■-^.., J v*--.i.«» .'•*»•»,»-•«»». V >-«»if*«Mm« 1 0trigr«sf^'ir'^.'^!r^v, \ ill Mwr^wpmiaiOT'Wii PfMMlti fyxmll Winxvmxii^ J ih«8 BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME PROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT THE GIFT OF FUND A Henrg m. Sage 1891 ^/^7 1 '. — _ -=»=™^ ^^j SEAMANSHIP: INCLUDING NAMES OF PRINCIPAL PARTS OP A SHIP; MASTS, SAILS, YARDS, Etc. ; BENDS AND HITCHES ; MANUFACTURE AND TESTS OF STEEL WIRE ROPE; FLEXIBLE STEEL WIRE HAWSERS; TESTS AND WEIGHTS OF HEMP ROPE, FLEXIBLE STEEL WIRE HAWSERS, AND CHAIN CABLE; SPLICING WIRE ROPE; KNOTS AND SPLICES; FITTINGS OF STANDING RIGGING; RIGGING OF MASTS; YARDS AND BOWSPRIT; TESTS OF BLOCKS; FITTINGS OF TACKLES; STAYING MASTS AND SETTING UP RIGGING; TANKS, BALLAST, AND PROVISIONS ; MANAGING SAILS ; BOAT SAILING ; INSTRUCTIONS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF BOATS IN A SURF; STOWAGE OF ANCHORS AND CABLES ; PROOF TESTS OF ANCHORS AND CHAIN CABLES; HOISTING IN BOATS ; USE OF MOORING BOARD ; TO UNMOOR AND PROCEED TO SEA ; MANCEUVRES ; TO TACK SHIP ; TRIMMING SAILS ; MAKING AND SHORTENING SAIL; ROPES AND SPARS CARRIED AWAY ; RULE OF THE ROAD ; VESSELS' LIGHTS AND FOG SIGNALS ; GLOSSARY OF SEA TERMS, Etc., Etc., Etc. BY VICE-ADMIRAL SIR GEORGE S. NARES, K.C.B., R.N. Marine Department, Board of Trade. SEVENTH EDITION, ENLARGED AND REVISED BY COMMANDER T. P. WALKER, R.N. aUitJj HHlusttfrttiuna, avib ffi«jl<»wrel» §:lteet& of NATioNAii Ensigns fob, Mbn-of-Wab, and Mercantile Marine — Signal Flags — Compass, Pendants, Numeral and Alvhabetical Flags- International Code, Vessels' Lights, Fog Signals, Semaphore, Beacon, and Squaring Yard Signals. (Translated also into the French, Italian, and Turkish Languages. ) 1897. PORTSMOUTH : GRIFFIN & CO., 2, THE HARD. (Booksellers by Appointment to Her Majesty the Queen.) LONDON AGENTS : — SIMPKIN, MARSHALL & CO, The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030898567 VK541 .NaTiegr™"" """^ Seamanship ,. 3 1924 030 898 567 olin CONTENTS. PAGE. Names OF THE Principal Parts OP A SHIP .. ... ... 1 Fttti.ngs .. ... ... .. ... ... 4 Namkr OF Masts, Sails AND Yards ... ... ... 6 Parts OF A Mast, Bowsprit AND Yard ... .. ... 8 Parts OF a Sail ... ... ... .. ... 11 Running Rigging, First Part ... .. ... ... 14 Lead Line ... ... ,„ ... ... J6 Sir William Thomson's Sounding Machine ... ... ... 19 Eoo Line ... ... ... ... ... 20 Walker's Cherub Log ... ... ... ... 21 Bends AND Hitches ... . ... ... ... 22 Knots AND Splices ... ... ... ... ... 23 Seizings AND Lashings ... ... ... ... 24 Splicing Rope, Hemp AND Wire ... ... ... ... 23 Rope Making ... ... ... ... ... 28 Manufacture of Wire Rope .. ... ... ... 30 Tests and Weight of Hemp Rope — Steel and Flexible StIsel Wire AND Chain Cable .. ... . ... ... 33 Fittings of THE Standing Rigging ... ... ... 35 Placing THE Standing Rigging ... ... ... ... 37 Rigging op THE Masts ... ... ... ... 38 Rigging OF the Yards ... ... ... ... 46 Rigging of THE Bowsprit ... ... ... ... 53 Fittings of Blocks ... ... .. ... 57 Weight AND Tests OF Wooden AND IitoN Blocks (vide page 326. ) ... 60 Fittings of Tackles ... ... ... ... ... 60 Setting up Rigging ... ... ... .. ■■• 64 Getting Masts AND Bowsprit IN ... ... ... 