CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THE GEORGE LINCOLN BURR BOOK FUND Established in 1931 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924009046073 (_'ATI1EDKAL UF THE SACKED HEART, NE\\'ARK. Wot CatI)olic CfturcJ m JOSEPH M. FLYNN, M. R., V. F. Rector of the Church of the Assumption of the B. V. M., Morristown,, N. J. 8ET0NHALL OOLLEdE LIBIARf WW%. \ 11 . 'IP' MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY f,V\ ; MDCCCCIF '" (' 1 -. ^ ■ ■ li Copyright, 1904 By JOSEPH M. FLYNN, M. R., V. F. PRESS OF THE PUBUSHERS' PRINTING CO. 32 AND 34 LAFAYETTE PLACE NEW YORK OUR FOREFATHERS IN THE FAITH— "The Dumbly Brave who did their Deed, and Scorned to Blot it with a Name" AND TO THEIR Successors, in Garnering the Harvest and Reaping where they have Sown j and to their Children reflecting all the Virtues of their Forefathers — Guarding well the Sacred Deposit of Faith — Illustrious by Righteousness and Good Works, t\)\0 tiolume ijtf MOST LOVINGLY DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. In presenting to the Catholics this chronicle of the planting and developing of the seed of Catholic faith in the State of New Jersey by their forefathers, most of whom have long since slept in the Lord and passed to the reward of their sacrifices and their constancy, I would apologize for the imperfections of this volume, which, owing to the short time allotted for its completion, were inevitable. It is lamentable that this work was not undertaken at an earlier date, when the facts might have been gathered from the lips of the actors and witnesses of this mighty and heroic struggle, and entrusted to an abler pen than mine. But the project was a flash which the approaching Golden Jubilee created, and the hope was cherished that this volume might appear on the anniversary of the instalment of our first bishop. There is a limit, however, to human efforts, and to gather all the facts connected with the progress of religion in our State from the close of the seventeenth century to the present, to cull the authentic from the fabulous, to verify apparently conflicting statements, and embody the whole into the present work, has required the constant, unremit- ting efforts and labor of the author for the last three months. Propria motii he would have shrunk from the task, as he did when asked by the late Archbishop Corrigan to write the history of the Diocese of Newark. Yielding at length to the solicitation of es- teemed brethren in the. priesthood, and unaware of the magnitude of the work, which grew on his hands day by day, at last he is able to present it to a kind and, he hopes, an indulgent public, who, in the full light of the above facts, will overlook any remiss- ness or shortcoming in its pages. Not the last in his encourage- ment to take up this work, nor the least in his efforts to assist by every means in his power to make a complete and finished record, iv PREFACE. was our worthy bishop, the Rt. Rev. John J. O'Connor, D.D., who was kind enough to write the following letter : Bishop's House, 552 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, N. J. September 12th, 1903. Very Rev. dear Dean Flynn: I most cordially approve of your undertaking to write a his- tory of Catholicity in the State of New Jersey for the Golden Jubilee of the Diocese of Newark which we are preparing to cele- brate, and I beg the rectors of the various churches and the su- periors of the different religious communities to supply you with all the information which you may desire from them, in order that this history may be as complete as possible. Believe me Very sincerely yours in Christ, ♦ John J. O'Connor. To this an almost general and immediate response was made, nor only by the priests of the diocese of Newark, but by a great number of the priests of the diocese of Trenton. It was deemed only fair to incorporate the history sent by them, as nearly as pos- sible, verbatim, both as a recognition of the labor involved, and at the same time shifting upon them the responsibility of the details. Furthermore, the varied style adds an additional charm to the nar- rative. But to none are we more obligated than to the venerable Bishop of Rochester, nor will the pleasant memory soon pass away of the delightful evenings spent in his rural home, amid his vines, with the forest at our feet, dipping down to the placid crystal waters of Hemlock Lake, and the melody of his voice ringing in our ears, as his marvellous memory recalled events and faces and facts of fifty years agone. Most of the early history is his nar- rative, and for many of the facts of the last score of years does he stand sponsor. To Mr. Stephen H. Horgan are we indebted for the admirable illustrations, many of which would have been unat- tainable without him. With reluctance, where all have been so kind and so painstaking, do I single out as specially deserving of my grateful recognition the Rev. Charles J. Kelly, D.D., who PREFACE. V not only supplied me with valuable sources of information, but assisted me greatly in the onerous and responsible work of proof- reading, and the composition of the index ; to the Rev. George W. Corrigan, M.R., who placed at my disposal his collection of memorabilia ; also to the Rev. Joseph C. Dunn, and the Rev. Patrick J. Hayes, the Secretary of the Archdiocese of New York, and the Very Rev. Dean Mulligan, M.R., for important docu- ments and generous aid. The cover, perhaps, requires some explanation : the seal in the upper left-hand corner is that of Archbishop Bay ley ; and that on the opposite right-hand corner, of Archbishop Corrigan ; the one in the lower left-hand corner is that of Bishop Wigger; and, in the lower right-hand corner, of Bishop O'Connor; all grouped around the seal of Seton Hall, which has been the one institution upon which all have lavished their tenderest care and solicitude. The seal on the reverse cover is that of the State of New Jersey. The cover, as well as the history, has been copyrighted. Great pains have been taken with the clergy list, which, never- theless, is incomplete ; but it is hoped in a second edition to fill the lacunae and correct whatever errors have crept in. The Cath- olics of our State have just reason to be proud of their history; and, while they are thrilled with the tale of the sufferings, priva- tions, and generosity of those who have gone before them, they may take the assurance that they, too, are deserving of a large measure of praise, for the sacrifices they have made and are mak- ing, and for the splendid example they are giving to the world of virtue, and loyalty to Church and country, helping, on their part, to make the diocese of Newark peerless among all the dioceses of the country. May this volume give to • all the same pleasure in reading it as the author found in writing it. MoRRiSTOWN, N. J., January 7, 1904. HEMLOCK LAKE, N. ¥. SOURCES OF INFORMATION The following have been consulted and have proved valuable sources of information : Narrative and Critical History of America Winsor. England in the Eighteenth Century Lecky. Smith's History of New Jersey, a Reprint Sharpe. Historical Collections of tlie State of New Jersey Barber and Howe. Old Order Boole Morristown Headquarters History of New York Brodhead. Laws of the Colony of Nova Csesarea History of New Jersey Raum. New Jersey as a Colony and as a State Lee. Persecutions of Irish Catholics Moran. The Battle of the Faith in Ireland O'Rourke The Story of Ireland Sullivan. A Child's History of Ireland Joyce. Irish Settlers in America McGee. The Catholic Church in the United States DeCourcy-Shea. The Catholic Church in the United States Shea. The Life and Times of Archbishop Carroll Shea. History of the Catholic Church in New York Bayley. Life of Montalembert Lecanuet. Principles and Acts of the Revolution Niles. Account of Negro Plot Horsemanden. Life and Times of Archbishop Carroll Campbell. History of Wyoming Miner. Field Book of the Revolution Lessing. Life of Mother Margaret Seguier Records of American Catholic Historical Society, Phil- adelphia Historical Records and Studies, United States Catholic Historical Society, New York American Catholic Historical Researches Griffin. History of Sussex and Warren Counties, N. J History of Jersey City A Century of Catholicity in Trenton, N.J Fox. History of Mercer County Story of a Parish Flynn. Life of Madame D'Youville Ramsay. Register of Clergy (2 vols.), Diocese of Newark vii viii SOURCES OF INFORMATION. Letter Book of Archbishop Bayley Letter Book of Archbishop Corrigan Diary of Archbishop Corrigan Church and State in the United States Spalding. Essays of History and Literature Fiske. Historical Records of Morris County, N. J Green. Memorial Address, the late Rev. John Rogers O'Grady. Historical Address, Sesqui-Centennial of Sussex County Swayze. Various Parish Chronicles; History of Catholic Church in Paterson, Schreiner; Sketch of St. Joseph's Church, Swedesboro, Leahey; St. Mary's, Perth Amboy, Leahey; Story of Our Parish, Boonton ; St. Mary's Catholic Church, Salem; A Half Century of Catholicity in Phillipsburg, McCloskey ; St. Nicholas's, Atlantic City; Brief History of St. Paul of the Cross, Jersey City; History of Catholic Church in Bloomfield; History of St. Agnes's, Paterson; History of St. Patrick's Church, Chatham; and St. Leo's, Irvington, N. J., Dunn; Catholicity in Bound Brook; Seton Hall College: A Memoir; St. Mary's Church, Plainfield ; History of Catholicity in Lakewood ; and, through the courtesy of Rt. Rev. Monsignor Stafford, the Records of the Seminary of the Immaculate Conception from 1868 to the present. And newspaper files of The Truthteller, Metropolitan Magazine, London Tablet, New York Freeman's Journal, Catholic World, Catholic Mis- cellany, United States Catholic Magazine, Boston Pilot, Catholic Ex- positor, Sussex Register, Newark Advertiser, Newark Evening News, Jersey City Journal, Daily Times, New Brunswick ; Catholic Messen- ger, Elizabeth ; Irish Ecclesiastical Record, and Catholic Directory (40 vols.), and various documents in the Newark Library and that of the New Jersey Historical Society, Newark. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS CHURCHES Cathedral of Sacred Heart Frontispiece PAGE Atlantic City, St. Nicholas's 331 Avondale, Our Lady of Grace 459 Bayonne, St. Mary's. . . .• 358 St. Mary's. 357 " St. Henry's 543 Belleville, St. Peter's j 10 Bloomfield, Sacred Heart 465 Boonton, Mt. Carmel 191 Butler, St. Anthony's 461 Camden, Immaculate Conception 333 Chatham, St. Patrick's 415 Cranford, St. Michael's i 441 East Orange, Help of Christians 514 Elizabeth, Holy Rosary 527 St. Mary's 141 Sacred Heart 414 St. Patrick's 356 " St. Michael's 257 Gloucester, St. Mary's 195 Greenville, St. Paul's 366 Guttenberg, New Church '395 Old Church 393 Hackensack, Newman School 372 Harrison, Holy Cross 373 Hibemia, St. Patrick's 370 Hoboken, St. Francis's 532 " St. Joseph's 436 " Sts. Peter and Paul's 534 " Our Lady of Grace (Interior) 171 Our Lady of Grace 169 First Catholic Public School 158 Hohokus, St. Luke's 378 Irvington, St. Leo's 456 Jersey City, St. Nicholas's 522 " " St. Lucy's 520 St. Anthony's 519 ix LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Jersey City, St. John Baptist 517 " St. Bridget's , 408 " St. Peter's 99 " First St. Peter's Church 96 " St. Peter's i ; 96 St. Aloysius's School : 547 " St. Patrick's. 411 " St. Paul of the Cross 405 " St. Boniface 380 St. Mary's , 363 St. Michael's (Interior) 345 St. Michael's (Exterior) '. 344 All Saints' 545 " St. Joseph's 337 Kearney, St. Cecilia's 541 Lakewood, First Church 237 Lodi, St. Francis de Sales's 324 Macopin, St. Joseph's 462 Church 35 Madison, St. Vincent's 115 Mendham, St. Joseph's , 355 Montclair, Tegakwita Hall ' 310 Morristown, All Souls' Hospital 223 " St. Margaret's 217 Assumption 214 " First Church 213 New Brunswick, St. Peter's 89 Netcong, St. Michael's 475 New York, Old St. Peter's Church.. 50 Newark, St. Bridgit's 531 " St. Mary's Academy 594 " Blessed Sacrament 582 St. Michael's 467 " St. Aloysius's 473 " St. Antoninus's 454 " St. John's 73 " St. John's First Catholic Church 68 St. Mary's 136 " St. James's 305 " St. Augustine's 452 " St. Columba's 445 St. Philip Neri's , 551 " Convent of Good Shepherd 427 " St. Joseph's : 398 St. Benedict's ... 350 " St. Peter's 329 St. Mary Magdalen's 542 " St. Rose of Lima 539 " St. Lucy's 538 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xi PAGK Newark, Mt. Carmel 537 St. Stanislaus's 535 " St. Patrick's Pro-cathedral 199 Newton, Old Church 314 " Present Church 317 Orange, Our Lady of the Valley 448 Mt. Carmel 576 St. John's 323 Passaic, St. Nicholas's 327 " First Church 326 St. Joseph's 575 " Assumption 474 Paterson, St. George's 511 " St. Bonaventure's 460 St. Mary's 435 " St. Joseph's 401 " St. John's 76 " St. Boniface's 254 Philadelphia, Old St. Joseph's 23 Plainfield, First Church 249 St. Mary's 250 Princeton, St. Paul's 182 Rahway, St. Mary's 187 Ridgewood, House of Divine Providence , : 596 Rockaway, St. Cecilia's 369 Roselle, St. Joseph's 444 Salem, First Church 179 St. Mary's 180 Shadyside, Sacred Heart 446 Stony Hill, St. Mary's 189 South Orange, Our Lady of Sorrows 529 " " Seton Hall College 599 Summit, St. Teresa's 370 Swedesboro, Second Church 339 Trenton, Sacred Heart 387 St. Mary's Cathedral 384 " St. Francis's 234 " St. Francis's 173 Union Hill, St. Augustine's 526 " " Holy Family 351 Vineland, Sacred Heart 382 West Hoboken, St. Michael's 240 " " St. Joseph's 241 Westfield, Holy Trinity 438 Weehawken, St. Lawrence's 524 Whippany, Our Lady of Mercy 325 Wyckoff, St. Elizabeth's 379 xii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS MISCELLANEOUS PAGE Academy of Madame Chegarry (Old Seton Hall) 278 Academy, Old St. Elizabeth's 285 Bayley, Most Rev. James R 266 Brownson, Orestes A 147 Bulger, Father 37 Carroll, Archbishop 39 Cauvin, Rev. Anthony 151 Corrigan, Most Rev. M. A 207 Consecration Procession of Bishop O'Connor 554 D'Arcy, Rev. James 120 Doane, Rt. Rev. George H 198 Dubois, Rt. Rev. John 79 Farmer, Father 25 Geiger's House 178 Hogan, Rev. John ii i Howell, Rev. Isaac P 142 Hughes, Most Rev. John 84 Jubilee, Golden 201 Kilpatrick, Gen. Judson 319 Kelly, Rev. John 97 Kraus, Rev. D 381 Mother Mary Xavier Mehegan 591 Mass in the Woods : 117 Mackin, Rev. John :....:..' ./. 61 Madden, Rev. Michael A. -119 Messmer, Most Rev. S. G 497 McFaul, Rt. Rev. J. A,. ^ 177 McGovern, Rev. P .■ '. . . 216 McGorien, Rev. Francis. 174 McKay, Rev. James 322 McQuaid, Rt. Rev. Bernard 202 O'Connor, Rt. Rev. John J 553 O'Connor, Consecration of Rt. Rev. John 200 O'Farrell, Rt. Rev. Michael J 95 O'Reilly, Rev. C 360 Pardow, Rev. Gregory Bryan 68 Pitcher, Molly 44 Power, Very Rev. John, D.D 49 Prieth, Rev. Gottfried '. . . 330 Revere, Gen. J. W 232 Rogers, Rev. John , 91 Senez, Rev. Louis D 83 Shea, John Gilmary, LL.D . 149 Sheppard, Rt. Rev. J. A 346 Sisters of Charity, Mother House 589 Sister Mary Catharine Nevin 592 Sister Mary Agnes O'Neill 593 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xiii PAGE Smith, Rev. Anthony 385 Tighe, Rev. John J 192 Venuta, Rev. A 338 Von Schilgen, Rev. Albert 258 Ward, Old Mansion (Newark; 274 Wigger, Rt. Rev. W. M 87 Wimmer, Arch Abbot 138 Women of Elizabeth Defend Church 145 Young, Rev. Alfred, C.S.P 183 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN NEW S'ERSEY Colonial Period. The Cross erected by Columbus on one of the Bahamas, in the year of our Lord 1492, was, under the Providence of God, to be the harbinger of blessings to countless generations, driven by the mighty forces — even at that time shaking Continental Europe to its very centre — to seek a refuge and a home, free from tur- moil and conflict, in a virgin land. The fifteenth century wit- nessed kingdoms and the church of the living God tottering to destruction. The spirit of revolt, emboldened in its successful attack by Luther and his colleagues on the sacred deposit of dogma, was soon to assail in its citadel one of the most cherished of Christian traditions — the divine rights of royalty — and the head of a Charles I was to fall under the executioner's axe by the order of the Protector of the Commonwealth. In France, a sect was to feel the mailed hand of power, and after paying with tor- rents of blood, the best testimony of their good faith, was driven forth to seek in foreign lands that freedom denied them in their own. Fire and sword had swept over fair lerne, and the discov- ery of a new world saw a nation prostrate and a people in chains. Let us turn again to Columbus and his crew, clustered around the Cross — the wondering natives standing afar — with what fervor from a heart overflowing with gratitude went up to heaven the prayer of the saintly captain, which has come down to us : " O Lord, Eternal and Almighty God, who by Thy sacred word hast created the heavens, the earth, and the seas ! May Thy name be blessed and glorified everywhere! May Thy majesty be exalted, who hast deigned to permit that by Thy humble servant Thy sacred name should be known and preached in this other part of the world ! " And forth from their hearts burst the great Ambrose's hymn — "Te Deum Laudamus," i.e., We praise Thee, O God — forget- I 2 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH ful of their past dangers and perils on the broad and trackless waters of the Atlantic — whose echoes were again to be taken up, like a theme in music— to be borne along the ages in full and fer- vent harmony by the sons of the Cavalier and Roundhead, by the impulsive Celt and sturdy Saxon, by the children of mighty Rome, and by the sons of the fierce Goth, who had spoiled of all its glory the city of the Cassars. Was it chance or was it providential that among the crews of Columbus were to be found both a Saxon and a Celt, representa- tives of two races through whose activities the new world by its progress, ingenuity, political complexion, and industrial initiative were later on to startle and amaze the older world? Winsor, Narrative atid Critical History of Ainerica, says : The list of the companions of Columbus in his first voyage to the new world in 1492 shows among them an Irishman, "Gulliermo Ires, natural de Galwey, en Irlanda" — that is, William Herries, a native of Gal way, Ireland (ii., p. 11). The story of the acquisitions of the different sections of the newly discovered land by exploration or by conquest has been so often told that it does not come within the scope of the present work. Although the voyage of Cabot, in 1497, had established the English claim, yet it was not until Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in 1759, and Sir Walter Raleigh, in 1584, had landed the one as far north as the mouth of the Kennebec, and the other in Virginia, that any serious attempt was made by Raleigh to establish a colony in the new possessions. Notwithstanding the patent Queen Elizabeth had given Ra- leigh and his heirs, to discover and possess forever, all such coun- tries as were not then possessed by any Christian prince, King James, in 1606, granted a new patent of Virginia, in which was included what is now known as the New England States — New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland — to Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Somers, Richard Hakluyt, Clerk, Edward Maria Wingfield, Thomas Hanham, Richard Gilbert, Esqs., William Parker, George Popham, Lord Chief Justice of England, and others. The land extended from the thirty-fourth to the forty- fifth degrees of north latitude, with all the islands within one hundred miles of the coast. This patent was divided into two districts, called North and South Virginia, the latter vested in the Company of the London Adventurers ; and the former, granted to Thomas Hanham and his associates, was called the Plymouth Colony. IN NEW JERSEY 3 But the Dutch, although proverbially slow, in that day swept with their fleet the waters of the globe, and one of their vessels, the Half Moon, manned by an English captain and fitted out by the East India Company, entered Delaware Bay, August 28th, 1609. On account of the shoals navigation was difficult, and Hudson set sail again, hugging the eastern shore of our State, and anchored September 3d, 1609, within Sandy Hook. He sent a boat ashore for the purpose of exploration and of taking sound- ings. His men penetrated some distance inland, in the woods of Monmouth, where the Indians they met received them kindly and offered them green tobacco and dried currants. Heaving anchor, Hudson continued his voyage up the noble river, buttressed by the Palisades, to which was given his name. Claiming to have purchased the chart Hudson had made of the American coast, and having obtained a patent from the States, in 1 6 14, to trade in New England, the Dutch founded a settlement on the island of Manhattan, which they called New Amsterdam. They built many forts in their new possessions, among them one near Gloucester, N. J., which they called Fort Nassau; and made a settlement in Bergen in 161 7. King Charles I, however, regarded this occupation as an inva- sion of his territory and an intrusion on the part of these early Knickerbockers, and determined to dispossess them. Charles I, in 1632, granted to Sir Edmund Plowden a grant of land embracing New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Mary- land, and this despite the grant of Marj-land to Lord Baltimore two years previously. Under this charter, in 1634, Plowden granted 10,000 acres to Sir Thomas Danby on condition that he would settle one hundred planters on it, but not to suffer "any to live there not believing or professing the three Christian creeds, commonly called the Apostolical, Athanasian, and Nicene." The Earl Palatinate visited his vast domain personally in 1642, sailing up the Delaware River — which two other adventurers had named the Charles — and found at Salem City, N. J., a settle- ment of seventy persons who had come hither from New Haven to continue their avocation as whalers. Their officers did not hesi- tate to swear allegiance to him as governor. Owing to his retirement to Virginia, the execution of Charles I, and the advent of Cromwell with his Commonwealth, he lost grip of his possessions which fell into other hands, and although his grandsons, Thomas and George Plowden, came to America to assert their claims to New Albion in 1684, little seems to have 4 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH come of it. One Charles Varlo purchased one-third of the char- ter, and in 1784 came with his family, as he says, "invested with the proper power as governor to the Province," going even so far as to enter suit in chancery, but defeat sent him back to England, and the claim of the Plowdens, and the name New Albion, passed into oblivion. The region between the Hudson and the Delaware rivers, of which little was known beyond the few hamlets near Manhattan, was called " Albania." It offered the greatest attraction to emi- grants, becaiise it was " the most improveable part of the province, in respect not only to the land, but to the sea-coast and the Dela- ware River, the fertility of the soil, the neighborhood of Hudson's river, and, lastly, the fair hopes of rich mines." Charles H . issued a patent to his brother, the Duke of York, in which were included among other lands the provinces of New York and New Jersey. The Dutch, totally unsuspicious and un- prepared for war, capitulated to Sir Robert Carre, after articles of agreement had been mutually accepted which secured them in the possession of their property and in the practice of their relig- ion. The Duke of York on his part, thus having secured posses- sion of this vast territory, in consideration of a competeht sum of money, granted and conveyed unto Lord Berkeley, baron of Stratton, and Sir George Carteret, of Saltrum, "all that tract of land to the west of Manhattan Island and Long Island, and bounded on the east part by the main sea, and part by Hudson's river, and hath upon the west Delaware bay or river, and ex- tendeth southward to the main ocean as far as Cape May, and to the northward as far as the northermost branch of the said bay or river of Delaware, and crosseth over thence in a straight line to Hudson's river, which said tract of land is hereafter to be called Nova Cassarea, or New Jersey." This document bears the date of June 23d and 24th, 1664. Berkeley and Carteret, being now sole proprietors of New Jersey, agreed upon a constitution, which by its broad liberality, especially in the matter of religion, was calculated to attract settlers. Article seventh declares: No person qualified, as aforesaid, shall at any time be molested, punished, disquieted, or called in question, for any difference in opinion or practice in matters of religious con- cernment ; but that all and every such person and persons may, from time to time, and at all times, freely and fully have and enjoy his and their judgments and consciences, in matters of religion, throughout the said province, etc., etc. IN NEW JERSEY '5 While the Dutch were in power in New York, no laws adverse to Catholics were enacted, the bigotry afterward dominant being of English origin. The laws promulgated by the Duke of York in 1664 required the establishment of a church in each parish. This was inter- preted by Governor Andros and his council as requiring all per- sons to contribute, whether belonging to the congregation or not, and he asserted that this was not an infringement of the liberty of conscience, "as some pretend." This last was aimed at the Dutch, in the minority in some parishes, who complained that the articles of capitulation, August 7th, 1664, guaranteeing to the Dutch " liberty of their consciences in divine worship and church discipline," were thereby violated. Colonel Dongan, a Catholic, afterward Earl of Limerick, suc- ceeded Andros in 1683. One of his first acts was to summon a provincial assembly, thus giving to the people of the colony what they had not hitherto enjoyed, a voice in the framing of the laws and the administration of the government. This was the conces- sion of a Catholic proprietor, and was carried into effect by a Catholic governor, at the very time when the colonists of New England were deprived of their charter. The first act of the first assembly of New York was the "charter of libertys," passed October 30th, 1683, and reads as follows: That no person or persons which professe ffaith in God by Jesus Christ shall, at any time, be any wayes molested, punished, disquieted, or called in question for any difference of opinion, or matter of religious con- cernment, who do nott actually disturbe the civil peace of the province, butt thatt all and every such person or p'sons may, from time to time, and at all times, freely have and fully enjoy, his or their judgements or consciences in matters of religions through- out all the province, they behaving themselves peacefully and quietly, and nott using this liberty to licentiousness, nor to the civil injury or outward disturbance of others." Another provision was, that whereas all the Christian churches then in the province seemed to be privileged churches, they were thereb}^ secured in their property and discipline, and the like privileges were guaranteed to other Christian churches coming into the province, in regard to divine worship and church discipline. Some years anterior to these events are discerned the first traces of Catholicity in New York. In 1622 there were two Catholic soldiers in Fort Orange, now Albany ; and, when Father Jogues, the saintly apostle of the Indians, escaped from the Iro- 6 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH quois, in 1642, he found "a Portuguese woman and a young Irish- man on the Island of Manhattan, whose confession he heard (Bay ley, C. C, on Island of N. Y., I/)." The young Irishman is said to have come from Virginia. When Dongan arrived in New Yorlc, he was accompanied by an English Jesuit, Father Thomas Harvey, who remained there seven years. He was joined by Father Henry Harrison, S. J., Father Charles Gage, S. J., in 1685-86, and two lay brothers. There was a Catholic chapel in Fort James, just south of Bowl- ing Green ; and an attempt was made to open a classical school on the King's Farm, near or on the site of Trinity Church. We are informed " that Papists began to settle in the colony under the smiles of the Governor." Even at that day Wood- bridge, N. J., was known for the fine quality of clay found there — " the iinest in the world." This attracted many settlers, and among them some Catholics, since we find Fathers Harvey and Gage visiting both Woodbridge and Elizabethtown, the capital of East Jersey, settled by Carteret, and named for his own wife. The old records show Hugh Dunn, John and James Kelly, to be in Woodbridge in 1672, and Robert Vanquellen, or La Prarire, a native of Caen, France, in 1668, and Surveyor-General of that sec- tion of New Jersey, 1669-70. The documents connected with Leisler's usurpation give us another glimpse of the presence of Catholics, for " they allege that the Papists on Staten Island did threaten to cut the inhabitants' throats and to come and burn the city ; that eighty or a hundred men were coming from Boston . . . several of them Irish and Paptists ; that a good part of the soldiers in the fort already were Papists ; that M. de la Prearie (the same Vanquellen, whose name was pronounced and spelled out of all semblance) had arms in his house." One of the most prominent Catholics in New York in that day was Major Anthony Brockholes. After the reconquest of the province. King Charles appointed Andros governor, specifying, at the same time, that in case of the death of Andros Lieut. Anthony Brockholes was to succeed him in his office. Brockholes, of an old Catholic family of Lan- cashire, England, was known to be a Papist, and would have been excluded from holding ofifice, were it not that the "Test Act " of March 23d, 1673, did not apply to the British American Plantations. Brockholes was an efficient officer and served the colony well, until the Leisler usurpation, when a price was set upon his head, and he and Arent Schuyler sought in New Jersey refuge from the IN NEW JERSEY 7 storm. In 1696 they together bought five thousand five hundred acres of land, and large tracts in other parts of the State, extend- ing in part from Paterson to Pompton, where Brockholes passed to the end of his days a very retired life. He entered a matri- monial union, so often fatal to the heritage of faith, espousing Susanna Maria, daughter of Paulus Schrick, a member of the Dutch Reformed Church, in which their children were all bap- tized. They were, of course, brought up Protestants, and his son Henry made a gift to the Dutch Reformed Church of Paterson " for one acre of land I give to the good will I owe, and the regard I have, for the low duch (sic!) Reformed Church of Holland." Pew No. I of that church belongs to his heirs forever. Henry Brockholes, or Brockholst, as the family later pleased to spell the name, was a member of the New Jersey Legislature in 171 7. Thus, the faith that resisted unto blood the persecution of Ed- ward and Elizabeth, collapsed utterly through an unfortunate union with one of alien faith. In the ship Pliilip, which brought Carteret to this country, there were thirty emigrants, several of whom were Frenchmen, skilled in making salt, which was evidently intended to be the staple of New Jersey. They were, doubtless, Alsatians, since in that province extensive works of that kind were found ; and this conjecture is supported by the fact that they were Catholics whom Fathers Gage and Harrison visited at the close of the seventeenth century, and other priests at a later period. The peace'of Westminster, which concluded the war between the Dutch and the British, unsettled the position of the proprie- tors in the colonies. In the opinion of many jurists, who were consulted, the old patents were void, and on the strength of this opinion Charles again granted to his brother James, Duke of York, all that he had previously conveyed. James did not regret this decision, as he was anxious to recover the territories he had squandered on Berkeley and Carteret. But these wily courtiers had learned well their lesson, and were able to parry the blow. Berkeley, on his return from the lieutenancy in Ireland, was made ambassador to France. Shortly after the treaty, in consideration of i^i,ooo, Berkeley sold to John Fenwick, an old Cromwellian soldier, in trust for Edward Byllinge, a broken-down London brewer, his undivided half of New Jersey, together with such " franchises, liberties, govern- ments, and powers as had been granted to him in 1664." This deal was concluded before Charles made his second grant to 8 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH James. As for Carteret, he finally succeeded in wheedling James into confirming his grant in severalty of that portion of New Jersey extending south as far as Barnegat, and west as far as Rankokus Kill, or Delaware River. Dongan was removed from office in 1691, and the Assembly of New York passed a resolution that all laws made by the late Assembly were null and void; and thus the first anti-Catholic legislation was enacted, to be the more fully exploited by the law-makers of July 31st, 1700. This is the preamble: " Whereas, divers Jesuits, priests, and papist missionaries have of late come, and for some time have had their residence in the remote parts of this province, and other of his Majesty's adjacent colonies, who, by their wicked and subtle insinuations industriously labored to debauch, seduce, and with- draw the Indians from their due obedience unto his most sacred Majesty, and to excite and stir them up to sedition, rebellion, and open hostility against his Majesty's Government." It then enacted that every priest, etc., remaining in or coming into the province after November ist, 1700, should be "deemed and accounted an incendiary, and disturber of the public peace and safety, and an enemy to the true Christian religion, and shall be adjudged to su^er perpetual imprisonment." In case of escape and capture to suffer death. Harborers of priests to pay ;^200 and stand three days in the pillory. {Laws of N. V., p. 38.) On September i6th, 1701, a law was enacted by which "papists and popish recusants are prohibited from voting for members of Assembly or any office whatever, from thenceforth and forever." (Col. of Laws, i,, p. 42.) How truly does Lecky remark " that among the Irish Catholics, at least, religious intolerance has never been a prevailing vice, and those who have studied closely the history, and character of the Irish people can hardly fail to be struck with the deep respect for sincere religion in every form which they have commonly evinced " (England in the Eighteenth Century, ii., 423). It is a memorable fact that not a single Protestant suffered for his religion in Ireland during all the period of the Marian persecution in England (ibid). Leisler was a religious fanatic, a worthy predecessor of the new governor, the Earl of Bellomont, whose father. Colonel Coote, had been one of the bloodiest butchers of Irish Catholics in Cromwell's time. The son inherited all the sanguinary and fiendish ferocit}' against the Catholic religion of his father, coupled with the shrewder statecraft of the unprincipled politician. In the first general assembly, held at Elizabeth town. May 26th, 1668, William Douglass, the member from Bergen, was excluded IN NEW JERSEY 9 because he was a Catholic ; and two years later he was arrested as "a troublesome person," sent to New York, whence he was ban- ished to New England and warned not to come again into the Duke's territories. A little incident, in 1679, gives us another glimpse of the sad condition of the little band of Catholics in Elizabeth and near by. Joseph Bankers and Peter Sluyter, followers of Labadie, an apostate Jesuit, came to America in search of land for a settle- ment. In one of their letters, under date October ist, 1679, they say: " At Mill Creek, a good half -hour's distance from Elizabeth- town, N. J,, there was a tavern on it kept by a French papist, who at once took us to be priests, and so conducted themselves toward us in every respect accordingly, although we told them and protested otherwise. As there was nothing to be said further, we remained so to their imagination to the last, the more certainly because we spoke French, and they were French people. We slept there that night, and at three o'clock in the morning we set sail." On November 14th they again " reached the point of Eliza- beth's Kil, where we were compelled to anchor. We all went ashore and lodged for the night in the home of the French peo- ple, who were not yet rid of the suspicion they had conceived, notwithstanding the declaration we had made accordingly." Under date of January ist, 1680, they were on Woodbridge Creek: "We landed here on Staten Island to drink at the house of the Frenchman, Le Chaudronnier, where we formerly passed a night in making the tour of Staten Island. He related to us what strange opinions, every one as well as himself, entertained of us." Martin I. J. Griffin claims that Elizabeth Brittin, daughter of Lionel Brittin, the first to arrive in the Delaware (1680), father of the first white child born in these parts, on the first panel of jurors, and the first convert to the Catholic faith in Pennsylvania, was married to Michael Kearney, a prominent man in East Jersey. Now the most distinguished man of that name in this part of the colony lived ajjout one half mile from Whippany, where he had an estate of nine hundred and ninety-nine acres, called the Irish Lott. Here he entertained in lordly style, and his hospitality won for him hosts of friends. His tomb may still be seen on a charming knoll, with pleasant views of hill and woodland on every 10 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH side. When last seen by the writer, it was in a dilapidated con- dition. The inscription on the huge stone is : t SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF CAPTAIN MICHALE KEARNEY OF HIS BRITTANIC MAJESTY'S NAVY. HE DEPARTED THIS LIFE AT THE IRISH LOTT THE SEAT OF HIS RESIDENCE IN HANOVER ON THE 5 DAY OF APRIL A.D. 1797 AGED 78 Years, 6 Months and 28 Days IN THE NAVAL SERVICE HE WAS A BRAVE AND INTREPID OFFICER WHICH SECURF.D TO HIM SEVERAL MAKKS OF DISTINGUISHED RESPECT AND CONFIDENCE. IN PRIVATE LIFE HE EXERCISED THE VIRTUES OF BENEVOLENCE, HOSPITAI(«C)ETY AND GENTEEL URBANITY. In May, 1682, an attempt was made by the Legislature to secure for West Jersey a separate coinage. The necessity for small coinage was pressing, and Mark Newbie, a Quaker, one of the earliest settlers of Gloucester, was empowered to supply the demand. The act provides: That Mark Newbie's half-pence, called Patrick's half-pence, shall from and after the said eighteenth instant pass for half-pence current pay of this province, provided A PATRICK PENCE. he, the said Mark, give sufficient security to the speaker of this House for the use of the General Assembly from time to time being, that he, the said Mark, his executors and administrators, shall and will change the said half-pence for pay equivalent upon demand ; and provided also that no Person or Persons be hereby obliged to take more than five shillings in one payment. IN NEW JERSEY ii There is considerable obscurity as to the manner in which these coins came into the possession of Newbie, and likewise as to their origin. By some it is thought that they were struck abroad in the reign of Charles I, or that they were minted on the Continent and authorized by the Kilkenny Assembly, and circulated by the confederates when other money was scarce in Ireland. There were several varieties, but the most common shows a king kneel- ing, playing a harp, with the motto " Floreat Rex " ; and on the obverse side is a figure of St. Patrick, with one hand outstretched, while the left clasps the archiepiscopal cross, and on the extreme right a church, with the motto " Quiescat Plebs." There is no doubt that Mark Newbie secured these coins in Ireland, as he embarked from one of its ports on the 19th of Sep- tember, 1681, in a narrow-stemmed pink called "Ye Owner's Ad- venture," under the command of Mate Daggett. After a voyage of two months he arrived " by the grace of God, within ye Capes of De La Ware," and after spending the winter in Salem, finally took up a twentieth share of land, nearly midway between Cooper's Creek and Newton Creek in what was known as the Irish Tenth. When Sir Edmund Andros was commissioned captain-general, and governor-in-chief, in 1686, by James II, over his "Territory and Dominion of New England in America," i.e., Massachusetts Bay, New Plymouth, New Hampshire, Maine and the Narragan- sett country, to secure him in his government, two companies of regular soldiers, chiefly Irish papists, were raised in London, and placed under his orders (Brodhead, History of New York, ii., 451)- In 1687 our attention is called to the woes of another Catholic who, despite his ability and the conscientious discharge of a deli- cate office, was dismissed in disgrace because of his religion. Mathew Plowman, a Catholic, was appointed by King James II "Our Collector and Receiver of our Revenue in our Province of New York and the Territories depending thereon in America," so that the sphere of his jurisdiction extended from Maine to Delaware, Rhode Island and Connecticut excepted. He, together with Captain Baxter and Ensign Russell of the fort of New York, were known to be Catholics, and for this the lieutenant-governor, on the accession of William and Mary, " to avoid jealousies, sent them out of the Province." While Catholics in America were thus dismissed from office because of their religion, Lecky writes : " The terror that was excited by the ambition of France en- 11 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH listed a great part of the Catholic Europeans on the side of Wil- liam. The King of Spain was decidedly in his favor, and the Spanish ambassador at The Hague is said to have ordered Mass in his chapel for the success of the expedition. The Emperor employed all his influence at Rome on the same side, and, by sin- gular good fortune, the Pope himself looked with favor on the Revolution" {England in the Eighteenth Century" i., p. 22). " It was asserted, though probably with some exaggeration, that there were no less than 4,000 Catholics in the army with which William came over to defend the Protestantism of Eng- land " (ibid., p. 294). " The penal laws against Roman Catholics, both in England and Ireland, were the immediate consequence of the Revolution " (p. 294). In other parts of King James's domain Catholics paid the pen- alty of loyalty to their faith. The first execution for witchcraft, in 1688, at Charlestown, Mass., was "an Irish woman of a strange tongue" named Glover. Her daughter was accused by a child of her "master" with having stolen family linen. The "scandalous old hag" Glover was "a Roman Catholic; she had never learned the Lord's Prayer in English." She was " condemned as a witch and executed " (Bancroft, iii., 76, ed. 1842). The first victim of the Salem witchcraft of 1691 was "Bridget Bishop, a poor and friendless old woman." She was hanged June 1 0th, 1692. The drastic laws enacted in New York, on the accession of William and Mary at the close of the seventeenth century, found an echo in New Jersey. The law of 1698, declaring what are the rights and privileges of his Majesty's subjects in East New Jersey, directed "that no person or persons that profess faith in God by Jesus Christ, His only Son, shall at any time be molested, punished, disturbed, or be called in question for difference in religious opinion, &c., &c., provided this shall not extend to any of the Romish religion the right to exercise their manner of worship contrary to the laws and statutes of England." When Lord Cornbury assumed the government of New Jersey in 1701, his instructions directed him to permit liberty of con- science to all persons except papists. Matters remained thus with the Catholic Church in New Jersey until the end of the Brit- ish rule. IN NEW JERSEY 13 In her "Instructions" to Lord Cornbury, November i6th, 1702, Queen Anne, among others, directed him to have oversight that no man's hfe, member, freehold, or goods be taken away, or harmed, otherwise than by due process of the law ; that liberty of conscience be allowed to every one "except papists," and the "test" oath be administered "for preventing dangers which may happen from papish recusants." Early in the eighteenth century almost every church in our State had a school attached to it. " By the side of the log church the primitive school-house was erected ; and schools, supervised and supported by the church authorities, were established in all the larger settlements of East Jersey. The pioneers in West Jersey were Quakers. To them school-houses were scarcely sec- ond in importance, and were usually placed under the same roof with their place of worship " (Raum, History of New Jersey, ii., 284). Private schools were also established, sometimes in a pri- vate house, sometimes in a rude building, and here the children were taught by an itinerant school-master, occasionally a college- bred man, and, not unfrequently, a Scotch or Irish redemptioner. This leads us to some of the saddest pages of the history of the Irish race. The war ended in Ireland in 1652. According to the calcula- tion of Sir W. Petty, out of a population of 1,446,000, 616,000 had in eleven years perished by the sword, by plague, or by famine artificially produced; 504,000, according to this estimate, were Irish, 112,000 of English extraction. A third part of the popula- tion had been blotted out, and Petty tells us that according to some calculations' the number of the victims was much greater. . . Famine and sword had so done their work that in some districts the traveller rode twenty or thirty miles without seeing one trace of human life, and fierce wolves — rendered doubly savage by feeding on human flesh — multiplied with startling rapidity through the deserted land, and might be seen prowling in num- bers within a few miles of Dublin. Liberty was given to able- bodied men to abandon the country and enlist in foreign service, and from 30,000 to 40,000 availed themselves of the permission. Slave-dealers were let loose upon the land, and many hundreds of boys and marriageable girls, guilty of no offence whatever, were torn away from their country, shipped to the Barbadoes and sold as slaves to planters (Lecky, Etigland in the Eighteenth Century, ii., 188). The archives of the Ministry of War of France show that 14 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH 700,000 Irish soldiers gave their hearts' blood on a hundred bat- tlefields under Y\\^ fleur-de-lis and the tricolor of the French mon- archy and republic {Life of Montalembert, Lecanuet, i., 107). In twenty years there were at least four of absolute famine, and that of 1740-1741, althoijgh it has hardly left a trace in history, was one of the most fearful on record. One writer states that 400,000 perished this year through famine or its attendant diseases (Lecky, ii., 238). The details of the sufferings and deaths are sickening and revolting. Whole parishes were desolate, and whole thousands perished in a barony. Newnham, on "Irish Emigration," remarks: "If we said that during fifty years of the eighteenth century the average annual emigrations to America and the West Indies amounted to about 4,000, and consequently that in that space of time about 200,000 had emigrated to the English plantations, I am disposed to think we should rather fall short of the real truth " (Lecky, ii., 284). The Abbe MacGeoghegan says: By calculation and by re- searches made in the war office it is found that from the year 1691 to the battle of Fontenoy, in 1745, more than 450,000 Irish soldiers .died in the service of France. Sir William Petty, writing in 1672, states that six thousand boys and women were sold as slaves from Ireland to the under- takers of the American islands. Bruodin estimates the total num- ber of the exiles from Ireland at 100,000. A letter, written in 1656, cited by Dr. Lingard, reckons the number of Catholics thus sent to slavery at 60,000. "The Catholics are sent off in ship- fuls to the Barbadoes and other American islands. I believe 60,000 have already gone; for the husbands being first sent to Belgium and Spain already, their wives and children are now destined for the Americas " (Persecutions of Irish Catholics, Moran, 323). In the course of years many of these Irish exiles became proprietors of the estates on which they labored, attained great wealth, had their black slaves, who assumed their names, and to- day one may meet them, black as ebony, bearing such names as T. Kelly Smith, S. M. Burke, Rachel Dunn, J. Harris Carr, and speaking English with a rich brogue. As late as 1785 the trade of "soul driver" was plied, and human cargoes of fifty or more were purchased from the inhuman captains of the ships which brought them over, by dealers, who drove them through the country and disposed of them to the farmers. Thus were the shipmasters compensated and enriched IN NEW JERSEY 15 for the expenses of the immigrants' passage over-sea. " All strata of society," says B. F. Lee, " were represented among the redemp- tioners, most of whom, in New Jersey, were Palatinate Germans, Scotch, English, Irish, and Scotch-Irish, sons of good families, street waifs, soldiers of fortune, young girls fresh from farms, dis- solute women from the purlieus of London and the great cities. Some in search of a new home, some desiring to reform wayward lives, some seeking adventure, were huddled upon ships and brought to Philadelphia, New York, Salem, Burlington, and Am- boy. Once landed, they Vi^ere offered to the highest bidder, placed on show like cattle, and hurried off to near-by farms, to become assimilated in a population which was as yet shifting and hetero- geneous. The advertisements of these sales crowd the columns of the newspapers of the day. The boys were ' likely ' and ' willing,' the girls ' hearty ' and ' used to country work.' Here and there was one who could serve as a school-master, as a ' taylor,' or as a shoemaker. Others there were who had trades, and many were ' pock-fretten.' " Once in the hands of a new master, the life of the redemp- tioner was more distasteful than that of a slave. Some owners recognized that their tenure over the life and liberty of the redemp- tioner was brief and uncertain, and, moved by selfish impulses, cruelly overworked their bondsmen. As a result, the redemptioner often performed more degrading work than a slave, and was treated with greater severity. Under such circumstances escapes were frequent, the advertisements in the newspapers described with great particularity the personal appearance and dress of the fugitive. Rewards, usually proportioned to the length of years the redemptioner had to serve, were offered, and from time to time notices appeared in the public prints advising those inter- ested that redemptioners had been taken up and were held in the common jails awaiting proper proofs of ownership. In the mutations of fortune the position of master and redemp- tioner was occasionally reversed. Upon completing his time a redemptioner would obtain possession of land, and, by successful ventures, become a proprietor. His sons would marry the daugh- ters of his former master, and families in the State trace their genealogies to such alliances. Nor was it uncommon for the redemptioner to secure a position in after-life as one of his Maj- esty's justices, although he seldom aspired to a seat in the House of Assembly, or hoped for a place in. council. These redemptioners were made up of the Irish, the Scotch, i6 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH and some from the German Palatinate, who were offered for sale at the docks of Philadelphia, Egg Harbor City, and elsewhere at from sixty to eighty dollars each, as late as in 1 83 1 . This trade introduced a new word into our language — " kidnapper." Of it Bailey, in his dictionary, has this to say: "Kid, formerly one trepanned " (i.e., entrapped^ " by kidnappers ; now, one who is bound apprentice here (England) in order to be transported to the English colonies in America y Kidnapper, a person who makes it his business to decoy either children or young persons, to send them to the English plantations in America (Historical Magazine, N. Y,, June 1871, 399). The lowest and most degraded engaged in this infamous traffic, and one of them, Capt. William Cunningham, before suffering the death penalty he so richly deserved for his many and fiendish crimes, made a confession, a part of which is : "In the year 1792 we removed to Newry, where I commenced the profession of scowbanker, which is that of enticing the me- chanics and country people to ship themselves for America, on promise of great advantage, and then artfully getting an indenture upon them in consequence of which, on their arrival in America, they are sold or obliged to serve a term of years for their passage " (Principles and Acts of ike Revobction, H., Niles, Baltimore, 1822, P- 274)- " When the Irish emigrants landed on the shores of Virginia, the laws against Catholics obliged them to embark again and set sail for Montserrat, in the West Indies, long known as an Irish colony. Sir George Calvert, also, was excluded from the native State of Washington because he was a Catholic, and for that rea- son founded his colony of Maryland. But amid their persecu- tions some Jesuit Fathers sought to extend around the succours of religion, for some Catholics were even then to be found in Vir- ginia, chiefly as slaves or indentured apprentices — Irish men and women, torn from their native land and sold into foreign bondage. After the struggle of 1541, and the Protestant triumph which en- sued, the Irish Catholics were relentlessly banished, and the State documents of Cromwell's time enable us to reckon from fifty to one hundred thousand forcibly transported to America. The ma- jority were given to the Barbadoes and Jamaica, but a great num- ber of women and children were also sold in Virginia, the men having been pressed into the Protector's navy. In 1652 the com- missaries of the Commonwealth ordered 'Irish women to be sold to merchants and shipped to Virginia,' and these unfortunate fe- IN NEW JERSEY 17 males, reduced to the condition of slavery as African negroes, sunk in great numbers under the labors imposed upon them by their masters' (De Courcey-Shea's History, p. 158). The hatred of the Virginia colonists toward Catholics was in- tense, and laws were passed by which no Catholic could hold office, or vote, or keep arms, or own a horse, or even be a witness in any cause, civil or criminal. Papists were driven out of the colony, or out of the fold ; and when the Irish emigrants landed on its shores their reception was so hostile that they re-embarked for Montserrat, in the West Indies. The laws enacted by the first proprietors held out such induce- ments that it was to the interests of shipmasters to bring over as many, and of the colonists to buy as many redemptioners as their means would permit, as it meant for them larger concessions of territory. " We do hereby grant unto all persons who have al- ready adventured to the said Province of Nova Caesarea, or shall transport themselves, 1 50 acres of land, English measure ; and for every able servant he shall carry with him 1 50 acres ; and for every weaker servant or slave, male or female, exceeding the age of fourteen years, seventy -five acres of land ; and for every Chris- tian servant, exceeding the age aforesaid, after the expiration of their time of service, seventy-five acres of land for their own use (The Concessions and Agreements of the Lord Proprietors of the Province of Nova Caesarea)." In the press of the middle of the eighteenth century may be found curious advertisements for such redemptioners who would from time to time take French leave. Forty Sillings Reward Little Britain Township, Lancaster County, June, 1769. Between the Sixth and Seventh day, Mary Nowland ran away; Her age I know not but appears To be at least full twenty years ; The same religion with the Pope. Penn. Gazette, jFi/ne 2g, Tj6g. Sept. 4, 1769. The Morning of this very day, My servant, John Stoge ran away, He came from Limerick the last fall, He's five feet seven inches tall. i8 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH He reads very well and writes a good hand, And arithmetic does well understand, As he can well use the scrivener's tool. He will incline to teach a school. Penn. Gazette, Sept. 28, 1769. About three thousand Alsatians came to Pennsylvania by invi- tation of the proprietors in 1682, who, says their historian, "while they were building their homes dwelt in caves and rude huts." Many of them settled at Haycock on the banks of the Dela- ware, and kept the faith alive across the river in West Jersey. Their descendants found their way as far north as New Bruns- wick, and, unlike many offshoots of sturdy Catholic stock, are still loyal to the religion of their forefathers, and among them to-day are the Witts, Hunridges, and others. A great deal of stress and an exaggerated importance has been laid by non-Catholic writers on the numbers of Huguenots who came to this country after the revocation of the edict of Nantes, 1685, and some claim that as many as half a million were driven from France, and most of them found shelter, refuge, and a wd- come in the colonies from Nova Scotia to Florida. "Weiss," says Gilmary Shea, "exaggerates beyond all limits the importance of that immigration, and draws an imaginary sketch of the influence exercised on America, by the French Huguenots, in agriculture, literature, politics, arts, sciences, civil- ization, and so forth. We shall be much more in truth's domain when we affirm that the French Catholic families, driven from the West Indies by the frightful consequences of the revolution, and who came to seek peace and liberty in the United States, far ex- ceeded in number the Protestant immigration of the previous cen- tury. Nay, more: Misfortune having purified their faith, these Creoles were distinguished for their attachment to religion, and often became models of American congregations. Without count- ing Martinique and Guadeloupe, the French part of San Domingo contained, in 1793, forty thousand whites. All emigrated to escape being massacred by the blacks. Many mulattoes followed them, and of this mass of emigrants a great part settled in the United States " (De Courcey-Shea's History of Catholics in United States, p. 74). Now and then in some martial achieve- ment, or by the betrayal of some racial weakness, or an outburst of genius and learning — for which the Celt has ever thirsted, and, possessing, has ever been eager to impart to others — there flashes IN NEW JERSEY 19 forth from the gloom a name, unmistakably indicative of the na- tionality and religion of its bearer. Perchance it is a pursuit, or an exploit, mayhap, the result of a perverted morality, but always a pointer, fixing our attention on the many-sided character of the sons of Erin, whether in commercial enterprises or in the ar- rested development of the better part of his nature, when deprived of the help and aid of religion. Shortly before the outbreak of the Revolution, Brant and his savages were devastating the settlements in what are now the counties of Warren and Sussex with fire and tomahawk. The hardy pioneers rallied together in common defence, and, armed with their muskets, marched forth to meet the cruel foe; and, near the water of the Minisink, the fierce conflict raged long and doubtful, till at last the Indians fled, leaving on the field many of their dead and wounded. The settlers, too, suffered severely, and among the slain was one Thomas Dunn. We read again that Christopher Beekman, son of Col. Ger- ardus Beekman, one of Leisler's council^all of whom were pro- nounced guilty of treason, their estates forfeited, and themselves sentenced to be hung — a large land-owner in Somerset County, was united by marriage to Maria Delaney, in New York, January 28th, 1704. Of their eight children four were daughters — Cor- nelia, Magdalene, Maria, and Katherine. As one rides from Pluckamin toward Somerville there stands an old house near a brook, built in 1756, by Squire Later ty, and known in the old surveys as the " Laferty House." Laferty was an Irish emigrant who lived there with his wife and their daugh- ter Ruth, a handsome girl, but of questionable morals. A fellow- countryman and former friend of the- squire once called on him, and was guilty of the heinous offence of wearing his hat in pres- ence of the august upholder of the law. The squire commanded him to remove it. " You gray lampreen," retorted the incensed visitor, " to command me thus \ You roasted praties many a time by my fireside when you had no hearth of yoiu" own." Ruth, his daughter, brought sorrow to the family, when the wild, dissolute offspring of an illicit union — handsome and way- ward as his moth-er — was the first and, to 1 873, the only white man ever executed in Somerset County. The jail, a rickety affair, was in charge of one O'Brien, over six feet tall, a strapping, bald, and fearless man from Virginia. In this neighborhood lived also at that time John McBride, who came from Ireland late in the eighteenth century, and settled 20 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH in Lamington ; and an " old " Mr. Boylen kept a store in Pluck- amin. Others there were connected with tragedies to which, perhaps, they had been driven by their cruel taskmasters. In 1750 Daniel O'Brien, "who," according to the N. Y. Ga- zette Review in the Weekly Post Boy, "put up at Mr. John Thompson's at the Thistle and Crown, known by the name of 'Scotch Johnney's,' gives notice to 'Gentlemen and Ladies' that he conducts a Stage boat ... if Wind and Weather permit " from New York to Amboy and thence by stage to Bordentown, where another stage boat runs to Philadelphia. The rates are the same as between New Brunswick and Trenton and " the roads gener- ally drier" (Lee, i., 233). The broad liberality of the Friends tolerated the presence of Roman Catholics in West Jersey. Among the French servants of Dr. Daniel Cbxe, at Cape May, earlier than 1700, there were probably many Catholics. " It has not been clearly demonstrated that John Tatham, about whose title to the governorship of West Jersey there was dispute, was not a Catholic. Certain it is that his library, which over- looked his famous garden in Burlington, contained books of Cath- olic theology, a rare circumstance, indeed, considering that two centuries had elapsed since any library of a theological partisan was filled with volumes dealing only with one side of the question " (Lee, iii., 319). Tatham, whose name, it appears, was an alias for John Gray, was not only Dr. Coxe's agent, but the owner of lands in Neshanning, Pa. Griffin, in his Researches, says : " We are now satisfied that 'John Gray ye R. C was John Tatham whose career was so fully told in October, 1888 (July, 1890, p. 109)." Of his title to be considered one of the governors of New Jer- sey, an excellent authority says : " So averse were the opponents of the proprietors to the re-establishment of their authority, that for a time the public sentiment was in favor of a continuance of this state of comparatively imperfect organization as a govern- ment. For, on the arrival of Hamilton in England and the death of Governor Barclay, October 3d, 1690, the proprietors appointed John- Tatham to be their governor, and subsequently, in 1691, Col. Joseph Dudley, but both nominees the people scrupled to obey, on what ground is not stated (W. A. Whitehead, Coll. N.J. Hist. Soc., i., 2d rev. ed., p. 185). To Tatham belongs the credit of initiating the pottery indus- try, as he built the first pottery on this side of the Atlantic. IN NEW JERSEY 21 The inventory of his effects includes, among other things: "Church Plate," i handle cup, i small plate, i box ;^io. 12; i small case, £\. 2.t; i universal dial; i round armed silver cruci- fix ; I plate of St. Dominique, i small silver box vv^ith reliques, i wooden cross with image of Christ, £1. \2. In his library were: " Pontifical Rome," Sir Thomas More's works, " Liturgy of Ye Mass," "Faith Vindicated," "Theologia Naturalis," "No Cross, No Crown," " Consideration of Ye Council of Trent," " Necessity of the Church of God," "Bibli Vulgati," "A Survey of Ye New Religion," "The Following of Christ," "Theologia Moralis," " Office of Ye Blessed Virgin " in French, " A Mass of Pious Thoughts," "Ambrosia Officia," "Defence of Catholic Faith." There were four hundred and seventy-eight volumes by actual count, mostly with Latin titles, treating of church discipline, com- mentaries on the Scripture, law, logic, theology, controversy, his- tory, medicine, music, astronomy, and kindred subjects. The spirit of intolerance outlined in the Instructions of Queen Anne was not soon allayed; and the so-called Negro Plot of 1741 gave the fanatics an opportunity to show their spleen against the Catholic Church, and to accentuate how criminally unjust even educated men may be when they permit themselves to be swayed by passion and bigotry. All this is evident in the trial and con- viction of John Ury, about whose priestly character there has been much contention. Despite the opinion of Bishop Bayley to the contrary, it seems to be about certain that he was a Catholic priest. John Ury, a priest, began teaching school in Burlington, N. J., June 1 8th, 1739, and remained there twelve months. After a while he went to New York, engaged again in teaching, and received his board gratis (Horsemanden's Account of Negro Plot, 1744). During his stay it appears that he celebrated Mass pri- vately in his room, first locking the door to ensure privacy. There is also evidence that he administered infant baptism. In April, 1741, he was engaged to teach school by John Campbell, and resided with him. In Campbell's house he had a private room, in which Father Ury had erected a temporary altar, and in it he gathered a number of persons, to whom he preached, and for whom, no doubt, he offered the holy Sacrifice; but he was ever careful not to expose himself to the severe legal penalties by appearing in the garb of a priest or noisily exercising his priestly office. He lived in so much obscurity, his conduct was so blame- aa THE CATHOLIC CHURCH less; and his deportment so humble, that he escaped censure, although he was known to not a few as a Catholic priest. The so-called Negro Plot, in 1741, enkindled the passions of the mul- titude and gave rise " to confusion and alarm, to folly, frenzy, and injustice, which scarcely has a parallel in this or any other country " {American Colonial Trials, Peleg W. Chandler, Boston, 1844). The result of this delusion was the hanging of four whites, the burning of eleven and the hanging of eighteen negroes, and the transportation to the West Indies to be sold as slaves of fifty. The examinations and trial had gone on for three months without any attempt to connect Father Ury with the plot. On the flimsiest kind of testimony, all the accused, together with John Ury, whose principal offence was his " being a priest, made by the authority of the pretended See of Rome" — "the heinous- ness of this prisoner's offences, and of the Popish religion in gen- eral" — were condemned, and Ury was hanged. Campbell, who wrote the Life and Times of Archbishop Car- roll, is of the opinion that Ury was a Catholic priest, but Bishop Bayley differs from him and thinks that he was a non-juror {Hist. C. C. on Island of N. K, p. 46). In the centennial sermon preached by Father Clarke at St. Joseph's Church, Philadelphia, the preacher stated Mass had been celebrated in the City of Brotherly Love as early as 1686, but there is no evidence that any chapel was built there prior to 1733, when its Catholic population amounted to forty persons. The summer of 1732 was very hot, and the winter of 1732-33 very severe. In the spring of 1733 Father Greaton, who had been visiting the Catholics of Philadelphia as early as 1 720, was sent to build a chapel and take up his permanent residence within its limits. Although the land was bought from John Dixon and his wife Mary, there is no other name than that of " Mary " on the legal transfer from the original patent in 1701-02; and thus it happened that the first Catholic church in Philadelphia was erected on Mary's land, and placed under the patronage of St. Joseph. A certain Jacob Duche gives the following pen description of the chapel : Mr. Harding was so obliging as to invite my friend, the merchant, and myself to spend an hour with him in his little Carthusian cell, as he called it. This small apartment adjoins an old Gothic chapel, and together with another opposite to it (which is occupied by an assistant German priest, viz., Father Farmer) forms a kind of porch, through which you enter the chapel (January 14th, 1772). IX NEW JERSEY n Father Greatons congregation was made up of twenty-two Irish and the rest Germans. This jcood priest labored among his Httle flock, with occasional assistance from Manland, untU 1741, when the Rev. Henr}- Xeale arrived from ^larjland in the month of March, having been prevented from coming earlier b\- the deep snows of the winter. He found the good repute of the Catholics somewhat exaggerated, yet "" the congregation a growing one " ; but that one priest was as }et sufficient, an assistant being needed OLD ST. JOSEPH S CHURCH, PHILADELPHIA. " Y.'hence radiated the living streams of grace " (page 23), for the country Catholics, some of whom lived sixty mUes away. They " were \"er)- poor and most of them are servants or poor tradesmen." St. Joseph's was the first parish house of Catholicity in Penn- sylvania, Xew Jersey, and New York for at least fourscore years. This was the centre whence radiated the living streams of grace to wherever a faithful child of the Church was found, and by its faithful, saintl}- priests was fostered and nourished the little mus- tard seed now grown into so noble and statel\- a tree. The old church is a shrine worthy of our veneration, for underneath its altars are buried the earthly remains of those " who sowed in H THE CATHOLIC CHURCH tears, that we might reap with joy." Father Greaton remained at his lonely post until 1750. His successor, the Rev. Robert Harding, came to this country from England in 1732. When he arrived in Philadelphia, August, 1749, it was a city of two thou- sand homes. * Father Harding " is the first priest to have visited New Jersey, whose labors could not have been prior to 1762" (De Courcey- Shea). This is hardly accurate, for we have seen that other priests had visited and exercised their sacred ministry in Eliza- bethtown and Woodbridge at the close of the seventeenth cen- tury, and very likely at a much later period. Father Harding died September 2d, 1772, in the seventieth year of his age, and is buried under the altar of St. Mary's. The priest of that venerable sanctuary most closely identified with Catholicity in New Jersey was the Rev. Ferdinand Farmer, whose family name was Steinmeyer. This truly apostolic man and devoted and indefatigable missionary was born at Swabia, Germany, October 13th, 1720. He entered the Company of Jesus at Landerperge, September 26th, 1743, and was selected for the China Mission; but the "finger of God" intervened and the young priest was sent to this country. No picture of him is ex- tant; but we are told that he was "of slender form, having a countenance mild, gentle, and bearing an expression almost seraphic." It appears that he arrived in Philadelphia in 1758, and from that time until he was called to his reward, August 17th, 1786, he was untiring in his labors for the salvation of souls. Every spring and every autumn saw him starting off on his journey along the Delaware River, across country to Long Pond (now Greenwood Lake), Mount Hope, Macopin, New York City, Basking Ridge, Trenton, and Salem. While good Father Farmer was one of the first apostles who spent himself in carrying the comforts of religion to the little com- munities scattered over New Jersey, he was by no means the first missionary priest, nor, after his death, were the Catholics totally abandoned. The names of these zealous, godly men are blotted out with their heroic deeds, but they are graven in the Book of Life. It is nigh impossible for us to realize the perils, discom- forts, and risks they encountered in their journeyings. The roads, at best, were only paths and Indian trails, of which one led from Philadelphia to Delaware Falls, now Trenton, north- easterly to Indian's Ferry, now New Brunswick, thence to Eliza- IN NEW JERSEY 25 r-^ ^^EIS^E^'''' (& ''^'aA^H^^^^IBs ''3^^^^^^I ^^^^^* '^^^■^i^^l^&0^t^^^B^tf^lHH99^^^r^ k' flKS^Bnik^ i^^^^^^^^^l^^^^^^^^^^^^l /: . ^ i(r-J-^--2^f :.:!»