Cornell University Library HD4966.R12U4 1918 Report of the Railroad Wage Commission t 3 1924 001 264 039 N Y.S. SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL & LABOR RELATIONS C.U, THE LIBRARY OF THE NEW YORK STATE SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924001264039 UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION Repobt OFTHE Railroad Wage Commission TO THE DiRECTOB General of Railroads April30,I9I8. Washington. RailFoad Wage Commission # 1918 >-s>^ UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION Repobt OFTHE "♦ Railroad Wage Commission TO THE DIBECT0I2 General of Railroads April30,I9I8. Washington. Railroad Wage Commission 1918 Bepoer or The /e/iiL/sa^a W/ieE C:ommissjoN IHE RAILROAD WASE COMMISSIOJJ Franklin K. Lane, Ghairman, Charles C« MoChord J. Harrjr Covington William R. Willoox Frederick W. Lelmiann, General Counsel W. A. Ryan, Secretary JSepoist or The ISailboad Wage Commission Letter ef TranamlttaJ. 0.1 To the Director General of Bailroads: Sir: I have the honor to transmit here- with the report of the Conuaission, ap- pointed and operating under the author- ity and jurisdiction conferred ^by your General Order No. 5, dated January 18, 1918. Signed: Chainnan PRCrZRTY OF LIBF^ARY Ml VOLK STATE Srf!n^i IKBUSiniAL Af^B LAEGe RlLAT!G!:S CORNELL. UNIVERSITY JSepoist or The £ailqqad Wage Commission Copy of General Order Creating tlie Bailroad Wage Commission and defining Its Authority and Jui-lgdictlon. DIRECTOR OEHER&L OP RA.ILROADS. Washington January- 18, 1918. GEHEBAL ORHBR N0.5. Pursuant to the authority vested in me as Director General of Railroads by the President of the United States in his proclamation of December 26, 1917, I herehy create a Railroad Wago Commission and name as the members thereof, Franklin E. l£me. Secretary of the Interior; Charles C. McChord, Member of the Inter- state Commerce Commission; J. Hariy Covington, Chief Justice of the Sttpreme Court of the District of Columbia, and William R. Willcox of New York. IT IS ORDERED AND DIRECTED THA.T: The Commission shall make a general investigation of the compensation of persons in the railroad service, the relation of railroad -wages to -wages in other industries, the conditions re- specting -wages in different parts of the country, the special emer- gency respecting -wages which exists at this time owing to war con- ditions and high cost of living, as well as the relation between different classes of railroad la"bor. The Commission shall begin its labors at once, and make report to the Director General, giving its recommendations in general terms as to ohaiages in existing compensations that should be made. Officers, agents and employees of the railroads are directed to furnish to the Railroad Wage Commission upon request all information it may require In the course of its investigation. (Signed) W. G. MoAdoo, Director General of Railroads. Pep OCT OF Tne I5^il^o/id W/ige Co/w/yj/ss/oA/ TABLE OF OOSIBHIS Page Baport of Oommlaslon 7 Wage Semanda 10 lablea of Percenliage Inoreaaes r.20 to 27 itpplioation of the Soale. 26 Hoars of Servioe. 32 Overtime Fay 35 Appr ent i oes. 36 Floating Squipment Employees 36 n&ge Adjustments by Other Boards 37 Effective Date of Inoreases 37 Diaployment of Women 38 Discrimination Against Employees 39 Salaries of Officials 40 Fexnauent Wage Tribunals 41 Signatures to report 44 Agpendiac I ... 45 SBEAT BEITAIN Bailroad Wage Adjustments, Cost of Living, etc 47 to 67 KB^CE Bailroad Wage Adjustments, Cost of Living, etc 69 to 77 niriZEJ) STATES Appendix II 79 Cost of Living 1917-1918 ooapared idtb 1915 79 Belative Price Changes 62 Porobasing Power of a Dollar 83 Sources of Basic Data....... 83 Food 63 Bents 84 Clothing 84 Eliel and Light. 84 Sundries 85 Table 1 - Conparison of Four Independent Studies of Cost of Living........ 86 Table 2 - Can^arison of Various Fazaily Budget Studies 67 Family Budgets 88 Table 3 - Sunnary of Besults 89 Chart Illustrating Besults 90 /P£Poer OF The /e/j/teo/io VY/^ge Com/yiiss/o/^ SABLE OF COHTEUIS - Gontinaed Page Table 4 - Percent Distribution of Total Expenses 91 Table 5 - Percent Increase of 1917 over 1915. • 92 (See also Page 60) Table 6 - DetailB of Family Budget Studies 93 ^pendix III • 9& Bnployeea of Bailroads, Grouped by Uontlily Hates • 96 Ajppendix lY 97 Average monthly earnings by Oooupationsl Glasses Year Snded December 31, 1917 • 98 Biiployees and Their Compensation for the Year Ended December 31, 1917, by Ooonpatlonal Clfissee^ 99-100 Estimate of Increased Cost Be suiting From Application of Commission's Aurard 101-102 J^pendi:! Y 103 Application of Eeoommended Increases to all Classes of Bnployees Other than those in Train and Engine Seirvioe. •••• 103-105 Daily Wages - Recommended Increases Old Dally Bates - Hew Daily Bates.. 106-108 Daily Bates Beduced to Monthly Wages - 26 Day Basis Bficoofflended Increases - Old and New Wage 109-111 Daily Bates Beduced to Monthly Wages - 31 Day Month Becommended Increases - Old and Hew Wage....... 112-114 Hourly Bates - Becommended Increases Old and New Bates 115-121 Illustration of Becommended Increases in Bates 122-130 Appendix YI - TBAIN AND ENGINE Sa£S7ICE 131-132 Becommended Increases in Hates Per 100 Miles Passenger Train Service 133 Freight Train Service 134-135 Illustrations of Becommended Increases.. 136-137 Appendix YII 139 Prevailing Hours of Service in Eailroad Snployment December 1917 138-140 Appendix YIII 141 Average Hourly Earnings by Occupational Glioses of Hailroad Qnployees - 1915, 1916, 1917 142 Appendix IX. ... 143 Sources of Information 143-148 Appendix X. 149 Statistics of the Pullman Company, Yea^s 1915 - 1917. 149-156 Bepoist or The ISailqoad Wage Commission April 30, 1918 TO THE DIHECTOK GESEHAl OF HAILROifflS: To malce an inTestigation of the wages and hours of the more than tvro mllllou railroad workers now in the employ of this (jovemmeat has been a matter of engrossing interest. To ask of a man, "Wiat wages should you in justice receive?" is to ask perhaps the profoundest of all human questions. He is at onoe ooDopelled to an appraisement of his own contrlhution to the general good. He must look not selfishly on his own materi- al needs, but take a far view of the needs of those dependent upon him. He must go into the whole involved problem of his re- lationship with his fellows, and to answer the question aright he must in the end come to a jud^ent which will be nothing less than a determination of what policy or plan of wage adjustment will make for the permanent well-being of the State. We have searched for no such ultimate ansv/er, if there can be one. But our investigation sought to reveal the insistent problems that confronted these workers, and such recommendations as we make aure the practical answers to an immediate and direct question: What does fair dealing at this time require shall be done for these people, who are rendering an essential service to the &epo/sr or The /?/jjl/so/id W/I6E Com/vhss/oa/ nation in the practioal oonduot of this industry? That question to the mind, of the Commisaion Is qaal- iflod materially by the phrase "at this time". The existing state of war prohibits anything approximating a detemlnation of ideal conditions. !I!he exceptional call tiiat has bean made upon the rail- roads, and upon practically all other fozma of industry In the country, since the Qnlted States entered the ^>ar over a year ago, has created an abnoxmal demand for labor. Wages have al'nays re- sponded to a degree to the lav of supply and donand. As a result of the war, the prices of the necessities of life have been mount- ing to unheard of levels. The railroads, with the pressure upon them for greatly Increased transportation facilities, have been confronted with the problem of asldng increased exertion on the part of labor at a time of extreme competitive labor denand ai^ at a time when the purchasing power of the pay is ahocUngly small. The Oommlsslon has consequently considered the railroad wage problem with the idea that the Government must courageously direct its attention toward the maintenance of rates of wages for the railroad employees viiloh are still adequate for those \dxo, as they patriotically labor, reoogniae that the war has brought to us all thd necessity for sacrifice. In undertalElng its comprehensive labor of detex^ minlzig in a broad spirit what fair dealing at this time does require to be dons by the Government for the railroad eiqc>loyees, the JSepobt of The £ailqoad Wage Commission Connlssion held a large number of pabllo hearings. It requested to e^pear before it at those hearings, representatives of all classes of enployeeB, organized and unorganized, in the service of the railroads. Xhoae who came to spealc for these employees were given a fUll opportunity to present their views concerning tiig character and conditions of the wozic perfoimed by those for v^om they spoke, and the necessity for an increased compensation to be paid them. In addition to 'Qie statements preaested at the hearings on behalf of the eiq>loyees, hundreds of letters, written statements and petitions which were cent to the Commission by individual em- ployees and by oxganlzations of onployees, were classified, anal- yzed and considered by Ibe Coimission in connection with the oral statements. Men In the service of the railroads, «bo during the period of operation and control by the private owners thereof bad directly to do with the work performed by the various classes of anployees, and with the detemlnation of the rates of compensation and conditions of employment, were also heard, not' in controversy with the employees, but to give eull the information they could con- cerning the work of the various classes of employees, the reasons for the existing differentials In wages between different classes, the extent to which increases in wages had already been given to meet the present exigency, and the extent to which increases ought to be given at the present time. Gepoer or The ^/i/Lisa^o W/jge Com/yiiss'o/^ VASE IKMANSS The requests which have come to us for wage in- creases would, if fully granted, involve an additional outlay in wages Of somewhat over one billion dollars per year in excess of the wage fund of last year, vdiich exceeded two billions. Some asked for an Increase of one hundred per cent in liiieir pay, and from this they graduated downward to ten per cent. Hone were sat- isfied with their present wages. If we eissume that this total sum should be given, the problem would at once arise as to its distribution. Quite evidently the need or the desert of eaush class of labor is not to be measured by its demands. The bolder should not be given all they ask merely for their boldness, while the more modest are insufficiently rewarded for the service they render because of tiieir modesty. Some had evidently thought out their claims with particular respect to their power to con^el concessions, vAiile others based their demands upon the exceptional character of the services given, the long experience and the training or character required. Still others found this a proper time to put forwaird claims which they felt were but a slender part of what justice would award, were the viiole scheme of wage-malcing to be taken up afresh imder a new order of things. To re-classify the many hundreds of employments 10 £EPoeT OF The ISailisoad Wage Commission In vdiich. the tno million railroad inorkers engage w>uld be a task oalling for more timet siclll. Insight and imowledge than we possess'. At the outset, It iras seen that there were grave Inequalities in the rates of wages paid. But who should sa^ ^at relationship each olass of employees should bear to the other? Abstractly, why should an engineer receive $170 per month, and a telegraph operator $90 s^T month? What ratio should the messenger boy's wage bear to that of a brakeman, or that of a machinist's helper to a section boss, or that of a billing cleric to a train despatoher? Or to be still more particular, what should be the proportionate wage of train- men and stationmen? Should there, in fact, be, or could any scien- tific scheme be devised by which there might be arrived at, some proper and certain method of determining the wage of a carpenter as against that of an electrician? So if the full amount of the claims were granted we should still be met with a problem Impossible of certain solution - the proportionate share out of the total wage fund that should go to anyone. In the world of econonlcs this situation has been met by the single application of supply and demand, which is in turn now varied, affectedand modified by those limitations aris- ing out of the artiflclail, but necessary and historic methods of collective bargaining. These forces have classified employments, in the growth of the railroads there has consequently been evolved no U 2£Posr or The /d/j/L/so/io W/iaE CoM/yiiSs/o/v other plan for such classifioation, and no solentifio relationship between Vn» wages paid. Xhe proposal that a new olassification should 1)e attempted is one which, to say the least, may not 'be ac- cepted now. ITevertheless, there stands out one dominating fact, recognized by railroad workers as well as hy railroad officials, - a conclusion oonqQelled by that large sense of equity which governs where logical processes fail - that the lower grades of railroad enyaloyment, those in which the supply of labor has been less re- striotedi and where organization has been difficult, if not im- poBsible, deserve wage increases out of proportion to the increases for those in superior grades. In treating of different orafts, it is not with- out interest to recall that each of tiiose workers vbo appeared made claim, with a quite manifest and very proper pride, that without his kind of labor the railroads could not be operated. .And being essential to the large scheme, each asked that this pivotal nature of his work should be recognized in the wages paid. The train despatoher spoke with enthusiasm of the large responsibilities that he bore, and he was followed by the section man, ready for call at every moment, a minute-man, without whom train despatoher and train would alike be useless. So by slow steps as our inquiry proceeded we cetne to see that the only practicable way of dealing with a problem so indented with de- tail and so complex was to meet it on a large scale. 12 J3EPOJ3T OF The 2aili30Ad Wage Commiss/on Should there te any increase in wages to these men in the railroad service? The radlroads themselves have for the past two years been answering this question by yielding, some with a wise prevision, and others too slowly for their own good, to the reqiiests of their employees. It took neither tables nor charts nor briefs to malce evident that, if the roads were to hold those men they had, concession must be made to the imperious demand of rising prices for the staples of living. Furthermore, an unprecedented call had come for men of certain trades in connection with the new industries that had been created by the war in Europe, and thie, long before our entry into the conflict. Machinists and ironworkers of all kinds found themselves to be essential to the great munition ^pl ants, and day labor of the most unskilled oliaracter rose into high demand. To meet this competition, the roads had advanced wages by slow steps at first, and later more rapidly. It is hardly realized that the roads themselves have in two years, 1916 and 1917, increased wages approximately three hundred and fifty million dollars per yesir, if applied to the present number of their employees. But these advances were not in any way uniform, either as to employments, or as to amounts ,. or as to roads, so that one class of labor benefitted much more than another on the same road, and as between roads, there was the greatest divergence. The situation had been dealt with as pressure made necessary, and 13 JSEPOisTor The eAiLaoAD Wage Commission naturally those who, by organization or through force of competi- tion, ooulcl exert moat pressure fared best. Things came to a head just before the Government tools over the railroads. Another tliree months of private management and v/e would have seen mach more ex- tensive concessions in wages, or there would have followed an un- fortunate series of labor disturbanoea. The Clovemment therefore has now to meet what would have come about in the natural course. Indeed, the impatience of the men was only allayed, after Government intervention, by the assurance that the matter of wages would be promptly taken up and that the awarded increases would be retroactive as of January 1st of this year. The Government now enjoys this position of dis- tinction - it is not yielding to threats; it la not compelled to a course by fear of any unpatriotic outburst; it is not malting concessions to avoid disaster. There has been no hint that such a policy would be pursued by those who have it within their povrer. The right thing "at this time", a measure of Justice, consideration for the needs of the men, whether organized or unorganized, whether replaceable or not replaceable - these are the standards that we have sought to meet. By what amount have the railroad workers been disadvantaged by reason of the war, and how may that disad- vantaige be overcome with the largest degree of equity, assuming that, in oominon with all who do not v.lsh to exploit the opportunl- 14 Pepoer or The /5/i/L/eo/io YV/iaE Co/yimiss/o/v ties Mi^ch the war affords, these worlcers osnnot have and will not expeot a full meeting of the entire burden? The course of first suggestion is to allow a uniform increase of so many dollars per month to eewsh worizer. This is the policy England has pursuedt as is shovm in ^pendix I of this report. It has the advantage of slisplioity; 'but to oar minds it fails pri- marily in draving the distinotion between those ^ose need is great- est and those who have largest leeway for sacrifice. To make a unlfoim wage increase of > say, $20 per month, would increase the railroad budget by nearly five hundred million dollars a year. It would be a boon to many \diose wages are low, but in its uniformity, it would fail to adapt itself to the varying needs of those whom it is intended to serve. We have had a most exhaustive study made of the coat of living, today, as contrasted with the cost of living in the latter part of 1915, when by the reaction of the European war the Merioan people first felt keenly the increase in the burdens of life and the need for higher wages. This study has been made without reference, primarily, to those quite thorough investigations which have been carried on by the Department of Labor, other governmental, and many private agencies. And to our minds it conclusively establishes two things, (1) that the cost of living has increased disproportionately among those of small incomes, and (2) that there is a point up to which it is 15 / Sepogt of The ISailisoad Wage Commission essential that the full increased cost shall be allowed as a wage inoreaset while from this point on the increase may be gradually diminished. (See ^pendix II.) This study of the cost of living mas not madei from p^ar statistics exclusively, by the gathering of prices and com- parisons of theoretical budgets. It was in no inconsiderable part an actual study from life, one of the most interesting and valuable groups of figures having been gathered by the newspapers of the country, by interviews with those of the working class, and the inspection of their simple books of accounts. Roughly, it ma^ be said that the man who received $65 a month on January 1, 1916 now needs 40 per cent additional to his wage to give him the same liv- ing that he had then. Below that wage a larger percentage must be allowed, because the opportunity for substitution and other methods of thrift decline almost to a vanishing point, while above that wage a growing proportion of the Increase will go to those things essential to cultured life, but non-essential to actual living. In fairness, therefore, a sufficient increase should be given to maintain that standard of living which had obtained in the pre-war period, when, confessedly, prices and wages were both low. Ai>d upon those who can best afford to sacrifice should be cast the greater burden. Another argument -Uiat is compelling as against the 16 Pepoer of The ^/}il/30/io YV/Hge Co/yfM'Ss/o/v uniform Inorease In existing wages ia the unalterable faot that to give an equal amount, now, to all, would be giving to some a double increase, that which -tiiey had received from the railroads during the last two years, and that which the government might award. For not all of the railroads made increases to the same classes, and no two made awards in the same percentages, even with- in the same groups of employments. Xhe line of Increases drawn upon a chart looks like a deeply serrated mountain chain. To add to all, uniformly, would be bat to accentuate the inequali- ties resulting from the promptness of some roads as against the backwardness of others In meeting their worlanen's needs. There is high authority for saying that "to him that hath, shall be given, but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath". This dictum as to the way of -the world we take to have bean the recognition of a fact, not the endorsement of an ideal. And the plan we recommend is an expression of the reverse policy. We take from no man that which he hath, insuring him as much as he has now (for no wages are to be lowered], but we would add materially to the fund of those who have least. And of these there are many. It has been a somewhat popular impression that railroad enployees were among the most highly paid workers. But figures gathered from the railroads disposed of this belief. Fifty-one per cent of all employees during December 1917 received $75 per month or less. 17 Pepo^T OF The ff^/Leo/io Wage Co/yiMiSs/o/^ And eighty per cent received $100 per month or less. Even among the loocraotive engineers, ooiunonly spoken of as highly paid, a pre- ponderating number receives less than $170 per month, and this com- pensation they have attained hy the most compact and complete or- ganization, handled vdth a full appreciation of all strategic values. Between the grades receiving from |150 to $250 per month, there is included less than three per cent of all the employees (excluding officials) and these aggregate less than sixty thousand men out of a grand total of two million. (See ifipendix 111.) The greatest number of employees, on all the roads, fall into the class receiving between $60 and $65 per month - 181,693; 'viiile within the range of the next ten dollars in monthly salary there is a total of 312,761 persons. In December 1917 there were 111,477 clerics receiving annual pay of $900 or less. In 1917 the average pay of this class -was but $56.77 per month. There were 270,855 sectionmen whose average pay as a claiss was $50.31 per month; 121,000 other tinsldlled laborers whose average pay v/as $58.25 per month; 130,075 station service employees -vAiose average pay was $58.57 per month; 75,325 road freight brakemen and flagmen \ihose average pay was $100.17 per month; and 16,465 road passenger brake- men and flagjnen whose average pay was $91.10 per month. (See Appendices ill and IV). These, it is to be noted, are not pre-war figures; they represent conditions after a year of war, and two years of 18 £epoist or The Gailqoad Wage Commission rising prices. And each dollar now represents in its power to pur- chase a place in vriiioh to live, food to eat, and clothing to wear, tut 71 cents as against the 100 cents of January 1, 1916. That there has been such steadfast loyalty to the railroads, and so slight a disposition to use the lever of their necessity and their opportanity to compel, by ruthless action, an increase of wages, is not without significance and, should not he passed without public recognition. With the various conditions which have been detailed all in mind, the Commission has reached the conclusion that the fairest method of dealing with the problem of wage increases is to awetrd increases on the follovdng scale: 19 Pepoer or Tne B/^tL/ao^o W/ige Commiss/on \ 2 3 4 To the Monthly Add the -Equiva- Maidne Hew Bate of Pay of Men Percent lent to Bate Per Beoelving in named Amount Month as Secenher, 1915i In named In Shown In the founts Hamed Zhls This This in this Coluzm Column Coliimn Column Under $46 ^ 120.00 . 