Ll90a CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY --S f Cornell University Library HE5894 A3 1908 + Express business in the United States. 1 ^ 3 1924 030 132 066 olin Overs iPARTMEHT-^ COMMERCE BURfiftfi^F THE CENSUS rKm DIRECTOR ^Ir ^ SPECIAL .RBF0RTS "^^ EXPRESS BUSI^iSS W: T UNlTEti' StAti= 19a -9^^ T, «; -fl,-*^ -/-^ -%« v-c>l:-' C^^^SFHKdLTON PE^fMEKt "^PRI^IXmO t>¥P[m XV* 49M? »JU- •■••••■i^-fWW""^ ■^ «M.^"'\ 1 |1 I I 1 ■V x^ Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030132066 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR ^s,-^ BUREAU OF THE CENSUS S. N. D. NORTH, DIRECTOR SPECIAL REPORTS EXPRESS BUSINESS IN THE UNITED STATES 1907 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1908 J ( fnr:/, lie: /f'^? fU3X>prJ CONTENTS. Page. Table 1. — Comparative summary — express companies: 1907 and 1890 _ 8 Table 2. — Amount and character of mileage operated by the several express companies: 1907 9 Table 3. — Mileage of six leading express companies and of all other express companies: 1907 and 1890 10 Table 4. — Amount and character of express mileage, by states, territories, and geographic divisions: 1907 11 Table 5. — Express mileage of companies operating in more than one state, by states, territories, and geographic divisions: 1907 12 Table 6. — Express mileage of companies operating in but one state or territory: 1907 ' 14 Table 7. — Employees, salaries, and wages: 1907 14 Table 8. — Express equipment and fixtures, and values: 1907 and 1890 14 Table 9.— Financial paper issued by express companies: 1907 15 Table 10. — Number of money orders issued by express companies: 1907 and 1890 15 Table 11. — Capitalization of express companies: 1907 15 Table 12. — Income account — all companies and six leading companies: 1907 1 16 Table 13.— Expenditures: 1907 and 1890 ■. 16 Table 14. — Balance sheet — all companies and six leading companies: 1907 17 Table 15. — Organization of express companies: 1907 18 Table 16. — Holdings of railway companies in the stock of express companies, June 30, 1906 19 Table 17.— Holdings by express companies in the stock of railway companies, June 30, 1906 19 Table 18.— Holdings of express companies in the stock of express companies, June 30, 1906 20 Table 19. — Holdings by express companies in the funded debt of railway companies, June 30, 1906 20 Graduated charges 21 General special rates 22 (3) LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR, Bureau of the Census, WasUngton, D. C, October 30, 1908. Sie: I have the honor to transmit herewith a report containing the results of the census of express business, which was taken in conformity with section 7 of the act of Congress of March 6, 1902, as amended by act of June 7, 1906. This report covers the fiscal year ending June 30, 1907, and has been prepared under the supervision of Mr. William M. Steuart, chief statistician for manufactures, by Mr. Russell H. Snead, special examiner of the Interstate Commerce Commission, who was appointed for the purpose as a special agent of the Bureau of the Census. The act of Congress to regulate commerce, as amended June 29, 1906, extends the jurisdiction of the Inter- state Commerce Commission to express companies, and the Commission has been engaged in devising a system of uniform accounts to be adopted by such companies. At the time arrangements were being made for the census, however, this system of accounts had not been perfected. It was deemed inadvisable to formulate a schedule for the census which would probably not agree with the schedule which would be used by the Interstate Commerce Commission during the following year, and for this reason, after consultation with the representatives of the Commission and a number of the principal express companies, the Census Office decided to use a simple form of schedule and to make the census in cooperation with the Interstate Commerce Commission. This arrangement has enabled the Interstate Commerce Commission to collect the statistics required for the census, and at the same time to obtain information concerning the methods of business and of accounting followed by the express companies, which will be of great assistance to it in its future work. Very respectfully. Hon. OscAK S. Straus, Secretary of Commerce and Labor. (5) EXPRESS BUSINESS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1907. By Russell H. Snead, Specpal Agent. This report gives the results of the second census of the express business, presenting statistics for the year 1907. The census was taken in accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress of June 7, 1906. It covers only those express companies which forward freight and valuables over some steam, electric, water, or stage line, and which do business in more than one town. Although some of the larger companies are extensively engaged in the expiess business in Canada and Europe, the statistics here presented practically relate only to the business done within continental United States, Porto Rico, Ala^a, and Hawaii. The American companies operating in Canada were able to segregate all data except those relating to income and expenditures, and the 2 Canadian companies reported only business done in this countr}-. So far as known no local express company operates in the Philippines. The report from the Adams Express Company includes the statistics of the Dodd and Childs Express, Dunlap's Express, Earle and Prew's Express, the New England Express, and the New York and Boston Despatch Express companies; while the American Express Company's report includes the operations of Jackson and Company's Express and of the east- ern and western departments of the National Express Company, the smaller companies being operated as departments of the controlling companies. Earle and Prew and the New York and Boston Despatch Express Company made separate returns at the cen- sus of 1890. The express business is commonly believed to have had its origin in 1839, when William F. Harnden, vahse in hand, made four trips weekly between New York and Boston carrying valuables and small pack- ages for his customers.' One company which is still in operation, Davenport & Mason, reports, however, that it dates back to 1836, when on the opening of the railroad between Taunton and Boston in July, 1836, Charles Davenport and N. S. Mason engaged in the business, covering the line between the' points named. ' Stimson's Express History. 