! ¥ ''Mm ,■■- 0^'fA if!^ ^I^^^BM^HIKr^aH^H ^^^HE^;!^^'"'^^ :^ g^ ^^i^S^E^H W§m io B^^l^-' ''^ff|Si \f3 FATHER FARMER. One of " these men of God, sometimes fin horsebauk, . . . trudg-ing throiag-h the forests . . . welcomed as an angel sent from God " (page 26). 26 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH bethtown, where wayfarers were carried by boat to New York. From a point near Rahway another trail, starting from Navesink, on the Shrewsbury River, led to Minisink Island, in the extreme north, in the Delaware River. In West Jersey a road extended from Trenton to Crosswicks, thence to Burlington, to Trenton, to Salem, and later to Coh^nzy Bridge, now Bridgeton. But be- tween New Brunswick and Trenton lay a narrow waste of thirty miles of country, which, owing to the unpleasant relations between the two sections, remained for a long time a barrier which barred communication. Through this wilderness was an Indian trail, along or near which the Legislature of 1795 ordered a road to be constructed. Picture, then, these men of God, sometimes on horseback, sometimes afoot, with their sack strapped across their back, containing the altar-stone, vestments, chalice, and wine for the Sacrifice, trudging through the forests, over mountains, cross- ing streams and rivers in the rude "dugouts," picking their way through the swamps, at times wet to the skin by the tempests which overtook them, again almost prostrated by the intolerable heats, resting under the shelter of the trees or in some rude cabin, perhaps of one hostile to their faith, or in the humble home of an exiled child of the Church, who welcomed them as an angel sent from God. " I remember," said Bishop McQuaid, " one of my visits to Franklin Furnace. While driving along the wretched road I remarked a dilapidated stone house, and, hearing the noise of my buggy, a woman came to the door. I greeted her, as I always did those I met, and I suspected from her accent that she was Irish. I soon learned that she was both Irish and a Catholic and that she kept boarders. There were three rooms in the house — a kitchen, and two others which served as bedrooms. After I saw that my horse was cared for, I asked if she could accommo- date me for the night. She showed me a room in which were two beds, and pointing to one she informed me that I could sleep in it, and her sister and herself would sleep in the other. F"or supper we had some soggy bread. Afterward I heard confessions, and then went to the bed assigned to me; but the odors were too much for me, and I returned to the kitchen, saying that I would read my oiSce. I was a long- time at that office, and meanwhile the tallow-dip was growing smaller. A thought flashed across my mind. I went out to my buggy, and, wrapping myself in the horse-blankets, passed the night tolerably well. ' Morning came, bright and early, I heard more confessions, began Mass, preached a sermon, as I always did, rubbing it into them that though iso- IN NEW JERSEY 27 lated from their priests they must remain staunch to the Church and live up to its laws, gave holy Communion, and then sat down to breakfast. But again that soggy bread, together with a very much salted mackerel, swimming in grease. It was too much for my stomach, so bidding them Godspeed I started again on my journey, and did not break my fast till evening." But this is modern history, and the discomforts of the priests of that day, grave enough indeed, were as nothing compared with their earlier brethren in the missionary field. Some time in the middle of the eighteenth century, three brothers, Sebastian, Ignatius, and Xavier Waas, fled from their native country, Germany, to avoid the military conscription so tyrannically exercised at that time, and, landing at Philadelphia, crossed over into West Jersey, and, taking up an Indian trail, through moor and morass, across streams, and through the for- ests, made their way to the north side of a beautiful stream of water, known now as Clark's or O'Neill's branch, in Waterford Township, Gloucester County, and there built a square ahd com- fortable cabin of cedar logs. This rude dwelling they called Shane's Castle, but the Celtic aroma that lingers about the name of the adjacent stream would lead one to believe that some lone wanderer from Erin had preceded them, and seeing, perhaps, some resemblance to another dear spot far over the great ocean, gave it a name which even the Indians respected, and which clung to it after he, like so many others of his countrymen, had passed into oblivion. However, by that name was it known and enshrined by tradition. The memory of one of the brothers, Sebastian, is hallowed with a pretty romance. Before his flight from fatherland he had plighted his troth to a plucky Gretchen who vowed to follow after him whithersoever he went. She escaped the vigilance of her parents, and before they could overtake her she was safe aboard a sailing-vessel, bound for Philadelphia. Sebastian's vigil was a long one, but his faith in his spouse was unshaken, and, at last, after a long voyage, the ship landed her human freight safe on the Delaware's shores. But, alas ! Sebastian was unable to bring her to his home and brethren, for, having no money wherewith to pay her passage, she was to be sold as a " redemptioner." This did not disconcert Sebastian, for with his trusty gun he soon secured pelts sufficent to defray all expenses, and with his loved one, now doubly cherished because of his efforts to save her from temporary serfdom, went to a priest 28 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH in Philadelphia, who blessed their union. The brothers welcomed their new sister, and another charm was added to their sylvestral home. Furthermore, they were to erect a shrine where the mys- teries of their religion were to be celebrated, and thither came, not once but often, good Father Farmer, who kept alive in their and their neighbors' hearts the fire of faith. There is scarcely any doubt that holy Mass was offered for the first time in Shane's Castle, the home of the Waas. Here the little seed was cast that was destined to grow into a mighty tree. His records show that Father Farmer christened five children of this union. Two daughters survived, married, and inherited the estate ; but the memory of the old castle has almost entirely faded away. It seems that time did not soften the asperity or hostility either of the ruling powers abroad or of their subjects in these colonies toward our religion. George H in 1753 proclaimed an ordinance which was not only not less bitter, but more provocative than the instructions of William and Mary. "To the Governor, Council, and General Assembly of our Province of New Jersey, 13th day of October, 1753. " Oath prescribed for all civil and military officers. " I, A. B., do swear. That I from my heart abhor, detest, and abjure, as impious and heretical, that Damnable Doctrine and Position, that Princes, excommunicated or deprived by the Pope or any authority of the See of Rome, may be deprived or murdered by their subjects or any other whatsoever. " I, A. B., do solemnly swear and sincerely in the presence of God, Profess, Testify, and Declare, That I do solemnly believe that in the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper there is not any Tran- substantiation of the Elements of Bread and Wine into the Body and Blood of Christ, at or after the Consecration thereof by any person whatsoever. And that the Invocation or Adoration of the Virgin Mary, or any other Saint, and the Sacrifice of the Mass as they are now used in the Church of Rome, are Superstitious and Idolatrous, etc., etc." With this as a cue, we need marvel not that in his Instructions, in 1758, Gov. Francis Bernard orders, "You are to permit a Liberty of Conscience to all persons (except Papists)." Lest he should forget it, Father Farmer had this slip pasted on the fly- sheet of his register. The forbears of our present non-Catholic brethren had thus the spirit of intolerance and hostility to Cath- olics so rubbed into them that an occasional ebullition of this IN NEW JERSEY 29 same spirit in our day may be pardoned. Of all human weak- nesses, fanaticism dies the hardest. And withal these protagonists of pure religion were exceedingly superstitious. Ghosts, witches, phantoms, and papists haunted their imaginations and confused their thoughts. The witch scare which disturbed the Puritans of Charlestown and Salem in the seventeenth century seems to have disturbed the equanimity of the Quakers living in Burlington. A noble buttonwood tree standing on beautiful Green Bank, the former residence of William Franklin when governor of New Jersey, was known as "The Witches' Tree," and around it was woven a legend of spectral dames astride of broomsticks, soaring to the stars with the speed of forked lightning. This is one of the verses of the song they were heard to sing : First Witch. I saw Dame Brady sitting alone, And I dried up the marrow within her hip bone. When she arose she could scarcely limp. Why did I do it? She called me foul imp ! About this same time, 1765, a tragic event occurred in Bur- lington by which two of our co-religionists paid the penalty of a crime which to-day would have been punished with a term of im- prisonment. On Wednesday, August 28th, 1765, at Gallows Hill, Burlington, John Grimes and John Fagan, Catholics, were exe- cuted for burglary and felony, committed at the home of Joseph Burr. Grimes was twenty-two years old, Fagan twenty-eight. The chronicles of Burlington contain a sketch of a singular and mysterious character. " Four miles from hence, a recluse person, who came a stranger, has existed alone, near twelve years, in a thick wood, through all the extremities of the seasons, under cover of a few leaves, supported by the side of an old log, and put together in the form of a small oven, not high or long enough to stand upright or lie extended ; he talks Dutch, but unintelligibly, either through design or from defect in his intellects, 'tis hard to tell which ; whence he came or what he is nobody about him can iind out ; he has no contrivance to keep fire, nor uses any ; in very cold weather he lies naked, stops the hole he creeps in and out with leaves ; he mostly keeps in his hut, but sometimes walks before it, lies on the ground, and cannot be persuaded to work much, nor obliged without violence to forsake this habit, which he appears to delight in, and to enjoy full health; he seems to be 30 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH upward of forty years of age ; as to person rather under the mid- dle size; calls himself Francis " (Smith, N. J., 495). Another account is : " With several friends in a couple of light wagons went to see the hermit in a wood this side of Mount Holly. " He is a person thought to have travelled along from Canada or Mississippi about ten years ago. He talks no English, and will give no account of himself" (Diary of Hannah Callender, 1762, 6th mo., 5th day. Pa. Mag., January, 1769, p. 456). Burlington, January 28th, 1778. On the 19th inst. died Francis Furgler, the hermit, in the sixty-sixth year of his age, who existed alone twenty-five years, in a thick wood four miles from Burlington, through all the inclem- encies of the season, without fire, in a cell, made by the side of an old log, in the form of a small oven, not high or long enough to stand upright or lie extended. It was supposed he intended this mode as a penance for some evil done in his own country. He was a German — a Catholic, and was buried in the Friends' Ground at Mount Holly (Watson's Annals, ii., 292). Francis Furgler, age sixty-six, a hermit who had existed twenty-five years alone, died January 19th, 1778. " He was found dead in his cell with a crucifix and a brass fish by his side " (Moore's '' Diary of Rev.," ii., 8). " The earliest account that we have of Catholics in New Jer- sey is in 1744, when we read that Father Theodore Schneider, a distinguished German Jesuit who had professed philosophy and theology in Europe, and been rector of a university, coming to the American provinces, visited New Jersey and held church at Iron Furnaces there. This good missionary was a native of Bavaria. He founded the mission at Goshenhoppen, now in Berks County, Pa., about forty-five miles from Philadelphia, and minis- tered to German Catholics, their descendants and others. Hav- ing some skill in medicine, he used to cure the body as well as the soul; and travelling about on foot or on horseback under the name of Doctor Schneider (leaving to the Smelfunguses to dis- cover whether he were of medicine or of divinity), he had access to places where he would not otherwise have gone without per- sonal danger ; but sometimes his real character was found out, and he was several times raced and shot at in New Jersey. He used to carry about with him on his missionary excursions into this IN NEW JERSEY 31 province a manuscript copy of the 'Roman Missal,' carefully written out in his own handwriting and bound by himself. His poverty or the difficulty of procuring printed Catholic liturgical books from Europe, or, we are inclined to think, the danger of discovery should such an one with its unmistakable marks of 'Popery' about it (which he probably dispensed with in his manu- script) fall into the hands of heretics, must have led him to this labor of patience and zeal. Father Schneider, who may be reck- oned the first missionary in New Jersey, died on the eleventh of July, 1764. Another Jesuit used to visit the province occasionally after 1762, owing to the growing infirmities of Father Schneider, and there still exist records of baptisms performed by him here " {The Catholic World m 1875). In his Life and Times of Archbishop Carroll, Campbell writes of one of the oldest, if not the oldest. Catholic settlement in New Jersey : " It is known that Rev. Mr. Harding, who was a priest in Philadelphia in 1762, occasionally visited New Jersey, and Rev. F. Farmer for many years performed missionary duty in that State at several places. In his baptismal register the following among other places are named: Geiger's, 1759; Charlottenburgh, 1769; in the year 1776 Morris County, Long Pond, and Mount Hope; and in 1785 Sussex County, Ringwood, and Hunterdon. " In his semi-annual visits to New York, which were continued to the year of his death in 1786, Father Farmer visited an inter- esting Catholic settlement known then and later as Macopin (now Echo Lake). Macopin was settled by a colony of Germans from the Rhine, near Cologne, who came to New Jersey to engage in the iron industry, which opened up about the middle of the eigh- teenth century." The following notice appeared in the Freeman s Journal, New York: " One of the oldest and most interesting Catholic congrega- tions in the whole country is to be found in Macopin, this wild little place, fifteen miles distant from Paterson. The first settle- ment was made here by two German families some time before the American Revolution. They were a long time without seeing a priest, till at length a Mr. Langrey, from Ireland, paid them a visit. After this the Rev. Father Farmer from Philadelphia visited Mount Hope, in the vicinity of Macopin, twice a year He continued doing so for ten years, during which time the Revo- lution took place. These semi-annual visits were afterward con- 32 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH tinued by Mr. Malnix, Mr. Katen, and Mr. Kresgel. The last- named priest was a German, and visited tiiem first in 1775." Some years ago the duties of his sacred ministry brought the writer to Mrs. Littell, then almost a nonogenarian, but intellectu- ally bright and radiantly reminiscent. As she talked of the old times her eye would kindle and the color come to her wrinkled cheeks, and a cheery laugh would accentuate the humorous inci- dents which now and then would sparkle through her narrative. On my return to the rectory I jotted down, as far as I could remember, the salient points of her story, clothing it as far as possible in her own language, and gave it to the first number of the Sacred Heart Union for publication under the title " Grand- mother's Reminiscences." Care was taken that she deceived a copy, and as she read it for the family — that was her self-imposed task and office — she cried out to her daughter : " Why, Mary, this is what I was telling Father Flynn the other day ! " As it gives a vivid portrayal of that ancient stronghold of Catholic faith — stronghold is used advisedly, for such it has proven to be, since the generations of that sturdy stock are all stanch Catholics today — it is here reproduced: " I came from a little town in the County Cavan, adjoining Fermanagh and Monaghan, to this country in i8i6. I will pass over the long and stormy voyage across the Atlantic, and begin my story with my arrival in New York. In those days two sail- boats served as a ferry to convey passengers. One went to Paulus Hook, now Jersey City, and the other to the Elysian Fields, Ho- boken. We crossed over to Paulus Hook, and hiring a wagon we started out on our journey to Caldwell. There was only one street then in Jersey City, and it was called the Rope Walk. After riding all day long we arrived in the evening at Caldwell. There was not a single Catholic in the neighborhood. You may imagine how strangely we felt, and you will not be surprised that in a few months we moved to Macopin, where we heard there was quite a gathering of Catholics. A year or two before our arrival Charley O'Brien died in Newfoundland, some miles distant from Macopin. He went there as a school-teacher, saved his money, bought his land, built factories, and soon was the wealth- iest man in that section. He owned as far as he could see, and was the first to build bark factories and an iron mill. Charley took sick and sent to New York for a priest. The priest came all the way on horseback, and the close-fisted man gave him five dollars for his trouble. He left him, however, fifty dollars in his IN NEW JERSEY 23 will, but his heirs never executed the wish of their father, and the priest never received his legacy. But his possessions melted away, and eventually his own son died in the poor-house. " John Gormley arrived there four or five years before we did, but his children intermarried with Protestants, and one of his grandsons is now a Methodist minister. Oh, yes, there were the McGees of Wynockie ; but they clung to the faith, and although their descendants have experienced many ups and downs in life, they are all stanch Catholics. Then there were the Littells, a family who came from Ireland. Mr. Littell was a cooper and the most influential man in the settlement. To him was deputed the duty of examining the credentials of the visiting priests so as to secure the faithful few from impostors, and to his house they always came and partook of the old-fashioned hospitality. Not only priests, but every poor exile from Erin was directed thither, and scarcely a day passed that some stranger did not accept of a generous meal and comfortable bed, under the roof-tree of the Littells. I remember one night, coming in from his .shop, Mr. Littell met a poor fellow warming himself at the log fire. He began : ' Well, my man, where do you come from } ' ' From County Cavan, sir.' 'Ah, and perhaps you know William Lit- tell .?' meaning his cousin. 'Troth, I do. Bad luck to him! for if it wasn't for him I wouldn't be here.' " The topic was immediately changed. " Thirty years before we came, a Father Farmer, from Phila- delphia, had visited Macopin, and not a priest had the Catholics seen since. I remember one day seeing a man coming up the road in short coat and knee-breeches ; as soon as he spoke I knew he was an Irishman, and thought he was a school-teacher. He inquired for the Littells. He turned out to be a Father Langan, and he said Mass in our house two or three times. This was about 1 819. I must not forget to mention the Seehulsters, the Merrions, and the Strubles. Old Mrs. Seehulster was a remark- able woman — a regular missionary ; every Sunday she would gather the Catholics in Dominick Merrion's house, say the rosary, dis- tribute holy water, and teach the children catechism. God re- warded her, for, obeying a secret impulse. Father O'Reilly, then pastor of St. John's, Paterson, came out to Macopin, saw that this valiant woman was very ill, gave her the last rites of the Church, and an hour after she was a corpse. Then there was old Anthony Merrion, who died about 1822, having reached the good old age of one hundred and five. I remember well when Mass 3 34 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH was said for the first time in Macopin. Many of thie young Cathiolics who had never seen Mass celebrated, and Protestants who viewed the whole thing as witchcraft, crowded and hustled the old folks who were kneeling around the priest. The altar was a chest — we had no bureaus in those days. After Mass, when we were going home, old Anthony straightened his tall form, closing his fists and rapping them' sharply together. 'Oh,' said he, 'I've seen the day I could rap their heads together.' John Reardon was another of the old settlers, who with a few others and their families numbered about one hundred Catholics all told. " Our next priest was Father Bulger, a native of Ireland, a tall, handsome man, but with a beardless face. He was ordained by 'little Bishop Connolly,' as he was called, and came to us about 1820. Mr. Littell had been notified to expect a priest, and vainly looked among the passengers of the mail-coach for his Reverence. The driver told him that a passenger had booked for Macopin the night before, but had failed to put in his appearance. " Later that afternoon a stranger drove up to the- shop on horseback, and thus addressed Mr. Littell: 'Did you expect a visitor, sir .? ' 'I did, sir.' ' How did you expect him .' ' 'By the mail.' 'Might I ask whom you expected.?' 'Well,' said Mr. Littell, somewhat nettled by this crosij-examination, 'I expect a Catholic priest.' 'Well, suppose you take me for a Catholic priest.' Surveying the beardless youth from top to bottom, Mr. Littell tartly replied : 'Go back to your wooden college, sir, before you come to palm yourself off on me as a Catholic priest.' 'Per- haps,' thought Mr. Littell, ' I may after all be mistaken ; he may be a priest ' ; and giving him another searching look, he inquired : 'Am I talking to Father Bulger.?' 'You are,' said the young Father, smilingly; and his laughter drowned the apologies and put to flight the discomfiture of good Mr. Littell. Father Bulger was a regular apostle ; he tra\'elled through Hudson, Passaic, and Sussex Counties. I remember he was once invited to preach in Newton, and the Presbyterian Church was offered to him. But when the day came for the lecture the 'blue-lights' feared to admit the papist into their sanctuary. So to the dismay of the most prominent member of the congregation — an Irishman — they gave a point-blank refusal to allow him to preach in their church. Chagrined but undaunted, the Irishman went to the judge who was then presiding over the Sussex Circuit, related to him all the circumstances, and asked him to adjourn the court so that the priest might give his lecture. The court was adjourned; the IN NEW JERSEY 35 The Catholics gathered at Duiiiinick J\Ierr ion's house, Macopia, saying the rosary (page 33). 36 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH judge and a host of legal fledglings, who have since risen to fame and honor, hstened to the young priest's masterly handling of the doctrine of the Real Presence. ' I did not believe,' said an ex- United States senator — Frelinghuysen — ' that the Catholics had such solid proofs for their doctrines.' . " Returning on foot one cold wintry day, with the snow inches deep on the road, from Hohokus, where he had been saying Mass, a farmer and his wife invited him into their sleigh. Of course, the farmer's curiosity made him forget the world's politeness and institute a series of leading questions. Are you a peddler .? No. Perhaps you will open a store in town .? No. A physician .? No. A lawyer.? No. Then, may I ask, what do you do for a living.? Thus driven to the wall by the persistent questioner. Father Bulger was obliged to confess that he was a Roman Catholic priest. The good wife was horror-stricken, and commanded the dutiful Benedict to stop the horse and put the papist out ; and out he went, and he was obliged to trudge through snow and cold all the way to Paterson. Another night an attempt was made to set fire to the house in which he was living in Paterson. "He offered Mass for the first time in 1816, in Mr. Gilles- pie's house, the grandfather of Sister Genevieve, now a Sister of Charity in St. Elizabeth's Convent, Madison. There were present the Griffiths, Karrs, Burkes, Plunketts, Bradleys, Wades, Mahans, and Levasquez. Ground was afterward bought and a church built in 1822. He did not live many years, and is buried in St. Pat- rick's church-yard, New York. Fathers Conroy, O'Gorman, and Shanahan used to come out occasionally to say Mass. Then came Father Donohue, who determined to build a church. There was a great dispute as to whether it should be of logs or boards. The ' log ' partly carried the day, and Father Donohue called on Mr. Littell for his contribution. ' What is it going to be. Father ? ' 'Logs,' said he. 'Then I'll give ^10 to pull it down as soon as built.' So the matter was reconsidered, and finally 'planks' pre- vailed. In 1830 it was dedicated. The night before, a furious rain storm set in, and Father Donohue and Father Ffrench were drenched to the skin. We had a great time finding dry clothes for the poor Fathers, but could find none big enough for Father Ffrench. -I can see them now sitting before the big fire, drying their clothes and saying their office. The children had great fun with Father Ffrench, who amused them with his ventriloquism. Father Duffy next succeeded Father Donohue ; and he used to stop in Paterson with Dr. Binsse, who was a celebrated French IN NEW JERSEY 37 'The good wife was horror-stricken, :Lnd commanded the dutiful Benedict to stop the horse and put the papist " (Father Bulger) " out " (page 36). 38 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH doctor and lived on Main Street, opposite Congress Hall. Then good old Father Raffeiner came and spent one winter with us. After him came the Redemptorist Fathers Muller and Tabert. Father O'Reilly succeeded Father Duffy in Paterson. "Then came Father Quin, and the troubles which Bishop Hughes came out to quell. Then Father Senez, Father Beau- devin, Father Callan, and Father McNulty. Now you know as much about the present as I do ; but when I look back to the day when there was not a single church in New Jersey, nor a single resident priest, I feel God has blessed the fidelity of the old folks ; and I begin to feel lonesome, for almost all have gone home." Grandmother many years ago joined her compeers in the blessed reward of the saints. Bishop Bayley has this to say of Macopin : " Three German families settled at this place, some years be- fore the Revolution. They were from Baden (Silva Nigra) ; their names were Marion, Schulster, and Stobel. Stobel was a Prot- estant, but most of his descendants became Catholics. They form still a little Catholic colony, remarkable for their fervent piety. The son of the founder of the colony, Marion, who was but four years old when he came to this country, lived to be up- ward of a hundred years old. In the notice of the blessing of the church in the TriUhteller of December, 1849, he was spoken of as being one hundred and five years old, and in good health " (Bayley, 121). The Catholic Press, October 30th, 1 830, published a letter con- taining additional items of interest : ".Seventeen miles west of Paterson, at Mocassin, there is a highland ridge in Bergen County, where there are at present more than one hundred Catholics, descendants of one common stock, Mr. Meriam, who is yet living. He came from Germany to this country before the Revolution, and settled with his little family at Queen Charlotte's in the northern part of New Jersey. He has lived to see his descendants to the fifth generation, who unite a zeal for liberty with a firm attachment to the holy Catholic faith of their ancestors. They were for many years attended by Cath- olic clergyrhen from Philadelphia, among whom they frequently mention the Rev. Mr. Farmer, whose memory among them is recollected with benediction. When a bishop was sent from the Holy See to New York, the Jerseys were divided according to the old division line (which runs from Easton, Pa., to Little Egg Harbor) between the dioceses of New York and Philadelphia; so IN NEW JERSEY 39 that Mocassin, falling within the district of Paterson, was fre- quently visited b)' the Rev. Air. Bulger, and it is jileasing tn :^tate that a church has been latel\- erected m this laht-mentinncd town." The Revolutionary Period. The thread of our narrati\"e bi'ings u> now to a stirring period in the historv of our cciuntr\" and oi.ii- religion, when the da\"-^tar of religious toleration begins to dawn, and tlie plenteous stream ■— ' - -"' , 1' •- ' ^- -^ vay 'm -^ w ^ %^r ^J^U ^^SiS^fe ^^ H & koy.' m -A y r^ — ^:^' ARCHBISHOP CARROLL of blood flows from Irish hearts and from Catholic veins to sanc- tify the soil, and knit indissolubly the bonds of the children of freedom. Republics are proverbial!}- ungrateful, and i.iurs is no exception. The Irish, both the laity and the priesthood, from the 40 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH beginning gave to the struggling republic their most earnest moral and physical support. Ours might have been Canada, and these children of St. Louis our allies and brothers in the conflict, had John Jay and his stripe been at least more tactful, if not politic. When Archbishop Carroll was engaged by General Washing- ton to induce the Canadian clergy to join in the Revolutionary struggle, his mission totally failed from the lavish abuse of popery in which the old colonies — from New England to Georgia^ indulged. " Now," they said, " we believe, as you do, our religion to have been established by Jesus Christ, and that those good men and their forefathers in leaving our body made an innovation upon the unchangeable institutions of our Saviour. They complain -of the King of England as guilty of tyranny for observing the treaty which secures to us our religion, and which he appears disposed to observe. If it be tyranny' to permit us to follow the dictates of our consciences, and that those gentlemen wish to destroy tyranny, we must give up our religion in joining their union; we prefer, sir, to abide under the government of a king who is complained of for his justice to us, than to trust to the friendship of men who tell us that we are idolaters and slaves and dolts, and yet invite us to aid them against him whom they have abused for protecting us in our rights ; neither do we forget the zeal which they manifested in hunting and shooting Father Rasle and others of our mission- aries upon their borders." Thus was the aid of Canada lost by the abuse of popery (Eng- land, Works, iii., 223), and the mission of Franklin and Bishop Carroll a failure. On Bishop Carroll's return from his fruitless mission to Can- ada, he passed his time pleasantly in Philadelphia with Fathers Ferdinand Farmer and Robert Molyneux. " These reverend gen- tlemen were then engaged in laborious duties among the numerous Catholics in that city, as well as several other congregations at a distance." " Father Farmer extended his visits to New York, and organ- ized the first Catholic congregation in that city, in which there was no resident priest before 1785" ("Memoirs of Archbishop Carroll" in U. S. Catholic Magazine, April, 1844, p. 248). Notwithstanding the bitter hostility of many, if not most, of the founders of the republic, the money, the services, and the blood of Catholics were placed on the altar of our country's lib- erty, and never did they once swerve from their allegiance in IN NEW JERSEY 41 defeat, hunger, and cold. Of the foreign officers of our faith may be mentioned Lafayette, Du Coudray, Rochambeau, Roche de Fermoy, Kosciusko, de la Neuville, Armand, and Duportail. From Bunker Hill to Yorktown, whether in Dillon's old brigade of the French allies, or in the Pennsylvania or Maryland line, Irish hearts throbbed to the music of the drum, and never faltered on land or sea, whether under Saucy Dick Barry, or Moylan, or Fitzgerald, to display the traditional bravery which has won for them the laurel of victory on the battlefields of every nation except their own. Montgomery, Sullivan, Knox, Wayne, Irving, Thompson, Stewart, Moylan, Butler, all Irish by birth or by descent, whose very names awaken memories of glorious deeds, by which our liberties were achieved and the colonies made one, free, and inde- pendent. And every child knows the services rendered to the republic by Charles Carroll of Carrolton, and his illustrious cousin the first bishop of Baltimore. None was more conscious, more appreciative of these services than the Father of his Country — the immortal Washington. " I presume that your fellow-citizens will not forget the patriotic part which you took in the accomplishment of their Revolution and the establishment of their government, or the important as- sistance which they received from a nation in which the Roman Catholic faith is professed " (" Reply of Washington to Address of Roman Catholics "). Hodnett says that next to George Wash- ington Bishop Carroll rendered the most valuable services to the colonies. It was Carroll who induced the Pope to use his influ- ence with the French King in behalf of the colonies. Franklin was in Paris, as an envoy from this country, to enlist the services and financial aid of France in the struggle which was becoming desperate. His success was meagre, and he was in despair.- One day the papal nuncio roused him from his stupor : " Mr. Franklin, Mr. Franklin, I have good news for you. I have just secured the promise of the King to send over a French army and navy to aid 3'our countrymen." Franklin, astonished and delighted, clasped the hand of the nuncio. " Oh ! " said he, " convey to his Holi- ness, the Pope, m)' thanks in the name of the American people. We shall never, no never, forget Rome." " Mr. Franklin," replied the nuncio, " you must thank Father Carroll, for he it was who induced the Pope to send me here in the interest of the American people." Of Bishop Carroll, Washington said : " Of all men whose influ- 42 THE CATHOLIC CHURCM ence was most potent in securing the success of the Revolutiorij Bishop Carroll, of Baltimore, was the man." So, too, thought King George of England, who called Bishop Carroll " Washing- ton's Richelieu, who got the Pope of Rome to use his influence with the French court for the Americans." When William Pitt asked the King to sign the Emancipation Bill in favor of Ireland, the King replied : " I will sign no bill granting Catholic Emanci- pation, after the action taken by the bishop of Baltimore. He detached America from my dominion by aid of the French army and navy, and the force of Irish Catholics. No, no, Mr. Pitt, you need not stop to argue the question with me ; my mind is made up on that point." So innocent, helpless, prostrate Ireland was punished for Bishop Carroll's patriotism and her children's devo- tion to the cause of freedom, and had to bear the yoke of slavery for twenty years longer. Meanwhile, John Wesley, the founder of Methodism — the sect which claims to possess the only true brand of patriotism^ — was denouncing the colonists for their treason ; and the Presbyterians anathematized our Constitution ! In the light of future events, it is well to keep these facts to the forefront. The stream^^ of emi- gration began again to set toward America from Ireland, France, and the West Indian islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique. The Maryland Journal, published in Baltimore, August 20th, 1773, has the following: "New York, August 12th. — Within this fortnight 3,500 pas- sengers have arrived at Philadelphia from Ireland." "Philadelphia, August nth. — Since our last arrived here, the ship Alexander, Captain Hunter, with 500 passengers; and the ship Hannah, Captain Mitchell, with 550, both from Londonderry. The ship Walworth, Captain McCausland, sailed from London- derry for South Carolina about June ist, with 300 passengers and servants, who were obliged to leave their native country, not for their misbehavior, but on account of the great distress among the middle and lower classes." It would seem that Ireland even at that time was sending more than her quota of emigrants to people America. Philadel- phia then could not have had more than 20,000 of a population, and this addition of 3,500 was equal to one-sixth of its population {Cath. Family Aim., 1877, p. jy'). The unhappy Acadians, torn from their homes most cruelly, in 1756, were scattered along the coast from Maine to Carolina, but in a few years almost every trace of them was lost. But the emi- IN NEW JERSEY 4j gration of the French took place at various periods, mainly at the negro insurrection in San Domingo and at the outbreak of the French Revolution. A great number settled in different sections of New Jersey, and later on will be seen their influence on relig- ion in these respective localities. " We affirm," says Shea, "that the French Catholic familes, driven from the West Indies by the frightful consequences of the Revolution, and who came to seek peace and liberty in the United States, far exceeded the Protest- ant immigration of the seventeenth century. Without counting Martinique and Guadeloupe, the French part of San Domingo con- tained in 1793 forty thousand whites. All emigrated to escape being massacred by the blacks; many mulattoes followed them, and of this mass of emigrants a great part settled in the United States" {Hist, of Cat h. Church, p. 74). Of all these strangers coming to our shores at this period, it may be said that it was the initial impulse of that tide of sturdy, sterling, adventurous spirits — sufficiently daring to hazard the perils of the deep, the horrors and uncertainty of a long voyage, stout-hearted enough to cut away from the dearest ties that hold a man to his native land and kindred, possessed of those virtues which promote the best results in the sphere of civics, commerce, and religion, and destined eventually, like bread cast upon the waters, to leaven the older world with the fruit of these triple blessings. In the dark and trying days of our struggle many instances might be cited to illustrate the devotion of the impulsive Celt, too ready to resent a wrong, but always willing to forgive it. When, in July, 1778, the Americans met in Wyoming with a crushing defeat, among the captured was an old man named Fitzgerald. He was placed on a flax-brake, and told he must renounce his rebel principles and declare for the King, or die. " Well," said the patriotic old fellow, " I am old, and I have little time to live anyhow, and I had rather die now a friend of my country, than live ever so long and die a Tory." The British were magnanimous enough to let him go (Miner's Hist, of Wyoming, p. 200). But our own little State was the theatre on which is written in ineffaceable lines the hero- ism of our ancestors, not only men, but women. The son of an Irish emigrant, James E. Kelly, the sculptor, a genius whose name is little known in our day, but is destined to be ranked among the masters when future generations will think less of pelf and more of art, has carved in eternal bronze, on the battle- field of Monmouth, the heroism of the Irish lass — Molly Pitcher, or, before her marriage, plain Mary McCauley. Of her Lossing 44 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH says: "She was a sturdy young camp-follower, only twenty-two years of age, ami in cle\'otion to her husband, who was a cannoneer, she illustrated the chai'acter of her countiywonien of the Emerald Isle. In the battle of Monmouth, while her husband was man- aging one of the field-pieces, she constantly brought him water from a spring near b)-. (The da\' was intensely hot.) A shot from the enem)' killed him at his post ; and the officer in com- mand, having no one competent to fill the place, ordered the piece to be withdrawn. Molly saw her husband fall as she came from the spring, and also heard the order. She dropped her bucket, seized the rammer, and vowed she would fill the place of her hus- band at the gun and avenge his death. She performed the duty with a skill and courage which attracted the attention of all who saw her. On the following morning, covered with dirt and blood. General Greene presented her to General Washington, who, admiring her bravery, conferred upon her the com- mission of sergeant " (Field Book of the Revolution). She is described as "a stout, red-haired, freckled- faced young Irish woman, with a handsome, piercing e^'e." On this same battlefield, a son of an Irish Catholic father and mother distinguished himself, and the story deserves to be told. Somewhere in 1750 a young couple who belonged to rival families were the actors in a runaway match, and immediately em- barked for Philadelphia. The young man, whose name was John Mullowney, invested his money in a few ships, and carried on a lively and lucrative trade between Philadelphia and various foreign ports. Si.x chil- dren were born to the Mullowneys, all of whom died in their infancy. The seventh child, a S(.)n, was robust, and filled his father's heart, who ga\"e him his own name, with great hopes. The Re\'(.)lution broke out when the boy was eight years old, and his father at once espoused the cause of the patriots. At this time, their pastor, a Catholic priest, visited the family, and urged that young John be dedicated to the priesthood, and MOLLY PITCHER AT THE BATTLE OF MONMOUTH, (Tablet on Piincctdn Monument by J. E Kellv.) IN NEW JERSEY 45 that his preliminary studies begin at once. In the privacy of their chamber the proposition of the priest was earnestly discussed by the anxious father and mother, and the boy, who slept in an adjoining room, overheard all that was said with bated breath. In the early dawn of the next day he put into execution a sudden im- pulse to flee beyond the power of priest and parents. Dressing himself hastily, he stole away from his luxurious home, and through difficulties which might have chilled the enthusiasm of a strong man (for Philadelphia was then in possession of the Brit- ish), reached Washington's army, near Germantown. He arrived, it is said, at his destination, with bleeding feet and ragged clothes, thoroughly beaten out with exhaustion and hunger. He stoutly maintained that he wanted to share a soldier's life, adding that he knew how to "drum." So a drummer boy he be- came, not as John Mullowney, but, with a wisdom beyond his years, under an assumed name. In the following summer came the battle of Monmouth. At a certain point in this hotly con- tested battle, a squad of infantry was ordered to hold a vital point upon which the enemy was marching. The redcoats charged furiously and the Americans gave way, whereupon John seized his drumsticks and pounded out " Yankee Doodle " with so much spirit and force that the retreating Continentals took heart, returned to the charge, drove off the British, and held the stategi- cal position to the end of the battle. A few weeks after the tire- less search of the father for the truant was rewarded. John was recognized by a birthmark on the right shoulder, but his plead- ings, united with those of the officers, prevailed, and the parental consent was reluctantly given. John remained with the army until peace was declared. He then entered the navy, and ren- dered efficient services in the war of 181 2 and in the capture of slavers. Not only did he rescue the poor Africans, but placed them in good homes in Philadelphia and adjacent cities. On his retirement from the navy. Captain Mullowney was made consul to Tangier by President Monroe, a difficult post, in which he maintained the honor and dignity of our country for seven years. Many years afterward his daughter visited a grizzled veteran, more than ninety years of age, and asking him if he remembered John Mullowney, he exclaimed : " Remember John Mullowney ! That I do; he was just a slip of a lad when he used to beat that old drum." At the battle of Princeton scores of the Pennsylvania line shed their blood, defending Princeton Seminary, the strong- hold of Presbyterianism in New Jersey. 46 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Another of our faith deserves mention in this connection : Patrick Colvin was the only Catholic living in Trenton at the time of the Revolution. He sheltered Father Farmer and often ferried him across the Delaware on his semi-annual visitation of his scattered Catholic flock in New Jersey. Colvin, a Catholic, and McConkey, an Irish Presbyterian, furnished the boats which transported \\'ashington and his army across the Delaware on that bitter cold Christmas night, 1776, and thus enabled him to win the battle of Trenton on the 26th. When the Father of his Country journeyed to New York to be inaugurated President of the republic he had fought to make, it was Patrick Colvin who took charge of the presidential party and personally ferried them across the river. The Trenton Monument Association selected a site but a few paces from Father Farmer's headquarters when visiting that city. As New Jersey was the battle ground of the great conflict of the Revolution, the number of Catholics at various times in the State must have run into the thousands. With the troops priests have doubtless traversed the State. We read of the presence of one, the Rev. Seraphin Bandol, who was sent from Philadelphia to Morristown in April, 1780, to administer the last sacraments to a distinguished Spanish nobleman, then a guest of Washington. Don Juan de Miralles, a Spanish agent, arrived in camp, April 19th, 1780, accompanied by the Chevalier de la Luzerne, Minister of France, and was almost immediately stricken down with pul- monary trouble, which ended fatally on the 28th. The chaplain of the French Ambassador, the Rev. Seraphin Bandol, hurried on from Philadelphia and administered the last sacraments to the dying Spaniard in the Ford house, now Washington's head- quarters. It was by Father Bandol, very probably, that the holy Sacrifice of the Mass was first offered in Morristown, and most likely in headquarters, where Washington then lived. The journal of Dr. James Thatcher, surgeon to the Revolu- tionary army, contains a very graphic account of this the first pub- lic Catholic funeral in Morristown : "29th April, 1780.^ — I accompanied Dr. Schuyler to headquar- ters to attend the funeral of M. de Miralles. The deceased was a gentleman of high rank in Spain, and had been about one year resident with our congress from the Spanish court. The corpse was dressed in a rich state and exposed to public view, as is custo- mary in Europe. The coffin was most splendid and stately, lined IN NEW JERSEY 47 throughout with fine cambric, and covered on the outside with rich black velvet and ornamented in a superb manner. The top of the coffin was removed to display the pomp and grandeur with which the body was decorated. It was in a splendid full dress, consisting of a scarlet suit, embroidered with rich gold lace, a three-cornered gold-laced hat, and a genteel cued wig, white silk stockings, large diamond shoe and knee buckles ; a profusion of diamond rings decorated the fingers, and from a superb gold watch, set with diamonds, several rich seals were suspended. His Excellency, General Washington, with several other general offi- cers and members of Congress, attended the funeral solemnities and walked as chief mourners. The other officers of the army, and numerous respectable citizens, formed a splendid procession, extending about a mile. The pall-bearers were six field-officers, and the coffin was borne on the shoulders of four officers of artil- lery in full uniform. Minute guns were fired during the proces- sion, which greatly increased the solemnity of the occasion. A Spanish priest performed service at the grave in the Roman Cath- olic form. The coffin was enclosed in a box of plank, and all the profusion of pomp and grandeur were deposited in the silent grave in the common burying-ground, near the church at Morristown. A guard is placed at the grave lest our soldiers should be tempted to dig for hidden treasure. It is understood that the corpse is to be removed to Philadelphia. This gentleman is said to have been possessed of an immense fortune, and has left to his three daughters one hundred thousand pounds sterling each. Here we behold the end of all earthly riches, pomp, and dignity. The ashes of Don de Miralles mingle with the remains of those who are clothed in humble shrouds, and whose career in life was marked with sordid poverty and wretchedness" (p. 193). The body of this distinguished nobleman was exhumed and sent to Spain, but in what year the most careful investigation has failed to ascertain. In Morristown, also, was the first official recognition of St. Patrick's day, as will appear from the following order, copied from the order book still preserved at Washington's headquarters : Morristown, N. J., March i6th, 1780. The adjutants are desired not to detail for duty to-morrow any of the Sons of St. Patrick. On the 17th the parole is "Saints," the countersign " Patrick " and " Sheelah." Marbois, the charge at Philadelphia, writing to Vergennes, 48 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH March 2Sth, 1785, gives the number of Catholics in New York and New Jersey as 1,700 (Bancroft's Hist. Form, of Constit., i., 420). If this estimate be approximately correct, it is more than likely that the greater part was in New Jersey {Am. Cath. Hist. Researches," April, 1888). Be this as it may, no attempt was made at that time by the Catholics to build a church ; but we find the Catholics of New York City obtaining an act of incorporation from the legislature of the State in 1785. Much earlier, however, 1763, 1765, 1767, 1768, and as late as 1786, Father Farmer had gathered together the little flock and offered for them the consolations of religion. It is true he entered the city by stealth and in disguise, for the odious proscriptive law of 1700 was still not repealed. It is known that he offered the holy Sacrifice in the house of Don Thomas Stoughton, the Spanish consul, and also in that of Don Diego de Gardequi, the Spanish ambassador. A Capucin Father, the Rev. Charles Whelan, a chaplain in De Grasse's fleet, resigned in order to devote himself to the little band of Catholics in New York City and near by. Of him Archbishop Bayley writes: " Father Whelan was the first regularly settled priest in the diocese of New York. He found only twenty communicants in the city, but " pleiity of growlers." During his pastorate the trustees pur- chased from the trustees of Trinity Church the site of the present St. Peter's, and erected a church. There were then about two hundred Catholics in New York. Father Whelan was more at home in French than he was in English, and gave little satisfac- tion as a pulpit orator ; so, when a rival appeared, more gifted with eloquence and intrigue, the Rev. Andrew Nugent, O. M. Cap., good Father Whelan had to retire, and died in Maryland, 1 809. On the 4th day of November, 1786, the first Catholic church, and the thirteenth of any denomination, was opened for divine service, and Mass was publicly celebrated in presence of a large congregation of persons of different religious belief. A second charter was obtained in 1787. Among the first Catholics of the future great Catholic city are found the names of Sieur de St. Jean de Crevecceux, consul of France; Don Diego de Gardequi, plenipotentiary of Spain; Jose Roiz Silva; Thomas Stoughton, consul of Spain ; Dominick Lynch, James Stewart, Henry Duffin, Andrew Morris, Gibbon Burke, Charles Naylor, William Bryson, William Mooney, George Barnwell, John Sullivan. In 1788 the Rev. William O'Brien succeeded Father Nugent as pastor, and continued until May 14th, 1816, when God called IN NEW JERSia' 49 him t(i his reward. His remains aic interred liciieath the churcli. An examination of the stiaictni'e, April Stli, J 836, re\ealed its unsafe eomlition, and, June 5tli, it was determined h\- tlie pastor and trustees to rebuild it. Mass was eelebrated for the last time in the old church August 28th, 1836. 'i"he corner-stone of the new church was laid b)' Bishop Dubois, October 26th, 1836, as- sisted b)' the \^er)' I\.ev. John Power, who delivered an excellent address on the occasion. On the first Sunda)- of September, 1837, mass was celebrated in the basement; and February 25th, 1838, it was solemnly dedicated by Bishop Hughes. The \'ery Rev. Father Power preached a most eloquent sermon to an audience of more than four thousand persons, who thronged the sacred edifice from pew to organ-loft. The French refugees from the revolution and the insur- rections in Martinique, Guad- eloupe, and San Domingo set- tled in considerable numbers in Elizabeth and along the highway from that town to Bottle Hill, now Madison. Thither came the Van Schalk- wick Beauplands, the Boisau- bins. Cornet de St. C\'r, Blan- chets, Lavielle Duberceau, and Thebauds. The l^eauplands were descended partly from the Dutch Van Schalkwicl<, who, expelled from Holland for harboring Catliolics, was excluded from Mar- tinicjue because, coming fr(jm an heretical ccjuntry, he was not regarded as orthodox in faith, and was obliged to proceed further and settle in the more hospitable island of Guadeloupe. He was accompanied in his wanderings by a French relative, a married woman, who, although onl)' thirt\' years of age, was at that time the mother of thirt)--one children. This matron would certainly de- serve an honorable mention from our piresent distinguished chief executive. The Rev. Peter Vianne\-, an assistant in St. Peter's, 1804-09, it is said, celebrated the first Mass in Madison in the home of Mr. Lavielle Duberceau, whose house was for a long time 4 "\'I.K\ Kl V. JCiHX POWER, D.D., Pastor of St. Peter's Church, Barclay .Street, New York. (i.':;i9-i349.) 5° THE CATHOLIC CHURCH the only sanctuary ni that portion of the State. A certain Father Tissorant remained with the Catholics in Elizabeth from 1S05 to 1806. The Rev. Juhn S. Tissorant was simply on a \isit to this countr)-, and in his zeal he determined to gi\-e his services tempo- rarily to his com]")atriots in Elizabeth, liishup Cheverus sa)s "he was a most amiable and respectable man,'' "equal!)' conspicuous," adds Dr. White, "for his learning;- and piety." fn or abijut 1795, several French families from Belgium and the West Indies set- tled in I'rinceton, and bought farms in and around (Jedar Grove and Chei-ry Valle)'. They were men of character, intelligence, and refinement, some of them men of wealth, and others had occupied posi- tions of prominence in their own country. It is doubtful if some were Huguenots, and certain that most, if not all, were Cathulics. Among their names \\ere Viennet, L'Mom- rne, Tulane, Joubert, Boissinot, Pothier, Lcjoy, Ancellein, Hurage, Teisseirs, St. John, St. Louis, Malou, La Rue, Chielon, Bona, and, strangest of all, the Rev. Anthony Smith, whose gra\'e is in the Presb\terian cemeterw He e\ddently accompanied these families in their e.xile, which them one demands our atten- in the arm}- of thie Belgians, OLD ST. PETER S CHURCH, Barclay Street, Xe-.v York City. was not at all unusual. Amon.L tion. Pierre Malou, a general resident in Princeton, 1795-99, I'urchased fue liundred acres of land in Cherr}" X'alley, three miles from Princeton, and erected a mansion whose magnificence is still a tradition among l^'rince- tonians. Tliere was a chapel attached to the house, with altar, stations of the cross, etc., etc. He returned to Europe for the purpose of bringing his wife and two sons to their new- home; but, on the vo\-age back to America, his wife was stricken with a mortal illness and died before reaching port. He sold his propert}' in Cherr)' \'alley, returned again to Belgium, disjjosed of IX NEW JERSEY 51 all his possessions, and journeyed to Russia, where, finding a house of Jesuit fathers, he entered under an assumed name as a lay brother. One day some visitors were walking through the gardens, and one of them, an ex-officer, recognizing his old general laboring among the flowers in the garb of a Jesuit brother, gave him the mUitar)- salute. The fathers were astonished, and the more so when, on returning to the house, he told them the history- of their distinguished subject. He was transferred at once, and took up the study of theolog}-, and in time he was raised to the priesthood. In the beginning of the nineteenth century the Jesuit Fathers opened a school on the corner of Fiftieth Street and Fifth Ave- nue — a portion of the present site of St. Patrick's Cathedral — which w^as called the Xew York Literary Institution. Father Pierre Malou was one of the staff. But, after a time, his health broke down, and as it was thought that there was no prospect of his recovery and that he would be a burden to the communit}', efforts were made to induce him to return to Europe. This he refused to do. Father Malou afterward left the society, and was attached to St. Peter's. He visited Madison, and was the first priest to reside there permanently, living upstairs in the old frame rector}, the lower apartments of which were used as a church. He was a lovable character, and idolized by the children, to whom, when the}' were very good, he would show a miniature of his children. Cardinal McCloske\% who was in his catechism class, used to say that the children often marvelled how he, as a priest, could have children. One of his sons was John Baptist Malou, a senator of Belgium ; and of his grandsons one was Minister of Finance, and another John Baptist Malou, bishop of Bruges. Father Malou died in New York, October 13th, 1827, and is buried under St. Peter's Church. Of Father Anthony Smith there does not appear to be a single record, and the fact that he is mentioned here is due to the cour- tesy of the Rev. Robert E. Burke, the present pastor of the University town. Over his grave is a stone, which bears the fol- lowing inscription : IN MEMORY OF THE REVEREND ANTHONY SCHMIT WHO DIED ON THE 12TH OF FEBRUARY. 1807. Aged 75. 52 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH The Formative Period. The various industries opening up in different parts of the State of New Jersey invited slcilled artisans to leave the scenes of conflict and carnage in their own country to settle in the new land where they might live with their families in peace and security. Before the middle of the eighteenth century glass-works were opened near Salem, N. J., and a number of German Catholics were among those employed. Thus was Father Schneider induced to run the risk of arrest and visit them in August, 1743. He was skilled in the art of healing, and, in the guise of a physician, he was able to exercise his priestly ministry. He celebrated holy Mass in the home of Maurice Lorentz, and in the month of Octo- ber, 1743, at the Glass Home, about ten miles from Salem. The next year he repeated his visits, and in the month of June admin- istered baptism in the house of Matthew Geiger. This name occurs frequently in the records of Father Farmer, and this house for nearly half a century was the rallying point of the Catholics in South Jersey. In the northern part of the State the iron industry was begin- ning to attract the attention of capital, and laborers began to flock thitherward from Pennsylvania about 1750. " The Irish and the Scotch-Irish came into Warren County, and many of them early worked their way into Sussex. . . . As travel increased, taverns became a necessity, and within six years after the county seat was fixed at Newton (by act of 1753), a tract of land of three-tenths of an acre at the northwest corner of the green was conveyed by Jonathan Hampton to Martin Delaney, evidently for a tavern, and a public house was kept on that spot until within the last fifty years. William Kirby, a deserter from the British army during the French and Indian War, passed through Sussex County in 1762, stopping at Sussex Court House, where he sold a pair of stock- ings for seven shillings. "There," he says, "we bought a bottle of rum, and on our march we met an old woman and gave her a dram." He went from the Andover Mine to Ringwood. He tells how the men tried to cheat each other. The wood chopper piled his wood so as to cheat the collier. The collier put his charcoal into baskets in such a manner as to deceive the iron master; and the iron master, not to be outdone, sold his provisions to the men at an extortionate price. As a consequence, IN NEW JERSEY 53 " when they had worked six months, if they had anything coming, they may perhaps get a few rags to cover their nakedness at a very dear price, but as for money they will get none though they have ever so much need of it." ' From 1750 to 1772 we find mines and furnaces in operation at Mount Pleasant, Denmark, Dickerson Mine, Mount Hope, White Meadow, Ringwood, Greenwood Lake, Hibernia, and Dover. These, doubtless, brought a number of Irish and Ger- man Catholics, who formed the little flocks so faithfully attended by Father Farmer. July 3d, 1776, the Provincial Council of New Jersey asked the Committee of Public Safety of Philadelphia to send troops to Mon- mouth Court House to check the Tories and defend the approaches to Staten Island. Three battalions, although ill-equipped and uniformed, were ordered there in reply to this appeal. The women of Philadelphia hastened to prepare lint and bandages, awnings and sails were made into tents, and clockweights were cast into bullets. Thomas Fitzsimmons was captain of the Third company, composed almost entirely of Irish and Catholics. Their tour of duty brought them to Elizabeth, Woodbridge, and vicinity. In December, 1776, they were at Trenton, and on the twent)'-eighth of the same month they were in Burlington, where some of them have taken care to record that they were regaled with mince pies. In January, 1777, they arrived and were encamped on the Jockey Hollow road near Morristown. Thomas Fitzsimmons was not only an ardent patriot, but a man of exceptional ability. With Alexander Hamilton he was associated in establishing the financial policy of our government, and he is acknowledged by both Madison and Webster to be the father of that political principle and dogma of the present Repub- lican party known as the " protection of American industry." When Father Farmer visited the little flock in New York he not only administered to them spiritually the consolations of relig- ion, but it is beyond doubt that he built for them a church some time before the Revolution. Its exact location is not known, and it was swept away by the conflagration which followed the evacua- tion of the city by the Continental troops, after their crushing defeat by the British at the battle of Brooklyn. In 1787, Bishop Carroll, then the very reverend Prefect, appointed the Rev. William O'Brien, a Dominican, pastor of St. Peter's Church, New York, '"Semicentennial Address of Judge Swayze," Newton, N. J., Sept. 2d, 1903. 54 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH and of him it is said " that he had already done parochial work in New Jersey." Just where he labored is not known, but no doubt he visited the field which the intrepid Father Farmer had culti- vated with so much labor and in the face of so many perils and dangers. The large share Catholics had in the formation of the republic and in wresting from a powerful nation their liberties cannot be gainsaid. Still, with the dawning of a new order of things, our coreligionists did not reap the immediate fruits of religious equal- ity, or the full measure of the reward which their sacrifices seemed to deserve. In 1788, in a pamphlet entitled Remarks on the Origin of Government and on Religious Liberty, ascribed to Governor Livingston, in speaking of liberty of conscience and contrasting the prevailing condition in our State " with the spiritual tyranny in England," the writer goes on to say " how beautiful appears our Catholic Constitution (of New Jersey) in disclaiming all jurisdic- tion over the souls of men," " that no Protestant inhabitant of this State shall be denied the enjoyment of any civil right merely on account of his religious principles," and that "all persons profess- ing a belief in the faith of any Protestant sect shall be capable of being elected to any office of trust or profit, or being members of either branch of the legislature." These sentiments drew forth from the well-known Catholic publisher of Philadelphia, Matthew Carey, a reply in which he said : " This clause falls far short of the divine spirit of toleration and benevolence that pervades the American Constitution: 'Every Protestant is eligible to any office of profit or trust.' Are Protestants, then, thereby capable or upright men in the State 1 Is not the Roman Catholic thereby disqualified .? Why so ? Will not every argument in defence of exclusion tend to justify the intolerance and persecution of Eu- rope ">. " ' And later on he voiced the indignation of his church- men in a spirited protest, which appeared in the General Adver- tiser. " The greatest wonder of all is that at the close of the eighteenth century, among the enlightened, tolerant, and liberal Protestants of America, at the very instant when the American soil was drinking up the best blood of Catholics, shed in defence of her freedom, when the Gallic flag was flying in her ports and the Gallic soldiers fighting her battles, then were constitutions framed ' American Museutn, vol. iv. IN NEW JERSEY 55 in several States degrading tiiose very Catholics and excluding them from certain offices. O Shame ! where is thy blush ? O Gratitude ! if thou hast a tear, let it fall to deplore this indelible stigma ! " ' When the convention met at Philadelphia in May, 1787, to amend the articles of confederation and to draft our present Constitution, the question of religion did not come up until the sixth article was reached. Charles Pinckney, of South Carolina, proposed that a clause should be introduced preventing any religious test. North Carolina was the only State that voted against it. When the people were called upon to approve the Con- stitution, New York, strongly anti-Catholic in its organic law, reluctantly approved it ; Rhode Island and North Carolina, where Catholics were practically unknown, rejected it absolutely. It has been charged that Catholics were instrumental in having enacted the First Amendment to the Constitution: Congress shall make no law establishing religion, or to prevent the free exercise thereof, or to infringe the rights of conscience. There is not the slightest proof for any such contention. Dr. Schaff says : " The credit of the Amendment is due to the first Congress, which proposed it, and to the conventions of the States of New York, Virginia, North Carolina, New Hampshire, and the minority of Pennsylvania, all of which suggested it, directly or indirectly, in substantially the same laijguage." ° Of it Bishop Spalding writes : " There is no foundation, we think, for the opinion which we have sometimes heard, that the First Amendment to the Constitution was intended as a tardy act of justice to the Catholics in the United States, in gratitude for their conduct during the war, and for the aid of Catholic France. It, in fact, made no change in the position of the Catholics, whom it left to the mercy of the differ- ent States, precisely as they had been in the colonial era. Various causes were, however, at work, which by modifying the attitude of the States toward religion tended also to give greater freedom to the Catholic Church. The first of these was the rise of what may be called the secular theory of government, whose great ex- ponent, Thomas Jefferson, had received his political opinions from the French philosophers of the eighteenth century. The State, according to this theory, is a purely political organism, and is not in any way concerned with religion ; and this soon came to be the prevailing sentiment in the Democratic party, whose acknowl- edged leader Jefferson was, which may explain why the great mass ' 1792. '^ The Church and State in the United States, ii., 4. 