve Prizes are given at each Examination for the Candidates who obtain 
 the first and second places respectively upon the First Class Papers in the following 
 subjects, viz. : — 
 
 Classics. 
 
 Mathematics — ^including Algebra, Arithmetic, Euclid, Trigonometry (three of 
 these subjects at least to be taken). 
 
 Modern Languages. 
 
 Natural Sciences — including Chemistry, Natural History, and Natural Philo- 
 sophy. 
 
 English Subjects — ^including English Grtammar, English History, and Geo- 
 graphy (the three being regarded as one whole). 
 
 General Proficiency. (The greatest total of marks.) 
 Prizes will not be awarded, except to the holders of General Certificates obtained at 
 the same Examination. 
 
 17. Principals are furnished with complete, statements of the number of marks 
 obtained by their Pupils in every subject of Examination. 
 
 18. The names of the Candidates who obtain the first and second places in each 
 subject, on First Class Papers, will be published in the Educational Times. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 1. In the case of all i'lSOTa/e Candidates, Algebra, Geometry, and Latin are optional ; 
 but such Candidates must be Examined in as many subjects as are required of other 
 Candidates, and must in all cases take the papers of the class for which they are 
 entered, or those of a higher class, as prescribed in Regulation 13. 
 
 2. Third Class. — Candidates must pass in at least six subjects ; and no Candidate 
 will be Examined in more than eight subjects. The Latin Examination is in Caesar, 
 B. G. Lib. I. cap. i — 29, or Phaedrus, Lib. I. and II., with simple Sentences and 
 Grammatical Questions. The Arithmetic embraces the first four Rules, Simple and 
 Compound, Vulgar Fractions, and the Rule of Three. The minimum total of marks 
 for passing is 200. 
 
 3. Second Class. — Candidates must pass in at least seven subjects ; and no Can- 
 didate will be Examined in more than ten subjects. The Latin Examination is in 
 Caesar, B. G. Lib. I. or II., or in one of the first two books of Virgil's .^neid, with 
 short and easy passages from other Latin authors. Simple English sentences for 
 translation into Latin will also be given ; and the Examination Papers will contain 
 Grammatical and other Questions arising out of the passages set for translation into 
 English. The minimum total of marks for passing is 400. 
 
 4. First Class. — Candidates must pass in at least nine subjects ; and no Candi- 
 date will be Examined in more than thirteen subjects. The Latin Examination is in 
 any two of the following works, one prose, the other poetical : Caesar, B. G. I. and 
 II., or IV. and V. ; Sallust, Caiilina; Virgil, .^neid, one of the first three books ; 
 Cicero, De Senectute ; and Horace, Odes, Lib. I. or III. The Greek Examination 
 is in any one of the following books, viz., Xenophon, Anab. Lib. 1. ; St. Luke's 
 Gospel ; the Acts ; Euripides, Medea ; Homer, Hiad, B. I. The particular authors 
 selected must be specified in the returns sent in by the Principal of eaoh school. 
 Latin and Greek Prose Composition of a simple Idnd is required ; and the Examina- 
 tion Papers will contain Grammatical and other Questions arising out of the passages , 
 selected for translation, as well as short and easy passages for translation from authors 
 not herein specified. Half the total of marks (H*^) will be assigned to each of the two 
 Latin Papers ; and a minimum of one-fifth must be obtained in both. The minimum 
 total of marks for passing is 600. 
 
 5. Lower Commercial. — The papers are the same as those set for Second Class 
 Candidates. Candidates must pass in at least seven subjects, and no Candidate will 
 be examined in more than ten subjects. English Grammar, English History, Geo- 
 graphy, Arithmetic, and either Algebra or Euclid, are obligatory. The remaining 
 subjects may be selected at the option of the Candidates, from among those specified 
 in the above Table. The minimum total of marks for passing is 400. 
 
 6. Higher Commercial. — Candidates must pass in at least nine subjects ; and no 
 Candidate will be Examined in more than thirteen subjects. The papers are the same 
 as those set for First Class Certificates. English Language and Literature, English 
 History, Geography, Arithmetic, Algebra, and Euclid are obligatory. The remain- 
 ing subjects may be selected at the option of the Candidates. The minimum total of 
 marks for passing is 600. 
 
z86 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 7. Special Certificates in any subject of Examination will be granted to Can- 
 didates who, on First Class Papers, obtain at least three-fifths of the total number of 
 marks assigned to the subject. 
 
 8. Honour Certificates mil be granted to Candidates who have qualified them- 
 selves for Special Certificates in the following groups of subjects : — 
 
 I. Classics. — Latin and -Greek. 
 
 II. Mathematics. — Any three of the following subjects : Arithmetic, Algebra, 
 Euclid, Trigonometry. 
 
 III. Modern Languages. — Any two of the following subjects : French, Ger- 
 
 man, Italian, Spanish. 
 
 IV. English Subjects. — Grammar, English History, Geography. 
 
 V. Natural Sciences. — Chemistiy, NaturalHistory, Natural Philosophy. 
 
 9. Special and Honour Certificates will not be granted except to holders of General 
 Certificates. 
 
 For Schools Examined both by Printed Papers and by Visiting 
 Examiners. 
 In these cases Certificates are granted on precisely the same conditions as those 
 laid down in reference to Schools Examined by printed papers only; the Examiners' 
 reports on the Candidates' written answers to the Examination Papers alone deter- 
 mining the awarding or the withholding of Certificates. 
 
 For Schools Examined by Visiting Examiners only. 
 
 Visiting Examiners have no power to grant Certificates ; but they will furnish 
 written reports of the results of the Examinations to the Dean ; and copies of such 
 reports, will be sent to the Principals of the, Schools so Examined. 
 
 Regulations of the Agency Department. 
 
 1 . The College Registers are open for the reception of applications firom the Prin- 
 cipals of Schools and others who may require Assistants, Tutors, or Governesses; and 
 also from Ladies and Gentlemen desirous of obtaining engagements as Assistants in 
 Schools, or as Tutors or Governesses in Private Families. 
 
 2. Blank Forms for the entry of aU necessary particulars are furnished on application 
 to the Secretary, and such Forms, when filled up, are copied in the Register. 
 
 3. Applicants for employment are required to furnish two copies of their Testi- 
 monials, and to give the names and addresses of their Employers, if any, during 4lie 
 preceding three years. 
 
 4. The commission to be paid by any person, not a Member of the College, on 
 obtaining an engagement, is five per cent, on a year's salary ; or, in the case of tem- 
 porary engagements, five per cent, upon the amount actually paid to the Teacher ; 
 but in no case will the fee be less than half-a-guinea. No resident engagement last- 
 ing more than two months will be considered as temporary. The fee payable by 
 Members is los. only. 
 
 5. All fees must be paid as soon as the engagement is made; otherwise the 
 Teacher is required to sign an order on the Employer for the amount. 
 
 6. Abstracts of the entries in the Registers, but without names, are printed in the 
 Educational Times every month, for circulation among the Members of the College 
 and of the Scholastic Profession generally. 
 
 7. A copy of _ the Testimonials and the addresses of any Teachers, selected from 
 these monthly lists, will be sent to those who may apply for them ; but the Testi- 
 monials must be returned to the College by the third day from that on which they 
 are issued. 
 
 8. Principals may, on payment of a fee of one guinea, have the qualifications of 
 Assistants tested to a certain extent by an Officer of the Corporation. 
 
 9. Every facility is afforded for interviews between Principals, and Assistants at the 
 College Offices. ' 
 
 10. Immediate information of the conclusion of engagements must be sent to the 
 Secretary ; and any one who fails to reply to communications from the Office for the 
 space of one week is assumed to have entered into an engagement, and his or her 
 name is struck out of the Register. 
 
 Dean, G. A. Jacob, D.D. 
 Secretary, John R. O'Niel, M.A. 
 42, Queen Square, W.C. 
 
FREE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND NORMAL SCHOOLS. 287 
 
 Church of Scotland Training Colleges.— The Entrance 
 Examination is held annually at the Edinburgh and Glasgow Train- 
 ing Colleges in the month of December, by the Government Edu- 
 cation Department. All intending Students, whether Candidates for 
 Bursaries or not, must present themselves at the Entrance Examination 
 in December, and must previously intimate their intention to do so on 
 or before the ist of November in each year. Along with the intimation, 
 a Certificate from the Minister of the Parish in which the Candidates 
 reside, or the Correspondent of the School • in which they have served 
 their apprenticeship, must be sent. The Bursaries are now thrown open 
 to all young persons in connection with the Church of Scotland, whether 
 they have been Pupil Teachers or not. Candidates who have not been 
 Piipil Teachers must be above eighteen years of age, and send a Certi- 
 ficate thereof. From among those returned by the Privy Council as 
 having passed the Examination successfully, 30 Male and 15 Female 
 Candidates will be admitted to each Training College, and receive 
 (during good conduct, and provided they make satisfactory progress in 
 their studies) a Bursary from the Education Committee of the Church of 
 Scotland, which will amount to ;^2o in the case of the Male Students, 
 and ;^8 in the case of the Female Students. Fifteen Female Students 
 will be admitted at their own charges in addition to the Bursars, but 
 subject to the same conditions in all respects. The Education is free to 
 all those admitted. 
 
 Successful Candidates, to the number specified above, will be ad- 
 mitted only on their being certified to be in vigorous health, and on 
 their signing a stringent obligation by which they will undertake to 
 complete a two years' course at the Training College (should the Com- 
 mittee see fit to prolong their attendance for two years), and imme- 
 diately thereafter to serve in an Elementary School under inspection 
 until they have received from the Education Department, London, their 
 parchment certificates, which are issued after two years' service in a 
 school. Students breaking this obligation will, besides incurring other 
 penalties, be required to repay the full amount of the Bursaries paid to 
 them by the Committee. In the event of a Student's health failing, his 
 Bursary may be suspended or withdrawn. 
 
 Fees. — All Students are required to pay;^z each as a "contribution to the Book 
 Fund of the Training Colleges, in return for which all the books they require will be 
 given to them by the Committee. This payment must be made by all, whether tlie 
 books are taken or not. 
 
 In Edinburgh the successful Female Candidates will be allowed the full equivalent 
 of the Bursaries in the form of board and lodging in the Boarding-House, 12, Picardy 
 Place — that is, they will be boarded, lodged, &c., formic per aimum. Nou-bursars 
 in the Boarding-House pay ^^18 per annum. 
 
 The names of the Secretaries in Glasgow and Edinburgh firom whom 
 further information may be obtained will be found in page 277. 
 
 Free Church of Scotland Normal Schools. — Candidates 
 for admission to the Normal Schools must produce from the Minister 
 a satisfactory Certificate of moral character, and a Certificate of good 
 health from a Medical Practitioner. All Candidates for Scholarships 
 must pass the Examination for Admission held annually in December, 
 by her Majesty's Inspectors, at the Normal Schools ; and the Examina- 
 tion in Religious Knowledge, appointed by the Education Committee 
 
288 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 of the Free Church: Candidates who have not been Pupil Teachers 
 must have completed their eighteenth year. 
 
 The annual Examinations for admission usually commence about the 
 middle of December, and continue for three or four days. One day is 
 devoted to Examination in Religious Knowledge, which is confined 
 to simple questions on the Old and New Testaments, and on the 
 Shorter Catechism. While the Scholarships are granted on the result 
 of the Examination to be held by her Majesty's Inspectors, the Com- 
 mittee retain the power of withholding a Scholarshap from any Can- 
 didate who does not show due proficiency in Religious Knowledge. 
 The subjects of Examination by her Majesty's Inspectors are the same 
 as those required at the end of a Pupil Teacher's apprenticeship, viz. : — 
 Reading, English Grammar, Dictation, Writing, Composition, Arithmetic, 
 Elements of Geography and British History, Music, and School Manage- 
 ment ; with, for young men, EucHd (Book I.) and Latin Grammar, and 
 for Female Candidates, Domestic Economy and Sewing. (The more 
 important subjects are printed in italics.) 
 
 Besides continuing the Scholarships of the Second-year Students, and providing for 
 several .Students who attended during Session 1871 at their own expense, in the ex- 
 pectation of obtaining Scholarships for their second year, the Education Committee 
 are to grant, in 1872, Scholarships : — 
 
 At Edinburgh for Young Men Twelve of ^ 24 each. 
 
 ,, ,, Eighteen of ^20 ,, 
 
 „ for Female Students .... Seven of £\% ,, 
 
 ,. ,. Thirteen of ^15 .. 
 
 At Glasgow for Young Men Ten of £2\ „ 
 
 ,, „ Eighteen of ^^20 „ 
 
 ,, for Female Students Five of ;^i'8 ,, 
 
 ' „ Thirteen of /15 „ 
 
 Female Students, holding' Scholarships of the Edinburgh Normal School, whose 
 Parents or Guardians are not resident in Edinburgh, must reside in the Boarding 
 Establishment attached to tlie School. 
 
 The value of the Scholarship depends on the place gained by the Student at the 
 Examination, but for the second year those Students only who at the end of one 
 year's training pass in the First or Second Division will receive Scholarships of the 
 higher value. A Scholarship is liable to be forfeited at any time if an unsatisfactory 
 report regarding conduct or progress is made to the Committee by the Rector and 
 Masters. 
 
 All Students obtaining Scholarships are required — 
 
 (l.) To declare in writing their intention, btma fide, to adopt and follow the 
 profession of Teaching in Elementary Schools, and to bind themselves 
 to repay the Scholarship, in the event of their not doing so. 
 (2.) To engage to attend the Norriial School for two years. 
 (3.) To engage to purdhase the Books and Stationery required during their 
 course of Study through the authorities of the Schools. 
 Printed forms, embodying these conditions, wiU be furnished to the suc- 
 cessful Candidates after the Examination. 
 No Pupil-Teacher who has deserted the service can compete for a Scholarship. 
 Candidates for Admission who pass the Examination, but do not get Bursaries, 
 may obtain Scholarships for a second year's attendance. 
 
 The Fees of Students for the Session are — For Males, Three Guineas ; for Females, 
 Two Guineas. 
 
 Students who, during their two years' training, have given proof of distinguished 
 ahiEty in Classics or SXathematics, combined with superior teaching power, may, 
 should the Education Committee of the Free Church see fit, be encouraged to con- 
 tinue their Studies in these subjects at one of the Universities, with a view of still 
 further preparing themselves for their duties as Teadiers. 
 
 PKEPARATOK.Y CLASSES Will be formed in Edinburgh and in Glasgow fot the pur- 
 pose of preparing Candidates to pass the Entrance Examination. For information 
 regarding these Classes, application ghould be made to the Rectors. 
 
ST. NICHOLAS' COLLEGE. 289 
 
 BoARDiNG-HouSE IN EDINBURGH. — If the whole accommodation is not required 
 for the holders of Scholarships, other Female Students or Pupil-Teachers may be 
 received as Boarders. Application to be made to, and terms ascertained from, Miss 
 Smith, Lady Superintendent, 8, St. John Street, ^Edinburgh. A list of respectable 
 families who provide Lodgings at a moderate charge is kept at the Normal Schools, 
 both in Edinburgh and Glasgow. These Lod^ngs are open to the inspection of the 
 Rector and Superintendent, or of any Member of the Committee. 
 
 Applications for admission require to be forwarded, on or before 
 the I St of December, to the Rector, P'ree Church Normal School, 
 Edinburgh, or to the Rector, Free Church Normal School, Glasgow. 
 
 St. Nicholas' College consists of a Provost and Fellows, who 
 administer Three Large Schools in Sussex, in which Boys of various 
 ranks receive a good Education, according to their probable calling in 
 life, and are brought up under sound Church-of-England influences and 
 principles. At Lancing, the seat of the College, the Sons of Gentle- 
 men are prepared for the Universities and the higher Professions. At 
 HuRSTPiERPOiNT a superior Commercial Education is given to the Sons 
 of Farmers and well-to-do Tradesmen, and others. At Ardingly 
 Education is provided for a poorer class on very moderate terms. 
 
 The following Exhibitions have been founded in connection with 
 the Lancing College : — An Exhibition of the value of 30 gs. per 
 annum, open for Competition to all boys under fourteen years of 
 age, and tenable, with good conduct, until the Exhibitioner leaves the 
 School. An Exhibition of the value of 18 gs. per annum. An Exhi- 
 bition of the value of 24 gs. per annum, open for Competition to all boys, 
 not in the School, who are under twelve years of age, and tenable at 
 the School, with good conduct, for three years. An Exhibition of the 
 value of 13 gs. per annum, open and tenable as No. 3. 
 
 The inclusive cost at Lancing is 65 gs. in the School House ; 75 gs. 
 in the Master's House ; and 85 gs. in the Head Master's House. 
 
 It has for several yeai s been a question among public men and thoughtful citizens, 
 how to supply a sound education, on public school principles, for the large portion of 
 our population between the gentry on the one side and the labourers on the other. 
 In the year 1848, the Rev. N. Woodard gathered together clergymen and others into 
 a Society called " St. Nicholas' College," which charges itself with the education of 
 the sons of the middle classes in the plain and bonafi^ spirit of the English Church, 
 and at such terms as will make education generally available to them. The Society 
 consists of a Provost, Fellows, Associates, University Exhibitioners, and Scholars. 
 Instruction is given by the Fellows and other Masters ; they are assisted in the moral 
 and religious discipline of the School by Chaplains responsible to the Provost. 
 St. Nicholas' College was enrolled under a Trust, for the puipose of promoting and 
 extending education among the Middle Classes in her Majesty's dominions, and 
 especially among the poorer members of those classes, in the doctrines and principles 
 of the Church now established, as set forth in the Book of Commoii Prayer and 
 administration of the Sacraments, and other rites and ceremonies of the said Church ; 
 and it is intended that the operations of the said Society shall be carried on by, means 
 of Colleges and Schools established, and to be established, in various places ; no 
 such College or School to be founded or opened without the permission of the Bishop 
 of the Diocese within which the same may be situate ; the education in such Colleges 
 and Schools to be conducted by Clergymen and Laymen in communion with the 
 said Church. And it has been determined that such Colleges or Schools shall 
 be of three distinct grades or classes — the first for the Sons of Clergymen and 
 other Gentlemen ; the second for the Sons of substantial Tradesmen, Farmers, 
 Clerks, and others of similar station ; and the third for the Sons of petty Shop- 
 keepers, skilled Mechanics, and other persons of very small means, who have at 
 present no opportunity of procuring for their children better instruction than is given 
 m parochial and other primary schools ; and that the charges in all Schools shidl be 
 
 U 
 
290 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 on as moderate a scale as the means of the Society will allow, and particularly that 
 the maximum charges of Schools of the third class shall be so fixed, that the boys in 
 such last-mentioned Schools shall be boarded and educated for a sum-very little (if at 
 all) exceeding what it would cost the Parents to provide them with food at home. 
 
 The scheme thus proposed has been submitted to the Universities of Oxford and 
 Cambridge, by means of the public meetings, presided over by their respective Vice- 
 Chancellors ; as well as to a meeting in London, presided over by his Grace the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, and has been approved by the adoption on each of these 
 occasions of the following Resolution : — 
 
 "That the Society termed ' Saint Nicholas' College,' founded in 1848, for the pro- 
 motion of public school education among the upper, the middle, and the lower 
 middle classes, and' which already conducts three large schools of these several 
 classes, is de&ervimg of piiblic support for the extension of its operations." 
 
 The Schools referred to as in existence are — 
 
 I. St. Nicholas' College, Lancing, where the Sons of Gentlemen are educated, 
 at a cost of ^^55 to ^^85 per annum. Here are very extensive buildings erected and 
 in progress ; and such a School must soon yield a surplus income, which will be 
 applied to multiplying other Schools elsewhere. 
 
 II. 'St. John's College, Hurstpierpoint, where a good classical and commercial 
 education is given to more than 300 boys, who are instructed and boarded at a cost 
 of 27 to 30 'guineas. 
 
 This College also includes a Training School for Commercial Schoolmasters ; 
 terms ;f 27 per annum; a Special School for youths preparing as Civil Engineers, 
 Surveyors, Architects, &c. ; terms 45 guineas per annum ; and a Servitors' School 
 for poor boys going to household service ; terms £%, to £\o per annum. 
 
 III. St. Saviour's School, Ardingly, where nearly 400 boys, Sons of Trades^ 
 men, small Farmers, Mechanics, and others of limited means, are boarded and 
 educated at 14 guineas per annum, an expense little exceeding the cost of food, but 
 sufficient to make the school self-supporting. 
 
 IV. St. Michael's Schools, Bognor (for Girls). These Schools comprise {d) an 
 Upper School for the Daughters of 'Gentlemen ; terms 40 to 60 guineas. (V) A 
 Middle School for the Daughters of Professional Men of moderate means. Farmers, 
 and Tradesmen ; terms 1 7 to 2 1 guineas, (c) A Lower Middle School, for the training 
 of Domestic Servants ; terms ^12 to ;^I4 per annum. 
 
 A Preparatory School for little boys above six years of age, entering Lancing or 
 Hurstpierpoint, is established at Ditchling, terms 26- to 38 guineas. 
 
 Scholarships have been provided in the different Schools for the relief of the 
 deserving, and the encouragement of learning. 
 
 There are also certain Exhibitions in the Training College at Hurstpierpoint which 
 afford an opening to Holy Orders, valuable to many meritorious persons, especially to 
 the sons of the very poor Clergy, 
 
 At Annual Speech Day at Lancing College, in 187 1, the Lord Bishop 
 of the Diocese, after distributing the Prizes, said : — 
 
 Nothing could be more wonderful to witness than the School at Ardingly : to see 
 a number of boys there gathered together, principally from the large towns, and 
 especially from London, sons of the working classes, in many instances of well-paid 
 artisans, to see them with the appearance and demeanour of gentlemen, having that 
 great advantage of being taught by educated gentlemen ; Christian gentlemen, thus 
 lifting them as it were out of that narrow sphere in which they were bom, to a region 
 of thought, and presenting to them opportunities which they could not othei-wise have 
 obtained. If they would leaven the class of people whom they were making their 
 governors, they must teach them in their youth. Hitherto this had been neglected : 
 it had been left to private speculation ; but, if Englishmen would study and support 
 the class of schools instituted by the Provost in Sussex, they would be provided with 
 the kind of instruction which the middle classes would eagerly seek after, and thus a 
 leaven would be thrown into the middle classes, which would conduce to the benefit 
 of the whole nation. (Hear, hear.) It was also a gi-eat thing to find the School at 
 Lancing acting as a nourisher and feeder of all the other establishments. Young men 
 from here, wherever tliey went, must carry with them a desire to forward this system 
 of Christian Education most entirely, and with his whole heart he commended these 
 Schools to the earnest good-will, sympathy, and support of them all. No one could 
 come within these walls without feeling that the education provided for the children 
 of the rich, and elsewhere for the children of the poor and middle classes, was such as 
 they could wish all their children should enjoy. 
 
ARMY SCHOOLMASTERS' TRAINING SCHOOLS. 29 r 
 
 Further particulars respecting either of the allied Schools may be 
 obtained upon application to Henry Tritton, Esq., Treasurer, 
 32, Portland Place, London, W. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. R. E. Sanderson, M.A., 
 Laiicing College, near Shoreham. 
 
 Army Schoolmasters' Training Schools, Chelsea.—. 
 Candidates for appointment as Army Schoolmasters must undergo a 
 Course of Training in the Model School, in connection with the 
 Royal Military Asylum, Chelsea. The following persons are 
 eligible to become Candidates : — Non-commissioned Officers and Pri- 
 vates of the Army who are recommended by their Commanding Officers; 
 Civihan Pupil Teachers who have completed their Apprenticeship ; and 
 Certified Schoolrnasters. A Umited number of Pupil Teachers, either 
 Soldiers or Civilians, will be admitted into the Model School between 
 seventeen and nineteen years of age. If found physically fit, they will be 
 examined in the subjects named below, as far as and including Arith- 
 metic. Should the number of Candidates exceed the number of Vacan- 
 cies, those who pass highest on the list will be selected for admission. 
 The salary of selected Pupil Teachers will be 6d. per diem while 
 serving in the Model School, Soldiers will be entitled to their regi- 
 mental pay, subject to a deduction of 6d per day for their messing. At 
 the age of twenty they will compete with other Candidates for admission 
 into the Normal School. 
 
 Candidates for Schoolmasterships must be in good health, free from any defect of 
 vision or voice, and from any physical deformity. They must be between twenty and 
 twenty-Jive years of age on the day of Examination, and not under 5 feet 5 inches in 
 height. 
 
 Their admission to the Schools is determined by the result of a competitive Exa- 
 mination, held at the Royal Military Asylum, Chelsea, usually in January and 
 August, the expenses for attending which are not allowed, The Examination 
 comprises Reading, Writing, Spelling, English Grammar, Scripture, History of Eng- 
 land, Geography, Arithmetic, Geometry. 
 
 Candidates, if soldiers, must apply through their commanding officers to the 
 Adjutant-General ; if civilians, to the Council of Military Education ; in both cases 
 forwarding, with their application, the following certificates or statements : — Certi- 
 ficate of age ; statement of height ; statement of religious denomination ; certificate 
 of conduct. Application should be made at least a month before Examination. 
 
 Each civilian Candidate, if successful in the competition, will be required to execute 
 a policy with the British Guarantee Association for the sum of ^"50 (on which he will 
 have to pay a premium of ;f 3), as a guarantee for his good condlict, and for the fulfil- 
 ment of his engagement to enlist in the army for appointment as Schoolmaster, 
 
 The period of residence at the Royal Military Asylum occupies about two years, 
 but may be reduced by superior qualifications. Students are liable to removal at any 
 time for incompetency or want of application, or to dismissal with forfeiture of bond 
 for misconduct. 
 , During the period of their residence at the Royal MiUtary Asylum-, civilian Students 
 are messed and provided with uniform at the expense of the public. Military Students 
 receive their regimental clothing and pay, subject to a deduction of 6d. a day for their 
 messing ; and they will be shown in the regimental returns under the head of "Absent 
 on duty as Students at the Royal Military Asylum." 
 
 On completing their course of training as Students, they will, upon being reported 
 qualified by the Council of Military Education, be appointed Army Schoolmasters ; if 
 civilians they will be enlisted (without bounty) for general service for the period of 
 twelve years ; if soldiers they will be discharged from their regiments and re-enlisted 
 (without bounty) for general service for the period of twelve years, reckoning towards 
 
292 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 their pension as Schoolmasters one-half of their service prior to admission to the Royal 
 Military Asylum. No portion of the time spent by them at the Military Asylum 
 counts towards pension. 
 
 Army Schoolmasters rank as non-commissioned officers next below sergeant-majors. 
 Their pay is as follows, with the quarters and fuel, or allowance in lieu. The 
 increase is contingent on good conduct and success as teacher?. Fiist appoint- 
 ment, 3s. per diem ; after two years' service, 3s. 6d. ; after four years', 4s. ; alter six 
 years', 4s. 6d ; after eight years', 55. ; after ten years', Ss. 6d. ; after twelve years', 
 6s. ; and after fourteen years', iys.. 6d. Schoolmasters aflter twenty-one years' service, 
 calculated according to the Regulations, are entitled to a pension of 2s. 6d. or 35. per 
 diem. 
 
 StrpKRiNTENDiNG SCHOOLMASTERS are selected from the Army Schoolmasters for 
 merit and service. They receive commissions as officers, with the relative rank of 
 ensign. Their pay varies from 7s. to 8s. a day, according to service ; with quarters, 
 or allowance in lieu thereof; and with an allowance of is. a day in lieii of a soldier 
 servant. They may, with the sanction of the Commander-in-chief and the Secretary 
 of State for War, be permitted to retire after an aggregate service of thirty years, cal- 
 culated in conformity with the regulations, on an allowance of 7s. 6d. or 8s. per diem. 
 The widows of Superintending Schoolmasters will be eligible for pensions, and their 
 children for an allowance from the Compassionate Fund, under the regulations appli- 
 cable to officers of corresponding rank. 
 
 Applications to the Secretary, OiRce of Military Education, Gun 
 House, St. James's Park, S.W. 
 
 Navy Schoolmasters' Training Schools.— All Naval 
 
 Schoolmasters for the future to enter for Continuous Service ; and no 
 Candidate to be appointed who has not passed through a recognised 
 Training College, and obtained at least a Third Class Certificate. 
 Pay. — To be similar to that of Masters-at-Arms, viz. : — 
 
 a day'^ 
 
 but no other allowances. 
 
 On appointment 
 
 4S. 
 
 After 3 years . . 
 
 4s. 6d 
 
 )> 6 » • 
 
 SS- 
 
 ,) 9 » ■ • 
 
 ss. 6d 
 
 „ 12 „ . . 
 
 6s. 
 
 Head Masters of Training Ships to receive ;^2o a year in addition, 
 and the usual allowances for Training Pupil Teachers. 
 
 Pensions. — After 20 years' service as Naval Schoolmaster : — 
 
 Head Masters £,jfi los. od. a year, 
 
 and ;^i a year in addition for every year's service beyond 20 
 years, till they reach a maximum of ^£'50 a year. 
 Other Naval Schoolmasters . . j£^3r i8s. od. a year, 
 and 17s. 6d. a year in addition for each year's service beyond 
 20 years, till they reach a maximum of £,\o a year. 
 They will not be entitled to receive their Pensions while serving. 
 Naval Schoolmasters to mess with Masters-at-Arms and Writers. 
 Naval Schoolmasters at present in the Service will be at liberty to enter 
 for Continuous Service under these Regulations, retaining their present 
 Seniority, and antedating their Engagements to the date of their last 
 entry from the shore. Head Naval Schoolmasters to rank with but 
 junior to Warrant Officers, and Ordinary Naval Schoolmasters with 
 Masters-at-Arms. 
 
 REGULATIONS FOR NAVAL INSTRUCTORS. 
 A Candidate for appointment as Naval Instructor must not be under 
 twenty, nor above thirty-five years of age. He will undergo a pre- 
 liminary Examination at the Royal Naval College in the following 
 •subjects, viz. : — 
 
SALISBURY THEOLOGICAL QOLIEGE. 293 
 
 I. Arithmetic and Algebra. 
 II. The first Four and Sixth Books of Euclid. 
 
 III. Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, theoretical and practical. 
 
 IV. Mechanics (such parts as do not involve the Differential Calculus). 
 "V. Hydrostatics ( ditto ditto). 
 
 YI. French, and a competent knowledge of the Classics. 
 
 Should he show a due proficiency in the above subjects he will 
 
 receive an order for admission to study at the College, in order to 
 
 quahfy himself in the subjects of the Final Examination, during which 
 
 period he will live free of expense for board and lodging. 
 
 VII. The Final and College Examination vrill be in Navigation, Nautical 
 
 Astronomy, &c. 
 VIII. Observations with the Sextant, &c., the use of the Azimuth Compass 
 and Chronometers, &c. 
 
 A knowledge of additional Modern Languages, and of the principles 
 of Drawing, is not considered indispensable ; but it is very desirable 
 that Naval Instructors should be able to give instruction in these sub- 
 jects, and preference will always be given to those persons who possess 
 such attainments. 
 
 Naval Instructors will be retired at the age of sixty ; or at any age 
 if they have not served for three years ; or, ' 
 
 They will have the option of retiring at the age of fifty-five ; and will 
 be retired, irrespective of age, at discretion, if found physically, or from 
 any other cause, unfit to serve. 
 
 Applications to the Secretary of the Admiralty. 
 
 THEOLOGICAL. 
 
 Salisbury Theological College. — Founded by Bishop Hamil- 
 ton, A.D. i86b. Visitor, the Lord Bishop of ' Salisbury. To supply 
 Candidates for Holy Orders with religious and intellectual training 
 between the time of Graduating at the University and entering the 
 Ministry, The College is designed for all who have taken their Degree 
 at Oxford, Cambridge, or Durham ; or who have passed the Theological 
 Examination at Trinity College, Dublin, and King's College, London. 
 
 Admission. — Students may be admitted who have not graduated at 
 the University, with the sanction of the Bishop : such Students to 
 remain at the College for two years at least. Candidates will be 
 expected to produce testimonials, of good! conduct, and strict inquiry 
 will be made' of their fitness to enter upon this preparatory work. 
 Students are not confined in their choice of Curacies tQ the Diocese of 
 Salisbury. The Bishop of Salisbury and some other Bishops will accept 
 one year's residence at this College in lieu of tiie Divinity Certificate at 
 Oxford, and the Voluntary Theological Examination at Cambridge. 
 Before entering the College, Students are required to pass an Examina- 
 tion in the Greek of St. Matthew's Gospel, in the English Bible, and in 
 the first Book of Cicero De Officiis. They are admitted by a Form 
 which may be procured from Messrs. Brown and Co., New Canal, 
 Salisbury. 
 
 Residence. — Students reside in the College with the Principal, or in 
 an adjoining house, adopting a Collegiate life. The length of residence 
 for Graduates is One Year, consisting of Four Terms. Students attend 
 
294 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 daily the Cathedral and College Chapel Services, Cap, gown, and hood 
 are required. 
 
 Subjects and Books in which Candidates for Holy Orders 
 ARE Examined. — For Deacons : (a) The Holy Bible — the Authorship, 
 and the historical, doctrinal, and moral contents of ^each book. The 
 New Testament in Greek. The Elements of Hebrew. At each Ordi- 
 nation, Candidates are especially examined in certain Books of the New 
 Testament, which are decided upon at the previous Ordination. Paley's 
 " Hor» Paulinse." (b) The Prayer Book: its History and Doctrines. 
 Procter's " History of the Book of Common Prayer." At each Ordina- 
 tion, Candidates are especially examined in certain offices of the Prayer 
 Book, which are decided upon at the previous Ordination, (c) Doctrine. 
 Bishop Pearson on the Creed, with notes. Hooker's " Ecclesiastical 
 Polity," BookV. (especially chaps. 50 — 68). The Thirty-nine Articles. 
 Bishop Browne's " Exposition of the Thirty-nine Articles." (d) Eccle- 
 siastical History. Professor Blunt's " First Three Centuries." " Canons 
 of the First Four Councils " (Parker). Candidates are expected to 
 translate English into Latin. — For Priests : Besides the above Books 
 and Subjects, the following is required : — Blunt's " Duties of the Parish 
 Priest." 
 
 The Course of Lectures embraces the Old and New Testament, 
 the study of the Psalter (as entering largely into future clerical life), the 
 Doctrine and Liturgy of the Church of England, Church History, 
 Patristric Reading, with the study of the Hebrew language. The pre- 
 ceding list of the Subjects required by the Bishop will show what Books- 
 are required at the College. Practice in writing Sermons, and in 
 preaching without book, is given: Opportunities also are afforded 
 for seeing parochial and school work. 
 
 The Terms are so arranged as to embrace the Four Ember Seasons, 
 which commence usually about the end of January^ the end. of April, 
 the middle of August, and the end of October in each year. 
 
 The Payments are £,y>, payable in advance at the beginning of each 
 Term, and £,^ annually towards the Library. The sum of £,\o will be 
 required of each Student, upon his name being inserted in the College 
 Books, which, upon his admission, will be deducted from the payment 
 for the first Term. These payments include all expenses connected with 
 the College, for Board, Lodging, Servants' Wages, &c. 
 
 Principal, Rev. Chancellor Daubeny, M.A. 
 
 St. Aidau's Theological College, Birkenhead. — ^Visitor, 
 the Lord Bishop of Chester. Established with the object of preparing 
 Candidates for Ordination without the time and expense which a Uni- 
 versity Course involves. The system of study is framed so as not only 
 to prepare men for the Examinations before Ordination, but fit them for 
 their future ministerial labours. While every care is bestowed upon the 
 comfort and welfare of the Students, the arrangements of the College are 
 peculiarly adapted to persons of limited means. The College stands on 
 high ground to the west of Birkenhead. The situation is picturesque, 
 and the air remarkably pure and healthful ; while, from its proximity to 
 Liverpool, the College is easily accessible from all parts of the kingdom. 
 . The Course of Study of an ordinary Student extends over two years, 
 
ST. BEES COLLEGE. 2,gS 
 
 three Terms in each year, Michaelmas, Lent, and Easter. First Year. 
 — Old Testament^Pentateuch and Historical Books, New Testament 
 — ^^Gospels according to St. Matthew, St. Luke, and St. John. Church 
 History — the First Six Centuries ; Mediaeval and the Reformation ; the 
 Church of England. The Thirty-nine Articles — Scripture Illustrations 
 and Proofs. The Book of Common Prayer — History of its Construction. 
 Pastoral — Lectures on the Growth, Authority, and Claims of the Chris- 
 tian Ministry. Composition, &c. Second Year. — Poetical and Pro- 
 phetical Books ; connection between Old and New Testaments. The 
 Acts, Epistles to the Galatians, Romans, and Hebrews. Church 
 History — Development of Christian Doctrine. Evidences of Chris- 
 tianity (Paley, Butler). Articles — Connection with Church History; 
 Comparison with other Formularies (Pearson on the Creed). Prayer 
 Book — Internal Character ; Rubrics ; Reading the Services. Parochial 
 Work and agencies ; Foreign Missions ; Preaching. English Com- 
 position and Recitation ;■ Elementary Hebrew Composition. Transla- 
 tions from Greek and Latin will be included in the Course when it 
 may seem desirable. The College Course for University Graduates is 
 Three Terms, commencing with the Michaelmas Term. 
 
 Admission. — Every one applyipg for admission as a Student is re- 
 quired to send a Testimonial signed by a Beneficed Clergyman of the 
 Church of England, Graduates must send to the Principal a Certificate 
 of their Degree, in addition to the Testimonial. The form of Testi- 
 monial may be obtained by application to the Principal. As a, general 
 rule, admissions can only be made at the beginning of the Michaelmas 
 Term. An Entrance Examination will be held at the College imme- 
 diately before the Michaelmas Term in each year. The References, 
 Certificate, and Testimonial required previously to admission, should 
 be sent to the Principal not later than a month before the Entrance 
 Examination. 
 
 Entrance Examination. — Should the Testimonial prove satisfactory 
 to the Principal, the appHcant will be required to pass an Entrance Exa- 
 mination, consisting of General Questions in the Old and New Testament 
 History ; Arithmetic; Elements of Greek and Latin Grammar; the Gospel 
 according to St. Mark in Greek, ch. i, — ^viii. ; the Gospel according to 
 St. Mark in Latin, ch. ix. — xvi. In no case can the Entrance Examina- 
 tion be dispensed with, except when the Student is already a Graduate 
 of some University. The Assistant Tutor conducts a Class, to which 
 persons can be admitted at any time to be prepared for the Entrance 
 Examination. Apply to the Rev. A. D, Mathews, 91, Westbourne Road, 
 Birkenhead, 
 
 Fees. — The College Fees amount to^^io los. per term, or;^3i 103. in the year, 
 which, with the entrance fee, makes the whole cost of the two years' tuition ;^65, 
 while the additional charges for board and rooms are little overj^l is. for each week 
 of residence. A Student resides about thirty weeks in the year, there being a long 
 vacation from July to October. No Students are permitted to reside out of College 
 except those whose families or near relatives are resident in Birkenhead or the 
 neighbourhood! 
 
 Principal, Rev. W. Saumarez Smith, B.D., 
 
 Late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. 
 
 St. Bees College, Carnforth. — Founded by Bishop Law, 1816, 
 endowed by the Earl of Lonsdale with the Incumbency of the Parish 
 
296 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 of St. Bees, and recognised by Act of Parliament. To supply a good and 
 economical education for Candidates for Holy Orders. The Course 
 extends over two years : this period is divided into four Terms, during 
 which residence is indispensable. The First Term commences about 
 the 28th of January, and ends towards the 5th of May; the Second 
 begins about the -28th of August, and closes about the Sth of December. 
 The Third a^d Fourth are like the first and second. Lectures begirt 
 punctually (!^undays excepted) on the ist of February and the ist of 
 September. \Sttidents are admitted either in January or August. 
 
 Admission. — Before the admission of a Student, the Principal must be 
 furnished with Testimonials from two Clergymen of the Church of Eng- 
 land. One of these must certify (after a long and intimate acquaintance) 
 that the person in whose behalf it is given is a man of unblemished 
 morality and consistent piety ; that he is cordially attached to the Church 
 of England ; and fitted, by his general habits, character, and attainments, 
 for the office of the ministry. It is desirable that it should also specify 
 his age and condition, as well as his pursuits from the time when he left 
 school to that in which the Certificate is granted. If no single Clergy- 
 man can give the Testimonial for the whole period, it maybe covered by 
 several. The other Testimonial is to certify that the individual desiring 
 admission has such a knowledge of the Greek and Latin languages that 
 he can attend Lectures upon the Greek Gospels and some easy Latin 
 author with advantage to himself. The ordinary limits of age are twenty- 
 one and thirty-five. It is desirable that the Testimonials should be sent 
 in during the three months previous to the commencement of the Term 
 in which the Student proposes to begin his residence. 
 
 ExAMiNATiONS.^Examinations will be held at the end of each Term ; 
 and a list of the Students will be arranged in Classes according to the 
 results of the Examination. The Examination at the end of the Easter 
 Term in the second year will be in the subjects of the whole course. A 
 Certificate will be given to Students when they leave, if they have duly 
 attended the various Classes and Lectures, and if their conduct has been 
 satisfactory during their course at College. The Certificate will state 
 the Class m which the Student was placed at the Final Examination. 
 
 Fees. — The fee for Tuition is ;^I0 a Term, paid each Tenii in advance ; three 
 guineas are paid by each Student when he conies into residence, in add of a fund for 
 keeping the College in repair and increasing the Library ; the cap and gown cost 
 about £\ 103. ; this, with the additional cost of some prescribed books, includes all the 
 necessary expenses. There being no Collegiate Buildings, each Student furnishes 
 himself with a house or lodgings in the village, under the direction and control of the 
 Principal. The expense of board and lodgings, with moderate economy, may-be from 
 eighteen shillings to twenty-four shillings a week for each Student. 
 
 Principal, Rev. E. H. Knowles, M.A. 
 
 St. Augustine's College, Canterbury. — Founded as an 
 Abbey, and endowed by King Ethelbert, a.d. 605 ; suppressed 1538 ; 
 restored as a Missionary College, under Royal Charter, 1848. At 
 the head of contributors to the new Foundation were Her Majesty 
 THE Queen, her late Majesty the Queen Dowager, and his late Royal 
 Highness the Prince Consort. The greater part of the original fund 
 was collected by the exertions of the Rev. Coward Coleridge, of Eton 
 College. The Object of the College is " to provide an education to 
 qualify young, mei; for the service of the Church in the distant depen- 
 
ST. AUGUSTINE S COLLEGE. 297 
 
 dencies of the British Empire, with such strict regard to economy and 
 frugality of habits as may fit them for the special duties to be dis- 
 charged, the difficulties to be encountered, and the hardships to be 
 endured." 
 
 The Students may be of any nation or rank. They are required to 
 be in communion with the Church of England, and to bring with them 
 satisfactory Certificates of baptism, and of religious and moral character. 
 
 Admission.— Students are not admitted ordinarily under eighteen 
 nor above twenty-two years of age ; but such restriction may be dis- 
 pensed with in special cases. Every Candidate, after his arrival in 
 College, is for a time on probation before his formal " admission as a 
 Student." Such only can be received as give good signs of fitness in 
 every way for the Missionary life. 
 
 The previous Examination required by the Statute takes place after 
 probation, about three weeks before Easter, or three weeks before 
 Advent, and is in Cicero's De Senectute; St. Mark's Gospel in Greek; 
 the common rules of Arithmetic ; the first Book of Euclid ; Scripture 
 History and Doctrine ; and the Church Catechism, with its Scripture 
 Proofs. Nicholl's Help to the Reading of the Bible, on the list of the 
 S. P. C. K., is recommended. 
 
 The Terms of the College are two, and are fixed according to the 
 discretion of the Warden. The Spring Term begins in January, and 
 the Michaelmas Term in August, at the beginning of either of which 
 Students commence their residence. 
 
 The Declaration made on admission is obviously of the most 
 general kind, consistent with due regard to the object of the College, 
 which is to educate men solely for the service of the Church in Foreign 
 Parts. Ample time is allowed, during a period of probation, before it 
 is made ; though, in requiring it, the College does not seek to control 
 unforeseen circumstances, or to regulate the destination of Students, 
 after they have passed under other authority. 
 
 The Destination to which a Student goes on leaving College is 
 determined by a variety of circumstances ; sometimes by the fact of 
 his being a native of a Colony ; sometimes by express request of a 
 Colonial Bishop, or by a vacancy in any Mission happening at the time 
 of the Student's leaving College ; care being always taken to adapt, as 
 far as possible, the sphere in which he is to labour to his physical con- 
 stitution, his natural preference, and his mental and moral powers. 
 
 Exhibitions have been founded in the College as follows : — Six, by the 
 late Mrs. Shepherd, of ;^ioayear each. The unappropriated surplus is 
 dispensed in grants to deserving Students. Three, by the Society for 
 Promoting Christian Knowledge, of ;^2i a year each. One, by the 
 late Rev. H. J. Hutchesson, M.A., Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, 
 of ;£'3S a year. One or more, by the Leicester Committee of the 
 Societies for Promoting Christian Knowledge, and the Propagation of 
 the Gospel, the annual income of the fund being now £,^,0. Preference , 
 is given to Candidates from the Diocese of Peterborough. One, by 
 friends of the late Bishop Coleridge, Warden of the College, of 
 £^22 10s. a year. One, by persons in the Diocese of Worcester and 
 others, in memory of Queen Adelaide, of about £,^,0 a. year. Three, 
 out of the Jubilee Fund of the Society for the Propagation of the 
 Gospel in Foreign Parts, for India and the East, of ;^3S a year each. 
 
298. SONS AND DAUGHTERS, 
 
 Three more, of the same maximum annual value, by the above-named 
 Society, for India or the East. One, or more, by friends of the late 
 Bishop Broughton," for Students going to the Province of Australia, the 
 fund yielding ;^35 a year. One, by the late Rev. H. J. Hutchesson, 
 called "The Clergy Orphan Scholarship," preference being given to 
 Candidates educated at the Clergy Orphan School ; £2)^ a year. The 
 interest of £2^0, given by the Rev. T. Bowdler, M.A., and held by the 
 Clergy Orphan Corporation, is available for any one from the same 
 School towards his expenses at St. Augustine's. One Students' Memorial 
 Scholarship, of £2^ a year, by a friend of the College. 
 
 The Course of Study extends over three years, and embraces 
 Special Subjects with a view to Missionary Life. Junior Year. — Scrip- 
 ture History, Gospels in Greek, Evidences of the Christian Religion, 
 Pearson on the Creed, Greek Classical Subject, Latin Classical Subject 
 and Composition, General an^ Physical Geography. Middle Year. — 
 Scripture History (continued), Wordsworth's Theophilus Anglicanus, 
 Parts I. and II., Pearson on the Creed, Epistles in Greek (commenced), 
 Elementary Hebrew, Latin and Greek Classical Subjects, Elementary 
 Mathematics. Senior Year. — Book of Common Prayer (Procter), Thirty- 
 nine Articles (Browne), Butler's Analogy, Church and Missionary History 
 (Robertson; Massingberd), Epistles in Greek (continued), Hebrew, Latin 
 and Greek Christian Classical Subj ects. Natural Philosophy, Medical Course 
 at Hospital. Intermingled with these subj ects are, the composition weekly 
 of a brief Sermon or Homily on the Collect, Epistle, or Gospel, and of 
 an Essay on some prescribed Thesis ; Sunday School teaching and 
 District Visiting ; the Study of Eastern Languages, by such Students as 
 are intended for India, Borneo, &c. ; and practical instruction in various 
 branches of manual labour and mechanical art. 
 
 College Examinations in the subjects of the Lectures are held at 
 the end of each Term, in December and in June; and at the latter, 
 Prizes of Books are given to the most deserving Students. An annual 
 Prize is also given for the best English Essay on a subject connected 
 with Christian Missions: 
 
 Fees. — The annual collegiate charge for the education and maintenance of each 
 Student is £/^o. This includes rooms, furniture, aad attendance of College servants. 
 It does not include the vacations, which are limited to three lunar months in the year, 
 nor travelling and personal expenses, books and stationery; but the last two are 
 furnished at a reduced price. The expense of the cap, gown, and surplice is ;^3 3s. 6d. 
 No fee of any kind, or Caution money, is required on admission ; but every Student 
 at the close of his residence, before receiving his College testimonials, is required to 
 make a declaration that all his bills are duly settled. 
 
 LIFE IN ST. AUGUSTINE'S MISSIONARY COLLEGE. 
 
 I readily accede to your request to give a brief description of our every-day life, 
 which is, in truth, always the same, and yet each day brings its own peculiar duties 
 and pleasures ; for we are indeed a happy brotherhood ; one of the most striking 
 peculiarities of the place, at present at least, being the unusually good feeling and unity 
 which prevail amongst us. 
 
 I must first observe that the Law of Order, which the Divine First Cause has 
 stamped upon all creation, is held to be of paramount importance by every Augus- 
 tinian, and that punctuality and method are the natural offspring of the wholesome 
 discipline enforced. Order is one of our first laws. No sooner does the college clock 
 strike six than the tolling bell reminds each slumbering student that the time has 
 come for him, in imitation of the bright harbinger and ruler of the day, to commence 
 .afresh his wonted round of duties, in the spirit of the great Missionaiy of the world. 
 
ST. AUGUSTINE'S COLLEGE. 299 
 
 whose language and corresponding conduct — " I must work the works of Him that 
 sent Me wliile it is day ; the night cometh when no man can work " — ever reanimate 
 his flagging zeal. 
 
 You need not be told to Whom the first-fruits of each day ought to be dedicated, 
 for surely the private duties of the closet demand our first care. Here it is, when all 
 is hushed in calm and the doors are shut about us, that a " stUl small voice," speaking 
 to us in a sure and certain word, beckons us on each day one step nearer to the 
 Eternal door. Here, too, we are privileged to pour out our hearts to Him who is the 
 missionary's All in ^, in a language which has fired the soul of an Andrewes, a 
 Wilson, and other eminent saints of our English Church, who " though dead, yet 
 spealj." The " Missionary's Daily Text Book " and the " Credenda, Agenda, Postu- 
 landa," printed by the students, are also valuable aids to meditation and devotion. 
 But beside our individual needs, there are others, which concern us as a College, a 
 Church, a Nation— and hence the next sound that breaks in upon our solemn stillness 
 is the bell that calls us to the house of prayer. At all seasons alike, the same hour, 
 seven o'clock, finds us bending our steps to the same holy place, taking thither all our 
 powers, talents, studies, and secular pursuits to be hallowed, blessed, and directed. 
 Chapel service ended, we havCa spare half-hour, both before and after breakfast, which 
 is generally occupied in preparation for the day's work. 
 
 At eight the Sub-warden, Fellows, and Students partake, in common, of the 
 meal which is to carry them through the next five hours of labour. At nine the 
 lectures commence, each occupying an hour, and so contrived as to give the relief of 
 variety to lecturers and students, and embracing all tlie usual routine of College 
 studies ; but giving a peculiar prominence to theology, to the sacred art of healing, 
 and to foreign languages. Were you here at a quarter to one, you would see all the 
 students diverging in groups of three or four each from the cloisters and flitting 
 through the quadrangle, in various directions, to the different departments of " manual 
 labour ;" or should it be on Saturday, you might observe them all bending their steps 
 towards the hall, where the Warden and Fellows assemble to hear the homilies and 
 essays of three or four of the students, each having written a homily on the Collect, 
 Epistle, or Gospel for the previous Sunday, and an essay on some subject previously 
 announced. On the remaining days some are employed in giving life to thought and 
 expansion to language by the aid of the " black art" of printing; others, of the car- 
 pentering department, are making the crypt beneath the library re-echo with sounds 
 of saws, hammers, and planes. In the "illuminating department" texts of Holy 
 Scripture are being executed in diflerent languages, to order, through wliich, we hope, 
 the beauty of many a simple and rude edifice of Christian worship amid a heathen 
 wild may be increased ; and by the word of life inscribed thereon, many a worshipper's 
 attention may be arrested and riveted for good. Perhaps some hymn, anthem, 
 or engraving from our lithographic press falling in your way may afford you an 
 opportunity of criticising the work of our friends in that department. The remainder 
 of the Students are engaged in trenching, sowing, planting; handling the spade, the 
 hoe, or the rake, as the case may be ; or perchance executing sentence upon some 
 barren tree, exterminating an intruding colony of weeds, or rejoicing over the ingather- 
 ing of the fruits. 
 
 By this account you will see that we are being disciplined and trained for head- 
 and-hand work and" general usefulness ; and need indeed there is of " bodily exercise" 
 to keep up one's strength and spirits even here, but how much more so of physical 
 fitness, and of every art and appliance which may enable us to encounter and grapple 
 with all the difficulties, perils, and privations of the mission field in these days, when 
 we are so far returned to apostoUc zeal and self-denial as to have Bishops and Clergy 
 expert in tailoring, shoemaking, carpentering, and other useful handicrafts ; compelled 
 to swim across obstructing streams, or to give theit shoulder to the wheel of the waggon, 
 which is at once their only means of locomotion and their habitation ; or worse still, 
 after plodding on the journey during the day with spare and coarse diet, are glad to 
 rest their weary limbs at night in the outbuildings of the rude settler. Such being 
 the case, what, think you, would be said of the missionary from St. Augustine's who 
 was effeminate, indolent, and helpless ? 
 
 At two o'clock we are quite ready, as you may well suppose (the authorities 
 sharing with us) to make full proof of the simple and wholesome fare to which we 
 are bidden ; and during the afternoon we take our rambling excursions in the neigh- 
 bourhood or enjoy some other healthy recreation ; two afternoons in the week, how- 
 ever, being devoted by senior students to the work of district visiting. At six we 
 return for tea, and afterwards the precentor assembles the students to a rehearsal of the 
 music for. evening service, or (on Wednesdays and Saturdays) the singing master to 
 
300 SONS AAD DAUGHTERS. 
 
 general practice. We then retire to our rooms to study till chapej-time at half-past 
 nine, when we end the day as we began it, by learning to refer everything to a higher 
 Power, and seeking to gain that strength and determination to know no defeat, which 
 continual waiting upon God in His house produces, and which is so especially essential 
 to the missionary — and with spirits thus composed, chastened, and elevated, we are 
 warned by the curfew-bell to put out our lights at half-past ten (half an hour after 
 chapel service), and to betake ourselves to peaceful rest. — Letter from a Student. 
 
 Warden, Rev. Henry Bailey, D.D. 
 
 Countess of Huntingdon's College, Cheshunt.— Affili- 
 ated TO THE University of London. The College originated in the 
 necessity for seeking and preparing the Agency required for developing 
 the great Evangelistic work to which the Countess of Huntingdon 
 devoted herself and her fortune. The College was first opened at 
 Trevecca House, Talgarth, Brecon. It was ' subsequently removed to 
 Cheshunt, about fourteen miles from London. Although the Articles 
 are decidedly Calvinistic in their character, the Trust Deed is, with 
 respect to Church Polity, most catholic in its spirit and arrangements. 
 Hence the following declaration of the Trustees and Committee, first 
 occurring in the Annual Report for 1822, and since continuously 
 repeated : — " The object of this Institution is not to serve the interests 
 of a party; but to promote the extension of the kingdom of Immanuel, 
 by the publication of his glorious Gospel, and the doctrines of His 
 Grace ; and the young men who are educated at Cheshunt College are 
 left entirely free in their choice of the denomination of Christians among 
 whom they may prefer to exercise their Ministry." 
 
 Session. — The Session opens on the second Thursday in Septemter, 
 and continues, with the exception of a fortnight at Christmas, and a 
 week at the time of the May Meetings, till the last Thursday in June. 
 
 Admission of Students. — Unmarried men not exceeding twenty-eight 
 years of age, whose piety, moral character, and talent for the ministry 
 are attested by their minister and by the leading members of the 
 religious society to which they have been united in church fellowship, 
 are considered as eligible Candidates for admission into the Institution. 
 Each Candidate is required to furnish written answers to certain queries 
 proposed to him. If these are deemed satisfactory the Candidate is 
 required to present himself before the Professors for an Examination in 
 the elements of Classical, Mathematical, and Biblical knowledge, pre- 
 liminary to an Examination before a meeting of the Trustees and 
 Committee, by whom, if approved, he is admitted a Probationer for 
 three months. At the expiration of that time, provided he be favourably 
 reported of by the Tutors, he is received to the full benefit of the 
 Institution for a term of not less than two years, and not more than 
 four, except when, upon special application, made in his fourth year, he 
 is deemed by the Trustees and Committee in " need and worthy of" a 
 fifth year. 
 
 Scholarships, Degrees, &c. — There are occasional Scholarships and 
 Prizes given by the Committee and the Benefactors of the College. 
 Prizes and First and Second Certificates are awarded upon Examination, 
 and Candidates are prepared for the B.A. and M.A. Examinations and 
 Degrees of the University of London. 
 
 All applications to be made to the President at the College ; or to 
 
COLLEGES OF THE FREE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 30 [ 
 
 the Secretaries, at the College Rooms, Bloomfield Street, Finsbury, 
 London, E.G. , 
 
 The subjects in which proficiency is desired at the Preliminary 
 Examination are the following : — 
 
 The elements of English, Latin, Greek, and, if possible, of Hebrew Grammar; the 
 First Book of Caesar's Commentaries and of Virgil's ^neid ; the first ten chapters of 
 St. John's Gospel in Greek, and, if possible, the first two chapters of Genesis in 
 Hebrew ; the history, literature, and general contents of Holy Scripture ; and par- 
 ticularly those matters of Christian evidence and doctrine which are suggested by the 
 chapters above mentioned. The elements of Arithmetic, as far as the extraction of 
 square and cube root. If a Candidate has matriculated in the University of London, 
 or passed any corresponding examination, all those portions of the examination which 
 refer to general literature are remitted. 
 
 As a general rule the Trustees and Committee require that the 
 board of the Students should be provided from their own resources. 
 Each Student is required on his admission to declare his assent to 
 Fifteen Articles of Faith, promulgated by the Founders and Supporters 
 of the College. 
 
 The amount required from those who are able to pay so much is ;^4o 
 per annum ; but' sums varying from that amount to a minimum of _;^io 
 are accepted from those in less affluent circumstances. The education is 
 given FREE of charge. 
 
 President, Rev. Robert Reynolds, D.D. 
 
 Haverford'west College, established 1839.. President, Rev. 
 T. Davies, D.D. Objects. — The Education of Young Men for the 
 Baptist Ministry, and to prepare Students for the Universities and the 
 Civil Service. It is partly supported by Subscriptions, and Collections 
 made by Congregations. The College is spacious and well situated, 
 and the residences of the Tutors adjoin the main building on each side. 
 
 Course of Instruction. — The work of the College is conducted by 
 two Tutors. The Rev. T. Davies, D.D., in addition to the usual course 
 of Theological study, Lectures on Mental and Moral Philosophy. The 
 Classical and Mathematical Tutor, the Rev. G. H. Rouse, M.A., LL.B., 
 teaches the Greek, Latin, and Hebrew Languages; and conducts 
 Classes in French^ German, English, and Mathematics. Lay Students 
 are admitted, as well as Students for the Ministry. The Rev. Hugh 
 Jones, M.A., Rev. J. G. Owen, D.D., Rev. J. Williams, B.A., Rev. John 
 Williams, Rev. T. Richards, Rev. James Owen, and the Rev. W. 
 Walters, are among the men of mark that have passed the College. 
 
 Fees. — Ministerial Students pay for their Board for one, two, or three years, 
 according to their resources, and have the remainder of the Term free. Lay Students 
 are charged £^0, Board and Education, for the Session of forty or forty-two weeks ; 
 or;^30 from the commencement of the Session in November to the end of June, the 
 time of the London University Examinations. 
 
 Colleges of the Free Church of Scotland, i. Edin- 
 burgh ; 2. Glasgow ; 3. Aberdeen. These are Theological Col- 
 leges, or Divinity Hsdls, intended for training Candidates for the 
 Ministry. Endowments exist in connection with all the Colleges. 
 
 Course, of Instruction. — There are three distinct periods of a 
 Student's Course — First, Before he enters Divinity Hall ; Second, During 
 his attendance there ; Third, When he has finished his attendance, and 
 
302 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 is preparing for license. All Students entering must undergo an Exami- 
 nation appointed by the Board of Examiners. The subjects are Greek, 
 Latin, Hebrew ; Sacred and Profane History ; Logic, Metaphysics, and 
 Ethics ; Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. The ordinary theolo- 
 gical curriculum consists of four years' regular attendance. In no case 
 less than two years. During their attendance at the Hall, Students are, 
 required to deliver six exercises, viz., a homily in English, an exercise, 
 in Latin, a critical Hebrew exercise, an exercise and addition on a, 
 passage in the Greek Testament, a lecture, and a popular sermon. 
 Besides being examined previous to Being enrolled, 'Students are 
 examined every year. All Students, on the close of the last session of 
 their Course, undergo another Examination by the Board, the subjects 
 being Theology, Church History, Languages and Exegetics, Latin, and, 
 Natural Science. After undergoing this Examination, Students are 
 adrnitted to " trials for License," and " trials by the Presbytery." Ther^ 
 are Classes for Divinity, Exegetics, Church History, Hebrew, Evan-. 
 geUstic Theology, Natural Science, Src, under Professors. Also Libraries. 
 Scholarships, Bursaries, &c. — There are numerous Bursaries and 
 Scholarships, the value and duration of which vary at the different 
 Colleges. They range from £,xo to .^£'40, ^50, and ;£'ioo per annum. 
 
 Fees, &c. — Students of Theology, before entering with the Professors, must 
 Matriculate, and pay the Common Fee to the Secretary, on each year of their course. 
 The Matriculation Fee is los., and the Common Fee;44 ids. yearly. The Common 
 Fee admits to all the Classes and other privileges. Domestic accommodation and 
 board may be obtained in the localities generally at about £2^ during a Session of 
 five months, 
 
 Principal at Edinburgh, Rev. R. S. Candlish, D.D. ; Glasgow, Rev, 
 P. Fairbairn, D.D. ; Aberdeen, Rev. J. Lumsden, D.D. 
 
 Theological Congregational Hall, Glasgow, — Formerly the 
 Glasgow Theological Academy, in connection with the Congregational 
 Churches of Scotland. Object : To furnish a suitable education to 
 brethren of approved piety aiid talents, to fit them for the Christian 
 Ministry. Supported by the contributions of the Churches, and by indi^ 
 vidual donations and subscriptions. 
 
 The Committee receive and judge of all applications for admission 
 into the Hall. Every a,pplication must be accompanied by Certificates 
 of Applicant's character, circumstances in life, and previous attainments, 
 and be sanctioned and recommended by the Church with which he is 
 connected. Every applicant will be furnished with the Schedule of 
 queries issued by the Committee ; and should his answers be satisfactory^ 
 subjects for Examination in Literature and Doctrine, including an Essay 
 and Sermon, shall be prescribed, and the Applicant invited to appear 
 before the Committee for Examination. Such Applicants as pass the 
 prescribed Examination satisfactorily shall be admitted to a probation 
 of three months, by attending the Theological Course immediately fol- 
 lowing their admission, at the end of which the Professors shall report 
 concerning them, and their case be finally disposed of by the Committee. 
 Every Student, when received, shall engage to observe th? regulations 
 specified on the Schedule of queries, and the terms of admission shall be 
 distinctly stated and agreed to. 
 
 The regular Course of Study consists of four consecutive Sessions of 
 
ROYAL ACADEMY OF MUSIC. 303 
 
 nine months each, from November till July inclusive. Students attending 
 the University shall be expected to undergo the University Examinations 
 required in order to a degree in Arts. The Students are examined 
 annually, at the close of the Academic Session. When they have 
 finished the prescribed Course, they undergo a Special Examination, 
 by the Committee, on Doctrine and attainments, and, if approved, 
 receive a formal Certificate signed by the Professors, Chairman, and 
 Secretary. 
 
 For the period of one year, at least, after leaving the Hall, Students 
 who have completed their education, and have commenced their labours 
 in preaching the Gospel, shall be under the direction and control of the 
 Committee, during which time provision shall, if necessary, be made for 
 them from the funds of the Institution. 
 
 Exhibitions varying in amount from Ten to Twenty Pounds per 
 Session may be .conferred upon approved Applicants, in addition to the 
 payment of their University fees. Scholarships of similar value may be 
 made available under certain conditions to Students in the third and 
 fourth years of their Course, or for extending the period of study beyond 
 the prescribed curriculum. 
 
 AppUcations for admission must be lodged annually on or before the 
 ist of February. 
 
 Rev. J. Jarvie, Greenock, 
 
 INSTITUTIONS, COLLEGES, AND SCHOOLS. 
 
 Royal Academy of Music. — Founded 1822, by the Earl of 
 Westmoreland. Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1830. Patron : the 
 QtJEEN. Object : To promote the cultivation of the Science of Music, 
 and to afford facilities for attaining perfection in it by assisting with 
 general instruction all persons desirous of acquiring a knowledge 
 thereof. The School imparts instruction not only in Vocal and Instru- 
 mental Music, but in the Languages necessary to Musical Education. 
 There are Professors of Harmony and Composition, Singing, Pianoforte, 
 Organ, Harp, Violin, Viola, Violoncello, Double Bass, Flute, Oboe, 
 Clarionet, Bassoon, Horn, Trumpet and Comet, Trombone, Italian 
 Language, French, German, Elocution, and Deportment. Students, 
 Male or Female, may Choose any instrument, or department of Music, 
 as their principal study. Should the branch for which a Male Student 
 enters be Harmony, Harp, or Pianoforte, he is required to learn, in 
 addition, any orchestral instrument the Committee may choose for him. 
 
 All Students are required to learn Harmony and Pianoforte ; and, 
 when competent, to take part in the orchestral and choral practices. 
 
 Should the branch for which a Student enters be Singing, he or she is 
 required to attend the Elocution Class, and has the privilege of attending 
 the classes for the Italian language and for Deportment. 
 
 The classes for the Italian, French, and German languages, and for 
 Deportment, may be attended by any of the Students on payment of an 
 additional fee. 
 
 In particular cases, at the discretion of the Principal, and by special 
 
304 S02fS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 arrangement as to fees, Students may receive instruction in any single 
 branch of study. 
 
 Students are admitted at the commencement ot each Term. Candi- 
 dates for admission must attend for Examination on the previous Thurs- 
 days, at Eleven o'Clock, with a recommendation from a Subscriber, a 
 Member, an Associate, or an Honorary Member. 
 
 Candidates residing at a distance from London may be primarily 
 examined by any one of the Local Examiners (see Appendix), from 
 whom they may obtain information arid advice respecting the Academy. 
 The Local Examiners are Members or Associates of the Institution, and 
 one or more of them are appointed in every principal town in the 
 kingdom. The fee for Examination is J^x is., which is remitted on the 
 admission of the Candidate. 
 
 Orchestral Students, if competent to take part upon any instrument 
 in the orchestral practice, pay an entrance fee of j[,2, and an annual fee 
 of _;£'i2, which maybe divided into terminal payments oi jQ^. They 
 are entitled to instruction twice a week in any study of their own choice, 
 and are required to assist in the weekly practice and in all public 
 performances. Examination any Tuesday, at Two o'Clock. 
 
 The Students are required to pay implicit obedience to all persons 
 placed in authority over them, and to attend punctually at the hours 
 appointed for their instruction, and at all orchestral and choral practices, 
 rehearsals, and performances. 
 
 Instruction is given to the Students between the hours of 9 a.m. and 
 4 p.m. in the Winter, and 9 and 5 in the Summer. 
 
 As a mark of particular distinction, advanced Students are appointed 
 Sub-Professors, and required to give instruction in the Academy, under 
 the supervision of their own Professors. 
 
 No Student is allowed to undertake any public or private engage- 
 ments without first obtaining the sanction of the Principal. 
 
 No Student is allowed to publish any composition without the sanction 
 of the Principal ; and a copy of all compositions so published must be 
 presented to the Library of the Academy. 
 
 Any infringement or violation of the Regulations, or any discreditable 
 or improper conduct, will subject the Student, at the discretion of the 
 Committee, to dismissal from the Institution. 
 
 After leaving the Academy Students may undergo an Examination. 
 Should the Examination prove satisfactory, they will receive a Certifi- 
 cate ; and,- in special cases, the additional distinction of being made an 
 Associate of the Institution. « 
 
 Students who distinguish themselves in the Musical profession after 
 quitting the Institution may be, by the Committee of Management, 
 created Members of the Royal Academy of Music. 
 
 Scholarships. — The Westmoreland Scholarship of ;£^io (in memory 
 of the founder of the Academy) is open to Female Candidates between 
 the ages of eighteen and twenty-four years. The Potter Exhibition 
 oi £12 is open to competition by Female and Male Candidates in 
 alternate years. Candidates must be Pupils in the Academy, and have 
 studied not less than two years in the Institution. 
 
 Fees. — Students pay an Entrance Fee oi£$, and au Annual Fee of ;^30, which may 
 be divided into payments of^^io per Term. The fee for Local Examination is ;^I is., 
 which is remitted on the admission of the Candidate. Tlie year is divided into three 
 Terms of thirteen weeks each. 
 
LONDON SUBURBAN ACADEMIES OF MUSIC. 305 
 
 The Royal Academy of Music was founded in 1822, under the sanction of his 
 Majesty King George IV.j by the late Earl of Westmoreland, with the co-operation 
 of many distinguished noblemen and gentlemen, and the support of the most emi- 
 nent resident foreign and native musicians. The object of the founders was to esta- 
 blish in England a School resembling the Foreign Conservatories for the training of 
 Professional Musicians. During the forty-nine years of its existence, the Academy 
 has admitted more than 1,600 Male and Female . Students, of whom 130 have been 
 educated gratuitously, and 471 have been received on terms below the regulated fees. 
 
 The efficiency of the Royal Academy of Music is flilly proved by the fact of many 
 of the chief public positions in the Musical Profession being honourably filled by dis- 
 ciples of the Institution ; many of the past Students having become distinguished persons 
 as vocalists, solo players, orchestral players, and composers, and by their own cultiva- 
 tion assisting in the permeation of the refinements of art through the kingdom. The 
 Acadeniy exerts a high influence through the exertions of its former Pupils in the 
 capacity of Teachers in the chief towns of the country, where they communicate a 
 higher and more general knowledge of Music than could have been acquired before 
 the existence of the Institution, in which many talents are brought to bear upon the 
 development of every one, and where these Teachers exalt the standard of excellence 
 at which now every musician in England must aim. Students from far distances — 
 Australia, Canada, and the United States — avail themselves of the Academy, and there 
 are now several from Paris. 
 
 Principal, Sir W. Sterndale Bennett. 
 
 IjOUcIou Subvirbaii Academies of Music, under the super- 
 vision of Sir Julius Benedict, for Male and Female Professional and 
 Amateur Students. St. Jo;hn's Wood Academy, Eyre Assembly Rooms, 
 N.W. ; Islington and Highbury Academy, Bamsbury Hall, N. ; 
 Bayswater Academy, 23, Colville Square, Notting Hill ; Brixton and 
 Kennington Academy, Horns Assembly Rooms, Kennington, S.E. ; 
 PiMLico Academy, Warwick Street, Eccleston Square, S.W. ; Black- 
 heath Academy, Alexandra Hall. The Classes for Ladies and those 
 for Gentlemen are held at different hours. New Classes are usually 
 opened the first week in January, April, July, and October ; but 
 Students may commence at any time, and date the commencement of 
 their Course from the time of entrance. 
 
 Classes, presided over by able Professors, afford instruction in 
 Composition, Harmony, and Theory; Pianoforte; Solo Singing; Part 
 Singing ; Harmonium ; Harp ; Violin ; Violoncello ; French ; German ; 
 Italian ; and Elocution. Students in the Upper School receive every 
 week Private Lessons in any two subjects, besides Class Lessons in 
 Theory and Part Singing. Those who make the Pianoforte their prin- 
 cipal study receive Occasional Lessons from Sir Julius Benedict, in 
 addition to their Weekly Lessons from the Principal or other Professors. 
 Students in the Lower School receive Private Lessons every week in 
 either Singing or Pianoforte, besides Class Lessons in Theory and 
 Singing. Private Concerts are given by the Students, but it is optional 
 whether they take part in the performances or not. Certificates are 
 granted to Professional Students when thoroughly competent. 
 
 Fees. — Upper School, 5 gs. per quarter ; Lower School, 3 gs. Pupils may attend 
 separate Classes without becoming Members of either School on the following terms 
 per quarter : Pianoforte, 2 gs. ; Violin, 2 gs. ; Accompaniment, 2 gs. ; German, 
 Italian, or Elocution, 2 gs. ; Part Singing, Harmony, or French Class, i guinea. 
 Examination or Entrance, 5s. Anrangements are made for the reception of Young 
 Ladies as Resident Pupils or daily Pupil Boarders. The Principal wUl afford further 
 information respecting either of the Academies. 
 
 Principal, William Carter, Esq. 
 
3o6 SOI^S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Tonic Sol-fa College. President, Johm Curwen, Esq., Pro- 
 moter of the Tonic Sol-fa Method. Object. — The Educational ad- 
 vancement of Teachers of the new system of Musical Instruction ; to 
 certify their competency by granting Certificates ; and to enlarge the 
 number and perfect the efficiency of Pupils by the formation of Classes 
 for the study of Harmony, Analysis of Elementary Composition, and 
 awarding Certificates and Prizes to Pupils who pass Special Examina- 
 tions ; by Tiolding occasional Meetings for delivery of Lectures, giving 
 Lessons, public Concerts, and by any other suitable means. Publications 
 explaining and advocating the Tonic Sol-fa Method are issued at a small 
 cost. The Secretary to the Committee of Council on Education has 
 announced that, for the purposes of musical instruction in Elementary 
 Schools and Training Colleges, their Lordships are prepared to accept 
 the Tonic :Sol-fa Method and the Tonic Sol-fa Notation upon the same 
 terms as shall from time to time ie applicable to the ordinary method 
 and natation,. 
 
 In the only open Musical Examinations, namely, those of the Society 
 of Arts, Tonic Sol-fa Pupils in 187 1 have repeated their former suc- 
 cesses. From the newly-issued Lists it appears that they receive no 
 less than Three out of the Four Prizes, and 100 out of the 128 Cer- 
 tificates awarded by Mr. J. Hullah and Mr. G. A. Macfarren. In the 
 last five years " they have carried off Twelve out of the Fourteen Prizes, 
 and 339 out of the 470 Certificates." 
 
 Fees. — Qualifications for Membership are — ist, the possession of the Members or 
 Advanced Certificates ; 2nd, the payment of a Matriculation Fee of not less than 
 2s, 6d., as well as a Postage Fee be^nning with the second year, sf not less than is. 
 per annum. 
 
 Secretary, Robert Griffiths, Esq., North Street, Plaistow, Essex. 
 
 Birkbeck Literary and Scientific Institution.— Esta- 
 blished 1823. In Union with the Society of Arts and the 
 Science and Art Department. This was the first Institution of the 
 kind in London, the Founder being the late Dr. Birkbeck. It has 
 called into existence nearly a thousand similar Institutions in different 
 parts of Great Britain, in addition to a large number in the Colonies. 
 Since its foundation nearly 50,000 persons have- availed themselves of 
 its advantages, of whom many are at the present time distinguishing 
 themselves in various branches of Art, Science, or Literature, a know- 
 ledge of which they acquired at this Institution. Several have obtained 
 appointments in iJie Civil Service, and a large number have distin- 
 guished themselves at various Public Examinations. 
 
 Evening Classes for Males and Females are established in the 
 various branches of Education, presided over by competent Professors 
 and Teachers, and at Fees so moderate as to place the advantages 
 offered within the reach of all. The Public are admitted to these Lec- 
 tures, also at Moderate Fees, without being Members of the Institution, 
 and any Class, or number of Classes, may be attended. The following 
 is a List of the Classes at present in operation ; — Animal Physiology, 
 Arithmetic, Book-keeping, Botany, Building Construction, Chemistry, 
 Drawing, Electricity and Magnetism, Elocution, English Composition 
 and Grammar, English History, English Language and Literature, 
 French, Geography, Geology, Geometry, German, Greek, Italian, Latin ; 
 
BIRKBECK INSTITUTION. 307 
 
 Light, Heat, and Sound ; Logic, Machine Construction, Mathematics, 
 Mechanics, Metallurgy, Metric System, Mineralogy, Painting, Physical 
 Geography, Piaroforte, Political Economy, Reporting, Shorthand, Spa- 
 nish, Steam and the Steam Engine, Theory of Music, Universal History, 
 Violin, Vocal Music, Writing and Dictation, Zoology. Other Classes 
 may be formed by desire of Members. Some of the Classes are divided 
 into preparatory and advanced branches. The Text Books used by the 
 Classes are kept in the Library for reference. The Syllabus of Classes 
 and Examinations may be obtained at the Institution, price 3d. 
 
 Lectures are delivered weekly, which, like the Classes, may be 
 attended by the Public as well as by Members, There is a Librarv 
 containing upwards of 6,000 volumes, open from ten in the morning 
 until half-past nine in the evening ; and a commodious Reading Room, 
 well supplied with papers and works of current news and literature. 
 
 Examinations. — Several of the Classes are conducted with a view to 
 the Examinations of the London University, the Government De- 
 partment of Science and Art, Society of Arts, and the Educa- 
 tional Council of the Institution, which latter offers several Prizes 
 annually for proficiency in subjects taught in the Classes. In fact. 
 Students may thus be prepared to compete in any of the Open Exami- 
 nations for Scholarships, Exhibitions, and Prizes, or appointments^ 
 offered for competition in any part of the kingdom. 
 
 Fees. — The Terminal Fees for the various Classes for Members range from is. to 
 7s., and for Non-Members from 3s. to los. 6d. Subscriptions to the Institution : 
 Gentlemen, i8s. yearly; 103. half-yearly; 6s. quarterly. Ladies, los. 6d. yearly; 
 6s. half-yearly ; 3s. quarterly. 
 
 The origin of the foundation of the Birkbeck Institution is worthy of being 
 placed upon permanent record. While lecturing at the Andersonian University of 
 Glasgow, Dr. Birkbeck formed special classes for instructing the artisans of that city in 
 the different branches of natural philosophy. He was led to deliver these lectures 
 under the following circumstances. Needing various scientific instruments and appa- 
 ratus, and there being no person competent to perform the work then resident in 
 Glasgow, it became necessary for him to attend the different workshops, and per- 
 sonally direct the construction of the apparatus, he required.- Frequently the artisans 
 would ask the reason of various steps in the work, and Dr. Birkbeck, feeling the great 
 use of scientific instruction to those thus employed, determined to commence a course 
 of gratuitous lectures. The first was delivered to an audience of seventy-five, the 
 second was attended by nearly two hundred, at the third the number had increased 
 to three hundred, while at the fourth no less than five hundred eagerly availed them- 
 selves of the opportunity to obtain instruction calculated to assist them in their daily 
 employment. The numbers desirous of attending being greater than could be accom- 
 modated, it became necessary to restrict the issue of the tickets. For several years, 
 ufltil his removal to Londonj,. Dr. Birkbeck continued to give these lecWes with the 
 most satisfactory results. As a proof of the value of the education thus imparted, the 
 following extract from an address presented to the Doctor may be quoted : — "It was 
 your distinguished lot, sir, to lay open more widely than had been previously contem- 
 plated the portals of philosophy, and to invite artisans of every description to enter 
 them, however scanty their means or obscure their condition. For this truly philan- 
 thropic deed we present you thus publicly with our most heartfelt thanks ; and while 
 from your approving conscience you will derive the purest satisfaction, you will not 
 disdain the homage now offered you by the students of that class which you first called 
 into being." 
 
 Dr. Birkbeck, although very actively engaged in the medical profession, at once 
 entered heartily into tlie scheme for the erection of an Institution which, not only by 
 lectures, but also by classes, a reading room, and library, should spread the benefits 
 of artistic and scientific instruction amongst the artisans and others of the Metropolis. 
 Public meetings were called on the nth November and 2nd December, 1823; these 
 assemblies were of the most enthusiastic character, and at the conclusion of the first, 
 several hundreds enrolled their names as members of the proposed Institution. At 
 
 X 2 
 
3o8 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 the second it was established, and, on the occasion of the first election of officers, Dr. 
 Birkbeck was "unanimously chosen President, which post he continued to hold till his 
 lamented decease. 
 
 The Institution having been started, and temporary accommodation secured, it 
 became necessary to find a spot where tie whole of the work might be concentrated. 
 This was speedily done. Premises were obtained in Southampton BuUdings, Chan- 
 cery Lane, and it was determined to erect a large lecture theatre in the rear of the 
 building. To meet the heavy expenses which would thus be incurred. Dr. Birkbeck 
 very generously advanced whatever sums were required. A quotation from the speech 
 he delivered on the occasion of laying the foundation stone of the lecture theatre may 
 here be introduced. " My friends, we are about to erect a temple to the increase ot 
 knowledge, to the diifusion of the riches of the mind, to the amelioration of the human 
 intellect ; we are proceeding to found an Institution for the improvement of the noblest 
 faculties of man, to which the invitation shall be as universal as the dominion of know- 
 ledge, to the highest and humblest, alike and equal." 
 
 Among the many fiiends of education who zealously supported Dr. Birkbeck in his 
 work may be mentioned his Koyal Highness the Duke of Sussex, the Duke of Bed- 
 ford, the Marquis of Lansdowne, Lord Althorpe, Lord (then Mr.) Brougham, Sir 
 Francis Burdett, and several other Noblemen, Members of Parliament, and Gentle- 
 men eminent for their scientific and literary attainments. A writer, speaking of the 
 founding of the Institution, says : — " It will form one of the most shining pages of 
 history : the Working Classes now possess an Institution where they can drink deep of 
 the arts and sciences, and be enabled to penetrate that veil which formerly obscured 
 the lights of learning from their eyes." 
 
 Secr^ary, Mr. G. M. Norris, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. 
 
 City of liOndou College, Sussex Hall, 52, Leadenhall 
 Street, E.C. Patron, Her Majesty the Queen. In union with the 
 Society of Arts and the Government Department of Science and 
 Art. Formerly " The Metropolitan Evening Classes for Young Men." 
 A well-supplied Reading Room, a Coffee Room, open during the day, 
 and a Library. 
 
 Evening Classes. — There are numerous Classes, the subjects of 
 instruction being Divinity, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, English, French, 
 German, Spanish, Italian, Writing, Arithmetic, Book-keeping, Algebra, 
 Mensuration, Geometry; Drawing — Freehand, Geometrical, Machine 
 Construction, and Building ; Natural Philosophy, Physiology, Chemistry, 
 Magnetism and Electricity, Political Economy, Elocution, , Shorthand, 
 Memory, Vocal and Instrumental Music. Each class is under the 
 superintendence of a competent Master; and upon a requisition of 
 twelve members, other classes may be formed. There are weekly 
 Lectures and Entertainments, to which the Pupils of the Classes are 
 free. Ladies are admitted to the Vocal Music Classes. 
 
 Fees. — The Reading Room Subscription is 3s. per Term, los. 6d. peV annum. 
 Fees to the Classes vary from 5s. to "s. 6d. per Term. 
 
 Professor Morley, addressing the Students at the opening of a recent Session, 
 said he had worked for eight years at the Evening Classes at King's College, and 
 knew what the work was, and the worth of it. He urged the Students he was 
 addressing, in the first place, to study with faithfulness to do all they had to do with 
 a good motive, and to do it well. He wished to impress upon them the folly of being 
 too vain of their attainments, as the extent of knowledge was such that six lives would 
 not enable them to arrive at complete proficiency in any one subject. When they 
 considered the vast extent of knowledge, and what little even the most learned 
 philosophers knew compared with what still remained to be known, they would see 
 the foolishness of being too proud of the little knowledge they possessed. They 
 should strive to attain to as much as was possible in the condition in which they were 
 placed. Every youth should look forward to his future life, and make out a course 
 for himself. In doing so he would often, perhaps, dream of impossibilities, which, 
 however, often became less like impossibilities as he advanced. 
 
WORKING MEN'S COLLEGE. 309 
 
 Working Men's College. — Affiliated to the University of 
 London. Founded in 1854. The Students are chiefly Working Men, 
 who receive instruction in Evening Classes. A Bible Class meets on 
 Sundays. The Teachers are, in general, Members of the Universities, 
 and of different Professions, or those who have themselves been Students 
 of the College. Instruction is provided at the smallest possible cost 
 (the teaching being almost wholly unpaid) in the subjects which most 
 concern English Citizens, and thus places a Liberal Education within 
 the reach of Working Men. 
 
 The College is divided into six Classes : — i. The general body of 
 Matriculated Students. 2. Certificated Students, to whom at the end 
 «of any Course a Certificate of Competency shall be awarded in the 
 subject of the Course. 3. Scholars who prove themselves competent in 
 any one Department of the College Studies. 4. Associates, or perma- 
 nent Members of the College, being such Students as have shown by 
 Examination that they have attained the degree of Liberal Education 
 which the Council believes to be within the reach of Members of a 
 Working Men's College. 5. Fellows : chosen out of the Associates. 
 The Fellows take part in the education of this College, and may assist 
 in establishing and canying on other Colleges. They are chosen by 
 the Council, after due consideration of proficiency shown by them in 
 the Associate Examination. Moral qualities, a capacity for teaching, 
 and a willingness to tea:ch, will be considered indispensable. 6. The 
 Council of Teachers. The Council will be recruited from the Fellows 
 to the extent of at least one-third of its Members. 
 
 The College buildings consist of two houses in Great Ormond Street, 
 London. Six Class Rooms have recently been erected, at a cost of 
 more than ;^2,4oo. There is a Museum and a Library, and an 
 increasing collection of Casts for Art Classes, and of Philosophical 
 Instruments for Students of Science. There is a Coffee and Con- 
 versation Room, in which refreshments are suppUed on very moderate 
 terms. 
 
 The Syllabus of Studies includes — i. Mathematics, four years' 
 course ; fees, 3s. each term. 2. Language and Literature, English, 
 French, German, Latin, and Greek, one hour a week, 2s. each term ; 
 two hours a week, 3s. 6d. per term. 3. Physical Science, one hour a 
 week, 2S. ; two hours, 3s. per terra. 4. History, including Geography, 
 two years' course ; for one hour weekly, 2s. ; two hours, 3s. per term. 
 5. Drawing 4s. per term. 6. Music, is. 6d. and 2s. the half-year. 
 Bible Class free to all Members. 
 
 There are Free Lectures upon Subjects selected by the Executive 
 Committee, and published in the Current Programmes ; and an Adult 
 School for teaching the Subjects required for entrance into the College, 
 2s. per month. Students must be above sixteen years of age, must 
 know the first four rules of Arithmetic, and be able to read and write. 
 The best time for entering the College is at the beginning of the College 
 year in October, or in March, at the beginning of the Third Term ; 
 but Students may enter at any time. 
 
 The College year begins about the end of October, and consists of 
 four regular Terms of eight or nine weeks each, and a Vacation Term 
 of from eight to ten weeks. General Lectures on the College Studies 
 are given every Saturday at 8.30 p.m. During the first Term of each 
 
310 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 College year these Lectures are by the Teachers upon the special work 
 of their respective Classes. 
 
 Examinations are held in the last week of December. Examinations 
 for Certificates are also held at the end of each Course of Study. Can- 
 didates for a Certificate must have attended the College for at least four 
 Terms, and for a Scholarship or an Associateship at least eight Terms. 
 
 Certificates. — Every Class is Examined at the end of its Course, 
 and Certificates are adjudged to Students who show a competent know- 
 ledge of the Subject. • The names of those who, though not obtaining 
 Certificates, pass the Examination with credit, are posted on the walls 
 of the College. Every member of the class is expected to submit him- 
 self for this Examination. « 
 
 Associateship. — To become Associates, Students must pass an 
 Examination in the following subjects, viz. : — i. Bible History. 2. 
 English History. 3. English Grammar^ 4. Arithmetic up to Fractions 
 and Proportion, They must also either obtain, or have obtained, Cer* 
 tificates in any two of the following subjects, viz. : — Algebra and 
 advanced Arithmetic, Geometry, Trigonometry, Conic Sections, Botany, 
 Physiology, Geology and Physical Geography, Mechanics, Hydrostatics, 
 Optics, English History, with questions in general Geography, English 
 Language, Logic, Music, Drawing, French, Latin, German, Greek. (If 
 Mathematical subjects only are taken, however, three Certificates will be 
 required.) 
 
 Scholarships. — Candidates fof a Scholarship in any Department 
 will be Examined in the subjects specified under the corresponding 
 head in the following list : — History. — General knowledge of English 
 History ; a particular knowledge of either Constitutional, Literary, or 
 Social History of England ; qjitlines of Ancient History or of Modem 
 History. Languages. — English (including Grammar), French or Ger- 
 man, elements of Latin. Mathematics. — Algebra, Geometry, Trigono- 
 metry, Mechanics, Conic Sections, Astronomy. Physical Science. — -- 
 Natural Philosophy, Botany, Physiology, Zoology, Geology, Chemistry. 
 Any three of these subjects. 
 
 Principal, Rev. F. D. Maurice, M.A., 
 
 45, Great Ormond Street, London, W. 
 
 Working Men's College, South London. — Opened in 
 January, 1868, for the purpose of affording to the Working Men of 
 South London, and their Families, thorough Education at the smallest 
 possible expense. The Evening Classes and Adult Schools are open to 
 Males and Fetnales, and there are Day Schools for Girls and Boys.- The 
 Constitution of the College is in chief matters similar to that of the 
 College in Great Ormond Street, and the Instruction provided takes the 
 same wide range of subjects. 
 
 In addition to its own Examinations and Awards, the College prepares 
 Students for the Society of Arts' Examinations, and the Govern- 
 ment Science and Art Departments. 
 
 ?EES. — Drawing, 5s. per quarter ; English History, 2S. ; Latin, 3s. 6d. ; French, 
 3s. 6d. ; English, 2S. 6d. ; Arithmetic, 2S. 6d. ; Algebra, 3s. 6d. ; Geometry, 3s. 6d. ; 
 Mechanics, 3s. 6d. ; Chemistry, Inorganic and Practical, 55. each ; Physics, Animal 
 Physiology, Geology, Metallurgy, 3s. 6d. each ; Applied Mechanics and Political 
 Economy, 2s. 6d. each. In addition to the Class Fees each Member pays on entrance 
 a fee of is. 6d., and also 6d. a month during attendance. 
 
 Hon, Sec, William Rossiter, 91, Blackfriars Road. 
 
WATT INSTITUTION. 311 
 
 Royal Polytechnic Institution, London. — Educational 
 Section. — In Connection with the Government Department of 
 Science and Art, and the Society of Arts. Classes are in operation 
 for imparting instruction in the various branches of Classical and 
 Scientific knowledge. Most of the Classes assemble in the Evenings, 
 from half-past seven to ten o'clock. There are Morning Classes for 
 instruction in Drawing, Latin (for Ladies engaged in Tuition), and 
 German. The Evening Classes embrace Acoustics, Light, and Heat ; 
 Algebra; Arithmetic; Animal Physiology; Book-keeping; Chemistry; 
 Church History ; Drawing ; Electricity and Magnetism ; Elocution ; 
 English Grammar ; French ; German ; Geography ; Geometry ; Greek 
 and Latin ; Italian ; Mathematics ; Metallurgy ; Scripture History ; 
 Shorthand, and Writing. Other Glasses will be formed upon 
 demand. 
 
 Ladies and Gentlemen are admitted. Regular attendants at these 
 Classes are admissible to the Examinations and Competitions for Prizes 
 of the Science and Art Department, and the Society of Arts. 
 Members of the Educational Department are limited ■fb certain Rooms 
 and Hours, but upon payment of an extra fee of half-a-crown each 
 quarter, they are admissible to all the other parts of the building, 
 and to all the Public Lectures and Entertainments given at the In- 
 stitution. 
 
 Fees. — The payments per quarter range from 5s. to los. each Class, for one or two 
 Lessons each week. Inorganic Chemistry ; Sound, Light, and Heat ; Electricity 
 and Magnetism ; Metallurgy ; and Animal Physiology, jTi the Course of thirty 
 Lessons, 
 
 Director, Rev, C. Mackenzie, A.M. 
 
 Watt Institution and School of Arts, Edinburgh. — At- 
 tendance on the Classes of this Institution qualifies for Examination for 
 the Certificates and Prizes of the Science and Art Department and 
 the Society of Arts. When a Student has attended the Classes of 
 Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, and Chemistry for at ' least one 
 Session each, and if he has been successful in passing an Examination in 
 each of these branches, he is entitled to a Diploma, which enables him 
 to attend the Classes of the School for life. The possession of this 
 document affords satisfactory proof that its holder has undergone a 
 superior scientific education ; and there are many instances in which 
 young men who have gained this distinction have succeeded in obtain- 
 ing the best situations in the departments of industry to which they 
 respectively belong. Ladies are admitted to the Classes. The Lectures 
 and Classes embrace all the leading subjects of Modern Education, and 
 are arranged into two Sessions, Summer and Winter ; a new Programme 
 being issued for each prospective Session. 
 
 Examinations and Prizes. — At the close of a recent Session twenty- 
 three Students competed at the Examinations instituted by the Society 
 of Arts, London, with which Society the School is in connection by 
 Subscription. Of these, eighteen were successful in obtaining Certificates 
 — viz., five third-class and four second-class in Arithmetic ; four third- 
 class and one second-class in French ; two third-class in Book-keeping ; 
 one second-class and one third-cJass in Geography ; one third-class in 
 English History; one third-class in Domestic Economy; one third- 
 
312 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 class in Latin, Mensuration, Logic, and Mental Science ; and one first- 
 class in theory of Music. Prizes are also awarded by the Institution for 
 proficiency in particular Studies. 
 
 Fees. — For each Class 5s. per Session ; or 7s. 6d. to any two Classes. A Matricu- 
 lation Fee of IS. is payable by each Student. 
 
 Secretary, Robt. T. Scott. 
 
 Dollar Institution. — Owes its origin to the munificence of John 
 Macnab, who died in London in 1802. It was erected in 1818, and 
 placed under Trustees by Act of Parliament in 1847. It is situated in 
 a beautiful and healthy locality, of easy access by Railway, and within a 
 short distance of Edinburgh and Glasgow. The Course of Instruction 
 is so regulated as to prepare Pupils for the Universities, for Army or 
 Civil Engineering Appointments, or for Commercial Pursuits. ' The 
 Engineering Course is recognised by the Secretary of State for India as 
 adequate for the preparation of Candidates for Civil Engineering appoint- 
 ments in that country. 
 
 There are special written Examinations throughout the year, and near 
 the close of each Session. Examiners, sent by the Syndicate of the 
 University of Cambridge, subject all the Classes to a strict Examination, 
 and report to the Trustees. Medals, Prize-books, and Certificates of 
 Merit are conferred on the most deserving Pupils at the end of each 
 Session. 
 
 Young Ladies' Classes for English, French, German, Italian, 
 Writing, Arithmetic, Drawing, and Sewing, meet at separate hours, and 
 there is every facility for obtaining instruction in Music. 
 
 Fees. — The Fees for Parishioners are very moderate, and vary according to circum- 
 stances that can best be locally ascertained. Extra Parochial Pupils pay a general 
 Fee of ;^5 5s., or in the Junior School ;^2 los., and a Tuition Fee of ^2 2s. per annum. 
 Boarders are received by most of the Masters, and by other respectable residents, at 
 terms varying from £ifi to £ba per Session, inclusive of School Fees. There is an 
 excellent Library in the Institution free to Pupils and residents, and open on Saturday 
 from 9 to II. The Session is divided into two half-yearly terms, beginning about the 
 middle of September and" the 1st of March. 
 
 Prindpal, Rev. Wm. Barrack, M.A. 
 
 Hartley Institution, Southampton. — Founded 1859 by the 
 bequest of the late Henry Robinson Hartley; opened 1862, by the 
 late Lord Palmerston. The Institution provides Classes for systematic 
 instruction in various branches of Science and Art. Courses of Lectures 
 on subjects of Literary, Scientific, or Artistic interest j and Meetings for 
 the encouragement and diffusion of useful knowledge. A Laboratory 
 for instruction in Physical Science and the pursuit of experimental 
 investigations. A Museum to illustrate the Natural History of the 
 district, the various branches of knowledge taught in the Institution, 
 and the more important Arts and Manufactures. A Library of works of 
 general interest and reference ; and a Reading Room, in which are 
 provided the leading Journals of Science and Literature. A Society for 
 the cultivation of Literature and Science, by the reading of original 
 papers, demonstration of specimens, and other appropriate means. A 
 Department has lately been added to provide Preliminary Medical 
 Education. Arrangements are in progress for the addition of a Fine 
 Art Gallery, and also an Observatory and a Botanical Garden. 
 
HARTLEY INSTITUTION. 313 
 
 Department of General Literature and Science. — The object of 
 this Department is to provide systematic instruction for Students who, 
 having left School, require to carry on their Education generally, or to 
 pursue a Course of advanced study in any especial branches ; or to pre- 
 pare for the various Competitive Examinations in the Home and Indian 
 Services ; for Woolwich, Sandhurst, and the Line ; for the Preliminary 
 Examinations of the different Professional Boards ; or for Graduation 
 at either of the Universities. Attached to the Institution is a suite of 
 rooms for Drawing in all its branches, which, in common with a con- 
 siderable portion of the building, have been erected under the super- 
 vision of the Government Department of Science and Art, under 
 whose general superintendence the Classes in both Science and Drawing 
 are placed. 
 