57929—08 2 At all events, the express business made its appear- ance at about the same time as the railroad, and is the successor of the old time stage driver, who was often employed to make personal delivery of articles intrusted to his care for persons living along his route. The express busiaess seemed to meet a growing need, and in a few years a number of companies were engaged in it, with varying degrees of success. All these companies were doing business in a small way until the formation of the American Express Com- pany in 1850, followed by the organization of the United States and Adams Express companies in 1854. These years may be said to mark the beginning of the peculiarly American institution which plays so impor- tant a part in the transportation service of the country to-day. Its history has been one of rapid develop- ment and growth. It has made for its own a field that is partly occupied in European countries by the "parcels post" and the fast freight service combined. The word "partly" is used advisedly, for in addition to performing all the functions that are performed by the European parcels post and the fast freight lines it also performs a variety of other offices that are not attempted by any other agency connected with the transportation business. It has been stated by an eminent authority on the subject that an express company purchases the right of transportation at wholesale and sells it at retail to the public' But in addition it has many other func- tions, closely related, however, to the primary one just stated. Through its order and commission department an express company will purchase goods for customers at any store in any town or city where it has an agency. It will file legal documents, redeem pawned articles, and issue money orders and letters of credit that are payable through its correspondents all over the world. It wiU enter and clear at custom-houses any desired articles of import and export, transport goods in bond to any desired port of entrj' exchange foreign money, pay gas bills, and, in short, will attend to any legitimate business transaction as the customer's ^ One Hundred Years of American Commerce, Vol. I, page ]40. (7) 8 EXPRESS BUSINESS. agent. To such an extent has the business entered into the commercial life of the United States that it may be said that there is hardly a town or village not reached by an express service in some manner, either by railroad, steamboat, or stage line. Through its agency the mining camp of the West receives the fruit and vegetables of the South, and the residents of San Francisco can have New York and Baltimore oysters daily, in the season. No shipment is too small and none too large for an express company to undertake its transportation. Ever on the alert to extend its business, long before the railroad reached a new section of the country, an express company would have an estabhshed service by means of stage or pack animal. Indeed, no more romantic or interesting figures are to be found in the history of the West than the "pony express riders," who carried letters and valuables across half a conti- nent. It has been said by a prominent expressman that the express business is eminently one of detail, and it is through strict attention to detail and thorough organization, rather than through expensive plants and the investment of large sums of money, that the business has grown to such enormous proportions. Indeed, in ho other business is it probable that so lit- tle money, comparatively, is invested where the gross receipts are so large. The equipment and contracts with carriers are the valuable factors in the business. The usual contract made by an express company with a railway company provides that the railway company shaU furnish the necessary cars, heat and Hght them, haul them over its Knes, together with the employees of the express company necessary to care for the traffic en route. At stations the railway com- pany permits its employees to act as employees of the express company also, with certain restrictions, and permits the use of station facilities by the express company. The express company on its part assumes all risk for damage to express matter and all liability for injury to its employees, and agrees to pay the railway com- pany a fixed per cent of its gross earnings, with a guaranteed minimum amount. It was formerly the custom to make the contracts upon a tonnage basis, but the gross earnings plan is now in general use. After deducting the amounts paid carriers for express privileges, the remainder is available for payment of all expenses of operation, interest, taxes, dividends, etc. The act of Congress providing for the census of 1880 contained a provision for the collection of statistics from the express companies of the country, and a schedule of inquiry was framed with that end in view. The effort to secure reports, however, resulted in failure from the start, as only 2 companies of the entire number engaged in the business made returns; the others held that the census law was inadequate and that they did not come within its requirements, and therefore decHned to report. No attempt was made by the Census Office to enforce the provisions of the law in this respect, and the inquiry was dropped. However, there was considerable information pub- hshed in the report on railroads at that census in regard to the agreements or contracts between the railroads and express companies. The first report on express business was made at the census of 1890, and covered the fiscal year ending June 30 of that year. While a few of the reports made at the present census cover the calendar year, the majority cover the fiscal year ending June 30, 1907. Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY— EXPRESS COMPANIES: 1907 AND 1890. Number of companies _ 34 Total express mileage operated over alllines 1 235, 903 Mileage operated over railroads - 2 216, 973 Mileage operated over water lines 17, 796 Mileage operated over stage lines - ^,134 Value of equipment and fixtures ^§9,641,443 Number of employees *■ 79, 284 Expenditures ; ' «15, 033, 204 Receipts 1 S128, 117, 176 Number of money orders issued I ^0 14, 014, 960 1907 1890 18 174, 059 160,122 10,882 3,055 $6,074,045 45, 718 8845,783,123 (»1 " 4, 598, 567 Increase. 1 In all other tables fractions of miles are showTi. 2 Includes 2,204 miles operated over electric roads, ' Includes 16 miles not classified. ^ Decrease. & Eleven companies, ope.ating 636.75 miles, made no report. *■ Seven companies, operating 480.57 miles, made no report. ' Six companies, operating 320.57 miles, made no report and 2, operating 719.20 miles, made only partial reports. 8 Four companies, operating 718.78 miles, made only partial reports. » Not reported in 1890. 10 Only 13 companies issued money orders in 1907. " Only 6 companies issued money orders in 1890. Per cent of increase. 16 61,844 56,851 6,914 U,921 $4,567,398 33, 566 869,260.081 9,416,393 35.5 35.5 63.5 162.9 90.0 73.4 151.3 204.8 MILEAGE. 9 In addition to the 174,059 express mileage shown for 1890, a mileage of 475.18 operated in Canada was reported, which, for comparative purposes, is omitted from all tables in this report. The number of express companies reported as operating in 1907 is nearly double that reported in 1890. Of the 18 companies which made reports at the earlier census, only 10 were in existence in 1907 and reported under the same name. The remaining 8 companies have gone out of business, or have been absorbed by other companies, or else are operating under other names. The total express mileage operated in 1907 exceeded that operated in 1890 by 61,844 miles, or 35.5 per cent. Both the mileage operated over railroads and that operated over water lines show a large increase, but this is only natural, as the express business keeps pace with increased railroad and steamboat mileage. The decrease in stage line mileage is due to the abandon- ment of such lines because of the construction of railroads into territory hitherto accessible only by stage. The value of equipment and fixtures has almost doubled since 1890, and the expenditures in 1907 were over twice as great as in 1890. As the receipts were not reported at the census of 1890, no comparison can be made of the value of business done. The number of money orders issued during 1907 was over three times as large as the number issued during 1890, a fact which indicates the increased use by the public of this means of transferring money. Any differences existing between steam road mileage as reported to the Interstate Commerce Commission and that shown in this report are due to the fact that in many instances no express business is operated over industrial railroads, such as coal, logging, and switch- ing roads, and that in some instances two or more express companies operate over the same railroad mileage. Express business is conducted upon prac- tically the entire railway mileage in the United States. Table 2.