46.01 to 47 43 20.21 67.21 47.01 to 48 43 20.64 68.64 48.01 to 49 43 21.07 70.07 49.01 to 50 43 21.50 71.50 50.01 to 51 42.35 21.60 72,60 51.01 to 52 41.73 21.70 73.70 52.01 to 53 41 21.73 74.73 53.01 to 54 41 22.14 76.14 54.01 to 55 41 22.55 77.55 55.01 to 56 41 22.96 78.96 56.01 to 57 41 23.27 80.37 57.01 to 58 41 23.78 81.78 58.01 to 59 41 24.19 83.19 59.01 to 60 41 24.60 84.60 60.01 to 61 41 25.01 86.01 61.01 to 62 41 25.42 87.42 62.01 to 63 41 25.83 88.83 63.01 to 64 41 26.24 90.24 64.01 to 65 41 26.65 91.65 65.01 to 66 41 27.06 93.06 66.01 to 67 41 27.47 94.47 67.01 to 68 41 27.88 95.88 68.01 to 69 41 28.29 97.29 69.01 to 70 41 28.70 98.70 70.01 to 71 41 29.11 100.11 71.01 to 72 41 29.52 101.52 72.01 to 73 41 29.93 102.93 73.01 to 74 41 30.34 104.34 74.01 to 75 41 30.75 105.75 Columns 2 and 3 In the above table are explanatory of the method of arriving at Xob "new rates" included In Column 4. The roads will substitute for the "old rates" of December 1915 scheduled in Col, 1 the "new rates" listed In Col. 4. 20 JSepoist or The £ailqoad Wage Commission 1 2 3 4 To the Monthly Add the Equiva- Mailing New Bate of Pay of Men Percent lent to Bate Per Beoelving In named Amount Uonth as December, ViVo, in Named in Shown in the itaaoonts Haned Shis This This in Ihls Column Column Column Column $75.01 to 76 41 $31,16 $107.16 76.01 to 77 41 31.57 108.57 77.01 to 78 41 31,98 109.98 78.01 to 79 41 32.39 111.39 79.01 to 80 40.81 32.70 112.70 80.01 to 81 40.44 32,75 113.75 81.01 to 82 40 32.80 114.80 82.01 to 83 40 33.20 116.20 83.01 to 84 40 33.50 117.60 84.01 to 85 40 34.00 119,00 85.01 to 86 39.36 33.85 119.85 86.01 to 87 S8.74 33.70 120.70 87.01 to 8^ 36.13 33.55 121.55 88.01 to 89 S7.53 33.40 122.40 89.01 to 90 36.95 33.25 123.25 90.01 to 91 36.38 33.10 124.10 91.01 to 92 35.82 32.95 124.95 92.01 to 93 35.27 32.80 125.80 93.01 to 94 34.74 32.65 126.65 94.01 to 95 34.22 32.50 127.50 95.01 to 96 33.70 32,35 128.35 96.01 to 97 33.20 32.20 129.20 97.01 to 98 32.71 32.05 130.05 98.01 to 99 32.23 31.90 130.90 99.01 to 100 31.75 31.75 131.75 100.01 to 101 31.29 31.60 132.60 101.01 to 102 30.84 31,45 133.45 102.01 to 103 30.39 31,30 134.30 103.01 to 104 29.96 31.15 135.15 104.01 tg. 105 29.53 31.00 136,00 Columns 2 and 3 in the above table are explanatory of the method of arriving at the "new rates" included in Column 4. The roads will substitute for the "old rates" of December 1915 scheduled in Col. 1 the "new rates" listed in Col. 4, 21 JSeport or The Pailisoad Wage Commission 1 2 3 4 To the Monthly Add the Equiva- Making Hew Bate of Pay of Men Percent lent to Bate Per Becei-Ting in named Mount Month As Decanber, 1915, in named in Shown in the Mounts Named This This This In This Oolunm Column Coliunn Column $105.01 to 106 29.11 $30.85 $136.85 106.01 to 107 26.70 30.70 1E7.70 107.01 to 108 28.29 30.55 138.55 108.01 to 109 27.89 30.40 139.40 109.01 to 110 27.50 30.25 140.25 110.01 to 111 27.12 30.10 141.10 111.01 to 112 26.74 29.95 141.95 112.01 to 113 26.38 29.80 142.80 113.01 to 114 26.01 29.65 143.65 114.01 to 115 25.66 29.60 144.50 115.01 to 116 25.31 29.35 145.35 116.01 to 117 24.96 29.20 146.20 117.01 to 118 24.62 29.05 147.05 118.01 to 119 24.29 28.90 147.90 119.01 to 120 23.96 28.75 148.75 ft 120.01 to 121 23.64 28.60 149.60 121.01 to 122 23.32 28.45 150.45 122.01 to 123 23.01 28.30 151.30 123.01 to 124 22.70 28.15 152.15 124.01 to 125 22.40 28.00 153.00 125.01 to 126 22.11 27.85 153.85 126.01 to 127 21.81 27.70 154.70 127.01 to 128 21.53 27.55 155.55 128.01 to 129 21.E4 27.40 156.40 129.01 to 130 20.96 27.25 157.25 130.01 to 131 20.69 27.10 158.10 131.01 to 132 20.42 26.95 158.95 132.01 to 133 20.15 26.60 159.80 133.01 to 134 19.89 26.65 160.65 134.01 to 1S5 19.63 26.50 161.50 columns 2 and 3 in the above table ar« eaqilanatory of the method of arriving at the "new rates" included in Column 4. The roads will substitute for the "old rates" of December 1915 scheduled in floi i the "new rates" listed in Col. 4. 22 Pepo/sr or The /d/fiLeo/>D W/^ge Commiss/oaj 1 234 To the Monthly Add The Equivar- Making New Hate of Pay of Men Percent lent to Bate Per HeoelTing in named Amount Month as December, 1915, in named in Shown in the ilmounts named this this this in this Ooliinm Coliimn Column Column ^35.01 to 136 19.38 $26.35 #162.35 163.20 136.01 to 137 19.13 26.20 137.01 to 138 18.88 26.05 164.05 138.01 to 139 18.64 25.90 164.90 139.01 to 140 18.39 25.75 165.75 140.01 to 141 18,16 25.60 166.60 141.01 to 142 17.92 25.45 167.45 142.01 to 143 17.69 25.30 168.30 143.01 to 144 17.47 25.15 169.15 144.01 to 145 17.24 25.00 170.00 145.01 to 146 17.02 24.85 170.85 146.01 to 147 16.80 24.70 171.70 147.01 to 148 16.59 24.55 172.55 148.01 to 149 16.38 24.40 173.40 149.01 to 150 , 16.17 24.25 174.25 150,01 to 151 15.96 24.10 175.10 151.01 to 152 15.76 23.95 175.95 152.01 to 153 15.56 23.80 176.80 153.01 to 154 15.36 23.65 177.65 154.01 to 155 15.16 23.50 178.50 155.01 to 156 14.97 23.35 179.35 156.01 to 157 14.78 23.20 180.20 157.01 to 158 14.59 23.05 181.05 158.01 to 159 14.40 22.90 181.90 159.01 to 160 14.22 22.75 182.75 160.01 to 161 14.04 22.60 183.60 161,01 to 162 13.86 22.45 184.45 162.01 to 163 13.68 22.30 185.30 163.01 to 164 13.51 22.15 186.15 164,01 to 165 13.33 22.00 187,00 Coluffios 2 and 3 In the above table are explanatory of the method of arriving at the "new rates" included in Column 4. The roads will substitute for the "old rates" of December 1915 scheduled in Col. 1 the "new rates" listed in Col. 4. 23 BepoBT or The ^/t/L/SO/fP W/IGE CoM'^iI'SS/o/^ 1 2 3 4 To the Monthly Add the Equiva- Making New Rate of Pay of Men Percent lent to Rate Per Receiving In Named Amount Month as Deoeater, 1915, in Named in Shown in the founts Baaed this this this in this Column Coltmn Column Column 165.01 to 166 13.16 21.85 187,85 166.01 to 167 13.00 21.70 138,70 167.01 to 168 12.83 21.55 189,55 168.01 to 169 12.68 21.40 190,40 169.01 to 170 12.50 21.25 191.25 170.01 to 171 12.34 21.10 192.10 171.01 to 172 12.18 20.95 192.96 172,01 to 178 12.02 20.80 193.80 172.01 to 174 11.87 20.65 194.65 174.01 to 178 11.71 20.50 195.50 175.01 to 176 11.66 20.35 196.36 176.01 to 177 11.41 20.20 197.20 £98.05 177.01 to 176 11.26 20.05 178.01 to 179 11.12 19,90 198.90 179.01 to 180 10.9? 19,76 199.75 180.01 to 181 10.83 19,60 200.60 181.01 to 182 10.69 19,45 201.46 182.01 to 183 10.55 19,30 202.30 16Z.01 to 184 10.41 19,15 203.16 184.01 to 18S 10.27 19,00 204.00 185.01 to 166 10.14 18,85 204.86 186.01 to 187 10.00 18,70 206.70 187.01 to 188 9.87 18,55 206.56 188.01 to 189 9.74 18,40 207.40 189.01 to 190 9,61 18,25 206.26 190.01 to 191 9.48 18.10 209.10 191.01 to 192 9.36 17,95 209.95 192.01 to 193 9.22 17.80 210.80 193.01 to 194 9.10 17,65 211.66 194.01 to 195 8.97 17,50 212.60 Columns 2 and 3 In the above table are explanatory of the method of arriving at the "new rates" included in Column 4. The roads will substitute for the "old rates" of December 1915 scheduled in Col. 1 the "new rates" listed in Col. 4. 2» Report of The £ailqoad Wage Commission 1 2 3 4 To the Moathly Add the Eciuivar- Mald.ng New Bate of fay of Hen Percent lent to Bate Per BaoeiTlng In Named Amount Month as Seoember, 1915. in Named in Showi in the Monnts Named This This This In Xhis Colunn Colium Column Column tl95.01 to 196 8.85 $17.35 1213.35 196.01 to 197 6.73 17.20 214.20 197.01 to 198 8.61 17.05 215.05 198.01 to 199 8.49 16.90 215.90 199.01 to 200 8.275 16.75 216.75 200.01 to 201 8.26 16.60 217.60 201.01 to 202 8.14 16.45 218.45 202.01 to 203 e.03 16.30 219.30 203.01 to 204 7.92 16.15 220.15 204.01 to 20& 7.80 16.00 221.00 205.01 to 206 7.69 15.65 221.85 206.01 to 207 7.58 16.70 222.70 207.01 to 208 7.48 15.65 223.55 808.01 to 209 7.37 15.40 224.40 209.01 to 210 7.26 15.25 225.25 210.01 to 2U 7.16 15.10 226.10 211.01 to 212 7.05 14.95 226.95 212.01 to 213 6.^5 14.80 227.80 213.01 to 214 6.85 14.65 228.65 214.01 to 215 6.74 14.50 229.50 215.01 to 216 6.64 14.35 230.35 216.01 to 217 6.54 14.20 231.20 217.01 to 218 6.445 14.05 232.05 218.01 to 219 6.35 13.90 232.90 219.01 to 220 6.25 13.75 233.75 220.01 to 221 6.15 13.60 234.60 221.01 to 222 6.06 13.46 235.45 222.01 to 223 S.96 13.30 236.30 223.01 to 224 5.87 13.15 237.15 224.01 to 225 6.78 13.00 238.00 Coluffins 2 and 3 in the above tab Le are explanatory of the method of arriving at the "new rates" ino Luded iD Column 4. !I!he rnadfl will Bubstltute for the "old rates" of ] DeoanbM? 1915 scheduled in Col. 1 thrt "new rates" listed in Col. 4. 26 e£Posr or Tne £/itLieo/!DW/iGE Comm/SS^o/v 1 2 3 4 To the Monthly Md the Kquiva^ Making New Bate of Pay of Men Percent lent to Rate Per Beoeivlng in Named Amount Month As December, 1915, in named in Sho\m in the Mounts named saiis This This in This Column Colunm Colunm Oolumn 225.01 to 226 5.69 12.85 238.85 226.01 to 227 5.595 12.70 239.70 227.01 to 228 5.50 12,55 240.55 228.01 to 229 5.415 1£.40 241.40 229.01 to 230 5.33 12.25 242.25 230.01 to 231 5.24 12.10 243.10 231.01 to 232 5.15 11.95 245.95 232.01 to 233 5.055 11.80 244.80 233.01 to 234 4.98 11.65 245.65 234.01 to 235 4.89 11.50 246.50 235.01 to 236 4.81 11.35 247.35 236.01 to 237 4.73 11.20 248.20 237.01 to 238 4.64 11.05 249.05 238.01 to 239 4.56 10.90 249.90 239.01 to 240 10.00 250.00 240.01 to 241 9.00 250.00 241.01 to 242 8.00 250.00 242.01 to 243 7.00 250.00 243.01 to 244 6.00 250.00 244.01 to 245 5.00 250.00 245.01 to 246 4.00 250.00 246.01 to 247 3.00 250.00 247.01 to 248 2.00 250.00 248.0X to 249 1.00 250.00 249.01 to 250 .00 250.00 Coliunns 2 and 3 in the above table are esplanatory of the method of arriving at the "new rates" included in Column 4. The roads will substitute for the "old rates" of December 1915 scheduled in Col. 1 the "new rates" listed in Col. 4. 26 Pepoer of The /S/^iteo/iD Wage Co/n/vitss/o/v In applying the increases prescribed in the preceding tables to the Mjages of men paid on a monthly basia, the roada will substitute for each group of monthly wages of 1915f as listed in Column 1, the amouut named in Colmmi 4, on laie same line. The Inclusion of the percentages contained in Columa 2 is merely to explain the method of arriving at the amounts contained in Colxuan 3. which added to the maximum amount for each group named in Column 1 produces the "new rate per month" shown in Column 4* on 'Uxe same line* 27 Be PORT OF The ISailqoad Wage Commission ^plioatlon of tbese new wages to the present pay- rolls of tiie railroctds, as nearly as may l>ei indioates that the net wage increases granted vidll approximate $300,000,000 a year. The magnitude of this amount is not staggering when the irtiole ezpendi- tore for wages on tbe railroads is considered. And whatever its effect upon the mind may boi we regard such an expenditure as nec- essary for the immediate allaying of a feeling that cannot be wisely fostered by ^national inaction, and as not one dollar more than justice at this time requires. It will malce hard places smoother for many who are now in sore need. It gives no bounty. It is not a bonus. It is no more than an honorable meeting of an obligation. AFfLICAXIO:! OF SHE SCALB These Increases are to be applied to the rates of wages in effect on December 31, 1915. They do not represent a net increase at this time. Because our figures as to the increase of living costs have been gathered with reference to the two year period, January 1916 - ksv^X 1918, the wage increases are reolc- oned with respect to the same dates. The telegrapher who holds the ssme position today that he did the last day of December, 1915, and tdio then received $75 a month and has received no increase since, will receive an additional wage of $30.75 per month. If he has received an increase In these two years of $10 per month. 28 Pefoer or The ^^ilko/idW^oe CoM/^i^SJOfv the reoornnended increase of his wage will be out down by that mach, malcisg his net adyaaoe $20.75. The section hand vdto on December 31, 1915 received a wage of ^0 per month will receive an increase of $21.50 per month, less whatever his' monthly wa^ as section man may have been advanced in the intervening two years. In the ^plication of the scale the wage runs with the place. If in the past two years an employee has been promot- ed, his new wage is based upon the rate of increase applicable to the new schedule 'governing the new place. BeduotlouB in hours are not to be regarded as in- creases in pay. Shis rale is made necessary - first, by its Jus- tice, for it is not to be contemplated that hours are reduced to decrease eamixigs; and, second, by the impracticability of apply- ing any other rule. In some cases the decrease in daily hours did effect an increase in total wages paid, by reason of overtime, but in other oases, witere the railroads adjusted themselves to an eight- or a nine-hour day, there was no increase in the monthly conipenaatlon. To differentiate between these cases would be an interminable task. Moreover, we assume the good faith of all re- duotidns in hoars as being what they pretend to be. Shere are some few cases where the roads, by 29 9£Poi5T OF The l?/}iL/eo/^D W/ige Commiss/on reason of abnonnal conditions, largely local, and arising out of the extreme coii^)etitlon in certain trades, have granted wage in- creases iffMah will well nigh cover, if not altogether cover, the increases here made. As to those who have received such increases, we ad-Tise no other course than that the scale be adhered to, for it has its foundation in principle and not in the cotopelling force of any unusual competitive conditions, in no event, however, should there be any reduction in wages from those now obtaining. Xhe railroads must, however, maintain their comple- ment of worlcers, and if, by meeting fairly, as here, the needs of the time, this end cannot be secured, there must be allowed play for other forces than those we have recognized. In the application of the scale, that percentage of Increase is to be applied whioh is awarded to the normal time wages paid to the individual in each position in the railroad ser- vice on December 31, 1915. There are, however, employees of cer- tain classes, and upon a number of roads, whose wages are paid upon a pieceworlc basis, and there are also numbers of employees on practically all the roads whose hours of service at times irun beyond the straight hours of service established for a day's work of the kind they perform. A practical plan for wage increases, in harmony with the scale, has been devised for application to pleceworlc wages and wages for recognized overtime. (See Appen- dix Y.) 30 £eport of The Qailqoad Wage Commission While the method of Inoreasing wages here devised is manifestly one of simplicity when applied to the straight sche- dules of hourly, daily or monthly pay, we have found much diffi- oall^ in adapting the plan to the ela1>orate and intricate sche- dules of the trainmen, from which there is apparently no desire on the part of the railroad operators or the trainmen to depart. Xhis, however, we have succeeded in doing in such manner as to translate the increases into mllectge rates, thus maintaining the existing schedules relating to the method of pay. Accepting the average monthly earnings of employees in the train and engine ser- vice for the fiscal year ended 1915 as accurately reflecting the rates paid to those classes, we have adopted, as the percentage of increase to be applied to the mileage rates obtaining for the several classes of trainmen, that percentage of increase which is awarded to employees generally whose earnings are equal to the average earnings of each of the severed classes of trainmen. Thus, in the case of road passenger engitieers, their average earnings in 1915 were $178.46. The individual employee in any other branch of the railroad seirvice whose monthly Mvage is $178.46 will receive a wage increcise of ll-^- per cent, and the road passenger engineers as a class will receive an increase of ll-l- per cent in their existing mileage rates. And the same method obtains for each of the classes of trainmen paid on the mileage basis. (See Appendix 71.) 31 ISepoqt of The ISailhoad Wage Commission HOUBS OF SEBVXCE At the outset of the hearings it was manifest that the matter of hours of service is lodged deep in labor's mlud. A standard dajr of reasonably limited length is as much a part of the measure of justice with the workingnan as is his rate of wage. Slowly and steadily, by force of law someniSiat, but also by the voluntary act of the employers, a shorter work day is being put into effect. Ihis tendency will continue, and the shox'ter day will come to be regarded, not as a means of minimiz- ing the returns which the worker gains, but as a oonserver of the htanaa material apon which ijjdnstry rests, - Shis matter of work- time must be submitted to the pra@aatic test. Society will come to see that there is a maximum which is beyond the plimsoll mark of wisdom, and a minimum that makes society in many ways the suf- ferer. Qie line of moderation, the medial line, is one that must be proved by experience. The wise en^jloyer will look with syinpa- thetlo eye to find it, and the wise employee will atteotpt in good faith to make it manifest. It would be a splendid achievement If we could at this time crystallize the e^erienoe of the world into a conclusion concerning the length of the work day that would be of universal application. But this is not possible now, for many reasons, not the least of which is an insufficiency of data touch- 32 Pepo/ST OF The /d^iL/eo/iD WfiaE Com/viiss/on Ing 30 nsaziy aad saoh diverse emplo^ents \ghioh oall for suoh dif- fering strains upon human nerves and muscles. IMS, moreover, is not the time, in the judgnent of the Cmmission, to malce e:q>eriments which might lessen the out- put of that commodity which railroad men produce - tons of freight hauled, and numbers of passengers carried. The one thing now im- perative is volume of and speed ia railroad output. Since the Cormission's worlE began, as before, our needs as a nation, and the vital needs of those nations with whom we are allied, have been imperilled by the shortcomings of our transportation system. There is no one \a£ Commi^s/oN WAQi; ACjaSXAlENTS BY 01H£R BOARDS Tlie award of the Commission shall not be applioable to those enployees whose ocmpensatlon is the result of adjustments by or through any agency established for the puiTpose by the Navy department, the War Separtaent, the Department of Commeroei the United States Shipping Boardi or any other (jovemment agency cre- ated since the entry of the united States Into the war. SFF^CXIVS DATE OF IKCRGASES She wage Increases provided for in the scale shadl be effective ae of January 1. ISie. and are to be paid to all who were then In the railroad service or who have come into such ser- vice since and remained thereini according to the time served. She proper ratable amount shall also be paid to those wiio h&ve been for any reason since January 1. 