 Department of Mechanical and Technical Science. — In this 
 Department Students are prepared by a graduated course of instruction 
 in theoretical and applied Science for the professions of Engineering, 
 Architecture, and Surveying, for Manufacturing pursuits, and for the 
 Examinations for appointments in the Public Works Department, and 
 the Telegraphic and Forest Services of India, and for the Whitworth 
 Scholarships. The Course is arranged to cover a period of one, two, or 
 three years, according to the requirements of the Student. It is the 
 special object in this Department to train young men not only for En- 
 gineering and Architecture as distinct professions, but for all other occu- 
 pations in which a knowledge of the principles of Applied Science and 
 Practical Mechanics is useful. Hence it is calculated to be of great 
 value to all who have any prospect of emigrating or of entering into 
 any branch of manufacturing business. In the advanced portion of 
 the Course the Student will be afforded opportunities for obtaining a 
 practical acquaintance with Building and Engineering Construction in 
 connection with works in actual progress, and with the construction and 
 use of Steam Machinery in connection with one of the large Packet 
 Companies attached to the Port. They will also be instructed in 
 laying out work, taking out quantities, drawing specifications, book- 
 keeping, &c. It will be thus seen that such a Course, whilst combining 
 most of the advantages of ordinary apprenticeship, will enable the Student 
 to acquire a knowledge of subjects which can only be properly studied 
 in a regular educational institution. 
 
 In connection with this Department there is a Special Course on 
 Telegraphy, which may be taken on payment of a Special Fee, and 
 is of two grades : the first deals only with the construction and working 
 of the ordinary instruments employed in the transmission of Telegraphic 
 messages, and is intended to qualify Candidates for appointments as 
 Clerks and Operators ; the second includes a full Course of theoretical 
 and practical instruction in the construction and maintenance both of 
 land and marine Telegraphic Lines, and in the nature and use of the 
 instruments employed in connection with them : this Course is intended 
 for Candidates for appointments as Telegraphic Engineers in the Home 
 and Indian Telegraph Services. 
 
 The Course of Practical Instruction in the Use of Tools, &c., 
 is carried on in the large Works of Messrs. Bull and Sons, Contractors, 
 Southampton, the resources of which have been placed at the disposal 
 of the Institution for this purpose, and which, from their extent, and 
 
314 SOJ^S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 from the variety of work undertaken by the firan, afford the Student 
 opportunities, which it would be very difficult for him to obtain else- 
 where, for acquiring a thoroughly practical knowledge in building con- 
 struction in all its details. 
 
 The Department of Art is organised as a School of Art, under the 
 supervision of, and upon the Regulations laid down by, the Government 
 Department of Science and Art. 
 
 The Department of Preliminary Medical Education has been 
 instituted with the following design : — The object of this Course is not 
 to supersede the regular curriculum prescribed by the Medical Council, 
 but to prepare Students for it, and to bridge over the interval which 
 intervenes between the age when they generally leave school, and that 
 at which they should commence the curriculum. This interval was 
 formerly filled by the system of apprenticeship, but that system has now , 
 fallen into almost complete disuse ; and whilst, on the one hand, nothing 
 has been provided in its place, on the other, both the number and the 
 scope of the subjects Which are included in the curriculum have so in- 
 creased that it is scarcely possible for a Student who commences it 
 without previous preparation to obtain an adequate acquaintance with 
 even a majority of them in the time allotted for the purpose. Arrange- 
 ments have been made by which Students during this part of the Course 
 will be permitted to attend the Medical and Surgical Practice of the 
 Royal Infirmary of Southampton, containing upwards of one hundred 
 beds, under the supervision and instruction of the Medical and Surgical 
 staff of that Institution. They will commence their Course in the In- 
 firmary by receiving instruction in dispensing — a certificate of having 
 studied which for three months is required by the Examining Boards. 
 They will then, provided they have had some preliminary instruction in 
 anatomy and physiology, be allowed to attend such portions of the 
 practice, under the Medical and Surgical Officers of the Institution, as 
 they can, with advantage, follow. Whilst so doing, they will receive 
 instruction in bandaging and other simpler operations of dressing, and 
 those who make sufficient progress to justify this step will be selected to 
 act as clerks and dressers. In addition to its other educational appa- 
 ratus, the Institution contains a fine collection of anatomical models, 
 presented to it by Sir W, Fothergill Cooke, and also a medical library 
 presented by the late Dr. Bullar. 
 
 Exhibitions. — With the view of assisting Parents of limited means to 
 provide for the Education of their Children, and especially of promoting 
 the advancement in life of such Children as may exhibit marked capacity 
 or industry, it is proposed to estabUsh, in connection with the Hartley 
 Institution, a certain number of Exhibitions which will provide a Free 
 Education in the Institution, without Board, for the Students to whom 
 they may be awarded. The Exhibitioners will be required to provide 
 their own books, and also to defray the expense of any materials which 
 they may use in the Laboratory, Drawing Class Room, or Workshop, 
 the cost of which, however, is very small. The Exhibitions, which may 
 be held either in the Department of General Literature or in that of 
 Mechanical and Technical Science, are tenable for one year, at the end 
 of which they will be renewed for another year, and so on, if the con- 
 duct and progress of the Exhibitioners in each case have been satis- 
 factory during the interval, but an Exhibition may be forfeited before 
 
HARTLEY INSTITUTION, 315 
 
 the expiration of the above period by misconduct, irregularity, or want 
 of progress on the part of the Exhibitioner. No Exhibition will be 
 awarded unless one or more of the Candidates shall obtain not less than 
 half of the aggregate marks assigned in all the subjects in which they 
 may present themselves for Examination. 
 
 A Whitworth Exhibition oi £,2^ has been placed at the disposal of 
 the Council by Sir Joseph Whitworth. 
 
 Discipline. — In addition to weekly Examinations 'in the different 
 Classes, a General Examination is held at the close of each term in all 
 the subjects studied during the term, which every Student is required 
 to attend, and the results of which are forwarded to his friends. 
 Although the Students pursue their studies in Class, and therefore, to a 
 great extent in common, the particular object for which each is working 
 is steadily kept in view, and every pains is taken to enable him to 
 compass it as rapidly as is consistent with the attainment of sound 
 knowledge. 
 
 The Academical year, which lasts from the first week in October to 
 the end of July, is divided into three terms, viz., from the first week 
 in October to the third week in December, from the third week in 
 January to the second week in April, and from the first week in May to 
 the last week in July. 
 
 Each Student in the Department of Engineering and Science is 
 required to be at work daily for six hours, viz., from 10 till i, and 
 from 2.30 till 5.30, except on Wednesdays and Saturdays, when work 
 ceases at i o'clock. The Laboratory, Workshop,, and Drawing Class 
 Room, however, remain open on Wednesday afternoons, when those 
 Students who wish to do so may work in them. The observance 
 of the above routine will be rigidly enforced in the case of all Students, 
 unless where exemption is granted for any special reason by the Prin- 
 cipal ; and any Student who refuses to comply with it will be dismissed 
 from the Institution. The arrangement of the hours of work is such 
 that, as a rule, the mornings are devoted to theoretical work in the 
 Class Rooms, and the afternoons to practical work in the Drawing 
 Class Room, Laboratory, Workshop, or in the Field. 
 
 Evening Classes. — These classes are intended to meet the require- 
 ments of Engineers, Clerks, Apprentices, Artisans, and others, who are 
 engaged during the day. The subjects of the current Session are 
 Mathematics, Navigation, Book-keeping, Mechanics, Chemistry, Draw- 
 ing, Steam, Light, Heat, Sound, Electricity, and Magnetism ; Physiology, 
 French, German, and Shorthand. The Students at these Evening 
 Classes are admitted to compete for the Prizes of the Science and Art 
 Department ; and Prizes are also given by the Council of the Hartley 
 Institution, 
 
 Fees. — The Fees vary according to the subjects and the period for which instruc- 
 tion is required, but average £\o for the term of three months, or;^25 for the Aca- 
 demical Year, for a complete Course in all the subjects. Students may enter for one or 
 more Classes at their option. Those who wish to prepare for any Special Examina- 
 tion may pay a composition fee, which varies according to the nature of the Examina- 
 tion, and the period for which they will require instruction. In addition to the above 
 fees, each Student is required to pay annually a fee of los. 6d., which entitles him to 
 the use of the Library and Reading Room of the Institution, and also admits him to 
 the course of Public Lectures. In the Engineering Department the fee for the com- 
 plete Course, exclusive of the workshop, is £,\o for the term; or^fzs for the Aca- 
 demical Year. Students may also take out any portion of the course, for which they 
 
3i6 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 will be charged a fee according to arrangement. Students will be provided with the 
 tools and apparatus required in the Course, except Drawing Instruments, but they will 
 be required to pay for materials which they consume either in the Laboratory, Work- 
 shop, or Drawing Classes. In the Medical Department the fees for the portion of 
 the course of instruction which is carried on in the Institution are the same as those in 
 the Department of General Literature and Science, any of the Classes in which the 
 Student»is at liberty to attend. Indeed, it is specially recommended that all Students 
 who can afford time to do so should attend the classes in French, German, and Draw- 
 ing, unless they have already attained a fair <legree of proficiency in these subjects. 
 The fee for the Infirmary Course, including dispensing, is £^ 5s. for six months, or 
 £ia IDS. for perpetual attendance. Students while attending this Course may also 
 receive instruction in Vaccination, as required by the Examining Boards, the fee for 
 which is £\ IS. The fees for the Evening Classes are generally 5s. per term. 
 Students come from distant parts to avail themselves of the advantages of the Institu- 
 tion : there are Pupils at present from Ireland, Scotland, and India. There are four 
 Houses in connection with the Institution in which Students may be Lodged and 
 Boarded at from;f6 6s. \.a£'l 7s. per month. 
 
 Principal, Francis T. Bond, M.D. 
 
 Eton College. — Founded by Henry VI. for five-and-twenty 
 Scholars. At present the constituent body is formed of a Provost, 
 seven Fellows, a Head Master, a Second Master, three Chaplains, with 
 numerous Choristers and Lay Clerks, and seventy Foundation Scholars. 
 The King's or Foundation Scholars are elected by the Provost and two 
 Fellows of King's College, Cambridge. Candidates are required to be 
 apt for study, of good morals, and competently skilled in reading, plain- 
 song, and grammar. No one is to be elected who has not completed 
 his eighth year, nor who has exceeded his twelfth, unless,, being under 
 seventeen, he has made such progress that, in the judgment of the 
 electors, he can be made a sufficiently good grammarian before com,'- 
 plating his eighteenth year. Preference is given to Candidates born on 
 the College estates ; but this preference, and other restrictions as to 
 birth and physical disqualifications, will in all probability be abolished 
 or modified at an early date, The Collegers were formerly admitted by 
 nomination; they are now required to undergo a competitive Exa- 
 mination. 
 
 Besides the Foundationers, the College is resorted to by many Non- 
 Foundationers, to the number of more than seven hundred. The Schools 
 are divided into Upper and Lower ; and these again into three Upper 
 and three Lower Forms. 
 
 Admission. — No Boy is admitted to the Upper School after fourteen 
 years of age. Before being admitted, the Candidate miist pass an 
 Examination, consisting of easy translations from EngUsh into Latin 
 prose and verse, and from Greek and Latin into English. The rejected 
 Candidates usually enter through the Lower School, which admits any 
 Boy who can read, and after a period rise into the Upper School, when 
 past the age at which they could originally have entered there. >• 
 
 The Course of Instruction in the Upper School is at present Classical 
 and Mathematical, the Classical element predominating. Boys may 
 obtain extra teaching in French, German, Italian, Drawing, Music, and 
 other optional subjects, from resident or non-resident Teachers. In the 
 Lower School, Music and Drawing are now regularly taught. 
 
 Exhibitions and Scholarships. — There are numerous Exhibitions, 
 Scholarships, and Prizes, including Scholarships at King's College, 
 
RUGBY SCHOOL. 317 
 
 Cambridge, the Newcastle Scholarships and the Tomline Prize ot Books, 
 value £,10, for Mathematics. 
 
 Fees. — ^The Expenses of a Colleger may be estimated at from ^2^ to £,i,o a year, 
 A resident Oppidan for Board and Tuition, and some necessary Extras, about ;^i 50 
 per annum. 
 
 Principal, Rev. C. O. Goodford, D.D. 
 
 Harrovr Sch.ool, Harrow-on-the-Hill, Middlesex. Founded 
 by John Lyon as a Free Grammar School ; chartered in the reign of Queen 
 Elizabeth. The constitution of the School has lately been modified. 
 Course of Instruction : the usual subjects of EngUsh Education, with 
 French and German, and special subjects by Private Tuition. 
 
 Scholarships. — ^John Lyon's, Two of j[,2>° ^ year for four years to 
 either University. Mr, Sayer's, Two of 50 guineas a year for four years 
 to Caius College, Cambridge. Mr. Neeld's, Two of ^^30 a year for 
 three years to any College at Oxford. Isabella Gregory's, One of ;^ioo 
 a year for four years to either University. Earl Spencer's, One of jQ^P 
 a year for three years to either University. Mr. Beriah Botfield's, One 
 of ;^6o a year for three years to either University. Also Gold Medals. 
 Four Prizes of ;^io, £,t^, £^j„ and £,2 respectively, for Knowledge of 
 the Holy Scriptures. Four Prizes of ;^io, £^, £2,, and £2 respectively, 
 for Knowledge of Modern History and English Literature. Also Gold 
 Medals and numerous other Prizes. 
 
 No Boy can be admitted into the School after completing his fifteenth 
 year, nor (in any case) without a certificate of good conduct from the 
 Master or Tutor under whom he has been previously educated. No 
 Boy can be admitted into the School unless he is able to pass an 
 Entrance Examination, showing that he has made some progress in 
 • Latin, in Greek, and in Arithmetic. No Boy can remain in the School 
 after he is sixteen, unless he has reached at least the Shell ; after seventeen, 
 unless he has reached at least the Fifth Form ; or after eighteen, unless 
 he has reached the Sixth Form. 
 
 Fees. — School charges, per annum, £io; Mathematics, £^ ; French and German, 
 (,2 Ss. ; Private Tuition, ;^I5 : total per annum, for the School, £^\ 55. Boarders 
 are received by the Masters at £t&, £7S, and ;^I3S. To the above, Entrance Fees, 
 amounting to ^12, have to be added. A Day School has been added, to give Com- 
 mercial Education to the sons of residents in Harrow, at ;^5 per annum. 
 
 Head Master, Dr. Butler. 
 
 Rugby SchooL — Founded 1567 by Laurence Sheriffe, a native 
 of Rugby, one of the Gentlemen of the Court of Princess Elizabeth, and 
 afterwards a Grocer, and Second Warder of the Grocers' Company. 
 The benefits of the Foundation had been originally confined to Rugby 
 and four neighbouring parishes ; but in the year 1777 an Act of Parlia- 
 ment extended these benefits to places lying within five mUes of Rugby, 
 and a number of Exhibitions were founded, which have since been 
 considerably augmented, and which are open to the competition of 
 Members of the School, without preference to any part of the Kingdom. 
 
 The School is divided for teaching purposes into five parts. The 
 highest consists of the Sixth Form, with about 45 boys. The next is 
 the Upper School, containing four Forms, or about 135 boys; the next 
 is the Upper Middle School, with about 140 boys ; then the Lower 
 Middle School, with about 130 boys ; and, lastly, the Lower School, 
 
3i8 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 with about 50 boys. The average ages of the boys in these five divisions 
 will not be far from 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, respectively. 
 
 Exhibitions, Prizes, &c. — The Exhibitions are at present Twenty in 
 number, and of values varying from £?>o to £^,0 a year, tenable for 
 four years. They are vacated if the holders fail to keep the annual 
 residence required by the Regulations of the Colleges or Halls to which 
 they belong, commencing with the term immediately following their 
 election. Five are regularly vacated each year, and to these, as well as 
 to such broken ones as are vacated by the above conditions. Elections 
 are made in July of the boys found most proficient in Divinity, Classics, 
 Mathematics, Natural Science, Modem Languages and History, by 
 Examiners appointed by the Vice-Chancellors of the Universities. Her 
 Majesty has been graciously pleased to found an Annual Prize of a 
 Gold Medal for an EngUsh Historical Essay. There are also numerous 
 Prizes, varying from _^3 to £\o in value, awarded upon Examination 
 in Classical Subjects. 
 
 The Natural Sciences form a prominent feature in the School 
 Tuition, and the following Prizes for the encoiiragement of Scientific 
 acquirements, and open to the whole School, are worthy of mention : — ■ 
 
 Phyncs, Three Guineas. Examination at the end of the Summer Term. Sub- 
 jects foi- next Examination : — Heat, Magnetism, and Electricity. 
 
 Chemistry. Three Guineas. Examination at the end of the Summer Term. 
 Subjects : — ^The Non-Metallic Elements, and the more important Metals. 
 
 Mechanics., Two Guineas. Examination at the end of November. Subjects : — 
 The Mechanical Powers, Strength of Materials, Elements of Mechanism. 
 
 Geology. Two Guineas. Examination in the Summer Term. Subject : — Lyell's 
 Principles and Elements. 
 
 Botany. Two Guineas. Examination in Winter Term. Subjects : — Special 
 subject, the Buttercup, Rose, and Composite Families. 
 
 Practical Chemistry. A Prize, value Three Guineas, for proficiency in Practical 
 Chemistry and Analysis. 
 
 Natural History. Prizes are given every year for Collections of Wild Flowers, 
 Insects, and Fossils, made in the neighbourhood of Rugby. 
 
 A Prize for Collections of Dried Plants made anywhere in the Summer Holi- 
 days. 
 Special subjects are previously announced, and the Lectures by the Professors upon 
 the subjects chosen are preparatory to the Prize Examinations. 
 
 Admission. — Boys have to undergo an Entrance Examination. They 
 are admitted from about the age of thirteen, and are placed in various 
 forms of the School, according to their ages and proficiency. Copies of 
 the Examination papers set on the last Examination may be procured 
 by remitting seven postage stamps to Mr. Billington, Bookseller, Rugby. 
 
 Fees.- — Entrance, £2 2s. Tuition, £22 is. per annum. Board, about ;^6o per 
 annum. Private Tutor, ^10 los. In addition to the School House, accommoda- 
 tion, is provided for Boarders in the residences of several of the Masters. The year 
 is divided into three Terms. 
 
 ^«(^ Jj^aj/iw-, Rev. Henrv Hayman, D.D. 
 
 Wincliester Colleg:e.--The Scholars on the Foundation are 
 elected after a Competitive Examination. No Boy is received after 
 completing his fifteenth year, except under special circumstances, and on 
 condition of his being able to take a good position in the School. Boys 
 under that age are required to join some Class in the School. 
 
 The Scholarships are open to the competition of all Boys who have 
 reached the eleventh and not completed the fourteenth year of their 
 
CHRIST'S HOSPITAL SCHOOL. 319 
 
 age on the ist of July preceding the Election. An Examination 
 graduated in difficulty according to the age of the Candidates is held at 
 the College annually in the month of July. The relative proficiency of 
 the Candidates, as exhibited in this Examination, determines the Elec- 
 tion ; in cases of equal merit, the choice of the Electors is influenced by 
 the character of the Candidates, and their pecuniary circumstances as 
 stated in the Declaration of their parents. 
 
 The Exhibitions (eight in number) are open to all Boys nnAtr fifteen 
 years of age, whether already in the School as Commoners or fiot. 
 These are of the annual value of ;^So each, and are tenable during the 
 whole of the Exhibitioner's stay in the School, unless vacated by his 
 subsequent Election to a Scholarship, or by forfeiture on account of 
 misconduct. The Examination for the Exhibition is conducted at the 
 same time as that for the Scholarships. 
 
 Notice of Candidates for the Scholarships or Exhibitions must be 
 given on or before the ist of June in each year. 
 
 Such Notice, addressed to J. D. Walford, Esq., College Street, Win- 
 chester, must be accompanied by the following papers : — i. Certificate 
 of Baptism. 2. Certificate of character and conduct, specifying the 
 length of time to which it applies, from the Schoolmaster or Tutor under 
 whom the Candidate has been last placed. 
 
 A Declaration signed by one of the Parents of the Candidate, or, if 
 both Parents be dead, by the person best qualified to give the necessary 
 evidence. Forms of the Declaration will be supplied on application to 
 J. D. Walford, Esq., College Street, Winchester. 
 
 The Candidates are examined: — i. In Elementary Religious Know- 
 ledge. 2. English Dictation. 3. Arithmetic. 4. Latin Composition, 
 Verse and Prose. 5. Construing and parsing in Greek and Latin. 
 
 Besides the subjects specified above, others not declared beforehand 
 are introduced from time to time ; copies of questions set at previous 
 Elections are not issued ; nor are the particular Books in which the 
 Candidates will be examined previously stated. 
 
 The Scholarships of New College, Oxford, are open to all Boys alike, 
 who have received their education at the School of Winchester College, 
 whether as Scholars or as Commoners. 
 
 Fees. — The annual total of the three Tenninal School accoants — comprising, 
 besides the School charges and a general charge of 2 guineas for Medical Attendance, 
 a boy's personal bills for books, clothes, &c.— averages, for a Scholar, ^f 35 ; for a 
 Commoner, £mo. The Commoners are received in Boarding-Houses by the several 
 Masters, each house accommodating about thirty boys. 
 
 Head Master, Dr. Ridding. 
 
 Christ's Hospital School, London. — [The system of the Hos- 
 pital being at present under revision, with reference to the requirements 
 and provisions of the "Endowed Schools Act, 1869," the General Court 
 of Governors have decided to suspend for the present (1871) the usual 
 issue of Presentations for the Admission of Children.] The principal 
 Regulations hitherto prevailing have been, — that Children must be 
 between eight and eleven years of age, and free from disease, as well as 
 from any physical defect which would render them unable to take 
 care of themselves ; that their Parents (if one or both be living) have 
 not adequate means of educating and maintaining them ; and that the 
 
320 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Children have not such means of their own. The points as to health 
 are ascertained by an Examination made by the Medical Officers at the' 
 Hospital the day previous to the meeting of the Governors for the 
 Admission of Children. 
 
 A written statement— showing the amount of Income, with particulars 
 of its source or sources, the total number of children in the family, and 
 of these how many are still young and dependent, and any other relevant 
 circumstances^s in each case required to be made in the Petition on 
 the form of " Presentation," for th'e consideration of the Court or Com- 
 mittee of Governors, who have the power to reject any case which they 
 may not deem a proper one for admission to the charitable advantages 
 of the Institution. 
 
 The form of Presentation is to be obtained from the individual 
 Governor presenting ; and the Child's name in full is to be inscribed 
 therein by such Governor, with a statement of his conscientious belief 
 that the Child so presented is a proper object for admission into this 
 Hospital. Certificates of the Parents' Marriage, and of the Child's 
 Birth and Baptism, must in all cases be produced before the Child's 
 admission, and be permanently deposited at the Counting-House of the 
 Hospital, with the Presentation. When a Child is brought to the 
 Counting-House with a view to admission, after the completion and 
 deposit there of all the necessary documents, the personal attendance of the 
 Parent (if living) is required, to answer any further inquiries the Court 
 or Committee may think proper to make as to the pecuniary or other 
 circumstances of the case> 
 
 All Boys are required, as a preliminary to admission, to pass an 
 Examination as to their previous attainments ; such Examination being 
 graduated according to age : — Boys between eight and nine must be 
 able to read with facility any elementary book, to write legibly, and 
 to say the ffiultiplieation table. Between nine and ten, to be able, 
 in addition to the above, to spell fairly from dictation, and to 
 v/ork the four simple rules of arithmetic. Between ten and eleven, in 
 addition to all the previous subjects, to have a fair knowledge of the 
 compound rules of arithmetic. 
 
 Admissions of Children have hitherto taken place at Meetings of the 
 Governors held in February, May, September, and November. 
 
 All Children are sent, immediately on their admission, to the Hos- 
 pital's Preparatory School at Hertford; and from thence boys 
 are drafted periodically, according to their progress, to the London 
 Establishment. 
 
 A General List, containing the names of all the Governors, but not indicating 
 their turns of Presentations, is puWished at the Counting-House of the Hospital, at a 
 charge of 2s. 6d., and can be procured at any time. A List of the Governors in 
 turii to bestow Piiesentations has hitherto been published in March in eath year, 
 price IS.; but in 1871 (the usual issue of Presentations not having taken place), no 
 such List has been published. 
 
 Clerk, M. S. S. Dipnall, Esq. 
 
 St. Paul's School. — Founded for One Hundred and Fifty-three 
 Boys by John Colet, D.D. Governors : the Worshipful Company 
 OF Mercers. " A free school, indeed, to all natives or foreigners, of 
 what country whatsoever, here to have their education (none being 
 excluded by their nativity, which exclude not themselves by their 
 
MERCHANT TAYLOR^ SCHOOL. 321 
 
 uriworthiness), to the number of one hundred fifty and ' three (as many 
 fishes as were caught in the net by the apostle, John xxi. 1 1), whereof 
 every year some appearing most pregnant (by unpartial examination) 
 have salaries allowed them for seven years, or until they get better 
 preferment in the Church or University." — Fuller's Church History, 
 Book V. Cent. xvi. 13. 
 
 Exhibitions. — The four following Exhibitions, from either the founda- 
 tion of Viscount Campden, 1685, or the general income of the School, 
 are given annually to Scholars proceeding to the Universities, who have 
 been admitted under the age of fourteen, have remained four whole 
 years, and are in the Eighth Class. 
 
 I. One of £120 for four years, to Oxford or Cambridge. 
 II. One of ;^ioo for four years, to Trinity College, Cambridge. 
 
 III. One of ;^8o for four years, to Trinity College, Cambridge. 
 
 IV. One or more of j^50 for four years, to Oxford or Cambridge. 
 
 These Exhibitioiis are awarded by the Court of Assistants of the 
 Corporation of Mercers, after a strict Examination by two learned 
 Examiners, and upon their recommendation and that of the High 
 Master. 
 
 In the University of .Cambridge there are the following Exhibitions : — 
 
 I. Five Exhibitions at Trinity, founded by Mr. Perry, a.d. 1696, of the value of 
 £,n a year. 
 
 II. Two Exhibitions at St. John's, of the value of £\o a year, for the Sons of 
 Clergj-men, founded by Dr. Gower, A.D. 1711. 
 
 III. An Exhibition, founded by Mr. Stock, 1 780, at Corpus Christi, of the yearly 
 value of ;^30, tenable until the person holding it shall be of standing to take the 
 degree of B.A., or, if the Master and Fellows think fit, until he is of standing to take 
 the degree of M.A., but no longer. Given to a Scholar recommended by the High 
 Master. 
 
 IV. Four Exhibitions, in the same College, value ;f 10 a year each, founded by Mr. 
 George Sykes, a.d. 1766, consolidated now in one Exhibition, value ;f 36 a year. 
 
 There is also the " Keen's Scholarship," value £z°t tenable for one 
 year, given to the Scholar proceeding to Oxford or Cambridge who is 
 most distinguished for proficiency in Mathematics. 
 
 The Apposition occupies usually seven days, the last, or Public Day, being the 
 third or fourth Wednesday in June, when it is usual to commemorate the Founder by 
 an oration in Greek, Latin, or English, Prose or Verse. This is succeeded by three 
 Exercises in Greek Iambics, Latin Hexameters, and Latin Prose ; for the two former 
 of which there are Prizes, founded by the Governors, — for the last (the Latin Essay) 
 the High Master's Prize, founded by the Rev. Dr. Sleath. Prizes are also awarded 
 by the Surveyor Accountant after the Apposition to the Boys most distinguished in 
 the several classes throughout the School, m the Mathematical and French, as well as 
 the Classical Department, on the joint recommendation of the High Master and the 
 Examiners. 
 
 The Lord Chancellor, Baron Truro, founded in 1851 a Prize, in grateful acknow- 
 ledgment of the benefits derived by him from his education in St. Paul's School, 
 investing for that purpose the sum of ;^i,ooo three per cent, consols, the proceeds to 
 be applied to the annual award of a gold medal, value ten guineas, and the remainder 
 in books or money, to the writer of the best English Essay. Sir C. M, Clarke, Bart., 
 the same year founded a Prize for an English Poem on a sacred subject, to be called 
 " The Milton Prize." 
 
 Heccd Master, Rev. Herbert Kynaston. 
 
 Merchant Taylors' School. — Presentations to the School are 
 in the Gift of the Members of the Court of the Merchant Taylors' Com- 
 pany, in rotation. They are generally issued on the First Wednesdays 
 in February, May, July, and November. A List of the Court may be 
 
322 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 obtained, on personal applicatien to the Clefk, at their Hall in Thread- 
 needle Street. 
 
 'Admission. — No Boy is eligible for Admission into the School unless 
 he is Nine Years of Age. He must be able to Read and Write pretty 
 "vrell, and have learned certain parts of the Public School Latin Primer, 
 corresponding to the Accidence in other Grammars. He is also 
 examined in the Church Catechism, and in the early Scripture History. 
 If a Boy is over Eleven Years cff Age, he must be further quahfied to 
 enter upon the Third Form. If over Thirteen, to enter upon -the 
 Upper Division Form. Failure to pass the Entrance Examination 
 causes a Presentation to be forfeited. 
 
 Scholarships and Exhibitions. — All Boys who have been in the 
 School Two Years are considered to be on the Foundation ; that is, are 
 eligible to the Twenty-one Scholarships at St. John's College, Oxford, 
 until the nth of June preceding their Nineteenth Birthday, provided 
 they have entered on or below a certain Form. Candidates for School 
 Fkhibitions may in some cases have passed their Nineteenth Birthday, 
 but must have been a certain time in the School, and attained a certain 
 rank in it, and passed certain Examinations. 
 
 The present Preferments attached to Merchant Taylors' School are as 
 follows : — 
 
 1 . Twenty-one Scholarships to St. John's College, Oxford. The Ordinance provides 
 
 ' that when it comes-fully into^operation, three of these shall be filled up every year. That 
 the yalue of each shall be ;^ioo per annum, inclusive of all allowances. Candidates 
 are to be under Nineteen years of age on the nth of June, which is to be the day of 
 Election, and must have been educated in tlie School for the two years at least last pre- 
 ceding. That the Scholarships shall be tenable for Seven Years, contingently on the 
 holders obtaining towards'the close of the Second Year, and also of the Third Year 
 from their admission, a' Certificate of satisfactory industry, proficiency, and good 
 conduct. 
 
 2. ,Six iBxhibitions to St. John's College, Ox-forA, dn value £60 -per Annum, 
 founded by Dr. Andrew. Candidates must have been at least four years in the School, 
 must not be under Sixteen .or above Twenty years of age, and at the time of their 
 Election must be members of the Table or the Bench. The Exhibitions may be held 
 twelve years, birt are vacated on marrying, or receiving Holy Orders,, or engaging in 
 any employment incompatible with the practice of the Civil Law. They are filled up 
 on the I Ith of June. 
 
 3. One Exhibition of £60 -per Annum at St. John's College, Oxford, tenable for 
 eight years, during residence, "founded by Br. Stuart. The Exhibitioner is nominated 
 by 'the President of St. John's CciUege, Oxford, and the Head Master of the School, 
 ibut (if qualified by attainments and good conduct) "the Senior Scholar who is super- 
 annuated is considered to have the option-of this 'E^diibition. But he must have been 
 at least five years in the School, and at the time of his leaving must be on the Head 
 Foi-m. 
 
 44. One Exhibition to any College in Cambridge, iormitihy "Dr. Si\i2.tt. Tenable 
 for four years^during residence, is worth ;^6i i is. 4d. per Annum, and is now entirely 
 at the disposal of the Court of the 'Company, who fill it up on the •24th of June. 
 IRegard ds' paid 'tc the claims of such Superannuated Scholars as desire to go to Cam- 
 bridge, and 'have been recommended on the previous iitii of June for merit and 
 industry. 
 
 5. Four Exhibitions of £tfiper Annum each, to any College in Camiridge, foimded 
 by Mr. Parkin. One is awardedevSry year tothe-best Mathematician about to leave 
 for Cambridge, and is tenable for four years, during residence. An Examination for 
 it commences on the second Monday before Easter, and Candidates must at that time 
 teiihder Nineteen. 
 
 16. 'Various Exhibitions 'of from £20 to-£%<aper Annum, atany College at Oxford 
 X)r Cambridge. These are filled up by the Courtis occasions or vacancies oocur, 
 reganl being always paid to the character, -ability, and distinctions of the Candidates 
 at School, and at the University also, if they have already proceeded thither. 
 
MEftCHANT TAYLORS' SCffOOL. ■ z^i 
 
 7. 'Chif,offii!>out£62per^twvm, l!t Oftford, c^kd the ^School Exhibition, founded 
 by con,tribfttions flf old §c}ioJars of jMerch^nt laylpisWtenable for fopr ye^rs. It is 
 in the gift of threp Twsteeg (who m^st ,bp thie iFyesi5Jgnt .of iSt. John's, the Head 
 Master of the School JFor the time being, and a Barrister who has been educated 3t the 
 Spljooj), and is filled up pB the ilth of June. Therie is^^thing-Hi the trust-dee^ to 
 limit it to any particular College. 
 
 8. Two Tercentenary Scholarship, founded in 1861, by the old Scholars of Mer- 
 chantTaylors',;Sided by the Boys then in the School, in commemoration of the three 
 hundredth Anniversary. One of these is proposed annually, about the I I'th of June, 
 to any Boys then leaving the Sdhool for the University, who shall desire to compete 
 for it. The annual value of each Scholarship is.;f30. They are tenable for two years 
 (or for such longer term as the funds may hereafter allow), and the successful compe- 
 titor for a Scholarship on each occasion is considered the Tercentenary Scholar for the 
 year in which he is elected. 
 
 9. Pour New Exhibitions, ioMnAei by the 'Court of the Company at the Tercen- 
 tenary in 1861. These are intended for the encouragement of Mathematical Studies. 
 One is given to the second best Mathematician leaving School in each year, if not 
 otherwise provided with School preferment, and if recommended as worthy by the 
 School Mathematical Examiner, and by the Head Master. If there is no such Can- 
 didate on the 24th of June, the Exhibition remains vacant, until Adjudged by the 
 Conrt to sowe other deserving Matheipatical Student from the School, already at the 
 University. When adjudged to a. Student direct from the School, it is held for four 
 years byghim, if resident so long. When adjudged to iiny other Student, it is only 
 held by him > under the same ^cpn^ltiiQi^ of r^ideniJp, for the riesid^ie of -the four years 
 since itjbecame yaeant. It is nq,t restricted to C^robri^ge, bnt generally falls to that 
 University, because the Mathematical Students who are unprovided with other School 
 preferment usually go thither. 
 
 10. Two of £yi per Annum, founded by the Pitt Clubin 1845,. tenable for four 
 years, with any other preferment, »t any College qt ^ithj^ Upiveisity. They are to be 
 
 .awarded to "the best Spholprs in the School who sre proceeding to any College in 
 either University, as certified by the School Examiners." These are filled up by the 
 Court an the 24th of June. 
 
 11. Piiie Exhibitions, of ^^48, and one of ^^40, founded by Mr. Fish ; Four by Mr. 
 Vernon, and One by Dr. Wooller, ofjQio ^ach, (ft St. jfohn's College., Oxford; and (;( 
 Gift q{£i2, founded.by Mr. J^xon, to a Sehplar at Oxford and Cambridge alternately, 
 for the purchase of boofcs. N.JB,^rhis Gift bejpngs in the even years to Oxford, in 
 the orf(f years to Cambridge. 
 
 12. SomeifedicalExhiiitionsJSa St-f3tomas'.s Hofpital, founded in 1855 and 18.56, 
 . by the authorities of the Hospital and the Court of the Coinpasiy jointly. An Exhi- 
 bition is filled up on the '14th of Jijly in each jrear by the Cpur^, ,to whom tiie Head 
 Master sjabmits the names of the Candidates, with a comparative statement of their 
 
 •merits, us shown in the School Examinations. Each Exhibition is tenable for three 
 lyears, apdis ]»rorth;^L30pej- annum. 
 
 1.3. The Barnes Scholarship at Cambri^g?. being the interest af;f^,Qpp, tjjrep per 
 ce;it. Consols, founded jn memory of Thomas Barnes, M.A., by hjs brother, came 
 into operation jn Lent Term, 1867. It is open to competition to Undergraduates in 
 their first year's standing, who haveifeeMi educated at, and come direct from, Christ's 
 Hospital, St. Paul's SchooJ, .or Merchant Taylors' School. Eailing Candidates 
 froni these Schools, it is thrown open for the time to all Undergradipates in their 
 first year. 
 
 Besides the above, the Court frequently vote gifts of Books, &c., to Schpjars 
 who have done well at the University, and present 2'3. to every Sehdlar who gains an 
 open .Scholarship or Ej^ibitjon whije at SfihoqlJ w before . actual residence jaf a 
 w^ole Term. 
 
 In addition to the encouragements tp industiy mentioned already, the Cpjirt 
 founded, in 1866, Fifteen Scholarships, tenable for five years, for boys actually in the 
 School. Three are adjudged annu^y, two being flf the .vaJjie of /2S,,aJid one .of ;f2o 
 per annum. Candidates must have been one year at least in the School, and must be 
 under Fourteen years of age pn flie nth of'Jnne preceding the Examinatipn, which 
 occurs about the 19th of June in each year. They "are expected to answer, questions 
 in the rudiments .of Arithmetic, and in Latin ;^d Greek Grammar ; to translate into 
 Latin a piece of English Prose, and some English Poetry into Latin , Elegiacs or 
 Hexameters, or. both,; \o answer easy questions on the eady Scriptiure £jstpry, on 
 the History of Rome to the commencement of the First Pujiic War, and pn the lead- 
 ing facts and dates of English History. Passages are also set from .Euripides' 
 
 Y 2 
 
324 SOJVS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Hecuba, two books of Homer's Iliad, two books of Virgil's jEneid, and SaUust 
 or the two Catilinarian Orations of Cicero, to be rendered into English. The 
 portions of these Books are varied each year, and a notice of twelve months is 
 given. 
 
 There are numerous Minor Prizes, including Medals and Books, awarded annually, 
 the gifts of past and present Members of the Court. 
 
 Fees.— The School dues are, an Entrance Fee of ;^3, and ;^I0 per Annum paid 
 Quarterly in advance.— The Sum of 5s. is also paid on the promotion of a Boy from a 
 Lower to a Higher Form. This includes every charge for education, except books. 
 There is no Boarding System dnectly recognised by the School, but Boarders may be 
 received by the Under Masters, and by other persons in the neighbourhood, with the 
 latter of whom arrangements can be made for Day-Boarders. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. J. A. Hessey, D.C.L. 
 
 City of Loudon School, Milk Street, Cheapside. — Esta- 
 blished by the Corporation of London, under the authority of an 
 Act of Parliament procured in 1834, endowed with an annual sum 
 derived from certain estates left in 1442 by John Carpenter, Town Clerk 
 of the City. The School is under the government of the Corporation, 
 and a Committee chosen by- them. Provides a liberal Education for 
 the Sons of respectable persons engaged in Professional, Commercial, 
 or Trading Pursuits, without the necessity of removing them from the 
 care and control of their parents. 
 
 Admission. — Boys are admissible at any age between Seven and 
 Fifteen years, and may remain until Nineteen. Candidates are required 
 to possess sufficient knowledge of reading, writing, and arithmetic, to be 
 competent at least to enter a division of the Junior Class. The mode 
 of admission is by an application according to a form obtained of the 
 Secretary, which is required to be signed by the parent or guardian, and 
 also by some member of the Corporation, either Alderman, or Common 
 Councilman, Members are not limited as to the number of recom- 
 mendations they may sign. 
 
 The Course of Instruction includes the English, Latin, Greek, French, 
 and German languages ; Mathematics, Arithmetic, Writing, Book-keeping, 
 Geography, History, Drawing, the elements of Chemistry and Natural 
 Philosophy, and Vocal Music. The Scriptures are read and taught in 
 the School, and the business of each day commences and terminates 
 with prayer. The hours of attendance are from Nine to Three, allow- 
 ing an interval from Twelve to half-past for refreshment. 
 
 A General Examination, which is conducted by gentlemen from 
 the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and others experienced 
 in Tuition, who are appointed for the purpose by the Committee, takes 
 place previous to the Summer holidays, when Prize Books are distributed 
 amongst the most deserving Pupils of each class. The following Prizes 
 are also given annually in the School, viz. : — 
 
 For General Proficiency and Good Conduct, a Gold Medal of the value of ten guineas, 
 
 the gift of Dr. Conquest, F.L.S. 
 Classical Proficiency, a Silver Medal (called Sir James Shaw's Medal), with 
 
 Books. 
 Mathematical Proficiency, a Silver Medal (called the Beaufoy Medal), with 
 
 Books. 
 Proficiency in Euclid, and the Elements of Algebra and Trigonometry, a Silver 
 
 Medal and a Boole (called the Edkins Memorial Prize), limited to ie-Fourth 
 
 and Fifth Classes. 
 
CITY OF LONDON SCHOOL. 325 
 
 Arithmetic and Good Conduct, a Silver Medal, for Pupils below the two head 
 classes ; and for proficiency in Chemical Science, a Silver Medal, both the 
 gift of "Warren Stormes Hale, Esq., Alderman, originator of the School, and 
 President. 
 
 The best Writer in the School, a Silver Medal, the gift of Charles Grim- 
 wade, Esq. 
 
 Proficiency in English, a Silver Medal, and a Book, the gift of the late John 
 Mowlem, Esq. • ^ 
 
 Proficiency in French, a Silver Medal ; and for Proficiency in German, a Silver 
 Medal, both given in the name of the late Sir George Carroll, Alderman. 
 
 Proficiency in Writing, Arithmetic, and Book-keeping, a Gold Pen. 
 
 Proficiency in Chemistry and Natural Philosophy, several Prizes. 
 
 Proficiency in Drawing, several Prizes. 
 
 Proficiency in the knowledge of the Holy Scriptures and the Evidences of the 
 Truth of Christianity, a Polyglot Copy of the -Holy Scriptures, the gift ot 
 Benjamin Scott, Esq., F.R.A.S., Chamberlain of London. 
 
 General Proficiency and Good Conduct, Prizes of the total value of ten guineas, 
 the gift of Thomas Quested Finnis, Esq., Alderman ; and a Prize of the 
 same value, the gift of the Rev. Dr. Mortimer, late Head Master, for encou- 
 raging the study of the English language and literature. 
 
 The best Latin Composition in Prose or Verse, a Prize instituted by Richard 
 Nathaniel Philipps, Esq., LL.B., F.S.A. 
 ' Encouraging the Study of Political Economy, an Annual Prize of five guineas, 
 established by James Innes, Esq. 
 English History Prize, value five guineas, the gift of the John Carpenter Club. 
 Prize for an English Essay " on the value of Local Self- government, as shown in the 
 
 History of the City of London," a Silver Medal and Books (value about ;^7), 
 
 established as a tribute of respect to the memory of the late Mr. John Stewart, 
 
 C.C. 
 The " Mortimer Exhibition," for Proficiency in the Natural Sciences, about ;f 14 los. 
 
 per annum. 
 For the encouragement of the study of the Works of Shakspere, several valuable 
 
 Prizes are also given annually, under an endowment established by the late Henry 
 
 Beaufoy, Esq., F.R.S. 
 
 There is also a very large number of valuable Scholarships, which 
 
 are filled up as Vacancies occur, some of them being tenable at the 
 
 School, and others at certain Universities. 
 
 Tenable at the School. 
 
 Eight Carpenter Scholarships (in memory of John Carpenter, the founder of the 
 School). Candidates must be between eleven and sixteen years of age, and have 
 been at least three years in the School. The advantages are gratuitous educa- 
 tion, and books to a value not exceeding ;f 2 per annum ; £2^ per annum towards 
 maintenance, &c. ; and £t,a on leaving the School, provided the Scholar con- 
 tinues therein three years after election, and obtains a certificate of merit and good 
 conduct during that period fi'om the Head Master. 
 
 If a Scholar proceeds to the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, or London, 
 the allowance oi£2i, per annum is continued for a further period of four years. 
 
 The David Salomons Foundation Scholarship, founded by Sir David Salomons, 
 Bart., Alderman, M.P.,;f3l IDs. per annum. 
 
 Two William Tite Scholarships, founded by Sir William Tite, F.R.S., M.P., one 
 ;f25, the other ;^20 per annum. 
 
 The Jews' Commemoration Scholarship, founded to commemorate the passing of the 
 Act of the Legislature by which Jews are enabled to sit in Parliament ; tenable 
 for three years either at the School or at University College, London, £^0 per 
 annum. 
 
 The Warren Stormes Hale Testimonial Scholarship, founded to commemorate the 
 eminent services of Mr. Alderman Hale as originator of the School and Chair- 
 man of the Committee, £1^1 17s. 6d. per annum. 
 
 Tenable at Universities. 
 The Tegg Scholarship, endowed by the Corporation with ;f 400, paid in 1836 by the 
 late Thomas Tegg, Esq., as a fine to be excused from serving flie office of Sheriff, 
 and an additional sum of;^loo, given in 1844 by that gentleman, in augmentation 
 of the fund, ;^22 per annum. 
 
326 SOJ^S AN'D DAUGHTERS. 
 
 The Tiiiies Scholarship, establishe!d By the Conimittee of the Times Testiirtonial ; for 
 
 Oxford or Cambridge, £-io per annuiri. t, ^ x- t> c 
 
 Four Beaufoy Scholarships, established by tlie late IKtii^ BeitiJfoy, Es(}., F.R.b. , 
 
 for Cambridge, j^'ijo per annum. , ^ . i-,!^ 
 
 The David Salomon? Scholarship, founded by Sit" E^dd SfeldmdtlS, Bart., Alderman, 
 
 M.P. ; for Oxford, Cambridge, or London, £y) per annum. , „ + i. 
 
 The Travers Scholkrship, established as aTestimoiiia t* the memory of the late John 
 
 Travers, Esq. ; for the University of London, ;(f 50 per annum. 
 The Lambert Tories Scholarship, eStablishdd to commemorate the public services ot 
 
 Richard Lambert JoiieS, Escj. ; for Orford, Cambridge, or Londdil, nearly ;^50 
 
 per annum. , n*^ j. ji j c 
 
 A Medical Scholarship, ol' Free PreSentatioii to the Lectures and M^dicaa and bur- 
 gical Practice of St. Thomas's Hospital (the gift of the Governors and Officers of 
 th'e Hospital, 1853)', teaaWe fcSr fllfee years. Aggregate value &om £<p to 
 
 An Exhibition, given by the "Worshipfui Compaay of Groldsfaiths; fof Oxford or 
 
 Cambridge, ^50 per annum. 
 Two Exhibitions, given by the Worshipful Company of Gtofers ; for Oxford or Cam- 
 bridge, £cj(3 pel' annum each?. 
 The Masterman Scholarship, fotmded by the C&mmittee for a Testimdnial to the late 
 Jdhn MaSfSrmail, Esq., M.P. ; foir such CrMverSity as the Scholar may select, 
 ^30 per annum. 
 The Lioliel Rothschild Scholarship^, founded by Baron Lionel ROthschad, M.P. for 
 the City, to commemorate his being returned to Pariiament five tiifteS, and his 
 taking his seat on 26th July, 1858; for an Ettglteh or Foi'eign UnwerSily, ;f 60 
 per annum. 
 A Vacation of five weeks is allowed in tfie Summer, three weeks at 
 Christmas, and eleven days at Easter ; the other holidays, besides the 
 afterboons of WedsesdaiyS and Saturdays, are the QueeJa's Birtliday, the 
 Anniversary of the Opening of the School, and the Birthday of Warren 
 Stormes Hale, Esq., Alderman, its originator (February 2nd), the Anni- 
 versary of the Founder (May 12th), the Birthday of the late Henry 
 Beaufoy, Esq. (April 23rd), and Lord Mayor"* Day. The School year 
 is divided into three Terms ; the first extending from Christmas to 
 Easter, the second from Easter to the latter end of July, the third from 
 the beginning of September to Christmas. 
 
 Fees. — The charge for each Pupil is £fi per annum, payable in portions oi ^l at 
 the commencement of each Term. Printed :feoofcs and Drawing Books are fumished 
 as required, and are charged for at reduced prices in each Term Account. The only 
 Extra Fee is for instruction in Drawing, 14s. per Term. Three of the Masters receive 
 Boarders at charges varying from 4.0 gs. to 50 gs. per annum, exclusive of School Fees. 
 They also prepare Boys for the Admission Examination. 
 
 Hedd Master, Rev. E. A. AbbOit, M.A. 
 
 Charter House School, Chartier House Square, Lonbon. The 
 number of Scholars on the Foundation is fifty-four. Two Foundation Scho- 
 larships annually are open to competition ; to the rest the Governors 
 nominate in turn. Boys so nominated are admitted from ten io fourteen 
 years of age. The Examinatroti for the two Elective Scholarships takes 
 place in the month of April. Candidates must be between the ages of 
 thirteen sxA fifteen yeaxs, and must have been at least one year in the 
 School on the 25th March next preceding the Examination. A declara- 
 tion must be signed by the Parent Or Guardian, to the effect that he 
 requires some such assistance as is afforded by the Foundation in order 
 to insure the completion of the Boy's education at one of the Universi- 
 ties of Oxford or Cainbridge, and that, in case of the Boy being success- 
 ful in the Examination, it is his intention to send him to one of these 
 Universities. 
 
ST, SAnOVX'S GRAMMAR SCHOOL. J2? 
 
 The Talbot Memorial.— Tht friends of the Hon. J. C. Talbot, of Charter 
 House and Christ Church, being desirous of eonnectfng his name per- 
 petually with the School at which he received his- education, have raised 
 a Fund for the establishment of a Scholarship tenable by Carthusians at 
 any one of the four Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Dublin,, or 
 Durham, together with an annual Gold Medal and a Prize of Books. 
 For the Medal and the Books all, Boys who have been- two years- in the 
 School may compete, but the Scholarship is confined to Oppidans. 
 
 The Havelock Exhibition, the proceeds of a capital sum of ;^7oo, is 
 annually awarded after an, Examination in Latin, Mathematics, French, 
 History, and Dictation. There are also several Minor Prizes, including 
 the EldeE Memorial and the Walford MemoriaL A Fund was raised in 
 1 86^ to perpetuate within the walls, of Charter House the memory of 
 William Makepeace Thackera;y and John Leech, educated in the School 
 Part of this Fund was devoted to the establishment of two Prizes-,, one 
 for English Literature, the other for Drawing. 
 
 The Course of Ed.uication includes Divinity, Classics, Mathematics,, 
 French, Geography, History, &c. The Charge for Board includes 
 the cost of medicine and all ordinary medical attendance, but does not 
 include Consultation and Dentists' Fees. Private Tuition may be had, 
 if desired, and its cost, varying with the place of each Boy in the School, 
 and his want of individual attention, will be from Eight to Twelve 
 Guineas per Annum. 
 
 All the Boys,, whether Scholars on the Foundation or Boarders in the 
 Masters' houses, are subject to precisely the same discipline, diet, 
 instruction, medical care, and general treatment. There are three 
 Terms. Boarders are received by the Head Master and the Second 
 Master. 
 
 Fees. — ^Board and Tuition, So gs. to 90 gs. per annum. Day Scholais, 20 gs. per 
 annum. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. W. Haig Brown, LL.D. 
 
 St. Saviour's Grammar School. — Chartered by Queen 
 Elizabeth, a.d. 1562. Visitor: the Lord Bishop of Winchester. 
 This School, being partly endowed, is enabled to provide a sound and 
 liberal Education on very moderate terms. Boys, wheresoever resident, 
 are eligible for admission if at the age of eight years at least. There 
 are no Free Scholars. The Classes are so arranged that Pupils are 
 prepared either for Mercantile and Commercial Pursuits, for Govern- 
 ment and Civil appointments, or for the Universities and Learned 
 Professions. Parents therefore ha-ve an opportunity of choosing the 
 kind of Education they wish their Sons to receive. 
 
 Exhibitions. — ^Three School Exhibitions, Two of the value of ;£so 
 per annum each, and One of £^20 per annum, tenable for four years at 
 Oxford or Cambridge. Boys, wheresoever bom or resident, who have 
 been four years at least in the School, may compete for them as vacan- 
 cies occur. The Marshall Exhibition, awarded annually, of the value 
 of ;^So per annum, tenable for four years at Oxford or Cambridge. 
 An election takes place annually on or about June gtb. Marshall's 
 Exhibitioners rriust be (if such can be found) bom in the old Borough 
 of Southwark, i.e. in the Parishes of St. George's, St. John's, St. Olave's, 
 St. Saviour's, St. Thomas's, in Christchurch, Blackfriars, or in the Liberty 
 
32? SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 of the Clink; those who shall be attending St. Saviour's Grammar School 
 having a preference over any others. If no Candidates born in South- 
 wark apply for the Exhibition, Scholars attending St. Saviour's Grammat 
 School, wheresoever born, have the next claim. 
 
 ' Febs.— Entrance, ;^I ; Tuition, ^^lios. per quarter; Stationery and Library, 4s. 6d. 
 per quarter ; Drawing, los. per quarter, including materials. A few Boarders received 
 at 50 gs. per annum. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. E. Bover, M. A. 
 
 Tower Hill Grammar School, Trinity Square.— Founded 
 1687, by Alderman James Hickson. Trustees : the Worshipful Com- 
 pany OF Brewers. Provides a liberal and useful Education for the Sons 
 of respectable Persons whp are engaged in professional, commercial, and 
 trading pursuits in and near London. The Course of Education includes 
 the Truths and Duties of Christianity, the Latin, Greek, EngUsh, French, 
 and German languages, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Writing, Book^ 
 keeping, Geography, History, and Drawing. A General Examination 
 6f the whole School, conducted by Gentlemen appointed by the Court 
 of the Brewers' Company, takes place at their Annual Visitation at Mid-^ 
 summer, when Prizes are distributed for proficiency and good conduct. 
 The number of Scholars is limited to Sixty. The School Rooms are lofty 
 and well ventilated. There is a good Library, the books being lent to 
 Pupils for home reading. Pupils are admitted between the ages of eight 
 and sixteen by the Court of the Company, from time to time, as vacancies 
 occur. 
 
 Fees. — Twenty of the fifty Pupils are educated y>-«^, viz. : — Fourteen belonging to 
 the parish of Allhallows, Barking, and six to the parish of St. John, Wappin'g. The 
 remaining forty are admitted as Pay Boys, without reference to the parish in which 
 they reside, on payment of ^6 a , year, by three Term Fees of £i each. A uniform 
 charge of 6s. 8d. per term for Stationery is made to each boy, whether on the Founda- 
 tion or otherwise. Books and. Drawing Materials are charged at the usual prices. 
 There are no Extras of any kind whatever. A deposit of £1 must be made with the 
 Clerk of the Company, on account of each boy educated in the School, which will be 
 returned on his leaving in compliance with the Rules. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. H. Williams, M.A. 
 
 Stepney Grammar School, Tredegar Square, Bow, E.— 
 Founded 1833. In connection with King's College. Patron: the 
 Bishop of London. Provides a liberal Course of Instruction for Boys 
 Of the neighbourhood and elsewhere at very moderate cost. Great 
 prominence is given to the study of Modern Languages, without, how- 
 ever, neglecting the ancient Classical tongues, in which Boys sent up 
 from the School have uniformly satisfied the Public Examiners. The 
 School, to which is attached a large Play-ground, is a noble structure, 
 affording accommodation for 150 Boys. The Head Master is appointed 
 by the Trustees, subject to the approval of the Council of King's 
 College. 
 
 There are Four Scholarships of the annual value of ;^35 each ; 
 two for Mathematics with one Modem Language ; and two for Classics 
 with one Modern Lapguage. During 1869 — 1871 ten Boys have passed 
 the Oxford Local Examination — three in Honours, threejor the title of 
 '! Associate in Arts " of Oxford, and four Juniors; one Pupil has also 
 
WHITECHAPEL FOUNDATION COMMERCIAL SCHOOL. 329 
 
 passed his Preliminary Examination for College of Surgeons, and several 
 from the School have obtained good situations in the City. 
 
 Fees. — Day Scholars, 10 gs. or IZ gs. per annum, according to age. A few 
 Biparders are received on moderate terms by the Head Master, who superintends their 
 evening studies. There are no Extras, except Drawing and Drilling. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. O. G. D. Perrott, M. A. 
 
 Tonbridge School. — Founded about 1553, by Sir Andrew 
 JuDDE, and given by him to the " Company of Skinners." AH Boys 
 are Foundationers whose Parents (or Guardians, their Parents being 
 dead) reside in Kent, within ten. miles of Tonbridge. It is expected, 
 however, that -this restriction may be soon hereafter abolished. The 
 revenues of the Foundation are at present sufficient to provide an almost 
 gratuitous education for about 250 Boys, to maintain a large staff of 
 Classical and Mathematical Masters who are Graduates of Cambridge 
 or Oxford, and to give handsome Exhibitions to Boys who are annually 
 sent to the Uniffersities. Any Boy of the age of eight years who can 
 read is qualified, without any restriction of creed, birthplace, or place of 
 residence. There is a very beautiful Gothic chapel, in which service is 
 performed daily, according to the Liturgy of the Church of England ; but 
 no one is excluded from the School on the ground of Nonconformity. 
 
 Exhibitions, &c. — Sixteen Exhibitions of ;^ 100 a year each (four 
 of which are awarded annually), to be held for four years by Boys going 
 to the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge ; to these all Boys in the 
 School are eligible. The Examination is in the last week in July. One 
 Scholarship of ;^ioo per annum, at St. John's College, Oxford, founded 
 by Sir Thomas White. One Scholarship of £20 per annum at Brase- 
 nose College, Oxford, founded by Mr. Henry Fisher. Six Exhibitions 
 of £^\ 6 per annum each, tenable at any College of either University, 
 founded by Sir Thomas Smith. One Exhibition of £^2 r3S. 4d. per 
 annum, founded by Mr. Thomas Lampard. One Exhibition of ;£3S 
 per annum (in default of Scholars from Sevenoaks School), founded by 
 Mr. Robert Holmedon. Two Exhibitions of ;£5o per annum each, 
 tenable at Jesus College, Cambridge (in default of Scholars from Seven- 
 oaks School), founded by Lady Mary Boswell. Two Exhibitions of j[^i> 
 per annum each, founded by Mr. Worrall. One or more Exhibitions 
 are given annually of ;^S° each, tenable for five years, in the School 
 These are open to Boys under fifteen years of age. 
 
 Fees. — Upper School, Non-Foundation Boarders, 76 gs. per annum, inclusive ;' 
 Lower School, 73 gs. ; Entrance, 5 gs. Foundationers pay 10 gs. less. There are 
 three Terms. Arrangements can be made for those Parents who desire their Sons to 
 be weekly or daily Boarders. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. J. I. Welldon, D.C.L. 
 
 Whitechapel Foundation Commercial School. — The 
 
 School was founded by a decree of the Court of Chancery, for the Sons 
 of Professional Men and respectable Tradesmen, without the necessity 
 of removing them from the care of their Parents. Such an education 
 as will fit a Boy for any Commercial position at Home or Abroad is 
 placed by this School within the reach of all; and while that sound 
 Religious and Moral Teaching, which is the only basis of a really good 
 Education, will be secured, particular religious views will be respected. 
 
33° SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Chemistry and Physical Science form part of the regular Curriculum of 
 the School. Pupils are taught both experimentally and theoretically. 
 Rooms are fitted up for the purpose. There are no Boarders. Boys 
 who pass through the School, and show average ability, have no difficulty 
 in the ordinary Examinations now required for the commencement of 
 professional pursuits. Several Pupils- have gained distinction at the 
 School of Science and Art. 
 
 The admission is very simple. Boys can remain till sixteen. There 
 are, two Examinations in the year, conducted by Examiners appointed by 
 the Trustees. These extend over nine days. The Reports are pub- 
 lished from, time to time. 
 
 Besides the School there is a Scientific and. Literary Society, 
 for the old Scholars who may wish to pursue their studies. The Lec- 
 tures are given by old Scholars who have distinguished themselves in 
 various branches of Science and Literature from time to time. 
 
 Fees. — Th=e ch.irge for those Boys who are resident within the Fanash of St.. Mary, 
 "Whitechapel, will be 2os. per quarter, and for those not so residerit 25B. per quarter. 
 
 Books, Stationery, and other materials will be supplied by the Trustees, and for the 
 use thereof there will be a charge of los. 6d. per quarter for Boys in the Upper 
 Classes, and Js. 3d. per quarter for Boys; in the Lower Glasses. The Parents or 
 Guardians of every Boy;, upon his admission to the School, shall deposit the sum of 
 £1 towards the payment of the value of such Books, &c., if lost or wilfully damaged ; 
 any balance remaining to be returned on the Boy's quitting the School, 
 
 Mead Master, Charles Judd, F.R.^.S., A.K.C 
 
 Stationers' ScllOOl. — Estabhshed by the Stationers.' Company 
 to furnish, at as small a charge as possible, a liberal and useful education 
 for the Sons of Liverymen and Freemen of the Company, and also for 
 other Scholars admitted under the sanction of the Court of Assistants, 
 without the necessity of removing them from the care and control of 
 their Parents. 
 
 The Course of Education comprises — Instruction in the Principles of 
 the Christian Religion, the English, Greek, Latin, French, and German 
 Languages, Mathematics, History, Geography, Book-keeping, Writing, 
 Drawing, Vocal Music, Drilling, Chemistry, and Physical Science. 
 
 The Class Rooms are lofty, and thoroughly warmed and ventilated. 
 The School-buildings are entirely secluded from the street; and there is 
 a commodious play-ground attached, provided with benches, lavatories, 
 and every convenience for the comfort and recreation of the Pupils 
 during the interval, without the necessity of their- leaving the premises. 
 
 The hours of attendance are from Nine to Three, with an interval in 
 the middle of the day for refreshment; except on Wednesdays and 
 Saturdays, when the School closes at half-past One o'clock. 
 
 A Vacation of five weeks is allowed in the Summer, three weeks at 
 Christmas, and one week at Easter. , The other holidays are the Queen's 
 Birthday, the Anniversary of 'the Establishment of the School (nth 
 February), and Lord Mayor's Day. 
 
 A General Examination of the whole School, conducted by Examiners 
 appointed by the Court of the Stationers' Company, takes place at their 
 Aniiua,l Visitation, previous to the Summer Vacation, when Prizes are 
 distributed to the Scholars most distinguished for proficiency and good 
 conduct. 
 
 Scholarships and Prizes. — The Edmund Hodgson Scholarship, of 
 
DULWICH COLLEGE. 33' 
 
 the annual value of £,zo, with free education in the School, tenable for 
 four years at any University in Great Britain, with liberty, in the event 
 of the holder not proceeding to a University on his^ leaving School, to 
 apply the proceeds fo his adijdncement in life in any catling he may select, 
 conditionally on his producing, on each annual payment, a certificate of 
 good conduct from his Employer, Tutor, or Guardian. Founded by 
 EdmuHd Hodgson, Esq., Master of the Stationers' Company in 1866-67 
 and 1867-68. The Thomas Brown Scholarships,-'— 'dist^, of the annual- 
 value of jQio each, tenable on the same conditions as the Edmund 
 Hodgson Scholarship; established in 1869, out of the Income of a 
 po'rtion of the Charitable bequest of the late Thomas Brown, Esq., a 
 member of the Court. For the encouragement of the study of the works 
 qA Shakspere, and of good and tasteful reading (the successful Candidate 
 being required to give a public reading at Stationers' Hall from a selected 
 Play), a Prize, consisting of the complete works of Shakespere ; awarded 
 annually, under an Endowment established by the late Henry Foss, Esq., 
 1861. Besides these, there are numerous Medals, Money Prizes, and 
 presents of Books, annually awarded to Pupils who distinguish them- 
 selves. 
 
 FeSs. — The Pee for the Course is £x 15s. per quarter, payable in advance. A fixed 
 charge of 25/ 6d. per quarter for Stationery and School Materials is made for every 
 Boy, whether on the; Foundation or otherwise ; and a similar charge is made for 
 Drawing Materials in the case of those who learn Drawing, for which no extra fee is 
 charged. The Sons of Liverymen and Freemen of the Company are entitled to 
 priority of adiiii^sion in the order of their application, as well as to the benefits of the 
 Foundation, in accordance with the provisions of the scheme in Chancery. Other 
 Pupils are adiBiSsible according to priority of application. Forms of admissioB will 
 be fiimish*d to applicants at the School,, by the Head Master, from whom also any 
 further information may be obtained. 
 
 Head Master, A. K. Isbester, M.A., LL.B., Bolt Court, 
 Meet Street, B.C. 
 
 Dulwich College. — Founded by Edward Alleyi"?, about 1619. 
 The New College was opened June 21st, 1870, by their Royal High- 
 nesses the Prince and Princess of Wales. There are three groups 
 of buildiftgSy, connected by covered cloisters, comprising a Great Hall, 
 Library, Lecture Theatre, Laboratories, and Class Rooms for the 
 accommodation of 600 or 700 Boys. There is a College Chapel, and a 
 Picture Gallery bequeathed by Sir Peter Francis Bourgeois, R.A., in 
 181 1. The revenue of the College, vi^hich at the time of the Founder's 
 death was ^800 a year, amounted in 1869 to more than ;^is,ooo. 
 The Picture Gallery has a separate endowment of ^520 a year. The 
 surplus income, after defraying the necessary charges for the main- 
 tenance of the Gallery, is applied to the' purpose of providing instruction 
 in Drawing and Designing in the Schools. 
 
 The Educational Foundation comprises two distinct Schools. In 
 the tJpper School instruction is given in the following subjects : — 
 Religious Knowledge, English Literature and Composition, General 
 History and Geography, the Greek and Latin Languages and Literature, 
 •French and German, Arithmetic and Mathematics, Drawing and De- 
 signing, Mensuration and the Principles of Civil Engineering, Mechanics, 
 Qiemistry, and the Natural Sciences, Vocal Music. The Lower School 
 is for the instruction and benefit of children of the industrial or poorer 
 
332 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 classes, resident in the Parishes of St. Giles, Camberwell ; St. Botolph 
 Without, Bishopsgate ; St. Luke, Finsbury ; and St. Saviour, Southwark. 
 It is no): a Junior Department, but a separate School, and is entirely 
 distinct in its conduct and arrangement from the Upper School. 
 
 Exhibitions. — Eight of the value of not more than _;£ioo a year 
 each, open to all boys who have not been less than two years in the 
 School, and tenable for four years, provided that the holder be resident 
 at one of the English Universities, or be " a student of some learned or 
 scientific profession or of the fine arts." These Exhibitions are limited 
 at present to the value of ^'^o a year each. 
 
 School Scholarships. — Eight of £,20 a year, awarded by com- 
 petitive Examination, to boys belonging to the privileged Parishes, 
 between twelve and fourteen years of age, and tenable during good 
 behaviour so long as the boy remains at the College. 
 
 Admission. — Applications for admission of Boys to the Upper School 
 must be made to the Master of the College in a form provided for that 
 purpose. Candidates must be between the ages of eight and fifteen 
 years. 
 
 Every Candidate will be required to pass an Examination according to 
 his age, in subjects of which particulars will be furnished on application. 
 The Examination will be held at the College, and sufficient notice of 
 the day and hour will be sent to the Parent or " next friend " of every 
 Candidate. 
 
 The College Fees, payable half-yearly in advance, are as follows : — For sons of 
 residents in the above-named Parishes, if under thirteen years of age, jf 12 a year ; if 
 above thirteen years of age, ;^I5 a year. For boys not belonging to the above-named 
 Parishes, if under thirteen years of age, £11, & year; if above thirteen years of 
 age, ^18 a year. 
 
 Boys previously admitted to the College are received, with the sanction of the 
 Master, as Boarders in any of the Authorised Boarding Houses, for sums varying from 
 40 to 55 guineas, exclusively of the College fees. Dinners are provided in the Great 
 Hall for boys attending the Upper School. Charge for single dinners, gd; per 
 month, 15s. 
 
 Head Master, Alfred J. Carver, Esq. 
 
 London International College. — Unfettered by traditional 
 usages, this College, while preserving what is good in the older Insti- 
 tutions, assigns a prominent place in its curriculum to subjects which, 
 though commonly neglected, are of the utmost importance in our time. 
 These are Modern Languages and the Natural Sciences. The study of 
 Latin and Greek is commenced at a somewhat later period than usual, 
 as it can be pursued with falf greater advantage if a boy has previously 
 been made familiar with the grammar of his own mother-tongue, which 
 ought to form the foundation of all other linguistic studies. » 
 
 The curriculum of the College occupies a period of from seven to 
 eight years. A Pupil who has passed through it successfully will have 
 received a complete liberal education; he will have been taught to 
 write and speak two or three modern languages besides his own, and 
 will have gone through an extensive course of instruction in classics, 
 mathematics, and the natural sciences. If, therefore, a boy of average, 
 ability enters this College at the age of ten, he ought at the age of 
 seventeen or eighteen to be qualified to proceed to a University, to 
 pass the Examinations for the Civil or MiUtary Services, or to commence 
 
ST. yOHN'S WOOD SCHOOL. 333 
 
 any other career, professional, industrial, or commercial. In the case 
 of. Parents wishing their Sons to receive part of their education in 
 France, Germany, or Italy, good Schools can be recommended by 
 the Principal. It was with a view to facilitating intercourse with Con- 
 tinental Institutions that the London College assumed the designation 
 of " International." Foreign Languages are, however, taught within 
 the College by French, German, and Italian Professors. 
 
 The College is a spacious- and elegant building, especially constructed 
 for educational purposes. The grounds extend over eight acres ; the 
 soil is gravel, the situation is elevated and eminently healthful, com- 
 manding extensive views over Richmond and the surrounding country. 
 Access is easy by the Loop-line of the South-Western Railway, which 
 has a station near the College, at Spring Grove, Middlesex. 
 
 Fees. — Board and Tuition, 80 guineas per annum ; Day Scholars, 24 guineas per 
 annum. There is a moderate charge for the meals of Day Boarders. Lessons on the 
 Pianoforte, ;£'io per annum. The only Extras are: School-books and Stationery; 
 I guinea per annum for Medical attendance, including medicine ; I guinea per annum 
 for a seat in Church ; and 3 guineas per annum for Washing. The scholastic year is 
 divided into Three Terms. 
 
 Principal, Dr. Leonard Schmitz. 
 
 Collegiate School, St. John's Wood. — Established 1848. In 
 three Departments : i. Collegiate. 2. Commercial. 3. Preparatory. 
 Students prepared for the Universities, for the University Local Exami- 
 nations, Military and Naval Services, Science and Art Department, and 
 the College of Preceptors. Numerous Distinctions have been gained 
 in the Public Competitions. Two Scholarships are given annually, of 
 the respective values of twelve and fifteen guineas per annum, tenable for 
 three years, competed for in January by Boys of not less than one 
 year's standing in the School. A Course of Popular Lectures is 
 delivered to the Pupils during the Trinity and Lent Terms, to which 
 the attendance of their Parents and Friends is invited. 
 
 Fees. — Boarders from 45 gs. to 65 gs. per annum, according to age, from ten years 
 to above fifteen. Day Boys,* 10 gs. to 15 gs. per annum. Extras : Drawing, Dancing, 
 Drilling, German, and small charges for Library and Stationery. Preparatory 
 School : Day Pupils, 9 gs. per annum. Day Boarders, 9 gs. additional. Three 
 Terms. 
 
 Head Master, F. Berridge, F.R.S.L., F.R.G.S., 
 
 Eton Park, South Hampstead. 
 
 St. John's Wood School, Acacia Road, N.W. — Pupils are 
 prepared for the Universities, for the Public Schools, or for Mercantile 
 Pursuits. The Course of Education comprises Religious and Moral 
 Instruction ; the Greek, Latin, French, German, and English Languages ; 
 Arithmetic, Writing, Book-keeping, and Mathematics ; Ancient and 
 Modem History and Geography. Pupils intended for Mercantile pur- 
 suits tnay omit the study of Greek. The School accommodation con- 
 sists of one spacious and lofty room, with two commodious Class 
 Rooms ; and there is a large open play-ground. In the immediate 
 neighbourhood are the Regent's Park and the Botanical and Zoological 
 Gardens. 
 
 Examinations take place at the end of each Term, and in the last 
 week of July there is a Distribution of Prizes. 
 
334 AOiVS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 F,EK5.^D»y Scholars, from ten to fourteen years of age, jf 3 I0s.,,f5 5s,, orj^6 6s., 
 according to age. Day Boarders, Mining five times weekly, ;^3 los. Boarders, 
 including Tnition, from 50 gs. to^o gs. per annum. German, Drawing, Singing, in 
 Class, Piano, Fencing, and Drilling, are optional, at fees varying from los. 6d. to 
 £,2 i6s. per Term. There are three Terms. 
 
 Principal, Rev. E. D. Ward, M.A. 
 
 ITorth Loudon Collegiate School. — President, the Lord 
 Bishop of London. Under the general superintendence of the Vicar 
 and Clergy of St. Pancras. Iri two Departments : the Classical, or 
 Professional ; and the Mercantile, or Cornmercial. Pupils are prepared 
 for Competitive Governmental JExaminations.; entrance to )the Univer- 
 sities ; and all those positions in Hfe:for which a'gQodgeneral Education 
 is required. In the List of the Oxford LocgJ Examinations, 1871, 
 twelve Pupils out of fourteen passed. Fpur obtained the title of A,A. 
 of the University, and three otheTS were in the First Class Honours. 
 Classes to prepare Candidates for Examination are in operation at the 
 School. There is a Junior School for younger Boys, preparatory to the 
 other Departments. 
 
 Prizes. — The Camden Silver Medal, presented by the Marquis of 
 Camden, K.G., for proficiency _ in Mathematics; the Camden JPri^ for 
 an English Essay, also given by the Marquis of Camden ; the Dart- 
 mouth Prize ; the Southampton Prize, given by Lord Southampton, K..T., 
 for Latin ; the Llanover Prize for History, founded by Lord Llanover ; 
 and various Minor Prizes for Theology, Drawing, Elofiution, .and Good 
 Conduct. 
 
 Fees. — ■^^3 3s. per Term, wMoh includes BooJ^s a,n^ ,Stati,on,eiy. Boys entering 
 when fifteen, £c, 5s. per Term. The Junior School, £,2 2s. per Term inclusive. 
 Entrance Fee, IDS. Drawing, 14s. ; Shorthand^ 7s. Boarders, 60 gs. Pupils resid- 
 ing at a distance may remain -between the hours of morning and afternoon school to 
 partake of refreshments, or may dine at the house of one>of the Masters a{;^4 4s. per 
 Term ; or at any approved dini;ig-room at 63. to gd.per meal. Therg .see three Teems. 
 
 Prindpal, Rev. C. W. Williams, D.D., F.R.A.S. 
 
 Oriental Linguistic Institution.^Eor imparting a knowledge 
 of the Languages essential to Competitions fpr the Indian Services, 
 and other-s. Here nearly all the leading Vernaculars of India are 
 taught (including those of the Bengal, Bombay, and Madras Presiden- 
 cies, the North-w.est Provinces, and the Punjab), as well as Sanscrit, 
 Arabic, Persian, and Hebrew. The Principal for many years was Mis- 
 sionary in Northern India ; and he is assisted in his present duties by 
 Native Teachers. Instruction is also giveij in Greek, Latin, apd 
 French, on very moderate Terms. 
 
 Eor the convenience (Sf Lady Pupils living in the Western parts of 
 the Metropolis and saburt)s, the .Principal has made arrangements with 
 Miss White, the Superintendent of the Institute for Governesses, 
 31, Weymouth Street, Portland Place, to conduct there Classes eor 
 Ladies for the study of the ClassicaJl, Biblical, and Indian Languages. 
 Terms vary from Two and a Hilf Guineas to Five Guineas per Quarter, 
 according to number in Class and number of Lessons per week. 
 
 Principal, Rev. G. Sjhall, 24, Wellington Street, Strand. 
 
ISLINGTON PROPRIETARY SCHOOL. 335 
 
 St. Mary's College, Hanover Park, Peckham Rye, S.E. — 
 Visitor : the Bishop of Winchester.— Established 1868, to provide, at a 
 moderate charge, superior Commercial and Middle Class Education on 
 Church of England principles. Classes are formed for Pupils preparing to 
 offer themselves as Candidates for .the Oxford or Cambridge Middle Class 
 Examinations. The Religious Instruction is under the personal super- 
 intendence of the Wardens of the College. The College, standing in 
 its own grounds of three and a half acres, is close to Peckham Rye 
 Common, and within five minutes' walk of the Station, on the London 
 and Brighton, and London, Chatham, and Dover Railways. The premises 
 are specially adapted for the requirements of a first-dass Institution. 
 They contain large School and Class Rooms, and lofty well-ventilated 
 Dormitories, which are so arranged that each is under the superintend- 
 lence of a Master. Each Pupil has a separate bed. 
 
 There are Twelve Exhibitions of j£8 each, tenable for three jears. 
 
 Fees. — For Day Pupils, 6.gs. orS fs. per annum ; and for Boarders, 31 ^. to 
 45 gs., according to age. These Fees are strictly inclusive. For Pupils above six- 
 teen special arrangements must be made. 
 
 INFLUENCE OF PRIZES. 
 
 After distributing the Prizes awarded at the Midsummer Examination, 1871, the 
 Lord Bishop of Winchester said : — It is a specially pleasing thing to me to see young 
 faces animated with one feeling, and anxious to rejoice in the .prizes .which otliers have 
 won. My Ijoys, 1 should like to say nothing but words of encouragement. It is 
 plain that many of you are exerting yourselves to profit by the advantages given to 
 you in this place. The prizes show it. They show it for this special reason, that you 
 have entered into a comipetition with other schools, Iiave been examined by examiners 
 not connected with your own college, and have carried oiF a very large proportion of 
 the prizes. Nothing can be better than that, because perfect fairness in the award of 
 the prizes is secured ; and you are not brought in contact with those with whom you 
 have mixed, who to a certain extent have become used to certain peculiarities of each 
 individual mind, and who from association are not so well able to remove impressions 
 as those entirely unconnected. As a man mounted on a hill can see further around 
 than one who is in the midst of a valley, so those who have examined you, from being 
 afar off, have had better opportunities of judging of your capabilities than those who 
 have seen you close at hand. I orjy say to you, jny boys, and especially to those who 
 have carried off prizes, do not rest contented with what you have gained. A prize is 
 a thing with which you may be well pleased, because it is fairly and honourably 
 earned in a fair and honourable competition ; because it is a mark like a milestone 
 upon the road upon which you may rest when you have reached to a certain distance 
 in the great journey before you. But suppose a person on a long journey when he 
 came to a milestone were to sit down and say, " I have reached this milestone, and 
 here I shall stop," do you think he would ever get to his journey's end ? Now, to 
 you I would say — Do not make the prizes milestones to be satisfied with, or you will 
 never make progress. X)o not stop, but put on double steam, and you will then get 
 to the journey's end. If you do this, you will be devoting the prizes to their right 
 purpose, for ithey wHl be an encouragement to you for further exertion, and I hope 
 you wiU gain higher prizes still. There is one prize in to-day's distribution which 
 I am always glad to see worthily gained, and that is the prize for good conduct. 
 Prizes of tills kind^how the good bearing which a school maintains, and that a proper 
 feeling exists between yourselves and those who are over you. They are indeed most 
 valuable, and' give promise of good citizenship and .of useful lives hereafter. Talents 
 may be thrown away, but good conduct never can perish. 
 
 Head Master, J. E. Thompson, M. A. 
 
 Islington Proprietary School. — Patrons : the Archbishop of 
 Canterbury and the Lord Bishop of London. The object of this 
 School is to combine Domestic Habits with the advantages of Public 
 Education; to furnish correct and sound Instruction at a moderate 
 
336 SON^S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 expense, and to base the whole on Christian Knowledge and Principles ; 
 to train Pupils for the Universities, and to provide a sound and practical 
 Education for those who are intended for Professional and Commercial 
 Life. The Course of Instruction includes Theology in its different 
 branches; the Latin, Greek, French, German, Hebrew, and English 
 Languages ; Arithmetic, and pure and mixed Mathematics ; History and 
 Geography, both ancient and modern ; Chemistry and Natural Science ; 
 Writing ; the use of the Globes ; Drawing, and the Principles of 
 Perspective. 
 
 At the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and London, Pupils edu- 
 cated at the School have gained the highest honours in Classics and 
 Mathematics, and have been elected to Scholarships, Fellowships, and 
 Tutorships. Increased attention has of late been paid to all the different 
 branches of Education which those who are destined for Commercial 
 Life especially require; more time has been given to Arithmetic, 
 Algebra, Trigonometry, Natural Science, and Mathematics in general, as 
 well as to Modern Languages, and English Composition, Grammar, and 
 History. 
 
 But a Special Department has been instituted to provide a more 
 direct training for the Civil, Military, and Naval appointments open to 
 Competition. 
 
 Four Scholarships are attached to the School, called the Islington 
 Scholarships : two of the value of ;£$o per annum each, payable half- 
 yearly, tenable for three years at either of the Universities of Oxford or 
 Cambridge, one of which is awarded every alternate year ; and two of 
 the value of ;^i5 per annum each, payable half-yearly, tenable So long 
 only as the holder thereof continues a pupil at the School, but not for a 
 period exceeding two years, one of which is awarded every year. 
 
 Fees. — A Proprietor's Nomination must be obtained for each Scholar before 
 admission, or a fee of ;^2 2s. paid ; if more than one Scholar from the same family, 
 then £i is. for each after the first. Terms, varying according to the proficiency of the 
 Pupils, and their consequent position in the School, from 12 to 17 guineas per annum. 
 Drawing Classes, £1 lis. 6d. per annum ; Drilling Classes, 12s. per annum ; Library, 
 2s. 6d. per annum and 2s. 6d. on entrance. Books and Stationery are supplied at the 
 regular price. Boarders are taken by some of the Masters at about ^50 per annum. 
 There are Three Vacations. 
 
 Ifead Master, Rev. R. W, Bush, M. A. 
 
 Chisvrick Collegiate School. — In union with the College of 
 Preceptors, whose certificates admit to all the Learned Professions, the 
 Pharmaceutical Society, and the Royal Veterinary College. The Head 
 Master is a Licentiate and Fellow of the College of Preceptors, Member 
 of the Council, and of the Board of Examiners. This is one of the first 
 three Schools that submitted its Pupils to the test of Public Examina- 
 tion. Educates forty Boys, at charges varying from £,\o to j[fia per 
 annum. There is a Preparatory Department, which educates thirty 
 Boys between the ages of seven and ten, at an inclusive charge of 
 £,2fi 153. per annum. There is an efficient Staff of English and Foreign 
 Masters and Governesses. 
 
 Head Master, Dr. White, M.A. 
 
 Philological School, Marylebone Road, N.W. — Founded 
 1792. Patron,HERMAjESTYTHE Queen. In union with King's College. 
 
BLACKHEATH PROPRIETARY SCHOOL. 337 
 
 The Course of Instruction embraces the principles of the Cliristian Reli- 
 gion as maintained by the Established Church, the English, Latin, Greek, 
 French, and German Languages, Writing, Book-keeping, Arithmetic, 
 Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, History, Geography, 
 and Drawing. In addition to the Foundation Scholars, the School 
 receives as Contributory Scholars the sons of persons engaged in pro- 
 fessional or commercial pursuits. These boys are admitted by the Head 
 Master, subject to the approval of the Governors. Every applicant for 
 admission must be able to read and write, and must know the multi- 
 plication table. Boys above the age of thirteen cannot be admitted 
 unless they have some substantial knowledge of Latin and French. 
 A large and well-selected Library is available to every boy on payment 
 of a small subscription. 
 
 Prizes and Scholarships.— An Examination, conducted by gentle- 
 men from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, appointed for 
 that purpose by the Governors, is held annually before the Summer 
 Vacation, when Prizes are awarded to those boys who have distinguished 
 themselves by application, regular attendance, and good conduct. A 
 Prize for general proficiency is also given by the Council of King's 
 College. The distribution of Prizes takes place on the last Thursday 
 in July, and is open to the parents and friends of the Pupils. There 
 are Four Scholarships, each of the annual value of £,^,0, tenable in the 
 School for two years from the time of Election. Two of these are 
 awarded at each Annual Examination to those Pupils who, being 
 otherwise eligible, obtain the highest aggregate number of marks in the 
 several subjects comprised in the Course of Education. Candidates 
 must be under fifteen years of age, and must have been three years in 
 the School. Minor Scholarships, worth jCd a year, are occasionally 
 awarded to meritorious boys. 
 
 The Fee for the Education of Contributory Scholars is £■>, a Term. This Fee 
 includes the expense of all Stationery used in the School. Those Pupils who learn 
 Drawing pay Ss. a Term for drawing materials, the use of models, &c. 
 
 Head Master, Edwin Abbott, Esq. 
 
 Blackheath Proprietary School. — Instituted 1830. The 
 Educational arrangements comprise a General Department and a Special 
 Department. The former comprises Classics, Mathematics, History, 
 Geography, Drawing, French, and such Modem Languages and other 
 branches of Science and General Literature, as it may be deemed 
 advisable to .introduce with a view to preparing Pupils for the Univer- 
 sities, the Learned Professions, the Competitive Examinations for the 
 Royal Engineers and Artillery and the Indian Civil Service, and the 
 ordinary bccupations of life. The latter comprises Mathematics, English 
 Literature and Composition, Latin, French, German, History, Geo- 
 graphy, the principles of Mechanics, and the rudiments of the Physical 
 Sciences, Chemistry, &c., with Fortification and Military Drawing when 
 required. This Department is adapted to the education of Pupils 
 destined for the Military Examinations, the profession of Civil Engineer- 
 ing, and for Mercantile pursuits ; especially to the preparation of Candi- 
 dates for Direct Appointments in her Majesty's Service ; for Cadetships 
 in the Royal Navy and the Military College of Sandhurst ; and for the 
 Govenxment Offices. 
 
338 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 The Religious Instruction is in conformity with the principles of the 
 Church of England. 
 
 Two Exhibitions oi £,^^0 a year each are usually given, annually, to 
 the Pupils who pass the best Examination in Divinity ; Classics, includ- 
 ing grammatical criticism, translation ; Mathematics, and History. These 
 Exhibitions are tenable for three years from the commencement of the 
 University Term next after the Election of the Candidates, or as long 
 as they are respectively bond, fide resident during the usual Terms. 
 Three Scholarships (one Classical, one Mathematical, and one for 
 the Special Department), of ;^ro a year each, are given in each year; 
 also three Boarding House Scholarships, under certain regulations on 
 entering the School. 
 
 There is a Choral Class, a Gymnasium, and Cricket and Football are 
 played upon a portion of the Heath. 
 
 Admission. — There are three ways of admission fo the School: — i. 
 By the purchase of a £,2Q Share, which confers the right of nominating 
 a' Pupil, with this condition,- — that if the Nominee be not a Son or 
 Grandson of the Proprietor, the nominatibn must be subject to the 
 approval of the Committee. 2. By obtaining a Nomination from a 
 Proprietor, subject to the Committee's approval. 3. By Committee 
 Nominations, under certain conditions, for which an Entrance Fee of 
 ;£'io is required. 
 
 Fbes. — The year is divided into three Terms, and the expense of tuition is £"] 
 each Term, besides a further sum of los. per Term in aid of the Exhibition and 
 SCHOLAKSHIP Fund. Boarders are received by the Principal and some of the 
 Masters, at inclusive terras, from ;^7o to ;f 80 per annum. Choral Class, 12s. 6d. per 
 annum ; Gymnasium, 6s. per Term. 
 
 Principal, Rev. J. Kempthorne. 
 
 Crystal Palace School of Art, Science, and Literature. In 
 connection with the Crystal Palace Company> Sydenham. Advan- 
 tages : — The acquirement of a liberal and finished Education on 
 reasonable terms. The opportunity of improvement or study in any 
 separate subject, such as Painting, Drawing, Modelling, Dancing, 
 Singing, Pianoforte, Languages, History, Geography, Mathematics, &c., 
 &c. ; each Class being independently constituted, and supervised by an 
 eminently quaHfied and experienced Professor. The whole of the 
 Courts and valuable Collections of the Palace are used for the purposes 
 of the Classes by way of examples or illustrations. Registered Pupils 
 have free use of the Company's Reading Room and Library, which 
 comprises, in addition to the Magazines, Newspapers, Serials, and 
 Reviews of the day, a valuable collection of Educational Works and 
 Books of Reference. Pupils have free admission to the Palace to 
 attend the Classes, or the privilege, when duly registered, of purchasing, 
 at half-price, a Season Ticket available on all occasions. Pupils are 
 prepared for the Oxford and Cambridge Local Examinations, or for 
 Matriculation at the London University. The Studios and Class Rooms 
 are strictly private. 
 
 Fees. — The Fees consist of payments to Classes, -wliich are numerous and varied, 
 the charges ranging from £1 is. to £ii 12s. \ Students paying only to those Classes 
 which they avail themselves of. 
 
 Secretary, Mr. Edward Lee, Crystal Palace, Sydenham. 
 
WESLEY COLLEGE. 339 
 
 St. John's College, Surrey. — There are certain special features 
 at this Institution. The Religious Instruction is unsectarian, based 
 upon the broad truths recognised by all who profess Christianity. The 
 General Course embraces a sound Classical, Mathematical, Scientific, 
 or Mercantile Education. Pupils may be specially prepared for the 
 Universities, the Public Schools, the Civil Service, the Army, Navy, 
 Professional, or Local Examinations. An important featmre in the 
 system of Education is the prominence given to French and German, 
 which languages are taught by resident Native Professors. The Pupils 
 are restricted during a part of each day to one of these languages ; thus 
 facility is obtained in conversation seldom attainable in England. The 
 Pupils attend the Historical and Scientific Lectures at the Crystal 
 Palace, and have also all the advantages of its collection of Art 
 Treasures, Libraries, Reading Rooms, Gardens, &c. The House is 
 detached, and is situated in one of the most picturesque and healthy 
 localities near the Metropolis, and contains spacious and well-ventilated 
 Class Rooms, Dormitories, Lavatories, and Offices. The year is 
 divided into Three Terms. 
 
 Fees. — According, to age and requirements, from 45 gs. to 75 gs. per annum, 
 inclusive. Day Pupils, 20 gs. per annum. 
 
 Principal, Charles Waite, LL.D., Laurie Park South. 
 
 "Wesley College, Sheffield. — Affiliated to the University 
 OF London. — Founded for the purpose of imparting Education in 
 connection with strict Religious and Moral culture. Physical Training 
 is also provided by Drill and Gymnastics. The College is situated 
 upon a healthy elevation, within an enclosure nearly six acres in extent, 
 and close to the Botanical Gardens, to which the Pupils have access on 
 very easy terms. There is a spacious Play-ground, and a large Swim- 
 ming Bath in premises detached from the main building. 
 
 The Religious Course consists of Instruction in the Evidences, 
 Doctrines, Duties, and Privileges of the Christian Religion, as held and 
 taught by the Wesleyan Methodist Church. A portion of every 
 Sunday afternoon is devoted to the Reading of the Holy Scriptures. 
 The English Bible and the Conference Catechism are taught from week 
 to week throughout all the Classes, and in the Upper Section the Greek 
 Testament and Whately's Evidences are carefully studied. Besides 
 the attendance upon Morning and Evening Family Prayer, and upon 
 the Public Services in the College Chapel, which is compulsory upon 
 all, such of the Pupils as are Members of the Methodist Society are met 
 in Class by the Governor ; and Prayer-meetings are held by the Pupils 
 themselves, under suitable direction^ At the same time, no word of 
 invidious distinction is uttered against those who do not belong to the 
 Wesleyan Methodist Church, nor is any undue influence or persuasion 
 used to force the Pupils into its Society ; but they are taught to look, 
 without suspicion or bigotry, upon the members of all Evangelical 
 Churches as fellow Christians. > 
 
 The Pupils are Classed in Three Divisions. The Commercial Divi- 
 sion consists of Pupils who are intended for Mercantile pursuits. The 
 Course embraces EngUsh Reading, Orthography, Orthoepy, Verbal 
 Distinctions, Etymology and Composition, a bold and business-like style 
 of Penmanship, Arithmetic (Commercial, Mental, Fractional, &c.), 
 
34° SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Book-keeping, Mensuration, Land Surveying (Theoretical and Practical), 
 Navigation ; Physical, Political, and Descriptive Geography ; Use of the 
 Globes, Ancient and Modern History, French, German, Music, Draw- 
 ing, Chemistry, and Natural Philosophy. 
 
 The Professional Division consists of Pupils who are designed for 
 occupations requiring a higher degree of Learning, and of those whose 
 rank or tastes render it desirable that they should receive a more finished 
 Education. Their Course (after the preliminary studies of the former 
 Division) embraces in Mathematics : — Euclid, Algebra, Plane and 
 Spherical Trigonometry, Conic Sections, Differential and Integral Cal- 
 culus, Mechanics, Dynamics, Optics, Hydrostatics, Astronomy, and the 
 higher parts of Analysis : and in Classics — Greek : — Xenophon, 
 Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Sophocles, -lEschylus, Aristophanes, 
 Plato, Demosthenes, Thucydides, &c. Latin : — Csesar, Sallust, Cicero, 
 Livy, Tacitus, Virgil, Horace, Terence, Juvenal, Persius, Lucretius, 
 &c., &c. 
 
 In addition to these two Divisions there is a Third — the University 
 Division. This includes Undergraduates of the University of London, 
 and those who are studying to become such ; Wesley College having 
 been constituted by Royal Warrant a College of that University. The 
 Pass and Honour Courses laid down in the University Calendar are 
 pursued from year to year, and the efficient working of the system is 
 attested by the results of various Public Examinations. During six years 
 the names of Wesley College Students occur nearly Seventy times as 
 successful competitors in the Matriculation, First B.A., Second B.A., 
 Preliminary Scientific, M.B. and LL.B. Examinations; and of these 
 more than Ninety-one per cent, have passed either in Honours or in the 
 First Division. At University College an Exhibition of the value of 
 ;^30 per annum was gained by a Wesley College man, and at the 
 London University " First Boy " stood second in Classical Honours at 
 the First B.A. Examination, and in the following year was at the head 
 of the List, thus winning the Classical Scholarship of ;£s° P^''. annum 
 for three years, with the title of University Scholar ; also, at the January 
 Matriculation, 1870, when 318 competed as the selected representatives 
 of. the various affifiated Colleges and Schools throughout England, a 
 " Third Boy " was classed third in Honours, and another fifteenth, thus 
 winning Lycett Scholarships of ;^5o and^^so per annum respectively, 
 in addition to an Exhibition awarded by the Senate to the former. At 
 the similar Examination held in January, 1871, a " Fourth Boy" obtained 
 the eighth place in Honours, and a prize of five guineas. At other public 
 Examinations Wesley College Students have achieved distinguished 
 honours during the same period ; for example, at the General Examina- 
 tions of the Inns of Court, four Studentships have been gained ; namely, 
 two of fifty, one of thirty, and one of twenty guineas, tenable for three 
 years. The Studentships of fifty guineas are awarded only to Halt first in 
 honours. At Cambridge, at the head of the Law Tripos List, 1867, or 
 first in Honours at the LL.B. Examination, stands the name of a Pupil 
 who received a seven years' training at Wesley College, and who has 
 since been elected to a Studentship ; and a short time previously, at the 
 same University, another Pupil took an open Scholarship of ^75 per 
 annum, and another was Tenth Wrangler. 
 
 The French and German Languages are taught by accomplished 
 
WESTERN COLLEGE. 34 1 
 
 Foreigners ; Hebrew and Syriac when required, by an eminent Oriental 
 Scholar ; Drawing, Music, Chemistry, and Natural Philosophy, by first- 
 class Professors. All the Pupils have the advantage of attending the 
 Weekly Lectures on Chemistry and Natural Philosophy. These Lectures 
 have of late been rendered increasingly effective by the introduction of 
 systematic class instruction in Elementary Science. The subject of the 
 following Lecture is anticipated as far as possible in theTveekly lesson, 
 and by this means the experiments and illustrations of the lecturer are 
 followed with closer attention. 
 
 Scholarships. — Sir Francis Lycett has endowed Two Scholarships of 
 the annual value, respectively, of ;^So and ^30. These Scholarships 
 are tenable for two years, and are awarded to the Students from Wesley 
 College who stand highest in Honours at the Matriculation of the 
 London University. Emulation is further promoted by Class Compe- 
 tition, and by the distribution of Gowns, Honours, and Prizes. There 
 are Twelve Scholarships open to the whole College. The Prizes include 
 Silver and Gold Medals, and Money Endowments of the value of Ten 
 and Twenty Guineas. 
 
 The Ventilation of the premises is on the most modem and improved 
 principle, and extends to every room in the College, In the Domestic 
 ' Department every arrangement is made to secure the health and happi- 
 ness of the Pupils. A medical man, standing very high in his profesdon, 
 and an experienced nurse, are in constant attendance ; and a suite of 
 well-lighted and thoroughly ventilated apartments is appropriated to the 
 exclusive use of any who may require medical attention. The food is of 
 the best quality, and liberally supplied ; and the whole internal economy 
 is under the direct, constant, and watchful care of the Governor. 
 
 Fees. — For Pupils entering between Nine and Eleven Years of age, per annum, 
 35 gs. ; between Eleven and Fifteen, 40 gs. ; Fifteen and upwards, 45 gs. ; Medical 
 Attendance, i guinea ; Washing, 2i gs. 
 
 Music, German, Professional Chemistry, and Practical Mechanics, Four Guineas 
 each extra. Drawing, Five Guineas. There are two Singing Classes open without 
 charge to the Pupils who learn the Piano, Organ, Violin, or any other Instrument. 
 For others there is an extra charge of Two Guineas per annum for Singing. The 
 learning of extras is optional. 
 
 Governor, Rev. John Harvard. 
 
 Western College, Plymouth. — Affiliated to the Univer- 
 sity OF London. For the Education of Ministerial and Lay Students, 
 established in 1752, by the London Congregational Fund Board, "to 
 counteract the tendency to Arianism." The Course of Study, em- 
 bracing the usual subjects of Theology, Classics, Mathematics, and Lan- 
 guages, is designed for Six Years, but may, under certain circumstances, 
 be limited to Five Years. Students are prepared for the Examinations 
 of the University. 
 