— AMOUNT AND CHARACTER OF MILEAGE OPERATED BY THE SEVERAL EXPRESS COMPANIES: 1907. EXPRESS MILEAGE OPERATED. COMPANY. Total. j Steam j road. Electric road. Steamboat. Sta^.i 236,903.14 214,769.21 2,204.14 17, 795. 74 Adams Express Co . 34, 862. 00 7,550.40 42,361.01 17.60 257.00 43.70 256.00 49.12 66.00 1,893.64 6,308.26 437.00 24.00 392. 00 157. 00 1,241.94 6, 240. 63 71.53 23,661.50 "180.00 51.00 44.13 41.42 31.434.00 170. 84 24.21 IfiO.OO 30,101.61 26.26 46.42 29.81 43,914.61 327.20 3,461.60 30,679.00 20.40 39,541.22 17.60 267.00 43.70 75.00 31.00 4,086.00 2 7,630.00 2,416.60 66 00 Alaska Pacific Express Co 353.36 Cairo and Kanawha Railway Cc.-i Canadian Express Co.*J Davenport & Mason 181.00 Eleotno Express Co 49.12 Farmers' Grain and Slupping Co.-* 66.00 1,893.64 6, 172. 26 76.00 24.00 392. 00 157. 00 943. 94 5,886.53 71.53 22,742.00 180.00 51.00 Globe Express Co Great Northern Express Co.* 136. 00 361. 00 Hatch Express Co Hoosac Tunnel and Wilmington R. E.4 ' Long Island Express ' National Express Co.s 6.00 8.00 292.00 327. 00 Northern Express Co 20.00 Pacilic Coast Express Co Pacific Express Co.s 223. 50 696.00 Porto Rican Express Co Richrnnnri'.i Ti^Trnress Rochester and Eastern Electric Express " 44.13 41.42 Rochester and Sodus Bay Electric Express " Southern Express Co 30,692.00 170. 84 842. 00 Southern Indiana Express Co Syracuse Rapid Tran.sit Co.^ 24.21 Texas Mexican Railway Co < 160.00 29,303.43 26.26 United States Express C0.12 _ 176. 81 621. 37 United Verde and Pacific Ry. Co.< Utioa and Mohawk Valley Ry. Co.* 46.42 Webster Springs Express Co." 29.81 41,567.05 237.60 3, 403. 60 WeUs, Fargo & Co. Express" 1,062.47 89.70 48.00 298. 87 996. 12 West Jersey Express Co .15 Western Express Co 8.00 2.00 ' Includes 15.93 miles not assignable. 2 During the winter 380 miles of river mileage is covered by sleds on tlie ice. 3 Also operates over 1,396.93 miles in Canada. < Department of the railway comjjany. 5 Also operates extensive mileage in Canada. « Also has mileage in Canada. ^ Department of the Long Island R. R. Co. 8 Also operates 80.16 miles in Canada. 3 Also operates over 189 miles in Canada. 1" Department of the Rochester and Eastern Rapid Ry. Co. n Department of the Rochester and Sodus Bay By. Co. 12 Also operates over 216.10 miles in Canada. "Department of the West Virginia Midland R. R. Co. 1^ Also operates about 6,000 miles in Mexico. IS Department of the West Jersey and Seashore R. R. Co. 10 EXPRESS BUSINESS. Of the total mileage, 91 per cent is operated over steam railroads, 7.5 over steamboat lines, nine-tenths of 1 per cent over electric roads, and five-tenths of 1 per cent over stage lines. Although the figures in Table 2 indicate that some of the larger express companies are beginning to recog- nize the growing importance of the electric road as a means of transportation, these figures fail to show the extent to which this method of transportation is now being used in the express business. This failure is due to the fact that in many parts of the country, especially in some of the New England and middle Western states, suburban and interurban electric roads do a large express business in connection with passenger and freight traffic, yet figures concerning such express business in most instances had to be omitted because it was impossible to obtain a segregation of the express from the freight business. Only 14 of the companies reporting at the present census use electric roads for express transportation, and of these, 5, operating 205.30 miles, use such roads exclusively. The increase in steamboat mileage of 6,913.74 miles, or 63.5 per cent, in 1907 over 1890 is to a very large extent due to the operations of the Alaska Pacific Express Company, which does business be- tween Seattle, Wash., and Alaska, and on the Alaskan rivers. In connection with steamboat mileage it should be understood that, except in the case of the Alaska Pacific Express Company, ocean mileage beyond the 3-mile limit is practically excluded. In 1907 as in 1890 the express business was domi- nated by the following 6 companies : Adams, American, Pacific, Southern, United States, and Wells, Fargo &Co. In the amount of mileage operated in 1907, Wells, Fargo & Co. Express leads, with the American Express Company a close second. Adams Express Company is third, Southern Express Compam' fourth, United States Express Company fifth, and Pacific Express Company sixth. The extent to which these com- panies dominate the express business of the country can readily be seen by a study of Table 3. Table 3. — Mileage of six leading express companies and of all other express companies: 1907 and 1890. 1907 1890 Number. Percent. Number. Percent. Total 235,903.14 100.0 174,0.W.33 100.0 Six leadiDC coTnDanies.. 206,334.63 29,568.51 87.5 12.6 161,267.32 12,792.01 92.7 7 3 In 1890 the mileage operated by the 6 leading com- panies was 92.7 per cent of the total operated by all companies. In 1907 the corresponding percentage was but 87.5. This decrease in the percentage is accounted for by the increased mileage which is oper- ated by the larger number of small companies and departments of railroads, and the inclusion at the present census of mileage operated in Alaska and Porto Rico, which territories have been opened to the express business since 1890. Mileage not assignable to any state or territory con- sists of coastwise, river, and lake mileage not wholly within the boundaries of any state or territory. No ocean mileage, such as that covered between San Francisco and Honolulu by the Wells, Fargo & Co. Express, or between New York and Porto Eico by the Porto Rican Express is included, but that covered by the Alaska Pacific Express Company between Seattle and points in Alaska is included because it is impos- sible to segregate the ocean mileage operated by that company from its coastwise mileage. In the number of miles covered by express compa- nies Texas ranks first among the states and territories, Illinois second, Iowa third, Ohio fourth, Pennsylvania fifth, New York sixth, and Kansas seventh. In none of the other states or territories do the express com- panies operate as much as 9,000 miles. In all the states and territories the express com- panies operate over steam roads, but in only 20 do they use electric roads in transporting express matter. Electric roads are used by the express companies more extensively in Ohio, New York, and California than elsewhere, 72 per cent of the total being operated in these 3 states. The use of steamboat lines, either coastwise, river, or lake, by express companies is most extensive in Alaska, where water routes furnish practically the only opportunities for transportation. In Maine, New York, Washington, and Michigan the steamboat mileage is also large. Stage lines are used by express companies in but 15 states, and 88.7 per cent of the 'mileage of such lines is operated in the Western states, principally in Califor- nia and Nevada. The 15.93 miles shown in Table 4 under the heading "all other" represent mileage operated by one of the companies over the St. Louis bridge and over the Hudson river ferries at New York city, Newburg and Catskill, N. Y. ; from Eastport to Lubec, Me.; and other points. The Alaska Pacific Express Company, it should be noted, although shown in Table 6, operates, in addition to the 1,774 miles of water lines and 20.40 miles of steam road in Alaska, 5,756 miles of coastwise and ocean lines. MILEAGE. II Table 4.