67 Questions ON Rigging ... ... .. — 72 Running Rigging, Second Part . . ... ... 77 Running Rigging, Third Part ,. ... •■• 94 iv CONTENTS. Tanks, Ballast AND Provisions ... ... ... 100 Stowage ... ... ... ... ... 102 Berthing AKD Messing ... ™ ... ... 104 Getting Tops, ETC., OVER Masthead ... ... ... 106 Rtjles FOR Managing Sails ... ... ... .. 112 Fittings of Sails, Making up and Bending Sails • ... ... 114 Reefing Sails ... ... ... ... ... 123 Furling Sails ... ... ... ... ... 125 Crossing Top-Gallant and Royal Yards ... ... ... 126 Working Studding-Sails ... ... ... ... 128 Boats AND Boat Sailing ... ... ... ... 133 Instructions ON THE Management of Boats IN A Surf ... 150 Directions for Restoring the Apparently Drowned ... 161 Robinson's Boat Lowering Apparatus ... ... ... 166 Service Rigs for Boats ... ... ... ... 170 Principal Dimensions, Average Weights, and Life Saving Capacity OP Boats ... .. ... ... 191 Working Anchors AND Cables ... ... ... ... 190 Sir William Martin's Mooring Board ... ... ... 219 Shifting Sails AND Spars ... .. ... ... 223 Preparation for Action ... ... ... ... 232 Taking IN Tow ... ... ... ... ... 232 Man(EUvring ... ... ... ... ... 233 Why A Ship Moves Forward Under Sail ... ... ... 235 Why A Ship Carries Weather Helm ... ... ... 237 To Tack a Ship ... ... ... ... ... 240 To Wear A Ship ... ... ... ... ... 244 To Unmoor AND Proceed to Sea ... ... ... ... 245 Trimming AND Making Sail ... ... ... ... 251 Shortening AND Trimming Sail ...• ... ... ... 259 Down Top-Gallant Yards AND Mast ... ... ... 267 Furl Mainsail AND Fore-Topsail .. ... ... 271 Lying To ... ... ... ... ... ... 273 Making Sail ... ... ... ... ... 273 A Heavy Squall TO Windward ... ... ... 274 Ropes AND Spars Carried Away ... .. ... 276 Man Overboard ... ... .. ... ... 285 Management AND Use OF THE Rocket Apparatus ... ... 287 Sir William Thomson's Compass ... ... ... 289 Regulations for Preventing Collisions AT Sea ... ... 292 Glossary OF Sea Terms ... ... ... ... 309 LIST OF COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS. Royal Standard, and principal British flags Union Jack, its origin, etc. Signal flags ; Compass and Pendants Alphabetical, and Numeral Signal flags International Code Signal flags National Ensigns for Men-of-War National Colours for Mercantile Marine Squaring yard signals Beacon signals Semaphore signs Flashing signals. Alphabetical table. PAGE. 1 ... 2&3 4 5 6 7 to 10 7 to 10 11 H ... 12 Horary table. Morse signs. Vessels' lights as seen by a Look-out man. Sound signals for Fog. Sound signals for Vessels in sight of one another. LIST OF WOODCUT ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Midship Section of a ship. Sketch of stern. Compressor. Capstan. Belaying pin. Cleat. Bollard head. I Chain plates. Goose neck. Spider. Steel lower mast. Section of ditto. I I'id of top-gallant mast. Topsail. Course. Jib. Spanker. Walker's sounding machine. f Sir William Thomson's sounding I machine. Lead — bending a lead line. Login the water, 24. Log being hauled in. 25. Walker's patent log. 26. Walker's Cherub log. 27. HaH hitch. 28. Timber hitch. 29. Half hitch and timber hitch. 30. Clove hitch. "^2 ( I'otjS.nd hitch. 33. Rolling hitch. 34. Fisherman's bend. 35. Kound turn and half hitch. 