1918 dismissed from the ser- vice, but shall not be paid to those who have left it voluntarily because remaining in the service was the consideration of the promise to mslce the increases effective from the date mentioned. Men who have left the railroads to enter the army or navy shall be entitled to the pro rata increases accruing on their wages up to the time they left, as they have continued in the service of the nation. The same rule shall apply to those who have passed from one branch of the railroad service or from one road to an- £epobt of The ISaili3oad Wage Commission other. Ihe increases as to the employees of amy road shall lie effective only from the time the railroads were ta;i£en over by the Government. EMPLOyMGKT OF WOMEN She employment of women is one of the important problems confronting those in charge of the actual operation of the railroads. Up to the time of the abnormal demand for labor created by the Suropean war, women were not extensively employed by the railroads except as stenographers and clerics in the of- fices, and es charwomen, oar washers and cleaners, and other em- ployments of lilEe character. Since the war they have entered the shops, have engaged in handling freight and baggage, and have even been eoployed upon the tracks. Much of this woric requires a pl;iyeical effort beyond the strength of women, and some of it is carried on under conditions menacing to health, safety and morals. The labor in our shops and elsewhere must be di- luted as the war tetSces to Itself an Increasing number of men. Women must, to some degree, talce these places. They should be oared for. Their burden should not be such as to hazard their health. Their hours should be reasonably short. Their working conditions should be healthful and fitted to their needs. And 38 Report of The Hailboad Wage Commission their pay, \tben they do the full woric of men, should be the same as that of men. Hearly all the states have lans iihicli restrict the hours of service of women. The exigency of war work is not so great that the railroads should l>e permitted to employ women ex- cept under the restrictions of those laws and in classes of ser- vice comprehended by them xmless the restrictions prescribed by the laws are extended to the service and all proper moral and saaitaiy surroundings are provided. siscHUusAiiON aqatusi employees She investigation of the Coranission disclosed many inequalities of pay in the same branch of service> not only as be- tween different sections of the country but in the same section. Che attention of the railroad managers should be directed to these inequalities, with a view to removing them whenever the discrimination is not justified by differences in the efficiency of the labor, the cost of living, or other conditions legitimately affecting the rate of wages. In every case ^ere the same service is rendered there should be the same pay without regard to sex or race. Members of organizations and non-members must stand upon the same footing. In some branches of the service. 39 Bepobt or The ^/i/Leo/io Wage Commissjon and this is peculiarly true of those least paid, there are no organizations, or if any, they are limited in their membership and restricted in their locality. But whether organized or un- organized, the purpose must te duly to consider every branch of the service and to accord fair treatment to all. SAUIOES OF OFFICIALS In carrying out the direction to the Commission to "maice a general iavestlgation of the compensation of persons In the railroad service" , the Investigation obviously included a con- sideration of the compensation of those persons ^o are classed as officials. The Gonmilsslon, therefore, by an individual "q,uestlon- nalre" which all officials were required to answer, and also by a report obtained from eaoh railroad, secured the names of all persons receiving a compensation of $5,000 and upwards, together vtlth a rail statement of the services performed by eaoh of them. She total compensation for the year ending Decem- ber 31, 1917 paid to such officials is approximately #30,000,000. The individual salaries varied from $5,000 to $100,000. It is reasonably certain from the facts gathered by the Commission that a substantial readjustment of such salaries may be made and the efficient operation of the railroads promoted thereby. Such re- adjustment of salajt-ies, however, presents an Individual proposi- 40 ISeport of The £aili30Ad Wage Commissjon tion as applicable to eaoh official. Some salaries may well be abolished altogether, others greatly recluoed, v^ile in some oases of lesser paid officials an increase would be warranted. She Comniselon reoommends that daring the period of Government oondact of the railroads, no salaries paid to offi- cials wbo are not essential to the operation of the roads shall be oharged as part of the operating expenses, and that a careful study be made of the proper relation between the salaries of the higher officials and those of their subordinates with. a view to readjustments in the interest of the highest efficiency of the service. FERMANBN7 WAGE TBIBUKALS Zhere should be constituted a tribunal or tribu- nals to continue the study of railroad labor problems, composed in part at least, of men experienced in this ]£ind of work -for as to these problems there oetn be no finality* Conditions are ever changing and new adjustments must from time to time be mstde, and there should always be an existing tribunal authorized to taice present appropriate action. Many ooiqplaints have been made to us by Individuals and groups of men vAilch it was impossible for us to Investigate, and viiiich should be investigated and redress af- forded If the complaints are well founded. Among these are dif- ferences of pay where there are no, or only negligible, dlffer- 41 Pepoer or The ^/?/Leo/ra W/ige Comm)'SS/o^ ences in the services rendered. Conditions of employment are de- scribed which, if the desoriptiona be true, demand amelioration. A ocmmiseioB for each of the general divisicns of the railroad system would undoubtedly be fully occupied for a long time in dealing with such matters. In the meantime, the managers or other officials operating the several roads could do much to im- prove the si'biatlon by dealing with the conditions on their re- spective roads. It would be in^osslble to magnify the iiqportance of the J^ericsti system of Failroads in the conduct of this war. fhe country is vast, and has been developed upon a plan ttfiich makes each section d^endent upon all others. In no other one particular are we so truly Interdependent as in our industrial life. Ho one section Uvea to itself alone, and none of our great industries draws its materials from the vicinage or finds its markets neatr at hand. In a word, our industries are national in an uncommon sense. !Ihe steel that is fabricated into a shell in Pennsylvania comes from Minnesota, and the copper from Montana. The spruce struts that support the wings of our aeroplanes grow in Oregon, while the cotton irtiich covers the wings comes from the south. These will serve to make clear how entire is our depend- ence upon the railroads and those who operate them^ 42 Pepoist or The /?/itL so/id WfioE Commi>ssjon Zhat SngLand should want for bread beoouse ^erioan railroad equipment was imwisely distributed, or unneoessarily im- mobile, is a thing not to be explained to the Bngllshnan, idio re- gards our system of rad.lroads and our method of railroading as the model for the world, excelling either public or private sys- tems elsevdiere* For our needs and for our pride this standard of superiority must be maintained, and to this end no other one thing will so greatly conduce as wisdom and Justness in dealing with the actual workers on the roads. What has been here done is perh^s all that can be done now. The spirit which prompted the Commission should not be pemltted to languish or to flatten out into e:5>ansive inefficiency. The labor problem is never one ex- clusively of wages or hours. When it does become no more, then the human element has gone out of the management, it has become too remote in space or in spirit to maife good. The table of wage increases presented in this report we urge should be construed in the largest spirit of liberality, so as to draw forth from the men a recognition of that sense of reciprocity which it spealce - good wages for good service. The policy comes from above; its sympathetic application must be left to those below. We desire in closing this r^ort to express our most sincere appreciation of the services rendered to the Canmis- •iS Bepoist of The Bailroad Wage Commission slow by Prelei'iok W. Lehmann, as Counsel; by William A. Ryan, as Secretary; by Edward J. Baroalo, Riley L. Redpatii end Lathrop Brovm, as the Board of Exaainers; and by William A. HatJiaway, J. C. Bowen, Oharles S. Meill, Fred A. Burgess, A. 0. Wharton and 0. W. Hlllnan, as Special Statlsticlana. Respectfully submitted: ~zyA-fA^ 44 ISepoer or Tne ff/r/Leo/fc ///leE CoM/yii^ole year 1913. Cn the other hand, if any rail- road earned a net Income greater than that earned during the corresponding period of the ^ ear 1913, it was reguired to turn the excess over to the Government. For the purpose of this agree- ment, "net income" meant the total revenue derived from railroad and subsidiary transportation operations, less expenses of opera- tion and taxes; that is, the net income before the deduction of Interest, fixed charges and dividends. Later this definition was modified so that the Government would bear a 4^ interest charge on all capital invested in new railway property since August, 1914, This agreement was to continue as long as the Government exercised 52 Pepo/st of The /d/t/L/eo/9D yV/toE Comm iss/on control over the railroads in aooordanee with the provisions of the Regulation of the Forces Act of 1871, Under the operation of this agreement the Government has paid the railroads from 55? to 105? of their normal pre-war revenues, whereas the amount of Government traffic handled ty the railroads during the war has undoul)tedly 1)een considerably in excess of 105? of their total traffic. Since railroad control was assumed by the Government, there has been little increase in freight rates; but passenger rates soon began to be increased through the abolition of va- rious forms of reduced rates, while on January 1, 1917, all passenger rates were Increased 505?. Irish RailwavB . When the Government took over control of the British railways as provided by the Regulation of the Forces Act, the railway systems of Ireland were not included. For more than two years after the outbreak of the war, these systems contin- ued to be operated and controlled by their own managements; but by the end of 1916 the eniployees of these systems were Insisting upon war bonuses as great as those paid railway employees in Great Britain, and the Irish railroads announced that they could not meet wage Increases In eon^etltlon with the British Government. Falling In an effort to bring about ew agreement between the Irish railway managers and their employees, the Government brou^t the Irish railways under the Government con- trol on January 1, 1917, on practically the same conditions as govern the British railroads. A distinct Railway Executive Comnlitee was established; but the Government agreed to main- tain the net Incomes of the railways at their normal levels. 53 £epoist of The £ailqoad Wage Commiss/on LABOR. WAGES AND COST OF LIVING. labor. Upon -the outbreak of the war, many railway workers ware Immediately drawn into military service as members of territorials or other resei^e forces. Employees of all ranks in all parts of the United Kingdom also enlisted in large numbers. The rapid depletion of skilled railway labor was soon such as to jeopardize the efficient operation of the senriee demanded by military needs. By September, 1914, the Government saw it necessary to notify all recruiting agencies to accept no rsd.lway employee who had not obtained the permission of the head of his department to enlist (though this permission was given whenever possible); and the King and members of the Government announced that railway workers were "assisting in the prosecution of the' war equally with their comrades serving by land and sea," In a number of instances it was even necessary for the Government to recall skilled railway workers from the front and put them again at their former work. Never- theless, by the middle of October, some 56,000 railway employees had entered military service, a number which represented almost 10^ of the total of some 515,000 railway employees in the country. The Military Service Act in January, 1916, further complicated the situation. In this Act railway employees were not accorded special consideration, although the officials of the roads were per- mitted to designate such employees as were considered indespensaUe to the effective operation of the service. By June, 1916, almost 100,000 men had left the service of the railways for service in the military forces; and this number has risen to at least 150,000 at the present time, that is, nearly 25jJ of the total number of railway employees prior to the war, and probably SOJ^ of the total number of male employees of military age. As the number of enlistments grew, the railroads turned to the employment of women to fill the places of the men who had left. Prior to the war, very few women had been employed on the British railways; but the railroad managers soon found that women were suitable and efficient in a wide variety of occupations Mrfiich had previously 64 Pepoer or The J?/t/LBo/iD W/toE Commissjon been confined to men; and women were employed in ever Increas- ing numbers. The trade unions demanded assurances that this employnent of women in positions formerly held by men was an emergency measure, and ^ould not prejudicially affect either , the wages of the male staff or the undertaking given by the railway companies as to the re«roke out the uaione were demanding an increase of 5 shillings per week for all ranks of employes; and in January, 1915, this demand was repeated. After negotiations with the railway oonqpanies, however, on February 13, 1915, an agreement was reached whereby the companies grantad - "A bonus of 36. per week to be paid to all employes available for duty whose standard rate of wage is under 30s., and 2e. to employes whose standard rate of wage is 30b. or more, the first payment to be made in the week conmenelng the 15th of February, 1915." The average bonus was accordingly about 2s. 6d. per week, or about one-half of the amount demanded by the unions. Second Increase . The continued rise in commodity prices soon made the employes feel that this bonus was inadequate; and the unions again asked that a flat Increase of 5 shillings per week be given to all employee. On October 16, 1915, the railways agreed to this demand and it was stipulated that, beginning with the week ending October 23, 1915, employes receiving a 2s. bonus would receive an additional bonus of -Ss,, while employes receiving a 3s. bonus would receive an additional bonus of 2e. The aggregate bonus for all adult male employes thus became 5s. a week. The agreement granting this bonus provided that the unions would not present further wage demands so long as Qovemmsnt control of the railways continued. Third Increase. But the cost of living continued to advance; and In August, 1916, the xuions demanded an additional increase of lOs. per week for all employes, this Increase being asked as a wage in- crease rather than a bonus. In the first part of September the railways offered an advance of 3s. per week la addition to the existing bonus of 5e. This offer was unacceptable; asd the union rallwaymen in South Wales threatened to strike. At conferences between the committee of general managers of the railways and re- presentatives of the unions, however, a compromise was amicably reached, whereby the unions obtained an additional bonus of 5e..per week. Instead of a wage advance of lOs. a week, as had been claimed. The additional bonus was to be paid for the week, ending September 16, 1916; and the aggregate bonus became lOs. per week. 67 Sepoist or The 2ailisoad Wage Commiss/on Fourth Incraaaa. Evoa this 'bonua fallsd to be aatlsfaetory for long, howavar. In March, 1917, the unions again damaudad an addi- tional advance of lOs. par waek; but In nagotiationa with the oommittae of general managers, they agreed to accept one-half of the amount aaked. On April 12, 1917, therefore, another agreanient was Irawn up, under which the railways granted an additional war bonus of Ss. per week, making the aggregate bonus 15s. per week per employee. The revised bcnus became effective in the week commencing April 9, 1917. So_nue Converted into Tages . On August 8, 1917, the long-standing demand of the unions that all war bonuses be converted into wages was acceded to; and since then the wage basis for figuring payments for overtime and Sunday work has included the increases granted during the war. Fifth Inereaaa. The employees were still discontented. In October, 1917, the anginemen and fireman applied to the Committee on Production (an arbitration board established by the Government for the settlement of industrial disputes) for additional wages; and in November they were awarded a sum of 5s. a week, bringing their aggregate increase to 30s. The National Union of Bailwayman thereupon applied to the Railway Executive Committee for an in- crease of lOs. On November 29, 1917, the Railway Executive Com- mittee granted them a wage increase of 6s., and this grauit later was extended to apply to all classes. The aggregate wage in- creases of adult male employees on British railways is, there- fore, now 2l8. ($5.11) per employee per week. 58 Pepo/st or The /d/?/L/eo/!o yV/iGE Comm/ss/o^ Shop Torkers . Hallway shop workers were not Included among the railway employees to whom the above increases applied; the increases applying to shop workers have been determined in- dependently. In February, 1915, shop workers were given a bonus of Ss. per week. Later this was Increased to 48. for time workers, and 10 per cent, for piece workers. In September, 1915, a further agreement provided that all men employed in railway workshops should receive an addi- tional bonus of Ss. per weak. In February, 1917, (for some shop workers) and in April, 1917 (for the remaining shop workers), an additional bonus of 5e. per week was granted; and on August 1, 1917, another advance of 3s. a Week became effective, these increases being added to the weekly earnings of piece workers as well as applying to time workers. No positive information as to any later increases is at hand. Women . No demand that war bonuses be granted to women employees (most of whom had entered railway employment after the war began) arose until the second bonus was given men enqployees in October, 1915. At that time the unions took the claim of the women before the Commlttse on Production for settlement; but this Committee decided that the claim was not established. No further action was taken until the men applied for a third bonus, when the unions submitted the women's claims to the railways with the result that, be- ginning with the week ending September 16, 1916, women were granted a war bonus of Ss. per week. In April, 1917, when .the men received their fourth bonus, women employees were given an additional bonus of 2s. 6d., making an aggregate bonus of 58. 