 Admission. — Ministerial Candidates for admission must be single 
 men, not under eighteen years of age, and of undoubted piej:y and 
 earnestness. Every application must be made by letter to the Rev. J. M. 
 Charlton, M.A. A series of questions, to be answered in writing, will 
 then be forwarded to the Candidate, and the answers returned must be 
 accompanied by testimonials to character and fitness for the Ministry 
 from the Pastor and Church with which the Candidate is connected, and 
 from at least one other Minister to whom he is personally known. One 
 
342 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 or two written sermons are also required ; and much stress is laid on 
 evidence of aptitude for public speaking, or the promise of it. These 
 Testimonials and Papers .being satisfactory, the Candidate is required 
 to meet the Educational Committee, with a view to his being recom- 
 mended to the General Committee as eligible for admission to the 
 College ; and on the approval of the General Committee, he is admitted 
 to a probation of four months, at the close of which, if satisfactory, the 
 Candidate is fully admitted, and enrolled as a Student of the College. 
 
 The names of all Lay Students are submitted to the Executive 
 Committee for their sanction, before they can be fully admitted. 
 
 Fees. — ^All the Classes are open to young men above the age of sixteen, of good 
 character, as Lay Students, and non-resident. The Fee for each branch of study is 
 Six Guineas per Session, to be paid in advance. Sons of Ministers are at liberty to 
 pay half-fees ; and Young Men intending to enter the College for the Ministry are 
 received, if duly recommended, as Lay Students without Fees. 
 
 Principal, Rev. John M. Charlton, M.A. 
 
 "Wesleyan Collegiate Institution, Taunton. — Affiliated 
 TO THE University of London. — Established 1843, for the purpose of 
 securing at a moderate expense a sound Literary and Commercial. 
 Education, combined with Religious Instruction, in harmony with the 
 doctrines of the late Rev. John Wesley. The interests of the Institu- 
 tion are watched over by a Board of Directors, chosen from among the 
 Proprietors and the Wesleyan Ministers of the Exeter District. The 
 Institution occupies an elevated and healthful site, one mile from the 
 town of Taunton, and a mile and a half from the railway station. The 
 health and comfort of the Pupils are provided for by large and well- 
 ventilated Dormitories, by spacious open and covered Play-grounds, by 
 a varied and liberal Dietary, and by a careful adjustment of the hours of 
 Study and Recreation. A Drill and Gymnastic Superintendent attends 
 twice weekly. A spacious Swimming Bath and a Gymnasium are 
 accessible tb all the Students, under suitable regulations. Although a 
 Wesleyan Institution, no Sectarian bias is imparted to the Pupils, but 
 Bible teaching is careful and thorough. 
 
 Course of Instruction. — The Students are arranged in three 
 Schools or Departments, the Collegiate or Higher, the Commercial or 
 Middle, and the Junior Schools. 
 
 In the Lower School the Studies embrace English Reading and Dic- 
 tation ; the Elements of English Grammar, History, and Geography ; 
 Writing ; Arithmetic to Fractions ; Elementary Lessons in Latin, French, 
 and Natural Science. 
 
 In the Commercial or Middle School the above-named subjects are 
 more fully pursued, Euclid's Elements, Practical Geometry, and Book- 
 keeping are commenced, and all have the benefit of Weekly Lectures on 
 Natural Philosophy, Natural History, Chemistry, and Astronomy. 
 
 In the Collegiate Department the course pursued is, with little modifi- 
 cation, that laid down by the University of London, and comprehends 
 all those branches of knowledge which are in the present day considered 
 essential to a liberal education. For admission into this Department 
 Pupils must be prepared to pass a creditable Examination in — (i) Eng- 
 lish Grammar ; (2) Arithmetic, Commercial and Fractional ; (3) British 
 History and Geography; (4) the First Book of Euclid ; (5) Cffisar in 
 
INDEPENDENT COLLEGE. 343 
 
 Latin ; (6) French Grammar and Translation. The Institution having 
 been, in the year 1847, connected by Royal Charter with the University 
 of London, Students are prepared for the Matriculation and Degree 
 Examinations of the University. Nearly all Candidates from this 
 College have passed the Matriculation Examination in Honours or in 
 the First Division, some obtaining the valuable Exhibitions of the Uni- 
 versity ; and various Degrees with further Honours have been in due 
 course secured. 
 
 Scholarships and Prizes. — ^The following Annual Scholarships are 
 established : — One of Twenty Guineas, one of ;£^io, and one of ^^ for 
 the greatest proficiency in Classical, Mathematical, and Commercial 
 Studies. Books to the value of ^30 annually are also given as Prizes 
 to the Pupils most distinguished by Dihgence and Good Conduct. 
 
 The ■ Vacations are Five Weeks at Midsummer and Five at 
 Christmas. 
 Fees. — The Terms for Resident Pupils, including Board and Education, are — 
 If entering between Nine and Eleven Years of Age . 30 Guineas per annum. 
 „ between Eleven and Fourteen . . 32 
 
 „ above Fourteen 36 
 
 Use of Books and School Stationery .... 2 
 
 "Washing (Linen only) 2 
 
 Library, Drilling, Pew-rent, and Sundries . . 2 
 
 No advance in Terms is made during the period of a Pupil's continuance in the In- 
 stitution. Pupils the Nominees of Shareholders, Two Guineas less. Extras : Separate 
 sleeping-room, 8 Guineas per annum; German, 4 Guineas ; Music, 5 Guineas; Draw- 
 ing, 4 Guineas ; Practical Chemistry, 4 Guineas. 
 
 Head Master, Thomas Sibly, Esq., B. A. 
 
 Independent College, Taunton. — Affiliated to the Lon- 
 don University. — Founded to elevate early instruction, by combining 
 it with rehgious influence, and to insure a Course of Education equal to 
 that of the best Public Schools at a moderate cost. New Buildings 
 were erected in 1870 to accommodate 150 Resident Pupils. Being in 
 union with the University of London, the Students who contemplate 
 proceeding to the University enjoy the privileges of Undergraduates, 
 and are eligible for the Examinations, Scholarships, and Honours of the 
 University. The result of more than twenty-two years' experience has 
 fully sustained the sanguine expectations of the Proprietors. Through- 
 out that time the average number of Pupils has been 120. Many have 
 graduated at the University, and have obtained Honours ; and many 
 are now engaged in the Christian Ministry, and in Professional or 
 Commercial pursuits. 
 
 The Play-ground is in the midst of an estate of twenty-five acres in 
 extent, and is provided with a Gymnasium, covered Play-ground, and a 
 Swimming Bath. 
 
 Vacations. — There are two Vacations only — Five Weeks at Christ- 
 mas, and Six at Midsummer. The Terms usually commence the first 
 week in April, and the first week in October. No Pupil can be admitted 
 under eight years of age. 
 
 Fees. — Boarders under eleven years, 28 guineas per annum ; above eleven and 
 under foiu-teen, 30 gs. ; above fourteen, 36 gs. ; Washing, Drilling, and Pew-rent, 
 4 gs. Daily Boarders, under fourteen, 16 gs. ; above fourteen, 20 gs. Daily Pupils 
 under fourteen, 8 gs. ; above fourteen, 10 gs. Extras — Music, 4 gs. ; Drawing, 2 gs. 
 No charge for Books. 
 
 Principal, Rev. W. H. Griffith, M.A. 
 
344 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Queen's College, Birmingham. — Incorporated by Act of Par- 
 liament, and AFFILIATED TO THE UniVERSIIY OF LoNDON. ' The 
 
 University holds an Annual Matriculation Examination at the-CoLLEGE 
 in the month of June foj Students residing in Birmingham and the 
 neighbourhood. There are Three Departments— Arts, Theology, 
 and Medicine. The Arts Department is Preparatory to the Theologi- 
 cal and the Medical. The supervision of Students in the Preparatory 
 Department is entrusted to the Warden, by whom each Student is 
 examined on entrance. 
 
 Fees. — The expenses in the Preparatory Department are, for In-Students, Tuition, 
 IS gs. ; Furnished rooms and Commons, ;£'50 per annum. Out-Students, 15 gs. per 
 annum. Instruction given, if required, in Chemistry, Botany, French, and Drawing, 
 for additional Fees of 4 gs. each per annum. 
 
 Theological Department.— Object — To afford, at a moderate 
 expense, to Young Men intended for Holy Orders, ■ systematic and 
 practical training in the various branches -of Theology, by a Course of 
 Study extending over Two Years. Three descriptions of Students are 
 received — Graduated Students, who may be admitted for one year only ; 
 Members of the Arts Department of the College, who have passed the 
 requisite Examination '; and Literates. Every Candidate for admission 
 is required to sign the Thirty-nine Articles of Religion, and a Declara- 
 tion that "he will conform to all the Rules and Regulations of the 
 College. He must also produce tt>e usual Certificates of Baptism, and 
 of character from the Clergyman of his parish, and a recommendation 
 from a Bishop, or from three beneficed Clergymen, countersigned by the 
 Bishop of their Diocese. The following are the leading Regulations 
 affecting Theological Students : — 
 
 All Students, except Graduates, are subject before admission to a Preliminary 
 Examination, which, embraces — I. The Scripture History of the Old and New Testa- 
 ments. 2. The construing of the Gospels in Greek. 3. A Grammatical Knowledge 
 of one Greek and one Latin Classical Author. 4. Elementary Knowledge of the 
 Teaching of the Church of England, as comprised in the Prayer Book. 
 
 Opportunities will, with the consent and co-operation of the Parochial Clergy, be 
 given for gaining practical knowledge of Parochial work. All Students aie expected 
 to attend the Chapel Service daily, and the stated courses of Lectures and Exami- 
 nations. 
 
 Residences are provided in the College, in which the Students are supplied each with 
 a furnished room, and with board ; and all Students (except Graduates, or whose homes 
 are in Birmingham or the immediate neighbourhood) must be prepared at any time to 
 occupy vacant rooms. The expenses in this Department are — 
 
 1. For In-Students : — 
 
 Furnished Room and Commons, ^^50 per annum. 
 FeeSj 15 Guineas per annum. 
 
 2. For Out-Students :— 
 
 Fees, 7 Guineas per Term. 
 
 An Examination is held in each Teim, on the subjects of the Lectures, and such 
 other subjects as the Warden may appoint. The final Examination in Divinity, held 
 at the close of the second year, will embrace — I. A portion of the Old Testament in 
 Hebrew. 2. One or more of the Epistles in Greek. 3. The Articles of the Church 
 of England. 4. Portions of Ecclesiastical History. 5. Biblical Criticism and Inter- 
 pretation. 6. The Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion. 7. Controversy with 
 the Churches and Sects differing from the discipline and doctrine of the Church of 
 England. 
 
 No Student (except a Graduate) can present himself for the Fin?! Examination 
 until six Terms shall have been kept from the time of his entrance. 
 
 A Testimonial, under the seal of the College, signed by the Vice-President and 
 Warden, anOTHdressed to the Bishop of the Diocese in which the Student applies to 
 be admitted as a candidate for Holy Orders, will be granted to each Student who has 
 
QUEEN'S COLLEGE. 3J5 
 
 passed the Final Examination, and whose conduct throughout his collegiate residence 
 has been satisfactory. ^ 
 
 The Wameford Theological Scholarships (four in number) will be annually awarded 
 at the close of Trinity Term to those In-Students, of not less than three Terms' stand- 
 ing, who shall, in the judgment of the Committee, be the most deserving. 
 
 Clergymen in Deacon's Orders, desirous of preparing themselves for Priest's 
 Orders, may, with the consent of the Warden, attend any portion of the Lectures and 
 Examinations for that purpose. 
 
 Students intended for Holy Orders, under the age of twenty-one years, or above 
 that age who shall not be able lo pass the Preliminary Examination, may be admitted 
 into the Preparatory Department ; and Classes are established for affording the neces- 
 sary instructions preparatory to the Theological Course. 
 
 The Academical Year consists of three Terms, viz. : — Michaelmas Term ; from the 
 firat Monday in October to the week before Christmas. Lent Term; from the 
 middle of January to the end of March. Trinity Term ; from the first Monday in May 
 to the end of July. 
 
 Medical Department. — Students may enter as Matriculated 
 Students, or those who enter for their entire Medical Education ; as 
 Occasional Students, or those who enter for one or more Courses of 
 ■ Lectures ; as Junior Students, to prepare for the Preliminary Examina- 
 tion required by the Licensing Bodies, before entering into the Medical 
 Department. (See these Examinations, Royal College of Phy- 
 sicians and Royal College of Surgeons.) 
 
 Medical Scholarships. — Two Warneford Scholarships are awarded 
 under certain conditions to Students of the Medical Faculty after 
 Examinatipn. The Sands Cox Prize, of the vahie of ;£^2o, is given 
 annually in the Medical Department, in accordance with the Act of 
 Parliament, " in commemoration of the exertions of Mr. William Sands 
 Cox in founding and supporting the College." This Prize is open to 
 Students who have completed their Curriculum, and is awarded after 
 Examination in Medicine, Surgery, and Midwifery. Every Candidate 
 is required to produce a Certificate of good conduct from the Warden. 
 The Warderis Prize, of the value of Five Guinefas, offered by the Rev. 
 T. E. ESPIN to the most proficient Student of the first year. The Percy 
 Prize. — Books of the value of Five Guineas are offered by Dr. Percy, 
 Professor of Metallurgy in the Government School of Mines, to the 
 Student attending Lectures in German who may pass the best Examina- 
 tion in two German works. Class Prizes. — Medals and Certificates of 
 Honour are awarded annually in each Class after Examination. 
 University Scholarships, &c. — Students of Queen's College are qualified 
 to compete for all Scholarships, Gold Medals, and other Prizes offered 
 by the University of London, the Royal College of Surgeons, and the 
 Apothecaries' Society. 
 
 Hospital Practice. — The Hospitals in connection with the College 
 are the General Hospital and the Queen's Hospital. Students 
 attending the Lectures upon Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery are 
 privileged to attend the Eye Hospital. 
 
 The Academical Year consists of two Sessions, — Winter, from 
 October i to March 31 ; and Summer, from May i to July 31. 
 
 There are connected with the College Museums of Anatomy and 
 Pathology, and a Library, open to Students free of charge. 
 
 Fees. — The Composition for all the Lectures required by the University of London, 
 the Royal College *of Physicians, the Royal Colleges of Surgeons, and the Apothe- 
 caries' Society, is Fifty Guineas, payable by two equal instalments : the first on 
 entrance, and the second at the commencement of the second year. The Lectures 
 upon Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery, Dental Surgery, and Comparative Anatomy, 
 
346 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 are not included in the Composition. The Fees are £-^ 3s. for one Course on each 
 subject, orj^5 5s. for two Courses. The Fees for particular Courses may be ascer- 
 tained from the Warden. The Hospital Fees amount to ^xo los. for six months ; 
 ;^I5 iss. for one year; or;^3i los. Perpetual. 
 
 Warden, Rev. T. E. Espin, B.D. 
 
 Spring Hill College, Birmingham. — Affiliated to the 
 University of London. — The College was instituted for the 
 Education of Students preparing for the Ministry .in Congregational 
 Churches. It now, however, assumes a wider sphere of operations, by 
 aiming to meet the circumstances of two Classes of Students — those 
 contemplating the Ministerial life, and others not contemplating the 
 Ministry, but seeking the advantages of a University Course, under 
 religious influences. 
 
 The Theological Department comprises two Courses of Study, 
 one properly Theological, which occupies folir Sessions, and one com- 
 prising Hebrew and the Aramsean dialects, Greek and Roman Classics, 
 English Literature, Mathematics, and Mental Philosophy, in which 
 Students remain as long as is necessary to prepare them, in the way of 
 information or discipline, for the studies more immediately connected 
 with the Ministry. In conformity with this arrangement, applications 
 are received from young men who, either at a University or elsewhere, 
 have obtained proficiency in the branches of study just enumerated, for 
 admission to the Theological Course only ; and from others for admis- 
 sion to both Courses. 
 
 Every application for admission must be made by letter, addressed to 
 the Chairman of the Board of Education, stating briefly, but explicitly, 
 the Candidate's age, his belief respecting the doctrines specified in the 
 following Rule, the length of time he has made a religious profession, 
 his motives for desiring the Ministerial work, his previous occupation, 
 and the extent to which his education is advanced. It should also be 
 accompanied by a letter of recommendation from his Pastor, a certifi- 
 cate of health from some medical practitioner, and such other testimo- 
 nials as he may be able to procure. If, through circumstances not 
 affecting his character, a pastoral testimonial should not be obtainable, 
 the deficiency must be supplied by that of some other minister suf- 
 ficiently acquainted with him to warrant a judgment on his application. 
 
 Every Candidate is, at the time he is received on probation, and as a 
 term of admission, required to make a declaration in writing to the 
 eflect that he is a Dissenter from the Established Church ; and that he 
 believes in the Unity of the Divine nature — the Divinity of Christ, the 
 Atonement rnade by His deafh for sin — the Divinity and Personality of 
 the Holy Spirit — the necessity of the Spirit's influence for the illumina- 
 tion of the understanding and the renovation of the heart — the plenary 
 inspiration of the Holy Scriptures — and the Divine authority of Infant 
 Baptism. He may do this in his own words if he please ; but his 
 statement must include every particular specified. He must also engage 
 to observe the Rules and Orders of the College ; and that, unless a 
 special exception be made by the Board in his case, he will remain in 
 the Institution till he have completed the prescribed Course. 
 
 Every Candidate should expressly state in his letter whether he 
 appUes to be received on the Foundation, or he or his friends propose 
 
PRIMITIVE METHODIST SCHOOL. 347 
 
 to defray the whole or any part of the expenses of his board and educa- 
 tion. When any friend of the Candidate engages to do this, the party 
 so intending should state the fact in a letter accompanying the applica- 
 tion. It is indispensable that Students' private expenses should he 
 borne by themselves or their friends. 
 
 The Lay Department. — The Course, if fully carried out, would 
 comprise the whole of the Studies which are necessary in order to 
 obtain the M.A. degree of the Universit}' of London ; a Course which 
 occupies four or five years. But, to afford every advantage which the 
 _ College Curriculum admits of, Students may be received for the B.A. 
 ' Course, which occupies but two or three years ; or even for a single 
 Session, in eases where such an opportunity of improvement is desired 
 as a preparation for studies more immediately professional, or for busi- 
 ness. Should, however, a Student who had entered for the M.A. or 
 B.A.. Course desire to quit the College at an earlier period of his 
 studies, a written statement to that effect, addressed to the Board of 
 Education, by his friends, or by himself with their sanction, would 
 authorise his leaving accordingly. 
 
 Every Student, on the ordinary termination of his Course, will, inde- 
 pendently of any University Degree or Certificate which he may obtain, 
 receive a Testimonial from the Board of Education as to his character 
 and conduct as a Student. 
 
 Young men of Dissenting Families, professing Evangelical principles, 
 who have attained the age of sixteen years at least, are eligible for 
 admission, provided they are of unexceptionable moral character, have 
 made sufficient preparation for the regular College Course, and are 
 properly recommended. They will be required to pay £,i>o a year, or 
 being Ministers' Sons ^^50 a year, for Board and Education. 
 
 All applications for admission must be made to the Chairman of the 
 Board of Education, from whom particulars of Preliminary Examina- 
 tions, terms of Probation, and the internal discipUne and arrangements 
 of the College, may be obtained. 
 
 Chairman, Rev. R. W. Dale, M.A. 
 
 Primitive Methodist School. — A Jubilee School of the 
 Primitive Methodist Denomination. While due attention is given to 
 those Languages which form the basis of our English tongue, to Mathe- 
 matics and other subjects which tend to train the intellect, care is taken 
 that the more elementary parts of an English education are not neglected, 
 so that those Pupils who remain a reasonable time shall be able to 
 write and speak their own language correctly, and have as full a know- 
 ledge of Mercantile affairs as can be communicated at School. Thirty 
 Certificates have already been won at the Oxford and Cambridge 
 Examinations — some of them in Honours. The Religious welfare of the 
 Pupils is sought by the communication of Scriptural knowledge by a 
 weekly Lecture, by the use of Connexional Catechisms, by brief daily 
 exhortations, and by regular family worship. The Pupils are required 
 to attend the Primitive Methodist Chapel on the Sabbath, and family 
 worship twice a day. Those who are under religious impressions, 
 and conduct themselves with propriety, are met in Class by the Governor, 
 and a great majority of the Pupils have hitherto availed themselves of 
 the privilege. 
 
348 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 The situation of the School is pleasant and salubrious, and the apart- 
 ments are light, lofty, and healthy, A Bath-room, a Lavatory, and all 
 requisite conveniences have been provided, and no expense has been 
 spared to secure the comfort and well-being of the Pupils. Above 
 ;^4,ooo has recently been expended in enlargement and other improve- 
 ments. A beautiful field is used as Play-ground, a Gymnasium has been 
 erected for the exercise of the Pupils, and a large shed for their use in 
 wet weather. The Dormitories are most pleasant" and comfortable, and 
 the Diet is wholesome and abundant. 
 
 Fees. — ^Board, Lodging, and Tuition, for ages from less than twelve years to more 
 than fourteen, 22 gs. to 32 gs. per annum. French, German, Music, and Drawing, 
 each 4 gs. extra. Nothing extra for either Greek or Latin. Two Vacations, Mid- 
 summer and Christmas. 
 
 Governor, Rev. Thomas Smith, Elmfield, near York. 
 
 St. Chad's College, Denstone. — In connection with St. 
 Nicholas' College. — Denstone is in the very centre of the Midland 
 districts of England. The site of the School is about a mile and a half 
 from Rocester Junction, to which station boys can be conveyed by 
 the Churnet Valley Railway for a few shillings from Macclesfield, 
 Manchester, and all the great manufacturing towns of Lancashire. 
 By the North Staffordshire they can come from Cheshire, Shropshire, 
 and the Potteries. The new line from Stafford to Uttoxter brings 
 them from Wolyerhampton and the Black Country ; while the Midland 
 provides easy means of access from Birmingham, Burton, Leicester, 
 Derby, Nottingham, and the High Peak. 
 
 It is anticipated that this School at Denstone will before long be 
 subordinate to some greater establishment like Lancing, which will 
 form a centre for the supply of the educational wants of the Midland 
 Counties. To this will be added a Lower Middle School, where boys 
 will be boarded and educated for ^^14 14s. a year. 
 
 A Middle School for Girls will also be founded, similar to that at 
 Bognor. 
 
 Rev. Henry Meynell, Denstone, Ashburne. 
 
 St. Edmund's College, Ware. — Affiliated to the University 
 OF London. The College is situated on elevated ground, about a mile 
 and a half from the Station at Standon, and twenty-six miles from 
 London. The building was expressly erected for its present purpose ; 
 the Dormitories and internal arrangements are therefore in every way 
 adapted to secure the health and comfort of the Students. The Course 
 of Education includes every branch of instruction which is necessary for 
 Young Men intended for Business or for any of the Learned Professions, 
 or who are preparing to enter upon the Ecclesiastical state. It com- 
 prises the Classical Languages, Greek and Latin; the Modern Lan- 
 guages, English, French, Italian, and German ; the higher branches of 
 Mathematics, Natural and Moral Philosophy. The age of admission is 
 from ten years. 
 
 Private Tuition. — Twenty rooms are reserved for Young Men 
 requiring Private Tuition, with a view to higher studies, or to the Civil 
 Service and other employments. The pension in these instances varies 
 according to the requirements of the case. 
 
HUDDERSFIELD COLLEGE. 349 
 
 There are two Vacations in the year : one of six weeks at Midsummer ; 
 another of about two weeks' duration at Christmas. No additional 
 charge is made for those who remain at College during the Vacations, 
 nor any deduction for absence. 
 
 Fees. — ^The Pension, for Students under the age of twelve, is £<,o per annum ; 
 above that age £,b<i. In the School of Philosophy there is an additional charge of 
 £10. Extras : Italian or German, ^4 4s. per half-year ; Instrumental Music, £% 3s. ; 
 Drawing, £2 los. ; and a few optional minor charges. 
 
 President, Very Rev. Monsignor Patterson, M.A. 
 
 Huddersfield Colleg-e. — Affiliated to the University of 
 London. — All Pupils of two years' standing are entitled to compete for 
 the Scholarships, Exhibitions, Medals, and Prizes of the University j 
 and also to present themselves for Examination for the various Degrees 
 in Arts, Laws, and Science. The College was instituted in 1838, for 
 the purpose of affording a superior Collegiate and Commercial Educa- 
 tion, upon a Scriptural basis. It is divided into two Schools, the 
 Lower and the Upper. The Lower School is preparatory to the 
 Upper, and Pupils are expected to pass from the Lower to the Upper 
 School, after having their fitness for promotion certified by the Principal. 
 The Subjects taught in the Upper School are the English, Latin, Greek, 
 and French Languages ; Ancient and Modern History ; Geography ; 
 Arithmetic ; Book-keeping ; Mathematics ; and Natural Philosophy. 
 Pupils intended for Commercial Pursuits may relinquish the study of 
 Latin (if desired by their Parents) at a certain Stage of their Progress, 
 and take extra lessons in German and Natural Science instead of Latin 
 and Greek. 
 
 Scholarships and Exhibitions. — In addition to the privileges 
 attainable through successful Examination at the London University, a 
 Scholarship (biennial) of the annual value of £,^0, tenable for two 
 years at one of the English Universities, will be awarded to the Candi- 
 date who shall distinguish himself most in the Honour Matriculation 
 Examination of the University of London. Only such Students as 
 have attended the classes of the College at least the two years imme- 
 diately previous to the Matriculation Examination will be eligible for 
 competition. Two Exhibitions (annual) of the value of ;^io each, in 
 connection with the Local Examinations of the University of Cam-' 
 bridge. Competitors must have been Students in the College for at 
 least twelve months previous to the Examination. There are also Gold 
 and Silver Medals for Essays, and Proficiency in various branches of 
 Scholarship, besides minor Prizes and Certificates of Honour and 
 Merit. Pupils are also prepared for the Examination of the Science 
 and Art Department, South Kensington. 
 
 OBJECT OF GOOD SCHOOLING. 
 At a recent Prize Distribution held at the College, Dr. Simon 
 addressed the following remarks to Parents and Pupils : — 
 
 It seems to me that the great object of a school maybe summed up in three things. 
 The first is to sharpen boys' tools ; the second is to put tools into their hands ; and 
 the third is to inspire them with a love of good work and good workmanship. There 
 is a very mistaken idea amongst a great many parents ; and I am afraid it prevails in 
 a great many schools, that the great object of a school is to give information and 
 general knowledge. There is no knowledge so vague and useless as what people 
 
350 SOJ\rS AND DAUGHTERS: 
 
 commonly call general knowledge. I think the first object of a school is to sharpen 
 your tools. You know what your tools are, and the sort of tools, at all events, that 
 your teashers have to endeavour to sharpen on their grindstone, and it is not always a 
 very pleasant process. A little useful friction has occasionally to be applied, but the 
 tool that has to be sharpened particularly is the intellect. That is the first object. 
 You may be said to be here serving your apprenticeship ; and the first thing a boy has 
 to do, when he goes to any mechanical trade to serve his apprenticeship, is that he 
 should know how to apply himself. That is the first thing you have to learn. The 
 second is that you should have tools put into your hands. You have masters endea- 
 voiuring to discipline your minds, and endeavouring to sharpen your tools, the tools 
 that God has given to you. He has put tools into your hands. What are the most 
 useful tools ? If you are going to be scholars, or literary men, the great thing is to 
 put into your hands and teach you how to manage such things as Latin, Greek, 
 German, and French. If you are going into science, you must get the elements of 
 science. If you are going into such branches as astronomy, you must get mathema- 
 tics. If you are going into commercial life, you ought to have arithmetic, geography, 
 physical geography, natural science, and French and German. Now these are the 
 things you are to get hold of here. But I think the main thing that has to be 
 learned, and which is being given to you at this institution, is the love of good work- 
 manship — the love of work. I am afraid there is not much love of good work 
 amongst the younger generation in the present age. I hear of young men that they 
 think much more of dawdling about, having new ties of the best fashion, of having 
 the smartest hats, the loudest patterned trousers, the shortest jackets, and all those 
 kinds of things, but they don't love work. They want to enjoy themselves. Why, 
 the great enjoyment of life is to work ; and the man who has once tasted of that kind 
 of enjoyment would like, instead of making, as our workmen of all sorts seem to 
 wish, a day of ten or eight hours, to work twenty-four hours a day. If I could 
 work twenty-four hours a day — vrith decent consideration for my body — I should 
 certainly hke to do it. There is one thing I hope you vr& learn — to love work. 
 Don't let the idea get into your heads that it is a respectable thing to be dawdling 
 about the streets with your hands in your pockets, your hat on one side, a bit of your 
 handkerchief sticking out of the pocket of your coat, and making yourselves what 
 people call — excuse me spealcing plainly — a swell. Those swells, as uiey term them- 
 selves, and are termed by their companions, remind one of the frog in the fable. 
 It was " a swell," and you know the end it came to. 
 
 There are two considerations to which I should like to call the attention of parents 
 and the friends of this and any other similar institution in connection with the great 
 object of school and school life — I mean the bearing of the kind of work done, of the 
 tone of the work done, in such a school on, first, the love of work in after life, and its 
 bearings especially on the moral life. I believe that a great part of the dislike of 
 work (iat characterises too much the young men of the present day is the result of 
 the slipshod way in which they have been taught at school. If they had been under 
 the hands of masters such as yours are, who themselves are thorough, and who try 
 to make you thorough, they would have got into them such a dijike of slipshod con- 
 duct at school that afterwards they could not have reconciled themselves, or at all 
 events only in a minority of instances, and that with great difficulty, to the kind of 
 idle life which they seem to delight to lead. If you wiU only get the spirit of work 
 here, I am confident you wiU like work hereafter. But then there is another aspect 
 of it which is perhaps of greater importance, and which is far too little borne in mind. 
 It seems to me a boy or young man, at school or at college, who has got into thorough 
 habits of intellectual discipline and work, has provided himself with one of the best 
 safeguards against the moral temptations and dangers which he will have to encounter 
 in after life. I believe, if we had to go through this country at the present moment, 
 that we should find those who are occupying honourable positions not only in com- 
 merce, law, and elsewhere, but those especially who are distinguished by their earnest 
 moral character, are those who have been workers at school and college, and who 
 have been thoroughly trained. This relation of intellectual discipline to moral dis- 
 ciphne is not sufficiently heeded by us in any department of life. God has bound 
 the two together, and what God hath bound together let not man put asunder. If 
 you put them asunder, it is at your own risk. Therefore, in the interest even of the 
 future moral career of pupils and students, I rejoice that the discipline being given 
 here seems to be of so high and valuable a character. And I trust you yom^elves, 
 boys — ray fellow-boys, for I am an old boy if I am not a young boy — and fellow- 
 pupils, for I am a learner as well as you ; in fact, we only begin to learn when we 
 leave school — do set to work and thoroughly give your hearts to it. Get your own 
 
OWENS COLLEGE. 
 
 3SI 
 
 intellect and will thoroughly in hand ; be like a good coachman, have the reins in 
 hand, so that you can drive your team instead of being run away with. If you do 
 attend thoroughly to your classes and lessons here, that will be your position, and 
 depend upon it the reward will come. You will gain the esteem of your fellow-men, 
 if you do not rise to occupy high positions as men of science, learning, and literature, 
 and men of the public councils. 
 
 Principal, Samuel Sharpe, Esq., LL.B. 
 
 O'wens College, Manchester. — In connection with the Uni- 
 versity OF London. Principal, J. G. Greenwood, B.A. Founded 
 1851, by the late John Owens, Merchant, of Manchester, who be- 
 queathed ^100,000 for the purpose of "providing or aiding the means 
 of instructing and improving young persons of the male sex, and being 
 of an age not less ihan fourteen years, in such branches of Learning and 
 Science as were then, and might be thereafter, usually taught in the 
 English Universities. 
 
 Course of Instruction. — ^The Students are distinguished as Regu- 
 lar and Occasional. Regular Students are required to go through a 
 specified Course of Systematic Study, and on the completion of such 
 Course are entitled, under regulations stated in the College Calendar, to 
 receive a Diploma, conferring the title of Associate of the College. 
 Occasional Students may attend any one or more of the Classes. The 
 Classes are generally divided into Lower Junior, Higher Junior, and 
 Senior, and comprise Greek, Latin, English Language and Literature, 
 History, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Practical Physics, Civil and 
 Mechanical Engineering, Logic, Mental and Moral Philosophy, Political 
 Economy, Jurisprudence and Law, Chemistry, Analytical and Practical 
 Chemistry, Mineralogy, Natural History, Oriental Languages, Modem 
 Languages, Free-hand Drawing, &c. The College is recognised by the 
 Secretary of State for India in Council, " as possessing an efficient class 
 for instruction in Engineering with a view to the preparation of Candi- 
 dates for admission to the Competitive Examinations for Appointments 
 in the Indian Public Works Department." The Lectures on Chemistry 
 are recognised by the University of London for its Medical Degrees, by 
 the Royal College of Surgeons, and by the Apothecaries' Hall. 
 
 Scholarships and Prizes. — Entrance Exhibitions, Four of the value 
 of £,1 s each, to be competed for by persons not previously Students of 
 the College, and being not less ^Wi fifteen, nor more than eighteen years 
 of age. One Scholarship of ;^S° P^' annum, tenable for three years ; 
 one of;^i3, tenable for three years, to be competed for by Scholars of 
 the Manchester Free Grammar School, &c. Numerous Scholarships 
 tenable for one or two years, varying in value from jQ2o to j£<i°, and 
 Prizes of minor value. 
 
 London University Examinations. — The following Provincial 
 Examinations of the University are held in Owens College : — Second 
 B.A. Degree, Second B.Sc. Degree, Matriculation, First B.A. Degree, 
 First B.Sc. Degree, Preliminary Scientific M.B. The Courses at Owens 
 College prepare Students for all these Examinations. The Matriculation 
 is among those Examinations of which some one must be passed by 
 every Medical Student on commencing his professional studies, and by 
 every person entering upon- Articles of Clerkship to an Attorney, any 
 such person matriculating in the First Division being entitled to exemp- 
 tion from one year's service. Bachelors of Arts of the London 
 
352 SON^S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 University may be admitted as Attorneys and Solicitors after three 
 years' service under Articles. 
 
 Fees. — Admission, £,1 is. Arts Course — First Year, £,\(i i6s. j Second, 
 £\b i6s. ; Third, ^15 153. Science Course— ¥vc%t Year, /16 i6s. ; Second, ^f 23 2S. ; 
 Third, ^23 2s. Engineering Course— Y\r%t Year, ^12 I2s. ; Second, £\$ 153. ; 
 Third, £\}, 13s. These Fees are modified for limited attendance, and there are 
 Special and Moderate Fees for single Courses of Lectures, varying from ids. 6d. to 
 £^ 4s. The Ijbrary is open to all Students free. The College has no accommoda- 
 tion for Residence, but some of the Officers of the College receive Students to Board 
 with them at their own houses. Dinners are provided in the College daily, except on 
 Saturdays, at 1.15 p.m., and other refreshments by the .Steward, according to regula- 
 tions and. charges posted in the Hall. 
 
 Secretary, J. H. Nicholson, Esq. 
 
 Liverpool College. — Founded 1840. Principal : Rev. George 
 Butler, M.A. Consists of Upper, Middle, and Lower Schools. 
 Designed to supply, at a moderate expense, to Three Classes of Society, 
 sound education, based upon principles of the Church of England. 
 A Junior Department is attached to each School, in which the younger 
 Pupils are separated from the others during the hours of study, and are 
 under the training of special Masters. The construction and arrange- 
 ment of the College are such, that the Pupils of the separate Schools 
 are kept apart during study and play hours. The Lower Schools are 
 not intended to be preparatory to the Upper : the course of instruction 
 in each is complete. The College is recognised as a Local School of 
 Art by the Government, and enjoys the advantges consequent upon 
 that recognition. 
 
 Upper School consists of two Divisions, in which the Pupils are on 
 terms of social equality, viz. : — i. The Classical and Mathematical, in 
 which an education similar to that in the great Public Schools of 
 England is given to those who are destined for the Universities and the 
 learned professions. 2. The Modern, in which Pupils are prepared for 
 general and mercantile pursuits, as well as those connected with 
 engineering, architecture, &c. The course of instruction in the 
 Classical Division comprises Greek, Latin, Classical Composition, 
 Mathematics and Arithmetic, French and Drawing, Ancient and 
 Modern History and Geography, English Composition, Natural Philo- 
 sophy, and Chemistry. In the Modern Division more time is devoted 
 to French, Drawing, Writing, and Book-keeping, &c., and German 
 takes the place of Greek. Provision is also made for Military and 
 Naval Pupils. In connection with this School there are Six University 
 Exhibitions, varying in annual value from £^22 to .^£'50, tenable at 
 the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, or Dublin, for periods varjfing 
 from two to four years. Also various Scholarships (f.e. education 
 without charge). Special and Class Prizes. 
 
 Fees, per Annum. — For Boys above the age of Ten, 22 guineas ; Boys below 
 Ten, 17 guineas; modifications of terms for sons of Clergymen, or relatives of 
 Donors ; or where there are three or four sons from the same family. Copy-books, 
 &c., los. ; Fencing and Military Exercises, los. per annum. PupUs are required to 
 live with a Relative, or with one of the Masters. Boarders are taken by the latter at 
 from 45 guineas to 60 guineas per annum. The Boarding-house system is of such a 
 character as to combine the comforts of a private home with the advantages of a 
 public school education. Dinners for Day Pupils provided within tlie College at 
 reasonable rates. The Rule as to Residence, &c., applies to the three Schools. 
 
 Middle School course of instruction comprises Greek (to senior' 
 
LIVERPOOL COLLEGE. 353 
 
 Pupils), Latin, English Composition, History and Geography, Mathe- 
 matics, especially in their practical application, Arithmetic, Principles 
 of Mensuration, French, Drawing, Vocal Music, Book-keeping, and 
 Writing, with Natural History and Chemistry (to senior Pupils). There 
 are several Scholarships ; and two Exhibitions annually, entitling the 
 successful Candidates to education in the Upper School, upon the terms 
 of the Middle. 
 
 Fees. — Per annum, ;^ii iis. Modifications as before mentioned. Copy-books, 
 &c., 8s. ; Drilling, 6s. Same Rules as to Residence, Dinners, &c. 
 
 Lower School course comprises Latin (to senior Pupils), English 
 Granimar, Composition, and History; Geography, Arithmetic, Book- 
 keeping, French, Drawing, Vocal Music, Writing, Chemistry, and 
 Elementary Mathematics. Several Scholarships ; and two Exhibitions 
 annually, entitling the successful Candidates to education in the Middle 
 School, at the terms of the Lower. 
 
 Fees. — Per annum, £^ 153. 6d. Copy-books, &c., 6s. ; Drilling, 4s. Modifica- 
 tions as before mentioned. Same Rules as to Residence, Dinners, &c. 
 
 Secretary, J. Gregory Jones, Esq. 
 
 In 1870 Mr. Richard Pendlebury, Exhibitioner of the College, became Senior 
 Wrangler at Cambridge. In 1869 six of the pupils obtained University Scholarships 
 of the value of ^^2,000. The successes of the College afthe Universities have been 
 remarkable, between 1849 and 1869 no fewer than twelve Wranglers having pro- 
 ceeded from it, of whom five were placed in the Second Class of the Classical Tripos ; 
 and three First-class Classic's. Its pupils have gained fifty Foundation and Open 
 Schclarships, and six Fellowships. Four have been successful in the examinations 
 for the Indian Civil Service— one standing fourth on the general list, and another first 
 in Languages. Besides these honours, a considerable number of the highest 
 University prizes in Theology, Mathematics, and Classics have fallen to their share. 
 
 This Liverpool College appears to me to possess the great excellence of 
 combining two objects which have been very often considered antagonistic, namely — 
 the education of boys for their station, and also with the view of enabling them to 
 rise above their station. The ambitious flashy education of bygone times did neither. 
 It gave that kind of little knowledge, that smattering which is proverbially a dan- 
 gerous thing. It made boys discontented with the station in which they were placed, 
 and unfit for any other. The education given at this College is complete wherever 
 it stops, and, at the same time, a good foundation for something beyond. It takes, 
 for instance, the boy intended to be a warehouseman, a clerk, or what not, and gives 
 him that education which will make him the best of his class. It says, thus far shall 
 thou go ; but it does not say, thou shall go no farther. On the contrary, when it finds 
 one in the lower class who has mastered all that can be taught him there, and evinces 
 a capacity for a higher career, it opens wide the gate to him into the class above, 
 without additional charge, and again into the class above that. It does more than 
 this. It goes below the lower class, and in a similar manner opens a way into it for 
 those who seem worthy of better things than a charity school can afford. And so it 
 carries out the theory of the Constitution — a republic with a monarch at the head. 
 There is no caste in this country ; every man may aspire to the highest place under 
 the throne ; but, although the peerage has been reached by some who have risen 
 from the ranks, yet, except to the wings of genius which no obstacles can impede, 
 faulty education has made this constitutional theory little better than a mockery. 
 Here, however, we have the continuous steps of the ladder enabling us to mount from 
 the charity school to the highest place in Liverpool College. And what then .? 
 Then, I am proud to say, my old College at Oxford, Balliol, steps in to complete the 
 good work, both by offering Exliibitions for the purpose of making an University 
 course possible to those who distinguish themselves as Associates in Arts in Local 
 Examinations, and by proposing to give the advantage of College Classes and Tutors 
 to those who are desirous of avoiding College expenses by lodging in the town. 
 [The Balliol Exhibition referred to has since been won by a PupU of the Liverpool 
 College Upper School.] Thus is carried out not only the constitutional theory of 
 enabling the most worthy to rise, but the theory of good government (and the 
 
 A A 
 
3S+ so^rs and daughters. 
 
 education of tie people is in a manner the governing of the people), namely— 
 the greatest good of the greatest n.vTa\>e,x.— Speech of the Right Hon. Stephen, 
 Cave, M.P., at the College Prize Distribution, 1869. 
 
 Liverpool Institute. [Established 1825. President, Robert 
 Trimble. Object. — The Promotion of Useful Science and Learning. 
 For which purpose there are provided — a Library for Circulation, con- 
 taining about 10,000 volumes, to which a Reading-room is attached — 
 occasional Courses of Lectures, on Science, Literature, and Art — 
 a Gallery of Sculpture, Ancient and Modern — an Evening School, for 
 the Elementary as well as the] more advanced branches of Study — Day 
 Schools, in which Youths of both Sexes receive a liberal, comprehensive, 
 and thoroughly practical education — and Queen's College, established 
 to afford young men adequate opportunities for obtaining Collegiate 
 Instruction, and for acquiring University Degrees without residence out 
 of Liverpool. 
 
 Privileges of the Institute. — The use of the Reading-room and 
 Library, with free admission to the Sculpture Gallery. Members are 
 also entitled to certain reductions from the fees charged in the Day 
 Schools in favour of their sons, daughters, brothers, and sisters ; they 
 may also nominate Students to the Evening School at reduced fees. 
 Ladies subscribing los. 6d. a year have the use of the Reading-room 
 and Library ; and Daughters of Members, under eighteen years of age, 
 are entitled to these privileges on payment of Js. a year. Library and 
 Reading-room. — Non-Members have the use of the Library and Read- 
 ing-room for a payment of los. 6d. per annum. 
 
 The Schools are divided into High and Commercial ; there is also 
 a Government School of Art, a Girls' School, and an Evening School. 
 
 High School.— Head Master: Rev. J. Sephton, M.A. Affords a 
 Liberal Education, adapted to prepare Pupils for the Universities, the 
 Learned Professions, the Civil Service, and for Commerce. The Pupils 
 are received into the Preparatory Department at the age of six years 
 and upwards, or as soon as they can read words of two syllables. The 
 instruction, which is specially adapted for children of that age, is 
 imparted on the best principles of modem elementary education, and 
 includes Reading and Spelling, Object Lessons, Writing, Arithmetic, 
 the Elements of English Grammar, Geography, and Latin. Special 
 attention is always given to the formation of habits of order and 
 industry, in strengthening the sense of justice, and in cultivating feelings 
 of forbearance and generosity. The Pupils are advanced from this 
 Department to the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Lower-sixth, 
 and Upper-sixth Forms, in the course of which progress they pass 
 through all the requirements of a thoroughly Liberal Education. 
 Dinners are provided for the convenience of Pupils who reside at a 
 distance. 
 
 Prizes and Scholarships. — The Yates Exhibition to the University 
 of London is of the value of ;^ioo, contributed by James Yates, Esq., 
 M.A., F.R.S., &c. The Bolt Scholarship.— In January, 1862, Mrs. 
 Holt, the widow of the late George Holt, Esq., invested ;£'i,ooo to 
 found a Scholarship, which is to be awarded, when vacant, to the best 
 boy in the High School. This Scholarship is tenable for two or three 
 years, at any College connected with any of the English Universities ; 
 
LIVERPOOL INSTITUTE: 35 5 
 
 or the fund may be applied in other ways for the advantage in life of 
 the successful Pupil. Institute Scholarships, value 12 guineas per 
 annum, are given as rewards for eminent success inthe University Local 
 Examinations, and Prizes of Books are awarded yearly to the most 
 deserving Pupils. 
 
 Fees to the High School. — For Pupils under the age of Eleven, per quarter, 
 ^2 7s. 3d. ; for Pupils of and above the age of Eleven, £}, 3s. The sons and 
 brothers of members of the Institute are charged 2s. 6d. per quarter less than the 
 above Fees. These Fees include the use of Slates, Copy-books, Pens, Ink, and 
 materials for experiments for the Classes attending Chemistry. The books required 
 for the preparation of lessons must be provided by the friends of the Pupils. 
 
 Commercial School. — Designed to afford to Parents in moderate 
 circumstances the means of giving their sons, at the lowest possible rate 
 of expense, an education such as may qualify them not only for entering 
 into business as Tradesmen, Manufacturers, or Merchants, with a well- 
 founded assurance of future success, but for taking, with honour to 
 . themselves and advantage to their fellow-men, those places in society 
 which of right belong to the prudent, industrious, and well-educated 
 citizens. Pupils are received at six years of age, and, as in the High 
 School, pass from the Preparatory Department through a succession of 
 more advanced classes. 
 
 Prizes, &c. — Two Exhibitions to the High School, instituted by the 
 Directors, . are competed for annually in the Commercial School. 
 Institute Scholarships are given as rewards for eminent succes's in the 
 University Local Examinations, and Prizes of Books are awarded 
 yearly to the most deserving pupils. 
 
 Fees. — For Pupils under the age of Ten, i8s. gd. ; for Pupils of and above the 
 age of Ten, ;^i zs. 6d. per quarter. The sons and brothers of members of the 
 Institute are charged 2s. 6d. per quarter less than the above Fees. An extra 
 Fee of 7s. 6d. is charged for French or Latin, the learning of which is optional. 
 
 Girls' ScHOOL.-^Designed to afford to Parents the means of giving 
 their Daughters, at a moderate expense, a thoroughly liberal and com- 
 prehensive Education, such as may qualify them for discharging usefully 
 and creditably all those duties in society which usually devolve upon 
 well-instructed and accomplished females. Pupils are received at the 
 age of six years, and upwards, and attention is paid to their improve- 
 ment in manners and deportment. 
 
 The Course of Instruction embraces Reading and SpeUing; the 
 Meaning, History, and Derivation of Words; Grammar and Composition; 
 Geography and History, Ancient and Modern ; Writing, Arithmetic, 
 Needlework, Vocal Music, Drawing, the Elements of Natural Philosophy 
 and Chemistry. French, Dancing, Cahsthenic Exercises, and Instru- 
 mental Music are also taught, for extra fees, to such as desire instruction 
 in these branches. 
 
 Fees. — £1 8s. per quarter ; Daughters of Members, £\ 5s. 6d. Books, S!ates, 
 Writing and Drawing Books, &c., are supplied free of expense. Extra' Fees are 
 charged — InstiTimental Music (including the use of Piano Forte), ;^i lis. 6d. per 
 quarter if the Pupils are taught singly ; 17s. 6d. if two are taught together. French, 
 I2S. fid. ; Dancing, los. 6d. ; Calisthenic Exercises, 5s. 
 
 Government School of Art. — This Department comprises Day 
 Classes for Ladies, on Mondays and Thursdays, from twelve at noon 
 till half-past one ; and Evening classes, for Males, on Monday, Tuesday, 
 Thursday, and Friday evenings, from seven to nine. 
 
356 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Course of iNSTRUCxiON.-^Freehand Drawing from Copies; Orna- 
 ment and Figure, outline and shaded ; Elementar}- Compositions in 
 Colour ; Practical Geometry and Perspective ; Outline and Shading 
 Ornament and Figure from Casts ; Anatomical and Drapery Studies ; 
 Painting Landscape, Fruit, Flowers, &c., in Water Colour, Tempera, 
 and Oil, from Examples and from Nature; Elementary Design, as 
 applied to various branches of manufacture ; Modelling Ornament and 
 Figure from Casts or Drawings, and Flowers, Fruit, &c., from Nature. 
 Instruction is also given to Engineers, Builders, &c., in Mechanical and 
 Architectural Drawing. 
 
 Scholarships, Prizes, &c. — The Students are entitled to the advan- 
 tages offered by Government in all the Provincial Government Schools 
 of Art, and to compete for Medals, Books, Studentships, Scholarships, 
 and other Prizes. 
 
 Fees. — Ladies' Morning Classes, ;^i is, per quarter ; Evening Classes for Males, 
 6s. 6d. per quarter. 
 
 Dinners are provided at a moderate cjiarge for the convenience of Pupils of all 
 the Day Schools who reside at a distance. 
 
 Evening School. — Course of Instruction. — Spelling, Reading, 
 Writing, and the Rudiments of Geography, and Arithmetic, for back- 
 ward Boys or Adults ; English Grammar, Composition, History, 
 Geography, &c., for those more advanced ; Book-keeping, Arithmetic, 
 Algebra, Geometry, Mensuration, Trigonometry, Navigation, &c. 
 Seamen may attend the Classes as opportunity may afford, while they are 
 in port, forty attendances being equal to one quarter. 
 
 Fee. — 6s. 6d. per quarter. 
 
 Exhibitions, Prizes, &c. — Three Exhibitions to Queen's College, 
 and other Prizes, are competed for annually. Royal Exhibitions, Gold 
 and Silver Medals, Queen's Prizes, and Certificates, are awarded to 
 successful Students in the Science Examinations, by the Government 
 Science ^nd Art Department. Prizes of money. Books, and Certificates 
 are awarded to the successful Candidates in the Society of Arts' 
 Examinations. Pupils may also compete for the Prizes offered by the 
 Lancashire and Cheshire Union of Institutes. 
 
 Boarders are received by some of the Masters at from ;^30 to ^^45 inclusive. 
 
 Now, boys, you are going away for a holiday, and I hope you will take care to 
 enjoy it. I say take care, because, at your age, your amusements are about the only 
 things left in your own control, and they are of some consequence too. They often 
 show what a boy is made of. Tell me how he spends his time when he can do what 
 he likes with it, and I think I can guess what sort of a man he is likely to be. It is 
 well said that " all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." Perhaps it is equally 
 true that all play and no work makes Jack a very worthless boy. We must have 
 both, and do both well ; and it is quite certain that the better we work, the more we 
 enjoy our play. Amusement should make us more fit for work. It should refresh 
 us, and make us healthier and stronger. If it does so, it is good amusement ; if it 
 does not, it is no amusement — it is sin, in some sort, rely upon it. When a boy is 
 really and properly amusing himself, and doing no harm to any one else, he is quite 
 as well occupied as when he is at work ; and I am sure it gives quite as much plea- 
 sure to those who love him to see him so engaged, as to see him at his lessons. And 
 this is a view of the matter you should never forget. All your wants are provided for 
 hy your Parents, and they, or some who went lefore them, must have worked for and 
 saved all the money now spent upon you. And you have also their best and strongest 
 affection. There is not one of you who can go wrong, whether at work or at play, 
 without making some losing heart sad. We all of us hope much for our children, 
 even after we have ceased to hope anything for ourselves. When the world has 
 fallen all dull and dreary to us, we still fry to think it will be bright for them ; and 
 
QUEEN'S COLLEGE. 357 
 
 there is no grief so hard to bear as that which puts an end to such hope. All bad 
 conduct in our children goes that way. We like to think well of them. Perhaps we 
 often, think better of them than they deserve. But, however this may be, their success 
 is our success, their joys are our joys ; and when they show by their conduct that they 
 know this, and can act upon it, they more than pay us for all we can do for them. 
 You have most of you shown that you can work as boys should work ; now, try to 
 amuse yourselves as thoroughly and as well. — Speech of J. T. Danson, Esq., at an 
 Annual Examination. 
 
 I have a few words of warning and advice to address to those who are about to 
 leave us to commence their business in life. You must b^ prepared for many trials 
 and temptations in your working life. There will be those who will try to lead you 
 away from the paths of virtue and of truth. Try to avoid all such companions ; be 
 very careful whom you choose as your friends : a bad friend is to a young man an 
 incalculable injury, and a good friend as incalculable a blessing. And do not be too 
 much afraid of the ridicule of your companions. There are many young, yes, and old 
 men, too, who do what is wrong, or abstain from doing what is right, because they 
 are afraid of the sneers or banter of some vicious associates. There are many so- 
 called brave men — men who do not Sinch from danger, and who would face death on 
 the battle-iield, or on the stormy ocean, without shrinking — who are possessed by this 
 worst of all cowardice, this moral cowardice, and who often dare not, from very fear, 
 speak and act as they ought, if thereby they are to incur the ridicule of thOfee with 
 whom they have to do. Now, this excessive regard to the praise and the blame of 
 men is the besetting temptation of most of us ; and the antidote to it is the conviction 
 that there is a blame more to be shunned and feared than the blame of man, and 
 that there is a praise more valuable — infinitely more valuable — than the praise of 
 man. Well, then, do not mind a little ridicule ; fix your principles ; see only that 
 they be Christian principles, and then carry them out fearlessly, honestly, earnestly, 
 ' consistently, and after a little while you will not be ridiculed ; the bad of your asso- 
 ciates will see what kind of men you are, and they will leave you alone. But beware 
 of idleness ; shrink from anything mean, dishonest, or false ; be manly and straight- 
 forward in character, honest and upright in your dealings with others, truthful in all 
 you say, doing what you do with all your might, and you will do well and be 
 ' respected ; and if you do get sneers from a few worthless and foolish young men, you 
 will sooner or later get the praise of all whose praise is worth having ; and better still, 
 you will get the approbation of God. — Speech of Rev. J. Jones, formerly Head 
 Master. 
 
 Secretary, Charles Sharpk, Esq. 
 
 Queen's College, Liverpool. — Affiliated to the University 
 OF London, and subject to the Fundamental Laws that govern the 
 Liverpool Institute. Principal, Rev. John Sephton, M.A. Founded 
 in 1857 to afford to Young Men adequate opportunities for obtaining 
 Collegiate Instruction in Science and Literature at a moderate expense, 
 and to facilitate the acquirement by Students in Liverpool of University- 
 Degrees without residence elsewhere. For the latter object the College 
 is connected with the University of London by Royal Warrant, and 
 Examinations in connection with the University are held at the College. 
 There is no accommodation for Students to reside in the College. 
 
 Day Classes. — There are two Faculties, viz. : — I. Arts, comprising 
 instruction in Latin, Greek, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, English 
 History, Logic, Mental and Moral Philosophy, Political Economy, 
 Hebrew, French, German, Latin, and Drawing. II. Science, comprising 
 Experimental Physics, Chemistry, Botany, Zoology, Geology, and Applied 
 Mechanics and Engineering. 
 
 Faculty of Arts. — The instruction given in the Classes of the 
 Faculty qualify the Students for the Matriculation, Bachelor of Arts, and 
 other Examinations of the University of London ; for the Entrance and 
 Bachelor of Arts Examinations of the University of DubUn ; for entering 
 the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and for the competitive 
 
358 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Examinations for open Scholarships in those Universities \ for the com- 
 petitive Examinations for appointments in the Home Civil Service, the 
 Indian Civil Service, and the Indian Engineers' Establishment; for 
 admission to the Royal Military College at Sandhurst, the Royal Military 
 Academy at Woolwich, and for the Examinations for direct Commissions 
 in the Army ; for the preliminary Examinations, in general education, 
 of the Royal College of Physicians, the Royal College of Surgeons, the 
 Society of Apothecaries, and other Medical Boards ; and the Incorporated 
 Law Society. 
 
 Faculty of Science. — The instruction given will qualify Students 
 for the Bachelor of Science, and Prehminary Scientific Bachelor of 
 Medicine, Examinations of the University of London ; for the Bachelor 
 ■and Master of Engineering Examinations of the University of Edinburgh ; 
 for the Examinations of the Science Department of her Majesty's 
 Government ; for entering the Scientific Professions. 
 
 Exhibitions, Prizes, &c. — Six Exhibitions and Prizes of the Univer- 
 sity of London, of the value respectively of Sixty, Forty, Thirty, Ten, 
 Five, and Five Pounds, are awarded to successful Candidates under 
 Twenty Years of Age ; and as Matriculation Examinations are held 
 annually at Queen's College in June, other Prizes, of greater value, may 
 -be competed for at the subsequent Examinations of the University. 
 
 Evening Classes. — The Evening Classes are adapted for those who 
 are unable to attend in the daytime. All persons are admissible as 
 Students, without previous examination, and without any restriction as to 
 age. The Junior Classes are adapted for those who have had little or 
 no instruction in the subjects taught therein. 
 
 Scholarships, Prizes, &c. — Exhibitions to the Evening Classes are 
 open for competition in the Evening School of the Liverpool Institute. 
 Of these the Canning Prize, value Ten Pounds, was instituted in 1844, 
 in memory of the late Right Hon. George Canning. Students under 
 Twenty-six Years of Age will be eligible to compete for the Whitworth 
 Scholarships, ten of which, of the value oi jQioo a year each for two or 
 three years, were competed for in May, 1871. 
 
 Residence of Students. — There is no accommodation for Students 
 to reside in the College, but soriie of the Officers and others receive 
 . Students as Boarders. For information apply to the Secretary. 
 
 Students desiring tutorial assistance out of Class hours may obtain 
 information with reference thereto of the Secretary. 
 
 Fees. — Sessional Fee for the Coufse required for the Matriculation Examination 
 of the University of London, £20. Fees for Special Day or Evening Classes may be 
 ascertained from the Secretary. 
 
 In a community like our own, where commerce is the main business of life, and 
 offers the attraction of riches, there are comparatively few, except amongst the 
 wealthy and the sons of professional men, who would choose a professional career ; 
 and so it is that the number of Students, who come simply to further themselves in the 
 professions is small. The great body of our Students are of a different class. The 
 majority consists of young men, who, mixing with educated society, are inspired with 
 a longing to be themselves educated ; who have the .ambition to rise to any intel- 
 lectual level which they see around them ; and who are dissatisfied that their brothers 
 or their cousins, who have been at the Universities, or have had othftr means of study, 
 should surpass them in acquired knowledge : of young men who find that the highest 
 branches of their daily business require a fuller knowledge of Language or of Natural 
 Philosophy than they themselves possess ; of young men who, looking on the world 
 around them, see that ignorance is closely accompanied by vice, and that too in the 
 ■ hiiddle as well as in the lower classes ; of yoongmen who are burning with intense 
 
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING. J59 
 
 thirst for knowledge, and whose thirst, whatever be its cause, leaves them no rest 
 unless they make some attempt at satisfying it. These are the classes of young men 
 whom we like to see coming in increasing numbers every year; young men who 
 would spend in self-improvement the evenings that would otherwise be devoted to 
 cards or the billiard-room, or to some source of enjoyment questionable in its moralitj'. 
 And they must increase in number here and in other large towns, if England is not 
 to possess an uneducated Middle C\3Si.-^Speech of the Rev. J. Sephton, Jf.A., 
 Princij^al. 
 
 Secretary, Charles Sharpe, Esq., the College, Mount Street. 
 
 School of Engineering. — In connection with Queen's Col- 
 lege, Liverpool. — The Course of Instruction in this Department is 
 approved by the Secretary of State for India in Council, as one in which 
 attendance for two years will qualify a Student, who has passed one 
 year in practice with a Civil, Mechanical, or Mining Engineer, to com- 
 pete for admission to the Engineer Establi.shment in India. 
 
 The Course also enables the Student to quaUfy for Degrees of Bachelor 
 and Doctor of Science in Engineering of the University of Edinburgh, 
 and for the Whitworth Scholarships. A Certificate of Proficiency in 
 Engineering Science — the details of which are not yet arranged — will be 
 given to Students who attend the Lectures on Engineering, and pass an 
 Examination in some of the under-mentioned subjects : — Civil Engineer- 
 ing and Mechanics, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Inorganic 
 Chemistry, Practical Chemistry, Experimental Physics, including Acous-- 
 tics. Light, Heat, Magnetism, and Electricity ; Geology, Drawing, 
 including Freehand, Mechanical, and Geometrical. The Class in Engi- 
 neering is a Day Class. The Council, however, are prepared to esta- 
 blish an Evening Class if a sufficient number of Students present them- 
 selves. Day Classes are also held in Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, 
 and Chemistry. Students are at liberty to join any one or more of the 
 Classes of their own selection. They may also enter Classes in other 
 subjects taught in the College. Examinations for the Whitworth Scholar- 
 ships will be held in May, 1872, and thereafter annually in the month 
 of May. 
 
 Lectures on Civil Engineering and Mechanics. — The Course, 
 which extends from October to June, is intended to provide a means by 
 which the Student may receive such instruction in the principles which 
 form the fundamental laws of all branches of Engineering as, combined 
 Avith the practical knowledge gained in the drawing office, workshop, or 
 field, will enable him to undertake the original design of Structures and 
 Machines, with confidence that he can obtain the required end in a 
 truly scientific manner, and with the least possible expenditure of labour 
 and material. 
 
 STRUCTURES. 
 Stability. — The Balance, Composition, and Resolution of Forces, with other static 
 principles necessary in Engineering works of every description, exemplified in 
 practice by the Equilibrium of Framed Structures — Suspensioii Bridges, &c. — in 
 the Stability of Embankments and Retaining "Walls, and in Piers, Towers, 
 Arches, &c. 
 Strength. — Stress and Strain defined. 
 
 Tearing Stress. — Strength of all pieces subject to a Tensile Stress, such as 
 Tie Rods, Links of Suspension Bridges, Boiler Shells, Cylinders, &c. 
 
 Crushing Stress. — Resistance to Direct Compression — Strength of Short 
 Pillars, Piers, Arches, &c. 
 
 Bending Stress. — Simple Beams supported and loaded in every variety of 
 manner. . . 
 
36o SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Shearing Stress.— Strength of Rivets, Webs of Girders, &c. 
 
 Twisting 5<rejj.— Resistance to Torsion, as in Axles, &c. 
 
 Crushing and Bending Strength combined.— Strength of Boiler Flues, 
 Struts, and all pieces in which the length is a considerable multiple of the 
 thickness, when subject to compression. 
 
 Combined Stresses.— Strengia. of Roof Principals— of Tubular, Lattice, and 
 other Compound Girders. 
 
 MACHINES. 
 
 Pure Mechanism. — The Transmission of Motion by Rolling Contact, as in Friction 
 "Wheels — By Sliding Contact, as in Toothed Wheels, Cams, &c. — By Wrapping 
 Connectors, as in Belts, Bands, and Chains — By Link Work, as in Cranks, 
 Eccentrics, Ratchets, &c. 
 Energy and Work. — Principles of Statics as applied fo Machines. — Mechanical 
 Powers, &c. — Diagrams of Energy and Work obtained by Dynamometers— Use- 
 ful and Wasteful Work of Machines — Friction. 
 
 Principles of Dynamics as applied to Machines. — Accelerated and Retarded 
 Motion — ^Impulse and Momentum — Moment of Inertia — Its use in the Fly- 
 wheel, &c. — Deviating Motion, as in the Centrifugal Governor — Centrifugal 
 Forces in general — Balancing them in Machines. 
 Prime Movers, — ^ Water Power — Wind Power — ^Animal Power — Steam Power (see 
 Heat). 
 
 HEAT. 
 
 Temperature. — Specific Heat — Latent Heat — Expansion of Solids, Liquids, and 
 Gases — Conduction — Radiation and Convection of Heat. 
 
 Sources of Heat. — Combustion of Fuel — Total and Available Heat — 
 Efficiency of Furnaces and Boilers, with special reference to the economical 
 prevention of smoke. 
 Steam Engines. — Their variety and efficiency. 
 
 HYDROSTATICS AND. HYDRODYNAMICS. 
 Friction of Fluids — Flow of Water through Pipes and Channels — Contracted Vein — 
 Specific Gravity, &c. 
 
 Many branches of Civil Engineering proper, such as Water Supply, 
 Viaducts, Effects of Gradients, Tunnels and Sewers, which do not fall 
 strictly under any of the foregoing heads, will be considered at intervals. 
 
 Fees for Civil Engineering and Mechanics. — Per Term, £\ i is. 6d. ; per 
 Session, £i 3s. 
 
 HINTS TO ENGINEERING AND OTHER SCIENCE STUDENTS. 
 
 Never neglect the opportunity of seeing works which are being carried on in your 
 neighbourhood. Watch workmen, whenever you have the opportunity, so as to be 
 able to account for any method you see generally adopted. Visit manufactories, try 
 to make out the action of every part of an engine, a machine ; observe the forms of 
 tools, ask yourselves why such a form is advantageous, examine the mechanical action 
 of each. In all hand tools there is much information to be gained in this way. The 
 same is true of all common mechanical contrivances ; the fastening of a window, a 
 common lock, the way in which the end of its bolt is made, the roller blind, the hinges 
 of a door, the cranks of bell wires, are all at hand to be carefully studied, and afford- 
 ing examples of the application of mechanical principles, very often of a refined kind, 
 of which those who daily use them do not think 
 
 An acquaintance with results only, without a thorough knowledge of the way in 
 which they are attained, is a very shallow one, and not useful in the way in which it 
 ought- to be mainly useful. Many men who are employed all their lives in the 
 mechanical arts, who are intelligent and thoughtful, see what they imagine would be 
 improvements. The machines which they use, and which they can put into order 
 when any part goes wrong, become familiar to them in every part, and they think this 
 part could be altered, or that part might be removed — and, no doubt, frequently they 
 are right ; and many ingenious improvements originate in the busy and shrewd brains 
 of the mechanic and artisan. But often too tliey are wrong. Consequences follow 
 from their proposed alterations which they had not foreseen. Before the machine has 
 come under their control it has been the subject of many days and nights of anxious 
 thought on the part of the designer and machine maker, and he has had objects in 
 
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING. 361 
 
 view which they may have missed, so that they want to be sure of the soundness of 
 their conclusions, to be well acquainted with principles ; not only results, but the 
 principles out of which these results have been drawn, ought to be known. A man to 
 be sure of his object must be able to reason, to calculate, to foresee. 
 
 " Invention is the talent of rapidly calling before us the many possibilities, and 
 selecting the appropriate one." 
 
 An inventor must be able to tell what are possibilities, so as to bring his ideas to a 
 rigid examination, and have the courage, if they do not stand the test, to discard them. 
 All this requires a full and clear comprehension, an exact mode of reasoning, a deter- 
 mination to take nothing for granted for which a clear reason cannot be assigned. — 
 Lecture by the Rev. B. CowiE, M.A. 
 
 I would advise you to get a knowledge of facts from actual observation. Facts 
 looked at directly are vital ; when they pass into words half the sap is taken out of 
 them. You wish, for example, to get a knowledge of magnetism ; well, provide 
 yourself with a good book on the subject, if you can, but do not be content with what 
 the book tells you ; do not be satisfied with its descriptive woodcuts ; see the actual 
 thing yourself. Half of our book vmters describe experiments which they never made, 
 and their descriptions often lack both force and truth ; but no matter how clever or 
 conscientious they may be, their written words cannot supply the place of actual 
 observation. Every fact has numerous radiations, which are shorn off by the man 
 who describes it. Go, then, to a philosophical instrument maker, and give, according 
 to your means, for a straight bar-magnet, say, half-a-crown, or five shillings for a pair 
 of them, if you can afford it ; or get a smith to cut a length of ten inches from a bar of 
 steel an inch wide and half an inch thick ; file its ends decently, harden it, and get 
 somebody acquainted with the process to magnetise it. Two bar-magnets are better 
 than one. Procure some darning needles. Provide yourself also with a little unspun 
 silk ; this will give you a suspending fibre void of torsion ; make a little loop of paper 
 or of wire, and attach your fibre to it. In the loop place your darning needle, and 
 bring the two ends or poles, as they are called, of your magnet successively up to 
 either end of the needle. Both the poles, you find, attract both ends of the needle. 
 Replace the needle by a bit of annealed iron wire, the same effects ensue. Suspend 
 successively little rods of lead, copper, silver, or brass, of wood, glass, ivory, or whale- 
 bone ; the magnet produces no sensible effect upon any of these substances. You 
 thence infer a special property in the case of steel and iron. Multiply your experi- 
 ments, however, and you will find that some other substances beside iron are acted 
 upon by your magnet. A rod of the metal nickel, or of the metal cobalt from which 
 the blue colour used by painters is derived, exhibits powers similar to those observed 
 with the iron and steel. 
 
 In studying the character of the force you may, however, confine yourself to iron 
 and steel, which are always at hand. Make your experiments with the darning needle 
 over and over again ; operate on both ends of the needle ; try both ends of the magnet. 
 Do not think the work stupid ; you are conversing with Nature, and must acquire 
 a certain grace and mastery over her language ; and these practice can alone impart. 
 Let every movement be made with care, and avoid slovenliness from the outset. In 
 every one of your experiments endeavour to feel the responsibility of a moral agent. 
 Experiment, as I have said, is the language by which we address Nature, and through 
 which she sends her replies ; and in the use of this language a lack of straightforward- 
 ness is as possible and prejudicial as in the spoken languages of the tongue. If you 
 wish to become acquainted with the truth of Nature you must from the first resolve to 
 deal with her sincerely 
 
 In this thorough manner we must master our materials, reason upon them, and, by 
 determined study, attain to clearness of perception. Facts thus dealt with exercise an 
 expansive force upon the boundaries of thought ; — they widen the mind to generalisa- 
 tion. We soon recognise a brotherhood between the larger p)ienomena of Nature anil 
 the minute effects which we have observed in our private chambers. As your studies 
 advance, you will remark Nature makes no difference between her smallest and her 
 largest phenomena ; in the land of law, the linlcs forged from the former are just as 
 strong as those formed from the latter. The laws of molecular attraction are as per- 
 fectly illustrated by the curvature of a dew-drop as by the rounding of a moon. It 
 would take the same exercise of power to dissolve the connection of the faintest cloud, 
 or the lightest shower of rain, with its antecedents and consequents, as to abolish the 
 force which holds the material universe together. — Lecture by Professor Tykdall, 
 F.R.S. 
 
 Secretary, C. Sharpe, Esq. 
 
362 .SOiKS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Liverpool Royal Institution School.— Established 1819. 
 Under the Direction of the Committee of the Liverpool Royal In- 
 stitution. — Three Scholarships are attached to the School, tenable at 
 either Oxford or Cambridge. Candidates are prepared for the Indian Civil 
 Service (in which various past Pupils of the School have greatly distin- 
 guished themselves) and for the Army and other Competitive Kxamina- 
 tions. The study of the French and German Languages is compulsory 
 upon all who attend the School, and Spanish or Italian is optional 
 without extra charge. Two Courses of Lectures on Scientific Subjects 
 are annually delivered to the Pupils at a small extra charge. Lectures 
 to Private Classes are delivered on Chemistry, Pharmacy, &c., in the 
 Laboratory of the Royal Institution. A Gymnasium has been opened, 
 in which the Pupils are regularly exercised. The Directors of Railways 
 communicating with Liverpool allow Pupils to travel to and from School 
 at reduced fares. 
 
 Feks.^ — Entrance, 2 gs. ; Day Pupils, 25 gs. per annum ; Day Boarders, 14 gs. per 
 annum ; Boarders in the houses of tlie Head and Assistant Masters, from 60 gs. to 
 105 gs. Drawing, 6 gs. per annum. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. D. W. Turner, D.C.L. 
 
 "Wellington College, for Sons of Officers of the Army, 
 Wokingham, Berkshire. Visitor, Her Majesty the Queen. Head 
 Master, Rev. E. W. Benson, D.D. Objects. — Founded by public 
 subscription, in honour of the late Duke of Wellington, for the Educa- 
 tion of Sons of deceased Officers of her Majesty's Army, or of the 
 H. E. I. C. Non-Foundationers are received, and eligible to the 
 Scholarships. No distinction between Foundationers and Non-Founda- 
 tioners. None but the Sons of Officers who, within five years of their 
 death, had been either on full or half-pay are eligible on the Foundation. 
 No boy can be admitted on the Foundation under the age of eleven, nor 
 above thirteen ; nor be allowed to remain after reaching fourteen, unless 
 he has shown certain proficiency, stated in the Rules. Foundationers 
 are elected after Examination by the Governors. Four Boys are also 
 elected annually by competition ; two under twelve, and two under 
 thirteen. Non-Foundationers cannot' ordinarily be admitted above the 
 age of fifteen, unless capable of being placed in the upper half of the 
 Middle School, nor remain in the Lower School after the age oi fourteen. 
 The religious worship and teaching are according to the doctrine and 
 principles of the Church of England, but attendance on such worship or 
 teaching will not be required of Boys whose Guardians may object on 
 the grounds of religious dissent. 
 
 Course of iNSTRUCTiON.^The education is not limited to any spe- 
 cial or professional purpose, but is classical and general, upon the 
 Public School system, with the introduction of modern elements as 
 regular (and not as extra) .portions of the school-work. The subjects 
 taught are arranged as follows : — For all — Classics — (including History, 
 &c.). Mathematics, and French. In Upper part of Middle School and 
 in Upper School, German in addition to, or, if desired, in lieu of French. 
 Drawing (optional, except for Modern School) and Singing. In Middle 
 and Upper Schools Chemistry may be learnt. In Upper School (at 
 least for Boys intended for the University) it is generally desirable thiat 
 if they continue both German and French, it should be in alternate 
 
EPSOM COLLEGE. 3^3 
 
 terms. They ought by that time to be fairly advanced in French. In 
 the Modem Department Latin Verse composition and Greek are dis- 
 continued, or the amount of them diminished, in order that more time 
 may be devoted to Mathematics, Modern Languages, Modem History, 
 or Science. Future Candidates for Woolwich, &c., may enter this De- 
 partment on reaching the middle of the Middle School, or, if doing well 
 in Classics, should enter it at a higher place in the School. 
 
 Scholarships. — There are eight Open Scholarships of the value of 
 ;£^S5 a year each, tenable in the College for four years, two of which are 
 annually examined for in September ; these are open to all comers, 
 withottt restriction as to paretitage, being under fourteen years of age on. 
 the ist of September. Wellesley Scholarships (open only to Members 
 of the School), tenable at the School, apart from, or in addition to, any 
 of the above, and open to all members of the School, without restriction, 
 are — Four Junior Scholarships of jQio a year each, tenable for two years 
 in the College, two to be competed for annually in February by Boys 
 under sixteen years of age on the ist of February. Three of ^£50 a 
 yeai: each, tenable for three years from the date of election, either in the 
 College or at the University, and two Exhibitions of £,2)° ^ Y^^- The 
 Earl of Derby's Gift of ^£54, to be paid to such one of the Foundationers, 
 above sixteen years of age, being then about to leave, or who during the 
 preceding eleven months had left the College, as should during his 
 residence have been most distinguished for industry and general good 
 conduct. 
 
 Fees. — The charge for a Boy on the Foundation is j£$, ;f lo, or ;^is a year, 
 as may be determined by the Governors, with reference to the circumstances of the 
 family. For Non-Foundationers, £1 10 per annum ; or ;^8o per annum, if Sons 
 of Officers of the Army, and who within five years, &c. These charges include 
 Board and all branches of Education, Stationery used in School, Medical Attendance, 
 and Washing. Each Boy has a private room, with bed, &c. There are separate 
 Boarding Houses for Pupils, at ;^I30 per annum ; and a Private School at which 
 Pupils are prepared for the College, at from ;f 75 to _^8s per annum, under the sanction 
 of the Governors of the College. 
 
 Applications for Admission. — Applications for admission of Non- 
 Foundationers are to be addressed to the Head Master, Wellington 
 College, near Wokingham, Berks. All applications for admission on 
 the Foundation are to be addressed to the Secretary to the College, 
 Treasury, Whitehall, London, S.W., from whom particulars and forms 
 may be obtained. 
 
 £jpsoiii College. — Chiefly designed for the education of the Sons 
 of Medical Men, for whom the privilege of residence is ordinarily 
 reserved ; but Sons of persons not of the Medical Profession are re- 
 ceived as Day Pupils. For the admission of Resident Pupils applica- 
 tion must be made to the Secretary, at the Office, 37, Soho Square, Lon- 
 don, W. ; for Day Pupils, either to the Secretary, or to the Head 
 Master, at the College. Boys will not be admitted under eight years of 
 age, nor over fifteen ; and no boy can remain after the end of the term 
 in which he completes his seventeenth year, except on the recommendation 
 of the Head Master and the Educational Committee. Each boy will be 
 examined on entering school, and placed according to the result of the 
 Examination ; or, if he fail to meet the following requirements, he will 
 be rejected. A boy under twelve years of age must spell correctly, 
 
364 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 write moderately well, and show a fair acquaintance with the rudiments 
 of an English education. A boy above that age must also know some- 
 thing of Latin and French. Boys who fail to pass the required Examina- 
 tion may either be sent back to their friends, or to the Preparatory 
 School (Clayton House, Epsom). The fees and regulations of this 
 School are similar to those of the College. 
 
 Subjects of Study. — In six regular Forms boys are trained for the 
 Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. They are taught English, _ 
 French, Latin, Greek, German, Arithmetic and Mathematics, Drawing, . 
 and, if their friends desire it, Chemistry and Natural Philosophy. There 
 are, besides these, three special Forms, one to prepare boys for business, 
 one for the Preliminary Examination of the College of Surgeoris, and 
 one for Matriculation at the University of London. Examinations 
 of the Boys take place each Term, and Prizes are rewarded for 
 proficiency. 
 
 There is a Library, and a Museum is in course of formation; a 
 Play-room and Ground, and a Cricket-field. There are three Terms. 
 
 Fees. — Pupils who reside in the College pay £\^ per term (^^45 a year) for educa- 
 tion, board, lodging, and washing, inclusive of the use of books and school materials. 
 Chemistry and Natural Philosophy, Dancing, and Instrumental Music are extra. Day 
 Pupils pay £s, per term if sons of medical men, and ;^S per term if not sons of medical 
 men, for education, inclusive of the use of books and school materials. They can 
 dine in the College Hall on payment of 55. per week. Each Pupil, whether Resident 
 or Day, pays an entrance fee oi £2 zs. and (after his first year) a fee of 7s. a term, to 
 the Exhibition and Scholarship Fund. Boarders who attend as "Day Scholars are 
 received by some of the Masters. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. W. De Lancy West, D.D. 
 
 Albert Middle-Class College, Framlingham, Suffolk. Pre- 
 sident, the Earl of Stradbroke, Lord Lieutenant. Founded in r864 
 as a Memorial to the late Prince Consort. Incorporated by Royal 
 Charter. The object of the Founders is to provide for the Middle 
 Classes, at a moderate cost, a practical training which shall prepare the 
 Pupils for the active duties of Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Com- 
 mercial life. The Course of Instruction is thus arranged : — I. Religious 
 instruction in accordance with the doctrines and practice of the Church 
 of England. But special exemption from distinctive Church of England 
 teaching, and from Sunday attendance at the parish church or chapel, is 
 granted to sons of Dissenters upon application to the Head Master. 
 2. The elements of English, viz., Reading, Spelling, Arithmetic, Writing, 
 Grammar and Composition, History, Geography. II. Any or all of the 
 following subjects, according to the wishes of parents, &c. : — Latin, 
 French, German, Mathematics, Surveying, and Book-keeping ; Elements 
 of the Natural Sciences, Agricultural Chemistry, Geometrical Engineering, 
 Model and Architectural Drawing. Extra subjects : — Greek, Drawing, 
 Pianoforte, each 21s. per Term. 
 
 Fees. — ^Including Board, Tuition, Washing, Medicine, Attendance, Stationery, 
 and School Books, &c. : — 
 
 For Suffolk Boys. 
 
 THREE TERMS IN THE YEAR. 
 
 Under Twelve Years of Age £,2-, per Year. £<) per Term. 
 
 Above Twelve 30 ,, 10 „ 
 
 When two brothers are at School together, 
 
 the younger, if above Twelve Years of Age 27 ,, 9 ,, 
 
ALBERT MIDDLE-CLASS COLLEGE. 365 
 
 If under Twelve Years of Age ;f 24 per Year. ;f8 per Term. 
 
 Boys nominated by Pembroke College, Cam- 
 bridge, for Board only 18 ,, 6 „ 
 
 For Out-County Boys. 
 
 Under Twelve Years of Age ;^33 per Year, ^l l per Term. 
 
 Above Twelve 36 „ 12 ,, 
 
 When two brothers are at School together, the 
 
 younger, if above Twelve Years of Age .33 „ 11 
 
 If under Twelve Years of Age 30 „ 10 „ 
 
 No boy is admitted under Nine years of age, nor above Sixteen, except by 
 special arrangement. 
 
 Examinations. — The College is a Centre for the Cambridge Local 
 Examinations, and has attained to high distinction. It has gained 
 82 Certificates in four Examinations, viz., 18 Senior and 64 Junior ; and 
 has had its boys distinguished for Religious Knowledge, English subjects, 
 French, German, and Drawing. In the latter it has gained special com- 
 mendation, two of its boys standing ist and 2nd in order of merit out of 
 427 Candidates. Prizes for Efficiency in Learning, and for Athletic 
 Sports. 
 
 It appears to me that the only wise, the only truly liberal, and the only practicable 
 course, is that which we pursue at this College — to offer a sound distinctive education 
 according to the principles of the Church of England, but allow those parents who 
 object, to withdraw their boys from such instruction. I think it is not a bad prepara- 
 tion for after-life that boys should be brought in different ways to mix together in 
 school. If they have played together, and formed friendships together, it will tend 
 to remove what is a great evil of so-called religious bigotry — that is, an indisposition 
 to look with a friendly eye upon those who differ from us. As to the social and 
 intellectual aspect of the education given at this College, I hold that boys educate 
 one another nearly as much as they are educated by their masters ; and I also hold 
 that the boys educate their masters nearly as much as masters educate the boys. It 
 appears to me to be a great mistake, when parents are looking out for a school to 
 wnich to send their boys, to think that the only thing that signifies is — by what master 
 they will be taught, what vrill be the books they will learn from, and the subjects they 
 will study ; an equally important consideration is — what kind of boys they will come 
 in contact with at the school. We know in common life the immense influence of 
 public opinion. I suppose there is nobody who has not been greatly influenced by 
 the honest and sound opinion of the public. Boys are exactly the same. Take a boy 
 and put him into a school where there is a high tone of honour, truthfulness, manli- 
 ness, and good feeling, where everything that is mean and base and sneaking is 
 scouted : he must be a bad boy and strong in his badness if he resists the influence of 
 
 the public opinion of a good school Another point I venture to lay 
 
 down is, that the boys educate their masters. Do you think it can be the same thing 
 for a master to sit in a dark ^ack room with half-a-dozen stupid boys with no life 
 and no energy, as it is to be master of some two hundred or three hundred boys full 
 of intellect and energy ? Such a school as the.latter has great influence upon a master, 
 and he takes an interest in the boys which the other cannot do. In a large school of 
 this kind a master learns a good deal of life and of human nature from his spirited 
 and warm-hearted boys, and he goes to his work not half asleep — he goes to his 
 work full of life and energy, and so you see the masters and the boys react one upon 
 another. That applies to all large schools, and I have a strong opinion of the value 
 of such schools, especially when you think of the particular condition of our own 
 agricultural county, where there are no stirring manufacturing towns, and where boys 
 must live in retired parishes where there is so little going on. It is important that 
 such boys at the age of six or seven years should be brought together in numbers, and 
 those who have had anything to do with education Icnow the difference between the 
 town boy and the country boy. The town boy is constantly coming in contact with 
 men of business, men who are active and stirring, and he gets a natural quickness 
 and sharpness of apprehension. The poor country boy, who perhaps never sees any- 
 thing but a, solitary plough-boy, either whistling or standing on a gate for amuse- 
 ment, and nothing faster than the muck-cart going along the muddy lailes, iff he 
 
366 SOJfS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 has nothing to counteract that, he grows nearly as heavy as the old cart-horse 
 itself. — Speech of the Venerable LORD ARTHUR Hervey, Governor of the School. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. A. C. DAymond, Framlingham, Suffolk. 
 
 Somerset College, Bath. — Visitor, the Very Rev. the Dean of 
 Norwich, D.D. Founded 1858, to provide a Course of Education 
 similar to that of the best Public Schools, but with more attention to 
 Individual Students than the large forms of those Schools render pos- 
 sible. Whilst both Classics and Mathematics are thoroughly taught- in 
 preparation for the Universities, and the Woolwich and other Examina- 
 tions, very considerable attention is paid to History and -Geography, 
 and to French ; a class for Natural Science has been established, and 
 a Laboratory provided ; and every effort is made to instruct the Pupils 
 in the Holy Scriptures, and to render that instruction practical. The 
 Pupils have the use of a gravelled Play-ground, a covered Fives Court 
 and Gymnasium, and a Cricket and Foot-ball Field of several acres. 
 The Quarter Days are" April 15, Midsummer Day, October 20, and 
 Christmas Day. 
 
 The efficiency of the Special Preparations for Competitive Examina^ 
 tions may be evidenced by the fact that since 1861 twenty-five Pupils 
 have left the College for Oxford, Cambridge, or Woolwich ; and, iu 
 addition to College Prizes and Third Classes, have attained the following 
 Honours : Twelve Open Scholarships ; One Fellowship; Three University 
 Prizes ; Seven First Classes ; Twelve Second Classes ; Fourth and Seventh 
 Places, Woolwich ; First Commission Royal Engineers ; Pollock Medal ; 
 and Regulation Sword. Only thirteen of these twenty-five Pupils have 
 completed their career ; therefore the number of Distinctions may be 
 eonsiderably increased. 
 
 Fees. — Day Pupils under eleven years of age, ;^I2 12s. per annum ; betvfeen eleven 
 and sixteen, ;f 15 15s. ; above sixteen, ;^i8 i8s. ; optional, French, German, Drawing, 
 and Physical Science, at Fees from £}, 3s. to ^f 5 ss. Boarders are received by some 
 of the Masters upon payment of from ;^50 to ;^8o per annum, in addition to the 
 College Tuition Fees. Special Private Instruction may be obtained, in addition to the 
 College Course, upon the payment of Extra Fees. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. Hay S. Escoit, M.A. 
 
 Bath College. — Visitor, the Right Rev. Lord Bishop of Bath 
 and Wells. The College is a Proprietary Institution, designed to 
 provide for the Sons of the Nobility, Clergy, and Gentry; a sound 
 Classical, Mathematical, and General Education, in strict conformity 
 with the principles of the Church of England. The Profits of the 
 College are devoted to the advancement and interest of the Pupils. 
 
 The Course of Instruction, while it is adapted to the standard 
 of Classical and Mathematical attainments required at the Universities, 
 is such as to secure the complete preparation of Candidates for entrance 
 into Woolwich and Sandhurst, and for Marine and Naval Cadetships, 
 The College also is recognised by the Secretary of State for India in 
 Council as possessing an efficient Class for Civil Engineering. 
 
 A Public Examination is held before the Summer Vacation. An 
 Exhibition of £,^0 is awarded at this Examination to that Pupil pro- 
 ceeding to the University of Oxford, Carnbridge, or Dublin, who shall 
 be pronounced by the Public Examiners to have shown sufficient 
 
BRIGHTON COLLEGE. 367 
 
 proficiency in His studies. A Scholarship of ^£20 a year, with a free 
 nomination, is also offered at this Examination. This Scholarship is 
 open to all, whether Pupils of the School, or others eligible to become 
 Pupils, whose age on the ist July shall not exceed fifteen years, and may. 
 be held for four years, or for such time not exceeding four years as the 
 Scholar may be a Pupil of the College. 
 
 A Sanatorium has been established, in which provision is made for 
 the immediate reception of Patients, in the event of Pupils being attacked 
 by infectious disease ; under which circumstances they receive Medical 
 care, and every comfort and attention. 
 
 " The highest and most useful office of education is certainly to train and discipline ; 
 but it is not the only office." Education fairly includes imparting suth knowledge as 
 will be useful for the several professions of practical life. These two offices may, at 
 all events with considerable success, be discharged by one and the same institution. 
 The school, therefore, that attempts such a combination, besides the general moral 
 and intellectual tiaining, which forms its most important duty, must, in the present 
 day, make its course of instruction sufficiently elastic to secure for its pupils admission 
 to the Universities and to University prizes and distinctions, to prepare them efficiently 
 for the respective Examinations of the Public Service, CiWl and Military, at home and 
 in India, and also to meet the case of that large class of boys who are destined for 
 early professional life. The Bath College endeavours to attain these objects. The 
 members of the Junior Classes, without exception, pass through the same general 
 course of instruction. In the Upper Classes a deviation from the usual plan of studies 
 is allowed ; certain portions may be discontinued in order to enable boys, who have 
 special reasons for doing so, to pursue other portions further than the ordinary course 
 permits ; e.g., boys who are preparing for an Examination at the University may give 
 up a part or the whole of their modern subjects ; while tliose, whose future destination 
 requires it, may be released from some or tlie whole of their classical work. The 
 system admits of various modifications, and must often be supplemented by private 
 tuition, which is given by the College Staff. 
 
 Fees. — Pupils under eleven years of age, £\o los. per annum ; between the ages of 
 eleven and sixteen, £1/^ 14s. ; Seniors, ^^18 l8s. Pupils admitted by Council, not 
 being nominated by Proprietors, £z 2s. per aimum, in addition to the above terms. 
 Extra Subjects : French, German, Geometrical Drawing, Freehand Drawing, and 
 Natural Science, £■}, 3s. each per annum. Boarders are received at the College, 
 under sanction of the Council, at-from ;^3S to £afi per annum, exclusive of tuition. 
 The Vice-Principal receives into his house a few Boardera at higher terms, for special 
 preparation, and has a Class at the College in the evening, with a view of giving extra 
 Instruction to those Pupils who are preparing for the Military, Naval, and CivU Exa- 
 minations. For the convenience also of Parents who desire to avail themselves of the 
 opportunity, Day PupUs are received at the College, from Seven until Half-past Eight 
 in the Evening, so that they may have the same supervision in their lessons as the 
 Eo.irders {£1. i'. a term extra). 
 
 Principal, Rev. W. R. Smith, M.A. 
 
 Brighton College. — Conducted upon the general principle that 
 the basis of good Education should be the same, whether its object be 
 to prepare for the Universities, the Learned Professions, the Pubhc 
 Services, or the higher class of Mercantile or Industrial Employments. 
 Special training is provided for particular pursuits. The principle 
 adopted in the discipHne is to give such liberty as may form manliness 
 of character and habits of self-control, without exposing boys prematiirely 
 and unnecessarily to evil. 
 
 Examinations and Prizes. — There are Examinations twice every 
 Term. Prizes are distributed twice in the year, viz., after the Midsummer 
 and" Christmas Examinations. An Exliibition of the value of ;^'9o is 
 open for competition every year to Candidates proceeding to Oxford or 
 Cambridge, who have been Students for three years in the College. 
 
368 SOJfS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Thomas Attree, Esq., of the Park, Brighton, in his lifetime, gave a 
 house to the College to endow a Scholarship, to be called " The Wakeford 
 Attree Scholarship" in memory of his son, the late William Wakeford 
 Attree, Esq., Recorder of Hastings, and one of the Members of the 
 Council of the College. Its value is J^bo'z. year, and tenable for two 
 years at the University of Cambridge. 
 
 Course of Instruction. — The Curriculum embraces a full Collegiate 
 Course. The following are special features : — The religious instruction 
 is according to the ordinances of the Church. Extra instruction is given 
 by the Principal to Students requiring special preparation for either 
 Oxford or Cambridge. Students who are not intended to proceed to 
 the Universities may be exempted from such studies as in fheir case 
 may be unnecessary ; and additional instruction in subjects suited to their 
 future professions will be given. The Students are divided into Mathe- 
 matical Classes, not necessarily coinciding with the Classical. They 
 may therefore have the full advantage of Mathematical Instruction, 
 whatever their position in Classics may be. Experimental Lectures in 
 Chemistry and other branches of Science are given to all the Students. 
 Complete Practical Instruction in Chemistry and Chemical Manipulation 
 may usually be obtained on payment of the fee specified. It is intended 
 that three Courses should comprehend all the Practical and Theoretical 
 Instruction in this Science necessary for those who will not require it ^ 
 for their future professions. Students are prepared for the MiUtary' 
 Academies and the Army by a course of study suited to the Military 
 Examinations. Every Student, not specially exempted, is required to 
 learn either French or German. The course of instruction in the Pre- 
 paratory Class includes all the elements of a good English Education, 
 French, and the Latin Grammar. All the boys in the lower form are 
 taught Choral Singing. 
 
 The year is divided into Three Terms by Vacations of four or five 
 weeks at Christmas, seven weeks in August and September, and two or 
 three weeks half-way between the two longer Vacations. Every Student 
 must be nominated by a Proprietor or by the Council. 
 
 Fejes. — The inclusive Charges to be paid in advance are as follows : — For Students 
 the Sons or Nominees of Proprietors — under ten years of age, £"] los. per Term ; 
 from ten to fifteen years of age, £<) per Term ; above fifteen years of age, ;^io los. per 
 Term. For Students nominated by the Council, £\a los. per annum in addition to 
 the above fees. Extras : Drawing, £i^ 4s. per annum ; Practical Chemistry, ;^3 3s. 
 per Term. Occasional Students may attend the Classes or the Chemical Lec- 
 tures upon payment of Fees, which may be learnt on application to the Principal. 
 Boarders are received by some of the Masters, and in a Licensed Boarding-House, 
 upon payments varying from £^'^ to £(iQ per annum. A Parent or Guardian wishing 
 to secure a Nomination may do so through a Shareholder, or by the purchase of a 
 share at the price oi£2^. 
 
 Principal, Rev. John Griffiths, LL.D. 
 
 Clifton College. — President, the Honourable the Earl of Ducie. 
 Established for the purpose of providing for the Sons of Gentlemen a 
 thoroughly good and liberal Education, in accordance with the principles 
 of the Church of England. The general constitution and discipline of 
 the College are based as nearly as possible upon the model of the great 
 Public Schools. 
 
 Scholarships. — The Guthrie Scholarship of £^^q a year, for two 
 
MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE. 369 
 
 years. One or more House Master's Scholarships of ;^65 a year, for two 
 years. One or more Council Scholarships of ^25 a year, for two years. 
 The latter can be held by either Day Boys or Boarders. 
 
 The Course of Instruction is the same for all Pupils in the Junior 
 School, and is such as to give a sound elementary instruction in Latin, 
 Greek, English, and Arithmetic. Above this the College branches into 
 two Departments, the Classical and the Modern. The former contem- 
 plates preparation for the Universities, and affords instruction upon 
 all the subjects usually taught at a Public School, including French, 
 German, and Physical Science. The latter provides instruction in 
 Mathematics, Latin, Physical Science, Modem Languages, English 
 History, Language, Literature, Composition, &c. Physical Science 
 forms part of the regular work in all Forms, except the highest two in 
 the Classical Department, where a choice is allowed ; and in the lowest 
 two Forms in the Junior School. There is a large Laboratory for 
 instruction in -Practical Chemistry, and four Masters are nearly altogether 
 occupied in teaching Chemistry, Experimental Physics, and Natural 
 History in its leading branches. Drawing forms part of the regular 
 work ; and in addition to the ordmary Classes for Freehand, Per- 
 spective, and Geometrical Drawing, there is a Special Class for those 
 who require to be taught Mechanical and Engineering Drawing. 
 
 There are Special Classes to prepare for the Woolwich and the 
 Indian Civil Service Examinations, with the view of sending Can- 
 didates at once to compete, without the intervention of a private Tutor, 
 or the sacrifice of School Discipline. 
 
 The Buildings and Play-ground occupy a space of about fifteen acres 
 on the outskirts of Clifton, in the neighbourhood of Durdham Down. 
 There is a large open Swimming Bath for the summer, and a covered 
 Tepid Swimming Bath for the winter. There is a large Gymnasium, 
 conducted by an experienced Professor. The Boarding Houses, 
 excepting for the Junior School, resemble those at Rugby, with private 
 studies distinct from the sleeping-rooms. 
 
 Boys are admitted on nominations of Shareholders, and every Share 
 confers the perpetual right of nominating one Pupil. For the con- 
 venience of Non-Shareholders the Council have a limited number of 
 Nominations at their disposal, which can be rented at the rate of 
 ^\ los. There are three School Terms, and the Fees are apportioned 
 in three payments. 
 
 The Junior School, like the rest of the College, is under the super- 
 vision of the Head Master, but the School Rooms, Play-ground, and 
 Boarding Houses are separate. Boys are admissible at the age of eight 
 years, and may remain until the age of thirteen. 
 
 Fees. — Tuition, ^25 per annum ; Board and Tuition, ^^90 ; Pupils under thirteen, 
 ;f 75 ; Laboratory (chargeable only to those who use it), £10 los.- Small charges in 
 addition for the Sanatorium, Gymnasium, Baths, and instruction in Swimming. 
 Junior School ; Boys under eleven, £li per annum ; over eleven, the same as in the 
 College. Board, ;^50 per annum. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. T. F. Brown. 
 