36. Studding sail bend. 37. Black wall hitch. 38. Double Blackwall hitch. 39. Marling spike hitch. 40. Catspaw. 41. Bowline. 42. Running bowline. 43. Bowline on the bight. 44. Single or sheet bend. 45. Double bend. 46. Beef knot. ii. Sheepshank, VI LIST OF ILLtrSTRATIONS, 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101, 102. 103. 104. Figure of eight. Carrick bend. Two bowlines. Half hitch and seizing. Stopper a rope. Marling hitch. Rope yarn knot. To mouse a hook. To sling a cask on end. Butt slings. Bale slings. Can hooks. A parbuckle. Strop on a rope. Strop on a mast. Inside clinch. Outside clinch. Eye splice in a three-stranded rope. lye splice in a four-stranded rope. I Short splice. Long splice. Grummet. Wall knot. Shroud knot. [ Stopper knot. I Matthew Walker knot. A selvagee. A Turk's head. I Flemish eye. Flat seizing. I Racking seizing. Rose lashing. Rose seizing. Whip a rope. Point a rope. Worm a rope. Parcel a rope. Serve a rope. Serving a rope. Spanish windlass. Marling spike hitch. I Studding sail halliard strop. 105. 106. 107. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114, 115. IIG. 117. 118 119. 120, 121. 122. ]2,3. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140, 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. Hawser laid rope. Shroud laid rope. Cable laid rope. An eye splice. Fork and lashing eye. A cut splice. A throat seizing. A horse shoe splice. A half crown. I Blocks stropped with a single \ strop and a thimble, i 'Blocks stropped with a, single i strop, to lash round a spar. ( Blocks stropped with a double ( strop, to lash round a spar. Blocks stropped with a double strop and a thimble. Blocks stropped with two single strops to lash a round a spar. Blocks stropped with two single strops and a thimble. Block stropped and seized into a pendant. Royal mast. Fore top-gallant mast. Fore topmast, side view. after view. Lower mast. Jeer block. Securing top-gallant rigging. Securing mizen topmast stay. The after view of all the masts. Side view of all the masts. Dead eye with lanyard for securing shrouds. Securing the lanyard of the fore stay. Securing lower shrouds in turret ships. Securing the main or mizen top- gallant and royal stays. Purchase on the top-gallant and royal breast backstays. How the main topmast stay is rove at the foremast head. Rigging of top-gallant yard. Top-gallant yard arm. Bunt of the top-gallant yard. Rigging of topsail yard. Bunt of the topsail yard. Rigging of the lower yard. Bunt of the lower yard. Chain topsail sheet. Lower yard arm. Jeer block. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Vll 157 ( Top-gallant parrel, n cq' ( Topsail parrel. 1 ,., ■ [ Lower truss. 162. Topsail quarter block. 163. Lower quarter block. ,g. j Clew-garnet block fitted with a • I single tail. 165. Lift block at yard arm. 166. Topsail brace block. 167. Lower brace block at yard arm. 168. Yard tackle pendant. 169. Fore top-mast studding-sail boom. 170. Top-gallant lift and brace iron. 171. Slings for the lower yard. 172. Running-iu bowsprit, how fitted. 173. rigged. 174. Flying boom. 175. Jib boom. 176. Dolphin striker. 178. Spritsail gaflf. 179. Shell, pin, sheave and block. 180. Metal block. 181. Fiddle block. 182. Sister block. 183. Buntline block. 