6d. a week. On November 9, 1917, a furtlier increase of 3s, was given, the aggregate increase of women railway employees during the war now being 8s, Sd. ($2,05) a week. _59 JSeport of The 2ailisoad Wage Commission Salaried Employees . No bonus was given salaried employees untiX July 1, 1916. On that date, employees receiving less than 1200 ($974) per year were granted a war bonus of MS ($63.30) per year, or 5s. ($1.22) a weekj while em- ployees receiving annual salaries between I>200 ($974) and 6213 ($1,037) were given a sum sufficient to raise them to £213 ($1,037). These bonuses were doubled in September, 1916; but no mention of subsequent Increases has been found. Irish Hallways . Up to January 1, 1917, the date when the Irish railways passed under Government control, bonuses of 6s. a week had been given to enginemen and Ss. 9d. to firemen. When the Qovemment control was established, these men were granted 78, per week in addition to their previous bonuses; and on April 9, 1917, the Irish Railway Executive Committee granted a uniform flat boms of Ss. per week to all other classes of railway employees. Post of Living . So far as is known, the continued rise In the cost of living has been the sole ground upon which the em- ployees have based their demands for wage advances; it is certain that if other reasons have been given they have been wholly subordinate. The figures which the employees have taken as measurements of the rise in the cost of living have generally been those published monthly in the "Labour Qazette*, an official publication Issued by the Board of Trade up to July, 1917, and by the Ministry of Labour since that date. These figures show the percentage increases in the retail prices of food at the beginning of each month over the corresponding prices In July, 1914, these percent- age Increases being shown for the country as a whole, and for large towns and small towns separately. (See Table 1 attached) . The figures are stated to be based upon over 500 returns of predominant prices, collected from retailers 60 ^epoer or The ^/j/Leo//o Wi^ge Commiss/on having a working-class trade, relating to the principal articles of food in every town with over 50,000 InhabitMts; in about 200 towns with populations of from 10,000 to 50,000j and in about 250 representative smaller places. The articles includ- ed are beef and mutton (British and Imported), bacon, fish, flour, bread, tea, sugar (granulated), milk, butter (fresh and salt), cheese, margarine, eggs (fresh) and potatoes. In arriving at the general percentage increases over July, 1914, the "Labour Gazette" states that the prices of each article are combined into a single figure for that article and that then "the several articles are weighted In accordance with the proportionate ex- penditure on them in pre-war family budgets, no allowance being made for the considerable economies which result from changes in dietary which have been widely effected since the beginning of the war," these changes in dietary being due to the rise In prices and, in certain cases, to the difficulty or impossibility of ob- taining some articles at any price. These percentage increases, thus compiled, have been widely disseminated ly the press; rail- waymen, like other workers, are familiar with them and have gen- erally accepted them as indicating th« rise in the cost of living. In their earlier negotiations with the railway managers, the railway unions used the'Labour Gazette" figures showing the increase in food prices in large towns only, this Increase - as may be seen from Table X - being somewhat greater than that in small towns. The railway managers, however, were apparently not satisfied to accept these figures; and they se- cured from the Board of Trade figurijs showing the combined average percentage increase "in the cost of all the items ordi- narily entering into working-class family expenditure, including food, rent, clothing, fuel and light, etc.", each item of expen- diture being weighted in proportion to the expenditure for that item by worklcgpen's families before the war. Details as to 61 J3£PO/ST Of- The I5ailboad Wage Commission the method of collecting the data as to the increase in the itesns other than food are not available; but it is certain that, in general, the final figures make no allowance for changes in the standard of living during the war, except perhaps in the item of clothing. The percentage increases arrived at on this basis have not been published in the "Labour Gasette" except for January lat of the years 1916, 1917 and 1918; but the following table shows that they were considerably lower than the percentage increases in retail prices of food: Average percentage Increase over July, 1914, Retail Prices of Food All Items Large Towns Small Towne Whole Country of Family Exoenditure January 1, 1916, January 1, 1917, January 1, 1918, 48 91 111 42 83 102 45 87 30 60 80-85 At the present time it appears that the railway- men's unions have abandoned the use of the average percent- age increase in retail prices of food in large towne as a base, for the London "Economist" of December 1, 1917, refer- ring to the railwaymen' s demand which was adjusted on Novem- ber 29th, states! "The railway (unions') demand was judiciously handled by Mr. J. K. Thomas, who strongly discouraged all suggestions of a strike. He bases the men's claim upon the increase in the cost of living which the Board of Trade puts at 80 per cent, and the rail- waymen at 100 per cent." Although the unions may have reached the figure of 100 pei- cent. independently. It will be noted from Table I that it is exactly eqtial to the increase in the retail prices of food in small towns . 62 Bepoer or The I?/>il /so/id VY/ige Commiss/o/v It now remains to show, estliaating on the 1)aale of the Board of Trade's figures, the average percentage inoreaee o»er July 1914, of both the retail prices of food and the cost of llTing, including all items of family expenditure, at the dates on which the five wage increases granted to the adult male transportation employes of the British railways hecame effective. In considering these figures it should 'be remem- bered that they represent a stemdard of living largely un- changed by the war. AVERAGE PERCENTAGE IHCREASE OVER JOLT 1914 IN RETAIL PRICES OF FOOD AUD COST OF LIVIHG AT THE DATES OF THE WAGE AUVAKCES GIVES RAILWAT EMPLOTES. Retail i»rlo« a of Food All Items of family Expenditure.* Laree Towns EhBll towns Vhole Oountrr Feb. .15/15 24 21 23 15 Oct. 17/15 43 39 41 27 Sep. 10/16 69 63 66 45 - 50 Apr. 9/17 100 91 95 70 - 75 Hov. 29/17 110 100 105 80 - 85 • EllMil lating increr ises arising rom Increased ? axation. Conclusion. Table II shows, for about 80^ of all railway employes, the approximate percentage increase which the wage advances during the war represent as compared with the average compensa- tion before the war. Althou^ strict accuracy cannot be claim- ed for this table, yet there can be little doubt that it reflects actual conditions in a general way. Such qualifications as it is stfl>}ect to, tend to offset one another; indeed, inasmuch as the amount of overtime earnings during the war must have been greater than in 1913, the average eompengatlon must have increased 63 Pepoer or The BAtteo/io Wage Com miss/on sesmei^at more^than the increasss ahovn in the taMe, especially in 7iaw of the fact that since Auguet 8, 1917, the honuaee have 19963 added to the base rates of pay upon iriiich overtiise paynents are oailcUlated. Coaparing, then, the average percentage increases in the cost of living during the war ^ased upon all items of faffiil} expenditure and the average percentage increases repre- sentsd hy the «&ge increases during the war, we get the follow- ing: Comparison of Iner^asa in Cost of Living and Wage Inereases during the Var. 15/15 Average Percentage Increase in Cost of Living over July, 1914. Average Percentage Increase of Wage Increases over Aver- age Compensation in 1913. Fsb. 15 7-11 Oat. 17/15 27 15 - 20 Sap, 10/16 45 - 5P 35-40 A&r, 9/17 70 - 75 50 Mev. 29/17 80-85 75-80 From this tahle the conclusion is clear that, al- though railway wages in Great Britain have always lagged be- hind the cost of living, each increase in these wages during ths ^ar has not been far helow the increase in the cost of living as shown by Britlsn Gevemaient figures. 64 ISeport or The Sailroad Wage Commission asABEB I. AVSMOB KIBCBBXASB IBOBB&SB 0T2B JUL?, 1914, or BETAIl PaiCBS Off FOOD IN (IBBAT RBTTATW. \ (As pubiiBlieft la Van offiolal "laDour fiazette" ) . Sate large Tomna t : (over SO.OOOt Saall tcmis : BOTJUlationlli and Tiliaeea : Wiole (InuntrY Aug. e, 1914 16 IS 16* Sept. 12, 1914 11 9 10* Oct. 1, 1914 13 11 ' 12* Hot. 1, 1914 13 12 13* SdC. 1, 1914 17 15 16* Jbeu 1, 1915 19 17 18 iPeb. 1, 1915 23 £0 22 Mar. 1, 1915 26* 22* 24 April 1, 1915 26» 22* 24 U^ 1, 191S 28» 24* 26 June 1, 1915 34* 29* 32 Juay 1, 1915 35 30 3^ Aug. 1, 1915 36 S3 34 Sept. 1, 1915 37 Z3 35 Oot. 1, 1916 42 38 40 507. 1« 1915 43 39 41 S90. 1, 1915 46 42 44 Jan. 1, 1916 48 42 46 Seb. 1, 1916 49 44 47 Uar. 1, 1916 51 45 46 April 1, W16 52 46 49 I&y 1, 1916 59 ^1 55 Juae 1, 1916 62 55 59 Jaly 1, 1916 65 57 61 Aug. 1, 1916 62 57 60 Sept.l, 1916 66 62 65 Oot. 1, 1916 71 66 68 Mov. 1, 1916 81 74 78 Sec. 1, 1916 87 80 84 Jaa. 1, 1917 91 83 87 ?eb. 1, 1917 93 65 89 Mar. 1, 1917 97 88 92 Apr. 1, 1917 9^ 90 94 UBgr 1. 1917 102 93 98 ., iXCDB 1, 1917 106 98 102 JiOy 1, 1917 109 100 104 Aug. 1, 1917 105 98 102 Sept.l, 1917 109 102 1 106 65 JSepobt of The ISailhoad Wage Commissjon Date Large Towns (over 50,000 ■Domilatioiil Small Towns and VillaRSS. Whole Country Oct. 1, 1917 Nov. 1, 1917 Dec. 1, 1917 Jan. 1, 1918 102 110 109 111 93 101 100 102 97 106 105 106 • Figures interpolated; official figures lacking. Note. The figures in the table are based upon over 500 returns of predominant prices, collected from retailers having a worlcing- olasB trade, relating to the principal articles of food in every town with over 60,000 inhabitants; in about 200 towns with populations of from 10,000 to 50,000; and in about 2b0 representa- tive smaller places. The articles included are beef and mutton (British and imported), bacon, fish, flour, bread, tea, sugar, (granulated), mlUc, butter (fresh and salt), cheese, margarine, eggs (tresh) and potatoes. The several articles are weighted in accordance v/ith tne proportionate expenditure on them in pre-war family buxigets, no allowance being made for the considerable economies which result from changes in dietary wnich. nave been widely effected since the beginning of the war. 66 Pe^o/er or Tne ff/j/teo/iD W/ice: Commiss/oN o> •> « # 1 i. m a» »-i^-* • ;c3 (d CM rv] 1-4 >» CO CO «o in GO a» ^^ ^n *n t- 1 P< ^ O t> ^ to ID Pti fj o cr>.ffi- m in t- M b: r-i^>- & ^ +» o - o • • cr> a* in *^s K J3 (S r-j in r^ W. V«.«4. .^ ^li^ ^yp. 3fe«J C VI a* CM in •D tn to ■* P r-l £} -w- & SS P,« f-l < r^^' !.,'-! J CO CO CO •^ CO ■ ^J, fe ID J3 O C W M <(5- » CO ►-• 03 r-l^-' fe ID O tt) • ♦ • c a) t- in CO ^^ J& ?^^ 3& .-1^>«. 3&^ :sfe^ 1: y O © rH N ^ in CO a> t-t «= CO CM << rt o L« • in « ID « f-\ r^ r-t r-t CM ,H r-1 1 ^ ra 13 u o>- M O r-\^-' Si •> • «<^-^ S ^^ W-l*. ■VR ■Sf!. 4> 4» v) m » o -(». < W. •-* i-t co'aS. >H 1 s U) Ot ,-! CM CM >■ rH t-\ ai r-l r-4 r-l»^ rHISa. o U ID ^-vt- ^ U r-» O ■H ». • in -tt.^^ ^ O U U b (4 b c h ^ rH b ^; O ^ ^ CO Tt Ul 0) H p4 .-I--' CO * « W.\^ *. W.V!. ^^ ^"-1 t- t-^ O a O ID B «»• •«»■■««■ «» -co-ta- •€»"<»- -CA-eM << > O -rl bO-H O *» rt ■*■ ■*■ n o Q e- in m •>* e- ■<» N M U u*^ in n< CM C7" e- t- m ID ® CO a o J^ E oJ CM «0 r-l 00 m e- O l> r-i rH ^ ^ •» ^ ^ •* O e- c^ o in CO O CO rH r-J rH « ■* . a . , » * • - o Al • « - o t. • • : § o • • fH • o o a •4^ • ID ti .8 i ^ © 4> • +> o B e • rt hO ID b ■> ID • Tt m £ 1* O « s • 0> » 10 5 +• U, ID - (8 • s O (D > • in M •§ li.« ^t ^ : Bl AJ O IB 1« s> S B O 04 o O 4> -H ID •• -H ID o ■. * v( • eem -1* 60 bB*i s s ID > o • O 01 5§ .5 5^ i-< ■»» s +3 o If N O -H IS ID O IS iJ •M IS bO o o fi ^s g- ^ 1 bO Id pi. 67 £epo)5t or The £/^/l/30/id Wage Commission NOTES TO TABLE II / Tho vage earners given here repre*eut aliout 80^ of all employees. 'Salaried employees, shop workers and minor groups are excluded; 'but a small number of women and boys may be Inoluded* # Taken from "Railway Statistics of the United States of America for the Tear Ending June 30, 1916^ oom~ pared with the Official Reports for 1915 sad Recent Statistics of Foreign Railways," prepared by Slason Thoopson, Bureau of Railway News and Statistics. No change in wage scales, as far aa is known, was made during the first 7 months of 1914. (The figures used by Hr. ThoiQison were derived from official statistics published by the British Board of Trade.) * This sum included the previous increases and is the aggregate increase at this date. ■f Total of above. JSbpojst or The 2ailroad Wage Commission KUHCE THE REIATIOKSHIP BETOEES THE GOVSBHMmT AND THE RAILWAYS RAILWAY WAGES INDUSTRIAL WAGES COST OF LIVIH& (Prepared under Direction of *. A. Hathaway) 3/15/lS 69 ££Poer or The ^^/ueo/iD W/ige Com/yi/ss/on THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT AND THE RAILffAYS, The character of the relationship existing between the PVenoh Government and the several railway companies of France is determined by a series of agreements made by the Government and the cooiianlas many years before the beginning of the wal;. These agree- ments were established primarily for the purpose of fixing the con** ditions under which the Government would lend its financial support to the companies so as to enable them to extend their lines into the less developed districts of the country. The most comprehensive of these agreements are those concluded in 1883 between the Government and the six big companies, the terms of which have governed the sub' sequent relations between the Government and the companies* followsi- The principal provisions of these agreements were as 1« The principle of monopoly In the respective terri- tories operated by the railroads (a principle which had been estab- lished as early as 1854) was reaffirmed and continued* 3. The Government guaranteed a minimum rate of return 01 the companies' stocks; and guaranteed the suras necessary for such annual amortization of these stocks as would enable them to be com^ pletely amortized by the dates of the expiration of the companies' charters. The Government also guaranteed the interest upon certain bonds issued for the construction of lines into the less developed districts. It was provided, however, that whenever the railways re- quired a contribution from the Government to enable the payment of the dividends and Interest guaranteed by the Government (and to make proper provision for amortization), such contributions should bear interest at 4^, and should be added to the funded debt of the railway conp2ui- ies; and no dividends in excess of the amount of dividends guaranteed were to be declared ontil all debt of this character should be repaid. 3, If, after the repayment of all contributions made by the Government, the net earnings of any railway should be greater than was neceaaary to provide for the return guaranteed by the Government, the excess earnings should be distributed to the stockholders only up. to a certain amount (specially fixed in the case of each railroad), two-thirds of all earnings beyond this amount being taken by the Government. The terms of the agreements also provide for the tennina- tion of the Government's guaranties. In the case of the Northern Hall- way and the Paris-Lyons-Mediterrenesm Railway, the date of the ter- mination of the guaranty was December 31, 1914; in the case of the other railroads, the guaranty was not to terminate until from 1934 to 70 Report of The £ailisoad Wage Commission I960, The agreements further stipulated that the railways were to become the property of the Government upon the expiration of their charters; and it was provided that after 1898 the Government might purchase emy railroad, the purchase price to he based upon the net Income of the road for a series of years. Under the latter provision, the Government acquired the Western Railroad In 1909. Such were the agreements fixing the relations between the Government and the railway companies up to the outbreak of the war. In the case of the roads for which the Government guaranties do not expire for a number of years, war conditions have necessitated no change in this relationship; Interest payments and minimum dividend payments have continued to be guaranteed by the Government In ac- cordance with the terms of the Agreements of 1883. In the case of the Northern R&llroad and the Parls-Lyons-Medlterranean Railroad, however, the Government guaranties were due to expire on December 31, 1914; and as a result of conditions arising from the war, both companies found themselves facing heavy deficits. Some form of financial asslstancs was therefore required by these companies. A provision was according- ly lncorpor6,ted into a general financial bill which gives these rail- roads the privilege of capitalizing, through the Issuance of bonds, any amount by which their operating revenues fall short of the sunount required to meet interest charges and to pay dlvldende at the minimum rate previously guaranteed by the Government. This provision applies to the period of the war; eund it was enacted into law on December 26, 1914, that Is, five days before the expiration of the Government guar- anties fixed by the Agreements of 1883. Such is the situation as it stands at present. A project has recently been Introduced into Parliament, however, which provides for the replacement of the present method by which the Government assists the railroads (or allowBthem to assist themselves) by a sys- tem which will provide financial assistance uniformly. The terms of this project are briefly as follows: Rates are to be immediately Increased by 15^. During the eontinueuice of hostilities, and for one year thereafter, the revenues accruing from this rate Increase are to be pooled and distributed among the roads, this distribution to be based upon a comparison of the annual operating ratios of the roads for each year Included in the period with the oorrespondlng operating ratios for the year 1913. Upon the expiration of the first year after the war, each company is to retain the revenues accruing from the rate increase - collected by it; but when the amount of such revenues is sufficient to meet the operating deficit and to repay the debt of the railroad to the Govern- ment, the railroad shall turn over 7pjJ of these revenues for distri- bution among the other conpanies. When in three consecutive years two or more railways shall have had excess revenues of this character to Pepoer or The /S/i/lko/id VY/ige Com/vii on all railways. Furthermore, when for two consecutive years after such reduction to 10^, two or more railways shall have had excess revenues for distribution among the other railways, the rates shall ba reduced to an Increase of only i% over their present level. When two or more railways shall still have excess revenues derived from the Increase In rates for two consecutive years, the rates shall be returned to their present state. Latest reports Indicate that this project, possibly with some minor modifications, will be adopted by Parliament. RAILWAY WAGES, So far as the available information shows, it was not until early in 1917 that any provision was made to compensate railway employees for the increased cost of living. In the spring of 1917 an agreement was concluded between the various railway systems and was sanctioned by Parllamant, according to the terms of which certain classes of railway workers were granted wage Increases, these in- creases to be effective as from November 1, 1916 and to continue un- til one year after the cessation of hostilities. These Increases, however, did not apply to any employee receiving more than 3,600 francs ($696) per year unless the employee had children under 16 years of age; and no increase of any character was granted to any employee receiving over 6,000 francs ($1,158) per year. The amount Of the increases were as follows: A. In the case of all unmarried employees and all married employees without children under 16 years of age receiving 3,600 francs (|695) or less per year: IVf' on the portion of salary or wages up to and including 1,200 francs ($232): and 10^ on the portion of salary or wages between 1.200 francs ($232) and 1.800 francs ($347). 6. In the case of married employees having one or more children under 16 years of age and receiving 6,000 francs ($1,1SS) per yaar or less: 50 francs (|9.65) per annum for the first child 100 francs ($19.30) per annum for the second and third child. 200 francs ($38.60) for each additional child. 72 Report of- The Qailqoad Wage Commission In the case of employeas reoeiving 3i600 francs ($695) per year or less, the Increases alloived for dependent children niere in addition to the in- creases under A. These increases are to be paid to the employees monthly by the railiray oompanlesi but the companies are to be reimbursed by the Govern- ment for the expense inTOlvedi provided that during the period -whioh the w?ge increases apply - that is, during the period from November 1, 1916, to one year after the cessation of hostilities - the companies shall not have been authorized to Increase their rates. If rates shall be increas- ed during this period, the companies must refund to the Government all payments made for Increased vages by turning over to the Qovemmant one- flftb of the revenue accruing from llie increased rates. The approximate effect of the increases in the case of eiqploy- ees with no children and employees with two dependent children was, then, as follows: .Annaal Salary or Wages ipproxlmate Average Increase for Employees With So Children With two Children |232 or less ISjg 3052 *2S3 ~ #347 $347 — $521 24^ #521 — $695 TSZ llM $695 — #926 0^ 8i% $926 — $l,15e 05« 3/6 over $1,158 As the increase in the cost of living since the beginning of the war was about Vli% at the time these increases toolc effect, there were generally ijalte inadequate except in the case of the lowest paid employees who had dependent children. In June, 1917, therefore, a second Increase was granted, based upon a slldiog scale after the man?- ner of the first Increase, but £5)plying to all employees . This in- crease was as followd: 30^ on 1216 portion of salary or wages up to and including 1,200 francs ($232) per year; ISjS on the portion of sclLary or images between 1,200 francs ($232) and 1,800 francs (|347) per year; and 10^ on the portion of salary or wages between 1,800 francs ($347) and 3,600 francs ($695) per year. No change was made in the allowance for dependent children granted with the first Increase, nor in the provisions for the method of payment of the increase by the ooispanles. 