 Marlborough. College. — Founded 1843. Incorporated by Royal 
 Charters, 1845 and 1853. Principal : Rev. G. G. Headley, M.,\. 
 [The number of Applications exceeding that of the Vacancies, it is 
 
 B B 
 
370 SCATS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 advisable that communications should be opened at least two_ years 
 previous to the time at which Admission is desired.} Pupils are 
 admitted by Nomination, or without a Nomination by an additional 
 annual payment of ^^5. A donation of £,20 gives the right to a single 
 Nomination. A subscriber of ;£^5o, or more, may become a Life 
 Governor, and always have one Nominee on the College books for 
 each jQ^o subscribed. 
 
 Whenever there are Vacancies to supply which Life Governors or Donors are not 
 entitled or prepared to exercise a right of Nomination, the Council may admit Pupils 
 either into the College, or as House-Boarders or Home-Boarders, -without Nomination, 
 upon the following payments : — Into the College, ;f85 per annum; as House-Boarders, 
 jf 50 per annum ; as Home-Boarders, £2b. No Boy can be admitted till he can read 
 English fluently, and has learnt the rudiments of Latin. When these have been 
 accurately and carefully taught, a Boy may enter the Lower School with advantage 
 at ten or eleven. In the case of a Boy above thirteen, a certificate of good conduct is 
 required, together with a statement of the books which the Candidate has read and is 
 reading, from the last Master or Tutor under whom he has been placed ; and no Boy 
 of thirteen can be admitted unless he can pass such an examination in Latin, English, 
 and Arithmetic, as will qualify him for the highest Form in the Lower School. 
 After the age of fourteen, no Boy can be admitted without qualifying for the Lower 
 Fourth Form ; nor is any Boy permitted to remain in the Lower School after the age 
 of fifteen. 
 
 The College is divided into Three Schools — Upper, Modern, and 
 Lower. 
 
 Upper School Education is chiefly intended as a preparation for the 
 Universities, and is mainly Classical, with the addition of Mathematics, 
 French, German, History, and Geography. 
 
 Modern. — The instruction consists of Mathematics, Latin, French, 
 German, the Elements of Natural Science, History, Geography, and 
 English Composition. Special Classes for the subjects of Examination 
 at Woolwich. 
 
 Lower School is preparatory for the Upper and the Modem. Boys 
 who belong to it are lodged and taught in a separate part of the College, 
 and are, to a certain extent, kept apart from the rest of the School. 
 
 Fees. — The annual charge for Education and Maintenance, including all requisites, 
 except such as are distinctly personal, is, — with a Nomination, ;^8o; without a 
 Nomination, ;^85. The annual charges for Home-Boarders, receiving education only, 
 are £z\ and £2^1 ; for House-Boarders, receiving partial board in the College, ^^45 
 and £e^S. There are small Extra Fees of ^^i for Medical Attendance; £1 for 
 Laundry (with which House-Boarders are not charged) ; Drawing (if required) forms 
 a part of the instruction in each School ; but an extra charge is made for Military 
 Drawing, also for Fortification and Book-keeping. There are also Extra Fees for 
 Special Preparation for any Examination, requiring the aid of a Private Tutor. 
 
 Boarders, &c. — The College Buildings (exclusive of the Lower School) are 
 divided into six portions, each of which is assigned to a Special House-Master, who 
 undertakes the immediate control of the Pupils placed under him in all matters of 
 education and discipline. The Bursar has management of the Boarding. The 
 House-Master's charges are 100 gs. per annum, inclusive of all Fees (excepting 
 Nomination). Boarders in these houses dine in the College hall ; their other meals 
 are provided in the houses. They enjoy all educational and other advantages offered 
 by the College, and are eligible for all Scholarships and Exhibitions. They only 
 differ from the rest of the School in any advantages which attach to living under the 
 care of a manied Master, the use of a study, &c. Sora'e of the Masters receive 
 Junior Boys at ;f 85 per annum. 
 
 ExHiEn IONS AND PRIZES.— There are Six Exhibitions, three of ;^S0> and three of 
 /40 a year, tenable for three years, at any College or Hall in Oxford or Cambridge. 
 One Exhibition in each Class is vacant annually. There are also a large number of 
 Scholarships and Prizes, particulars of which will be supplied in answer to inquiries. 
 Pupils of the College have taken high honours at the Universities, &c. 
 
 Secretary, Rev. J. S. Thomas. 
 
COWLEY COLLEGE. 371 
 
 Malvern College, Malvern, Worcestershire. — President, the 
 Lord Bishop of Worcester. Is on the model of the great Public 
 Schools, but educates the Sons of Gentlemen at a moderate cost. Con- 
 ducted in strict conformity with the principles and doctrines of the 
 Church of England. Two Departments, Classical and Modern. The 
 Classical Course of Instruction has special reference to the Universities, 
 Military and Civil Examinations, &c., embracing the Study of English 
 Literature, in addition to the usual Curriculum of PubUc School Educa- 
 tion. In the Modern Department the Course embraces Latin, Mathe- 
 matics, English Grammar, Literature, and Composition, Modern History, 
 Chemistry, Political and Physical Geography, Precis-writing, &c. Mathe- 
 matics and Modern Languages enter into the Course of both Depart- 
 ments, French being considered a necessary part of the Course, and 
 German voluntary. A Lower School, preparatory to either Department, 
 is provided for the younger Pupils. The Course includes Reading, 
 Writing, Spelling, Arithmetic, and elementary teaching of all kinds. 
 ' Pupils are boarded at the houses of the Under-Masters, unless resident 
 with their Parents or Guardians. 
 
 Nominations. — There are 600 Shares of ^£40 each. A Nomination 
 may be obtained in either of two ways : first, by the purchase of a 
 Share ; secondly, by an application to the Council, and the annual 
 payment of ,^^6 above the usual charge for Tuition. 
 
 Scholarships and Prizes. — Two Scholarships, in Classics and 
 Mathematics, each of the value of £go per annum, tenable for two 
 years at the Boarding Houses, and two of ^^90 for one year. Two 
 Scholarships of ^^30 each, for three years, tenable at the Universities, 
 and one of £i'^, tenable at the School. 
 
 Fees. — The charge for Tuition is ;£'35 per annum, if the Pupil be nominated by a 
 Proprietor, and £^l if by the Council. The charge for Boarders, inclusive of all 
 domestic extras, is £6n per annum. For instruction in Drawing, Geometrical 
 Drawing, Music, and Experimental Chemistry, an extra charge will be made; as 
 also for boolcs, instruments, and stationery. An annual charge of One Guinea gives 
 the Pupil the free use of the Library, Gymnasium, Fives Courts, Cricket and 
 Foot-ball Clubs. A Drill Sergeant is placed on the permanent staff of the College, 
 who gives instruction in Drill, Higher Gymnastics, Boxing, Swimming, &c. The 
 extras are voluntary, and charged as follows : — Boxing, Fencing, or Single Stick, 
 each per term, 6s. 6d.; Military Drill, or Gymnastic Course, per term, 3s. 6d. ; 
 Swimming, in Summer term only, IQS. 6d. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. A. Faber, M.A. 
 
 Cowley College, near Oxford. — Founded 1841, by the 
 Oxford Diocesan Board, for the purpose of providing a good Education 
 at as low a cost as possible. The College is situated about two miles 
 from Oxford, atid is from its position, and the geological character of 
 the neighbourhood, remarkably healthy. The School Rooms and Dor- 
 mitories are constructed and ventilated on a very efficient plan ; ample 
 recreation grounds surround the buildings ; and at a convenient distance, 
 a Cricket Ground, pleasantly situated, and nearly eight acres in extent, 
 aifords healthy recreation to the Pupils. The School is divided into 
 Three Departments, — The Senior, the Middle, and the Junior. 
 
 In the Senior Department Pupils are prepared for the Army, Navy, 
 Civil Service, or University Examinations ; it is under the immediate 
 charge of the Head Master. In the Middle Department are taught all 
 
 B B 2 
 
372 SOJ\rS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 such branches of knowledge as are necessary in Commercial Pursuits, 
 and there is a special Class for preparation for the Oxford and Cambridge 
 Local Examinations. The Studies in the Junior Department are so 
 arranged that the younger Pupils are prepared for the other two Depart- 
 ments, intowhich promotions are madeaccording to individual proficiency. 
 Boys are admitted at the age of Seven years. For Boys who do not 
 learn Latin, French, EucUd, or Algebra, there is a Special Class, and the 
 following are the subjects : — Enghsh History ; EngKsh Composition ; 
 Dictation ; Geography ; English Grammar ; Morell's Analysis ; Arith- 
 metic; Calculation of Invoices; Book-keeping, and Mensuration. Classes 
 are formed in each department for instruction in French and German. 
 The P>.eligious Instruction is in accordance with the doctrines and prin- 
 ciples of the Church of England. A Monthly Report of the progress 
 and conduct of each Boy is sent to his Parents or Guardians. 
 
 There is a searching Examination, once a year, under the superin- 
 tendence of a Committee appointed by the Oxford Diocesan Board of 
 Education, by means of Printed Papers set by Members of the Univer- 
 sity, selected by the Board. Prizes are awarded to those Pupils who 
 may have distinguished themselves in the Examination. A printed 
 Report of the Examination, together with the Examination Papers, is 
 forwarded to the Parents and Friends Of each Pupil. 
 
 There are Three Terms in the year : from the end of January to 
 Easter, when there is a Fortnight's Holiday ; from Easter to about the 
 end of July, when there is a Vacation of Six Weeks ; and from the 
 beginning of September to Christmas. Pupils may remain during the 
 Easter Holiday time without extra charge. 
 
 The Pupils are all Boarders, they are treated liberally, and each Boy 
 has a separate bed. The domestic arrangements are so ordered as to 
 secure the greatest possible amount of regularity and comfort ; the most 
 scrupulous attention is given to health, and care is taken to provide in 
 every department zealous and able tuition. 
 
 At a Public Meeting held in the Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford, for the promotion of 
 Middle Class Education, the Rev. the Vice-Chancellor of the UNrvERSiTY in 
 the Chair, this Institution was alluded to in the following terms : — ^By tlie Right 
 Hon. W. Gladstone : " I need only remind you that your own Diocesan Board of 
 Education in 1841, and in the first stage and very infancy of the great movement 
 connected with popular education, at that early period obtained, perhaps, some title 
 to the credit of originaUty in founding a Middle School at Cowley, which from, that 
 day to this has teen most effective for its great furfose." By the Bishop of 
 Oxford : " The allusion of my Right Honourable friend to what has been done in 
 our own Diocese to meet this great necessity came gracefully from his lips. Thank 
 God, we have a School at Cowley doing good work for the Church and nation in 
 eruery department." 
 
 Fees — The ordinary Fee for each Boy is £10 per annum for Board and Tuition, 
 without any additional charge for School Books or Stationery. The only necessary 
 extra expenses are : for Laundress, Two Guineas a year ; for Drilling, Half-a-guinea 
 a year ; and Half-a-guinea a year to the School Chapd Fund. There are no other 
 charges except Medical Attendance, Tradesmen's Bills, or special requirements of 
 Parents. 
 
 Principal, Robert Hurman, Esq. 
 
 Christ's College, Brecknock.— The Foundation Scholarships, 
 which are tenable till Eighteen years of age, are assigned, on the joint 
 recommendation of the Examiner and Head Master, to the most de- 
 serving competitors at the Midsummer Examination. The holders of 
 
DOVER COLLEGE. 373 
 
 them pay no fees for Tuition from the date of their election. Boys are 
 admitted between the ages, of eight and sixteen, and are eUgible for the 
 Foundation Scholarships after, twelve years of age. Reading, Writing, 
 Arithmetic, History, Geography, French, and Latin form the ground- 
 work of instruction throughout the School. The system pursued in the 
 Upper Classes is modelled upon the example of the great Public Schools, 
 comprising the study of the best Classical authors, Latin and Greek 
 composition, German, Mathematics, and Divinity. Those who are not 
 intended for the Universities, or any of the I/eamed Professions, have 
 the choice of studying Book-keeping, Mensuration, Drawing, and the 
 several branches of a sound English Education. There are Three 
 Terms, with Vacations at Easter, Midsummer, and Christmas. 
 
 Examinations and Prizes. — A PubHc Examination, conducted by 
 a Member of one of the Universities, takes place annually shortly after. 
 Midsummer. Among the Prizes are included the Bishop of St. David's 
 Classical Prize, the Bishop of Llandaff's Divinity Prize, the Lord Lieu- 
 tenant's English Prize, and the Archdeacon of Brecknock's Prize. The 
 Parry de Winton Exhibition of ;^4o is awarded every three years, 
 and is tenable for the same period at the University of Oxford or 
 Cambridge. 
 
 Fees. — These consist of an entrance fee of £2, one half of which is devoted to the 
 formation of a School Libraiy ; and a yearly capitation fee of ;^8, payable in equal 
 portions at the beginning of each term. Boarders are received into the Head Master's 
 house on the following terms, in addition to the Tuition Fees : — Above 12 years of 
 age, 40 gs. ; below 12 years, 36 gs. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. J. D. Williams, M.A. 
 
 Madras College, St. Andrevv^s. — The peculiar advantages which 
 distinguish this Institution consist in the appointment of a Head Master, 
 with a complete Staff of Assistants for each Department of Instruction. 
 English, Writing, Arithmetic, Classics, Modern Languages, Mathe- 
 matics, and Drawing, are each superintended by a Master whose pro- 
 fessional training has been specially devoted to the subject which he 
 teaches. By this arrangement Parents are enabled to secure for their 
 Sons a First-class Education, either Classical or Commercial. Special 
 Classes can also be attended in preparation for the Army, Navy, and 
 Oxford Examinations, and for Farming and Engineering pursuits. 
 The moderateness of the Fees, and the proverbial healthiness of St. 
 Andrews, form additional claims to the consideration of Parents and 
 Guardians. 
 
 Fees. — The Class Fees are so moderate as to place a first-class education within 
 the reach of persons of limited resources. The following are tlie charges per Quarter : 
 In the Public Classes — Arithmetic, is. ; Writing, is. 6d. ; English, 3s. ; English 
 Grammar and Geography, 5s. In the Higher and Private Classes the quarterly 
 charges are — from 3s. to 5s., 7s. 6d., los., and 21s., the higher Classes being taught in 
 Latin, Greek, French, and German, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Landscape, 
 Mechanical, Military, and Architectural Drawing, Painting in Water and in Oil Colours. 
 Information respecting Board, &c., may be procured from the Secretary. 
 
 Secretary, Stuart Grace. 
 
 Dover College. — President, the Right Honourable the Earl 
 Granville, K.G., Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. The College has 
 been instituted to provide Education of a high order, upon moderate 
 
374 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 terms. It is also anticipated that the mildness of the climate, the good 
 sea-bathing, and the economy of residence, will induce Parents to send 
 their Children as Boarders, or to become Residents themselves. 
 
 A complete Classical Training will be provided ; but, at the same 
 time. Mathematics, Modem Languages, and certain branches of Science 
 will hold a prominent place in the Course of Education, and be sys- 
 tematically taught throughout the School. The Head Master will be 
 assisted in all branches of study by Competent Masters, who, with one 
 or two exceptions, will be Graduates of one of the Universities. 
 
 The Head Master will be alone responsible for the general manage- 
 ment of the school, the whole work of which will be under his immediate 
 superintendence. A Report of the progress and general conduct of each 
 Pupil will be sent to his parent'or guardian at the end of each term. 
 
 There are Three Vacations in the year, - corresponding with those of 
 the Public Schools. A short Vacation at Easter ; a Summer Vacation, 
 beginning about the last" week in July; and a Winter Vacation, be- 
 ginning about a week before Christnias. 
 
 Fees. — For Tuition from the age of q to 12, ^10 los. per annum ; from 12 to 14, 
 £\2 I2S. per annum ; above 14, ;^I5 15s. per annum. These Fees are apportioned 
 between the three School Terms, and are payable in advance. The charge for 
 Boarders in the Head Master's house is ^f 40 per annum,'in addition to the Fees for 
 Tuition. 
 
 PROPER COURSE OF MODERN INSTRUCTION. 
 
 At the opening of the College, in October, 1871, the Right Hon. Earl Gran- 
 ville spoke as follows : — I am glad to see by the report that the system of education 
 to be pursued here is a most catholic one ; that it will be of the highest character, 
 and of a very progressive kind. I see that mathematics are mentioned ; and I think 
 it would be very unlikely that a distinguished member of Cambridge University 
 would conduct such an institution without enforcing that study. I believe he wi)l 
 not disagree with me when I say that, in my beUef, the study of mathematics is 
 one of the most powerful means of training and disciplining the mind. The study is 
 one -which is immensely fitted to be conjoined to all others. I see also that there is 
 to be a classical education of a high character. I own that when I was at school, and 
 ever since, it has appeared to me that the great defect in our general upper class edu- 
 cation is the almost exclusive attention which is devoted to classical pursuits ; but, on 
 the other hand, I believe the reaction which arose from the manifest absurdity of such 
 an exclusive system of study has been wisely withstood by some of the most eminent 
 men of this country, who think it a great misfortune that classical education should be 
 entirely driven from our schools. I believe that the country owes a great deal of 
 gratitude to a man with whom I have been connected, both oifieially and personally, 
 for many years — that eminent historian and classical scholar (Mr. Grote), through 
 whom the London University has exercised so great and successful an influence in so 
 many schools in this country. While he was in favour of the most extended and com- 
 prehensive system of teaching, he steadfastly maintained that classical studies should 
 not be neglected. In your case, which is more than an innovation, I see that you 
 propose to attend to the study of science in the different department^. I believe this 
 to be eminently wise ; for it is a thing to which parents of the present age attach very 
 great importance. The results are not only useful in themselves, but a real study of 
 the different branches of science is one of the most de.sirable adjuncts of education you 
 can possibly resort to. I remember reading a remarkable speech of Mr. John Stuart 
 MUl, in which he described the different branches of education pursued in a Scotch 
 University, and in his summing up he said that the study of science caused young men 
 to think, while the study of classics gave them the power of expressing their thoughts. 
 I own I have thought there is some little fallacy in the distinction drawn between the 
 two departments. It is impossible for a man to be a really great scholar and acquainted 
 with the language and ideas of a people who lived so many years ago without acquir- 
 ing a great habit of thought. On the other hand, many of you who have had an oppor- 
 tunity of hearing some of the distinguished professors in scientific subjects, either lately 
 dead or still living, will feel that they have conveyed their thoughts to their audiences 
 
VICTORIA COLLEGE. 375 
 
 in such singularly clear and perfectly eloquent language that there must be something 
 in the study of science which makes a man know thoroughly what he is talking about, 
 and gives hira an indisposition to use redundant and irrelevant verbiage. I believe 
 that the union of the two S3ratems of education is the one that is best. I am glad to 
 see that modern languages, and I hope modem English, will be included in the edu- 
 cation given. As to the study of Knglish, I am glad to find there is a general feeling 
 of admission that it is a shame that Englishmen should neglect their own mother- 
 tongue, and refrain from cultivating a language which is not only spread all over the 
 world, and which has followed commerce in every direction, but which an eminent 
 German philologist has declared to be in conciseness and copiousness the best of all 
 languages, not excepting his own. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. Wm. Bell, M. A. 
 
 "Victoria College, Jersey. — There are two departments of the 
 College : i. Classical and General Literature, comprising instruction in 
 the Greek and Latin Languages ; Composition ; Ancient and Modern 
 History and Geography ; Arithmetic ; Mathematics ; Drawing ; French ; 
 and German. 2. Modern Literature and Commercial Instruction, em- 
 bracing the English Language ; Composition ; History, especially of 
 England and its Colonies ; Geography ; Arithmetic ; Mathematics ; 
 Drawing; French; and German. Lectures are given to the more 
 advanced Pupils upon the General History and Comparative Grammar 
 of European Languages, and upon the other subjects especially required 
 for the Queen's and Halford Medals. Students are especially prepared 
 for admission to Woolwich and Sandhurst, and for Direct Appoint- 
 ments in all branches of the Home and India Services, whether 
 Military, Naval, or Civil. The Pupils are classified in four divisions — 
 General Work, Mathematics, French, and German ; and their position 
 in each of these is determined solely by their proficiency in the several 
 subjects. Religious instruction is given. " 
 
 Examinations and Prizes. — Public Examinations are held yearly 
 at Midsummer, and Prizes of considerable value are awarded. The 
 Queen's Exhibition, tenable for three years, at any of the Universities 
 of Oxford, Cambridge, Durham, or Dubhn, of the amount of ^30 ; 
 for which any who shall have been Pupils at the College for the three 
 years preceding may be Candidates. The Exhibition will be paid on 
 production of Certificates of such residence having been kept by the 
 holder of the Exhibition as the University requires. Three Queen's 
 Gold Medals, given annually to the most deserving Scholar in each of 
 the three following subjects respectively : — I. Ancient Languages ; 
 II. Modern Languages; Mathematics. The competition is open to all 
 Pupils who have been at the College during the year preceding, at least. 
 Queen's Prize of Ten Pounds, for English History, given in Books bear- 
 ing upon the History of England, and stamped with the Royal Arms. 
 Candidates must have been Students at the College for two years, at 
 least. A Halford Gold Medal, given annually to the Student who, 
 upon examination, shows the greatest proficiency in English Literature. 
 A Gold and a Silver Medal for encouragement of the study of the French 
 Language. A Tonzel Prize, for Students entering the British Merchant 
 Service. The Student will receive a Prize of Books at the conclusion of 
 the Examination, and a Star Quadrant, or other Nautical Instrument, 
 on passing for Mate before the Marine Board in London or Liverpool. 
 
 The Vacations consist of six weeks at Midsummer, a month at 
 Christmas, and a few days at Easter and Michaelmas. 
 
376 - SOJ^S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Fees.— Department of Classical and- General Literature : under 12 years of agfe, 
 ;^8 ; above, /12. Department of Modem Literature and Commercial Instruction : 
 Under 12 years, £(> ; above, £%. For Board, from £iip to £(>o per annum. 
 
 Principal, Rev. W. O. Cleave, LL.D. 
 
 Elizabeth College, Guernsey. — Founded and endowed by 
 Queen Elizabeth, a.d. 1563 ; re-chartered by George IV. a.d. 1825, 
 vchen the present spacious building was erected. The system of educa- 
 tion, commencing with an Elementary Course in the Lower School, 
 comprises Religious Instruction, Classics, Mathematics, Modem 
 Languages (English, French, and German), Ancient and Modern 
 History and Geography, Writing and Arithmetic, and affords a com- 
 plete preparation for the Universities, the learned Professions, and the 
 various branches of the Civil and Military Services. French and 
 German are taught in every class as a regular part of the School work. 
 
 The School is divided into three Sections. I. Classical Department 
 of the Upper School. In this Department Boys are prepared for the 
 Universities, the East Indian Civil Service, and all branches of the 
 Public Service where Classical Scholarship is required. II. Modern De- 
 partment of the Upper School. Boys are prepared for Naval and Mili- 
 tary Schools, Civil Engineering, and all branches of the Public Service 
 where a competent knowledge of Modem Languages, especially French, 
 is required. Book-keeping, Land-surveying, and Plan-drawing are 
 taught in this Department. III. Lower School. The teaching is 
 purely elementary. Boys are admitted as soon as they can read with 
 tolerable facility. 
 
 Scholarships, Exhibitions, and Prizes. — All persons who have 
 been educated at Elizabeth College for at least two years immediately 
 preceding the Election are eligible for the following Scholarships, on the 
 Foundation of King Charles I. and Bishop Morley, varying in value 
 from ;£'7S to ;!^ioo per aimum for four years : — Two at Exeter, Two at 
 Pembroke. And on the next avoidance of King Charles I.'s Fellow- 
 ship at Jesus College, Oxford, two Scholarships at that College will be 
 awarded in the same manner. The Queen's Exhibition of ;£3o per 
 annum for four years ; open to Natives of the Island, or Sons of Natives. 
 The following are open to all Boys -.^Lord De Saumare^s Exhibition of 
 ;£'iS per annum for four years. Tlie Maingay Scholarship of £^0 per 
 annum for two years, open to all Boys above sixteen and under nineteen 
 years of age, who have been at Ehzabeth College for one year imme- 
 diately preceding the Examination. This Scholarship is especially 
 intended to encourage competition for the East India Civil Service, and 
 therefore the subjects are arranged on the principles adopted" for the 
 E. I. C. S. Examinations. Miller Frizes for General Proficiency : for 
 the Sixth Form,;^20i for the Fifth, ;^is; Fourth, ;^io; Third ;^ 5. 
 And several Minor Prizes of ;,£'s- and under, for Theology, Latin, French, 
 English, and Geometrical Drawing and Engineering. The Academical 
 Year is divided into Four Terms of ten weeks each. The Vacations are 
 seven weeks at Midsummer, four at Christmas, and one at Easter. 
 
 Fees. — For Daily Students, including all the branches of Study except Drawing, 
 ■which is an extra charge, under 10 years of age, £i per annum ; above, ;f 12. For 
 Boardens, in the Principal's or Vice-Principal's' houses, under 15 years of age, 60 gs. 
 per annum ; above 15, 65 gs. For other Masters' houses, 45 gs. to 60 gs. These 
 terms include the CoUege Fees for Tuition. 
 
 Principal, Rev. John Gates, M.A. 
 
ABINGDON SCHOOL. 377 
 
 Eiug^ William's College, Isle of Man. — Endowment about 
 ;^9oo per annum ; named, by express permission, after King William IV. 
 Founded 1833, but most of the endowment dates back to about two 
 hundred years ago. Chief Benefactors : Bishop Barrow, Mrs. Smitham, 
 Mrs. Kelly, and Lady Buchan. The Course of Education embraces the 
 Greek, Latin, French, and German Languages ; Mathematics, including 
 Mensuration, Fortification, Navigation, Natural Science ; Drawing ; 
 Arithmetic and Merchants' Accounts ; Writing ; History and Geography ; 
 English Grammar and Composition. Pupils are prepared for the Uni- 
 versities of England and Ireland ; the Mihtary Colleges ; the Civil 
 Service ; the Public Examinations for admission to the Army and Navy 
 and other competitive Examinations ; and for Mercantile and similar pur- 
 suits. Pupils are also prepared for the India Civil Service Examination ; 
 and private instruction is given in Sanscrit. The greatest attention is 
 paid to the Religious and Moral Training of the Pupils. 
 
 Exhibitions and Scholarships. — Four to Oxford, Cambridge, or 
 Dublin, oi £,dp per year each, for four years; Four for the service of 
 the Manse Church, of ;^4o per annum for five years, three years at some 
 University, and two years in the Manse Church; Four Scholarships 
 tenable in the School; Four of;^2 5 per annum each, for natives, or 
 sons of natives; Ten of _;^io per annum each, for natives, or sons of 
 natives ; Five of ;^2o per annum each, open to boys inehgible to the 
 other Scholarships. 
 
 Principal Honours obtained in the last three years : Five Wrangler- 
 ships, or First Classics ; two Senior Opts, at Cambridge ; six Scholar- 
 ships at Oxford or Cambridge ; two University Prizes at Cambridge ; 
 ten First Places in Examinations at Cambridge ; three admissions to 
 Woolwich, Sandhurst, &c. 
 
 The College Quarter Days are — January 20 ; April i ; August i ; 
 and October 15. Pupils must have completed their seventh y&ax at least, 
 and be able to read and write. 
 
 Fees. — In College Boarding-house, from 35 to 45 gs. per annum ; in Masters' 
 Private houses, from 50 to 100 gs. per annum. No extras, except for actual dis- 
 bursements. For Day Boys : under 12 years, ^^8 per annum; over 12 years, ;fio 
 per annum. 
 
 Principal, Rev. Joshua Jones, D.C.L. 
 
 Abingdon School. — Founded 1563, rebuilt (on new site, with 
 large accommodation for Boarders, extensive Play-grounds and Playing 
 Fields) in 1870. The Course of Instruction is adapted to preparation 
 for the Universities, the Military and Civil Services, and Mercantile life. 
 The School has five Scholarships of £s° ^ year, and rooms rent free 
 for five years at Pembroke College, Oxford. There are Vacations of 
 one month at Christmas and a fortnight in April, and seven weeks in 
 Summer. 
 
 The New School House is opened for the reception of Boarders. It 
 has been specially built for their accommodation. The elder Boys have 
 separate sleeping divisions, and there is an Infirmary entirely shut off 
 from the rest of the Building. 
 
 Fees. — Inclusive Terms for Board and Tuition, £6^ a year. Day Pupils, ;^io los. 
 Foundationers, ;f4 4s. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. E. Summers, M.A. 
 
378 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Archbishop Holgate's School, Lord Mayor's Walk, York. 
 Patron, His Grace the Archbishop of York. (Formerly the York 
 Yeomanry School, which was purchased by the Trustees' of Archbishop 
 Holgate's School.) Course of Instruction. — Holy Scriptures, Greek, 
 Latin, and French Languages ; Writing, Arithmetic, Book-keeping, Land 
 Surveying, Geography, Mathematics, Principles of Chemistry as applied 
 to Agriculture and Manufactures ; English Literature and Composition ; 
 Sacred and Profane History. Religious instruction daily. Pupils are 
 admitted at the age of Seven years, if they can read and write, and have 
 some acquaintance with the first four Rules of Arithmetic. Open to 
 children of parents of all Religious tenets. 
 
 Prizes. — There is a general Examination at the end of each half-year. 
 The Midsummer Examination is conducted by a Graduate of one of the 
 English Universities, who is appointed by the Trustees, and the boys 
 who acquit themselves best receive Prizes. 
 
 Fees. — Every Pupil, Day-boy as well as Boarder, is required to pay a capitation 
 fee of ;^6 a year. Boarders are received on terms just sufficient to cover the expenses 
 of tlie boarding establishment, and these terms are fixed from time to time by the 
 Trustees. The charge for board, including washing and medical attendance, is at 
 present fixed at;^22 per annum. The Head Master, assisted by other Masters, has 
 charge of the Boarders. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. Robert Dawrel, B.D. 
 
 Shre^wsbury SchooL — ^Founded by Edward VL, 1551 ; aug- 
 mented by Queen Elizabeth, 157 i. Instruction in Classics, English, 
 French, Mathematics, Arithmetic, and Writing. The Scholarships or 
 Exhibitions appropriate to Shrewsbury School are in value about ;^i, 200 
 per annum, and those contingent to it ;£84o. About one-fourth of this 
 amount is without limitation, and nearly the whole is open in default of 
 qualified Preferential Candidates, whose number is small. Prizes are 
 annually given for Composition in Greek, Latin, and Enghsh, to the 
 best Classical Scholar and Mathematician, and to the most meritorious 
 boys in each Form. This School stands pre-eminent among English 
 Schools for the brilliancy of its University distinctions in proportion to 
 the number of Pupils. 
 
 Fees. — Entrance, ;if2 2s. Tuition (the School Course), ;^is 15s. Board in Head 
 or Second Master's House, £%2 los. ; "Washing, ^^4 i6s. ; Private Study, £i, 4s. 
 Drawing, Drilling, and Dancing are Exti-as. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. H. W. Moss, M.A. 
 
 Cheltenham College. — Visitor, the Right Rev. Lord Bishop 
 OF Gloucester and Bristol. Principal, Rev. T. W. J ex-Blake, 
 M.A. Objects. — To provide a Classical, Mathematical, and General 
 Education of the highest order on moderate terms, in strict conformity , 
 with the principles and doctrines of the United Church of England 
 and Ireland. Religious Instruction forms a principal part of the 
 teaching. 
 
 Course op Instruction. — The School is divided into Three Depart- 
 ments :— The Classical Department, the Military and Civil De- 
 partment, and the Junior Department. In the Classical Depart- 
 ment, as in other Public Schools, are taught all such branches of 
 knowledge as shall prepare Pupils to enter the Universities or the 
 Learned Professions. There is a Special Class for preparation for the 
 
CHELTENHAM COLLEGE. 379 
 
 Competitive Examination for the Indian Civil Service. In the Military 
 and Civil Department the Course of Study embraces Latin, French, 
 German, Sanscrit, Hindustani, Mathematics, History, Geography, and 
 Drawing; and (in the Upper Classes) Experimental Science. There 
 are Special Classes for preparation for the Competitive Examinations for 
 admission at Woolwich and Sandhurst, for Civil Engineers, for Direct 
 Commissions in the Army, for the Navy, for Government Offices, and 
 for Mercantile Pursuits. Pupils are not admissible to the College after 
 they have completed the age of fifteen ; but if it appear to the Prin- 
 cipal that a Boy's acquirements are such as to enable him to take a 
 proper position in the School, and that his personal character is satis- 
 factory, the Principal has the power of suspending this rule in his favour. 
 In the Junior Department the studies are so arranged that it may serve 
 as a preparation for the other two Departments, into which promotions 
 from it are made according to individual proficiency. Particular atten- 
 tion is given to English Grammar, Spelling, and Writing ; to Arithmetic, 
 History, and Geography; and to the rudiments of Latin and Greek. 
 Classes are formed for instruction in French ; and Elementary Mathe- 
 matics are taught, in lieu of Greek, to such Boys as are intended to enter 
 the Military and Civil Department. There is a Special Class for pre- 
 paration for examination for Naval Cadetships. Boys are admissible to 
 it at the age of Seven years ; none may leave it before Eleven, nor 
 remain in it after Thirteen, except by permission of the Principal. 
 
 A distinct part of the College Buildings is reserved for the use of 
 Boys of this Department, and a separate Boarding House is opened for 
 them. It is desired that all such Boys should be sent to this House; 
 but it is open to Parents to send them to other Boarding Houses, if 
 they desire to do so, by special permission of the Principal. 
 
 Scholarships and Prizes. — An Election to Ten Scholarships every 
 May, viz. : — Four Junior Scholarships of ;^4o a year, tenable for two 
 years in four specified Boarding Houses. Two Junior Scholarships of 
 £^20 a year, tenable for two years by Day Boys or by Boarders in any 
 House. Two Senior Scholarships of ;£/^o a year, tenable for three 
 years by Day Boys or by Boarders in any House. Two Senior Scholar- 
 ships of ;^2o a year, tenable for three years by Day Boys or by Boarders 
 in any House. The " Dobson Scholarship " of £,^0 or ;^6o, tenable 
 for one year; and numerous Prizes, from ^^3 to ^10. 
 
 Admission by the Nominations of Proprietors, a List of whose 
 Names is pubhshed annually, and may be obtained on application to 
 the Secretary. 
 
 Fees. — The charge for Education for Day Pupils (including the entire Course) 
 varies from ^16 to £20 per annum, according to the position of the Boy in the 
 School, viz., in the Classical and Military Departments, ;f 20 ; except in the Indian 
 Civil Service Class, for which the Fee is ;^30 per annum ; in the Junior Department, 
 £\(i per annum. ' For Instruction in the Sanscrit, Hindustani, and' Persian Languages, 
 Drawing, and Physical Sciences, there is an extra charge ; and £^\ is to be paid per 
 annum by each Boarder for a Seat in Chapel. No other extras whatever, except for 
 Books, Instruments, Stationery, and Play-ground, and Gymnasium Subscriptions. 
 Boarding Houses are open for the reception of Pupils, under the sanction of the 
 Council. The charge for Boarding (exclusive of the College Fees) is 50 gs. per annum ; 
 and in the Junior Boarding House, 45 gs. per annum ; including eveiything except 
 Medical Attendance, Tradesmen's Bills, and Money advanced by order of Parents. 
 Certain Masters receive a limited number of Pupils. Day Boarders, 10 gs. per annum. 
 
 Secretary, W. L. Bain, Esq. 
 
38o SO^rS AND -DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Cheltenham Grammar School. — Founded 1578; re- 
 modelled 1 85 1. — Provides a liberal and comprehensive Course 
 of Instruction, preparatory to the Universities. Particular care is 
 also bestowed upon the instruction of Pupils intending to offer 
 themselves as Candidates for Military or Civil Service Exami- 
 nations. Instruction, qualifying Candidates for these Examinations, 
 is included in the Classical Department. In the Upper Commercial 
 and Civil Service Class, Arithmetic, Euclid; Algebra, Mensuration; 
 English subjects to the standard of the Civil Service and the Oxford 
 Local Examinations ; Elementary Latin ; Chemistry ; and Natural 
 Philosophy, form the principal subjects of study. A large number of 
 University and other Distinctions have been gained by Pupils of the 
 School. 
 
 There is an Exhibition of ;^8o per annum for Four Years, at Pem- 
 broke College, Oxford. It will be vacant in 1873. Grants of Money 
 are made to meritorious Boys whilst in the School. 
 
 Boys are admissible at ages from eight to eighteen. 
 
 Fees. — For Board and Education, including Stationery, Drilling, and place in 
 Church, under eleven years of age, £\<, a year ; from eleven to fourteen years of age, 
 ;rf 55 ; above fourteen years, £(x>. Boys admissible at all ages, from eight to eighteen. 
 French, German, and Drawing, 2 gs. each ; Fencing, 3 gs. ; Vocal Music and Ele- 
 mentary Drav?ing, I guinea each ; Instrumental Music, 8 gs. Sons of Inhabitants 
 (non-Boarders) have privileges, which can be ascertained by inquiry at the School. 
 
 Head Master, H. M. Jeffery, M.A. 
 
 Cheltenham Proprietary School. — For the Elementary 
 Education of the Sons of Gentlemen, in conformity with the principles 
 and doctrines of the Church of England. The School Course consists 
 of Religious Instruction, English History, Grammar and Spelling, 
 Geography, Arithmetic, Latin, Greek, French, and Drawing ; the object 
 of the School being to give Boys a good Elementary Education, pre- 
 paratory to their proceeding to Public Schools. The plan of keeping 
 young Boys together, and freeing them from the influence of older Boys, 
 is successfully shown in this School. A special characteristic of the 
 Pupils is their tone of truth and honour, the principles of which are 
 rigidly inculcated. There are large Play-grounds attached to the School, 
 and a Cricket Field within a short distance. The Boys are during their 
 play-hours under the charge of the Drill Master. 
 
 The Pupils have won very many Scholarships and Exhibitions in the 
 PubHc School Examinations. Even those Boys who leave without 
 Scholarships take excellent places in the Schools to which they subse- 
 quently go, such as Harrow, Clifton College, Cheltenham College, 
 Wellington College, Westminster and Rossall Schools, &c. 
 
 The School was established by means of Shares, of which a hundred 
 were issued at ^25 each. Proprietors are entitled to nominate one 
 Boy to the Committee for admission to the School in respect of each 
 Share they possess. Besides the Shareholders' Nominations, the Com- 
 mittee are empowered to issue Nominations at an annual charge of 
 three guineas, whenever a Proprietor's Nomination cannot be obtained. 
 Boys are admitted from the age of six to fourteen. 
 
 Fees. — Entrance without Nomination, ^^3. Tuition: Boys under eight years of 
 age, £ici ; under ten, ;f 13 ; over ten, £\(> per annum. Boarders, 58 gs. per annum, 
 exclusive of School Fees. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. C. E. Lefroy Austin, M.A. 
 
LOUGHBOROUGH GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 381 
 
 Perse Free Grammar School, Cambridge. — Founded by 
 Stephen Perse, M.D., Senior Fellow of Caius College, who by will- 
 dated 1 61 5 bequeathed property in charge to his executors, to purchase 
 divers grounds and tenements, to be applied, amongst other purposes, 
 to that of erecting and establishing within three years (if possible) after 
 his decease a convenient house capable of containing one hundred 
 Scholars, to be used for a Free Grammar School, with apartments for a 
 Master and Usher, who are required to be Graduates in this University ; 
 the former a Master, the latter a Bachelor of Arts at least. The Free 
 Scholars are to be natives of Cambridge, Barnwell, Chesterton, or 
 Trumpington. 
 
 The School is conducted under rules framed by the Court of Chancery, 
 by which it is provided that the education should be of a Commercial 
 and general nature, in which Reading with the mother tongue, with 
 Arithmetic, and a knowledge of the science of Book-keeping as appli- 
 cable to Tradesmen, shall be main ingredients, as serviceable to the 
 class of persons partaking of the benefits of the Charity. 
 
 Every Scholar on admission pays twenty shillings, and to the Assistant 
 Usher ten shillings entrance, and ten shillings each half-year, for being 
 taught Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic. 
 
 The age of admission is between ten and fourteen years. No Free 
 Scholar is to remain longer than till the Midsummer Vacation next after 
 he has attained the age of eighteen years. 
 
 Non-Foundationers are now admitted, and two additional Masters 
 have been provided. There is provision for Boarders. Scholars not on 
 the Foundation are admitted at the age of eight. 
 
 The School is examined annually at Midsummer by two Masters of 
 Arts appointed by the Trustees, and Prizes are awarded according to 
 merit. 
 
 In case of a vacancy in the place of the Master or Usher, preference 
 is to be given to one who has received his education at the School. 
 
 In 1842 the old School-house was taken down, and new buildings 
 were erected, comprehending a School-room, and houses for the Master 
 and Usher. The School-buildings have been recently enlarged, so that 
 there is now room for at least 150 Boys. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. Frederick Heppenstall, M.A. 
 
 Loughborough Grammar School. — Founded 1495, re- 
 organised 1849. The Pupils are thoroughly prepared for the Universities, 
 or for Commercial life, by a Course of Instruction in the Holy Scriptures, 
 Greek, Latin, French, German, and English Languages, Mathematics, 
 History, Geography, Reading, Writing, Book-keeping, &c. The study 
 of Greek is not compulsory. Boys who do not learn it devote more 
 time to their Commercial Education. A Class has been established for 
 affording a purely English Education. This is intended for elder Boys, 
 who come late to School, and have but a short time to remain there 
 before entering on business. 
 
 The House (which, together with the School, has been recently 
 rebuilt at a cost of nearly _;^8,ooo) stands in a healthy situation outside 
 the town, in sixteen acres of its own ground ; it has large Play-grounds 
 attached to it, and is admirably adapted for the accommodation of 
 Boarders. 
 
382 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Exhibitions and Prizes. — There are two Exhibitions of ;£'3o a year 
 each to Jesus College, Cambridge. Candidates must have been at least 
 a year and a half at the Loughborough School immediately before going 
 to Cambridge. Prizes for various Subjects are given annually. Nume- 
 rous Scholarships and Exhibitions have been gained at the Universities. 
 There are Vacations at Midsummer and Christmas, and Easter and 
 Michaelmas ; but Pupils may remain during the short Vacations without 
 extra charge. 
 
 Fees. — Boarders, 50 gs. per annum, which includes the charge for the whole 
 Course of Education, for Washing, and Stationery ; the only Extras being Books 
 and Medical Attendance. A charge, not exceeding ;jfi per quarter, is made for any 
 accomplishment not included in the Course taught during School hours. Drawing, 
 los. per quarter ; Gymnastics, los. per quarter. Day Scholars coming from a 
 distance can dine with the Head Master by payment of ro gs. per annum. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. J. Wallace, M.A. 
 
 Leeds Grammar School. — Boys are prepared for the Univer- 
 sities, or for Professional or Commercial life. The Ordinary Course of 
 Study comprises the English, Latin, Greek, French, and German 
 Languages ; Writing, Freehand and Model Drawing, Arithmetic and 
 Mathematics, History and Geography. Boys of the Second Class may 
 substitute for Greek and Latin the study of either Modern History and 
 Literature, Physical and Political Geography, or of Physical and Experi- 
 mental Science. 
 
 -Exhibitions. — There are Four Exhibitions of ;^5o each per annum, 
 tenable for four years at either of the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, 
 or Durham. Boys are also eligible to the Hastings Exhibitions at 
 Queen's College, Oxford, value ^^75 to ^£^90 per annum, for five years, 
 of which two or three will be open for competition every year ; and to 
 the Milner Scholarships at Magdalene College, Cambridge, value ^']o 
 a year, tenable for four years. Candidates for the School Exhibitions 
 must have been educated at the School for the four years immediately 
 preceding, and those for the Hastings Exhibitions and Milner Scholar- 
 ships for the two years immediately preceding. 
 
 Examinations and Prizes. — Examinations are held at the close of 
 every Term, and Reports forwarded to Parents ; those at the end of the 
 first and second Term are conducted by the Head Master ; that at the 
 end of the Summer Term by Examiners appointed by the Trustees, at 
 which Class Prizes are awarded in the different subjects of study. 
 
 Admission and Vacations. — No boys are admitted under eight 
 years of age, and they must be able to read English without difficulty, 
 to write correctly and legibly from dictation, and to work sums in the 
 first four rules of Arithmetic. The School Year -is divided into three 
 TermSj and the Holidays consist of Four Weeks at Christmas, Three 
 Weeks at Easter, and Six Weeks in the Summer, commencing about the 
 I St of August. There is a good Cricket Ground and a Gymnasium 
 attached to the School. 
 
 Fees. — For boys neither natives of nor resident with their parents in the Borough 
 of Leeds — if above fourteen, ;^i5 i6s. ; if below fourteen, /■14 14s. Boarding 
 Pupils are received by the Assistant Master, in a large and convenient House near the 
 School. Terms for Boarders are — for boys below twelve, 50 gs. pel: annum ; below 
 fifteen, 55 gs. ; above fifteen, 60 gs. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. W. G. Henderson, D.C.L., Woodhouse Moor. 
 
LUDLOW GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 383 
 
 Rocliester Cathedral Grammar School. — Founded by 
 Henry VIII. Twenty King's Scholars are educated free, and receive 
 an annual allowance of;£2i 3s. 4d. Their Selection, after an Examina- 
 tion, is vested in the Dean and Chapter of Rochester, and any Boy 
 between the ages of nine and fifteen is eligible. The Course of 
 Instruction comprises Classics, Mathematics, Writing, and Arithmetic. 
 Optional (extras) — French, German, Drawing, Dancing, and Drill. 
 Private Tuition if desired by Parents. 
 
 Scholarships and Prizes. — The Boys are entitled to four Exhibi- 
 tions, two at Oxford, and two at Cambridge, of the yearly value of 
 £^0 res., during residence, paid by the Dean and Chapter. Also to 
 two of the Gunsley Exhibitions, at University College, Oxford, of the 
 yearly value of £^S, during residence. The Electors are the Masters 
 and Fellows of the College, and each Exhibitioner is allowed ;£'2o per 
 annum at School, from the date of his Election to the commencement 
 of his residence at Oxford. Annual Prizes, to the amount of ^10 ros., 
 are given by the Representatives of Rochester to those Pupils who 
 distinguish themselves most in Classics, Mathematics, and the French 
 Language respectively. Also to the amount of ;^6 6s. by the very 
 Rev. the Dean, and of _;^S Ss. by the Chapter Clerk, for the- same 
 purpose. Prizes are also given by the Bishop of the Diocese for Eng- 
 lish, and by the Member for Chatham for German. 
 
 Fees. — For the ordinary Course of Instruction per annum, £n ; Entrance, £2 ; 
 Board with Head Master, £^0 ; Board and Tuition for Boys under thirteen, £i^<^ ; 
 Washing, ;^2 2s. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. R. Whiston, M.A. 
 
 Ludlow Gram.mar School. — Original Foundation known to 
 have existed in 1284. Modified by the Charity Commissioners in 1853, 
 and now under the government of Trustees. Course of Instruction. — 
 Greek, Latin, English, History, Geography, Algebra, Mathematics, 
 Arithmetic. Extras. — Modern Languages, Music, Dancing, Water- 
 colour Drawing, and Freehand and Geometrical Drawing. The School 
 i^ open to boys whose parents or guardians, or persons acting in loco 
 parentis, are or were at their decease inhabitants of the town of 
 Ludlow, or within a radius of ten miles thereof. The Education now 
 given is such as to fit Pupils for Trade, Professions, the Civil Service, 
 and the Universities. Boys from beyond this radius are admitted on 
 payment of a higher rate of Fees. The age of admission is not under 
 eight nor above sixteen to the Foundation. Those not on the Founda- 
 tion are not limited to sixteen. The advantages of Foundation cease 
 after a Pupil has attained the age of eighteen. The qualifications for 
 admission are Elementary Reading and Writing, and a certificate of 
 good conduct from the last School if the Pupil is transferred from 
 another. 
 
 Exhibitions, Prizes, &c. — There are three Exhibitions of the annual 
 value of;^5o each, and tenable for three years, so that there is a vacancy 
 every year for a duly qualified Candidate. Those only are at present 
 eligible whose parents reside within the limits, and who have been two 
 years in the School. Also two Exhibitions at Balliol College, Oxford, of 
 the annual value of ^45. The conditions under which they are held de- 
 pend upon the governing body at Oxford. There are also minor Prizes. 
 
384 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Fees. — Foundationers, £■>, per annum; Non-Foundationers pay ;^ii. Boarders 
 are received into the Head Master's House at from 45 gs. to 65 gs. per annum, 
 according to age. Day Boarders, 12 gs. Each boy is provided with a separate bed. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. W. C. Sparrow, LL.D., M.A. 
 
 Nonconformist Grammar School, Bishop Stortford. — The 
 distinctive object of this School is to provide a Liberal and at the same 
 time Religious Education. The Bible alone is the basis of Rehgious 
 Instruction, and the reading of Scripture, with Prayer, precedes the 
 commencement of each day's Scholastic duties. The Educational Course 
 embraces Greek, Latin, French, German, and English Languages ; 
 Writing, Arithmetic, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, History, and 
 Geography. Subjects not included in the School Course are taught as 
 Extra Subjects by the respective Masters. The Pupils are thus prepared 
 to proceed either to the Universities, the Learned Professions, or the 
 various pursuits of Commerce. 
 
 Exhibitions. — There are Three Exhibitions of £,1^ each per annum, 
 tenable for two years by boys under sixteen years of age, who have been 
 at least one year Pupils of the School, and have taken a first-class in the 
 Non-Gremial Examinations of the University of Cambridge. The second 
 year of tenure need not be necessarily spent at School, if the Exhibitioner 
 be elsewhere bon& fide studying for a learned Profession. The John's 
 Foundation Scholarship is tenable for two years, by a Native or Resident 
 at Bishop Stortford, or an adjoining Parish. 
 
 An Exhibition of £^20 per annum, to be held for two years, by a 
 Pupil proceeding direct to some College in the University of Cambridge. 
 
 The School Year is divided into Three Terms, commencing in 
 January, May, and September. The Hohdays consist of six weeks in 
 Summer, four weeks at Christmas, and a fortnight at Easter. At the 
 close of the Summer Term the whole School is examined by Gentlemen 
 of ascertained Scholarship, and Prizes are awarded according to the 
 rtierits of the Pupils. The Head Master will also at the end of each 
 Term report to their Guardians upon the general conduct and progress 
 of the Pupils. 
 
 Fees. — ^According to ages : Boarders from 35 to 45 guineas per annum. Day 
 Pupils, 8 to 10 ditto. Eveiy Pupil must be nominated by one of the Proprietors, a 
 I jst of whose names, and forms of Nomination, may be had upon application. 
 
 At a recent Prize Distribution, the Rev. T. RuDD, Head Master of Lewisham 
 School, made the following observations : — He remembeied a remark which he over- 
 heard at the commencement of the session when he brought his boy to this school. 
 His son observed to a companion as he came from the station, " It is rather a long 
 way to school," to which the reply was, " Yes, my boy, but you will find it shorter at 
 the end of the half-year, when you go from the school to the station." (Laughter.) 
 He was present that day, not so much in the character of a teacher as of a parent, and 
 he had much pleasure in expressing the confidence which he felt that the children who 
 were placed under Mr. Ailott's charge were not only well cared for in regard to intel- 
 lectual development, but enjoyed all the advantages which they could desire for them 
 in regard to Christian influences and Christian training. He felt when he left his son 
 at school that he had committed him into Mr. Ailott's hands to take care of him 
 bodily, mentally, morally, and spiritually. He sympathised with the anxieties of 
 parents, but he felt sure that this was the spirit which parents should manifest to- 
 wards the teachers of their children. Where they could not bestow that confidence 
 they had better not place their children at all. Since he had had a child in that school 
 the name of Bishop Stortford had had a charm for him which it never possessed 
 before, and the school and its inmates were continually in his thoughts when he poured 
 out his petitions at the throne of grace. 
 
 Head Master, Rev, R. Ailott, B.A. 
 
MILL HILL SCHOOL. 385 
 
 Bishop Stortford High School. — Visitor, the Right Rev. the 
 Lord Bishop of Rochester. The Course of Instruction comprises : — 
 Religious teaching in conformity with the Church of England ; the Greek, 
 Latin, English, French, and German Languages; Pure and Applied 
 Mathematics ; Land Surveying, Book-keeping, History, and Geography. 
 Hebrew is taught to any Pupils of the fifth and sixth Classes who 
 wish to learn. Instruction is given, by the Senior Mathematical Master, 
 in Mechanics, and other branches of Physical Science, to any Pupils in 
 the higher Mathematical divisions. Lectures, illustrated by experiments 
 and diagrams, are occasionally given on scientific and interesting subjects. 
 The duties of each day commence with prayers and the reading of the 
 Scriptures, at which every Pupil must be present. 
 
 Scholarships. — An open Competitive Examination for two Senior 
 and two Junior Scholarships,, of the Annual Value of ^15 and ^^12 for 
 Day Boys, or £^2fl ^'^^ £^ ^ fo' Boarders, tenable during the whole time 
 the holder remains in the School, is held on the second Wednesday and 
 Thursday in July. Candidates for the Senior Scholarships niust not 
 exceed seventeen, nor for the Junior Scholarships y^««; years of age. 
 
 Prizes. — Three Prizes are awarded in each class at the end of the 
 Michaelmas and Easter Terms, viz., for Religious Knowledge, Classics, 
 and Mathematics, if the Head Master is satisfied with- the work of the 
 class. At the close of the Easter Term, extra Prizes are awarded for 
 various subjects, of which due notice is given. 
 
 During the last few years High School Pupils have gained at Cambridge one Fel- 
 lowship ; one first-class in the Classical Tripos ; one Senior Optime ; one second 
 class in the Theological Tripos, with special mention for proficiency in Hebrew; 
 two Chancellor's Gold Medals for English Poetry; five open Scholarships; one 
 Sizarship at St. John's College; thirty-four Certificates for passing the University 
 Local Examinations ; no fewer than twenty-six boys obtained honours, many of them 
 being placed in the first class. At the last Examinations the first place in Greek, and 
 the eighth in Divinity of the Senior Candidates, and the first place in Latin, and the 
 second in Greek, of the Junior Candidates, were obtained by High School boys. 
 
 Fees. — Day Boys, between nine and eleven years, £^ per Term ; between eleven 
 and fourteen, ;^5 ; above fourteen, £(>. Boarders, including Tuition, £ii, X20, and 
 ;f 22 per Term. Boarders who are Sons of Clergymen pay £1 per Term less than 
 others. There are three Terms ; a few special subjects are charged as Extras. 
 
 Head Master, Rev, Godfrey Goodman, D.D. 
 
 Mill Hill School, Hendon, Middlesex. — Founded 1807 for the 
 Education of the Sons of Protestant Evangelical Dissenters. Re-con- 
 stituted by the present Governors, under the authority of the Court of 
 Chancery, on the model of the great Public Schools, and now conducted 
 on broad and liberal principles. The Classical Languages and Litera- 
 ture hold a principal place in the Course of Study. In addition to the 
 study of the Classics, and to daily Scriptural teaching, every Boy 
 receives instruction in the English Language and Literature; in the 
 French Language and Literature ; in Arithmetic and other branches of 
 Mathematics ; in Natural Science, Drawing, Choral Singing, and Drill- 
 ing. Care is also taken to insure that the Boys acquire a good general 
 knowledge of Geography, and of Biblical, Classical, and Modem His- 
 tory. Promotion in the School is according to proficiency ; and after 
 attaining a certain stage-, a Boy is allowed to begin German, and — if a 
 desire to that effect be expressed by his Parents or Guardians— to 
 
 c c 
 
386 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 devote less attention to the Classics and more to Mathematics and 
 Modern Languages. The Head Master undertakes to arrange for 
 private tuition in the case of Boys of the higher. Forms who need to 
 devote extra attention to special subjects. Lectures on a variety of 
 useful subjects form a part of the general scheme of Education. 
 
 Scholarships and Prizes. — Numerous Prizes are given as incentives 
 to industry and good conduct. Scholarships have been instituted, 
 tenable at the School, in value varying from ^lo to £<)0 . per annum. 
 The Bmsfield Scholarship, of the annual value of £^a, is tenable for 
 three years at University College, or for a Ministerial Candidate at New 
 College, London. The Governors have also established two other 
 Scholarships, worth ^^30 per annum, tenable for three years at any 
 College or Hall at Oxford, Cambridge, or London. 
 
 The School is situated on high ground, aSjout ten miles from London, 
 is within a short distance of stations on the Midland and Great Northern 
 Railways, and may be seen from both lines by Passengers approaching 
 Mill Hill. The situation is one of the healthiest in the country, and 
 rendered eminently inviting by the natural beauties of the scenery. The 
 Boys have the advantages of a large field and play-ground, and the 
 arranigement of the premises admits of the introduction of all modern 
 improvements. The extent of the Estate is about thirteen acres. 
 
 Fees. — ^The Fees for Boarders, including Tuition and Lectures, vary witli age from 
 eleven to above fourteen, 18 gs. to 27 gs. perTerm. Daily Boarders, 10 gs. to 13 gs. ; 
 Honie Boarders, 8 gs. A limited number of Sons of Christian Ministers are taken at 
 lower fees. Ttere are three Terms. 
 
 INFLUENCE OF MONITORS AND TEACHERS. 
 
 The character of the mass of boys in any school being determined mainly by that 
 of the elder boys, it is to be considered how in the elder boys that which is high- 
 minded and generous is to be fostered and maintained. There are few natures, if any, 
 so froward and so debased that there are no latent sparks of high and generous feel- 
 ing which fitting nurture may develop ; and nothing, I apprehend, tends more power- 
 fully to fan these sparks into a flame than the recognition of their existence. Arnold 
 taught the boys at Rugby to speak the truth by invariably giving them credit for doing 
 so. To treat a boy as a liar is ±0 make him one : on the other hand, few boys — very 
 few — are of a spirit so mean and contemptible that they wiU tell a falsehood where 
 they are sure of being frankly beUeved. To repose confidence in a boy, as soon as he 
 begins to show the budding feeling of self-respect, and to give him ample liberty, with 
 no needless and arbitrary restrictions, is one of the surest ways of fostering in him a 
 noble and chivalrous sense of duty ; and I know from convincing experience that such 
 confidence will teach him to turn with loftiest scorn from all that is unworthy and 
 dishonourable in word or deed. In like manner to entrust elder boys with autho- 
 rity over the juniors has a direct tendency to make them gentle and forbearing. Supe- 
 rior physical strengtli is less likely to be abused when it is associated with legitimate 
 authority. And with a system well and carefully organised there will spring up a 
 respect for law in the whole community, a public opinion in favour of order, the work- 
 ing of which is far more consonant with our English habits of thought and feeling than 
 such modes of maintaining order as we see practised on the Continent. I am not un- 
 aware that there are, as experience has too amply proved, dangers attending the Moni- 
 torial System, especially when the prudence and good principles of the monitors have 
 been insuSiciently guarded attd supported by the watchful care of the Master. But 
 forewarned is forearmed ; provided there be the moral courage to excise the evils, 
 whatever form they may assume, and however painful the operation. As to general 
 discipline, there is one principle on which I would lay stress. In a school where it 
 has become the custom to inflict severe punishments, every punishment that is not 
 severe fails of its effect ; let light punishments be the rule, and the very lightest will 
 be felt and wiU commonly be efScacious. Severity is sometimes necessary, but as a 
 general rule it is better to govern by.gentle means, and to allure to that which is right. 
 I stm persliaded that there is in all boys, in the depths of theii- nature, a fund of gfenial 
 
BEDFORD GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 387 
 
 lovingness which, even if it has been crushed down by bad early training and harsh 
 treatment, yet needs only to be evoked, and it will appear. "When a boy feels that he 
 is loved, he loves in turn, and finds a pleasure in endeavouring to please. And even 
 as to teaching, there is great truth in Xenophon's remark : " I venture to affirm that 
 no one ever learns anything from a teacher whom he dislikes." — Speech of the Head 
 Master. 
 
 Head Master, R. F. Weymouth, D. Lit., M.A. 
 
 Bedfordshire Middle Class School.— The object of the 
 proprietary fs to give the Sons of the Agricultural and Commercial 
 Classes a suitable Education, on the Public School System, at a mode- 
 rate cost. It is intended to accommodate 300 Boys as Boarders. The 
 School is situated in the parish of Kempston, adjoining the town of 
 Bedford, on a gravelly soil. The buildings are of handsome elevation 
 and great extent, having a separate Infirmary or Hospital detached 
 from the building ; and a covered tepid svfimming bath within the walls. 
 The buildings stand in twenty-two acres of land, of which "sixteen acres 
 are pleasure grounds, the rest ornamental. The religious instruction is 
 that of the Church of England, which, however, is not obhgatory. The 
 Secular Instruction comprises the following subjects : — Reading, Writing, 
 Mathematics (including Arithmetic), Land Mensuration, Surveying and 
 Levelling, Book-keeping, History, Geography, Chemistry, and other 
 Natural Sciences, the Elements of Political Economy, Elementary Draw- 
 ing, Vocal Music, Classics, French and German, and such other subjects 
 as the Directors from time to time direct to be added thereto. There is 
 an annual Examination, and a Distribution of Prizes. 
 
 Admission. — Boys to be admitted on the Nomination of Shareholders, 
 only at the beginning of a Term, unless the Directors direct otherwise. 
 Boys not to be admitted under the age of eight or aihoye fourteen, except 
 by special leave of the Directors, or to remain after seventeen. The 
 Directors may require, before the admission of any Boy to the School, a 
 certificate of his good conduct and character from his former master or 
 tutor. Each Boy must produce evidence of his having been Vaccinated. 
 
 The School year is divided into two Terms, the first extending from 
 the last Wednesday in. January to the first Wednesday in July, when the 
 Summer Vacation of six weeks begins, at the close of which the second 
 Term commences, and ends on a day between the i8th and 25th days 
 of December. Two weekly half-holidays are given. 
 
 Fees. — The School Fee for each boy is ^f 30 per annum, which includes all charges 
 for tuition, board, washing, and repairs of linen. All other School expenses — viz., 
 use of books, ordinary medical attendance and medicine, repairs of articles of dress, 
 and plain school, caps — are included in an additional sum of ;^3 los. per annum. 
 Beyond these charges there are no extras. 
 
 Head Master, Coward Ellis Morris, M.A. 
 
 Bedford Grammar School. — Open to Sons of inhabitant 
 Householders on payment of one guinea per annum. Boys must be 
 above eight and under fifteen when admitted. Admission quarterly. 
 Certificates of birth, vaccination, and of parents' marriage required. 
 ' Instruction includes Classics, Mathematics, French and German, and 
 Drawing. There are Two Exhibitions annually, each of ^^80 a year 
 for four years, tenable at Oxford, Cambridge, London, Dublin, or 
 Durham. 
 
 C C 2 
 
388 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Boarders are received by the Second Master and the Mathematical 
 Master. 
 
 Total number at present 300. Number of Masters in vanous subjects 
 fifteen. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. F. Fanshawe, M.A. 
 
 STirrey County School.— Visitor : The Lord Bishop of Win- 
 chester. To provide a sound and plain Education in accordance with 
 the principles of the Church of England, and on the PubUc School Sys- 
 tem, to the Sons of Members of the Middle Class. 
 
 The Course of Instruction comprises : — Reading, Writing, Arithmetic ; 
 Religious Knowledge ; English Language and Literature ; History and 
 Geography ; Mathematics, Book-keeping, and Land Surveying ; French, 
 Latin, Greek, and German ; Drawing and Singing. 
 
 Scholarships of ;£'i5 and ^£30 each, tenable in the School, are 
 given after the Summer Examination. Two Annual Prizes of £,^ each 
 are given by D. D. Heath, Esq., to the Boys who pass the best Exami- 
 nation in two prescribed books. A Prize of £^ is given each year by 
 Morton Sumner, Esq., for the best papers on Road-making or Drainage. 
 A Prize of £^ is given each year by J. W. Thrupp, Esq., to the Boy 
 who passes the best Examination in Commercial subjects, including 
 Writing, a knowledge of Book-keeping, 8z:c. 
 
 Boys are admitted from nine years of age. The Year is divided into 
 Three Terms. 
 
 Fees. — Education, Board, and "Washing, ;^30 a year ; Medical attendance, 15s.; 
 Boolis and Stationery, about £,z 55. Entrance, for boys not belonging to Surrey, 
 ;f 3 3s. Instrumental Music, £/^ ; Drill, 6s. per annum. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. J. Merriman, M. A., Cranleigh, Surrey. 
 
 QiUeeu Elizabetli's School, Ipswich. — In the arrangements of 
 the School there are two Departments or sides : — i. That of Classical 
 and General Literature, in which the subjects taught are Divinity, Latin, 
 Greek, French, German, the English Language and Literature, History 
 and Geography, Mathematics, Arithmetic, Writing and Dictation. 2. 
 The Modern Side, in which the requirements of Boys who are not 
 intended for the Universities, including the case of Candidates for Sand- 
 hurst, Woolwich, and the Indian Civil Service, are specially kept in view. 
 Except for purposes of instruction, there is no distinction between Boys 
 on the Modem Side and those on the Classical Side. The principal 
 subjects of instruction on the Modem Side are Mathematics, French, 
 German, Latin, History, English Literature, and Physical Science. The 
 Forms are examined periodically by the Head Master, who forwards a 
 report of every Boy's progress to his Parents. The system of teaching 
 Drawing is that adopted in the Schools under the Government Committee 
 of Art and Drawing. 
 
 The School premises, together with the G3Tnnastic grounj^ and Cricket 
 field, occupy an area of about eight acres, on a hill not far from the 
 town, overlooking the Arboretum and.Christ Church Park, in a beautiful 
 and healthy situation. The Buildings, erected in 1851, consist of two 
 large School Rooms and two smaller Class Rooms, a School Chapel, 
 and the Head Master's house, which has accommodation for fifty boys. 
 
 Exhibitions and Prizes. — ^The Albert Scholarship, being the interest 
 
BIRKENHEAD SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND ART. 389 
 
 of a fund of upwards of ;^i,o5o (three per cent, consols), raised in 1862 
 to commemorate the la)ring of the Foundation Stone of the New School 
 Buildings by the late Prince Consort in 185 1, tenable for one year at 
 any College or Hall in Oxford or Cambridge. Martin's Exhibition, 
 value ;£25 per annum, for Scholars proceeding to the University of 
 Cambridge, tenable for one year. It is expected that this Scholarship 
 will in a short time be considerably augmented from the proceeds of 
 the Martin Estate by the Endowed School Commissioners into two or 
 more valuable Scholarships. The Pemberton Exhibition, value £,^0 per 
 annum, tenable for three years at any one of the Universities in England. 
 Two Pemberton Scholarships, value ;^2o per annum each, tenable during 
 residence at School, open to competition by all Boys at the School 
 between the ages ol fourteen and sixteen. The Steward Prize, being the 
 interest of the sum of ;^ioo (three per cents.) raised in 1867 in honour 
 of the Memory of Charles Steward, Esq., of Thirlestane Lodge, Ipswich, 
 a benefactor of the School, given for proficiency in Divinity. A Ford 
 Studentship, oi £,z<^ a year, tenable by a Pupil of the School at Trinity 
 College, Oxford ; and numerous minor Prizes. Numerous Honours 
 have been gained at Oxford and Cambridge, besides admissions into 
 Sandhurst and Woolwich, and appointments in the Indian Civil Service. 
 Entrance. — No Pupil can be admitted under the age of seven years, 
 nor any who cannot read fluently and write legibly ; and no Boy is 
 allowed to remain at the School after completing his eighteenth year, 
 without special leave. 
 
 Fees. — Per annum : Sixth form, £,\i l8s. ■; Fifth, Fourth, and Third forms, 
 jf 15 15s. ; Second and First forms, j^iz 12s. Board, including Tuition: Boys under 
 twelve, ;^6o per annum ; above twelve and under fourteen, ^^63 ; above fourteen, £(ii>. 
 Washing, £■>, ; Chapel charge, ;^I ; Library, 6s. Entrance Fee, £,2 2s. The year is 
 divided into three Terms. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. H. Holden, M.A., LL.D. 
 
 Birkenhead School of Science and Art. — In Connection 
 WITH THE Government Science and Art Department. — The School 
 is intended to meet the requirements of all Classes of Society, with 
 reference to the study of Science and Art, whether as applied to Indus- 
 trial Occupations, Art Manufactures, or as a part of General Education. 
 There is a large collection of the best examples of ancient and modern 
 Art, consisting of Casts from the Antique, and from Ornament ; Decora- 
 tions of all Historic Styles ; Paintings, Drawings, Photographs, &c. ; 
 and a Library containing many valuable works on Ornaments, Archi- 
 tecture, Engineering, Anatomy, Botany, &c. 
 
 There are Morning and Evening Classes for Males and Females, and 
 sepfirate Classes for Antiques. The Members enjoy all the privileges 
 offered by the Government to Provincial Science and Art Schools. 
 (See pp. 134, 139, and Appendix.) The large building erected for the 
 School, at the cost of John Laird, Esq., was opened in September, 
 1871. 
 
 The following Clause, providing for the Education of Apprentices 
 in "the branches of Art or Science useful to the requirements of their 
 trade, has been brought to the notice of Employers of Labour in all 
 handicraft pursuits, as being suitable to the locaUty, and with a view to 
 its incorporation in the Indentures of their future Apprentices; The 
 
390 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 suggestion is worthy of adoption in all parts of the Kingdom where 
 Science and Art Schools or Classes may have been or may be hereafter 
 established :— " And the said A. B. shall at least — ^ times in the 
 space of every twelve months during the term of his Apprenticeship 
 attend the Classes of the Birkenhead School of Art held in connection 
 with the Science and Art Department of the Committee of Council on 
 Education at a fee of not less than j[,\ 4s. nor exceeding £2 2s. for 
 each year of forty-two weeks each week, to comprise three evenings of 
 two hours each the fee to be paid quarterly and in advance. And shall 
 present himself at the Annual Examinations held by the Science and 
 Art Department for the purpose of being Examined in the subject or 
 subjects taught in the said Classes. And the said Master will_ permit 
 
 him to attend the above-mentioned Classes at least times in each 
 
 year of his Apprenticeship and to present himself for Examination in 
 the subject or subjects he has studied in the said Classes at the Annual 
 Examinations held by the Science and Art Department. And shall con- 
 sider the time spent by the Apprentice in such Classes and Examinations 
 as time properly spent in his service &c." 
 
 IMPORTANCE OF TECHNICAL AND ART EDUCATION. 
 At the opening of the new buildings erected for the Birkenhead 
 Science and Art Schools, Lord Derby spoke as follows : — 
 
 Let me tell you that this School of Art and all similar institutions in these parts 
 will have to grow, if they are to keep pace with the increase of that vast industrial 
 community on both shores of the Mersey, of which Liverpool and Birkenhead are 
 component parts. We have had five years, not exactly of scarcity, and certainly not 
 of idleness, but years in which Lancashire was not as busy as Lancashire usually 
 is. They are passed, the usual reaction has followed ; and in most branches of industry 
 we are doing more, I suppose, than we ever did before. Experience teaches us, how- 
 ever, that that also is a condition of things which vrill- pass away ; and experience is 
 teaching us another disagreeable truth — that we have more to fear from foreign com- 
 petition in all occupations for which technical or artistic skill is requii'ed than we had 
 fifteen or twenty years ago, or than we are willing to admit at the present day. "We 
 have been making a great noise about teaching everybody to read, write, and cipher, 
 and of course that is all as it should be ; but book-learning is a small part of the 
 practical education of life. What is called special or technical training is growing 
 into greater importance every year, and for a very obvious reason. As ci'solisation 
 goes on, as mechanical skill and' scientific knowledge increase in importance, and at 
 the same time become more widely diflFused, the tendency in every art, in every 
 branch of production, is to adopt more complex processes and more labour-saving 
 devices ; and these more and more require men who have been specially and carefully 
 taught to manage them. The fewer human beings you want in order to produce, 
 with such help as you can borrow from nature, a given result, the better, as a general 
 rule, must be their training to meet the greater difficulty and delicacy of the operation 
 they are engaged in. Now this training may be got after a fashion by .practice only.-, 
 but it is most' perfectly and thoroughly attained by a combination of practice with 
 theoretical instruction ; and accordingly in various and very different professions you 
 see the want of a special professional course of teaching recognised. The Naval and 
 Military Colleges about which there is so much talk just now, the establishment which 
 is to train Engineers for India, the College of Naval Architecture, the School of 
 Mines in London, the Schools under the Science and Art Department, the Agricul- 
 tural College in the West of England— which I heartily hope will find imitators else- 
 where — are cases in point. They all start from the same leading idea, that if a young 
 man is to learn his business thoroughly, and if that business is one of a complicated 
 or difiicult nature, he will understand it best by being instructed in the theory of what 
 he is doing, instead of being left either to pick it up by chance, or to do without it 
 altogether, and work by rule of thumb exclusively. To rely on theory only, is like 
 trj'ing to swim on dry land — to rely on practice oiily, is like learning to swim by 
 jumping into the water without any one to show you what the attitude and motions of 
 
BIRKENHEAD SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND ART. 391 
 
 a swimmer should be. Now, so far as practice goes, we in England can liold our 
 own fairly with our neighbours ; but, if one may trust the reports of those who ought 
 to know best, the other part of English training is very scantily supplied. I was 
 reading the other day an interesting work, by Mr. Scott Russell, upon this subject, 
 published two years ago. He may, perhaps, overstate his case— I hope he does — but 
 it is not a pleasant statement for an Englishman to read. When we are told that, in 
 the Exhibition of 1867 at Paris, we, as a nation, were "beaten by some nation or 
 other on nearly all the points on which we had prided ourselves ' ' — that we were rivalled, 
 if not surpassed, even in such articles as steam-engines — that notwithstanding the 
 greater cost of material abroad, foreign work in iron and steel is imported here because 
 its quality can be more certainly and safely relied on — ^when one of the jurors at the 
 Exhibition of 1867 tells you that with regard to locomotives and railway works " our 
 former superiority, whether in material or workmanship, no longer exists " — when 
 Professor Franklin says in the different branches of chemical manufactui'e, his special 
 subject, "foreign superiority in training is more than counterbalancing the advantages 
 which this country possesses in raw material " — ^when these things are asserted on 
 what seems to be competent testimony — and I am only picking a few samples, almost 
 at random, out of a mass of evidence of the same kind which is on record — I think it 
 is impossible not to feel that, though some of these judgments as to the present and 
 apprehensions for the future may be exaggerated, they are, taken altogether, too 
 serious and too well vouched for to be treated with neglect. In matters of art espe- 
 cially this superiority of foreign, and particularly of French, industry is recognised. 
 One of those skilled witnesses who reported at the Paris Exhibition puts the case so 
 briefly and strongly that I must quote his words : — " The Frenchman's familiarity with 
 art, and his early training in its principles, enable him to outstrip us. You are at a 
 loss to know where they get all the art workmen ; but the difficulty would not appear 
 so great if you could read the large placards which are posted up in public places, 
 informing workmen where they can be taught drawing and modelling every evening 
 free of expense. If English workmen are behind in this respect, it is not because art 
 genius is deficient in our nature, but because it is not developed and encouraged suffi- 
 ciently. It is impossible to estimate the loss which is entailed upon England through 
 the neglect of art culture in every department of our industry, through which we are 
 reduced to be mere hewers of wood and drawers of water for other nations." And 
 what this witness says is substantially confirmed with hardly an exception — indeed, 
 with no exception of importance — by fifty others, similarly reporting on their own 
 branches of business. Now, this is for us a very serious matter. Our national pros- 
 perity, great as it is, rests on a more artificial basis than that of most countries. We 
 do not even feed our people from our own soil. America has its boundless territory ; 
 France has double our area and a better climate. These are advantages which cannot 
 be lost; but our national wealth is drawn mainly from trade and manufactures, and we 
 all know by the experience of Holland and the Italian republics of the middle ages — 
 not to go back to more remote dates — how these may pass from one country to 
 another. We can only keep them by successful competition with our neighbours ; 
 and it is not enough that we are not falling off, because, if we are even advancing, and 
 others at the same time are advancing more rapidly than we, that is to us a relative 
 although not a positive decline. I say then that the teaching of art and of science 
 too in its practical application— ^teaching not confined to a few great centres, but so 
 diffused as to reach the whole body of the artisan class if they choose to avail them- 
 selves of it — is one of the requirements of our time. How far that work should be 
 undertaken by the State and how far by private enterprise is a question on which I 
 need not enter. Abroad the State does everything; but we must bear in mind that 
 abroad large private fortunes are few, and the habit of giving freely out of private 
 means to public objects is not one encouraged by the conditions of society. It 16 a 
 mistake to copy servilely the arrangements of other countries, and I believe that the 
 combination of central help and central inspection on the one hand, with local and 
 individual initiative on the other, is for England in general the best. But that is a 
 question which the Legislature alone can settle. What I urge upon you now is, not 
 that technical education should be pushed on in this way rather than in that, but that 
 it should be pushed on in some fashion. When people really want a thing done, 
 they are not likely to quarrel long about the best way of doing it. I do not mean to 
 imply that nothing has been accomplished in this matter. That would be far from 
 the truth. We have at the present time in the United Kingdom about 187,000 per- 
 sons receiving instruction in drawing from certificated teachers, and the total income 
 of the various schools of art throughout the country is returned at nearly ^^38,000 for 
 the year ending 1S70. I cannot say that these figures taken by themselves seem very 
 
392 SONS AND. DAUGHTERS. 
 
 satisfactory. If you were to take the corresponding figures in almost any small German 
 State, they would probably require to be multiplied five or six fold at least in propor- 
 tion to population. But when we compare ourselves as we were— when we see that 
 the ;^38,ooo of 1870 were represented by less than ;f 27,000 in 1866, and that the 
 180,000 students were in 1866 only 105,000— we have evidence of growth and life and 
 progress for the time sufficiently rapid. The people of Lancashire live in a very busy 
 but not a very beautiful part of England. If the country continues to prosper, these 
 districts will be still busier and still less pleasant to see. More than half our popula- 
 tion now live in great towns, and these towns, I am afraid, are the ugliest as well as 
 the biggest in Europe. Now, can it be a good thing for generations to grow up, one 
 after another, seeing nothing, except on some rare holiday, save what is squalid, dirty, 
 and mean ? It seems to me absolute cruelty to give a man by artistic training a keen 
 sense and appreciation of natural beauty, and then to set him down to live in the 
 centre of— I will say even Liverpool, and still more of such places as'the great towns 
 on the coal-field. Is it a law of nature that things must always continue as they are 
 in this respect ? . I do not see it. The smoke -which obscures the sky, the chemicals 
 which destroy vegetation, the unlovely sights which in any one of these towns meet 
 you at every turn, are preventible evils, and preventible most of them at no very 
 great cost. There may be persons who think a question of this kind very trifling and 
 unpractical. I differ from them. All art imitates nature. If I were to look at it 
 from an artistic point of view only, I should not be very sanguine of your beiug 
 able to develop a real and a popular taste for art in places where natural beauty is 
 driven away and destroyed. That, however, is a very wide subject, and perhaps in 
 this part of the world it is rather a delicate subject. I leave it for others to dwell 
 upon if they choose ; meanwhile we shall all agree in wishing success to this School 
 of Art, and that the example set here may be widely followed. 
 
 Head Master, J. Bentley, Esq. 
 
 Birkeuliead School. — The Course of Studies is the same 
 generally as that carried on in the principal Public Schools, embracing 
 Divinity, Classics, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Modern Languages, 
 and Drawing, as well as all the necessary elements of Modern Enghsh 
 Education. New buildings, on a high and healthy site of four acres, 
 capable of receiving 250 Boys, have lately been opened. Boys in the 
 Lower School are required to pass through a regular course of elementary 
 Classical instruction before they can be promoted to the Upper School. 
 The latter is arranged in two Divisions, the Classical and the Modern, 
 both studying the same branches to a certain extent, but the former 
 working chiefly with a view to a University course ; the latter devoting 
 more time to the study of Mathematics and Modem Languages. It is 
 left to the option of a Boy's Parents to decide in which division he shall 
 be placed on being promoted to the Upper School. 
 
 Promotions are made by Examinations at the end of each Term. 
 Special Examiners from the University are invited by the Managers to 
 examine the School at the close of the Easter Term, when the Scholar- 
 ships are assigned and the Prizes distributed. 
 
 An Exhibition of not less than £,20 per annum, tenable for three 
 years, is offered for competition, annually, to Boys under nineteen years 
 of age proceeding to the University, who have passed two years at the 
 School. Three Scholarships (each equal in value to the remission of 
 School Fees for one year), subject to certain limitations of age and 
 standing in School, are awarded annually by Examination. 
 
 Fees.- — Under fourteen years of age, ;f7 iis. 6d. per Term ; upwards of fourteen, 
 £?i IIS. 6d. There are three Terms annually. Drawing, Singing Classes, Chemistry, 
 and Drilhng are Extras. Boarders are talcen by the Masters, from whom the charges 
 may be ascertained. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. J. T. Pearse, M.A. 
 
ROSS ALL SCHOOL. 393 
 
 Kossall School, near Fleetwood, Lancashire. — ^Visitor, the 
 Lord Bishop of Manchester. Founded in 1844, with the object of 
 giving Education to the Sons of Clergymen and others, similar to that 
 of the great Public Schools, but without the great cost of Eton cir 
 Harrow ; and also for imparting an especially general Course of Instruc- 
 tion in Modem Literature and Science. 
 
 Examinations, Exhibitions, and Prizes. — There are Public Exami- 
 nations in the School at Midsummer, conducted by Examiners selected 
 by the Council, in all subjects, but especially in Classics, Mathematics, 
 French, and German ; in History, at Easter ; and in English Literature 
 and Physical Science at Michaelmas ; in Divinity at Christmas. There 
 are Three Exhibitions of ;£^o a year, called the Council, Beechy, and 
 Osborne Exhibitions, tenable for three years at any College in Cam- 
 bridge or Oxford, and another at Michaelmas of £,\o a year in books, 
 tenable for three years, founded by Lord Egerton of Tatton. 
 
 In order to excite greater emulation in the Middle and Lower Schools, 
 a system of Competitive Examinations for Private Tuition was introduced 
 in February, 1863, and has been continued in every August and 
 February since. The successful Candidates will be entitled to receive 
 Private Tuition gratuitously in the evenings of the ensuing year, with 
 immediate promotion if his papers are beyond the average of the Class 
 above him. The Council have founded ten of these Tuition Scholar- 
 ships, of which five are vacated half-yearly. Seven Scholarships of £,20 
 a year have been founded by the munificence of a member of the 
 Council, and one of ;^2o a year founded by the Bishop of Rupert's 
 Land. 
 
 The Play-grounds are forty acres in extent, besides an almost un- 
 limited range of sands and sea-shore, and contain excellent cricket and 
 foot-ball grounds for all ages. The cottages are now used for new- 
 comers, or delicate lads, or those recently transferred from the Prepara- 
 tory School. There is a Swimming Bath 122 feet by 30, which is 
 warmed in the winter to summer heat by a Steam Engine, with a con- 
 tinual supply of Sea Water. Hot and cold water can be used at any 
 time. Swimming is taught all the year round, and the sea is available 
 during the Summer Months. A Gymnasium is available for the use of 
 the Boys under the superintendence of Drill Sergeants. The Library is 
 supplied with Periodicals, Newspapers, Chess-boards, Draughts, &c. It 
 is open to the School generally on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Boys' 
 Workshops are open daily, under the superintendence of the Clerk of 
 the Works. 
 
 Among the Special Departments, having in view the future welfare 
 of a large and increasing number of Pupils, the following Classes have 
 been established ; — 
 
 1. Military Class, in preparation for Woolwich, Sandhurst, and 
 direct Commission. Special Subjects: — Geometrical Drawing, Fortifi- 
 cation, Surveying. 
 
 2. Naval Class. — Special Subjects : — Navigation and Nautical Astro- 
 nomy. 
 
 3. Civil Service Class. — Special Subjects: — Prdcis Writing and 
 Book-keeping. 
 
 4. Civil Engineering Class. — Special Subjects: — Mensuration and 
 Surveying. 
 
394 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 5- Mercantile Class. — Special Subjects : — Book-keeping and Com- 
 mercial Correspondence. 
 
 A Preparatory School has been established by the Council to 
 prepare young Boys for the Rossall School. The house is situated 
 about a mile from Rossall, and placed under the charge of a married 
 Clergyman, subject to the general supervision of the Head Master of 
 Rossall. It is near the shore, and will accommodate, at present, 
 'twenty-nine Boys. The Council have built two Fives' Courts, and laid 
 (but part of the Play-ground for Cricket. There is also a house which 
 can be used as a Sanatorium, should occasion require. 
 
 Admission. — No Pupil is admitted under Seven years of age at the 
 Preparatory, nor at Rossall under Nine, nor above Fourteen, except 
 with special sanction of the Head Master. 
 
 Fees. — Pupils nominated by Donors pay, if Sons or dependent wards of Clergy- 
 men, £i,2 ; if Sons of Laymen, £a. Pupils not nominated pay, if Sons or dependent 
 wards of Clergymen, £\2 ; if Sons of Laymen, £(>i. A donation of 50 guineas 
 entitles the Donor to a single Nomination. A donation of 100 guineas constitutes the 
 donor a Life Governor, and entitles him to vote at all general meetings, and to have 
 always one Pupil in the School on his Nomination. There are the following addi- 
 tional charges : — Admission Fee, £2 •2s. ; Medical Attendance, £1 is. ; Baths, ^i is. ; 
 Chemistry (if learned), £1 is. ; Library (optional), £i is. ; Needle Room, los ; 
 Stationery, £1 is. ; Books ; Breakages. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. R. Henniker, M. A. 
 
 Edinburgh High School. — Under the Patronage of the Lord 
 Provost, Magistrates, and City Council. The date of the Founda- 
 tion is unknown; probably in the early part of the twelfth century. 
 At the time of the Reformation the " Grammar School of Edinburgh," 
 as it was then named, was under the control of the Canons of the Abbey 
 of Holyrood. In 1598, by the enlightened zeal of the Clergy and 
 Town Council, it was established on a more comprehensive plan ; and, 
 from the special patronage vouchsafed it by James VI., it received the 
 name which it still bears — Schola Regia Ediwburgensis. It has long 
 been at the head of the great Schools of Scotland. The subjects at first 
 taught in_ the School were few, being principally Classics. In recent 
 times various branches have been added, and in i866,~ the Patrons, 
 having had under their consideration the best method of making the 
 School in all respects capable of meeting the intellectual demands of tlie 
 country, resolved to carry out the following principles in the future 
 management of the School : — 
 
 I. That each teacher be appointed for a special department; that, for instance, a 
 teacher of Classics teach Classics and collateral branches only, and a teacher of Eng- ' 
 lish teach English and collateral branches only. The advantages of this principle are 
 patent. The teacher who confines himself to the teaching of Latin and Greek can 
 devote his whole energies to excellence in that department. He can give his undivided 
 powers to attain eminence himself in Classical literature, and he can study with 
 thoroughness the best modes of making his knowledge available for his pupils. In 
 like manner the teacher of English can give his undivided time and attention to the 
 study of the national language and literature, and can bring his scholarship to bear 
 upon the illustration of these important branches. 
 
 In harmony with this principle, the staff of the School consists of three Masters, 
 who give instruction in Classics alone — the Rector and two Classical Masters ; of 
 two English Masters, who teach English and Modem History and Geography ; of a 
 Mathematical Master, with Assistants, who teach Mathematics and Arithmetic only ; 
 of a teacher of Writing and Book-keeping, with Assistants; and of teachers - of 
 
EDINBURGH HIGH SCHOOL. 
 
 395 
 
 French, German, Hindustani, Drawing, Gymnastics, and Fortification. Lecturers on 
 Science also give lessons. 
 
 2. That a system of prescribed courses be established. It is not intended that these 
 courses shall be absolutely imperative. Attendance on the Latin and English classes 
 in the first four years, and on Latin alone in the fiffli and sixth, is absolutely impera- 
 tive. All other classes are optional. But it is desirable that all the pupils should 
 follow the prescribed courses ; pecuniary advantages accrue to those who take them, 
 and it is expected that reasons be assigned for departure from them. 
 
 3. That every department of knowledge fitted for training the mind should be used 
 in the school for that purpose, and that, therefore, the Natural Sciences be .employed 
 to educate. In harmony with this principle. Botany, Zoology, Natural Philosophy, 
 and Chemistry are made auxiliary to forming the mind. The utmost care is taken to 
 prevent these classes from falling into mere General Knowledge classes. They are 
 used to bring out those powers of the mind, such as observation and reasoning by 
 induction, which the Natural Sciences are best calculated to foster. ' ■^ 
 
 Course of Study. — The Curriculum is designed to extend over a 
 pe'riod of Six Years ; and the School is therefore divided into Six 
 Classes. The Educational work arranged for the progressive Classes 
 may be thus briefly summarised : — In the first three years the Course 
 of Instruction is the same for all. In the fourth the Pupil has a choice 
 either of carrying out more completely his English or his Classical 
 studies. In the fifth and sixth the arrangements are such that the 
 Pupils may be prepared for the University, for the Artillery and Engineer 
 competitions, or for the Indian Civil Service Examination. The Teacher 
 of Engineering is a trained Engineer, both Civil and Mining, and he has 
 had considerable experience in the practice of both Departments. The 
 School is recognised by Government, as one in which gentlemen may be 
 prepared for Civil Engineer appointments under Government in India 
 and the Colonies. There is also a Special Class taught by the Rector, 
 for reading the most difficult Greek authors, such as Pindar and ^schylus, 
 and for Greek composition. The object of this Class is to fit for the 
 Indian Civil Service, and to help old Pupils in Competitions for 
 University Scholarships, Ferguson Scholarships, or similar rewards 
 of learning. 
 
 Quarterly Examinations are held, the Standards of Examination being 
 adapted to the different stages of advancement, and Prizes, consisting 
 of Gold and Silver Medals, and Books, are awarded. There is an 
 extensive Library, a Museum, a spacious Play-ground, and a Cricket- 
 ground in the Queen's Park. 
 
 Admission. — Boys are admitted from the age of eight years and up- 
 wards. Pupils may join the School at any stage of progress. They are 
 then examined by the Rector, and placed in the Class which appears 
 most suitable to their degree of advancement. 
 
 The Holidays extend from the Exhibition Day to the ist of October, 
 when the School reassembles, and when the First or Elementary Class 
 is formed. 
 
 TABLE OF FEES PAYABLE QUARTERLY. 
 
 Prescribed Courses. 
 
 First Class . 
 
 • £^ 2 
 
 
 
 Second 
 
 2 10 
 
 
 
 Third Class 
 
 2 IS 
 
 
 
 Fourth Class 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Fifth Class . 
 
 • 3 S 
 
 
 
 Sixth Class . 
 
 3 S 
 
 
 
 lMPERj»TnrE. 
 
 First Class for Latin and 
 English .... 
 
 Second Class do. . 
 
 Third Class do. . 
 
 Fourth Class do. . 
 
 For Latin in Rector's Class 
 
 For Latin and English in 
 Rector's Class . 
 
 ^i 12 
 
 I IS 
 I 10 
 
3q6 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Optional. 
 
 Greek £o \z (> 
 
 French, every day . . o 12 6 
 
 French, two or three hours 
 
 a week . . . . o 10 o 
 
 German, every day . . 0126 
 
 German, two or three hours 
 
 a week . . . . o 10 o 
 o 12 6 
 o 12 6 
 o 10 o 
 0:00 
 
 Optional Branches. 
 Drawing, — Figure, Land- 
 scape, Architectural, and 
 Perspective :— 
 
 Two hours a week . £^0 10 6 
 Four hours a week . o 15 o 
 
 Fencing, Broadsword, and 
 Gymnastics : — 
 
 One hour a week . o 10 6 
 
 Fortification and Civil and 
 Mining Engineering, for 
 three hours a week . 
 
 Hindustani, for three hours 
 a week .... 
 
 Mathematics 
 Book-keeping 
 Arithmetic , 
 Writing 
 
 If any of these subjects be taken in 
 addition to the prescribed course, the 
 Pupil pays 5s. for each branch. 
 
 Matriculation, 5s. per annum, payable at entry, for Library, Maps, Models, &c. 
 Pupils not attending other Classes in the School will be admitted to the Classes of the 
 French, German, and Mathematical Masters in the prescribed course, provided these 
 classes do not number more than seventy. 
 
 Boarders are received by the Rector, 20, Great King Street, and the following 
 Masters : — Mr.JOHN Carmichael, 8, Picardy Place ; Mr. Macdonald, 9, Chalmers 
 Crescent, Grange; Mr. Munn, Gayfield House; Mr. Macmillan, i5, Buccleuch 
 Place ; Monsieur Schneider, NeuchStel ViUa, Grange Road» 
 
 Rector, Dr. Donaldson. 
 
 Glasgow High. Scliool. — Under the Patronage of the Lord 
 Provost, the Magistrates, and City Council. Affords a very liberal 
 Education at the smallest possible cost. There are Two Departments : 
 I. Language and Literature. 2. Science and Art. In the First there 
 are Latin and Greek, French and German, and English Classes. In,the 
 Second there are Arithmetical, Mathematical, Geographical, Drawing, 
 and Science Classes. The Departments are divided into numerous 
 Classes, leading through to progressive attainments, as First Latin, 
 Second Latin, Third Latin, &c. Parents and Guardians may select 
 such studies as they deem most advantageous for the Pupil, without 
 being compelled to enrol him in all Departments or Classes. 
 
 Pupils are prepared to compete for Honours in the Universities of 
 Glasgow, Edinburgh, and St. Andrews ; and there are Public Class 
 Prizes awarded, not merely upon proof of Scholarship, but with regard to 
 diligence, good conduct, and regularity of attendance. 
 
 Institutional Certificates, signed by the Lord Provost and Con- 
 vener, will be conferred on those Pupils who attend three Sessions in 
 the Classical Department, three in the English, two in that of Foreign 
 Languages, three in the Arithmetical Department, two in the Writing 
 Department, and one in that of Drawing and Painting ; but no Pupil 
 can be considered as having completed the Course of Education which 
 the High School affords unless he has passed through the Highest 
 Classes of each Department. 
 
 Fees. — Per Quarter : Latin, iss. ; Latin and Greek, 20s. ; Latin, with Classical 
 History and Geography, 2Qs. ; French, 13s. 6d. ; German, 15s. ; Reading, Religious 
 Knowledge, &c., iss. ; Geography, 10s. 6d. ; Arithmetic, 12s. 6d. ; Mathematics, 
 Junior, 15s.; Senior, 21s. ; Writing, 13s. 6d ; Book-keeping, 21s. (per Course of two 
 Quarters) ; Drawing, ids. 6d., 15s., or^i is. Private Classes : Drawing and Water- 
 Colour, ;f3 3s. ; Oil, ;^s 5s. per Course. Zoology, Geology, and Botany, 5s. per 
 quarter. Fencing, Gymnastics, and Drill, 15s.; Gymnastics and Drill, 12s. 6d; 
 DriU only, Ss. Every Pupil pays an annual Entrance Fee of 2s. 6d. to the Janitor. 
 
 Convener, Bailie Salmon, 
 
DUBLIN HIGH SCHOOL. 397 
 
 High School of the Bwart Institute, Newton-Stewart.— 
 Founded as a Public School, to afford to Families of the Upper 
 and Middle Classes the advantages of a Classical, Mathematical, and 
 Commercial Education of the First Class, at a moderate expense, the 
 whole amount of the Endowment being saved to Parents by the 
 reduction of Fees. The Course of Instruction is such as to prepare for 
 the Universities, the Examinations for the Public Service, orthe pursuits 
 of General Business ; and the organisation of the School provides that 
 each Pupil shall receive special instruction and superintendence every 
 hour of the day, and have the whole of his work examined by the Prin- 
 cipal. French and German are spoken regularly. In the Upper 
 Department of the School, Written Examinations are held monthly, and 
 the written papers are transmitted to the Parents of the Pupils. Hitherto, 
 the whole body of the Pupils in this Department have passed through 
 the course of study prescribed for the Local Examinations of the Uni- 
 versities of Edinburgh and Oxford, and over nine-tenths of them have 
 passed these Examinations. The one-tenth not examined and passed 
 receive the whole of the same instruction. 
 
 The Studies of the Upper Class will in future include Special Prepara- 
 tion for the many Civil Service Appointments lately thrown open to 
 National Competition. 
 
 There is easy communication by rail. The cHmate of Newton-Stewart 
 is remarkably mild and salubrious, and the neighbourhood beautiful. 
 The Institute itself is the finest Educational Edifice in the South of 
 Scotland, and the accommodation for Boarders excellent, including well- 
 lighted and ventilated Private Dormitories, excellent Swimming and 
 other Baths, &c. The Hospital Cottage has never been used as such, 
 not having been at all required, as the health of the Pupils has been 
 almost perfect, while their grpwth and physical development have been 
 greatly above average. 
 
 The Institute includes a Seminary for the Education of Young 
 Ladies, conducted by the Principal and Masters, assisted by accom- 
 phshed and experienced Governesses. The Course of Instruction in 
 this department embraces Instrumental and Vocal Music, Drawing, 
 Modern Languages, and other accomplishments. Approved Lodgings 
 or Board can be procured for Young Lady Pupils from a distance, whose 
 evening preparations are carefully directed by the Head Master and his 
 Assistants. 
 
 Fees. — The Tuition Fees vary from £i^ 4s. to £10 los. per annum. Boarders, 
 including Tuition, from £^0 to £(10 per annum. No Extras, excepting the Pianoforte. 
 The Head Master receives a limited number of Private Boarders, to whom he gives 
 Private Tuition, in addition to the Course of Studies in the Classes of the Institute. 
 
 Head Master, John St. Clair, Esq. 
 