56 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH of the Catholics in this country have always voted with this party." ' Catholics have many times since the foundation of the repub- lic been made to feel the sting of ingratitude, but they have always found among them a skilful pen or an eloquent voice to resent it. " Tell me not, in the beautiful fiction of the poet, of the Pil- grims of Massachusetts : " ' They left untouched what here they found, Freedom to worship God ! ' Tell me not of the liberal principles of Roger Williams, under whose rule of nearly a half century at Providence the Rhode Island ordinance excluded the Catholic from the franchises of his own asylum from Puritan persecution ! Tell me not of the char- ity of Penn, who could rebuke his officers for toleration of the Catholic worship ! . While the Puritan of the East was perse- cuting the Catholic, the churchman, the Antinonian, the Baptist, and the harmless Quaker; while Winthrop was recording his dis- content at the ' open setting up of the mass in Maryland ' ; and the law-established church in Virginia was wielding the scourge of universal proscription — the Catholic of Maryland alone was found to open wide his door to the sufferer of every persuasion, in the sentiment of the sweetest, the all but inspired poet of antiquity, has ascribed to the injured Dido: " ' Myself an exile in a world unknown, I learn to pity woes so like my own ! ' " The firmness of the sons of Maryland, marshalled by a Small- wood, a William, a Gist, a Howard, or a Smith, under every aspect of danger and every form of privation, from the frozen plains of Valley Forge to the sweltry high hills of Santee — while their bones were whitening every field of Revolutionary glory or her dashing Barney was guiding them to victory on the ocean ! The talent, the learning, the patriotism of her Chases, her Martins, her Dulaneys and Pinckneys, or the Wirts and Harpers whom adoption has made her own, these and the thousand incidents that illustrate them must be told by a more eloquent tongue than mine. " But there was one on whose lustrous character even I may venture with friendship's privilege to dwell. I need not name that venerable model of the Christian, patriot, and gentleman, the ' Catholic Church in United States, 1776-1876, p. 23. IN NEW JERSEY 57 relative of the first American archbishop, and his associate in the estabUshment and support of American liberty. I need not name the ardent youth, who, at a time when his religion disfranchised him in his native province, engaged with all the energies of a vig- orous and accomplished mind in successful conflict with the legal dictator of his age, for the violated rights of that very country. I need not name the man who threw into the scale, where the pa- triots of '76 staked ' life and fortune and sacred honor,' more brilliant earthly expectations than all perhaps beside him; and who lingered among us, an exemplar of their virtues, till the whole immortal band had passed away. He lived till the controversial title of ' first citizen,' by which the early gratitude of his admir- ing patriots addressed him, was literally realized. Even he so much his junior, like whom " ' This earth that bears him dead Bears not alive so stout a gentleman,' the hero ' of Cowpens and Eutaw, who nourished with his blood the tree of liberty that Carroll's " hand had helped to plant, and who upheld it, with strong arm and unwavering heart, when shaken rudest by the storm of war, the pride of the Maryland line had struck his tent, and gone forth on his march of eternity, and the survivor of the Declaration of Independence was without a peer. " ' He lived, till age his brow with snows Had crowned, — but, like the Syrian hill. Amid the waste of life he rose. And verdure clasped his bosom still.' " (Speech of William G. Read, Esq., at first Commemoration of the landing of the Maryland Pilgrims.) To James Madison more than to any of the early statemen be- longs the credit of removing religious disabilities. An attempt was made in the Virginia legislature, in 1784, to lay a tax upon the people " for the support of teachers of the Christian religion." Madison saw the danger which lurked behind this attempt to erect a state church. He wrote a Memorial and Remonstrance, set- ting forth its dangerous character, and labored industriously to obtain signatures for it. In the election of 1785 the question of ireligious freedom was the issue. ' John Eager Howard, died October 12th, 1827. ' Charles Carroll, of Carrolton, died November 14th, 1832. 58 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH The odious bill was defeated, and in its stead was enacted " that no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any relig- ious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever, nor shall be enforced, restrained, molested, or burdened in his body or in his goods, nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or be- lief ; but that all men shall be free to profess, and by argument to maintain, their opinion in matters of religion, and that the same shall in no wise diminish, enlarge, or affect their civil capacities." ' It was, indeed, becoming that Virginia, with its hideous past of religious proscription, should be the standard-bearer of religious equality in the States. To be done with this painful question of intolerance, sufifice it to say that not until 1 844 was the clause excluding Catholics from office in New Jersey abolished. Among the first converts in this State, if not the very first, was the Rev. Calvin White, who from 1791 to 1795 was pastor of the first Presbyterian church built in Morris County, at Whippany, in 171 8. After "exercising a useful ministry of four years" in this congregation he resigned and attached himself to the Episco- pal Church, becoming eventually rector of St. James's parish, Derby, Conn. Although he became a Catholic he did not enter the priesthood, but by his edifying life and intelligent grasp of the teachings of the Catholic Church was a veritable confessor of the faith in Connecticut. He was a Tory and just escaped hanging at the hands of a mob, because he refused to shout " property and liberty." It is said that he was first led to examine the doctrines of the Catholic Church by the correct life and intelligence of an old Catholic soldier in the Continental army. He was the grand- father of Richard Grant White, the distinguished art, literary, and dramatic critic. He died in Derby, Conn., March 28th, 1853, in his ninetieth year, fortified by the sacraments of holy Church. Much of the progress of Catholicity in Connecticut was due to his efforts and example. The yellow fever in Philadelphia, in 1793, and the massacre of San Domingo filled the little town of Mount Holly with a surplus population, many of whom were Catholics. The gaiety and volu- bility of the French imparted a lively tone to the little community, in strong contrast to the staid, sober, but no less happy Quakers. About this time Stephen Girard, "famous for his riches and gifts," landed at Egg Harbor, came across the country on a ped- ' Fiske's Essays, History and Literature, i., 194. IN NEW JERSEY 59 dling tour, and took up his residence in the village. He lived in Mills Street, where he opened a cigar store, and sold raisins, by the penny's worth, to the children. He is said to have been "a little unnoticed man, save that the beauty of his wife, whom he married there, worried and alienated his mind." In 1793, September 19th, we find the last record of Father Graessl, " the worthy bishop elect," who celebrated the marriage of Julia Vinyard to John Philip Seeholzer at Charlottenburg. In 1795 there came to our State a man of brilliant mind, a dis- tant relative of Archbishop Carroll, a member of the Society of Jesus until its dissolution by Clement XIV, but an apostate from the faith after twenty years in the ecclesiastical state. The Rev. Charles Henry Wharton, D.D., became principal of an academy in Burlington, N. J., and three years later became rector of St. Mary's Episcopal Church, a position he held thirty-five years. He was twice married, but he had no children. He died at Bur- lington in his eighty-sixth year. " The great lights of the Church of Rome he regarded with unaffected reverence. Of Archbishop Carroll, his antagonist in controversy, as he was his kinsman in the flesh, he spoke to the very last with warm affection. 'It was a remarkable trait in his character,' says Bishop White, 'that from the beginning to the end of my acquaintance with him, he was a decided advocate of Jesuits, with the exception of the tenets of the Roman Catholic ■ creed ' " ( Wliartoiis Remains, G. W. Doane, i., 66). It is said of him that when a servant of his household was stricken with a mortal illness, and realizing the impossibility of getting a priest from Philadelphia, for she was a Catholic, Wharton said to her, " Although I am a parson, I am also a Catholic priest, and can give you absolution m.yoiir case." She made her confes- sion to him, and he absolved her, thus giving her that little com- fort before she died. Wharton's nephew, a good Catholic and a magistrate in Washington, is responsible for this story. Not long after Bishop Carroll returned from England, where he had been consecrated, to take possession of his vast see, De- ■ cember, 1790, there came to this country a priest, who as an officer under Rochambeau had taken part in the struggle for our inde- pendence, the Rev. John Rosseter. On his return to his country with the French forces he entered the Augustinian order, but his eyes turned toward the country he had helped to free, and his heart thirsted for other victories more glorious and more stable — the conquest of souls. 6o THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Bishop Carroll gave him a warm welcome, and located him about thirty miles from Philadelphia, probably at Wilmington, Del. In 1795 he was joined by the Rev. Matthew Carr, from St. Augustine's Convent, John Street, Dublin, whose purpose in coming was to found a house of the Hermits of St. Augustine. In 1796 the Augustinian Fathers secured a site on Fourth Street, below Vine, in Philadelphia, and immediately started to collect funds to build a church. Washington and many other Protestants were among the contributors. By an indult granted May 27th, 1797, they were given the necessary authority to establish convents of their order in the United States. After the death of Father Farmer, the Augustinians took up missionary work in New Jersey, and the Catholics of this State must ever hold the members of this order in grateful remem- brance. Among the missions founded by them in the early part of the nineteenth century were Cape May Island, \'isited about 1803 by the Rev. M Hurley; Trenton, by the Rev. Dr Matthew Carr in 1805 ; and Paterson, first visited by the Rev. Philip Lariscy about 1 82 1. This brings our narrative to the establishment of the first regular Catholic parish in the State of New Jersey, and this credit belongs to Trenton. Sacred Heart, Trenton. Formerly, St. John's Parish. 1799-1899. It is impossible to say when Mass was first said in this city. Dr. John Gilmary Shea, in his History of the Catholic Church in the United States, writes that in October, 1799, Rev. D. Boury, a Catholic priest from Philadelphia, officiated in Trenton. Bishop Carroll, of Baltimore, in a letter dated September 8th, 1 803, wrote that he was called to Trenton because of some trouble that had arisen in the congregation. "Next Monday, 12th, I will leave this place (Philadelphia) for the neighborhood of New York. The devil is always busy to raise obstacles in my way. He or his agent has made a disturbance at Trenton, where I did not e.xpect any business, which will perhaps cause me some delay — so that I expect to cross Hobuck ferry before Wednesday." (Letter of Bishop Carroll to Jas. Barry, Esq., N. Y., September 8th, 1803.) In the following year, 1804, services were held in the printing- IN NKVV J I', R SKY 6i olficc of Isaac Collins, wliicli stood on the toi'no' of l^)roa(l and State streets, bnt then called (Jiieen ami Second sti'eets. l'd'(jni the )'ear 1811 to 1814, Mass was said at inteiAals in the house of John D. Sartori, a Catholic gentleman, wIkj lived on h'ederal Street. The priests who of^ciated were P^athei's Caia- and I Imde)', of St. Augustine's Church, Philadelphia, antl the Dominican Father, Rev. William Mncent Harold, also of Philadelphia. In 1814 Mr. Sartori, Capt. John Hargous, and some other Catholic gentlemen, with the approval of Rt. Re\'. Michael l^agan. Bishop of Philadelphia, [jurchased ground at the corner (.)f Market and Lamberton streets, and erect- ed thereon a small brick chm-ch, which was dedicated by Bishop Eagan, in the same year, and called St. Prancis'. It was attentled, more or less regularl)-, by priests from Phil- adelphia until ab(.)ut 1S30, when P'ather Geoghen became its first resident pastor. He remained about two }'ears, when on account of failing health he wms obliged to give up the parish. Between that time and 1844, when the Rev, John P. Mackin took charge, the parish had no less than seven different pastors. P'ather Mackin, finding his church to<.) small for the growing congregation, bought, in 1844, ground on Broad Street, the site of the present Sacred Heart Church, and erected c|aite a large brick church, which was dedi- cated to St. John the Baptist. The congregation increased so rapidly that it soon outgrew the capacity of this church, which in 1853 was considerabl)' enlarged. Father Mackin continued to labor faithfully for the good of the parish until, his liealth failing, he was obliged to suspend his labors antl goabi'oad. Dur- ing his absence P'athers ( )'Donnell and Young, in succession, had charge of the parish. In May, 1861, Rew Anthon)- Smith, who was afterward to become so impi.irtant a factor in the religious and secular life of Trenton, was ajipointed [jastor of St. John's. In the following )'ear he opened an orphan asylum REV. JOHN MACKIN, Pastor of St. John's Church. I1S43-1873.) 62 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH on Broad Street, and brought the first Sisters of Charity to Trenton. When the Rev. Anthony Smith, in January, 1871, resigned St. John's parish to assume charge of St. Mary's, he was suc- ceeded by Father Mackin, who some years before had been pastor of St. John's, but was compelled to leave on account of ill health. Father Mackin died March, 1873, and Rev. Patrick Byrne was appointed his successor. Father Byrne saw at once the necessity of better school accommodations for the children, and in 1874 began the erection of St. John's school on Lamberton Street. This is a large brick building with sixteen rooms and a large hall on the top floor. The Sisters' house adjoins the school. After five years' zealous and successful labor. Father Byrne resigned charge of the parish and was succeeded by the present rector. Rev. Thaddeus Hogan, in the autumn of 1878. On Sunday even- ing, September 30th, 1883, St. John's Church was destroyed by fire. Father Hogan began immediately to prepare plans for a new church to be erected on the same site. The corner-stone was laid while Bishop O'Farrell was in Rome on his visit ad lintina on August 3d, 1884, by Bishop Shanahan, of Harrisburg, Pa. It was nearly five years in the course of erection, and was solemnly dedicated, on June 30th, 1889, by Bishop O'Farrell. This was a notable occasion ; Archbishop Ryan, of Philadelphia, celebrated pontifical mass, and Archbishop Corrigan, of New York, preached the sermon. The new church was called the Sacred Heart, and while it could not have been dedicated to an object more holy, many people regretted that the old name St. John's was not retained. The church is a massive stone structure in the Roman style of architecture, with two dome-shaped towers in front. The interior decorations and furnishings are in keeping with the building. The altars are made of white marble and onyx. Besides the church proper, there is a large basement which is used for week-day services. The stone rectory and club house were also built by Father Hogan. These grand structures are an evidence of Father Hogan's zeal and activity. The population of the parish is about three thousand, and the number of pupils in the school about four hundred and fifty. Allusion has frequently been made to the causes which brought so many French to different parts of the United States and to so many localities in our own State. The French settlement at Madison, formerly Bottle Hill, was important not only in point of numbers, but on account of their wealth, lineage, and refinement. IN NEW JERSEY 63 The Rev. Peter Vianney, stationed at St. Peter's, New York, 1804-09, is said to have celebrated the first Mass in the house of Lavielle Duberceau, and for some time it continued to be cele- brated there and in the old academy which stood on the corner of the Convent Road and Ridgedale Avenue. Fathers Vianney, Malou, Powers, Kohlman, Bulger Donohue, from Paterson attended successively to the needs of this little mission. It is related of Father Power that once on his way to Madi- son, after having landed at Elizabeth, the carriage which was to have conveyed him to Bottle Hill broke down, and he was con- strained to accept the invitation of a passing farmer to ride into the village, seated on a load of hogs. In 1789, Washington, then occupying the presidential chair, by a proclamation ordered Thursday, November 26th, to be ob- served for the first time by the citizens of our country as a day of thanksgiving, in these noble and memorable words: "I recom- mend and assign this day to be devoted by the people of these States to the service of that great and glorious Being, who is the beneficent Author of all the good that was, that is, or that will be, that we may then all unite in rendering unto Him our sincere and humble thanks for His kind care and protection of the people of this country previous to their becoming a nation, . . . for the civil and religious liberty with which we are blessed." He prays " God to promote the knowledge and practice of true religion and virtue." We are straying far afield from these lofty principles, built on the only solid foundation which can afford permanency to the cause for which the Father of his Country fought and pleaded. The visit of Bishop Carroll, before alluded to, brings to our notice two important cities in our diocese hardly distinguishable in their ancient vocable. " I am advised to go to Hoebuck's ferry, two miles above Powles' hook, to cross over in a boat always ready to the wharf of the new state prison " (Letter of Archbishop Carroll to James Barry, August 25th, 1803). Hoebuck's ferry has developed into Hoboken, and Powles' hook has become our important seaboard mart — Jersey City. The steady growth of Catholicity made it necessary for Bishop Carroll to apply to the Holy See for a division of his immense diocese, as it would be for the best interests of religion, and would best promote good order and discipline. April 8th, 1808, Pius VII. divided the see of Baltimore, and 64 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH erected the sees of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Bards- town. The learned Dominican, the Rev. Richard Luke Con- canen, was chosen for New York, and consecrated with great pomp in the church of the nuns of St. Catharine, Rome, April 24th, 1808. He was unable, because of war between the French and English, to embark until June 17th, 1810, when his preparations to start for his new diocese seemed complete. But an unexpected embarrassment with the civil authorities at Naples, on the pretext that his papers were not satisfactory, thwarted him in his purpose. A sudden attack of illness carried him off, and on the 20th of June he was buried in the church of San Domenico Maggiore, in Naples. Through the interference of Archbishop Troy of Dublin and other Irish bishops, who busied themselves overmuch in American affairs, the Holy See was led into the blunder of appointing as successor to Bishop Concanen a worthy man, but a subject of Great Britain, then at war with the United States. Another country would have resented this as an insult. The Rev. John Connolly was appointed bishop and consecrated November 6th, 1814. The relations between himself and the archbishop and the other prelates seem to have been of a strained nature. He arrived in the ship Sally, December 2d, 181 5, un- announced and without a single one of his priests to greet him. In the division of the diocese of Baltimore, Hunterdon, War- ren, Burlington, Gloucester, Salem, Cumberland, and Cape May counties in New Jersey were assigned to the Philadelphia diocese ; and Sussex, Morris, Essex, Bergen, Somerset, Middlesex, and Monmouth counties to the diocese of New York. For almost half a century, then, the bishops of New York and Philadelphia must look after Catholic interests in the respective divisions of our State, and this will explain to the present gener- ation the presence in New Jersey of priests who are to be found later on laboring and honored in the great metropolis of our coun- try and the City of Brotherly Love. Industrial schemes, meanwhile, were in an active stage of development, and the little drops of that mighty flood of emigra- tion were beginning to fall in various parts of the State. At the beginning of the nineteenth century Morris County alone was able to supply all the iron ore needed in the United States. There were in the county two furnaces, two rolling mills, two slitting mills, and thirty forges — to say nothing of the iron mines. IN NEW JERSEY 65 The Morris Canal and Banking Company was chartered, Decem- ber 31st, 1824, to build a canal from the Delaware River, near Easton, to Newark, and in 1828 was authorized to extend it to the Hudson River. In 1 81 5, February 6th, the legislature granted what was per- haps the first railroad charter ever granted in the United States, by an act creating a company " to build a railroad from the river Delaware, near Trenton, to the river Raritan, at or near Xew Brunswick," and thus inaugurated that vast s)-stem of commer- cial highways which has so promoted the prosperit}- of our State. In the furthering of these enterprises and the construction of these works labor was needed. Unavailable at home, it had to be sought abroad, and in the main these men of brawn and muscle were English, Irish, and Scotch. The first emigrants, coming from a condition of peonage, cowed by oppression, warped to duplicity, if not lack of veracity, by the too human effort to shield themselves from the iron hand of the oppressor, be he the land- lord or his agents, made suspicious of everj'body and everything by the swarms of spies set upon them by a harsh government, no sooner did they breathe the air of freedom than, intoxicated by it, they cast off all restraint, which often led to disorders, fraught with scandal and annoyance, and disastrous to the faith of not a few. In the first fift}- }'ears of our histor)- there was scarcely a par- ish which did not suffer from these evils, and the heart of man)- a worthy priest was broken and his spirit crushed, and the flock torn by dissension from precisely these causes, which were ine^'it- able then, but now have happUy passed away. The culprit was not the Celt alone, but his Gallic, Germanic, and, at a later period and in a lesser degree, his Slavic, Polish, and Italian brother. \Mth these remarks, the unpleasant memories of their past mis- deeds may sleep with the dust of the victims and promoters, of whom these lived to regret and the others hastened to forgive. From the moors and glens of old Ireland, from its valleys and mountains the)" came, their hearts filled with sad memories of stately ruins of the grandeurs of that old faith for which the)- together with their sires had sacrificed so much, and mindful of the desolation that had swept over their fair land in the stubborn effort they had made to uphold the glory and integrity of their national honor. And, as they strained their e) es with one long, lingering look at the bold headlands of Kerr)-'s coast, and saw the mad waves leap in fur)- and dash their crested foam, helpless and 5 €6 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH impotent, against the eternal hills, the tears veiled from their gaze a land they never hoped and, most of them, were never destined to see again. And the Sassenagh, the ripened fruit of the bloody Hengist and Horsa, of the cruel Dane, of the freebooting, pitiless Norman and the unconquerable Briton, met again the old foe of their fore- bears, met them with that instinctive hatred which so often has characterized nations, clans, and families, and perpetuated feuds, enmities, and bloodshed for no other reason than a traditional pledge of mutual antagonism. Hence, the odious laws, the out- breaks, which go echoing along the cycles, bursting forth again and again into those unjust and cruel manifestations of Know- nothingism and Apaism. Even then this addition of a new ele- ment in our population did not fail to excite the alarm of many, and to them, when the question of emigration was discussed in Congress, in 1790, Representative Lawrence had this to say: "If the immigrant bring an able body, his labor will be productive of national wealth, an addition to our national strength." These Irish lads and lasses distributed themselves over our State, as faith cultures, some settling in the larger tovvns, where employment might be had as laborers in factories or at service in families ; others trudged through the country, finding occupation on farms; or others still along projected lines of railroad and canal. And the priests were on their trail, and did not fail, even if there were no church, to build an altar of logs and stones, and under the shadow of God's own Gothic temple— a widespreading oak or chestnut tree — to offer the holy Sacrifice while the kneel- ing throng, bowed in silence, their hearts filled with consolation, and their memories carried back beyond the seas to other shrines and other Soggatths, not less loved and reverenced than the priest before them, whose language they could hardly understand, rever- ently adored their Eucharistic God. " I will never forget the Mass I once heard in a country chapel. I happened one day at the foot of a lofty eminence. It was crested with fir trees and oaks. Up its sides I climbed until I found my- self in presence of a man on his knees. Soon I saw others in the same posture ; and the higher I went the more numerous was the throng. As I reached the summit I saw a humble building in the form of a cross, built of stones without mortar, and with a thatched roof. All around were crowds of big, brawny men, on their knees, with uncovered head, despite the pelting rain and the liquid mud under them. A stillness as of death hung over them. IN NEW JERSEY 67 It was the Catholic chapel of Blarney, and the 'Soggarth' was saying Mass. I reached there just at the Elevation, and one and all bowed down to the very earth. " I managed to edge my way within its crowded walls. No pews, no decorations, not even a floor. Everywhere the damp and pebbly earth ; open windows and tallow dips instead of wax tapers. The good priest made the announcement in Irish, that on such a day he would hold a station in such a place, where he would hear confessions, say Mass, and visit the sick. Soon Mass was over; the priest mounted his horse and was off; little by little the crowd broke up and trudged off, some to their cabins, others with the sickle over their arm to the harvest, and others lolled along the road, stopping at some near-by cabin to accept its humble hospitality, not as a charity, but as a right. Others with their wives mounted behind them rode off to their distant homes. Full many, however, remained praying a long time before the Eucharistic God, prostrate on the ground, in that silent spot so dear to a poverty-stricken people, but so faithful in the hour of persecution. The stranger who sees such sights, and on his knees side by side with these poverty-pinched creatures, rises up with a heart overflowing with pride and happiness at the thought that he too belongs to that Church which knows not death, and which at the very time that unbelief is digging its grave, feels the throbbing of a new life in the desert places of Ireland and America, but free and poor as it was at its cradle " (Montalembert, Avenir, January, 1831). . Our theme brings us now to the first Catholic settlement hi the episcopal city of the diocese. St. John's Church, Newark, N. J. This beautiful edifice, located on Mulberry Street, is a land- mark, standing in an atmosphere of interesting memories. Its architect was the Very Rev. Patrick Moran, who was also the architect of St. Patrick's Cathedral and St. Peter's, of Belleville. It consists of the original church with a fagade designed by Father Moran, and the whole structure is built of Newark brown- stone from the old quarry on Eighth Avenue. A rude hickory cross about six feet high, unstripped of its bark, surmounted the gable of the original structure, and was the first emblem of salva- tion reared in this State, spreading its arms to all. The Rev. Paul McQuade, ordained in Canada, September 23d, 68 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH ST. JOHN S FIRST CATHOLIC CHURCH IN NEWARK. (1S2S.) Built by Rev. Gregory Bryan Pardow. 1805, labored in Albany, N. Y., 1813 to 1817, accordnig to tradi- tion, offered the holy Sacrifice for the fir.st time in the city of Newark in an old stone house, which stood for many years on the corner of High and Orange streets, or, ac- cording to another tradition, in the Turf house, corner of Durand and Mull^erry streets. In 1829 the Re\-. Gregory Bryan Pardow was named first pastor of the Catholics of Newark . Father Pardow, born in Warwick.shire, England, on November 9th, 1804, of George Pardow and Elizabeth Seaton, was educated in Ston)- hurst, entered the Society of Jesus, but left and went to Ilome. His father came to this country later, and was manager of the TnithtcUcr, the first Catholic newspaper in this country. Father Pardow was ordained by Bishop Dubois, and after his appointment to Newark or- ganized the congregation then and now known as St. John's. It was designated St. John's Roman Catholic Soci- ety of Newark, N. J. "In 1829, the Rev. Greg- or)- Br}'an Pardow, of New York, organized, under the patronage of St. John, the association of Catholics who founded St. John's church. The first trustees were Pat- rick Murphy, John Sherlock, John Kelly, Christopher Rourke, Morris Fitzgerald, John Gillespie, and Patrick Mape. Previous to the build- ing of St. John's church, the Cathr)lics of Newark had met for divine service at a house on Mulberry Street, occuined by REV. GREGORY BRYAN I'ARDOW. Born Nov. 9th, 1804. Died April 2+th, 1S38. IN NEW JERSEY 6^ Charles Burning. The trustees set about erecting a suitable place of worship. Ground was purchased on Mulberry Street and the erection of the church was begun in 1 827. When the foundation was laid, the trustees found that their funds were ex- liausted, and they decided to have a committee wait on the Rev. Dr. Power, of St. Peter's Church, New York, to ask him to assist them in their work, by delivering a lecture in Newark for the benefit of the struggling parish. He cheerfully consented, and advised the committee to have the lecture early and well adver- tised. As there was no public hall in the town at the time, the committee were at a loss how to proceed. This quandary was answered by the vestrymen of Old Trinity Church in the park. At the suggestion of Rev. Dr. Power, the committee called upon them to ask the use of the church for the lecture. After due consideration the vestrymen unanimously granted the request. On the appointed evening the lecture was given to a large audi- ence which filled the church and was about three-fourths non- Catholic, as at that time the Catholic population was very small. The proceeds netted over three hundred dollars, quite a sum of money to realize from such an occasion in those days. The liberal and generous action of Trinity has been and always will be remem- bered by the Catholic citizens of Newark. But through the base- ness of one individual the money was lost to the struggling parish. The treasurer of the committee proved himself a veritable Judas, by making off with the entire receipts, and he was never heard of again. Let him be nameless ! Under the untiring zeal and energy of Rev. Father Pardow the building was finished and dedicated to divine service in 1828. In the dedication ceremonies the Very Rev. John Power, who represented Rt. Rev. Bishop Dubois on the occasion, officiated. " The old pioneers, now all passed to their reward, used to say that the front and rear ends of the first St. John's were of rough boards, and not infrequently the rain and snow were blown through the crevices on the worshippers seated on planks, raised on big, rough stones. The cross was of Jersey hickory, with the bark on it, six by four feet, and no doubt was the first raised on a sacred edifice in the State. Those not of our faith looked askance at it, for it was then regarded as superstitious to venerate the cross, as it had not yet become fashionable, as it is now, to place the emblem of salvation on the churches of Presbyterians, Meth- odists, Baptists, and Episcopalians. "The late Rev. Michael J. Holland, St. Columba's, Newark, 70 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH gave a pen-picture of places and persons in that city and it is con- sidered worth reproducing. ■Just about the time of the erection of St. John's Church, Xewark as a city had begun to awake to quickening impulses. The Morris Canal was being completed, and work had already commenced on the railroad, which, the onl\- one in the State, was about to connect the cit)" with New York. Statistics give the population at that time as ten thousand white Americans, six hundred Irish, three hundred Germans, and three hundred and fift)' negroes. The central p>ortion of the town, stUl unincor- pKjrated, was lighted with oil lamps sparsely scattered, and pos- sessed few buildings of any importance. There were but four wards, the north, south, the east, and the west, and but two docks upon the river above Bridge Street. \\Tiere now stands Clark's manufactor) , in the writer's own recollection, was an old frame iron foundr)-, and above nothing but the marshy river banks. State Street on the north. High Street on the west, the line of the Passaic, and thence down River Street and Mulbern to Fair Street — the extreme southern boundarj' — might be called the cit}" proper, though a number of outlying habitations existed beyond. A wide and swift-running brook, reaching into the interior, ran through a deep valley down a line parallel with Eighth Avenue, which formed four large and picturesque sheets of w^ter above Broad, High, Sheffield streets, and the woodland district above, each of which supplied as man}" mill-wheels with ptower. This stream formed the water-shed of a wide extended territory-, and after storms frequent]}' rose very high. But two bridges, at Broad and High streets, sp)anned its current, and these were frequentlv overflowed. On this account many at times could not attend Mass from the North Ward and BellevOle. "As early as 1824 the holy Sacrifice was weekly offered in Newark, where thirty or forty attendants were considered a good congregation. It was for some time continued at the home of Mr. Duming in ^lulberry Street, but was first celebrated at the residence of Mr. Sherlock, below Mulbeny- Street. Persons from Orange, Elizabeth, Belleville, Arlington, Springfield, and Rahway came here for di\ine senice. •'The original church was constructed in a very primitive manner, having unplastered walls and boards arranged upon stone supports for seats. Men from the quarries dug its foundations, contributed the material, and performed most of the work. A graveyard large enough for the wants of the time existed in the IN NEW JERSEY 71 rear. Some of the bodies were removed when the new church and its several extensions were built, but many of those old pioneer predecessors of ours still rest beneath the shadow of old St. John's. The first offshoot of this old church was St. Mary's, High Street, in 1842. Then followed St. Patrick's in 1848, which became the cathedral of the diocese in November, 1853. The other churches of the city were erected at varied intervals of a few years as the demands of necessity and opportuneness required. The growth of our faith in Newark during Father Moran's period was some- thing mar\'ellous. He saw its first church and welcomed its first bishop. He was a man of earnest and persevering character, though by no means possessing rugged health. ' His body fainted, his heart — never ! ' " The first native of Newark ordained to the priesthood was Daniel G. Burning, son of Charles Burning, and its first ladies to embrace a religious life in the sisterhood were Winifred and Anna, daughters of Patrick Hart, then superintendent of the Mount Pleasant Cemetery. Of the latter, all are still living" {Sacred Heart Union, March, 1881). As the cost of the building exceeded the estimate by a con- siderable sum, it was judged advisable to put the pews up at auc- tion. The first pew to the right of the middle aisle brought forty- two dollars, and the other pews brought smaller but respectable sums. By this sale a handsome fund was realized, and some of the more urgent bills of the contractors were paid. But there was still a large balance of unpaid indebtedness, and general stagnation of business ensuing, the trustees found themselves unexpectedly called on for payment and the church in danger of being sold. In this emergency, good Bishop Bubois came to the rescue. Through his friend. Bishop Brut^, he secured a loan of 22,960 francs from the association of the Propagation of the Faith, with which the claims were paid, and from that time, 1829, St. John's parish pros- pered. The Rev. Gregory B. Pardow, the founder of the church, labored faithfully with the parish for three years, and through his energy, tact, and zeal insured its success. He was followed by the Rev. Matthew H^rard, October 7th, 1832, and the Rev. P. Rafferty, October 13th, 1833. On November 3d, 1833, the Rev. Patrick Moran was appointed pastor. He was eminently fitted for the place. He possessed good judgment, a refined and correct taste, and an educated mind. Under his management the affairs of St. John's advanced rapidly, despite the panic of 1837, and the sterling qualities of 72 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH their pastor continued to win for the congregation the confidence of their non-Cathohc neighbors. Father Moran soon had a library of eight hundred and fifty volumes in circulation. He organized church societies, literary, temperance, and bene\'olent associations. He erected a school-house and arranged for the free education during the evening of such as could not attend the day school. But his chief source of pleasure and pride was in his Sunday- school, which he raised to a high degree of excellence. Connected with the Sunday-school was a teachers' association, which was a model of its kind. The Puritan element in those days confounded Catholicity with the nationality of St. Patrick's children, and hence to show their contempt for both, on March 17th, they were in the habit of hang- ing a stuffed " Paddy," a string of potatoes around his neck and a bottle sticking out of his pocket, from a tree or high pole ; and they took great delight enjoying the wrath and discomfiture of the Paddies. This kind of amusement was very popular all over the State, and sometimes these insulting figures were hung from Cath- olic churches. The last of these effigies to appear was about the middle of the fifties. It was strung across Broad Street, near the old First Church, Newark, from a noble elm to a house on the other side of the street. That night a good number of stalwart Irishmen, some Orangemen among the number, armed with axes, marched to the offensive figure, and, pl>'ing their weapon with lusty blows, the noble tree soon crashed across the street, carry- ing with it the ignoble sign, and blocked all traffic in the roadway. The lesson was taken to heart, and insolent bigotry was silent, if not extinct. When the late Most Rev. James Roosevelt Bayley, D.D., was appointed first bishop of Newark, one of his first acts was to ap- point the Rev. Patrick Moran his vicar-general. The Very Rev. Patrick Moran, V. G., born in Loughrea, Ireland, in 1798, edu- cated at Mount St. Mary's, and ordained November 9th, 1832, was made pastor of St. John's, Newark, in succession to the Rev. P. Rafferty, November, 1833. He enlarged the church several times, acting as his own architect, designing the fagade as it now is, and making many, if not all, of the interior ornaments with his own hands. Under him St. John's was the first consecrated church in the diocese. During a long pastorate of thirty-three years he labored incessantly with his own, and endeared himself to those of other denominations. Of a bright and cheerful dispo- sition, he imparted the glow of his kindly nature to all those with IN NEW JERSEY 73 whom he came in contact, and more than all with the children. He is buried in old St. John's cemetery, in the rear of St. Michael's Church, He died July 25th, 1866. The Freeman s Journal virote of him, Augu.st 4th, 1866: "No notice we could write would do justice to the earnest and gentle character of Father Moran. He was sedulous in the discharge of ST. JOHN'S CHURCH, MULBERRY STREET, NEWARK. his duties as a pastor, watchful of what might promote religion, and fond of his library and his books. Of a highly cultivated mind, he had a most playful and exquisite wit, but it was of that rare kind that never offends charity." Archbishop McCloskey, Bishop Bacon, and many priests attended his funeral. Bishop Bayley preached amid the sobs of the congregation, the tears streaming from his own eyes. " Father Moran's systematic habits, 74 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH the care and devotion with which he recited the divine office, the earnestness with which he prepared children for the first recep- tion of holy Communion and Confirmation — his reverence for the house of God and His sanctuary— all showed what an influence that saintly man (Bishop Brut^) made upon his disciples " (Diary of Bishop Bayley). St. John's is the oldest church in the State, and the present is the fourth structure ; and it was consecrated May, 1858. After the death of Vicar-General Moran, which occurred July 25th, 1866, the following were successively rectors of St. John's church : Rev. James Moran, nephew of the deceased rector, No- vember, 1866; Rev. Louis Schneider, November, 1867; Rev. Thomas M. Killeen, who built the new rectory adjoining the church and did much for St. John's, November, 1868; Rev. Pat- rick Leonard was rector in December, 1 878 ; Rev. Louis Gambos- ville, who personally and with great care and labor rewrote the church's records of births and marriages from the foundation to his time, and who was the second incumbent to die (January, 1892); Rev. Thomas A. Wallace, administrator, from January, 1892, to February 27th, 1892; and February, 1892, Rev. J. P. Poels, the incumbent. The assistant rectors were Rev. Fathers Guth, 1837; Farrell, 1838; Bacon, 1838; Donahue, 1845; Hana- han, 1846; Callan, 1848; Senez, 1849; Conroy, 1852; McGuire, 1853; Tubberty, 1854; Castet, 1858; McCloskey, i860; Byrne, 1 861; Moran, 1863; Wiseman, 1867; Rolando, 1867; Nardiello, 1867; Whelan, 1878; Corrigan, 1879; White, 1882; McGahan, 1892; and John A. Fanning, D.D. Rev. Father Poels is now rector of St. John's, and his administration has already been signalized by a marked advancement of church affairs and an entire renovation of the church property. The history of St. John's is in very fact the history of Cathol- icity in New Jersey. The "mother of all the churches " of the diocese, from her sanctuary have gone forth several zealous and exemplary missionaries to propagate the faith, and among these may be mentioned Most Rev. Michael Augustine Corrigan, D.D,, Archbishop of New York; the late Very Rev. James A. Corri- gan, for several years vice-president of Seton Hall College; Rev. George W. Corrigan, of St. Joseph's, Newark; and the late Rev. ^Martin O'Connor, of Peoria, 111. IN NEW JERSEY 75 St. John's Church, Paterson. The first priest who placed his foot within what are at present the corporate Umits of the city of Paterson was Father Phihp Larriscy, an Augustinian monk who spoke Irish well and came here from New York, probably in 1822, Just what year he came here is not positiveh' known, but it seems to be tolerably well estab- lished that he was here for some years previous to Father Lang- ton. The name of this priest is generally misspelled. He was the Rev. Arthur Langdill, and was given faculties throu^out the diocese of Xew York by Bishop Connolly, October 22d, 181 7. The first Mass in Paterson was celebrated in the residence of Michael Gillespie, which stood in Market Street on the site of the present Ekings building. Father Larriscy was a missionary priest who travelled between New York and Philadelphia and visited Paterson ever)' few weeks. Father LangdOl was the second priest who celebrated Mass in Paterson. The Gillespies had removed to Belleville, and so a room for the holding of divine service was fitted up in the resi- dence of Robert McNamee on the comer of Broadway and Mul- berry Street. Here the Catholics attended ]\Iass for several years. Father Langdill was also a missionar}- priest, going from New York to Paterson, to Macopin, Bottle Hill, and other places ; then returning to Paterson, which was a more important Catholic settlement than any in this part of the State. On his return to New York from Paterson Father Langdill stopped at the residence of Mr. Gillespie at Belleville, and after celebrating Mass there pro- ceeded to Newark, where there were very few Catholics, and from thence to New York. This seems to have been the route taken by the earlier Catholic clerg}'men, for even Father Bulger, who was not ordained until 181 5, said Mass in the residence of Mr. Gillespie. Father Richard Bulger was educated at Kilkenn\- College, Ire- land, and was ordained a priest in 181 5 by Bishop Connolly. He was for some time the assistant pastor of the Cathedral in New York, but spent most of his nine years of priesthood in adminis- tering spiritual consolation to the Catholics in Paterson and vicinity. It was he who in 1820 erected the first building used exclusively for divine service by Catholics in Paterson, and he was the first parish priest in this city. Previous to this time he followed in the footsteps of his predecessors in journeying from 76 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH place to place, preaching the word of God h\' the way and sa)"ing Mass and administering the rites of the Church whene\-er oppor- ST. U'HX !. I.HIKI.H. MAIN AM) CKAMi STRKETS. rATERSOX. tunit\- afforded. In iSji Mr. Roswell I,. Colt, in behalf of the Societ\- for Establishing Useful Manufactures, offered to all the IN NEW JERSEY 77 various denominations in Paterson ground on whicii to erect houses of worship. This generous offer was accepted by the Cath- oUcs, and in this way they came into possession of a piece of prop- erty situated on the southwest corner of Congress (now Market) and Mill streets. The deed was given to the Catholics "for the purpose of erecting, maintaining, and keeping a building or house for the public worship of God," a clause in the deed providing for reversion of the property to the donor as soon as the property was used for any other purpose than that of divine worship. There were at that time only thirteen Catholic families in Pater- son, but the prejudice against the Catholic Church which charac- terized its earlier history in this country had subsided, and the Catholics received aid from persons of other denominations. This, added to their own generous gifts of money and labor, pro- duced a building 25 x 30 feet in size and one story high. The room was furnished with a plain altar and a number of wooden benches without backs, which served as pews, and the attendance on Sundays did not exceed fifty, unless there was an influx of Catholics from some village not supplied with a church. Mass was celebrated every Sunday morning and vespers in the after- noon. The church was named for St. John the Baptist, and the building still stands where it was erected in 1821, although it has been considerably altered, leather Bulger was taken sick in 1824, while assistant pastor at the Cathedral in New York, where he died in November of that year. He was buried in front of St. Patrick's Cathedral. Although Father Bulger's years as a priest were few, they were devoted to the cause of the Lord with an energy and faith- fulness which made him so prominent a figure in the early his- tory of the Church in Paterson. The Rev. John Shanahan, the successor of P''ather Bulger, was appointed missionary of the State of New Jersey— so much of it as was included in the diocese of New York— from Jersey City to the neighborhood of Trenton — with Paterson as a centre. He had been educated at Mount St. Mary's, and ordained in 1823 by Bishop Connolly. On leaving Paterson he was associated with Father Moran in St. John's, Newark, 1846, to May 9th, 1848; thence he went to Utica, and afterward to California. He re- turned to New York and found a home in St. Peter's, where, although deprived of his sight, he led a cheerful life, 'edifying his priestly penitents by his resignation and serenity. After hear- ing their confession, the penance he usually gave them was : " For 78 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH your penance you will now sit down and read this book for me for fifteen minutes." He died August 8th, 1 870, aged seventy-eight years. Father Charles Brennan — or Brannin, as it is printed in con- temporaneous newspapers — came ne.xt. He had been educated in Kilkenny College, Ireland, and had been ordained by Bishop Con- nolly in 1822. He conceived the idea of erecting a new church, as the Catholics were rapidly increasing in numbers, and proceeded to carry his design into execution. He made a number of tours through the surrounding country soliciting subscriptions, and it was while thus engaged that he was taken sick. He went to New York, where he died in March, 1826, and his remains were in- terred by the side of Father Bulger. While Father Brennan was lying sick in New York, Father John Conroy — uncle of the late Bishop John J. Conroy of Albany — was sent to Paterson to look after the welfare of St. John's con- gregation. Father Conroy was educated in Mount St. Mary's College and was ordained by Bishop Connolly in 1825. He was subsequently assistant at the Cathedral in New York and assist- ant at St. Lawrence's Church in Eighty-fourth Street, New York. He died chaplain of Calvary Cemetery. Father Francis O'Donoghue was the next priest. He took up the work left unfinished by Father Shanahan and collected money for the new church. The construction of the Morris Canal at this time brought to Paterson a large number of Cath- olic Irishmen, and it was found that the congregation of St. John's received such numerous accessions that it was necessary to con- struct a gallery in the church building on Congress and Mill streets. Mr. Colt, in behalf of the Society for Establishing Use- ful Manufactures, showed a disposition not to extend to the Cath- olic Church any favors he had not shown to congregations of other denominations, and at first refused to gi\'e the church any more property or permit the sale of the real estate on which the church was situated. Rt. Rev. Bishop Du Bois then came to Paterson, and he and Father O'Donoghue called to see Mr. Colt. After a conference Mr. Colt was induced to withdraw his objections to the sale of the Mill Street property, and the congregation obtained from him the tract of land on Oliver Street on which stands the church in which St. John's congregation worshipped nearly a third of a century. The consideration mentioned in the deed from the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures to the trustees of St. John's IN NEW JERSEY 79 Chapel is $2,000, but this ami.uint is chari;-e(:l to Roswcll L. CoU on the society's journal, foli(j 153, so that the Oliver Street pro]i- ert)' was a gift from Mr. C'<_)lt himself. There is a clause in the will of Mr. Colt by which his executors are ihrected to donate to charities one-tenth of his estate unless it sliall appear that he during his lifetime had already disposed of one-tenth of his estate in this manner. Fatlier O'Donoghue was greatly assisted in his work by a )"oLing man named Ambrose Manahan, who boarded at Mr. Hugh Brady's house and who re- cei\-ed his instructions for the priesthoi.id from h'ather 0'I)on(.)ghue. Mr. Manahan was a young man of brilliant genius ; he subsecjuently went to the Propaganda at Rome, where he was ordained priest on August 29th, 1S41, by Cardmal Franz(jni and made a doctor of divinit\' ; he sub- sequently returned to this countr\;, where he became president of St. John's Col- lege and pastor of St. Jo- seph's Church in New York. His remains lie buried in New York. The arrangements for the building of a new church in Oliver Street were made in 1828, the }-ear in which the tiaistees of St. John's Church obtaineid the grant r)f the land from Mr. Colt. Rt. Re\-. Bish(.)p Du !>( >is, who had so generously interested himself in the welfare of the congregation, solicited subscriptions, and among others (.)btained one (A $2,000 from a Southern gentleman. Father r)uff\" and the trustees of the chui-ch were indefatigaiile in their efforts and in 1829 the foundation of the new church was laid. It was intended to erect a churcli hft\"-fi\e feet front ami one hundred feet deep, and the work pi"ogressed ta\'oi-abl\' until the foundation wall had been erected and the lower windo\\' fi\ames fixed in their places. Unfortunate dissensions annmg the mem- bers of the congregation then arose, and to this was addled the debate of the question whether Church property in the State RlfaiT KE\-. JOHN DU lioIS,D.D., Third Bishop (1S26; of Xew Yotk. Horn Aut;-. 24tll, 1764. Died Dec. 20th, 1842. 8o THE CATHOLIC CHURCH should be held by trustees, as had hitherto been the case, or whether the title to the Church property should be vested in the name of the bishop of the diocese. The result was that the work on the new church was stopped for the time being and the con- gregation continued worshipping in the old church, on Market and Mill streets, which had been somewhat improved. In 1832 the trustees of the church were Charles O'Neill, John P. Brown, Joseph Warren, Andrew Lynch, James D. Kiley, and Andrew Grififith. There was no question that the church on Market and Mill streets was too small and that something had to be done to accommodate the constantly and rapidly increasing congregation. So in the early part of 1833 the trustees above mentioned, together with a number of other gentlemen prominent in the church, held a meeting in the yard of the old church on Market and Mill streets and deliberated what to do. It was soon apparent that there were two factions. The one faction favored doubling the size of the church on Market and Mill streets and abandoning the Oliver Street enterprise. The other faction, of which Mr. O'Neill was the leader, insisted that a new church be erected on Oliver Street, and Mr. O'Neill argued strongly in favor of this project. The meeting finally adjourned without having come to any conclusion. The friends of the Oliver Street church then visited their oppo- nents at their residences, and by dint of argument and persuasion finally induced them to give their consent to the new project, so that at a meeting held two weeks after the first meeting it was resolved to go on with the work on Oliver Street. It was then discovered that some of the trustees and a portion of the congre- gation favored constructing the church. on the foundations as originally built in 1829; the larger and more conservative ele- ment considered the limited resources of the church and finally prevailed. Changes were made in the plans, a portion of the foundation was taken down, so as to bring the windows nearer to the ground, and the second Catholic church in Paterson was erected. The church on Mill and Market streets had been sold for $1,625. Subscriptions came in better than had been antici- pated and the church was compelled to borrow but little ; that little was raised on the individual notes of prominent Catholics, and when the church was completed there was very little debt. The work on the church was done under the superintendence of the trustees and Father Patrick Duffy, the pastor of the church. Father Duffy had no clergyman to assist him, but his energy and untiring zeal were equal to all occasions ; and when he left Pater- IN NEW JERSEY 8i son in 1 836 it was with the sincerest regrets of all the members of the congregation, and the most hearty wishes for his future welfare followed him to the new scenes of his labors, Newburg, Cold Spring, and Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Catholicity had not as yet taken deep root in that vicinity and Father Duffy had a large field but a small flock. With the increase in the number of the Catholics more priests were needed, and Father Duffy confined his labors to the city of Newburg, where he died, June 20th, 1853. Father Duffy was succeeded by Father Philip O'Reilly, who still lives in the pleasant recollections of hundreds of citizens of Paterson. He continued until 1845 as the sole shepherd of St. John's congregation. He was a large and powerfully built man, of commanding presence and very social qualities. " Mad Phil " he was called by his brother priests, and was often seen walking through the streets with a string of game, gun over his shoulder, followed by his hounds, in true hunting dress. He mixed a great deal with persons of other faiths, and by his sociability, brilliancy, and powerful arguments succeeded in destroying a great deal of prejudice which had previously existed against the Catholic religion. A plate was always set for him at Colonel Colt's table, who was to the end a most ardent admirer of the bluff, honest, yet withal devoted priest. It is related of him that summoned, as well as the leading priests of the diocese, to the archbishop's resi- dence in Mott Street, and displeased with the nature of the busi- ness they were called to discuss, he arose to take his departure. Bishop Hughes attempted to stop him. " Stand aside, sir; this is no place for me, when my people are dying of the cholera," and off he went. Father O'Reilly belonged to one of the oldest and most respectable families in Ireland. He was born in the town of Scraba, County Cavan, a county which was once called O'Reilly's county. He traced his ancestry back to beyond the time of James I., and at the time of his labors in Paterson some of his kinsmen were still in possession of the estates which had belonged to the family for centuries. He was educated in Spain, being a member of the order of St. Dominic, and trav- elled through Italy, France, and England. For some years he was chaplain to the Duke of Norfolk, a position of ease and honor. The duties there were, however, not enough for the restless and untiring spirit of Father O'Reilly, and so when less than thirty years of age he left Europe to seek for sterner 6 82 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH duties in this country. He was first stationed at Poughkeepsie and then came to Paterson. From this city he went to Cold Spring, N. Y., where he built the first Catholic church. He was then removed to West Troy, and afterward placed in charge of St. Bridget's Church in New York. As pastor of this church he died in the sixty-second year of his life on the 7th of December, 1854. His remains were interred on the 9th of the same month in St. Patrick's Cathedral, the funeral being attended by a large concourse of admiring and sorrowful friends, both of the clergy and laity. In the latter part of the pastorate of Father O'Reilly the congregation of St. John's had so increased in numbers that it was found necessary to enlarge the church. Steps were accord- ingly taken in this direction, but the project was not carried into execution until some time after the advent of Father James Quin, who came to Paterson in 1845. There was considerable discussion concerning the plans of the addition, and the work was not begun until 1846. Instead of erecting the church to the size of the old foundation walls — which had been entirely torn down and used in the construction pf the first part of the church in 1833 — the build- ing was made thirteen feet longer, so that the present size of the church is one hundred and thirteen feet deep and fifty-five front. The original plot of land obtained from Mr. Colt would not have permitted the erection of a building of that size, and so an arrangement was entered into with the county — which at that time was contemplating the erection of the present county jail — by which the congregation deeded to the county a gore of land in return for another gore of similar size. The addition to the church was built by Col. Andrew Derrom, and resulted in a vexa- tious lawsuit which was decided in favor of the congregation. Shortly after the completion of the addition the seating capacity of the church was considerably enlarged by the erection of a gal- lery on the sides of the church. The seating capacity of the church was about thirteen hundred. As was the case with the first half of the church building, the moneys needed for the construction came in in a very satisfactory manner, so that the church had very little debt when the structure was accepted from the contractors. When Father James Quin came to Paterson to take charge of St. John's congregation, his brother, Thomas, was preparing for ordination, and after Father James Quin had been here about a year he was joined by his brother, who came to Paterson as soon as he had been ordained. Father James Quin was of delicate IN NEW JERSEY i,l health, and in addition to the assistance of his brother had the occasional services of Rev. Dr. Cummings, who frequently came to Paterson from St. Stephen's Church. Father James Quin died on the 13th of June, 1851, being at the time pastor of the church. He was the only priest who died in Paterson, and his remains are interred in the cemetery on Sand)" Hill. P'ather Thomas Ouin succeeded his brother as pastor of the church and remained about a year. He was educated at St. Joseph's Semi- nary, at Fordham, and was or- dained b\- Right Rev. Bishop Hughes on June 14th, 1849. His remains are interred at Rahway in this State, of which place he was pastor. Father Thomas Ouin was succeeded bv Father L. D. Senez, who came in 1853 and remained until 1858. In the latter part of his pastorate he was assisted frequentl)- on Sundays by Father G. McMahcin. Father Senez came from St. Ann's, New York and when he left he went to Jersey Cit)-, where he built St. Mary's Church. He made a number of im- provements to the Oliver Street church in this city, and it was with the greatest regrets that the Catholics of Pater- son saw him depart for other fields. Father \'ictor Beaudevin succeeded P'ather Senez in 1858 and remained until October, 1861. He was a member of the Society of Jesus and was ordained a priest b}' Rt. Rev. Bishop Hughes on May 25th, 1850. When he left Paterson he rejoined the Order of Jesuits. He was assisted by Father J. Schandel, who was sub- sequently the first pastor of St. Boniface's Church of this city, in the erection of which church he receu'ed material assistance from Father Beaudevin. Father James Callan came to St. John's congregation in 1S61 and remained about two years, leaving here in October, 1863. He was one of the most energetic priests that ever came to Paterson. REV. LOUIS do:mixic sexez. Born June. 1S15. Died Feb. nth, 1900 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH C-: ilic Churvh. His death constituted iso'des in tte history' oi tr.e Cat-tjlic Bar anicr on wn-ica iie was. was ciscoverea to ;t confusMTi ensued and an atten:c' t'> nan ler." and res'i-rtm;: t-i' all W'aile n: IN NEW JERSEY 85 kinds of expedients to save their lives, Father Callan busied him- self giving spiritual consolation and administering the last sacra- ments and rites of the Church. He had ample opportunity to save his life, but the poor distressed on shipboard, who had been injured by the explosion which had taken place, and some of whom were dying, called for the consolations of religion, and Father Callan remained to dispense them. He died while in the discharge of his duty — the death of a hero and a martyr. In 1863 Father William McNulty, the present pastor of St John's congregation, came to Paterson and took charge of the for- tunes and spiritual welfare of the constantly increasing congrega- tion. The Oliver Street church had become too small and could no longer hqld the large numbers which crowded to it every Sun- day for the purpose of attending divine worship. Father McNulty consequently set to work preparing a new edifice. It was his in- tention to provide a church which should be large enough to afford every Catholic in the city all the conveniences of attending Mass and receiving the sacraments, and at the same time he intended to erect a structure which would be a credit to the liberality and enterprise of the congregation. He accordingly entered into negotiations with the Society for Establishing Useful Manufact- ures, and in 1865 purchased from it sixteen lots on the corner of Grand and Main streets. The new enterprise seemed to infuse new vigor into the members of the congregation, and the full amount of the purchase money of the real estate was raised in two months. Preparations were made for the construction of the new church, and on September lOth, 1865, the corner-stone was laid. The erection of the walls of the church was at once proceeded with. The stone used in the construction of the church was brought by canal from Little Falls and dressed on the ground as required. The slate used in the roof was imported from England. The chime of bells, the only one in the city, which- had been used in the Oli- ver Street church, was transferred to the new edifice. Before the completion of the main building a neat little chapel was built on the northeast corner of the property ; this was at once fitted up and is at present used for confessionals and other purposes. The total seating capacity of the new church is 1,750. The time occu- pied to build the church was fourteen years. In 1872 the congregation purchased four lots of land on Grand Street, east of the church building, from the Society for Estab- lishing Useful Manufactures, paying therefor the sum of $10,800. The property was bought for the purpose of erecting a parsonage. 