73 Sepoer or The £/i/Lieo/iD W/ige Co/)1/hiss/o/v The following tatle shows the approximate effect of this Increase! : ATJproximate Average Increase for employees Annaal Salary or Waaos f With ITo CMldren With Two Children $232 or less i zafo 465S $232 ~ $347 : 27% 3g $347 — $521 t 2^ $621 ~ $695 m> 231^ $695 — $926 '• ^ isl^ $926 ~ $1,158 $1,158 — $2,316 14 15% 75? ( 8^ From the infonnatlon available, the most definite con- clusion that can he drawn is that at the present timet 1* The lowest paid eniployees have received wage in- creases which, on the whole, fulljr or nearly compensate them for the increase in the cost of living; 2, :Qi^loyeea who are in or near the median group in the wage scale have received increases probahly generally fully one-half as great as the increase in the cost of living; 3* Snployees in the relatively higher salary groups have received increases only from ahout 20^ to 30% as gseat as the increase in the cost of livtng. INDOSTHIAL WAGES. The host availahle statistics as to the trend of in- dustrial wages in Prance during the war are those collected hy the Government lahor inspectors during the course of a special In- vestigation and published in the Bulletin de las Statistique Generale de la France for July, 1917. These statistics show the daily wages, in 1913 and in 1916, in 30 occupations In the larger Industrial estahlishnents throughout Prance on the hasls of a 10-bour day. The percentage increase in the wages of male work- men in each occupation at the end of 1916 over wages in 1913 Is given In the following* tahle: 74 ffepoer or The ^/f/teo/iD WAse Com/yiiss/on PERCEBTAGE INCREASE OVER 1913 IIT IMBUSTRIAL WAGES AT THE EBB OF 1916. Oconpation Per Cent Increase Per Cent Occupation Increase latorers: 32 30 34 29 22 45 37 30 29 32 22 22 20 23 25 Skilled Workmen (Cent.) Saddlers .••.........• 23 24 22 19 21 24 25 23 23 21 25 28 34 31 33 22 25 Paper and Chemicals .... Buildine Sawyers, mechanical.*, Tamers, wood Woodworking ............ Textiles Leather ....••.•••*...•• StanTOQ rs ««««•••>•***« Food Products .......... Strilcers •••••• • Ulscsllanecnui *•«.....«« Blacfeamitlia *****•««•* Hot reported ••.......•• Fireman, large 'boilers Engineers, steam Electricians, installers Fitters, Uechanics ... Turners, rongh, • Turners, finishers ... Average for laborers Skilled WorTmmns millers, erlst ......... Waavera «■>••••••••••*•* Cutters, tailors* • Cutters. sli03S ••>•••••• Packers •.......•.••.. Average for Skilled workmen According to these figures, the average increase in wages of the lower paid laborers ( 32 per cent.) has heen somewhat greater than that of skilled workmen and, at the date of the figures, had about equalled the increase in the cost of living. At the same date the average increase in the wages of skilled workmen (25 per cent.) liad heen about 80 per cent, of the increase liv the cost of living* COST OF LIYIIfG In Fjfance the Government statistics as to the cost of living are those collected by the General Statist leal Office and Xnbllshed in the Bulletin de la Statlstique Senerale de la France* The statistics aire based upon retums from the mayors of every city (except Paris) of more than 10,000 Inhabitants giving, for periods of 3 months, the average retail prices of thirteen commodities In general use in workingmen's families. The thirteen commodities are bread,ham, bacon, butter, eggs, milk. Cheese, potatoes, beans, sugar, table oil, kerosene and fuel alcohol. The articles are weighed in accordance with the proportionate expenditure on each article as disclosed by an investigation In 1910 of the eapenditures of workmen's families 75 ^EPOiST OF The Sailroad Wage Commission of four persona in Paris; ajid a general average is ottained for the entire groap of commodities. According to the figures for the whole of Prance, thus derived, the average prices during the war relative to those in the first quarter of 1913 have 'been as follows i- Period Eelative Average Prices First (jnarfcer, 1913 100 Third quarter, 1914 9&2- First quarter, 1915 110 Third quarter, 1915 122 First quarter, 1916 132 Second quarter, 1916 137 Third quarter, 1916 141 Foartli quarter, 1916 145 On this lias is, the increase in average prices in France during the war up to the end of 1916 was about 45-S0>2, This result has Tieen substantially confinned by other official figures. A similar but independent calculation of price levels in the city of Paris from July, 1914, to October, 1916 , showed an increase at the latter date of 38^. An investigation of the average monthly escpend- Iture for board and lodging by an unmarried woxOonen in 1916 as compared with 1911 showed am increase of 41^ during that period. Of course these figures are incomplete and mi^t be subjected to considerable crlticismt but it is a matter of serious doubt whether the collection a.nd compilation of more detailed data would alter the results to any great extent • The figures have been prepared Isy a branch of the French Government; and they mast be regarded as the latest and best available. According to these figures, then, the average percentage increase in retail prices of food during the war up to the end of 1916 was approximately 45-505^. If it be assumed that the trend of increase In 1916 was maintained during 1917, the percentage increase In retail prices of food in 1917 would fall within the following ranges: Approximate average Percentage Increase in Retail Prices of Food during the war January 1, 1917 45-50 June 30, 1917 55-60 December 31, 1917 65-70 If allowance be made for the items of family expenditure other than food - on the basis of the corresponding allowance made by the British Government - the percentage increase in all items of worMng class family expenditure, that is, in the cost of living would be approximately as follows t 76 ££poiST OF The £ailqoad Wage Commission Approximate Average Percentage Increase in Cost of Living during the War Jaansry 1, 1917 30-35 Jtoe 30, 1917 ........ 3fr-43 CeoemVer 31, 1917 .... 45-60 Zhe eonoluGlon that the oost of living In France from th» heglnning of the war up to the present time has Increased atout 50^ Is, it la helleved, not far from representing actual conditions In so far as they can he measured. 77 JSepo/st Of- The ISailqoad Wage Commission APFETOIX II Cost of Living During 1917 and 1918 ComBared to Pre-War Period The Conmlssion instituted an exhaustive Inquiry reaching into all parte of the United States. It sent special agents Into various sections of the country to gather original data respecting the existing increase in the cost of living. A canvass was also nade ty many news- papers of the country among the working classes, and the data thus ohtalned, together with Information gathered and suhniltted to the Commission by those who spoke on behalf of the employes, was compiled by the Bureau of the Census under the supervision of Special Statisticians W. A. Hathaway and J.C.Bowen. That compilation and the records of the Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Labor form the basis of the attached report, wherein the statistical in- formation respecting the existing cost of living in America thus assembled is summarized and analyzed. 79 13 £ POST OF The BAiLdOAO Wage Commissio/^ April 35, 1918. Sir: Supplenentlng our report on the Increase in the Cost of iivlng haeed on relative price changes, submitted March 14, 1918J In view of the further rise in prices, particularly house reats and clothing, and Eiaking allowance for sub- stitutions, referred to in the report under the caption "Limitstion of the results", we believe that the per cent increase for the different in- come groups from Beeember 1915 to date is about - For incomes u? to $600 43^ R n f^og, ieoo to flOOO. . . .41^ w « a IIOOO to 18000. . . .4" Kespect fully. To Bon. Franklin E. lane. Chairman Railroad Vage Connnission Washington, S. C. 80 JSepojst or The Qailhoad Wage Commissjon Washington, D. C. March 14, 1918. Sir: We submit herewith a final report covering two incle- pendent investigations, made especially for and at the direc- tion of the Commission, of the increase in the cost of living during the present war. The report is in two parts: part I Belative Price Changes Part II Family Budgets Since there was no material rise in prices until the latter part of 1915, the investigations were confined to the period 1915 - 1917. Be speot fully, W. A. Hathaway J. C. Bowen Special Statisticians, Eailroad Wage Conmission. To Hon. Franklin K. Lane, Chairman, Eailroad Wage Commission. 81 Papoer or The /d/t/tieo/iD W/^ge Com miss/on PART I - EEUTIVE PEICE CHAHGES. Ee3,atiYe prices - Ihe increase in tlie various items of the family budget from January 1, 1916 to January 1, 1918 were ascer- tained to bes Food 52^ Bent lOJS Clothing 44^ Fuel and Ught 31^ Sundries 3^ Appended Table 1 shows these increases by the three official classification territories of the Interstate Comnaroe Commis- sion, and oonipares them with the increases shown by other re- cent studies. Combined weighted averages - Weigjiting the above increases according to the proportion of expenditure for each item for different sized incomes, gives the following combined peroents of increase: Families with incomes up to !$600 40^» " " " from $600 to $1000 SSjS " " " " $1000 to $2000 ..... ST^ Limitation of the results - The above fig^ures show how much more it would have cost to live on January 1, 1918 than on January 1, 1916, pro- vided the standards of living remained the same . They may, however, fall short of showing the true increases by as much as 4 or 5 points, for the following reason: It is impossible to determine accurate- ly the relative increase in the cost of liv- ing even in normal times, and more difficult •The percent s for specified incomes under $600 would be - Incomes up to $200, 42^;, $200 to $400, 4155; and $400 to $600, 40^. 82 PEPOfST or The ^/iil/SO^d W/ige CoMfviiSSiON vfhen prices are rising rapidly, at which time cheaper articles are sub- stituted by both the producer and con- sumer. This is an inherent difficulty In all such studies and cannot be en- tirely overcome by any statistical methods. In view of this, the figures should be interpreted as conservative and applied in a general, rather than a precise, way. Purchasing power of the dollar - On the basis of a 40^ increase m the cost of living, the purchasing power of the workingman's dollar is 71 cents. Statements have occurred frequently in the press of late that the purchasing power of the dollar is now only 50 oeivts, compared with pre-war times. This is based on a 100^ increase in wholesale commodity prices iBradstreet and Dun indices) which is not a true measure of the increase in cost of living. Variation by localities - Although there was considerable variation in the relative prices for the various items, as between the three I.C.C. territories (Table 1), the percents of in- crease for all items combined showed such slight differ- ences that they were disregarded. Weights used - Table 2 shows the weights, i.e. the proportion of expenditures for each item, used in arriving at the com- bined percents of increase. Similar figures of other well- known budgetary studies are shown in oonip&rison. Sources of Basic Data and Methods of Compilation - FOOD The U. S. Bureau of liabor Statistics retail price quotations on 22 articles of food were used. These are monthly quotations secured from 42 large cities in different parts of the country. This Commission contputed the index number for the individual cities, and combined the cities 83 £epo/3t of The 2ailqoad Wage Commission into I.C.C. classification territories of Eastern, Southern and. Hlfestern. The indices for the three territories were combined into a U.S, index by weighting each according to ratio of population in each territory. HEMT The Conmission collected* its ovm figures on house renis, first by direct inquiries to real estate agents in the 42 cities mentioned under "Pood", and second by field investigations of its own agents. These inquiries indicated that the rise in rents had just begun during the latter part of 1917. The increases in each territory -vyere combined into U.S. totals by weighting according to population. Appendix A shows the form used. CLQTHIUG Prices on clothing were also secured* by the Com- mission by direct inquiries to retail merchants in the 42 large cities. Price quotations on the various classes of articles of male and female wearing apparel were secured for December, 1915 and December, 1917. The quotations were com- bined by weighting each class according to the proportion of expenditure for each. The ratios for eewh territory were combined into U.S. ratios by weighting according to popula- tion. See Appendix B for forms used, which also shows the weights used for each class of apparel. On account of the substitution of cheaper grades of articles, especially woolen apparel, the increase of 44^ shovai for all clothing is believed to be low . FUEL AMD LIGHT The retail price quotations on anthracite and bituminous coal, sectired by the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics in Janxiary of each year from the 42 large cities, were used. Uo increase was assumed for gas or electricity. These quotations were oheoKed against reports of the U. S. Pttol Administration. The price quotations for bituminous *Zhe Conmission was assisted in collecting the data on house rente and clothing by the U. S. ChaadQer of Comoeroe. 84 Report of The £aili30AD Wage Commission coal were used for the Southern and Western territories; a weighted average of anthracite and bituminous for the East- ern territory. lerritorial ratios were combined into U. S. totals by weighting according to population. SUMDfllES The increase in each important item of this sundry grqup was ascertained in various ways. Increases on aiause- ments, travel, liquors, tobacco, postage, etc., stipulated by the recent war tax law were applied. Special inquiry was made of large retail drug stoi-es for drugs and medicines. The remaining items were arbitrarily estimated; no increase was allowed for some items. The increases for each item were combined by weighting according to the proportion of expenditure for each, as shown in the U.S. Bureau of Labor study of 1901, somewhat adjusted to meet present conditions. No attempt was made to differentiate between the three I.C.C. territories. The following sliows the increase for each item and the weights used: ^ Increase SB 1915-1917 Weights Insurance 5 14 Organization dues 10 Religion and charity 6 House furnishing *40 15 Books and papers i^O 4 Amusement s and vacat i ons 15 10 Liquors and t obacc o 7b 15 Sickness and death #50 11 All other 50 _J2 Total 35 100 •Erom Philadelphia study of U.S. Shipping Board. #Doctors' bills, medicines, etc. 85 Report of The Bailroad Wage Commissjon TABLE 1. COMPARISOM OP KEIATIYE IMCBEA3E IM SPjOIFIia) IIEMS Qg "TCPMTTTTBP '^^ -niCTiiyMT™^ P"'' '"^"' TiniBPEiiDEira STUDIES. sate Jan.l 1916 to Jan.l,191£ jan.1,1916 to Jan. 1,1918 June, 1916 to Feb., 1918 Year 1915 to Year 1917 Item Eailroad Wage Conmlsslor U.S. .Bureau of labor Statisl^los (Phlla. pa. Study for Shipping Board) U.S. Shipping Board (paolflo pamlly Budget's oolleoted by Ballroad Wage Eastern Terri- Southern Terri- Western Terri- United Pood tory 52St tory 56;5 tory 4736 States 52^ 51^ Coaat Study) 5235 Commission* 40J5 IBjS ^ 751 10^ ^ 1635 1035 Clothing 4355 5035 4156 44j6 4£^ 7^ 2935 Fuel and Light 3755 m, 2755 3135 zsjL 49St 35j5 Sundries SBJS 3S^ 3555 3535 4035 3535 15jS These are not true relative Increases, but are some indication of the substitution and economies practised with respect to "food", "clothing" and "sundries". (See part II.) 86 ■ In- omes 1000 to 2000 8 8 g 8 8 m rH •H s ■-< r< s 1- O'Sk 4> n o O o O o 8 8 g g r^ -« iH M M S «0 r< 3 <>'•» «» a s i|s-3| § 8 § § i s n 2 §• 9 *• >. ro on f U> » to N H M >H CM ■t» M m 3** -5 ■C tt *• S.-S* "MS ,1 tm^ 4» £IS^§ 1 1 to •-4 8 "S« d r-l « « ^l:?^§ 1 1 |g| o «» :«¥ +» 1 • O O Q OM ^ •IJ >tV^-fr«.^ «. B a O «* Q •O fr- in •* tn m 01 0000 M 8 ^ cJ ■ 4> rH ■p 0000 1 •J oS «» ■*» £ rH ^ •H r-l f-t r-l « o •g il858 t- 1 1 m in m ■ri u • M O «0 t-t )H o«» «• •-( •H 'o ""t b W C4 n C4 3 iis-5§ h r4 «-l r-l r4 $ M. w to s m s ill u • e- t- t- t- CD 03 >* ■ri tn O s , 1 '4* ft s t4 5 5 "g;s ij 9 « IH U * b u r^ N ;:j ;j ^ ^ , . r-* 1-1 o» 1 " o ■•• -£«• b c • m to t^ t- ^ r-l r4 .H -« ri o g 5 1 « o o o 8 8 fH S.5b 0: c^^ M O 1 § •O R ^ 60 a B _ P 1 t- m cn CM in tn in in u> O s i & 1 1 1 S Q O O S 1 1 ^ S En 5 :- i 04» 4» n (« tf vt k ^ § ft •^ 1 o o t- to <^ C4 CO a >H 5§5'5S <-l 1 1" N r< N JC iH 01 o »y n **2'S ' k s fe O 4» -P -P « l! i s 1 o o o o in C4 i 5 S » ^'^SS a «« o t:§SS 1 1 888 *" o 1 S O o o 04» 4fr C4 • 1 -* * 'I' en <4> in n iis-5| 1 1 5 to S •0 n S'<»S»»' o «< 3 r-l otS. • • S V « « -H tn M «H to § U ^ « ^ 1 s - •n. •J 00 a in e- D- ■rt rt ■n 1 9 s: s S s 2^S- »-l iH M >H f-l fH U 0( , ■o i 1^ u 1^ .v • o 1 8. IS t.l ^ «4 #-^ CO m 9 • -f 85" • 3 H J3 o !.■•». n !• »J o- u »H S .H • o a • 2 u 1 ii u 87 2£PoieT or The ^/}/l eo/ia yV/iGE Co/yf/n/ss/o/v PART II - FAMILY BUDGETS. Family budgets giving Incomes and expensoa In detail for the calendar years 1915 and 1917 were secured 'oy the Commls- aion through newspaper editors in selected cities in different parts of the country. The results furnished fresh data on the proportion of expenditures for each main item of the family ■budget, and also threw some light on the relation of ej^enses to inooine in 1915 compared with 1917. Appendix C shoMrs the form of questlonaire used. Table 3 gives a brief summary of the results and Chart No. 1 lllusti-ates the relation of ejgpenses to income. These results must be used with cautloni since they are at best nothing more than a coinposlte of careful guesses, as very families keep trustworthy records. The "Annual Income" shown for the different territories and income groups must not be accepted as showing a differential in wage scales. The varia- tion is purely accidental due to the varying size (income) of families selected by the editors. The amount of "Surpluses" and "Deficits" should be interpreted as tendencies rather than precise amounts or relationships. Table 4 shows the percent distribution of total ex- penses by objects of expenditure. These ratios are generally consistent with other budgetary experience (See Table 2 of Part I). Table 5 gives the percent increase in the total in- come and total expenses reported for 1915 and 1917. For all of the 265 budgets combined the increase in income was 10/t for the smaller income group and 14^. for the larger, compared with 27% increase . in sxpanaea for each group. The increase for expenses is not as large as the known increases in relative prices for the various Items that enter into the family budget (see Table 1, Part I), and a comparison of the two gives some indication of the economies and substitutions practiced. Table 6 is a detailed summary of the absolute figures shown by the 265 budgets with the confuted ratios and averages. 88 Pepoer or Tne: ^y^/Liso/iD WfiGE CommiSS/o/V TABIE 3. SUMMARY OF RESULTS. 265 FAMILY BUDGETS COLIECTED BY R. R. WAGE COMMISSION. (Result s Shown are Averases per Famllv) I.C.C-. Cerritory In- come Group No. of Fanl- lles Annual Income Ann EJCTIS ual nses Net Sur- plus or Deficit Number of Families Report inz 1915 1917 1915 1917 1915 1917 Surplus Derlolt Surplus Deficit ^stera 1 2 62 49 i 698 1,269 » 792 1,451 % 720 1,150 $ 944 1,469 $ 221 U9 tl52d 184 27 41 31 8 7 24 52 23 Southern 1 2 8 24 822 1,376 903 1,507 716 1,224 914 1,508 106 1S2 lli li 5 18 2 3 5 11 2 12 Western 1 2 SO 72 787 1,234 837 1,422 741 1,111 900 1,412 46 123 63± 10' 23 55 17 12 12 37 30 31 'otal, U.S. 1 2 120 145 743 1,269 81B 1,446 728 1,143 924 1,447 15 127 '°t 55 U4 50 23 24 72 84 56 lotal 1 and 2 265 1,031 1,162 955 1,210 76 48i 169 73 96 140 Income Group No. 1 Comprisee famlliea with inoomea up to (1,000. Ho. 2 " ,.■■■■ j„„ ^1,000 to 42,000 d Deficit 89 Pepoer or The /?/j/l/3o/id W/ig£ CommiSS/on Chart No. i Percent Expenses Are of Income. Z6S pAMiLr Budgets Collected By R.R Commission. {The ratios unslsr 100 indicate a surplus; those over 100 a deficit') 3-1-18 W.A.H. Mote ■ For ttase figures see Table 3. 90 &£Poer or Tne ^^/Leo/io W/ige Co /vj a? / ss/o/v TABLE 4. PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL EXPENSES 265 FAMILY BUDGETS COLIECTED BY R. R. WAOE COtMISSION. i.e.c. i Food Rent Clothlna Fuel t LlRht Sundries T jtal ncome Income Income Income Income Income Income Income Income Income Income Income TERRI- Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group TORY Year 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 EAST- 1915 44 35 20 20 13 16 6 6 17 23 100 100 ERN 1917 48 38 17 17 13 17 7 6 15 22 100 100 SOUTH- 1915 51 35 18 21 14 15 5 5 12 24 100 100 ERM 1917 54 39 14 18 15 16 5 5 12 22 100 100 WEST- 1915 40 35 21 20 14 16 8 6 17 23 100 100 ERN 1917 46 39 17 la 14 16 8 7 15 20 100 100 Total 1 .915 1917 1915 1917 1915 1917 1915 1917 1915 .1917 1915 1917 U.S 38 42 20 17 15 15 6 7 21 19 100 100 Income up to 4600 51 56 17 17 13 U 6 6 13 10 100 100 Income $600 to tlOOO 42 46 2Q 17 14 14 7 7 17 16 100 100 Income ^000 to taooo 35 39 20 18 16 16 6 6 23 21 100 100 Income Group Ho. 1 Comprisee famlliee with Incomes up to $1000 " No. 2 " " " " tlOOO to $2000. 91 £epoist of The Qailqoad Wage Commission TABLE 5. PER. CBHT THCREABB - 1915 TO 1917 . 265 FAMILY BUDGETS COLLECTED BY B« H. VIIAGE OCMMISSION. i : I,p,.(;, I Annual Inodme s Annual Expenses Territory iGroup l*j Group 2# : Group 1 »Group 2 : : • : liaatem : VSL > X49S t Slii : ZlA i i : i SflUthem 1095 : lOjS x ZBH, : Z3i Western.... i....i £95: 15^ i 223^ i 27^ > i : : Total, U. S t logi i 1495 : 27jt t 27j5 > : : : * Inoone Group Noa 1 ooinprlses families witli inoomes up to tl,000. # Inoome Group No. 2 comprises families with Incomes up to $2,000. 92 budgets rrere co/Zected hy the Commission through NerfspaperEdifors. astern] 'Southern' and 'tYestern' ferr/for/a/ d/'y/sj'ons shoivn are the if/cafions of the Jnterstate Commerce Commission. Surplus Deficit Surplus Deficit es Tota/ 7 1915 1917 1915 I9IS 1917 1917 22 23 2A- 25 26 27 \76 f /00,94S\74 * I30,S/3'0S '4,4-S4\a9 i * '/0.270',80 .00 6,673 ,4A 8, 4 5 8, 30 /./70,44 Z.206',90 ',49 37,335,37 so,oe5\e5 /88 ; 74 7I85\80 1; ■:-' 56,340\33 71, 9B3'.I0 S,854,07 878 /O zo 3S, 107,75 43,494,31 4,498' 25 103.31 — ; — 1 — 1 — . — — [00 S,7Z3\ZO 7.3 14 '^0 844,80 88-20 ■.20 23,378 ,55 36. ISO, II 3.6S3'.4S /5-// iz-r 117, 033 ,03 I4e,6e3\30 11.144 85 2.414. 