 Dublin High School. — Founded in 1870, out of the revenues 
 of Erasmus Smith's Estate. Situated in extensive premises in Har- 
 court Street, adapted to the use of the Classes by the addition of a 
 Hall and various School-rooms. There is a fine Library, containing a 
 large stock of books of reference. The Governors are the leading 
 Clergy and Laymen of Ireland. The instruction is on an English and 
 Scientific basis, great stress being laid on Modem Languages ; there is 
 also a branch for teaching Latin and Greek. No boy is admitted under 
 
398 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 nine years of age. The hours of attendance are from half-past nine till 
 three o'clock, an interval from twelve till half-past twelve o'clock being 
 allowed for recreation in the grounds attached to the Schools. The 
 Endowment having been left for religious purposes, the Schools are 
 opened daily with prayer, and the Scriptures are regularly taught. 
 
 Fees. — General Course,;^; ; Latin and Greek (joint fee),;^3^ French and Ger- 
 man, ditto, £z; Advanced Mathematics, £■}, ; Engineering, ;^4 ; Natural Sciences, 
 £2 ; Drawing, ^^3 ; Stationery, los. ; Library, 5s. 
 
 Principal, Rev. S. F. Cresswell, M.A. 
 
 Eoyal Schools, Ireland. — There are Five Royal Schools, viz., 
 Armagh, Cavan, Dungannon, Enniskillen, and Tipperary. They 
 were founded by Charles I., and large tracts of the forfeited lands of 
 Ulster were appropriated to their maintenance. They were founded 
 chiefly with the view of educating the Sons of British and Scotch Settlers 
 in Ireland. The general Tuition embraces the English, French, Latin, 
 and Greek Languages ; Logic, Mathematics, History, Geography, 
 Writing and Arithmetic, Composition, and Poetry. 
 
 The Commissioners of Education in Ireland have founded Thirty 
 Exhibitions, called Royal Scholarships, for Students who shall enter 
 Trinity College, Dublin, from the Royal Schools. The Scholarships 
 are thus apportioned : Five of ;£so per annum each for Armagh School ; 
 Five of £,^0 and Five of £,2,0 per annum each, for each of the Schools 
 of Dungannon and Enniskillen; and Five of £,2^^ per annum each for 
 Cavan School. The Scholarships are awarded upon Examination, and 
 are tenable for five years from the time of their being obtained. 
 
 These Scholarships can be obtained by such Students only as have been 
 at least three years in all, previously to their entrance into Trinity 
 College, Pupils in some one or other of the Royal Schools. It is not, 
 however, hereby intended to prevent Pupils from moving from one of 
 them to another; but the Scholarships founded for the respective 
 Schools of Armagh, Dungannon, Enniskillen, and Cavan, can be 
 obtained only by Students who have entered the University from the 
 Schools for which such Scholarships have been founded. 
 
 Students when appointed to these Scholarships may retain them for 
 five years from the time of their election ; provided that, proceeding 
 regularly with their respective Classes, they obtain in each year of their 
 Undergraduate Course one Honour of the^ First Rank, or two Honours 
 of the Second Rank ; the Election itself to one of these Scholarships 
 being reckoned as equivalent to one Honour of the Second Rank, 
 obtained in the Junior Freshman year. A Moderatorship obtained in 
 the Senior Sophister year,— a Scholarship, in whatever year obtained, — 
 the Berkeley Gold Medal, — ^^the Lloyd Exhibition, — the Wray Prize, — 
 success in the First Indian Civil Service (competitive) Examination, — 
 success at the Woolwich Entrance Examination, will rank as Univer- 
 sity Honours of the First Class. Obtaining a Respondency— Success at 
 any of the subsequent Indian Civil Service Examinations — ^will rank as 
 a University Honour of the Second Rank. 
 
 Fees. — The Fees for Tuition and Board at Cavan School are 40 guineas per 
 annum. Entrance, £■>, 3s. There are no extras. A limited number of Private Pupils 
 are received from 60 to 100 guineas per annum. The expenses of the other Royal 
 Schools are probably about the same amount. 
 
 Communicdtions to The Master of each School. 
 
POSTAL AND SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH INSTITUTION. 399 
 
 Electric Telegraph School, 24, City Road, London. — ^The 
 rapid development of the Telegraphic System throughout the world has 
 created a proportionate demand for the services of skilled operators at 
 home and abroad. The new occupation is pecuUar in this respect, that 
 it offers remunerative Employment to both sexes, and that skilful mani- 
 pulators, possessed of a fair amount of preliminary education, cannot 
 fail to obtain appointments. In fact, from the continued extension of 
 the Telegraphic System, and the necessary promotion of beginners to 
 the more responsible offices, the demand for skilled operators must long 
 continue in excess of the supply. 
 
 The Electric Telegraph School is designed to facilitate the obtain- 
 ment of Appointments by creating skilled Applicants, prepared at once 
 to enter upon the active duties in which they seek to be engaged. 
 
 All the Systems taught, amongst which are those of Cooke and 
 Wheatstone's needle, and Professor Morse's Printing, and Sir W. Thom- 
 son's Reflecting Mirror, as used by the Submarine Companies. For 
 those who have in prospect superior Appointments, special arrangements 
 are made for instruction in the higher branches of the subject. Special 
 arrangements are made for teaching the use of Sir W. Thomson's new 
 Siphon Recording Instruments. 
 
 A Lady Superintendent directs the Ladies' Department of the 
 School, which is separate from that of the Males. 
 
 Fees. — Ladies, ;f 3 3s. ; Gentlemen, Home Sei-vice, ;^5 5s. ; Foreign Service, 
 ;^lo los. For Pupils requiring private instruction in the higher branches, ;^I5 15s. 
 Board and residence for Pupils from the country may be obtained at from l6s. 
 weekly. 
 
 Manager, T. Evans Lundy. 
 
 Postal and Submarine Telegraph Institution, 123 to 
 
 125, New Kent Road, London. — Since the opening of this Institution 
 upwards of 550 Pupils have been instructed in the science and art of 
 Telegraphy, who are now holding lucrative appointments both at Home 
 and on Foreign Stations. No expense has been spared in the selection 
 of the necessary Scientific Instruments, and the services of experienced 
 Instructors have been procured. 
 
 The Systems taught are Varley's, Sand's, Cooke and Wheatstone's 
 Single Needle, Bright's Acoustic Bells, Professor Morse's Printing 
 (Inkers, Sounders, and Embossers), and Sir W. Thomson's Mirror 
 (Reflecting Galvanometer), as used by the Trans-Atlantic, Indo-European, 
 Anglo-Mediterranean, and all other Submarine Companies, with the use 
 of the Galvanometer for Testing Cables, Overland Wires, Batteries, In- 
 struments, &c. 
 
 There are separate offices for Ladies, under the supervision of a 
 Female Superintendent. 
 
 Fees. — Ladies, ;^3 3s. ; Gentlemen, for the Home Service, ^^5 5s. ; for Foreign 
 Service, ;^8 8s. These payments provide for three hours' daUy instruction for three 
 months, in which time a Pupil of ordinary capacity may become qualified for employ- 
 ment. Special Instruction to qualify for the higher appointments provided at an 
 inclusive charge oi£\z 12s. Arrangements may be made for Resident Pupils, upon 
 application to the Principal 
 
 Principal, F. R. Francis, T.E. 
 
40O SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Army Hegulatious, under Her Majesty's Warrant, dated 
 October 30, 1 87 1 . — Direct Commissions in the Army are henceforward to 
 be given under six different categories. There is to be a perfectly open 
 Competitive Examination in General Subjects. Candidates who 
 have passed Responsions at Oxford, or the Previous Examinations at 
 Cambridge, or the corresponding Examinations at any other Univer- 
 sity in the United Kingdom, are eligible for First Appointments. The 
 Queen's Cadets and the Indian Cadets, Sons of distinguished Officers, 
 and the Queen's Pages of Honour, are to be eligible for selection, 'but 
 must undergo a professional Examination, as will also the Non-com- 
 missioned Officers. The rank of Ensign is to be abolished, and that of 
 Sub-Lieutenant substituted. 
 
 I. — First Appointments. — Sub-Lieutenants. 
 
 r. A commission as Sub-Lieutenant in our Army may be given : — 
 
 (a.) To a successful Candidate at a Competitive Examination in 
 General Subjects, to be held under such regulations as may be 
 issued from time to time by our Secretary of State ; 
 
 (b) To a Student from the University of Oxford, Cambridge, Durham, 
 London, Dublin, Edinburgh, St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen, 
 or the Queen's University, Ireland, who has passed " Respon- 
 sions " at Oxford, the " Previous Examination " at Cambridge, 
 or the corresponding Examination at the other Universities — 
 under such regulations with respect to the age and manner of 
 selection of such Candidates as may be issued from time to 
 time by our Secretary of State ; 
 
 (^.) To our Cadets, styled "Queen's Cadets;" to those styled "In- 
 dian Cadets ;" and to our Pages of Honour. These Cadets 
 and Pages of Honour shall pass such a qualifying Examina- 
 tion in General Subjects as may be fixed from time to time by 
 our Secretary of State ; 
 
 (;/.) To a Non-commissioned Officer who is recommended for pro- 
 motion by our Commander-in-Chief, and who shall pass such 
 a Professional Examination as may be fixed from time to time 
 by our Secretary of State. 
 
 2. Sub-Lieutenants, in order to qualify for the rank of Lieutenant, 
 shall be required to serve satisfactorily for twelve months with one of 
 our Regiments, and after such service (except in the case of Non-com- 
 missioned Officers promoted to be Sub-Lieutenants) to go through such 
 a Course of Study, and to pass such a Professional Examination, as may 
 be fixed from time to time by our Secretary of State. 
 
 3. Sub-Lieutenants shall be removed from our service for moral or 
 physical unfitness, or if they fail to pass satisfactorily through tire pre- 
 scribed Course of Study. They shall, except in the case of Non- 
 commissioned Officers promoted to be Sub-Lieutenants, be required to 
 pass the Professional Examination for the rank of Lieutenant within 
 three years, failing to do which they shall be removed from our service. 
 Their time for retirement on full or half-pay shall be reckoned from the 
 date of their commissions as Lieutenants ; and in fixing the date of 
 such commissions, such portion of their service as Sub-Lieutenants may 
 be allowed as their conduct and qualifications may merit according to 
 regulations to be issued from time to time by our Secretary of State. 
 
ARMY REGULATIONS. 401 
 
 4. Sub-Lieutenants appointed to a Cavalry regiment who are not 
 qualified for service in the Cavalry may be transferred to the Infantry. 
 
 Appointment from the Militia. 
 
 5. A Commission as Lieutenant in our Army may be given to a 
 Lieutenant of one of our Regiments of Militia under such regulations as 
 to age or otherwise as may be issued from time to time by our Secretary 
 of State. The Officer shall pass a Professional Examination similar to 
 that which will be required of a Sub-Lieutenant in our Army before he 
 receives a Commission as Lieutenant. 
 
 IL — Promotion. Lieutenants. 
 
 6. A Sub-Lieutenant in our Army may receive a Commission as 
 Lieutenant— 
 
 {a.) If he has been promoted to the rank of Sub-Lieutenant from the 
 rank of Non-commissioned Officer— after a satisfactory service 
 of not less than twelve months as a Sub-Lieutenant ; 
 
 {b.) In the case of other Sub-Lieutenants — ^after a satisfactory service 
 of not less than twelve months with one of our Regiments, 
 and after having gone through a Course of Study and passed a 
 Professional Examination, as laid down in Article 2. 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 7. A qualified Lieutenant shall be eligible for promotion to the rank 
 of Captain after two years' service in our Army. In the case of Officers 
 entering our Army after the 26th August, 187 1, this service shall date 
 from the date of their Commissions as Lieutenants ; in the case of other 
 Officers from the date of their first Commissions. 
 
 MAJORS. 
 
 8. A qualified Captain shall be eligible for promotion to the rank of 
 Major after six years' service in our Army. In the case of Officers 
 entering our Army after the 26th August, 1871, this service shall date 
 from the date of their Commissions as Lieutenants ; in the case of other 
 Officers from the date of their first Commissions. 
 
 LIEUTENANT-COLONELS. 
 
 9. A qualified Officer holding the substantive rank of Major shall be 
 eligible for promotion to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. 
 
 GENERAL RULES. 
 
 10. Every promotion shall be made upon the recommendation of our 
 Commander-in-Chief, with the approval of our Secretary of State. 
 
 1 1. Succession to vacancies shall be regulated as follows : 
 {a.) If a vacancy shall arise — 
 
 (i.) By the promotion of an Officer to the rank of Major-General, 
 
 {2.) By the death of an Officer, 
 
 (3.) By an Officer becoming supernumerary under Article zi, or 
 
 (4.) By an Officer being promoted to fill a vacancy in another 
 Regiment or Corps, 
 the promotions in the several ranks necessary to fill the 
 vacancy shall, unless it shall be expedient that the vacancies 
 
 D D 
 
402 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 be otherwise filled, be given to the senior qualified Officer 
 of each lower rank in the Regiment or Corps, except in the 
 case of promotion to be Lieutenant-Colonel, in which case 
 the vacancy shall be filled by a qualified Officer to be selected 
 by our Commander-in-Chief with the approval of our Secre- 
 tary of State ; 
 if)) If a vacancy shall arise from any other cause, it shall be filled by 
 a qualified Officer of our Army who shall be selected by our 
 Commander-in-Chief with the approval of our Secretary of 
 State. 
 
 12. No selection shall be made in succession to any vacancy caused 
 by the retirement of an Officer until such retirement shall have been 
 completed and shall have appeared in the London Gazette. 
 
 13. Officers below the rank of Field Officer shall not be recom- 
 mended to us for promotion unless they shall have previously passed 
 such Professional Examination as may be fixed from time to time by our 
 Secretary of State. Officers serving with their Regiments at distant 
 foreign stations may be provisionally promoted to vacancies previous to 
 passing such Examination, but such promotion shall be cancelled should 
 the Officer fail in his Examination. Captains now in our service may 
 be appointed Majors without Examination, if specially reported to and 
 approved by our Commander-in-Chief as having proved their efficiency 
 for the rank of Major. 
 
 r4. Lieutenants shall be required to pass the Professional Exami- 
 nation for the rank of Captain within five years of the date of their 
 commission as Lieutenants, failing to do which they shall be removed 
 from our service, and may receive a sum not exceeding one year's pay, 
 provided that, in cases of exigericy, our Secretary of State may enlarge 
 the time allowed for their Examination. Officers now in our Service 
 who received their first Commissions before the 26th day of August, 
 187 1, shall not be liable to the provisions of this article. 
 
 III. — Tenure of Appointments of Major and Lieutenant-Colonel 
 IN a Regiment. 
 
 15. The appointment of a Major in a Regiment or Battalion shall, 
 in the case of Officers so appointed after the date of this Warrant, be 
 held in the first instance for five years, the Officer being ehgible for 
 reappointment. If not reappointed, he shall receive half-pay. 
 
 16. The appointment of Lieutenant-Colonel of a Regiment or Bat- 
 talion shall, in the case of Officers so appointed after the date of this 
 Warrant, be held in the first instance for five years, and may be renewed 
 if it appear to ouj Commander-in-Chief, with the approval of our Secre- 
 tary of State, that such renewal is desirable for the good of our service. 
 If the Officer be not reappointed, he shall receive half-pay. 
 
 IV. — Royal Artillery and Engineers. 
 
 17. The foregoing articles of this Warrant, viz.. Articles i to 16, shall 
 not apply to our Royal Artillery or Royal Engineers. 
 
 V. — Exchanges. 
 
 18. Subject to the sanction of our Commander-in-Chief, Officers of 
 equal substantive rank on full pay, serving in our Cavalry, Infantry of 
 
ARMY REGULATIONS. 403 
 
 the Line, and Colonial Corps, and Officers (below the substantive rank 
 of Field Officer) in our Indian Staff Corps, may exchange from one 
 Regiment or Corps to another, and Officers of equal substantive rank 
 on full pay serving in Brigades of Royal Artillery, in Companies of 
 Royal Engineers, or in Regiments of more than one Battalion, may 
 exchange from one Brigade, Company of Royal Engineers, or Battalion, 
 to another ; providing that the Commanding Officers of the Officers 
 exchanging certify that the desired exchange does not originate in any 
 cause affecting the honour, character, or professional efficiency of the 
 Officers, and provided also that a Certificate of a Military Medical 
 Officer be transmitted in each case, declaring that the Officer is in a fit 
 state to serve at the station where the Corps, Brigade, Battalion, or 
 Company into which he applies to exchange is quartered. Each Officer 
 shall also declare that it is his bond, fide intention to join immediately 
 and do duty in the Corps, Brigade, Battalion, or Company, to which he 
 proposes to exchange; and no Officer shall be permitted to retire within 
 six months of the date of his exchange, excepting in the case of ill- 
 health or other emergency, which shall be specially considered. 
 
 19. An Officer so exchanging shall be permitted to defray all fair and 
 reasonable expenses incurred through such exchange by the Officer with 
 whom he exchanges, provided that the sum to be paid be approved by 
 our Commander-in-Chief before payment is made. 
 
 20. An Officer exchanging into a Regiment shall be placed, for regi- 
 mental seniority, below all Officers holding the same regimental rank at 
 the time of his exchange. 
 
 VI. — Supernumerary Officers. 
 
 21. An Officer may be retained on the strength of his Regiment or 
 Corps as a supernumerary — 
 
 ist. In case of a reduction in the establishment of a Regiment or 
 Corps when his retention is authorised by our Secretary of 
 State ; 
 2nd. If, in the case of a Field Officer belonging to a Regiment or 
 Battalion serving in India, he be appointed to a Brigade com- 
 mand, or to a Staff situation in that country, tenable by a 
 Regimental Officer for the usual period of five years ; 
 3rd. When appointed to be — 
 {a.) Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster-General in a substantive 
 
 Major ; 
 {b.) Professor, Instructor, or other Officer on the establishment of 
 our Royal Military College, Royal Mihtary Academy, or 
 Staff College ; 
 {c.) Garrison Instructor, Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General for 
 Musketry, Captain Instructor or Lieutenant Instructor of 
 Musketry ; 
 ((/.) Adjutant in a Regiment or Corps of our auxiliary forces ; 
 Or to hold such other appointments as may be fixed from time to 
 time by our Secretary of State with the approval of the 
 Lords Commissioners of our Treasury. 
 22. An Officer supernumerary to the establishment of his Regiment 
 or Corps shall retain his military position and be eligible for promotion 
 
 D D 2 
 
404 SOJ\rS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 precisely as if he had remained on the active list of such Regiment or 
 Corps. 
 
 23. A supernumerary Officer under Article 21, on being promoted to 
 a Lieutenant-Colonelcy or Majority in a Regiment or Corps, shall join 
 the Regiment or Corps to which he may be promoted. 
 
 24. A supernumerary Officer who completes the term of service fixed 
 for his appointment, or resigns it on satisfactory grounds, shall rejoin his 
 Regiment as supernumerary in his rank, except in the case of a substan- 
 tive Major, who shall receive half-pay until absorbed, retaining his 
 regimental position. 
 
 25. A supernumerary Officer who resigns his appointment on unsatis- 
 factory grounds, or is displaced therefrom for misconduct or incapacity, 
 unless he be removed from our Army, shall . receive a reduced rate of 
 half-pay of such amount and for such period as our Secretary of State 
 may decide, taking into consideration the length and character of the 
 services rendered by the Officer. 
 
 26. If a supernumerary Officer shall die, be promoted, or retire, or if 
 an Officer of the rank in which there is a supernumerary Officer waiting 
 absorption under Article 24 shall die, be promoted, or retire, no promo- 
 tion shall take place in succession to such vacancy. 
 
 27. Cases of reduction of establishment shall be specially considered, 
 and such arrangements made for the gradual absorption of super- 
 numerary Officers as may be approved by the Lords Commissioners of 
 our Treasury. 
 
 VII.^ — Provisional Arrangements. 
 
 28. Cornets and Ensigns in our Army appointed before the 26th day 
 of August, 1871, and Cornets and Ensigns in our Army appointed after 
 such date who passed from our Royal MiHtary College on the A list, 
 may be promoted at once to the rank of Lieutenant. No greater 
 number of Lieutenants than that allowed by the establishment which 
 may be fixed for the year shall receive Lieutenant's pay ;, and no Officer 
 shall receive such pay until he shall have passed the Examination 
 required by the existing regulations for the rank of Lieutenant. 
 
 29. Other Cornets and Ensigns in our Army, appointed after the 
 26th day of August, 1871, Candidates who have passed the Examination 
 for Direct Commissions before the date of this our Warrant, Candidates 
 for Commissions in the Household Cavalry and Foot Guards, who are 
 nominated to fill the vacancies which occur in such Regiments previous 
 to the date of the first Competitive Examination for Sub-Lieutenants, 
 and who pass a qualifying Examination, and Candidates from the 
 Universities now on the list of our Commander-in-Chief, may receive 
 Commissions as Sub-Lieutenants. 
 
 30. Such Sub-Lieutenants as have passed satisfactorily through a 
 Course of Study at our Royal Military College may be promoted to the 
 rank of Lieutenant after twelve months' satisfactory service with one of 
 our Regiments. 
 
 By Her Majesty's command, EDWARD CARDWELL. 
 
 *** The Explanatory Memorandum to accompany the Royal 
 Warrant, and the Royal Warrants respecting the Staff College and 
 the Control Department, will be found in the Appendix. 
 
UNIONS OF INSTITUTIONS. 435 
 
 District TTnions of Educational Institutions. — In Con- 
 nection WITH THE Society of Arts. — The Union of Institutions 
 was established in May, 1852, and at present comprises several Dis- 
 tricts, and a large, number of Literary and Scientific Institutions, 
 Athen.«:ums, Mechanics' Institutions, People's Colleges and 
 Clubs, Philosophical Societies, &c., in the United Kingdom and the 
 Colonies. 
 
 Aldershot and Farnham District Association (2 Institutions) ; 
 Hon. Secretary, Mr. Henry Poppleton, College Boarding School, Farn- 
 ham. 
 
 East Lancashire Union of Institutions (20 Institutions and 
 Evening Schools) ; Hon. Sec, Mr. John Sutherland, Burnley; Assistant 
 Sec, Mr. T. W. Shore, Burnley. 
 
 Lancashire and Cheshire Union of Institutes (124 Institutions); 
 Hon. Secretary, Dr. R. M. Pankhurst, Manchester; Visiting Agent, 
 Mr. Thomas Lawton, 3, St. James's Chambers, South King Street, Man- 
 chester. 
 
 South Staffordshire Association ; Secretary, Mr. F. Talbot, 
 Smethwick, Birmingham. 
 
 Worcester Union of Educational Institutes (28 Institutions 
 and 12 Evening Schools) ; President, J. S. Pakington, Esq.; Secretary, 
 Mr. F. Marcus, Worcester. 
 
 Yorkshire Union of Mechanics' Institutions (130 Institutions). 
 Most of the Institutions are also connected with the Government 
 Science and Art Department, and th^re is thus provided through- 
 out the Kingdom a wide and influential organisation for the education 
 of the Artisan and Middle Classes. The movement extends even to the 
 smaller towns and hamlets, Village Libraries, Reading Rooms, Lectures, 
 and Evening Schools receiving aid in various ways for the promotion of 
 their praiseworthy objects. Examinations are held, Prizes and Certifi- 
 cates awarded, and die Institutional Examinations are generally pre- 
 paratory to Examinations in connection with the Universities, or the 
 superior Competitions of the Society of Arts and the Government 
 Educational Department. A full List of Institutions, Schools, and 
 Classes in operation for Educational purposes will be found in the 
 Appendix. 
 
 At the opening of the new building -erected for the Bradford 
 Mechanics' Institution, the Bishop of Exeter thus spoke upon the 
 
 ADVANTAGES OF MECHANICS' INSTITUTIONS, AND THE 
 PROPOSED CHANGES IN ENDOWED SCHOOLS. 
 
 His Lordship said : — 
 
 Although he was but a boy when first Mechanics' Institutes were established, he 
 could well remember the opprobrium that was showered upon them on the one side, 
 and the high hopes that were entertained on the other. He could well remember 
 how many even really good and some wise men looked upon them with real alarm, 
 fearing that they would do mischief ; fearing that they would puff up the minds of 
 those who belonged to them with a conceit of knowledge, without the quality ; fearing 
 that they would eventually lead to harm. He could remember, too, how some 
 cherished hopes, which seemed to be ridiculously exaggerated, that by their means 
 science and literature would penetrate to the lowest depths of society, and that 
 even working men would study science or literature in their leisure hours, and give 
 themselves to the labour necessary to become accomplished scholars. He could also 
 remember, as time went on, how at first it seemed that the alarms on the one side 
 
4o6 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 were to be dissipated, not by the success of these Institutions in doing what it was 
 hoped they would do, but in their entire failure to do anything at all ; and in how 
 many instances the high hopes of the original promoterswere disappointed, and their 
 enthusiasm damped by seeing that very often indeed the means which they had taken 
 to spread knowledge had no such effect as they expected ; how they found that a 
 large number of those to whom they hoped to give advantages were quite unable to 
 accept them, and that the measures they had taken were unsuited to bring tiiose 
 advantages within their jeach. In many cases Mechanics' Institutes were either 
 closed because they were found to be practically useless, or they degenerated into 
 mere places of amusement, where men were gathered together eveiy now and then 
 to listen to some amusing lecture from somebody who had a great deal to say, but 
 who, after all, had nothing to teach. It was hard to persevere in spite of those 
 obstacles, in spite of opprobrium and scorn, even though they might think in their 
 own hearts that the opprobrium and scom were altogether undeserved ; but harder 
 was it to persevere, in spite of their own mistakes and failures, and still to go on, 
 because they had a conviction that, although they might have missed the road at first, 
 yet the goal might be reached. That must have been done in Bradford. There must 
 have been, in spite of many difficulties, a deep conviction in the minds of its friends 
 that knowledge somehow was within their reach, and that they must at all costs reach 
 it. There must have been a dogged determination, which more than any other 
 quality seemed to win the most important victories, before they could have done all 
 that they had done. Therefore it was to one who had the cause of enlightenment 
 and education fclosely at heart, and to himself, a source of the deepest satisfaction to 
 have witnessed the ceremony of that morning. 
 
 Mechanics' Institutes, as it seemed to him, had an ampler field and a nobler task 
 than they had ever had before. Nay, rather, now, for the first time, there was some 
 chance that they might be able to do that which they originally hoped, but had not 
 hitherto been able, except in some very small measure, to attain. He purposed, 
 therefore, at some little length to state what, in his opinion, was the part which those 
 Institutes ought now to take. The subject was of necessity difficult and complicated. 
 All work that was worth doing brought with it many debatable questions, and ques- 
 tions about which the best and wisest men might differ. He might be allowed to 
 take his cue from what Mr. Forster said ; it suited the subject on which he had to 
 speak exceedingly well, and Mr. Forster's words encouraged him to think that it 
 would not be inappropriate if he dwelt a little longer than he might have done upon 
 the present state of secondary education in this country, with which secondary educar 
 tion all Mechanics' Institutes henceforward must of necessity be very closely con- 
 nected. The Endowed Schools of this countrj' had been brought under the review 
 of a Commission acting in accordance with the report of a previous commission of 
 inquiry ; and to that Commission large powers had been given by a recent Act, to 
 propose vigorous changes in the Schools, to modify old foundations in order to adapt 
 them to the circumstances of the present time, and, in fact, as far as it could be done, 
 to make them the basis of a complete system of secondary education for the whole 
 country. In effecting those changes, the Commission might run counter to the views 
 of many warm friends of education. There might be many who had not passed 
 through the sort of education which he had passed through when he was member of 
 the Schools Inquiry Commission, and who had, therefore, no opportunity of looking 
 at all the facts with the same care and with the completeness which of necessity were 
 imposed upon him. He therefore never felt inclined to complain if the conclusions 
 to which he, in common with others engaged in the same task, arrived, did not imme- 
 diately commend themselves to others who, although desiring the progress of secondary/ 
 education as heartily as he did, had not the same opportunity of looking into that 
 particular branch of the subject. But what he had found was this : that the Endowed 
 Schools of this country, to which of necessity they must look for giving secondary 
 education, being founded at various times, and practically left to work out their own 
 trusts without effective supervision, were no longer doing the work which either the 
 country needed or the original founders intended them to do. They found that if 
 anything was to be done with those schools it was absolutely necessary to bring them 
 under the review of some one body ; to put them into right relations both with the 
 inferior and superior education of this country ; to assign to them the different work 
 which each had to do, in accordance with the needs of the place where it was situated ; 
 and to modify the arrangements of every one of them ; so that, instead of being a 
 mere chaotic mass of ill-arranged institutions, producing no real result, they might 
 have a harmonious whole, tending to one great end. The Commission found that 
 that was necessary, and for that purpose they recommended that the schools should 
 
UNIONS OF INSTITUTIONS. 4°? 
 
 be regularly graded in relation to one another ; that each should have its proper task 
 assigned to it, and that there should be provision by which each grade should be con- 
 nected with the rest. So far as that went, he was not aware that there was any differ- 
 ence in opinion ; nor did he think there was any diflSculty in persuading people that 
 it would be necessary, in carrying out that proposition, to use very large powers, and 
 to make very great changes. 
 
 But there was one thing very close to their hearts which in the working of it out 
 would necessarily evoke great difference of opinion. When they looked at the work- 
 ing of those Schools in past days, although it was quite certain that many of them 
 were inefiScient for the purposes for which they were intended, they found that they 
 had done one service to the country from the beginning of their foundation almost 
 down to within their own memory. He supposed there was no one who knew 
 much about the old Grammar Schools who did not know how it was their glory to 
 pick out from the mass of the people boys whose talents specially fitted them to profit 
 by an advanced education ; how they gave the opportunity for that education ; and 
 how they not only gave education itself, as far as they themselves could give it, but 
 how also they enabled the boys to go forward to the Universities, and carry education 
 still further. There was no one, if he took the trouble to look into all that the 
 Grammar Schools had done, who could not find a long hst of great names of men 
 who had risen through the aid given by those Schools — some to high honour in the 
 Church, some to high honour in the State, some to be great authors and thinkers, 
 and some to write their names on the pages of history, and to do service not only to 
 their own generation, but also to many which followed. Was it possible to remember 
 this without feeling that one of the great objects to be borne in mind, in the reconstitu- 
 tion of these Schools, was still to do that great service, still to enable boys, from 
 every rank of life, in spite of obstacles, and in spite of that greatest obstacle of all, the 
 poverty of their parents, to cultivate the faculties which God had given them, and 
 to go on with their studies until they had made themselves what it was quite plain 
 God intended them to be .' So the one great object of their recommendation was 
 this, that the Schools should be so organised that everjrwhere boys who showed the 
 power of profiting by a higher education should be selected from the rest, and should 
 have the chance of getting that by which they could profit. They found over and 
 over again that schools had done this in former times by offering education freely to 
 everybody who came, whether he was in a condition to profit by it or not. They 
 found that there was an enormous amount of waste, and that very often it happened 
 that a school in which it was intended to give an advanced education was filled by 
 those to whom such education was of no use whatever, and that consequently the 
 school was perpetually pulled down by the scholars. They also found over and over 
 again that the giving of education gratuitously, without any reference to the question 
 that those to whom it was given could make no use of it, was not only a waste of the 
 resources adapted for the purpose, but it was depriving those who ought to have had 
 every opportunity they required. What else could be done but to endeavour to apply 
 a remedy directly to this great deficiency ? Therefore they recommended that in all 
 cases gratuitous education should be given only to those who, being selected from the 
 rest, should have proved tliat they were really of the sort to whom such education 
 would be a boon. It was true that they had been accused, when they recommended 
 that, of having recommended that the poor should be deprived of what was intended 
 for them alone. Not so ; most assuredly it was in the interest of the poor themselves, 
 more than in any other interest, that they made the recommendation. It was in the 
 belief that the thing which would do most for the improvement of the education of 
 the poor was to apply all endowments to the object of giving a higher education to 
 those who were selected as fit to receive it. Just consider how the matter stood. If 
 they gave an advanced education to those who could make no use of it, they would 
 be most assuredly doin'g no good at all to the man to whom they were thus giving 
 education ; they would simply be wasting their trouble, and not only so, but the 
 chances were that what thejjwere giving him would interfere with the natural progress 
 of his life. Besides that, if there was one thing more than another which really 
 encouraged Elementary Schools, and which really Mfted them to a higher level, it was 
 by constantly presenting to them the idea that all who were diligent in their studies, 
 and showed an aptitude for higher advancement in study, would have the opportunity 
 which they desired. As an old schoolmaster, his experience was that there was 
 nothing which encouraged a school so much, and helped the teachers and learners so 
 much, as to hold up as an object to the boys who were fitted for something higher 
 than the school they were in, an opportunity of reaching a point which would do 
 more for them in flie way of cultivating their faculties and stirring up their souls 
 
4o8 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 within them. It was the greatest encouragement to schools that they should have 
 this natural outlet for their best scholars. It was said that we had higher schools which 
 were not now in a condition to give that which the better scholars required for their 
 advancement, and that, in the second place, these schools were not numerous enough to 
 supply what was wanted all over the country ; and therefore in the interest of the poor 
 and those interested in elementary education, it was necessary that a determined effort 
 should be made, and that everywhere there should be schools for advanced- education 
 within the reach of all, and that these schools should gather within them all those who 
 were ready to take advantage of them, and who were selected from the schools below. 
 This was the work of the Endowed Schools Commission. This was the work they 
 had already begun ; and this was the work which he was glad to hear would certainly 
 commence amongst them in Bradford almost immediately ; and he trusted that that 
 town would soon show that it was ready to do anything that was necessary to supple- 
 ment the work of secondary education there, and that they would among themselves, 
 so far as the endowment did not do it already, provide the Exhibitions necessary, in 
 order to gather the children from the elementary schools and give them a proper 
 chance. If they succeeded, as he trusted they would, in supplying this country with a 
 complete system of Schools, beginning with the elementary schools and ending with 
 the Universities, there would still be a great work to do, which he beheved could not 
 be better done than by Mechanics' Institutes. 
 
 It had been tolerably well established that the proportion of persons selected from 
 the Elementary Schools to receive a higher education was not large, though he was 
 sorry to say that, small as it was, when they looked carefully into the endowments of 
 this country they found that it would take every penny to supply the means of educa- 
 tion for that number. They found that there were not more persons than three in a 
 thousand to whom the selection would apply. When he said that, he did not mean 
 to imply that there were only three in a thousand to whom an advanced education of 
 a particular sort would be really any benefit ; by no means. What he meant to say 
 was that there were not more than that proportion, taking the Free Elementary 
 Schools all round, to whom an advanced education in the form of more schooling at 
 a higher school would compensate for their continuing for years and years under 
 tuition. There were others who were being educated by the cultivation of their facul- 
 ties in their business in life, and there were many men who would be no better if they 
 were taken from their business, put into a Grammar School, and given an opportunity 
 to go to the University, as their minds might not be of the sort to profit by Uiat kind 
 of cultivation. 
 
 . And yet there were some men who, in their work as Artisans or Mechanics, would 
 be much benefited if, side by side with their work, they could cultivate their intelli- 
 gence and the particular principles of the trade or profession with which they happened 
 to be connected. Very often, indeed, the highest cultivation a man could get was to 
 be obtained by supplementing the actual woilc in the world in . that particular branch 
 of study which related to then labour. Often they would find that if they sent a boy 
 to school to learn a particular branch of study, he would make no progress in it at 
 all ; yet that young man, if studying by the work of his life, would have his interest 
 excited, and would probably be able to undertake more than many a man who studied 
 the same subject in his closet alone. So they found that there was one class who 
 could not be cultivated in the higher schools, and there was another class to whom it 
 would be a blessing to put within their means any particular branch of study for 
 which they had a taste, and in which their business led them to take an interest. 
 This was the proper work for Mechanics' Institutions, and it was a work which he 
 ventured to prophesy would become of more and more importance as time went on, 
 and would be of the greatest advantage to those who had time at their command. He 
 was glad that the Mechanics' Institutes of the country were left to be supported by 
 voluntaiy agencies, because of their peculiar nature, and because, if one thing was 
 rnore certain than another, it was that such Institutions could only do their work by 
 virtue of the energy and devotion of those for whom they are intended. He must 
 warn those who would attend the Classes at that Institute that they would require to 
 give all their energy if they desned to be successful. Upon their own efforts, their 
 own determination, and their resolution that they would not be beaten, however often 
 they might seem to fail, depended their success. There were two different ways in 
 which a man could study a subject. One man would find it his best way to study by 
 going to a good library, and working hard by himself, going over book after book, 
 with the resolute determination to master his subject. Another man, on the contrary, 
 would find that the best way to study was to go to some teacher, who would explain 
 matters to him, and cross-examine him, and who would constantly look into his 
 
UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO. 409 
 
 progress, and perpetually give him advice. Both of these ways were supplied in 
 Mechanics' Institutes, for there were libraries for those who wanted to read, and there 
 were classes for those who wanted direct instruction. But neither library nor classes 
 would be of use to any one who did not determine from the beginning that in what 
 he was about to do he would not be beaten. 
 
 University of Otago, New Zealand. — Incorporated by Ordi- 
 nance of the Provincial Council of Otago, 1869. Chancellor, Rev. 
 Thomas Burns, D.D., Dunedin. Professorships of Moral and Mental 
 Philosophy, and Political Economy; Classics, including Greek, Latin, 
 and the. English Language and Literature ; Mathematics and Natural 
 Philosophy; Natural Science, including Chemistry and Mineralogy. 
 Term, Six Months each year, commencing the beginning of May. 
 
 Fees. — The Professors' Fees are £T) 3s. per Term for each Pupil. 
 
 Education in Otago. — A Uberally-supported system of public 
 elementary School Instruction has long been in operation. A High 
 School for Boys has been maintained in Dunedin. This School vv^as 
 established to impart instruction in all the branches of a liberal 
 Education. The French and other Modern Languages, Latin and 
 Greek Classics, Mathematics, and such other branches of Science as 
 'the advancement of the Colony and the increase of the population may 
 from time to time require. A Provincial Upper School, for Girls, has 
 recently been opened by the Educational Board. 
 
 Grammar Schools. — An Ordinance has been passed by the Pro- 
 vincial Council of Otago for the institution of Grammar Schools in all 
 the chief centres of population within the Province. Under the pro- 
 visions of this Ordinance, the Grammar Schools of Oamaru, Port 
 Chalmers, Tokomairiro, and Lawrence (Tampeka), have been in suc- 
 cessful operation since January, 1870. There are six Provincial Exhi- 
 bitions, of the annual value of from ;£30 to £^^2 los. each, established 
 in connection with the High School. These Exhibitions are open for 
 competition to Pupils of the Public Schools throughout the Province, 
 and are tenable for five years. There are extensive Boarding Estabhsh- 
 ments in connection with the Boys' High School, and also the Provincial 
 School for the Higher Education of Girls. Head Masters of the 
 Grammar Schools also provide accommodation for Pupil Boarders. 
 
 iNSTiTimoNS.— Athenaeums, Mechanics' Institutes, and PubKc Libra- 
 ries, to the number of about fifty, are in successful operation throughout 
 the Province. These Institutions are liberally aided by the Provincial 
 Government, and are on the increase. The Dunedin Athenaeum and 
 Mechanics' Institute possesses a valuable Library and a large number 
 of Members. The Otago Institute for the Promotion of Art, Science, 
 Literature, and Philosophy has recently been established in Dunedin. 
 
 Prospects for Teachers. — The number of persons required for 
 the Learned Professions in New Zealand is considerable ; and there is 
 a growing desire by the Colonists that their sons should become qualified 
 for entering the Professions. The total number of Pupils who attended 
 the Government Elementary Schools of Otago during 1869 was 5,863. 
 Number of Schools 80, in which 122 Teachers were employed. The 
 number of Scholars learning the higher rules of Arithmetic was 456 ; 
 Algebra and Geometry, 152; English Grammar, 2,008; Geography, 
 2,290; History, 1,228; Latin, 152; French, 99; Greek, 2; Drawing, 
 
^10 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 408; Book-keeping, 104; Composition,. 1,647 ; Writing from Dictation, 
 2,2Do; Singing from Notes, 2,429, In Dunedin and some of the 
 larger towns there are also Private Schools, attended by a considerable 
 number of Pupils. The revenue derived from votes of the Provincial 
 Council, from Crown Lands, Endowments, School Fees, and Local 
 Contributions, amounted for the year 1869 to ;£25,263, This is at the 
 rate of about los. per head of the whole population of the Province, 
 and is exclusive of the money expended for Education at Private 
 Schools. 
 
 Salaries to Masters and Teachers. — By the Grammar Schools 
 Ordinance of 1869 it is provided that there shall be appointed to every 
 Grammar School a Head Master, Second Master, a School Mistress, 
 and such number of Assistant or Pupil Teachers as may be sanctioned 
 by the Board. The following are the minimum rates of salaries per 
 annum: — Head Master, ;^2oo ; Second Master, ;£'ioo ; School Mis- 
 tress,;^ 75, 
 
 John Hislop, Honorary Secretary to the Education Board, Dunedin, 
 Otago, New Zealand. Home Office : The Secretary to the Otago 
 University, 3, Hope Street, Edinburgh. The Home Office has been 
 estabhshed for the purpose of promoting the emigration of Professors 
 and Teachers to New Zealand. 
 
PAR T II.—DA UGHTERS. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 
 
 Local Examinations for Candidates of both Sexes.— Particulars 
 of these Examinations will be found at page 29. In cases where Females 
 are Examined there are Local Committees of Ladies, who super- 
 intend the necessary arrangements. The Committee see that girls who 
 do not live in the immediate locality where an Examination is to be held 
 find suitable lodging and accommodation. The Examination of Girls 
 is quite separate from that of Boys. 
 
 ENCOURAGEMENT TO FEMALE CANDIDATES. 
 
 At the Distribution of Prizes to the successful Competitors at the Oxford Local 
 Examination for the Margate Centre, the Right Hon. the Earl of Granville, after 
 commenting upon the general good effected by the Examination, spoke as follows : — 
 I do not know whether, in the presence of so many ladies, I ought to mention another 
 subject, or whether you will attribute it to my gallant nature ; but certainly one of 
 the most agreeable things that I have had to do to-day was to present a prize to the 
 young lady who so well deserved it. I think, if a young lady will accept a compli- 
 ment from an old gentleman — (laughter) — I might say that her modest and graceful 
 demeanour in coming up to receive that prize was, as it appeared to me, a sufficient 
 answer to those who are afraid of the opposite sex becoming too much conceited if 
 they could successfully compete for prizes offered to them in literary pursuits ; and I 
 thinlc I may venture to remind you of what Dr. Johnson said about elementary educa- 
 tion. It was said that it might make the poor conceited and above themselves. 
 " That is," said Dr. Johnson, " if you give a sUver-laced waistcoat to a ploughman it 
 may make him conceited and desert his plough ; but if all the ploughmen have silver- 
 laced waistcoats given them they will not be more above the plough than they were 
 before." You will do well, therefore, if you encourage the presence of a greater 
 number of candidates from the ranlcs of the fair sex, for I am sure not only is it fotind 
 that knowledge is power, but also that it promotes enjoyment. But I think it is 
 important in our national future, more particularly now that ladies seem to be pro- 
 gressing very rapidly to much greater political power — at all events it is important 
 that the mothers of future generations should have the best education possible, in 
 order that they may be able to direct that of their offspring. 
 
 The following is a List of Localities at which Oxford Examinations for 
 Girls are held, and the names of persons from whom information may be 
 obtained : — 
 
 London.— Mrs. H. J. Roby, 68, St. George's Road, S.W. 
 
 „ B. Hawkins, Esq., St. Aime's School, Streatham Hill, S.W. 
 
 Bath. — Mrs. Spender, 37, Gay Street. 
 Brighton. — Barclay Phillips, Esq., 75, Lansdown Place. 
 Cheltenham. — Mrs. Jex-Blake, 12, Suffolk Square. 
 Leeds. — H. H. Sales, Esq., St. Andrew's Chambers.' 
 Lincoln. — Rev. J. ManseU, Vicars' Court. 
 
412 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 LryERPOOL. — Miss M. Calder, /jg, Canning Street. 
 Manchester. — Rev. Canon Beechey, Worsley Vicarage. 
 Ramsgate. — Rev. F. G. Haslewood. LL.D., 2, Grosvenor Villas. 
 Southampton. — Rev. Alfred Sells, Polygon House. 
 Taunton. — W. A. Jones, Esq., Tauntfield. 
 
 Secretary, Rev. S. Edwardes, Merton College, Oxford. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CAMBEIDGB. 
 
 Lectures for Women. — Courses of Lectures for Women have been 
 instituted in Cambridge, with the' approval of the Syndicate, and under 
 the direction of a Committee. The Lectures are delivered by Professors 
 of the University, in rooms within St. John's College, or elsewhere, as 
 indicated by the Sessional Programme. 
 
 In a few instances Local Committees have been formed for the pur- 
 pose of promoting the attendance of Women at these Lectures. In 
 other cases Ladies associate in small groups, and resort to Cambridge 
 during the Lecture Terms. A fund has been formed for the purpose of 
 assisting persons (especially those engaged in or preparing for the Pro- 
 fession of Education) who may be desirous to visit Cambridge in order to 
 attend the Lectures, but are unable to do so from want of means. 
 
 The current Programme announces Courses of Lectures upon English 
 Language and Literature ; English History ; Latin, advanced and elemen- 
 tary ; Greek ; French ; German ; Algebra ; Geometry ; Logic ; Political 
 Economy ; Geology and Physical Geography ; Chemistry ; Harmony and 
 Thorough Bass. The Lectures are delivered at various hours of the day, 
 from lo to 5 o'clock. The Public Lectures of many of the Professors 
 may also be attended by Women. 
 
 These Lectures are designed to supply the demand existing among 
 Women for the higher education. The scheme embraces the subjects 
 included in the Cambridge Examination for Women above the age of 
 eighteen, and the Lectures are intended Primarily to meet the needs of 
 persons preparing for this Examination. They are open to Women who 
 have attained the age of seventeen. Persons under this age will be 
 admitted by the Committee under certain circumstances,, upon special 
 application being made on their behalf, stating their ages and qualifi- 
 cations. All girls who have passed the Senior Local Examinations, or 
 have distinguished, themselves in the Junior Local Examination, will be 
 admitted without further inquiry. 
 
 The Syndicate has made the following Regulation for die Examina- 
 tion of Women in June, 1872 : — With a view to meeting the actual 
 expenses of Examination of Candidates who are engaged in Tuition as a 
 profession, or are preparing for that profession, the sum of ^S each- 
 shall be given to the five Candidates fulfilhng these conditions who are 
 placed highest in order by the Examiners. 
 
 The Committee for conducting the Cambridge Lectures for Women 
 will give an Exhibition of ^2t, for 'one year, together with Free Admis- 
 sion to three Courses of Lectures in each term (equivalent to nine 
 guineas), to the Candidate who is considered most worthy by die 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 413 
 
 Examiners in the Cambridge Examination for Women, June, 1872. An 
 Exhibition of £^i,o for one year will be given to the Candidate who 
 passes with most distinction in Group D. 
 
 Attendance on two Courses of Lectures in Cambridge during each of 
 two terms at least will be required as a condition of receiving these 
 Exhibitions. A List of the Lectures as at present arranged can be 
 procured on application to the Rev. G. F. Browne, St. Catherine's 
 College, Cambridge. Accommodation is provided for Students attend- 
 ing these. Lectures. 
 
 Candidates for the above gratuities or for the Exhibitions must give 
 notice to the Local Secretary at the centre at which they are to be 
 examined before the end of the Examination. 
 
 Fees. — The Fee is One Guinea per Term for each Course ; but a reduction of one- 
 half is made for persons engaged in or preparing for the profession of Education. 
 Any woman may, if the consent of the Lecturer be obtained, attend a single lecture 
 ■viithout payment. 
 
 Communications should be addressed to H. SiDGWiCK, M.A., Trinity College, Cam- 
 bridge. The following Ladies also afford information and advice upon matters of 
 detail : — Mrs. Fawcett, 42, Besborough Gardens, London, S.W. ; Miss A. J. 
 Clough, Comb Hurst, Kingston-on-Thames; Mrs. Adams, the Obsenatory, Cam- 
 bridge ; Mrs. Bateson (the Treasurer, to whom all Fees should be paid), St. John's 
 ■ Lodge, Cambridge ; Miss Kennedy, The Elms, Cambridge ; and Mrs. Venn, 
 Petersfield House, Cambridge. A House hSs been opened for the domestic accommo- 
 dation of Lady Students, over which Miss A. J. Clough presides. The terms are 
 £■2.0 for each session of eight weeks : with a reduction of ^5 for persons preparing for 
 the Profession of Education. 
 
 Local Examinations. — i. For Boys and Girls between the ages of 
 thirteen and eighteen. 2. For Women above the age of eighteen. The 
 Examination for Boys and Girls is held on six days in December in each 
 year, commencing on the second Monday of the month. This Exami- 
 nation was instituted in 1857. In 1870 there were 2,600 Candidates, 
 being an increase of 25 per cent, on the previous year. The following 
 are the current regulations. It should be observed that the Subjects 
 and Papers for Girx-s are precisely the same as those for Boys. The 
 Regulations for each year are published early in the preceding December. 
 
 There are two Examinations ; one for Junior and one for Senior 
 Students. Students are examined in such places as the Syndicate 
 appointed by the University may determine. 
 
 After the Examination the names of the Students who pass with credit 
 will be placed alphabetically in three Honour classes. The names of 
 those who pass to the satisfaction of the Examiners, yet not so as to 
 deserve honours, will be placed alphabetically in a separate class- Sepa- 
 rate Lists will also be given of those Students who may specially dis- 
 tinguish themselves in particular parts of the Examination, and in these 
 lists the Students will be arranged in order of merit. After the name of 
 every Student will be added his place of residence, the school (if any) 
 from which he comes to attend the Examination, and the name of his 
 Schoolmaster. 
 
 In determining the classes account will be taken of every part of the 
 Examination ; but no marks will be given in any paper unless the 
 Student shows enough knowledge to satisfy the Examiners in that paper. 
 Regard will be paid to the handwriting and spelling throughout the 
 Examinations. 
 
 The Students who pass with credit or satisfy the Examiners will 
 
414 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 receive Certificates to that effect. A Student who barely satisfies the 
 Examiners in the minimum number of subjects may be rejected on the 
 ground of general weakness. Every Certificate will specify the subject? 
 in which the Student has passed with credit or satisfied the Examiners, 
 and the class in which his name is placed. _ - 
 
 Every one admitted to Examination will be required to pay a fee of 
 twenty shillings. 
 
 EXAMINATIOfsT OF JUNIOR STUDENTS, 
 Part I. Preliminary. 
 
 Every Student will be required to satisfy the Examiners in 
 
 1. Reading aloud a passage from some standard English prose author. 
 
 2. Writing from dictation. 
 
 3. English Grammar, including the parsing and analysis of sentences. 
 
 4. Arithmetic, in which marks will be given for a knowledge of Book-keeping. 
 
 *** ^ certain number of marks "will he assigned to hand'Writing, 
 
 Part II. 
 
 The Examination wiU comprise the subjects mentioned in the following ten sec- 
 tions ; and every Student will be required to satisfy the Examiners in at least two 
 sections not in the same bracket, but no one will be examined in more than six. 
 Section I. must be taken by every Student, unless his parents or guardians object to 
 his Examination in that section. 
 
 1. Religious Knowledge: 
 Questions will be set on 
 
 (a) The Books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel I., and the Gospel of St. Luke. 
 
 {i) The Church Catechism. 
 
 {c) Whately's Introductory Lessons on Christian Evidences. 
 Every Student who is examined in this section will be required to satisfy the Exa- 
 miners in the subjects marked (a), and in one of the subjects marked (i) and (c). No 
 Student will be examined in more than ONE of the two latter subjects. 
 
 2. English : 
 
 (a) Every Student who is examined in this section will be required to write an 
 original English composition. 
 He must also satisfy the Examiners in the two following : — 
 
 {i) History of England, from the accession of James I. to the accession of 
 WiUiam III. 
 Some questions will also be set on tlie outlines of the History of England since the 
 Conquest; that is, the succession of Sovereigns, and the chief events in each reign. 
 
 (c) Physical, Political, and Commercial Geography : with special reference to 
 Great Britain and her Dependencies. 
 Some general questions will also be set, and an outline map to be filled up by 
 inserting the chief ranges of mountains, the chief towns, and the chief rivers of one of 
 the countries in the following list : — 
 
 England, Scotland, Ireland, France, Europe, India, North America. 
 
 3. Latin; 
 
 *„* In this and the three following sections it is expected that special attention 
 will be paid to Accidence. 
 
 Passages will be given from Caesar, de Bell. Gall. HI., and Virgil, JEn. XL, for 
 translation into English, with questions on the historical and geographical allusions, 
 and also on grammar and parsing. 
 
 Also an easy passage for translation from some other Latin author. 
 
 And a passage of English, with Latin words supplied, for translation into Latin. 
 
 4. Greek : 
 
 Passages will be given from Xenophon, Anab. VL, and ^Eschylus, Prometheus 
 Vinctus, for translation into English, with questions on the historical and geographical 
 allusions, and also on grammar and parsing. 
 
 Also an easy passage for translation firom some other G-reek author. 
 
 5. French: 
 
 Passages will be given from La Fontaine, Select Fables (Bell and Daldy) for trans- 
 lation into English, with questions on grammar and parsing. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 41 S 
 
 Also a passage from some modern French writer for translation into English. 
 And easy English sentences for translation into French. 
 
 6. German : 
 
 Passages will be given from De la Motte Fouque, Undine, for translation into 
 English, with questions on grammar and parsing. 
 
 Also a passage from some modern German writer for translation into English. 
 And easy English sentences for translation into German. 
 
 7. Pure Mathematics: 
 
 Every Student who is examined in this section will be required to satisfy the Exa- 
 miners in Euclid, Books I. and II., and Algebra to Simple Equations inclusive. 
 
 Questions will also be set in Euclid, Books HI.. IV., and VI., in Quadratic Equa- 
 tions, Progressions, Proportion, Plane Trigonometry not beyond the solution of 
 Triangles, the use of Logarithms and Mensuration. 
 
 8. The elementary principles of Mechanics : 
 
 Questions will be set, embracing the proofs of the leading Propositions. 
 They will not extend beyond the parallelogram of forces, the centre of gravity, and 
 the mechanical powers. 
 
 9. Chemistry : 
 
 (i) Questions will be set on the elementary facts of Chemistry and the laws of 
 chemical combination. 
 
 (2) Substances will be given to be tested containing not more than one acid and 
 one base. 
 
 Every Student who is examined in this section must satisfy the Examiners in both 
 these divisions. 
 
 10. (a) Zoology: 
 
 Elementary questions wiU be set on the description and classification of Animals, 
 their habits and geographical distribution ; and on the mercantile and industrial uses 
 of animal products. 
 (S) Botany : 
 
 Questions will be set on the description and classification of Plants, their uses and 
 geographical distribution. 
 
 Plants and parts of plants will be given for description. 
 
 No Student will be examined in more than one of the two divisions (a) and (5). 
 
 Part III. 
 
 Students may also offer themselves for Examination in 
 
 1. Geometrical Drawing and Linear Perspective. 
 
 2. Drawing from the Flat and from Models. 
 
 Students examined in section i or 2 will be required to satisfy the Examiners in 
 both the subjects specified in that section. 
 
 3. Music. A clear knowledge of Harmony up to the inversions of the dominant 
 
 seventh will enable Students to pass in this section ; but aU exercises in 
 Harmony must be written for the usual voices of a Choir. 
 The suitable Clefs, Soprano, Alto, Tenor, and Bass, will be preferred, but the 
 use of the G or Treble Clef is not interdicted. 
 
 EXAMINATION OF SENIOR STUDENTS. 
 
 No one born before Jan. i, 1854, or after Dec. 31, 1858, can be admitted as a Senior 
 Student. 
 
 Part I. Preliminary. 
 
 Every Student will be required to satisfy the Examiners in 
 
 1 . Reading aloud a passage from some standard Enghsh poet. 
 
 2. English Grammar, including parsing and the analysis of sentences. 
 
 3. The principles and practice of Arithmetic. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 The Examination will comprise the subjects mentioned in the following nine sec- 
 tions ;' and every Student wiU be required to satisfy the Examiners in three at least of 
 the sections marked A, B, C, D, E, F, G ; or in two of them, and in one of the sec- 
 tions marked H, I ; but no one will be examined in more than five of the sections 
 marked A, B, C, D, E, F, G. Section A must be taken by every Student, unless his 
 parents or guardians object to his Examination in that section. 
 
4i6 SOATS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Section A. 
 
 Religious Knowledge : 
 The Examination will consist of questions in 
 
 r. The Books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel I. 
 
 The Gospel of St. Luke ; credit will be given for a knowledge of the 
 original Greek. 
 
 2. The Order for Morning Prayer, the Litany, and the Order for Confirmation, 
 
 in the Book of Common Prayer. Kspecial attention must be paid to the 
 Apostles' Creed. 
 
 3. Paley's Horse Paulinse : to the end of the Epistle to the Oalatians. 
 
 Every Student who is examined in this section will be required to satisfy the Exa- 
 miners in the subjects marked i, and in one of the subjects marked 2 and 3. No 
 Student will be examined in more than ONE of the two latter subjects. 
 
 Section B. 
 
 1. History of England, from the accession of James L to the accession of 
 
 William IH., and the outlines of English Literature during the same 
 
 period. 
 Some general questions wUl also be set on the outlines of the History of England ; 
 that is, the succession of Sovereigns, the chief events, and some account of the lead- 
 ing men in each reign. 
 
 2. Geography, Physical, Political, and Commercial. 
 
 3. Milton, Comus, with philological and other questions arising out of the 
 
 subject. 
 
 4. The outlines of Political Economy. 
 
 Every Student who is examined in this section will be required to write a short 
 English Composition, and to satisfy the Examiners in two at least of the above four 
 divisions. 
 
 Section C. 
 
 1. Latin : 
 
 Passages will be given from Livy, Book V. ; and Lucan, Book I., for translation 
 into English, with questions on the historical and geographical allusions, and on 
 grammar. 
 
 Also passages for translation from some other Latin authors. 
 
 And a passage of English for translation into Latin. 
 
 2. Greek : 
 
 Passages will be given from Thucydides, Book VII., eh. I — 54, and Sophocles, 
 Antigone, for translation into English. Questions will also be set on the language 
 and subject matter. 
 
 Also passages for translation from some other Greek authors. 
 
 A fair knowledge of either of these languages will enable a Student to pass in this 
 section. 
 
 Section D.' 
 
 1. French : 
 
 Passages will be given from Madame de Serign^, Letters (Clarendon Press Series, 
 French Classics, vol. iv., pp. 113 — 202), and Racine, La Th^baide, for translation into 
 English, with questions on the historical allusions and on grammar. 
 
 Also a passage from some other 'French author for translation into English, and a 
 passage of English for translation into French. 
 
 2. German : 
 
 Passages will be given from Goethe, Egmont ; and Schiller, Fall of the United 
 Netherlands, Book IV., for translation into English, with questions on the historical 
 allusions, and on grammar. 
 
 Also passages from some other German authors for translation into English. 
 
 And a passage of English for translation into German. 
 
 A fair knowledge of either of these languages will enable a Student to pass in this 
 section. 
 
 Section E. 
 
 Every Student who is examined in this section will be required to satisfy the Exa- 
 miners in 
 
 Euclid, Books I., II., III., IV., VI., and XL, to Prop. 21 inclusive. 
 Algebra. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 417 
 
 Questions will also be set in the following subjects : — 
 
 1. Pure Mathematics: 
 
 Plane Trigonometry, including Land-surveying. 
 The simpler properties of the Conic Sections. 
 
 2. Applied Mathematics: 
 
 The elementary parts of Statics, including the equilibrium of forces act- 
 ing in one plane, the laws of friction, the conditions of stable and 
 unstable equilibrium, and the principle of virtual velocities. 
 
 The elements of Mechanism. 
 
 The elementary parts of Hydrostatics, namely, the pressure of elastic 
 and inelastic fluids, specific gravities, floating bodies, and the con- 
 struction and use of the more simple instruments and machines. 
 
 The elementary parts of Astronomy, so far as they are necessary for the 
 explanation of the more simple phenomena. 
 
 Section F. 
 Chemistry : 
 ( i) Questions will be set on the facts -and general principles of Chemical Science, 
 and (2) there will be a practical Examination in the elements of Analysis. 
 
 A paper will also be set on the experimental laws and elementary principles of the 
 branches of science relating to Heat, Magnetism, and Electricity. 
 
 Every Student who is examined in this section must satisfy the Examiners in both 
 the divisions marked (i) and (2). 
 
 A fair knowledge of Inorganic Chemistry will enable a Student to pass in this 
 section. 
 
 Section G. 
 
 1. Zoology, and the elements of Animal Physiology. 
 
 2. Botany, and the elements of Vegetable Physiology. 
 
 3. Geology, including Physical Geography. 
 
 Explanations of Geological terms will be required, and simple questions set respect- 
 ing stratified and unstratified roclcs, the modes of their formation, and organic 
 remains. 
 
 No Student will be examined in more than one of these tliree divisions. A prac. 
 tical acquaintance with specimens will be expected. 
 
 Section H. 
 
 1. Drawing {a) from the Flat, {*) from Models, and if) in Perspective. 
 
 2. Imitative Colouring. 
 
 Every Student who is examined in this section will be required to satisfy the 
 Examiners in drawing from the flat, and in one at least of the other divisions. 
 
 Section I. 
 Music. A knowledge of the elements of Harmony and Musical Composition will 
 
 be required, in order that a Student may pass in this section. 
 Questions will also be set upon the history and principles of the art. 
 Senior Students are recommended not to choose more subjects than the Time-table 
 will conveniently permit ; and in particular, if they take Section H, to leave them- 
 selves time to draw by daylight. The Time-tables are published with the Examina- 
 tion Papers. 
 
 1. Printed Forms of Entry will be prepared by September i, each year. 
 
 2. These Forms may be obtained ifom the Local Secretary of the place at which 
 the Student desires to be examined. 
 
 3. Each Application must state precisely whether Forms for Senior or Junior 
 Students are required, with the probable number of either. 
 
 4. The Forms, duly filled up and signed, must be returned to the same Local 
 Secretary on or before October 10 following. 
 
 5. With them must be remitted the fees, viz., the University fee, £\, and the local 
 fee charged by the Committee at the place of Examination. No fees can in any case 
 be returned. If notice of withdrawal be given more than fourteen days before the 
 Examination, the sum paid will be allowed to stand to the Student's credit for a future 
 Examination. 
 
 6. No Form can be received at any place after October 10, or such other date as 
 may be from year to year appointed. 
 
 £ £ 
 
41 8 SOIf/S AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 7. Local Secretaries are requested to forward the Forms of Entry to the General 
 Secretary without delay. 
 
 8. Students are desired to observe that in case of disobedience to any of the Regu- 
 lations made for the due conduct of the Examination and published by the Syndicate, 
 the Certificate may be refused. 
 
 The Examination for Women was instituted in 1869. The number 
 of Candidates in July, T871, was 128 ; being an increase of 50 per cent, 
 on the previous year. 
 
 The following are the Regulations for 1872. The Regulations for 
 each year are pubUshed twelve months before the Examination : — 
 
 There will be an Examination, commencing on Monday, June 17, 
 1872, open to Women who have completed the age of eighteen before 
 January i, 1872. 
 
 Candidates will be examined in such places as the Syndics appointed 
 by the University may determine. 
 
 The Syndicate will entertain applications from places where 25 fees at 
 the least are guaranteed. Application must be made not later than 
 April I, 1872. 
 
 Before any application for an Examination can be approved, the 
 Syndicate must be satisfied as to the following points : — 
 
 That there is a Committee of Ladies who will efficiently superintend 
 the Examination, one of whom will undertake to act as Local Secretary. 
 
 That this Committee will see that suitable accommodation can be 
 obtained by Candidates who are strangers to the place. 
 
 Tliat a responsible person will be at hand to receive the Examination 
 Papers from the conducting Examiner and collect the answers. 
 
 Committees wishing to have Examinations held in their several dis- 
 tricts may obtain all necessary information from the 
 
 Rev. G. F. Browne, St. Catherines College, Cambridge. 
 
 1. Every one admitted to Examination will be required to pay a fee of 40s. After 
 a Certificate has been obtained, the fee in any subsequent year will be 20s. 
 
 2. Papers will be set in the subjects gi'ouped and numbered as below. Every Can- 
 didate who has not already passed in group A is required to satisfy the Examiners in 
 all the papers set in that group, wiQi the exception that the papers in Religious 
 Knowledge may be omitted by any Candidate who at the time of her application 
 for admission to the Examination declares her objection to be examined in Religious 
 Knowledge. 
 
 3. The Candidates who satisfy flie Examiners will receive Certificates to that eflFect, 
 and those who pass the Examination with credit. Certificates of Honour. Every Cer- 
 tificate will specify the subjects in which the Candidate has passed. 
 
 4. No Certificate will be granted to any Candidate who has not passed in group A 
 and also in one of groups B, C, D, and E. 
 
 5. The names of the Candidates who pass in each group will be placed alphabeti- 
 cally in three classes. If a Candidate specially distinguishes herself in particular parts 
 of the Examination, the fact will be notified by endorsement on her Certificate. After 
 each Examination notice of the result will be sent to the home of each Candidate. 
 
 6. A Candidate who passes in group A, but not in the further subjects necessary 
 for obtaining a Certificate, need not be examined in the papers in that group in any 
 future year in which she may go in to the Examination for the purpose of obtaining 
 her Certificate. 
 
 7. No Candidate will be examined in more subjects than the published Time-table 
 wiU aUow. 
 
 After passing in group A, Candidates may be examined in other groups in subse- 
 quent years. They may also be examined a second time in any group, subject to 
 the special regulations of that group, 
 
 A schedule of books recommended by the Syndicate is appended to each group. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 419 
 
 But it is to be understood that such schedules are not intended to limit the studies of 
 the Candidates or the range of questions in the papers set by the Examiners. 
 
 GROUP A. 
 
 1. *Re]igious Knowledge. 
 
 2. Arithmetic. 
 
 3. Outlines of English History from the Norman Conquest to the reign of George 
 
 rv. inclusive. Detailed knowledge of the period from the death of Crom- 
 well to the landing of William III. will be required. A knowledge of Geo- 
 graphy, so iar as it bears on this subject, will be expected. 
 
 4. *English Language and Literature. 
 
 5. Every Candidate in thLs group wiU be required to write a short EngUsh 
 
 Composition. 
 
 * The papers in these subjects may be taken again in subsequent years by Candi- 
 dates who wish to obtain distinction in them. 
 
 GROUP B. 
 
 I. Latin. 2. Greek. 3. French. 4. German. 5. Italian. 
 
 Passages will be given for translation into English from the books mentioned in the 
 subjoined schedule, and questions will be set on the language and subject matter of 
 the books. In each langtiage passages will be given for translation from some other 
 authors, and passages of English prose for translation into each. 
 
 A knowledge of one of the five languages will enable Candidates to pass in this 
 group. For a Certificate of Honour a knowledge of two will be required. 
 
 In the papers in French and Italian, the connection between these" languages and 
 Latin will be included ; but a knowledge of Latin wUl not be insisted upon as neces- 
 sary for either the Pass or the Honour Certificate. 
 
 GROUP C. 
 
 1. Euclid, Books I., II., III., IV., VI., and XI., to Prop. 21 inclusive. 
 
 2. The elementary parts of Algebra ; namely, the Rules for the Fundamental 
 
 Operations upon Algebraical Symbols, with their proofs ; the solution of 
 Simple and Quadratic Equations ; Arithmetical and Geometrical Progres- 
 sion, Permutations and Combinations, the Binomial Theorem and the prin- 
 ciples of Logarithms. 
 
 3. The elementary parts of Plane Trigonometry, so far as to include the solution of 
 
 Triangles. 
 
 4. The simpler properties of the Conic Sections, treated either geometrically or 
 
 analytically. 
 
 5. The elementary parts of Statics, including the equilibrium of Forces acting in 
 
 one plane, the properties of the Centre of Gravity, the Laws of Friction, and 
 the Mechanical powers. 
 
 6. The elementary parts of Astronomy, so far as they are necessary for the explana- 
 
 tion of the more simple phenomena. 
 
 7. The elementary parts of Dynamics, including the laws of Motion, Gravity, and 
 
 the Theory of Projectiles. 
 A knowledge of the first two of these subjects will be required to enable a Can- 
 didate to pass in this group. For a Certificate of Honour, a knowledge of two at 
 least of the remaining five wUl be required in addition. 
 
 GROUP D. 
 
 I. Political Economy. ' 2. Logic. 
 
 A knowledge of one of these subjects will enable a Candidate to pass in this group. 
 For a Certificate of Honour, a knowledge of both will be required. 
 
 GROUP E. 
 
 I. Botany. 2. Geologjr and Physical Geography. 3. Zoology. 
 
 4. Chemistry ^theoretical and practical). 
 
 A knowledge of one of these subjects will enable a Candidate to pass in this group. 
 For a Certificate of Honour, a knowledge of two of them will be required. 
 
 GROUP F. 
 I, Music. 2. Drawing. 
 
 A paper will be given in the latter subject containing questions on the History of 
 Art. 
 
 E E 2 
 
420 SON'S AND DAUGHTERS, 
 
 Every Candidate in Drawing is required to bring with her to the Examination one 
 iinished drawing, or painting, executed by herself, of such a Icind as may best show 
 her proficiency, and which must be described as a " study from Nature," an " original 
 drawing," or a " copy from a drawing," as the case may be. 
 
 Two hours will be allowed for a sketch, or copy, of some portion of detail of the 
 above work, and this exercise will be judged with the finished work. 
 
 The sketch, together with the finished drawing, will be sent to the Examiner in 
 Drawing. The latter will be returned to the Candidate after inspection by him. 
 
 Candidates will also be required to draw from a model. 
 
 Proficiency in these subjects will not count towards a Certificate, but will be notified 
 on the Certificate in case where the Candidate obtains one. 
 
 It may be expected that about two-thirds of the questions set in each paper will 
 have reference to the books mentioned under the group to which it belongs. 
 
 GROUP A. 
 
 Gospel: St. Matthew. 
 
 Epistles : Galatians ; St. James. 
 
 I. Religious Knowledge. 
 
 Old Testament : Ezra ; Nehemiah. 
 Psalm cvii. — cl. 
 
 Butler, Analogy, Part I., ch. 3, 4, S ; and II., ch. 3, 4. Hooker, Of the Laws of 
 Ecclesiastical Polity, Book V., i — S^- Paley, Horae Paulinse, chapters I — 4. 
 
 Candidates are required to satisfy the Examiners in the Scripture subjects and in 
 one at least of the three books last named. 
 
 For Geography, History, and Scriptural Characters, Candidates are referred to 
 Stanley's Sinai and Palestine and Smith's Dictionary of the Bible. 
 
 4. Spenser, Faery Queen, Books I. and II. (Clarendon Press Series). 
 
 Shatepere, Macbeth, The Merchant of Venice (edited by Clark and Wright). 
 
 Bacon, Essays (edited by Wright). 
 
 Milton, L' Allegro, II Penseroso, Conius, Lycidas (Clarendon Press Series). 
 
 Milton, Areopagitica (Arber's Reprints). 
 
 Pope, Essay on Man (Clarendon Press Series). 
 
 The following will be found useful books of reference for Students in tliis subject : — 
 
 Craik, Manual of English Literature and the English Language ; or. 
 
 Marsh, Lectures on the English Language. Edited by W. Smith. 
 
 Hallam, History of Literature, so far as relates to English writers. 
 
 Abbott, Grammar of Shakspere. 
 
 GROUP B. 
 
 1. Virgil, ^neid, Books III., IV. 
 Livy, Book XXI. 
 
 2. Sophocles', Ajax. 
 Demosthenes, Olynthiacs. 
 
 3. ViUemain, Souvenirs Contemporains d'histoire et de littgrature. 
 ComeUle, Polyeucte, Cinna. 
 
 4. G. Droysen, Gustav Adolf. 
 Schiller, Wilhelm Tell. 
 
 5. Silvio Pellico, Le mie Prigioni. 
 ViUari, Vita di Geronimo Savonarola. 
 Alfieri, FUippo. 
 
 In this group Max Miiller's Lectures on the Science of Language, First Series, 
 win be found useful. In the Second Series, Lectures I., V., VJ., XII., may be 
 read. - 
 
 GROUP C. 
 
 Hamblin Smith, Algebra. 
 •Todhunter, Algebra for the use of Colleges and Schools. 
 Hamblin Smith, Trigonometry. 
 Todhunter, Trigonometry. 
 Todhunter, Mechanics for Beginners. 
 Lockyer, Lessons in Elementary Astronomy. 
 Airy, Lectures on Astronomy, deUvered at Ips-«-ich. 
 Taylor, Geometrical Conic Sections. 
 Puckle, Elementary Treatise on Conic Sections. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 421 
 
 GROUP D. 
 
 1. Mill, Political Economy. *Caimes, Logical Method of Political Economy. 
 *Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations (McCulloch's edition). 
 
 2. Mill, Ixjgic.f Wliately, Logic, Books IL and III., with App. 2. *Thomson, 
 Outlines of the Laws of Thought. *Mansel, Prolegomena Logica. *Bain, Inductive 
 and Deductive Logic. 
 
 t Omitting the following: Books I., ch. 3 (except § i) ; Book II., eh. 4 — 7; 
 Book III., ch. s, \ 9, and note, ch. 12, ch. 18, ch. 23, ch. 24 (except §1,2); Book V., 
 '^^ 3. § 3—6 ; Book VI., ch. 2. 
 
 GROUP E. 
 
 1. Oliver, Elementary Botany. 
 *Balfour, Manual of Botany. 
 *Maout, Lejons de Botanique. 
 
 ♦Babington, Prof. C. C, Manual of British Botany. 
 
 2. Page, Introductory Text-book of Geology. 
 Lyell, The Student's Manual of Geology. 
 
 *Lyell, Principles of Geology. Tenth edition. Chapters I.— XXXIII. and 
 
 XLIV.^XLIX. 
 *Owen, Palaeontology. 
 
 Somerville, Physical Geography. 
 
 Maury, Physical Geography of the Sea. 
 
 3. Agassiz and Gould, Principles of Zoology. 
 
 Huxley, Introduction to the Classification of Animals. 
 •Van der Hoeven, Handbook of Zoology (Clark's Translation). 
 *Rymer Jones, Outlines of the Animal Kingdom. 
 •Carpenter, Zoology. 
 
 4. Roscoe, Lessons in Elementary Chemistry. 
 Bloxham, Handbook of Chemistry. 
 
 ♦Miller, Prof. W. A., Elements of Chemistry. 
 *Fownes, Manual of Chemistry. 
 The worlcs marked * are suitable to more advanced Students. 
 
 GROUP F. 
 2. Womum, Epochs of Painting. 
 
 Lubke, History of Art (translated by Miss Bunnett). 
 
 Labarte, Handbook to the Arts of the Middle Ages. 
 
 Porker, Glossary of Architecture. 
 
 Fergusson, History of Architecture. 
 The last Edition is always meant where the contrary is not expressed. 
 
 A List of names of Local Secretaries will be found at page 55, and a 
 later List of Ladies and Gentlemen especially interested in the promo- 
 tion of Female Education will be found in the Appendix. 
 
 This (1871) is the last year in which the Class Lists of the Cambridge Examination 
 for Females will be issued " for private circulation only." Henceforth it will be in 
 the power of tlie Syndicate to publish the names of all the Candidates, and a sym- 
 pathising sisterhood will be able to tell who of their sex have graduated in Honours, 
 and who have' been " plucked." Publicity, indeed, would seem to be, after tlie Exa- 
 mination itself, the one thing imperatively needed to give efficiency to a novel and 
 hotly-controverted system ; for, if the names of Candidates are not to be made known, 
 they might surely just as well have been examined by the Principal of some finishing 
 school for young ladies. They would have their Certificates, to be sure ; but a Cer- 
 tificate without pubhcity is a thing as barren of prestige as a commission would be to 
 an Ensign, without the concurrent gazetting. There were 127 ladies entered for 
 examination in 1871, as against 84 in 1870, and 36 in 1869, the year when the con- 
 cours was first instituted. Of the Candidates actually Examined, only 37 failed to 
 satisfy the Examiners. In the languages group there were many competitors and 
 some remarkable successes, one lady winning a triple chaplet of laurels in French, 
 German, and Latin ; while it is exceedingly gratifying to note, that, for the first time, 
 a place in the Honour list was gained in the subjects of mathematics and moral 
 science. Exhibitions of ;^34, £zo, and £1% with gratuities of ;f 5 each to ladies 
 engaged in tuition, were among the rewards accorded, and similar gratuities and exhi- 
 bitions are promised for 1872. — Daily Telegraph. 
 
422 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. 
 
 Examinations for Women are held annually at the University, in 
 London, once in each year, commencing on the first Monday in May. 
 Similar Examinations maybe held in the Provinces on direct application 
 being made from some Educational Body. There are at present no 
 fixed local centres. In order that the requisite arrangements may be 
 made, it is necessary that intending Candidates give notice of the 
 Optional Subjects they select (where liberty of choice is allowed) not 
 later than the 15 th of March in each year. Such notice must be 
 addressed " To the Registrar of the University of London, Burlington 
 Gardens, W. 
 
 Regulations for the Examination in May, 1872 and 1873. — 
 General Examination. — No Candidate shall be admitted to this Exa- 
 mination unless she have produced a Certificate showing that she has 
 completed her seventeenth year. This Certificate shall be transmitted 
 to the Registrar at least fourteen days before the commencement of the 
 Examination. The rule with regard to Certificates is the same as that 
 given respecting Male Candidates (page 104). The Fee for the Exa- 
 mination is £^2, which must be paid to the Registrar previous to Exa- 
 mination. If a Candidate withdraw or fail to pass the Examination, 
 the Fee shall not be returned to her, but she shall be admissible to any 
 two subsequent General Examinations without the payment of any addi- 
 tional Fee, provided that she give notice to the Registrar at least four- 
 teen days before the commencement of the Examination. 
 
 The Examination shall be conducted by means of Printed Papers ; 
 but the Examiners shall not be precluded from putting, for the purpose 
 of ascertaining the competence of the Candidates to pass, vivd, voce 
 questions to any Candidate in the subjects in which they are appointed 
 to examine. 
 
 Candidates shall not be approved by the Examiners unless they have 
 shown a competent knowledge in each of the following subjects : — 
 
 1. Latin, with Grammar, History, and Geography. 
 
 2. Any two_of the following Languages : — Greek, French, German, Italian. 
 
 3. English Language, English History, and Geography (Physical and 
 
 Topographical). 
 
 4. Mathematics. 
 
 5. Natural Philosophy. 
 
 6. Either Chemistry or Botany. 
 
 The following are the particulars of the several subjects in which 
 Candidates shall be examined :• — 
 
 I.— LATIN. 
 The Paper in Latin shall contain passages to be translated into English, from a 
 subject to be selected by the Senate one year and a half previously,* with questions 
 in History and Geography. A separate Paper shall be set containing questions in 
 Latin Grammar, with simple and easy sentences of English to be translated into 
 Latin. 
 
 * The Latin subjects for 187? and 1873 are — 
 
 For 1872 -.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, Book XV., and Epistolae ex Ponto, 
 
 Book H. 
 For 1873 -.—Lmy, Book XXXIX. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. "fll 
 
 2.— GREEK. 
 The Paper in Greek shall contain passages to be translated into English, from a 
 subject to be selected by the Senate one year and a half previously,* with questions 
 in Grammar, History, and Geography. 
 
 FRENCH. 
 The Paper in French shall contain passages to be translated into English, with 
 easy sentences of English to be translated into French, and simple questions in 
 Grammar (Accidence and Syntax). 
 
 GERMAN. 
 The Paper in German shall contain passages to be translated into English, with 
 easy sentences of English to be translated into German, and simple questions in 
 Grammar (Accidence and Syntax). 
 
 ITALIAN. 
 The Paper in Italian shall contain passages to be translated into English, with 
 easy sentences of English to be translated into Italian, and simple questions in 
 Grammar (Accidence and Syntax). 
 
 3.— ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. 
 Writing out the substance of a paragraph previously read by the Examiner. 
 The Grammatical Structure of the Language. 
 
 Composition on one of several subjects prescribed by the Examiner. 
 Other special subjects to be prescribed from time to time. 
 
 ENGLISH HISTORY. 
 Outlines of the History of England to the end of the Seventeenth Century. 
 
 MODERN GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 Physical Geography. — Topographical Geography. 
 
 The English subjects for 1872 are — History of English Literature during the 
 latter half of the Seventeenth Century. Shakespeare : Richard II. Hooker : Eccle- 
 siastical Polity, Book I. (Clarendon Press EcUtion, by R. W. Church). Marsh : 
 Lectures on the English Language, I. — VIII. 
 
 4.— MATHEMATICS. 
 Arithmetic. 
 
 The ordinary Rules of Arithmetic. 
 
 Vulgar and Decimal Fractions. 
 
 Extraction of the Square Root. 
 Algebra. 
 
 Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division of Algebraical Quan- 
 tities. 
 
 Proportion. 
 
 Arithmetical and Geometrical Progression. 
 
 Simple Equations. 
 Geometry. 
 
 The subjects of the First Book of Euclid. 
 
 S.— NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 
 Mechanics. 
 
 Composition and Resolution of Statical Forces. 
 
 Simple Machines [Mechanical Powers) : — Ratio of the Power to the Weight 
 
 in each. 
 Centre of Gravity. 
 General Laws of Motion, with the chief Experiments by which they may be 
 
 illustrated. 
 Law of the Motion of Falling Bodies, 
 
 * The Greek subjects for 1872 and 1873 are — 
 
 For 1872 :— Homer, Iliad, Book XVIL 
 For 1873 : — Xenophon, AJnabasis, Book IV. 
 
424 :SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Hydrostatics, Hydraulics, and Pneumatics. 
 
 Pressure of Liquids and Gases, its equal diffusion, and variation with the 
 depth. 
 
 Specific Gravity, and modes of detertnining it. 
 
 The Barometer, the Siphon, the Common Pump and Forcing Purapj and 
 the Air-Pamp. 
 Optics. 
 
 Laws of Reflection and Refraction. 
 
 Formation of Images by Simple Lenses. 
 The Questions in Natural Philosophy will be of a strictly elementary character. 
 
 6.— CHEMISTRY. 
 
 Heat — its sources. Expansion. Thermometers — relations between differe,nt Scales 
 in common use. Difference between Temperature and Quantity of Heat. 
 Specific and Latent Heat. Clariometers. Liquefaction. Ebullition. Evapora- 
 tion. Conductions Convection. Radiation. 
 
 Chemistry of the following Non-MetaUic Elements — Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon, 
 Nitrogen, Chlorine, Sulphur, Phosphorus, Silicon; — including their Compounds 
 as enumerated below — their chief physical and chemical characters — and their 
 characteristic tests. 
 
 Combining Proportions by weight and by volume. General Nature of Acids, Bases, 
 and Salts. Symbols and Nomenclature. 
 
 The Atmosphere — its constitution ; effects of Animal and Vegetable life upon de- 
 composition. 
 
 Combustion. Structure and properties of Flame. Coal Gas.. Nature and composi- 
 tion of ordinary Fuel., 
 
 Water. Chemical peculiarities of Natural Waters, such as rain-water, river-water, 
 spring-water, sea-water. 
 
 Carbonic Acid. Carbonic Oxide. Sulphuric, Hydrochloric, and Nitric Acids. 
 Aminonia. Sulphuretted Hydrogen, SUica. 
 
 BOTANY AND VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY. 
 
 Elementary tissues and chief chemical constituents of Plants. 
 
 Respiration, Endosmose, ascent of Sap, fixation of Carbon. 
 
 Cell-formation and Cell-contents ; Starch, Gum, OH, Sugar, Wax, Alkaloids. 
 
 General characters and functions of Root, Stem (wood and bark), Leaf, Stamen, 
 Pistil, Fruit, Seed. 
 
 Fertilisation of Crj-ptogams and Phaenogams : Germination ; Propagation by Division. 
 
 Phyllotaxis, Metamorphosis, Vernation, .Estivation, Stipulation, Placentation. 
 
 Classification of Plants into Phaenogams and Cryptogams ; — Cellular and Vascular ; — 
 Acotyledons, Monocotyledons, and Dicotyledons (Angiosperms and Gymno- 
 sperms) ; Endogens and Exogens. 
 
 Distinctive Characters of the principal British Natural Orders, viz. ; Dicotyledons, 
 Ranunculacese, Cruciferse, CaryophyUese, Leguminosse, Rosacese, Umbelliferse, 
 Compositse, Scrophulariaceae, Labiatse, Amentacese ; Monocotyledons; Orchidesa, 
 LiUacese, Cyperaceae, Gram'ineae; Acotyledons, FiUces, Musci, Lichens, Algse, 
 Fungi. , ■ 
 
 Demonstration of the Botanical Characters of Plants upon large and conspicuous 
 Specimens [provided by the Examiners]. 
 
 Derivation and meaning of the following teiins, and demonstration of their application 
 on Specimens [provided by the Examiners] : — Thalamifloral, calycifioral, coroUi- 
 fioral : hypogynous, perigynous, epigynous : monandrous, diandrous, &c. : indi- 
 vidual, variety, species, genus,'order, class, kingdom. 
 Candidates for this and other Botanical Examinations are expected to bring with 
 
 them a Pocket-Lens or Simple Microscope of two powers, and also a sharp Penknife. 
 Particulars of the days and hours appointed for Examinations upon special subjects 
 
 vrill be supplied by the Registrar. 
 
 On Monday Morning at Nine o'clock in the week next but one ensuing, the Exa- 
 miners shall publish a List of the Candidates who have passed, arranged in an 
 
 Honours Division, a First Division, and a Second Division, each in Alphabetical 
 
 order. 
 A Pass Certificate signed by the Registrar shall be delivered to each Candidate who 
 
 shall apply for it, after the Report of the Examiners shall have been approved by the 
 
 Senate. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. 425 
 
 Certificates of Higher Proficiency. — Any Candidate who has passed the 
 foregoing General Examination may be examined for a Special Certifi- 
 cate of Higher Proficiency in any one or more of the following sub- 
 jects, either in the same year or in different years, provided that she 
 give notice of her intention Two Calendar Months before the com- 
 mencement of the General Examination : — (i) Latin, (2) Greek, (3) 
 French, (4) Gerrrian, (5) Italian, (6) English, (7) Mathematics and 
 Mechanical Philosophy, (8) Natural Philosophy and Chemistry, (9) 
 Botany, (10) Human Physiology, (11) Geology and Palaeontology, (12) 
 Political Economy, (13) Logic and Moral Philosophy, (14) Harmony 
 and Counterpoint. 
 
 The Examinations for these Certificates shall commence on the day 
 immediately following the Third Monday in May. 
 
 Candidates for a Certificate in Latin shall be Examined in any of the 
 following subjects :-— 
 
 Virgil . . . 
 Horace . . , The Odes. 
 Ccesar . . . The Gallic War. 
 Sallust . . . The "War with Catiline. 
 
 Cicero . . . The Orations Pro A. Cluentio, Fro Milone ; the Second Philip- 
 pic ; and the Brutus. 
 Zivji .... Books I., II., and III. 
 Tacitus . . , Agiucola and Germania. 
 Translation into English, with Latin Composition, and Questions in Grammar, 
 History, and Geography. 
 
 This Examination shall occupy three periods, each of three hours. 
 Candidates for a Certificate in Greek shall be Examined in any of 
 the following subjects : — 
 
 Homer . . . The First Six Books of the Iliad, and Boolis IX., X., XI., and 
 
 XII. of the Odyssey. 
 ^schylus . . Prometheus. 
 Sophocles . . CEdipus Tyrannus. 
 Euripides . . Medea. 
 Herodotus . , Book VII. 
 Thucydides . Book I. 
 Xenophon . . The Anabasis. 
 Demosthenes . The Olynthiacs and the Philippics. 
 Translation into English, with Questions in Grammar, History, and Geography. 
 
 This Examination shall occupy three periods, each of three hours. 
 
 Candidates for a Certificate either in French, in German, or in 
 Italian shall be Examined (i) in Translation from either Language into 
 English, and in Translation from English into either Language : (2) by 
 Questions relating to a period of the Literature to be previously speci- 
 fied : and (3) as to their power of maintaining a Conversation in the 
 Language they select ; in regard, on the one hand, to their ready com- 
 prehension of questions addressed to them by the Examiners, and on 
 the other to the inteUigibility and grammatical correctness of their 
 replies. 
 
 Each of these Examinations shall occupy three periods, each of three 
 hours. 
 
 Candidates for a Certificate in English (including History and 
 Geography) shall be Examined in subjects to be defined from time to 
 time, and in original Composition upon questions arising out of the 
 Authors selected for Examination. 
 
 This Examination shall occupy four periods, each of three hours. 
 
426 SOATS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 In the year 1872 the Examination in French Literature will be limited to (l) 
 TEloquence de la Chaire au XVIIe sifecle, (2) Pascal, Vauvenargues, (3) Montesquieu. 
 The Examination in German Literature will be limited to the Romantic Poets of the 
 First Half of the Nineteenth Century, more particularly to Uhland, Riickert, Schulze, 
 Lenau, and Griin. 
 
 The English subjects for 1872 are — 
 
 English History of the Tudor. Period. 
 
 Bacon : History of the Reign of Henry VII. (A. Murray's Reprint). 
 
 E. Herbert: Life and Reign of Henry VIII. (A. Murray's Reprint). 
 
 Dryden : Essay on Dramatic Poesy. 
 
 Milton : Paradise Lost. 
 
 Havelck the Dane (SkSat's Edition, Early English Text Society). 
 
 Candidates for a Certificate in Mathematics and Mechanical 
 Philosophy shall be Examined in the following subjects : — 
 
 MATHEMATICS. 
 Arithmetic. 
 
 The ordinary Rules of Arithmetic. 
 Vulgar and Decimal Fractions. 
 Extraction of the Square Root. 
 Algebra. 
 
 Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division of Algebraical Quantities. 
 Algebraical Proportion and Variation. 
 Permutations and Combinations. 
 Arithmetical and Geometrical Progression. 
 
 Simple and Compound Interest ; Discount and Annuities for terms of years. 
 Simple and Quadratic Equations, and Questions producing them. 
 The nature and use of Logarithms. 
 Geometry. 
 
 The relations of Similar Figures. 
 
 The Eleventh Book of Euclid to Prop. 21, or the subjects thereof; together 
 
 with the elementary properties of the Cylinder, Cone, and Sphere, 
 
 treated geometrically. 
 The equation to the Straight Line and the equation to the Circle referred to 
 
 rectangular co-ordinates. 
 The equations to the Conic Sections referred to rectangular co-ordinates. 
 Plane Trigonometry. 
 
 Plane Trigonometry as far as to enable the Candidate to solve all the cases 
 
 of Plane Triangles. 
 The expression for the Area of a Triangle in terms of its sides. 
 
 MECHANICAL PHILOSOPHY. 
 The following subjects are to be treated Experimentally, and also Matheraatitally 
 so far as the subjects of the former part of the Examination are applicable to them : — 
 Statics. 
 
 Elementary Statics, including the Resolution of Forces, the Mechanical 
 Powers, the Centre of Gravity, and simple cases of Equilibrium of 
 bodies or systems of bodies under the action of Gravity. 
 Dynamics. 
 
 Elementary Dynamics, including the Laws of Motion, and Propositions 
 required for determining the Rectilinear Motion of a body, whether free 
 or along inclined planes. 
 Motion of Projectiles, and the simpler cases of Motion round Centres of 
 Force. 
 Hydrostatics, Hydraulics, and Pneumatics. 
 
 Elementary Propositions respecting the nature, transmission, and intensity 
 of Fluid Pressure ; and the Conditions of Equilibrium of Floating 
 bodies. 
 Nature and simple properties of Elastic Fluids ; and the Pressures produced 
 
 by them. 
 Specific Gravity, and modes of determining it. 
 The Common Pump and Forcing-Pump. 
 The Hydrostatic Press. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. 4^7 
 
 The Barometer. 
 The Air-Pump. 
 The Steara-Engine. 
 Optics (Geometrical). 
 
 Laws of Reflexion and Refraction ; Reflexion at plane mirrors ; Reflexion 
 at spherical mirrors, and Refraction through lenses, the incident pencils 
 being direct. 
 Separation of Solar Light into rays of different colours ; Description of the 
 Solar Spectrum. Description of the Eye; Simple Optical Instru- 
 ments ; Camera Obscura ; Reflecting and Refracting Telescopes. 
 Acoustics. ♦ 
 
 Nature of Sounds ; mode of Propagation ; Musical Tones, and simple 
 propositions respecting them. 
 Optics (Physical). 
 
 Fundamental Hypotheses of the Undulatory Theory respecting the Origin 
 
 and Propagation of Light. 
 General explanation of Interferences ; formation of Newton's Rings, with 
 descriptions of simple experiments which elucidate the effects of 
 Interference. 
 Polarized Light, with the description of simple experimental modes of pro- 
 ducing it. 
 Astronomy. 
 
 Systems of Great Circles to which the positions of the Heavenly Bodies are 
 
 referred. 
 Principal Phenomena depending on the Motion of the Earth round the Sun, 
 
 and its Rotatory Motion round its own axis. 
 General description of the Solar System. 
 General explanation of Solar and Lunar Eclipses. 
 The Mathematical treatment of this subject will requfre the application of the 
 elements of Spherical Trigonometry, viz., Circles of the Sphere — Measures of the 
 sides and angles of Spherical Triangles — Supplemental Triangle. 
 
 This Examination shall occupy two periods, each of three hours. 
 Candidates for a Certificate in Natural Philosophy, and in 
 Chemistry, shall be Examined in the following subjects : — 
 
 NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 
 Heat. 
 
 Sources of Heat; conduction — convection. 
 
 Effects of Heat ; expansion generally — of water — of gases and vapours ; 
 liquefaction ; vaporization ; latent heat ; expansive force of steam ; 
 dew-point ; gases and vapours compared. 
 
 Specific Heat. 
 
 Thermometers ; Pyrometers. 
 
 Heat in the Radiant State. 
 Electricity. 
 
 Sources of Electricity. 
 
 Static Electricity ; dual character — insulation-^induction — specific inductive 
 capacity — equivalent antithetic states — disruptive discharge— convec- 
 tion ; Electroscopes — Leyden Jar, &c. 
 
 Dynamic Electricity ; Conduction — the electric current — derived currents — 
 induction of currents— Voltaic Pile, and other Voltaic arrangements. 
 
 Thermo-Electricity ; Electro-Thermometer. 
 Magnetism. 
 
 Magnets, the Earth, &c. ; Induction — communication — retention — magnetic 
 relations of iron, steel, &c. 
 
 Electro-Magnetism — as in the spark — in conducting media — in soft iron ; 
 Magneto-Electricity; principle of Electro-magnetic and Magneto- 
 electric machines. 
 
 Terrestrial Magnetism. 
 
 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 
 
 Matter ; simple and compound. 
 
 Elementary bodies classed. Metallic and Non-MetaUic bodies. 
 
4=8 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Cliemical combination and Mechanical Jlixture. Solution. 
 
 Outlines of Crystallography. Isomorphism. Dimorphism. Allotropic conditions 
 
 of matter. Chemical affinity. Laws of Combination by weight and by volume, 
 
 as deduced from the history of the individual elements. Equivalent Numbere. 
 
 Equivalent Volumes. Symbolical Notation, including questions on the Unitary 
 
 System. Formulae. Nomenclature. 
 Chemical actions produced under the influence of Heat. Nature of Combustion. 
 
 Structure and properties of Flame. Principles of Illumination. Chemical 
 
 action of Light. Photography. 
 Oxygen. Ozone. 
 
 Hydrogen. Water. t 
 
 Nitrogen. Chemical constitution of the Atmosphere. Diffusion of Gases. The 
 
 Oxides of Nitrogen ; Nitric Acid. Ammonia. 
 Chlonne, Bromine, and Iodine. Their compounds with Oxygen and Hydrogen. 
 
 Theory of Bleaching. 
 Fluorine and Hydrofluoric Acid. 
 Sulphur. Sulphurous Acid. Manufacture and Chemical applications of Sulphuric 
 
 Acid. Other Oxygen compounds pf Sulphur. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. 
 Phosphorus. Oxygen and Hydrogen compounds of Phosphorus. Theory of Acids. 
 
 Monobasic, Dibasic, and Tiibasic Acids. 
 Carbon. Carbonic Oxide and Carbonic Acid. The principal Hj'drogen compounds 
 
 of Carbon. Manufacture of Coal Gas. 
 Silicon and Boron. Their compounds with the elements previously enumerated. 
 Metals. Characters of metals as a Class. Metallurgical Processes. Alloys. Clas- 
 sification of the Metals. 
 Potassium. Nitre. Gunpowder. Theory of the action of Gunpowder. 
 Sodium. Manufactiure of Carbonate of Soda. 
 Barium. Strontium. Calcium. Mortars. Cements. 
 Magnesium. Aluminum. Glass. Porcelain. 
 Manganese. Iron. Composition and properties of Cast Iron, Wrought Iron, and 
 
 Steel. Chromium. 
 Cobalt. Nickel. Zinc. Cadmium. 
 Lead. Manufacture of White Lead, 
 
 Copper. Mercury. Bismuth. Tin. Arsenic. Antimony. 
 Silver. Gold. Platinum. 
 Principal compounds of the Metals with the Non-Metallic elements. Theory of 
 
 Salts. 
 Principles of Mineral Analysis. 
 Principles of Electro-Chemistry. 
 
 This Examination shall occupy two periods, each of three hours. 
 
 Candidates for a Certificate in Botany shall be Examined in (i) Vege- 
 table Physiology, and (2) Systematic Botany; including the Structural 
 and Physiological characters of the principal Natural Orders of the 
 Vegetable Kingdom. 
 
 This Examination shall occupy two periods, each of three hours. 
 Candidates for a Certificate in Human Physjology shall be Examined 
 in the following subjects : — 
 
 The general relations of the different Organs of the Body one to another. 
 
 The structure, composition, and properties of the Elementary Tissues. 
 