86 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH and work on this was begun soon after the acquirement of the real estate. The parsonage is a handsome structure, built in the same style as the church and of similar materials. The congregation retains the old church property in Oliver Street, but a number of important alterations were made. The building was changed into a hall for lectures, concerts, entertain- ments, and the like, and is known as St. John's Hall. A portion of the building is used for school purposes to -relieve the parochial school which adjoins it. On September 7th, 1 866, Mr. William G. Watson bought at an auction sale of the estate of Cornelius P. Hopper, deceased, 24.92 acres of land, on the east side of Haledon Avenue, and north of East Main Street, and the next day conveyed it to the same church, for ;^ 10,770, the object being to locate a cemetery there. A few interments were made in the new grounds, but an act of the legislature, approved February 26th, 1 867, prohibited the location or establishment of " any cemetery or burial ground within the limits and boundaries of the city of Paterson," and further pro- hibited the use "for the purposes of burial," of "any cemetery or burial grounds established within one year within said city." May 1st, 1867, the church bought of Bartlett Smith and wife, for ^15,500, three adjoining tracts of land, embracing 73.19 acres in all, at Totowa, just west of the city line, and near the Lincoln bridge, extending from the river back to the Preakness Mountain. Here was located the " Cemetery of the Holy Sepulchre," taste- fully laid out, containing 3,208 lots (1,126 consecrated and 2,082 unconsecrated), and ornamented and improved as well as the ex- ceedingly sandy soil will allow (Nelson's History'). The farmhouse situated on the property purchased from Mr. Smith was changed into an orphan asylum; since that time a number of alterations and additions have been made. The children in the institution are under the charge of the Sisters of Charity. The children of St. John's for more than half a century have had the blessings of a Catholic teacher. First they came under the hands of the rough, but highly competent and ubiquitous Irish schoolmaster, m 1845; then, in 1853, the schools were put m charge of the Sisters of Charity, from Mount St. Vincent's, New York ; and, in 1 872 the Christian Brothers were brought to take charge of the boys' department. This Catholic training has borne its fruit, as is evident from the many zealous priests, children of the parish, taking up the work of the early missionaries and reaping rewards and honors. IN NEW JERSEY 87 the recognition of their zeal and success in the ministry. Among them the Re\'. James McManus, pastor of the Sacred Heart, East Orange ; the Rev. John A. Morris, Avondale ; the Rev. M. A. McManus, St. Aloysius', Newark; the Rt. Rev. Monsignor John A. Sheppard, Vicar-General and pastor of St. Michael's, Jersey RT. REV. WINAND M. WIGGER, D.D., Third Bishop of Newark (from i83i to 190O. Born Dec. 9th, 1S41. Died Jan. 5th, 1901. City; the Rev. Robert E. Burke, Princeton, N. J.; the Rev. Alphonsus Rossiter, a distinguished member of the Passionist congregation; the Rev. William McLoughlm, Union Hill, and many others in this and other dioceses. Others have joined the Christian Brothers; and others still have entered the Society 88 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH of Jesus. Among the early recruits of the nascent Community of the Sisters of Charity were daughters of the parish, and their example has been followed year after year by other devoted women, who one and all have served the Master in serving those who are dear to Him, the " little ones " in the school and the orphanage, the destitute and the sick. Never was a parish so blessed in its children. On the 29th of June, 1890, the last gem was added to the diadem so queenly worn by this venerable church. On that ever- memorable day was solemnly consecrated to the worship of the ever-living God the magnificent edifice on the corner of Main and Grand streets, by the Rt. Rev. Winand M. Wigger, D.D. In his last will Charles O'Neill made the orphans an equal share with each of his children, and Robert Hamill founded a burse for the education of an ecclesiastical student — examples that others equally blessed might to their own spiritual profit and the edification of their neighbor imitate. St. Peter's, New Brunswick. At a very early period Catholicity was found in New Bruns- wick. John Phelan, a native of Queen's County, Ireland, settled there in the early part of the nineteenth century, and found that other families — the Costigans and others — of his old neighbor- hood had preceded him. He was a man of prominence and abil- ity, for during the War of 1812-15 he was cashier of the Bank of New Brunswick. He afterward moved to Alabama, and his son, John Dennis Phelan, became judge of the Supreme Court of that State {Irish Settlers in North America, p. 172, T. D. McGee). Then arrived another colony from the province of Ulster, Ireland. They did not number fifty in all, and came in two divisions, the first about 1 814, the second in 1 816. Included among these were the McDede, McConlough, McGrady, McShane, Campbell, Hagerty, Gillen, Kelly, De Vinne, Murphy, Butler, and Hasson families. These children from the Isle of Saints form the original stock of the present Catholic population. For years they met in the house of one or the other to recite the rosary and keep burning the light of faith. The first priest, concerning whom there is any recollection, who visited New Brunswick, was a Father McDonough. He was on his way from New York to Philadelphia. As he was going up George Street, Mr. Butler and another Catholic were IN NP,W JKRSEY 89 coming down. The pair espied tlie stranger and surmised from his appearance that lie was a priest. He noticed that thc\' were comparing notes concerning liim, and stepped over to i)iterview them. ''You're Irislrmen," was liis opening. " VVe are," was the response. "And Catlrolics ? " he continued. "And you're a priest," came tlie cjuiclv half-question, lialf-affirmati\e. "I am," was the answer, which settled their surmises and which opened for ST. Peter's church. Mgr. O'Grady's Church, New Brunswick. him a welcome such as Irishmen alone could give to the first priest they had seen in their midst since they landed. The priest stayed at Butler's that night, and preached to the Catholics who gathered there that evening, and the next day started for Philadelphia. Next came the Rev. Dr. Power from St. Peter's, New York, about 1825. He said the fiist Mass ever celebrated in the town, in a house occupied by Terence Rice, in the upper end of Albany 90 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Street. The first baptism administered in New Brunswick was to Sarah Butler in 1825. Later on, when Rice moved to the old " Bartle Mansion " on Church Street, where Zimmerman's store now is. Mass was said there once a month. In 1829 Father Schneller came in Dr. Power's place every month. • He suggested and urged the building of a church. The people were delighted with the idea. But the most difficult part of the plan was to obtain a plot. No one would sell ground for a Catholic church. In this difficulty Father Schneller borrowed $600 from a Dr. Springer, of New York, a Protestant, and entrusted it to Robert Butler, with instructions to try to buy from Dominie Jacob Edmunds the plot opposite the present public school on Bay- ard Street. Butler saw the dominie, and sa.id he wanted the pro- perty for himself and his children — which was true as far as it went. The sale was successfully consummated in the name of Butler. But when the transfer was made to the priest, there ensued great excitement and objection on the part of our separated brethren ; nevertheless the church went up just the same, and it was called SS. Peter and Paul's. The Rev. Joseph A. Schneller, an Austrian by birth and ordained in New York December 24th, 1827, by Bifehop Dubois, was a singularly gifted priest, ever ready with tongue and pen to defend the Church against her enemies. When sent to New Brunswick he set to work with energy and zeal to build a church, and collected funds for that pyrpose . in New York. To him be- longs the credit of sowing the seed of faith in that part of New Jersey. He remained in New Brunswick until 1833, when, con- jointly with the Rev. Thomas C. Levins, he edited the New York Weekly Register djL-\d Catholic Diary, October 5 th, 1833. He was for long pastor in Albany, and afterward in Brooklyn. He died September i8th, 1862. The church, the corner-stone of which was laid by Very Rev. Felix Varela, V G., and erected by Father Schneller, was a plain, unpretentious structure of brick, with but two windows, and unadorned in any part with paint. It was blessed by Father Schneller December 19th, 1831. Father Schneller came once a month and said Mass till 1833. At times his place was filled by Father, afterward Bishop O'Reilly who went down with the steamer Pacific some years ago. In 1833 Father McArdle came and took up his residence in New Brunswick, where he remained until 1839, when he was transferred to Belleville. It was in his time that the terrible IN NEW JERSEY 91 tornado, which visited New Brunswick with such sad results in 1835, tore away the rear end of the tliurch. The open space was closed up witlr boards, and so remained until 1847. For some time the people were again without a resident priest, but Fatlier Madranno and after him Father Donaher came every two weeks and said Mass and ministered to the faithful. In 1842 came Father McGuire, who took up his residence with Mr. Boylan, and remained until 1846, saying Mass every Sunday in the little brick church. Father McGuire found it necessary to extend his labors to South Amboy and Somerville. Tn August, 1843, he reported the number of Cathdlics in New Brunswick as two hundred and fifty; at Alban\-, fifteen miles away, sixt)' ; and about the same nvunber at Prince- ton and near by. In 1846 he was transferred to Brooklyn, and died pastor of St. John's, Gowanus, October 25th, 1872, aged seventy-seven years. It is related of him that Bishop Loughlin, remarking in his financial statement a very large item for "groceries," inquired what need the church had for groceries. He replied, " Brooms, my lord, brooms." And in 1845 came P^ather Rogers. A glance at his previous history will be in- REV. JOHN ROGER.S, Patriarch of New Brunswick. Born Died 18S7. He was born in County Fermanagh, Ireland, and was well advanced in the classics when he met Bishop Dubois at his cous- in's in Dublin. The bishop gained the good will of the young student, who soon after left home and came to New York at his lordship's invitation. Before leaving home he went to the curate, between whom and himself there was a warm friendship, to seek his blessing. "God bless you," said the priest; "and maybe I'll soon be after you to the big land." "Little did I then think," said Father Rogers some time since, " that I would ever see him 92 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH again, much less that I would one day succeed him here as pas- tor of St. Peter's." The curate alluded to was the Rev. Father McArdle, the first resident pastor. Having finished his studies at Chambly and Montreal, he was ordained priest in 1834 by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Lartigue. For some months, on request of Bishop Lartigue, he remained in Canada, to administer the sacraments to some of the English- speaking residents ; but his own superior, Bishop Dubois, recalled and appointed him to the parish of Onondaga, N. Y. As a pioneer in this section of the country much hard work was his share, but he proved equal to the burden, and soon a new church was started, and by his untiring energy and earnest cooperation of the people successfully completed. Indeed, so great was his zeal that it nearly cost him his life, for, giving all the time possi- ble to the supervision of the new structure, he was one day on the ground when a hod-carrier was taken sick. The masons were calling for mortar, and a strong effort was being made to have a certain portion of the wall finished at a fixed time. The sun sent his fierce rays down upon the workers, yet the priest seized the hod and actually carried brick and mortar till he was sunstruck himself. And it was while he was in bed under this stroke that a sick call came. He was wanted to attend a man fourteen miles off. The doctor told the priest he would never reach the place alive. Nothing daunted, the young priest ordered a bed to be put in a wagon, saying to those around him : " I took the cross, and I am not going to throw it down now that a man needs my help to get to heaven. If I only reach him — and, please God, I will — and administer the sacraments, I'm not afraid to die in har- ness." And so he, on his bed, was taken to the man in his bed. The priest prepared the sick man and was carried home. The doctor's prophecy never got a more living denial. During the ten years he remained in Onondaga he was often known to attend sick calls at a distance of fifty miles, and on one occasion went over one hundred miles in a sleigh to administer the sacraments. Yet amidst all this he found time for teaching the children, as instanced in the case of Bishop Baltes, who received his first Latin lessons from him in Onondaga. In 1844 he was sent to Jersey City, where he resided with Father Kelly, and went every Sunday for some time to say Mass in Hoboken. In 1845 Bishop Hughes sent him to New Brunswick, telling him that he would have to soak the rod of firmness in the oil of IN NEW JERSEY 93 kindness, and with it whip out the serpent of the hateful old trustee system, which there, as elsewhere, had caused much trouble. And the priest was faithful to the charge ; for though the serpent raised its head the first Sunday he came, and occa- sionally afterward, he then and always beat it down stoutly, yet without any noise or commotion. The year before he came, the church had been sold under foreclosure and bought in for the congregation for ^600. Mean- time Mass was said in Mr. Boylan's, on Church Street. Father Rogers's first step was to lift this debt, and this he soon did by extraordinary work, and the church was again opened. In 1 847 he tore away the boards that enclosed the back of the church and enlarged the edifice. Next he built a school and had about thirty children in attendance. Meanwhile he lived in a lit- tle house beside the church, and some of the old folks laughingly tell that when they called on the priest he would invite them in and bid them take a chair, seating himself on his trunk beside a little wooden table. Then, allowing the visitor to remain in per- plexity for some moments, he would suddenly, as if reminded of the fact, apologize for the absence of chairs by saying in a very confidential tone that he had loaned them out the night before to a wedding party. We might state that the time the church was built many of the remains of persons buried in the Episcopal cemetery were trans- ferred to the plot purchased by the Catholics. Under Father Rogers the congregation continued to increase with great rapidity. New Jersey or the greater part of it was then included in the New York diocese, with Bishop Hughes presiding, and the priest was required to attend to the spiritual wants of South Amboy, Woodbridge, Somerville, Princeton, and Millstone, in addition to this city. He would have Mass at eight o'clock in this city on one Sunday, and then go in a carriage to Amboy or one of the other places mentioned and say Mass there at eleven o'clock; the succeeding week going to either one of these places on Saturday evening to hear confessions, and next morning, after having Mass at eight o'clock, would drive to this city in time to have Mass here at eleven o'clock, thus alternating between the places. This was a thriving city then, but more in a commercial than a manufacturing aspect, the first thing in the way of a factory having been a saw mill, which was started in a deep lock by either James or Schuyler Neilson, some time about the year 1838. Dur- 94 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH ing the summer of the year 1836 the railroad bridge was built, and subsequently the first rubber factory was started here by Mr. Horace Day, who when a boy attended a private school in this city taught by Mr. Jonathan White, a "down-east" Yankee, and an excellent scholar. Shortly after starting the factory Horace sent a rubber boat as a present to the Bey of Tunis, and received in return a valuable present set in jewels. He afterward removed to Newark. The factories increasing brought an increase of population, principally Irish, so that with those already here and those who came later it became necessary to build a larger church to accommodate them, and the property where the present St. Peter's Church stands was purchased, and during the winter fol- lowing, in 1854, the work of excavating for the foundation was commenced, many of the laborers, out of employment at the time, giving their work gratis to help the enterprise along. It was not until 1865 that the building was entirely completed, although previous to this both the basement and Jhe upper church had been used for service. In 1867 the Rev. Major Duggan was ap- pointed assistant, with the more ample power of administrator, to relieve the burden of the venerable pastor. Father Duggan con- verted the old church into a school, introduced the Sisters of Charity, and founded several societies. Under his administration the George Street property, later used as a school, was bought, as also the present rectory, the Sisters' house built, and the chime of bells hung in the tower. His successor, September, 1873, was the Rev. Patrick F. Downes, who continued the good work inaug- urated by Father Duggan, who was transferred to St. Mary's, Hoboken. In May, 1891, the Rev. John A. O'Grady was trans- ferred from the parish of Our Lady, Boonton, which, owing to a collapse of all the industries of that once busy town, was a forlorn hope when he was assigned, but which by his able financial man- agement and persistent effort he left in a flourishing condition. In coming to New Brunswick a heavy task awaited him, but he courageously faced it, rallying the congregation to his assistance, and inspiring them with new courage and greater efforts. The heavy burden of debt has practically disappeared, the church has been adorned and beautified, a new sacristy built, and one of the finest school buildings, St. Peter's School and Columbia Hall, erected. He has raised his schools to the highest degree of effi- ciency, advanced in every way the interests of his people, and en- joys the respect and esteem of all classes. He was honored by Bishop O'Farrell with the dignity of dean; IN NEW JERSEY 95 and, at the request of the Rt. Rev. James A. McFaiil, 1)1)., he was made a domestic prelate of His Mohness Leo XIII. The venerable Father Rogers, crowned with fulness of years, hallowed by the affection of every one without exception in the city in which during almost fifty years he had labored, answered the call of the Master and entered upon the reward of a well-spent life. He died July, 1887. In his panegyric of the good, modest, cheer)' old pastor, to whom he had been more than a friend, Monsignor O'Grady said : " If I were to single out any one feature as prominent in Father Rogers's long life of half a century in the priest- hood, I would say that his characteristic virtue was fidel- ity at all times to the duties of his sacred office. To de- vote half a century to the various details of the sacred ministry, to be ever at his post, in season and out of season, requires a spirit of self-sacrifice which reaches the utmost limit of moral heroism. Another trait in the life of Father Rogers was his childlike obedience to ecclesiastical authority. He lived under five different bishops, and, without changing his residence, in three successi\'e dioceses, and through his long and varied career he was ne\er known to be in antagonism to his superiors. This is sa)'ing much for him. The heart of man is prone to pride and rebellion. Cor- rupt nature finds it hard to bend in submission to the swa)' of authority, and it is no mean eulogy to sa)' of Father Rogers that even under trying circumstances he possessed his soul in peace and always graciously deferred to the dictates of his superiors. 'Better is the patient than the strong man, and greater is he that ruleth his spirit than he that taketh cities.' " There are now ten flourishing parishes m the field m which RT. REV. MICHAEL J. O FARRELL, First Bishi^pof Trenton (from iSoi to 1S94), 96 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Father Rogers first came to labor ; and where he found less than five hundred Catholics there are now fourteen thousand seven hundred. St. Peter's Church, Jersey City. The early history of Catholicity in Jersey City is so entirely lost that it is next t(.) impossible to obtain from the mass of con- flicting traditions any reliable details. Powles' Hook was certainly visited x'cry early, not only by priests but, as we have seen, by Bishop Carroll. The few Catholics resident there either went to New York by boat to St. Peter's or were attended by priests from that church. It is said that Mass was first celebrated in the city in 1830. Tlie Associates of the Jersey Company, incorporated by the legislature, No\'embcr loth, 1804, moved by a desire to forward their own interests, as much as by public spirit, decided, 1829, to give to the different religious bodies land for the purpose of erect- ing sc'nools and churches. They were convinced that the differ- ent denominations would erect edifices whose beaut}' would en- hance the value of the ad- joining properties, and their presence would advance the moral welfare of the inhab- itants. Four lots were deed- ed to the Catholics on Grand Street, March loth, 1831. At this time it seems that they were under the spiritual jurisdiction of the Cathedral, in Mott Street. The Rev. William B)'rnes, the first pas- tor, accepted the gift of land from the Associates. His flock was \'ery poor. John Mclver took the contract to build the church, and work was begun in 1837. The site was on the edge of a morass, and as the gift was coupled with the condition of erecting a stone building, sufficient care was not taken to drive adequate piling. The building had not advanced far when it col- FIRST ST. TETER S CHURCH, Cirand Street, Jersey City. IN NEW jp:rsky 97 lapsed, and with it the hopes of the little flock, who saw their scanty earnings and their hopes buried in the nnns. The misfort- une, liowever, pro\cd a bless- ing". It stirred the s\mpathy of their fellow-citizens, who came to their aid with mone\', and mox'ed the Associates to modify their ci_)nditions. In 1836 Father Byrnes was obliged b)- ill health to leave the parish, and died at Platts- burg in 1837. He was suc- ceeded b\- the Rev. Hugh Mohan, who so advanced the work that services were held in the church in 1837. It was dedicated by Archbishop Hughes in 1839, assisted by Bishop Fenwick of Boston. There were then about one hundred Catholics in the con- gregation. Then began the struggle for existence which marked the genesis of each new parish, disheartening alike to the pastor and the flock, l-'mm 1831 to 1844 a series of priests seems to have ministered to the wants o( the conimunit)'. We find the names of the Rev. Bernard O'Reilh', afterward bishop of Hartford, who went down at sea in the ill-fated Pacific, January, 1856; the Re\-. A\'alter Ouarter, who remox'ed to Chicago when his brother was made bishui) of that See, but returned to New York and died there December, 1863; the Rew Patrick Kenn\', of a frail constitution, who after a brief sta\" went to Charleston, S. C, where he died in 1845; the Re\-. Joini Rogers, tlie \-ener- able patriarch of New Brunswick. In 1844 came the saintl)' Father Kelly, who offered for the blacks of Liberia the sacrifice of his life, but which the Master ilid not accept, i-esei'\-ing him for a greater field. If his was not the martvr's death, none that bears the martyr's palm in Paradise excelled his moti\"e and his chaiat)'. The Rev. John Kelly was born in Trillick, parish of Kiliskerr)-, County Tyrone, Ireland. His was the blessing ot so many great and holy men — a good mother, noted for her gentleness and amiability. His early )'ears wei-e chai'acterizetl by that sincere, RE\ . JonX KI-:i,LY, Pastor of St. Peter's Church, Jersey City Ifroin 1S4+ to iS661, Horn 1S05. r)ied 1S66. 98 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH earnest piety which was the charm of his manhood. Every good work attracted him, teaching catechism, reciting the rosary, visit- ing the sick, and journeying even to distant Lough Derg on pil- grimages. That he was a leader in the Rosary Society at the age of fifteen, and a director of the Way of the Cross, and long before he entered the seminary, at the request of his pastor, who was very infirm, instructed the adults of the parish in Christian doc- trine, stamp him at once as a youth of rare and exceptional piety. When the young catechist left for the seminary in 1823, the grief of the parishioners was as great as if they had lost a devoted pas- tor. Father Kelly came to America in 1825. He was admitted to Mount St. Mary's in 1826, and joined the Jesuits, in Frederick, in 1828. But his health failed him, and he returned to the "Mountain," in 1830-31, and was ordained by Bishop Dubois, September 14th, 1833. His first appointment was St. Patrick's, New York, May 8th, 1 834 ; but, in the autumn of the same year, he was sent to the northeastern part of New York to assume charge of a district about half as extensive as Ireland. He said the first Mass in Saratoga in the house of John Costigan. In 1836 Father Kelly was at Sandy Hill and Saratoga, and pastor of Albany from 1837 to 1841, when he set out for Africa. During the Revolution many negro slaves had sought refuge in the ranks of the British army and returned with them to England. Some London philanthropists, with a view of bettering their condition and enabling them to establish their own government and to check the slave trade, restored these negroes to the continent from which they or their fathers had been so rudely torn. Thus was founded Monrovia at Cape Mesurado, and the whole country which it was hoped to colonize was called Liberia. This move- ment spread to the United States, and encouragement was given to free negroes to emigrate to Africa and a powerful society was organized to promote this scheme. A separate society was formed in Maryland with a view of colonizing another territory in Africa in 1833. The attention of the Holy See was called to the sad spiritual condition of these unfortunate colonists by the fathers of the Second Plenary Council of Baltimore, and as the Jesuits were unable in 1834 to take over that mission, Propaganda ex- pressed the desire of the Holy Father that the bishops of New York and Philadelphia should each send a missionary to that field. The Rev. Father Kelly, together with the Rev. Edward Barron and a young catechist, Dennis Pindar, sailed from Baltimore, December 21st, 1841, for Mesurado. It is impossible to exagger- IN NEW JERSEY 99 ate the sufferings this little band endured in the terrible climate. Father Kelly's heroic courage and faith sustained him in his fruitful labors, but at length human fortitude was forced to yield, and Father Kelly was carried on shipboard in a dying condition in 1844. The voyage restored him to health, and he was ap- pointed pastor of Jersc)' City, November 12th, 1844, with a jjarish of about five hundred souls. His zeal f(jr souls, his care of the ST. Peter's church, jersey city. Old Parochial schuol oa the left. Si, Peter's College on the right. children, instructing them in simple and impressi\'e language — so that to-day these children grown to manhood still speak of his explanation of the catechism — his lo\'e for the poor, were the edi- fication of all and the inspiration of the many )'oung Fevites he raised up to continue his work in the Ford's vineyard. Mean- while the circle of his flock enlarged, and to meet the demands of religion he built churches and laid the ftumdations of the new parishes of Hoboken, Hudson City, Bergen Point, etc. He died, poor and in debt, April 28th, 1866. He was succeeded by one of the children of the paiish, the Ivev. Patrick Corrigan, who deco- loo THE CATHOLIC CHURCH rated the present St. Peter's, built by Father Kelly, and handed over to the Society of Jesus the new and the old churches, four cottages, and the parish school, representing a valuation of ^250,- 000. Father Corrigan's desire to see a Catholic college in Jersey City was realized in the erection of the present imposing college by the Rev. V. Beaudevin, S.J. Among the graduates now labor- ing as priests in the diocese are the Rev. Charles Mackel, S.T.L., professor of dogmatic theology in the diocesan seminary, and the Rev. Joseph P. A. McCormick, Ph.D., pastor of Netcong. Among the children of the parish raised to the dignity of the priesthood are the Rev. H. A. Brann, D.D., pastor of St. Agnes', New York, and the late Rev. Thomas J. Toomey and the Rev. Walter M. A. Fleming. The old St. Peter's was sold to the Sisters of Charity, and on its site was erected the present St. Aloysius' Academy and Home. A fine new school was opened in 1898. The follow- ing fathers of the Society of Jesus have been pastors : the Revs. V. Beaudevin, John McQuaid, Peter Cassidy, John Harpes, Joseph Zwinge, and John W. Fox, who is assisted by the Revs. Matthew McDonald, Bryan, Kearney, and Edward McTammany, of the same society. Among the old reliable chronicles is one that refers to a lec- ture that the Rev. Dr. Pise was to have delivered on St. Patrick's Eve, 1843. The learned doctor embarked on the boat, which usually took ten minutes to cross the river, but owing to a tre- mendous snow-storm, which heaped the streets with snow, "it was driven down by the strong wind and tide, in such a manner that after laboring for nearly two hours to gain her destination, she succeeded at length, with the greatest difficulty, in reaching the shore. It was then too late for the service." We are also in- formed of the publication of " Seven Letters," by James Walsh, publisher, Jersey City. "These letters, containing much useful matter on religious doctrine, have been published by Mr. Walsh in a small, cheap volume. His undertaking should be encouraged, especially as he put forth his book under the patronage of the excellent pastor of the church of Jersey City, and his brother, the pastor of St. Mary's. To these reverend gentlemen (Father, later Bishop, Quarter, and his brother. Father Walter Quarter) the letters are dedicated " {Catholic Expositor, March, 1843). IN NEW JERSEY loi The Early History of Catholicity in Jersey City. By Mr. John McGuigan, Lately Deceased. In the early days of Paulus Hook there were two factories which gave employment, the glass works owned and conducted by George and Phenice Dummel, and the American pottery works carried on by David Henderson & Co. Many of the men em- ployed there were Catholics and their families. As they had no church of their own they were glad to go to New York, some- times to St. Peter's, and at others to St. Patrick's in Mott Street. This last church had the preference, from the fact that my uncle Philip O'Brien had a house at the corner of Mott and Hester streets, where old friends and acquaintances, and the lately arrived immigrants were wont to meet after Mass. After a few years the men went to their masters to request their good offices in obtaining for them a site for a church. A committee, consisting of Bernard McQuaid, Thomas McGuigan, and Thomas McCann, waited on the Messrs. Dummel and Henderson, and asked them to assist them. To this request they cheerfully gave their con- sent, to encourage the men in their employ. Application was at once made to the Associates of the Jersey Land Company for a church site. Their request met with favor, and a free grant of four city lots was given to the following denominations: St. Mat- thew's Episcopal Church on Sussex Street, the First Reformed Church on Grand Street, Trinity Methodist Church on York Street, and St. Peter's Church on Grand Street. This was done to a\'oid giving offence to any, and to manifest the broad and lib- eral spirit of the Associates. When this was made known to Bishop Dubois he was more than glad, and he promised to give all the assistance in his power to the establishment of a mission here. He determined at once to provide a monthly Mass. This arrangement was duly announced in the Cathedral, and the Rev. John Conroy, uncle of the late Bishop Conroy, of Albany, was appointed to this work. Accordingly, on the first Sunday in Ad- vent, the last of November, 1829, holy Mass was offered for the first time in Paulus Hook. The place chosen for this important first step in the onward march of Catholicity in the now great Catholic county of Hudson was an unoccupied back room in the house now known as 52 Sussex Street, Jersey City. [The house was the home of Bishop McQuaid's father, and the Bishop re- loa THE CATHOLIC CHURCH members that he was put out of the house to make room for his elders, to his great wonderment and surprise, as he then did not know what Mass meant, and peeked through the shutters to see what was going on. — The Author.] After that, Mass was said on the opposite side of the street at No. 51, the site of the Coyle buildings, in the home of Bernard McQuaid, the father of Bishop McQuaid. The old house was torn down some forty-five (1886) years ago. At the first Mass there were present twenty-four adults, and their names were as follows : Bernard McQuaid and Mary, his wife; Thomas McGuigan and his wife Ann; John Bradley and Margaret, his wife ; John Carr and Mary, his wife ; Edward and Mary Teague ; Michael McLoughlin and Katherine his wife ; George and Mary McAleer ; John and Ellen Mclver ; John and Mary Hunt; Thomas and Jane McCann; Thomas and Ellen Brophy; Owen McCann; Bridget McGuigan, married shortly after to Daniel Slevin, the parents of ex-Alderman James J. Slevin, New York, and Ann Mimm, who, with three exceptions, were natives of the county Tyrone, Ireland. As the number of Catholics increased a larger place became necessary, and divine service was held in a part of an unoccupied house belonging to the late Michael Lynch, 43 Morris Street, now occupied by the Thomas Goddard Columbian Iron Works. The old building disappeared long ago. The old boarding-house of the apprentices of the glass works south of the Morris Canal lock, now 163 Washington Street, and at present a portion of the sugar works of Matthies & Meickers, was the next place of worship. A fourth move was made to the house of John Hunt, where 426 Grove Street now is. While services were held at this place a movement was started by a certain faction of the other denom- inations to induce the Catholics to exchange their church, then in process of construction, and its site for the old carpet factory on Grove Street together with the land attached to it for a cemetery, with a view of converting the church into a court-house. Then, like David's ark, it moved again for a short time to the hotel of Michael Hatch, 89 Railroad Avenue, near Grove Street. The mission next removed to the old Town Hall, 110-112 Sussex Street — the old church edifice occupied by St. Matthew's congregation — from which they moved when they took possession of their new church. They very kindly allowed the Catholics to use it until St. Peter's Church, then building, was finished. When the building was enclosed, and nothing more than bare IN NEW JERSEY 103 walls greeted the vision, possession was taken of it, and the first Mass celebrated on Christmas, 1835. Here for a generation was the faith fostered and propagated, and only when increased num- bers and the prosperous condition of the parishioners demanded a more fitting abiding place for the eucharistic God, was the site which cost the early Catholics so many sacrifices and so much effort abandoned and sold to the Sisters of Charity. Upon its site they reared the present St. Aloysius' Academy and Home. The priests who attended this little flock were: The Rev. John Conroy, St. Patrick's; the Rev. John Powers, St. Peter's; the Rev. Michael Moran, St. Ann's; the Rev. Charles Constan- tine Pise, St. Peter's; the first pastor, William Burns; the sec- ond, Father Michael Mohan; the third, Father Walter C. Quar- ters ; the fourth. Father James Kenny ; the fifth. Father James Murphy; the sixth, Father John Kelly; and the seventh. Father Patrick Corrigan. Under him the church property was passed to the Jesuit Fathers, in whose care it has ever since been. Schools. The first Sunday-school was organized in the old Town Hall by Morgan Nowlan, Michael Ward, and Patrick Powers in 1836. The first parish day-school was organized in the basement of a house on Newark Avenue near Warren Street by John Carr, who after his death was succeeded by Patrick Buckley, and afterward by Morgan Nowlan — all passed to their reward. For some time the school was as migratory as the church. The next place of assembly for the children was the basement of the church, thence to the old Washington Temperance Hall, under the care of Timothy McCarthy, and back again to the basement of the church which was fitted up for that purpose. After the passing of Mr. McCarthy Mr. James Brann was placed in charge of the school, and with the assistance of some lady teachers remained in charge for some years, until the parish school was built on the corner of York and Van Vorst streets, when it passed under the care of the Christian Brothers and the Sisters of Charity. Many thousands of children have been educated within its walls, and much money has been raised for the support of schools and church, by means of fairs, picnics, etc., during the many financial struggles and strenuous efforts to place on a solid foundation Catholicity in this now prosperous city. There are many incidents of interest in connection with the I04 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH foundation of the church. After receiving from the Associates the free grant of the four lots, the committee was informed that, as the Company was chartered by the State, the deed would have to be recorded in Trenton. Mr. Samuel Collody, the father of one of our late County clerks, very graciously offered his legal services. He accompanied the committee in the stage-coach to Trenton, had the deeds properly recorded, and gave his services gratuitously. Both the gentlemen of the committee and the con- gregation were much gratified with this act of kindness. On their return the committee was empowered to present the deed to Bishop Dubois, who showed it to the congregation of the Cathe- dral at the ten o'clock Mass, and exhorted the people to assist the nascent parish in every way they could. Cheered by this action of good Bishop John, the Jerseymen began at once to prepare the ground for the church by filling in the lowland. All went to work with a good will. Mechanics and laborers offered materials and labor. As the land was near the meadow it was low, and a number of horses and carts came across the river daily, and gave their services free to the priest and committee. The Associates also gave another sign of their good will by granting free ferriage to all the volunteers night and morning. God seemed to smile with favor on their efforts, and the work progressed from day to day. The good priest was on hand every day encouraging every- body by his presence and his kind words. Nor were the noble women behindhand, and they showed that they were not to be outdone in the good work. The good priest called on them from day to day to provide dinners for volunteers. He would knock at the door of Mrs. So-and-So and tell her, " I will send you three, or five, or ten men for dinner to-day." And they went to work with a will to see that nobody went away hungry. The cheery " All right. Father ! " greeted his request everywhere. High sand- hills characterized the site of Jersey City at that period, and most of the property was in the hands of the Associates, who were only too well pleased to give away the sand that the lots might be graded. While the work of grading was going on, the Bishop au- thorized the committee to call a meeting of the parish and, in accordance with the deed of gift, to elect a board of trustees. Seven trustees were chosen, who prepared the plans which the)' submitted to Bishop Dubois. Having received his approbation, the contract for the stone work was given to John Mclver, and the carpenter work to B. Wooley. Robert and James McLough- lin took the contract for the tinning, which ended disastrously for IN NEW JERSEY 105 them. They put a lien on the building, and under it, it was sold by the sheriff. It was bought in for the parishioners for ^500 by Michael Malone, who risked his money for the welfare of the parish. But the trustees and the zealous pastor gave themselves no rest until they had raised the desired sum and paid back every- thing to their generous protector. Almost double the amount was raised in ten days, when the news of the sale became known. I have already mentioned the fact that the land had to be filled in on account of its proximity to a morass ; but in so doing no piling was used. When the heavy masonry had reached its highest limit, and awaited the timbers for the roof, in the fall of 1834 there occurred a furious equinoctial gale, and the deluge of water caused the west wall to fall out into the meadow. This was a bad set-back, and delayed the completion of the building another year. You will understand some of the crosses which the early pioneers endured in striving to plant the seed of faith in this city. Another blow was the removal of the glass works.' Coal began to be introduced and used as a substitute for wood ; and on this account the numbers of the parish were diminished by about one-half. Many were forced to seek employment else- where. Then came the financial crash of 1837. Business was at a complete standstill. No work, and no money, and a great deal of suffering were for our people some of the consequences of the panic. As they had no money for themselves, they had nothing for the Church. Hence, everything dragged along until the ar- rival of Father Walter J . Quarters in 1 840, who infused new life and hope in the breasts of the almost desperate children of the Church. Times improved, men had employment, and as Father Quarters had already considerable experience in church building in New York, he closed a contract with Hugh Clark to finish the church and have it ready for occupation as speedily as possible. Our people responded generously to the appeal of the jovial, light- hearted priest, who made friends not only with his own, but with many of those outside of the Church. His New York friends, too, gave him substantial and welcome assistance. He began to organize a church choir, opened a class for vocal and instrumental music, and started a catechism class to prepare the children for first Communion and Confirmation. And on June 7th, 1841, man\- of them were confirmed. His next move was the purchase of an organ, and James Walsh was appointed organist and choir- master. When his brother William was chosen for the Episcopal See of Chicago Father Walter severed his connection with Jersey io6 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH City, much to the regret of all, to accompany the new bishop. He was succeeded by that saintly man, the Rev. John Kelly, who labored so fruitfully and zealously, until God called him to his reward in April, 1866. If I may be permitted I will tell something about the offshoots of this first nursery of Catholicity in Jersey City. The second church erected in Hudson County was St. Mary's, Hoboken, at the corner of Willow and Fourth streets, recently vacated for the new church of Our Lady of Grace. , Mention should also be made of St. Joseph's, a little frame church, on Monroe Street, and the magnificent St. Mary's Hospital on Wil- low Avenue. The third church built was what was known as St. Mary's, a brick structure on the corner of Erie and Tenth streets. This was attended by Fathers Kelly and Coyle, and while the building was going up. Mass was said in the house of Patrick Gibney on Ninth Street. The fourth church was known as St. Bridget's, a small frame building on St. Paul's Avenue, near Palisade Avenue, and was in- tended for the accommodation of the men who were engaged in building the tunnel in 1856. This was likewise attended from St. Peter's, until it was handed over to the revered and much- lamented Father Aloysius Venuta. On the completion of the tunnel he sold the old church, and built the new St. Joseph's on Baldwin near Pavonia Avenue. After a few years the old gave way to the magnificent new church, a monument to the zeal of the pastor and the devotion of the flock. The fifth church was St. Mary's, Bergen Point, on Evergreen near Linnett Street. Mass had already been celebrated in the homes of John Welch and James Jackson in Centreville, by Fathers Kelly, Venuta, and Neiderhauser, and perhaps others, until the Passionists took charge of the parish. They were suc- ceeded by the Rev. James Dalton, who did not long survive his appointment. The sixth church was St. Paul's, Greenville, on Bergen near Danforth Avenue, built by Father Geissler and others. Mass had been offered in the house of Lawrence Murtha, who served the priest, and whose good wife attended to all the other essen- tials. The names of Henry Lembeck, Monroe Lignot, Henry Stoecklin, and others should never be forgotten by the Catholics of Greenville. The seventh church was built on the Andrew Kerrigan estate IN NEW JERSEY 107 at West Hoboken. The land was granted to the late Archbishop Hughes for the purpose of a college or university. But the Archbishop had about completed his arrangements for the build- ing of St. John's College, Fordham, and eventually this grant was turned over to the Passionist Fathers. The eighth church was erected at the corner of Erie and Second streets, popularly known as St. Mary's, although the title is, I believe, that of the Immaculate Conception. The Rev. Louis D. Senez was the zealous pastor who built up all that the Catholics in this parish have to show as a testimony of their zeal and faith. The ninth church was built by Father Venuta, on the corner of Communipaw Avenue and Bergen Point Plank Road, which eventually fell to the care of the Rev. Patrick Hennessy. It was named in honor of Ireland's patron saint, St. Patrick. The tenth church was erected for the Germans, and named for their apostle St. Boniface. The Rev. Dominic Kraus, under the auspices of Father Kelly, started this mission in the frame building in York Street, between Grove and Barrow streets. The Germans were growing in numbers, and up to this time had no pastor who spoke or understood their language. Great credit belongs to the Messrs. Francis Stoecklin, John Miller, Adam Dittmar, and Herman Heintze. The eleventh church was the modest frame structure on the corner of Montgomery and Brunswick streets, built by Father Patrick Corrigan, and named for the virgin saint of Erin, St. Bridget. St. Michael's, on Ninth Street, is the twelfth church, built by the intrepid and learned Father J. de Concilio. The thirteenth is St. Lucy's, long used as a parish school attached to St. Mary's, and instead of the old frame building now rises the beautiful brick structure built by Father Boylan. ' The fourteenth is St. John the Baptist's Church on the Boulevard. Its humble beginning was on the corner of Nelson and Van Winkle avenues, and the credit of its erection belongs to the Rev. Bernard H. TerWoert. St. Paul of the Cross, on South Street and Hancock Avenue, is the fifteenth scion of that noble stock planted with so many tears on Grand Street. Started by the Passionists, it is now in charge of the Rev. Thomas Quinn. St. Joseph's, Guttenberg, is the sixteenth ; St. Augustine's, Union Hill, the seventeenth, and St. Pius', Harrison, the eigh- io8 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH teenth church. Nor is the roll ended. The Germans bought a tract of land from the General Erwin estate, and built the present St. Nicholas' Church, making the nineteenth offshoot from the original St. Peter's. [The author of this interesting history is John McGuigan, born September 17th, 1826, the first child born of Catholic parents in Jersey City, and carried in a rowboat to New York, and baptized in St. Peter's Church, Barclay Street. He died in Plainfield a few years ago.] To the number of churches on Mr. McGuigan's Hst must be added twenty others, so that in the field covered originally by Father Kelly there are now forty temples of the living God, where priests and sisters are laboring with their respective flocks for the advancement of God's glory, and all these are the precious jewels in the diadem of the venerable cradle of Catholic faith — St. Peter's Church. St. Luke's, Macopin. (Now St. Joseph's, Echo Lake.) The light of faith among the hills of Macopin, although the little band of German Catholics was often deprived of the consol- ing presence of the minister of God, was never once dimmed. The rude plank church, erected in the early part of the cen- tury, was improved and enlarged by the Rev. Francis Donaghoe, and on November 13th, 1829, it received its first blessing. This date does not, indeed, coincide with that given by Shea in his third and fourth volumes ; but, when Archbishop Corrigan made his last visitation as Ordinary of Newark, he found the original attestation of the blessing by Father Ffrench, and hence this date is presumably correct. The Rev. Charles Dominic Ffrench, O. P., was a convert to the faith, and a member of the order of St. Dominic. He was granted faculties by Bishop Connolly, January 22d, 1 81 8. He afterward became the first resident pastor of Portland, Me., and received into the Church a young printer, Joshua M. Young, who studied for the priesthood, and later was consecrated Bishop of Erie, April 23d, 1854 (died 1863). Father Donaghoe died in Lynchburg, Va., in 1845. Fathers Malou, Kohlman, S.J., Powers, and others attended this mission from New York and Paterson until 1845, when the Rev. John Stephen Raffeiner took it under his care. The tradi- tion is that he built a sacristy and lived in it, his boy occupying IN NEW JERSEY 109 the loft, to which, as there were no stairs, he was forced to ascend by means of a ladder. This, after having climbed into his eyrie, he would pull up after him, and in the morning let it down again to resume his duties. Father Raffeiner, born at Walls in the Tyrol, December 20th, 1785, at first adopted the medical profes- sion, but abandoned it to enter the priesthood. He was ordained in May, 1825, and received by Bishop Dubois, January, 1833. He was a zealous and holy priest, whose field of labor extended far into the State of New York, and e\en Massachusetts. He was appointed Vicar-General of the Germans, and died in Brooklyn in 1 86 1. The Redemptorist Fathers from New York succeeded Father Raffeiner in 1848, and continued in charge until 1855, when the mission was attended from Paterson. In i860 the Rev. John Schandel was placed in charge of the Germans in Paterson and also assigned to look after the spiritual interests of Macopin. From i860 to 1870 it was attended from Boonton, and again at- tached to St. Boniface's Church, Paterson. When the Francis- cans took possession of the Carmelite Church and Convent on Stony Road they were charged likewise with this mission, and from that time to the present they have been assiduous in their care. Many descendants of the old confessors still live there, and are just as loyal and as fervent as were their forefathers in the faith. St. Peter's Church, Belleville. Catholics, among whom we find the names of the Elliotts, Barretts, Doyles, Germans, and Keoghs, settled at a very early date in Belleville. Long before there was a church in Newark, members of these families were in the habit of walking to New York, with their children in their arms, to have them baptized, to make their Easter duty, or to assist at Mass. Their first resident priest was the Rev. Francis Ferrall, born in Longford, in 1812, and made his studies in Mt. St. Mary's, where he was raised to the priesthood by Bishop England, in 1837. His health compelled him to seek a northern climate, and on application to Bishop Dubois he was sent to Belleville. Previous to his coming good Father Moran had given the Catholics what attention he could, helped them to raise money, and gave them the plans for the present church. Father Ferrall devoted himself to the task set for him, and on December 2d, 1838, the church was dedicated by Bishop Dubois. In 1839 he was transferred temporarily to St. John's, Newark, and while there baptized Archbishop Corrigan, I lO THE CATHOLIC CHURCH September 15th, 1839. Father Ferrall died in Utica, N. Y., De- cember 5th, 1840. His successor in Belleville was the Rev. Ber- nard McArdle, born 1790, in county Monaghan, who had done apostolic work in New Brunswick, Ambu)', and near b\'. lie died in Belleville, August 30th, 1840. The Rev. David William Bacon, afterward Bishop of Portland, Me., exercised his ministry here from January 25th, 1841, to June 6th of the same }-ear; and from August, 1845, to September, 1851, the Rev. Peter Gillick, or- dained 1827, discharged all the duties of priest and pastor. He died in i860. Previous to the erection of the church Mass was said in pri- vate houses, one of which still stands at the southwest corner of ST. I'ETEK S CHCKCH, BELLEN ILLE. William and Bridge streets, the propert)" of William Conn(.)lly. Peter Keogh, the father (jf John F. Keogh, of Newark, ga\-e the stone for the foundation of the church. In 1853 the Rev. John IN NEW Jiatli (if his assistants died in 1867, P. Casimir Seitz, (I.S.H., July 23d, I'. Jsidor Walter, O.S.B., Oc- tober 23d. In 1857 services were held for the Germans in the eastern part of the city, called the " Neck." I'"ather Eberhard (lahr, O.S.B., was the first pastor. In 1864 it was attended b)' I'. Bruno Mc.i^ele, O.S.B. ; m 1866 by Father Bernardine Dolweck, O.S.B. The other pastors were P. Lambert Kettner, O.S.B., to 1883; P. Theodorius Ooth, O.S.B., to 1894. The oiiginal title tif the church, St. Joseph's, was changed to St. Benedict's. The present pastor since 1894 is the Rev. Leonard Waltei-, O.S.B., a brother of P'athers Isidor and William Walter. September nth, 1858, is the date of the deed by which Bishop l-Sayley ga\'e to the Benedictines the property of tiie chui'ch (in High Street, ///(■ cliiiVi'Ii jorcvcr to be a par- ('cliial Its iv'cll as a i-niiiuii/iut/ ( and since 1 883 an Abixitial ) c/in?r//. Owing to sickness P. Roman Ileil went to St. \'in- cent's in 1 871, where he died ARCH-.'Vr.l'.OT ]■,o^'IF.\( !•: wimmer, o.s.ii., n.n. May 3d, 1873 ILs successor was P. Leonard Mayer, O.S.B., who died May i8th, 1875. He was succeeded by P. IL'rnhard Manser, O.S.B., who departed for Europe in September, 1879, lea\-ing the church in charge of P\ather William Walter, O.S.B. After his death June 17th, 1882, F"ather (ierard I^ilz, O.S.B, (born 1834, in Bavaria, or- dained 1859. Septemijer 20th, 1 891, in Mar\' Hel]i Abbe}', North Carolina). The foundation of St. Benedict's College, 522 High Street, dates back to the )'ear 1868. The present building was solemnly blessed by Bishop Bayley Lebruai\ 2d, 1872. There had been a frame house (,)n the site which was occupieu by the Sisters of St. Benedict. To make jilace for the college the frame building had to be torn down ; therefore a con\'ent was IN NEW JERSEY 139 built for the Sisters on Shipman Street, next to the school ; in fact, a continuation of it. This, St. Scholastica's Convent, was blessed by Bishop Corrigan in April, 1870. Father William Walter, O.S.B., was the first director of St. Benedict's College; his successor, 1875-77, was P. Alphonse Heil- mer, O.S.B. Then came Father Mellitus Fritz, O.S.B., 1891, till 1882. The next director was Father Frederick Hoesel, O.S.B., up to 1888, who died August ist, 1889. Then came: 1888, P. Hugo Paff, O.S.B. ; 1890, P. Leonard Walter, O.S.B. ; 1891, P. Cornelius Eckl, O.S.B., November 22, 1894, in Manchester, N. H. ; 1893, P. Ernest Helmstetter, O.S.B.; 1897, P. George Biln, O.S.B., who still continues in office. The present rectory and abbey was begun by Prior Gerard Pilz in the year 1882, and its solemn dedication and blessing by Bishop Wigger took place April i6th, 1883; Arch-abbot Boniface Wim- mer of St. Vincent's (born 1809 in Bavaria, ordained 1831, solemn vows 1833, died December 8, 1887). December 6th, 1881, Father Nicolaus Balleis, O.S.B., cele- brated in this church his golden jubilee. April 24th, 1884, Father Gerard celebrated his silver jubilee. From the time of the appointment of Father Valentine Felder in 1856 to Father Gerard's appointment in 1885 the parish of St. Mary's had been ruled by men sent there by the Abbot of St. Vincent's. The time had arrived to raise the Priory to the independ- ent position of an Abbey. A request to that effect had been granted in Rome by brief dated December 19th, 1884. This brief arrived January I4tli8, 1885. Thereupon an election was held February nth, 1885, in St. Vincent's, in which Father James Zilliox, O.S.B., a native of Newark, and a child of St. Mary's parish, was elected the first Abbot. His blessing and installation by Bishop Wigger took place July 22d, 1885, in St. Mary's Church. The Abbot is pastor or rector of the church, ipso facto, but usually appoints an acting or vice-rector. Father Cornelius Eckl, O.S.B., acted in that capacity during the term of Abbot Zilliox. His two assistants were Fathers Alexander Reger, O.S.B., and Polycarp Scherer, O.S.B. Owing to failing health Abbot Zilliox resigned and his resignation was accepted by the Holy See in October, 1886. In a new election, Novem- ber i6th, 1886, Father Hilary Pfraengle, O.S.B., then director of St. Vincent's College, was chosen as the second Abbot. He was blessed by Bishop Phelan of Pittsburg in St. Vincent's, HO THE CATHOLIC CHURCH February 17th, 1887. He appointed Father Polycarp Scherer as pastor of St. Mary's, and he still performs this office, to the satis- faction of his superiors as well as the people. Any of the Fathers residing at St. Mary's may be called upon to perform the duties of an as.sistant; and while the parish pays the salary of but one, it frequently has the services of three or four. It ought to be mentioned that the Benedictine Fathers have deserved well of the Newark diocese, as they have in the olden days attended missions that have now grown into flourishing and wealthy parishes. They have lent willing assistance always to the secular clergy, whenever and as far as it was possible for them to do so. April 6th, 1880, Bishop Corrigan of New York, in presence of Cardinal John McCloskey, celebrated a pontifical high Mass in St. Mary's Church in honor of the fourteen hundredth anniversary of the birth of our holy Founder St. Benedict (born 840, in Italy). Bishop Becker, of Wilmington, delivered an eloquent sermon on the occasion. Dependent upon St. Mary's Abbey are two parishes in the diocese: the one already mentioned, St. Benedict's, of Newark, in charge of P. Leonard Walter, O.S.B., and the Sacred Heart Church in Elizabeth, in charge of P. Ambrose Huebner, O.S.B. The assistant in tiie former place is P. Henry Becker, O.S.B., in the latter P. James Cullinane, O.S.B. (a native of Eliza- beth). The Fathers of St. Mary's, Newark, also have charge of the Sacred Heart Church of Wilmington, Del. (founded by P. Wen- delin Mayer, O.S.B.), P. Hugo Paff being the present pastor with P. Meinrad Hettinger for assistant ; and of St. Raphael's Church in Manchester, N. H. (founded by P. Sylvester Joerg, O.S.B.). The greatest undertaking by St. Mary's Abbey was the foundation of St. Anselm's College in Manchester, N. H. P. Hugo Paff supervised the building and was the first director from 1893 to 1896. Fathers Sylvester and Florian followed as directors. For the last three years Abbot Hilary Pfraengle re- sides there and is acting director. There is a regular course of philosophy and theology for the younger members of the order at the college, and more than twenty priests have already finished their studies at St. Anselm's. August 17th, 1890, St. Mary's Church, after having been thoroughly renovated, was solemnly consecrated by Bishop Wig- IN NEW JERSEY 141 ger, and the Sunday within the Octave of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin was fixed as the day of the yearly commemoration of tlii-s event. St. Mary's Church, Elizabeth. In the' very dawn of the settlement of Elizabethtovvn is found Catholicity in the several Alsatian families — a weakly exotic, which struggled awhile for existence, weakened, and to- tally perished. The French Revolution drove hither many noble and distinguished exiles, among whom are found the names of Lady Anne Renee Defoerger de Mau- perrins, widow of the Baron of Clugny, Governor of Gua- deloupe, Marie de Rouselat Campbell, the De Clots (who entertained Jerome Bona- parte and his wife, ucc Patter- son), the De Touchimberts, DeMaroles, Malherbes, Ca- hierres, Libertons, Du Bucs, Godets, Triyons, Cuyers, Du- fors, Mosquerons, as well as Terrier de Laistre and Al- monde Tugonne. The most prominent, without doubt, was Joseph Louis, Count d'Anterroches, born at the chateau of Puy Darnac near Tulle, Limousin, France, about August 25th, 1753. As the second son, in accordance with the custom of his country and his day, he was destined for the church, and was educated in the palace of his uncle, Alexander Csesar d'Anterroches, bishop of Comdom. But as his elder brother died in exile at the outbreak of the revolution, and pre- ferring a military' career to that of the sanctuary, he ran away and accepted a commission in the English army. Captured by the Continentals at Saratoga, he wrote to his kinsman, Lafayette, and, ST. MARV'S CHURCH, ELIZABETH. 142 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH on parole, he enjoyed full liberty within the American lines throughout the war. He wedded, in 1 780, Mary, daughter of Capt. David Vanderpool, of Chatham Bridge, N. J., but left no descend- ants. It was said of him that " he was a consummate tactician, possessing the art of imparting his knowledge to others and gain- ing their confidence and affection." Many of these families were Catholics, and enjoyed the ministrations of the Rev. John S. Tis- sorant in 1805-06; but most of them joined the Episcopal com- munion, so that to-day there remain but few fragments of the old Catholic stock. Good Father Howell during his life wrote the history of the faith as he found it, and it is herewith appended. The Rev. Isaac P. Howell, born, in Philadelphia, of a Quaker father and. an Irish mother, educated partly in St. Charles' College, Phila- delphia, and partly in St. John's, Fordham, was or- dained priest by Bishop Hughes, March 2d, 1843. Appointed to the pastorate of Elizabeth shortly after his ordination, he organized the parish, built its church, pas- toral residence and school, and died after twenty-two years of zealous and apostolic labor, August 31st, 1866, univer- sally loved and mourned. Although the borough of Elizabeth is the oldest settlement in New Jersey, still the Catholic Church cannot boast of having made any progress within her borders until of late years. The Catholic missionary in search of the scattered sheep of the fold would pass her by, unable to discover within her limits the object of his search. In the year 1 829 three Catholics were known to reside in this town, who, when their religious principles were dis- covered, were obliged to leave, as no employment would be given them. The first influx of Catholicity was caused by the construc- tion of the New Jersey Railroad in the year 1833; and by this means the inhabitants, instead of being disabused of their preju- REV. ISAAC p. HOWELL. Pounder of St. Mary's, Elizabeth. IN NEW JERSEY 14J dices, became scandalized at the inebriety and other vices and ex- cesses of the laborers who professed themselves to be Catholics, and thus their antipathy to religion increased. The construction of this work aroused the dormant energies of the neighborhood. An impetus was given to agricultural, manufacturing, commercial pursuits. Laborers were in demand. Necessity and interest overcame proscriptive intolerance. The proscribed race was re- ceived into employ, in the hope that it would be enlightened. Those who were weak enough to deny their faith were indulged in their excesses, and evidences that they did are unfortunately in numerous cases permanently existing ; but those whose sense of rectitude withstood the tempting offer endured as long as neces- sity or interest compelled them the taunts of their persecutor.s, and then left their places to those whose indigence compelled them to accept any situation offered. During the time of the construc- tion of the New Jersey Railroad, and also of the Central Railroad, the sick calls were attended to by the Rev. P. Moran, then the only priest in Newark. In the year 1842 Rev. Yldephonsus Me- drano, then stationed at Staten Island, visited the few scattered Catholics in this neighborhood. He celebrated for them occasion- ally the rites of religion ; but unfortunately the only place he could procure for the purjiosc was a low tavern on the outskirts of the town, and his visitations were attended 1j)' the most unfavorable circumstances, not only to his own personal interest, but also to the most vital interests of religion. A few wept over the degraded condition to which religion was reduced, their mo.st strenuous efforts to elevate it having proved ineffectual. In the fall of 1843 several of the most zealous visited the Bishop of New York, the late lamented Archbishop Hughes; he encouraged them by prom- ising them that he would send them a priest in the spring. In the spring of 1844 he ordained and sent them as pastor. Rev. Isaac P. Howell, with instructions to visit that section of the country, and report on the possibility of establishing a mission at Elizabethtown, and another at Rahway. After considerable diffi- culty a small room, in a house near the town, was procured in which to celebrate Mass. On Palm Sunday, 1844, a congregation of twenty -five assembled to greet their pastor and assist at the sacred rites of religion. j> In 1832 the Protestant, the notoriously infamous anti-Catholic sheet, conducted by a cabal of Presbyterian and Dutch Reformed ministers, honored the little congregation in Elizabeth with the following notice ; 144 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH "Progress of Popery. " yersey, Elizabctlitown. — On the 13th of September, one hun- dred and three persons were confirmed in their idolatry ; and the Mass house is about to be very much enlarged." During the year 1844 there was somewhat of an increase in the congregation, and a collection was commenced in the fall to purchase a lot on which to build a church. In April, 1845, the basement wall of St. Mary's of the Assumption was laid, and by the first Sunday of the next Advent a substantial brick church, fifty feet square, was sufficiently completed to accommodate the congregation, which by this time had increased to about one hun- dred. The funds for the purchase of the lot were contributed by the congregation, but those for the construction of the building were the charitable offerings of the faithful in New York, and of the different congregations in East New Jersey, and particularly from the laborers on the Morris Canal, solicited by the untiring exertions of the pastor. No sooner was the sign of our salvation erected on the new edifice than in a few years the church became too small. In the year 1847 the German portion of the congrega- tion erected an edifice for themselves, and in a short time were blessed by a pastor of their own. In the year 1851 a substantial brick school-house, two stories high, was erected alongside of St. Mary's Church. At the outbreak of fanaticism, stirred up by the natwe Ameri- cans and Know-nothings, St. Mary's did not escape attention. The infuriated rabble marched toward the church with the avowed intention of sacking and destroying it. With the open Bible — the book of all books which embalms sentiments of peace and good- will toward all, and the stifling of human passion — at the head of the procession, these sons of savage hate and crass ignorance wended their way to the modest edifice which stood for the faith and for the sacrifices of the Irish Catholic. Father Howell well knew what it would mean, if in some way he could not induce the men of the congregation to absent themselves from the scene of impending conflict. He succeeded. Then to the women he en- trusted the task of defending the church. With their babes in their arms, they grouped themselves, these worthy daughters of martyred sires, in front of the main door, and awaited the oncom- ing hostile mob. In the forefront, nerving the rest to courage by IN NEW JERSEY H5 f.v/.r(.^;(v. "Come, j\lary, stand aside with your child !" shouted the leader. 