19 •\05 Z,7Z4\40 2,56Z'.OS 141 '60 441 .05 ''58 34, 331 ,S0 42,454' 03 2.134. 25 2,717,15 ,&* 73.3 7 7\J3 /O/ ,667',/6 8.863\00 744 ,0/ ',23 r 253,030 [5S * 3Z0.63o\ee *20,I37'99 '/2.7S8.30 .OS 3. 397^84 II .OZO '35 * lOZe' 84 2£4T95 '07 77,996' 07 99,83 3 \94 2,790,3/ 3.391./ 5 , 11 ieS,69e [67 Z09,83e '37 /a,37e\5Z /49',20 1 ' 1 , 1 , ' ; , 1 46 » 309',46 * /,/75 ,79 * 40,49 # * f 32'53 •04 71 3' SO 343 '.93 21,92 15/ SO ',36 /,/49,S/ /,463,I6 113,47 ' 17 92 •S4 l,OS7', IZ /, 359 ; ZO /40',S7 3 23 •75 7/6' J 5 9/4,28 /OS, 60 , II 02 ,eo 1, Z24, // I.S07'.S0 /SZ',Z3 ', 63 \8S 3S9\ 29 1. 202' 32 3/, 35 19.79 \73 74-/\lZ 900,32 45,52 63.16 ,34 /,// , 79 1,4/ Z '.04 123' /a 10,33 ,S/ t 955,Oe ' /.ZIO'lS ' 75,99 « 48.26 ',Z6 728,28 323,79 /4'.68 105.33 ,6Z J, /42 ; 74 /,447'JS / 26,73 /■03 ' ' 1 1 2 /oo', /oo', ; ' 3 /OO', IOO\ ■9 IOC lOO' \ ioo\ 100, \ 3 lOO'tO 100 1 6 loo', 100 •4 100, 100 , S 100' 100 1 6 100 \ 100 ^0- /oo'. lOO' /oo, 100: 7 /oo' /oo' 3 /oo, /oo\ ^ . ; 7 Z9\3 I 4 31 • 2 27\ 8 8 23 9 3 27 7 7 23' 2 ' 1 25 3 3 2/ '. 5 4 27. / e 26, 7 4 26 8 z 26 6 ' t . ' 13 E PORT OF The ISailqoad Wage Commission APfBHPIX III Bnployees of Ballroads, December 1917, Srouped by Monthly Rates of Pag This statement is oomplled from the re- turns of Class 1 Ballroads and certain Switching and Terminal CooipaRies, made to the Commission In response to its request. The rates of pay are for the standard month discharged of all compensation for overtime or extra serrloe. and constitute a table of wages, not of earnings, for the month named. The railroads Included In this summary will be found listed in ^pendlz IX, For comparative pur- poses the returns are separately presented for each District, and for the United States as a whole. 95 ISepoer of The £/mlqo/id Wage Commission statement of the Nnmtwr of Bnpltgree of All Claes 1 Sultdhljig aud Tsmlnal Ballroads In the Cblted States, grade! aooordiag to their Menthl/ Bates of "l«i. for Caq>aratlve Furpoaes this Statonent Shows Separately the number of Bq>lo7e9 In Eaoh Qrade , In Each District , and in the Onlted States as a Whale. (Coi.l) Eastem Southern Western Total For (8J!!ir dasnlatlTS t30 or less 8,319 10,173 8.871 37,363 1.41 1.41 $30 to $36 S,836 18,460 8,464 33,640 1.68 3.09 SSe te $40 8,389 36,363 17,716 81,367 2.66 6.74 $40 to $4S 11,167 18,381 17,930 47,478 2.45 6.19 $46 to $60 14,841 30,961 44.173 79,978 4.11 13.30 \ $eo ts $58 40,186 18,737 60.964 109,876 5.67 17.97 $66 to $60 71,060 17,863 67 .952 166,666 8.07 36.04 $60 to $66 101,064 15,480 66,189 181,693 9.37 38.41 ! %m to $70 76,078 16,514 45,767 137,369 7.08 43.49 1 $70 to $76 70,947 30,347 74,108 168,403 8.63 81.03 $76 to $80 77,388 17,418 64,923 149,634 7.73 58.74 $60 to $86 60,660 18,676 48,344 122,479 6.32 65.06 $BE te $90 53,760 11,736 38,881 101,387 6.33 70.38 ViO t« $98 49,497 10,683 36,316 96,466 4.97 78.36 $96 to $100 48,374 ',.838 34,9» 88,171 4.58 79.81 $100 te $110 86,688 16.391 46,689 117,668 6.07 88.88 $110 to $120 43,618 10.613 31,307 84,638 4.36 90.24 $130 to $130 33,895 4,866 30,383 88,013 2.99 93.23 $130 to $140 18,080 6,413 18,333 41,815 2.16 96.39 $140 to $160 13,074 4,748 14,803 33,634 1.68 97.07 $160 to $160 9,119 1,934 6,346 16,389 .84 97.91 $160 to $170 5,814 3,183 6,833 13,800 .71 93.63 $170 to $180 4,693 1.038 3,343 9,070 .47 99.09 $180 to $190 3,673 703 1,947 5.321 .37 99.36 $190 to $200 3,436 698 2,018 6,148 .36 99.63 $300 to $310 1,113 396 711 3,130 .11 99.73 $310 to $330 714 338 881 1,603 .08 99.81 $330 to $330 714 262 558 1,634 .08 99.89 $330 to $240 338 74 258 670 .03 99.93 $340 to $360 717 210 644 1,871 .08 100. OO Totals 884,818 291 .7W 762,80* 1,939,399 100.00 96 Pepoer or The ^/iiL/eo/ia YYage Co/yi/mss/o/v AfPEJTOIX lY Average Monthly Eaminga For 1915. 1916. and 1917 B.v Oogupatlonal Claaaea The tables next attached show the average earnings per month of employees in each occapa^ tional class, in each district, and for the United States as a iiihole, separately presented for each of the years 1915, 1916 and 1917. This data was compiled as to 1915 and 1916 from the reports of carriers to the Interstate Commerce Commission and for 1917 from reports of carriers to this Comnission. 97 i^epoer of The JS/i/lro/id W/ige Com/n/ss/o/v 3fafemenf shotving the/tferaffeMonth/y Barnings of Smployees of C/ass / ea//roads /'nthe United Stafes, by D/stricfs and for the country as a tv/?o/e, during f/ie f/sca/ year ended done 30, /9 J 7 and the ca/endar years ended Dec. 3/, /ff/6 and 19!7 respecf/Ve/y. I9IS 1916 1917 Occupations (1) EASTERN DISTBICT. (Zl st>urii£BM DISTglCT. (31 WESrCSN DismicT. (41 TOTAL U.S. (51 SASTEeN OISTBICT (61 SOUTHEQN DISTBICT (7J WESTEHN DisimcT (SI TOTAL U.S. (9) E/ISTSeN DISTBICT (101 SOUTHEBN DISTBICT (111 WESTEBN DISTRICT (IZI TOTAL U.S. 1 Genera/ officers, 'a.ooc p. a. and upirsrds. (f tl t * f * t * t It f n f i t 41 t If ^ 4 W t t it General officers, be/on- *3.COO per annum. lei oz IZZ ZZ lOZ 18 ISI 88 169 36 136 09 147 42. ISI 91 168 02 131 23 ISZ 37 ISZ 63 J Division officers. *3.000 p.3. and upn-ards 4 Diy/sion officers. beJo>v*3.00O per annum 146 47 l.?Z eo IS3 23 14-7 6Z 147 OO 136 7+ IS4 64 147 64 IS4 9S 144 aa 161 68 ISS PT S C'/erAs. '300 p. a. and uDivards {except Mo. 37J 93 SS 83 S4 91 €6 94 OS 101 09 9S S7 98 S3 ■ 99 le I02 7S lOl 36 lOI s-e I02 oe s Clerks, ie/on *30C p a. (except No. 37) S5 SO SO 98 SZ Zl S4 17 SB Z8 S3 94- S5 81 S6 86 S7 84 S4 66 SS 97 S6 77 7 Msssenqers and attendants 40 60 Z9 SI 39 34 36 17 40 12 3Z 93 41 93 39 26 42 az 36 83 46 42 4-2 84 8 Assistant enQineers and draftsmen. B7 Sit 93 7Z 38 OZ S3 4Z 93 66 98 63 32 ZS 93 76 94 7Z 96 76 95 26 9S 22 S M. W. & S. foremen Cexciudina Abs /O and 2S) sa 13 az S7 lOO 49 9Z Z6 93 S6 ee 71 97 47 94 36 99 S7 92 SZ lOZ 72 too 00 10 Section foremen ee 68 S9 60 69 4Z 64 30 71 60 63 17 67 oe 67 98 77 60 68 6S 73 // 73 89 Genera/ foremen - A^.£. department ize 78 13 7 8Z IZ3 4S IZ7 77 129 29 133 39 132 Ol 131 13 I40 Z7 I3B 69 134 98 137 73 U Gam? and other foremen ~ Af. £. department. 9i 06 96 84 I03 ZO 97 Z4 lOO 9S I03 Zl 104 84 102 68 111 79 114 S9 113 37 112 76 13 /yfach/nists. so 71 83 83 94 89 as 87 9S 61 97 72 lOl 98 lOO 42 IIO 87: 111 89 IZ3 39 116 3S 14 Bor/er ma/rers. 84 IS 86 97 98 3Z 89 68 96 60 39 OO IIO 89 lOZ 46 112 IS 120 37 126 SB 118 as IS S/acksmifhs 7b OS 71 30 81 41 77 Zl 89 63 84 94 93 41 90 ZZ 103 41 lOZ 32 108 17 104 94 16 Masons anddnc/flai/ers. 63 SS SO SI 7B 7/ 6S 76 78 17 63 S6 85 32 77 47 81 6Z SB SO 77 OO 77 IS 17 Structara/ ironworkers. 71 IS 43 38 I06 71 74 84 ao 61 67 Z4 I07 92 85 SB 81 74 7S 66 93 10 84 38 18 Carpenters. 66 BO S6 8S 64 75 64 OO 74 40 60 63 73 7S 71 SI ao 41 70 IS ao OB 78 4S IS Painters and upho/sterers. 63 19 SS ZO 66 83 63 IS 73 77 63 14 72 23 71 li-4 ao 66 73 37 79 90 79 lO zo Eiectricians. 74 98 7S 18 84 BO 78 44 78 42 74 lO 83 9Z 79 74- 83 79 as SZ 89 47 86 03 21 A/r-bra/(e men. 66 Z6 67 ZO 70 84 67 63 79 28 72 89 79 S7 78 49 91 S7 91 96 87 S4 90 41 22 Car inspectors . 69 ZO 77 IS 80 30 73 4B 77 Ol 83 6Z 86 98 ai 11 91 08 104 21 98 63 95 24 23 Car repairers . ez 7Z SS 37 €6 40 6Z 24 71 34 6Z 48 sa 82 68 80 as 92 79 SB so 44 82 78 24 Ot/}er s/rji/ed laborers. 71 4-9 61 le 7S 77 7/ 07 ao 66 70 38 77 Z6 77 39 91 02 84 OS 87 eo 88 SO 25 Me chanics 'helpers and appren fices . £Z\ S4- 39 Zl S3 3Z SO 39 60 44 46 £7 S9 9Z SB Ol 71 4^ SS 33 10 67 63 se 26 Section men. 39 81 Z9 93 39 4-3 37 68 48 S-4 31 64 42 IS 42 41 S7 19 36 64 so 9S so 31 ii Other unskit/ed laborers. 48 66 39 ZS 48 Z4 46 44 S3 42 4J> Zl S3 43 SO 71 63 Ol 4S 34 60 18 SB 2£ 28 foremen ot const, gangs and ivork trains. 79 76 SO Z7 33 79 84 36 81 96 77 81 71 83 77 54 90 3S az lO ao 73 8S 73 29 Other men in const, gangs and yvork trains. 4.0 98 36 ZO 4S 89 4Z 38 SI 9S 30 SO 48 30 46 3S S9 se 3Z 87 sJ SI SZ 44 30 Trai^eling agents and so/tcitors. IZ6 33 117 Z7 IZ4 SS IZ3 33 131 as IZ6 60 131 Z8 130 S4 13S 6S 129 83 140 39 136 73 31 Bmp/ovees in outside a<7encies 7£ 46 70 IS lOZ Ol 81 6S 78 Z3 71 87 107 17 86 81 as OO 72 IS lOZ 43 88 lO 32 Other traffic employe&s. 7Z 70 68 96 90 91 79 97 74 90 lie as IZ3 10 99 S6 92 84 117 97 iza 91 IIO 68 33 Train dispatchers and directors. IZZ ee IZ7 37 148 83 I3Z 99 134 40 I3Z 26 IS7 92 143 4-S 139 9Z 138 94 164 41 149 76 34 Telegraphers, telephoners. and block operators. 63 17 64 ZZ 71 41 66 IS 66 ZZ 69 71 76 S4 71 SS 73 79 73 75 eo 2S 76 Z9 35 Telegraphers and telephoners operating interlockers. 68 4Z 70 80 66 69 68 47 73 ZO 71 76 68 6S 72 SO ao 30 82 SS 7Z £4- 79 60 3e Lei^ermen inontelegraptjersj. eo OS S3 S3 64 az 60 90 6S 6Z S3 91 6S as 64 73 73 07 63 ze 69 74 71 09 37 Telegrapher- clerAs. €Z 33 6S 69 70 S4 66 3Z 67 24- 66 S3 71 S9 69 24 7Z 80 73 IS 7S 72 74 31 38 //g ent- telegraphers. ee 36 66 79 71 16 68 SO 70 33 70 73 7Z 92 71 69 76 ai 79 99 ao IS 79 04- 33 Station agents CnontelegraphersJ. ai Z3 70 29 77 94- 77 63 84 31 64 38 az 90 79 37 90 61 70 74 91 7S as 61 40 Station-masters and assistants. too ZO 76 SI az 03 91 29 IIZ 13 78 sa 34 ZS 84 OS US 03 lOS 79 90 36 I06 96 41 Station service employees fexcept Nos.S,6.37,3S.39.40f6i sz S3 34 SS S6 IS SO ZZ S7 Z7 37 SB S9 87 S4 73 60 99 43 7Z 6Z 14 SB £7 4Z fardmasters. 131 40 IZI ZO I3S 83 131 09 134 12 131 1-4 139 03 13£ 3S ISO OB I40 24- 1S7 ze ISI 12 43 Yardmaster's assistants fnot yard cierksj 119 69 I08 Zl IZS 44 IIB 79 iza 79 119 63 136 ZS 129 29 I40 31 131 17 IS7 68 14-3 4S 44 yard engineers and motormen. IZ6 SO IZO SZ 131 Z4- IZ6 76 ISZ S7 127 Z6 141 3Z 134 39 147 SO i4f, 74 1S5 27 14-9 78 I'T Yard firemen and helpers. 78 IS 64 98 78 Z4 7S 99 at 9S 70 43 tin 66 az 30 91 70 81 57 96 94 91 be 4e fard conductors Cor foremen! . 113 Zl I04 66 116 30 IIZ 66 117 37 I09 SO 1Z3 33 lie 61 ISO 62 127 33 138 19 132 S2 47 yard brahemen Csivitchmen or helpers). 96 38 87 6S I04 SI 91 93 lOO 23 ei> 91 lOi 89 99 81 111 3S 96 13 118 04 111 IB 4n Yard stvitch tenders. do 90 SS 13 sa Z6 S9 99 64 ee S6 33 69 IS 6Z 99 72 73 SB e7 67 S2 70 4a 49 Other yard employees . S4- 68 48 97 46 34 SI 4S S3 89 Z9 OB SO 38 46 71 S9 17 43 26 SB S6 S6 Ol so Hostlers. 79 99 BO IZ B3 03 ao 9S SS 13 83 S3 94 23 87 93 lOO 9Z 100 83 I09 19 I03 6a SI Enginehouse-men. S7 68 44 S9 61 Z6 S6 SB €4 Z4 43 96 60 6/ 60 18 76 SO S6 89 68 51 69 70 IP ISoad freight engineers and motormen. 149 zz IS9 ZO IS4 7/ ISZ 7S I4S 04. 148 48 169 36 1S4 32 Ibl 38 171 Of IBB 39 I7S b4 ,5-.? £oad freight firemen and helpers. 94 44 88 71 96 41 94 10 90 6/ 79 OO lOi 93 82 104 09 9U 14 lib 22 i06 11 « Eoad freight conductors. 131 ZS IZS B7 I3S IS 131 S9 IZ9 09 124 73 146 Ul 134 77 ISI bU 14-^ £3 162 51 IS4 Sb ,f,f ISoad freight brskemen and flagmen. as 19 76 89 9Z 09 as 83 83 SB 74 69 99 95 87 7(J 97 90 86 09 110 23 /OO II T^ £oad passenger engineers and motormen. 170 Z8 I90 Z.4 182 68 17a 46 les 03 IBS 89 181 89 177 04-. 171 68 ZOZ 16 196 64 IBS 93 T? ^oad passenger firemen and helpers. 104 lO lOO 3Z 113 69 106 87 lOI 4S 100 09 118 73 loe 11 103 93 110 12 IZ4 27 112 83 ,W l2oad passenger conductors. IS5 Z3 146 8Z IS4 33 IS3 S7 IS3 99 ISO 99 161 23 lib ■41 161 87 I6Z 81 166 17 163 75 f9 ^oad passenger baggagemen. 93 31 34 31 68 77 87 03 93 63 90 m as 66 91 49 39 S9 99 // 9Z SS 98 Ul f;o I^oad passenger brakemen and flagmen. 90 SI 7Z 30 8Z 4Z as Z3 89 06 7b 30 84 as 94 94 61 84 68 88 II 91 10 6/ Other road train employees. 73 73 68 07 67 67 S9 00 as 87 47 94 bti SI 6S 15 as 19 £1 17 71 63 68 11 62 Crossing flagmen and gatemen. 39 97 3S 48 40 Z7 39 S9 4Z 06 34 44 40 U3 4V 89 46 04 37 II 43 b4 44 65 m Drawbridge operators. SO 38 40 8Z SB SS SS 33 63 91 4-b 10 bO sa bZ 69 33 49 95 64 63 K4 floatmg eguipment employees. 63 SS S6 3S sa 6Z SA- 61 7-4 92 SB SO 7« 30 14 36 78 76 S4 98 92 17 79 94- fiS Express service employees 4-9 OB 36 OO 6Z 6/ 61 ZS a 14 b 82 1 15 Kfi Policemen and ivatchmen SB 7S SO OS 6S 91 S9 IS 69 9S S4 17 68 85 til 23 IS 5b sa 63 80 04 74 84 f? Other transportation emplovees. SS 30 4S OS 47 SO SZ OO SI 17 47 89 66 41 SS 3S 6S 37 60 «7 ao 12 70 31 fiff f/ii other employees . S7 OS 40 34- 'H ZB SO S3 ■S4 72 SI 22 49 SI 84 S9 90 £1 Z2 S3 28 SS 88 eepoer of The ^/9/l/so^d )Y/ie£ Commiss/oa/ Sngloyees and their Compeaaatlon for the Tear ended Decenber 31. 1917^ Arranged by Ocoupatlons . Ihls Statensnt Is oonpiled from returns- made to this Comadsalon on Interstate Coaaeroe Conmlasion*s Annual Report porn No .561, for the year ended December 31, 1917. EiVloyees in this statement are grouped according to the ocoi^atlonal classification of the Interstate commerce comnisslon. It will be noted that this table gives the average number of employees In each class throughout the year and that this average mnnber la total (1,740,479) is about 11 per cent below the actual number en^loyed during December (1,939,399), It Is assumed by this commission that the actual number employed In December (1,939,399) will more correctly represent the average number of en^loyees for 1918 than the average number enployed in 1917 (1,740,479). 99 5 <10 "0 CO 00 O o7 K (^ oj 5 0) 0^ CM CM ■^^ 0^ ing 1918 is presented in the tatle next attached. Thie estimate is made ty applying to the aver- age monthly earnings of each class of employees, the rate per cent of increase prescrlhed for that amount as disclosed by the tahle of increased rates in the main body of the report* The figures contained in this table do not in- clude the increases awarded to those employees who are in the service of what are inown as Class II and Class III roads, under the Interstate Coamieree Commis- elon'6 classification, nor do they include those of the sleeping and parlor car companies. All of the above, in so far as they are under Government control, come with- in the conclusions of this report. 101 <» Ol ^ o 0 Ol ^ ^ O ^ n -- ■* ■^ to N o K K ■it ^ !\| o "0 ^0 f^ IT) ^ "* (0 ^ CM N ■6 (J\ . iT) 1* N M ~^ ^ N s 01 o: I ^.■^ ^ ^ ^ ^ (0 ^ OJ O s "5 6^ JJ fM tM ^ N s tM S s Ir sCS K X \ ^ ^ oo \ 1*1 0^ It ~s n 05 0) N ¥ ^ ^ Q 't 03 K 0"1 ^ 01 M Q Q <^ lO ? 0 1^ * \ ^ SO S 0) r-4 s: ! ^ 5 1 ) 5 ^5 ; f J Ol ,( ftt ii: ~t ; «) ■«3 c; <0 10 ( ■J !2 ^^" £ H) ^ «j i 1 ID ^1 1^ 5 IS 5> S ^ 1 ^ 5 § 1 1 55 1 -5 1 1 ! 1 11 c: 1 10 s f 3 ^^1 Hi .c: 1 11 .10 ssjon WAG-ES II WAGES RATES RATES par Old New Per Old Mew day per xo. per mo. day per mo. per mo. 3.75 $116.25 $145.36 5.50 $170,50 $191.54 3.80 117.80 146.65 5.55 172.05 192.73 3.85 119.35 147.95 5.60 173.60 194.21 3.90 120.90 149.48 5.65 175.15 195.40 3.95 122.45 150.60 5.70 176.70 196.86 4.00 124.00 152.15 5.75 178.25 198.07 4.05 125.55 153.31 5.80 179.80 199.52 4.10 127.10 154.46 5.85 181.35 200.74 4.15 128.65 155.98 5.90 182.90 202.20 4.20 130.20 157,13 5.95 184.45 203.39 4.25 131.75 158.65 6.00 186.00 204.86 4.30 133.30 159.81 6.05 187.55 206.06 4.35 134.85 161.32 6.10 189.10 207.27 4.40 136.40 162.49 6.15 190.65 208.73 4.45 137,95 163.99 6.20 192.20 209.92 4.50 139.50 165.15 5.25 193.75 211.38 4.55 141.05 166.33 6.30 195.30 212.58 4.60 142.60 167.83 6.35 196.85 214.04 4.64 144.15 169.00 6.40 198.40 215.24 4.70 145.70 170.50 5.45 199.95 216.70 4.75 147.25 171.68 6.50 201.50 217.90 4.80 148.80 173.17 6.55 203.05 219.13 4.35 150.35 174.35 6.60 204.60 230.56 4.90 151.90 175.34 6.65 206.15 221.78 4.95 153.45 177.02 6.70 207.70 223.34 5.00 155.00 178.50 5,75 209.25 224.44 5.05 156.55 179.69 5.80 210.80 225.89 5.10 158.10 180.87 6.85 213.35 227.11 5.15 159.65 182.35 6.90 213.90 228.55 5.30 161.20 183.54 6.95 215.45 229.76 5.25 162.75 185.01 7.00 217.00 231,19 5.30 164.30 186.22 7.05 218.55 232.43 5.35 165.35 187.68 7.10 220.10 233.64 5.40 167.40 183.88 7.15 221.65 235.08 5.45 168.95 190.34 7.20 223.20 236.30 lis JSepobt of The 2ailqoad Wage Commission WAGES 1 WAGES Rates Rates per Old New per Old New day per mo. per me. day per mo. - per mo. 7.25 f 224 .75 1237.74 7.75 $240.25 $250,00 7.30 226.30 346.96 7.80 241.80 250.00 7.35 227.85 240.38 7.85 243.36 250.00 7.40 229.40 241.63 7.90 244.90 250.00 7.45 230.96 243.05 7.95 246.45 250.00 7,60 232.50 244.28 8.00 248.00 250.00 7.56 234.05 245.50 8.05 249.55 250.00 7.60 235.60 246.93 7.65 237.16 248.15 7.70 238.70 249.58 114 G£POJ3T OF The Ra il (joad Wage Commission Table of inaraaaed. rates per hour for oompanaatlon of hourly workers showing old rates In Column 1 and naw rates per hour for 8. 9. 10. 11. and 12 hour workers . - Above 12 hotira same as 12, Old Hovirly — rates BEW HATKS IN CEHTS PER HOUR of pay la cents 8 hours 9 hours 10 hours 11 hours 12 hours 10 19.75 18.5(5 17.75 17.00 16,50 10.5 20.25 19.00 18.25 17.50 17.00 11 20.75 19.50 18.75 18.00 17.50 11.5 21.25 20.00 19.25 18.50 18.00 12 21.75 ! 20.50 19.75 19.00 18.50 12.5 22.25 21.00 20.25 19.50 19.00 13 22,75 21.50 20.75 20.00 19.50 13.5 23.25 22.00 21.25 20.50 20.00 14 23.75 22.50 21.75 21.00 20.50 14.5 24.25 23.00 22.25 21.50 21.00 15 24.75 23.50 22.75 22.00 21.50 15.5 25.25 24.00 23.25 22.50 22.25 16 25.75 24.50 23.75 23.00 23.00 16.5 26.25 25.00 24.25 23.75 23.75 17 26.75 25.50 24.75 24.50 24.00 17.5 27.25 26.00 25.00 25.00 24.75 18 27.75 ' 26.50 25.75 25.50 25.50 18.5 28.25 27.00 27.25 26.25 26.25 19 28.75 27.50 27.26 27.00 27.00 19.5 29.25 28.00 27.75 27,50 27.50 20 29.75 26,75 28.50 28.25 28.25 20.5 30.25 29.50 29.00 29.00 29.00 21 30.75 30.00 29.75 29.75 29.75 21.5 31.25 30.75 30.50 30.50 30.50 22 31.75 31.25 31.00 31.00 31.00 22.5 32.26 31.75 31.75 31.75 31.76 -23 33.00 32.50 32,50 32.50 32.50 23.5 33.75 33.25 33.25 33.25 S3. 25 24 34.50 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 24.5 35.00 34.50 34.50 34.75 34.76 115 2£PoeT OF The R/i/LlSO/iDWfleE CoM/vliSS/o/v NEW RATES IN CENTS PER HOOT. Old Hourly rates of pay- in cents 8 hours 9 hours 10 hours 11 hours 12 hours 25 35.50 35.25 35.25 35.25 35.35 25.5 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 26 36.75 36.75 36.75 36.75 36.50 26.5 37.50 37.50 37.50 37.50 37.25 27 38.25 38.00 38.00 38.25 38.00 27.5 39.00 38.75 38.75 39.00 38.50 28 39.50 39.50 39.50 39.50 38.75 28.5 40.25 40.25 40.25 40.00 39.25 29 41.00 41.00 41.00 40.75 39.75 29.5 41.75 41.75 41.75 41.50 40.00 30 42.50 42.50 42.50 42.00 40.50 30.5 43.25 43.00 43.00 42.25 41.00 31 43.75 43.75 43.75 42.75 41.50 31.5 44.50 44.50 44.25 43.00 41.75 32 45.25 45.25 45.00 43.50 42.25 32.5 46.00 46.00 45.50 44.00 42.50 33 46.75 46.50 46.00 44.50 43.25 33.5 47.25 47.25 46.50 45.00 43.50 34 48.00 48.00 46.75 45.25 43.75 34.5 48.75 48.50 47.25 45.75 44.25 35 49.50 49.00 47.75 46.00 44.75 35.5 50.25 49.75 4^.00 46.50 45.25 36 51.00 50.50 48.50 47.00 45.50 36.5 51.50 51.00 49.00 47.50 16.00 37 52.25 51.50 49.50 48.00 46.50 37.5 53.00 52.00 49.75 48.25 47.00 38 53.75 52.25 50.25 48.75 47.25 38.5 54.00 52.50 50.75 49.00 47.75 39 54.75 53.00 51.00 49.50 48.25 39.5 55.50 53.50 51,50 50.00 48.50 116 PepoisT OF Tne £/t/Leo/iD W/ice Commiss/oN Old Hourly rates of IJEff HATES IN CENTS PER HOUR pay in cents. 8 hours 9 hours 10 hours 11 hours 12 hours 40 56.00 54.00 52.00 50.25 49.00 40.5 56.75 54.50 52.50 50.75 49.50 41 57.25 55.00 52.75 51.25 50.00 41.5 57.75 55.25 53.25 51.75 50.25 42 58.25 55.75 53.75 52.00 50.75 42.5 58.50 56.00 54.00 52.50 51.25 43 59.00 56.50 54.50 53.00 51.50 43.5 59.50 57.00 55.00 53.25 52.00 44 60.00 57.50 55.50 53.75 52.50 44.5 60.25 57.75 55.75 54.25 53.00 45 60.75 58.25 56.25 54.75 53.25 45.5 61.25 58.50 56.75 55.00 53.75 46 61.50 59.00 57.00 55.50 54.25 46.5 62.00 59.50 57.50 56.00 54.50 47 62.50 60.00 58.00 56.25 55.00 47.5 63.00 60.25 58.50 56.75 55.50 48 63.25 60.75 58.75 57.25 55.75 48.5 63.75 61.25 59.25 57.75 56.25 49 64.25 61.75 59.75 58,00 56.75 49.5 64.75 62.25 60.00 58.50 57.00 50 65.00 62.50 60.50 59.00 57.75 50.5 65.25 62.75 61.00 59.25 58.00 51 65.75 63.25 61.50 59.75 58.25 51.5 66.25 63.75 61.75 60.25 58.75 52 66.50 64.25 62.25 60.50 59.25 52.5 67.00 64.75 62.50 61.00 59.75 53 67.50 65.00 63.00 61.50 60.00 53.5 68.00 65.50 63.50 61.75 60.50 54 68.25 66.00 64.00 62.25 61.00 54,5 68.75 66.25 64.25 62.75 61.25 117 Pepoer or Th£ ^/ifL/eo/iD Wage Co/ytM/ss/o/v Old Hourly rates NEW RATES IS CENTS PER HOUR of pay In cents. 8 hours 9 hours 10 hours 11 hours 12 hours 55 69.25 66.75 64.75 63.00 61.75 55.5 69.75 67.25 65.25 63.50 62.25 56 70.00 67.50 65.75 64.00 62.75 56.5 70.50 68.00 66.00 64.50 63.00 57 71.00 68.50 66.50 64.75 63,50 57.5 71.50 69.00 67.00 65.25 64.00 58 71.75 69.25 67.25 65.75 64.50 58.5 72.25 69.75 67.75 66.00 64.75 59 72.75 70.00 68.25 66.50 65.25 59.5 73.25 70.50 68.50 67.00 65.75 60 73.50 71.00 69.00 67.50 66.00 60.5 74.00 71.50 69.50 67. 