— AMOUNT AND CHARACTER OF EXPRESS MILEAGE, BY STATES, TERRITORIES, AND (iEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1907. EXPRESS MILEAGE OPERATED STATE OR TERRITORY. Total. 235, 903. 14 Steam road. '■"S." Steamboat. Stage. Mi other. United States 214, 769. 21 2,204.14 17,795.74 1, 118. 12 16.93 31,331.93 28, 458. 79 705.89 ; 2,099.60 58.60 9.25 Maine 3,183.33 1,298.30 979. 92 2,886.97 275. 00 1,117.25 9,628.61 2, 192. 40 9, 770. 25 24, 991. 69 2, 164. 33 1,215.30 976. 92 2,611.97 275. 00 1,023.00 8, 420. 56 2, 102. 70 9,669.01 24,451.69 30.50 1 982.00 3. 00 SO. 00 2.00 4.50 3.00 10.00 Massaphusetts . . 216. on 49.00 Rhode Island Connecticut. . 6.00 88.00 488. 45 713. 50 1.26 1.25 NewYorlc 4. 75 89.70 76.24 Pennsylvania South Atlantic division. 20.00 540. 00 5.00 343. 00 1,420.00 18.80 3,675.17 2,753.72 3,817.00 2,829.00 6,344.00 3, 791. 00 92, 574. 02 306. 00 1,323.00 18.80 3,675.17 2, 753. 72 3, 703. 00 2, 829. 00 6,344.00 3,499.00 90, 721. 11 37.00 97.00 Maryland District of Columbia Virginia North Carolina 114.00 Florida 292.00 71.5.00 North Central division . 1, 083. 73 47.50 6 68 Ohio 10,176.76 7, 143. 07 11,972.11 8,051.22 6, 724 27 7,616.92 10,224.87 8,010.29 3,966.51 3,494.37 5,920.47 9,275.16 39, 905. 61 9,340.51 7,121.27 11, 754 02 7,624.32 6,602.85 7,615.92 10,035.51 7,991.20 3,965.51 3, 478. 37 5, 916. 47 9,275.16 39, 625. 61 761. 25 75 00 21.80 55.00 Illinois . . 1 46 on 14.50 2,59 Michigan ' 23.40 403.50 30.92 90.50 \ 180.36 8.50 4 50 .'50 11.00 3.59 North Dakota South Dakota 16.66 4.00 Nebraska '. 260. 00 20 00 Kentucky. 3, 197 67 3,330 87 4,083.00 3, 622. 30 3,671.77 3,807.80 5, 436. 61 12, 756 59 33,660.12 '3,177.67 3, 202. 87 4,061.00 3,512.30 3,671.77 3, 807. 80 5,4.'!5.61 12, 756. 59 31,240.61 20 00 128.00 22.00 110.00 Mississippi Louisiana. . Texas ... . 394.52 1 932.87 992. 12 Montana 3,208.16 1,753.53 1,488.43 4, 961. 41 2, 774. 63 1,871.56 2, 170. 60 2,170.07 3, 712. 02 1,816.12 7,633.59 1,794 40 91.00 180.00 11,474.37 3,208.16 1,691.53 1.488.43 4,961 41 2, 774. 63 1,871.56 2,170.60 1,991.57 3, 162. 02 1,603.37 6,317.33 20.40 Idaho 41.00 1 1.00 20.00 Colorado New Mexico 1 Utah 20. 25 540. 00 158.25 Washington 10.00 ,5.50 168.66 338. 02 203. 62 39.25 774 62 1,774 00 71.00 180.00 20.00 Porto Rico Mileage not assignable to any state or territory 11,474.37 12 EXPRESS BUSINESS. Table 5.— EXPRESS MILEAGE OF COMPANIES OPERATING IN MORE THAN ONE STATE, BY STATES, TERRITORIES, AND GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1907. STATE OR TERRITORY. United States. North Atlantic division . Maine New Hampshire . Vermont Massachusetts . . . Ehode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania South Atlantic division . Total. 226,008.60 Delaware Maryland District of Columbia . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida North Central division . Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota . South Dakota . Nebraska Kansas South Central division . Kentucky . Tennessee . . Alabama . . Mississippi . Louisiana . . Arkansas . . Oklahoma . Texas Western division . Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico . Arizona Utah Nevada Washington . . Oregon California Hawaii Mileage not assignable to any state or territory . 30,275.43 3, 183. 33 1,298.30 979. 92 2, 754. 97 275. 00 1,117.25 9,031.21 1,866.20 9, 770. 25 24,944.38 343. 00 1,420.00 18.80 3,675.17 2,706.41 3,817.00 2,829.00 6, 344. 00 3,791.00 92.293.48 176.76 ,972.23 972.11 051.22 724.27 572.22 224.87 010.29 899.51 494.37 920.47 276. 16 39,745.61 3,197.67 3,330.87 4,083.00 3,622.30 3,671.77 3,807.80 5, 435. 61 12,596.59 33,305.33 3,051.16 1,753.63 1,488.43 4,961.41 2,774.63 1,846.30 2, 170. 60 2, 170. 07 3, 640. 49 1,816.12 7,633.69 91.00 .''1,413.37 Adams Express Co. 34,862.00 8,411.00 1,112.00 271. 00 972. 00 1,032.00 673. 00 4,451.00 3,625.00 260. 00 945. 00 5.00 1,088.00 1, 227. 00 16,4 i.OO 2,233.00 1,514.00 2,777.00 527. 00 223. 00 431.00 2,335.00 1,694.00 614.00 2,714.00 634.00 2,112.00 1,924.00 177. 00 11.00 1 , 232. 00 447. 00 592. CO American Express Co. 42,361.01 12,628.09 2,837.33 1,227.30 799. 44 1,631.75 145.25 4,460.18 24.10 1,502.74 23,858.80 .5,689.69 602.67 325.77 1,679.30 312.21 4.00 1,045.43 1,820.31 Canadian Express 257.00 89.00 53.00 32.00 26.00 Daven- port & Mason. 266.00 71.00 4.00 Globe Express - Great Northern Express Co. i Hoosac Tunnel and Wil- mington R. E. 1,893.64 6,308.26 57,00 1 ! 3,965.65 37.69 2,037.18 79.26 1,418.87 262. 73 129.92 284.43 ' 1,893.64 1,676.22 218. 42 1,301.16 108.32 24.00 16.78 7.22 181.00 MILEAGE. 13 Table 5.— EXPRESS MILEAGE OF COMPANIES OPERATING IN MORE THAN ONE STATE, BY STATES, TERRITORIES. AND GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1907— Continued. STATE OR TERRITORY. United states North Atlantic division . Maine New Hampshire - Vermont Massachusetts . . . Ehode Island Comiecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania South Atlantic division. Delaware. Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia. West Virginia. . North Carolina. South Carolina., Georgia Florida North Central division . Ohio Indiana lUinois Michigan. . Wisconsin. Miimesota. Iowa. Missouri North Dakota. South Dakota. Nebraska Kansas South Central division. Kentucky.. Tennessee. . Alabama... Mississippi. Louisiana.. Arkansas. .. Oklahoma. . Texas Western division. Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico . Arizona Utah. Nevada Washington - Oregon California MILEAGE — continued . National Ejcpress 1,241.94 1,241.94 , 033. 84 98.40 Northern Express 6, 240. 53 Pacific Express Co. 23,661.60 Rich- mond's Express. 51.00 51.00 18.00 60.00 3.00 2,454.30 10,869.50 134.37 1,156.38 1,163.55 1, 369. 00 683. 00 959. 00 440.00 218. 00 2,425.50 1,361.00 3,614.00 3, 786. 23 1.00 I 3.00 . 2.00 ; 1,266.00 ' 2,160.00 ' 268.00 3, 160. 00 6.280.00 1,404.00 284.91 163. 00 1, 197. 00 589. 00 643.00 2,009.16 8S.16 840. 00 339. 00 693. 00 807. 00 119. 00 Hawaii Mileage not assignable to any state or territory. Southern Express 31,434.00 19,677.00 17.00 2.00 2,495.00 382. 00 3,817.00 2,829.00 6,344.00 3, 791. 00 1,018.00 860.00 10,663.00 266. 00 219. 00 307. 00 670. 00 2,823.00 4,083.00 2,041.00 700.00 246. 00 United States Express WeUs, Fargo & Co Express. 30,101.61 43,914.51 5,1.6,20 2,203.20 Western E3^ress 1,342.39 910.90 2,862.91 1,050.80 357. 20 795. 20 1,739. i8 83.00 468.00 11.80 92.17 1,094.41 21,444.! 10,2:5. 5 3,325. 1,499. 2,418. 2, 666. 2, 186. 1,641. 4,039. 738. 153. 1,505. 260. 1,121. 1,088. C5 710. 00 1,197.60 398. 40 892. 10 2, 272. 20 113.90 3,643.00 920.29 13,600.63 646. 58 273. 71 1,393.56 1,397.80 3,464.60 7,342.57 17,804.63 301.89 111.50 168.00 1,749.30 2,444.71 1,845.30 1, 330. 60 1,831.07 920. 96 7,514.59 287. 00 22.00 713. 50 463. CO 646. 