146 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH her bravery, stood the wife of Captain Whelan. In her arms her infant son, who, grown to manhood, was destined to meet and overcome more subtle and more powerful foes of the Master, faced the leader, who was well known to her. "Come, Mary, stand aside with your child ! " shouted the leader. " No, Sam, I will not. You cannot enter this door, but over the dead body of my child and myself ! " she quietly replied. Daunted by this manifes- tation of courage, and not entirely devoid of the chivalrous spirit which at times his forefathers were wont to manifest, he hesitated for a moment. Then, turning to his fellows, he told them to go home, and, with a terrible oath, swore he would brain the first man who would lay a finger on woman or child. Father Howell's strategy was successful, and the church was saved. In the year 1858 collections were made for the enlargement and remodelling of the church, and the erection of a pastoral resi- dence in the rear. The spring of 1862 saw the work completed, and a beautiful church, 133 by 66 feet, and a spacious rectory evince the zeal and charity of the congregation. Meanwhile, the eastern portion of the city was not idle. The Catholics at the Port determined to have their own church; and soon, under the untiring efforts of their pastor, the Rev. M. M. Wirzfeld, and the liberality of the flock, a commodious church, school, and pastoral residence arose as if by magic. In 1844 the entire population of Elizabeth was about five thousand, the Catholics about twenty- five in number; and in the year 1866 the city's population was about fifteen thousand, and the Catholics numbered about four thousand. Then within its corporate limits there were two churches and schools. Now there are eight churches with schools attached, and the fine hospital of the Xavierian Brothers. The faithful servant of God and his people. Father Howell, after twenty-two years of zealous, fruitful labor, passed away to the blessed vision of God, universally loved and regretted, August 31st, 1866. The Rev. Michael E. Kane, a native of Newark, and ordained June 24th, 1865, succeeded Father Howell, and labored in this field with lofty motive but somewhat indiscreet zeal for five years. In January, 1872, the Rev. Leo Thebaud, a native of New York Cit}', educated at Seton Hall and the Collegio Brignole-Sale, Italy, and ordained June 13th, 1867, was promoted to the pastor- ate. He had been an assistant in St. John's, Paterson, for some years, and by his zeal and piety endeared himself to both pastor and flock. Despite a chronic malady which left him no ease from IN NEW JERSEY 147 pain night or day, and which his unbroken cheerfulness never be- trayed, he labored with this flock with much fruit, until he was at length forced to resign, and died in the home of his sister, Madi- son, N, J., May 10th, 1893. In 1888 the Re\-. James H. Corrigan, born in Newark, June 29th, 1844, a brother of Archbishop Corrigan, making his prepar- atory studies in Wilmington, Del., and St. Francis Xa\-ier's, New York, graduated from Mount St. Mary's, stud3'ing theology in the American College, Rome, and at Seton Hall, and ordained at Se- ton Hall, October 20th, 1867, succeeded h'athei- Thcbaud. The circumstances of the retire- ment of the one and the jiro- motion of the other were alike. I^'ather "James," as he was lovingl)' called by the seminarists and students, ha\- ing taught in Seton Hall, and filled successively and with credit the offices of director of the seminary, vice-presi- dent and president of the col- lege, was compelletl to resign on the plea of ill health, imd to seek in the acti\c ministi"\- relief from the worriment and an-\iety of his late duties. But his disease was firmh' rooted in his system and baffled the skill of his phys- icians; and after t\v(j )ears in St. Mary's he died of heart dis- ease, N(.)vember 27th, 1891. His assistant, the Re\'. Eugene C. Carroll, who had been the " staff and support " of himself and his predecessor, carried out the wishes of Father Thebaud, and with the moneys generously given b)' him for that purpose, erected the splendid building foi" the y(jung men -St. Mary's Lyceum. The Rev. Francis O'Neill, born in New Brunswick, Canada, November 27th, 1842, educated by the Sulpicians in Montreal, and ordained in St. John's, New Brunswick, February 16th, 1869, was the next pastor, and is the present incumbent. Father O'Neill labored successively as assistant in St. Peter's, Jersey City, and after as ])astor of Hampton Junction, where he rebuilt St. Ann's Church, and built churches at Bethlehem, High ORESTES A. liRoWXSON, LL.D. 148 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Bridge, and Clinton. He was promoted to Guttenberg and Shady- side in June, 1 880. As not much had been left undone by his predecessors, Father O'Neill is fulfilling his task by perfecting their work. He has beautified the church, and has lately added another church to meet the wants of the Catholics in the growing northern part of the city. From its earliest days Elizabeth has attracted to its borders men of education and refinement. For a long time it was the home of Orestes Augustus Brownson, LL.D., the ardent convert, unswerving champion of the faith, and docile child of the Church- Born in the Puritan atmosphere of a New England home, in Stock- bridge, Vt., September i6th, 1803, of humble parentage, devoid of the opportunities of education, by deep and earnest study he de- veloped that masterly germ which nature had given him, and be- came one of the greatest lights of the nineteenth century. He has been deservedly ranked among fhe bouquet of chivalrous and illustrious knights, whose lance was ever ready for the defence of religion and justice and right, when faith needed champions more than at any other period in the world's history. His name deserves to be linked with that of Gorres, O'Connell, De Gerlache, Rossi, Lamoriciere, Montalembert, Veuillot, Dechamps, Marshall, Ward, Garcia Moreno, Mallinkrodt, and Windhorst, whom to name is to praise, and theirs is the roll-call of that illustrious band, mainly laymen, who did more, perhaps, for the uplifting of religion than the priests and bishops of their age. His religious experience had passed through the gamut of human vagaries, from the op- pressive gloom of Presbyterianism to unbelief, and, at last, into the full light and peace of truth. At nineteen jears of age he wrote of himself: "I have done my best to find the truth, to experience religion, and to lead a religious life, )'et here I am with- out faith, without hope, without love. . . . My life is a stream that flows out of darkness into darkness. In attempting to follow the light of reason alone have I not lost faith, and plunged myself into spiritual darkness .? " To the astonishment and disgust of the pseudo-intellectual world he surrendered to the convincing argu- ments of the Catholic Church, and he was baptized into its com- munion, October 20th, 1844. Ever after his towering genius was at rest, and his powerful pen was tireless in the defence of the one Catholic and Apostolic Church. But with this step, in a measure, he lost caste, and was taboo with the protseans of the then prevail- ing philosophic school . Not so, however, was he regarded by the solidly learned. A distinguished scholar and professor in Harvard IN NEW JERSEY 149 University was travelling in England, and went to see Lord Brougham. After conversation on various subjects, Lord Brough- am said, " And what have you to tell me of Orestes A. Brown- son?" This question took the professor somewhat by surprise; for, like others of the Boston aristocracy, he had been accustomed to lookdown on Brownson as a vulgar locofoco. "Why," said he, " I have not much to say of him in Boston. Indeed, I am not acquainted with him." "Then," replied Lord Brougham, "I ad- vise you to become acquainted with him in Boston as soon as you get home. Let me tell you, sir, he is one of the first thinkers and writers, not merely of America, but of the present age." The learned professor went away, it is said, somewhat abashed. Dr. Brownson died in Detroit, Mich., April 17th, 1876. Of quite a different stamp, but no less distinguished, sin- cere, and devoted, was another champion of truth, and the chronicler of the early mission- aries, John Gilmary Shea. Born in New York July 22d, 1824, on his father's side of good Celtic stock, and on his mother's of one Nicholas Upsall, who came to America in 1620 with Governor Win- throp, Gilmary Shea united what was best of both races, and reflected in his life the virtues of both ancestries. He at an early age entered Columbia College, but was not graduated. He preferred a business career,, and took a position in the office of a Spanish shipping merchant. Provi- dence seemed to shape the circumstances of his early life to prepare him for the rdle he was to fill in his ripened manhood. He acquired a thorough familiarity with the Spanish language, which in the prosecution of his historical studies was of immense advantage. His first literary effort, written when he was only fourteen years of age, merited the encomium of Bishop Hughes, and encouraged the youth to continue in this line of work. An- other step, which although it failed of his aim, but was of great service in his , future career, was his novitiate during six years JOHN GILMARY SHEA, LL.D. Historian. Died at Elizabeth, N. J. I50 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH with the Jesuits. He was to be the eulogist of Br^beuf, Lalle- ment, Bressani, and the martyred Jogues ; so it was fit, indeed, that he acquire the spirit and be imbued with that unction which have distinguished the sons of Loyola since their institution. No field of history in this land that does not bear the trace of his footstep. Nothing has he touched that he has not adorned. But his, too, has been the experience of others, that the labor of the historian may win fame, but fortune is golden in other fields. His works are a complete library of Catholic effort in America, and should be read and treasured by every intelligent Catholic. His private life was that of a true Christian, serene, calm, content in success, resigned in sickness, and to his spiritual superiors docile as a child. As in life he had always striven to serve God, so in death he feared not to meet him. He passed to his reward Feb- ruary 22d, 1892. Of John Gilmary Shea it has been said: He lived well, he wrought well, and he died well. St. Mary's Church, Hoboken. The early history of this congregation has been so thoroughly written by the Rev. Anthony Cauvin, that it has been considered advisable to reproduce it, even with its archaic and quaint expres- sions, as it so faithfully portrays every scene in the advancement of the faith in Hoboken and near by. As one reads this precious gleaning from the past, the heart is filled with regret that others of his compeers had not done likewise. Then we, of a distant day, would not be forced to grope and halt amid a mass of conflicting and contradictory traditions and memories. Before the year 1836 the Catholics of Hudson and Bergen counties, from Bergen Point to Fort Lee, had no church. They were visited occasionally when sick by a priest of St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York. In 1836 St. Peter's Church was built in Jersey City, and its pastor had charge of them. In 1841 Rev. Hugh Mohan, pastor of this church, read Mass in Hoboken once a month for nine months. In 1842 Rev. Walter J. Quarter, his successor, also read Mass in Hoboken in the month of September on the occasion of a jubilee. It was then that he appointed Mr. James Tallon to collect every month contributions from the people of Hoboken to pay the debts of St. Peter's Church of Jersey City, which he did for fifteen months. On January 2Sth, 1844, Rev. Walter Quarter called the Catho- [N NFAV JKRSEY 151 lies uf Iloboken toameeting in tlic lioust' of Mr. I'atrick McKeon, and explained to them the advantages of having a church in Hoboken, wherein the divine mysteries might be celebrated, and the rising generations instructed in their religiijus and moral duties. And it was resolved that the Catholics of Hoboken would unite their endeav(.)rs to build a church to be called St. Mary's; that every month they would gi\-e a subscrii)tion for that purpose. Collectors were appointed to receive these monthl\- sul)- scriptions. Mr. James Tallon was made treasurer and Mr. Cornelius Donavan secretary. The amount collected from that day until April, 1845, was $148.24. On the 6th of Uecembei-, in 1844, Re\-. John Rogers, who lix'cd in Jerse)' Cit\', came to Hoboken for the purpose of building the church, and read Mass every Sunda}' in the Phenix Hotel, corner of Washington and First streets, kept b)' a Cath- olic woman named Mrs. Sween\'. Not being success- ful, he left Hoboken on the I St of April in 1845, having remained onl_\' four months. In the month of May, 1848, Rev. John Kell)', who had succeeded in October, 1844, to Rev. Walter Quarter in St. Peter's Church of Jersey City, came to read Mass on Sunday's once a month in Hobo- ken until October of the same year — that is, for fi\e months. He exhorted the Catholics of Hoboken to subscribe again their monthly contributions, which had been stopped in April, 1845; which being done, their contributions from June, 1848, until April, 1849, amounted to $276.08, which after adding the $148.24 col- lected before amounted to $424.32. After paying $55.78 for rent, vestments, books, etc., the remainder, $368.54, was placed by Mr. Tallon in Chambers Street Savings Bank of New York to the credit of the church to be built in Hoboken. RE\-. AXTHOXY C.\UVIX. Born Aucfust 23, 1810 ; dit-d Ma^- ..■' Founder of Our Lady of (irace, Hi , 1902- boketi. 152 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH From October, 1848, until November, 1851, no Mass Was read in Hoboken. In July, 1851, Rev. A. Cauvin, of Nice, in France, was appointed by the Most Rev. J. Hughes, Archbishop of New York, to take charge of the Mission of Hoboken from Five Corners, Hudson City, to Fort Lee; and was directed by him to build a church in West Hoboken first, because it was the most central part of the mission. A Sunday-school was immediately established in the public school-house of Hoboken, Mr. James Davis, Jr., teaching the boys the catechism until the spring of 1852, when he was succeeded by Mr. James Tallon. Miss Catherine McKeon and Miss Rosanna Davis took charge of the girls. These good persons continued to teach the catechism to the children of Hoboken every Sunday until St. Mary's Church was opened in Hoboken in July, 1855. Church of West Hoboken. Mr. James Kerrigan, who resided in West Hoboken, gave to Archbishop Hughes a plot of ground containing about six lots, whereon the church was built during the time between the months of August and November in 1851. The church, vestry, and fence around the ground cost ^3,829. The people of West Hoboken and vicinity contributed ^424 — of Hoboken, $114, and Rev. A. Cauvin collected in New York $1,824.75, thus making a total of $2,362.75. On the 23d of November, 1851, the church was blessed and dedicated by Archbishop Hughes to Our Lady of Mercy, on ac- count of an oil copy of Oar Lady of Mercy of Rimini sent by His Eminence, Cardinal L. Brignole, from Rome to Rev. A. Cauvin for the new church. This painting was given to the Cardinal to be sent to some foreign mission by Mr. Nicholas Paci-Ippoliti, of Rimini,'who afterward by his letter of the 23d of August, 1853, to Rev. A. Cauvin, acknowledged his indebtedness to Our Lady of Mercy and to the prayers of the congregation of West Hoboken for his miraculous escape from imminent death in an explosion of powder. In 1852 the sacrament of Confirmation was administered in the church to one hundred and twenty-six persons, half of them being adults or aged persons, by Archbishop Walsh of Halifax, Arch- bishop Hughes preaching at the High Mass. In 1854 a house was built for the sexton in the rear of the church at a cost of $328. IN NEW JERSEY 153 On the 3d of September, 1 854, Confirmation was again admin- istered in the church to one hundred and thirteen persons by Rt. Rev. James Bayley, first Bishop of Newark and the State of New Jersey. On these two occasions Confirmation was administered to the people of both Hobolcen and West Hoboken. The two places formed at that time but one parish. On the 9th of September, 1 860, the Stations of the Cross were established in the church, and it was decorated with fifteen large oil paintings. These were presented to the church by its pastor, Rev. A. Cauvin, and were on that day solemnly inaugurated with a sermon by Dr. Neligan, of New York. Toward the close of September, i860, a mission was given in the church by Fathers Gaudentius and Anthony, Passionists from Pittsburg, and the result was a great spiritual benefit to the congregation. It was then agreed with Bishop Bayley that the Passionist Fathers would take charge of the mission of West Hoboken, and that they should always have with them a German Father for the benefit of the Germans of the locality. In November, i860, in expectation of the Passionist Fathers, Rev. A. Cauvin repaired the church and house, having them painted inside and out. He established a choir by opening a sing- ing school for the young persons of the congregation, and had them instructed for six months by a singing teacher. Thus when the Passionist Fathers came, they found the church painted and repaired, decorated with oil paintings and Stations of the Cross, and a choir, accompanied by a melodeon, to sing Mass and Vespers. Mass had been sung in the church of West Hoboken from its opening on the 23d of November, 1851, until the opening of the church of Hoboken in July, 1855, on Sundays and on the principal solemnities until Christmas, i860. It was also sung every Sunday from Christmas, i860, until the arrival of the Passionist Fathers in April, 1861. Vespers were also sung during the Lent of 1861, and the Stations of the Cross performed every Sunday. On the 2 1st of April, 1861, the Passionist Fathers took formal possession of the church and mission, and were on that day sol- emnly installed by Rev. A. Cauvin, who had bu^lt the church and attended to it for the space of ten years. It was Father Dominic, Provincial, accompanied by Father Vincent and Brother Law- rence, who took possession of the church. It was agreed in the sermon of installation delivered in the church on that day between the Passionist Fathers and the people represented by Rev. A. 154 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Cauvin, that the limits of the new mission would be the hill of the Palisades. Those who lived on the hill were to be under the juris- diction of the church of West Hoboken, whereas the natural limits of the jurisdiction of the church of Hoboken extended to all those who lived at the base of the hill as far as Mr. King's Point or the coal-yard. In 1851 and 1852 Rev. A. Cauvin estabhshed the stations of English Neighborhood, Bull's Ferry, and Fort Lee. These he visited alternately every Sunday to read Mass, hear confessions, and teach the catechism to the children. In English Neighbor- hood he read Mass in the house of Mr. Monahan, a venerable old Irishman. The population of Bull's Ferry consisted in part of two hundred or moremen who were working in the quarry. It was from this place that the Russ pavement used in Broadway, New York, was taken. As there were many children in the place. Rev. A. Cauvin sent a teacher from Hoboken to give instruction in the catechism. More than half an acre of ground on the road between Bull's Ferry and English Neighborhood was gi\'en by Mr. Arthur Green, a resident of the latter place, to Bishop Bayley for the purpose of building on the spot a Catholic church. In Fort Lee neighborhood Mass was first read by Rev. A. Cauvin at the home of Mr. Conway of Pleasant \''alley, or as it was sometimes called, Tillietudlum. Later on it was read at the Kenny house, now Dr. Anderson's. Rev. A. Cau\in was accus- tomed to go there on Saturday evening to teach the children the catechism ; then on Sunday morning he would hear confessions, preach, say Mass, baptize children, and then return to West Ho- boken to say Mass and preach. Rev. A. Cauvin often read Mass on week-days at Mr. Burns' house near the Palisades at Fort Lee, his only travelling accommodation being a boat. At this place he found young persons of seventeen and eighteen )ears of age who had never seen a priest, and who were perfectly ignorant of religion, knowing onl}- the few prayers taught them by their par- ents. From 1852 until i8S9iirst Communion was given twice in both Fort Lee and Bull's Ferry, and these children were confirmed in Hoboken and West Hoboken. A chalice, two vestments, and a missal were presented to Fort Lee by Rev. A. Cauvin. In 1853 he bought four lots of ground on upper Fort Lee for a church ; but these were afterward sold for the benefit of the Church of the Madonna, built by Dr. Anderson on the ground he gave for that purpose to Bishop Bayley. Rev. A. Cauvin attended IN NEW JERSEY 155 Fort Lee regularly every fortnight in summer and every month in winter until January, 1859, when it was made a new mission and given to the charge of Rev. Francis Anelli, assistant priest to Rev. Cauvin. This mission included Fort Lee, Hackensack, and Lodi, which last place was also attended by Rev. Cauvin from August, 1858, until January, 1859. Church of Hoboken. After having built the Church of Our Lady of Mercy in West Hoboken, Rev. A. Cauvin came to reside in Hoboken, the principal place of his mission. Here he read Mass on week-days and heard confessions in a private chapel in his own apartments in the house on Southeast Washington Terrace, corner of Newark Street. Here he remained until May, 1855, or until the time the church and house on Willow Street were finished. On the 28th of May, 1852, he applied to the Hoboken Land and Improvement Company for a plot of ground whereon to build a Catholic church. As a result the company gave him on the 3d of August, in consideration of ^i, a quit-claim deed to a plot of ground in the Church Square, commencing 265 feet from Garden Street, and running 75 feet along Fourth Street, and being 100 feet deep in the square. The deed was made in the name of Archbishop Hughes, of New York, and his successors. This deed was duly filed in the clerk's office of Hudson County on the sixth day of September in the year 1852, in Liber 25 of Deeds, pages 373, 374. But after asking the legal advice of Mr. Wright, of Five Corners, and Mr. James Grover, of New York, and examining in Hackensack the original maps of Hoboken, filed in 1804 in the clerk's office of Bergen County, where Church Square is marked only Square, he came to the conclusion that Square, which was improperly called Church Square in a map of Hoboken, published by the Hoboken Company in 1851, was a public square, and there- fore the company had no right to give or sell any portion of that ground, and the Catholics had no right to build a church on it. The Methodists, who obtained from the same company ground on the square, had built their church there in 1846. The conclusion turned out afterward to be true, for in 1 864 the city of Hoboken sued the Methodists in a bill of ejectment before the Supreme Court of Hudson County, and the Methodists were condemned by 156 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH a decision of the jury on the i8th of October, 1865, declaring that square a pubhc and an ornamental square. The Dutch Reformed, who had already built the foundation of their church on the northeastern corner of that square, hearing that the Catholics would not venture to build their church, stopped the work and purchased ground in Hudson Street, be- tween Fifth and Sixth streets; and shortly afterward Rev. A. Cauvin bought from them the window frames they had already prepared and placed them in his church. On the 14th of May, 1853, ^ev. Cauvin wrote to the company, enclosing a copy of the legal advice, and even sent to Mr. Edwin Stevens a deputation of the principal Catholics of Hoboken; but he refused to give other ground, saying that that square was dedi- cated by his father, John Stevens, for church purposes. On the 5th of November, 1852, Rev. A. Cauvin called the Catholics of Hoboken to a meeting in the public-school house, situated on Church Square, for the purpose of devising means of building a church in Hoboken. Peter Meehan was called to the chair, and John Kerrigan elected secretary. Rev. Dr. Cummings, pastor of St. Stephen's Church, New York, was present and ad- dressed the meeting. They subscribed ^745 for the erection of the church. On the 6th of December, 1852, they had a second meeting, Mr. Francis Bolting in the chair. They subscribed ^203, and appointed collectors for each ward. On the loth of June, 1854, Rev. Cauvin bought from the Ho- boken Land Improvement Company three lots of ground on Wil- low Street, fronting the public square, corner of Fifth Street, running 75 feet on Willow Street and 95 on Fifth Street, for the sum of ^2,600; that is, ^1,000 for the corner lot and $800 for each of the other two lots. Of this sum ^250 was paid on account. The deed of these three lots was made on the 28th of November, 1856, in the name of Rt. Rev. James R. Bayley, Bishop of New- ark; and was filed on the 6th of March, 1857, in the clerk's office of Hudson County, and the balance of the whole amount paid to the Hoboken Company. On the 4th of September, 1854, the corner-stone of the new church was laid by Bishop Bayley, of Newark, at 4 p.m., a large number of clergymen being present. The labor and tempei^ance societies of Jersey City and Hoboken, accompanied by their band, marched from Mrs. Martha Cook's house on Hudson Terrace, down Hudson Street and Fifth. Their number was about seven hundred and fifty. After the ceremony Bishop Bayley preached IN NEW JERSEY 157 to a very large audience, although the weather on that day was extremely warm. A collection was afterward taken up. From July, 1854, until June, 1855, a low Mass was read every Sunday in Hoboken, in the public-school house, on the square, at eight o'clock. The men were to pay one shilling and the women six cents. These contributions with the collections amounted at the end of that time to $745.40. The amount received for building the church from January, 1844, until June, 1855, is as follows: Collected in 1844 and 1848, with its interest $511 70 Legacy of Michael Kelly 212 00 Subscriptions in Hoboken and other places in 1852-54, with interest 1 ,Si8 84 Laying of the corner-stone on the 4th of September, 1S54. 295 92 Excursion on the 24th of September, 1854 141 -5 Collected in New York 125 00 Collection in the temporary chapel from 2d of July, 1854, until 24th June, 1855 741 40 The expenditures for building the church and the house, altar, furnace, furniture, and the $200 paid on account of the organ, amounted to $10,142.40. A loan of $5,000 was obtained in the year 1855 from Bishop Bayley. On the 24th of June the church was solemnly blessed and dedicated by Bishop Bayley to Our Lady of Grace, in presence of a large congregation. The beauti- ful painting at the back of the altar is an excellent copy of the Madonna of Foligno, painted by Raphael in 1509, made by order of Charles Felix, King of Sardinia, and bequeathed to him by the Duke of Genoa, second son of Charles Albert, his successor on the throne of Sardinia, and brother of Victor Emmanuel, present King of Italy. This painting with its frame was given by the Duke to Rev. A. Cauvin, who, in turn, gave it to the church. In spring, 1856, the two side altars were added to the church, the one to be dedicated to St. Quietus, the otlier to the Society of a Good Death, Bona Mors. Mr. Noguet, of New York, presented to the church the painting of the Crucifixion, which is at the altar of the Bona Mors. At this time, also, were made the baptismal font and the two confessionals. On the ist of June, 1856, there took place the solemn transla- tion of the relics of St. Quietus, martyr ; the ceremony being per- formed by Bishop Bayley. The procession started from the par- 158 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH sonage, the young Levites carrying palms, the priests singing the Litany of the Saints, and the Bishop carrying the rehcs in their shrine, which, after being incensed on the main altar, weie placed on the altar destined for them. The Bishop preached an eloquent sermon. "'He was certainly inspired by the Holy Ghost," said a French lady of great learning and piety. It was the first cere- mony of this kind that had taken place in America. It attracted a great number of people from the surrounding cities. All the newspapers throughout the land spoke of it, and Leslie s Illustrated Alaga::iue contained in its next number an article accompanied with illustrations showing the interior of the church, the shrine, the altar of St. Ouietus, and the likeness of the Bishop. The relics of St. Ouietus were found on the 29th of January, 1849, in the Cem- etery of Pretextatus in Rome, together with the vase con- taining his blood, and the marble slab on which \\-as engraved the foll(.)wing ejji- taph : Quietus qui vixit aiuuis tjuiuque lueuses duo in paee. These relics were given to Re\-. A. Cauvin by His Holi- ness Pope Pius IX., through the protection of His E^minence Cardinal Brignole, on the 27th of July, 1850, with the faculty of retaining, giving to others, or ex- posing to the public veneration of the faithful in any church, chapel, or orator)' whatever. The decree of donation of these relics was signed on the 21st of July, 1850, by Fr. Joseph Cartel- lani, E^piscopus Prophyriensis Sacrarii Apostolici Prefcctus. At early Mass on the da)- of the translation Bishojo Bayley admin- istered the sacrament of C(.)nfirmation to one hundred and one persons. At the end of September and at the beginning of October, 1856, the first mission was given at the church by the Paulist P"athcrs of New York, at which time about eight hundred persons approached the sacraments. In October of this year F'ive Cor- ners, now Hudson City, was detached fr(.)m the mission of West Hoboken, and a little church was built there by Rev, J. Coyle, of Jersey City, who had it in charge. FIRST CATHOLIC PCllLIC SCHOOL, HOBOKEN. built b}' Rev. A. Cauvin, in Aug-ust, e6('.\. IN NEW JERSEY 159 In December, 1 856, the Society of the Living Rosary was es- tabUshed in Hoboken, and twelve circles of fifteen members each were immediately formed, making in all one hundred and eighty members. The following Sunday another circle was formed, there being then two circles of men and eleven of women. Rev. John Hogan, pastor of Belleville, addressed the society on that occasion. The members of the society meet in the church on the first Sunday of every month, an instruction is then given, tickets are distributed, contributions are collected, and rosary is said. In 1856, before Lent, the Stations of the Cross were estab- lished. In 1857 many improvements were made in the church and house. The ceiling of the church was made with canvas covered with painted paper, and the walls of the church were painted and frescoed. The sanctuary was treated in the same manner. The Bishop's throne and pulpit were also made ; and to the house were added a kitchen and piazza. On the 17th of January in 1857 the Bishop lent $3,000 to the church; and this, with the $S,000 lent in 1855, made $8,000. With this $3,000 was paid the balance due to the Hoboken Land Company for the three lots of ground bought. The deed, which was given on the 28th of November, 1856, with interest from the loth of June, 1854, amounted to $2,775. On the 2gth of March, 1857, by a rescript of Archbishop Be- dini, secretary of the Propaganda a Fide, His Holiness Pius IX. granted to Rev. A. Cauvin, pastor of the Church of Our Lady of Grace of Hoboken, and its successors forever, the privilege of im- parting the Papal benediction three times a year to the faithful of the Church : on the festival of the patronage of St. Joseph for the Bona Mors Sodality ; on the festival of Our Lady of Grace on the first Sunday of July; and on the festival of Our Lady of the Rosary on the first Sunday of October, for the I^iving Rosary Society. The Bishop approved the privilege. On the 5th of June, 1857, Rev. Peter Beckx, Superior General of the Jesuits, granted to Rev. A. Cauvin the privilege of erecting in the church of Hoboken the Sodality of Bona Mors, and aggre- gating it to the mother sodality in Rome, with all the indulgences, etc. The sodality has since been in a flourishing condition. There has always-been a service in the church for that sodality every Friday evening at 7:30 o'clock, the services consisting in the recitation of the rosary, a sermon, the singing of the Litany of the Blessed Virgin, prayers for the sick, the afflicted, and the i6o THE CATHOLIC CHURCH dying, for the souls in purgatory, benediction of the Blessed Sac- rament, and the recitation of the De Profundis. On the 20th of June, 1858, the ceremony of the solemn coro- nation of Our Lady of Grace took place. This ceremony had been announced to the people since April, and they were waiting for it with impatience. The Bishop had granted forty days' indul- gence, and the Pope a plenary indulgence to those who would be present at the Papal Benediction; and, in consequence, an im- mense crowd of people came from New York and surrounding places, even from other States. The crown had been given by Her Highness the Duchess of Genoa, the widow of the Duke of Genoa, to Rev. A. Cauvin. It was given to him in 1856, when he went to Turin and applied to the Duchess for the donation. A platform with steps was raised behind the altar to reach the head of the Blessed Virgin. The procession, which started from the house, was composed of many priests, a crowd of small choir boys, young girls dressed in white, each carrying a bouquet of flowers, and lastly, the Celebrant, carrying the crown on a red velvet cush- ion. On arriving at the altar, the crown was deposited upon it ; the Bishop blessed it, and then ascending the platform, placed it over the head of the Blessed Virgin. He then returned to the altar where a solemn Te Deum was sung. During the High Mass the Bishop preached an appropriate sermon. At the early Mass the sacrament of Confirmation was administered to one hundred and thirteen persons. A fair was held in May, which gave a profit of ^ i , 1 1 5 . On the 2ist of August, 1858, Rev. A. Cauvin bought from the Hoboken Land Company two lots of land in the rear of the church and house, fifty feet along Fifth Street and one hundred feet parallel with Willow Street, for the sum of ^750. The deed, given in the name of Bishop Bayley, was recorded on the 2d of September, 1858. The Paulist Fathers Baker and Hecker from New York preached in the church at Mass and Vespers, it being the first Sunday of September, 1858, the feast of St. Quietus. The col- lections taken up on this day i^ere given to the Paulist Fathers for their new church and monastery at Fifty-ninth Street. This was the first money collected for the new building. On the 15th of December, 1858, Fort Lee, Hackensack, and Lodi were erected by the Bishop into a new mission, and therefore detached from that of Hoboken ; and on the sth of January, 1859, Rev. Francis Anelli, assistant priest of Rev. A. Cauvin, left Ho- boken to take charge of it. IN NEW JERSEY i6i On the 1 8th of July, 1859, Mr. Richard Conover, who had already begun to dig the foundations of tenement houses on the two lots south of the priest's house on Willow Street, kindly con- sented to exchange these two lots of ground for two other lots south of them, if Rev. Cauvin would pay him ^1,000 for the stable he had built in the rear of the two lots. Rev. Cauvin accepting this proposition, on the 22d of September, 1859, the Hoboken Land Company gave him in his own name the deed of these two lots of ground joining the house, with a mortgage of ^1,800, the value of the two lots. Besides this Rev. Cauvin gave ^115 to the architect who had obtained that exchange from Mr. Conover. On the 14th of September, 1859, Rev. Cauvin bought, in his own name, from the same company some ground in the rear for ^450. As soon as the mortgage was paid, he transferred the three lots to Bishop Bayley by an indenture of the 14th of April, i860, which was recorded on the 28th of January, 1862. The Hoboken Land Company gave to Bishop Bayley a lease for 999' years of the alley- way, 10 feet wide and 125 feet deep, from Fifth Street, between the church ground bought on the 28th of November, 1856, and the ground bought afterward on the 21st of August, 1858, and on the 14th of September, 1859. This lease was renewed. A« soon as possible Rev. A. Cauvin repaired the stable pre- viously purchased from Mr. Conover, and converted it into a select temporary school and a dwelling-house for a teacher. On the first Monday of September a select school was opened in that house with Miss Sarah Mahoney for the teacher. For fifteen years she had been teacher of the English department in St. Vin- cent de Paul's French Church of New York, under the direction of Father Lafont, to whom Rev. A. Cauvin had been an assistant for the four years preceding his coming to Hoboken. This select school for young ladies and small boys continued to flourish until the parochial school was built in 1864, Miss Mahoney still being the teacher. The contributions of the children sufficed for the support of the teacher and the repairs of the school and house. In August, 1859, the gas was introduced in the church and in the house. It cost ^762. In November, 1859, Rev. A. Cauvin established a ladies' benevolent society for the poor of Hoboken. Mrs. Peter Mahon was elected president, Mrs. Frances Bolting vice-president, Mrs. Pychowska treasurer. Miss Celestine Arras secretary, and Miss Sarah Mahoney in charge of the wardrobe. These ladies con- II i62 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH tinued in office and worked very hard and with great zeal in be- half of the poor until the Sisters of the Poor came to Hoboken in January, 1863. To pay for the ground purchased in 1859, a fair was held in November, 1859, which gave a profit of ;^i,3i3; and an excursion was given with a net profit of $653.73. There took place on the loth of June, i860, the solemn inaugu- ration of forty-two oil paintings which Rev. Cauvin procured from Italy to decorate the church. Some of these paintings are origi- nal ; some as old as one hundred and fifty-seven years. The cere- mony was performed by Bishop Bayley, who preached at the High Mass. The proceeds of the ceremony and the funds of the Rosary Society paid for the paintings and their frames. This was the third ceremony of a new kind performed in America, and it served to excite the zeal of the clergy in adorning and ornamenting the churches, according to the true Catholic spirit, and thus distin- guishing them from the Protestant churches. At .the early Mass Bishop Bayley administered the sacrament of Confirmation to sixty -seven persons. On the 24th of November, 1861, Dr. Cahill delivered a lecture on the Holy Eucharist and transubstantiation for the benefit of the Ladies' Benevolent Society. On the 21st of April, 1861, the church of West Hoboken with all the territory on the hill of the Palisades was detached from the parish of Hoboken, and given to the Passionist Fathers. On- the 29th of January, 1862, a deed was given by the Hobo- ken Land Company to Bishop Bayley of a piece of ground 5 by 75 feet, on the rear of the school ground and Mr. Conover's houses, 100 feet from Fifth Street to 175 feet south. This was done to make square the ground bought on the 14th of Septem- ber, 1859. Confirmation was given in April, 1862, to one hundred and seventeen persons. On the nth of January, 1863, the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis came to Hoboken from Cincinnati, and established a house of their order on Meadow Street, No. 134. Sister Antonia was Superior and Sister Felicita the Mother Superior in America. As there was no house to be rented, Mr. Bryan Smith, a worthy Catholic of Hoboken, bought a house and rented it to the Sisters for $200 a year. Before their arrival. Rev. A. Cauvin made an appeal to the congregation to help him in paying the rent, furnish- ing the house, and preparing some provisions. The people con- tributed very liberally. More than $700 was paid in cash, the house was furnished with twenty-eight beds, all the necessary IN NEW JERSEY 163 kitchen utensils and furniture, and provisions for four months. The ceremony of their installation took place in the church at the High Mass. After the High Mass Rev. Cauvin presented the Sisters with a painting of St. Mary of the Poor, under whose pro- tection he placed them, recommending them to take care of the poor without distinction of creed or nationality. In the afternoon their house was blessed and opened to the public for inspection. The Sisters took immediate charge of the poor, the sick, and the orphans. The ladies of the benex'olent society, who had taken care of the poor for the space of three years, placed in the Sisters' hands all their funds, and their most precious treasure, the poor themselves. The little association of St. Vincent de Paul that had been formed in Hoboken two years previously did the same, and both societies were dissolved. In August, 1863, Rev. Cauvin called the male members of the congregation to a meeting, where it was resolved to build a school house on the two lots of ground bought in 1859 for that purpose. Mr. A. Lockwood, the architect, made the plan, Mr. Timothy Foley, of Hoboken, was the contractor for the masonry work, and Daniel Meystre for the carpenter work. It was immediately begun, and in October, 1863, Bishop Bayley came to lay the corner-stone, and preached an eloquent sermon on the necessity for Ctitholic schools. The school was finished in August, 1864, at the cost of $11,892, which was all paid in 1865, as can be seen by the reports of 1864 and 1865. On the 1st of September, 1864, the parochial schools were opened for both sexes. The Sisters of Charity of Madison were invited to come and take charge of the girls and small boys, and a layman for the large boys. Then the select school was dismissed, and the worthy teacher entered the Order of the Visitation in Brooklyn. As soon as the school was organized a Mass was read every Sunday at nine o'clock for the children, who sang hymns under the direction of their music teacher. Miss Catherine Hogan, of Ho- boken. The children also sang every Friday evening during the service for the Bona Mors. In June, 1861, Bishop Bayley came to give confirmation in the church to one hundred and four persons, and in the evening after Vespers he delivered a lecture on his journey to Rome for the benefit of the school. On the 20th of September, 1864, in pursuance of an act ap- proved February 17th, 1864, the Church of Hoboken was incor- i64 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH porated under the name of the Church of (Jur Lady of Grace, Hoboken, recorded October 3d, 1864.' On the lOth of March, 1865, the trustees elected Bishop Bay ley president. Rev. A. Cau- vin treasurer, and L. DeGrand Val secretar)-. On the same day they adopted the by-laws. On January nth, 1865, the Forty Hours' devotion was for the first time established in the church, according to the general order of the Bishop, who assigned a different Sunday for each church in his diocese. Father Gaudentius, of Hoboken, preached on two evenings. This devotion produced excellent fruits; eight or nine hundred persons received Holy Communion. On the 5th of February, 1865, a mission was given in the church by Father Smarius and Father Converse, Jesuits of Chi- cago. The church was alwa)s crowded. Seventeen hundred and fifty persons received Holy Communion during the mission. In August, 1865, they began to build the hospital and asylum for the Sisters of the Poor on five lots purchased from the Ho- boken Land Company on W'illow Street, comer of Fourth Street. The deed was given to Bishop Bayley on the i6th of November, and recorded on the 23d of November. Mr. Keely, of Brooklyn, was the architect, Mr. Timothy Foley the mason, and Mr. Read, of Boston, the carpenter. It will be under the exclusive control of the Bishop and the Sisters of the Poor. For building this hos- pital and asylum the people of Hoboken contributed ^4,600, and the fair, which was held in Odd Fellows' Hall in October, 1865, gave a net profit of 35.500. On the 5th of October, 1865, was organized a Temperance Benevolent Society in Hoboken after the plan of the Society of St. Patrick's Cathedral in Newark, recommended by Bishop Bay- ley in a circular to the clergy, on the 22d of September, 1865. This is also a religious society, since they have a chaplain, who is the pastor of the church, for supervisor, and the members must receive the Holy Communion three times a 3ear. In 1 843 there were but 71 houses in Hoboken and 59 rum-shops. In September, 1857, Rev. A. Cauvin took the census of the Catholics of Hoboken, when he found that there were in the city of Hoboken 1,600 Catholics, as follows : 568 married persons ; 341 single persons, 638 children, 83 unknown, principally Germans. Total, 1,600. These married and single persons formed 304 families. Out of the 341 single persons 204 were girls living out, and the remainder, 137 men and women single. Out of the 638 children, 179 were under six years of age, 254 between six and fif- IN NEW JERSEY 165 teen years of age, 205 above fifteen years of age. One family had II children and another 10; i had 9, another 5; 5 had 7 children each, and 12 had 6 children; 13 had 5 children, and 27 had 4 chil- dren. The other 215 families had i or 2 children, or none. This census was taken for the pvu-pose of knowing all the children and their residence, in order to bring them to the catechism. The population of Hoboken was in 1861, 9,662; that of Jersey City, 29,226; that of Hudson City, 7,229; of Newark, 71,941; of Paterson, 19,586; Trenton, 17,221; Camden, 14,358; Elizabeth, 11,568; New Brunswick, 11,255; Orange, 8,977; Rahwa)^, 7,138; Morristown, 5,986; and Hackensack, 5,488. The population in 1865 was: In Hoboken, 12,973; in Jersey City, 36,370; and in Hudson City, 10,509. The population of Hudson County in 1850 was 21,819; i"^ i860 it was 65,923; and in 1865 it was 81,900. The population of the State of New Jersey in 1850 was 468,319, and in i860 it was 659,998. The principal presents made to Rev. Cauvin for the church, or which Rev. Cauvin gave to the church, were ; ( i ) A silver chalice given by the old Countess of Cavour (Turin) in 1852, which chalice was stolen from the church in 1 863 in the month of No- vember. (2) Another chalice, also in silver, given in 1854 by a Marchioness of Genoa, a friend of Mrs. Serafina Archini, the sis- ter of Rev. A. Cauvin, and which he gave to the church of West Hoboken. (3) The great painting of Our Lady of Grace in the church of Hoboken, given by the Duke of Genoa in 1853. (4) The painting of Our Lady of Mercy in the church of West Ho- boken, sent by His Eminence Cardinal Brignole. (5) A chalice engraved with the name and imperial arms of Emperor Napoleon HL (6) A large sanctuary lamp with the imperial arms given by the same emperor. This lamp was the same that was bought for the chapel of the Tuileries at the time of the consecration of Charles X. (7) A silver ostensorium, by Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia. This present was made to Rev. Cauvin in recompense of the services rendered by him for so many years to the Italians of New York, especially to the Genoese, whom he attended in their sickness, instructed, and many of whom continued to come to him for confession. (8) Some vestments from the family of Cavour, of Turin, and other acquaintances of Rev. A. Cauvin. In the spring of 1849 some gentlemen of Jersey City, Hoboken, and Five Corners formed a company for the purpose of buying i66 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH ground for a cemetery for the benefit of the Catholics of Hudson County, as these had no other place to bury their dead than in Calvary Cemetery of New York. (3n the 21st of April, 1864, they organized themselves into a corporation, according to the general law of the State of New Jersey, the certificate of which was recorded on the 22d of April, and elected nine trustees, James R. Bayley being chairman and Anthony Cauvin secretary. On the 28th of April, 1864, the board of trustees elected the follow- ing officers: Bishop Bayley, president; Rev. J. Kelly, vice-presi- dent; Rev. Anthony Cauvin, treasurer; and Rev. D. Senez, sec- retary. The corporation took the name of the Hudson County- Catholic Cemetery. On May 6th, 1866, Bishop Bayley administered Confirmation to one hundred and eight)-six children and grown persons. An- drew Thorman, a convert at the age of ninety )ears, was con- firmed on this day. On this day at 4 p.m. Bishop Bayley blessed the new St. Mary's Hospital, which the Sisters of the Poor occupied the week previous. He went in procession from the church, accompanied by the children, who had recei\-ed first Communion and Confirma- tion in the morning, by eight clergymen, the temperance societies of Hoboken and Jersey City, and the cadets of both cities, with a band of music. He preached in the chapel of the hospital, and gave in it the benediction of the Blessed Sacrament. A great concourse of people attended the ceremony. The societies paraded through the streets of Hoboken after the ceremony. In the evening the Bishop lectured in St. Mary's Church for the benefit of the hospital. On the 28th of September, 1868, Bishop Bayley blessed sol- emnly the upper part of the Hudson County Cemetery, from the middle cross and the wiult to the meadows. Two blocks l;ad been previously blessed by Rev. Cau\in in 1866. The Bishop was ac- companied by all the pastors of the Hudson County churches. He preached a beautiful sermon to the people who came to wit- ness the ceremony, which began at 9:30 o'clock and ended at noon. On April 28th, 1869, Rev. Daniel J. Fisher, assistant pastor of Hoboken, died in St. Mary's Hospital, after ten days of sickness, in great sentiments of piety, patience, and faith. His funeral took place on the 30th of April, in presence of the Vicar-General and twenty-six priests of the diocese. On the 3d of August, 1 869, the clergy of the diocese presented IN NEW JERSEY 167 an address to Bishop Bay ley with )^ 5,000 ; and on the following day he started for Rome to the Ecumenical Council (Vatican). In September, 1871, the Bishop appointed Rev. Cauvin to take care of the Germans of Hoboken. October 8th the Rev. Cauvin called the Germans to a meeting for the 15th, when about forty German families were present: And on October 22d the Rev. Angelus Kempen (a secularized Carmelite) began to say Mass in a hall kindly put at his disposal by Peter Kerrigan in Grand, corner of Newark Street. The Rev. Kempen having failed to form a German congrega- tion in the meadows, where his temporary chapel was filled with other people than Germans, the Bishop ordered him to look for a more decent place, and forbade him to preach in English and to have anything to do with the Irish, as his mission was for the Ger- mans only. On the 5th and 12th of May, 1872, he opened a tem- porary chapel in a hall on Meadow Street, between Fifth and Sixth, and it was filled with Germans. There are in Hoboken between three and four thousand German Catholics. There is no place in the United States where there are more elements for a German congregation than in Hoboken. The) need only a church for themselves. But having again disobeyed his orders, and preached in English, and coaxed the Irish in his chapel, and thus failed again, the Bishop invited Father Durthaller, a Jesuit of New York, to take charge of the Germans, and dismissed the Rev. Kempen. After Bishop Bayley went to Baltimore as Arch- bishop, Dr. Corrigan, the administrator, invited Father Durthaller to keep his engagement ; but this he refused to do unless he had also the power of administering all the sacraments to all the Catholics of Hoboken, whether Germans or Irish. Dr. Corrigan was obliged to comply with his demand as a condition sine qua non, and December 3d, 1872, he came to Hoboken, and read Mass and preached in his chapel for two Sundays. Rev. Cauvin disapproved of this arrangement as against the constitution of the Church as defined by the Council of Trent, the Second Plenary Council of Baltimore, and the synod of the diocese, which condemn nominatim the jurisdiction of two pastors ex cequo over the same flock ; and then Rev. Durthaller left Ho- boken. Mass was then read occasionally in the German chapel on Sundays, till Dr. Corrigan appointed the Rev. Father Martens to take care exclusively of the Germans. He came to Hoboken March 3d, 1873. On July 1st, 1873, Rev. Cauvin wrote to Bishop Corrigan, that i68 THE CATHOLIC CHURCM after twenty-six }ears of uninterrupted labor in this country, twenty-two in Hoboken, with only three months' vacation, seven- teen years ago, he felt the need of rest, and therefore he had de- termined to resign his place and go to Nice, France, his native country. On August 3d, Sunday, Rev. Cauvin announced to the congregation his resignation for the sake of his health and need of rest, and August 9th he left Hoboken for France. The Rev. Anthony Cauvin, born August 23d, 1810, at Sclos, a little hamlet near Nice, was the youngest of ten children. The child of exemplary parents he was the third to enter the priest- hood. His preliminary studies were made in his native town, and his theological studies, until closed by the Revolution of 1830, in the seminary of Avignon. He afterward went to Turin and Rome, where he was ordained priest b}' Cardinal Brignole-Sale, October I2th, 1 834. The register of the clergy of the Newark diocese states that he had been a member of the Order of Mercy. For some years he taught in a college near Genoa, but his health forced him to abandon that kind of work, and for a short time he was a tutor in the family of Count Cavour, the father of the famous minister. In 1847 he determined to go to America, and, on landing, asso- ciated himself to Father Lafont, then pastor of the French Catho- lic Church on Canal Street, New York. He remained three years in this position, and in 1850 he was assigned by Archbiishop Hughes to the mission of Cold Spring and West Point on the Hudson. After spending a year in this assignment. Father Cau- vin was sent to establish a parish in the territory between the Hudson and Hackensack rivers, the history of which he has so carefully and so charmingly written. There is no doubt that his health was shaken by his constant and laborious pastorate. But there were other motives which prompted him to bid adieu to ties which had so long bound him to the Catholics of Hoboken^— the necessity for a larger church, the departure for Baltimore of his old friend, Archbishop Bayley, to whom he was more than devoted, and the friction between those in charge of the hospital and him- self with regard to the disposition of the proceeds of the fair, held for the benefit of the hospital, and which amounted to $8,000. Sisters Paula and Afra complained to. the administrator, the Very Rev. Dr. Corrigan, that these moneys had been diverted from their legitimate uses by Father Cauvin. This led to quite some correspondence between the head of the diocese and In new jersey 169 the pastor of St. Mary's, until, finally, on November 20th, 1869, Dr. Corrigan wrote to Father Cauvin, "forbidding him posi- tively from alienating the fair money from its legitimate channels, and asking him to announce to the congregation on the following Sunday that the hospital debt would be paid off to the extent of $8,000.'' Some weeks later he complied with the demand of his ecclesiastical superior. Father Cauvin spent the remaining years of his life in Nice. In 1881 he buUt at Sclos a chapel in memory of his brother Don Sixte Cauvin, who died the year before ; and in the cemetery^ of the same hamlet he erect- ed his own monument with the following inscription : " The priest, Anthony Cauvin, bom August 23d, 1 810. The founder and for twenty-three years rector of the Church of Our Lady of Grace, of the City of Hobo- ken, in the United States of America. In his own life- time he erected for himself this stone, in the year of God, 1884." He died at Nice, May 26th, 1902, in the ninety- third year of his age, and in the sixty-eighth year of his sacred ministry. On Sunday, September 28th, 1873, his successor, the Rev. Major Charles Duggan, was installed pastor, and the solemn high Mass was sung by the new incumbent, assisted by the Rev. Fathers Bergmaim and Bettoni, deacon and sub-deacon respective- ly. Father Duggan, bom June, 1 83 1 , made his theological studies in St. Bonaventure's College, Alleghany, N. Y., and was received into the diocese of Newark on the exeat granted by Bishop Com- thwaite, of Beverly, England, dated October 23d, 1865. He found a field for his activity in New Bmnswick, N. J., where, as assistant to the Venerable Father Rogers, he built the convent, bought the rectory and hospital property, and built the church in Metuchen. May 1 8th, 1874, work on the proposed new church was begun CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF GRACE, HOBOKEN. 170 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH by driving piles for the foundation ; and on Sunday, June 7th, the foundation stone was laid in presence of a vast concourse of people, and the various parish and other societies ; and on Sunday, July 4th, 1875, the corner-stone was laid by Bishop Corrigan, the Rev. Dr. Lancaster Spalding preaching on the occasion. In November, 1875, Father Duggan returned to England, and became affiliated to the diocese of Southwark. January ist, 1876, the Rev. Louis D. Senez, pastor of St. Mary's, Jersey City, was sent to Hoboken, as the third pastor of Our Lady of Grace. But as he was already advanced in years, the burden was beyond his strength, and he was constrained to crave Bishop Corrigan's permission to return to his old charge, to the congregation he had built up in Jersey City. The Rev. Patrick Corrigan had succeeded him as pastor of St. Mary's, and was not at all inclined to yield to the old pastor's prayers. However, he finally consented to exchange places, and in September, 1876, he assumed pastoral charge of the Hoboken congregation. The Rev. Patrick Corrigan, born in Longford, January ist, 1835, made his theological studies in All Hallows, Ireland, and St. Mary's, Baltimore, where he was ordained priest June 28th, i860. His first mission was St. Peter's, Jersey City, and continued until 1863, when he was given charge of the Church of the Madonna, Fort Lee. On the death of Father Kelly, 1866, he was appointed pastor of St. Peter's, Jersey City, May loth. Circumstances made his appointment not altogether popular, and in spite of his energy, cheerfulness, and activity, he realized that the barriers were irremovable. On May 20th, 1870, Father Corrigan called on Dr. Corrigan, the administrator, to arrange for the dedication of St. Bridget's Church, and stated " that he was anxious, as soon as he paid off the debt — $28,000 — on St. Peter's, to be allowed to retire to St. Bridget's, and work there alone; that difficulties would always exist to mar his efficiency at St. Peter's," etc. (diary of Bishop Corrigan). There was a rapidly growing congregation in the southern sec- tion of Jersey City, far from the influence of any parish, one which urgently demanded the presence of the priest. Father Corrigan had secured a valuable site, on which he had erected a small frame church. The transfer of St. Peter's to the Jesuit Fathers took place April i6th, 1871. Thereupon Father Corrigan went abroad, and remained in Europe six months. During his absence the Re\-. Peter L. Connolly attended to the spiritual wants of St. Bridget's. IX NEW JKRSKY 171 Hoboken needed just such a \igorous, determined, dauntless priest to carry through to comj^letion the state])- church begun b\- Father Duggan. I'lider I-"athei- ( \irrigan's jiasturate wcix: liuilt the rec- tory and piirish s(h of Scranton, was the first Iciest to celebrate Mass in Salem. He held the first services early on the morn- ing of St. Patrick's Da}-, March 17th, 1847, in the house of Matthew McBnde, corner of Broad and Second streets. The Rev. Dr. O'Hara n-iade visits to Salem at reg- ular intervals, and held services alternately at the homes of Matthew McBride oad Street. The little band and it soon became neces- GEIGER S HOLSi;. XHAK S.^I.E>r. The beacon light of Catholicit}- in Sinuh Jersej', p. 52. and Patrick McDonald on West Bi of worshi|i|)ers gradualh' inci-eased, IN NEW JERSEY 179 FIRST CHURCH IN SALEM. sary to procure more spacious accommodations for holding divine services. Samuel Ward, a Protestant gentleman, kindly donated the use of the hall over his blacksmith shop, on the corner of Broad and Griffith streets, where services were held until the church was erected. In May, 1848, the Rev. E. S. Q. Wal- dron was appointed by Rt. Rev. Bishop Kenrick, of Phila- delphia, to attend Salem and other missions in South Jersc)'. With zeal and energy Father Waldron devoted himself to his laborious missionary work, going from place to place, sa}'- ing Mass in public halls and private houses, instructing the chil- dren, and preaching to the small bands of Catholics in the places he visited. Toward the close of the year 1848 the good missionary and his faithful people in Salem deemed it advisable to secure ground for a church. In those )'ears wages were low, farm labor- ers receiving but six and eight dollars a month, and living-out girls seventy cents and a dollar a week. The work of raising funds begun b)- Dr. O'Hara was carried on by the zeal of Father Waldron. October 25th, 1848, the lot on which the church is located was purchased from George Bowen for ^540. A new impetus was given to the ardent zeal of the good pastor and his de\'oted people by the purchase of a site for a church edifice. \Vork was commenced on the foundation in the year 1849, but had to be discontinued later for want of funds. Father Waldron was transferred to other fields of labor, and Salem was visited regularly by Revs. I. Amat, CM., Jeremiah O'Dono- hue, Hugh Lane, A. Haviland, John Kellc)', Very Rev. Edward I. Sourin, V.G., Re\s. Roger O'Connor and A. Rossi, CM., suc- cessively until December, 1851, when the Rt. Rev. Bishop Ken- rick of Philadelphia appointed the Rev. John McDermott as first resident pastor. Father McDermott made his home for several months with Thomas Murphy on Second Street. March 24th, 1852, F"ather McDermott bought the small house and lot adjoining the church propert)- from John N. Cooper for $1,003. The house he occupied as a rector)-. The church was under roof by the middle of June, and preparations were made to have it dedicated on the 4th of July following. The dedication of the new edifice to the ser\-ice of God took place Sunday, July 4th, i8o THE CATHOJJC CHURCH 1852. The Very Rev. Patrick E. Moriarly, ().S.y\., of St Au- gustine's Church, I'hiladclphia, officiatwl 011 the occasion, ami preached an appropriate sermon. The jxistor, Rev. jolm McDer- mott, celebrated Mass. In December, 1853, heather McDermolt puicbased Irom l>;i)ene- zer Dunn a small house and lot adjoining- the rectoi'}' loi- $^^0. He connected the two houses by means of a hallway, and the double house served for nearly forty yeais as the residence of the pastors of St. Mary's. In the beL;iniung of the \'ear 1855 the Rev. Cornelius Caimon was appointed by the Rt. Rev. Hisliop ISayleyas ])aslor ol Salem and missions, to succeed heather M( 1 )erniott. In April, 1 859, the last ad- dition to the original church ])i'opei't)' was pui'i'hascd Irom John C. Ihinn foi' ;f 4O0. 'f"he congregation had gi^own and the pastoi- pui'chascd this last lot of ground with the inten- tion of erecting a parish school thereon. y\ctuatcd In' the desire to ])i"ocure religious training as well as secular knowlcdge foi' the chikh'cn of the parish, leather Cann(.)n ereited on the kit ])urchase(l froiii Mr. Dunn the front portion of the frame building on ( )ak Sti^cet in the year 1863. lie employed lay teachers to conduct the school under his own immediate supervision, k'alher Cannon attended Swedesboro and Woodstown. The chui-ch in Salem was incorporated Seirtembcr 20th, 1864, under the title ol" " St. Mar)''s Catholic Church, Salem." In januaiy, 1870, k'ather Cannon, after fifteen yeai-s of laithlul ser\'ii'e, was transleii'cd to Jersey Cit}', and the Rc\'. Secundino I'attle appointed as his successor in Salem. ( )n the exc ol Christmas, prior to the arrival of Father Rattle, the altar and the inteiior ol tlie dniich were damagetl by fii'e. In less than tin-ce months a new altar was erected and the interior of tin- church renovated. In 1872 Father I'allle built a small frame church in Woods- town. In May, 1873, the Rc\'. Anthony Cassesse was appointed by Rt. Rev. Michael A. Coia'igan, then ISishop of Newark, as first ST. MARY S (.HLUfI H, S.\l.l:.\l. LV NEW JERSEY i8i resident pastor of St. Joseph's Church, Swedesboro, thus relieving Father Pattle of the charge. In June, 1 876, Father Pattle was appointed pastor of St. Paul's Church, Burlington, and the Rev. James McKeman assumed charge of St. ^Mary's. Ill health compelled the zealous Father McKeman to resign the pastorate of St. Mary's and missions in November, 1879, to the intense regret of his devoted people. The next spiritual guide of St. Mar\ 's was the Rev. Peter Demis, who in his quiet and unpretentious way entered on his sacred duties, and labored with zeal and energy for the welfare of the souls en- trusted to his fatherly care. The parish school had up to his time been taught by lay teachers, I\Iiss Mary McBride, Patrick Fitzpatrick, !Mrs. Fields, James Maguire, the Misses Sarah O'XeUl, Agnes Barr, Mar)" O'Connor, Mary Crean, and Mr. John Loftus, successively. Father Demis made arrangements to have the Sisters take charge of the school. In 1881 three Franciscan Si.sters came from Philadelphia to Salem. In October, 1886, the Rev. J. Duggan was appointed by Bishop O'Farrell to succeed Father Demis, who was transferred to ^loorestown. In the year 1894 what is known as the Mitchell property, on Oak Street, was purchased from I. Oakford Acton, for the sum of S3, 200, thus placing in possession of the church the entire half block from Carpenter to Thompson streets. The parish school was discontinued and the Sisters returned to Philadelphia. After eleven years of devoted and untiring labor Father Duggan was promoted in January, 1898, by Rt. Rev. Bishop ]\IcFaul to the pastorate of St. ^Iar)'s Church, Borden- town. The Rev. William H. Lynch came from St. Mary's Cathe- dral, Trenton, as Father Duggan's successor. Father Lynch labored assiduously until October, 1900, when lie was appointed to the rectorship of St. John's Church, Lambertville. The Rev. Stephen M. Lyon, the present rector, entered on his duties October 2d, 1900. He first met his congregation Sunday, October 7th. St. Paul's Church, Princeton. It has already been seen that Catholicity is no stranger in the great university town of Princeton. A seething caldron of bitter antipathies to the old Church, the armory whence Breckenridge found and hurled his deadliest shafts against the Catholic Church in his controversy with Bishop Hughes, still this old stronghold of Presbyterianism, with its diadem of beautiful homes and de- l82 THK CATHOLIC CHURCH mesnes, with its bcwitcliiiiy and ]iictuivs(|uc iiatuval {^lories of hill and vale, of lann and foix'st, has even in its earliest days sheltered and toleiated the creed of w'liieh uf yoi-e it was the bit- terest foe. Hut nut until the famines uf 1846 and 1 847 had tliaxen the Iiash cottei' from his cabin and cnuntrs', and landed him an inmiii^rant in (an" cduntr)', wlua'e, uwiiiL;' In the clex'elopment nl I'ailroads and canals, his labor was ea;4erl\' souj^'ht loi', did the \ii'ile, fertile seed of faith l)eL;'in to L;'i"n\v and bear fruit in tliis unfriendh' soil. Very eai"l\' in the lorties did ^"ood I'ather l\oi;"ers joni'iiey hith- ei", and in the home ol |ames l!o\le, the farnici' ol ( io\-- ernoi' Newell, offer the hol\- sacrifice and dis])ense the con- solations of i-elif,'"ion to the little company of Catholics, woi'kiui; on the canal and railroad, or at service in the college or on the neighboring farms. The Rev. John Scollard was the first I'csident ]iastor, in 1850, and remained with the flock se\'en )'ears. Me worked with zeal and efficicnc\, and seemed to ha\'e the coui'age ol his comit tions. In a letter written January 3d, 1854, to l-'ather Allaire, then chancellor of the diocese, relati\'e to a collection for the seminai-y in h'ordbam, he writes : "I have not taken up an)* such collection in 1853, and what is more, unless the Piishop exercises liis full authoiatx" in the case, I will not do It in 1854 eithei"; and that because 1 do not think the seminary in Fordham is what it ou.ght to be, and hence I would not deem it just on my |)ai't to contribute to its su])port. M)' rea- sons for thinking so I am ])i-e|")aix'd to give when called upon." The Rev. Alfred Young, in Jul)-, 1857, was the second pastoi'. Owing to his shrewdness the (Ttholics were enabled to bu)- the fine property of twelve acres, within the cit)-'s limits, and their non-Catholic brethren were more than amazed when the\' learned who had purchased the little farm, lie erected u|)on it the ST. I'AUI, S cni'KCll, J'KlNCI-yioN. IN Ni;W IKRSKY 183 church, which he kept scruiiulously clean and neat. j\ line musician, he composed hymns antl taught them to the children. During" his administration a mission was gi\'en liy the celeljrated Pauhst F"athers, Hewitt and Raker, which made no httle stir in the communit)'. ( )\ving to impro|)er tonstruction the tnist cliiirch, a stone huikling, partialh' collapsed iluring the mission exercises, hut (ortimatel)' without serious injurw These zealoLis missioiiai'ies wrought good work among the townsjieople, hut they were the means of losing to the diocese a \ery capable and worthy i)riest. Father Young was enamored of their work, and although l^ishop Bayley long resisted his wishes, he yielded e\'entually, and Father Young entered the Paulist conununit)', in which he remained an active, edifying member until God called him to his reward. But although no longer in the flesh, Father Young will tell the story of his conversion and his first experience as pastor in Prince- ton. Father Alfred Young was born in Bristol, h.ngland, on the 2ist of Januar)', 1831. In the spring of that year the family came to America, sta3ing for a brief period in Philadelphia, whence they remo\'ed to Trent\', and mi the soutli tn tlie territory bordering on New Brunswick. I lis siu cessoi", the lve\-. Patricia McCarthy came in 1849 to extend, or rathei" eoiuentrate, tlie worl-; within closer limits. To l*'ather (Juinu, Imwcve]-, was given the first resident i-ectoi'shiii. The i\e\-. Thomas Ouinii made his theological studies in l<'oi-dhani, and was nrdained priest b\- Bishop Hughes, June 14th, 1849. He was for a time assistant in St. John's, Paterson, and its jiastor, and assigned to I'erth Ani- ST. MAKV S I Hl'KCn .\.