 The Balance between the Nutrition and the Waste of the Body. 
 
 The composition and properties of the Blood and Lymph. 
 
 The mechanism of the Circulation, with so much of the anatomy of the Organs of 
 Circulation as is necessaiy for understanding its principal phenomena. 
 
 The processes of Alimentation, Respiration, Perspiration, and Renal excretion ; with 
 the essential anatomy of the Organs by which these functions are performed. 
 
 The active and passive Organs of Motion ; cilia ; muscles ; bones ; joints. 
 
 Muscular Contractility ; Rigor Mortis ; Animal Mechanics, or the conditions of Loco- 
 motion, and of the production of Voice and Speech. 
 
 The general structure of the Brain, Spinal Chord, and Nerves, and the properties of 
 the diff'erent constituents of the Nervous System. 
 
 The structure and mode of operation of the Organs of the Senses ; the Physiology of 
 Sensation. 
 
QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY IN IRELAND. 429 
 
 The Candidate will be expected to recognise the various Elementary Tissues under 
 the Microscope ; and to have so much knowledge of Physiological Anatomy as may 
 be obtained by studying the principal organs of one of the commoner Domestic 
 Animals. 
 
 This Examination shall occupy two periods, each of three hours. 
 Candidates for a Certificate in Geology and Palaeontology shall be 
 Examined in the following subjects : — 
 
 Elementary portions of Descriptive Geology, including the general description, suc- 
 cession, and classification of Stratified Rodcs ; Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes ; 
 general description of Coal Mines and Mineral Veins, and their principal locahties 
 in the British Islands ; the more simple phenomena connected with the elevation 
 and disruption of Stratified Masses. 
 
 General stratigrap'hical distribution of Orgatiic Remains. 
 
 This Examination shall occupy two periods, each of three hours. 
 
 The Examination for a Certificate in Political Economy shall occupy 
 two periods, each of three hours. 
 
 Candidates for a Certificate in Logic and Moral Philosophy shall 
 be Examined in the following subjects : — 
 
 Names, Notions, and Propositions. 
 
 Syllogism. 
 
 Induction and Subsidiary Operations. 
 
 The Senses. 
 
 The Intellect. 
 
 The Emotions. 
 
 The Will. 
 
 The Theory of Ethics. 
 
 This Examination shall occupy two periods, each of three hours. 
 
 The Examination for a Certificate in Harmony and Counterpoint 
 shall be conducted by means of Printed Papers only, and shall occupy 
 two periods, each of three hours. 
 
 A Certificate under the Seal of the University, and signed by the 
 Chancellor, shall be delivered to each Candidate who has passed in 
 either of the foregoing subjects. 
 
 QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY IN IRELAND. 
 
 Examinations for Women. — Examinations are held annually in 
 June, one for Senior and another for Junior Candidates. Junior Can- 
 didates must not be above eighteen years of age on the ist of June in 
 the year of their Examination. 
 
 Examinations will be held at any place where a Ladies' Superin- 
 tending Committee shall be constituted, and at least twenty Candidates 
 guaranteed to present themselves. 
 
 An Examiner will be sent to each place, who, in conjunction with . 
 the Ladies' Committee, will arrange the details of the Examination. 
 
 The Certificate given to each successful Candidate will specify 
 the subjects in which she has answered with credit, or satisfied, the 
 Examiners. 
 
430 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 EXAMINATION OF JUNIOR CANDIDATES. 
 
 Obligatory Group. 
 
 I. All Candidates will be required to satisfy tlie Examiners in — 
 
 1. Reading aloud a passage from some English author. 
 
 2. Writing from Dictation. 
 
 3. The analysis and parsing of a passage taken from Shakespeare's Merchant 
 
 of Venice (the Clarendon Press Edition). 
 
 A few questions suggested by the Play wUl be added. 
 
 4. Writing a short English Composition. 
 
 5. Arithmetic. 
 
 No Candidate wiU be passed who cannot work the first four' rules, simple 
 and compound. 
 
 6. Geography. 
 
 Every Candidate will be required to fill up an outline Map (of either 
 Ireland, England, Europe, or North America), by inserting the chief ranges 
 of mountains, the chief rivers, and chief towns. 
 
 Questions will also be set in Geography. 
 
 7. Outlines of English History, including the succession of sovereigns, the chief 
 
 events, and the characters of the leading men, in each reign. 
 
 N.B. — The quality of the handwriting and the spelling In the several Exercises will 
 be taken into account. 
 
 Optional Subjects. 
 
 II. Every Candidate will be required, also, to offer herself for Examination in one, 
 at least, of the following subjects : — 
 
 1. Latin. 
 
 Passages will be set from Caesar's " Gallic War,'' Book I., and from 
 Virgil's ".^neid," Book II. ; with grammatical and general questions. 
 Candidates may take either of the two authors, or both. 
 
 Also a passage of English (with the Latin words supplied) for translation 
 into Latin. 
 
 2. Greek. 
 
 A passage will be set from Book III. of Xenophon's "Anabasis,'' for 
 translation into English, with grammatical and general questions. 
 
 A passage, not lyrical, from the "Medea" of Euripides, for translatibn 
 into English. 
 
 3. French. 
 
 A passage will be set from " La Famille Alain," by Alphonse Karr, for 
 translation into English, with grammatical and general questions. 
 A passage from a modern French author for translation into English. 
 English sentences for translation into French. 
 
 4. German. 
 
 A passage will be set from Paul Heyse's "Novellen," Vol. I., for trans- 
 lation into English, with grammatical and general questions. 
 
 A passage fi'om some other modern German author for translation into 
 English. 
 
 English sentences for translation into German. 
 
 5. Italian. 
 
 A passage will be set from Ferri's " Morceaux choisisde la Littfiratufe 
 ItaUenne." 
 
 A passage from some other modem Italian author for translation into 
 English. 
 
 English sentences for translation into Italian. 
 
 6. Mathematics. 
 
 Euclid, Book I, 
 
 Arithmetic. 
 
 Algebra, to Simple Equations, inclusive. 
 
QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY IN IRELAND. 431 
 
 EXAMINATION OF SENIOR CANDIDATES. 
 
 Obligatory Group. 
 
 I. All Candidates will be required to satisfy the Examiners in — 
 
 1. Writing from Dictation. 
 
 2. Analysis of English sentences and parsing, and correction of faulty sentences. 
 
 3. A short English Composition. 
 
 4. Arithmetic. 
 
 5. Geography. 
 
 Every Candidate will be required to fill up an outline Map of some 
 country in Europe to be named by the Examiners, by inserting the chief 
 ranges of mountains, the chief rivers, and the chief towns. 
 
 Questions will also be set in Geography. 
 
 6. OutBnes of EngUsh History, including the succession of sovereigns, the chief 
 
 events, and the characters of the leading men, in each reign. 
 
 N.B.— The quality of the handwriting and the spelling in the several Exercises 
 will be talien into account. 
 
 Optional Subjects. 
 
 Every Candidate will also be required to satisfy the Examiners in two at least of 
 the following sections, of which one shall be either A, B, or C. 
 
 Section A. — English. 
 
 A fair knowledge of one of the follovring subjects will enable a Candidate to pass 
 in this section : — 
 
 1. English History of one of the following periods : — 1603 — 1606 ; 1660 — 17 14 ; 
 
 1727 — 1800 : and the outlines of the History of English Literature during the 
 period selected. 
 
 2. English Language and Literature — the following course i — ^Rushton's "Rules 
 
 and Cautions;" Trench's "Study of Words;" Marsh's Lectures, I. to 
 XIX. inclusive ; Spalding's " History of English Literature ; " Shakespeare's 
 " Macbeth" and " Merchant of Venice" (Clarendon Press Edition) ; Bacon's 
 Essays, I — 30 (Wright's Edition). 
 
 Section B. — Languages. 
 
 A fair knowledge of one of the following languages wUl enable a Candidate to pass 
 in this section ; — 
 
 1. Latin. 
 
 Any two of the following, provided that one of the books selected be in 
 prose and the other in verse. 
 
 Virgil— ^neid, Book II. 
 
 Virgil— ^neid. Book VI. 
 
 Ovid — Ramsay's Selections. 
 
 Cicero — Pro Archil. 
 
 Tacitus — Agricola. 
 
 Tacitus — Germania. 
 ' An easy passage from some other Latin author for translation into 
 English. 
 
 A passage of English, with occasional Latin words or expressions sup- 
 plied, for translation into Latin. 
 
 2. Greek. 
 
 Any two of the foUovring, provided that one of the books selected be in 
 prose, and the other in verse : — 
 Homer— Iliad, Book XVIII. 
 Homer — Odyssey, Book VI. 
 Sophocles — ^Ajax. 
 Plato — The Apology of Socrates. 
 Xenophon — ^Anabasis, Books I., 11. 
 Xenophon — Cyropsedia, Books I., II. 
 
 3. French. 
 
 De Vigny — Cinq Mars, 
 
432 so^rs AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Ponsard — L'Honneur et 1' Argent." 
 
 A passage for translation into English will also be selected from some 
 other modern French author, and a passage from a modern English author 
 will be given for translation into French. 
 
 4. German. 
 
 Groethe — Dichtung und AVahrheit, Books I., II., III. 
 
 Schiller — Braut von Messina. 
 
 A passage for translation into English will also be selected from some 
 other modern German author, and a passage from a modem English author 
 will be given for translation into German, ' 
 
 5. Italian. 
 
 D'Azeglio — Ettore Fieramosca. 
 
 Leopardi — Canti. 
 
 A passage for translation into English will also be selected from some 
 other modem Italian author, and a passage from a modem English author 
 win be given for translation into Italian. 
 
 Section C. — Mathematics. 
 
 Euclid, Books I., II., III. 
 
 Algebra to the end of Quadratic Equations. 
 
 Section D. — Logic and Political Economy. 
 Fowler's Deductive Logic (Clarendon Press Series). 
 Fawcett's Manual of Pohtical Economy. 
 
 Section E. — Natural Sciences. 
 
 A fair knowledge of one of the following subjects will enable a Candidate to pass 
 in this section : — 
 
 Astronomy. — The first eleven chapters of Herschel's Outlines of Astronomy. 
 
 Chemistry. — ^Text-tooks — Roscoe's Lessons in Elementary Chemistry ; WiUiam- 
 son's Chemistry for Students (Clarendon Press Series) ; Galloway's First Step in 
 Chemistry. For consultation — Miller's Elements of Chemistry. 
 
 Heat. — Ganot's Physics, Book VI., or Balfour Stewart's Elementary Treatise on 
 Heat. ~ 
 
 Sound. — Tyndall's Lectures on Sound. 
 
 Botany. — Text-books — Oliver's Lessons in Elementary Botany; Henfrey's Ele- 
 mentary Course of Botany. For consultation — -Asa Gray's Stmctural and Systematic 
 Botany ; Balfour's Class-book of Botany ; Traits General de Botanique ; Maout et 
 Decaisne. 
 
 Zoology. — Text-books — ^Patterson's Zoology for Schools ; Huxley's Lessons in 
 Elementary Physiology ; Milne Edwards's Cours Elementaire de Zoologie. For con- 
 sultation — Dallas's Natural History of the Animal Kingdom. 
 
 Physical Geography. — Text-books — Herschel's Physical Geography; Page's Ad- 
 vanced Text-book in Physical Geography. For consultation — Ansted's Physical 
 Geography ; Maury's Physical Geography of the Sea ; Humboldt's Cosmos ; John- 
 ston's Physical Atlas. 
 
 Geology. — Text-books — ^Jukes's Manual of Geology ; Page's Advanced Text-book 
 in Geology. For consultation — Lyell's Principles of Geology ; Lyell's Manual of 
 Elementary Geology ; Murchison's Siluria ; Ramsay's Physical Geography and 
 Geology of Great Britain. 
 
 Fees. — Every Candidate, whether Senior or Junior, will be requked to pay a Fee 
 oI£i. This Fee must be paid to the Secretary of_the University on or before the 
 first Saturday in May. It will not in any case be returned ; but if notice of with- 
 drawal be given fourteen days before the Examination begins, the sum paid will be 
 allowed to stand to the Candidate's credit for a future Examination. 
 
 Secrdary, G. Johnstone Stoney, M.A, 
 
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. 433 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. 
 
 Education of Women in Medicine. — Women are admitted to the 
 study of Medicine in the University, and their instruction is conducted 
 in separate Classes. 
 
 Women not intending to study Medicine professionally may be ad- 
 mitted to such of these Classes, or to such part of the Courses of Instruc- 
 tion, as the University Court may from time to time approve. 
 
 All Women attending such Classes are subject to the Regulations of 
 the University as to the Matriculation of Students, their attendance on 
 Classes, Examination, or otherwise. 
 
 The Fee for the full Course of Instruction in such Classes is £6, 4s. for each Class, 
 subject to an increase if the number of Students should be too small to meet the 
 necessary expenses. 
 
 Particulars as to the Women's Classes in operation, or in contemplation, may be 
 obtained by application to the Dean of the Medical Faculty. (See Note, .p. 434.) 
 
 Dean, J. H. Balfour, Esq. 
 
 MEDICAL SCHOLARSHIPS FOR WOMEN. 
 
 Two Scholarships of the yearly value of ^^25 each, tenable for three 
 years, are offered to Women who need such assistance in order to pursue 
 the study of Medicine, and will be awarded according to the results of a 
 Competitive Examination, to be held in Edinburgh. 
 
 This Examination will be coincident with the Preliminary Exa- 
 mination in Arts of the University of Edinburgh, and those passing it 
 successfully thus insure registration as Medical Students. The Subjects 
 of Examination are : — 
 
 I — Compulsory Subjects : — 
 
 (a) English — comprising Dictation, Grammar, Analysis and Composition, 
 
 with Definitions and Derivations of Words. 
 
 (b) Latin — Virgil's ^neid. Book IX. ; Grammar ; Translation of easy 
 
 passages into Latin and English. 
 
 (c) Arithmetic, including Decimals. 
 
 (d) Elements of Mathematics— EucM, Books I., II., and III. ; Algebra, 
 
 Simple Equations. 
 II. — Optional Subjects — of which two (and only two) must be taken, the pre-, 
 ference being given to success in those marked* : — 
 
 * (e) Elements of Mechanics and Hydrostatics. 
 
 * (f) Greek — Xenophon's " Anabasis," Book IV. 
 (g) French — Voltaire's " Henriade." 
 
 (h) German — Schiller's "Death of Wallenstein." 
 
 (i) Higher Mathematics— Enclid, Books I. to VI. ; Algebra; Trigonometry ; 
 
 Conic Sections, 
 (j) Natural Philosophy— Bilfonr Stewart's " Elementary Physics." 
 
 * (k) Logic — Fowler's "Elements of Deductive Logic." 
 
 * (1) MoralPhilosophy— Stewsxt's" Outlines," Fait U. (M'Cosh.) 
 
 The successful Candidates will be required to enter immediately upon 
 a full Course of Medical Study in one of the European Universities open 
 to Women, or in some recognised Medical School in Great Britain or 
 Ireland ; and will be expected, from time to time, to furnish evidence of 
 their diligent pursuit of professional study. Should no Candidate fully 
 satisfy the Examiners, the Scholarships wUl not be awarded. 
 
 It is not at present known whether these or similar Scholarships will 
 
 F F 
 
434 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 be continued annually ; but there being a growing desire for the Medical 
 Education of Women, and new organisations springing up to promote 
 that object, it is probable that Scholarships in larger number and greater 
 value will hereafter be announced. Inquiries will be answered by 
 Mrs. Anderson, M.D., 
 
 20, Upper Berkeley Street, London, W. ; or. 
 Miss Jex-Blake, 
 
 15, Bucdeuch Place, Edinburgh. 
 
 *„* Since the foregomg Regulations were promulgated, the Course of Female 
 Medical Instruction at the University has been rendered uncertain by resolutions of 
 the Senatus Academicus unfavourable to the admission of Females to Medical Study. 
 The advocates and the objectors are, however, pretty equal in number and influence. 
 A Committee has been appointed for the promotion of the Medical Education of 
 "Women, and to watch over the interests of the Ladies who have already commenced 
 Medical Studies at the University. 
 
 Female Medical College. President, the Earl of Shaftes- 
 bury, K.G. . Objects. — i. To Promote the Employment of properly 
 Educated Women in the Practice of Midwifery and the Treatment of 
 the Diseases of Women and Children. 2. To Provide Educated Women 
 with proper facilities for Learning the Theory and Practice of Midwifery 
 and the accessory branches of Medical Science. 
 
 Course of Instruction. — Midwifery, and the Diseases of Pregnancy, 
 Parturition, and Lactation ; Outlines of Medical Science ; Anatomy and 
 Physiology ; Hygiene and Preventive Medicine ; Elementary Chemistry ; 
 Materia Medica; Diseases of Women; Diseases of Infants. The 
 minimum curriculum recommended for ladies intending to practise 
 Midwifery comprises : — i. Attendance during Two Winter Sessions 
 upon all the Obstetrical and Supplementary Courses of Lectures. 
 2. Attendance during the intervening Summer upon Clinical Practice at 
 a Lying-in Hospital or Maternity Charity, with personal attendance 
 upon at least twenty-five deliveries under the superintendence of an 
 adequately qualified Midwife or registered Medical Practitioner. 
 
 Fees. — Compound Fee for Two Sessions' attendance upon the Obstetric and 
 Supplementary Classes, ^fio los. For each of the extra Classes, one Session, 
 £1 IS.; Two Sessions, £1 lis. 6d. Additional Classes will be formed at the 
 request of twelve Students. Ladies may enter separately to any one or more Courses 
 of Lectures. 
 
 Donations, &c. — The College is designed to become self-supporting, 
 but at .present funds are needed to provide a Museum of Illustration 
 and Library of Reference, and to consolidate the Institution by obtain- 
 ing a Royal Charter. Contributions are also solicited to establish, in 
 connection with the College, a Dispensary for the Treatment of the 
 Diseases of Women, and to provide Midwifery attendance for poor 
 Married Women at their own homes. A Life Subscription of Ten 
 Guineas, or an Annual Subscription of One Guinea, constitutes a 
 Member of the Society, but stamps or other small contributions will be 
 gladly received. Lady Subscribers of not less than One Guinea are 
 invited to be present at the Lectures. 
 
FEMALE MEDICAL COLLEGE. 435 
 
 Practical SuppoRT.-^The address of skilled Lady Midwives, Pro^ 
 spectuses of the College, and all particulars as to the operations of the 
 Society, maybe obtained of the Lady Secretary, 164, Great Portland 
 Street, W. ; or of the Honorary Secretary, Dr. Edmunds, at 4, Fitzroy 
 Square, W., any day before one o'clock. 
 
 'No facilities for proper study being accessible to Women in England, the Ladies' 
 Medical College has been estabhshed in order to teach the theory and practice of 
 Midwifery, and the accessory branches of Medicine. The College is framed 
 upon a pmrely public basis, and without any private or personal interests. 
 It has been in operation since October, 1864, and ninety Ladies have entered 
 as students, of whom many are settled in practice in London, Birmingham, and 
 other places, and have attended a large number of patients without a single 
 casualty. Midwifery is probably the most lucrative, and certainly the most 
 womanly branch of medical practice. Now that Women may compete with 
 Men on equal terms in this branch of Medicine, it will become a valuable addition- 
 to the fields of employment open to intelligent Women. More than a hundred 
 thousand births occur every year in London alone, the fees ranging from the 
 five shillings paid to the parish midwife to the large complimentary fees given by 
 affluent ladies ; but averaging the fees at a guinea each, it follows that more than 
 ^2,000 a week is paid for Midwifery fees in London alone. The modern prejudice 
 against Midwives will soon disappear when it is known that a new order of Women, 
 on a par in ability and scientific knowledge with medical Men, have devoted them- 
 selves to obstetrical work. 
 
 There is one subject in which I have long felt a deep and deepening concern. 
 To be brief and plain, I refer to " man-midwifery " in all its relations, professional, 
 social, statistical, and moral. I may, if some one better able does not speak out, on 
 some future occasion, try to make it plain, from reason and experience, that the 
 management by accoucheurs, as they are called, of natural labour, has been a greater 
 evil ;han a good. Any husband or wife, any father or mother, who will look at this 
 matter plainly, may see what an inlet there is here to possible mischief, to certain 
 unseemliness, and worse. Nature tells us, with her own voice, what is fitting in these 
 cases, and nothing but the omnipotence of custom, or the urgent ciy of peril, tenor, 
 and agony, what Luther calls miserrima miserili, would make her ask for the presence 
 of a man on such an occasion, when she hides herself and is in travail. And, as iri 
 all s.uch cases, the evil reacts on the men as a special class, and on the profession 
 itself. It is not of giave moral delinquencies I speak, and the higher crimes in this 
 region ; it is of affront to Nature, and of the revenge which she always takes on both 
 parties who actively or passively disobey her. Some of my best and most valued 
 friends are honoured members of this branch, and I believe all the real good they can 
 do, and the real evils they can prevent, in such cases would be attained if, instead of 
 attending — to their own ludicrous loss of time, health, sleep, and temper — some two 
 hundred cases of delivery every year, the immense majority of which are natural and 
 require no interference, but have, nevertheless, wasted not a httle of their life, patience, 
 and understanding, they had, as I would always have them do, and as any well- 
 educated resolute doctor of medicine ought to be able to do, confined themselves to 
 giving their advice and assistance to the midwife when she needed it. I know 
 much may be said against this — ignorance of Midwives, dreadful effects of this, &c., 
 but to all this I answer. Take pains to educate carefully and to pay well and treat 
 well these Women, and you may safely regulate ulterior ineans by the ordinary 
 general laws of surgical and medical therapeutics. Thus, instead of a man in 
 general practice, and a man, it may be, with an area of forty miles for his beat, 
 sitting for hours at the bedside of a healthy woman, his other patients meanwhile 
 doing the best or the worst they can, and it may be; as not unfrequeutly happens, two 
 or more labours going on at once ; and instead of a timid, ignorant, trusting 
 woman, to whom her Maker has given enough of sorrow, and of whom Shake- 
 speare's Constance is the type, when she says " I am sick and capable of fears, I am 
 full of fears, subject to fears ; I am a woman, and therefore naturally born to fears " — 
 being, in this hour of her agony and apprehension, subjected to the artificial misery of 
 fearing the doctor may be too late, she might have the absolute security and womanly, 
 liand and heart of one of her own sex. This subject might be argued upon statistical 
 grounds and others; but I peril it chiefly on the whole system being unnatural. 
 Therefore, for the sake of those who have borne and carried us, and whom we 
 bind ourselves to love and cherish, to comfort and honour, and who suffer so 
 
436 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 much that is inevitable from the primal curse, for its o-n-n sake, let the profession 
 look into this subject in all its bearings, honestly, fearlessly, and at once. Child- 
 bearing is a process of health ; the exceptions are few indeed, and would, I believe, 
 be fewer if we Doctors would let well alone.— Dr. John Brown, Lord Rectors 
 Assessor to the University of Edinburgh. 
 
 Hon. Secretary, Dr. James Edmunds, 164, Great Portland Street, W. 
 
 University College, London. — Department of the Fine 
 Arts, including Drawing, Painting, and Sculpture. [The follow- 
 ing Programme respecting this New Department had not been issued 
 when the notice of the College (pp. 112; 121) was printed. As, however, 
 the Department is open equally to Males and Females, the particulars 
 may be appropriately given here.] 
 
 Course of Study. — The system of instruction in vogue in England 
 some years ago, and not by any means extinct as yet in any of our 
 Schools of Art, appears to be the principal cause of that want of sound 
 knowledge of drawing and method of painting which is commonly found 
 in our Artists as compared with those of foreign schools. . This system 
 consists of a lengthened course of study from the antique before per- 
 mission is given to draw from the living model, and is open to many 
 objections. 
 
 In the first place, it reverses the natural order of things ; for until the 
 Student knows something of the construction of the human body 
 from the living model, it is impossible he can understand the generalised 
 and idealised forms in Greek Sculpture. Experience shows the extreme 
 difficulty which a Student finds in connecting the forms of the antique 
 model with those given in the anatomical books and figures before he 
 has leamt to understand them in the living figure. 
 
 In the second place, the habit acquired in Drawing for a long time, 
 sometimes through a course of two or even three years, from casts from 
 the antique, which are by their nature motionless and can always be 
 kept in exactly the same relations of light and shade, renders the Student 
 helpless when he comes to work from the living model, who can never 
 remain quite still, or take twice precisely the same position. 
 
 Thirdly, the desire of English Students to paint, exhibit, and sell 
 pictures makes them so impatient of instruction, that it is difficult to get 
 them to follow out any course to the end : hence, one result of a long 
 course from the a,ntique is, that they frequently begin to paint for exhi- 
 bition without having thoroughly acquired the habit* of working from 
 nature ; and thus finding themselves helpless before the model, they 
 trust to their own facility for working, as. far as possible, without nature, 
 aided by the small amount of probably erroneous knowledge gained !n 
 making elaborately-stippled drawings from casts; and this habit once 
 formed is never shaken off, and further knowledge is never acquired. 
 Or, on the other hand, the Student, feeling the system to be a wrong 
 one, has a profound distrust of any course of instruction, works from 
 nature, without guidance and at his own discretion, and finds his powers 
 crippled for life for want of that knowledge which a good system of 
 study in his youth would have given him. 
 
 In the Slade Schools, the study of the Living Model will be con- 
 sidered of the first and paramount importance, the study of the antique 
 
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. 437 
 
 being put into a second place, and used as a means of improving the 
 style of the Student from time to time. 
 
 A special point will therefore be made in the Slade Schools, of not 
 having the separate course of study from the antique which is customary 
 in most of our English Schools ; and in order to carry out this plan 
 effectually, there will be a General Course, in which the Students will be 
 entirely under the direction of the Professor, and which will include 
 instructions in drawing from the Antique, from the Nude Model, and 
 from the Draped Model, at a fixed and uniform fee for all Students. 
 
 In addition to this General Course, it is proposed that the Schools 
 shall be opened in the evening for study from the antique and the living 
 models — such study to consist of drawing and modelling only, the prac- 
 tice oi painting by gaslight (or other artificial light) leading to a false and 
 imperfect method of using the colours. But the convenience of those 
 Students who do not wish to attend the General Course of study will also 
 ' be consulted ; there are doubtless many Ladies, as well as Male Students, 
 who will be able to attend the Schools only three times a week ; these 
 will be admitted at a smaller fee. 
 
 Slade Scholarships. — Under the Will of the late Mr. Felix Slade, 
 six Scholarships of ;£so per annum each, and tenable for three years, 
 have been founded in the College, to be awarded to Students in Fine 
 Arts not more than nineteen years of age at the time of the award, for 
 proficiency in Drawing, Painting, and Sculpture. Two of these Scholar- 
 ships may be awarded every year. 
 
 The Regulations relating to the award of the Scholarships have not 
 yet been definitively settled by the Council of the College ; but it is 
 proposed to award the first two Scholarships to the Students who have 
 succeeded best in the following studies : — A painting of a head from 
 nature ; a drawing of a figure from nature ; a drawing of a figure from 
 the antique (these to be done in ' the Schools) ; a composition of naked 
 figures, on a prescribed subject, to be done in chalk with proper light 
 and shade. For Sculptors, the competition will consist in producing a 
 model in high relief from nature, a model in round from the antique, 
 and a composition of naked figures in low relief. The Slade Scholars 
 may be required, as one of the conditions under which the Scholarships 
 are to be held, to aid the Professor and his Assistants in superintending 
 the Junior Students. 
 
 The foregoing scheme of studies must be regarded as to some extent 
 tentative and subject, from time to time, to modifications in accordance 
 with the results of experience. • 
 
 The Classes of the Department of the Fine Arts will be held in the 
 North Wing of the College, which has been specially designed for the 
 purpose, and contains a Drawing Theatre, which is the largest ever 
 erected in this country. 
 
 The windows of this and of all the other working rooms have a 
 northerly aspect ; and much consideration haS been bestowed upon the 
 arrangements and disposition of all the inlets of light. The buildings 
 and their approaches have also been carefully desigiied in such a way 
 as to make due provision for the admission of Ladies as Students of 
 the Fine-Art School. The structural arrangements will render it easy 
 to keep the Ladies' Classes quite distinct from the others, if it should 
 be thought desirable to maintain such separation ; and in any case there 
 
438 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 will be entrances and other accommodation reserved for the exclusive 
 use of the Ladies, for whom a Female Attendant will be provided. • 
 
 Additional Classes. — An Additional Class for Ladies only may, if 
 required, be formed for study from the Draped Model in the afternoons, 
 or in the mornings in another studio. Classes for study from Animals 
 will, if necessary, be instituted under a specially-appointed instructor, to 
 be held either in the afternoons in the present Life School, or in a studio 
 built for the purpose. Anatomical Classes also may be held in a sepa- 
 rate room, under a specially-appointed instructor. It is intended that 
 special instruction in Chemistry and other branches of Science, so far as 
 they have any relation to the Fine Arts, shall be given by the several 
 Professors of those subjects in the College, under arrangements hereafter 
 settled. 
 
 Fees and Regulations. — For the General Course a Fee of Seven Guineas will 
 be charged, admitting the Student for a College Term of about eleven weeks, and 
 entitling him to the following advantages : — -The studios to be open for the Students 
 from 9j a.m. to 5 p.m. The Antique School to be open from 9J a.m. to 5 p.m. The 
 nude living model to sit for three hours every day from 9| a.m. to i p.m. (The extra 
 half-hour being the time required for the model to rest.) The draped living model to 
 sit fqr three hours every day in another studio from 10 a.m. to i| p.m. (This class is 
 especially adapted for Ladies who cannot work from the nude model.) In order, 
 however, to accommodate the class of Students mentioned above, who would not 
 wish to attend every day, two draped models will sit on alternate days ; thus, say a 
 Male Model on Monday, "Wednesday, Friday, and a FemSle Model on Tuesday, 
 Thursdayj and Saturday. For such Students the following Fees will be charged : — 
 For attendance at the draped-life school three times a week. Four Guineas per Term ; 
 for the same, including use of the Antique School, or other studios, up to 5 o'clock. 
 Five Guineas per Term. 
 
 Thus there will be a General Course of Instmction at Seven Guineas per Term, 
 giving the Student the privilege of working every day from the Draped'or the Nude 
 Model whUe they are sitting, up to i o'clock, and from i to 5 o'clock from the 
 Antique or from the Draped Lay Figure, or pursuing such other studies as the Pro- 
 fessor may direct ; it being quite understood that the Students in this Course are 
 under the direction of the Professor, who will cause them to work from the. Antique, 
 from the Nude, or firom the Draped Model, as he thinks best for them according to 
 their degree -of proficiency. And Students wishing to attend three times a week can 
 also be admitted to the Antique School and to the study of the Draped Model for a 
 smaller fee. 
 
 The Evening School will be open every evening except that of Saturday for two 
 hours and a half, from 7 to J past 9, for study from the Antique and the living Nude 
 Model, the Model to sit for two hours. The fee for admission to the Evening School 
 will be Two Guineas per Term. 
 
 University College and the Ladies' Educational Asso- 
 ciation. — ^The'LADiES' Educational Association was formed for the 
 purpose of providing superior Instruction in various branches of Know- 
 ledge for Ladies not less than seventeen ye^rs of age, and commenced 
 operations by forming Classes for the study of English Literature and 
 Experimental Physics. In future a more extensive scheme of operation 
 will be carried into effect, and numerous Classes will be conducted by 
 the Professors of University College. The Classes are held in rooms of 
 the College, to which separate entrances have been made. 
 
 The Act of Incorporation, granted to the College in 1869, authorised 
 the admission of Females to participate in the Educational advantages 
 of the Institution. Arrangements have been made in the New Build- 
 ings erected for the School of Fine Arts for the accommodation of 
 Ladies, who will be entitled to compete for the Slade Scholarship: 
 
HOME AND COLONIAL SCHOOL SOCIETf. 439 
 
 These are six in number, each of ;^so per annum,, tenable for three 
 years. 
 
 The Winter Session extends over eighteen weeks, and commences in 
 October, ending in March ; the Summer Session of eight weeks com- 
 mences in April, and ends in June. Classes are held both mornings 
 and evenings. The Programme for 1871-72 embraces a wide range of 
 . subjects. Admission to the first Lecture of each Course is by Free 
 Ticket, on application to the Honorary Secretary. 
 
 Lectures and Fees. — Latin, £^ is. for twelve Lectures ; Hebrew Language and 
 Literature, ^2 2S. ; English Language and Literature, £2, 2S. ; French Language and 
 Literature,;^! lis. 6d. ; Italian Language and Literature, ;fi Is. for every ten Lec- 
 tures; German Language and Literature, £1 us. 6d. each Course; Philosophy of 
 Mind and Logic, £2 2s. ; Jurisprudence, ^^i is. ; Hygiene and Public Health, 
 £1 lis. 6d. ; History, ;^ I IS. ; Constitutional Law and History, ;^ I lis. 6d. ; Mathe- 
 matics, £2 2s. ; Physics, £2 2s. ; Practical Chemistry, including cost of Materials, 
 £i, 4s. ; Geology, £\ is. ; Architecture, £1 Is. ; Drawing and Painting, according to 
 Subjects ; Botany, £1 Is. ; to Teachers and Governesses, los. 6d. ; German, £2 2s. ; 
 Italian, £1 is. ; to Teachers and Governesses, los. 6d. The foregoing are the Fees 
 for full Coiuses, which are frequently divided into Terms, or separate branches, as 
 Language, and Literature, at reduced Fees. Refreshments may be obtained within 
 the College. 
 
 Hon. Sec, J. E. Mylner, Esq., 
 
 27, Oxford Square, Hyde Park, W. 
 
 Home and Colonial School Society, Gray's Inn Road, 
 London. — Estabhshed 1826. Patrons: Her Majesty the Queen; 
 H.R.H. the Princess gf Wales. For the training of Governesses 
 and Female Teachers, and the extension of Education on Christian 
 principles, according to the articles of the Church of England. As the 
 demand for Teachers has continually increased, additions have been 
 made from time to time for their accommodation — of late years with the 
 aid of Government — and' now upwards of 200 Female Students are 
 constantly attending the Courses of Instruction. The great majority 
 are trained under the Government Minutes. The Committee have four 
 points especially in view : — 
 
 First. — To present in their Model Schools an improved system of 
 instruction in actual operation. 
 
 Second. — To give the Students in training an opportunity of prac- 
 tising this improved system, and carrying out the principles they are 
 taught, by committing to each in turn the care of one of the small 
 supplementary Practising Schools attached to the Institution, 
 
 Third. — To instruct them by lessons in the leading truths of our 
 Holy Religion — in the principles of Education — in Natural History, 
 Geography, and Grammar, the elements of Form and Number, Singing, 
 Linear Drawing, and Domestic Economy. 
 
 Finally. — To endeavour by letters and conversation to awaken their 
 dormant powers, and to raise the-ir standard of moral and intellectual 
 excellence; thus giving an impulse to their minds, which may carry 
 them on in the work of self-improvement when they leave the Institution. 
 
 Upwards of 3,000 Teachers, for Home, Colonial, and Foreign service, 
 have already received the benefit of the Institution. In Schools of the 
 Society 800 children are collected from a very poor and neglected 
 neighbourhood. There is a Model Infant School, a Mixed School, 
 a Middle Class School, and there are also Practising Schools and 
 
440 " SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Galleries, in which Teachers are progressively Trained in the various 
 branches of Education and School Discipline. 
 
 Class of Students under Eighteen. — The Committee, in allotting 
 a separate Establishment for the reception of Forty young persons from 
 twelve to eighteen years of age, propose to give them a good general 
 Education, and, if so required, to qualify them, after attaining eighteen 
 years of age, to become Candidates for training under the Government 
 Regulations, or, if preferred, to go out as Governesses in Private 
 Families. Pupils on entrance are placed either in the Training Class 
 or in the Upper School, according to their age and acquirements. 
 
 Two or three -months' notice is generally necessary to secure a 
 vacancy, and three months' notice, or payment for that time, is required 
 before a Student is removed, unless she is declined by the Committee, 
 or recommended by them to a situation. 
 
 Fees. — The Annual charge for each Student is £2^,. This sum includes Board, 
 Lodging, and Instruction. If French or German is required, the same may be 
 learned in the Schools at a charge oi£\ per annum extra for each, or if in the Class, 
 £\ 5s. per quarter for each. Music is £\ 55. per quarter ; Washing is los. per 
 quarter ; and for Medicine the payment is Twopence per week to a self-supporting 
 Dispensary. Payments are made quarterly in advance. There are no other charges 
 except for Books and Stationery, probably about £\ per annum while in the School. 
 If the Pupil is old enough to join the Training Class, the amount of Books is from 
 £z to £%. The French Governess attends two Evenings a week for French conver- 
 sation. 
 
 Class of Students over Eighteen. — The Committee wish it to be 
 known that this Class is intended for persons over eighteen years of age 
 who have not been Pupil Teachers. Such persons, after one year's 
 training, can either take charges as Mistresses of Schools not under 
 Government inspection, or become Candidates for Scholarships, and 
 after passing the Government Examination, receive a further training 
 for one or two years for Government Schools ; or they may take charge 
 of Schools under Inspection as Mistresses or Assistants, and after 
 receiving two good reports from the Inspector after they have attained 
 their twenty-second year, may sit for Certificates and become Mistresses 
 of Government Schools. It must b'e clearly understood, however, that 
 the first year's training for which they pay will give them no claim 
 whatever to Government Certificates. 
 
 Fees.— The expense of the year's Training is £2^, which includes Board, Lodging, 
 and Instruction. Washing is £2, and for medicine the payment is Twopence per 
 week to a self-supporting Dispensary. Books are from £2 to ^3. It frequently 
 happens that persons wish to enter the Institution for six or three months to prepare 
 for the Scholarship Examination and whenever the Committee have room, they 
 receive them on payment of ;^6 5s. per quarter. PupU Teachers who have failed in 
 the December Examination may also enter this Class on payment of ;^20 for the 
 year. Such may follow either of the Courses mentioned above, or they may, on the 
 recommendation of this Committee, become Mistresses of Rural Schools under the 
 provisions of the Revised Code, if Provisionally Certificated. 
 
 Classes for Out-door Governesses. — In consequence of the 
 impulse which has lately 'been given to Middle Class Education 
 numerous applications have been made to the Committee to receive as 
 Out-door Students Ladies who have already adopted, or who are 
 intending to adopt, the profession of Private Governesses in Families, 
 or Teachers in superior Schools, in order that they may acquire a 
 knowledge in the art of teaching. The Committee are anxious to do 
 
HOME AND COLONIAL SCHOOL SOCIETY. 441 
 
 all in their power (consistent with the first and great object of the 
 Society, which is to promote the Christian Education of the children of 
 the labouring classes) to further the improvement of the education of 
 the Middle Classes, and to place it on a sound and religious basis. 
 They have, therefore, determined to receive Out-door Students on the 
 following conditions : — 
 
 I. — That the Applicant is well reported for Religious Character by the Clergyman 
 whose ministry she attends. 
 
 II. — That she enters at January or Midsummer, and for Six Months at least. 
 
 III. — That she attends regularly the appointed hours of Study, which are from 
 9.30 to 12.30, and from 2.15 till the close of the afternoon. 
 
 IV. — That she is at all times under the direction of the Special Officer appointed 
 to superintend Out-door Students, who will appoint her her work from week to week 
 in the Classes or in the Schools. 
 
 V. — That a Journal is kept under the direction of the proper Officer, which will 
 be submitted to the Chaplain. 
 
 VI. — Classes of Children to be taught as required. 
 
 The regular Curriculum includes Holy Scripture, Liturgy of the Church 
 of England, English Grammar and Composition, Arithmetic, Geography, 
 English History, Natural History, Drawing, Singing, and Latin, and 
 more particularly the Art of Teaching. Ladies in the Out-door Class 
 who are not members of the Church of England are not required to 
 attend the Liturgical lessons. At the same time it must be remembered 
 that the Committee have not the same facilities for recommending such, 
 persons to situations, their demand being mainly for Members of the 
 Established Church. 
 
 Fees. — The Terms are, for Out-door Students, j^i 5 for one year. French, Ger- 
 man, Mathematics, and Music are optional subjects, and are charged extra at the 
 rate of ;^5 a year each. The Students pay for their own Boolcs. There are no other 
 extra charges. Ladies may also enter for Six Months only at a somewhat higher 
 charge, viz., ;^8 ; but a Twelve-months' Course is strongly advisable. 
 
 The Committee regard with much interest the recent efforts made to 
 raise the tone of Female Education by means of the University Local 
 Examinations. They hope the course of study they have provided will 
 meet the wants of young Ladies preparing for these Examinations. 
 Their principal object, however, is to aid as far as they can the move- 
 ment for improving the education of the Middle Classes ; and with this 
 view to promote the wishes of those who desire to learn the right 
 methods of managing children, and to make themselves acquainted with 
 the Art or Science of Teaching — an acquirement especially desirable 
 for ladies who act as Sunday-school Teachers, or who intend devoting 
 themselves to the instruction of youth. To further this object, they will 
 admit as Out-door Students Ladies who have passed the University 
 Local Examinations for Senior Students, or who otherwise give satisfac- 
 tory evidence of attainments, for a special three months' course. 
 Students taking up this course will be instructed in the principles and 
 method of Education, having an opportunity of attending any Special 
 Class or Classes they may wish, also of obtaining practice in teaching, 
 and making themselves acquainted with the Kinder Garten system. 
 The Fee for this course is ;£'5, exclusive of books required. The 
 expense of Books will be from ;^2 los. to £,t, ios. 
 
 Students who have passed through any of these courses to the satis- 
 faction of the •Committee will receive Certificates of Competency, and 
 
4'42 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 their names will be permanently placed on the books of the Society ; 
 entitling them, whilst their conduct is satisfactory, to renewed recom- 
 mendations from time to time. When it is considered that at this 
 Institution the demand for Governesses is largely in excess of the 
 supply, it will be seen that this arrangement — amounting, in fact, to 
 perpetual free registration — is in itself a substantial advantage. The 
 Committee only i7itroduce those who have been trained to persons 
 applying for Governesses, leaying them to conduct their own negotia- 
 tions as to terms, reference, &c. 
 
 The Classes commence in January and July. The days of admission 
 may always be known by inquiry at the Office of the Institution. 
 
 AH persons admitted must be acquainted with the elementary 
 branches of Education, and forward such introductions as may satisfy 
 the Committee that they are of sound moral and religious character ; 
 such persons must dress with neatness and simplicity, and conform to 
 all the arrangements, and be subject to all the Rules' of the Institution, 
 taking their appointed places in the several Class Rooms and Schools. 
 
 Class for Private Governesses. — The Committee are much 
 pressed with applications for Nursery Governesses as well as for 
 Governesses for older Pupils. The demand is for pious members of 
 the Church of England who have passed through a regular course of 
 training, and can be recommended by the Committee as conversant 
 with the peculiar principles of education, and methods of instructing 
 and managing children. In order to meet this -demand, the Committee 
 have' remodelled their Governess Department, and divided it into two 
 branches. In the first branch young Ladies board and lodge in a 
 separate house, under the care of a Superintendent, and attend the 
 Classes of the Institution. The second branch is intended for those 
 who reside at home, or otherwise board themselves, and attend the 
 Classes daily. The regular Curriculum is the same as for the Out-door 
 Classes. 
 
 Fees. — For Resident Students, ;^40 for oae year; Out-door Students, ;^I5 for one 
 year. French, German, Mathematics, and Music are optional subjects ; the tliree 
 former are charged extra at the rate of £^ a year eacli ; Music is ^6 a year. In the 
 acquirement of the French Language, the Students have the advantage of a resident 
 Governess, a native of Paris. Ladies may also enter either department for Six Months 
 only at a somewhat higher charge, viz., In-door, £2^ ; Out-door, j^S ; but a Twelve- 
 months' Course is strongly advisable. 
 
 The Students of this Class may also be prepared for the University 
 Local Examinations, upon the terms, and receiving the same advan- 
 tages, as previously stated. 
 
 Pupil Teachers.— In 1867 it became the duty of the Committee to 
 decide what course should be taken as it regards Pupil Teachers 
 apprenticed under the New Code, and other Candidates who, not 
 having been Pupil Teachers, may hereafter enter the Institution. It 
 appearing that the great majority of the Training Institutions make a 
 distinct charge in addition to the payment required for Books, &c., this 
 Committee have thought it right, with reference to the financial position 
 of the Society, to adopt the same plan — they desire, however, to make 
 the charge as low as that position may enable them to do, and they 
 therefore fixed the sum for the year 1868 experimentally at three pounds, 
 payable on entering — the second year to be entirely free. The Committee 
 
WHITELANDS TRAINING INSTITUTION. 443 
 
 at the same time limit the amount to be paid for Books, &c., to the like 
 sum of three pounds, making a total on entrance of six pounds. 
 
 Teachers having been trained at the Institution are allowed to re- 
 enter for improvement for six weeks at a charge of 55. a week, whether 
 the money is paid by themselves or from School funds. They are 
 received at any time convenient to them if there is a vacancy. This 
 applies to all Teachers who, having been trained and recommended to 
 Schools by the Committee, have left them with a good character. It is 
 expected that all Teachers who maintain good characters will avail 
 themselves of this privilege. Patrons and others are specially requested 
 not to mgage Teachers who represent that they have been trained by the 
 Society, without first communicating with the Committee ; unless this 
 precaution is adopted, unfit persons may be often engaged. 
 
 There is a Vacation of five weeks, generally in August, for which. 
 Students should provide. Masters are not trained at the Institution. 
 
 Fees for Students and others in the several Classes. 
 The following are tllS various Classes at present trained. (Separate Papers, con- 
 taining the questions to be answered by each Class, may be obtained at the OflSce, or 
 by addressing the Chaplain of the Institution, Gray's Inn Road, London.) 
 
 I. Candidates who pass the Examination as Queen's Scholars, 
 for one or two years. Admission Fee £},, and ^^3 for 
 Books , ..">., £(1 o o 
 
 ii. Candidates to be Trained for Schools not under the Go- 
 vernment Minutes, and who may afterwards sit for 
 Certificates as Schoolmistresses in charge of Schools 
 
 3. Pupil Teachers who do not pass the Examination 
 
 4. Teachers sent for Improvement, six months 
 
 5. Assistant " ditto ditto .... 
 
 6. Children, or Young Women under 18 years of age (per 
 
 annum) ......... 
 
 7. Governesses, or Teachers of Middle Class Schools, six 
 
 months .......... 
 
 8. Ditto ditto "twelve months 
 
 9. Ditto ditto Out-door, six months 
 10. Ditto ditto ditto, three months 
 
 Books to be in each case paid for by the Student. Payments quarterly in advance. 
 
 The Terms stated above include Board, Lodging, and Instruction ; and in the case 
 of Queen's Scholars, Washing. Cooks are in each case paid for by the Student ; the 
 expense for Queen's Scholars as above £t„ and for others at from about ^fi los. to 
 ;f3 los., according to the Class entered. Medicine is supplied by a Dispensary, to 
 ■which the payment is Twopence per week. To this latter charge Queen's Scholars 
 are not liable. There are no other charges. 
 
 4 and 5. Teachers are not eligible for this Class unless actually in' Schools or 
 engaged for Schools ; they are admilted half-yearly, in January and June, but this 
 short training is not recommended by the Committee. 
 
 6. Students in this Class, on attaining the age of 18, may become Candidates for 
 Queen's Scholarships. If under 16, they may be Candidates for apprenticeship as 
 Pupil Teachers. 
 
 Students are received yearly, at the commencement of January ; the precise day 
 may be known on application. 
 
 ' Hon. Secretary, J. S. Reynolds, Esq. 
 
 Whitelands Training Institution for School Mis- 
 tresses. — In Connection with the National Society. — I. The 
 Admission of New Pupils takes place in the month of January of each 
 year. All Applications must be sent in before the third week in 
 
 2.S 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
444 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 November. The earliest age for admission is eighteen, the latest twenty^ 
 five. 
 
 II. The term of Residence is two years. This rule always has been, 
 and is still, carried into effect at Whitelands, as it has been found that 
 the training of the second year is of the utmost importance, both for 
 the welfare of the Pupil and in the interest of the School to which she 
 will be appointed. 
 
 III. All vacancies will be offered to Ex-Pupil Teachers and others 
 for Competition. 
 
 IV. A Government Examination for admission into the Training 
 Schools will be held in the month of December of each year. It will 
 begin on the Tuesday in the week preceding that in which Christmas 
 Day falls, and last for three days. On the fourth day there will be a 
 further Examination in religious subjects. The Syllabus for this 
 Examination will be supplied upon appHcation. 
 
 V. The Candidates who wish to compete for admission into White- 
 lands are required to apply to the Rev. the Chaplain, Whitelands 
 Training School, Chelsea, and to fill up the form which will be sent 
 to them. 
 
 VI. Each Candidate will be required to arrive at Whitelands on the 
 Monday of the Examination week, and to return to her friends on the 
 Saturday in the same week. She will be received at the Institution for 
 the intervening days, and will be charged ss. for her Board and Lodging. 
 The promise of Admission cannot be made until the result of both 
 Examinations is made known. 
 
 VII. Every Pupil will be required to pay an Admission Fee of £,<„ 
 and to provide herself with Bodks and Stationery, and will then be set 
 free from all further charge. 
 
 VIII. The Vacations of the Institution are four weeks at Christmas, 
 and six weeks at Midsummer, during which the Pupils are required to 
 return to their friends. 
 
 Chaplain, Rev. H. Barber, Whitelands, Chelsea. 
 
 Queen's College, London, 43 and 45, Hardey Street, W. — 
 Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1853. Patrons, Her Majesty the 
 Queen ; H.R.H. the Princess of Wales. Visitor, the Lord Bishop 
 OF London. For the General Education of Ladies, and for granting 
 Certificates of Knowledge. 
 
 Course of Instruction for 1872. — Arithmetic, Geometry, and 
 Algebra ; Astronomy ; Natural Philosophy ; Philosophy, Mental and 
 Moral ; Theology ; Latin ; English ; French ; German ; Italian ; Geo- 
 graphy; Ancient and Modern History; Drawing; Vocal Music, and 
 Harmony. 
 
 The Classes are so arranged in some subjects that the First and 
 Second Senior years ordinarily work together, but provision is made 
 that the work of the Pupils in the latter year shall be generally different 
 'from that which they have done previously. Additional Classes are 
 formed when the number of Pupils requires it. 
 
 Special Courses of Lectures are given from tinie to time on the higher 
 branches of subjects, and Individual Instruction is provided for Pupils 
 requiring Extra Tuition. 
 
queen's college. 445 
 
 Scholarships and Nominations. — The payment of ^£'250 secures 
 the right of a Free Presentation during the Hves of two persons, to be 
 named by the Donor. A Free Scholarship in perpetuity may be founded > 
 on payment of ;^4oo, if the conditions proposed for its tenure meet the 
 approval of the Council and Committee of Education. Donors of ;^2 5 
 obtain the right of nominating during life a Pupil in the School, or a 
 Compounder in the College, at a reduction of Three Guineas a year on 
 the ordinary Fees. 
 
 I. Queen's Scholarship. — Her Majesty the Queen, having given a 
 donation of ;^25o towards the foundation of the College, exercises the 
 right of nominating a Free Pupil. 
 
 II. Professor^ Scholarships, founded by the Council in 1853, on the 
 application of the Professors, in consideration of the payment by them 
 of ;^i,5oo towards the expenses of the Charter. Four Scholars on this 
 Foundation are elected annually. 
 
 (a) Two to the School by the Lady- Visitors. Candidates must be 
 
 between the ages of Eleven and Thirteen. 
 (p) Two to the College by the Committee of Education. Candidates 
 must be between the ages of Thirteen and Fifteen, and a 
 preference is given to those who hold Junior Scholarships. 
 These Scholarships are tenable for two years, but the tenure of the 
 Senior Scholarships may, at the discretion of the Committee, be extended^ 
 another year. ■* 
 
 III. The Maurice Scholarship, founded in 1854 by subscription, to 
 commemorate the services rendered by the Rev. F. D. Maurice, M.A., 
 as the first Chairman of the Committee of Education in the foundation 
 and management of the College. This Scholarship is open to Pupils in 
 the Two Junior Years (the election resting with the Committee of 
 Education), and is teiiable for two years. 
 
 IV. The Lady- Visitors^ Scholarship, founded by subscription in July, 
 1857, is open to Girls between the ages of Fourteen and Sixteen (the 
 election resting with the Lady- Visitors), and is tenable for two years. 
 
 V. The Cambridge Scholarship, founded in 1857 by the Rev. T. A. 
 Cock, M.A., is open to Girls between the ages of Thirteen and Fifteen 
 who have lost their Father, and are the children or grandchildren of a 
 Graduate of the University of Cambridge. The nomination rests with 
 the Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, for the time being. The 
 Scholarship is tenable for three years, but the Scholar may be re-elected 
 for a fourth year on giving satisfactory proof of proficiency in Arithmetic, 
 the Elements of Geometry, and the first principles of Natural Philosophy. 
 
 VI. The Oxford Scholarship, founded in 1858 by the Rev. Tullie 
 ■ CoRNTHWAiTE, M.A., is Open to Girls between the ages of Thirteen and 
 
 Fifteen who have lost their Father, and are the children or grand- 
 children of Masters of Arts of the University of Oxford. A preference 
 is given to the children or grandchildren of Members of Trinity College. 
 The nomination rests with Mrs. Stanton, of the Vicarage, Burbage, 
 Wiltshire, during her life, and on her decease, with the President of 
 Trinity College, Oxford, for the time being. The Scholarship is tenable 
 for three years, but the Scholar may, at the discretion of the Committee, 
 be re-elected for a fourth year. 
 
 VII. The Arnoti Scholarship, founded by Mrs. Arnott in 1865, for 
 the promotion of the study of Natural Philosophy. Candidates must 
 
446 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 be under Eighteen years of age. The Scholarship is tenable for one 
 year, and confers, in addition, the right of perpetual free attendance on 
 the Lectures in Natural Philosophy and Astronomy. An open Exami- 
 nation will be held annually at Midsummer. 
 
 VIII. The Twining - Scholarship., founded by Miss Elizabeth 
 Twining in 1867. Candidates must be between the ^ges of Thirteen 
 and Sixteen. The nomination rests with the Foundress during her 
 lifetime, and afterwards with the Lady- Visitors, regard being had _ 
 chiefly to the character and circumstances of the parents of the Can- 
 didates. 
 
 'These Scholarships give Free' Instruction in all subjects included in 
 the College Course. Certificates of good conduct are required at 
 election, and their tenure depends on satisfactory reports as to progress 
 and character. 
 
 ASSOCIATESHIP. 
 
 I. Certificates of Asspciaieship are given to Pupils of not less than Six 
 Terms' standing, On the following conditions : — 
 
 (i) They must obtain the signatures of Professors in not less than 
 five subjects, with marks corresponding to their attainments. 
 Of the five subjects, two must be Languages (one of them 
 English), one a subject under the head of Mathematical or 
 Physical Science, one connected with Theology, Moral 
 Science, History, or Literature. ' 
 
 (2) No Certificate will be given unless the average of marks given 
 
 by the Professors who sign is at least 66 out of 100. 
 
 (3) Pupils applying for these Certificates will pay a fee of j[^\ is. 
 The Committee reserve to themselves the right of electing former 
 
 Pupils of the College as Associates on the ground of distinguished merit 
 while at the College or after leaving. 
 
 Those thus elected will be distinguished in the List of Associates by 
 an asterisk. 
 
 The Dean will sign the Certificate, as testifying to the regularity and 
 good conduct of the Pupils. 
 
 II. Certificates of Proficiency in any single subject are granted to 
 Ladies, whether connected with tlie College or not, on passing the 
 required Examination. 
 
 A Programme of the Examinations is printed, and may be had on 
 application. 
 
 The ordinary periods of Examinations for Certificates ■ are the last 
 weeks in Michaelmas and Easter Terms, but Ladies unable to attend 
 at those times may, on assigning a sufficient reason, and paying an 
 additional Fee of los. 6d. for each subject, be examined at any period 
 during the College Terms. 
 
 The Examinations are conducted by a Board of Examiners, consisting 
 'of Three for each F abject. 
 
 Candidates who are not Pupils of the College are required to give a 
 reference as to character, and are recommended to apply to the Dean 
 for information and advice a month or six weeks before the Examination. 
 
 Fees — to be paid on application — for each subject, £^x is., or three 
 subjects for ^2 2s. Duplicate copies of the Certificates may be had, 
 on special application, en payment of a Fee of 2s. 6d. for each. 
 
QUEEN'S COLLEGE SCHOOL. 447 
 
 - Queen's College School. — For Children dhow&five years of age. 
 The Pupils of the School are arranged in three Classes : — I., for Girls 
 from eleven to thirteen; II., for Girls from nine to eleven; III., for 
 Girls from five to nine. .The Course of Instruction for Classes I. and 
 II. includes Scripture, English Grammar and Reading, French, the 
 Elements of Latin, Arithmetic, Geography, History, Drawing, Writing, 
 Vocal Music, and Calisthenics. Exemptions from one or more sub- 
 jects can be obtained on application from the Parents or Guardians of 
 Pupils. 
 
 The Course for Class III. includes the same subjects (with the excep- 
 tion of Latin), and the Pupils are taught principally on the plan of 
 Object-lessons and Catechetical Instruction. 
 
 A Play-room is provided for the exercise of Pupils in the intervals of 
 lessons. 
 
 Prayers are read daily in the Library at a quarter to Ten o'clock. 
 The hours for the Senior Class are 9.45 a.m. to 12.30 p.m., and 2 to 4 
 p.m., Wednesday and Saturday being half-hoUdays. Those for Classes 
 II. and III. are from 9.15 a.m. to 12.30 p.m. 
 
 The Pupils of all three Classes are examined twice in each Term by 
 thfe Professors of the subjects taught, and reports of Conduct and Pro- 
 gress are sent to Parents. 
 
 Admission of Pupils. — All Pupils in the College or School are 
 required to bring with them, prior to admission. Certificates of previous 
 good conduct from the Teacher under whom they have last studied, or 
 from a Clergyman, or some other friend. Forms of Application and 
 Certificates for this purpose may be obtained at the Office, or from the 
 Lady Resident. , 
 
 College Fees. 
 Compounders under Fifteen . .^fS 8 o a Term, or;^22 i o a year, 
 
 ,, above „ . . 10 10 o „ or 28 7 o „ 
 
 Non-Cnrapounders, for Classes meeting twice a week 
 
 (Drawing excepted) 220a Term. 
 
 Non-Compounders, for Clasnes meeting once a week . 163 ,, 
 Drawing — Classes meeting once a week for I J hour . i 11 6 ,, 
 „ „ twice „ „ . 2 12 6 ,, 
 
 The Fees for the Half-teim are two-thirds of the above. There are Three Terms. 
 If three Sisters attend College or School at the same time, the youngest is received 
 at half-fees. 
 
 Extras. 
 
 Drawing — Private Classes for Higher Subjects, for 2 
 
 hours ;^4 4 o a Term. 
 
 Individual Instruction in Vocal Music, for Two Lessons 
 
 a week 3 13 6 „ 
 
 Individual Instruction in Instrumental Music : 
 
 Masters (for Two Lessons a week) . , . .330,, 
 Lady Teachers „ . . . .220,, 
 
 Dancing 220,, 
 
 The Fees for Extras for the Half-terra are one-half of the above. 
 Compounders pay an Entrance Fee of One Guinea, except in the case of those vvlio 
 have previously paid on joining the College School. 
 
 School Fees. 
 
 For Pupils under nine . • £,i I o a Term, or;^l2 12 o a year. 
 „ above nine and under 
 
 eleven . . . 6 6 o „ or 15 15 o „ 
 „ above eleven and under 
 
 thirteen . . . 7 7 o .. or 18 18 o „ 
 
 above thuteen . . 880 „ or 22 i o 
 
448 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 The Fees for the Half-term are two-thirds of the above. Pupils pay a Fee of One 
 Guinea on entrance. The Fees include the charge for Stationery. All Fees to be 
 paid in advance. Where three or more Sisters attend at the same time, the youngest 
 is received at half-fees. 
 
 Extras.. — Instrumental Music, £2 2s. per Term ; Dancing, £2 2s. 
 
 There are four Boarding Houses recognised by the Council and 
 Committee. The Terms may be had on application at the College. 
 
 Lady Resident, Miss Parry. 
 
 Bedford College, 48 and 49, Bedford Square, London. — 
 Founded 1849 ; incorporated 1869. The teaching is carried on by 
 Professors. Students are not admitted to the College under fourteen 
 years of age. They may become either " Regular Students," in which 
 case they pursue a systematic Course of Study, under the superin- 
 tendence of the Committee of Education, or " Occasional Students," 
 and Select any number of individual Classes. In each Subject the 
 Students are classed by the Professors according to their proficiency. 
 
 Course of Study. — The Lectures are arranged so as to form a Con- 
 secutive Course of Study for four years. Regular Students are entitled 
 to attend Seven, and are required to attend Five, of the Classes 
 in each year — choice being given in some of the Subjects— with the 
 option of Vocal Music in addition. They are under the direction of 
 the Ladies of the Committee of Education, who are in attendance to 
 receive them at the beginning of each Term. The Students are 
 examined at the close of each Session, and Reports of the result of the 
 Examinations and the attendance of Students at Lectures or Classes are 
 given out. 
 
 Scholarships. — The Students' Scholarships. — One of these Scholar- 
 ships is awarded at the close of each alternate Session to the Candidate 
 who passes the best Examination in five Subjects of the first year's 
 Course of Study, special regard being had to Latin and Arithmetic. 
 Candidates must be under twenty years of age, and must have been 
 " Regular Students" in the College for not less than three or more than 
 five Terms immediately preceding the Election. The Scholarships, 
 covering the whole Fees in the College, are tenable for three years. 
 The Old Pupils Scholarship. — Candidates must not be under sixteen 
 years of age. The Scholarship, covering the whole Fees in the College, 
 is awarded according to Examination in four Subjects, including some 
 branch of Natural Science. The Arnott Scholarships. — Founded by 
 Mrs. Arnott, for the encouragement of the study of Natural Philosophy 
 by Ladies, and for the purpose of honouring the works and labours of 
 her husband. Dr. Neil Arnott. 
 
 Two Scholarships, giving free admission to Classes in Natural Philo- 
 sophy and Mathematics for two years, are open for competition by 
 Examination to Ladies who have not attended Classes in the College 
 previously. The Arnott Scholars will also have the privilege of free 
 admission to three Classes at their own option, maling five Classes 
 in all. 
 
 Fees. — For Regular Students, ;f 8 8s. a Term. Entrance Fee, ;^I is. There are 
 Three Terms. For Occasional Students, one Class, meeting twice a week, £2 2s. 
 each Term, each additional Class after the first, £1 lis. 6d. ; one Class meeting 
 once a week, £1 lis. 6d., each additional Class after the first, £1 is. Pupils joining 
 the Class for Drawing from the Life Model pay 5s. extra per Term. Instrumental 
 
FEMALE SCHOOL OF ART. 
 
 449 
 
 Music, /3 3s. per Term ; Singing, ^3 13s. 6d. Individual Instruction is provided in 
 certain Departments. 
 
 There are Bo.arding Houses recognised by the Council, of which particulars may be 
 obtained at the College. 
 
 Lady Resident, Miss Harriet Martin. 
 
 Female School of Art, 43, Queen Square, London, W.C. — 
 Under the Patronage of the Queen and Her Royal Highness the Prin- 
 cess OF Wales. In connection with the Science and Art Department of 
 the Committee of. Council on Education, South Kensington. Established 
 1842. President, Rev. A. W. Thorold. The general Course of Instruc- 
 tion comprises : — Geometrical Drawing and Perspective ; Elementary- 
 Free-hand Drawing and Shading, from the Flat and the Round ; Draw- 
 ing from Solid Models ; Figure Drawing from the Flat, the Antique, 
 and from Life, including Anatomical Studies and Drapery; Wood 
 Engraving; Modelling in Clay and Wax, &c. ; Painting in Water 
 Colours, Tempera, Fresco, and Oil, from examples of Ornamental Art, 
 from nature, landscapes, animals, foliage, flower, fruit, &c. ; Exercises in 
 composition, and original designs for decoration and manufactures. 
 Teachers of the School hold full Certificates from the Science and Art 
 Department. Students have the privilege of copying specimens of 
 plants and flowers from the Royal Gardens at Kew. The managers of 
 the Royal Botanic and Zoological Societies also grant free admission to 
 Students in the advanced Classes, to sketch in their Gardens. There is 
 connected with the School a Lending Library of Works of Art. 
 
 Sessions, each lasting five months, commence on the ist March and 
 ist October, and end on the last day of February and of July, re- 
 spectively. The months of August and September, two weeks at 
 Christmas, and one week at Easter or Whitsuntide are Vacations. 
 There are Day and Evening Classes. The Classes meet every day except 
 Saturday. Hours of Attendance — Morning, 10 till 12^; Afternoon, i 
 till 3 : Whole day, 10 till 3. In the Summer Session, advanced Students 
 are allowed to remain till four o'clock. Evening Class, on Mondays, 
 Wednesdays, and Fridays, from 7 till 9. 
 
 Examinations for Art Certificates are held annually in March, and 
 are open to all, whether taught in the School or not. Free Studentships 
 for one year, renewable on expiration, are granted to all who obtain the 
 First Certificate of the Third Grade. To enable competent and eligible 
 Students to have the benefit of a continued course of advanced instruc- 
 tion, they may compete for the Queen's Scholarship of £,20 per annum, 
 tenable for one or two years, in accordance with the conditions on which 
 the Scholarship is granted. They may also compete for admission into 
 the Training School of the Science and Art Department, with an allow- 
 ance of from 5s. to 153. per week. There is an Annual Local Exami-_ 
 nation for the Queen's Gold Medal and other prizes. National Com- 
 ' petition at the Science and Art Department, South Kensington. Works 
 are selected annually to compete for the Princess of "Wales's Scholar- 
 ships, Gold, Silver, and Bronze Medals. 
 
 Princess of Wales's Art Scholarships. — The following are par- 
 ticulars of these Scholarships, which are annually competed for by 
 Females exclusively. The proceeds of the exhibition of the Jewels 
 presented to H.R.H the Princess of Wales on the occasion of her 
 
 G G 
 
450 S02VS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 marriage have been invested to found Art Scholarships. The Lords of 
 the Committee of Council on Education apply this sum to the main- 
 tenance of two Scholarships, to be competed for by the most distin- 
 guished Female Students of all Schools of Art in the United Kingdom 
 in Connection with the Science and Art Department. Their Lordships 
 have determined to award two Scholarships of the values of j^^z^ and 
 £,1 1 respectively, to the two Students who, being females, have taken 
 the highest prizes of the year in the National Competition. The 
 holders of these Scholarships may compete annually for the retention or 
 renewal of them, but they cannot be held by the same individuals for 
 more than three years. 
 
 Fees. — For Classes studying five days per week : — Five months, £^ ; three 
 months, ^f 4 ; two months, £i ; one month, 30s. For two or three days per week : — 
 Five months, ;^4 ; three months, ;f 3 ; two months, ^2; one month, ^i. For Half- 
 days, morning or afternoon, per week : — Five months, £1^ ; three months, _^3 ; two 
 months, £2 ; one month, ;^i. For two or three Half-days, morning or afternoon, 
 per week : — Five months, ^^3 ; three months, £2 ; two months, 25s. ; one month, 155. 
 Entrance Fee, los. Wood Engraving Class — Mondays, Wednesdays, and 
 Fridays ; Class for MODELLING in Clay and Wax — Mondays and Fridays, from 10 
 till 3. Fee to each of these Classes, ^5 per session. Class for Drawing and Painting 
 from the Draped Life, Tuesdays and Thinsdays from io| till 12JI Students pro- 
 perly qualified may enter for this Class alone. Fee, £3. A Juvenile Ciass is held 
 on Mondays and Wednesdays, from I till 3. Fee, jTi is. for the session of five 
 months. Evening Class, Elementary, los. ; Advanced, ;^i . Entrance Fee, 5s. 
 Schoolmistresses, Teachers, Pupil Teachers of Public Schools admitted at half fees. 
 Three evenings per week, los. per session, 3s. per month ; Advanced,;^! per session, 
 6s. per month ; Entrance to Evening Class, 53. The Class for Practical Geometry 
 and Perspective is open to all Students, but may be attended by Non-Students, 
 independently of the general course, on payment of a Fee of^^i per session. 
 
 ART EDUCATION FOR WOMEN. 
 
 It was a comfort to him [Lord Elcho] that, in relation to the "Woman's Ques- 
 tion," this was a School of Art, and not the operative theatre of Guy's or St. 
 Thomas's ; for whatever might be his strong opinions with regard to woman's entry 
 into other fields, he considered Art was a field to which a woman had a fair right, 
 and no man would dispute a woman's right to this field for the exercise of her talents 
 and taste. ' In this profession she could show her imagination, her tender feehng, and 
 could give her delicate rendering of the true and beautiful. This profession offered a 
 fair, unrestricted field, and the works which he had seen as the result of woman's 
 cultivation of Art proved to him that those of the sex who were following Art Studies 
 had acquired for themselves a good position, and every one anxiously wished to see 
 Art cultivated by Ladies who could do so much for it. It had been a great pleasure 
 to him to go over the School in Queen Square, and to see the Students under the 
 admirable teaching of Ladies who were well qualified to instruct, and to see, as well, 
 the beautiful works produced by the Students. He reminded the most successful 
 among the Students of the painter who, in the prime of his manhood, wrote on his 
 work, a finished work of Ait in the opinion of all men, that it was imperfect, but that 
 he would strive to better it, and he called upon those who had taken prizes to 
 adopt the motto of " Excelsior." To the unsuccessful, whose motto, he said, should 
 be "NU Desperandunf," he gave for encouragement the assurance that perseverance 
 would bring success. All, he said, those alike gifted by nature as well as those 
 who had to conquer each step by ceaseless industry, would, by Art training and 
 culture, lay up for themselves a consolation and a joy in the rough paths of life, 
 which would be a blessing to themselves and to their country. 
 
 Let the Women of England feel that by self-education they are not only strength- 
 ening themselves to encounter the struggles of the world — the difficulties tliat may 
 beset them in life— but fliat they are laying the best foundation for the happiness of 
 their future homes, for the welfare of the children whom they may have to educate, 
 ■and for the husbands whom it will be their interest to seek to please. In this country 
 there has been not only a deficiency of employment for women, but also an unwilling- 
 ness on the part of roan to let woman liave her due place in society. At tihe same 
 
COLLEGE FOR WOMEN. 451 
 
 time I do not ask for any undue favour to be shown to women in their employment in 
 the ordinary labours of life ; but what I want is, that women should have the fair 
 chance of earning a living, which they are justly entitled to, and that they should 
 receive the same remuneration for the like labour as is paid to men. This is the 
 principle of equity which generally prevails in France, Switzerland, and other coun- 
 tries. In France, in addition to other spheres of labour, women are employed in 
 telegraph offices and the post office, as well as in counting-houses, shops, and general 
 business. The railroads also afford a large amount of employment for women, in the 
 issuing of passenger tickets. Then again, in Switzerland, a large field of labour is 
 provided for women in watch-making, which is denied to them in England. Their 
 delicate touch is found to peculiarly qualify them for finishing those valuable in- 
 struments. In this country, unfortunately, very few occupations are open to women ; 
 and it therefore behoves us to do all we can to encourage such an Institution as this, 
 which affords to every woman to whom God has given a taste for Art the means of 
 learning its mechanical part, and thereby enabling her to employ the talent she pos- 
 sesses for her own advantage, and for the interest and credit other country."- — Speech 
 of the Right Hon. Lord Houghton. 
 
 Secretary, Miss Louisa Gann. 
 
 College for "Women, Hitchin, Herts [about to be removed 
 to the neighbourhood of Cambridge ; the arrangements for the present 
 Institution are therefore of a temporary character]. — The College has 
 been founded to provide for Women systematic Education equivalent to 
 that afforded by the Universities to men. 
 
 1. It embraces Students of all classes, including those vifhose homes 
 are in the country and small towns. To this numerous class, the 
 Courses of Lectures and other educational advantages by which the 
 wants of women in large towns may be partially supplied are for the 
 most part inaccessible. 
 
 2. The teaching, being given by men engaged in University and 
 College tuition at Cambridge, is of the very highest class. This 
 teaching is partly given to classes, partly individual, thus combining 
 the Professional and Tutorial systems. It is hoped that eventually the 
 chief part of .the tutorial work will be undertaken by resident Women, 
 who, having themselves gone through the College course with credit, 
 will have given evidence of fitness. 
 
 3. Each Student has a room to herself, and her hours of private study 
 are thus guarded from social and domestic interruption, while she has 
 the advantage of being associated with others in a common pursuit. 
 The opportunity for intelligent sympathy and mutual help afforded by 
 fellowship in study supplies a healthy stimulus from which the solitary 
 Student is altogether debarred. 
 
 4. There is an Entrance Examination, which serves the purpose of 
 keeping up the level of the studies of the place, and obviates the 
 necessity of giving teaching in elementary subjects, while at the same 
 time it holds out a standard for the higher Schools to work up to. 
 
 5. Certificates will be given upon Examinations of recognised 
 authority. The University of Cambridge, with which it is desired as 
 far as possible to connect the College, has not yet been asked to open 
 its Examinations for Degrees to the Students of this College, but some 
 of the Students have already, with the cognizance of the Council of the 
 Senate, passed the Previous Examination informally, and Certificates 
 given by the College of having passed University Examinations will be 
 really, though not formally, equivalent to University Degrees, and will 
 be practically useful in a similar manner. The attestation is specially 
 
 G G 2 
 
452 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 important in the case of Teachers, but the Certificate would be valuable 
 to all Women who want to give evidence of their qualifications for the 
 various positions which may be open to them. 
 
 6. The College Course extends the period of Education, adding three 
 years, at a most important stage, to the time usually bestowed upon 
 systematic instruction and discipline. It thus removes the necessity 
 of trying to cram everything that ought to be learnt into the school 
 time, at the risk of sacrificing both physical health and thoroughness 
 of attainment, while at the same time it makes it possible to offer to 
 Women a kind of training which would be inappropriate at an earlier 
 age. It supplements the best Schools without entering into competition 
 with them, and the benefit is likely to extend in due time to Families, 
 by making future Mothers and Governesses acquainted with the best 
 methods of Teaching, and with the best Books. But though the 
 College Course extends over three years, the whole of that time is not 
 devoted, without intermission, to study. Rather less than half of the 
 year is spent at the College. There are in each year three Terms, 
 each of eight weeks. The period of the Course may thus be regarded 
 as divided about equally between residence at College and home life. 
 
 The Academical year is approximately thus divided : — Michaelmas 
 Term, beginning about the middle of October, eight weeks, Christmas 
 Vacation, seven weeks ; Lent Term, beginning about the end of 
 January, eight weeks, Easter Vacation, three weeks ; May Term,~begin- 
 ning in April, eight weeks. Long Vacation, sixteen weeks. The charge 
 for Board, Lodging, and Instruction is £^2>^. per Term. Ladies who 
 may be unable to take the whole Course can be received for shorter 
 periods. Students are not received under the age of Eighteen. Ad- 
 mission is according to priority of application. Entrance Examinations 
 are held in London in the months of June and October. Forms of 
 Entry may be obtained from the Honorary Secretary. 
 
 Scholarships have been founded, varying in value from j£'so to 
 ;£ioo per annum, tenable for three years. But the whole scheme of 
 operations being now under progressive development, material altera- 
 tions and additions may be expected from time to time. 
 
 The following is a List of Local Secretaries from whom further 
 information may be obtained : — 
 
 Rev. W. L. Clay, Rainhill Vicarage, Prescott. 
 
 Mrs. H. CowELL, s, Alipore Lane, Calcutta. 
 
 Miss Edwards, i, Cambridge Place, Clifton, Bristol. 
 
 Rev. F. J. A. HORT, St. ffppolyt's, Hitchin. 
 
 Rev. W. J. Kennedy, 19, Ardwick Green, Manchester. 
 
 Mrs. C. E. Mathews, Oak Gate, Edgbaston, Birmingham. 
 
 Mrs. F. Prideaux, Milverton, Somerset. 
 
 Miss Richardson, South Ashfield, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 
 
 Mrs. Rodger, South Court, St. Andrew's. 
 
 H. H. Sales, Esq., 5, Victoria Chambers, Leeds. 
 
 Hon. Secretary, Miss Davies, 17, Cunningham Place, London, W. 
 
 Queen's College for Ladies, Tufnell Park, Camden Road, 
 London.— The following are general branches of Study, without extra 
 charge :— Scriptural Instruction, History, Geography, Grammar, Com- 
 position, Writing, Arithmetic, and Accounts ; Popular Astronomy and 
 the use of the Globes ; French and Elementary Latin ; Elocution and 
 
ROYAL NAF'AL FEMALE SCHOOL. 453 
 
 English Literature; French Literature, Analysis, and Conversation; 
 Latin Language and Elementary Greek ; Italian and German ; Geo- 
 metry ; Preparatory Class for HuUah's Singing ; Calisthenics ; occasional 
 Lectures on Natural Philosophy ; Classical and Modern Literature, and 
 other subjects. 
 
 The following are optional Extra Subjects: — Spanish Language and 
 Literature; Italian Language and Literature; German Language and 
 Literature; Hullah's Class Singing, including Psalmody; Elementary 
 Music ; Pianoforte ; Vocal Music ; Harp ; Elementary Drawing ; Flower 
 Painting ; Coloured Landscapes ; Chalk Drawing, &c. 
 
 A very good and general Education is obtainable without employing 
 any of the Extra Masters. Tufnell Park is situated on- a healthy and 
 open eminence, north of London, with the Regent's Park, the Hamp- 
 stead and Highgate Hills, and Islington, in a circuit round it. It can 
 be approached through Islington from the city, or by the railway to 
 Camden Road Station ; or from the West End through Regent's Park, 
 into the Camden Road. The College stands within the Park, by the 
 West Lodge. 
 
 Governess Students. — Ladies are received to train for the Profes- 
 sion of Teachers. The Governess Students have the benefit of receiving 
 instruction free of charge from the staff of finishing Professors and 
 Masters in all the departments of study except Music, Singing, Painting, 
 and Drawing. Certificates of .Qualification in each particular branch of 
 study, under the respective Professors and Masters, granted to the pro- 
 ficient, at the expiration of not less than two years. A Pupil under 
 sixteen years of age cannot (except in special cases) be entered as 
 Governess Student. In order that the Normal Training and Practice 
 in Teaching may proceed with advantage, also to facilitate success in 
 obtaining Certificates, the Candidate must bring average capacity and 
 acquirements, to be certified by her last Teachers, or tested by the 
 Masters of the College. 
 
 Fees. — ^Finishing School, 60 gs. per annum ; Middle School, 40 gs. ; Elementary 
 School, 30 gs. Entrance, 2 gs., wMcli can be made at any time, the Term dating 
 from the day of entrance. The necessary Extras, such as washing, books, medical 
 superintendence, amount to about 3 gs. each Term. There are Three Terms. 
 Governess Students, 35 gs. first year; 30 gs. second year; 25 gs. third year. The 
 optional Extras vary from one guinea to 5 gs. per Term. 
 
 Lady Principal, Miss Morel. 
 
 Royal ETaval Feraale School, St. Margaret's, Isleworth. 
 — Patrons: Her Majesty the Queen ;.H.R.H. the Duke of Edin- 
 burgh. The object of the School, agreeably to the intention of its 
 benevolent Founder (Admiral Sir Thomas Williams, G.C.B.), is to 
 bestow upon the Daughters of necessitous Naval and Marine Officers, 
 of and above wardroom rank, a good, virtuous, and religious Education, 
 in conformity with the principles and doctrines of the Church of 
 England, at the lowest cost practicable. Children of Parents of all 
 Protestant Religious Denominations are eligible for admission. 
 
 The Education includes : — English ; Geography, with use of Globes ; 
 History, Literature, Chronology, and Composition; Arithmetic; Writing; 
 Drawing ; French ; German ; Latin ; Music ; and Deportment. 
 
 The number of Pupils is limited to eighty-seven, daughters of Naval 
 and Marine Officers, receiving to the full, as far as circumstances will 
 
454 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 permit, the advantages proposed by the benevolent founder ; of these, 
 twenty-six are received at the annual payment oi£Ao; fifty-six are 
 boarded and educated at the entire cost to the parents or guardians of 
 £j.2 per annum ; and five are Nominees of the Patriotic Fund, whose 
 fathers died' during the Crimean war; the Establishment defraying the 
 larger amount of actual cost through the means of voluntary contributions. 
 At the present time (1871) there are on the reduced scale of payment 
 five who have lost both parents, and thirty-three others have lost their 
 fathers. 
 
 The Institution has already been of sufficient duration to establish a 
 high character for its efficiency and advantages as a seminary for Female 
 Education; the best testimony to which, in addition to concurrent 
 pubhc opinion, is derived from the invariable satisfaction expressed by 
 the Parents of the Pupils, and the numerous demands which are made 
 for admission. 
 
 Scholarships. — Lady Grefs: two of ;^i2 a year each, for Parentless 
 or Fatherless Pupils, elected by the Subscribers, or nominated by the 
 Royal Patriotic Fund. The Warren Scholarship oi £xo per annum, 
 competed for annually. The Bruce Scholarship: the three Upper 
 Classes elect annually, by a majority of votes, one of the three young 
 Ladies who shall have obtained the highest place at an Examination 
 open to all the Pupils. Warden Scholarships — awarded for knowledge 
 of the Holy Scriptures and Religious Subjects. The election takes 
 place annually, under conditions similar to those of the Bruce Scholar- 
 ships. 
 
 Queen Adelaide Pupils : grants not exceeding j£i 2 per annum each, 
 for the benefit of three or four Pupils who may have been admitted on 
 the ;^i2 or reduced list, tenable so long as they remain in the School. 
 
 Teachers. — In the selection of parties to be employed in the rnanage- 
 ment of the School as Governors and Teachers, a preference is given 
 to the Daughters and relatives of Naval and Marine Officers, where com- 
 patible with a due regard to the necessary qualifications for such offices. 
 
 Admission of Pupils. — The ages for admission shall be from eleven 
 to fifteen, but no Pupil shall remain after the age of eighteen, unless 
 under special circumstances. All Candidates are expected to be able 
 to read and to write with facility from dictation, and, if thirteen years 
 of age, must know the first four rules of arithmetic, and, for the first 
 six months after their election, will be considered as on probation ; and 
 before any Pupil can be withdrawn, from the Institution, a quarter's 
 notice must be given in writing to the Secretaries. Before any Pupil 
 can be placed upon the list of Candjdates for admission or election, the 
 parents or guardians must forward 'to the Secretaries a certificate, duly 
 attested by the Minister of the parish or nearest resident Magistrate, 
 and one Churchwarden, specifying their exact ages, qualifications, cir- 
 cumstances of the family, general state of health (mental as well as 
 bodily), and whether they have had the small-pox, or have been 
 vaccinated. 
 
 A List of Subscribers is pubhshed annually, giving the names of 
 persons entitled to Vote for the admission of Candidates. These Lists 
 may be procured at the Office, 32, Sackville Street, or will be sent free 
 on receipt of thirteen stamps. 
 
 Secretary, Arthur Ellis, Esq. 
 
NORTH LONDON COLLEGIATE SCHOOL. 455 
 
 Royal School for Daughters of Officers of the Army, 
 
 Lansdown, Bath. — Instituted 1864. Patrons, Her Majesty the 
 Queen, and Members of the Royal Family. Object. — To bestow 
 upon Orphan or other Daughters of Officers of the Army, inclusive of 
 the Royal Marines, a good, practical, and religious Education, at the 
 lowest possible cost. The Religious teaching is in accordance with the 
 doctrines of the United Church of England and Ireland. Daughters of 
 gentlemen who have retired from the service by the sale of their com- 
 missions are not eligible as Pupils. The Course of Instruction 
 comprises English, Latin, French, German, Drawing, Music, Dancing, 
 and Deportment. 
 
 Admission by Election. Donors of £,^ 55. or upwards have one 
 vote for every such amount subscribed, and are constituted Life-Mem- 
 bers ; every annual Subscriber of los. 6d. is constituted a Member, and 
 may give one vote for each half-guinea so subscribed. There are greater 
 privileges for larger Donors and Subscribers. But, with a view to afford 
 the advantages of good Education to the Daughters of Officers of com- 
 petent means, at a moderate cost, a limited number are admitted at a 
 remunerating amount, determinable by the Governors. Candidates of 
 this class may be received without Election, subject to the discretion of 
 the Committee. 
 
 Fees. — Every Elected or Nominated Pupil pays £,\z per annum. Every Pupil, 
 otherwise than those privileged by Election or Nomination, £to per annum. 
 
 Communications to be directed to the Secretary, 22, Cockspur Street, 
 London, W, 
 
 Lady Superintendent, Miss Kingdon. 
 
 North London Collegiate School for Girls. — Established 
 1850; incorporated 187 1. Visitor: the Bishop of London. The 
 Course of Instruction comprises the following subjects : — Religion, 
 English Language and Grammar, History and Literature, Geography, 
 Arithmetic, Algebra, Euclid, French, German, Latin, Calisthenifcs, 
 Drawing from Models, Ornamental and Free-hand' Drawing, Natural 
 Philosophy and Science, Class Singing, and Plain Needlework. Pupils 
 are prepared for the Oxford and Cambridge Local Examinations ; for 
 the Examination for Women in the University of London ; and for the 
 Examination by the College of Preceptors, &c. Ninety-three Pupils 
 have passed the Cambridge Local and other Examinations. 
 
 There are Six Scholarships in the gift of Mrs. David Laing, each 
 tenable from "year to year, at her discretion. These were founded in 
 i860, and Seventeen Girls have been already educated, wholly or in 
 part. These Scholarships cover the School Fees, but their tenure 
 depends on satisfactory reports of Progress and Conduct. The Trustees 
 of Mrs. Reid's Fund offer annually a Scholarship, tenable for two 
 years, at Bedford College. 
 
 This Scholarship is decided by an Examination. There are also 
 valuable Prizes awarded in every Class for the different subjects of 
 study. 
 
 Fees.— Entrance, £1 is. ; Tuition, £1^ 4s. per Term ; P;ipils above thirteen, 
 /■j js. per Term. Latin, German, Italian, Painting in Water Colours, Mathematics, 
 
456 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Pianoforte, Singing, and Harmony are extras. There are three Terms. Boarders 
 may be arranged for in the residences of some of the Mistresses. There is a Training 
 Department for Girls under ten years of age, preparatory to the higher Classes ot tue 
 School, at £l 3s. per Term. 
 
 Head Mistress, Miss Buss, 202, Camden Road. 
 
 "Wilton College.— In Union with the College of Precep- 
 tors AND THE Society of Arts. The Pupils receive a sound English 
 Education, combined with every facility for the practical acquirement 
 of Foreign Languages. French and German are constantly spoken in 
 the Establishment. The Moral and Religious training of the Pupils is 
 the constant care and solicitude of Dr. and Mrs. Klein, who have for 
 many years successfully conducted both Departments .of Wilton College, 
 London. There is an annual Distribution of Prizes at Christmas. 
 
 Season Tickets for the Crystal Palace, which is but a short walking 
 distance from Mount Villa, are provided for the Boarders gratis. The 
 College (Mount Villa) is situated in Devonshire Road,, Forest Hdl, 
 Kent, on elevated ground, and commands a very extensive view of 
 Surrey and Kent— two counties celebrated for their salubrity and 
 beauty. 
 
 Fees.— Day Scholars from;^2 2S. to/4 4s. per quarter, according to ag&from ten 
 to sixteen. Day Boarders, ^^6 6s. ; Weekly Boarders; ^8 8s. ; Full Boarders, £q gs. 
 per quarter. 
 
 Principal, Dr. Julius Klein, M.A., Ph.D. 
 
 Tudor Hall Ladies' College.— Established 1850. Domestic 
 Arrangements are those of a Christian' Family. No Class coiitains 
 more than Seven Students. Each Pupil comes under the daily super- 
 vision of the Principals. Regular Examinations are conducted by a 
 Member of the Cambridge Syndicate, and Reports sent to the Parents 
 and Guardians. A staff of Twenty-five Professors in regular attendance. 
 A Junior department for children of tender age, who are trained with 
 those of the Principals. Classes prepared for the School of Art Com- 
 petitions and the Cambridge and Oxford Local Examinations. The 
 entire cost, dependent on the Masters required for " Accomplishments," 
 about 120 guineas. 
 
 Principal, Rev. Dr. Todd, Tudor Hall, Sydenham. 
 
 Cheltenham Ladies' College.— Visitor, the Right Rev. 
 Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol. Established for the purpose 
 of providing for the Daughters of Gentlemen sound and religious 
 Education of the highest order on moderate terms. The Pro- 
 prietary consists of 155 shares, and every Pupil must be nomi- 
 nated by a Proprietor, and approved by the Council. Besides the 
 Regular Students, who attend daily, there is a considerable number 
 of Occasional Students who attend Courses of Lectures, or take 
 Lessons. Ever since the establishment of the College the Council have 
 insisted on a thorough Examination of all the Classes.' Each year they 
 have appointed independent Examiners, many of whom have been 
 public Examiners in the Universities of Oxford and London, besides 
 some of the Assistant Commissioners on the Schools Enquiry. The 
 Council are careful to appoint the best Teachers that can be procured. 
 
LIVERPOOL LADIES' EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY. 457 
 
 No Boarders are received, but Homes for Boarders are sanctioned by 
 the Council. Numerous families, especially from India, come to reside 
 at Cheltenham, and send their children to the College. 
 
 Scholarships and Honours. — Colonel Church Pearce, an old 
 Peninsular officer, has invested _;^i,ooo to found a Scholarship for the 
 Daughter of an officer in her Majesty's Service, the Line to be pre- 
 ferred. Several of the Pupils have taken Honours in the Oxford 
 University Local Examinations for Girls, and in the Cambridge and 
 the London University Examinations. 
 
 Course of Instruction. — Holy Scriptures, Ancient and Modem 
 History, Geography, English Language and Grammar, French, Ger- 
 man, Writing, Euclid, Algebra, Arithmetic, Reading, Natural Science, 
 Chemistry and Electricity, Natural Philosophy, Literature; Drawing, 
 Calisthenics, Needlework, &c. Courses of Lectures to advanced Students 
 are given in Science, Literature, and History. 
 
 Fees. — Inclusive Terms for half-yearly session : — For the Third Division, 6 gs. ; 
 Second Division, 8J gs. ; First Division, 11 gs. ; Pupils who have been two years in 
 Class I., 85 gs. Pupils of the College are received as Boarders by Ladies approved 
 by the Council, the Inclusive Terms being 50 gs. per annum. The Fees are mode- 
 rated for occasional Students. 
 
 There are a few endowed schools where girls are fed and clothed, and taught to 
 read and write indifferently ; and a few schools have been lately established and main- 
 tained by public subscription where orphan girls can obtain superior instruction ; but 
 the numerous foundations of ancient endowment for the religious and intellectual 
 education of young females, scattered over the country in the middle ages, were all 
 swept away at the dissolution of religious houses in the sixteenth century. The great 
 ecclesiastical foundations for men were reformed and re-established on an improved 
 system, but the rich endowments for the benefit of women were either seized by court 
 favourites, or transferred to schools and colleges for men, and our sex to this day 
 have not recovered from the fatal blow. For a few years the women educated in these 
 ancient schools added lustre to the England of Elizabeth. Their French might be the 
 French of " Stratteforde atte Bow," rather than that of Paris (and perhaps they were 
 none the worse for that), but their acquirements kept pace with those of their brothers. 
 The next century witnessed an eclipse, and the ignorance of the following ages led, 
 by an easy descent, to the profligacy of many succeeding generations. It is ojily since 
 the accession of Queen Victoria iiat there has been any encouraging prospect of 
 revival. 
 
 Lady Principal, Miss Beale. 
 
 Liverpool Ladies' Educational Society. — Founded in 
 1867, with the object of promoting the Higher Education of Women. 
 Two Educational Courses of Lectures are given every year. After each 
 Lecture, Questions are submitted to the Pupils, and their Answers are 
 revised by the Lecturer. Certificates of Proficiency are given at the 
 end of each Course to meritorious Students. About 220 Ladies avail 
 themselves of the advantages of the Institution. There is a Reading 
 Room, 83, Renshaw Street ; and a Schoolmistresses' Association, which 
 meets once a month; Classes have been formed for Botany, Latin, and 
 Mathematics. The Committee has succeeded in having Liverpool 
 made a Cenfre for the Cambridge Local Examinations for Girls, and 
 the number of Candidates satisfactorily increases. The Lectures are 
 delivered at the Royal Institution. 
 
 Fees. — These are liable to slight variation from time to time, according to the 
 subjects. The following may be taken as tlie general terms ■.—£,\ Is. for Students 
 from private families ; 15s. for School Pupils ; los. for Teachers. 
 
 Secretary, Miss M. Calder, 49, Canning Street. 
 
4S8 SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 
 
 Society for Employment of Women. — In connection with 
 the National Association for. the Promotion of Social Science. Office, 
 23, Great Marlborough Street, Regent Street, London, W. Patron, 
 Her Majesty the Queen ; President, Right Hon. the Earl of Shrews- 
 bury. The Society was formed for promoting the Emplojniient of 
 Women in Industrial Pursuits. Every person who pays an annual 
 Subscription of los., or a Donation of ^5, is a Member of the Society. 
 By the exertions of this and kindred Societies, various occupations are 
 now open to Women. 
 
 Instruction and Employment. — Telegraphy, Photography, Hair 
 Dressing, Glass Engraving, Wood Carving and Engraving, Hospital 
 Nursing, Dispensing, Law Copying, &c. 
 
 The Society was established to aid the Daughters of Professional Men and Mer- 
 chants who had been left insufficiently provided for, and it has been the means of 
 relieving the anxieties, and employing the time and thoughts, of many a poor Gentle- 
 woman who would else have pined for lack of sympathy, and probably have simk 
 into hopeless poveity and despondency; but it is impossible to place Women who 
 have passed through their girlhood with no systematic training, in a position to main- 
 tain themselves with the same ease and success as Men who have been prepared by 
 the discipline of regular study. On Parents and Guardians, above all on Young 
 Women themselves, the Committee would urge the importance of systematic training 
 and the acquisition of regular business habits. On these, not on the efforts of a few 
 individuals, however kindly and however zealous, must depend the true advancement 
 of Women. ' Secretary, Miss King. 
 
 Trained Nurses. — The Committee of the ".Nightingale Fund" 
 have made arrangements with the Aaithorities of St. Thomas's Hospital, 
 Albert Embankment, Westminster Road, London, for educating Women 
 as Hospital Nurses. On the satisfactory completion of one year's 
 training, they will be required to enter into service as Nurses in the 
 Metropolitan or Provincial Hospitals or Infirmaries. A limited number 
 of Ladies can be admitted under special agreements to this course of 
 training with a view to qualify themselves for superior appointments. 
 
 Institutions requiring Trained Superintendents or Nurses are re- 
 quested to apply to the Secretary of the Nightingale Fund, Henry 
 BONHAM Carter, Esq., 91, Gloucester Terrace, Hyde Park, W., or 
 to Mrs. W. W. Wardroper, the Matron of St. Thomas's Hospital, 
 sometime previously to their requiring the services. Women wishing 
 to be Trained should, whenever it is possible, make personal application 
 to be entered on the list of Candidates for admission as vacancies 
 occur. 
 
 The following Institutions also Train Nurses, and promote their 
 Employment after Training : — 
 
 General Nursing Institute, 5, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, 
 W.C. Estabhshed 1864. Medical Director, Mr. A. Ebsworth. 
 Secretary, Mr. W. S. Vigne. 
 
 Institution for Nursing Sisters, 4, Devonshire Square, Bishops- 
 gate, N.E. Founded 1840, by Mrs. Fry. Lady Superintendent, Mrs. 
 Sweet. 
 
 London Nurses' Institute, 42, South Audley Street, Grosvenor 
 Square, W. Manager, Mr. T. Hamilton. 
 
 St. John's House and Sisterhood, 7 and 8, Norfolk Street, Strand, 
 W.C. President, the Bishop of London. Apphcations to the Lady 
 Superior. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 ARMY REGULATIONS.— EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM TO 
 ACCOMPANY THE ROYAL WARRANT. 
 
 1. The scope of the present Warrant is confined to making those changes which 
 are rendered immediately necessary by the abolition of purchase, and it therefore 
 deals only with the subjects of First Appointments, Regimental Promotion in the 
 Cavalry and Infantry of the Line, and Exchanges. 
 
 2. Questions affecting the Household Cavalry and Foot Guards are under the con- 
 sideration of her Majesty's Government, and the promotions which have heretofore 
 carried superior army rank are for the time to be suspended. 
 
 3. The regulations which are required for the purpose of carrying into effect the 
 provisions of the Warrant are either published along with it or are in course of pre- 
 paration, and win be issued shortly. 
 
 4. In the meantime, the following explanatory statement has been drawn up for 
 general information. 
 
 5. Commissions as Lieutenants will be given to all Comets and Ensigns appointed 
 before 26th August, 187 1, and to Cornets and Ensigns appointed since that date from 
 the A List at Sandhurst, their Commissions to date from 1st November. 
 
 6. Commissions as Sub-lieutenants will be given to — 
 
 (3.) All other Cornets and Ensigns appointed after 26th August, 1871, the rank of 
 Cornet and Ensign being abolished. 
 
 (5.) Candidates who have passed the Examination for Direct Commissions, in their 
 turn as vacancies occur. 
 
 (c.) Candidates for Commissions in the Household Cavalry and Foot Guards who are 
 nominated to fiU. the vacancies which occur in those regiments before the date of the 
 first Competitive Examination for Sub-lieutenancies, and who pass a qualifying Exa- 
 mination. 
 
 (d.) Candidates from the Universities now on the Commander-in-Chiefs list. 
 