7S 66.50 61 74,50 72.00 70.00 68.25 67.00 61.5 74.75 72.25 70.25 68.75 67.25 62 75.25 72.75 70.75 69.00 67.75 62.5 75.75 73.00 71.25 69.50 68.25 63 76.00 73.50 71.50 70.00 68.50 63.5 76.50 74.00 72.00 70.50 69.00 64 76.75 74.50 72.50 70.75 69.50 64.5 77.25 75.00 73.00 71.25 69.75 65 77.75 75.25 73.25 71.75 70.25 65.5 78.25 75.75 73,75 72.00 70.75 66 78.50 76.00 74.25 72.50 71.25 66.5 79.00 76.50 74.50 73.00 71.50 67 79.50 77.00 75.00 73.25 72.00 67.5 80.00 77.50 75.50 73.75 72.50 6S 80.25 77.75 75.75 74.25 72.75 68.5 80.75 78.25 76.25 74.75 73,25 69 81.25 78.75 76.75 75.00 73.75 69.5 81.50 79.00 77.25 75.50 74.25 70 82.00 79.50 77.50 76.00 74.50 70.5 82.50 80.00 78.00 76.25 75.00 71 83.00 80.25 78.50 76.75 75.50 71.5 83.25 80.75 78.75 77.25 75.75 72 83.75 81.25 79.25 77.75 76.25 118 JSepoqt of The £ailqoad Wage Commjss/on Old Hourly NKW BATES IN OENTS FEB UOUB Bates Of Pay In Cents ,8 Hours 9 Hours 10 Hours 11 Hours 12 Hours 72.5 84.25 81.75 79.75 78.00 76.75 73 84.50 82.00 80.00 78.50 77.00 73.5 85.00 82.50 80.50 78.75 77.50 74 85.50 82.75 81.00 79.25 76.00 74.5 86.00 83.25 81.25 79.75 78.25 75 86.50 83.75 81.75 80.00 78.75 75.5 86.75 84.25 82.00 80.50 79.25 76 87.00 84.50 82.50 81.00 79.50 76.5 87.50 85.00 83.00 81.50 80.00 77 88.00 85.50 83.50 81.75 80.50 77.5 88.25 85.75 84.00 62.25 81.00 78 88.75 86.25 84.25 82.50 81.25 78.5 89.25 66.75 84.75 83.00 61.75 79 89.75 87.25 85.25 83.50 82.25 79.5 90.00 87.50 85.50 64.00 82.50 80 90.50 88.00 86.00 84.50 83.00 80.5 91.00 88.50 86.50 84.75 83.00 81 91.25 88.75 67.00 85.25 83.00 81.5 91.75 89.25 87.25 85.50 63.00 82 92.25 89.75 87.75 66.00 83.00 82.5 92.75 90.00 88.00 86.50 83.00 63 93.00 90.50 88.50 87.00 83.00 33.5 93.50 91.00 89.00 87.50 84 94.00 91.50 69.50 87.75 84.5 94.50 91.75 89.75 88.25 85 94.75 92.25 90.25 66.50 85.5 95.25 92.50 90.75 69.00 66 95.75 93.00 91.00 69.50 86.6 96.00 93.50 91.50 90.00 87 96.50 94.00 92.00 90.25 67.5 97.00 94.50 92.50 90.75 86 97.25 94.75 92.75 90.75 88.5 97.75 95.25 93.25 90.75 89 98.25 95.50 93.50 90.75 69.5 98.50 96.00 94.00 90.75 119 9EPOI5T or The /5/iiLieo/iD Wage Commissjon Old Hourly Bfttes Of Pay In Cents 8 Hours 9 Hours 10 Hours 11 Hours 12 Hours 90 99.00 96.50 94.50 90.75 90.5 99.50 97.00 95.00 90.76 91 99.75 97.50 96.50 91.5 100.25 97.75 95.75 92 100.75 96.25 96.25 92.S 101.25 98.50 96.50 93 101.50 99.00 97.00 93.5 102.00 99.50 97.50 94 102.50 100.00 98.00 94.5 102.76 100.26 98.25 95 103.25 100.75 98.75 96.5 103.75 101.25 99.25 96 104.25 101.50 99.50 96.5 104.50 102.00 99.60 97 105.00 102.50 99.60 97.5 105.50 102.76 99.50 98 106.00 103.25 99.50 * 98.5 106.25 103.76 99.50 99 106.75 104.25 99.60 99.5 107.25 104.60 99.60 100 107.50 105.00 100.5 108.00 105.50 101 108.25 106.00 101.5 108.75 106.25 102 109.25 106.75 102.5 109.75 107.00 103 110.00 107.50 103.5 110.50 108.00 104 111.00 108.50 104.5 111.25 108.75 105 111.75 109.2& 105.5 112.25 109.75 106 112.75 110.00 106.6 113.00 110.50 107 113.50 110.50 120 JSepobt of The Sailboad Wage Commissjon Old Hovirly 8 HOUTB BEV BA!EE3 IN CENTS FEB HOUR Sates Of Pay In Gents 9 Hours 10 Hours 11 Hours 12 Hours 107.5 108 108.5 109 109.5 114.00 114.25 114.75 115.25 115.75 110.50 110.50 110.50 110.50 110.50 110 110.5 111 111.5 112 116.00 116.50 117.00 117.25 117.75 110.50 110.50 112.5 113 113.5 114 114.5 118.25 118.50 119.00 119.50 119.50 115 115.5 116 116.5 117 119.50 119.50 119.50 119.50 119,50 117.5 118 118.5 119 119.5 119.50 119.50 119.50 119.50 119.50 121 £EPoeT OF The ISajlqoad Wage Commissjon ILIOSTaATIOIT OF APmOATIOM OF BATES TO EMPLOYES OB A DAILY SATE OF PAY Seotioaman C vas amployed in 1918, but not in 1915. She rate of pay on the diTlslon lAera be is employed in 1916. in 1915 «aa $1.10 per day of 12 hoars, 7 days a week. The 1916 rate of pay is, on the same division, $1*50 per day, for the same hoars. The monthly rate in 1915 was therefore ^3. It is now $45.00. Under the Oomnlssion's plan of increases he ivlll be entitled to $53.00 per month ($20 increase), or $8 per month more than hie present rate for straight time. He vlll therefore, be entitled to receive from Janu- ary 1st to i^rll 30th, $32.00 baolc pay and in the future to receive $53 per month of 360 hoars. His back pay \tdll be computed in the same manner for all overtime worked since January 1, 1918. EMPLOYEEa OM AH H0Offl:.Y BATE OF PAY Itachlnist "D" was employed in the same shop in 1915 and in 1918 on the same class of work* His hourly rate in 1915 was 35 cents for 9 hoars, 26 days a month. He was paid for overtime and Sunday work at time and one-half. In 1918 his hours were re- duced to S and his rate increased to 40 cents. According to the Comnlssion's plan his increase will be confuted on the basis of his standard 1915 hours at the 1915 rate. 122 ££Po/sT or The /d/t/ieo/io W/)OE Comfviiss/o/v viBt 234 hours per manth, 4^81*90 per month, entitling him to 40 per cant Increase In his hourly rate, or 49 cents per hour. In 1918, from Jauoary 1st to April 30, he worked 234 hoars per month, or aa average of 1 hoar dally overtime, on the 1918 schedule, IFhls for four months gives him 104 hoars overtime* Be has heen paid as follows: 832 hours straight tine at 40^ $332.80 104 hours overtime at 60^ 62.40 $396.20 Els back pay will he ocnipated as followst 632 hoars straight time at 49^ per hr> $407,68 104 hours overtime at 73|^ per hour, 76.44 $484,12 Deduct payment at 1918 rates, 395.20 Back pay due, $ 88.92 and his future rate per hour will be 49 cents. If the rate per hour for this particular position had been Increased to 50 cents on January 1st, 1918, there would he no hack pay due, and the rate of 50 cents per hour will he continued. In the case of machinist "E" who was employed in a shop where the rate for his position was 35 cents per hour for 8 hours work Is 1915, with time and one-half for overtime, hut in the same position and same shop with the same hours in 1918 his rate is 46 cents per hour; hla earnings Is 1915 in the standard 208 hour month would he $72.60 per month, and he would he entitled to 41 per cent increase In his hourly rate, vlzt to 49|^ per hour. His straight time and overtime earnings and hack pay would he computed is exactly the sane manner as macliinlst "S". Xhs principles Illustrated will 123 JSepoist of The ISailqoad Wage Commission apply to all men paid l)y the hour, whatever their oeoupation may be* To Bnclovees on a Monthly Rate of Pay Chiaf Cleric A occupied the same position In 1915 and in 1918 1915 Salary - $150.00 Per Month 1918 Salary - $175.00 Per Month Coiainls3lon*8 basis of increase on salaries of $150 per month is 16 .17 percent , or $24 .25 per month . Increased salary under Commission's plan, $174.25; present salary $175.00. Present salary undisturbed . Cleric B in 1915 received $100 , and on the saine desk In 1918 received $113.50 per nusnth , Conunission's basis of increase on $100, 31.75 percent, or $31.75. Increased salary under Com- mission's plan, $131.75. Present salary $112.50. Cleric B is entitled to receive back pay from January 1st to date of the award, at the rate of $19.25 (the difference between $131.75 and $112.50) and to receive monthly, hereafter, $131.75 Instead of $112.50. Back pay due January 1 to April 30, $77.00. 124 ISeport or The Qailboad Wage Commiss ION EXAMPLES FROM PAT ROLLS OF APPLICATION OF COMMISSION'S PLAN. MONTHLY 1. Clerk in 1916 received $100 per month. entitled him, under Commigsion'a plan to $131 .75 His salary had bean raised for aama position in 1918 to 135 .00 He is not , the refore , entitled to any advance . MONTHLY 3. Clerk In 1916 received $100 per month, entitles hira under Commission's plan to $131 ,75 His salary had liean raissd for the same position in 1918 to ^10 .00 Difference in pay one month 21 .75 four months (Jan. 1 to Apr. 30) 87 .00 125 Pepoer or This: ^/rilroao W/^be Com/viissjo/v DAILT 3. Machinist 1916 $4.05 Increased by Cosmiselon*a plan to $5.23 par day $135.95 1918 hia pay was raisad for same work *5.0S par day, equal per mo. to 131.30 Difference in pay 1 aonth 4 aonths An 8 hr. 26 day month both years. 4.65 18.60 Worked 62 houra over time at time aad half 1918 rate 65 .S)* plus 1/2 92.75 98.25# one- $60.92 Was paid 62 hours over time at time 63.12 plus i 31,56 94 .68^ 458,70 2.22 Total back pay due January Ist to April 30, 1913 HOTOLY SO. 82 4. Machinist worked 8 hours per day 27, days in January, 1913 216 hours at 34^ Rate under Coatmlesion ruling 46^ equals 103 .68 1918 his pay was 37^ par hour 216 hours at 37|- equals 81.00 Difference in one month 22.68 Four months (January let to April 30) 90.72 fforked 90 hours over time at time and 72j>, Commission's rate one-half $64.80 Was paid 56:^^ (time and one-half) 50.63 14.17 Balance due January 1st to April 30th, 1918 $104 .89 126 Report or The £aili30AD Wage Commission APPLIOAJIOK OP IKCBRASK3 TO PIECEWCEIiBRS . Eie pieoe-Torlcer shall reoeive for each hour worked, the same ratio of increase par hour as is awarded to the hourly worlcer engaged in similar eoiployiaent in the same shop. If the hourly rate has been increased since 1915 to aa amount greater than the increase awarded ty this Coannission, then the higher rate shall prevail. Where there was no piece rate for an item or operation in the piece rate schedule of 1915, adjust the current price by such am amount as a similar item or operation has been increased or decreased since December 31, 1915, or as near such a plan as practicable. It is understood'that the application of the schedule shall not, in any case, operate to reduce current earnings. It is also understood that a reduction of hours since Deoanber 31, 1915, is not to be ccnsidsred a wage increase under thia award, and this nnist be considered when increases are ab- sorbed in current rates. When a pieceworker works overtime or undertime, he shall receive that proportion of the increase provided in the schedule, which the time actually worked bears to the normsj. time in the position. It is not intended that this award shall disturb ex- isting rules or schedules with respect to payment for overtime. 127 Overtime is not to be ooasidered solely as the uumlier of hours en^loyed in ezceas of tlm normal hours per month in the position, but rather the time employed in excess of tlie normal houra per day. lUWSTRATlOK OF APPLICAIIOK OF IKOBEASES TO PIEGE-WORKEBS Joameyman "F" was employed under a pieoe-worit schedule in & shop where the hasio hourly rate was 35 cents for 8 hourSt with time and one-half for overtime. This rate under the Commission's plan illustrated above will be increased to i9^ per hour. Biffer- ©noe 14^ cents. Entirely regardless of the schedule of piece rates under v^ch he is paid, under this award "F" will be entitled to receive 14^ per hour in addition to his pieoe-worlt aaniings for every hour w}rlc8d in 1918 imless the hourly rate shall in the interim have bean raised and a proportionate increase made in the piece-worlc schedule. For example: Assume that "P" made $90 in January 1915 at his piece-work. At the hourly rate be mould have earned only |72.90 and his hourly rate must therefore be increased 41 percent to 49|- cents'. If in 1918 he has attained sufficient skill to earn $100 on the same piece-work schedule, he will be entitled, under this Commission's award to receive, nevertheless 145^ per hour for each hour of straight time worked, and for each hour of over- time Zl^ additional (time and one-half for overtime). 128 J$EPORT OF The £ailroad Wage Commission Assume tbat in the four months, Jazmary 1 to ^rll 30, "F" has worload 832 hours straight time, and 104 hours overtime, and has, at his pieos-worls: schednls earned $400. He mil he en- titled, nevertheless, to receive as baok pay, the following amount: 832 hours at 14^ per hour, |120.64 104 hours at ZX^ per hour, 22.62 $143.26 But if in January, 1918, the basic hourly rate had been increased to 50 cents, and this increase had been correspondingly e^rsssed in his pieoe-worlc schedule, he would be entitled to no bade pay. If on the other hand, the hourly rate had been increased from 35 in 1915 to 45 in 1918, and this increase had been expressed in a corresponding increase in the pieoe-worlc schedule, then "F" would be entitled to receive back pay at A^ cents per hour for straight time and 6f cents per hour overtime. If the practice in the shop, however, had been to pay pro rata for overtime, then the rate for such overtime since January 1, 1918, would be pro rata at 4^ cents, or 14|- cents per hour, accord- ing to whether piece rates had been or had not been increased. Erample from Pay Roll, Showing ^plication of Commission's Bates. PIEOE-TOBg 5. Machinist 1915 rate 38|^ which at Commission's rate for 8 hours per day entitled him to 54.50{< per hour. His basic rate had by 1916 been raised \Z^ to 42.5^ per hour. Fieoe-work rates had not been raised in the interval. 129 Pepo/ST or Th£ ^/iiL/eo/jD W/iaE Com/^,i.SS/oa/ This man earned in 208 hours flOO. He is entitled to a raise of \S4. per hour. \Zi Z 208 one month 24.96 four months 97.84. 130 Pepoer or The £/i/l/so/!o W/ige Cowryiiss/oAf APPEKPIZ VI APPLICATIOK OF IITOEEASES TO EMPLOYEES IN THE T2AIH AHD ENGINE SEH71CE. In tie bo ay of the report It is stated that a plan has been devised for translating the Increases ajiplied to em- ployees generally into ndleage rates aa applicable to employees in the train and engine servioe of the railroad. The plan may be simply stated as follows: There are nine classes of train and engine eiqployees in the I. C. C?s Classification. We have ooisputed the average monthly earnings of each of these classes for the fiscal year 1915. We have applied to the mileage rates paid to these classes in 1915i the sana rate per cent which we award to those other employees whose monthly straight time wages equal that average. These percentages are included in the table of in- creases found at page 20 and following, in the main body of the report. This process is more clearly disclosed by the follow- ing table: Average Bate % Monthly Increase in Ea rnings 1915. Mileage rates Eoad freigit engineers & Motornen 152.75 15|- Eoad Frei^t firemen and Helpers, 94.10 Z^ Eoad Freight conductors, 131.59 2o| Boad Freight Sabiemen and Flagmen 85.63 39|- 131 /5EPO/3T OF The 2ailqoad Wage Commission Boad Passenger Knglneers & Motormen 176.46 11'^ Hoad Passenger Firemen and Helpers 106.87 28s Eoad Passenger Conductors 153.57 15f- Road Passenger Baggagemen 87.03 3&i Hoad Passenger BraKemen & Plagnen 85.23 39f We have irorked out the actual application of this percent- age systemt and in the oonrputations appearing in the tables follow- ing, jiie rate for 1915 appears under the heading "Old" and the in- creased rates under the heading "Kew". By reference to this table it will bo seen that the rates for passenger engineers and motormen in 1915, ranging from $4.10 per 100 miles, to $7.00 per 100 miles, will be substituted by new rates ranging from $4.56 per 100 miles to $7.79 per 100 miles. This plan will apply to all onployees of the train and engine serrice vdio are paid on the mileage basis. There are some railroads in the nuited States upon wbioh men in the train and engine service are paid on a monthly wage. Such employees will be entitled to the increased rates named in ^pendix V. Bates for overtime as now in effect, shall be increased by the seme percentage as straight time rates. 132 Report of The 2ailqoad Wage Commission Tal)le Showing Increased Rates per 100 Mllee. Passenger Passenger Passenger Passenger Passenger EnKineers Flrenen Comiuctors Ba»;aeemen Trainmen Old New Old New Old Hew Old New Old Mew t4.10 $4.56 »1.91 $2.46 $2.50 12.89 #1.40 $1.94 $1.35 $1.88 4.15 4.62 2.25 2.90 2.60 3.00 1.45 2.00 1.43 1.99 4.20 4.67 2.33 3.00 2.68 3.10 1.49 2.06 1.46 2.04 4.E5 4.73 2.34 3.01 2.75 3.18 1.54 2.J3 1.47 2.05 4.30 4.78 2.40 3.09 2.90 3.35 1.61 2.24 1.49 2.08 4.35 4.84 2.42 3.12 3.47 4.01 1.65 2.28 1.50 2.09 4.40 4.90 2.45 3.15 1.70 2.35 1.55 2.16 4.45 4.95 2.50 3.22 c 2.00 2.77 1.60 2.23 4.50 5.01 2.51 3.23 1.87 2.61 4.53 5.04. 2.55 3.28 4.55 5.06 2.60 3.35 4.60 5.12 2.62 3.37 4.65 5.17 2.65 3.41 4.70 5.23 2.69 3.46 4.75 5.28 2.70 3.48 4.78 5.32 2.75 3.54 4.80 5.34 2.76 3.55 4.90 5.45 2.78 3.58 4.95 5.51 2.80 3.61 5.00 5.56 2.84 3.66 5.05 5.62 2.85 3.67 5.13 5.71 2.90 3.73 5.15 5.73 2.95 3.80 5.28 5.87 3.00 3.86 5.35 5.95 3.05 3.93 5.40 6.01 3.10 3.99 5.53 6.15 3.15 4.06 5.55 6.17 3.20 4.12 5.65 6.29 3.30 4.25 5.90 6.56 3.35 4.31 6.00 6.68 3.40 4.38 6.05 6.73 3.45 4.44 6.25 6.95 3.60 4.64 6.30 7.01 3.75 4.83 6.50 7.23 4.00 5.15 7.00 7.79 4.15 4.25 5.34 5.47 133 Pep 0/3T or The: /?^/l RO/ICi W/fGE COMMISS/O/V Table Showing Increaeed Rates per 100 Hlles. Freight Rreight Freight Freight Eliglneers . Firemen . Conductors. Brahemen and Flaemen. Old New Old New Old New Old New #4.25 14.91 $2.25 13.02 t2.31 12.78 $1.60 $2.23 4,50 5.20 2.36 3.17 2.90 3.49 1.89 2.64 4.70 5.43 2.45 3.29 3.46 4.17 1.93 2.69 4.75 5.49 2.47 3.32 3.63 4.37 2.14 2.99 4.80 5.54 2.50 3.36 3.85 4.64 2.25 3.14 4.85 5.60 2.56 3.44 3.90 4.70 2.33 3.25 4.86 5.61 2.59 3.48 3.975 4.79 2.40 3.35 4.87 5.62 2.60 3.49 4.00 4.82 2.42 3.38 4.88 5.64 2.70 3.62 4.10 4.94 2.48 3.46 4.89 5.65 2.75 3.69 4.13 4.98 2.60 3.63 4.90 5.66 2.78 3.73 4.165 5.02 2.62 3.65 4.96 5.72 2.81 3.77 4.18 5.04 2.65 3.70 4.97 5.74 , 2.85 3.83 4.24 5.11 2.67 3.72 5.00 5.78 2.87 3.85 4.25 5.12 2.70 3.77 5.05 5.83 2.90 3.89 4.27 5.15 2.72 3.79 5.06 5.84 2.93 3.93 4.38 5.28 2.75 3.84 5.10 5.89 2.95 3.96 4.40 5.30 2.78 3.88 5.13 5.93 3.00 4.03 4.42 5.33 2.80 3.91 5.145 5.95 3.01 4.04 4.43 5.34 2.82 3.93 5.15 5.95 3.03 4.07 4.48 5.40 2.83 3.95 5.17 5.97 3.04 4.08 4.50 5.42 2.85 3.98 5.20 6.01 3.05 4.09 4.51 5.43 2.68 4.02 5.25 6.06 3.07 4.12 4.52 5.45 2.95 4.12 5.28 6.10 3.10 4.16 4.53 5.46 2.98 4.16 5.30 6.12 3.13 4.20 4.54 5.47 2.99 4.17 5.33 6.16 3.15 4.23 4.55 5.48 • 3.00 4.19 5.35 6.18 3.16 4.24 4.63 5.58 3.02 4.21 5.39 6.23 3.19 4.28 4.64 5.59 3.10 4.32 5.40 6.24 3.20 4.30 4.66 5.62 3.13 4.37 5.43 6.27 3.22 4.32 4.74 5.71 3.14 4.38 5.45 6.29 3.23 4.34 4.77 5.75 3.15 4.39 5.50 6.35 3.245 4.355 4.80 5.78 3.20 4.46 5.55 6.41 3.25 4.36 4.83 5.82 3.21 4.48 5.555 6.415 3.30 4.43 4.84 5.83 3.25 4.53 5.60 6.47 3.35 4.50 4.86 5.86 3.29 4.59 134 JSeport or The £ailroad Wage Commission Table Showing Increased Rates per 100 Miles. Freight Brakenen Freight Frei^t Freight and Engineers . Firemen Conductors . Flagmen . Old New Old New Old New Old New ♦5.61 116.48 $3.40 *4.56 «4.87 *5.37 1^3.33 14.65 5.65 6.53 3.45 4.63 4.88 5.88 3.41 4,76 5.665 6,545 3.465 4.65 4,96 5.98 3.46 4.83 5.70 6.58 3.50 4,70 5,04 6.07 3.48 4,85 5.75 6.64 3.55 4,77 5.08 6.12 3.60 5.02 5.63 6.73 3.57 4,79 5.10 6.15 3.62 5,05 5.85 6.76 3.60 4.83 5.14 6.19 3.66 5,11 5.90 6.81 3.63 4,87 5.21 6.28 3.707 5.17 5.95 6.87 3.65 4,90 5.67 6.83 3.71 5,18 5.995 6.925 3.70 4,97 5.69 6.66 3.93 5,48 6.00 6.93 3.75 5,03 6,12 7.37 4.24 5,91 6.10 7,05 3.80 5.10 6.45 7.77 4.26 5,94 6.25 7.22 3.90 5,24 7.09 8.54 4.62 6.44 6.50 7,51 3.905 5.245 4.96 6.92 6.75 7.80 3.95 5.30 5,37 7.49 6.60 7.85 4.00 5,37 6.85 7.91 4.05 5,44 6.90 7.97 4.10 5,50 6.95 8.03 4,125 5,535 7.00 8.09 4.18 5.61 7.25 6.37 4,25 4.30 4.50 4.55 5.71 5.77 6.04 6.11 If there were mileage rates m effect in 1915 ^nhich are not included in the above tables, they shall be increased in accordance with the x>ercentages contained in the tables in the Tnaln body of the reporti pages 20 to 27 inclusive. 135 Report of The Railhoad Wage Commission II.U)STRATI011 OF METHOD Of APPLTIHQ INCREASES TO EMPLO'TOES PAID ON A MIIMIg: BASIS Engineer "G" received $4.25 per hundred miles In ten hours in 1915. According to the CommlSBlon's plan, although in 1918 this rate was $4.35 per hundred miles In 8 hours, the rate will he in- creased 11^ per cent to $4.73 per 100 miles (4.7281 equalized as $4.73). He will he entitled to hack pay for every 100 miles run at the rate of 46 cents per 100 miles. If the schedules provide for time and one-half for overtime or any other rate in excess of the straight time rate, then he shall he entitled to receive a propor- tionate increase of pay for overtime mileage. Tor example, assume that "G" in 1918 worked under a sched- ule providing time and one-half for overtime, and made the follow- ing runs: Straight Time Overtime January 1400 900 February 1500 800 Ilarch 1200 1100 April 1800 500 5900 3300 His hack pay would he computed as follows; 5900 miles ® 48# $28.32 3300 " " 72/ 23.76 $52.08 If the schedules provide for pro rata payment for over- tine, hack pay will he computed on that hasis. Rates for future earnings will he as fixed hy the Com- 136 ££PoeT OF The £ailroad Wage Commission mission's schedule of Inoreasee to employees paid on the mileage basis. If any increase has been made in the mileage rates of em- ployees paid on that teeis in 1915 it will be understood that the per cent of increase allowed by this Commission is inclusive of such interim increases and that the new rate per 100 miles is com- puted from the base rates of 1915. Example from Payroll of Application of Commission* s Rates: Conductor through frei^t 2950 miles at 4^ at Commission rate would entitle him to 4.82^ or $142.19 He was paid lis. 00 Leaving to be paid $ 24.19 He made oveirtime of 26 h. and 10 m. which bears same proportionate in- crease as his mileage^ viz: frcm 40/ to 48.2/ per hour $12.61 was paid 10.45 8.16 1 mo. 26.35 4 mo. $105.40 187 JSepost of The 2a/lqo/id Wage Commission CN/I2T ILLUSTI5/ITING THE PEP CENT OF WHOLE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES OF£/IJLQOjqOS //OQKING JSESPECT/l/ELY 6 AND 7 D/tVS PEJ3 WEEK. (Based on a study of 26^,637 emphyees.) 6 d3i/ Workers \ ' \ 6^.25% Iday Workers ¥:MMim}i-miimiSSMMmi-imiiMiENSATION OF EMPLOYEES FOR THE YEARS I9I5J9I6, AND 1917 (expnaasED in centsJ 1 ELASTEHN DISTRICT SOUTHEHU DISTRICT IV£ST£KN D/Sr7?ICT i/M7TED ST/\TeS II 19/S 1316 1317 ISIS ISI6 1317 I9IS 1916 7SI7 19 IS 7976 7977 II / General officers. 3.00o o. a . and uptvards . Z77 222 219 Z30 lei 180 7^0 Z07 Z02 ZSZ zoa ZOS z General officers, be/otv *3.000 per annum. 7* 3 62 63 Z 73 9 56 9 54 9 <■> 6 S3 1 S3 7 69 a S6 8 S6 9 3 Di\^ision officers. ^3 000 p. a. and upwards 123 no IZO 110 108 91 114- lOZ 7 04. IZO 77Z 708 ■? Din's/en officers. beJory^3.000 per annum 52 9 51 S 54 48 2 45 4 46 3 S4 Z so 9 S3 7 SZ 3 SO Z SZ 7 S C/erks. *300 p.a. and upwards Cexcepf No.37) 4-4 7 4b 43 9 40 / 40 7 42 4 33 Z 4-1 4 -11 6 4-7 6 ■4Z a 42 8 6 Clerics, below *300p.a. (except- No. 37} 23 / Z4- 3 Zf 8 21 4 21 7 2Z B Zl 6 Z3 Z3 6 ZZ 4 23 s Z4. 7 7 Messengers and aflendanfs . IS 7 14 2 IS 3 IZ 6 II 2 12 7 14 9 75 16 S 74- 9 73 8 7S Z fl Assislsnl- enQineers and draftsmen. 42 4 36 1 37 7 ■H B 4Z 36 3 37 6 33 a 36 6 -U) ■t' 34 9 37 5 M. iV. & S. foremen Cexcludina Uos. 10 and 28) 32 S 34 3 35 7 30 9 30 7 29 2 33 9 33 7 36 3 3S 9 33 S 34 4 /O Section foremen. 25 4 2S 9 28 2 Zl Zl 9 20 3 ZZ 6 ZZ 9 25 4 23 3 23 7 ZS 3 II General foremen -ME. deparlmeni-. *3 45 5 48 9 ■43 2 40 8 40 4& 7 4-5 6 40 3 ■^2 9 44 a 43 ■^ li GanQ and other foremen - M. E. department. 