\I) RECT(iRV, K.VHW.VV.X.J. boy, October gth, 1853. There he built the old frame church, ami attended the atljacent missions ; but April ist, 1854, he took up his residence in Rahwa)', deeming that the more ini[ioi-tant mission. Here he built the first church and school. The older generation of Catholics still ti'easure his memory, and his name in Rah way, Woodbridge, and the snia-ounding coun- try brings with it recollections of a jiriest peculiarh' adapted to the arduous work of the earl)- da\s. He died l'\-biaiai-y 5th, 1873, and he is buried in the new cemetery of the paiash. F"ather Quinn was succeeded by the Re\-. Sebastian Smith, D.D., a man of studious habits and marked abilitw His many r88 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH works are an important contribution to the ecclesiastical literature of the present generation. The Rev. Edward McCosker was transferred to this field from Newton, where he had labored for nearly a score of years. Father McCosker, born in the parish of Drumragh, diocese of Derry, in 1828, made his preliminary studies in St. Mary's College, Wilmington, Del., and his theological studies at St. Mary's, Baltimore, where he was ordained priest by Archbishop Kenrick, June i8th, 1859. He discharged the duties of assistant in St. Peter's, New Brunswick, St. Mary's, Jersey City, and St. John's, Newark, from which he was appointed to Newton, August 12th, 1861. While in Newton he built the beau- tiful brick church and rectory, a frame church in Hackettstown, and a brick church in Franklin Furnace. Shortly after his arrival in Rahway he displayed his wonted energy, and set about the erection of the present fine church and priest's house. But advancing years and unremitting toil made it necessary for him to obtain from Bishop Wigger an administra- tor who would relieve him of the responsibility and worriment of the pastoral office. The present incumbent, the Rev. Bernard M. Bogan, was sent to him in June, 1894. On July loth, 1896, he retired as rector emeritus, and at present is living in St. Joseph's Hospital, Paterson. Father Bogan, born in Newark, N. J., December 8th, 1858, made his preparatory studies at St. Charles's College and Seton Hall, and is of the class of '81. He was an assistant in St. Paul's and St. Bridget's, Jersey City, and Holy Cross, Harrison, Febru- ary 2d, 1886. St. Mary's parish numbers 1,247 souls. The property, including church, rectory, school, convent, and parish hall, is valued at ^50,000. St. Mary's Cemetery, about two miles west of Rahway, is owned and controlled by the church cor- poration. The parish school is in charge of the Sisters of St. Dominic, and one hundred and thirty pupils are in attendance. A Young Men's Club, Holy Name and Rosary Society, Children of Mary, and Blessed §acrament Society, keep the faith alive among the old and young, and are active in cooperating with the pastor in the work of the parish. St. Mary's Church, Stony Hill. The records of St. Mary's Catholic Church, Stony Hill, Som- erset Co., go back to the year 1 847, when the baptismal record shows that Father Raffeiner of Brooklyn administered the sacra- IN NEW JERSEY 189 ment of baiJtism tu Bartholomew Wormzcr, October 17th, 1847. The first settlers of this section were (iermans, and as the priests of that nati(inalit)' were few at the time, theii- spiritual needs were attended to h)' the pastur of the ticniians of ]]i'ooklyn, the Rev. John Ivaffeiner. The Redemptorist l*'atliers took charge of the parish toward the close of the )'ear 1S47 and attended the congre- gation until the year 1854, when the Rev. f'eter Martlaub became pastor and remained in charge until the end of the }'ear 1857. The Benedictine h'athers from Newark assumed the charge of the parish in the year 1S5S, and continued their ministra- tions until the \'ear 1874. Father Bergman and the Rew Gregory Misdziol were pas- tors in 1 874. P'ather Misdzit )1, born in Budkowitz, diocese of Breslau, Silesia, Poland, was ordained priest in Seton Ifall College Chapel, June 22tl, 1865. His field of labor was New l-Srunswick, where he was the first pastor of and built the church of St. John Baptist, fde also had charge of the Germans in Trenton. In August, 1 87 1, he was assistant to the \-enerable Father Lemke in Elizabeth, and in March, 1874, he was appointed pastor ishoi> James A. McFanl, of Trenton, Monsignors Shepjiai'cl and ( )'( ii-ad), Dean Fhain, mmI others wei'e trained. l*"rom the ihildren of this ven- erable parish were sent inan\" priests, who went to othei" fields of labor and ereeted ehurehes for the people to worshiji in, and seho^)ls iir whieh their ehiklren are gi\'en a good relii;'ions and seeular edueation. httiny tliem to be i;-ootl eitizens. Man\- _\-ouni; women of the old parish haxe joinetl religious orilers and conse- erated their lix'es to the edueation of the xouny, the eare of the orphans, the siek, and the ai;'ed. And, finLilb, from those who labored within this sanetuar\' ha\x- spnmy" institutions of learn- THE T)loLESAX COLIJEX JUIULEE. No\"E:\n'.EK 3d. 1903. ing seeond to none, institutions for the pln'sical and religious welfare of those who are bereft of home and parents, and for the treatment of the afflieted." In September, 1853, eame tlie news that the Rew lames Roosex'elt Ba\-ley, the seeretar\' of Ai'chbishop Hughes, was '202 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH appointed first Bishop of Newark, embracing the whole State of New Jerse\-. Father Senez hastened to New York and placed his resignatioir of the pastoral charge of St. Patrick's in the hands of the bishop-elect. In vain were argument and cajoling used to induce him to remain, and having been asked who was qualified RIC;HT rev. HERNARI) m'ouaid, uisiiop of roche.ster. amon'^'- the priests of the new diocese to take his place, Father Senez without hesitation named 1^'athcr Mc(}uaid, then in Madison. Bishop-elect Bayley wrote at once to Father McOuaid to report at the cathedral the following Sunda)'. But the pastor of Madi- son found this impossible, as he had made arrangements with con- tractors to begin the church in Mendham, and, furthermore, he IN NEW JERSEY 203 claimed at least a week's delay to arrange matters in Madison. This request was granted, and on Sunday, September 25th, the new pastor made his first appearance before his new charge. It was not easy to supplant Father Senez in the affection of his flock, since this good priest exercised a strong — some would call it a hypnotic — influence over all those with whom he came in touch, and to this day the remnants of the old pioneers still speak of him with love and veneration. When he first visited his new mission, Father McQuaid was dissatisfied with the conditions he found in the orphanage in the rear of the church. Father Senez had installed some good women of the parish as matrons of the little ones, and while they did the best they could, still there was abundant room for unprovement. On a visit to Bishop Bayley, Father McQuaid made known to him the actual state of affairs and the shortcomings in the asylum, and suggested that he ask the Sisters of Charity to take charge. The request having been put to Mother Angela, Sister Philippine and her little band were assigned to the mission and took charge of the orphans, October i8th, 1853, and were thus the first religious women to inaugurate in the dioce^se of Newark the work of charity which, during the last fifty years, has so flourished and extended. Before his departure Father Senez had built St. Mary's Hall on High Street, the site of the present Women's Hospital connected with St. Michael's, for school purposes, and where Mass was offered for the children on Sundays. This was old St. Patrick's school for boys, as the girls were taught in the old asylum on Central Avenue, then Nesbitt Street. Father McQuaid built the chapel and sacristy, and purchased the present priest's home on Bleecker Street, which he enlarged for the accommodation of the bishop and the clergy. Monsignor Doane further added to it in later years. Of Father McQuaid the registrar of the clergy records " that he was born in New York City, made his preparatory studies in Chambly, Canada, his theological studies in St. Josepli's Seminary, Fordham, and was ordained, January i6th, 1848, the feast of the Holy Name of Jesus, by Bishop Hughes ; consecrated first bishop of Rochester by Archbishop McCloskey, in St. Patrick's Cathe- dral, New York, July 12th, 1868; nominated previously for Cin- cinnati, etc. Appointed pastor of Madison, Dover, Morristown, Mendham, etc., etc. His mission extended all through Morris County, and he used to make his ministrations extend also to Warren County, then in the diocese of Philadelphia. He opened 204 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH the first continuous Catholic school in New Jersey, that is, the first which has never since been closed ; taught in it himself, to start it, for six months. He built the church of the Assumption, Morristown, St. Rose's Church, Springfield, now removed to Short Hills. Pastor of the cathedral, vicar-general after Father Moran's death, and the right arm of the bishop for many years. He built and rebuilt Seton Hall College ; introduced the Sisters of Charity, and was foremost in promoting all diocesan works." WHiat he did for St. Patrick's is not yet forgotten. His Ros- ary Society was so numerous that meetings had to be held on two successive Sundays. He built the Young Men's Institute on New Street, and was the father of the Young Men's Catholic Association, which to-day numbers thousands in its ranks. In parochial work, in the confessional, in the pulpit he never spared himself. When in the seminary his fellow-seminarists — big, burly, healthy sons of Erin — would look down with contempt on his thin, emaciated frame, and say, loud enough for him to hear, " They'll never make priests of such scrawny Yanks." But, as he to-day says, bowed under the weight of years, but laboring still with the same tireless activity, " I have downed them all." It is true. Of all those who assisted at the consecration and installation of Bishop Bayley, he is the only one left — the last of the Old Guard. Zealous as a churchman, Father McQuaid was no less ardent as a patriot. Learning on a Saturday evening of the attack on Fort Sumter — the clarion which sounded the open- ing of the internecine struggle between the North and the South — on Sunday morning in eloquent and pathetic words he told his flock what was their duty, and pleaded with them to be loyal to the old flag. Of all the ministers of the Gospel, Father McQuaid was first and alone that memorable Sunday morning to rally his flock to the defence of the Union. In the following week he was the only clergyman invited to address the public meeting assembled at the Court House to voice the patriotic sentiments of the citizens of Newark — a com- plimentary recognition of his patriotic action. And to the front he went as chaplain of the New Jersey Brigade, and mingled with the wounded and dying on the battle-field, amid the storm of shot and shell, until captured by the Confederates. From the dawn of his priestly life to the golden autumn of his fruitful episcopal career Bishop McQuaid has ever been the con- sistent, unswerving champion of Christian education. With him IN NEW JERSEY 205 this has never been an academic question. To emphasize its im- portance, in addition to his other manifold and pressing duties he assumes the r61e of teacher, and for six months he performs the drudgery, but cheerfully, uncomplainingly, because he is convinced of its necessity. His motto has ever been, Upward and onward; and it is safe to say that, in the thoroughness of the training of its priests and teaching sisters, in the rounded, solid education of its children, the diocese of Rochester is peerless among all. Bishop McQuaid's monument is St. Bernard's Seminary. In mediaeval days the great churchmen were William of Wykeham, Wolsey, and Richelieu, to whom Cambridge, Oxford, and the Sorbonne look as their patrons and founders, and is it not pardon- able to link to these names that of the Bishop of Rochester.'' Without the almost boundless resources these prelates and states- men enjoyed. Bishop McQuaid, full of trust in God, secure by his devotion to the Holy Souls, has gone on with his work from the humblest beginnings, while those nearest to him in confidence and closest to him in sympathy were breathless as to the end of it all; regardless of cruel cynicism, which great souls with noble projects never fail to call forth, this venerable bishop may point to-day with pardonable pride to a work accomplished, to criti- cism silenced, to folly imitated — the safest criterion of merit and admiration. The so-called Maria Monk revelations, and the animosities ex- cited by some Italian fugitives from justice, who accused the papal nuncio, Mgr. Cajetan Bedini, of cruelties when acting as gov- ernor of one of the papal states, and the old racial hatred of the men of the north of Ireland toward those of the south, culminated in an outburst of fanatical fury, as cruel as it was unjust. Some lodges of Orangemen visited Newark September 5th, 1854, where they were joined by kindred organizations, including some German Turners. They marched through the street, with an open Bible at the head of the procession, to the picnic grounds. In the afternoon, heated by drink, which aroused all the savage instincts in their breasts, they marched to the little German church on High and William streets, and immediately began to attack it. So unsuspicious of danger was the pastor, that at the very mo- ment of the onslaught he was dining with a reverend visitor, who, hearing the tumult and rushing to the window and beholding the angry mob, jumped out of a window and escaped. Father Balleis hid himself under a bed, but his housekeeper, brave of heart and indignant at the sacrilege, seized a broomstick and, brandishing 2o6 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH it at the rioters, defied them. The}- sacked the church, broke the windows, and bent the pipes of the organ, but, fortunately, the Blessed Sacrament w^is removed by the fleeing priest on his w^)- to a safer shelter. Bishop Bajle) . together with Father McOuaid, had gone early that morning to accompany Father Harkins of Boston on a \-isit to Seton Hall, then at ^ladison. Sister Phihppine, at that time in charge of the orphan asylum, fearing that the mob would attack the orphanage, led her little ones into the church. There they remained during the rest of the day and far into the night in prayer, until, reassured by the return of their pastor, the\" retired to repose, if not to rest. Father ilcOuaid, obeying a secret in- stinct, returned to Newark earUer than he had intended, and on his arri\-al learned the news of the outrage. One of the bystanders, an iiiotfensive Catholic, had been killed and many others wounded, which wTOught the Cathohcs working in the neighborhood into a great state of excitement. Fathers Moran and McOuaid went among them and calmed their anger by counselling them to allow the authorities to pursue the mis- creants in the proper legal \\-ay. An investigation was. indeed, made, in which it was clearl)- demonstrated that there was no provocation on the part of the Catholics, and the blame was laid, where it belonged, to the Orange lodges. More than one of these misguided bigots became a parable — to use a good old Irish and significant expression — to his own and a later generation. The acrimony spread to the more pacific non-Catholics of the commu- nit}-, whose hatred, if not so active, was still as deeply rooted and bitter. The children on the way from tlie first Catholic school in Plane Street, and their elders on their v\-ay to the store or going home from work, were mocked and sneered at. The newspapers caricatured them ; thev were attacked and xilified in the pulpit. A Rev. Mr. Prince accused Father Moraii with advising the Catholics of St. Mar\ s against taking the tracts and Bibles which were offered them b\' the Bible Societv". Father !Moran replied that the Germans were unable to read EngUsh. and that the Bibles offered them differed esseutiall) from the Rheims Version. While always deprecating contro\ersy, Fatlier Moran never shrank from defending his faith and his Church. AnomTiious articles appeared in the press, to which the good priest repUed with the irresistible force of one ha\Tng truth and justice on his side ; and, eventually, one of the writers, no less a personage than Chief Justice Homblower, had the manliness pubhcly to apologize to IN NI'.W ji,i;(:s a;^';iinsl llic ( iilliolii ( 'hiirc h, and ever alter ri'iiiaiiicd tin- lirm ami ai'ilciil liicml ul the prie'st. Under all llns inuvoi al iun llie ( 'atliolii s, oljeyin;^^ fully Init r<-lii( tani ly tli(_: adviie nl tlieir jiaslors, remained (|uiet, t urbing thai hot ( ellie nature under the stiiiL; that hurt most — the insult Mosr i!r:\'. mk iiAr.i. A. (ouni(,A.\, nai. S.-. i.ihI I;isIim|) ,,I Newark. to llieir i'elif;ioii. 'i'he teni]iesl passed, and, while its liail was lonj;' visible, si ill il boic linil b)' kiul tin^" < 'alholies nioi'e I'losely tof^ether, and, blollini;" out nalional | ii'ejndiees, made lioth the Germans and the Irish reali/e (o the lull Ihat theii" eonmion j;"lory and shame was not by loyally to lalherland, but lealty to the one C'hnreh ol whose bod\'llK-y were |)rivile;;ed to be members. The 2o8 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH edelweiss blossoms and thrives in the snows of the icy summits of the Alps, and so this vine of Christian faith seems never to thrive so well as in the storm and fury of persecution. Within it is a divine germ which no human power can destroy. At times it seems to wither, it gives every sign of decay, and when men prepare to sing its death-knell, lo ! it bursts forth again in all the bounty of springtide blossoming, and ready again to bestow its benisons on humanity. One evil alone it has to fear — the evil of prosperity, when her children begin to gather into barns, to enjoy without stint and without gratitude, God's bounteous blessings. When her children have forced their way to the little band of moneyed barons, political and professional leaders, then they for- get their God and his Church, and too often take the step which leads almost inevitably to the shipwreck of that faith, which all the cruelty of persecution, poverty, and plague was powerless to wrest from their fathers — a matrimonial alliance with one of alien faith. Here is the fruitful cause of the frightful leakage of the past. The shock which had almost crushed the Catholics was to ricochet in some measure against the less hostile of their oppo- nents. One Saturday evening after confessions in St. Patrick's, Mr. Matthew O'Brien, the sexton, called on Father McQuaid to tell him that a young man had walked into the church and insisted on seeing Bishop Bayley. The sexton directed him to go to the bishop's house. While Fathers McQuaid and Venuta were dis- cussing the character of the visitor and the nature of the errand the night-bell rang. It was then after eleven. At the suggestion of Father McQuaid, Father Venuta answered it. He found a tall, handsome young man, who excitedly asked for the bishop. He was told that as it was already late it would be difficult, if not out of the question, to see him. He so persisted that finally Father Venuta went to Bishop Bayley' s room and delivered the young man's message. The bishop replied, "Tell him I can't see him. It is too late, and let him call again." But undaunted by this rebuff, the young man replied that he would not leave the house until he saw the bishop. On hearing this Bishop Bayley came out of his room and in- vited the stranger to enter. They talked far into the night, and George Hobart Doane returned to Grace Church rectory and in- formed the rector that he could take no part in the services that day. He paid a short visit to his father, who was the Episcopal Bishop of New Jersey, and promised him to wait two months — in IN NEW JERSEY 209 Newport — before taking any decisive step. In that fashionable watering-place he met Mrs. Peters of Cincinnati and other devout Catholics, who instructed and confirmed him in the doctrines of that Church of whose priesthood he has been these many decades of years its glory and its boast. But an abler pen, of one long since dead, but whose heart always throbbed with admiration and veneration for the pastor of his childhood and the guide of his riper years — the Rev. Michael J. Holland, late pastor of St. Co- lumba's, Newark — will continue this theme. Rt. Rev. Mgr. G. H. Doane, P.A. "To-day," wrote Archbishop Bayley, on September 22d, 1855, " I baptized George Hobart Doane, son of the Protestant Episco- pal Bishop of New Jersey." Educated, refined, and with every natural inducement in life beckoning him forward, this young deacon of the Episcopal Church abandoned all for Christ's follow- ing. Newark could then boast of but a few simply constructed Catholic churches, having no conveniences apart from those neces- sarily required. The Orphan Asylum and Young Men's Insti- tute excepted, it possessed no Catholic institutions, and its Cath- olic population, with but a few exceptions, were working men toiling hard for their daily bread. This would make the young man's sacrifice far more great. However, we see him later en- tering the Seminary of St. Sulpice, in Paris, and finally, after a visit to the Seven Hilled City, returning to Newark, where he was ordained priest on the 13th of September, 1857. The cer- emony was performed in the presence of a crowded congregation by Archbishop Bayley, in the Newark Cathedral. Doctor Ly- man, of Baltimore, a former convert to the faith, the Rev. Mr. Neligan, a former Episcopalian minister ; Dr. Ives, once Episco- pal Bishop of North Carolina; Father Hewitt, and others were present. Archbishop Bayley 's memoranda thus summarize the event : " A Protestant minister was to-day ordained by a bishop who was formerly a Protestant minister, assisted by several priests who were formerly Protestant ministers, in the presence of a lay- man who was fromerly an Episcopal bishop." The Re\'. gentle- man became the private secretary of Bishop Bajle}', succeeded Father McQuaid as pastor of the Cathedral, became Chancellor of the Diocese, and Vicar-General under Bishop Corrigan, and he was honored with the purple by Leo XIII., and after the departure of Archbishop Corrigan to New York, was appointed the administra- 14 2IO THE CATHOLIC CHURCH tor of the Diocese of Newark. Monsignor Doane's singularly marked career, apart from his ministerial ability, has been of vast utility to our gradual growth and development. He obtained a hearing with certain classes where others could not, and if he could not wholly convince them, he at least taught many how to respect the Church. At the very outbreak of the war he was ap- pointed chaplain to the New Jersey brigade by Governor Olden, but unable to withstand the hardships of the field, he was obliged to resign the commission. He has, perhaps, been the principal motor and the most gratified witness of the origin and progress of the majority of Newark's Catholic institutions. Churches, hospi- tals, schools, orphanages, and academies have successively sprung up under his watchful care. Apart from all else St. Michael's Hospital is a practical illustration of his activity. A singular in- cident in connection with its beginning is this remarkable fact: The first time that white and colored men paraded together the public streets of the United States was at the laying of its corner- stone. This was a most fitting prelude, since the hospital recog- nizes neither creed nor color. It lavishes its attentive care upon every unfortunate, irrespective of color, creed, or condition. Its good sisters, servants of the afflicted, are bound by vows of pov- erty and obedience to assist, wait upon, and serve even the most repulsive cases. The present capacity of the hospital is 280 beds, the average number treated during the year, 2,500, and of out-door patients, from 8,000 to 10,000. How sacred were the ties ruptured by the conversion of Mon- signor Doane, how painful the wound inflicted by the step his con- science prompted him to take, may be judged by what follows: Diocese of Newark. Sentence of Deposition from the Ministry in the Case of Rev. George Hobart Doane, M.D., Deacon. To all, everywhere, who are in communion with the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church : Be it known that George Hobart Doane, M.D., deacon of this diocese, having declared to me in handwriting his renunciation of the ministry, which he received at my hands, from the Lord Jesus Christ, and his design not to officiate in future in any of the offices thereof, intending to submit himself to the schismatical Roman intrusion, is deposed from the ministry, and I hereby pronounce and declare him to be deposed, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, Amen. IN NEW JERSEY 211 Given at Riverside, this fifteenth day of September, in the year of Our Lord 1855, and in the twenty-third )'ear of my con- secration. G. W. DoANE, D.D., LL.D., Bishop of New Jersey. In presence of Milo Mahan, D.D., Presbyter, \ Marcus F. Hyde, A.M., Presbyter. f This sentence was not executed until the provision of the canon "where the party has acted unadvisedly and hastily," which is preeminently the present case, had been offered, urged, and re- fused. It only remains for me humbly to ask the prayers of the faithful in Christ Jesus, that my erring child may be brought back to the way of truth and peace ; and for myself, that I may have grace to bear and do the holy will of God. G. W. DoANE. After some years in the priesthood Father Doane was invited by the pastor to preach in the Catholic church of Burlington, his home, and the Episcopal See of his father. Bishop Doane re- marked to his man-of-all-work, a Catholic, "Well, I see the prodigal is coming home. Then we must kill the fatted calf." He sent ornaments from his home and flowers from his garden for the adornment of the altar, and in the evening father and son were reconciled. The Metropolitan of March, 1854, announces the results of a fair held by the ladies in aid of the Orphan Asylum, which netted $2,000. The same paper has a notice of Lockwood's picture of the Last Judgment. Mr. Lockwood was a convert to the faith, and during nine years had been occupied almost exclusively upon this picture, which contained 1,500 figures. " The great blemish to it is a figure typifying Liberty, or man in a state of freedom, re- ceived by an angel, which is neither more nor less than a half -nude portrait of Washington." What has become of it } This leads up to the old school, which was located next to the cottage of the Lockwoods', in the rear of whose lot was a spacious building on Orleans Street, said to contain this wonderful painting. As one looks back to old St. Patrick's school, with its crowded rooms and heterogeneous mass of boys of every condition, from the barefooted, tow-headed urchin to the well-dressed, well- groomed son of a comfortable home, under the tutorship of the memorable and worthy Bernard Kearney, Michael R. Kenny, "Tom" McGovern, and Miss Esther O'Grady, when the fads and appliances of modern education were totally absent and unknown, 212 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH and scans the leaders in business, political, and ecclesiastical life to-day, there are few schools can compare with it in results. The old fire bell would occasionally deplete the room of the big boys, and the " Cedars " were an irresistible allurement in the balmy days of spring, and people would keep on dying, and necessitate Mr. Kearney engraving coffin-plates, for of this he held the mo- nopoly among the Catholics of the city, and Mr. Schmidt would have the boys meet in the first room of the gilds' school for rehear- sal; but, despite all these drawbacks, many of the old boys have attained success in the mercantile world, many have gone into the priesthood, and none has ever been heard to utter any unkind word or bitter protest against " Kearney's School." The old boys had the faith, and it was not a slumbering, quiescent article, but active and, at times, belligerent, as some of the old Eighth Ward boys will recall. They were loyal, too, and at the outbreak of the Civil War more eloquent, but not more patriotic addresses were made in the halls of Congress, than in front of the old school doors, and on the strip of fence between the angles, at the entrance to the school, was written in large letters, " No Compromise." It did not much matter that the boys did not understand what this meant, but the loyal newspapers bore this motto on their head- lines, and this satisfied the boys that it was the proper principle to uphold, and uphold it they did. Before the war ended, on the rolls of the patriot dead who shed their blood and offered their lives in defence of the Union, were many of Kearney's boys. What has become of the Irish schoolmaster ? He seems to be as extinct as the great auk. The Kearneys of Newark, the Cur- rans of Orange, the O'Neills of Morris County, the O'Connors and Doughertys of Paterson, strong of muscle, arithmetic, and penmanship, they did not spare the rod, and most of us are like a certain British admiral, who stated in the House of Commons that he was the better for the floggings he received at school. Peace to their ashes ! In many parishes they kept the faith alive, on a pittance of a salary, and turned out a larger percentage of chil- dren thoroughly grounded in the three R's, good spellers and good penmen, than schools do nowadays. The Christian Brothers came in September, 1 866, and are fol- lowing out the traditions of their order, and carrying on the good work inaugurated more humbly in old St. Mary's Hall. They may count their alumni among the leading business and profes- sional men, not only of the city, but of the State and among the clergy, and their loyal adherence to their Church is at once the IN NKW JERSEY 213 reward and merit of their C'liristiaii teachers. The same is hke- wise true of the girls, whose school has heen in charge of the Sis- ters of Charity from the beginning. The old building gave place to the present substantial school in 1887. The Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Morristown. It is quite certain, then, that during the winters of 1779 and 1780 the number of Catholics in and around Morristown far ex- ceeded the number of Catholics at present in our parish, made up of the Irish Catholics in the Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey regiments, and the French and Polish officers attached to the line. In the Penn.sylvania line were many Iiisli, both (officers and soldiers ; and in the Official Register of the Officers and Men of FIRST CHUKtIl IX .M( IHKISTOWX . l;llLT IX 1S47. Nciv fersey in the Revolutionarr War, comi)iled uinler the admin- istration of Governor Thendore Y . l\and()l])h b\' Adjutant-General Stryker, a cursory glance shows that man)' of the New Jersc)' regiments contained a liberal number of Irishmen, over four hun- 214 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH dred officers and soldiers with unmistakably Irish names being credited to the southern counties. Without priest or Mass, except on very rare visits from Father Farmer, they were married by the squire or magistrate ; and their children, if they themselves did not, attended the Protestant Church, for the reason that it was the only one in the neighbor- hood Their companions and associates were of an alien faith. It is not surprising, then, that the Celtic names which prevailed in Morristown in the first quarter of the pres- ent century are not found on our church records. With their faith the chil- dren lost likewise the distinc- tive character of their family names. McGee becomes in its filtered state Magee; Mc- Carthy becomes Mccarty ; Kearne)' becomes Kerny or Kearny ; Callahan becomes Callinan ; Raferty becomes Ra\'erty. All these names still prevail in our midst and are the indices of both the country and religion of their progenitors. A list of letters, uncalled for in the post-office, October 1st, 1807, contains the following names: Andrew Darsey, Michael Flaherty, John Kelly. ft is said that one O'Hara taught a classical school in Morris- town in the first decade of this century, which was the germ of the subsequent McCullogh school In 1825 Charles Berault, a Catholic and a native of San Do- mingo, lived in the Revere House on DeHart Street He married a Mile. Dcs Abbeyes, also of a wealthy San Domingo family. Another daughter was Madame Chegarray, who taught a fashion- able Young Ladies' Academy, afterward purchased by Bishop Bayley, and the cradle of Seton Hall. This is now the prop- CHURCH OF THE ASSUMPTION, MOR- RISTOWN. IN NEW JERSEY 215 erty of the Sisters of Charity on the old Convent road to Madison. A certain Benjamin Douglas kept a diary, now in the posses- sion of the Brookfield family, his descendants, which contains the following entries : "The first Roman Catholic service performed in the town- ship of Chatham was in the house of Lavaal Duberceau, at Bottle Hill, Sunday, July 30th, 1825, by Rev. O'Donahue. Text, fifth chapter of Galatians." Father O'Donahue visited Madison once a month from Pater- son and said Mass in the upper part of the academy. His Sun- day evening instructions were attended by large numbers of non- Catholics. His light-hearted gayety drew to him the hearts of all, especially the children. To the Rev. Louis Dominic Senez belongs the credit of crys- tallizing the little Catholic body in Morristown, and infusing into their hearts the courage, despite their small number and poverty, to build a sanctuary, which would hold their children and them- selves to the practice of their religion. "The first time I saw Father Senez," said old Tom Degan, "was at a vefidue near Madison." "If I am not mistaken," said the good priest smilingly, in broken English, flavored with a strong French accent, "you are an Irishman and a Catholic." "And if I am not mistaken," replied Tom, "you are a Catho- lic priest." This was their mutual introduction. There was no road throughout the three counties — Morris, Sussex, and Warren — he did not traverse. When he first visited this desolate and disheart- ening field there was but one church — at Madison ; but St. Vin- cent's has been the fruitful mother of many children. No fewer than twenty-three Catholic churches lift to heaven the cross in the three counties which were the field of Father Senez's missionary labors. In the springtime of 1844-45 good Father Howell was tempted to sample the pastures and pure air of Morris County, and, com- bining business with pleasure, he baptized quite a number of chil- dren in Morristown, Dover, and Mount Hope. A Catholic woman married to a Protestant was denied the convenience of a carriage by her husband, and walked with her child all the way to Eliza- beth to have it baptized, as it happened there was no priest then at Madison. ii6 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH There is considerable dispute relative to the house where the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass was first oiTered in Morristown. By some it is maintained that it was in a house formerly on the prop- erty of Dr. Dodge, Morris Street ; by others, in a house on Mc- Cullogh Avenue; again, by some, in the Thebaud house, which l<_)ng ago stood on Mr. John G. Foote's farm; and finall)-, b}- not a few, that it was in the Johnson house on South Street, on the way to the race-track, which was called by a subsequent Cath- olic owner Bellevue. Wher- e\'er it was, it is generally ad- mitted that the priest sought and received the hospitality of Mr. John Rogers. John Rogers was among the ear- liest settlers, and his home was looked upon as a head- qi larters for the clergy when- ever they made a visitation. In 1847, however, steps were taken to secure a lot to build the church. The site on which the new rectory now stands was bought from John Kenned)-, of Philadelphia, for ^400 At the outbreak of the French Re\olution Father Senez resigned the pastorate to return to his native land. Previous to his departure a "bee" was held to dig the foundations of the new church. P^ather Senez opposed the building of a basement, but finally yielded to the entreaty of Father McOuaid, and this feature was embodied in the plans. The honor of turning the first sod belongs to Patrick Cax'anagh. Mr. Egsall built the masonry, and Mr. Muchmore did the carpenter work. Before the walls were binlt Father Senez left, and the work devolved solel)- on P'ather McOuaid. To P'ather McOuaid alone belongs the entire credit of building the first Catholic church in Morristown ; and of paying not only for the structure itself, but for the land on which it was erected. Three different times has this hnnor been wrested from him and unjustly gi\'en to another. This may seem to some a matter of indifference; but for the Catholics here it is all-important to know to whom they are in- REV. p. M GOVERX. IN NKW JERSEY 217 debtee! for the church which cust more sacrifices, more anxiety and care from both priests and peoiile, than would, to-day, the erection of a catheth-al. heather McUuaid appointed \\'iUiam Nevins treasurer, and all the moneys jiassed thr(nigh his hands. On the 15th of Aui;ust the modest church was entirely roofed, and Father McOuaid g-ave the church the title of the Assumption in honor of the l^lesseil Mother oi God, whose great feast saw the culmmation of the hopes and desires of the little handful of Catholics. On Christmas Day, 1848, Mass was .said for the first time in the new church by Father McOuaid. Simplicity and poverty were everywhere apparent. The altar consisted of some planks laid on barrels. The little congregation of from forty to seventy ST. MARfiAKKT S CHURCH, JMl.lKlUSTi )\\X. made themselves as comfortable as possible without pews or kneel- ing benches. A fair number of Protestants was [iresent, among them Mr. Bonsall. "Now," said Father McOuaid, "we de]")entletl on the goodness of God and the intercession of the Blessed Virgm, and we are all right. Through frost and cold we ha\-e collected by fi\-e and ten 2i8 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH cent offerings the funds necessary to build and enclose the church, and now we have everything except the pews." There was little decoration and very little comfort in the new church, but there was great fervor. The poor exiles were full of gratitude to God that they had now a sanctuary in their midst where they might assist at the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, recon- cile themselves to Him in the tribunal of penance, and bring their children to be baptized and instructed in their holy faith. Father Senez had borrowed the money to pay for the lot, but the people set themselves to work and rested not until they had paid back every penny of the loan. Fortunate, indeed, it was for the Catholics of Morristown that Father McQuaid came among them. According to Father McQuaid's estimate in 1849, the Catho- lics belonging to the Morristown mission, stretching out for miles into the country in every direction except toward Madison, num- bered, including babies in arms, about one hundred and twenty souls. The first efforts of the priest were necessarily directed to the salvation of those already within the fold of the Church ; but even at this early period conversions were not unfrequent. In 1843 William Fulton was received into the Church by the Rev. Dr. Ambrose Manahan; and the first convert baptized by Father McQuaid was Mrs. Laurence Johnson. In 1850 the first festival, or tea-party, as it was called, was held by a few of the ladies of the congregation in what is now Farmer's Hotel in Market Street, then owned by Nathan B. Luse, and used by Isaac S. Runyon for a private school, another floor by the Odd Fellows and Freemasons, and the upper story as a hall. The brass band of the town furnished the music. There was no dancing. About one hundred and fifty dollars, clear of all ex- penses, was realized, and Father McQuaid was overjoyed with the result, because it er^abled him to pay each of three creditors the fifty dollars he owed. The first sexton was Mr. William O'Toole, whose weekly sal- ary was fifty cents. In September, 1850, Father McQuaid opened the first Catholic school in Morristown, with Mr. Tracey, from New York, as teacher. He was one of the old school of hard taskmasters whose theory and practice ran on the line of Solo- mon's injunction: "Spare the rod and spoil the child." One Antoine, a Frenchman, brutally murdered his master and mistress, for which he suffered the death penalty. This incident IN NEW JERSEY 219 provoked an intense hostility to all foreigners, and, as a matter of course, the Irish were the first victims. Two poor laborers were driven by threats from their homes and compelled to seek refuge in Mr. Ford's woods, there to hide until the passion of the rowdy element had cooled down. The Irishmen who worked in Mr. Vail's Speedwell works were attacked, and more than one scrimmage took place ; but the Irish succeeded in defending themselves. This condition of things con- tinued until Mr. Vail took sides with his Irish employees, and gave their shopmates to understand that he would tolerate the question of nationality no longer, and that the persecution must be stopped. Father McQuaid was succeeded by Father Madden, and al- though the wide field of his mission tested to the utmost the physical endurance and zeal of the new pastor, during the three years of his administration the spiritual side of the ilock was well attended and the temporal welfare promoted. From the baptismal record it appears the care of the parish was entrusted at times to the Rev. L. Hoey ; and occasional en- tries indicate that the Rev. Alfred Young, later of the Paulist community, together with the Very Rev. Dean McNulty, and, now and then, the Rev. D. J. P""isher came from Seton Hall Col- lege — now the old St. Elizabeth's Convent — to say Mass, catechize the children, and administer to the wants of the congregation. The Morristown Catholics held Father Young in high esteem. His genial manners made him friends everywhere. The young flocked around him. At the sick-bed his charm of manner never failed to cheer, and his tender message of patience plucked out the thorn of suffering and substituted the holy calm of Christian resignation. The Rev. L. Hoey, who was appointed to the new mission of Morristown, cut off from Madison in i860, was the first priest to reside permanently here. He stopped at Mrs. Rogers's eleven months, during which time he labored hard and zealously for the erection of the priest's house. His ability as a mathematician at- tracted the attention of his superiors, and secured for him a pro- fessorship in the new college. His efforts were successful, and in 1861 the priest's home was built. About this time the old graveyard was bought for ;^Soo. The parish school started by Father McQuaid, although it had not all the appointments and conveniences of a modern school, continued its work. The rooms were dark, very warm in summer, 220 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH and correspondingly cold in winter. A great stove stood in the middle of the room, and a pipe was placed through one of the windows, but not too far out of the reach of the tricky boys. When the task became irksome, or the tempting chestnuts strewed the ground, or the ice was in prime condition for skating, a sod conveniently thrust down the stovepipe checked the draught, filled the room with smoke and gas, and necessitated the dismissal of the school. When Mr. Tracey severed his connection with the school he was succeeded by Mr. Donlin. Miss Slater, of Massachusetts, and a Mr. Faulkner, whose knowledge of the English language was too limited to make him a successful teacher, were engaged and taught for a short time. These teachers taught previous to i860. That the school might be kept together until a competent per- son was found to take charge of it. Father Hoey himself taught during the vacancy which occurred about the time of his appoint- ment. A Miss McDonald, with sufficient confidence in her ability to teach and rule the masons, painters, plumbers, and carpenters of the present day, presented herself for the arduous position ; but a short experience convinced her of the serious mistake she had made. Mr. O'Neil was then secured; and, although gifted with con- siderable talent, was forced to resign on account of ill health. To him succeeded Mr. Meehan, who is remembered as " teaching the A B C's with the children on his knee, and both teacher and pupil enveloped in the smoke of his pipe." Then appears Mr. Fennessy " in a white shirt, ruffled upon either side of the bosom ; this, together with his personal appearance, evoked such a volley of cheers from the scholars that he was mortally offended, and decided to punish se\'erely the unruly children by teaching them only for the short space of half a day." The absurd anti-Catholic and anti-Irish spirit, fed by the igno- rance and scheming of preachers and newspaper editors, made its sting felt in Morristown, as in almost every village, hamlet, and city of our country. There is a vague tradition of an attempt to destroy the little church first erected here by the lusty young bigots of that day, possessed of more brawn than brain. But a fanatic is usually a braggart ; and the tidings that the miners from Dover were ready to march down to protect the Catholics and avenge any insult offered to them, cooled the courage of the bul- lies and dissipated their plans. But, from time to time, the old hatred cropped out, especially on St. Patrick's day. IN NEW JERSEY aai It was not unusual to see strung up on a flag-pole or suspended from a tree a stuffed figure to represent St. Patrick, with a string of potatoes about his neck, a whiskey bottle in one pocket, and a codfish in the other. It was such a sight that aroused the lion in Patrick Smith as he saw the effigy of his patron swaying in the wind from the flag-staff in the Park. The assuring words and wise counsel alone of Colonel Vail prevented him from cutting down the flag-pole. On a like occasion another Smith, a name- sake of Patrick but no relative, saw a similar figure pendent from a tree. His good wife brought him an axe, and down came both tree and effigy. The last appearance of this vulgar exhibition was in Market Street, a few doors down from South Street. In 1864 the church was incorporated, the board consisting of Rt. Rev. James Roosevelt Bayley, the Very Rev. Patrick Moran, the Rev. Lawrence Hoey, Messrs. Henry James and Patrick Rowe. In 1865 the school was found inadequate for the accommoda- tion of the children, and was enlarged at an expense of eight hun- dred dollars. The Rev. James D' Arcy was appointed pastor July, 1 867. Father D'Arcy's magnetism and winsomeness were irresisti- ble. Gifted with more than ordinary ability, by careful study he enriched his mind. On the 2d of June, 1868, in obedience to his bishop, he left this parish to assume the pastoral charge of Madison, made vacant by the death of Father Madden. The sorrow and regrets were mutual on the part of priest and people. The Rev. P. McGovern took charge of the parish on the de- parture of the Rev. James A. D'Arcy, about October, 1865. Father McGovern busied himself with the spiritual interests of the flock entrusted to him. His gentle nature, when aroused by the misdoings of his children, plainly evidenced that he knew how to be severe where leniency failed. A new church, owing to the increased number of Catholics, was a pressing necessity ; but the very thought of building one, and of incurring a debt, appalled the pastor and flock. In the fall of 1871 Father McGovern resigned and withdrew from a charge never entirely congenial. The most perfect har- mony, however, existed between him and his people, and when he left he was sincerely and deeply regretted. Father McGovern was ordained by Bishop Hughes,. January 29th, 1853. He was a subject of the Archdiocese of New York, 222 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH but was received by Bishop Bayley temporarily, December 25th, 1853, and was assistant in Madison until 1855, when he returned to New York by reason of ill health. He again came back to Newark, and after his resignation of the Morristown parish went to Bergen Point, where he paid off all the indebtedness of the church; thence to Keyport, as first resident pastor, July ist, 1876. Once more he retraced his steps to New York, and became pastor of Croton. After many years of service he retired, and died some two years ago. The Rev. James Sheeran succeeded to the pastorate October, 1 87 1. Father Sheeran was a born leader of men, an ideal nine- teenth-century priest. His life was varied by almost every inci- dent that may happen to layman or priest. Father Sheeran was born in Temple Mehill, Longford, in 1814. He chose the profession of teacher, and taught school in Monroe, Mich., and for the Redemptorists. After the death of his wife he entered the congregation of the Most Holy Re- deemer, October iSth, 1856, of which he was a most efficient missionary. When the yellow fever broke out in New Orleans and all the Fathers in the house were prostrated, he alone remained to attend the sick calls, and for weeks never slept in his bed. When the war broke out he was South, and, together with Father Smulders of the same congregation, was assigned by his superior to attend to the spiritual wants of the Confederates. There was nothing of the gold lace or gilt edge connected with his position. The soldiers' meagre fare was his ; their hardships in camp and bivouac he shared. Realizing the importance of the events which were daily happening he kept an accurate diary, for which at the close of the conflict he was offered a large sum of money by a Southern firm of publishers ; this he refused. Owing to a disagreement with his rector, he asked to be allowed to withdraw from the congregation. His petition was granted, and he was adopted for the Diocese of Newark by Bishop Bayley. Pending a permanent appointment, he assisted in the parish of Hackensack. Such, in brief, is the history of him to whom the Catholics in Morristown are so much indebted. In October, 1871, Bishop Bayley made him rector of that parish. Already far advanced beyond the meridian of life, his naturally strong constitution was weakened by hardships in the field and on the mission. Although providentially preserved from contagion in the yellow-fever epidemic through which he had IN NKW JKRSKY 223 passed, the awful strain dealt a lil(j\v to his liealth imm which he never recovered. The economy and jirudent administration (if hather McGovern had freed the parish entirel)' of debt, so that the way was clear to proceed with the construction of the new church. Fortunate!)' a suitable site, secured by the wisdom and fore- thought of Bishop McOuaid, remained on which to erect the house of Ciod, which was to excel all other church buildings in Morristown. On Sunda\-, June 30th, 1872, the corner-stone was laid by Bishop lxa\le)-, who also preached the sermon on the occasion. ALL SOCLS llOSPnWL, MOKRLSTOWN, The L>M .Arnold 'ra\'ern, 17S0. On Ascension Thursday, May 22d, 1873, a leaden dulness overspread the sk)'. The rain fell in torrents. \\'ithout ever)-- thing was dismal and sombre, but withm the walls of the church what jo)' filled the hearts of pastor and flock ! Bishop Corrigan solemnly blessed the new church, and the ceremon\- was followed by solemn pontifical Mass. After the Gospel the Rew Dr. Ed- ward McGl)nn preached from the text, "Thou art a priest forever according to the order of Melchisedech " (Psalm cix.). There was a large attendance of [niests and people. The music rendered during the Mass was by a choir selected from the different churches in Newark. Thus, twenty-five years from the erection 224 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH of the first humble sanctuary, the pioneers who survived saw their first efforts ecUpsed, the tender shoot developed into a mighty tree, and a dwelling-place enshrining the Holy of Holies which far ex- ceeded their hopes and expectations. The Lord had, indeed, builded the house, and their labors had not been in vain. An important step for the welfare of the children was now made. From every side came petitions to Mother Xavierfor teachers. The influence of the children of St. Vincent had already made itself felt in the parish schools and orphanages of the Newark diocese. ■ Father Sheeran's plea was recognized, and arrangements were made in September, 1875, to send two of the Sisters from the mother-house every day. A little room was added to the school, and fitted up with a stove and cupboard. Here, after the noon dismissal, the Sisters prepared their lunch in light-hearted gayety and contentment. Their hallowing influence over both boys and girls was at once apparent. The success of the school was assured. On Sunday, April 3d, 1881, the trials of Father Sheeran ter- minated, and the good priest, full of merit, comforted by the holy sacraments, went to his reward. Mr. McMaster, an old friend, in the editorial column of The Freeman s Journal noticed his death, and among other things said of him : " At an early age he came to New York. He was engaged here, for many years, in business. Out of a desire to do good he went to Monroe, Mich., to teach a parochial school, under the pas- toral care of Father Smulders, of the Redemptorists. Mr. Shee- ran married and had two children — a daughter who died in the Benedictine Convent, in Westmoreland County, Pa., and a son who died in the novitiate of the Redemptorists. The death of the latter inspired Mr. Sheeran with a desire, gallant and noble in its sentiments, to take the place of his deceased boy in the Redemp- torist novitiate. He entered, and, notwithstanding the difficulties of age somewhat too much advanced and habits of personal inde- pendence settled, finished his novitiate and his scholastic course and was ordained. His disregard of danger in face of the yellow fever has been spoken of in some of the daily papers. That is the rule for Catholic priests as soldiers of the Cross." As the diocese was then without a bishop, the administrator, the Rt. Rev. George H. Doane, assigned the senior assistant of IN NEW JERSEY 225 the cathedral, the Rev. Joseph M. Flynn, to the pastoral care of Morristown, and Father Flynn took possession of his new charge June 1 8th, 1881. Father Flynn was born January 7th, 1848, in Springfield, Mass. The early years of his life were spent chiefly in New York. He attended school, taught by the Christian Brothers, in St. Vincent's Academy until 1859, when, on the re- moval of his family to Newark, N. J., he was sent to the parochial school attached to St. Patrick's Cathedral, then located on High Street, now occupied by the Women's Hospital connected with St. Michael's. In September, 1865, he entered St. Charles's College, Ellicott City, Md., and in March, 1869, Seton Hall. His assignments as curate were St. Bridget's, Jersey City; Assumption, Morristown; St. Peter's, New Brunswick; thence to the cathedral, Newark, May 7th, 1876, where he successively filled the offices of bishop's secretary, diocesan chancellor, master of ceremonies, secretary of the Commission of Investigation, and for over a year, while Vicar- General Doane was abroad in search of health, administered the parish until his return in 1 879. A site for a church in Morris Plains was secured, and, until its erection, an effort was made to have Mass in one of the houses conveniently located and sufficiently roomy for the accommodation of those who might desire to attend. This, and the increasing ministerial work in Morristown and the important supervision of the school, made the services of an assistant priest a necessity. December 3d the bishop wrote, " Father Whelan may be relieved at any time, and, if so, will be sent to you, as you desired." The Rev. Isaac P. Whelan reported some time in the month of December, and the Right Rev. Bishop added to the other duties of the Morristown priests the care of the Whippany mission. On Christmas Day Holy Mass was said for the first time in Morris Plains in the house of Andrew Murphy. The room was crowded, and the scene recalled to many the stories told them by their fathers of Catholicit)' forty years ago. Thereafter Mass was regularly celebrated every Sunday. Be- tween attending to the two Masses in Morristown, one in Whip- pany, and another at Morris Plains, Sunday was a busy day for the priests, who, from early morn to high noon, knew not a mo- ment's rest. The house deeded by old Thomas Burns, a confessor of the faith in this locality from the early twenties, to Father Flynn per- 15 226 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH sonally, was converted into a home for the Sisters of Charity, who came to reside here permanently January, 1882. In March, 1885, Father Flynn purchased the Condit property at the junction of Speedwell and Sussex avenues, embracing ten acres, for the sum of ^25,000. The land was surveyed, laid off in lots, and a number of maps were printed for those who contem- plated purchasing. A meeting of the congregation was called to order in the pavilion. The object, it was stated, was to dis- pose of the lots to Catholics, if possible, and, after a reasonable time, to all comers. Father Flynn acted as auctioneer, and most of the best lots were quickly disposed of at good prices. The Water Company laid their pipes through the streets, and thus the location became more desirable for residences. The streets were named Columba, in honor of the great saint of lona ; Grant, in honor of the great general of the Civil War, who was then in his death agony ; and Bellevue Terrace, from the charming prospect visible from the elevation. The lot looking north, directly in front of Columba Street, was reserved for the erection of a chapel. In the beginning of April the requisite permission was obtained from Bishop Wigger. No delay was made in the construction of the modest building which was to rear aloft the cross and be a new sanctuary of the Most High. The great devotion of the Celtic race to St. Marga- ret, Queen of Scotland, as witnessed by their family names — for after Mary there is scarcely another more frequently bestowed upon their daughters than Margaret — her sweet and beautiful life, so much in its details like that of St. Elizabeth of Hungary and in some respects more attractive, prompted the pastor to honor, even in a humble way, this great saint, recognized thus for the first time in the United States. At the close of the month of May every- thing was in readiness for the laying of the corner-stone. It was determined to invest it with all the pomp and ceremony possible. The members of the parish entered heartily into the pastor's plan, and the ceremony was so grand and impressive that few who wit- nessed it will ever forget it. The following accurate report was written by an eye-witness : Sunday, May 31st, 1885, was a memorable day for the Catho- lics of Morristown. Surrounded by members of the local and visiting clergy, in the presence of a large number of the laity, the Rt. Rev. Winand M. Wigger, Bishop of the Diocese of Newark, laid the corner-stone of the chapel to be erected to the honor of God and St. Margaret, with all the pomp and splendor of ritual IN NEW JERSEY 227 with which the Roman CathoUc Church invests such an important ceremony. But, apart from the interest that such an event natu- rally arouses, the occasion was one of deep significance. It illus- trated and emphasized not only the growth of our city, but it was likewise indicative of the rapidly increasing strength of the Catho- lic Church in our midst. There are some of the members of the Church of the Assumption who can recall the time, not so very long ago, when the nearest Catholic church was at Madison, then known as Bottle Hill. Hence it was determined to give the cere- mony an expression of the significance it justly claimed, to mark it as an era in the history of the Catholic Church in Morristown. And so, despite the threatening weather, the mother Church gathered together her numerous societies, and, preceded by the cross-bearer and the acolytes with waving banners, followed by the clergy in their sanctuary dress and the bishop in his purple vesture, they marched, over a thousand in number, through the town to Sussex Avenue, where the new chapel is to be erected. A peculiar feature of this procession was the corner-stone, adorned with flowers and carried by four of the oldest members of the congregation, preceded by six little girls in white, all representing the tribute of three generations to this happy event. Arrived at the grounds, the bishop, vested in cope and mitre, and bearing his crosier, solemnly blessed and laid the corner-stone, in which was placed an iron box containing, besides various coins and copies of The Jerseyman, The Banner, and The Chronicle, sl parchment de- scribing the event in Latin, and of which the following is a trans- lation : "D. O. M. "On the 31st day of May, in the year of our Redemption 1885 — Pope Leo XHL happily reigning, Rt. Rev. Winand M. Wigger being the Bishop of Newark, and Rev. Joseph M. Flynn, rector, with Rev. Eugene A. Farrell, his assistant, of the Church of the Assumption ; Grover Cleveland being President of these United States ; Leon Abbett Governor of the State of New Jersey ; and John Taylor Mayor of Morristown — Rt. Rev. Winand M. Wigger, D.D., in the presence of the clergy and before a large concourse of people, laid the corner-stone of this chapel to be erected to the honor of God under the invocation of St. Margaret." After the ceremony the Rt. Rev. Bishop made a short ad- dress to the people, congratulating them on the progress of the Church in Morristown, and in particular commending the zeal they uniformly manifest in the furtherance of every good and praiseworthy work in the interests of morality and religion. He concluded with the hope that the day would not be distant when they and their labors would be so blessed that the humble begin- ning of to-day would ripen into a new, a large, and a flourishing parish. Huge masses of black clouds rolled up from the southwest ; 228 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH the wind was momentarily increasing in \iolence, and groat drops of rain admonished all to seek shelter from the impending storm. Banners were taken from their poles and put away ; white \cils were hurriedly removed, and soon all were in shelter from the tempest, which disappeared almost as quickly as it sprang up. The patriarchs who carried the corner-stone from the mother church were Thomas F. Burke, Thomas Degan, Martin Murphy, and John McGuire, and they were accompanied as a guard of honor by the little Misses Genevieve Welsh, Lulu Clifford, Rose Corcoran, Agnes Lucas, Marguerite Kenny, antl Marguerite Mar- tin. The Rev. William D. Hughes, Paulist, a guest at the rec- tory, took part in the ceremony. The corner-stone laid, an effort was made to raise the money to pay for the chapel as the work went on, so that, if possible, by the time of dedication it should be absolutely free from debt. To this end a bazaar was held, and in three days ^1,089.05 were realized. All worked with a will, and the parishioners showed their enthusi- asm by their attendance in large numbers and generous liberality. The old church, converted into a school, was no longer in a condition to accommodate the children. Hence it was determined early in 1886 reverently to remove the dead from the old cemetery, and erect on the land the new school. Ground was broken in the spring, and on Thanksgiving Day the corner-stone of the Bayley Grammar School was laid by Bish- op Wigger, and after the ceremony the old pastor, now Bishop McQuaid, preached a sermon of rare historical interest to the crowded congregation in the churcli. In closing he said: " When the providence of God removed me to New Jersey my first thought was to get these sisters ; so I went to Mount St. Vincent on October i8th, 1853, and asked for two sisters, the first to come to New Jersey. And what a blessing the)' are ! It is those women who are creating a Catholic atmosphere; the prayers of the mother at home are continued in the schoolroom. Who can take their place ? You have this blessing in Morris- town. " May God bless all those here and never forsake them ! Bless this congregation with added prosperity year after year, and all those who have gone before us, who are now looking down from heaven upon the good work we are doing ! And when to- day I looked down upon the old graveyard on the bodies I placed there, when I looked upon that place where those remains are gathered up and removed to a more beautiful cemetery, the IX NEW JERSEY 229 thought came to my mind : Those souls, now in heaven, gladly make way for the Christian scho'l that is to stand there ; gladly resign their resting-place for the foundations of the large, beauti- ful schoolhouse : the saints in heaven — ^for manv holy ones I placed there — are now looking down upon us." The new school was blessed by Bishop Wigger and opened October gth, 1887. A desirable projjert)", in the ver\" centre of the cit\-, in the heart of its business, was put on the market. Dean Fl\-nn in\ited the original members of the Young Men's Catholic Ass'Xiation to meet him in the rector\" January 17th, 1887, and there prop>osed to secure a lot and erect a jjermanent home. It was thoui:ht that $25,000 would be the limit of the out- lay for site and building. On Tuesday, May ist, 1888, took place the formal dedication of the Young Men's CathoUc Association building. A large flag doated from the front of the attractive building, while the interior decorations were superb, a wealth of pictures ever}'where gracing the walls, supplemented by banks of palms and flowering plants, spra\ s of cut flowers and smUax, festoons of bunting, and other decorations pleasmg to the eve. The commit- tee on decorations were Messrs. \V. \'. Dunn, M. F. Lowe, J. T. Murphy, and Thomas Holtii'n. the latter furnishing the floral dis- play that on ever\' floor delighted the beholder. There were two receptions — one in the morning to the ladies, and one in the afternoon and evening t > the gentlemen. The re- ception c:™~ittce v\^i Yer\- Rev. Dean Fl\-nn. pastor of the Church of the Assumption; President C. H. Knight, and Messrs. P. FarreUy, T. Chfford, M. E. Condon, M. F. Lowe, John Mur- ph)-, Thomas Malley. T. J. O'Brien, D. L. Fox, and P. Welsh. In the morning the committee was assisted bj- a number of ladies, friends and relatives of the members, and the sC'jres of \'is- itors were la\ish in their admiration of the arrangement, r.nish, and equipment <:i the building. \'oss's orchestra \\-as placed in an alcove of the Ljhbv outside of the parlor, and sweet strains of classic music added to the deUght which the inspection of the building gave. In September, 1888, it was determined to open a school for the children of St. Margaret's. Some five and twent)- httie ones at- tended the Mass of the Holy Ghost celebrated by the pastor, and the chapel, as a matter li nece>sit\". had to be used for a school- room: but what more fitting place than His sanctuar\- who said " Suffer the little ones to come \inzo me ' ? 230 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH October 24th, 1888, brought the tidings that Bishop Wigger had honored the parish b)- making it one of the seven in the Dio- cese of Newark which fulfilled all the conditions for a permanent rectorship, and the pastor, by appointing him the first irremovable rector. The }'ear 1890 was to bring additional improvements. On Sunday, March 2d, Dean Fl3nn announced at all the Masses that, with the bishop's permission, he had sold the sisters' house for ;^4,000, and that this was virtually a donation of that sum to the parish, since it came to them from him as a gift. He furthermore stated that a rectory would be built on the site of the old church, and when completed the priests would take possession of it, and the sisters of the old rectory. Satisfactory progress had been made with the new rectory, and to such an extent that on St. Catherine's da}', November 25th, the furniture was put in place, and the priests took posses- sion cf their new home. The same day the busy hands of the sisters and scholars enabled the former to be transferred from their temporary house to the more comfortable and commodious quarters of the old rectory. Early in December the congregation was invited to inspect the new building. All day long throngs of ladies passed in and out. In the evening the men imitated their example. Lunch was prepared for all, and served by the willing hands of the Young Ladies' Sodalit)-. It had long been apparent that the growth of this section called for some provision for the sick, injured, and infirm. For a long time the matter occupied the attention of bishop and pastor. The distance to the city hospitals was considerable; the demands made upon them by the exigencies of their surroundings some- times rendered it difficult to accommodate patients from afar. In the month of November, within the octave of All Souls, the ever- recurring thought returned ; but, while the building was attaina- ble, it was a rather more difficult task to obtain sisters trained and devoted to this kind of work. On Sunday, November 22d, 1 891, the announcement was made to the congregation that the old Arnold Tavern, venerated for its Revolutionary memories, on Mt. Kemble Avenue, had been pur- chased for a hospital, and that the Grey Nuns of Montreal, Can- ada, had consented to assume the charge of it. Unbounded en- thusiasm was manifest on every side. The old Arnold Tavern, removed some years ago from the square in Morristown, had long awaited a purchaser. This building sheltered General Washing- IN NEW JERSEY 231 ton in 1777. It was his first headquarters. There he spent several months with his chiefs of staff. This became the Morris- town home of the Grey Nuns. The ballroom of General Wash- ington was turned into a chapel. The dining-room became a hos- pital ward. The broad corridors that a century ago resounded with noise of spur and clank of sabre took on new life, and were filled with the soft -falling footsteps and rustling garments of the gentle sisters, there to nurse the sick and afflicted of all races, colors, and creeds. In the building at the rear of the main struc- ture a home was provided for the aged and the orphans. On a single Sunday afternoon and evening $6, 500 in cash was given by the men and women of the congregation for the further- ance of this work. Men were seen hurrying off to borrow money in order to share in the joy each one seemed to take in helping this great work of charity. On Labor Day, September 5th, 1892, the hospital was blessed by Bishop Wigger, assisted by the rev. clergy of Sussex and Mor- ris counties. It was a beautiful autumn morning, and early in the forenoon carriages and pedestrians were seen wending their way out to Mt. Kemble Avenue by the hundreds. It is estimated that 2,500 people visited and inspected the institution. The women of the parish provided a bountiful luncheon for all, and the visitors were waited on by the Young Ladies' Sodality and the Young Men's Catholic Association. In the great national conflict which divided the North and South, in 1 86 1, members of our parish were found under both flags. The roll is an illustrious one. On the battle-field, in the prison, in rank and file, the children of St. Mary's gave ample proof of courage and patriotism. Among all names there is one conspicuous above the rest — Gen. Joseph Warren Revere. Descended from a French Hugue- not family, his grandfather was Col. Paul Revere, of Revolutionary fame. At the age of fourteen young Revere entered the United States Naval School, and began a long career of service on sea and land in almost every portion of the globe. In his sixteenth year he sailed for the Pacific, and was attached to the squadron employed in suppressing the African slave-trade. After narrow escapes from disease, wreck, and mutiny, he was detailed to the European squadron, and visited every country of Europe, and the Mediterranean shores of Asia and Africa. His knowledge of many languages secured him a favorable position, through which 232 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH he met the most distinguished personages of the day. He was an eye-witness of the Carlist War, and served with the Mosquito fleet on the coast of Florida during the Seminole War. fn 1838 he sailed in the first American squadron which circumnavigated the globe. When in India he saved the British man-of-war Gauges from shipwreck, and was presented for his service with a sw(jrd of honor by the governor-gen- eral. Throughout the Mexican War he was on the coast of California. At Sonoma he raised the first American flag north of San Francisco. Soon after this he resigned, and was employed by the Mexi- can Government in reorgan- izing the artillery service. At the outbreak of the Civil War he offered his services to the general government and re- ceived a commission as col- onel of the Seventh New Jersey Volunteers. The bril- liant record (.)f this gallant regiment, second to none in the service, has been largely attributed to the severe dis- cipline it received under Gen- eral Revere, whom General Hooker jn'onounced the best disciplinarian in the army. He was in all -the battles of the Peninsular campaign; was pro- moted to tlie rank of brigadier-general, and commanded the Second New Jersey Brigade until after Fredericksburg. He was assigned to the command of the New York Excelsior Brigade, and at Chancellorsvillc Revere's brigade led the van in the desper- ate struggle after the rout of the lileventh Corps, when Howard's men retreated before the impetuous onslaught of Stonewall Jack- son. Censured by Genei"al Sickles for his conduct in this battle, Revere was foi- a time deprived of his rank; the opinion of his troops, and of Generals Meade, Sedgwick, and other high officers, held him innocent of any offence. President Lincoln declared GEN. JOSEPH WARREN REVERE. IN NEW JERSEY 233 that he had been unjustly treated and restored to him his rank, and he was subsequently named brevet major-general. It was after the Peninsular Campaign that one day, in Washington, brooding over the severe losses his regiment suffered from the terrific struggle, he was led almost unconsciously to a Catholic church. On the moment he felt the impulse, or rather inspira- tion, to become a Catholic. For years he had carefully studied religious matters, and consequently, when he presented himself to the priest and asked to be baptized, he was found thoroughly in- structed in the principles of the Catholic Church. He received holy baptism October 19th and his first holy communion October 26th, 1862. Some years later he was confirmed by Archbishop Bayley in our own church. During the period of well-merited re- pose in his delightful home he published in 1873 Keel and Saddle, a retrospect of his stirring life, and various magazine articles. The picture of the " Espou.sals of the Blessed Virgin and St. Joseph," which hangs in the church in Our Lady's aisle, attests his artistic ability. He died April 20th, 1880. One of his sons, Mr. Paul Revere, was received into the Church some years after his father, and cooperated with every good work in the parish until his untimely death November loth, 1901. Many of the daughters of the parish have entered different religious communities, and in the priesthood are the Rev. Eugene P. Carroll, Newark; the Rev. James J. Mulhall, Newton; and the Rev. William P. Dunn, Passaic. St. Mary's Star of the Sea Church, Cape May. The church records of St. Augustine's, Philadelphia, show that the Very Rev. Michael Hurley, D.D., officiated frequently at Cape May i.sland, and that he made his first visit about 1803. The Augustinian Fathers seem to have given this mission what- ever attention it demanded, which, no doubt, was little except in the summer months ; and no notice of it appears in the Catholic Directory until 1848, when the name of the church appears — St. Mary's — and the attendant priest, the Rev. E. Q. S. Waldron, with the admonition, " During bathing season divine service every Sunday. Once a month the rest of the year." The names of those who ministered to the spiritual needs of the Catholics until the formation of the new diocese are the Revs. Hugh Kenny, E. J. Sourin, and J. McDermott, Salem. From 1854-56 the Rev. John Ford was the pastor; and from 1857-64 it was attached to 234 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH the pastoral charge of Salem, and from 1864 until 1869 to Mill- ville. The Rev. Martin Gessner was jiastor of Millville during this latter period, and under his administration the churches of Bridgeton and MilUille were built. Father Gessner, born at Sonderhoff, Bavaria, Nox'cmber loth, 1837, studied at Mount St. Mar)''s, and after in Munich. He was ordained i^riest July 26th, 1863, and after laboring nine years in South Jersey was appointed pastor of St. Patrick's, Elizabethport. He was succeeded by the Re\'. Theophilus Degen, a secularized Capuchin (d. October 31st, 1900), who, l)y purchase of the cottage adjoining the church, established in it a convent and school, taught by the Sisters of Mercy. Father Degen also built St. Agnes's Church at Cape May Point, added a chapel to the Cape May church, and built an addition to the rector)-. He x\as succeeded by the present in- cumbent, the Re\'. 