 7. Sub-lieutenants will be attached for a year to regiments at home. They wiU 
 then be required to go through a Course of Instruction, and on passing a practical 
 Professional Examination be Commissioned to Regiments as Lieutenants. They will 
 be under strict discipline, and will be liable to be removed for unfitness, either moral 
 or physical, and for misconduct. Those unsuited to the Cavalry may be transferred to 
 the Infantry. 
 
 8. In dating their Commissions, they will be allowed a portion, not exceeding one 
 year, of their service as Sub-lieutenants ; the time allowed being determined by the 
 class of Certificate they receive after their year's regimental training, their conduct 
 while under instruction, and their position at the Final Examination. Their service 
 for retirement will reckon from the date of their Commissions as Lieutenants. 
 
 9. Candidates who have passed the Examination for Direct Commissions, and have 
 also passed satisfactorily through a year's course of Study at the Royal Mihtary 
 College before being appointed to be Sub-lieutenants, and Sandhurst Cadets from 
 the B List, will be commissioned to Regiments as Lieutenants on serving satisfactorily 
 for twelve months with a Regiment as Sub-lieutenants. 
 
 10. There are now a large number of supernumerary Officers, and also a large number 
 of Candidates who have passed for Commissions. 
 
 1 1 . The absorption of supernumerary Officers wiU probably be completed, and the 
 Candidates who have passed for Commissions have received their appointments, in 
 about two years from the present time, and first appointments in the army will then 
 only be given as follows : — 
 
 (a.) To successful Candidates at a Competitive Examination. 
 
46o APPENDIX. 
 
 (J.) To Non-commissioned Officers recommended for promotion by the Field 
 Marshal Commanding-in-Chief. 
 
 (c.) To Candidates from the Universities. 
 
 (d.) To Queen's Cadets, Indian Cadets, and Pages of Honom. 
 
 («.) To Lieutenants of Militia. 
 
 12. The Competitive Examination will be carried out by the Civil Sei-vice Commis- 
 sioners, the standard of qualification being that recommended by the Royal Com- 
 mission on MiUtary Education. Ample notice will be given of the First Examina- 
 tion, and there will be no advantage in any applications being made for admission to 
 be examined before the publication of such notice. 
 
 13. Non-commissioned Officers on being selected for promotion will pass an Exa- 
 mination on certain professional subjects ; and then, after twelve months' satisfactory 
 service as Sub-lieutenants, will receive Commissions as Lieutenants. 
 
 14. A certain number of Sub-lieutenancies a year will be allotted to Candidates who 
 have passed the University Examination specified in the Regulations, If they also pass 
 the Examination for the degree of B.A., they will be allowed two years' extension 
 of the limit of age. University Candidates will be required to give at least six 
 months' notice of their desire to be admitted into the Army. If in any year there 
 should be more Candidates than Appointments, the requisite number wiU be chosen 
 by competition between the Candidates ; after their appointment they will go through 
 the same course as other Sub-heutenants. 
 
 15. There will be no vacancies for two years for any Candidates from the Univer- 
 sities whose names are not now on the Commander-in-chiers list. 
 
 lb. Queen's and Indian Cadets and Queen's Pages will be required to pass a quali- 
 fying' Examination, wliich for the' present will be the same as that recominended by 
 the Royal Commission on Military Education. The nominations will remain as here- 
 tofore. 'When appointed. Cadets and Pages wiU go through the same Course as other 
 Sub-heutenants. 
 
 17. First appointments as Subalterns in the Militia, will be made on tlie recom- 
 mendation of the Lieutenants of Counties. Candidates, before receiving their Com- 
 missions as Lieutenants in the Militia, will be required to pass a qualifying Examina- 
 tion in General Subjects equal to the standard fixed as necessary for a Candidate for a 
 Sub-lieutenancy. They will next be required to be attached to a Regiment of the 
 Line for thiee months, or such time as may be necessary to teach them their drill." 
 After serving with their Militia Regiment for two annual trainings they will be eUgible 
 for the appointment of Lieutenants in the Army. In order to obtain such an appoint- 
 ment they must be recommended by the Commanding Officer of their Mihtia Regiment, 
 his recommendation being confirmed by the General Officer commanding the district, 
 and they will be required to pass an Examination in Professional Subjects of flie same 
 kind as that which wUl be required of a Sub-lieutenant before he receives his Commis- 
 sion as a Lieutenant. 
 
 18. The limits of age, except for Non-commissioned Officers, will be fixed at from 
 seventeen to twenty for Sub-lieutenants, the limit being raised to twenty-two in the 
 case of Candidates who have passed their Examination for tlie degree of B.A. at the 
 Universities, and from nineteen to twenty-two for Lieutenants from the Militia. 
 
 19. So far as it is possible to calculate beforehand, the vacancies on the present 
 establishment of Officers in the Army vstII provide for about two hundred admissions a 
 year by Competition, and for one Commission a year for each Militia Regiment of 
 ten companies, and for the smaller Regiments in proportion, besides the number 
 allowed for Candidates from the Univeisities, Non-commissioned Officere, &c. 
 
 20. In addition to the Examinations hitherto required from Regimental Of&cers, 
 those who are promoted to the rank of Captain after the ist of November will, before 
 being promoted to the rank of Major, be required to pass a Professional Examination. 
 
 21. The necessary alterations in the Queen's Regulations with respect to this and 
 otiier Examinations will be made public as soon as possible. 
 
 22. Adjutancies of the auxihaiy forces will in futm-e be filled by half-pay Officers or 
 by OfiScers belonging to Regiments, who will be made supernumerary to their Regi- 
 ments while so serving. The appointments will be held, in the first instance, for a 
 term of five years ; but if their service prove unsatisfactory, they will be liable to be 
 sent back to their Regiments, or put upon a reduced rate of half-pay, under Article 25 
 of tlie "Warrant, at any time ; if satisfactory, they will be eligible for reappointment 
 after the exphation of tiieir first period. 
 
 23. It is not intended to interpose any obstacles in the way of exchanges between 
 Officers on full pay which are made to suit the reasonable convenience of Officers. It 
 is therefore provided that an Officer wishing to exchange shall be permitted to defray 
 
APPENDIX. 461 
 
 the fair and reasonable expenses of the Officer with whom he exchanges, provided that 
 the sum to be paid is approved by the Commander-in-Chief. Precautions have been 
 taken in the Queen's Regulations for the Army to guard against any abuse of such 
 
 arrangements. EDWARD CARDWELL. 
 
 Oct. y>th, 1871. 
 
 THE STAEF COLLEGE. 
 
 " Victoria R. — Whereas we deem it expedient to revise the emoluments of Officers 
 of our Staff College, as set forth in Articles 458 and 492 of our Royal Warrant of the 
 27th of December last [1870], for the pay and promotion of our Army, our will and plea- 
 sure is that the aforesaid articles do stand revised as follows : — The pay of the Officers 
 of our Staff College shall be as follows : — Commandant, ;^8oo yearly, in addition to 
 half-pay of regimental rank; Professor of Mathematics, ;f3SOi;0;^soo (by triennial 
 increases of ;^50) ; Professor of Military Art and History, ;^S5o ; Professor of Forti- 
 fication and Artillery, ;^S5o ; Professor of Military Drawing and Surveying, ;^SOO ; 
 Professor of Military Administration and Law, ^400 ; Professors of French, German, 
 Hindustani, Chemistry, and Geology, each £zSO. Where quarters cannot be allotted, 
 ^50 a year, in addition to the rates specified Jor Professors, Masters, and Instructors, 
 at our Staff College or Royal Military College, shall be issued for the following 
 appointments ; but all issues in kind or allowances in lieu thereof are inadmissible at 
 the pubUc expense, whether the Officers be in quarters or not. Staff College. — Pro- 
 fessors of Mathematics, Military Art and History, Fortification and Artillery, Mili- 
 tary Drawing and Surveying, Military Administration and Law, French, German, 
 Hindustani, Chemistry, and Geology. Royal Military College. — Professor and 
 Instructor of Fortification, Professor and Instructor of Military Drawing and Survey- 
 ing, Professor and Instructor of Military History, Professor and Master of Mathe- 
 matics, Professor and Master of French, Professor of Landscape Drawing, Master of 
 German, and Master of Landscape Drawing. The above rates of pay and those laid 
 down for our Royal Military College in Article 479 of our Royal Warrant of 27th 
 December, 1870, shall include all remuneration of every kind except any additional 
 pay, beyond his ordinary regimental pay, to which an Officer may be entitled by brevet 
 rank, or as a reward for distinguished service in the field ; and no person hereafter 
 appointed to any of the appointments in our Staff College or Royal Military College 
 shall be entitled to pension or superannuation allowance for services in such appoint- 
 ment. Article 495 of our Royal Warrant of 27th December, 1870, is hereby 
 cancelled." 
 
 CONTROL DEPARTMENT. 
 
 A Royal Warrant revising the regulations for appointments to the administrative 
 ranks of the Control Department has been issued from the War Office. Articles 285, 
 286, 287, and 307 of the Royal Warrant of the 27th of December, 1870, are cancelled, 
 and the following substituted in lieu thereof : — Combatant Officers of our Army so 
 selected shall not be under the ranlc of Captain, shall have not less than five years' 
 full-pay service as Commissioned Officers, and shall, as a general rule, have passed 
 through the Staff College or the advanced class at Woolwich. Officers of our Royal 
 Artillery may be appointed up to forty years of age ; but Officers appointed from other 
 branches of our Army shall be under thirty-five years of age. Before final appoint- 
 ment to the Department, they shall undergo a probation of two years as Acting Assist- 
 ant Controllers, during which time they shall be detached from their Regiments. At 
 the termination of that period, if found competent and willing to serve in the Control 
 Department, they shall resign their Military Commissions, and shall be furnished with 
 Commissions as Assistant Controllers. Non-commissioned Officers of our Army dis- 
 tinguished for zeal, ability, and good conduct, shall be eligible for Commissions in 
 the Sub-Department. They will be required to pass such Educational Examination 
 as may be approved by our Secretary of State. 
 
 INDIAN CIVIL ENGINEERING COLLEGE. 
 
 By order of the Secretary of State for India, a Competitive Examination will be 
 held in July, 1872, for selection of Fifty Candidates for admission to the Indian 
 Civil Engineering College, Cooper's Hill. (See pp. 163, 164.) 
 
 For particulars, apply by letter only to the Secretary, Pubhc Works Department, 
 India Office, S.W. ; or to the Secretary of the CivU Sendee Commission, S.W. 
 India Office, September, 1871. 
 
462 APPENDIX. 
 
 ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE, SANDHURST. 
 
 The Old Cadet's Establishment is abolished. The Government has not j-et 
 decided upon new Regulations. In the meantime one hundred Students who have 
 passed for Direct Commissions, and ^ave not yet obtained them, are receiving MiUtary 
 Instruction. But this is a temporary arrangement. 
 October, 1871. 
 
 GENERAL POST OFFICE, TELEGRAPH DEPARTMENT. 
 
 With regard to the Employment of Clerks, Messengers, &c., in the Postal Tele- 
 graph Service, no definite information can be given at present, as the arrangements 
 for the Establishment necessary for the Telegraph Service have not yet been decided 
 upon. 
 
 October, 187 1. 
 
 ARMY SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLMASTERS. 
 
 By order of the Commander-in-Chief, new Regulations have just been issued 
 (Sept., 1871), cancelling certain previous Queen's Regulations, and substituting 
 others. Every Recruit is required to attend tlie Regimental School from the time of 
 his entering the semce until he is in possession of a fourth-class Certificate, and the 
 attendance must not be less than five hours a week. Enlisted Boys shall attend 
 School till they are in possession of a second-class Certificate. Commanding Officers 
 of corps are to give eveiy countenance and support to the Schools, and to require that 
 all marned Soldiers shall send their Children to the School, on pain of being deprived 
 of the privileges attendant on the residence of their wives in barracks. Eveiy Soldier 
 is to be encouraged to attend School until he is reported sufficiently advanced in read- 
 ing, writing, and arithmetic. All Army Schoolmasters are to be required to make 
 themselves acquainted with the system of paying a company, keeping savings-bank 
 and other accounts, so that they may be able to teach these things to the Non-com- 
 missioned Officers. Commanding Officers wUl issue first, second, and third-class 
 Certificates, on the recommendation of the Inspector of Anny Schools, and fourtli- 
 class on the recommendation of the Sub-inspector of the district ; and a return of the 
 number of these must be made to the Adjutant-General on the ist of Januaiy every 
 year. No private Soldier is to be promoted to the rank of Corporal unless he is in 
 possession of a third-class Certificate ; and no Corporal is to be promoted to the rank . 
 of Sergeant unless he holds a second-class Certificate. An Infant or Industrial School 
 is to be established in eveiy Corps. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE. UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS OF GIRLS AND 
 WOMEN. 
 
 The following Ladies and Gentlemen will furnish information to intending 
 Candidates : — 
 
 „.' ■ !,,„ . ( Mrs. Fleming, 112, HaglevRoad, Edgbaston. 
 
 Birmmghara . | ^jj^^ giURGE, 17, Frederick Street, Edgbaston. 
 
 Blackburn : Rev. C. W. WooDHOUSE. 
 
 „ . , r Mrs. Henry Martin, 4, Powys Road. 
 
 iingmon . | Barclay Phillips, Esq., 75, Lansdowne Place. 
 
 Bristol : Mrs. Wait, z, Worcester Villas, Clifton. 
 
 Cambridge : Mrs. Peile, Trumpington. Local Secretary. 
 
 Cheltenham : Mrs. Myers, Brandon House. Local Secretary. 
 
 Devon : Mrs. Gregory, Trusham Rectory, Bovey Tracey. 
 
 Falmouth ; Mrs. Howard Fox, Florence Place. 
 
 Lake District : Mrs. Benson Harrison, Coniston Bank, Coniston, Lancashire. 
 
 Lancashire ; Mrs. Robert Henniker, RossaU, Fleetwood. 
 
 Leeds : Miss Wilson, Hilary Place. Local Secretary. 
 
 Liverpool : Miss Calder, 49, Canning Street. Local Secretary. 
 
 Miss Elinor Bonham Carter, Ravensbourne, Beckenham, Kent. 
 Local Secretary. 
 London ■ ^^^ Clough, at S. Smith's, Esq., Combe Hurst, Kingston-on- 
 Thames. 
 Mrs. LiNGEN, 6, Westboume Crescent, W. 
 *■ Mrs. W. Spottiswoode, 50, Grosvenor Place, S.W. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 463 
 
 T,, , . ( Rev. Canon Beechey, Worsley Vicarage. 
 Manchester: { Mrs. Bowers. Deanei^. ^ 
 
 Local Secretary. 
 
 Northumberland : Miss Caur, Dunston HiU, Gateshead, 
 Plymouth : Mrs. Metcalfe, Christ Church Vicarage. 
 Rugby : Mrs. F. E. Kitchener. Local Secretary. 
 Sheffield: Miss Keeling, 16, Broomhall Street. 
 Southport : Miss Taylor, Birklands, Birkdale Park. 
 York : Miss Swaine, i. The Crescent, York. 
 The amount of the Local Fee at each centre, and other arrangements not provided 
 for by the Syndicate, are settled by the Local Committees. 
 
 LIST OF SCHOOLS WHOSE PUPILS HAVE OBTAINED CERTI- 
 FICATES AT THE OXFORD LOCAL EXAMINATIONS. 
 
 where examined. 
 Birmingham . 
 
 NAME OF SCHOOL. 
 King Edward's School . . . 
 The Bridge Trust School, Hands- 
 
 v^orth 
 
 ,, Grammar School, Solihull 
 
 ,, Seighford Vicarage ... 
 
 ,, Grammar School, Worcester 
 
 „ Newport House, Walsall . . 
 
 „ Proprietary School, Edgbaston . 
 
 Bishop Vesey's School, Sutton 
 
 Coldfield 
 
 „ Longton Middle Class School . 
 jj Gramihar School, Walsall . . 
 ,, North Malvern School .... 
 , Collegiate School, Smethwick . 
 , Townshend House, Kidder- 
 minster 
 
 Bath Grammar School, Bristol . . . 
 
 New Kingswood School . . . 
 
 Lord Weymouth's Grammar 
 
 School, Warminster .... 
 
 The Hermitage 
 
 9, Norfolk Crescent 
 
 Somerset House, Kingsdown, 
 
 Bristol 
 
 Keyford Academy, Frome . . 
 
 Weston School 
 
 Pestalozzian School .... 
 Grammar School, Melksham . . 
 Salisbury Grammar School . . 
 
 Grammar School 
 
 I, Devonshire Place .... 
 I , Brunswick Place . ... 
 
 Camden House, Bristol . . . 
 
 Competitive School 
 
 BRIGHTON I, CheshamRoad . . ... 
 
 Garden House, Tunbndge Wells 
 " Clifton House, Hove .... 
 
 " Protestant Grammar School, 
 
 Shoreham 
 
 The College, Weston-super- 
 
 mare 
 
 Cheltenham .... King's School, Gloucester . . 
 Collegiate School, Tetbury . . 
 " Grammar School, Painswick . . 
 Southam Villa, Prestbury Road 
 " EUenborough House .... 
 " Proprietary School, Hereford . 
 " Crypt Grammar School, Glou- 
 cester 
 
 Grammar School 
 
 PRINCIPAL. 
 Rev. E. F. M. MacCarthy. 
 
 Rev. J. M. Guest. 
 Rev. J. H. Bennett. 
 Rev. E. C. Perry. 
 Rev. F. J. Eld. 
 
 E. Haywood. 
 G. Robertson. 
 
 Rev. A. Smith. 
 
 B. Prowse. 
 
 Rev. A. C. Irvine. 
 J. Tyrer. 
 W. Grant. 
 
 F. Askin. 
 
 Rev. J. W. Caldicott. 
 J. G. Osbom. 
 
 Dr. Alcock. 
 J. Webster. 
 Mrs. Jeffery. 
 
 D. Vines. 
 
 E. Flatman. 
 
 G. and A. Browning. 
 
 F. J. Robinson. 
 E. V. WiUiams. 
 
 G. Burden. 
 
 Rev. H. S. Fagan. 
 J. W. R. Henry. 
 Madame Pagmy. 
 W. Benham. 
 J. Chimside. 
 
 C. W. Goodhart. 
 W. H. Corke. 
 Rev. H. Fyffe. 
 
 W. H. Harper. 
 
 T. Elwell. 
 Rev. H. Fowler. 
 J. W. Keiller. 
 U. J. Davis. 
 J. Wooder. 
 Miss Bowron. 
 J. J. Lomax. 
 
 Rev.- C. Naylor. 
 H. M. Jeffery. 
 
464 APPENDIX. 
 
 WHERE EXAMINED. NAME OF SCHOOL. PRINCIPAI.. 
 
 Exeter Grammar School, Tavistock . . Rev. E. Spencer. 
 
 Hele's School ...... C. Long. 
 
 „ Parade School, Exmouth . . . C. Salter. 
 
 Finchley Christ's College Rev. T. R. White. 
 
 Liverpool Liverpool Institute Rev. J. Sephton. 
 
 „ Northern Institute, Everton . . G. Contre. 
 
 „ Liverpool College Rev. G. Butler. 
 
 ,, Merchant Taylors' School, Great 
 
 Crosby Rev. S. C. Armour. 
 
 „ Holt Academy, Wrexham . . Rev. E. Rowell. 
 
 „ Grammar School, Ruabon . . Rev. A. L. Taylor. 
 
 ,, Prince's Park School .... Rev. R. G. Soper. 
 
 ,, Egremont Academy .... Rev. R. Love. 
 
 „ Clare Mount School, WaUasea . Rev. W. C. Greene. 
 
 ,, Oxford House, Southport . . . J.Collier. 
 
 ,, Grammar School, Wrexham . . Rev. T. Kirk. 
 
 ,, Waterloo School J. Browli. 
 
 ,, Grammar School, Wigan . . . T. Taylor. 
 
 „ Plas Llysfaen, Abergele ... Dr. F. Waymouth. 
 
 London St. Olave's Grammar School, 
 
 Southwark Rev. A. Johnson. 
 
 ,, Cranbrook C. F. Mermagen. 
 
 ,, Crown's Hill School, Blackheath Rev. Dr. Goodwin. 
 
 ,, Upper School, Dulwich College Rev. Dr. Carver. 
 
 ,, Clarendon House, Kenningtou 
 
 Road Dr. C. H. Pinches. 
 
 Colfe's Grammar School, Lewis- 
 ham Hill Rev. T. Bramley. 
 
 ,, Commercial Travellers' School, 
 
 Pinner •. • W. F. Richards. 
 
 Collegiate School, Dover Road . T. Whitford. 
 „ Grammar School, Edmonton. . Dr. W. Evans. 
 
 ,, Grammar School, Stepney . . Rev. O. G. D. Perrott. 
 
 ,, Brunswick House, Barnet . . Rev. J. D. Bell. 
 
 „ Middle Class School, City Road Rev. W. Jowitt. 
 
 ,, North London College, Camden 
 
 Town Rev. Dr. Williams. 
 
 ,, London OrphanAsylum, Clapton Rev. A. F. Houliston. 
 
 , , Royal Masonic Institution, Wood 
 
 Green •. ■. • S. F. Hurrian. 
 
 ,, Mission School, Blackheath . . C. and G. Makepeace. 
 
 ,, St. John's Wood Collegiate 
 
 School F. Berridge. 
 
 „ Grammar School, Hertford . . J. B. Wholmann. 
 
 ,, Grammar School, Denmark HiU C. P. Mason. 
 
 ji Arnold College, Haclcney . . . Rev. Dr. Morrison. 
 
 ji Canonbury House Messrs. Fuller, Cockman, 
 
 and Spanton. 
 I, The Mansion, Leatberhead . . Messrs, Ibb§ and'Wilson. 
 
 „ King Edward's School, Berk- 
 
 harapstead Rev. E. Bartrum. 
 
 „ Totteridge Park School, Whet- 
 stone R. F. Heath. 
 
 Heathfield House, Blackheath . A. Stewart. 
 ,, Eagle Hall Collegiate School . P. Sylvester. 
 J, Upper School, St. Mark's Col- 
 lege, Chelsea G. Atkins. 
 
 I, Haverstock HiU School . . . E. J. Chinnock. 
 „ West London College, Bays- 
 water Rev. Dr. Davies. 
 
 J, Whitley Boarding School . . . H. HuUgate. 
 
 ,, Bourne Hall, Bushey . . . . H. L. Biggs. 
 
 ,, 24, ColvUle Road, Kensington 
 
 Park Rev. T. Evans. 
 
APPENDIX. 46s 
 
 WHERE EXAMINED. NAME OF SCHOOL. PRINCIPAL. 
 
 London Kilbum Collegiate School . . J. F. J. Cuttance. 
 
 » Collegiate School, Greenwich . A. Stoppard. 
 
 , ,1 Vernon House, Gosport . . . T. W. Heckford. 
 
 ,, Park House, Hampton Wick . Rev. T. Fletcher. 
 
 » Proprietary School, Gravesend . M. Gutteridge. 
 
 „ Park House, St. Leonard's-on- 
 
 Sea J. Elliot. 
 
 » Highbiuy House, St. Leonard's- 
 
 on-Sea E. M. Dillon. 
 
 ), Pembroke House, Folkestone . G. Russell. 
 
 II Tintem Lodge, Southsea . . . Rev. J. Neobard. 
 
 11 Collegiate School, Peckham . . Rev. T. Ray. 
 
 ,1 Oak Villa, Bexley Heath . • . S. C. Barber. 
 
 ,, Latymer's School, Edmonton . Rev. C. V. Dolb^. 
 
 ,, Elm House, Sittingboume . . S. M. Mobbs. 
 
 „ Park House, Milton-next-Graves- 
 
 end E. Savage. 
 
 I, 60, Wood Street, Woolwich . . W. Musgrave. 
 
 „ King's College School, Strand . Rev. G. H. Macleod. 
 
 I, Norfli-East London CoUegiate 
 
 School J. Sarll. 
 
 ,1 Roxburgh House, 328, Liver- 
 pool Road C. P. Newcorabe. 
 
 „ Colston's Hospital School, 
 
 Stapleton, Bristol . . . . R. T. C. Rowlatt. 
 
 II Twickenham C. Palmer. 
 
 ,, Beaconsfield,AnerleyRoad, S.E. Mrs. A. Turner. 
 
 Leeds Elenfield College, York . . . J. K. DaU. 
 
 „ 39, Springfield Place .... J. Spray. 
 
 ,, Grammar School, Giggleswick . Rev. G. Style. 
 
 „ Harrogate College Dr. Heigham. 
 
 East Hard wick School, Ponte- 
 
 fract E. Lord. 
 
 ,, Braraham College, Tadcaster . B. B. Haigh and Sons. 
 
 ,, Fulneck School Rev. J. WiUey. 
 
 ,, West End Collegiate School, 
 
 Harrogate W. Taylor. 
 
 ,, Collegiate School, Falsgrave, 
 
 Scarborough W. Potter. 
 
 ,, Bank House, Keighley . . . W.H.Jackson. 
 
 ,, Mechanics' Institution . . . . T. Horsman. 
 
 ,, Grammar School, Skipton . . Rev. H. M. Grimley. 
 
 „ Arkern, Doncaster H. Millard. 
 
 Lincoln Grammar School, Kirton, Boston W. Cochrane. 
 
 ,, Grammar School, Boston . . . Rev. G. E. Pattenden. 
 
 ,, Belmont House Miss Bacon. 
 
 ,, Gosberton Hall, Spalding . . C. Boyer. 
 
 ,, Northgate Academy W. J. Mantle. 
 
 Manchester .... Manchester Grammar School . F. W. Walker. 
 
 ,, Old Trafford School .... E.H.Sharp. 
 
 „ Chorlton High School .... J. KendaJI. 
 
 ,, Grammar School, Newcastle- 
 
 under-Lyne Rev. J. S. Broad. 
 
 „ Holly Bank School, Cheetham 
 
 Hill . B. Temple. 
 
 ,, Warehousemen and Clerks' 
 
 School, Cheadle-Hulme . . W. S. Laurie. 
 
 „ Modem School, Macclesfield . J. Jackson. 
 
 ,, Greenhey's Collegiate School, 
 
 Manchester J. Livesey. 
 
 „ High School, Broughtoa . . . V. E. Etienne. 
 
 „ Grammar School, Stockport . . Rev. C. G. Hamilton. 
 
 ,, Hawthorn HaU, Wilmslow . . Dr. Somerville. 
 
 „ Victoria Park School .... Dr. Adams. 
 
 H H 
 
46b 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Nottingham 
 
 . WHERE EXAMINED. NAME OF SCHOOL. 
 
 Manchester .... Spring Grove, Blackburn 
 
 » Hyde 
 
 „ Bolton High School 
 
 „ Edenfield, Doncaster 
 
 ,, Mechanics' Institution 
 
 ,, Lancaster .... 
 
 ,, Commercial School . 
 
 „ .Stony Knolls School,_Broughton 
 
 ,, Fullarton House, Charlton-on- 
 
 Medlock 
 
 ,, College House, Blackpool 
 ,, Rose HiU School, Bowdon 
 ,, Clarendon Road School, Eccles 
 ,, Lindow Grove School, Wilmslow 
 „ White "Windows Hall, Halifax . 
 ,, Norman Road School, Rusholme 
 ,, Grammar School, Lymra . . . 
 „ Cheetham Collegiate School . . 
 ,, Henry Square, Ashton-under: 
 Lyne 
 
 Acerington Academy .... 
 
 High School 
 
 Tudor House 
 
 Trent College 
 
 Park House 
 
 Moravian School, Ockbrook, 
 Derby 
 
 Stoneygate School, Leicester 
 
 Diocesan School, Derby . . . 
 
 Oakley House, Leicester . . . 
 
 Grammar School, Leicester . . 
 
 Grove House, Mansfield . . . 
 
 Beauchamp House, Kibworth, 
 
 Leicester 
 
 Oxford Linden House, Littlemore . . 
 
 The College, Banbury .... 
 
 Banbury Academy 
 
 Richmond House, Reading . . 
 
 Milton House, Gravesend . . . 
 
 New College School .... 
 
 Grammar School, Amersham 
 
 Blue Coat Boys' School . . . 
 
 60, St. Giles . ^ 
 
 Ramsgate Royal Terrace School .... 
 
 Vale Academy 
 
 Thanet Collegiate School, Mar- 
 gate 
 
 Townley House 
 
 Lyme House, Eythorne, Sand- 
 wich 
 
 Northumberland House, Margate 
 
 Ebor Collegiate School, Margate 
 
 Aynott House, Margate . . . 
 
 Sandwich . . ■ 
 
 The Crescent College, Margate . 
 
 Bath House, Margate .... 
 
 Clifton House 
 
 Ladies' Collegiate School, Deal 
 
 Hurst Court, Ore, Hastings . . 
 
 Queen Elizabeth's Grammar 
 School, Cranbrook .... 
 
 East Cliff House, Margate . . 
 
 Dane Hill House, Margate . . 
 
 St. Lawrence 
 
 PRINCIPAL. 
 J. Barton. 
 R. S. Butterfield. 
 W. T. Mason. 
 J. C. Lane. 
 R. F. Brewer. 
 Rev. D. Davis. 
 Rev. J. Herm. 
 Rev. T. A. Livesey. 
 
 Rev. W. Marsden. 
 
 J. Crompton. 
 
 T. D. HuU. 
 
 J. T. Clegg. 
 
 J. Wood. 
 
 C. J. Crawford. 
 
 J. Vipond. 
 
 Rev. C. C. Ward. 
 
 J. H. Clark. 
 
 Rev. J. Bleasdell. 
 
 Mr. Haywood. 
 
 Rev. R. Dixon. 
 
 G. Porter and A. Jones. 
 
 Rev. T. F. Fenn. 
 
 G. Parker. 
 
 Northampton 
 
 Rev. J. J. Shawe. 
 G. B. Franklin. 
 P. J. Hammond. 
 J. Ewing. 
 Rev. J. Highton. 
 R. and W. Tyler. 
 
 E. Durham. 
 
 W. R. Hurst. 
 
 A. Wilson. 
 
 W. Hartley. 
 
 J. and T. H. White. 
 
 S. Barczinsky. 
 
 G. Carter. 
 
 Rev. W. H. Williams. 
 
 Mr. Hughes. 
 
 Misses Howe and Beaufoy. 
 
 W. F. Pygott. 
 
 M. Jackson. 
 
 C. L. Nutter. 
 
 Misses Hudson and Mrs. 
 Shrubsole. 
 
 W. Outhwaite. 
 
 Miss Hankey. 
 
 W. Leetham. 
 
 The Misses Gostling. 
 
 W. Mate. 
 
 John Dentty. 
 
 Messrs. Stanley and Disney. 
 
 Rev. J. T. Cooke. 
 
 Miss Taylor. 
 
 Dr. M. Read. 
 
 Rev. C. Crowden. 
 G. F. Head. 
 Rev. J. Boulden. 
 Miss Scott. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 467 
 
 WHERE EXAMINED. NAME OF SCHOOL. PRINCIPAL. 
 
 Streatham Hill . . Royal St. Ann's Society School, 
 
 Streatham Hill .■ . . . . B. Hawldns. 
 
 Southampton . . . Spring Hill House F. S. Crabb. 
 
 )> The Manor House, Weymouth . Mr. Fudge. 
 
 >) Diocesan Commercial School, 
 
 Winchester E. Sheppard. 
 
 „ Banister Court Rev. G. W. Ellaby. 
 
 Swansea Normal CoUege ....... W. Williams. 
 
 » Trecynon Seminary, Aberdare . Rev. R. J. Jones. 
 
 >) Collegiate School Rev. J. G. Grauntlett. 
 
 .. Arnold College W. L. V. Bristow. 
 
 ,) The New School, Llanelly . . . R. Linn. 
 
 )i Classical and Commercial School, 
 
 CardifiF Rev. E. A. Green. 
 
 ,) Bridgend W. Austin. 
 
 ,, Grammar School, Llandilo . . R-ev. T. Macfarlane. 
 
 Taunton Taunton College School . . . Rev. W. TuclrweU. 
 
 „ King James's School, Bridge- 
 water Rev. O. R. Wintle. 
 
 -„ 2, Flook Terrace Miss ToUerdey. 
 
 „ East Street House Messrs. Green and Cecil. 
 
 ,, Castle House H. Veysey. 
 
 „ Weir Field House R. Bailey. 
 
 Truro Grammar School, Tavistock .. . Rev. E. Spencer. 
 
 ,, Grammar School, Falmouth . . Rev. J. H. P. Bennett. 
 
 The Abbey, Penzance .... J. A. Thome. 
 
 ,, Ledrah House, St. Austell . . H. H. Drake and Rev. T. 
 
 Jones. 
 
 ,, Trevarth House R. Green. 
 
 ,, Kimberley House, Falmouth . J. B. Eade. 
 
 WiNIJSOR Clewer House W. R. Harris and Sons. 
 
 ,, Oakley House, Reading . . . W. Watson. 
 
 Windermere .... Windermere College . . . . G. H. Puclde and B. A. 
 
 Irvind. 
 
 ,, Blair Lodge, Stirlingshire . . J. S. Scott. 
 
 ,, Queen Elizabeth's Grammar 
 
 School, Penrith J. Gordon. 
 
 West Buckland . . Devon County School .... J. H. Thompson. 
 
 SCHOOLS IN UNION WITH THE COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS. 
 
 The Pupils in these Schools are Examined at least once in two years by the 
 College Examiners. They offer advantages to Students contemplating the 
 Scholastic Profession, who may desire to obtain the Certificate of the College. 
 
 NAMES OF SCHOOLS. 
 
 Salway House, Leyton, and Ladies' College, 
 Cambridge House, Leyton . . . . 
 Kingston School, Yeovil . . . . 
 College Street School, Bury St. Edmund's . 
 Byron House School, The Park, Ealing 
 Arkenstall School, Haddenham, near Ely 
 St. Helen's College, Southsea 
 The Palace School, Enfield . . . . 
 Sherwood House School, Nottingham . 
 
 Priory School, Islington . . . . 
 
 Bourne Hall, Bushey, Herts . . . . 
 
 Walworth House, Pierremont Crescent, Dar- 
 lington ....... 
 
 Dane Hill House, Margate . . . . 
 
 Chandos House, Hereford 
 
 ■D-i /---.n^^ 
 
 . ci^^^i r — T «J.*, 
 
 NAMES OF PRINCIPALS. 
 
 Aldom, Dr., F.C.P. 
 
 Aldridge, John. 
 
 Aldridge, R. F. 
 
 AUee, C. 
 
 Baker, E. K. 
 
 Bankes, Rev. F., D.D. 
 
 Barker, W. N., B.A. 
 
 Beilby, J. D. 
 f Bidlake, J. P., B.A., F.C.P., 
 ( and -W. A. Payne. 
 
 Biggs, H. L. 
 
 Blacklock, J. H., A.C J. 
 Boulden, Rev. Joseph, L.C.P. 
 Bowell, W., F.R.G.S. 
 Bralie, Miss, L.C.P. 
 
468 APPENDIX. 
 
 • 
 
 NAMES OF SCHOOLS. NAMES OF PRINCIPALS. 
 
 Falkland House, FincUey .... Bruce, J. S. 
 
 Sewardstone Road East, Victoria Park . . Bninwin, F. B. 
 
 Paxtoii House School, ■Woolwich . . . Bryceson, Geo. 
 North London Collegiate School for Ladies, 
 
 Camden Street, K.W Buss, Miss. 
 
 Brighton Proprietary School .... Capon, Philip. 
 
 CoUegiate School, Newport, Mon. . . Chandler, F. R. 
 
 Camden House School, Camden Town . . Cheshire, F. R., A.C.P. 
 
 Grove House, FoUiestone .... Clark, John. 
 
 Grammar School, Ongar .... Clark, Dr. W. C, Ph.D. 
 Diocesan Classical and Commercial School, 
 
 Dunmow Cockayne, H. E. 
 
 Middleton Lodge, Bognor .... Conder,Rev.A.,M;A.,A.C.P. 
 
 Halbralte School, New Wandsworth . . Conder, J., A.C.P. 
 
 Orsett College, Orsett Cripps, S. G. 
 
 Kilbum Collegiate School, GrevUle Road, 
 
 KUbum Cuttance, J. F. J. 
 
 Mount Cottage, Pinner Davis, Mrs. 
 
 Darwen Lodge, Buckhurst Hill, "Woodford . Delf, Miss. 
 
 Springfield Road, 49, St. John's Wood . Derrick, Miss C. 
 
 Brighton and Hove CoUegiate Ladies' School Devin, Mrs. 
 
 Bath House, Margate Disney, F. W. 
 
 Milton House Collegiate School, Casland 
 
 Road, South Hackney .... Drew, G. C. 
 
 Oakley House School, Leicester . . . Ewing, J. 
 
 Grove House, Highgate .... Fenner, Z. 
 
 De Mowbray Villa Academy, Sand Hutton . Fisher, C. 
 
 Alexandra College, Stanley Road, Carshalton Flood, J., F.R.G.S. 
 
 Buckingham Palace Road, 128 . . . Forster, E., A.C.P. 
 
 Seymour House, Fulham Road . . . Foy, H. F., L.C.P. 
 
 Stratford House School, Stratford, E. Freeman, J., L.C.P. 
 Stella House, Dartmouth Park, Upper Hol- 
 
 loway Furnace, Miss. 
 
 Dorrington House, Brixton Hill . . . Geere, Mrs. J. 
 
 Old Kent Road, 161 Gibson, S. 
 
 Dalgleish Place School, Limehouse . . Gillespie, C. G. K., A.C.P. 
 
 Eccleshall College, Sheffield . . . Grant, D., A.C.P. 
 
 Reedham College, North Brixton . . . Gray, Miss E. 
 
 Marine House, Parade, Dover . . . Grigsby, W. S. 
 Percy House Collegiate School, Manor Road, 
 
 Levrisham High Road . . . .* Grosvenor, Robert. 
 
 St. John's Grammar School, Langford Place. Grosvenor, Thomas, L.C.P. 
 
 Old Elvet School, Durham . . . . Hall, J. 
 
 Victoria Road, 10, Homsey Rise . . . Hardy, G., A.C.P. 
 
 Park House, Rectory Road, Stoke Newington Harris, Miss H. J. 
 
 ' Stamford House, South Lambeth . . . Hay, J. H., A.C.P. 
 
 East Cliff House, Grammar School, Margate . Head, G. F., LL.D. 
 
 College House, Queen's Road, Dalston . Hird, Mrs. 
 
 Richmond House, Richmond Road, Hackney Hobson, A. 
 
 Cowper's House, Huntingdon . . . Honey, Robert, L.C.P. 
 Western Grammar School, Alexander Square, 
 
 Brompton Huelin, E. J., L.C.P. 
 
 Cave House, Uxbridge Hunt, J. 
 
 Arundel Square, 32, Islington . , . Huxtable, Mrs. 
 
 DumfriesHouse, II I, East India Road, Poplar Inglis, Miss S. 
 
 Stationers' School, Bolt Court, Fleet Street . Isbister, A. K., M.A., LL.B. 
 
 Elm House, Edmonton . . . . Ireland, J. W. 
 
 Holly Bush Hill, 3, Hampstead . . . Jacombs, T. M., A.K.C. 
 
 Ladies' CoUege, Sydenham, S.E. . . Jebb, Miss. 
 
 Grove Park School, Wrexham . . . Jones, J. P., L.C.P. 
 
 The CoUege, Sydenham, S.E. . . . | J™«^' |^«^- ^- T-. M.A., 
 
 Woodside CoUege, Howard Road, Soutji f Jones, Rev. W. T., jun., 
 Norwood ( M.A., L.C.P. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 469 
 
 NAMES OF SCHOOLS. 
 
 Pembroke College, Chepstow Villas, Bays- 
 water 
 
 Myrtle Cottage, Denmau Road, Peckham, 
 S.E. ........ 
 
 Grammar School, Wrexham .... 
 
 Wilton College, New North Road 
 
 Cave's Terrace, 28, New Road, Shepherd's 
 Bush, W. . . . . . . 
 
 Oxford House, Chelsea . . . ' . 
 
 Grosvenor School, Margate . . . . 
 
 Proprietary School, Salisbury 
 
 Scrievelsby Rectory, Homcastle . 
 
 Grove House, Woodford . . . . 
 
 Clapham New Park School . . . . 
 
 Holly House Academy, Witton-le-Wear, 
 
 near Darlington 
 
 Bath House, Twickenham .... 
 Grammar School, Yeovil .... 
 Sussex Street, 31, Warwick Square 
 King Henry's Road, 39, N.W. 
 Stone House, Forest Hill .... 
 Bromley Academy, Kent .... 
 Holgate Seminary, York . . . . 
 Arketon, House, 9, Wray Park Crescent, Tol- 
 
 Ungton Park 
 
 Roxburgh House Collegiate School, Bams- 
 
 buiy, and Alexandra Park College, Hornsey 
 Thanet Collegiate School, Margate 
 Lyme House School, Eythome, Kent . 
 Grammar School, Iver ..... 
 New College, Arandel Square, Islington 
 
 Twickenham School, Twickenham 
 
 Heme Bay Collegiate School, Heme Bay 
 Proprietary School, 6, South Crescent, Bed- 
 ford Square ...... 
 
 Newton House Collegiate School, CamberweU 
 St. Thomas Charterhouse School . 
 The Academy, East Street, Hereford 
 Scotsford House, Brighton . 
 Clarendon House, Kennington Road 
 St. Martin's Lane Commercial School 
 Cambridge House School, Margate 
 College Boarding School, Famham 
 Bang's Lodge College, Exeter 
 Abercrombie School, Hampstead . 
 FuUands School, Taunton . 
 Woltington House, Lower Norwood 
 Arlington House, Chadwell Street, E.C 
 Grammar School, Chigwell . 
 Brondesbury Terrace, 3, Kilbura, N.W, 
 Walpole Villas, New Wimbledon . 
 EccleshaU CoUege, Sheffield. 
 Beaumont House, Lincoln 
 Church House School, Ealing 
 Congregational School, Lewisham 
 Boswell House Collegiate School, Croydon . 
 North-East London Collegiate School, Engle- 
 field Road 
 
 Lauderdale Serpentine, Birkenhead Park 
 
 EUei-slie House, Lewisham .... 
 Marlborough House, Fulham Road 
 
 NAMES OF PRINCIPALS. 
 
 King, J. 
 
 King, W. 
 
 Kirk, Rev. T., M.A. 
 
 Klein, Dr. J., M.A. 
 
 Krause, L., Ph.D. 
 / Lake, C. H., B.A., A.C.P., 
 \ F.R.A.S. 
 
 Leetham, W. 
 
 Lloyd, R. 
 
 Lodge, Rev. S., M.A. 
 
 Lomas, J. R. W. 
 
 Long, George. 
 
 Manson, R. T. 
 Merrett, R. 
 Monk, H. 
 Montgomery, Miss. 
 Moon, J. F. 
 Morgan, Rev. J. H. 
 Morley, T., L.C.P. 
 Mosley, Robert. 
 
 Murray, D., B.A. 
 
 Mewcombe, C. P. 
 
 Nutter, C. L., B.A., L.C.P. 
 
 Outhwaite, W. 
 
 Ohver, W. E. 
 
 Oppler, A., L.C.P. 
 (■ Palmer, Dr., L.C.P., LL.D., 
 [ F.E.LS. 
 
 Palmer, J. D. 
 
 Palmer, Miss E. 
 Palmer, R., M.A. 
 Panckridge, Rev. W., B.A. 
 Pembridge, J. 
 Pettit, W. 
 
 Pinches, C. H., Ph.D., F.C.P. 
 Pinches, W. P., L.C.P. 
 Player, S., B.A. 
 Poppleton, H., L.C.P. 
 Quicke, W. F., L.C.P. 
 Redfem, John. 
 Reen, WUliam, F.C.P. 
 Reed, W. J. 
 Reynolds, J., L.C.P. 
 Robinson, Rev. H. M., M.A. 
 Robson, Mrs. 
 Rollings, Miss. 
 Roome, S. D. 
 Roome, Mrs. A. E. 
 Rowlatt, "W. H., M.A. 
 Rudd, Rev. T., B.A. 
 Rnl6, B. 
 
 Sarll, J. 
 f ShUlinglaw, Mrs. A. P., 
 \ A.C.P. 
 
 Sim, Miss. 
 
 Smith, J. N., L.C.P. 
 
47° 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 NAMES OF SGHOOLS. NAMES OF PRINCIPALS. 
 
 Grammar School, Downham Road . . Smith, A. M. 
 
 Bidlington House, Steyning, Sussex . . _ . Smithers, Miss. 
 Classical, Commercial, and Mathematical 
 
 School, Swindon, Wilts .... Snell, S. 
 
 West Cliff School, Ramsgate . . . Southee, A. P., A.C.P. 
 
 Dovecote Park School, Wood Green . . Stephenson, T. E. 
 
 Bishopton Close School, Ripon . . . Stephenson, W. F. 
 
 Rutland House, Peckham .... Stevens, T. 
 
 HeathfieldHouse,VanbrughPark,Blackheath Stevrart, A. 
 
 West HiU House, Hastings . . . . Stewart, J., A.C.P. 
 
 Palmer House, Holloway .... Stewart, P. 
 
 Collegiate School, Greenwich . . . Stoppard, A., L.C.P. 
 
 Harford House, Stoke Newington . . . Stow, S. N. 
 
 Vale House School, Wantage, Berks . . Stroud, D. 
 
 Durham House,. Clapliam Common . . Stroud, R. 
 
 Argyll College, Netting Hill Square . . Sutton, C. 
 
 Dartmouth Grove School, Blackheath . . Swift, James. 
 
 Forest House, Woodford .... Sykes, G. F. H., B.A. 
 
 Newby Place, Poplaa: . . . . . Telfer, A. 
 
 Maiden Collegiate School, Haverstock Hill . Temple, W. H. 
 
 Norton House School, Luton, Beds . . Thurnham, J. 
 
 Belle Vue School, East Greenwich . . Turner, Thomas. 
 
 Casde House School, Taunton . . . Veysey, H. 
 
 Amyot House, Fulham Road, West Brompton Vygens, J. 
 
 Deptford Grammar and Collegiate School . Watkins, J., L.C.P. 
 Finborough Road, 29, Fulham Road, West 
 
 Brompton . Watson, Miss E. P. 
 
 College House, Croydon .... Webb, Henry. 
 Commercial and Collegiate School, 289, 
 
 King's Road, Chelsea . . . . Weightman, F. J., L.C.P. 
 Loudoun House, I, Loudoun Road, St. John's 
 
 Wood . . . . . . . Wells, P. 
 
 Grammar School, Hill Rise, Richmond , White, C. 
 
 Chiswick Collegiate. School, Tumham Green. White, Dr., F.C.P. 
 
 High Cross College, Tottenham . . . White, G. W. 
 
 Morden Hall; Morden White, T. N., L.C.P. 
 
 Cliffe House, Lewes ' Wliile, T. R., B.A. 
 
 Collegiate and Commercial School, Great 
 
 Dover Street . . . . . , Whitford, T. 
 North East London School for Ladies, 
 
 113, Englefield Road, N Whyte, Miss. 
 
 The College, Brixton Hill . . . . Wilson, Dr. E. T., F.C.P. 
 
 Southgate Road School .... Wilson, Thomas, F.R.G.S. 
 
 Elms Hall School, Upper Mitcham,. Surrey . Wilson, Rev. W. J. 
 
 Ladies' College, The Mount, Darlington . Woodward, Miss E. 
 The North West' London Higher School, 
 
 Camden Street, N.W Wyand, B. J. 
 
 INSTITUTIONS IN UNION WITH THE SOCIETY OF ARTS. 
 
 The following is a List of Institutions throughout the Kingdom and in the Colonies 
 in union with the SocnjCY of Akts, John Street, Adelphi, London. The Society 
 has lately resolved to discontinue the periodical Examinations first instituted by them ; 
 but Day and Evening Classes will be held at most of the following Institntiotts to 
 prepare Candidates for the University Local Examinations, and those of the Govern- 
 ment Science and Art Department. The Institutions marked * have agreed to a 
 general interchange of privileges with the parent Society. As the result of this 
 agreement, a Member of one Institution, when visiting a town in which any affiliated ■ 
 Institution exists, will be entitled to all the advantages of Membership. Any Member 
 wishing to avail himself of this privilege needs only to present his Card oTF Memtjer- 
 ship, it being understood that he wiU conform to the Bye-laws of the particular 
 Institution he may visit. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 471 
 
 ^Aberdeen, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 Abersychan (near Pontypool), Literary 
 and Scientific Institution. 
 
 Accrington, Mechanics' Institute. . 
 
 Alderley Edge (by Manchester), Educa- 
 tional Institute. 
 
 *Allenheads (near Haydon Bridge), 
 Library and JSTews-room. 
 
 Alnwick, Scientific and Mechanical Insti- 
 tution. 
 
 *Alton (Hants), Mechanics' Institute. 
 
 Andover, Library and Reading-room. 
 
 *Ashford, South Eastern Railway 
 Mechanics' Institute. 
 
 Ashton and Dunkenfield, Mechanics' In- 
 stitute. 
 
 *Bacup, Mechanics' Institution. 
 Banbridge (County Down, Ireland), Lite- 
 rary and Mutual Improvement Society. 
 *Banbury, Mechanics' Institute. 
 
 ,, , Science School. 
 *Bamsley, Mechanics' Institute and 
 
 Literary Society. 
 Belfast, Academy. 
 
 ,, People's Literary Institute. 
 „ Union Place Science School. 
 Birmingham and Midland Institute. 
 
 „ Messrs. Chance's Glass 
 
 Works Library and Read- 
 ing-room. 
 ,, Society of Artisans. 
 
 *Blandford, Institution. 
 •Bodmin, Literary Institution. 
 BoHington (near Macclesfield), Useful 
 
 Knowledge Society. 
 Bolton, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 ,, Science and Art School, Church 
 Institute. 
 Bradford (Yorkshire), Mechanics' In- 
 stitute. 
 *Braintree and Bocking, Literary and 
 
 Mechanics' Institute. 
 •Bristol, Athenaeum. 
 
 ,, Trade and Mining School. 
 „ Young' Men's Christian Asso- 
 ciation and Literary Institu- 
 tion, 4, St. James's Square. 
 Bromley (Kent), Literary Institute. 
 *Bromsgrove, Literary and Mechanics' 
 
 Institution. 
 Burgh Heath (Banstead, near Epsom), 
 Mr. Hudson's Library and Reading- 
 room. 
 •Burnley, East Lancashire Union. 
 „ Mechanics' Institution. 
 Burrage Road (Plumstead Common, 
 
 S.E.), Evening Classes. 
 •Bury (Lancashire) Athenaeum. 
 •Bury St. Edmund's, Athenaeum and 
 Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and 
 Natural History. 
 
 Cambo (near Newcastle-on-Tyne), Sub- 
 scription Library. 
 
 •Cambridge, Philo-Union and Literary 
 Society. 
 
 •Carlisle, Mechanics' Institute. 
 
 •Carmarthen, Literary and Scientific In- 
 stitution. 
 
 Chatham and Rochester, Strood and 
 Brompton, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 Chatham, St. Mary's Schools. 
 
 •Chelmsford, Literary and Mechanics' 
 Institution. 
 
 Chippenham, Literary and Scientific In- 
 stitution. 
 
 Christchurch (Hants), Working Men's 
 Institute. 
 
 Cork, Catholic Young Men's Society. 
 
 Coventry Institute. 
 
 Crewe, Mechanics' Institute. 
 
 Crewkeme, Literary and Scientific Insti- 
 tution. 
 
 •Croydon, Literary and Scientific Insti- 
 tution. 
 
 Darlington, Church of England Institute. 
 
 Dean Mills (near Bolton), Mechanics' 
 Institution. 
 
 Denton and Haughton, Mechanics' In- 
 stitute. 
 
 •Derby, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 ,, Railway Literary Institution. 
 „ Working Men's Association. 
 ,, St. Peter's Evening Schools. 
 
 •Devonport, Mechanics' Institute. 
 
 Droitnich, Literary and Mechanics' In- 
 stitute. 
 
 Doylsden, Educational Institution. 
 
 Dublin Statistical Society. 
 
 Dudley, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 •Dunmow (Essex), Literary and Scientific 
 Institution. 
 
 •Ebbw Vale (near Newport, Monmouth- 
 shire), Literary and Scientific Institu- 
 tion. 
 Edinburgh, Philosophical Institution. 
 
 ,, Watt Institute and School of 
 
 Arts. 
 •Epsom and Ewell, Literary and Scien- 
 tific Institution. 
 
 Famham, Young Men's Association. 
 
 •Faversham, Institute for the Encou- 
 ragement of Literature, Science, and 
 Art. 
 
 Freetown (Glossop), Working Men's In- 
 stitute. 
 
 Frome, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 Gilford (Co. Down, Ireland), Young 
 
 Men's Mutual Improvement Society. 
 •Glasgow, Athenaeum. 
 
 ,, Andersonian University Popu- 
 lar Evening Classes. 
 ,, Evening Science Classes, Carl, 
 ton Place, Secular School. 
 
472 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Glasgow, Institution, 280, George 
 Street. 
 „ Mechanics' Institution. 
 „ Tonic Sol-fa Society. 
 Gomersal (near Leeds), Mechanics' In- 
 stitution. 
 *GuiIdford, Institute. 
 * ,, Working Men's Institute. 
 
 *Halifax, Mechanics' Institution and 
 Mutual Improvement Society. 
 „ "Working Men's College. 
 
 Hartlepool (West), Literary and Me- 
 chanics' Institution. 
 
 ♦Hastings, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 Hereford, Permanent Library. 
 
 Hertford, Literary and Scientific Institu- 
 tion. 
 
 Hexham, Mechanics' Literary and Scien- 
 tific Institution. 
 
 Hitchin, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 Hoddesden and Broxboume Mutual Im- 
 provement Society. 
 
 *Horncastle, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 Huddersfield, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 HuU, Young People's Christian and 
 Literary Institute. 
 
 Hulme, Working Men's Institute. 
 
 Hyde (near Manchester), Mechanics' In- 
 stitution. 
 
 Ipswich, Working Men's College. 
 
 *Kendal, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 ,, Christian Literary Institution. 
 Keswick, Mechanics' Institution. 
 King's Lynn, Athenaeum. 
 
 Lancaster, Mechanics' Institute and 
 
 School of Art. 
 Laurencetown (County Down, Ireland), 
 Young Men's Mutual Improvement 
 Society. 
 Leeds, Church Institute. 
 
 ,, Mechanics' Institution and Lite- 
 rary Society. 
 ,, Philosophical and Literary So- 
 ciety. 
 „ Yorkshire Union of Institutes. 
 „ Young Men's Christian Asso- 
 ciation. 
 Lichfield, Working Men's Association. 
 *LiverpooI, Institute and School of Art. 
 Llanelly, Mechanics' Institute. 
 Lockwood (near Huddersfield), Me- 
 chanics' Institution. 
 London, Albert Working Men's Club, 
 23A, High Road, Knights- 
 bridge, S.W. 
 ,, Bank of England Library and 
 
 Literary Association, E.G. 
 „ Beauvoir College Evening 
 Classes (care of Robert Grif- 
 fiths, .Sol-fa School, Plais- 
 tow, E.). 
 
 London, *Birkbeck Literary and Scien- 
 tific Institution, Southampton 
 Buildings, W.C. 
 
 British Horological Institute, 
 35, Northampton Square, 
 ClerkenweU, E.C. 
 
 Bromley (Middlesex), Evening 
 Classes (care of E. Hay 
 Currie, Bromley, E.). 
 
 City of London College, Sussex 
 Hall, Leadenhall Street, E.C. 
 
 Greville House Working Men's 
 Library and Reading-room, 
 Paddington Green, W. 
 
 Hackney, Working Men's In- 
 stitute, E. 
 
 Hammersmith (Spring Vale), 
 Institute and Evening Classes, 
 W. 
 
 *Highgate, Literary and Scien- 
 tific Institution. 
 
 Lambeth, Evening Classes, Her- 
 cules Buildings, S.E. 
 
 Royal Polytechnic Institution, 
 Regent Street, W. 
 
 St. Stephen's, Evening School, 
 Westminster, S.W. 
 
 St. Thomas Charterhouse Even- 
 ing School, E.C. 
 
 Sherwood Mutual Improvement 
 Society, York Place, Batter- 
 sea, S.W. 
 
 South London Working Men's 
 College (care of W. Rossiter, 
 91, Blackfriars Road, S.E.). 
 
 Tailors' Labour Agency Lite- 
 rary Institute, Newington 
 Causeway, S.E. 
 
 Walworth, Literary and Scien- ■ 
 tific Institution, 302, Wal- 
 worth Road, S.E. 
 
 Westminster, Working Men's 
 Club and Reading-room, Pye 
 Street, S.W. 
 
 Young Men's Catholic Associa- 
 tion, 31, Queen's Square, 
 Bloomsbury, W.C. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Asso- 
 ciation, 165, Aldersgate Street, 
 E.C. 
 •Louth, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 ♦Macclesfield, Society for the Acquire- 
 ment of Useful Knowledge. 
 Manchester, Union of Lancashire and 
 Cheshire Institutes, 3, St. 
 James's Chambers, South 
 King Street, Manchester. 
 „ Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 •Marlborough, Reading and Mutual Im- 
 provement Society. 
 Middlesborough, Mechanics' Institute. 
 Milford (Derby), Evening Schools. 
 ♦Mossley (by Manchester), Mechanics' 
 Institution. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 473 
 
 ♦Nailsworth, Literary and Mechanics' 
 Institution. 
 
 Neath, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 ♦Newbury, Literary Institution. 
 
 Newcastle-on-Tyne, Church of England 
 Institute. 
 „ Mechanics' Institu- 
 
 tion. 
 
 •Newhouse (near St. John's, "Weardale), 
 Library and News-room. 
 
 •Newport (Monmouthshire), Athenseum 
 and Mechanics' Institute, Crreat Dock 
 Street. 
 
 'Newport (Salop), Mechanics' Institute 
 and Literary Society. 
 
 Northallerton, Institute. 
 
 •Northampton, Religious and Useful 
 Knowledge Society. 
 
 North Devon, Associated Parochial Lend- 
 ing Libraries (care of Dr. Austen, 
 Secretary, Castle Hill School, South 
 Molton, Devon). 
 
 •Oldham, Glodwick, and Analytical In- 
 stitute. 
 ,, Lyceum. 
 
 •Oswestry, Literary Institute. 
 
 Paisley, Artisans' Institution. 
 •Pembroke Dock, Mechanics' Institute. 
 •Plymouth, Mechanics' Institute. 
 Poole, Mechanics' Institute. 
 Portsea Island, Young Men's Christian 
 
 Association. 
 Prees (Salop), Mutual Improvement 
 
 Society. 
 Preston, Institution for the Diffusion of 
 
 Knowledge. 
 
 Rawtenstall, Mechanics' Institution. 
 Redditch, Literary and Scientific Insti- 
 tute. 
 Richmond (Surrey), Parochial Library 
 
 and Reading-room. 
 Riddings (near AJfreton), Mutual Im- 
 provement Association. 
 Rochdale, Lyceum. 
 Rotherhara and Masbro', Literary and 
 
 Mechanics' Institution. 
 •Royston, Institute. 
 Rugby, Institution. 
 
 „ Evening Classes for Young Wo- 
 men. 
 Rusholme, Public Hall and Library. 
 Ryde (Isle of Wight), Literary and Scien- 
 tific Institution. 
 „ Philosophical and Scien- 
 
 tific Society. 
 
 St. Helen's (Lancashiie), Mechanics' In- 
 stitute. 
 
 •St. Leonard's, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 St. Martin's (Stamford), Evening School 
 of Art 
 
 Salford, Working Men's College. 
 
 •Salisbury, Literary and Scientific Insti- 
 tution. 
 
 Scarborough, Mechanics' Institute, Ver- 
 non Place. 
 
 •Sheffield, Literary and Philosophical 
 Society. 
 „ People's College. 
 
 *Sidmouth, Institution. 
 
 Slough, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 South Staffordshire Association (care of 
 F. Talbot, Messrs. Chance's Library, 
 Smethwick). 
 
 •Southampton, Athenaeum. 
 
 * ,, Harley Institution. 
 
 Southport, Athenaeum. 
 
 •Staleybridge, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 Stockport, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 „ Sunday School Improvement 
 
 Society. 
 
 Swindon (New), Wilts, Mechanics' In- 
 stitution. 
 
 •Tiverton, Literary and Scientific Insti- 
 tution. 
 
 Tottingtou (near Bury), Mutual Improve- 
 ment Society. 
 
 Trowbridge, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 •Wakefield, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 •Warrington, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 •Wednesbury, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 •Wellingborough, Mechanics' Institu- 
 tion. 
 
 Wemeth (Oldham), Mechanics' Institu- 
 tion. 
 
 Weston-super-Mare, Albert Night School 
 and Industrial Institution. 
 
 •Wigan, Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 Wolverhampton, Young Men's Christian 
 Institute. 
 
 Woolwich, Royal Artillery Institution. 
 „ St. Thomas's Evening Draw- 
 
 ing Classes. 
 
 Worcestershire Union of Educational 
 Institutes (care of F. Marcus, Wor- 
 cester). 
 
 •Wrington (near Bristol), Literary So- 
 ciety. 
 
 •York, Institute of Popular Science and 
 Literature. 
 
 Bristol, Chamber of Commerce. 
 Macclesfield, North Cheshire Chamber 
 of Agriculture. 
 
'474 APPENDIX. 
 
 List of Colonial Institutions in Union. 
 
 Grenada, Agricultural and Horticultural 
 
 Society. 
 Sydney, Mechanics' School of Arts. 
 
 Adelaide, South Australian Institute. 
 British Guiana, Royal Agricultural and 
 Commercial Society. 
 
 Tasmania, Royal Society of Arts. 
 
 LOCAL EXAMINERS TO THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF MUSIC. 
 
 The following persons act as LOCAL Examiners to the Royal Academy of Music, 
 and afford advice to persons intending to become Students at the Academy : — 
 Aberdeen, Mr. R. Latter. 
 Brighton, Mr. C. Goodban, Mus. Bac. 
 Dublin, Mr. F. Hoffman, Pianist. 
 Edinburgh, Mr. W. Adlington, Professor of the Pianoforte. 
 
 ,, Mr. A. Mackenzie. 
 
 Exeter, Mr. W. Baly, Organist, a Teaeher of Music. 
 Glasgow, Mr. James Thomson. 
 Gloucester, Mr. A. Wlieeler. 
 Hereford, Mr. E. Townshend Smith. 
 
 Ipswich, Mr. R. Lindley Nunn, Mus. Doc, Professor of the Pianoforte. 
 Jersey (and the Channel Islands), Mrs! Hardie. 
 Kidderminster, Dr. W. Marshall. 
 Liverpool, Mr. B. R. Isaac, Pianist. 
 ,, Mr. C. J. Toms, Pianist. 
 
 Manchester, Mr. C. A. Seymour, Violinist. 
 JSTewcastle-on-Tyne, Mr. W. H. C. Dawson. 
 Northampton, Mr. C. McKorkell, Professor of the Pianoforte. 
 Penzance, Mr. J. H. Nunn, Professor of the Pianoforte. 
 Plymouth, Mr. T. E. Weekes, Professor of the Pianoforte. 
 Salisbury, Mr. C. J. Read. 
 
 Shrewsbury, Mr. Walter Hay, Professor of the Pianoforte. 
 Torquay, Mr. C. Fowler, Composer, and Professor of the Pianoforte. 
 Wolverhampton, Mr. G. Wheeldon, Professor of the Pianoforte. 
 
 REGULATIONS FOR THE EXAMINATION OF SCHOOLMASTERS 
 (SCOTLAND). 
 
 Under the Parochial and Burgh Schoolmasters Act, l86i, persons intending to act 
 as Schoolmasters within the Parishes and Burghs of Scotland must undergo Exa- 
 mination before a Board of Examiners at one of the Universities of Scotland. Sepa- 
 rate School Districts are assigned to the different Universities, and particulars of the 
 dates of the Examinations may be obtained by communicating with the Secretaries of 
 the Examining Boards at the respective Universities. 
 
 Every Schoolmaster elect must give at least one week's notice to the Secretary of 
 the Examiners of his intention to appear for Examination, and must at the same time 
 transmit to him a duly certified Copy of the Minute of his Election. • 
 
 Every Schoolmaster elect undergoes an Examination on aU the ordinary Branches 
 of Education usually taught in the Parochial Schools, but especially on such Branches 
 as may be declared in said Minute of Election as peculiarly important in the chcum- 
 stances of the particular Parish. 
 
 The said ordinary Branches of Education are held to comprise (i) English Reading, 
 SpeUing, Grammar, and Composition ; (2) Writing ; (3) Arithmetic ; (4) Geography, 
 both physical and political, especially that of the British Empire and of Palestine ; 
 (5) the History of Great Britain ; (6) Mathematics ; including Algebra and Geo- 
 metry ; (7) Classics, including the Latin Language and the Elements of Greek ; and 
 (8) Religious Knowledge, including Scripturid History and the Shorter Catechism. 
 
 Every Schoolmaster is required to prove that he possesses a thorough knowledge of 
 the subjects embraced under the Heads i, 2, 3, 4, and 8', and a competent knowledge 
 of the subjects embraced under the Heads S, 6, and 7. And should the known cir- 
 cumstances of the particular Parish, or the Minute of Election, show that a more 
 extensive knowledge of any of the subjects embraced under these latter Heads is also 
 required, the Schoolmaster has to prove that he possesses such knowledge, and is, 
 therefore, qualified for the duties of the Office in such Parish. 
 
 The Examination is conducted both orally and by written exercises. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 47S 
 
 Every Schoolmaster elect, after passing said Examination to the satisfaction of the 
 Examiners, receives a Certificate to that effect, in terms of the Act. And in the 
 event of any Schoolmaster elect not passing said Examination to the satisfaction of 
 the Examiners, a Minute to that effect, duly signed by the Examiners, or by a majority 
 of them, is sent to the Minister of the Parish, to be laid by him before a meeting of 
 the Heritors. 
 
 METROPOLITAN AND DIOCESAN TRAINING INSTITUTIONS 
 CONNECTED WITH THE NATIONAL SOCIETY. 
 
 FOR MASTERS. 
 
 Name and Locality. 
 
 St. Mark's, Chelsea 
 
 Battersea ......... 
 
 York and Ripon, York 
 
 Durham, Durham 
 
 Winchester and Salisbuiy, Winchester .... 
 Chester, Chester ........ 
 
 Chichester, Chichester 
 
 Exeter, Exeter ........ 
 
 Oxford, and Gloucester and Bristol, Culham, Aiingdon 
 
 Peterborough, Peterborough 
 
 Worcester, Lichfield, and Hereford, Saltley, Birming- 
 ham ......... 
 
 North Wales, Carnarvon 
 
 South Wales, Carmarthen 
 
 FOR MISTRESSES. 
 
 Whitelands, Chelsea 
 
 York and Ripon, Ripon 
 
 Durham, Durham 
 
 Chester, Warrington ....... 
 
 Chichester, Brighton 
 
 Exeter, Truro . . 
 
 Gloficester and Bristol, and Oxford, Fishponds, Bristol 
 
 Lichfield, Derby ........ 
 
 Lincoln, Lincoln ........ 
 
 Noi-wich, Norwich 
 
 Rochester, Hocierill, Bishop's Stortford 
 Salisbury, Salisbury . ... 
 
 Name of Principal or 
 Secretary. 
 Rev. Canon Cromwell. 
 Rev. E. Daniel. 
 Rev. G. Rowe. 
 Rev. S. B. Smith. 
 Rev. C. ColUer. 
 Rev. J. M. CritcMey. 
 
 Rev. J. C. Dangar 
 Rev. J. Ridgway. 
 Rev. C. Daymoud. 
 
 Rev. W. Gover. 
 Rev. J. S. Boucher. 
 Rev. R. H. Monis. 
 
 Rev. Harry Baber. 
 Rev. E. H. Badcock. 
 Rev. W. H. Walter. 
 Rev. H. C. Stubbs. 
 Rev. H. H. Wyatt. 
 Rev. J. W. Murray. 
 Rev. R. E. Richards. 
 Rev. J. Latham, Sec. 
 Rev. Prebendary Nelson. 
 Rev. W. C. Davie. 
 Rev. Arthur H. Blunt. 
 Rev. Prebendary Monice. 
 
 PRIZE FOR HEBREW SCHOLARSHIP. 
 
 Dr. John Muir, of Edinburgh, has placed at the disposal of the Senate of the 
 University of St. Andrews the sum of ^f lOO, to be awarded as a Prize for emi- 
 nence in Hebrew Scholarship and in the Critical Knowledge of the Old Testament 
 Scriptures. 
 
 The Prize will be awarded to the Competitor who shall show the greatest proficiency 
 in the foregoing branches of Study, at an Examination to be held within St. Mary's 
 College, in the commencement of Session 1873-74— the day of Examination to be 
 afterwards announced. 
 
 Candidates will be examined on the following subjects : — 
 
 1. The Structure and History of the Hebrew Language, -with Translation from 
 
 English into Hebrew, in illustration of Hebrew Idioms. 
 
 2. The original Text of the Books of Exodus, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Isaiah, and 
 
 Daniel. 
 
 3. The two Greek Versions of Daniel — viz., the Septuagint Version, and that of 
 
 Theodotian, as printed in TischendorPs Edition — with a view to the com- 
 parison of them with the Hebrew and Chaldee Text. 
 
 4. Questions on the Origin and Authorship of the. Pentateuch (with more espe- 
 
 cial reference to the two Books prescribed), Joshua, Isaiah, and Daniel. 
 
 5. The Grammatical Peculiarities of the Aramaean Dialects. 
 
 AU Masters of Arts of the Scottish Universities, of not more than six years' stand- 
 
476 APPENDIX. 
 
 ing on the first day of November, 1873, may compete for the Piize, excepting only 
 the successful competitor for Dr. Muir's Glasgow Prize for Hebrew in the preceding 
 year. It is not a condition of the competition that the Candidates should have studied 
 at any Divinity School or Hall. The Professor of Hebrew, Free Church College, 
 Aberdeen, has consented to take part in adjudicating the Prize, in accordance with 
 a condition annexed by Dr. Muir. 
 
 Intending Candidates to give in their names to the Principal of St. Mary's College, 
 St. Andrews, not later than ist October, 1873. 
 
 COMPANY OF TURNERS' ANNUAL PRIZE. 
 
 The Master, "Wardens, and Court of Assistants of the "Worshipful Company of 
 Turners give, each year, their Silver Medal and the Freedom of the Company and of 
 the City of London to any one Workman or Apprentice in the Trade who may send 
 in the best specimens of Hand Turning for the year. 
 
 The material to be used will be varied in different years, so as to include Wood, 
 Ivory, Metals, Stone, Spar, &c. The particular competition for each year will be 
 previously announced. 
 
 The following is an example of the conditions of the Competition for Turning in 
 Wood. The qualities which will be considered in awarding the Prize will be the fol- 
 lowing, viz. : — 
 
 1. Working to exact dimensions, illustrated by a Cylinder 6 inches long and 2 
 inches in diameter, or any other object which shall measure exact inches without 
 fractions. 
 
 2. Exactness of surface and fit, such as is shown by a nest of cylindrical boxes with 
 screwed lids, which shall drop out of one another and fit without shake ; but these 
 qualities may be otherwise illustrated at pleasure. 
 
 3. Exact copying, so that the two objects produced (such as two cups, vases, boxes, 
 or chessmen) may be facsimiles in every part. 
 
 4. Neatness of design, symmetry of shape, and good form of mouldings. 
 
 5. Fitness of the work and design for the purpose proposed. 
 
 6. Ability to turn in different Woods, of varied grain and degree of hardness. 
 The Candidate may make his own selection from the above list ; but the one who 
 
 best fulfils the largest number, including the most important qualities, will be pre- 
 ferred. 
 
 The Work must be all Hand Turning, produced in the ordinary lathe, wiuiout 
 special apparatus. 
 
 The different objects must be delivered free at the Mansion House, London, at 
 times previously appointed. 
 
 Specimens must not exceed l8 inches in height and a foot in diameter. 
 
 They must be each marked with a private mark or motto, and numbered, and 
 accompanied by a list, showing for each number the grounds on which the prize is 
 sought. 
 
 They must be accompanied by a sealed envelope marked with the same mark or 
 motto, and containing the name and address of the Competitor, and his age, if an 
 apprentice, and in all cases a certificate of good conduct, and a certificate or declara- 
 tion that he is in the trade and that the work is by his hands only. 
 
 These will not be opened until the Judges have made their Report. 
 
 The specimens sent will remain the property of the Competitor ; care will be taken 
 of them, but the Court will not hold themselves responsible for their safety. The 
 Candidates must remove the specimens at their own cost within a week of the decision 
 being communicated to them. 
 
 Secretary, C.I. Shirreff, Esq., 59, Mark Lane, London, E. C. 
 
 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LECTURES AND FEES. 
 
 The Courses of Lectures at University College embrace a large number of sub- 
 jects, many of which are not usually found in Collegiate Programmes. Occasional 
 Students may avail themselves of the separate Courses : — Latin — Senior Class, in 
 Higher and Lower Divisions ; Junior Class. For the Session, £■] 7s. ; each Term, 
 £2 I2S. 6d. ; Composition Lecture alone, for the Session, £'i 3s. Greek — Senior 
 Class, Junior Class, and Extra Class. The Session, ;^8 8s. ; each Term, ^3 3s. 
 Extra Class, whole Course, ^^3 3s. ; for the first part, £1 is. ; for the second part, 
 £2 I2s. 6d. ; for the third Term only, £2 2s. Sanscrit — Senior Course, Middle 
 
APPENDIX. i^-n 
 
 Course, and Junior Course. Senior or Middle Course, for the Session, jf 5 5s. ; each 
 Term, £2 2S. Junior Course, the Session, £'& 8s. ; each Term, £-1, 3s. Senior and 
 Middle Course together, for the Session, £<) gs. ; each Term, £i, 4s. Senior or 
 Middle, together with the Junior Course, the Session, ;f 12 12s. ; each Term, ^^5 5s. 
 Hebrew — ^^Senior and Junior Classes. Each Class, for the Session, £z 12s. 6d. ; 
 one Term, £1 is. Course on Hebrew Literature, ;^3 3s. Arabic Language and 
 Literature — Senior Class and Junior Class. Each, £t 6s. Persian — Senior and 
 Junior Classes. Each, £(> 6s. Highest Class and Senior and Junior Classes. 
 Highest Class, ;^5 5s. ; the Senior and the Highest Classes together, £<) gs. ; the 
 Senior or the Highest Class, with the Junior, £\\ iis. ; the Junior Class, ;^8 8s. 
 Marathi and Gujrathi — Each Language, whole Course, £1% 15s. ; Half Course, 
 ;^8 8s. ; shorter periods, at the rate of 6s. and gs. each Lecture. These fees are for 
 Students who receive individual instruction. When Classes are formed, or two Students 
 receive instruction together, the Fees are reduced. Hindi, Hindustani, and Bengali 
 — Senior and Junior Classes, First and Second Courses. Each Class, in each Course, 
 £(> 6s. Reduction in proportion to the number of Students. English Language and 
 Literature — Senior and Junior Classes. For the Session, one Lecture a week, 
 £2 I2S. 6d. ; two Lectures a week, £^ 4s. ; each additional Lecture a week, £1 is. 
 For a Term, one Lecture a week, £1 is. ; each additional Lecture a week, lOs. 6d. 
 For the Wednesday Evening Language Class, when taken alone, the Fee for the 
 Session is £2 2S. Perpetual to all the English Classes, £10 IDs. French Language 
 and Literature — Senior and Junior Classes. Each Class, for the Session, ^ 6s. ; 
 for any Term, £2 12s. 6d. Italian Language and Literature — ^Junior Class, for the 
 Session, ;^2 12s. 6d. ; each Term, ;^i is. Senior Class, First and Second Courses, 
 either Course, for the Session, £2 12s. 6d. ; each Term, £1 is. Both Courses, for 
 the Session, £i, 4s. ; each Term, ;^i i is. 6d. German Language and Literature — 
 Junior and Senior Classes. Each Class, for the Session, £(i 6s. ; any Term sepa- 
 rately, £2 I2S. 6d. Special Class, for those who may be preparing for the Matricula- 
 tion Examination, per Term, £2 12s. 6d. Comparative Grammar — About Twenty 
 Lectures, given only in alternate years (there will be no Lectures in the Session 
 1871-2), £1 IS. Ancient and Modern History — About Twenty-five Lectures, 
 £2 2s. Political Economy, in two Courses of twelve Lectures each, £1 is. each 
 Course. Architecture and Construction, thirty Lectures in the year, ;^l I lis. the full 
 Course. Laws of India, embracing subjects in which Candidates for the Indian Civil 
 Service have to be examined, £t, 3s. per Term. 
 
 Secretary, John Robson, B.A. 
 
 MEDICAL AND SURGICAL TRAVELLING PRIZES. 
 
 In i86g it was resolved by the Provost and Senior Fellows of the Dublin Uni- 
 versity, that two Prizes of ;f50 each be adjudged annually, —one to the best 
 answerer in Practical Medicine, and the other to the best answerer in Practical 
 Surgery. The Examinations for these Prizes will be held in Trinity Term, on 
 days specified in the University Almanac iox the current year. Candidates for these 
 Prizes are to give a week's notice beforehand to the Medical Registrar, who will 
 supply all needful information respecting the conditions on which the Prizes wiU be 
 awarded, and the manner in which the Examinations will be conducted. 
 
 MERCHANTS' PRIZES ON COMMERCE. 
 
 King's College, London. — A Prize of £\a given by Messrs. James Duncan 
 and Co., and another of ;^I0 given by Messrs. Matheson and Co., will be awarded at 
 the close of the Winter Session 1871-72, to the Students in the following groups 
 who shall respectively obtain the highest number of marks, viz. : — First Group : — 
 Commerce and Commercial Law ; Geography ; Mathematics. Second Group : — 
 Commerce and Commercial Law; Political Economy. Any one of the Modem 
 Languages taught in the Evening Classes. 
 
 The Student in either group must also write an Essay " On the proper application 
 of the principle of ' Laissez-faire ' in matters of Commercial and Banking Legislation," 
 the number of marks to be granted for the same being e<jual to the number granted 
 for each of the subjects. The Essay is not to exceed thirty pages in common letter 
 size, and to be given in to Professor Levi on or before February 2gth, 1872. 
 
 In connection with the above Prizes, and with a view to others of similar nature that 
 may hereafter be offered, the Council of King's College have arranged for the 
 delivery of Courses of Evening Lectures upon the following subjects : — 
 
478 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Commerce.— Six Lectures on the Commerce and Industiy of London, Liverpool,' 
 Manchester, Leeds and Bradford, Birmingham and Glasgow. Six Lectures on the 
 Money Marliet : — The Rate of Interest and Discount ; the Foreign Exchanges — 
 Dealings in Bullion ; the Funds, and other British Securities ; French and Foreign 
 Securities — Foreign Loans; the Clearing House; Banking. Six Lectures on the 
 Principle of Commerce : — Production and Exchange ; Protection and Free Trade ; 
 the Balance of Trade ; Function of Money- in relation to Prices and Values ; Bank 
 Acts of 1844 and 1845 ; Employment of Capital. Four ^Lectures on the Eastern 
 Trade : — Trade with India ; with China ; with Japan ; with Siam. 
 
 Commercial Law. — Three Lectures on the History and Component Parts of 
 Mercantile, Law : — History of Commercial Law — ^Ancient and Modem Codes and 
 Laws ; Spirit and Elements of Commercial Law — Analysis of the different Branches 
 of the Law ; Relation of Commercial and International Law — Maxims of Private 
 International Law and of the Law of Nations. Twenty Lectures on Commercial 
 Law ; — Merchants — Minors — Commercial Accounts ; Partnerships, Limited and " 
 Unlimited; Joint-Stock Companies; Agency — Brokers — Factors; Sale, and general 
 Contracts; Bills of Exchange ; Ships — their Registration and Sale; Charter-Parties 
 and BiUs of Lading ; Insurance — Marine, Fire, and Life ; Bankruptcy ; Evidence- 
 Customs ; Consuls and Notaries. Four Lectures on the Courts which administer 
 Commercial Law. 
 
 Fee for the Entire Course, ;^i lis. 6d., payable in advance at the College Office. 
 For further particulars apply to Professor Leone Levi, 10, Farrar's Buildings, 
 Temple ; or to J. W. Cunningham, Esq., King's College, London. 
 
 SCHOOLS 
 
 AND CLASSES IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
 MENT SCIENCE AND ART DEPARTMENT. 
 
 GOVERN- 
 
 With the aid of the following List, persons of both Sexes residing in the localities 
 named may be able to avail' themselves of the advantages offered by tie Government 
 Science and Art Department. The Fees to the Schools and Classes are variable, 
 but they are generally moderate, amounting to only a few shillings quarterly ; and in 
 some cases where the Schools are promoted by Friends of Education, Instmction is 
 iihparted Free. The Class Fees are sometimes as little as one penny per lesson ; in 
 other cases, is., 2s. 6d., or 5s. per quarter, according to the subject taught, and the 
 cost of the materials required in the course of Tuition. 
 
 SCIENCE SCHOOLS, ENGLAND. 
 
 town. 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 Abingdon . . 
 
 . British School 
 
 Bacup . . . 
 
 Accrington . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 ,, 
 
 >3 
 
 25, Bridge Street 
 
 Backworth 
 
 ,, 
 
 Christ Church Na- 
 
 Balham . . 
 
 
 tional School 
 
 
 Alderley Edge 
 
 . Reading Room and 
 
 Banbury . . 
 
 
 Library 
 
 )» 
 
 Almondhury . 
 
 . Gramniar School 
 
 Bangor . . . 
 
 Alnwick . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Banstead . . 
 
 Andover . . 
 
 . Grammar School 
 
 Barnard Castle 
 
 Armley . . . 
 
 . Church School 
 
 Bamsley . . 
 
 Ashby-de-la- 
 
 
 Barnstaple . . 
 
 Zouch • . . 
 
 . Mutual Improvement 
 
 
 
 Society 
 
 Bath . . . 
 
 Ashton-under- 
 
 
 
 Lyne . . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 
 ' jj 
 
 St. Michael's Young 
 
 Batley . . . 
 
 
 Men's . Christian 
 
 ,, 
 
 
 Association 
 
 Beccles . . . 
 
 ,, 
 
 Hurst Mechanics' In- 
 
 Bedlington 
 
 
 stitution 
 
 Bedford . . 
 
 »» 
 
 Dukinfield Village Li- 
 
 Berkeley . . 
 
 
 brary 
 
 
 »! 
 
 Dukinfield Old Chapel 
 
 Bingley • . 
 
 
 Sunday School ' 
 
 Birkenhead . 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 . Mechanics' Institution ■ 
 
 Wesleyan Day School 
 . Old Chapel 
 • Working Men's Insti- 
 tution 
 . British School 
 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 . Normal College 
 . Schoohoom 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 . Literary and Scientific 
 
 Institution 
 . Weston Boys' School 
 
 St. Mark's National 
 
 School, Lyncombe 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Independent School ^ 
 . Leman Schoolroom 
 . Colliery School 
 . Commercial School 
 . Church of England 
 
 School 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 . School of Art 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 479, 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 Birkenhead 
 Birmingham 
 
 Birstall . . . . 
 Bishop Aucljland 
 Bishop's Stortford 
 Blackburn . . . 
 
 Blackley 
 Blyth . 
 Bodmin 
 Bolton . 
 
 Boston . 
 Bradford 
 
 Bramley 
 Breage . 
 
 Bredbury 
 
 Bridport 
 
 Brigstock 
 
 Brington 
 Bristol . 
 
 WHKIIE HELD. 
 Science and Art Sch. 
 Midland Institute 
 School of Art 
 Clarendon Chambers 
 Bloomsbuiy Institu- 
 tion 
 Graham Street Insti- 
 tution 
 Church of the Saviour 
 
 School 
 St. George's School 
 St. Paul's School 
 St. Mary's School 
 St. Mark's School 
 St. Clement's School 
 Deritend Working 
 
 Men's Association 
 New Jerusalem School 
 Middle Class School 
 Bishop Ryder's School 
 Blue Coat School 
 Wesleyan School 
 Friends' Bible Asso- 
 ciation 
 Trade School 
 St. Matthias School 
 Steelhouse Lane 
 
 School 
 Mutual Improvement 
 
 Society. 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 "Wesleyan School 
 Literary Institution 
 Wesleyan School 
 Church Institution 
 Town Hall 
 Assembly Rooms 
 National School 
 Literary Institution 
 Science and Art School 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 Dean Mills British 
 
 School 
 Unitarian School 
 National Schools 
 School of Art 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 Builders' Technical 
 
 School 
 Hallfield School 
 Wesleyan School 
 Grove House 
 Literary Institution 
 Germoe National 
 
 School 
 St. Mark's National 
 
 School 
 Literary and Scientific 
 
 Institution 
 Farming Woods' 
 
 School 
 National School 
 Trade and Mining 
 School 
 
 Bristol . . 
 
 Brixham . 
 Bromsgrove 
 
 Burnley 
 
 Burslem 
 Bury . . 
 
 Caistor . . 
 
 Calverley . 
 Camborne . 
 Canning Town 
 Cardiff . . 
 Carharrack 
 Carmarthen 
 Charlesworth 
 Charlton, New 
 
 Chatham . . 
 
 Cheltenham 
 
 Chester . . . 
 
 Chesterfield . 
 
 Chorley . . 
 
 Church . . . 
 Cirencester 
 Clay Cross 
 Coalbrookdale 
 
 Colne . . . 
 
 Compstall . . 
 Cottesmore 
 
 Coventry . . 
 
 Crawshawbooth 
 
 Crewe . . . 
 
 Croydon . . 
 
 Culham . . 
 
 Dartmouth 
 
 Darwen . . 
 
 Daventry . . 
 
 Deptford . . 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 . Young Men's Chris- 
 tian Association 
 Wesleyan School 
 . British School 
 . Literary and Mecha- 
 nics' Institution 
 . Literary Institution 
 Carlton Road School 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 Grammar School 
 St. Peter's School 
 (Schoolmaster's 
 Class) 
 . Wedgwoodlnstitution 
 . Athenseum 
 
 . Lower Grammar 
 
 School 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 . Literary Institution 
 . Holy Trinity School 
 . Free Libraiy 
 . Literary Institution 
 . Training College 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 . Mathematical Instra- 
 
 ment Works' School 
 . St. Mary's School 
 St. Mark's, New 
 
 Brompton 
 . Training College 
 Young Men's Chris- 
 tian Association 
 British School 
 Whitworth School 
 . School of Science and 
 
 Art 
 . National School 
 . St. George's National 
 
 School 
 . National School 
 . School of Art 
 . Public Hall 
 . Literary and Scientific 
 
 Institution 
 . Grammar School 
 . Athenaeum 
 . National School 
 . St. Peter's National. 
 
 School 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 . Literary Institution 
 St. Andrew's National 
 
 School 
 . Training College 
 
 . National School 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 . Grammar School 
 . St. Paul's School 
 St. John's School 
 St. John's Mission 
 HaU • 
 
480 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 
 TOWN. WHERE HELD. 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 WHERE HELD. , 
 
 Derby . 
 
 . . . Grammar School 
 
 Grantham . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Devonport 
 
 . . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Great Harwood 
 
 . National School 
 
 J, 
 
 14, St. Aubyn Street 
 
 Great Horton . 
 
 . Wesleyan School 
 
 Dewsbury 
 
 . . . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Greenwich . . 
 
 . St. Mary's National 
 
 ;) 
 
 Wesleyan Literary So- 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 ciety 
 
 J, 
 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Doncaster 
 
 . . . Guildhall 
 
 Guildford . . 
 
 . County Hall 
 
 ^, 
 
 Great Northern RaU- 
 
 
 
 
 way School 
 
 Halifax. . . 
 
 . Working Men's Col- 
 
 Droitwich 
 
 . . . National School 
 
 
 lege 
 
 Droylsden 
 
 . . . Educational Institu- 
 
 ,) 
 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 
 
 tion 
 
 ,, 
 
 School of Art 
 
 Dudley . 
 
 . . . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Hammersmith 
 
 . Training College 
 
 
 ■ Blue Coat School 
 
 Hampton . . 
 
 . Commercial School 
 
 ,j 
 
 Netherton National 
 
 Handsworth . 
 
 . St. Michael's Asso- 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 ciation 
 
 Dunstable 
 
 . . . Ashton School 
 
 Harborne . . 
 
 . Young Men's Chris- 
 tian Association 
 
 Eagley . 
 
 . . Institute 
 
 ,, 
 
 Smethwick National 
 
 Earlstown 
 
 . . Infant School 
 
 
 School 
 
 t) 
 
 London and North- 
 
 Haslingden . 
 
 . Institute 
 
 
 Western Railway 
 
 Hayfield . . 
 
 . Birch Vale Institution 
 
 
 Library and Read- 
 
 Helston . . 
 
 . Grammar School 
 
 
 ing Room 
 
 Hereford . . 
 
 . Blue School 
 
 Eastington 
 
 . . National School 
 
 Hetton . . . 
 
 . Colliery School 
 
 Eastwood 
 
 . . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Heywood . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Eccleshill 
 
 . . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Highgate . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Elland . 
 
 . . National School 
 
 Hingham . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Elsecar . 
 
 . . National School 
 
 Holbeck . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Erith . 
 
 . . National School 
 
 ,, 
 
 Wesleyan School 
 
 Evesham 
 
 . . Bengeworth, Deacle's 
 
 Holmfirth . . 
 
 . Working Men's Club 
 
 
 School 
 
 Homsey . . 
 
 . British School 
 
 Exeter . 
 
 . . Albert Memorial In- 
 
 Horwich . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 stitution 
 
 Huddersfield . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Failsworlh 
 
 . . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 J» 
 
 St. Paul's School 
 
 Famworth 
 
 . . Grammar School 
 
 )J 
 
 Milnsbridge Mecha- 
 
 
 Wesleyan School 
 St. James's School, 
 
 Newbury 
 Halshaw Moor School 
 
 HuU . . . 
 
 nics' Institution 
 . Nautical School 
 People's Institution 
 
 
 .. 
 
 Day Street British 
 School 
 . Walden's School 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Favershara 
 
 Finedon 
 
 Frampton-c 
 
 . . Institute 
 . . Temperance Hall 
 n-Se- 
 
 Huntingdon . 
 Hyde . . . 
 
 vem . . 
 Friezland . 
 
 . . National School 
 
 . . Christ Church Insti- 
 
 Ipswich . . 
 
 . Working Men's Col- 
 lege 
 
 
 tution 
 
 
 Frome . 
 
 . . School of Art 
 
 Blue Coat School , 
 
 Jarrow-on-Tyne 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Garforth . 
 
 . . Working Men's Club 
 
 Keighley . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Gateshead 
 
 . . National School 
 
 Kendal. . . 
 
 . PostOfficeYardRoom 
 
 ty 
 
 Boys' School - room, 
 
 Kersley . . 
 
 . British School 
 
 
 Felling Chemical 
 
 Kettering . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 Works 
 
 »> 
 
 British School 
 
 Gee Cross . 
 
 . . Hyde Chapel School 
 
 Kjlburn . . 
 
 . St. Mary's School 
 
 Gilderstome 
 
 . . Literary Institution 
 
 Kinver . . . 
 
 . Wire MiU 
 
 Glossop 
 
 . . Littlemore Mechanics' 
 Institution 
 
 Kirkstall . . 
 
 . St. Stephen's School 
 
 Gloucester . 
 
 . . 10, Eastgate Street 
 
 Lamerton . . 
 
 . Church of England 
 
 )) 
 
 School of Art 
 
 
 School 
 
 Gomersal . 
 
 . . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Lamport . . 
 
 . Endowed School 
 
 Gorton . . 
 
 . . Manchester, Sheffield, 
 
 Lancaster . . 
 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 
 
 and Lincolnshire 
 
 »j 
 
 National School 
 
 
 Railway Institution 
 
 
 School of Art 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 481 
 
 TOWN. 
 Launceston 
 Leeds ■ . 
 
 Lees 
 JLeicester 
 
 Leigh . , 
 
 Leighton Buz- 
 zard . . 
 
 Lewes . . 
 Limehouse 
 
 Lincoln . . 
 
 )) 
 Lindley. . 
 
 j» 
 Lislceard , 
 Littleborougli 
 Liverpool . 
 
 Llanboidy . 
 Llanelly . 
 
 London : — 
 Battersea 
 
 Bayswater . 
 
 Bermondsey 
 Bethnal Green 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 . Grammar School 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 and Literary So- 
 ciety 
 
 St. Peter's School 
 
 Young Men's Chris- 
 tian Association 
 
 Working Men's Insti- 
 tution 
 
 Hunslet Mechanics' 
 Institution 
 
 St. Mark's National 
 School . 
 
 St. Simon's School 
 
 Art and Science In- 
 stitution 
 
 Lancasterian School 
 (for Schoolmasters) 
 
 Art and Science Insti- 
 tution (for School- 
 mistresses) 
 
 School of Art 
 . Parish Church School 
 , St. Martin's School 
 
 St. Margaret's School 
 
 Belgrave National 
 School 
 
 Great Meeting School 
 . Christ Church School, 
 Pennington 
 
 . Working Men's So- 
 ciety 
 . School of Art 
 . St. John's National 
 
 School 
 . School of Art 
 Training School 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 National School 
 . Literary Institution 
 . Church Schoolroom 
 . Free Library and Mu- 
 seum 
 Institute 
 
 Training College 
 . Nation^ School 
 . Copper Works School 
 Loughor National 
 School 
 
 , St. John's College 
 Christ Church School 
 Wesleyan Chapel 
 St. John's National 
 School 
 , St. Matthew's Paro- 
 chial School 
 Christ Church School 
 Birkbeck School 
 National School 
 British School 
 St. James the Less 
 National School 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 London : — 
 Blackfriars 
 Road. 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 South London Work- 
 ing Men's College 
 
 Borough Road Training College 
 
 Boys' Model School 
 Old Ford Road School 
 Working Men's Club 
 St. Matthew's Institu- 
 tion 
 
 Chancery Lane Birkbeck Literary and 
 Scientific Institution 
 St. Thomas's School 
 St. Mark's College 
 Technical School 
 Finsbury College 
 Christ Church School 
 St. James's School 
 Technical School 
 St. Peter's School 
 St. Peter's CoUegiate 
 School 
 
 Bow, North 
 Brixton Hill 
 Camberwell 
 
 Charterhouse 
 Chelsea . . 
 
 M 
 
 City Road . , 
 Clapham . , 
 
 Clerkeuwell 
 
 J) 
 Eaton Square , 
 
 Edgeware 
 Road , . 
 
 GoswellRoad 
 
 Gray's Inn 
 Road . . 
 
 Hackney, 
 
 South , , 
 
 Hampstead 
 Road . , 
 
 Haverstock 
 HiU . . 
 
 Islington, 
 Lower 
 
 . Christ Chapel Boys' 
 
 School 
 . St. Barnabas' National 
 
 School 
 
 . St. Bartholomew's 
 School 
 
 . National School 
 St. Thomas's Square 
 
 School 
 Parochial School 
 St, Peter's Boys' 
 
 School 
 
 . St. James's National 
 School 
 
 . Orphan Working 
 School 
 
 Public School 
 ,, St. Thomas's School 
 
 ,, Wesleyan School, 
 
 Mintem Street 
 „ Youths' Institution 
 
 Kensington . SchoolBmlding.Allen 
 
 Street 
 Kentish Town Gospel Oak School 
 Kingsland . . North London School 
 
 of Art 
 Knightsbridge Albert Working Men's 
 
 Club 
 Lambeth . , Boys' School, Her- 
 cules Buildings 
 „ School of Art 
 
 „ Lambeth Baths 
 
 5t. Peter's School 
 Wesleyan School 
 
 Leadenhall 
 Street. 
 
 , City of London College 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 London : — 
 Long Acre . 
 Mjarylebone 
 
 Nine Elms . . 
 Netting Hill . 
 Old Kent Road 
 Paddington 
 
 Pecldiam 
 Pimlieo . 
 
 Poplar ,. 
 
 Regent Street , 
 
 Somers Town . 
 
 Spitaliields . 
 Southwark ^ . 
 
 St. John's 
 
 Wood . . 
 Tottenham 
 
 Court Road_. 
 Vauxhall . . 
 
 Walham Green 
 Wandsworth . 
 
 Waterloo Road 
 Westminster . 
 
 Luddenden Foot 
 Lutterworth , ^ 
 
 Macclesfield 
 Manchester 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 Wilson Street 
 Central Boys' School 
 New Quebec Club and 
 
 Institution 
 Lecture Room 
 Tabernacle School 
 St. Mary's School 
 Greville House 
 All Saints' National 
 
 School 
 St. Mary's College 
 St. Gabriel's and St. 
 
 Saviour's School 
 All Saints' National 
 
 School 
 William Street Young 
 
 Men's Christian 
 
 Association 
 Royal Polytechnic In- 
 stitution 
 National School 
 British School 
 School of Art 
 Swan Street Boys' 
 
 National School 
 
 Catholic School 
 
 St. John's School 
 
 Baptist School 
 
 London and South- 
 western Railway 
 Institution 
 
 St. John's School 
 
 Royal Patriotic Fund 
 Boys' School 
 
 St. John's School 
 
 Wesleyan Training 
 College 
 
 St. James the Less 
 National School 
 
 Working Men's Club 
 
 Day Schoolroo'm 
 , Cottage School, Co- 
 -ventry Road 
 
 .. Modem Free School 
 . Rusholme Public Hall 
 
 and Library 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 St. Luke's, Cheetham 
 Free Grammar School 
 Roby Society School 
 Building Trade's In- _' 
 
 stitution 
 St. George's National 
 
 School 
 Hulme Worldng Men's 
 
 Institute 
 Mechanics' Institution ( 
 
 and Owen's College 
 Presbyterian School, ' 
 
 Ancoats 
 
 TOWN. 
 Market Har- 
 borough . . . 
 