184. Snatch block. 185. Clasp liooks. 186. Internal bound blocks. 187 ) 1 88 ( M^iiltiplying sheeves. 189. Single whip. 190. Runnel. 191. Double whip. 192. Tail jigger. 193. Lufif tackle. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. Top burton. Up and down tackle. Runner and tackle. Sail tackle. Gun tackle. Forestay tackle. Mainstay tackle. 202. Launches purchase. 203. Quarter tackle. 204. Lower lift purchase 205. 206. Top-gallant or royal halliard purchase. Spanish burton. 207. Staying foremast and fore topmast 208 ) 9(18 1 Strops for runner blocks. 209. Lashing for runner block. 2] 0. Lashing a block to a wire rope. 211. Setting up the forestays. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. Setting up lower rigging. Strop. Setting up topmast rigging. Setting up a bobstay. Sending a shroud aloft. Racking a lanyard. Cutting out hemp lower rigging. Putting ratlines on a shroud. Rigging of a bumpkin. \ Dead eyes for repairing a shroud j when carried or shot away. j Fore topsail brace block on main- ) stay. I Clew of topsail with topsail I sheet block, J Clew of course with tack, sheet \ and clew-garnet blocks. \ Purchase for top-gallant yard ) rope. Main bowline. Lower leeohline and slabline blocks. Lower leechline and slabline blocks, side view. Buntline toggle on a course. Brail blocks on a gaff. Trysail sheet. Jib pendant and sheet. Jib lacing. Staysail hanks. Jewel blocks at topsail yard arm. Top-gallant studding-saU tack. Placing a lower crosstree. [ Placing a whole top. Placing a half top. Pointing a topmast. Placing a lower cap. ( Placing topmast crosstrees. Getting a jib-boom out. j Getting the main yard in with j the jib-boom. Hoisting guns in. Hoisting in boats in a masted ship. Hoisting in a steam boat, with derrick and steam winch. Spanker being taken in with ( the lee brails. I Showing the disadvantage of 1 hauling up the weather brails. Passing a head hearing. 1.1 Vlll LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. 272. 273. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 38.'>. 286. 287. 288. 289. 290. 291. 292. Reeftaekle and bowline bridle. Reef becket on the yard. Reef line on the sail. Passing a first reef earing. I Passing a second reef earing. Crossing a top-gallant yai-d. Studding sails ready for setting. Studding sails set. I A hawser passed round a boat \ to haul her up with. A boat towing alongside. ! Boats towing in a line, using their painters. I Boats towing in a line using a 1 tow rope. Fitting for slipping gripes. Caskf rafted broadside on. Casks rafted end on. How to secure the tow rope to the casks when rafted. Martin's anclior. ( Anchors as stowed on the 1 anchor bed. Swivel piece. Cable bitted and ranged. Buoy and buoy rope. Ring stopper. Rope stopper. Blake's slip stopper. Senhouse slip. Clear hawse slip. I CoutrollCT. 293. 294. 295. 296. 297. 298. 299. 300 301 302. 303. 304. 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 310 311. 312. 