1). S. Kell)-. St. Francis's German Church, Trenton. Before the }-ear 1844 all the Catholics of Trenton worshipped together in the old St. P'rancis's Church on Market and Lamber- ton streets. In that year Father Mackin gave up this church for the new one which he had erected on Broad Street and called St. John's. The Ger- man Catholics thought this a favorable time to secure a church of their own where the German language would be spoken, but they were too few to pay for the church and support a pastor. The church was, in consecjuence, sold in 1851, and bought by Mr. Peter Hargous, a prominent Catholic, who presented it to Bishop Neumann for the use of the Germans. The first pastor, P'ather Gmeiner, was ajipointed June 21st, 1853. Three years later he pui'chased two lots <.)n Market Street, in the rear ..-;. .,^.y:..y.-:/j.-:.;y£Miii^.:-.jMa ST. ,M-\H.V S CliL'Krll, FL.AINFIIiLD. months eacli until, January, 1883, the Ivev. I'. E. Smythe was sent to Plainfield from Jersey City. In 1888 the fine brick building, St. Mary's School, was built on the corner of Si.xth and Idberty streets. The solemn consecration of St. Mar)''s Churcli took place with all due observance on the last Sunday in September, the 30th day of the nKjnth, 1900, by the J^iishop of Newark, Rt. Rev. W. M. Wigger. The sermon was preached by Rt. Rev. Mgr. Moone\'. The Most Rev. M. A. Corrigan, Archbishop of New York, who, when liishop of Newark, dedicated the church, was present in the sanctuary. The Rev. P. E. Sm)'the was appointed permanent rector of St. Joseph's (.'hurcli, Jersey City, in succession to the Most Re\-. Archbisho|i Seton, and the Re\'. Andrew M. ligan was appomted pastor of St. Mary's January 6th, 1902, IN NEW JERSEY 251 Father Egan, born in Newark, August 21st, 1855, made his preparatory studies partly in St. Charles's and in St. Hyacinth's College, Canada, was graduated from Seton Hall in the class of '76, and ordained in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Newark, May 22d, 1880. His missionary career began in St. Mary's, Bergen Point, then to St. Michael's, Jersey City, again to Bergen Point from February, 1883, to 1892, when he was appointed rector of St. Virgilius's, Morris Plains. Here his ministry was characterized by energy, zeal, and tact. Among his other duties was the care of the insane in the State asylum, and never at any time was there friction between the pastor and the staff, by whom and by the directors he was held in the highest esteem. He built the rec- tory, tastefully laid out the grounds, so that the place became one of the many attractive spots in that locality, and erected a parish hall. His departure was universally regretted. St. Rose's Church, Short Hills. The story of this parish is best told by its founder. Bishop McQuaid. R0CHE.STER, N. Y., March 28th, 1882. Dear Father Corrigan: Your favor of the 26th is at hand. Some of the facts relating to the beginning of the mission of Springfield I can furnish. When I took charge of Springfield as an outlying mission of Madison in April, 1848, Mass had been said only on week days. Daniel Coghlan then lived in Springfield, and it was in his house that all religious services took place and that the priest found good care and generous hospitality. After the opening of the Morristown church in 1 849, which was subsequent to the formation of the Dover mission in November of 1848, Mass was said in Springfield once a month on Sunday. That Sunday Morristown was left without Mass. The first Mass was in Madison and the second in Springfield. Before the build- ing of the church the Catholics of Springfield and neighborhood met in Mr. Coghlan's house for Mass, for I^enten devotions one evening in the week, and the children every Sunday for catechism. After Daniel Coghlan's removal to Whippany the same facilities were kindly granted by his brother, Thomas Coghlan. In 1852, owing to increasing numbers, it was judged advisable to build a church. As the non-Catholics of Springfield and Mil- 252 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH burn were grossly and stupidly bigoted, it was necessary to pro- ceed warily in buying a lot for the new church. Fortunately a suitable site was found on the main road leading to Elizabeth, just where the road from Newark strikes it. The property be- longed to one * * * *. He agreed to sell one acre for 1^250, having paid $750 for three and a half acres, with house and barn, a short time before. Then, after the story got out that the Catholics were about to build a church, this man refused to complete the bargain, on the plea that his wife refused to sign the deed — a com- mon dodge among people who do not wish to keep their agree- ments. When it became known that he had backed out, no one in the neighborhood would sell at any price. An offer was then made to the man's wife of ^300, and then of $400, for the same bit of ground for a church, seeing that the enemies of the Church were combined against us. She refused, no doubt in the hope of extracting more money, for when she found that the church was to be built elsewhere, she offered the ground at the last-named price. Her offer was indignantly refused. The site on which the church was built was a free gift from Daniel Coghlan, and was always at our disposal, but as the ground was wet and the location not as desirable as other sites, it was judged better to pay for a choice site rather than accept this as a gift. The disappointment occasioned by the afore-mentioned gentle- man's want of honesty in keeping to his bargain delayed the com- mencement of the church until the autumn. Promise had been made to the people that they should have a church before the expiration of the year. Ground was broken for the foundations of the church on St. Theresa's Day, October iSth, and the church was blessed on the Sunday after Christmas, I think it was Decem- ber 26th, by the Very Rev. John Loughlin, V.G., deputed by Bishop Hughes. The day of the dedication all indebtedness was liquidated except two notes of ^100, each payable to Houston of Chatham, one in six months and another in twelve months. The first was paid at maturity ; the second was met by my successor. Rev. M. A. Madden. The money for building this church was collected in small sums all over the extensive but not populous mission of Madison. An old collection book shows contributions from Madison, Morristown, Mendham, Baskingridge, Providence, Chatham, Columbia, Hanover, Whippany, Speedwell, etc. In September, 1853, on my removal to Newark, Rev. Father Madden took charge of the mission of Madison. In a few years. IN NEW JERSEY 253 finding the church at Springfield too small for the congregation, he built an addition. After the removal of Seton Hall College from Madison to South Orange in i860, Springfield came under the administration of the priests of the college. It did the young priests of the col- lege good to ride over from the college on a crispy winter's morn- ing to get a slight taste of the pleasures of missionary life. It was about this time that Catholic families from New York began to move into the Short Hills. These are the chief facts that come to my memory in connec- tion with the establishment of the Springfield mission. Should there be any particular points on which you desire information, and within my power to communicate, it will give me pleasure to help your good work. Very sincerely in Christ, Bernard, Bishop of Rochester. P. S. I think that in The Freeman s Journal of December, 1852, you will find an account of the dedication of St. Rose's Church. In the last century after the Revolution French emi- grants settled at Elizabeth. A priest visited them occasionally. If I am not mistaken, some lived a while near Springfield. Their compatriots at Madison (old Bottle Hill, as it was called) were often attended to by a priest from St. Peter's, New York. He came by boat to Elizabeth, thence by stage to Madison. These visits became quite regular as far back as 1 805, although I think that the French priests lived in Elizabeth at an earlier date. St. Rose's Church is small and not imposing. It is not sur- mounted by sky-scraping steeple or cross, yet its walls have echoed many an eloquent sermon, and in it have ministered at one time or another as pastor more priests who have attained emi- nence in the Catholic Church than in any other parish in New Jersey. It was the first parish entrusted to a clergyman who has since become the head of the greatest and largest diocese in the United States, Archbishop Michael A. Corrigan, of New York. Among its former pastors were the Rt. Rev. W. M. Wigger, Bishop of Newark; Rt. Rev. B. J. McQuaid, Bishop of Roches- ter; Rev. W. J. Wiseman; and Rev. James H. Corrigan, president of Seton Hall College, and Rev. George W. Corrigan, brothers of the archbishop. Rev. P. Moran, of St. John's Church, Newark, began to make monthly visits to the parish, which comprised Milburn and Spring- field. Father Moran used to say Mass and teach catechism in the 2 54 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH house of Charles Fur)-, of Sprinj^^field. This was in 1832 The Furys and Mrs. Matthew Uoughert)' were the onl}' Cathohcs in these villages at this time, l^ew Father Guth frequently made visits from Madison to this straggling settlement. In 1841 two men with families, Terence Hogan and John Kenny, and Maurice Lonergan, single, were the onl\' Catholics in Milburn. In Spring- field were Charles Fury and tamil\-, Mr. and Mrs. Philip L)'nch, Mr and Mrs. Michael English, Arthur McCormick, Daniel Coghlan, and Bryan Dunigan. In 1847 Rev Louis D. Senez, of Madison, was assigned to celebrate Mass on week da)s in the house of Michael Eng- lish, and teach catechism at the residence of John Hogan on the Short Hills road. In the first years of its ex- istence the church had many trials. A spirit of hostility was excited by its erection among the Protestant resi- dents of the locality. Of these some were Irish Prot- estants — Orangemen — and their bitterness caused much annoyance. At one time an effigy of St. Patrick was hung on the large cross over the entrance to the church on that saint's day, and on other occasions various indignities were cast upon it. During Father Madden's term as pastor the sanctuary was shattered by lightning. In 1859 the church was robbed, the carpets were torn from the floor and scattered in shreds about the edifice, and the vestments destroyed. The Rev. Louis Schneider assumed pastoral charge in 1868. Father Schneider was an indefatigable worker. By his efforts its present site and the other property now owned by the church were purchased. The jimperty then consisted of six acres of land, with a dwelhng-house and a hat-shop. The shop has since been remodelled as a school. Father Schneider's lox-e for the par- ish was so great that in the centre of the cemetery he erected a large cedar cross and made known his wish to be buried there. His wish was fulhlled and a monument was erected on his grave by his former pupils. ST. BONTFACE CHURCH, P.ATERSON. IN NEW JERSEY 255 In 1873 Rev. Thomas J. Toomey was appointed to take charge of the parish. Father Toomey was succeeded in February, 1874, by Rt. Rev. W. M. Wigger, Bishop of Newarlc, then pastor of St. Theresa's Church at Summit. In September, 1874, Bishop Wigger was superseded by Rev. L. S. Dagnault, who was the first resident priest. He remained until October, 1876. During his term he also attended Cranford and Westfield. In 1876 the parish had gained sufficiently in population to necessitate the saying of two Masses on Sunday. On October 8th, 1876, Father Dagnault exchanged parishes with the Rev. Joseph Rolando, of Hacken- sack. In September, 1 879, the present sisters' residence was erected, and a community of the Sisters of Notre Dame assumed control ' of the school. They were succeeded by the Sisters of Charity in 1881. The church was removed from Springfield to its present loca- tion in 1880. The distance was only about one-third of a mile, yet the church was six weeks on the road. During that time Mass was said in the school-house. Father Rolando was transferred to Madison to succeed Bishop Wigger as pastor there on September 1 2th, 1 88 1. The first appointment made by Bishop Wigger was that of the Rev. George W. Corrigan to succeed Father Rolando at Milburn in September, 1881. He was a great favorite with all his congregation. His charities and his exceeding kindness of heart are still traditional in the parish. He often went to Union- ville and said Mass at the residence of Matthew Quilligan, and thus saved the Catholics of Unionville a walk of four miles. Dur- ing his pastorate the Forty Hours' devotion was first held in the church, and the first mission took place. It was conducted by the Redemptorist Fathers. Father Corrigan was transferred to St. Agnes's, Paterson. He was succeeded by Rev. Daniel F. McCarthy, the present pas- tor. Father McCarthy has worked unceasingly since he assumed charge. The parish is at present in good standing and entirely free from debt. Under his administration a fine school has been erected. — Newark Evening News. St. Boniface's Church, Paterson. Before the erection of the present church of St. Boniface, the Germans of the city of Paterson assembled in the basement of old St. John's Church' for divine worship. They were visited occa- sionally by Rev. Nagel, C.SS.R., and more frequently by Rev. P. Hartlaub, who from the 9th of October, 1853, till April 24th, 1858, zealously responded to their spiritual wants. Rev. L. Fink succeeded him in the pastoral work July i8th; 1858, and remained till July 3d, 1859. He became Bishop of Wichita, Kan. 256 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH He was succeeded by Rev. John J. Schandel, August nth, 1859, at the same time assistant of St. John's. He bought the church property of ten lots on the corner of Main and Slater streets. The corner-stone was laid on July ist, i860, by Bishop Bay- ley, and after completion the church was blessed December ist, 1 861, by Rev. J. J. Schandel. St. Boniface's Church in its pres- ent structure has the honor of being the oldest church in the city of Paterson. At a meeting, 29th of September, 1864, the church was incor- porated under the legal title " Saint Boniface's Catholic Church, Paterson." Rev. Nicholas Hens was appointed as the first assistant Sep- tember, 1869. Rev. John J. Schandel leaving December, 1871, was succeeded by Rev. Nicholas Hens in January, 1872, as pastor. He brought the Sisters of St. Dominic to his parish September 9th, 1872, and having procured two lots, the school was built in 1875. Rev. Aug. J. Geisler came as assistant August, 1879, 3-nd re- mained in that position till October, 1881. Rev. J. N. Grieff followed him October, 1881, and continued in the parish until February, 1884. Father Hens leaving October, 1884, was followed by Rev. Eugene Dikovich, November, 1884, as pastor. Having no assist- ant, he was helped by the Rev. Franciscan Fathers, Paterson, till 1st of May, 1901, when Rev. Adalbert Frey was appointed assistant. St. Michael's Catholic Church, Elizabeth. In the city of Elizabeth, N. J., there was only one Catholic church until the beginning of the "fifties," St. Mary's, where all the different nationalities worshipped. The few German Catho- lics who every Sunday heard Mass in St. Mary's, unable most of them to understand the English language, desired most anxiously to hear the Word of God in their native tongue? When their num- ber increased, the head of the diocese sent a priest now and then to preach the Gospel to them. .Some time later a Redemptorist Father came once a month from New York to preach and hear confessions in the German language. Among these Rev. Redemp- torist Fathers who came in the years 1849-52 to Elizabeth may be mentioned Fathers J. Nagel, M. Leimgruber, Felix Ed. Brecka. IN XI-.W ff-.RSEY 257 In the \ear 1852 tlic- 'jcrman Catholits, then numbering t\vent}'-fi\-e famihes, resohx-d to found a new Cathohc parish. This Certain!)' was a great undertaking for so small a number, esjjecially as their means were slender, and as most of them were laborers who had to work hard for their dail)' bread. Still their loNe for G'.)d, and their desire to ha\"e a church of their own, hlled their hearts with zeal for the great sacrifice. Among the founders were John Kngel, J, L. Lutz, I-'rancis Stein, George .Streis- sel, John Eich, J'jhn Kelfjer, Leonard Sauer, Anton Stein, John Daubner, John II. Tjui- ger. They first obtained lots on High Street on condition that the\- should build a stone church; but they had not the resources sufficient, anrl hence had to return the gift to the donor. The)' then bought lots on Smith Street, and under their pastor's guid- ance, the Re\'. I-'ather Ilart- laub, the foundation \\as laid in 1853. The first rectoi' was Rev. Augustine Dautner, O.S.F., who came August 8th, 1852. He remained one year; then he was succeedefl for two months by Father Carro ; and then b)- the abo\-e- mentioned I'^ather Hai'tlaub, who built the frame church on Smith Street. His successor was Rew ,Adol|jh Etthofer, from P'ebruary 5th, 1854, to February iith, 1S55. His successor was Rev. Nicholas Ralleis, who was succeeded in the sanie )ear, July 29th, 1855, by Rev. Michael \\'urzfeld. He enlarged the frame church in 1858. In the year i860 the Re\'. Henry Lemke, O.S.B., became rector of tlie parish. I-'ather Henr)', as he was always called, organized in 1861 the school, which was held at first in the chiu'ch itself, a wooden partition separating the i.hil- 17 s'l'. -MI(IL\i;ls ciicid.ii. i.ij/.ai;i;th. ^5* THE CATHOLIC CHURCH dren from the altar. On Sundays and holidays this partition was removed. The Benedictine Sisters taught in the school. Father Henry retired from St. Michael's Church in 1870. He (jr<,^anized the Sacred Heart congregation in Elizabeth, and died in Carrollton, Pa., November 28th, 1882, in the eight)'-seventh year of his age. In the year 1870 the Rev. Albert von Schilgen became the rector, and he at once began the erection of a new church on the corner of Smith and East Jersey streets. This new church, built of brick in real Gothic st)de, is no feet long and 55 feet wide, exclusive of the tower, which was not added till 1 899 and is 29 feet square and 179 feet high ; it was dedicated on St. Michael's Da}', September 29th, 1872. The number of school- children in 1870 was 52. On September 2d, 1875, the Sisters of Christian Charity took charge of the school, there being 165 schol- ars. As the congre- gation increased so did the number of school- children, so that a new school became necessary. This school, together with the sisters' house, was built in 1885. The sisters' house is 70 feet long and 52 feet wide. The east wing, 90 by 30 feet, and the south wing, 118 by 33 feet, contain the school-rooms, and now (1903) the number of children is 510. Re\'. Albert \-on Schilgen sacri- ficed every comfort for the benefit of the school and sisters, giving up even his own bouse to them and living in two hired rooms. The congregation without bis knowledge collected ^4,000 to build a new rectory in 1S82. So that I^ev. Albert von Schilgen built the present church on Smith and h'ast Jersey streets, the sisters' house, the school and hall, the rectory, and bought prop- erty for the erection of a club-house for the young men. After living for his parish and for it sacrificing himself from March, 1870, till June 2, 1901, he died, mourned and lo\'ed by his whole REV. ALBERT VON SCHILGEN. IN NEW JERSEY 259 Father von Schilgen, born of a noble and distinguished family, in Arensberg, Westphalia, October 12th, 1833, made his studies in Miinster, Paderborn, and Louvain, and was ordained priest March 20th, 1858. He served three years as assistant at Dortmund, Germany, and eight years as missionary pastor of Feudenberg. He was received into this diocese, and sent as assistant to Father Lemke, March 22d, 1870. He was singularly disinterested, modest, and discreet, a highly gifted scholar, and by nature as well as by birth a noble man. To continue the work of Father Albert von Schilgen has been the aim of the present rector, Rev. Hubert J. Behr, D.D., who succeeded him June 21st, 1901. When in June, 1902, the golden jubilee of St. Michael's parish was celebrated, the church had been renovated outside and decorated inside in an artistic way. There were present also at the golden jubilee five of the original founders of the parish. The first assistant was given to Father von Schilgen in 1893 in the person of Rev. George H. Mueller, at present pastor of Mendham, N. J. In 1894 the Rev. Michael Rumpel was ap- pointed assistant, and during seven years helped the pastor in his zealous work for the welfare of the parish. In July, 1901, the Rev. Andrew J. Schonhart became the assistant of Rev. H. J. Behr, D.D., and has been constant and zealous in the discharge of his duties.. Not only has St. Michael's Church worked through its people and rectors for the welfare of the flock, but she has been the mother of other and now flourishing congregations in Elizabeth. First, St. Patrick's, Elizabeth, is her child, and it is a case in which the child has grown more famous than the mother. Secondly, the Sacred Heart congregation was organized by the rector of St. Michael's. Thirdly, the Holy Rosary congregation held service in St. Michael's Church in the beginning, and its rector lived with good Father von Schilgen. Fourthly, the present Italian parish has used the old church of St. Michael's now for over twelve years, free of all obligations; so that, though St. Michael's congregation may not do overmuch boasting, her works speak eloquently for her. 26o THE CATHOLIC CHURCH The Diocese of Newark. Its First Bishop, James Roosevelt Bayley. After the death of Bishop Connolly, February 5th, 1825, the See of New York was vacant two years, and meanwhile it was administered by the Very Rev. John Power, who had been ap- pointed vicar-general by Bishop Connolly. The Rev. John Du Bois, president and founder of Mount St. Mary's College, Em- mettsburg, Md., was consecrated second Bishop of New York, Sunday, October 29th, 1826. Bishop DuBois, born in Paris, August 24th, 1 764, was educated in the College of Louis le Grand, and among his fellow-students were many who figured prominently in the historical records of their day — among them the Abb^ MacCarthy, the Abbe Le Gris Duval, Robespierre, and Camilla Desmoulins. Bishop DuBois was one of that illustrious band of zealous, holy, and learned priests, who, driven from their own country by the fanatical hatred of their countrymen, seemed des- tined under God to come hitherward to build deep and solid the foundations of Catholicity in this virgin field. Letters brought by him from Lafayette secured for him a welcome among the most distinguished Americans of that day — James Monroe, the Randolphs of Roanoke, the Lees, the Beveridges, and the illus- trious orator Patrick Henry. He lost no time to familiarize him- self with the language of the country. He was brimming over with that charming activity, a peculiar attraction of his race, was cour- teous, polite, and in a marked manner sympathetic with children, with whom he readily made friends, and through them not infre- quently with their parents. While studying English with Patrick Henry he did not neglect his priestly office, but visited the Cath- olics in Richmond and Norfolk. In 1794 Archbishop Carroll en- trusted him with the Frederick mission, as the pastor at that time, Father Frambach, exhausted with the labors of his active mission- ary life, was no longer able for the work. The sphere of Father DuBois's activity was not confined to Maryland, but extended into Virginia. Despite the grave apprehension of the flock of Catholics in Frederick, he determined to build for them a church. It was built, and by his thrift and zeal paid for. Soon other churches and chapels appeared in his missionary field which tested, to the utmost his endurance. IN NEW JERSEY 261 On the suggestion of the Abb6 Dubourg, he determined to open a preparatory college at Emmettsburg, and in 1 808 he had the satisfaction of inaugurating an institution with seven pupils that was to furnish great names not only to the Lord's vineyard, but in civil and political life. He became associated with the Society of St. Sulpice December 6th of that same year, but, after some eighteen years, he withdrew from it while still holding the esteem and affection of its members. About this time Elizabeth Bayley Seton, a distinguished con- vert to the Catholic Church, was chosen by Bishop Carroll to establish at Emmettsburg a foundation of the Sisters of Charity, and from that little log-house on the mountain has developed an institution which down to the present has been a benediction to thousands — on the battle-field, in the hospital, in the orphanage, and in the school-room. While the new community adopted the rules of St. Vincent de Paul, still much had to be done to adapt them to the times and the altered conditions of society. His ex- perience with the Sisters of Charity in Paris and in their asylums for the insane made Father DuBois a most valuable guide and adviser. But what he did and how the little band suffered is best told by the Rev. John McCaffrey in his eulogy of Bishop DuBois in 1843: Bishop Brut^ declared that Bishop DuBois was the true father of that institution {Sisters of Charity) from the beginning. When Mother Seton first came to Emmettsburg he gave her a home on its hill. He freely shared his limited means with the nascent community ; he supported them when other support they had none. He was their confessor and director during the first years of their existence. To him Archbishop Carroll entrusted all that related to them. He instructed, trained, directed, formed them all. He initiated them into the practice of the rules laid down by St. Vincent de Paul. He consoled, encouraged, and sustained them amid trials and difficulties which would have shaken souls less generous than theirs or his, and from the scanty stores of his own poverty he supplied them with bread, when but for him they had no alternative but to abandon their undertaking and disperse or perish for want of food. That was true heroism then exhibited in St. Joseph's vale, when this man of God taught that delicately reared and softly nurtured mother and her little band of resolute associates to suffer without complaint day after day, month after month, the gnawing pains of hunger, confident that He who feeds the ravens would not forget them, and in the hope that they might yet grow up into a community and one day be able them- selves to feed the hungry, to rear the forsaken orphan, to nurse the destitute sick, to throw themselves like tutelary angels between 262 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH the raging pestilence and its trembling victims. That hope has been realized ! Yes, departed benefactors of the poor, DuBois ! Seton! thousands of orphans, rescued from want and misery and death, or worse than death, have raised their grateful hands to heaven, imploring blessings upon you — a thousand orphans will remember you in their prayers. Among the gardeners who aided Father DuBois in clearing the forest and tilling the farm was young John Hughes, whose extraordinary ability did not escape his keen eye, and who was one day to succeed him as fourth Bishop of New York. Bishop DuBois's life in the field of his new responsibilities was not a rose- strewn pathway, but his indomitable will, his courage, and his faith carried him safely through the troubles of the trustee sys- tem and the barriers which his nationality had raised against him. His zeal brought him to every part of his diocese, and many times did he visit the northern section of New York — travelling at one time over three thousand miles — to dedicate churches, to admin- ister confirmation, and to bless cemeteries. There is a tradition that he visited Elizabeth and blessed a portion of the Episcopal cemetery of St. John's, that the French families might lay away their dead in hallowed ground. The pages which precede this narrative speak eloquently of his interest in this part of his dio- cese in sending zealous and faithful priests to build the foundations of the majestic edifice we now behold. When he took possession of his cathedral, there were about 25,000 Catholics in New York City, who owned three out of the seventy churches. But the commercial panic in England and the famine in Ireland in 1826 brought thousands of immigrants to our shores. Unfortunate Ireland, oppressed by her rulers, afflicted by the hand of God, desolated and decimated by famines from 1 826 to 1 848, was to see her population disappear and her fields and hamlets deserted. The tide of emigrants from the Sacred Isle still flows on. What were the horrors from which our forefathers fled only those who were eye-witnesses can portray. The famine of 1831 was one of the worst, and in his appeal in The Avcnir for funds to send to the distressed, Montalembert gives these harrowing details : The inhabitants of a vast parish in one of the remote counties of Ireland, cornpletely deprived of food and reduced to the last ex- treme, are mere shadows, and calmly await death to put an end to their pangs and their misery. The priest would not abandon his flock, and died with them of hunger. When he saw there was no hope of relief, no sign of succor, he went from cabin to cabin. IN NEW JERSEY 263 always with the same message : M)' dear children, in this terrible hour let us not forget our Lord, the Lord God who gives life and takes it away. Obedient to his \oice, five hundred spectres dragged them- selves to the chapel and dropped on their knees ; the priest tot- tered up the steps of the altar, and there stretching out his shriv- elled hands over the heads of the dying, he tells the litany of the agonizing and recites the pra}'ers for the dead. This agony of a whole people is the agony of a martyr, and in the )awning graves into which this people is falling like the leaves in the autumn, hell will not have a single victim. — Avenii; June 13th, 1831. The appeal was not in vain; g 16,000 was forwarded to Ire- land to relieve the sufferers. The English Government seemed helpless or indifferent to stay the ravages of a peril ever recurring and which was losing to them millions of their subjects. This truth the London Tablet of that day confesses : The worst feature of Ireland's condition, in the minds of Englishmen, has been for a longtime its hopelessness. It seemed past help and past hope. ... It is almost heartbreaking to think of Ireland. God, no doubt, tempers the wind to the shorn lamb, but of a truth it requires a stout heart for any minister that has to front the perils of the next twelve months. As it is, we know not what effort can be made successfully, nor how it is possible " to feed an entire nation that stretches out its hands for food'' (1846). Dark, indeed, were the scenes they left behind them and sad their memories, but who can portra}' the horrors of that passage over sea ? The human freight was packed awa)- in rotten hulks, tyrannized by brutal masters and mates, who held human life — especially Irish human life — cheaply. Becalmed at times and wrapped in fogs at others, imprisoned in these floating storm-cen- tres of disease, of mutin)-, of riotous and brutal conduct, how many a thrilling tale has been told of life aboard these " coffin " ships ! One of them was wrecked off Cape Cod, and of the hun- dreds aboard only thirteen were sa\-ed b\- the hard)- fishermen. The captain's trunk was washed ashore, and in it was found a letter from the owners guaranteeing him a new command should he succeed in sinking the wrecked ship. But what people can point to a nobler record of self-sacrifice, of filial piety, of intense Catholic faith than these penniless Celts, who, according to Leek)-, in the twent)- years ending with 1 863, 264 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH sent not less than one hundred millions of dollars to their rela- tives in Ireland {England in ike EigJiteenih Ceninry, ii., 343), and who, furthermore, supported themselves, reared families, and built up the Catholic Church in the United States ? These were the hosts which demanded the care and attention of the spiritual heads of our Church, and worried them in their anxious efforts to make provision for their spiritual welfare. With the limited means at their disposal this was simply out of the question, and hence the leakage so much to be deplored and regretted. Feeling the burden of his office too great to be borne at his advanced age. Bishop DuBois intimated to the bishops of the third Provincial Council that he would be pleased to have a coadjutor, and asked for the appointment of the Rev. John Hughes. The bull of his appointment reached Bishop Hughes in November, 1837, and he was consecrated in St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, by Bishop DuBois, January 7th, 1838. For twenty-eight years he dominated public opinion as a priest and a patriot, up- lifted a weak and timid flock, infused enthusiasm and courage into the hearts of priests and people, maintained their rights and dignity, defended by word and pen the dogmas and practices of holy Church, and gave Catholicity an impetus which has not yet been stayed. He swept away the tyranny of trusteeism, and scotched, if he did not kill, the strident hostility of that evil brood which attacks the Church on the plea of defending and protecting the Constitution of our country, and was in his day known as Native Americanism. His fertile mind never failed in an emer- gency. When the Native American party in 1844 had elected one of their party Mayor, who was also the publisher of Maria Monk's infamous book, a meeting was called by them, whose object was murder and arson. Bishop Hughes sought advice with reference to the liability of the city under the laws of New York for damage done by the rioters. A lawyer assured him that there was no legal redress. Then the bishop said, " The law intends that citi- zens shall defend their own property.'' An extra issue of The Freeman s Journal contained the follow- ing: " If, as it has .already appeared in Philadelphia, it should be a part of Native Americanism to attack the houses or churches of Catholics, then it behooves them, in case all other protection fail, to defend both with their lives. In this they will not act against the law, but for the law. . . But in no case let Catholics IN NEW JERSEY 265 suffer an act of outrage on their property without repelling the aggression at all hazards." This warning had its effect. The cowards balked. Posters appeared revoking the call for the meeting. A terrible disaster was averted, for a powerful Irish society, with branches in every section of the city, had resolved in case a single church was at- tacked, buildings should be set afire in all parts, and the great city become a prey to the flames (Shea, The Catholic Church in the United States, iv., 106). On another occasion, when the rumor came to him that certain public men contemplated disfranchising Catholics, he said : If there be any intention among the public men of this coun- try to disfranchise Catholics — to abridge them of their rights — in the name of all that is honorable, I would say, let it be done by a manly, noble declaration to that effect. If Protestantism cannot thrive in this country unless it have some one or more denomina- tions to degrade and trample upon — as in Great Britain and Ire- land — let it speak out and candidly make known the fact. If defamation in aggregate and detail can accomplish it, the Catho- lics of this country will soon be degraded enough in the minds of their fellow-citizens. — Metropolitan, May, 1855. With such forcible, manly rebukes and statements he com- manded the admiration of the intelligence of the country, and the fair-minded, justice-loving public were soon all on his side. Of him Cardinal McCloskey said in his funeral oration that he was a providential man, and his life and the fruits of his laborious career fully justify the statement. Father Hurley, the able and eloquent Augustinian of Philadel- phia, became acquainted with Bishop Hughes while he was still a seminarist in Mount St. Mary's, discharging, likewise, the duties of teacher, and expecting soon to be raised to the diaconate. Father Hurley wrote to young Hughes in 1825, advising him before ordination to prepare sermons to last at least six months, assuring him that he would find this forethought to be an advan- tage. He would then be ahead of his work, whenever called upon to perform it. The wisdom of this advice either did not appeal to the seminarist or he did not have time to act upon it. On his way to St. Augustine's, Philadelphia, where he was to begin his work. Father Hughes met Bishop Con well on the visitation to the western part of his diocese. Taking a fancy to the young priest, he invited Father Hughes to accompany him, and, arriving at the church, requested him to 266 FHE CATHOLIC CHURCH preach. Instead of having- twenty or thirt)' sermons, Father Hug'hes had but one, and was sorry for it. Mowcver, lie preached KIOIIT KI-;\-. JAMICS K. l;AVLliV, First Ilish'ip of Newiiik. that sermon and jneaclied it well. ]5ut at e\'ery church (_)n the circuit he received the same invitation and responded with the IN NEW JERSEY 267 same sermon, very much to his dissatisfaction. After the visita- tion was over, Bishop Conwell said to him, " That was a very good sermon, but I think I know it by heart." He became, indeed, a great preacher, ready, forcible, and eloquent, and both himself and Father Ryder attracted crowded churches even in the heat of summer. Bishop Hughes had witnessed the almost seven-fold growth of Catholicity in the Diocese of New York since his appointment as coadjutor. Two-thirds of a vast tide of emigration settled either in the city itself or its environs. Realizing the impossibility of administering personally to their wants, and convinced that the time for establishing new centres of the faith had arrived, he asked and obtained the division of his diocese and the creation of the new sees of Brooklyn and Newark. This important event carried with it new honors for himself, for he became the first Archbishop of New York in 1853. Early in the month of Octo- ber, 1 85 3, the bulls appointing him first Bishop of the Diocese of Newark, which was to embrace the entire State of New Jersey, were received by James Roosevelt Bayley. The bishop-elect, at the time secretary of Archbishop Hughes, was born in New York City, August 23d, 1 814. His lineage was illustrious, and in him were combined the best elements of his ancestry. Nor pen nor language can do full justice to his character. In him were blended the Celt and the Dutch, the Gaul and the Briton, and his was their perfect fruitage without their blemish. We see him, as we saw him in our childhood, noble, dignified, gentle, winsome, a man among men, even as Saul, towering head and shoulders over all, attracting by his kindliness the lowliest, twining himself deep into the affections of his priests and compeers, and com- manding by his virtues the respect even of those who differed radically from his views. His early school-days were spent in Mendham, and afterward in Mount Pleasant, near Amherst. Here in his youth he gave that vernal promise which, ripened in maturity, made him idolized by all whose privilege it was to know him. This will appear from the following letters of two of his old classmates, written after death had ushered him to the eternal reward of a well-spent life and reft the Church of a wise counsellor and a zealous prelate. (From the Brunswick, Me., Telegraph, October 12th, 1877.) It is erroneous to say that Bayley was educated at Washington (now Trinity) College, Hartford, Conn. He was graduated from 268 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH that institution, but he entered Amherst College in 1831, and passed his freshman and sophomore years in that institution, leav- ing, we think, at the close of the sophomore year. In the winter of 1832 we bade our classmates farewell, and with none did we part with more sincere regret than with James R. Bayley, between whom and ourself had sprung up the warmest friendship — a friend- ship which neither time nor long absence has served to check. In a cold and dreary night of the month of December, 1832, a few good friends came to the hotel to say good-bye, as we entered the stage-coach, the sole passenger to be jolted over the hills of Pelham and on to Worcester. Since that hour James R. Bayley and we have never met ; but we have not forgotten each other in the many years that have intervened. Correspondence at inter- vals has been kept up, and a letter received from him within two years expresses all the warmth of boyhood's hours, all the gener- osity of a nature singularly loving and lovable. There was a heartiness, a courtesy about our deceased classmate that won him many and esteemed friends, whose good-will was never impaired, however widely they may have differed from him politically and religiously. In Amherst College Bayley sustained good rank as a scholar, though we know not the rank which he held at the time of his graduation. He possessed decided talent, a fact evident in his great and almost sudden elevation to place and power in the Catholic Church. . . . We happen to know that when he was appointed Archbishop of Baltimore, a Protestant gentleman of that city expressed his gratification with the appointment, as the community would be sure of having a gentleman to fill the office. Letter of John Codman to The Brunswick Telegraph, October 19TH, 1877. My dear Tenney : I was much pleased with your paper this morning. You have done justice to the memory of our old friend, James Roosevelt Bayley, and no more than justice, for his character could not be too highly estimated. In talking of him with Beecher [Henry Ward Beecher] the other clay, he said: "The commodore was a sincere Christian in his line, and did more good in it than he could have accomplished in any other way. He was ' bigoted ' only as all of us are in sticking to our principles." Do you know how he came by the title of commodore .' It descended upon him before we entered college, when we were schoolmates at the Mount Pleasant Classical Institution. He then had a great fancy for the sea, and actually obtained a com- mission of midshipman in the navy. When he appeared before us in his uniform preparatory to leaving school, I well remember our admiration and envy of the naval hero. But upon mature consideration he reconsidered the matter, packed his uniform IN NEW JERSEY 269 away, and devoted himself to his studies more earnestly than ever. At the time there were two hundred boys at Mount Pleasant, and I do not remember that the commodore was ever counted in when there was a quarrel, for he was everybody's friend. In fact, I never knew one who in all his boyhood and manhood steered so clear of all damage from collision among all sorts and conditions of men. Like you, I have maintained an acquaintance and intimacy with him till his death. He never obtruded his religious ideas upon those who differed from him, and his charity embraced all mankind. We Mount Pleasant boys still keep up our reunions every five years on the old grounds at Amherst. The commodore's duties have not allowed him to meet with us, but he was always there in the spirit of his boyhood, as his letters on those occasions so cor- dially testify. If there is any truth in the Catholic dogma of the " intercession of the saints," I am sure that }ou and I with all his old chummies can count on a good word from the commodore in the quarter where he has influence. To this testimony may be added that of Monsignor Doane, who was associated with Archbishop Ba^'ley almost from the day he undertook the government of the Diocese of Newark. " I was with Bishop Bayley ' quasi ab incepto,' and learned to know him and to love him well. He was a noble model of a Christian bishop. Duty was paramount with him, and his delight was to be at his work building up the kingdom of God on earth. He was constantly studying the wants of the diocese then strug- gling into existence, establishing new parishes, new schools, in- creasing the number of the clergy, preaching, giving confirmation, and attending to all the multifarious details of a Catholic bishop in temporals as well as spirituals. . Bishop Bayley was a most delightful companion. He was endowed with a most retentive memory, had read much, and seen men and things, and after a long life I can recall no one more delightful to be with and to hear talk than he. He seemed animated with the spirit of St. Francis de Sales, full of zeal in the episcopal office, and of kind- ness and charity to all mankind ; not only relieving want, but speaking well and thinking well of everybody." In harmony with this is the language of Senator Smith, on the occasion of the " Laymen's Celebration of the Golden Jubilee of the Diocese " : " Bi,shop Bayley was one of the noblest, grandest characters I have ever known. He was noble in form and feature. One had only to look at his grand face to be convinced of his nobility of character, kindness of heart, and fervent piety. I do not hope to look on his like again." And what would the poor. 27° THE CATHOLIC CHURCH the lowly, the humble — the innumerable host of dumb admirers — say, were it possible to gather into one encomium the verdict of their unerring judgment ? Their tribute is weighted with bless- ings, and to-da)' among the old folks Bishop Bayley is still spoken of as if the Diocese of Newark, instead of four, had had but one bishop. As has been said, he entered Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., to prepare himself for the Episcopal ministry, and took up the study of theology under the Rev. Samuel F Jarvis, at Middle- town, 'Conn., and on its conclusion he was appointed rector of St. Peter's Church, Harlem, N. Y. \'isiting one day the home of a poor Irish laborer, on a mission of charit)-, he became acquainted with Father Michael Curran, the uncle of Father Michael Cur- ran, late of St. Andrew's Church, New York City, \\-ith whom he formed a friendship which continued throughout life. In the fall of 1841 he resigned his parish and journeyed to Rome. The result of his studies and investigation was that he was received into the Catholic Church by the Jesuit Father Esmond, conditionally baptized, and confirmed the same day, April 28th, 1842, by Cardinal Franzoni, in St. Ignatius's room. He then entered St. Sulpice, Paris, and entered upon his theolog- ical studies. In returning to New York he narrowl)- escaped shipwreck, the details of which in after life he often told in his inimitably graphic and humorous way. He was ordained priest by Archbishop Hughes, March 2d, 1842, and discharged succes- sively the duties of President at Fordham College and pastor of Quarantine, Staten Island. Here he labored with loving, inde- fatigable zeal among the immigrants, and the love he always bore the Irish became intensified and e^•er after was a singular trait of his beautiful character. He was next appointed secretary of the bishop, for which his love of order and administrati\'e ability admirably fitted him. This office he held when he was designated Bishop of Newark. He was consecrated in St. Patrick's Cathe- dral, New York, together with Bishop Loughlin, of Brooklyn, and Bishop de Goesbriand, of Burlington, Vt., by the Most Rev. Caje- tan Bedini, Archbishop of Thebes and Apostolic Nuncio. On the resignation of Father Senez as pastor of St. Patrick's, Newark, the bishop-elect appointed Father McQuaid, of Madison, with whom he had been on the most intimate terms of friendship, and on the new pastor devolved the responsibility of properly receiving the newly consecrated bishop. Father McQuaid deter- mined to make this a memorable event. IN NEW JERSEY 271 The older clergy were timid and looked on with alarm and dread at the display the young priest contemplated making. They protested and objected, but failed to turn him aside from his plans. Even Bishop Bayley was called upon to check a move- ment which was bound to stir up rancor and bigotry, but even he failed with the intrepid young pastor. " You are not bishop yet, and if trouble ensues, then suspend me after you have taken pos- session of your cathedral," said Father McQuaid. The day came at last, the Feast of All Saints, November ist, 1853. Nature seemed to contribute to the joy of the Catholics, for the weather was balmy, the skies were cloudless, and altogether there was a remarkable blending of golden sunshine softened with the deli- cate tints of our rare Indian summer. Thousands upon thousands assembled at the Centre Street depot, the nearest to St. Patrick's, as a measure of precaution conceded by Father McQuaid, awaiting the arrival of the 9:45 A.M. train. On its arrival the procession, which had been formed along Smith Street and Park Place, under Grand Marshal McLear, with his assistants the Messrs. Starr, Brannan, and Rowe, took up its line of march in the following order : A Cross-Bearer. The female children of St. Mary's, St. Patrick's, and St. John's Sunday- schools. A Cross-Bearer. The male children of the same Sunday-schools. In all about 1,200. The Newark Brass Band. The Hibernia Provident Society ; the Shamrock Provident Society, with banners and regalia. The Jefferson Band. St. Joseph's Society ; Erin Benevolent Society ; the Laborers' Union. A New York Brass Band. The Catholic Total Abstinence Society, followed by carriages containing the Bishops and the Clergy. The Streets were lined with spectators, among whom were the Irish and German Catholics not in the procession, which was over a mile in length. Not the slightest trace of disorder was manifest, not a discordant note jarred the occasion. On arriving at Washington Place the children remained in the park, and the societies formed in open order to allow the clergy to pass to the priest's house on Central Avenue, opposite the sacristy of the church. In the house the clergy vested, and, preceded by a 272 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH cross-bearer, the priests and bishops marched to the main door of the cathedral, where Bishop Bayley was received by the venerable Father Moran, the senior priest of the diocese. The clergy then marched to the sanctuary, and on arriving within the chancel Bishop Bayley knelt in prayer. Father Moran sang the prayer appointed in the ritual for the reception of a bishop, and at its conclusion Bishop Bayley gave his blessing and was led to the throne. Father Moran, on behalf of the priests, made a brief address of welcome, and introduced the clergy to their new bishop. Bishop Bayley arose and returned his thanks for the sentiments expressed in the address. He trusted that their best wishes would be fulfilled and that God wOuld send down upon them His richest blessings. He had hoped and ex- pected Archbishop Hughes to have introduced him, but ill health prevented his coming. He had come among them with the sanc- tion of the highest authority by which any one can be appointed to places of government on earth. He had been consecrated to the See of Newark, and had come to take possession of his See at the bidding of that Supreme Authority which is day after day sending bishops into all parts of the earth. The Catholics had become sufficiently numerous in New Jer- sey to require a bishop, and this beautiful and prosperous city had been erected into an episcopal See. When Archbishop Hughes was appointed to the See of New York, there were only fifty priests in the whole diocese, including a part of New Jersey. To-day there are three hundred zealous priests and five episcopal Sees. Experience has shown that new life has been infused among Catholics by the appointment of a bishop, whenever their num- bers justified it, and he hoped that the same blessing would attend the erection of this new See of Newark. In regard to himself, he could only say that according to his abilities he should endeavor faithfully to discharge his duty in this part of the Lord's vine- yard. In conclusion, he asked this single favor of both priests and people, that they would pray God to send down upon him, His unworthy son, the grace of wisdom and prudence, fortitude and courage, to establish their faith, overcome obstacles, and dis- charge the duty imposed upon him for their salvation and the sal- vation of his own soul. The bishop then received the obedience of his clergy, who on arriving at the throne knelt and kissed his ring. A Solemn High Mass was then sung, the Rev. Dr. Cummings celebrant, the Rev. Michael A. Madden deacon, and the Rev. Father O'Cal- IN NEW JERSEY 273 laghan subdeacon. " There were really three congregations in the church," states Bishop McQuaid ; " one on the floor of the church, one standing on the seats, and others standing on the backs of the pews. There were no tickets of admission, and all who could get in were welcomed." Neither before nor since did the cathedral contain such a throng. There were present in the sanctuary Bishops McCloskey (afterward Cardinal) of Albany, Fitzpatrick of Boston, and Loughlin of Brooklyn, and upward of fifty priests in cassock and surplice in front of the chancel. Father Moran was the assistant priest, and the Masters of Ceremonies Fathers D'Andrasse and McQuaid. The music, which was under the direction of Mr. Pirsson, the organist, was very fine, and the Mass was Mazzinghi's in F. After the Mass the clergy were entertained at a banquet, pro- vided at the personal expense of Father McQuaid, who, to give this last touch to the glory of a beautiful and successful ceremony unblemished by a single mishap, sold his horse and carriage, and even with that was compelled to borrow money to meet the expense. To increase his difficulties the landlord raised the rent on the Central Avenue property, and Father McQuaid was forced to buy the present rectory, which was then a very small house and ill fitted as an episcopal residence. However, he raised the funds to build an addition, and the bishop retired into voluntary exile until the improvements were completed and the house in a condition for him to occupy it without incurring any risk from the stand- point of health. Bishop Bayley, as he entered upon the difficult work of organ- izing the new diocese, and surveyed the vast field entrusted to him, with practically only twenty-five priests on whom he could count as permanent helpers in the ministry, not a single diocesan institution, no funds, and a flock despised and penniless, saw little to encourage and sustain him. His experience in New York confirmed him as to the necessity of Christian education, since the schools, supported by the public funds, were openly antago- nistic to Catholic faith, and endangered and in many instances actually robbed of their faith the Catholic children who fre- quented them. Hence he laid it down as a principle from the beginning that his priests' first care must be the children, and if a choice between the erection of a school or a church had to be made, the preference in every case should be given to the school. For the school once established, the children later on would build 18 ■274 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH the church. Mc consklered no parish worthy of the name that did not ha\'e its pari.ichial school. His priests responded to the \'ie\vs of their bishop, and strox'e to organize the Catholic school as best the)- could \\'ith the limited means at their disposal. The work taken upb)' the sisters in tire orphanage broadened, but the suppl}' was unequal to the demand. There was but one thing to ilo, and that was to imitate the example of Archbishop Hughes, and install in the diocese its own sisterhood. Two sisters fr(.)m Mount St. Vincent's were THE OLD WAUD MANSION, First Mother Uouse of Si.sters of ("harity in the Diocese of Newark. September ^.^ 1S5U. Razed in 1S73. permitted to transfer their obedience to Bishop Bayley, open a novitiate, and launch the little community whicli has grown to such wonderful proportions. The old Ward mansion, on the cor- nel' of iileeeker and Washington streets, was purchased, anil this became the first advance post of that host of de\oted women who from that day to this has accomjilished so much of good not only in Newark, but in other dioceses. 'I"hc two \-olimteers for this noble work were Sister Mar)- Xa\ier Mehegan and Sister Mary Catlierine Nevins, of wlrom onh- one — Motlier Xavier — sur\'i\'es, the witness of the triumphant success achieved through many tears and privations, and a lasting monument of God's condescen- sion and of the zeal ami i^iety of her eolaborers. Previous to this IN NEW JERSEY 275 foundation, however, five young women resolved to consecrate their lives to God in the service of the poor and the young, the Misses Margaret O'Neill, of Paterson, Mary Linah, Bridget Daley, Mary A. Duffy, and Margaret Plunkett, all of Newark, and they were sent under the tutelage of Father McQuaid to the novitiate of the Sisters of Charity in Cincinnati, Ohio. The mother supe- rior of that house had been an intimate friend of Bishop Bayley's saintly aunt. Mother Seton, and out of regard for her she con- sented to train this little company of volunteers from New Jersey. Hampered by lack of money to further his enterprises. Bishop Bayley determined to appeal to the Association of the Propagation of the Faith, of Lyons, France. This society, the work of two humble sewing-girls, has accomplished wonders in the missionary field of the Catholic Church, and no people are under graver ob- ligations of gratitude to it than the Catholics of the United States, and in no small degree the Catholics of New Jersey. The letters of Bishop Bayley written from time to time reveal the actual con- dition of the diocese and its progress. His first appeal was made in June, 1854. In his letter Bishop Bayley Sciys: The emigrants who in the beginning came into this State in search of work strayed all over its boundaries, and, deprived of the help of religion, have abandoned their faith or at least allowed their children to be brought up in heresy. Thus the names of many Protestant families, some of whom are distinguished to-day for their wealth and their influence, point clearly to the religion to which they should belong and to which they are utterly lost. For some years past many industries have been started in this State, and thereby attract many Catholics, who now number from fifty to sixty thousand, for the most part Irish and Germans. . . . But the number of priests is not in proportion to the faith- ful ; the diocese can count only on thirty-three clergymen to meet all its wants and demands. And what is most regrettable is that the State of New Jersey, having been regarded up to the present as an accessory rather than an integral and permanent part of the dioceses of New York and Philadelphia, does not possess a single institution of learning or religion, so necessary to the establish- ment and progress of religion. It is in view of these considera- tions that the Diocese of Newark awaits to-day the attention and benevolence of the charitable associations in favor of foreign missions; it believes it has a right to their assistance, since these dioceses, long since established, have kept all their col- leges, their seminaries, and religious houses, although their wants and their extension have diminished by the erection within their bosom of new dioceses. Helped in the beginning, the Diocese of Newark will soon be able to take care of itself, and to give back 276 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH the kindness which will have been meted out to it, by coming to the assistance of other missions which may need its help. Again in January, 1855, in acknowledging the receipt of ^3,000, Bishop Bayley gives a gloomy picture of the condition of his flock : When I took possession of the diocese, I found many church- es loaded down with debts, and in such straits that they needed large sums of money to prevent their being sold under the hammer. At the same time the occasion presented itself of buying at a reasonable figure a property most suitable for a college and a seminary, and I felt constrained to avail myself of it. These out- lays and many others indispensable in a new diocese have placed me in urgent need of funds, and the news of the allowance of your society of 4,100 francs is welcome indeed. I have not as yet been able to obtain an exact and detailed report of the different missions of the diocese, but as soon as possible I will fill out the blank you have sent me. The last Provincial Council held in New York pressed upon the bishops their cooperation with the Propagation of the Faith, with the resolution of establishing it in all the dio- ceses. I would have taken immediate steps to carry out this resolution, but the commercial crisis, which just now is making itself felt throughout the country, and which has closed, for a time at least, a great number of factories and thrown our poor people out of employment, has left them not only incapable of giving an alms, but rather made them an object of charity. I hope soon for better things and that prosperity will return. I expect to have a retreat for the clergy and a diocesan synod in the course of next summer, and I will then establish the work of the Propagation and urge it warmly on the priests of the diocese. In August, 1855, he again writes to the director of the same association : I beg to acknowledge the receipt of the allowance made by the Council, which came most opportunely, for otherwise the Dio- cese of Newark would have been in great straits. With the money received I have been able to save two churches, on the point of being sold and lost to religion, and besides helped other churches which were very much embarrassed. I hope that a like necessity will not again exist, and all the funds sent by the society will be used no more to repair mistakes, but to build houses of education and charity of which we are so much in need. The report you ask for would have been completed but for the fact that I have not been able to obtain satisfactory statistics such as I would wish to send you. In one of my letters I gave you a general idea of the state of the diocese as I found it in the fall of 1853. The panic which came immediately after has fallen hard on my poor diocesans, who, almost all, are employed in factories and conse- quently out of work. . . . The only point I wish to modify in that IN NEW JERSEY 277 report regards the number of Catholics scattered throughout the diocese, which I beheve has been greatly exaggerated. Never- theless, our Catholics are so spread out, so floating, that it is ex- tremely difficult to find out just how numerous they are. I have taken means to find out the number of baptisms and interments during a given period, and I hope by this means to ascertain a closer proximate of the number of Catholics in my diocese than heretofore. As I had the honor of informing you in my first let- ter, there was no educational institution under the care of relig- ious in the whole State when I took possession of the diocese. Since I was named bishop I have obtained from the mother-house in New York some Sisters of Charity to take care of two orphan- ages, one in Newark and the other in Paterson. There is also in Jersey City a community of sisters who teach in the parish school. In this country, more than in any other, the prosperity of the Church depends above all on the education given to the children. The evil influences to be met on every side are so destructive that the Catholic religion will disappear as quickly as it has spread unless we transplant it in a good soil, in training up with all pos- sible care the children in the faith of their fathers. Therefore I have opened schools wherever there is a church and a resident priest. It is a great burden for our poor people, who are obliged not only to support Catholic schools, but also to pay taxes for the maintenance of free schools, which are carried on at an immense outlay and which present every attraction to catch our children. . . . Again, to consolidate religious education, I have bought a property where I hope to open a college, in which the young men of the diocese who give signs of a vocation to the priesthood will be trained. At present I am of the opinion that there are 40,000 Catholics in the State of New Jersey. The majority of the adults are Irish immigrants, many thousands of Germans, some Ameri- cans, English, French, and Canadians. To take care of their spiritual interests we have thirty-five missionary priests, of whom eight, including myself, were born in this country, seventeen born in Ireland, five Germans, five French or Italians. There are forty-one churches or chapels in the diocese, and twelve stations, where Mass is occasionally celebrated, sometimes in the open air or in dwelling-houses. When I will have gathered all the details I will send you a more exact account on all these points. I intend to establish the Propagation of the Faith in the synod which I hope to convoke shortly. I must look, however, to the society to help me to lay well the foundations of religion in my new diocese, and I hope hereafter, with the help of God, we will be able to carry on this work ourselves, and also to lend a helping hand to others. Impressed with the necessity of providing priests for his dio- cese, and in accordance with the ordinances of the Council of Trent, he determined to open a college, which might afford him a supply of aspirants to the priesthood, who would receive their 278 THK CATHOLIC CHURCH ecclesiastical training in the seminary connected with the college. This wise legislation is summed up in chapter xviii. of the XXIIId. Session in the following words: "The Holy Synod de- crees that every cathedral church, in proportion to its means and the needs of the diocese, is held to place a certain number of the youth, belonging to the cathedral city and the diocese, or, if these fail, to the province, in a college near the churches, or in another place as the bishop deems expedient, for instructing and training in the ecclesiastical state. ... It desires chiefly that the children ,MAIJ.\.\nC CHK<,.\RRV S AC.