 Marple . . . 
 Melksham . . . 
 Meltham . . . 
 Melton Mowbray 
 Merthyr-Tydvil . 
 Middlesborough . 
 Middleton . , . 
 
 Millwall . . 
 Mirfield . . 
 
 Morley . . ,. 
 
 Mossley . , 
 
 Moulton . . 
 
 Mowcop . . 
 
 Murton . . . 
 
 Nailsworth 
 Nelson - in - Mars- 
 den .... 
 
 Newark-on-Trent 
 
 Newcastle - on - 
 
 Tyne .... 
 
 Newcastle-under ■ 
 Lyne . . . . 
 Newton Heath . 
 Northallerton . . 
 Northampton . . 
 
 North Ormesby 
 North Shields 
 
 Nottingham . 
 Norwich . . 
 
 Oadby . 
 Oldbury 
 
 Oldham 
 
 Openshaw . . 
 
 Oswaldtwistle 
 
 I Oundle". . . 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 British School 
 
 National School 
 
 Albert School 
 
 British School 
 
 Church School 
 
 Church Schoolroom 
 
 Tydvil School 
 
 St. John's School 
 
 National School 
 
 Holy Trinity, Park- 
 field 
 
 Presbyterian School 
 
 Literary and Scientific 
 Society 
 
 British School 
 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 
 National School 
 
 National School 
 
 Colliery School 
 
 National Schoolroom 
 
 Loraeshaye Mills 
 
 Schools 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Elswick Works Me- 
 chanics' Institution 
 
 Mechanics' Institution, 
 New Bridge Street 
 
 Stephenson Institution 
 
 School of Art 
 
 School of Art 
 . AH Saints' School 
 . Institution 
 . Museum 
 
 St. Sepulchre's Na- 
 tional School 
 . Church Institute 
 . Free Library 
 
 St. Peter's School 
 ■ Mechanics' Institution 
 . Presbyterian School 
 
 Thorpe Hamlet Boys' 
 School 
 
 . National School 
 . National School 
 Messrs. Chance's In- 
 stitution 
 . Science and Art School 
 Glodwick Mutual Im- 
 provement Society 
 Analytic Literary In- 
 stitution 
 Werneth Mechanics' 
 
 Institution 
 . Ashbury Works 
 Wesleyan Day School 
 , Wesleyan School 
 
 Busk School. 
 . British School 
 

 APPENDIX. 
 
 4SJ 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 Oxford . . 
 
 . .Town HaU, St. AI- 
 
 Seaton Delaval 
 
 . Colliery School 
 
 
 date's Street 
 
 Shaw . . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 It 
 
 Wesleyan School 
 
 Sheerness . . 
 
 . British School 
 
 
 
 Sheflield . . 
 
 . Church and Educa- 
 
 Padiham . 
 
 . . National School 
 
 
 tional Institute 
 
 »» 
 
 Wesleyan School 
 
 J, 
 
 St. Paul's School 
 
 Patricroft . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 ,, 
 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Pavenham . 
 
 . . Church of England 
 
 >) 
 
 Wesleyan Educational 
 
 
 Schoolroom 
 
 
 Institute 
 
 Pembroke Dock . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 jj 
 
 Church Institute 
 
 Pendeen . 
 
 . National School 
 
 )j 
 
 School of Art 
 
 Pendleton . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Shelton. . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Penzance . 
 
 . . School of Science and 
 
 Shrewsbury . 
 
 . School of Art 
 
 
 Art 
 
 Skelmanthorpe 
 
 . National School 
 
 )) 
 
 Sancreed National 
 
 Slough . . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 
 Scliool 
 
 Southampton . 
 
 . Hartley Institute 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 . . St. Peter's College 
 
 Southminster . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Pitsford . 
 
 . . National School 
 
 Southport , . 
 
 , Athenaeum 
 
 Plumstead 
 
 . Burrage Road School 
 
 South Shields 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 ti 
 
 St. James's School 
 
 
 Tyne Docks Mecha- 
 
 Plymouth . 
 
 . Courtenay Street 
 
 
 nics' Institution 
 
 
 Science School 
 
 ,f 
 
 St.Hilda'sC.Y.M.A. 
 
 >) 
 
 . Charles National 
 
 ,, 
 
 Jarrow Chemical 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 Works 
 
 }) 
 
 Navigation School 
 
 Stainland . . 
 
 . Independent School 
 
 Portland . 
 
 . . The Grove School 
 
 j» 
 
 Holywell Green Me- 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 and 
 
 
 chanics' Institution 
 
 Gosport . 
 
 . . Natioiial School 
 
 Stalybridge . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Preston . . 
 
 . . Institution, Avenham 
 
 Staveley . . 
 
 . Works' School 
 Village School 
 
 Queensbury 
 
 . . National School 
 
 . Stepney . . 
 
 . Red Coat School 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 St. Paul's School 
 
 Rawtenstall 
 
 . . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 )) 
 
 Colet Boys' School 
 
 >> 
 
 Irwell Institution 
 
 Stockport . , 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Reading . 
 
 . School of Art 
 
 ,, 
 
 Sunday School Im- 
 
 Redditch . 
 
 . . Literary and Scientific 
 
 
 provement Society 
 
 
 Institution 
 
 Stoke-on-Trent 
 
 . School of Art 
 
 Redruth . 
 
 . The Institution 
 
 Stourbridge . 
 
 . Grammar School 
 
 Retford, East 
 
 . Wesleyan Day School 
 
 Stratford (Essex 
 
 ) Working Men's Hall 
 
 Richmond . 
 
 , Petersham School 
 
 »4 
 
 Boys' British School 
 
 Riddings . 
 
 . Mutual improvement 
 
 Stratford-on- 
 
 
 
 Association 
 
 Avon . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Ripon . . , 
 
 . Training College 
 
 Stroud . . . 
 
 . The Institute 
 
 Rochdkle . 
 
 . British School 
 
 ,, 
 
 School of Alt 
 
 Rothwell . 
 
 . British School 
 
 Sunderland . 
 
 . School of Art 
 
 Rowley Regis 
 
 . National School 
 
 j» 
 
 Monk Wearmouth 
 
 Roy ton, . 
 
 . St. Paul's National 
 
 
 Colliery School 
 
 
 School 
 
 ti 
 
 Working Men's Col- 
 lege 
 . Wesleyan School 
 
 Salford . . 
 
 . Broughton Road Wes- 
 
 SunninghiU . 
 
 
 leyan School 
 
 Sutton - . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 Working Men's Col- 
 
 Sutton Coldfield 
 
 . Town Hall 
 
 
 lege 
 
 Swansea . . 
 
 . Royal Institute of 
 
 St. AusteU 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 South Wales 
 
 St. Burian . 
 
 . National School 
 
 ,^ 
 
 Oxford StreetNational 
 
 St. Helen's . 
 
 . Commercial School 
 
 
 School 
 
 St. Ives . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Swinton . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 St. Just . . 
 
 . The Institution 
 
 
 
 Salisbury . 
 
 . School of Science and 
 
 Ta^■istock . . 
 
 . British School 
 
 
 Art 
 
 7} 
 
 Duke of Bedford's 
 
 Saltaire . 
 
 . Literary Institution 
 
 
 School,. Gulworthy 
 
 Saltley . . 
 
 . Training College 
 
 it 
 
 National School 
 
 Scarborough 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 j> 
 
 St. Mary Tavy Na- 
 
 Seaham . 
 
 . CoUiei-y School 
 
 
 tional School 
 
484 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 TOWN. 
 Tavistock . 
 Tebworth . 
 Thome . . 
 
 Thornton . 
 Thrapston . 
 
 »» 
 Toddington 
 
 )» 
 Todmorden 
 Topsham and 
 Woodbuiy 
 
 Torquay . 
 
 Towcester . 
 Truro . . 
 
 Turton . . 
 Tyldesley . 
 
 Ulverstone 
 
 "Wakefield . 
 
 Walker . 
 
 Wallingford 
 Walsall. . 
 Watford . 
 Wednesbury 
 
 Weedon . . 
 Wellingborough 
 
 West Bromwich 
 Westbury - on 
 
 Trym . . 
 West Gorton . 
 
 ■WHERE HELD. 
 
 . School of Art 
 
 . Wesleyan School 
 
 . Brooke's Grammar 
 
 School 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 . National School 
 
 British School 
 . National School 
 
 Wesleyan School 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 . Mutual Improvement 
 
 Society 
 . School of Science and 
 
 Art 
 . National School 
 . British School 
 
 Royal Institution 
 . Chapel-Town Institute 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 . Proprietary School 
 
 . Holy Trinity Young 
 Men-'s Society 
 Smyth Street Aca- 
 demy 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 Holy Trinity Boys' 
 School 
 . Alkali Works' British 
 
 School 
 . School of Art 
 . Wesleyan School 
 . Literary Institution 
 . Moxley National 
 School 
 St. John's School 
 Girls' School 
 Lower Grammar 
 
 School 
 St. Peter's School 
 
 , Girls' National School 
 . St. Mark's National 
 School 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 Spring Bank School 
 Science Association 
 Literary Institution 
 National School 
 Mechanics' Institute 
 Fulshaw Day School 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 British School- 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 Working Men's In- 
 stitute 
 Boys' School 
 St. John's Scliool 
 Commercial School, 
 
 ICnaphill 
 Great Western Rail- 
 way Institution 
 St. Peter's School 
 St. John's School 
 Science and Art Insti- 
 tution 
 National School 
 Royal Arsenal Science 
 
 Classes 
 National School 
 Pres. District School 
 St. Micliael's School 
 Young Men's Chris- 
 tian Association 
 St. Martin's School 
 Grove House 
 St.! John's School 
 Trade School 
 Trade School Evening 
 Class 
 
 Yarmouth (Great) Naval School and 
 Gtrammar School 
 , , School of Art 
 
 York .... The Institute 
 „ Blue Coat School 
 
 „ Training School 
 
 „ Hope Street. British 
 
 School 
 „ - School of Art 
 
 TOWN. 
 Whaleybridge 
 
 Whitehaven . . 
 
 Whitworth . \ 
 Wickham Market 
 
 Wigan . . . . 
 
 Wilmslow . . . 
 
 Wilsdeu . . . 
 
 Winchester . . 
 
 Windsor . . . 
 
 Wisbeach . . . 
 
 Wobum . . . 
 Woking . . . 
 Woking Station . 
 
 Wolverhampton . 
 
 Wolverton 
 
 Woodville . 
 Woolwich . 
 
 Worcester . 
 
 IRELAND. 
 
 Aghnaghar 
 AhoghUl . 
 Anahilt 
 Antrim . . 
 
 Ardara . . 
 Armagh . 
 
 Athlacca . 
 
 . National School 
 . National School 
 . Endowed Free School 
 . Male National School 
 Main Street National 
 
 School 
 LadyhUl National 
 
 School 
 . Fen»ale . National 
 
 School 
 . Gosford Place National 
 
 School 
 . College Street School 
 . National School 
 
 Athlone , . 
 
 . St. Mary's School 
 
 »» 
 
 Ranelagh School 
 
 j» 
 
 Anchorsbower Na 
 
 
 tional School 
 
 Athy . . . 
 
 . Town Hall 
 
 Aughnacloy . 
 
 . Court House 
 
 Bagenalstown 
 
 . National School 
 
 Bailieborough 
 
 . Model School 
 
 Bailee . . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Ballincollig ,. 
 
 . National School 
 
 Ballybay . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Ballybofey. . 
 
 . Town Hall 
 
 Ballymena. . 
 
 . Model School 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 485 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 Ballymena . . 
 
 . Guy's National School 
 
 Carlow . . . 
 
 . Christian School 
 
 »> 
 
 National School 
 
 Carrickfergus . 
 
 . Model School 
 
 II 
 
 Harryville National 
 
 Castleblaney . 
 
 . Annayallo National 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 School 
 
 »» 
 
 Crebilly National 
 
 Castlederg . . 
 
 . Edward's School 
 
 
 School 
 
 Castlewellan . 
 
 . Annsboro' National 
 
 Ballymoney . 
 
 . Town HaU 
 
 
 School 
 
 Ballynahinch . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Cloncore . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 }) 
 
 Town HaU 
 
 it 
 
 English National 
 
 Ballyvicknakelly 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 School 
 
 Ball)-walter . 
 
 . Park School 
 
 Clonmel . . 
 
 . Model School 
 
 Ballywilly . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 II 
 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Balyna . . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Coal Island . 
 
 . Infant School 
 
 Bandon. . . 
 
 . AUin Institution 
 
 Coleraine . . 
 
 . Model School 
 
 Bangor . . . 
 
 . Endowed School 
 
 Comber . . 
 
 . Smyth's National 
 
 Barnesmore . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 •School 
 
 Belfast . . . 
 
 . Fishen^'ick Place 
 
 ), 
 
 Lisbarnet National 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 School 
 
 f) 
 
 Frederick Street Na- 
 
 Connor . . . 
 
 .National School 
 
 
 tional School 
 
 Cooraclare . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 »» 
 
 "Wellington Academy 
 
 Cork . . . 
 
 . Central Model School 
 
 )T 
 
 "Victoria Place School 
 
 ,, 
 
 Carmichael National 
 
 
 NorthumberlandStlreet 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 National School 
 
 
 St. Nicholas' National 
 
 ,j 
 
 Union Place National 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 School 
 
 }* 
 
 School of Art 
 
 jj 
 
 Conway Street Na- 
 
 Cormeen . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 tional School 
 
 Cottown . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 Model School 
 
 Crossgar . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 j^ 
 
 Academy Street, No. i , 
 
 CuUybackey . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 National School 
 
 }} 
 
 Teesham National 
 
 II 
 
 Linfield Road Na- 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 tional School 
 
 
 
 
 Brown Street National 
 
 Derrygonnelly 
 
 . Lisded National 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 School 
 
 1 
 
 Nelson Street National 
 
 Derrylin . . 
 
 . Kinawley National 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 School 
 
 II 
 
 People's Literary In- 
 
 Donaghadee . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 stitution 
 
 ), 
 
 Shore Street National 
 
 
 May Street National 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 School 
 
 Donoughmore 
 
 . Lecture Room 
 
 
 Mercantile Academy 
 
 Downpatrick . 
 
 . John Street National 
 
 
 Bridge End National 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 School 
 
 Drogheda . . 
 
 . St. Mar>''s National 
 
 
 New Road Sti-eet Na- 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 tional School 
 
 Dromara . . 
 
 . Court House 
 
 
 Townsend Street Na- 
 
 Dromore . . 
 
 . Corbally National 
 
 " 
 
 tional School 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 Albion Street National 
 
 Drumavish 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 School 
 
 Drumlough . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 Canning Street Aca- 
 
 DubKn . . . 
 
 . Central Model School 
 
 
 demy 
 
 )) 
 
 55, Aungier Street 
 
 
 Tennent Street Na- 
 
 
 Methodist School 
 
 >» 
 
 tional School 
 
 ii 
 
 YoungMen's Christian 
 
 
 Clarence Place Hall 
 
 
 Association 
 
 Beragh . . . 
 Bessbrook . . 
 
 . Loan Fund Office 
 
 Dundalk . . 
 
 . Free Library 
 
 . School House 
 
 >» 
 
 Educational Institu- 
 
 Bonecastle. . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 tion 
 
 Bornafea . 
 
 . National School 
 
 }) 
 
 Quay Street School 
 
 Bruckless . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 »> 
 
 Jocelyn Street 
 
 Bushmills . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Dundrod . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 
 Dundrum . . 
 
 . Endowed School 
 
 Caledon . . 
 
 . School House 
 
 Dungannon . 
 
 . Parochial School 
 
 Callan . . . 
 
 . Academy 
 
 Dungiven . . 
 
 . National School 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 ■WHERE HELD. 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 Dunmanway . 
 
 . Chapel School House 
 Reenoscrena National 
 
 MuUinavatt . 
 
 . Class Room 
 
 
 School 
 
 Newry . . . 
 
 . Model School 
 Cloughoge National 
 
 Edemey . . 
 
 . Moneyvriece and Ag- 
 haghaflfart National 
 School 
 
 Newtownards . 
 
 School 
 . Model School 
 No. 2 National School 
 
 Ennislfillen . 
 
 . ModelNational School 
 
 
 BaUyblack School- 
 
 
 Rossdoney National 
 
 
 room 
 
 
 School 
 
 " 
 
 Loughriescous Na- 
 tional School 
 
 Galway . . . 
 
 . Model School 
 
 Newtownbreda 
 
 . National School 
 
 Gilford . . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Newtownlima- 
 
 
 Grange O'NeiUandParochial School 
 
 vady . . . 
 
 . Town Hall 
 
 Grey Abbey . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Newtown Stew- 
 art .... Mode] School' 
 
 Hillsborough . 
 
 . Boys' School 
 
 )» 
 
 Lower Langfield Na- 
 
 Hollywood . 
 
 . Sullivan's School and 
 
 
 tional School 
 
 Kilkee . . . 
 Kilkenny , . 
 
 Academy 
 . National School 
 . Model School 
 
 Oldcastle . . 
 Omagh . . . 
 
 . Endowed School 
 . Model School 
 
 „ 
 
 Model Farm 
 
 Parsonstown . 
 
 . Model School 
 
 Killinchy . . 
 
 Pocock Institution 
 . Schoolroom 
 
 
 YoungMen's Christian 
 Association 
 
 Killybegs . . 
 Killylea . . 
 
 . National School 
 . School House 
 
 Portadown 
 
 . Edenderry National 
 School 
 
 KUmihil . . 
 
 . Lei trim National 
 
 School 
 . School 
 . National School 
 
 j^ 
 
 Baptist Meeting House 
 
 Kilmore . . 
 Kircubbin . . 
 
 Portaferry . 
 
 Teinperance Hall 
 . No. 1 National School 
 No. 2 National School 
 
 ,, 
 
 Glastry National 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 School 
 
 Ramelton . . 
 
 . Robertson's National 
 School 
 
 Lame . . . 
 
 . Model Agricultural 
 
 Raphoe . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 Convoy Concert Hall 
 
 Lame and Inver 
 
 . National School 
 
 Rathfrvland 
 
 . Town Hall 
 
 Letterkenny . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Rich HiD . 
 
 . Ballynahinch National 
 
 Ligoniel . . 
 
 . WolfhiU MiU 
 
 
 School 
 
 Limerick . . 
 
 . Athenaeum 
 
 Roscrea . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Lisnagry . . 
 
 . AhaneNational School 
 
 Rosscarbery 
 
 . Mount Fachnamis Na- 
 
 Londonderry . 
 
 . Model School 
 
 
 tional School 
 
 5) 
 
 Gwynn's Institution 
 
 Rosslea . . 
 
 . Greaghawarren Na- 
 
 Lough Cutra . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 tional School 
 
 Lurgan . . . 
 
 . Model School 
 
 
 Deerpark 
 
 ti 
 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 
 " 
 
 »» 
 
 National School 
 
 Santry . . 
 
 . Training School 
 
 
 
 Scariff . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Macroom . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Sixmile Cross 
 
 . National School 
 
 Magherafelt . 
 
 . No. 2 National School 
 
 Skibbereeu 
 
 . National School 
 
 Manorhamilton 
 
 . Court House 
 
 Sligo . . 
 
 . St. John's National 
 
 Markethill . . 
 
 . Coolmahsh National 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 School 
 
 Stewartstown 
 
 . Schoolroom 
 
 Millisle . . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Strabane . 
 
 . TuUywhisker National 
 
 Millstreet . . 
 
 , National School 
 
 
 School 
 
 jj 
 
 Culhn National School 
 
 if 
 
 Parish School 
 
 Monaghan 
 
 . Model School 
 Corcaghan National 
 
 »» 
 
 Town Hall 
 
 
 School 
 
 Templepatrick 
 
 . Lylehill Nat. School 
 
 j» 
 
 Aghnalogh National 
 
 Trim . . 
 
 . Model School 
 
 
 School 
 
 Tulla . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Moy. . . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Tullamore . 
 
 . Charleville Schools 
 
 Moira . . . 
 
 . Brookfield Agricul- 
 
 
 
 
 tural School 
 
 Waterford . 
 
 . Model School 
 
 Moyasta-Kilrush 
 
 . National School 
 
 ,, 
 
 Newtown School 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 487 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 Aberdeen 
 Alexandra . 
 
 Ballieston 
 Banton . 
 Beith . 
 Brechin. 
 
 Corsock 
 Cults . 
 
 Dingwall 
 Dumbarton 
 Dundee . 
 
 Edinburgh ' 
 
 Elgin . 
 Fortrose 
 Glasgow 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 . CrosshUl School 
 . Banton School 
 . New Street School 
 . Schoolroom 
 
 . Girls' School 
 . Schoolroom 
 
 . Academy 
 
 . Burgh Academy 
 
 . High School 
 
 . Free Church Training 
 College 
 Watt Institute 
 15, Buccleuch Place 
 EstabUshed- Church 
 Training College 
 . Academy 
 
 , Mechanics' Institution 
 
 . Secular School 
 Andersonian Univer- 
 sity 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 Established Church 
 
 Normal School 
 St. Stephen's School 
 Port Dundas School 
 St. George's School 
 
 TOWN. 
 Inverness . 
 
 Johnstone . 
 Kilmarnock 
 
 Kirkcaldy 
 Kirkwall , 
 
 Leith . . 
 
 Lumphanan 
 Nairn . . 
 NewhiUs' . 
 
 Paisley . . 
 
 Perth . . 
 
 Rothesay . 
 
 St. Andrews 
 Stirhng. . 
 
 Tarbat . . 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 . School of Science and 
 Art 
 Royal Academy 
 
 . Quartelton Parish 
 School 
 
 . East George Street 
 Academy 
 
 New Academy 
 
 School of Art 
 . Burgh School 
 . Grammar School 
 
 . Navigation School 
 St. James's School 
 School of Art 
 
 , Parish School 
 
 . General Assembly's 
 
 School 
 , Stoneywood School- 
 
 . School of Art 
 
 Sessional School 
 . Sessional School 
 
 . Thomson Institution 
 
 . Madras College 
 
 . Scienceand Art School 
 
 , Parochial School 
 
 ART SCHOOLS. 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 Aberdeen . 
 Audover . 
 
 Bath . . 
 
 Belfast . . 
 Birkenhead 
 Birmingham 
 Boston . . 
 Bradford . 
 Bridgewater 
 Bridport . 
 
 Brighton . 
 Bristol . . 
 Bromsgrove 
 Burslem 
 
 Cambridge 
 Cardiff - . 
 Carlisle . . 
 Carmarthen 
 Carnarvon . 
 
 SECRETARY. 
 . Sinclair, James. 
 . Thompson, H. 
 
 . Davis, Charles E., 
 
 F.S.A. 
 . Shepherd, Wm. 
 . Hinde, Wm. E. 
 . Laundy, Edwin. 
 . Gane, WUliam. 
 . Briggs, Arthur. 
 . Thompson, F. J. 
 . Carpenter, Rev. R.L., 
 
 B.A. 
 . Merrifield, F. 
 , Heyworth, Rev. J. 
 . Gibson, G. W. 
 , Woodall, W. 
 
 . Fawcett, W. M. 
 . Price, Peter. 
 , Hannah, T. H., B.A. 
 , Rickard, Weam J. 
 , Manley, H. P. 
 
 TOWN. 
 Cheltenham . . 
 Chester, with 
 
 branch at Crewe 
 Chippenham . . 
 Ciiencester . . 
 Clonrael . . . 
 Coalbrookdale 
 
 and Wenlock . 
 Cork .... 
 Coventry . . . 
 Croydon . . . 
 
 Darlington . . 
 Derby .... 
 Devizes. . . . 
 Devonport . . . 
 
 Dorchester . . 
 Dover .... 
 Dublin (Royal 
 
 Society) . . . 
 Dublin (Queen's 
 
 Institute) . . . 
 
 SECRETARY. 
 Middleton, John. 
 
 Deacle, Rev. E. L. Y. 
 Wilson, J., M.A. 
 Zachary, Henry. 
 Purcell, P. J. 
 
 Squire, E. L. 
 Dunscombe, Thos. S. 
 Gulson, John. 
 Lanchester, H. T. 
 
 I' Anson, J. C. 
 Rickard, John. 
 Wittey, Samuel. 
 Radford, I. C, and 
 
 King, U. H. 
 Watson,Rev.B.Lucas. 
 Knocker, W. 
 
 Steele, Wm. E., M.D. 
 
 Corlett, Miss A. B. 
 
APPENDIX.. 
 
 TOWN. 
 Dudley . . 
 Dundee 
 Durham 
 
 Edinburgh (Male) 
 
 „ (Female) 
 
 fixeter .... 
 
 Frome .... 
 
 Glasgow . 
 Gloucester . 
 
 Halifax 
 .Hanley . . 
 Henley-on- 
 Thames . 
 HuU . . 
 
 High 
 
 Inverness, 
 
 School . 
 Ipswich 
 
 Keighley . . 
 Kendal . . . 
 Kidderminster 
 Kilmarnock . 
 
 SECRETARY. 
 Smith, George. 
 , Gumming, A. W. 
 . GreenweU, Rev. W. 
 
 Primrose, Hon. B. F. 
 
 Cotton, William. 
 
 . Singer, John W. 
 
 . Bannatvne, Mark. 
 
 . Niblett; J. D. Thomas. 
 
 , Fox, Charles J. 
 I Powell, Edwin. 
 
 , Kinch, C. J. 
 
 , Rowney, Thomas. 
 
 L 
 
 Galloway, G. 
 . Piper, J. Dixon. 
 
 , Smith, S. 
 . Nelson, R. J. 
 , Harvey, J. K. 
 . Railton, Wm. 
 
 Lancaster . . . Storey, William. 
 
 Leamington . . Thome, F. 
 
 Leeds, Mecha- 
 nics' Institute . Wardman, Henry. 
 
 Leeds, 9, South 
 Parade . 
 
 Leicester . 
 
 Leith . . . . 
 Lewes .... . 
 Limerick . . . 
 Lincoln . . . 
 Liverpool, North 
 
 District . . . 
 Liverpool, South 
 
 District . . . 
 
 Nussey, G. H. 
 Baker, Charles, and 
 
 Barfield, Samuel. 
 Thomson, Rey. J. 
 De Putron, Rev. P. 
 Connihan, Jerome. 
 Gibney, Rev. J. S. 
 
 Jones, J. Gregory. 
 
 Shaip, Charles. 
 
 Macclesfield 
 
 Manchester 
 
 (Royallnst.) 
 
 Manchester 
 
 Gram. School . Hodson, S. H. 
 Metropolitan 
 Schools : — 
 Female School 
 of Art, 
 
 Bloomsbury. Valpy, L. R. 
 Lambeth, Mil- 
 ler's Lane . Herbert, Rev. G, W. 
 North London, 
 Sandringham 
 Road . . . Iliffe, W. 
 St. Martin's, 
 Castle St., 
 
 Long Acre . Maul, Rev. R. G. 
 St. Thomas's, 
 -Charterhouse Uridge, W. 
 
 TOWN. SECRETARY. 
 
 Metropolitan 
 Schools — 
 Spitalfields, 
 White Lion 
 
 Street . . Hill, W. Neave. 
 West London, 
 Gt. Portland 
 
 Street . . , 
 Westminster, 
 Hyde Place 
 Rotherhithe , 
 South Ken- 
 sington . 
 
 Hubert, S. M. 
 
 Gritten, John 
 Marillier, W. 
 Science and Art De- 
 partment. 
 
 Newcastle- under- 
 Lyne . . . Earl, Emmanuel. 
 
 Newcastle-upon- 
 Tyne .... Leathart, James. 
 
 Norwich . . . Blake, Henry. 
 
 Nottingham . . Goodyer, Henry A. 
 
 Oxford 
 
 I Spiers, Frank E. 
 
 Paisley .... Hodge, Wm. 
 Penzance . . . Rodd, Wm! H. 
 Perth .... McNeiU, John. 
 Portsmouth (with 
 
 branch at Gos- 
 
 port) .... Douglas, J. 
 Preston . . . Newsham, Wm. 
 
 Reading 
 Ryde . 
 
 . Brown, Wm. 
 . Jones, R. J. 
 
 Salisbury . 
 
 Saltaire 
 
 Sheffield . 
 
 Shrewsbury 
 
 Southampton 
 
 Stirling 
 
 Stoke-upon-Trent 
 
 Stourbridge 
 
 Stroud .. . 
 
 Sunderland 
 
 Swansea . 
 
 Taunton . 
 Torquay . 
 Trowbridge 
 Truro . . 
 
 Wakefield . . . 
 Warminster . . 
 Warrington . . 
 Waterford . . . 
 Weston-super- 
 Mare. . . . 
 Winchester . . 
 Wolverhampton . 
 Wolverton . . 
 Worcester . . . 
 
 'Yarmouth, Great 
 York . . . . 
 
 Wilton, Wm. Jonas. 
 
 Salt, T., jun. 
 
 Wightman, Arthur. 
 
 Tasker, James. 
 
 Le Feuvre, J. E. 
 
 Kemp, John. 
 
 Keary, Wm. 
 
 King, Wm. Henry. 
 . Dickinson, S. S. 
 .Hills, Wm.H. 
 . William?, Jphq, M.D. 
 
 . Jones, "Vy. A., M.A. 
 . Luxmoore, C. N. 
 . Tayler, G. C. 
 . Solomon, Thomas 
 
 . Bruce, S. 
 . Stent,. William J. 
 . White, Henry B. 
 , Gibson, George 
 
 Townshend, Com., 
 . R.N. 
 
 Jackson, Vincent 
 
 [In fib^yance] 
 Bions, R. W., and 
 
 Day, Rev. M. 
 Cubitt, Captain F. A. 
 Proctor, W, 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 489 
 
 ART EVENING CLASSES. 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 Abbot's Langley Boys' School 
 
 Birmingham . 
 
 . New Jerusalem School 
 
 Aberdare . . 
 
 . British School 
 
 It 
 
 St. Anne's School 
 
 Alnwick . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 It 
 
 St. Barnabas' School 
 
 Altrincham . 
 
 . Literary Institution 
 
 )i 
 
 St. Clement's, Ne- 
 
 Amblecote . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 chells 
 
 Astley Bridge 
 
 . St. Paul's School 
 
 It 
 
 St. James's School, 
 
 Auchinblae . 
 
 . Free Church School 
 
 
 Ushsted 
 
 Aylesbury . . 
 
 . Endowed School 
 
 t* 
 
 St. John's School, 
 Ladywood 
 
 Bacup . . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 tt 
 
 St. Luke's School 
 
 ~it 
 
 Wesley Place Wes- 
 
 tt 
 
 St. Mary's School, 
 
 
 leyan School 
 
 
 Bath Street 
 
 Bagslate . . ~ 
 
 . British School 
 
 ,, 
 
 St. Mary's School, 
 
 Baildon . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 
 Selly Oak 
 
 BalUncollig . 
 
 . Dr. Rowntree's Class 
 
 ,, 
 
 Severn Street British 
 
 Banbury . . 
 
 . British School (Boys) 
 
 
 School 
 
 >j 
 
 British School (Girls) 
 
 „ 
 
 Unitarian School, 
 
 Bangor . . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 Newhall Hill 
 
 Banton . . . 
 
 . Subscription School 
 
 1) 
 
 WycUffe British 
 
 Barnard Castle 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 
 School 
 
 Bamoldswick . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Birstall . . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Barnsley . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Bishop Auckland British School 
 
 Barnstaple . . 
 
 . Literary Institution 
 
 Blackburn . . 
 
 .St. John's National 
 
 Bath . . . 
 
 . Weston National 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 School 
 
 Bolton . . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 )> 
 
 Widcombe School 
 
 ,, 
 
 Unitarian School 
 
 Bathgate . . 
 
 . Academy 
 
 Bovey Tracey 
 
 . East Street 
 
 Bafley . . . 
 
 . Independent School 
 
 Bradford . . 
 
 . Great Horton National 
 
 )} 
 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 
 
 School 
 
 Belfast . . . 
 
 , Model School 
 
 Braintree . . 
 
 . Braintree and Bocking 
 
 Belgrave . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 Literary and Me- 
 
 Berkeley . . 
 
 . Church of England 
 
 
 chanics' Institution 
 
 
 School 
 
 Brechin . . 
 
 . Burgh Schoolroom 
 
 Bewdley , . 
 
 ■ Bewdley and Wrib- 
 
 BrierleyHill . 
 
 . Albion House School 
 
 
 benhall Working 
 
 ,, 
 
 National School 
 
 
 Men's Institution 
 
 Brighouse . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Bexley Heath 
 
 . Working Men's Insti- 
 
 »» 
 
 Working Men's In- 
 
 
 tution 
 
 
 stitution 
 
 Bilston . . . 
 
 . St. Leonard's National 
 
 Bristol . . . 
 
 . Diocesan Trade School 
 
 
 School 
 
 tt 
 
 North Street Wesleyan 
 
 ii 
 
 Coseley, Christ Church 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 School 
 
 »i 
 
 Redland Highbiury 
 
 Bingley . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 
 British School 
 
 Birmingham . 
 
 . All Saints; School 
 
 tt 
 
 Russell-Town British 
 
 jj 
 
 Artisan Class, New 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 Church Street 
 
 Burnley . . 
 
 . FuUedge Wesleyan 
 
 a 
 
 Bishop Ryder's School 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 Bloomsbury Institute 
 
 tt 
 
 Literary Institution 
 
 )i 
 
 Cambridge Street 
 
 tt 
 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 
 
 School 
 
 Burntisland . 
 
 . Kirk Wynd School 
 
 
 Church of the Saviour 
 
 
 
 
 School 
 
 Chatham . . 
 
 . New Brompton, St. 
 
 
 Clarendon Chambers 
 
 
 Mark's School 
 
 
 Handsworth, St. 
 
 1) 
 
 St. Mary's National 
 
 
 James's School 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 Handsworth, St. Mi- 
 
 Cheltenham . 
 
 . Bath Road National 
 
 
 chael's School 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 Heneage Street British 
 
 }i 
 
 Parish Church School 
 
 
 School 
 
 ,, 
 
 St. John's National 
 
 f> 
 
 Lozells Congrega- 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 tional School 
 
 tt 
 
 Working Men's Club 
 
49P 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 WHEKE HELD. 
 
 Chepstow . 
 
 . . National School 
 
 Greenwich . . 
 
 . Roan's Central School 
 
 Chesterfield 
 
 . . National School 
 
 Gunnislake 
 
 . Wesleyan School 
 
 Clay Cross . 
 Colchester . 
 
 . . Public Hall 
 
 
 
 . . Literary Institution 
 
 Halifax. . . 
 
 . Copley Works' School 
 
 CoUingbourne 
 
 J) 
 
 Haley HiU School 
 
 Ducis 
 
 . . National School 
 
 Halstead . . 
 
 . Literary and Mecha- 
 
 Collingham 
 
 . PubUc Hall 
 
 
 nics' Institution 
 
 Colne .' . 
 
 . . Grammar School 
 
 Hartlepool 
 
 . The Temperance Hall 
 
 Congleton.. 
 
 . . St. James's National 
 
 Haslingden . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 
 School 
 
 Haworth . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Cottingley . 
 
 . . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Hemel Hemp- 
 
 
 Coventry . 
 
 . St. Peter's School 
 
 stead . . . 
 
 . Frogmore End Church 
 
 Cradley . 
 
 . . "Wesleyan School 
 
 
 of England School 
 
 Crewe . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 High Wycombe 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 
 Hitchin . . 
 
 . St. Mary's National 
 
 Deptford . 
 
 . . St. John's School 
 
 
 School. 
 
 Derby . . 
 
 . . St. Andrew's National 
 
 Hoddesdon . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 School 
 
 Holbeck . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 
 King Street Wesleyan 
 
 '» 
 
 Wesleyan School 
 
 
 School 
 
 Huddersfield . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Devonport . 
 
 . St. James's School, 
 
 J) 
 
 St. Paul's School 
 
 
 Keyham 
 
 a 
 
 St. Thomas's School 
 
 Dewsbury . 
 Doncaster . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 . British School 
 
 Idle .... 
 
 . Holy Trinity School 
 
 
 Great Northern Rail- 
 
 Ince .... 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 way School 
 Guildhall School 
 
 Ironville . . 
 
 . Institute 
 
 ;> 
 
 Isleworth . . 
 
 . Boys' National School 
 
 Droitwich . 
 
 St. George's School 
 . HoUoway National 
 
 Jarrow-on-Tyne 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 
 School 
 
 Kidderminster 
 
 . St. John the Baptist's 
 
 Bublin . . 
 
 . Central Model School 
 
 
 School 
 
 Dudley . . 
 
 . Bluecoat School 
 
 Kirkcaldy . . 
 
 . Burgh School 
 
 j> 
 
 Holly Hall School 
 
 Kirkstall . . 
 
 . Educational Society 
 
 )? 
 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Knottingley . 
 
 . Church Institute 
 
 J, 
 
 St. James's National 
 
 
 
 
 School 
 
 Launceston . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 „ 
 
 St. John's National 
 
 Leeds . . . 
 
 . Arraley, Church of 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 England School 
 
 jj 
 
 Upper GomalNational 
 
 J, 
 
 Basinghall Street 
 
 
 School 
 
 17 
 
 Morley, St. Peter's 
 School 
 
 Eastbourne 
 
 . Trinity National 
 
 }, 
 
 Newtown, St. John 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 the Baptist's School 
 
 Elsecar . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 ,, 
 
 New Wortley, Parish 
 
 Erdington . 
 
 . The Public Hall 
 
 
 Church School 
 
 Erith . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 J, 
 
 St. Anne's Roman 
 
 Eltingshall . 
 
 . Church School 
 
 
 Catholic School 
 St. Mary's School 
 
 Falkirk. . . 
 
 . Parish School 
 
 „ 
 
 St. Peter's School 
 
 Falmouth . . 
 
 . Town Hall 
 
 J) 
 
 Working Men's Hall 
 
 Famley . . . 
 
 . Iron Company's 
 
 
 Young Men's Asso- 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 ciation 
 
 Famworth . 
 
 . Wesleyan School 
 
 Lichfield . . 
 
 . Working Men's Insti- 
 
 Faversham 
 
 . Institute 
 
 
 tute 
 
 Fraserburgh . 
 
 . Mid Street Academy 
 
 Lisburn , . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 
 Liskeard . . 
 
 . Literary Institution 
 
 G.irgrave . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Littleborough 
 
 . Church School 
 
 Glandore . . 
 
 . Agricultural Model 
 
 Liverpool . . 
 
 . St. James's National 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 School 
 
 Glasgow . . 
 
 . Cathcart Street School 
 
 ,, 
 
 Young Women's 
 
 n 
 
 Maxwell Sessional 
 
 
 Association 
 
 
 School 
 
 LlandafF . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Gravesend . . 
 
 . Middle Class School 
 
 Llanelly . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Greenock . . 
 
 . Old Town Hall 
 
 Londonderry . 
 
 . Model School 
 

 APrENDIX. 
 
 49 1 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 Loughor . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Metropolitan — 
 
 
 Lowestoft . . 
 
 . St. John's National 
 
 Poplar . . 
 
 . All Saints' National 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 School 
 
 Lowton . . 
 
 . St. Mary's National 
 
 (f 
 
 St. Saviour's School 
 
 
 School 
 
 Stepney . . 
 
 . St. Philip's School 
 
 Luton . . . 
 
 . Town Hall 
 
 Westminster 
 
 . Christ Church School 
 
 Lutterworth . 
 
 . Sherriers' School 
 
 >j 
 
 Con gregational Chapel 
 School 
 
 Maidstone . 
 
 . College Buildings 
 
 Middlesborough 
 
 
 Manchester 
 
 . Gorton Railway In- 
 
 on-Tees . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 
 stitute 
 
 Montrose . . 
 
 . Town Hall 
 
 )* 
 
 Gorton (West), St. 
 
 iloxley . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 Mark's School 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 Pendleton Mechanics' 
 
 Nelson-in-Mars 
 
 
 
 Institution 
 
 den . . . 
 
 . Loweshaye School 
 
 it 
 
 Teachers' Union In- 
 
 Netherton . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 
 stitution 
 
 Newcastle on 
 
 _ 
 
 Mansfield . 
 
 . St.. John's National 
 
 Tyne . . . 
 
 . Elswick Wbrks 
 
 
 School 
 
 jj 
 
 Mechanics' Institution, 
 
 Market Har- 
 
 
 
 New Bridge Steeet 
 
 borough . 
 
 . British School 
 
 ,, 
 
 Wellington Quay, 
 
 Marlborough 
 
 . St. Peter's School 
 
 
 Stephenson Insti- 
 
 Melksham . 
 
 . Mutual Improvement 
 
 
 tute 
 
 
 Society B.S. 
 
 Newport (Mon.) 
 
 . National School 
 
 Merthyr Tydv 
 
 il . British School 
 
 New Swindon 
 
 . Railway Institute 
 
 Metropolitan- 
 
 - 
 
 Newton Abbot 
 
 . Useful Knowledge \ 
 
 Battersea 
 
 . . Christ Church School 
 
 
 Society 
 
 jj 
 
 Sherwood Institute 
 
 Northampton . 
 
 . Museum 
 
 Bethnal Grf 
 
 ;en National School 
 
 North Shields 
 
 . St. Peter's School • 
 
 Blackfriars ] 
 
 Rd. South London Work- 
 
 Northwood 
 
 
 
 ing Men's College 
 
 (Stoke-on- 
 
 
 Bow . . 
 
 . . Baptist Chapel 
 
 Trent) . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 „ (North 
 
 ) . Old Ford Road School 
 
 
 
 Chancery Lane Birkbeck Institute, 
 
 Oldbury . . 
 
 . Messrs Chance's 
 
 
 Southampton Build- 
 
 
 Evening School, 
 
 
 ings 
 
 
 Alkali Works 
 
 Chelsea . 
 
 . . Keppel Street 
 
 ,, 
 
 National School 
 
 Clerkenwel 
 
 
 Otley . . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Green . 
 
 . . Technical School 
 
 
 
 Finchley 
 
 . . North End Congrega- 
 
 Paisley . . . 
 
 . Abstainers' Union 
 
 
 tional School 
 
 Pensnett . . 
 
 . British School 
 
 Homsey. 
 
 . . British School 
 
 ,, 
 
 National School 
 
 Islington 
 
 . . Windsor Street 
 
 Pill .... 
 
 . Benevolent School 
 
 
 Science School 
 
 Plymouth . . 
 
 . Public Free School, 
 
 }i 
 
 Youths' Institute 
 
 
 Cobourg Street 
 
 
 St. Mary's National 
 
 ,, 
 
 Art and Science 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 Classes, Courtenay 
 
 Kensington 
 
 . Allen Street 
 
 
 Street 
 
 Lambeth 
 
 . . Hercules Buildings 
 British School 
 
 jj 
 
 Working Men's Club 
 
 Leadenhall 
 
 St. City of London Col- 
 
 Redruth . . 
 
 . Wesleyan School 
 
 
 lege 
 
 Riddings . . 
 
 . Mutual Improvement 
 
 Little Tichf 
 
 leld 
 
 
 , Association 
 
 Street. 
 
 . Portland British 
 
 Rosscarbery . 
 
 . Mount Fachnanus 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 School 
 
 Lower Nor 
 
 
 Rowley Regis 
 
 . National School 
 
 wood . 
 
 . . Worldng Men's In- 
 stitute 
 
 Runcorn •. . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Marylebone 
 
 . New Quebec Club 
 
 St. Helen's . 
 
 . St. Thomas's Church 
 
 New Kent ] 
 
 Rd. St. Matthew's Na- 
 
 
 Institution 
 
 
 tional School, Lion 
 
 )f 
 
 Mechanics' Institution 
 
 
 Street 
 
 St. Just . . 
 
 . Literary Institute 
 
 Pimlico . 
 
 . St. Michael's National 
 
 Salford . . . 
 
 . Working Men's Col- 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 lege 
 
492 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 Saltaire . . 
 
 . Literary Institute 
 
 West Bromwich 
 
 . St. Peter's 
 
 Shaftesbury . 
 
 . National School 
 
 ti 
 
 Messrs. B^gnall's 
 
 Shaw . . . 
 
 . Wesleyan School 
 
 
 School, Gold's Hill 
 
 Sheffield . . 
 
 . Christian and Educa- 
 
 Westbury-on- 
 
 
 
 tional Institute 
 
 Trym . . 
 
 . Working Men's Class 
 
 Sheibome . . 
 
 . Art School 
 
 Weston . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Skipton . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Whitchurch . 
 
 . Wesleyan School 
 
 Slaithwaite .. 
 
 .. Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Whittle - le - 
 
 
 Slough . . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Woods . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 SmeSiwick 
 
 . St. Matthew's School 
 
 Wickham Market National School 
 
 ,j 
 
 Trinity Cliurch School 
 
 Wigan . . . 
 
 . St. Thomas's School 
 
 Sowerby Bridge 
 
 . National School 
 
 WiUenhall . 
 
 . The Literary Institute 
 
 Staveley . . 
 
 . Works' School 
 
 Wilton . . . 
 
 . Art Night Class 
 
 Stockport . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Windsor . . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institute 
 
 ti 
 
 Sunday School 
 
 Wisbeach . . 
 
 . Working Men's Club 
 
 Stockton-on-Tees Skinner Street School 
 
 
 and Institute 
 
 Tavistock . . 
 
 . British School 
 Gulworthy School. 
 
 Witney . . . 
 
 . The Wesleyan Mental 
 Improvement Soci- 
 
 . St. John's School 
 St. Mark's School 
 
 Thirsk -' . . 
 
 West Street 
 . Mechanics' Institute 
 
 Wolverhampton 
 
 Thome . . . 
 
 . Brooke's Grammar 
 
 
 Wednesfield Heath 
 
 
 School 
 
 
 National School 
 
 Tipton . . . 
 
 . St. Martin's National 
 
 
 St. Peter's National 
 
 
 School 
 
 " 
 
 School 
 
 Troedyrhiew . 
 
 . National School 
 
 W^olverton 
 
 . Institute 
 
 Tunbridge Wells Belgrave Institute 
 
 Woodhouse . 
 
 . Mechanics' Institution 
 
 Wakefield . . 
 
 . Smyth Street School 
 
 Worcester . . 
 
 . Trade School 
 
 Walsall . . 
 
 . Artisans' Art Class 
 
 Wordsley . . 
 
 . National School 
 
 Warminster . 
 
 . British School 
 
 
 
 Wednesbury . 
 
 . British School 
 
 York . . . 
 
 . St. Saviourgate In- 
 
 
 Parish Church School 
 
 
 stitute 
 
 )) 
 
 St. John's School 
 
 J) 
 
 Manor School 
 
 SOCIETY OF ARTS' LOCAL EDUCATIONAL BOARDS. 
 
 The following is a List of the places at which LoCAi Boards have been formed, 
 witli the names of the Secretaries, from whom information may be obtained respecting 
 the Society's future operations : — 
 
 EOCAL BOARDS. SECRETARIES. 
 
 Aberdeen J. Sinclair, Mechanics' Institute, Aberdeen. 
 
 Accrington Mechanics' Institute . D. Tunks, Blaclcburn Road. 
 Alderley Edge Educational Institute G. W. Railton. 
 
 Aldershot and Farnham . . . Henry Poppleton, College Boarding School, 
 
 Farnham. 
 
 Alnwick AdamRobertson,iun., i2,Nan-owgate, Alnwick 
 
 Alton John Bryant, Post-office, Alton. 
 
 Ashford Thomas Nesbit, 9, WeUesley Villas, Ashford. 
 
 Ashton-under-Lyne . . . John Andrew, Reporter Office. 
 
 Bacup Mechanics' Institute . . J. R. Pilling, 24, Corporation Stieet, Bacup. 
 Banbridge (Ireland) . . . T. H. Cony, Church Square., 
 Belfast Literary Institute . . F. A. Maitland. 
 
 Bewdley and Wribbenlrall . . J. Birtwistle. 
 
 Birmingham and Midland . . Edwin Smith, Birmingham and Midland Insti- 
 tute, Birmingham. 
 Bishop's Stortford . . . . F. W. Nash, B.A., Bmihanger, Bishop's Stort- 
 
 ford. 
 Blackburn Science School . . Giles Parkinson, London Terrace, Blackburn. 
 
 Blandford J. B. Green. 
 
 BoUington Useful Knowledge So- 
 ciety S. Sutton, Wellington Road, Bollington. 
 
APPENDIX. 493 
 
 LOCAL BOARDS. SECRETARIES. 
 
 Bolton Mechanics' Institute . . J. Dakoyue, 45, Nelson-by-terrace, Bolton. 
 „ Science and Art School . Rev. J. G. Doman, 118, RosehiU. 
 
 Bradford Mechanics' Institute . Jos. Holbrey. 
 
 Brighton Barclay Phillips, 75, Lansdown-place, Brighton. 
 
 Bristol Young Men's Christian As- 
 sociation W. Henry Williams, 4, St. JamesVsq., Bristol. 
 
 Bromsgrove ..... W. Holyoake. 
 
 Burnley Mechanics' Institute . . C. P. Foden. 
 
 Bury Athenaeum (Lancashire) . . John Stockdale. 
 
 Bury St. Edmund's . . . . G. Wicker, Athenaeum. 
 
 Carlisle Mechanics' Institute . . J. Saunders, Mech. Inst., Fisher Street, Carlisle. 
 Chapeltown (near Bolton) Institute . T. Dixon, Chapeltown, near Bolton. 
 Cheltenham Working Men's Club . J. Creed. 
 Chorley Mechanics' Institute . . T. Brown. 
 
 Christchurch J. Kemp Welch. 
 
 Compstall Literary Institute, near 
 
 Stockport John Femley. 
 
 Cork Young Men's Society . . James J. Ryan, 27, Richmond Hill, Cork. 
 Crewe . . . . . - J. E. Cubbon, Mechanics' Institute, Crewe. 
 
 Darlington C. Jackson, Westbrook House, Darlington. 
 
 Darwen Mechanics' Institute . . E. NeviUe, 6, Green Street East. 
 Dean Mills Evening Class, HaUi- 
 
 well, Bolton .... W. Taylor, Dean Mills. 
 Denton and Haughton Mechanics' 
 
 Institute, Denton, Manchester . J. Collins, Hyde Road, Denton. 
 Deptford . . . . . T. Earland, z, Wellington Grove, Greenwich 
 
 Road, E.C. 
 
 Derby H. M. Holmes, London Road, Derby. 
 
 Devonport Mechanics' Institute . J. Clark. . 
 
 Droitwich Mr. Jeacook. 
 
 Droylsden Educational Institute . Jonathan Hadfield. 
 Dudley Mechanics' Institute . . W. Woodhouse. 
 
 Earlstown ..... Charles Shaw, Earlstown, Newton-le- Willows. 
 
 Ebley Henry Stephens, Vale House, Ebley. 
 
 Eccleshill (near Leeds) . . . Samuel Holmes. 
 Edinbur^, Watt Institution and 
 
 School of Arts . . . .R.T.Scott. 
 Evesham Rev. M. Wood, The Lodge, Evesham. 
 
 Failsworth Mechanics' Institute, near 
 
 Manchester John Brierley, Moston, Failsworth. 
 
 Parsley (near Leeds) . . . Josephus Horn. 
 
 Faversham, The Institute , . C. Smith. 
 
 Freetown Institute, Glossop . . Joshua Sidebottom,. Glossop. 
 
 Garforth Working Men's Club . A. Woodhead. 
 
 Gilford (Ireland) . . . .Dr. Henry M'Bride, Gilford, Comity Down. 
 
 Gisborough A. Taylor. 
 
 Glasgow Athenaeum . . • Gavin Chapman, Ruby St., Bridgeton, Glasgow. 
 Institution . . - John Craig, Glasgow Institution, 280, George 
 Street. 
 „ Mechanics' Institute . A. B. Macgregor, S, Winton Terrace, Glasgow. 
 
 „ Popular Evening Classes, 
 
 Andersonian University . G. Martin, II, Great Western Road. 
 „ Tonic Sol-fa Choral Society Colin Brown. 
 Glodwick Mutual Improvement So- 
 ciety, Oldham .... Jeremiah Green. 
 Gold's Hill (West Bromwich) . F. B. N. Hutton. 
 
 Halifax Mechanics' Institute . . James Watson. 
 
 „ Working Men's College . G. Gibb, Haley Hill, Halifax. 
 
494 . APPENDIX. • 
 
 LOCAL BOARDS. SECRETARIES. 
 
 Handsworth "Working Men's Club . J. W. Sadler^ George St., Lozells, B iimingham. 
 
 Hanley Castle . , . . Rev. J. B.. Cox. 
 
 Hartlepool, West . . . . E. Cory and J. P. Fea. 
 
 Haslingden B. Heap, Victoria Terrace. 
 
 Hastings and St. Leonard's . . J. Charles Savety, 12, York-buildings, Hastings. 
 
 Hatherlow and Bredbnry . . T. Greenwood. . 
 
 Haughton Dale . . . . J. T. Fellows, Haugtton Dale Worlis, Denton, 
 
 Manchester. 
 
 Hebden Bridge .... James Rawson. 
 
 Hertford O. H. Wagiier, Montague House. 
 
 Heywood George Fairbrother, Heywood Mechanics' Inst. 
 
 Hitchin J. Pollard. 
 
 Holbeck (Leeds) .... George Oldfield. 
 
 Holywell Green Mechanics' Insti- 
 tute (near Halifax) . ' . . H. T. Shaw. 
 
 Huddersfield Mechanics' Institute . Joseph Bate, Mechanics' Institute, Huddersfield. 
 
 Hull T. D. BaU, Pryme Street, HuU. 
 
 Hulme (Manchester) Working Men's 
 Institute R. Shaw, 220, City Road, Hulme. 
 
 Hunslet School of Art . . . John C. Nicholson. , 
 
 Hyde Mech. Inst, (near Manchester) James Bradley. 
 
 Ipswich Edwin Barrett, 31, ComhiU. 
 
 Ii-well Institute, RawtenstaU , . H. H. Ashworth. 
 
 Kendal C. L. Braithwaite, jun. 
 
 Keswick Henry Irwin Jenkinson. 
 
 Kidderminster Church of England 
 
 Mutual Improvement Society . R. Grove. 
 Kidderminster Mechanics' Institute H. Fawcett. 
 King's Lynn . . • . . . T. Burton, 63, High Sti'eet. 
 Kinver .,,,.. Rev. W. H. Bolton, Kinver, near Stourbridge. 
 
 Lancashire and Cheshire Union of 
 Institutes (Central Board) . . Thomas Lawton, 3, St. James's Chambers, 
 
 South King Street, Manchester. 
 Lancaster Mechanics' Institute . G. KeUand, Friar Street. 
 Leeds Cliurch Institute . . . Rev. F. J. Wood, M.A. 
 ,, Mechanics' Institute . . J. O. Dayson. 
 ,, YoungMen's Christian Assoc. W. Hind Smith, 9, East Parade. 
 ,, Yorkshire Board of Education' H. H. Sales, Hyde Park Terrace, Leeds. 
 
 Leicester Rev. D. J. Vaughan, St. Martin's Vicarage. 
 
 Lichfield Dr. W. Browne, The Friary,JL,ichfield. 
 
 Littlemoor and Howard Town Me- 
 chanics' Institute, Glossop . . C. Chadwick, 236, High Street West, Glossop. 
 
 Liverpool Charles Sharp. . 
 
 Lockwood G. Matthewman. 
 
 Lomeshey (near Burnley) Evening 
 
 School Leonard Clement. 
 
 'London, Beauvoir College . . Robert Griffiths,. Plaistow, E. 
 Birkbeck Literary and Sci- 
 entific Institute . . . George M. Norris. 29, Soutliampton Buildings, 
 Chancery Lane, W.C. 
 Bromley (Middl'x) Classes R. Wild. 
 City of London College . H. W. Hansen. 
 
 Lambeth T. E. HeUer, Hercules Buildings, Lambeth. 
 
 Polytechnic Inst. Classes . James Cousens, Polytechnic Institution. 
 
 St. Stephen's, Westminster W. H. Baker, St. Stephen's Schools, Rochester 
 
 Row, S.W. 
 Tailors' Labour Agency . W. E. Church, Dunn's Literary Institution, 
 Newington Causeway, S.E. 
 
 Louth B. Crow. 
 
 Lurgan Mechanics' Institute . . W. Heron, 89, William Street, Lurgan. 
 Lynn . . , .\ , . T. Burton,.63, High Street, Lynn, 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 495 
 
 4 LOCAL BOARDS. 
 
 Macclesfield Useful Knowledge So 
 
 ciety 
 
 Malvern ..... 
 
 Manchester Mechanics' Institute 
 
 Middlesborough 
 
 Mossley Mechanics' Institute . 
 
 SECRETARIES. 
 
 William Jeffery, Park Street. 
 Dr. Marsden. 
 G. H. Shipley. 
 William Taylor. 
 J. Waterhouse. 
 
 Newcastle-on-Tyne Church of Eng- 
 land Institute .... Jos. Forster, 69, Maple Terrace. 
 
 Newcastle-on-Tyne Excelsior Tem- 
 perance Society . . . .J. W. Swanston, 22, Bigg Market. 
 
 Newcastle-on-Tyne Mechanics' In- 
 stitute, New Bridge Street . . J. McKendrick. 
 
 New Mills Working Men's Institute, 
 
 near Stockport . . . . G-. Walker. 
 
 New Swindon . . . .J. Goudge. 
 
 Newton Heath (All Saints' School) Thos. Hudson, 547, Aldham Road, Newton 
 
 Heath. 
 
 Northampton ..... John B. Hensmau, Gmldhall. 
 
 Oldbury 
 
 Oldham Lyceum 
 
 Padiham .... 
 
 Paisley 
 
 Parsonstown (Ireland) 
 Patricroft Mechanics' Institution 
 Pembroke Dock . 
 Penzance .... 
 
 Poole 
 
 Portsmouth .... 
 Preston Institution . 
 
 Rev. W. T. Taylor, Oldbury. 
 
 William Norton, Union Street, Oldham. 
 
 T. D. Harland. 
 
 Rev. John Crouch, 8, George Street, Paisley. 
 
 Edward Morrison. 
 
 John Hewitt, Mechanics' Institution, Patricroft. 
 
 J. T. Cock, B.A., Meyrick Street. 
 
 Councillor Rodd. 
 
 John J. Norton, West Street, Poole. 
 
 Alfred R. Robinson, 198, Lake Rd., Landport. 
 
 Wm. Newsham, Avenham Institute, Preston. 
 
 Rawtenstall Mechanics' Institution . William Wardleworth, Pleasant View, Raw- 
 tens tall. 
 
 Redditch . . . .V. MUlward. 
 
 Richmond F. G. Trevor, '15, Hermitage Road, Rich- 
 mond, S.W. 
 
 Rishton Mech. Inst., Blackburn . H. Fowler. 
 
 Rotherham William Unwin, Moorgate Grove. 
 
 Rugby F. E. Kitchener, M.A. 
 
 Salford Working Men's College 
 
 Scarborough 
 
 Slough 
 
 Smethvrick 
 
 Southampton 
 
 ' Southport Athenaeum 
 South Staffordshire Educational As- 
 sociation 
 
 Staleybridge Mechanics' Institute . 
 Stamford, St. Martin's Schools 
 Stockport Mechanics' Institute 
 
 „ Sunday School Young 
 Men's Mutual Improve- 
 ment Society 
 Stockbridge (near Sheffield) Mu- 
 tual Improvement Society . 
 Stockton-on-Tees . . . . 
 Stourbridge Associated Institutes . 
 , , Church of England Inst. 
 
 Stroud 
 
 Swinton Mechanics' Institute, near 
 Manchester ..... 
 
 John Plant, Peel Park, Salford. 
 J. D. Yewdall. 
 
 W. H. Ward, Alpha Place, Slough. 
 F. Talbot, Messrs. Chance's Schools. 
 
 E. T. Sims, jun., 55, East St., Southampton. 
 R. Craven, Belgrave House. 
 
 F. Talbot, Messrs. Chance's Library, Smethwiclc 
 D. Smith. 
 
 H. Knight. 
 F. Moody. 
 
 Thomas Smale, 68, Mottram Street. 
 
 H. Robertshaw. 
 
 T. H. Ainsworth. 
 
 Rev. D. Maginnis, Old Parsonage. 
 
 T. Akery, 26, High Street, Stourbridge. 
 
 S. Dickenson. 
 
 J. Gauge, Golden Hill. 
 
496 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 LOCAL BOARDS. 
 
 Thirsk 
 
 Tintwistle Mechanics' Institute 
 Tottington Mutual Improvement So- 
 ciety, near Bury . . . . 
 Tyldesley Mechanics' Institute 
 
 Wakefield 
 
 Walsall .... 
 
 Waterford 
 
 Wednesbury . 
 
 Wellingborough 
 
 Wemeth Mechanics' Institute^ 
 
 Oldham 
 West Bromwich (i) 
 West Bromwich (2) 
 Weston-super-Mare 
 
 Wlialeybridge 
 
 Willenhall 
 
 Wolverhampton 
 
 Woolwich (Rectory Place Science 
 
 School) .... 
 
 ,, (St. MichaelandAU. Angels 
 
 Science Class) 
 ,, (St. Thomas's Parochial 
 Schools) 
 Worcester, Bridport Free Church 
 Mutual Improvement Association 
 Worcester Catholic Institute . 
 
 ,, Co-operative. Reading- 
 room . , .' . 
 Worcestershire Union of Institutes . 
 
 SECILETARIES. 
 Richard D. Carter. 
 John S. Lees, Tintwistle. 
 
 Joseph Lord, Sunny Bank Farm, Tottington. 
 WiUiam Lomax. 
 
 G. H. Bowes. 
 
 R. W. Gillespie. 
 
 James Budd, 5, King's Sti'eet, Waterford. 
 
 Rev. R. B. Stoney. 
 
 T. S. Curtis. 
 
 John Robinson. 
 
 Rev. F. P. Hutton, Gold's HiU, West Bromwich 
 Henry Ward, West Bromwich. 
 Major-General Gore Munbee, Highbury Villa, 
 
 Weston-super-Mare. 
 T. Lawton, 3, St. James's Chambers, South King 
 
 Street, Manchester, 
 J. C. Tildesley, WiUenhall. 
 C. B. Smith, 26, King Street, Wolverhampton. 
 
 York 
 
 Mrs. William Fairbrother, Pine Cottage, New 
 Road, Charlton, S.E. 
 
 Louis J. Rouegg. 
 
 J. H. Norman, 13, Woodland-ter., Charlton, S.E. 
 
 E. J. Lewis. 
 
 Rev. J. Waterworth. 
 
 Mr. Smith. 
 
 Rev. G. D. Boyle and F. Marcus, Worcester. 
 
 R. Hall, 6, Bridge Street, York. 
 
 INDIAN TELEGRAPH DEPARTMENT. - 
 
 We have received an intimation from the Secretary of the Indian Public Works 
 Department, stating that the revised organisation of the Indian Telegraph 
 Department, which was begun in 1866, has how been completed, and that the 
 Establishment is at present in excess of the regular complement. No more nomina- 
 tions to the Department will therefore be made for some time to come. The papers 
 hitherto issued regarding the tests to which Nominees would be subjected are no 
 longer applicable. 
 
 November ist, 1871. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Aberdeen University, 75 
 Aberdeen University Prizes, 75 
 Abingdon School, 377 
 Academy of Music, List of Local Exa- 
 miners, 474 
 Agricultural Colleges, 267 
 Albert Middle Class College, 364 
 All Souls College, Oxford, 17 
 Anderson's University, 74 
 Apothecaries' Society, 219 
 Apothecaries' Hall, Ireland, 254 
 Aichbishop Holgate's School, 378 
 Armagh Royal School, 398 
 Army Commissions, 177 
 Army Medical Department, 174 
 Army Medical School, Netiey, 250 
 Army Regulations, New, 400 
 Army Regulations, Explanatory Memo- 
 randum, 459 
 Army Schoolmasters' Training Schools, 
 
 291 
 Army Schools and Schoolmasters, 462 
 Amott Scholarships, 445, 448 
 Art Education, Importance of, 390 
 Art Training Schools and Classes, 137 
 Art Education for Women', 450 
 Art Schools and Classes, Provincial, 139 
 Arts, Laws, and Science : Address by 
 Dr. Temple, 116 
 
 Balliol College, Oxford, 14 
 
 Bath College, 366 
 
 Bedford College, 448 
 
 Bedford Grammar School, 387 
 
 Bedfordshire Middle Class School, 387 
 
 Birkbeck Institution, 306 
 
 Birkenhead School, 392 
 
 Birkenhead Science and Art School, 389 
 
 Bishop Hatfield's Hall, Durham, 62 — 64 
 
 Bishop Stortford High School, 385 
 
 Bishop of Winchester upon Local Exa- 
 minations, 56 
 
 Bishop of Exeter on Mechanics' Insti- 
 tutions and Endowed Schools, 405 
 
 Blackheath Proprietary School, 337 
 
 Brighton College, 367 
 
 "Britannia" Training Ship, 183 
 
 British and Foreign School Society, 273 
 
 Cambridge University Scholarships, 34, 
 
 ^455 
 
 Cambridge University Prizes, 34 
 Cambridge University Degrees, 39 
 Cambridge University Terms, 40 
 Cambridge University Fees, 53 
 Cambridge College Expenses, 52 — 54 
 Cambridge Local Examinations, 54, 413 
 Cambridge Local Centres, 55 
 Cambridge Lectures to Women, 412 
 Cambridge University Examinations of 
 
 Girls and Women, 462 
 Catholic University of Ireland, 97 
 Catholic University School, Dublin, loi 
 Cavan Royal School, 398 
 Charing Cross Hospital, 248 
 Charter HouserSchool, 326 
 Cheltenham College, 378 
 Cheltenham Ladies' College, 450 
 Cheltenham Grammar School, 380 
 Cheltenham Proprietary School, 380 
 Chemistry, Royal College of, 148 
 Chiswick CoUegiate School, 336 
 Christ Church College, Oxford, 18 
 Christ's College, Brecknock, 372 
 Christ's College, Cambridge, 46 
 Christ's College, Finchley, 130 
 Church of En^and Training Colleges, 
 
 27? 
 Church of Scotland Training Colleges, 
 
 287 
 Cirencester Agricultural College, 267 
 City of London School, 324 
 Civil Service Examinations, 153 
 Civil Service of India, 158 
 Civil Engineering, India, 162 
 CivU Engineering College, India, 164 
 Clare College, Cambridge, 41 
 Clerkships, Government Appointments, 
 
 155- 
 Clifton College, 368 
 College of Medicine, Newcastle, 64 
 College of Physical Science, Newcastle, 
 
 64 
 College for Women, Hitchin, 451 
 College of Preceptors, 278 
 Colleges of Cambridge, 40 
 Colleges of Oxford, 14 
 
 K K 
 
498 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Collegiate School, St John's Wood, 333 
 Colonial Cadets, 189 
 Commercial Prizes, 477 
 Congregational College, Glasgow, 302 
 Control Department, 461 
 " Conway " School-Farigate, 201 
 Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 43 
 Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 18 
 Countess of Huntingdon's College, 300 
 Cowley College, Oxford, 371 
 Crystal Palace School, 338 
 
 Dental Surgery, 2117 
 
 Dental Surgery School, 251 
 
 Diocesan Schools, Ireland, joo 
 
 Ditchling Preparatory School, ^90 
 
 Dockyard Apprentices, 1198 
 
 Dollar Institution, 3ii2 
 
 Downing College, Cambridge, 3"i 
 
 Dover College, 373 
 
 Dr. Brown on the Medical Education of 
 
 Women, 435 
 Dr. Jervis's Address to Medical Students, 
 
 233 
 Dr. Simon on Good Schooling, 349 
 Dr. Temple upon Arts, Laws, and 
 
 Sciences, 116 
 DubUn University, 83 
 Dublin University Prizes, 86 
 DubUn High School, 397 
 Dulwich College, 331 
 Dungannon iRoyal School, 398 
 Durham University, 58 
 Durham University Scholarships, 59 
 Durham University Prizes, 60 
 Durham University Terms, 60 
 Durham University Degrees, 60 
 Durham University College, 62, 63 
 Durham University Fees, 63 
 Durham College Expenses, 63 
 
 Earl-Granville on Modem Instruction, 
 
 J74 
 Eail Granville on Examination of Female 
 
 Candidates, 411 
 Edinburgh University, 77 
 Edinburgh University Local Examinar 
 
 tions; 81 
 Edinburgh High School, 394 
 Edinburgh Medical Colleges, 253 
 Electric Telegraph School^, 399 
 Electric Telegraph Institution, 399 
 Elizabeth College, Guernsey, 376 
 Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 50 
 Endowed Schools, Bishop of Exeter on, 
 
 405 
 Engineering, Liverpool School, 359' 
 Engineering Students, Hints to, 360 
 Engineers' Examinations, 191 
 Engineer Students, 196 
 Enniskillen Royal School, 398 
 Epsom College, 363 
 Eton^pollege, 316 
 Examinations, Objections to Competiti\ e, 
 
 answered, 57 
 
 Excise Assistants, 156 
 Exeter College, Oxford, 15 
 
 Female Candidates, Encouragement to, 
 
 411 
 Female Medical College, 434 
 Female School of Art, 449 
 Fettes College, Edinburgh, 81 
 Fine Art Education, University College, 
 
 436 
 Forest Department of India, 168 
 Free Church of Scotland College, 301' 
 , Free Church of Scotland Normal Schools, 
 
 287 
 
 Glasgow University, 6g 
 
 Glasgow University Prizes, 70 
 
 Glasgow High School, 396 
 
 Glasgow Medical Colleges, 252 
 
 Gonviile and Caius College, Cambridge, 
 42 
 
 Government Appointments, Competitions 
 for, 152 
 
 Government Science and Art Depart- 
 ment, 134 * 
 
 Gray's Inn, 256 
 
 Greenwich H-ospital School, 189 
 
 Guy's Hospital, 245 
 
 Harrow School, 317 
 Hartley Institution, Southampton, 312 
 Haverfordwest College, 301 
 Hebrew Scholarship Prize, 475 
 Highland Agricultural Society, 269 
 High School of the Ewart Institute, 397 
 Home and Colonial School Society, 439 
 Hospitals, London, 527 
 Huddersfield College, 349 
 
 " Indefatigable " Training Ship, 204 
 
 Independent College, Taunton, 343 
 
 Indian Civil Service, 158 
 
 Indian Civil Engineering, 162 
 
 Indian Civil Engineering College, 164, 
 
 461 
 Indian Forest Department, l58 
 Indian Medical Department, 172 
 Indian Telegraph Department, 169, 469 
 Inner Temple, 256 
 International College, London, 332 
 Islington Proprietary School, 335 
 
 Jesus College, Cambridge, 45 
 Jesus College, Oxford, 19 
 
 Keble College, Oxford, 22 
 King's College, London, 126 
 King's College School, 127 
 King's College — Schools in Union, 1 28 
 King's College, Cambridge, 44 
 King's Hall and Brasenose College, 18 
 Icing's Inns, Ireland, 264 
 King William College, Isle of Man, 
 377 
 
INDEX. 
 
 499 
 
 lADiEs' Educational Association, 438 
 
 Lady Grey's Scholarships, 454 
 
 Lancing College, 289 
 
 Law Society, Incorporated, 263 
 
 Leeds Grammar School, 382 
 
 Legal Institutions, 256 
 
 Lincoln College, Oxford, 17 
 
 Lincoln's Inn, 256 
 
 Liverpool College, 352 
 
 Liverpool Institute, 354 
 
 Liverpool Queen's College, 357 
 
 Liverpool Royal Institution School, 362 
 
 Liverpool Ladies' Educational Society, 
 
 ,.457 
 
 Liverpool School of Engineering, 359 
 
 London Hospital, 242 
 
 London Suburban Academies of Music, 
 
 30s 
 London University, 103 
 London University College, 112 
 London University Examinations for 
 
 Ladies, 422 
 Lord Derby upon Art and Technical 
 
 Education, 390 
 Lord Houghton on Art Education for 
 
 Women, 451 
 Loughborough Grammar School, 381 
 Ludlow Grammar School, 383 
 
 Madras College, St. Andrews, 373 
 
 Magdalen College, Oxford, 17 
 
 Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 23 
 
 Magdalen College School, Oxford, 24 
 
 Magdalene College, Cambridge, 48 
 
 Malvern College, 371 
 
 Marine Engineering School, 145 
 
 Marines, Royal, 183 
 
 Marlborough College, 369 
 
 Masters and Mates' Examination, 191 
 
 Mechanics' Institutions, Bishop of 
 
 Exeter on, 405 
 Medical Department, India, 172 
 Medical Institutions, 208 
 Medical Schools, 218 
 Medical Students, Suggestions to, 230 
 Medical Students, Address to, by Dr. 
 
 Jervis, 233 
 Medical and Surgical Travelling Prizes, 
 
 477 
 Medical Education of Women, 433 
 Medical Scholarships for Women, 433 
 Merchant Taylors' School, 321 
 Merton College, Oxford, 15 
 Middle Temple, 256 
 Middlesex Hospital, 2Sa 
 Military Academy, Woolwich, 179 
 Mill Hill School, 385 
 Mines, Royal School of, 141 
 Mining, Importance of, 144 
 Modern Instruction, Earl Granville on, 
 
 374 
 Music, Royal Academy of, 303 
 Music, London Suburban Academies, 
 
 30s 
 
 National Society's Training Colleges, 
 
 272 
 " Nautilus " Training Ship, 200 
 Naval Cadets and Midshipmen, 185 
 Naval Architecture School, 145 
 Naval College, Royal, 183 
 Naval School, New Cross, 206 
 Navy Medical Department, 176 
 Navy Schoolmasters' Training Schools, 
 
 292 
 New College, Oxford, 16 
 New Inn Hall, Oxford, 23 
 Nonconformist Grammar School, 384 
 Normal Schools, 277 
 North London Collegiate School, 334 
 North London Collegiate School for 
 
 Girls, 455 
 Nurses, Institution for Training, 458 
 
 Oriel College, Oxford, 15 
 Oriental Linguistic Institution, 334 
 Otago University, New Zealand, 409 
 Owens College, Manchester, 351 
 Oxford University, i 
 Oxford University Degrees, 9, 10 
 Oxford University Terms, 9 
 Oxford University Examinations, 1 1 
 Oxford University Scholarships, 5, 445 
 Oxford University Prizes, 6 
 Oxford University Fees, 26 
 Oxford College Expenses, 26 
 Oxford Local Examinations, 29, 411 
 Oxford Local Centres, 32, 411 
 Oxford Professorships, i 
 
 Pembroke College, Cambridge, 41 
 Pembroke College, Oxford, 20 
 Perse Free Grammar School, 381 
 Pharmaceutical Society, 221 
 Pharmaceutical Apprentices, Hints to 
 
 Aid, 225 
 Philological School, 336 
 Physicians, Royal College of, 208 
 Physicians' Colleges of Ireland, 253 
 Polytechnic Institution, 311 
 Post Office Clerkships, 157 
 Post Office Telegraph Department, 462 
 Preceptors, College of, 278 
 Primitive Methodist School, 347 
 Princess of Wales's Art Scholarships, 
 
 449 
 Prizes, Influence of, 335 
 
 Queen Adelaide's Pupils, 454 
 Queen Elizabeth's School, 388 
 Queen's College, Cambridge, 44 
 Queen's College, Oxford, 16 
 Queen's College, London, 445 
 Queen's College, Liverpool, 357 
 Queen's College, Birmingham, 344 
 Queen's College, Belfast, 93 
 Queen's College, Cork, 94 
 Queen's College, Galway, 96 
 Queen's College for Ladies, 452 
 Queen's College School, 447 
 
500 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Queen's Scholarships, 445 
 Queen's University, Ireland, 90. 
 Queen's University Prizes, 92 
 
 Regent's Park College, 130 
 Rochester Grammar School, 383 
 RossaU School, 393 
 Royal Academy of Music, 303 
 Royal College of Chemistry, 148 
 Royal College of Science, Ireland, 150 
 Royal Polytechnic Institution, 311 
 Royal School of Mines, 141 
 Royal Schools, Ireland, 398 
 Royal Naval Female School, 453 
 Royal School for Daughters of Officers 
 
 of the Army, 455 
 Rugby School, 317 
 
 St. Aidam'S Theological College, 294 
 
 St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 23, 27 
 
 St. Andrew's University, 65 
 
 St. Andrew's University Prizes, 65 
 
 St. Andrew's College HaU, 68 
 
 St. Angustine's Missionary College, 296 
 
 St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 227 
 
 St. Bees Theological College, 295 
 
 St. Catherine's College, Cambridge, 45 
 
 St. Chad's College, Denstone, 348 
 
 St. Edmund's College, Ware, 348 
 
 St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 24, 28 
 
 St. George's Hospital, 244 
 
 St. John's College, Cambridge, 47 
 
 St. John's College, Oxford, 19 
 
 St. John's College, Hurslpierpoint, 290 
 
 St. John's College, Surrey, 339 
 
 St. John's Wood School, 333 
 
 St. Leonard's HaU, St. Andrews, 68 
 
 St. Mary HaU, Oxford, 22, 27 
 
 St. Mary's College, St. Andrews, 67 
 
 St. Mary's CoUege, Peckham Rye, 335 
 
 St. Michael's School, Bognor, 290 
 
 St. Nicholas' College, 289 
 
 St. Patrick's CoUege, Carlow, 102 
 
 St. Patrick's CoUege, Maynooth, 102 
 
 St. Paul's School, 320 
 
 St. Peter's CoUege, Cambridge, 40 
 
 St. Peter's College, Eaton Square, 129 
 
 St. Peter's CoUege, Westminster, 128 
 
 St. Saviour's School, Ardingly, 290 
 
 St. Saviour's Grammar School, 327 
 
 St; Thomas's Hospital, 231 
 
 St. Xavier College, DubUn, loi 
 
 Salisbury Theological CoUege> 293 
 
 Sandhurst Military CoUege, 183, 472 
 
 Schooling, object of good, 349 
 
 Schoolmasters, Scotland, Regulations for 
 
 Examination, 474 
 School Societies, 272 
 Schools and Classes connected with the 
 Government Art and Science Depart- 
 ment, 478 
 Schools in Union with the CoUege of 
 
 Preceptors, 467 
 Schools whose Pupils have gained 
 Certificates at the Oxford Local Exa- 
 minations, 463 
 
 Science and Art Department, 134 
 
 Science CoUege of Ireland, 156 
 
 Ships, List of Training, 206 
 
 Shrewsbury School, 378 
 
 Sidney Sussex CoUege, Cambridge, 50 
 
 Slade Schools of Art, 437 
 
 Society of Arts, 131 
 
 Society of Arts' Union of Institutions, 
 
 132 
 Society of Arts, Educational Institutions, 
 
 405 
 Society of Arts, Institutions in Union, 
 
 470 
 Society of Arts' Local Educational 
 
 Boards, 492 
 Society for Employment of Women, 458 
 Somerset CoUege, Bath, 366 
 Spring HiU CoUege, Birmingham, 346 
 Staff CoUege, 461 
 Stationers' School, 330 
 Stepney Grammar School, 328 
 Surgeons' CoUege of Ireland, 254 
 Surgeons, Royad College of, 210 
 Surrey County School, 388 
 
 Teachers, CoUeges for, 272 
 
 Teachers, Influence of, 386 
 
 Technical Education, Importance of, 390 
 
 Telegraph Department, Indian, 169 
 
 Theological CoUeges, 293 
 
 Tipperary Royal School, 398 
 
 Tonbridge School, 329 
 
 Tonic Sol-fa CoUege, 306 
 
 Tower HiU Grammar School, 328 
 
 Trained Nurses, 458 
 
 Training CoUeges for Teachers, 272 
 
 Training Schools, Army, 291 
 
 Training Schools, Navy, 292 
 
 Training Ships, 199 
 
 Training Ships, discipUne on board, 205 
 
 Training Institutions coimected witii tlie 
 
 National Society, 475 
 Trinity CoUege, Cambridge, 49 
 Trinity CoUege, Oxford, 19 
 Trinity CoUege, Dublin, 89 
 Trinity CoUege, Perthshire, 82 
 Trinity HaU, Cambridge, 43 
 Tudor HaU Ladies' CoUege, 450 
 Turners' Annual Prize, 476 
 Twining Scholarship, 446 
 
 Unattached Students, Oxford, 25, 28 
 Unattached Students, Cambridge, 51 
 Unattached Students, Durham, 62 
 United CoUege, St. Andrews, 66 
 University of Oxford, I 
 University of Cambridge, 33 
 University of Durham, 58 
 University of St. Andrews, 65 
 University of Glasgow, 69 
 University of Aberdeen, 75 
 University of Edinburgh, 77 
 University of Dublin, 83 
 University (Queen's), Ireland, 91 
 University (CathoUc), Ireland, 97 
 
INDEX. 
 
 University of London, 103 
 University Local Examination, Ireland, 97 
 University College, Oxford, 14 . 
 University College, London, 112, 436 
 University College School, 121 
 University College Lectures and Fees, 
 
 476 
 University Hall, Glasgow, 74 
 University of Otago, 409 
 
 Veterinary College, London, 254 
 Veterinary College, Edinburgh, 255 
 Victoria College, Jersey, 375 
 Victualling Yard Apprentices, 198 
 
 Wadham College, Oxford, 20 
 "Warren Scholarship, 454 
 
 Watt Institution, Edinburgh, 311 
 "Wellington College, 362 
 "Wesley College, Sheffield, 339 
 "Wesleyan Collegiate Institution, 342 
 "Western College, Plyinouth, 341 
 Westminster Hospital, 241 
 "Whitechapel Foundation School, 329 
 "Whitelands Training Institution, 443 
 Whitworth Scholarships, 146 
 Wilton College, 450 
 Winchester College, 319 
 Woolwich Royal Military Academy, 179 
 Worcester College, Oxford, 2 1 
 "Worcester" Training Ship, 199 
 Words of Encouragement, 124 
 Working Men's College, 309 
 Working Men's College, S. London, 310 
 Writers, Government, 155 
 
 •PRINCIPAL SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, 
 AND PRIZES. 
 
 Adam de Brome's Exhibitions, 16 
 Agricultural Prizes, 269 
 Agricultural Scholarships, 268 
 Anatomical Prize, 239 
 Andrews Prizes, 113 
 Arnold Historical, 8 
 Art Scholarships, 437, 439, 449 
 Atkinson-Morley Medical, 115 
 
 Barnes Biblical, 21 
 
 Baron Audley Scholarships, 48 
 
 Baron Truro's Prize, 321 
 
 Beaufoy Scholarships, 327 
 
 Bedford College Female Scholarships, 
 
 448 
 Bedford Grammar School Exhibitions, 
 
 387 
 
 Birkenhead School Exhibitions, 392 
 
 Bishop Stortford High School Scholar- 
 ships, 385 
 
 Blackheath School Scholarships, 338 
 
 Boden Sanscrit, 6 
 
 Botfield's Exhibition, 317 
 
 Boulter Scholarship, 21 
 
 Bousfield Exhibition, 386 
 
 Breadalbane Science, 71 
 
 Brighton CoUege Scholarships, 367 
 
 Brown Medical Exhibition, 245 
 
 Brown Scholarships, 331 
 
 Browne ClassicJd, 35 
 
 Burdett Coutts Theology, 7 
 
 Cambridge Exhibition for Females, 412 
 
 Carpenter Scholarships, 325 
 
 Casberd Scholarships, 19 
 
 Chadwick Medical, 241 
 
 Charter House School Scholarships, 326 
 
 Cheltenham CoUege Scholarships, 379 
 Cheltenham Grammar School Exhibition, 
 
 380 
 Chichele International Law, 17 
 Christ's College Brecknock Prizes, 373 
 City of London Scholarships, 325 
 Clifton College Scholarships, 368 
 Clinical Prizes, 250 
 Conolly Medicine, 100 
 Conolly Science, 100 
 Craven Greek and Latin, 5 
 Crosse Theological, 36 
 
 Davies Classical, 35 
 Dean Ireland's Classics, 5 
 Denyer Theolog^, 7 
 Divinity Studentship, 47 
 Dobson Scholarship, 379 
 Downing Scholarships, 5 1 
 Dr. Anc&ew's Exhibitions, 322 
 Dr. Muir's Hebrew, 71, 475 
 Dr. Stuart's Exhibitions, 322 
 Duke of Cornwall's Mining, 143 
 Dulwich College Scholarships, 332 
 
 Eari Spencer's Exhibition, 317 
 Eglesfield Exhibitions, 16 
 Eldon Law, 5 
 
 EUzabeth CoUege Exhibitions, 376 
 EUerton Hebrew, 6 
 Engineering Exhibitions, 92, 95 
 Epsom CoUege Medical, 249 
 Eton Newcastle Scholarship, 317 
 
 Ferguson Scholarships, 71 
 Filiter Pathological, 115 
 Ford Studentship, 389 
 
502 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Free Church of Scotland Educational 
 
 Scholarships, 288 
 Fullerton Scholarships, 75 
 
 GOLDING Medical, 249 
 
 Goldsmiths' Company Scholarship, 326 
 
 Gray Scholarships, 75 
 
 Gregory's Exhibitions, 317 
 
 Grocers' Company Scholarships, 326 
 
 Guthrie Scholarship, 368 
 
 Hale Testimonial Scholarship, 325 
 
 Hare Exhibitioners, 47 
 
 Harrow Scholarships, 317 
 
 Hastings Exhibitions, 382 
 
 Havelock Exhibition, 327 
 
 Hebrew Prize (Dr. Huir's), 71, 475 
 
 Henny Scholarship, 21 
 
 Hertford Latin, 7 
 
 Hodgson Scholarship, 33 1 
 
 Hody Hebrew and Greek, 20 
 
 Holt Scholarship, 354 
 
 Huddersfield College Exhibitions, 349 
 
 Hume Political Economy, 113 
 
 Isaac Williams Memorial, 22 
 Islington Scholarships, 336 
 
 Jacob Bell Pharmacy, 221 
 
 Jeaffreson Exhibition, 228 
 
 Jews' Commemoration Scholarships, 1 13, 
 
 325 
 Johnson Mathematical, 6 
 Johnson Meteorological, 8 
 Johnson Theological, 7 
 
 Keen's Scholarship, 321 
 
 Kennicott Hebrew, 6 
 
 King's Classics and Mathematics, 44 . 
 
 King WiUiara's College Exhibitions, 377 
 
 Laing Girls' Scholarships, 455 
 
 Lambert Jones Scholarship, 326 
 
 Law Studentships, 47 
 
 Leeds Grammar School Exhibitions, 382 
 
 Lightfoot History, 36 
 
 Liverpool Institute Scholarships, 354 
 
 Liverpool Queen's College Scholarships, 
 
 358 
 
 Llewellyn Medical, 249 
 
 Loughborough Grammar School Exhi- 
 bitions, 382 
 
 Ludlow Grammar School Exhibition, 
 
 383 
 Lyon's Scholarships, 317 
 
 Maingay Scholarship, 376 
 Malvern College Scholarships, 37 1 
 Marine Engineering, 145 
 Marlborough College Scholarships, 370 
 Marquis of Lothian's Historical, 9 
 Marshall Exhibition, 327 
 Martin's Exliibition, 389 
 Masterraan Scholarship, 326 
 Medical Scholarships, 323, 326, 345 
 
 Medical Junior, 228 
 
 Medical Senior, 228 
 
 Medical Travelling Prizes, 477 
 
 Medical Scholarships for Women, 433 
 
 Mercantile Prizes, 477 
 
 Merchant Taylors' School Scholarships, 
 
 322 
 Mildmay Scholarships, 50 
 Mill Hill School Scholarships, 386 
 Milner Scholarships, 382 
 Moir Scholarships, 75 
 Mortimer Natural Science, 325 
 Murray Scholarship, 75 
 
 Natural Science Scholarship, 41, 47 
 Natural Science Prizes, 239 
 Naval Architectiure, 145 
 Neeld's Exhibitions, 317 
 Nonconformist School Exhibitions, 384 
 
 Owens College Scholarships, 351 
 
 Parker Mathematical Exhibition, 322 
 Parry de Winton Exhibition, 373 
 Pathological Prize, 239 
 Pemberton Scholarships, 62 
 Pemberton Exhibitions, 389 
 Philological School Scholarships, 337 
 Pitt Club Exhibitions, 323 
 Potter Musical Exhibition, 304 
 Princess of Wales's Art Scholarships, 449 
 Puzey Hebrew, 6 
 
 Queen Elizabeth's SchoolExhibitions, 
 
 389 
 Queen's College Female Scholarships, 
 
 445 
 Queen's Exhibitions and Prizes, 375, 376 
 Queen's Historical Prize, 318 
 
 Radcltffe Travelling, 5 
 
 Radcliffe Scholarship, 21 
 
 Ricardo Scholarships, 113 
 
 Rochester Cathedral School Exhibitions, 
 
 383 
 
 Rossall School Exhibitions, 393 
 
 Rothschild Scholarship, 326 
 
 Royal Mining Exhibitions, 143 
 
 Royal Scholarships, 398 
 
 Royal Exhibitions, 136 
 
 Royal Science, Ireland, 150 
 
 Royal Naval Female School Scholar- 
 ships, 454 
 
 Rugby Scholarships, 318 
 
 St. Augustine's Missionary, 297 
 St. Paul's School Exhibitions, 321 
 St. Saviour's Grammar School Exhibi- 
 tions, 327 
 Salomon's Scholarships, 325 
 Sandford Greek, 71 
 Sands Cox Medical Prize, 345 
 Sayer's Exliibitions, 317 
 Scotch Legal, 43 
 
INDEX. 
 
 503 
 
 Shaw Phflosophical, 76 
 
 Sheepshanks Astronomical, 36 
 
 Shrewsbury School Exhibitions, 378 
 
 Simpson Prizes, 75 
 
 Sir C. M. Clarke's Milton Prize, 321 
 
 Sir Francis Lycett Scholarships, 341 
 
 Slade Art Scholarships, 437 
 
 Snell Exhibitions, 71 
 
 Stationers' School Scholarships, 330 
 
 Stepney Grammar School Scholarships, 
 
 328 
 Surgical Prize, 210 
 Suney County School Scholarships, 388 
 
 Talbot Memorial Scholarships, 327 
 
 Tancred Medical, 42 
 
 Taylor Philology and Literature, 7 
 
 Taylor Scholarships, s i 
 
 Tegg Scholarship, 325 
 
 Times Testimonial Scholarship, 326 
 
 Tite Scholarships, 232, 325 
 
 Tonbridge School Exhibitions, 329 
 
 Travers Scholarship, 326 
 
 Trinity Scholarships, 49 
 
 Trinity College StudentsMps, 86 
 Turners' Company Prize, 476 
 Tyrwhitt Hebrew, 35 
 
 University Local Examinations, 21, 29, 
 54 
 
 Van Mildert Theological, 59 
 Veterinary Bursary, 256 
 Victoria College Prizes, 375 
 Vinerian English Law, 5 
 
 Waddington Classical, 35 
 Wakeford Attree Scholarship, 368 
 Warneford Medical Scholarships, 345 
 Wellington College Scholarships, 363 
 Wesleyan Institution Scholarships, 343 
 Westmoreland Musical Scholarship, 304 
 Whewell International Law, 36 
 Whitworth Scholarships, 136, 146, 315 
 Winchester Open Exhibitions, 319 
 Wodelarlce Classical and Mathematical, 45 
 
 Yates Exhibition, 354 
 
 PRIVILEGED SCHOLARSHIPS AND PRIZES. 
 
 Abergavenny Grammar School, 20 
 Abingdon School, 21 
 Agricultural College, Cirencester, 268 
 Appleby School, 16 
 Applethwaite School, 48 
 Armagh Royal School, 86, 398 
 Army Officers, Daughters of, 455, 457 
 Ashby-de-la-Zouch School, 50 
 Australia, Theological Students proceed- 
 ing to, 298 
 Aylsham School, 44 
 
 Bangor Grammar School, 20 
 
 Beauniaris Grammar School, 20 
 
 Bishop Stortford District, 384 • 
 
 Blackrode School, 42 
 
 Boroughof Southwark, Natives of, 327 
 
 Bottwnnogg Grammar School, 20* 
 
 Bowes Free School, 42 
 
 Bowness School, 48 
 
 Bromsgrove School, 48 
 
 Bristol School, 19 
 
 Buckingham, Natives of, 1 7 
 
 Bury St. Edmund's School, 48 
 
 Canterbury School, 44 
 Canterbury Free School, 44 
 Carlisle Schools, 16 
 Catholic Priesthood, 102 
 Catholic Students, 100 
 Cavan Royal School, 86, 398 
 Channel Islands, Natives of, 15 
 Charing Cross Hospital, 249 
 Charterhouse School, 21 
 
 Cheltenham School, 21 
 Chipping-Camden School, 21 
 Christ's Hospital Pupils, 323 
 Clergymen, Sons of, 7, 18, 21, 41, 43, 45, 
 
 SI. 321 
 
 Clergymen's Sons of Carlisle, 16 
 Clergymen's Sons of Durham, 59 
 Clergymen's Orphans, 45, 298 
 Colman, Name of, 44 
 Cowbridge Grammar School, 20 
 Coventry School, 19 
 Cumberland, Natives of, 16 
 
 Dedham School, 48, 51 
 Derby School, 50 
 Devonshire Schools, 23 
 Dissenting Ministers, 70 
 Divinity Studentships, 46, 47 
 Dorsetshire Schools, 23 
 DubUn University, 86 
 Dungannon Royal School, 86, 398 
 Durham Diocese, 59 
 Durham School, 48, 50, 59 
 Durham University College, 59, 62 
 
 Elizabeth College, Guernsey, 15, 20, 21 
 EnniskiUen Royal School, 86, 398 
 Eton College, 15, 21, 44 
 Eton College Estates, 316 
 Exeter, Diocese of, 15 
 Exeter School, 48 
 
 Fettes College, 82 
 
£04 
 
 GiGGLESWICK School, 46 
 Glasgow University, 14 
 Glasgow College, 71 
 Gloucester School, 21 
 Grantham Schools, 48 
 Guernsey, Natives of, 19, 21, 376 
 Guy's Hospital, 248 
 
 Halifax School, 48 
 Harrow School, 42 
 Hereford School, 18, 47 
 Heversham School, 16, 48 
 Hoddesdon School, 48 
 Hull School, 41 
 
 Irish Language, 86 
 
 Isle of Man, Natives of, 377 
 
 Jersey, Natives of, 19, 21 
 
 Kendal School, 16 
 
 King's College, Schools in Union, 128 
 
 Kirkby Lonsdale School, 16, 46 
 
 Lancashire, Natives of, 45 
 Law Studentships, 43, 47 
 Leeds School, 48 
 Lincoln Archdeaconry, 15 
 Loughborough School, 45 
 Ludlow School, 15 
 Ludlow District, 383 
 Lynn School, 49 
 
 Maidstone Grammar School, 14 
 Manchester School, 18 
 Marlborough School, 18, 47 
 Merchant Taylors' School, 19, 323 
 Middlesex, Natives of, 16 
 Middlesex Hospital, 250 
 Monmouthshire, Natives of, 20 
 
 Naval Officers, Danghteis of, 454 
 Newcastle School, 50 
 New College Students, 386 
 Normanton Grammar Scliool, 14 
 Northleach School, 21 
 Norwich School, 44 
 Nottingham Archdeaconry, 15 
 Nottinghamshire, Natives of, 45 
 
 Oakham School, 41, 48, 50, 51 
 Orphans, 45 
 Oundle School, 48 
 
 Penrith Schools, 16 
 Peterborough School, 48 
 Peterborough Diocese, 297 
 Pharmaceutical Students, 221 
 Pocklington School, 48 
 Podmore, name of, 49 
 Pontefi-act Grammar School, 14 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Poor of Camberwell, Bishopsgate, Fins- 
 bury, and Southwark, 352 
 Protestant Students, 71 
 
 Queen's Colleges, Ireland, 92 
 
 Reading School, 19 
 Richmond Grammar School, 59 
 Rochester Grammar School, 14 
 Rugby District, 317 
 
 St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 228 
 
 St. Bees School, 16 
 
 St. George's Hospital, 244 
 
 St. Mary's Hospital, 238 
 
 St. Paul's School, 44, 49, 323 
 
 St. Peter's College, Westminster, 128 
 
 St. Saviour's Grammar School, 328 
 
 St. Thomas's Hospital, 232 
 
 Scotland, Natives of, 14, 71 
 
 Sedbergh School, 46, 47 
 
 Seven Oaks School, 45 
 
 Shrewsbury Scliool, 17, 47, 48, 49 
 
 Shropshire, Natives of, 48, 49 
 
 Skipton School, 46 
 
 Somersetshire Schools, 23 
 
 Son of a Medical Practitioner in Bath, 232 
 
 Sons of Poor Clergymen, 290 
 
 Sons of OflBcers in the Navy or the 
 
 Marines, 207 
 South Britain, Natives of, 70 
 Staffordshire, Natives of, 19, 21 
 Sutton Foundationers, 21 
 Sutton Valence School, 48 
 
 Tipperary Royal School, 398 
 Tiverton, Blundell's .School, 14 
 Tiverton School, 51 
 Truro Schools, 15 
 Tunbridge School, 19, 45 
 
 Undermillbeck School, 48 
 Uppingham School, 41, 48, $0, 51 
 
 Victoria College, Jersey, 15, 20, 21 
 
 "Wakefield Grammar School, 14, 41 
 Wales, Natives of, 20 
 Wellington College Pupils, 363 
 Westminster Hospital, 242 
 Westminster School, 19, 44, 48, 49 
 Westmoreland, Natives of, 16 
 Whitehaven, Natives of, i6 
 Winchester College, 17, 19 
 Winchester College Pupils, 319 
 Wisbeach School, 48 
 Worcester Cathedral School, 23 
 Worcester Diocese, 297 
 Wymondham School, 44 
 
 Yorkshire, Natives of, 21, 59 
 Yorkshire Schools, 16 
 
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