60 1,149.50 41.50 14 EXPRESS BUSINESS. Table 6. — Express mileage of companies operating in but one state or terrj.tory: 1907. Total, Alaska Pacific Express Co Cairo & Kanawha Ry. Co Canadian Northern E xpress Co Electric Express Co Fanners' Grain & Shipping Co Hatch Express Co Long Island Express Montana K. B. Co Pacific Coast Express Co Porto Rican Express Co Rochester & Eastern Electric Express Rochester & Sodus Bay Electric Express. Southern Indiana Express Co Syracuse Rapid Transit Co Texas Mexican Ry. Co United Verde & Pacific Ry.Co Utica & Mohawk Valley Ry . Co Webster Springs Express Co West Jersey Express Co Mileage. 1,834.54 ',650.40 17.50 43.70 49.12 66.00 437.00 392.00 157.00 71.53 180.00 44.13 41.42 170.84 24.21 160.00 26.26 46.42 29.81 327. 20 Alaska.' West Virginia. Minnesota. New York. North Dakota. Massachusetts.^ New York. Montana. Washington. Porto Rico. New York. New York. Indiana. New York. Texas. Arizona. New York. West Virginia. New Jersey. * Only 1,794.40 miles in Alaska: the remainder represents steamboat mileage not assignable to any state or territory. = Only 132 miles in Massachusetts; the remainder represents steamboat mileage not assignable to any state or territory. The employees of an express company may be classi- fied as follows: Those employed by the company ex- clusively; those employed in joint service with other express companies; those employed in joint service with railway companies; and those paid on a commis- sion basis who are also engaged in some other business. It was not possible to present such a classification of employees, because the express companies do not keep records which will supply the necessary data. The 7 companies which did not report employees or wages were all departments of railways and could not segre- gate the necessary data from the general accounts of the railroad. Table 7. — Employees, salaries, and wages: 1907} Total. General officers Other ofiicers General-ofiice clerks Local agents Local-office clerks Drivers and delivery men All other local employees Messengers, helpers, and guards. Number of em- ployees. 79,284 138 628 3.796 29,388 12,530 14,521 9,416 8,967 Salaries and wages. 139,491,032 939,820 000,097 762,508 395,848 326,446 872, 271 652,018 542,024 1 Only 27 companies represented. Seven companies, operating 480.67 miles, did not report either employees or wages. 2 Includes $17,309 for which number of employees was not reported. The total number of employees in 1907 was 73.4 per cent greater than in 1890, and the total wages or salaries paid was 144.1 per cent greater. No further comparison as to employees and wages can be made between the two censuses owing to differences be- tween the classification of employees in 1907 and 1890. At the census of 1890 the schedule of inquiry called for the average number of each of the following classes of employees: General officers; general-office clerks; agents; assistants; messengers; other men employed on trains; drivers of wagons; all others. The amount of salaries or wages paid to each class was not called for, but the total amount paid to all was re- quired. In 1907 answers in regard to the average number employed and the salaries or wages paid to each of the following classes of employees were re- quired: General officers; other officers (superintend- ents, route agents, etc.); clerks and bookkeepers; local agents; local-office clerks; drivers and delivery men; all other local employees; messengers, helpers, and guards. A discrepancy of $40,722 will be noted between the amounts shown as "salaries and wages" in Tables 7 and 13. This is caused by the fact that 1 company returned in the item shown in Table 7 only the amount paid to regular employees, while in Table 13 it included the total amount paid for extra labor, overtime, etc. These payments amounted to $40,722 for the year. Table 8. — Express equipment and fixtures, and values: 1907 and 1890 . EQUIPMENT OK FIX- 19071 1890 Per cent of in- TUKES. Number. Value. Number. Value. crease in value. Total S9, 641, 443 S5, 074, 046 90.0 36 7,670 6,910 5,690 8,291 6,008 Cars 116 10,967 12,866 25,073 18, 157 12,819 239 2,666 270,684 633, 139 278,481 202,444 2,929,635 2,199,193 363,700 86,421 2,033,923 434,686 209, 137 86,416 582,525 125,817 62,624 1,464,476 1,192,286 213.2 Ofiice safes. . . 8.7 Messengers' safes Messengers' trunks 121.3 223.3 100. Wagons. . . 84.5 Automobiles- . 1,439 65,596 1,146,470 347,835 31.7 Office fixtures. . . 77.4 Stable equipment (in- 25.0 Miscellaneous 1 Only23 companies represented. Eleven companies, operating636.75 miles, did not report equipment and fixtures or values. The 11 companies which did not report the data shown in Table 8 in 1907 were all departments of rail- roads which could not segregate the figures for their equipment from those for the regular equipment of the road. All comparable figures show a general increase in 1907 as compared with 1890 in both the number and the value of equipment and fixtures. This increase, however, is not so great as would be expected when the great increase in express business since 1890 is considered, which leads to the conclusion that an expensive plant is not so necessary to express busi- ness as good organization and continuous activity. Of the 23 companies represented in Table 8 for 1907, only 2 own cars, a condition which is explained by the fact that in accordance with the contracts be- tween the railroads and the express companies, express matter is carried in cars belonging to the railroads over which the express companies operate. Such cars as are owned by express companies are usually purchased for a particular purpose, such as, for instance, refrigerator or fruit cars to be used for the transportation of fruit or other perishable com- modities. MONEY ORDERS. 15 Of the 239 automobiles reported at the present cen- sus, 201 belonged to a single company, so that the use of such machines in the collection and delivery of packages was far from general even among the larger companies. This fact is rather surprising in view of the extensive use of automobiles in commercial busi- ness. The express money order, first introduced by the American Express Company, was a comparatively new extension of the express business in 1890, and so the figures presented in the Census report for that year concerned only the number of such orders. At the present census, however, some of the express com- panies were issuing travelers' cheques and letters of credit in addition to money orders, and both the number and value of these three forms of financial paper were reported. The express money order differs from the travelers' cheque and the letter of credit in that it is payable only to the person named therein, who may or may not be the purchaser, and is transferable by indorsement. Single orders can not be issued for a sum exceeding $50. A travelers' cheque is always payable to the pur- chaser, who, for the purpose of identification, must sign it at the time of purchase as well as when cash- ing it. These cheques are issued in denominations of $10, $20, $50, $100, or $200, and can be cashed at any agency of the issuing company. A letter of credit is issued only to the purchaser, who, upon proper identification, can draw on the issuing company for any amount up to the sum stated in the letter. Table 9. — Financial paper issiied by express companies: 1907.