33 4 34 8 39 2 36 7 37 2 24 5 36 9 36 7 39 34 7 3S a 36 2 13 Machinists. 36 2 31 9 43 / 40 7 4Z B 4S 7 4-Z 4 44 7 49 8 38 7 ■47 ■^ 3 14 Boiler makers. 35 a 37 9 4Z 7 40 2 42 5 49 a 4Z Z 44 3 48 7 38 6 ■40 9 ■4-6 7 15 Blacksmiths. 3S 9 37 a ■43 3 38 S 40 3 41 6 39 z 40 a 45 7 37 3 39 3 ■4-4 6 16 Masons and bricklayers 29 1 30 6 33 3 20 9 25 2 21 7 36 3- 40 z 34 1 27 9 37 s 3Z S n Structural ironworkers. 30 3 31 2 33 9 Z5 2 25 B 31 3 ■4C 1 38 9 41 9 32 7 32 7 3S a la Carpenters. 28 7 29 9 33 / Z5 1 26 ■? 30 1 Z7 9 Z3 2 3Z 4 Z7 e 29 32 z /a Painters and uoholsferers. 30 31 4 3S 2 ze 8 29 4 34 3 Z9 a 30 a 34 3 Z9 7 30 9 34 7 ?o Ele ctric/ans. ze 2 28 28 8 28 4 2B 4 2S 1 Z9 30 1 30 ■4- za s 28 8 za a 21 Air-brake men. as 7 27 6 31 7 27 3 2S 3 3S 6 za 3 30 a 33 Z 26 6 28 6 32 7 22 Car inspectors . 21 6 23 2 Z7 2 24 4 25 6 32 / Z6 ZS 7 30 6 Z3 2 24y 7 2a 9 23 Car repsirers . Z7 29 6 3S 7 25 9 ze 34 6 ZS 5 'Z7 z 31 S Z6 S za S 33 3 24 Other skilled laborers. SB / 30 7 3-4 6 26 9 29 1 34 Z9 ■4- 30 7 34 s za 3 30 S 34 s 25 Mechanics 'helpers and apprentices 23 6 24 6 29 19 2 20 24 3 Z3 z Z4- 4 2S 7 ZZ 6 23 3 28 3 se Section men. 16 7 IB 5 Zl 3 IZ J IZ 3 IS Z 14 7 16 Z 19 3 7S 76 4 79 3 27 Other unskilled laborers. IB r 20 6 24 1 IS 6 15 7 18 2 79 3 ZO ZZ a /a Z 79 4 22 ■^ 2a Foremen of const. Qanos and work trains. 27 s Z3 a 31 9 26 9 ZS 8 30 Z7 7 za Z 30 27 s Z8 3 SO 9 23 Other men in const, tjantys and work trains. n 6 IS 2 22 1 14 9 13 9 IS S 17 la 7 Z/ Z 76 a 78 7 ZO 6 30 Tra^elinq agents and solicitors. 53 / 52 / 54 S7 8 47 8 so 2 51- -(£■ 4a 3 S/ z S6 7 49 7 S7 9 31 Emplovees in outside aoencies. 35 B 34 6 32 4 33 3 34 9 Z7 4- ■4-a 4-9 7 ■4-0 z 39 7 ■40 6 ■33 9 32 Other traffic employees. 37 3 37 5 41 6 41 8 60 7 30 1 ■4-7 / 54 7 -14 8 42 3 -!W 38 9 33 Train dispatchers and directors. 50 9 S3 S se 9 SI 3 SI 6 S7 1 S6 6 sa 9 6& 3 S2 a SS 6 S3 Z 34 Telegraphers, telephoners, and block operators. 26 4 28 3 30 9 27 ZS 4 31 6 26 Z za 7 30 € Z6 -f- za Z SO 9 3S TeleQraphers and telephoners operatinii interleclrers. 29 30 e 33 3Z 7 30 3 32 7 Z3 5 Z6 z Z7 a ZS 7 so 2 32 3 36 Letrerinen (nontelegraphers). ZZ 7 Z3 6 Z6 ■4 17 Z 17 5 20 3 /9 9 ZO s 23 2/ 3 ZZ 24 S 37 Teletyrapher- clerks. 22 T 2-? 8 Z6 9 2f- 4 2S 6 27 6 ZS 3 ze za Z4 1 2S ■4 27 6 3S /loent - telegraphers. 2/ Z 22 6 Z't 5 22 3 Z4 1 27 4 Z3 Z3 s Z6 4 22 4 Z3 3 26 39 Station agents Cnonteleuraphers). 27 2 ze B 30 6 Zl Zl 1 22 ■4 Z& 3 Z7 2 23 a ZS 3 Z6 S 28 7 40 Station masters and assistants. 32 3 35 3 37 6 34 4 31 3 26 3 i9 7 32 / 30 a 30 6 S3 9 S3 3 41 Station seririce employees fexcept //os.S,6.37,3e,39.40i6t 19 5 Zl 4 23 6 14 3 14 9 11 7 79 z Z/ / 22 9 73 7 ' ZO 3 ZZ, 3 42 Yardmasters. 39 2 44 3 ■48 6 38 3 41 9 44 7 ■^Z s ■f-S 7 49 6 40 ■44 4- 48 ■4 43 Vardmaster's assistants Cnot i/ard c/erksj . 37 ■41 4 «■> 1 31 S 38 8 42 7 <*<3 3 -44 Z 4B 3 36 8 4-7 7 ■4S 44 Yard enoineers and motormen. 12 3 4Z 7 52 8 43 4- 44 5 S4- 5 ■4-2 6 44 2 S4 a 4-Z s 4-3 ■4 S3 7 4', Yard firemen and helpers. 26 7 27 I J-f Zf 1 ZS 3 31 S Z6 28 / 34 9 Z6 7 Z7 2 34- 46 Yard conductors Cor foremen) . 38 6 38 z 48 7 37 37 S 45 9 39 5 39 6 49 S3 6 38 S 4S 4- 47 Yard brakemen Cswitchmen or helpers). 36 S 35 6 43 a 31 1 31 6 37 7 36 36 5 45 34. 9 3S 3 43 4- 4fl Yard siv/tch tenders. la B 20 3 23 n 4 II 3 19 S 19 S /a ■4- 20 9 78 6 79 7 ZZ 3 49 Other s/ard emplai/ees. 16 8 16 5 18 8 15 9 13 S 14 4 17 / 75 a 17 9 /6 7 /S 7 77 7 SO Hostlers 24 S ZS 30 1 24 3 25 2 30 1 ZS / Z7 8 33 7 33 2 -35 3 3/ 7 SI Engineh o us e-m en . in ZO 1 23 5 IS 5 IS 6 18 2 1/ 9 la 7 21 S 77 6 78 S 27 a 52 Goad freioht engineers and motormen. SS 55 2 64 1 C6 8 66 / 73 62 6 €6 a 74 2 S9 a 67 69 7 •\^ Road freioht firemen and helpers. 36 9 36 / 42 5 38 1 38 4Z 1 ■^0 ■43 7 4^ 6 38 & ■48 ■4-^ 7 S4 Road freioht conductors. 4-7 6 4-5 9 S3 4- 62 2 SI 3 56 4 51 9 54 4 S9 9 4-9 a SO SS 4. 55 aoad freioht brakemen and flagmen. 32 7 31 7 37 32 3 31 ■4 34 B 35 9 37 Z ■4-1 3 33 6 S3 S 3a 7 S6 Road passenoer enpineers and motormen. 75 e 79 / 82 97 -f 9e 9 t>-4 Bb 4- lO/ 7 702 7 82 ■^ 89 9 97 6 57 l?oad passenoer firemen and helpers. 41 49 3 51 52 5 SI 3 S3 55 1 66 ■4- 66 4 SO 6 S6 S7 .58 Pn^d passenoer conductors. 64 67 3 70 8 68 8 70 2 70 a 70 5 75 7 78 4 66 9 77 73 8 59 /Soad passenger baggagemen. 3ti 1 33 9 41 4-0 8 ■41 9 4-3 Z7 Z 39 S ■40 3 36 4- ■40 Z ■4-7 2 60 I^oad passenger brakemen and flagrnen. 33 1 4-0 4Z 3 33 9 36 38 9 38 3 ■41 4- 42 S 38 ' 40 7 4^2 7 61 Other road train emplovees. 2b s 33 6 35 9 29 1 Zl Z 21 3 31 1 30 7 33 6 29 1 28 6 30 Z 6? Crossiha flagmen and gatemen. II 6 12 2 IS 5 10 ■4 10 1 4 II 6 /Z Z 74 7 // S 7Z 74. 63 Drawbridge operators. 17 5 IB 6 13 1 IZ a 13 4- 10 la 7 78 z 77 9 /e a 77 3 77 -St fi4 Floating eguipment emplovees. 21 ^ 22 9 24 a la 6 IS 22 2 ZZ Z Z3 9 3Z 4- 27 ■^ 23 7 ZS 8 M Express service emplovees. IB 6 za z lU y 9 3 a / 17 8 77 6 9 6 7 2 m Policemen and watchmen. IV 21 y 24 7 16 2 16 /a 6 Zl e Z3 ZS Z 79 7 27 ■4 Z,4- ei Other transportation emplovees. 10 9 ZO 1 13 18 4 21 4 13 9 19 5 Zl Z Z3 3 ZO 3 20 7 2/ 7 fifi /Ill other employees. 20 2 19 a Zl lb 3 II 5 II 4 19 7 17 3 79 7 79 4 78 a /f} 7 142 2£f>o/3r OF The £/i/Leo/io W/ige Co/yt/viiss/oN JUFPENDIX DC SOORCES or lOTOaiATION The following list of liailroads comprises those whose statistics fumlsheA to this Coomlsslon have been employed in compiling the data concemijig: A - The msaber of persons enplogred in December, 1917, groTved according to monthly rates of wages. B > The average number of persons eii^lojred and their earnings for the year ended December 31, 1917, grouped by the oeov^atloaal classes establlehed by the Interstate Commerce CoDmisslon. Betams from all railroads in the list, except those marked #, were Incliided in the compilation to ascer- tain the information covered by Paragraph A. Betoms from all railroads in the list, except those preceded by an asterisk (♦) , were included in the conpllation to ascertain the Information embraced la Paragrs^h B. Certain railroads (not included in either list) reported too late to be Included in these compilations. 143 Gepoist of The Bailroad Wage Commission SASTEBN TEBH.ITORY kcsck Arbor Bailroad. Compaxiy Atlantic City Bailroad Co Atlantic & St. Lawrence Ba'Uroad Co Baltimore & Ohio Ballroad Baltimore & Ohio Chicago Terminal Boston & Maine Ballroad Belt Hallway Co. of Chicago Baltimore, Chesapeaks cS: Atlantic By Co Buffalo & Susquehanna Ballroad Coip Bessemer & Lake Erie Ballroad Co Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg By Co Bangor & Aroostook Ballroad Co Cincinnati, Indiana. & Western Ballroad Co Chicago, Terre Haute & Southeastern BB Co Chicago Junction Ballroad Co Chicago & Western Indiana Ballroad Co Cumberland Valley Ballroad Co Central Vermont Hallway Co Central New England Ballway Co Chicago, Indianapolis & Louisville By Co Chicago, Detroit & Canadian G.T. Jol. BB Co Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St .Louis By Co Central Ballroad Company of New Jersey Chicago & Eastern Illinois Ballroad Co Cincinnati Northern Ballroad Co Canadian Pacific Ballroad Ct Detroit, Toledo & Ironton Ballroad Co Detroit & Mackinac Ballway Co Detroit & Toledo Shore Line Ballroad Co Detroit, Grrand H&ven & Milwaukee BB Co Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic By Co Delaware, Lackawanna & Western BB Co Delaware & Hudson Compaay Elgin Jollet & Eastern Ballway Co Erie Ballroad Grand Tinink Western Ballway Co Grand Baplds & ^dlana Ballway Backing Valley Ballway Co Indiana Harbor Belt Ballroad Co Illinois Central Ballroad Co North of Ohio Kanawha & Michigan Ballway Co Lake Erie & Western Ballroeid Co Lehigh & New England Ballroad Co Lehigh & Hudson Blver Ballway Co 144 G£PO/sr or The B/i/lro/io W/Ige Commi3s/oA/ EASTERN TERBITORY (cont ) Long Island Ballroad Co Lehigh Valley Ballroad Co Maine Central Ballroad Co Monongahela Connecting Ballroad Co •Maryland, Delaware 4 Virginia By Co Monongahela Railway Co Mineral Bange Ballroad Co Michigan Central Ballroad Co New York, Philadelphia & Norfolk BE Co New York, ^sq^oehanna & Western Ballroad Co New York, Ontario & Western Railway Co New York Central Railroad Co New York, New Baven & Hartford BR Co New York, Chicago & St. Louie Rallroeui Co Peoria & Pekin liilon Bailway Co Pittsb\irgh & Shawrniut Railroad Co Pittshurgh Shawmut & Northern Ballroad Co Port Beading Railroad Co Plttshuxg^ & West Virginia Railroad Co Pennsylvania Lines West Pennsylvania Ballroad Co Philadelphia & Reading Railway Co Pittsburg & Lake Erie Railroad Co Pere Marq.\iette Railway Co Rutland Railroad Co Staten Islamd Rapid Transit Railway Co Sidell & Olney Railroad Co Toledo St. Louis & Western Railroad Co Toledo & Ohio Central Railway Co Union Railroad Co Ulster & Delaware Railroad Co Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad Co Western Maryland Railroad Co Wabash Railway Co SOUTHERN TE3ffiIT0HY Atlantic Coast Line Ballroad Alabama Great Southern Railroad Atlanta, Birmingham & Atlantic Railway Alabama & Vloksburg Railway Atlanta 4 West Point Railroad Co 145 JSeport of The Railroad Wage Commission SOTlTHEm TEHBITORY (Cont) Elnalngham Southern Bail road Co Chesapeake & Ohio Lines Central of Georgia Ballwajr Co Cinoinnati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific By Carolina, Clinchfleld & Ohio Hallway Charleston & Wegtem Carolina milway Coal & Coke Railway Florida East Coast Hallway Georgia Bailroad Georgia Southern & Florida Hallway Gulf, Mobile St. Northern Eallroad Gulf & Ship Island Railroad Illinois Central (So. Ohio River) Louisville & Nashville Hallroad Louisville, Henderson & St. Louis Railway Mobile & Ohio Hallroad Norfolk & Western Railway Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway Norfolk Southern Hallroad New Orleans & Northeastern Eallroad New Orleans Great Northern Railroad Eichniond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad Southern Railway Seaboard Air Line Southern Railway Co In Mississippi Tennessee Central Hallroad Virginian Railway Western Hallway of Alabama Washington Southern Railway Co Tazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad WESTERN TEHRITOBY Arizona Eastern Railroad Co Arlaona & New Mexico Railway Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Co Bingham & Garfield Railway Co Chicago & Northwestern Hallway Co Chicago & Alton Hallroad Co Chicago, Milwaukee & St. PavIBailway Co Chicago, Burlington & C^uinoy Eallroad Co Chicago, Hock Island & Pacific Hallway Co Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha RE 146 Pepoer or Th£ I?/ijliso/id yV/tOE Com/viissioN WESIEHN TEBBITOSY (Contl Chicago Great Western Railroad Co Chicago Peoria & St. Louia Railroad Co Chicago, Rock Island & Gulf Railroad Colorado & Southern Railroad Co Colorado & Vjyoming Railroad Co Colorado Midland Railroad Coiqpaiiy • Copper River & Northwestern Railroad Co Cripple Greet & Colorado Springs Railroad Denver & Salt Lake Railroad Co Duluth, Uissabe & Northern Railroad Duluth Winnipeg & Pacific Railway Co JJulUth & Iron Range Railroad Co Senver & Rio Grande Railroad Co £1 Paso & Southwestern System • Port Worth & Hio Grande (In Frisco System) Port Worth & Denver City Railway Co Galveston Harrisburg & San Aatonio Ry Co • Grand Canyon Railway Co (in Santa Pe System) Great Northern Railway Galveston Wharf Company Houston & Tezas Central Railroad Co Houston East & West Tezas Railway Co International & Great Northern Railway Co JCansas City Southern Railway Co Kansas City Mexico & Orient Railroaui Co Kansas City Mexico & Orient Railroad of Tezas Kansas City Terminal Railway Co • Lake Charles & Northern Railway Co Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad Louisiana & Arkansas Railway Co Louisiana Railway & Navigation Oosipany Midland 7alley Railroad Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sanlt Ste. Marie Ry Minneapolis & St. Louis Railroad Missouri Pacific Railroad Missouri Kansas & Tezas Railroad Missouri Kansas & Texas of Texas Missouri St. Louis & Texas, & Steamship Co Missouri & North Arkansas Railroad Co Missouri Oklahoma & Qulf Railway Morgan's Louisiana & Texa^ Railroad & SS Co Nevada Northern Railway Co New Orleans Texas & Mexico Railway Northwestern Piu;ific Railroad Northern Pacific Railway 147 Bepobt of The Railroad Wage Commission WESTERM TERRITORY (Oont) #OaQiu Kailwajr & Land Company St. Louis, San Francisco & Texas By. St. Louis, Brownsville & Mexico Bailway St. Louis - San Francisco Railway St. Louis Southwestern Eailway Southern Pacific Company san Antonio & Aransas Pass Bailway Co. Spotane, Portland & Seattle Hallway Co. Spokane cSfe Inland Eiagpire Eailroad Co. Spokane International ^. St. Louis Merchants Bridge Terminal St. Louis & Southwestern of Texas (in St.L.ft S.W.Sys) St. Joseph & Qrand Island Bailway Texas & Paoiiio Railway Texas & Kew Orleans Sailroad Co. Texarkana & 7t. Smith By. Toledo, Peoria & Western By. Trinity & Brazos Valley Bailway Terminal Bailway Association of St. Louis Union Paoifie System Vioksburg, Shraveport & Pacific Eailway Co. #Western Allegheny Bailroad Western Pacific Bailroad Co. Wioliita palls & northwestern Bailway Co. Wichita Valley Bailway Co. 148 JSeport or The ISailisoad Wage Commission APPEHJIZ X Sleeping Car Oong>aiiles Statistics oonoeming the rates of wages and conditions of emplo^ent of employees of The Pollman Companjr were procured by the Commission, but it was not found feasible to combine them with those of the roads. Ihe statistics are here presented as an indication of the effect which the Coninission's plan of increases may have upon that coinpany and its employees. 149 eepoer or The Jd/i/L/SO/ip YV/Ige Co/>i/w/ss/o/v STATEMENT SHOWING NUMBER OF ALL EMPLOYES OF THE PULLMAN COMPANT - OPERATINO DEPARTMENT EARNING SALARIES AS SHOWN BELOW Earning Deo. i of Cumula- Dec. i of Ctunula^ 1915 total. tiV9 $ 1917 total tive i> $30.00 or lass 3,745 19.853 19.853 3,985 19.886 19.336 30.01 to 35.00 955 5.134 24.987 1,049 5.235 25,121 35.01 to 40.00 1,032 5,474 30.461 1,292 6.447 31.568 40.01 to 45.00 2,047 10.857 41.313 1,000 4,990 36.558 45.01 to 50.00 I,. 154 6^121 47.439 741 3.693 40.256 50.01 to 55.00 1,250 6.630 54.059 559 3,790 43 .046 55.01 to 50.00 1,668 8. 847 62.916 675 3.368 46 .414 60.01 to S5.00 745 3.951 55 .857 837 4,177 50.591 55.01 to 70.00 591 3.135 70.002 1,721 8.588 59.179 70.01 to 75.00 543 3.421 73 .423 519 3.089 62.263 75.01 to 80.00 655 3.474 75.897 1,681 3.339 70.657 80.01 to 85.00 1,227 5.508 83 .405 811 4.047 74.704 85.01 to 90.00 1,205 5.391 89.796 725 3,623 73.327 90.01 to 95.00 950 5.092 94 .838 944 4,711 33.038 95,01 " 100 J30 A03 3.137 97 .025 952 4.751 87.789 100.01 ■ 110.00 277 1.469 98.494 1,365 6.312 94.601 110.01 " 120.00 60 .318 98.812 633 3.403 98.009 130.01 " 130.00 95 .504 99.316 147 .734 98.743 130.01 " 140.00 32 .170 99.436 75 .379 99.132 140.01 " 130.00 25 .133 99.619 59 .344 99.456 150.01 " 150.00 1 .005 99.524 11 .055' 99.521 150.01 • 170.00 8 .042 59.656 26 .129 99.650 170.01 " 180.00 17 .090 99.755 10 .050 i 99 .700 130.01 " 190.00 1 .005 99.761 5 .025 99 .725 190.01 " 200.00 22 .117 99.878 11 .055 99.730 200.01 " 210.00 3 .016 99.394 10 .050 99.830 210.01 " 220.00 1 .005 99.899 1 .005 99.835 230.01 " 230.00 12 .054 99.963 14 .070 99,905 2 30.01 " 240.00 — 99.963 2 .010 99 .915 240.01 " 250.00 7 .037 lOO.OOQ 17 .035 100.000 166 :ng| STATEMENT SHOWINGX 31ST 1915 AND 1917 1 \ 19 17 # 1 General Officers $£ Amount Average Per Month $ 429,100.00 $ 812.69 2 General Officers 'bi 15.400.00 213.89 3 Dlvl si on Off! uers | 97,388.21 282.78 4 Division Officers hi 185,634.80 158.99 5 Clerks $900 p. a. on' 1,230. 181. 44 108.16 6 Clerks 'below $900 jt 300,024.54 58.18 7 Messengers and Atti 25,273.67 40.66 1 20 Electricians 297,069.46 80.98 22 Car Inspectors 113,692.50 126.16 23 Car Repairers 540,115.97 71.15 27 Other Unskilled lata 563,318.98 62.15 69 Car Cleaners 2,613,317.26 58.79 70 Conductors i 3,214,357.47 112.93 71 Porters and Maids 3,602.703.71 39.92 72 Barters j 24,962.02 69.34 STAIEMEMT STOWING CUsJth OF DECEIffiER 1915 AWD 1917. ■ ) C E M'b E R 19 17 k.. Averege Amount Average Classification b No. of Men Earned Earnings S.Clarks $900,00 p.a.and u 21.60 $ 2,118.03 $ 98.06 6. " below $900.00 p.a. 14.26 805". 61 56.49 7. Messengers * Attendants 3.26 128.08 39.29 8. Asst. Engineers and Draft 11 .General Foremen 1.91 480.00 251.31 12. Gang and Other Foremen 45.86 5,058.44 110.30 13, Machinists 41.65 3,454.67 J2.92 15. Blacksmiths 7.85 815.19 103.85 IS.Carpenters 23.60 1,932.19 81.87 19. Painters & Upholsterers : 187.18 18,234.25 97.42 20. Electricians 48.15 5,376.85 109.59 21. Air-brake men 5.52 501.83 90.91 22,Car Inspectors 6.51 686.23 10,5.41 23.Car Repairers 299.99 28,184.30 93.95 24. Other Skilled Laborers 37.70 3,042.85 80.71 25. Mechanics Helpers, etc. 103.20 7,245.47 70.21 27. Other Unskilled Laborers 165,98 10,961.72 66.04 6 5. Pol icemen A Watchmen — _ j- 6.51 520.68 79.98 /2 1030.75 $89,446.39 $ 87.63 No. 23 Includes Truck &. Platlsrs A Plumbers, Brass Finishers, Glass. For arriving at the average rking hours. The Shop working hours for December, 1915 were 230'3 obtain a correct comparison the same number of hours (230 1 ^fJ-nM & STATEMENT SHOWING CLA MONTH OF DECEMBER 1915 AMD 1917. CLASSIFICATIOpEMBER 1917 irk- irs 5. Clerks $900.00 p. a. & u] 6, " below $900.00 p.i 7,Messengers and Attendeir S.Ass't Engineers * Draft 11. General Foremen 12. Gang and other Foremen 13. Machinists 15 .Blacksmiths 18. Carpenters 19 .Painters & Upholsterers 20.Electricians 21. Air Brake Men 22. Car Inspectors 23. Car Popairers 24 .Other skilled Laborers 25 .Mechanics helpers, etc. 27.pther unskilled Laborer 66. Pol icemen and Watchmen Average No .of Men 22.74 7.51 4.09 .94 1.88 43.61 29.33 4.40 5.16 131.51 38.16 2.18 209.72 12.27 29 .12 8d.84 S.19 Amount Earned $2,106.92 513.75 171.68 90.00 525.00 5,312.82 2,584.63 512.67 411.41 12,975.22 3,053.39 199.50 19,689.88 1,052.59 2,144.23 6,058.99 315.00 Average Earnings 631.65 $ 92.65 68.41 41.98 95.74 279.86 121.83 88.12 116.52 79.73 98.66 80.02 91,. 51 93.89 85.79 73.63 72.27 60.69 57,717.68 91.38 No .23 Includes Truck & Plai's * Plunbers, Brass Finishers A Glass For arriving iat th,e hours for December 1915 we the same number of hours (< working hours. The Shop working r to obtain a correct comparison :'P NUMBER #CEMBER 1917, BOTH INCLUSIVE 3 t. L u 1 s L u a 1 w taber of jployees Average Per Day Number of Empl oyee s Ave rage Per Day January February March April May ' 1916 II II IT 3&7 364 366 367 : 367 $ 2.8£ 2.8£ 2.78 2.89 2.90 128 134 136 137 135 i $ 2.S2 2.81 2.75 2.91 2.89 June July August September Octo ber II M II 11 tl - 366 , 276 ; 354 ; 359 360 2.91 3.00 2.91 2.94 2.91 137 131 136 124 136 2.87 2.94 2.85 2.92 2.87 Uov ember December January February March 11 n 1917 II n 1 363 i 371 366 372 366 2.93 2.86 2.94 2.94 2.96 141 140 129 139 139 2.87 2.87 2.91 2.94 2,87 April May June July Augus t 11 II n II n 366 366 365 364 357 3.00 2.98 3.10 3.16 3.14 142 143 145 142 143 2.93 2.99 3,10 3,11 S.05 September October Hovemb er December II II II 363 365 373 358 3.25 3.24 3.29 3.25 145 149 150 150 3.13 3.07 3.18 3.27 In 2 Years - Inc Duri ng Year 191 42(^ 45 {/ 36/ 1 FOR p EmploTes Average Earnings Monthly Shops tjtal Avg. Average Calumet [3887 741 $ 915.49 $ 76.29 Buffalo 5469 539 860.45 71.70 Wilmington j5C35 503 793.37 66.11 Richmond I860 405 912.24 76.02 St. Louis )618 301 859.63 71.64 Ludlow i371 114 856.44 71.37 L240 2603 871.27 72.61 NG Bomjs) 3 Employes Average Earnings Monthly Shops 3tal Avg. Average Caluiret Buffalo Wilmington Richaond St. Louis Ludlow 2985 3282 3768 5105 t381 .717 1082 774 731 425 365 143 1,022.20 1,020.61 962.42 1,047.02 954.62 935.23 85.18 85.05 80.20 87.25 79.55 77.94 i238 3520 1,001.89 83.50 1 "O a> a • 88888 ■ o ^ij ' ^ iH CO CO 00 S c » in m ^ -vt <*) o o o o o « E- e o q o q o >- ^ o > »o q t; ca t- o -It ^j uj -^ -KT *•* ^88888 /•••••• a CM o> r: r:8Ss|8§§88 .^j. i-t r-i 00 in o >n > m -^ '^ ■^ m > Q O O O O > o o o o o • ••••» > o t^ «a» o» ^J» ■J lO ■* >* to aj 3 O O O O O 3 O O O OO • ••••• n a> to c<3 00 (Q !• •* -^ ■* oooooo o « ■«*•••••• ■ m, jgoujcaomoio iH D a .,: m bO (4 „ •* o «, fl < -a o : -1^ » o 4J nt a> . to •H +> ♦» (B •] <0 (D labiiDhr-lT^Ttat O O -H O 10 _ o. . o, p. (. i-i fl in •O -4 i fi 3 V. • o >^ -^^ fl a •« ~ wool'' < o e -p ia,+» 4* •»» H <» " ■ r ■H 01 (U ^ > -ri (A (t (. , a tt a 4> o P-u rac': 1 o CO o B s CO a. I. o o O VI • U) O bO S C 13 3 O O O TJ a -t* o D I ■H VI O o a a u o m ID o X J3 -O bfl B 6>- o l> bp a » O js ft-H -t^ +» a 8§g • o in i K -M- a -H ra n -rt •M ■» JC O Vi o O 43 «■♦»■»» o -g o o .o B VI iH _, o Oj O "O VI a o •> >. al ct t. (. ^ o % o o > o ■♦» A 4> £ O n 4j g o n -a <9 't' O S > So o •« o ^ -H K d <* -H A o. 10 u ^ IS d IB o o Pi d ti ^ iri O Vl -f* +> o " a t- 4) TJ n 1-1 -rH 10 o^ 01 d -P i-l J3 p, d +» O TJ d o h u d ;R o v A «> VI n +* ?^J w tl (> (D o J5 -^> ■» o >. I-. u d o o a ■p bO e Vl •H 4> +» > S " O • © ,C S O n r-H -P Q) a -p ^ o c c +* o ^ ID (D C d S u 3 +^ l4 C ■» M -rt +» VI O 0) -ri ^ X O ^ •*» 10 TJ «> bo e d «> Vi o •n (l> 0) d t4 w 1^ IB •»» d -H o g" BOO OS* o iH C V. o o ^ ID O u ro o -f» ID Vl C >> ID o o u •§ P,i-1 O Pi** a *H a S) t~ « o ^ f-l V. •♦» fl 41 O^ 0> O ^ O ri X V C Ct •H +> -H O TJ > Vl O > -H -H Vl d Vl -H o ID O ID O iH > m >< A ID 73 d ■P T) fl Vl ID Vl d P d J3 T) d _ u -H B o B o d -rt Vl Vl U t> ID ID O It (D T> te * Vi e- o o m o« 4^ .ri hOi-l a , B O «4 Vl D ^ ^ d s bO B fl u en ^ Vl o d ID « d >. o a o T» o m d V. d iH d a Vl K o c • d Vl o >. B +» o d ■H .C Vl o fl P.T4 p J3 V. ^J Ai-H d^ ^ «> « a B V. o o in Vl d Vl V ID VI o. Cornell University Library HD4966.R12U4 1918 Report of the Railroad Wage Commission t 3 1924 001 264 039