313. •I Cable taken round the capstan. Catting a Bower anchor. \ Laying out a Stream anchor in a j Launch. I Laying out a Stream anchor between two cutters. I Laying out an anchor under a I Launch from a mastless ship. 1 Laying out an anchor under a I Launch. Laying out an anchor under a Launch from a masted ship. Laying out a Bower anchor between two boats. Mooring span. Putting the mooring s^vivel on. Mooring swivel. Mooring board. Shifting a topsail yard. I Strop on a lower mast for getting I the mast out. f Explaining why a vessel goes I ahead under sail. f Effect of the water on the bows I and rudder of a screw ship. f Effect of the water on the bows I and rudder of a sailing ship. Shows how the pressure is brought on one side of the ship when she is heeling over. ^ Form of a ship's bottom at the < water line when she is heeling ( over. Compass. I Main yard fished with studding [ sail booms, etc. Page 162 — 165. Treatment of the apparently drowned. ,, 170 — 189. Service Rigs of boats. ,, 167. Robinson's method of lowering boats. „ 287. Rocket apparatus. Ac the Main- A/brviral "^.^ ,, „ fore Vice AeLmxral „ ,, iVEaifn. Rear AcbtiircJ. IN BOATS 8r MASTLESS IRONCLADS plain Tla0 No Ball Adnural. „ ., J Ball in. u^^r jvu^ Mmu-al ■ „ „ ain^r cornier J Z SaJZs do Rsar Ad^ruraJ. BROAD PENDANT At Mcun Comnu>dor'e f^ Class .- Tm-t. Sn Z'rf- n Mi^'Tv Senior Officer -prtsEni . .GriftiTLSt C° PortsmoTAtK— UNION JACK: rpHE original National Flag of England was the Banner of St. George, to which the Banner of St. Andrew was united by Royal Proclamation dated 12tli April, 1606. By an order in Council, dated 17th April, 1707, pui-suant to the Act uniting England and Scotland, the Jack of 1707 was approved. On the Union with Ireland, an Order in Council, dated 6th November, 1800, approved of the present Union Jack, which was authorised by Koyal Proclamation 1st January, 1801. Note. — Turn back the Cross of St. George towards the top of the page, and that of St. Patrick towards the bottom, and the Banner of St. Andrew will be uncovered. Place on this the Cross of St. George, the result being the Jack of 1707. Turn back the Cross of St. George, place the Cross of St. Patrick on the St. Andrew Banner, and the Cross of St. George on the Cross of St. Patrick, the result being the Union Jack of 1801, and of the present time. SIGNAL >^L,AGS. C'jropa.bS Peudaj^il ' N^-qaljve I Answer \ JAJiirmahve^'' PENDANTS. Wiien hoisted with oT:Ker f'laqs sicjrafies I jatilude 8l Lontjil-ude , Open 8c Alter course Chur-K. CRI FF1N * C? PORTSMOUTH . ALPHABETICAL PL AG: ne niieiia FormdUuri Line Abreast K rcrniation i (,Xiartej-Lirie For a Pilol M r ani^poi"'' I Semdphuie X lave FUgue q_ '")?-| board iTurningFlag j Shjp jsiroTTi a place "w^hBre Q- IPiague ewsts I Watch Flag j^. NUMEPAL FLAG Smqle Lme iS^ibdiYisions 8 Recan 9 Positiori AstyiTi Positior Abeam. Position Quarterly Union ■Jack SPECIAL FLAGS. ^" ^AfFu-mabve &- : 4- +1 T Keqabive Preparative Chase, B Blue Peter RIFFIN * CP Torpedo Boats Bhie Burgee PORTSMOUTH INTERNATIONAL CODE B f^ D G H LI M CODE SIGNAL A ANSWERING PENDANT. K P M M N R II V w\ NATIONAL FLAGS MERCHANT FLAQ. \R G E NTI NE REP. AUSTBO- HUNGARY. UpJ BELGIUM NH BOLIVIA. f .: I I*. * MERCHANT FLAG COLUM Bl A . / C O ST A ft I Ca . CONGO STATE. Sep DENMARK. es DOM I N I CAN REP. Irifim 5. 0^ PoilsmoutK NATIONAL FLAGS. MERCHANT TLAG EC U A D O R . II pi FRANCE. GERMANY. b c GREECE. I OOATAMALA. H A W A I A N . P™ MERCHANT FLAG FP HONDURAS. hi I T A L Y. LIBERIA, 1 "H MADAGASCAR ! Ill m I MEXICO MONACO Vriflm & C° Poitsmoufh