^ COMPANY. MONEY ORDERS. TRAVELERS' CHEQUES.2 Number. Amount. Number. Amount. Total 14,014,960 8147,346,666 792,737 $20, 828, 932 870,233 6,981 6,251,543 12,109 1,683 79,741 202,531 205,277 671,200 1,479,139 2,419,007 1,686,973 128,543 10,155,821 216,706 61, 893, 496 143,866 20.249 1,065,833 2,598,179 2,724,204 6,840,530 11,878,908 25,560,640 22,717,573 1,641,651 Alaska Pacific Express Co 732,063 19,125,145 Canadian Northem Express Co. Great Northern Express Co . . . United States Express Co Wells, Fargo & Co. Express . .. 28,692 31,670 312 681,496 1,016,890 5,401 1 Only 13 companies represented. None ol the other 21 companies issue money orders, travelers' cheques, or letters of credit. 2 Includes 581 letters of credit, amounting to 11,568,419, of which the Ameri- can Express Co. issued 549, amounting to $1,613,365, and the United States Express Co., 32, amounting to $45,054. The total value of all financial paper issued in 1907 was $168,175,588, of which amount nearly 90 .per cent was in the form of money orders. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1907, the United States Post Office Department issued 65,709,919 domestic and international money orders, amounting to $563,731,054. The value of express business in this line, including money orders, travelers' cheques, and letters of credit, therefore, amounted to 29.8 per cent of that done by the Federal Government. Table 10. — Number of money orders issued by express companies: 1907 and 1890. COMPANY. Total 14, 014. 960 18902 4.598,567 Adams Express Co ' 870, 233 Alaska Pacific Express Co 6, 981 American Express Co , 6,251,643 Canadian Express Co. Canadian Northern Express Co. Globe Express Co.^ Great Northern Ejtpress Co Northern Express Co.* Paciflc Express Co Southern Express Co United States Express Co Wells, Fargo & Co. Express Western Express Co 12,109 1,683 79, 741 202,531 205,277 671,200 1,479,139 2,419,007 1,686,973 128,543 2,123,525 36,5.53 178, 344 457, 196 805,552 997,397 Per cent of in- crease. 16.1 46.8 200.3 69.1 ' Only 13 companies represented in 1907. None of the other 21 companies issue money orders. 2 Only 6 companies issued money orders in 1890. a Known as Denver and Rio Grande Express Co. in 1890. < Known as Northern Paciflc Express Co. in 1890. Thirteen companies were issuing money orders in 1907 as compared with 6 in 1890, and the increase in orders issued was over 200 per cent. These facts are a proof not only of the popularity of this form of financial paper, but also of the confidence which the public has in the issuing express companies. Among the express companies issuing money orders in 1907 the American Express Company leads, as it did in 1890. This company shows an increase of nearly 200 per cent in the number of money orders issued in 1907 as compared with 1890. The value of all kinds of financial paper issued by this company during 1907 was $81,018,641, or nearly half of the total for all companies. Table 11. — Capitalization of express companies: 1907.^ COMPANY. Total. Adams Express C0.2 Alaska Pacific Express Co American Express C0.2 Electric Express Co Globe Express Co Great Northern Express Co. . . Hatch Express Co National Express Co. 2 Northern Express Co Paciflc Coast Express Co Paciflc Express Co Porto Rican Express Co Southern Express €0.2 Southern Indiana Express Co. United States Express Co. 2. . . Wells, Fargo & Co. Express 2. . Western Express Co Amount of capital stock. $68,853,200 12,000,000 100,000 18,000,000 12,500 3,000,700 1,000,000 35,000 500,000 5,000,000 6,000 6,000,000 100.000 5,000,000 60,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 50,000 1 Only 17 companies represented. The othei 17 companies were either foreign corporations, unincorporated organizations, or departments of railway companies. 2 This company has no capital stock. There are shares of interest which for this purpose have been given a nominal par value of $100. 3 This company is engaged under its charter in both the banking and express business. 16 EXPRESS BUSINESS. The 17 companies which are not represented in Table 11 are either foreign corporations, unincorpo- rated organizations, or departments of railways. The so-called "shares of interest" issued by several unin- corporated associations engaged in the express busi- ness are, so far as concerns the purposes of this report, identical with shares of stock issued by incor- porated companies, and they have been so treated. Table 12. — Income account — all companies and six leading com- panies: 1907.' Total. Six leading companies. All other companies. Per cent of total reportedby six leading companies. Gross receipts from opera- tion $124,327,860 114,401,218 9,926,642 3,789,316 13,715,958 631,986 $115,655,784 108,137,238 7,518,546 3,484,886 11,003,432 584,005 $8,672,076 6,263,980 2,408,096 304,430 2,712,526 47,981 93.0 Operating expenses 94.5 Net earnings from operation. Income from other sources. . Gross income, less operat- 75.7 92.0 80.2 Deductions from income 92.4 Interest 7,080 2 559,963 64,943 5,536 023,065 55,404 1,544 36,898 9,539 78.2 Taxes 93.4 All other 85.3 Net income 13,083,972 10,419,427 2,664,545 79.6 1 Only 28 companies represented as to expenses. Six companies, operating 320.57 miles, did not report expenditures and 2, operating 719.20 miles, made only partial expense reports. 2 Includes an unknown amoimt paid for insurance by 1 company. Although all the express companies reported re- ceipts, 6 could not show an expense account and 2 could make only a partial report. These 8 companies are all departments of railways and the expenditures incident to the operation of the express business could not be segregated from those incurred in operat- ing the railroads. As the total mileage operated by these 8 companies is only a little over 1,000 miles, the absence of their figures for expenditures can not materially affect any deductions made from the data shown in Table 12. The total receipts of the express companies amount to $128,117,176, of which amount 97 per cent is receipts from operation and 3 per cent receipts from other sources. No comparison of these items can be made with 1890, as receipts were not reported in that year. The total income of the 6 leading companies is over 90 per cent of that for all companies. This is also true of the operating expenses of the 6 com- panies, and was true in 1890. Even though the num- ber of operating companies has nearly doubled since 1890 the percentage of all express business which the 6 companies transacted has remained about the same, and this regardless of the fact that the volume of express business done in 1907 is more than double that reported at the census of 1890. Table 13.— EXPENDITURES: 1907 AND 1890. 19071 18»0 = Per cent of increase. PER CENT OF TOTAL OPERATING EX- PENSES. 1907 1890 Total . - 8115,033,204 »45, 7a3, 123 151.3 114,401,218 42,413,706 169.7 100.0 100.0 56,378,349 251,332 252, 398 147, 165 1,302,109 39,631,754 498,338 2,924,845 13,114,928 7,080 6 659,963 («) 04,943 19,327,280 191.7 49.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.1 34.6 0.4 2.6 11.5 45.6 Paid to water lines ... 173,222 60,679 45.7 142.5 0.4 0.1 Salaries and wages 16,176,098 3 3,5(i0,046 821), 716 2,289,664 144.4 <86.0 253.8 472.8 38.1 =8.4 General expenses . . 2.0 6 4 171,370 1 3,198,0)8 226.8 All other ' Only 28 companies represented. Six companies, operating 320.57 miles, did not report expenditures and 2, operating 719.20 miles, made only partial reports. 2 Four companies, operating 718.78 miles, made only partial reports. 3 Includes local expenses. * Decrease. 6 Includes an unknown amount paid for msurance by 1 company. n Not reported in 1907. ^ Only 8 companies reported dividends in 1890. The operating expenses in 1907 were not quite 170 per cent greater than those in 1890, while the total expenditures were a little over 150 per cent greater. The fact that the percentage of increase of operating expenses is larger than that for all expenses is due to the omission in 1907 of any amounts paid as dividends, while in 1 890 such amounts were reported by 8 of the 18 companies. The two great items of expense in the express busi- ness are the amounts paid to steam roads and salaries and wages. At the present census, as in 1890, these two items constitute over 80 per cent of the operating expenses. The item "paid to all other carriers" represents amounts paid to other express companies for matter forwarded over their lines under what is known as "tonnage agreements." These agreements are usually entered into because of the fact that one company has a shorter or more direct line to a given point than another. The company having the longer or more ASSETS AND LIABILITIES. 17 circuitous line will collect and waybill matter for the point referred to, turning over to the other company both goods and waybills to be transported over its line. On arrival at destination goods and waybills are turned over to the originating company, which makes the delivery in the usual manner. For the service ren- dered by the company having the direct line an agreed amount per 100 pounds for weight or per $1,000 valua- tion is paid. Repairs show a large decrease in 1907, but this decrease is apparent rather than real. In 1890 the figures for repairs included not only expenditures for repairs, but also payments for local expenses. In 1907 payments for local expenses are included under "other operating expenses." In 1907, moreover, some com- panies could not separate expenditures for repairs from expenditures for local expenses, and so for such companies the entire amount was included under "other operating expenses." Table 14. — Balance sheet — all companies and six leading com- panies: 1907 ^ All com- panies. ASSETS. ' Total 'S97, 305, 389 Equipment and fixtures Franchise and privileges Stocks and bonds of otber express com- panies other permanent investments Cash and cash assets Bills and accounts receivable Sundries LIABILITIES. Total. Capital stock Reserve fund Bills and accounts payable . Dividends due and accrued . Sundries Profit and loss surplus 6,640,413 14,478,957 2,082,402 41,728,386 12,206,864 4,604,693 15,557,674 97,305,389 59,853,200 50,093 8,006,465 533,392 575,313 28.286,926 S85,613,809 Six lead- ing com- panies. 6,267,184 6,000,000 2,082,402 41,563,261 10,891,327 3,672,905 15,136,730 85,613,809 50,000,000 7,269,422 6,618 481,229 27,856,540 All other companies. 379,229 1,478,957 165,125 1,315,537 931,788 420, 944 11,691,580 9,853,200 50,093 737,043 626,774 94,084 430, 386 > Only 20 companies represented. The 14 companies which did not report a balance sheet operated 1,399.65 miles. Although different methods of bookkeeping were used by the several companies, it was found possible to secure from 20 companies the amounts required to construct a balance sheet of the character shown in Table 14. The companies which did not report a balance sheet, with the exception of 1 foreign cor- poration, are all departments of railroads, and, as the total mileage over which they operate is only about 1 ,400 miles, the absence of any figures is of no great importance. The discrepancy of $2,995,030 between the value of equipment and fixtures shown in Table 8 and that shown in Table 14 is explained by the fact that the figures in Table 8 are based upon the purchase price, while those in Table 14 are based upon the present or depreciated value, and also by the fact that 23 companies are represented in Table 8 and only 20 in Table 14. The difference between the capital stock figures as shown in Tables 11 and 14 is caused by the fact that the Wells, Fargo & Co. Express, which is empowered under its charter to carry on both an express and bankijig business, arbitrarily' assigned one-half its capitalization to its express business, while the South- ern Express Company did not show any value for its 50,000 outstanding shares of interest, which in Table 11 were arbitrarily given a value of $100 per share; also by the fact that only 17 companies are represented in Table 11, while 20 are represented in Table 14. The amount of permanent investments and cash assets is very large, constituting over two-thirds of all the assets. Very naturally the balance sheet totals presented for the 6 leading companies constitute nearly 90 per cent of those for all reporting companies. The 6 lead- ing companies reported more than 90 per cent of all the asset items, except franchise and privileges, cash and cash assets, and bills and accounts receivable, and their exceedingly large percentage in bills and accounts payable more than offset the lesser percentage in other liability items. A comparison of the balance sheet for the 6 lar'gest companies with that for all other companies brings out some striking differences in the character of the assets and liabilities of the two classes of companies. Stocks and bonds of other express companies and other permanent investments, which are largely the stocks and bonds of railroads over which the express com- panies operate, constitute 51 per cent of the assets of the 6 largest companies, and 1 .4 per cent of the assets of all other companies. Franchise and privileges, on the other hand, constitute 7 per cent of the assets of the 6 largest companies and 72.5 per cent of the assets of all other companies. The differences between the two classes of companies in respect to liabilities are not so striking. It may be noted, however, that capital stock forms 58.4 per cent of the liabilities of the 6 largest companies as contrasted with 84.3 per cent of the liabilities of all other companies, while profit and loss surplus forms 32.5 per cent of the liabilities of the 6 largest companies and only 3.7 per cent of the liabilities of the smaller companies. These figures would seem to indicate that the smaller compa- nies are conducting a simple express business, paying over the profits to the shareholders of the companies soon after they are earned. The larger companies, on the other hand, are apparently entering more or less into a semi-investment business, retaining a consid- erable surplus out of the profits and investing it in the stocks and bonds of railways and of other express companies. 18 EXPRESS BUSINESS. Table 15.— ORGANIZATION OF EXPRESS COMPANIES: 1907. Adama Express Co Alaska Pacific Express Co American Express Co Cairo and Kanawha Ry . Co Canadian Express Co Canadian Nortliem Express Co Davenport & Mason Electric Express Co Farmers' Grain and Shipping Co Globe Express Co Great Northern Express Co Hatch Express Co Hoosao Tunnel and Wilmington R. E Long Island Express Montana Railroad Co National Express Co Northern Express Co Pacific Coast Express Co Pacific Express Co Porto Rican Express Co , Richmond's Ejroress Rochester and Eastern Electric Express Rochester and Sodus Bay Electric Express . . Southern Express Co Southern Indiana Express Co Syracuse Rapid Transit Co Texas Mexican Ry. Co United States Express Co United Verde and Pacific Ry. Co Utica and Mohawk Valley Ry. Co Webster Springs Express Co Wells, Fargo & Co. Express West 'Jersey Express Co Western Express Co Form of organization. Unincorporated association . Corporation Unincorporated association . Department of the railway. , Corporation Corporation Partnership Corporation Department of the railway- Corporation Corporation Corporation Department of the railway Department of Long Island R. R. Co . Department of the railway Unincorporated association . Corporation Corporation Corporation Corporation Individual ownership Department of Rochester and Eastern Rapid Ry. Co. Department of Rochester and Sodus Bay Ry. Co. Corporation Corporation Department of the railway. . Department of the railway . . Unmcorporated association. Department of the railway. . Department of the railway.. Department of the West Virginia Midland R. R. Co. Corporation Corporation Corporation Date of organization or charter. July Feb. Mar. 1,1854 11,1896 18, 1850 Feb. Mav 1836. Oct. 16, 1865 15, 1902 Deo. Jan. June, 10, 1901 26,'i89i' 1,1892 1905. . . . Apr. 1, 1895 June 1,1906 Mar. 12,1903 Oct. 1, 1879 July 31,1906 Nov. 1,1903 Dec, 1903.... July 1,1861 June 24,1898 Apr. 22,1854 Feb. 5, 1866 Apr. 14,1804 Oct. 30,1894 Empowering state. New York... Washington. New York... Dominion of Canada.. Dominion of Canada. . New York. Colorado... Minnesota Massachusetts. , New York... New Jersey.. Washington . Nebraska New York... New York . New York . Georgia. . Indiana. . Colorado New Jersey. Wisconsin . . Location of principal ofiice. New York, N. Y. Seattle, Wash. New York, N. Y. Cairo, W. Va. Montreal, Quebec. Toronto, Ontario. Taunton, Mass. Schenectady, N. Y. Devils Lake, N. Dak. Denver, Colo. St. Paul, Minn. New Bedford, Mass. Wilmington, Vt. Long Island City, N. Y. Helena, Mont, New York, N. Y. St. Paul, Miim. Tacoma, Wash. St. Louis, Mo. New York, N. Y. Exeter, N. H. Rochester, N. Y. Rochester, N. Y. Chattanooga, Tenn Chicago, 111. Syracuse, N. Y. Laredo, Tex. New York, N. Y. Jerome, Ariz. Utica, N. Y. Palmer, W. Va. New York, N. Y. Philadelphia, Pa. Toronto, Ontario. It will be noted that 1 6 of the express companies are corporations, 12 are departments of railways, and 4 are unincorporated associations, while 1 is owned by a partnership and 1 by an individual. Tables 16, 17, 18, and 19 are compiled from Senate Document No. 278, Sixtieth Congress, first session, and show in detail the holdings of railway companies in the stock of express companies operating over said roads, the holdings of express companies in the stocks and bonds of the railways over which they operate, and the holdings of express companies in the stock of other express companies. These data are as of June 30, 1 906, and were furnished from the records of the Interstate Commerce Commission in response to the Senate reso- lution of January 13, 1908. Table 16 includes the following companies for which reports were not received and whose operations are not included in the general statistics of this report: Union Express Company, Southwestern and International Express Company, Interurban Express Company, Trolley Express Company, and Northern Pacific Ex- press Company. In explanation of their omission from the census it is stated that the Union Express Company and the Southwestern and International Express Company were incorporated companies that had never done any express business. The Interurban Express Company and the Trolley Express Company are subsidiary com- panies of electric traction companies and their opera- tions were so mingled with the railway work that it was impossible to make a segregation, and no report could be secured. The Northern Pacific Express Com- pany before the census was taken became merely a holding compan}', owning the entire capital stock of the Northern Express Company. All operations are conducted by the latter. HOLDINGS OF COMPANIES. 19 Tabie 16.— holdings OF RAILWAY COMPANIES IN THE STOCK OF EXPRESS COMPANIES, JUNE 30, 1906.' E.IILWAY COKPOKATIOK. Total. Chicago, Burlington and Quincy R. R. Co. Denver and Rio Grande R. R. Co Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Ry. Co. El Paso and Southwestern R. R. Co Grand Trunk Ry. Co. of Canada Louisville and Southern Indiana Traction Co. (electric i Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Ry. Co Missouri Pacific Ry. Co New York Central and Hudson River R. R. Co New York, New Haven and Hartlord R.R.Co Northern Pacific Ry. Co Northern Pacific Ry. Co Rio Grande Western Ry. Co Schenectady Ry. Co. (electric) Southern Indiana Ry. Co Southern Pacific Co Union Pacific R. R. Co Wabash R. R. Co West Jersey and Seashore R. R. Co. Union Express Co Globe Express Co Western Express Co Southwestern and International Express Co . Canadian Express Co Interurban Express Co Western Express Co Pacific Express Co American Express Co Trolley Express Co Northern Pacific Express Co . . Northern Express Co Globe Express Co Electric Express Co Southern Indiana Express Co . Wells, Fargo & Co. Express. Pacific Express Co Pacific Express Co West Jersey Express Co $20,668,000 1,000 2,000,000 25,000 200,000 1,465,000 1,000 25,000 2,400,000 3,000,000 10,000 343,000 5,000,000 1,000,000 12,000 60,000 1,530,000 2,400,000 1,200,000 0,000 ' Compiled from n. Doc. No. 278, COth Cong,, 1st sess. Table 17.— H0LDIX(;S BY EXPRESS COMPANIES IN THE STOCK OF RAILWAY COMPANIES. JUNE 20, 190C.' EXPRESS C(tMP.\N'Y, Aggregate. Adams Express Co. . Total American Express Co . Total Northern Pacific Express Co.- Southern Express Co Railway company. Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Ky. Co Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Co Boston and Albany R. R. Co Boston and Providence R. R. Co Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Ry. Co Chicago and Northwestern Ry. Co Chicago, Peoria and St. Louis Ry. Co. of Illinois. Delaware and Hudson Co .* ErieR. R. Co Iowa Central Ry. Co Litchfield and Madison Ry, Co Minneapolis and St. Louis R, R. Co New York, New Haven and Hartlord R. R. Co . . . Norfolk and Western Ry. Co Northern Central Ry, Co Pennsylvania R, R. Co Southern Ry, Co Union Pacific R, R. Co Boston and Maine R. R Central Vermont Ry Chicago and Northwestern Ry. Co Ciiicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Ry, Co. Merchants' Despatch Transportation Co '. New York Central and Hudson River R. R. Co Union Pacific R. R. Co Northern Paci.'ic Ry, Co. Total United States Express Co. Cuba Co Cuba R. R. Co. Beech Creek Ry. Co Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Ry. Co Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Ry. Co Hocking Valley Ry. Co Kalamazoo, Allegan and Grand Rapids R, R . . , New York C^entral and Hudson River R, R. Co. New York and Harlem R. R, Co Pennsylvania R. R. Co y- .\mount of stock held. S22, 218, 950 400,000 290,300 60,000 2,100 425,000 317, 400 247, 750 100,000 260,000 191,000 50,000 100,000 973, 000 3,610,000 317, 700 6, 171, 400 100,000 250,000 13, 865, 650 3,207,800 25,000 1,560,000 lOOlCOO 1,206,000 904,000 1,000,000 8,002,800 100,000 25,000 30,000 55,000 20,000 33,000 29,300 14,000 10,000 22,600 25,000 41,600 195,500 1 Compiled from S. Doc, Xo. 27x, lOth Cong,, 1st sess. - Holding company: owns entire capit.il stock of Northern Express Co. 20 EXPRESS BUSINESS. Table 18.— HOLDINGS OF EXPRESS COMPANIES IN THE STOCK OF EXPRESS COMPANIES, JUNE 30, 1906.1 HOLDING CORPORATION. Aggregate. Adams Express Co. . Total. American Express Co. Total. International Express Co Northern Pacific Express Co.*. Southern Express Co. Total United States Express Co. Total Wells, Fargo