\DKJ1V, Old Seton Hall, Convent Station. of the poor be given the preference, although the sons of the rich are not to be excluded provided they pay their own way. For its administration the Council prescribes that four deputies be elected in synod, of whom two will super\'ise the internal dis- cipline and two others look after the finances. Where the canon- ical dignity docs not exist, as in the United States, the Holy See in an instruction to the American bishops has laid down the rule that, for diocesan seminaries at least, two deputies be chosen by the bishop with the advice of his council, one lor spiritual and the other for temporal matters. Their advice the bishop is obliged to seek, although he may not follow it." IN NEW JERSEY 279 Father McQuaid, when in Madison, often entertained Father Bayley, who would run out to Morris County to revisit the scenes of his boyhood, and to forget in his ramhles through the hills and forests and the famed peach orchards the cares of office and the wear and tear of his responsibilities. The charms of these precious hours of idyllic pleasure were not utterly lost, and neither had forgotten the situation of the Seminary for Young Ladies, conducted by Madame Chegarry, a few miles from the village of Madison. As it was in the market, both Bishop Bayley and Father McQuaid were of one mind in regard to its desirability for a college site. Located on high ground and commanding a broad sweep of beautiful country, and unsurpassed for healthfulness, Seton Hall College was opened in September, 1856, with the Rev. B. J. McQuaid as its first president. An entry in Bishop Bayley's diurnal, August 26th, 1856, reads: "Father McQuaid very busy preparing to open the college. The difficulties and obstacles from unexpected quarters have been great, but Father McQuaid hopes to have from thirty to forty students to begin with." Five stu- dents answered to the first roll-call, but before the end of the month twenty additional names were registered. Meanwhile the diocese was responding to the touch of its new bishop. In August, 1854, three young men, Messrs. Cor- nelius Cannon, John A. Kelly, and Philip McMahon, and in December Mr. John Murray, were ordained to the priesthood and added to the diocesan body. On September 3d, 1854, the corner- stone of the new church of Our Lady of Grace was laid in Ho- boken; and November 21st, 1855, Bishop Bayley dedicated a new church in the northern limits of Jersey City, under the patronage of the Mother of God. Mass was celebrated by Father Moran of Newark, and the Rev. Dr. Heyden, V.G., of Philadelphia, preached on the occasion. The same day Bishop Bayley administered con- firmation in St. Peter's, Jersey City. Bishop Bayley had visited Rome and taken part in the promulgation of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Mother of God. In December, 1855, he published a pastoral letter to the clergy and laity of his diocese concerning a jubilee in honor of the Immaculate Concep- tion of the Mother of God, to take place during the month of December. The prelate inculcates in the strongest terms " a ten- der devotion to the Queen of Heaven. Nothing is more remark- able as connected with the re\'ival of piety in our day than the increased devotion of all good Christians toward the blessed 28o THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Mother of God. The definition of her Immaculate Conception has already added new fervor to this filial love, and will no doubt tend to draw down additional blessings from God upon us and upon his Church. You will therefore, dearly beloved brethren, join your devotions to those with which the Universal Church has received the dogmatic decision of this important truth." He acknowledges, in February, 1856, the receipt of 1^1,290 from the Leopoldine Society of Vienna. This organization owed its origin largely to the representations of Father, afterward Bishop, Rese, who while on a visit to Vienna awakened interest among the Austrian Catholics by his description of the poverty and need of the Catholics in the United States, especially in the territories. The object of the society, as stated in its rules, " was to promote the greater activity of Catholic missions in America,'' and its name was to be a memorial of Leopoldina, deceased Em- press of Brazil, born Archduchess of Austria. The Archbishop of Vienna was its immediate superior. Monsignor: It is with great pleasure that I acknowledge the receipt of your letter enclosing a bill of exchange on London for £2S8, allotted by the Leopoldine Society of Vienna, to succor the wants of the poor missions of the Diocese of Newark. I will take special care to see that the money is expended in accordance with the wishes of the society. A part will be given to the mis- sion of Trenton, and the remainder will be distributed to the dif- ferent German missions of my diocese to help them to build par- ish schools, with the exception of a portion which I will reserve to aid me in carrying on a work which I consider of the highest importance for the upholding and furthering of our holy religion in our diocese — the establishment of a diocesan college for the Christian education of our youth. The Diocese of Newark, to the support of which you have so generously contributed, comprises the whole State of New Jer- sey, one of the first thirteen United States of America. It was erected by his Holiness Pope Pius IX. in 1853. Before this epoch one-half belonged to the Diocese of New York and the other was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Philadelphia. Newark is situated between both dioceses. The number of Catholics is about 40,000, almost all emigrants from Ireland, Germany, and other countries. They are broadcast over the whole State, and are employed in factories, as household servants, or on farms. The churches in the diocese are for the most part small structures, built of wood, and attended by missionary priests, who are in the habit of offering the Holy Sacrifice at different stations where there is no church to give our poor people the opportunity of approaching the sacraments. I cannot say exactly just how many Germans there are in the diocese, but I am of the opinion IN NEW JERSEY 281 that they are about one-fourth of the entire Cathohc population. There are some German churches and different stations attended by German priests. You are doubtless aware that we receive nothing from the Government and that the clergy is entirely sup- ported by the faithful. The German missions, on this account, are in the greatest need of support, since the Germans, coming from a country where the Church is entirely supported by the state, are not habituated to the system of voluntary contributions and are much less generous than their Irish brethren. When the Diocese of Newark was under the jurisdiction of the Bishops of New York and Philadelphia, the faithful of New Jersey con- tributed generously to the support of the diverse institutions of piety and learning founded in these dioceses, although none of these institutions were built within the borders of the present diocese. The consequence is that we are now obliged to build ourselves to safeguard religion and uphold its dignity. It is for this reason that, since my advent to the diocese, I have established three communities of the Sisters of Charity, and I contemplate, as I said before, building and founding a college. I look upon the present time as most critical for our holy religion. The emigration of these last years has been so great that almost everywhere missions and churches are springing up, mainly because the emigrants come for the most part from Ire- land and Germany and the Catholic countries of Europe. The future of religion depends consequently upon the means we will take to preserve the children of our Catholics in the faith. There is no fear for the parents, who become ofttimes indifferent but rarely apostates, while the Protestants make the greatest efforts to pervert our youth, mainly in establishing free schools, sup- ported by the state. You will understand why I use every means to establish parochial schools wherever there are missions, in order that one day the children may become the mainstay of religion in our country. The future of our religion depends upon what we accomplish in these days, and if the Leopoldine Society sees fit to offer some assistance to this new diocese for some years, they will have powerfully contributed to the attainment of this most desirable end. These letters of our first bishop give us the clearest and most reliable view of existing conditions and a realizing sense of the difficulties he labored under and the means he had recourse to in his efforts to overcome obstacles and to keep pace with the de- mands of his diocese. In July, 1856, he again writes to the Propagation of the Faith : The money you have sent me has been a great help to relieve the wants of the poorest sections of my diocese and to help me establish among them the labors I have undertaken to consolidate our holy religion in these parts. 282 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH The state of my diocese has not changed materially since my last letter. Many circumstances with which no doubt you are familiar have powerfully contributed to check emigration from Ireland, as well as from other Catholic centres on the Continent. At the same time such as are here have become restless ; many of them have gone back to the old country, and a great number of others have left the seaboard for the West. Affairs are certainly brighter, and our poor people, as a rule, have work and are more contented. These circumstances have been a great obstacle to our advancement. I have, however, been able to go on with the work already begun of erecting a diocesan college. It will be open for the admission of scholars the ist of September. The only way, in my opinion, in which we can hope to make an impression upon the proud and worldly spirit of the Protestants who surround us — a spirit which, to say in passing, presents to the development of our holy religion an obstacle as grave as the castes of India — is to elevate the social condition of Catholics. Many of our Catholic emigrants have made fortunes, and if their children can be taught that in holding to their faith they can stand on the same level with Protestants, they Avill be able little by little to remove the prejudices which hinder the enemies of the Church from examining the truth of our holy religion. During the synod which will be held in the month of August I will establish the work of the Propagation of the Faith, and although I cannot promise large contributions for the present, it will be a step in the right direction, and will draw down the bless- ings of Heaven on the flock entrusted to us. In 1858 he writes: I would be glad to be in a position which would furnish the means to give without being obliged to receive, but although I admit that certain portions of our missions are in greater stress than we, yet it will be difficult for me, at least for the present, to do anything without the help of the association. Here our work is in the midst of bitter heretics, and although our poor people contribute generously according to their means for the support of our churches, it will be out of the question without your help to give to our establishments for education the means and the pro- tection necessary. Unless the work is done now, it will soon be too late. So far as the diocese is concerned, things are about the same. We are striving to organize a mother house for sisters who will devote themselves in a special manner to teach poor children. We have every hope of success. In different places in the dio- cese we have endeavored to organize the conferences of St. Vin- cent de Paul, They are highly important to counterbalance the proselytism of the different sects who work constantly and per- sistently on the poverty of our poor emigrants to pervert their children. It is well to recall these early, bitter struggles, to listen again IN NEW JERSEY 283 to that voice silenced by death, to recall his warnings, and verify his predictions. Much of the old rancor of our brethren outside the fold, if not extinct, is rarely apparent ; but to their spirit of opposition has succeeded the more dangerous, because intangible and inoffensive, prevalent irreligious naturalism, which imper- ceptibly influences the young, who, restive of restraint, unless solidly grounded in their religion, sweep away every obstacle, moral or religious, which may hinder the full enjoyment of their liberty. The old foe of the Celt still reckons his victims among our ranks, still must be credited with a considerable share of that leakage of the faith vifhich in the last half century has depleted the ranks of the Catholic Church in this country by the hundred thousands. It is the height of folly to blink this fact, which, if admitted, might stimulate to more earnest, persistent efforts to arrest it. One of its most efficient causes has been and is to-day the vice of intemperance. Hence the pastoral of January 21st, 1 861, may be reproduced, not only for the interest it may excite, but also for the good it may accomplish. Reverend Sir : I am compelled to call your attention, in a particular manner, to the dreadful sin of drunkenness. This horrible vice, so destructive alike to body and soul, is, as we all know, making the most fearful ravages among our people. It may be said to be the chief cause of all the sins they commit, and of all the social evils and discomforts under which they labor. It brings strife and disunion and poverty into families ; it renders parents unfit to discharge the duties which they owe to their children ; it corrupts the young, and is the source of innumerable crimes. It is, in fact, as we are all made to feel by daily experi- ence, the one great obstacle which stands in the way of our labors for their spiritual and temporal good. Notwithstanding all the clergy have done, by exhortation and warning, to put a stop to this monster vice, it is, I regret to say, on the increase among us, and I feel that I would be neglecting my duty as a bishop if I did not take some strong measures, in concert with the reverend clergy, to check this moral pestilence. It is my wish, therefore, that, on the receipt of this letter, you would immediately bring this subject to the attention of your people by reading it to them, and that you would urge upon all the better portion of them, all who love their religion and deplore the scandal which this vice brings upon it, and who grieve on ac- count of the souls that this sin destroys, to unite with you in laboring to arrest its progress. Your efforts, as you will readily perceive, are to be directed against two classes of persons — the drunkards themselves and those who, knowing them to be such, supply them with drink. While I am willing to leave to each pastor the choice of the 284 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH particular means which he thinks most likely to effect the object we have in view, I would direct your attention especially to those who keep disorderly drinking houses and who sell liquor late on Saturday nights and on Sundays ; and I would suggest the advan- tage of obtaining a list of all the drunken men and women and of those who keep such houses in your district. In this way you may be able to make an example of them and to excite against them the indignation of all good Catholics, as persons who bring disgrace upon their religion and who are to be shunned by every one who has any regard for order, peace, and good citizenship. I am determined to make use of the most severe measures against all who are addicted to this scandalous and destructive vice ; and if they continue in the practice of it, they must do it as outcasts from the Catholic Church, who have no right to the name of Catholic while they live nor to Christian burial when they die. 41 James, Bishop of Newark. Bishop Bay ley wrote, in August, i860, to the Propagation of the Faith in a more hopeful tone : I am happy to be able to say to you that the labors inaug- urated in my diocese for the establishment of religion seem to prosper. The mother-house of the sisters established for the edu- cation of the young and other works of charity contains now twenty-six novices. The house which I bought for them is too small and inconvenient, so that I have given them the property which belonged to the Diocesan College. It is large, convenient, and healthy, and it will answer all their wants. The sisters are animated with an excellent spirit, and we have every reason to ex- pect from them the greatest benefits for religion, above all, for the salvation of our poor children. Up to the present they have been supported almost entirely by me, and hence I ask the association to help me as much as possible. Within a year they will be able to receive some help from the other churches, where they will form little communities and will take care of themselves. After having given the college to the sisters, I had to purchase another property for the Diocesan College. It is near the episcopal city and will consequently be under my immediate direction. More- over, those who are preparing for the priesthood will be able to assist at the functions of the cathedral. We are sadly in need of priests. Had we a sufficient num- ber of zealous and worthy priests, religion would make great head- way in this country. At present it is almost impossible to take care of the Catholics. I have just now twenty-seven young men studying for the priesthood, some in one college, some in another. The most of them come from poor families, and I am forced to provide for their wants during their course, even to ordination. For every dollar I receive from the diocese I must spend three, for if the work is not done now, it will soon be too late to do it. IN NEW jj<:rsky 285 The year 1861 ushered in the j-uniors nt a eonflict which was to rentl our eountr)- in twain, to precipitate a war between tlie Nortli and Soutli, wliich was to cost millions ot dollars and thou- sands of human li\X's. This g"a\'e occasion to ]!isho|) J-)a\'le)' to call upon his people to a\'ert this dreadful ealamit)' b)' prayers and pennnce, and to counsel almsgiving in the stress occasionetl by the hard times. In commlaee, eai'r)'inf;" with him the consolations of reli^^'ion and strengthening' the s|iirit of faith in the minds of his children While other ]5oints in his charges were tliligently cared for, Andover demanded and recei\'ed special attention. In those days Andover was a thriving \'illage with larger ex- pectations and higher ambitions than any of its neighbors The mines, musical with hammer and drill, attracted busy hundreds of working-men, and when Father McMahon made his ' first tour of the mines he was pleased to disco\'er that the majority of the employees were members of his Church and subjects of his young parish. A church edifice was now felt to be a necessity, and the great question was as to its whereabouts. The pres- ent seemed to demand its erection at the industrial centre, Andover; the future called for its building at Newton. At length Father McMahon, prudently consid- ering the uncertain character of the mining industry and rightly judging the e\'entual stability of Newton, decided upon raising the edifice in this latter district. The foundations were laid in the fall of 1855. Vigorous work pushed the enterprise to a successful issue, and in the follow- ing spring the gladdening cross surmounted the cupola, and began its still-continued task of throwing its shatlow ujwn (jne of the pleasantest grassy knolls in the town. Fewless and unplastered within, thinly painted and rough-boarded without, it possessed within its walls the attractive charnr and comforting influence that a Catholic church always has — be it ever so modest or e\'er so massive — for the children of that faith. Limited means hindered the entire completion in its interior appointments, and it was in this unfinished condition when in the spring of 1857 Feather McMahon was remox'cd to another field of labor. Succeeding him, with the interval of five nK)nths, came Father James McKay. He took up the work, material and ST. JOSEPn S CHURtll, XEWTOX. 3i8 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH spiritual, where his predecessor had been forced to discontinue it. What with the contributions of his own people and with assist- ance from other parishes through the diocese, he shortly com- pleted the church in all its details, and found ample time to instruct and console his flock at home and abroad. The rectory, too, that nestled so snugly in the meadow close to the church, was the result of his activity and zeal, and this, be it remembered, when Catholics had anything but plethoric purses. Father McKay's residence in Newton was productive of the greatest good. While entirely loyal and true to his own Church, he had consideration and toleration for views opposed to it, and thus, while winning the confidence and love of his own people, he secured to himself the respect of non-Cathohcs. In July, 1861, his superior removed him to Orange, N. J., and among those who regretted his departure were numbered the respectable members of every church in the town. His place was taken (I may say entirely filled) by the Rev. Edward McCosker. He came tresh from the ecclesiastical semi- nary, with the oils of ordination yet damp upon his brow. He carried, therefore, to his spiritual harvest fields a zeal and a love that nerved him to heroic \york. Buoyant in disposition, perse- vering in determination, winning in manner, and blessed with a constitution of vigor and activity. Father McCosker had all the invaluable requisites as well for a mountain missionary as for a home rector. All these served an excellent purpose. With an eye to the outlying districts, in 1863 he purchased a lot of land from the Fowler estate for a future church edifice. Subscriptions were raised with little ado, and in the following year the church was built and dedicated by the Rt. Rev. J. R. Bayley, under the title of the Immaculate Conception. Later on the same zeal led him to erect churches at Hacketts- town and Oxford Furnace, in Warren County. The crowning material work of Father McCosker's adminis- tration was the location of the present excellent and ample brick church fronting on Halsted Street ; its corner-stone was laid in the summer of 1870. A man less courageous than Father McCosker and less trustful in the blessing of God upon his work never would have presumed to enter upon this large task. But his people were generous even beyond their means, and many and respectable contributions from different parts of the country found their charitable way to the building fund. Thus the work went bravely on, and was gradually carried to an elegant finish. The imposing scene of the church's dedication was witnessed the 1st of September, 1872. And in quick succession then sprang into existence a handsome and commodious rectory convenient to the church. All this is only the material and tangible ; great though it be, yet greater (because higher its aim) work was done in the spiritual order. The spark of faith was nursed and became a sacred flame, IN NPW JERSKY 319 impartint;" warmth and vigor to the spiritual life, and though un- fortunately not a few were lost to tlie laith o\ their i'atheis through negligence or wilfulness, yet such a loss was jjerliaiis (|uite com- pensated for by the earnestness of the old residenters and the devotion of their children and followers. Nineteen years were passed by Father McCosker in Newton. llis worfcs and his good name are after him, while remembrance of his kindness and his good tleeds lingers about every Catholic hearthstone in all the region round. In July, 1880, he was removed to Rahwa)-, N. J. Father G. W. Corrigan was the next incumbent of the par- ish. His pastorate, tht)ugh short, was filled with works of apos- tolic zeal and practical deeds. The mission chapel of St. Monica, at Deckertown, was the result of bis industr\- and love for souls. It was said that it was owing to this Rev. Father's missionar}' spirit that the Hon. Judson Kilpatrick became attracted to the Catholic Church, on whose peaceful bosom he was laid to rest. This brilliant cavalry leader wlio distin- guished himself in the Ci\'il W'ar, was born near Decker- town, N. J., January 14th, 1836. He took an active part in the battles of Gett)'sburg, was severely wounded at Re- saca, and ably seconded Sher- man in his " Ride to the Sea," and commanded a division of cavali'y in the military tlivision of Mississippi in 1865. He was a brave, daring, and efficient officer, in whom his superiors placed the fullest confidence, and idolized by his soliliers. He died in Valparaiso, Chili, to which govern- ment he had l^een ap])ointed Minister by President Jt)hnson and afterward by President Garfield, March, 1881. His wife was of Spanish origin, of the family of Valdivieso. It was at his sugges- tion and largely by his efforts that St. Monica's Church was built in Deckertown. He was received into the Catholic Church a short time before his death, which occurred December 4th, 1881. B)' this time St. Joseph's, at Newton, became a parent church. A large number of Catholics in the \'icinit\' of P'ranklin Furnace justified the erection of that mission into an independent parish, and in 1881 Rev. A. M. Kanimer was a])pointed its first resident rector; as outposts for exercising his miiusti')' he had the neighboring missions of Ogdensburg and Dcckeitown. Ogdens- burg was yet in its primitive innocence of a church building. (a-;x. jcDsox kili-airick. 320 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH One was called for, its erection was undertaken in May, 1881, and, under the masterly supervision of the rev. rector, before the snows of that year began to fly, the Church of St. Thomas Aquinas lifted its summit in worship to Almighty God. After three and one-half years of successful labor Father Kammer was removed and gave place to the Rev. J. H. Hill. It is small praise to say of Father Hill that he was devoted to his work and self-sacrificing in its performance ; he was eminently so, and therefore, among a people as appreciative as those of the Franklin parish, he secured more than ordinary success. Among the other excellent works of Father Corrigan's pas- torship at Newton was the establishment of a parochial school in that town. But directly upon its opening, in September, 1881, he was transferred to the more important parish of Short Hills, Essex County. For the two months immediately following the removal of Father Corrigan, the parish was under the zealous care of Rev. A. M. Shaeken. A rector was appointed in November, 1 881. When the Rev. M. A. McManus took charge, he was pleased to find a well-ordered parish. He had merely to continue his work on the lines laid down by wiser heads. Perhaps it may modestly be remarked that pastoral work, during the present rectorship, has not been entirely neglected, nor have the general interests of the parish been quite lost sight of. The advent of the Sisters of Charity, in September, 1886, while increasing the excellence of the school, gave certainty to its permanence. And thus, in the flush of present great and future greater Church prosperity, there is every reason for gratitude to God. " Paul planted, Apollo watered, but God gave the increase." Always a humanizer and , civilizer, the Catholic Church is ever making her holy influence felt ; beneficent and active, vice- reproving and virtue -encouraging in high places, she is not less so in more modest spheres. In its love for justice and its apprecia- tion of honest endeavors, the world is growing better and fairer. Calumny and prejudice against such a benefactor of the human race as the Catholic Church has always shown itself to be are quite disappearing. Bugaboo stories against the priesthood and Catholicity, that flourished and frightened children of larger growth, have only a very slender circulation; and "fair play," the honorable mark of Americanism, calls for the free exercise of a religion once jeered at and for the respectful consideration of opin- ions or truths once antagonized. All this is as it should be. In such conditions progress and prosperity may be within the grasp of every band of religionists, and smiling peace and godly charity will draw men closer to- gether in the bonds of human brotherhood and heavenly father- hood. Father McManus was succeeded by the Rev. John Baxter, who labored in Newton from November, 1890, to June 26th, 1898. At this period the parish school was closed, as the burden was IN NEW JERSEY 321 greater than the parish could bear. The Rev. Walter Tallon took charge of the parish June 26th, 1898, and remained until; Febru- ary 14th, 1901, when he was succeeded by the Rev. James J. Mulhall. Father Mulhall was born in Morristown, and made his entire classical and theological course at Seton Hall. His first and only assignment was St. Joseph's Church, Newark, where he served as assistant until called upon by his late pastor, the pres- ent bishop, to take up the burden of the pastorate. The flock remains as devoted and as responsive to its pastor as ever. St. Mary's Church, Pleasant Mills. One of the oldest Catholic missions in our State is St. Mary's, Pleasant Mills, of which records are found in the Catholic Directory as early as 1833, when it was attended by the Rev. James Cum- miskey, from Philadelphia; and from that time until the incoming of Bishop Bayley it was attended by priests from Philadelphia, among them Fathers P. Kenny, Richard B. Harding, R. Waters, J. A. Miller, W. Loughran, B. Rolando, Hugh Lane, and others. A writer says of it: "The old ruin still stands, though no hu- man habitation now exists within many miles. An ocean vessel, stranded on the beach, gave occasion to its erection, but the con- gregation, attracted by the more powerful inducements of the interior, gradually moved away. Most of their descendants, from necessary clerical inattendance, have lost the faith. The Bradleys, Murphys, Lees, and others of Gloucester, Burlington, and Mercer counties are instances. This church must have been built not long after the settlement of Newark in 1666. It is now attended from Egg Harbor City. St. John's Church, Orange. • It is regrettable that repeated efforts to obtain from the proper sources reliable information concerning the foundation of St. John's parish have been made without success, and hence recourse must be had to the directories and register of the clergy for the little light obtainable. It appears that the Catholics in the early days were compelled to walk to Newark, generally to St. Patrick's, from which church they were attended. Father Senez secured the site on which was erected the first frame church. The name of the Rev. Terence Kieran appears in the Directory of 1 854, after- ward in Paterson and died in Plainfield, and from that year until 322 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH REV. JAMES JI'KAY. 1858 the title of the church is St. lynatius. In 1855 the Rev. Robert Ilubbersty, a Yorlvshiie man, coming from the Diocese of Salforcl, was in charge of the parish. Ife had a magnificent voice, which he used with good effect in the Tenebrae services in the catliedral, but was eccentric and odd in his manner. He usually rode ahorseback, with a short cloak o\-er his shoulders, beneath which the wind, as it W(juld occasionally toss it aside, would i-e\'eal a glaring red shirt. In his hand a short cane, in the English fashion, he would ride over the side- walk to the tloor of the bish- <:)p's house, and, without dis- UKJunting, ring the bell and announce his presence. In 1856 the Rev. James Murray took charge and remained until 1861, when he was succeeded by the Rev. James McKay. Father McKay was ordained to the priest- hood in Dublin, September 13th, 1857, arrived in New York, No- vember 4th, 1857, and was appointed j^astor of Newton, November 15th, 1857. His wit and eloc|uence won the hearts of all, not only of his own, but even of the non-Cath(jlics. He was an ardent tem- perance advocate, and when he spoke on this live topic there was no auditorium spacious enough to accommodate his audience ; even the court-house was filled long before the hour, and many had to lea\'e disappointed because they could not obtain entrance. He did much good in this ethical field, and by his clear and eloquent statement of Catholic doctrine from the pulpit removed long-e.\ist- ing prejudices and conciliated the bitter o^iposition to the Church which had long pre\'ailed in the county seat of Susse.x. During the Ci\'il War he strongly opposed the enlistment of the Irish immigrant, and while on a visit to Ireland he wrote a series of strong articles under a i)en name which gave great offence to the United States Government, Bishop Ba)dey accused him of the authorship, and on his admission of the charge removed him from the parish. He died a few years ago in Ireland. In 1865 the Rev. Edward M. Hickey, who had been Prefect and Vice-President IN NEW JKRSKY ,123 of Seton Hall, and several yeais an assistant at St. Tatrick's Cathedral, Newark, was ])r()ni()led to the pastorate ol ( )i"ange. Father Hickey was of a jileasant and winsome disposition, made man)' friends, and stooti high in the esteem of his superiors, but was a failure as a financial manager. 1 le built the present stone church and I'ectorv, and invol\-ed the parish in an immense debt, under which it has ever since been staggering, fn May, 1873, the Rev. W. M. Wigger, of Madison, in obedience to the wishes of Bishop ST. JOHN'S ( lll'KC.H, OUAXOE, Corrigan, undertook the forlorn hope of bringing order out of chaos; but in a few months, after paying off $11,000, he resigned. In March, 1874, the Rev. Hugh l\ Fleming, assistant at the 324 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH cathedral, was appointed to the very difficult position of pastor of St. John's Church, Orange, with its debt of a quarter of a million " (RcX'^'^t''' of llie Clergy). With this bui'dcn heather Fleming has been struggling manfully up to the present, and )'et imiiroN'enients have been made— the church spire built, the installing of a new organ, and the erection of the magnificent Columbus School. Truly the Catholics of Orange deserve well of the Church, for through all their adversities they have not lost heart, but con- tinue to win the admiration of all by their faith and pluck. The Church of St. Rose of Lima, Freehold. Freehold was first attended as a mission about the year 1854 from Princeton, N. J., by the Rev, John Scollard, and shortly after a frame church, 25 by 40 feet, was erected and blessed under the patronage of St. Rose of Lima, and hence the corporate title. In July, 1857, Father Scollard was succeeded by the Rev. Alfred Young, the pastor of St. Paul's, Princeton, who in turn was suc- ceeded by the Rev. J. J. J. O'Uonnell. In July, 1867, the Rev. Thomas R. Moran took charge and attended Freehold until Janu- ary gth, 1 871, when the Rev. Frederick Kivilitz was sent to Free- hold as resident pastor. In the same year F"ather Kivilitz bought a parsonage, and in 1875 he opened a parochial school. In 1878 he built a brick and terra-cotta church at Jamesburg; one at Hillsdale (now Bradevelt) ; in 1879 one at Colt's Neck and one at Perrinesville. In 1882 he built a new brick and terra-cotta church at Freehold. Bradevelt and Jamesburg are now separate missions with their respective pastors. Tlie assistant priests of this mis- sion are the Revs. Patrick McCarren, Peter J. Kelly, John A. Craham, P. H. Gardner. The Rew A. T. Ouinlan is the assistant at present. St. Francis de Sales' Church, Lodi. This mission was estab- lished by P'ather Senez as ST. FRANCIS IJE SALES, LODI. "' i .1 i i early as 1854, and the church is probably the oldest Catholic church in Bergen County. St. F"rancis de Sales' Church was attended from Paterson and IN NEW jKRSKY 325 other centres until 1897, when in the month of May the Rev. Joseph Ascheri was appointed first resident pastor. He built the rectory and put the church in proper condition. The member- ship is small, as the parish does not seem to grow. It has been thought inath'isable as )'et t(i build a school. Near by, at Hasbrouck Heights, is a mission opened some years ago by the Rt. Rev. Monsignor Sheppard, V.G., then pastor of Passaic, who built a church which bears the name Corpus Christi, Our Lady of Mercy, Whippany. The making of paper has been carried on in Whippany for almost a century. An ever-flowing spring of the purest water imparts a qualit)' to the paper and a depth and richness to colored papers which ha\-e made them famous and mar- ketable. In the middle of the last century Daniel Cogh- lan, ( if blessed memor}', ac- quired possession of the okl mills and moved hither from Springfield. Around this man of God clustered a good number of Catholics who were emplo)'etl in the mill, and in 1854 the corner-stone of the Church of Our Lady of Mere)' was laid by Bishop Bayle}'. Untoward circum- stances delayed its comple- tion until 1857, when it was dedicated to the service of God under the patronage of his blessed Mother The leadmg spirit of the congregation, its mainsta)', its sexton who would allow none other to prepare the altar, ser\'e the priest, and perform the dozen and one little ser\'ices around the sanctuar)', was Daniel Coghlan. "Honest" Dan Coglilan was he known far and wide b)' his own and b}- the host outside of his church. Quiet, unassuming, retiring, he was i-arel)' seen to smile, rarely heard to talk. In a word, he was a godl)', God-fearing man, the perfect type of what a Christian layman should be. His wife, ST. MARY S CrmKCll, WHH'I'ANV. 3-6 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH a sister of the late Bishop Byrne of Arlcansas, was a worthy helpmate, cooperating with him in all works of charity and dis- pensing with him a lavish hospitality. Both have long since gone t(_) their reward. The mission was attended from Mad- ison until 1881, when it was attached to Morristown. July 13th, 1883, Morris Plains and Whippany were separated from Mor- ristown and erected into a mission, with the Rev. James J. Brennan as pastor. Father Brennan was a child of St. Patrick's, Newark, in which parish he was reared, although born in Ireland, March ist, 1850. His preparatory studies were made in St. Charles, Md., and completed in Seton Hall, from which he was graduated in the class of '72. He was for a brief time chaplain of St. Elizabeth's Convent, the mother house of the diocesan Sisters of Charity, and assistant in Camden, St. Joseph's, Jersey City, and St. John's, Paterson. He was promoted to the Church of the Sacred Heart, Newark, in 1892, and died there March 20th, 1897. Plis successor was the Rev. A. M. Egan, and after him the present rector, the Rev. James T. Brown. For a short «'hile a Catholic school was taught, but the num- ber of children in the mission did not warrant the outlay. There is a cemetery, in which repose the remains of the founder of the parish and its best benefactor. St. Nicholas's, Church, Passaic, N. J. Previous to 1855 the Catholics of Passaic, Lodi, and the sur- rounding country were obliged to go to Paterson to hear Mass. In that year Father Senez, i^sj.'i :jhi:^t:.':'-:'.ii FIRST CIIUI' Schandel erected of St. John's, Paterson, built a frame church m Lodi, a village two miles and a half from Passaic, and this church the Pas.saie Catholics attend- ed until they became able to erect a church of their own. This happy event took [ilace in 1868, when the Rev. John Schandel was appomtetl rector. Pather a frame building on Prospect Street where now stands the Passaic Club. Father Schantlel remained [lastor until the fall of 1873, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Louis IN NEW JKRSl.Y 327 Schneider, Father Schneider was a nati\'e i)f Alsace — a I^^ench- man, he insisted on calHng himself — and was born November 2d, 1S23. He entered the Society of Jesus, was a member of the staff of Fordham Colle.ne in 1859, and afterward taught phil- ST. NICHOLAS CllLReU AM) KIXTOKV, I'ASSAIC. osophy in St. I-^rancis Xa\'ier's College, New York, and was of the three Fathers who are regarded as the founders of the Xa\'ier Alumni Sodality. He left the society in 1866, and was temporarily in charge of St. John's Church, Newark. He was afterward appointed to the chair of dogmatic and moral theol- ogy in the diocesan Seminary, for which his studies and rare talent of imparting knowledge so admirably fitted him. In connection witli his pr(jfessorial work he attended, as has been seen, to the Milburn mission. With the intellectual treasures ol a well-stored mmd he com- bined a wide experience of men, gleaned from his labors as a Jesuit. A great teacher, a profoimd thinker, a wise guide, he was also a charming companion, a firm friend, and a generous host. Father Schneider, in November of the same )ear, opened the [larochial school, wdiich was entrusted to the Sisters of Charit)'. In 1874 he purchased the jiresent site of the church and rectory. In December, 1875, the church was destr())-ed b\' fire — the work of incendiaries it was thought ; and an effort to dispose of the property, in order to build on the new site, failed for lack of a purchaser. Passaic, then, was little more than a village, witli a 328 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH few thousand inhabitants. The wildest dreamer could- not have presaged its rapid growth and present prosperity. Perforce, the Catholics were obliged to rebuild the old church, which was a strange combination of church, rectory, and school. In April, 1876, the Spencer Academy property on Howe Ave- nue was purchased, and the school, which had outgrown the ac- commodations furnished in the church building, was removed thither. In August, 1884, Father Schneider died and the Rev., John A. Sheppard was appointed his successor. With characteristic energy Father Sheppard set to work to build a house of worship worthy of the growing importance of the town and congregation. In the face of great difficulties and discouragements he succeeded in erecting a church and rectory which together cost in the neigh- borhood of ^80,000. In 1886 he purchased a residence for the sisters for ^6,000, and in 1892 he purchased a plot of ground at the corner of Hamilton Avenue and Washington Place and erected thereon a school building at a total cost of ^20,000. In 1896 he opened a hospital in the rear of the school, and in 1 897 he built the present admirable St. Mary's Hospital. On April 6th, 1898, Father Sheppard was transferred to St. Michael's parish, Jersey City, and Rev. Thomas J. Kernan, of St Cecilia's Church, Kearney, was appointed his successor. Father Kernan was born at Hamil- ton, Scotland, January 6th, 1858, and made his preparatory studies in Villanova College, Pa., and his theological studies in Seton Hall Seminary, where he was ordained May igth, 1883. His ministry was exercised in St. Michael's, the Cathedral, and St. James's, Newark, and on September ist, 1893, he was appointed to the new parish of Kearney. He built the church of St. Cecilia, and left the parish in a prosperous condition. Father Kernan added to the church property a plot of ground on Jefferson Street, 150 by 150 feet, at a cost of ^9,500. On this ground, in 1902, he erected a convent (^25,000) for the sisters who teach in the parochial school. In igoo he purchased eigh- teen acres in Lodi Borough for $14,000, to be used as a cemetery. This land adjoins the old St. Nicholas Cemetery and is admirably suited for the purpose. The following are the priests who have been assistants at St. Nicholas's: the Revs. C. Mundorf, M. J. Hickey, John McHale, Joseph Ali, William J. O'Gorman, James H. Brady, Henry Connery, Daniel S. Clancy, William F. Grady, James F. Mackinson, Thomas E. O'Shea, and at present Michael J. McGuirk and William V. Dunn. IN NEW JJ.RSKY 329 St. Peter's Church, Newark. The Rev. Martin Hasslingcr left tlie cnngregation of tlie Re- demptorists and was receixed in tlie IJiocese of Newarlv in the summer of 1854, taking upliis residence temporarily in St. Peter's, Jersc)' Cit)'. He was called to Newark, February loth, 1855, and appointed \-icar-genei-al of the Germans. The little church, be- gun on liSelmunt A\-eniie in 1854, was blessed by Father Hasslinger and placed under the patr(.>nage of St. Peter, February 2d, 1855. On Oc- tober 20th, 1854, the Re\-. Godfried Prieth, born at Graun, in the Tyrol, ai'rived in the diocese. He had made his studies at Brixen, and ex- ercised his minist]-)' three )'ears in Schwartz. 1 le acted as assistant to Father Hass- linger from March 7th, 1855, until his appointment to the rectorshij) of St. Peter's, May nth, 1855. The whole slope which marks the west- ern section of Newark was fifty )-ears ago an imbroken wooddand. Through this the Springfield road, a continua- tion of Market Street, ex- tended into the farm lands and pastures of the interim-. A wide clearing to the right of this road on the hilltop was known then as "Stump- town," and here bather I lass- linger started the little mission. ST. PETrK S CIU'KCII, XEWAKK. Here P'ather Prieth gave to the Catholics twenty-six )'ears of unselfish energ)', not only upbuild- ing religion, but contributing to the material ])ros[X'rity ol his flock by encouragement to thrift and insistence on their building and owning their homes. With his ceaseless care and zeal the 33° THK CATHOLIC CHURCH congregation grew rapidly, so rapidly that a new church became necessary. On November nth, 1861, the vicar-general of the diocese, Father McQuaid, laid the corner-stone of the present church, which was dedicated October 27th, 1862. Father Prieth opened the first school in the basement of the old church, and taught the little ones of his flock until the resources of the congregation justified his emplo)'ing lay teachers. In 1864 the Sisters of Notre Dame were introduced in the parish and took charge of the kindergarten, school, and orphanage. In 1876 Father Prieth celebrated the silver jubilee of his priesthor. Subset|uentl)' he founded the parish of St. Augustine's, Andover, Mass., and ix-mained in charge of that parish until his lamented death, whicli occurred in 1869. After his departure t(j St. Augustine's the chapel was attended as an outpost by the priests of that community for many )'ears. ST. NICHOLAS CHURCH , ATLAXTLC crrV. The names of Father Mark Crane, Dr. Stanton, l^'ather Peter Crane, and Father Coleman are still lovingly remembered by the Catholics of Atlantic Cit)'. About a year before a resident pastor was aijpointed, heather Coleman, at the request of the congregation, consented to cele- 23^ THE CATHOLIC CHURCH brate Mass every Sunday and holyday at St. Nicholas' Chapel. This was not done without considerable inconvenience, as he was obliged to celebrate the six o'clock Mass at St. Augustine's, Phila- delphia, and afterward take the train for Atlantic City in order to celebrate another Mass for the people of that place. In 1880 Father J. J. Fedigan, O.S.A., was appointed resident pastor, and during his term of eighteen years the material growth of Atlantic City was reflected in the advancement of Catholic interests. The church was not large enough to accommodate the people during the summer months, and Father Fedigan purchased a new and more desirable site at the corner of Pacific and Tennessee avenues, and had the church removed there. It was also enlarged to a seating capacity of over one thousand persons. Later on it became necessary to fit up the basement to provide room for another thousand. A splendid new parochial residence was built, also a little chapel for week-day use during the winter months, but which became a most attractive place of retreat for the devout faithful at all times of the year. All these improvements cost approximately ^50,000. As the city grew in extent, a large lot in the southern district, at the corner of Atlantic and California avenues, was bought in 1885 and a capacious church erected thereon, dedicated under the title of St. Monica in the summer of 1887. This was under the care of the Augustinian Fathers until 1893, when Rt. Rev. Bishop O'Farrell decided to establish a permanent parish in the care of the diocesan clergy. Rev. P. J. Petri was appointed first rector and has been in charge of the par- ish ever since. In December, 1896, St. Monica's Church was entirely destroyed by fire, but through the energy of the pastor a new church was soon erected and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin underthe title' of " Star of the Sea." In 1898 Father Fedigan was elected Provincial of the Augus- tinian Order in this country, and he left the scene of his many labors to take up his residence at Bryn Mawr, Pa., and the- Rev. J. F McShane, O.S.A., was appointed pastor of St. Nicholas' Church. Soon after his arrival the building of a new and more substantial church was determined upon, which would be more in accordance with the handsome structures in course of erection in various parts of the city. The lot at the corner of Tennessee and Pacific avenues had to be cleared ; the clergy house had to be removed ; the ground had to be prepared for this ; a twenty-five-foot lot had to be purchased IN NKW JI^RSKY 333 to make t)ic space large enougii fur the liouse. The chapel was likewise reniox-etl. All this cost (|uite $16,000 <")f this, ;jii2,ooo has been raised, mostly from seat moiie)- aiul entertain nieiits. This $12,000 with tlie $33,000 on hand means that $45,000 has been raised over and abo\-e cnrrent expenses since the new church was first mentioned three )'ears ago. Parish of the Immaculate Conception, Camden, N. J. On the square bounded by Broadway, Market, Se\'enth, and Federal streets, in the heart of Camden, stand the I\.oman Cath- olic Church of the fmmaculate. Conce])tii)n, its rector}', school, THE I.M.MACCLATE COM ]:i''llliX (lU'Kl.ll .AND I'ARlSIl JU'ILlllNG. and l)'eeum building, ft has perhajis a larger membership than any other chm'ch in Camden, and it is the largest Catholic con- gregation in the State south and west of Trenton. The begin- ning of the congregation dates back o\'er filt_\' \'eai"s. I^efore the erection of a cliui'ch the haiidful ot Catholics oi the \'icinit)' wor- shipped respecti\-ely in the okl City Hall, in the residence of the late Mr. Ifeni"y M. funis, Ihidge A\'cnue, or in Starr's I lall, 15ridge Avenue, under the l\e\-. fC J. \\'aldi-ou, who had for successors several other clergymen fi-om Gloucester and I'hiladelphia. The settlement was erected into a sejiarate jiarish, November nth, 1855, and it was placed in charge of lxe\'. James Moran, the first resident pastor. The first church, "The Immaculate Conception 334 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH of the Blessed Virgin," was built on land purchased from W. D. Cooper, Esq., at Fifth Street and Taylor Avenue, in 1857, and it was dedicated by the Rt. Rev. James Roosevelt Bayley, D.D., November sth, 1859. In June, 1861, the first parish house was built. When Father Byrne came to Camden to take charge of the parish of the Immaculate Conception, June, 1863, the church at Fifth Street and Taylor Avenue was deemed amply large for the congregation. In addition there were chapels at Snow Hill, Fel- lowship, and Waterford, with small and much-scattered congrega- tions which were attended at intervals by the pastor at Camden. As there was no Catholic cemetery nearer than Gloucester or Philadelphia, to provide one seemed to be a special necessity; to this question therefore did the young pastor give his first attention. At the junction of Westfield Turnpike and Federal Street, just two miles east of the Market Street Ferry, he found a plot of ground containing 8yW acres, which he secured for ^3,588 from William B. Cooper, Esq., a part of which was laid out in plots and consecrated with the prayers of the Church, and there for nearly forty years the Catholics of Camden and vicinity have laid to rest the bodies of departed relatives and friends. In the early fifties to insult a Catholic on the public street was not considered by the bigots — and there were many of them — an unmanly act, and when in 1852 the hall in which Mass was offered up was burnt by the Native American Party the act received a scant condemnation from many. The Cooper and Starr families were pronounced in their spirit of fair dealing toward Catholics, and when Mr. Starr was reminded that he was letting his hall for Catholic worship, he gave the bigots such a stinging rebuke that they could not mistake his meaning. In the sixties the conditions had somewhat improved, owing, no doubt, to the better under- standing of Catholics and of the influence of their religion on pub- lic morals. This was brought about in a great measure by the giant at the helm. The Rev. Patrick Byrne foresaw Camden's future and ex- pressed his dissatisfaction with the limited quarters at Taylor Ave- nue and Fifth Street, and he succeeded in purchasing from the Cooper estate the magnificent site at Broadway and Market Street. On May ist, 1864, the corner-stone of the present stone church was laid by the Rev. B. J. McQuaid, now Bishop of Rochester, N. Y., then Vicar-General of the Diocese of Newark, the name of the old church, " The Immaculate Conception of the IN NEW JERSEY 335 B. V. M.," being transferred to the new one. In 1872 the corner- stone of the new brick school and sisters' house was laid, but be- fore its finish Father Byrne was called away to take charge of St. John's Church, Trenton, and was succeeded by the Rev. Peter Fitzsimmons, June, 1873, whose pastorate of over twenty-three years witnessed Camden's advance from a scattering settlement to a grand city of over 70,000 inhabitants. Father Byrne, before his departure, accomplished three great works: he secured the present magnificent site of the church, organized a temperance society which still lives in a flourishing condition, and founded a building-loan association, which has enabled most of the members of the parish to own their own homes ; and although it has been in existence over thirty years, and in that time thousands upon thousands of dollars have passed through the hands of the treasurer, not one penny has ever been lost or misappropriated — a memorable record in these days. Under Father Fitzsimmons's pastorate the school was finished, the brothers' house erected, the rectory enlarged, the church finished and beautified and freed of debt, and on May 28th, 1893, the church was solemnly consecrated, a ceremony allowed only when the building is free from debt. In consideration of his merits and successful labors Father Fitzsimmons was raised to the dignity of dean of the six counties of South Jersey, and his parish was created into a missionary or permanent rectorate, entitling the pastor to the privilege of irremovability. The Very Rev. Dean Fitzsimmons died August ist, 1896, and was succeeded, October 23d of the same year, by the Rev. B. J. Mulligan, who was also made dean of the district and permanent rector of the Church of the Immaculate Conception. The excellent financial condition of the parish warranted the Very Rev. Dean Mulligan to add still further to the parish buildings, and at the earnest solicitation of the parishioners, expressed in a largely attended meeting, plans were prepared for a new building, to be used espe- cially as a parish building, a lyceum, and a home for the church societies. The corner-stone was laid, June 28th, 1896, by the Rt. Rev. James A. McFaul, D.D., bishop of the diocese, in the pres- ence of a large concourse of people. About twenty clergymen from neighboring parishes were present and took part in the cere- monies. The lyceum was completed and dedicated January 9th, 1 897, Governor Griggs, ex- Attorney-General of the United States, being one of the speakers. The lyceum has since been the scene 336 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH of many of the social events of Camden, and some of the most eminent and talented men of the country have spoken from its platform. St. Joseph's Church, Jersey City. The construction of the Erie Railroad tunnel through Bergen Hill brought many Catholic laborers to that neighborhood, and to make provision for them Father Kelly deputed Father Coyle, his assistant, to build a church. It was a small frame structure, and placed under the patronage of St. Bridget, June, 1856, and was_ located on what was then called Clinton, now Hopkins, Avenue. The Rev. Aloysius Venuta, before the completion of the church, was appointed pastor. Father Venuta was born in Nicosia, Sicily, January 3d, 1823, and was educated in the theological seminary of Palermo. He became involved in the political disturbances of '48 and was under police surveillance. He meditated and planned his escape. With apparent indignation he called on the chief of police and energetically protested against the espionage placed over him. This official was profuse in his apologies and relaxed his vigi- lance long enough for Father Venuta to take a boat in the night and board a bark that was about to sail for America. Landing in New York, he went on a Sunday morning to old St. Stephen's Church, then standing on the site of the present Madison Square Garden, to hear Mass. The pastor. Dr. Cummings, was often forced to heroic measures to obtain from his flock the wherewith to carry on the work of the parish. This Sunday he locked the doors of the church and in vigorous language told the congrega- tion what he wanted, and assured them that they could not leave till he obtained it. This procedure and the unusual animation of Dr. Cummings's language so terrified Father Venuta, who knew not a word of English, that he jumped out of the open window and escaped the peril which he thought menaced him. He spent three years with the Rev. Sylvester Malone, at Williamsburg, as curate ; and then entered the Diocese of Newark, officiating as assistant in the cathedral ; during the absence of Father Cauvin in Europe, in Our Lady of Grace, Hoboken; and for a brief period in St. John's, Paterson. As the little congregation grew m numbers he looked around for a location for a new church. He fixed upon Baldwin Avenue as the new site, and erected a small church with a pastor's resi- dence and a house for the Sisters of Charity on either side. Here he labored for some years, holding great sway among the men IN NKW JKRSEY 337 engaged at that time on tlie tunnel by Messrs. SeynioLu- and Mallory, the fiist eontractors. Hundreds of times he was called from his bed in the dead of night to tiuell the lioting among them, nearly al\va)'s with good effect, but often at great risk tip the parish, for practically everything had to be done. Without a peer as an admin- istrator, Bishop Wigger was convinced that he was the man to grapple with the burden of debt left by Mon- signor De Concilio. It was long the declared policy of the Monsignor that he did not intend to leave his suc- cessor nothing to do. F'ather Sheppard has greatly reduced the debt, decorated and embellished the church with painted windows, marble pulpit, etc. On the promotion of Bishop O'Connor to the See of Newark, Father Sheppard was appointed vicar-general. P"ew were siu'prised at the honor conferred upon him, for his past services in the Church entitled him to distinction, and his ability fitted him for the responsibility. On October 18th, 1903, he was vested with the purple of Domestic Prelate, the first con- ferred on any priest by our present Holy P^ather, Pius X. The ceremonies were very elaborate. Over thirty clergymen, all distinguished in tlie work of the Church, took part. Bishop O'Connor, who earlier in the day had dedicated the completed RT. KE\'. MOXSIGXOR .SHEPI'ARI), Seventh Vicar-Oeneral. IN NEW JERSEY 347 portion of St. Mary's Church, at Erie and Second streets, arrived at St. Michael's rectory at 2:30 p.m., and there met the specially invited clergy, who included the Rt. Rev. Monsignors George H. Doane, Chancellor of the Newark Diocese; John A. O'Grady of New Brunswick; and John A. Stafford, President of Seton Hall College; also the Very Rev. Dean Flynn of Morristown, Very Rev. P. A. Smyth, Rev. John J. Ryan of St. Bridget's, Rev. John A. Sullivan of St. Aloysius's, Rev. Joseph A. Meehan of All Saints', Rev. Thomas Quinn of St. Paul of the Cross, Rev. Father Justin of the Passionist Fathers, West Hoboken, Very Rev. Dean Robert A. Burke of Princeton, Rev. John Brady of South Amboy, Rev. Joseph Nardiello of Bloomfield, Rev. A. M. Egan of Plainfield, Rev. G. W. Corrigan of Newark, Rev. Father Brennan of Trenton, Rev. Isaac P. Whelan of Bayonne, Rev. Charles J. Kelly of Hoboken, Rev. Eugene Carroll of Newark, Rev. Dr. D. J. Callahan, Rev. F. P. McCue, Rev. J. F. Mooney, and Rev. C. J. Mackel, all of Seton I-lall College; Rev. Father Fox of St. Peter's, Rev. Father Aigner, S.J., Rev. Father Chle- bowski of Passaic, Rev. Father Dickovitch of Paterson, Rev. Joseph Dunn of Irvington, Very Rev. Dean McNulty of Pater- son, and others. Bishop O'Connor was assisted in the investiture of Monsignor Sheppard by the Very Rev. Dean Flynn and the Rev. Isaac P. Whelan. The choir, which had been largely augmented for the occasion, sang the Hallelujah Chorus from Handel's "Messiah," when Monsignor Sheppard emerged from the vestry to have the rochet and manteletta placed on him by the bishop. The scene was magnificently impressive. The altar, beautifully decorated with flowers, was illuminated with hundreds of candles. The scent of incense filled the air, and the prelates and priests in their rich vestments made the picture complete. Rev. Father Mackel, who at one time was a curate at St. Michael's, read the papal brief conferring the title of monsignor. The document was in Latin, but after reading it in that tongue. Father Mackel translated it into English for the benefit of the congregation. The brief in substance recited that the dignity of monsignor had been conferred upon the recipient because of his distinguished services in behalf of the Church and Christianity in general. Father Mackel's address, after reading the brief, took the form of a tribute to Monsignor Sheppard from the faculty of Seton Hall College, in testi- 348 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH mony of his worth as a priest and a Ufelong patron of edu- cation. "Father Sheppard," said the speaker, "has made his marlc so that he is looked up to not only by those who are his juniors, but by those who are his seniors as well." Bishop O'Connor's address was a glowing tribute to Monsignor Sheppard's life and work. In full it was as follows : It is my pleasant duty to make to you the official announce- ment of the honor our Holy Father, Pius X., has conferred on your worthy pastor, and to authorize the reading of the pontifical brief raising him to the dignity of a domestic prelate of the Pon- tifical Court. It is a gratifying thing that the newly elected Pontiff should bestow this dignity on one who has deserved so well of the Church in this diocese. I consider that the honor is not only a personal one to Father Sheppard, but that it redounds to the people of this parish, over which he has presided so ably since the death of your lamented first pastor, Monsignor De Concilio, and to the Diocese of Newark and its bishop, whom he assists by his wise counsel and energetic activity. To me it is specially gratifying because of the relations that exist between us, both personal and official. I first made F"ather Sheppard's acquaint- ance during our college days at Seton Hall more than thirty years ago. I learned to admire him for his talents, which I then recog- nized were above the ordinary. I learned to esteem and respect him — his qualities of heart were no less conspicuous than those of his mind, and all through the years of his priestly life I have looked upon him as the type of the true priest of Holy Church, fitted by nature and by grace for the work the Lord chose him to do, and doing that work ably and successfully, discharging the duties of his exalted state in a way that would not fail to meet with the approbation of his superiors. His successful administra- tion of the parishes to which he was sent, the high degree of efficiency to which he brought them, the excellent spiritual con- dition of his people — and, after all, this is the principal standard by which to test the worth of a parish priest — all proclaimed the priest whom God had chosen for the work of His vineyard, faith- ful to his calling, a model to his fellow-priests, a light and a guide to his people. More than a quarter of a century has passed since he became the anointed of the Lord and began his life's work, and the promises of his early priestly life have been faithfully realized. Time has only rendered more brilliant his gifts of mind and heart, while the grace of God has preserved in him the Christian humility and sense of lowliness without which the priest will never imitate his great model, the Eternal Priest Jesus Christ, whose representative he is and without whom he realizes he can do nothing. I speak these words not for his ears, but for yours. I know IN NEW JERSEY 349 full well that words of praise are distasteful to him, but I deem it fitting that on an occasion such as this is I should bear testimony before this congregation of the worth of him whom the Holy Father has honored. The dignity of domestic prelate does not, indeed, imply any new spiritual power such as is derived from the Sacrament of Holy Orders or any new power of jurisdiction. It is an honor that the Holy Father in the goodness of his heart bestows on a worthy priest, ranking him above his fellows in the priesthood and entitling him to certain privileges in the papal court from which the rank and file of the clergy are excluded, and which permit to him a nearer approach to the person of the sovereign pontiff. We are grateful to the Holy Father who has been pleased to honor us, and our loyalty and attachment to the centre of unity will be stronger because of it. The Holy Father we revere as Christ's vicar on earth. We receive his teachings as those of Christ himself. We obey him in spiritual matters because in him the plenitude of spiritual authority resides. He is the suc- cessor of Peter, to whom it was said : " On this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against her. Whatsoever thou shalt bind upon earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatsoever thou shalt loose upon earth shall be loosed in heaven." And we are grateful to him that his first official act directly affecting the Diocese of Newark has been the elevation of the vicar-general of the diocese to the rank of a prelate. In your name, in the name of the diocese, and in my own, I have extended to His Holiness our sentiments of grateful recognition of the honor. And while we all pray for Pius X. that the fulness of years to rule God's Church that was granted to his predecessors of happy memory may be accorded also to him, we at the same time supplicate the Throne of Grace that Monsignor Sheppard may wear the purple robes for many years with credit to himself and honor to the diocese, until it shall please God to translate him full of virtue and good works to his heavenly reward. Bishop O'Connor's talk concluded the investiture ceremonies, and immediately afterward he proceeded to confirm a class of over two hundred children and fourteen adults. The proceedings closed with the benediction of the Blessed Sacrament and the singing of the Te Deum. St. Benedict's Church, Newark. St. Benedict's Church, Newark, N. J., was founded June 28th, 1857, under the direction of the Rt. Rev. J. R. Bayley, who saw the necessity of ministering to the spiritual wants of the German Catholics who lived in the eastern section of the city. The Rev. Rupert Seidenbusch, O.S.B., who later on became 35° THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Bishop of St. Cloud, Minn., ministered to the little flock. As the fold increased it was found necessary to appoint a resident pastor in the person of I^ev. Benno Ilegele, O.S.B., who labored faithfully from 1864 to 1866. He was succeeded by the Rev. Bernardine Dolweck, O.S.B., whose pastorate ex- tended from 1866 to 1872. In that year the Rev. I^am- bert Kettner took up and con- tinued the good work till 1885. Through Father Lam- bert's zeal the present church was built. The Rev. Thecj- dosiiis Goth, O.S.B., followed and worked successfully till 1894. He built the spacious school and rectory. During his administration it was found necessary to gi\'e him an assistant priest, and the l^ev. Hugo Faff, O.S.B., was appointed as such. Since 1894 the Rev. Leonard Walter, O.S.B., has had charge of St. Benedict's Church, who was ably assisted during these years by Rev. Meinrad Hetz- inger, O.S.B., and Rev. Thomas Rosenberger, O.S.B. In 1897 the new school hall was erected. The Benedictine Sisters teach the 400 children in the school. ST. BENEDICT S CHURCH, NEU.VKK. Fort Hancock, Sandy Hook, N. J. The United States garrison has been attended by a ]iriest for many years, but by what priests it is impossible to ascertain until 1861. In that year the Re\'. Thomas A. Killeen, of Red Bank, visited the fort once a month. His successor, the Rev. J. Salami, continued these \'isits. The Rew Stanislaus Danielou, wlio was assigned to the charge of Manchester and near-by missions, Sep- tember 22(1, 1874, gave as much of his time and attention to the soldiers and the go\'ernment emplo)'ees as circumstances would permit. In July, 1879, the Rev. John J. F. O'Connor was gix-en charge of Atlantic Highlands and New Monmouth, and conse- IN NEW JERSEY 35-^ quently Fort Hancock. Father O'Connor was born in Ncwixirt, R. I., February 26th, 1843. St. Charles'.s Collcyv, St. Mary'.s, Baltimore, and Seton Hall were the institutions in which his classical and theolo<;'ical studies were made. He was ordained in Seton Hall and assigned to the cathedral, where lie was master of ceremonies, chaplain of St. Micliael's Hospital, and later pastor of St. Peter's, Belle\'ille. His cheerful rough-and-ready manner made him a great favorite with the soldiers and the liarcly fisher- men of that locality. He built the Church of Uur Lady of the Angels at New Monmouth, where he died Novenibei' 7th, 1894. In 1880 Bishop Corrigan administered confirmation at the fort. Fathers Fo.\ and Egan visited the post regularly until 1894, when Bishop O'Farrell, of Trenton, assigned I'^ather Lerche as resident pastor. The Rev. Robert E. Burke succeeded him in 1898, and at the outbreak of the Hispano-American W'ar did great work among the boys in khaki, preaching to them, instructing them, preparing them for the dangers of the field ; and, when the sick returned fever-strick- en and wounded, he was assid- uous in his care, going so far as to give over to them the tent which he used for divine service. His services were properly recognized b)- the commandant and b)' the de- partment. His successor in igoo was the Re\-. T. H. Allen, who still ministers to the flock, composed of about fi\e hun- dred Catholic soldiers, fifteen families, and fifty unmarried a:overnment workmen. Holy Family Church, Union Hill. The parish of the Holy Family was founded June 7th, 1857, by the venerable ?\ather Balleis, O.S.B., who ministered ''ik-'V!!Jk0i ."'"^fittSii HOLY FAHHTA', UNION HILL. 352 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH to the German Catholics on the Hill until December 24th, 1865. The mission was then taken over by the Passionist Fathers and attended by them until November, 1868, when the Rev. P. Vin- cent, C.P., took up his residence there. The Revs. Bernard Hehl, C.P., and George Basil, C.P., exercised their ministry successively until February 8th, 1884, when the present pastor, a secular priest, the Rev. J. N. Grieff, was appointed. Father Grieff was born at Eschweiler (Luxembourg), January 12th, 1855. His preparatory studies were made with the Jesuits in the pro-gymna- sium of Echternach and Tournhout, and his theological studies in the episcopal seminary of Verona, Italy, where he was ordained June iSth, 1878. His first field of missionary work was St. Boni- face's, Paterson, October, 1881 From 1857 to 1868 the congregation worshipped in tempo- rary quarters on the Hackensack Plankroad. The first church was erected in 1868 and the first school opened in 1872. In 1885 a new church was built at a cost of $75,000, and in 1897 the new school erected at a cost of $100,000. The assistant priests since 1885 were the Revs. John l^euland, John Weyland, John Huy- gens, Joseph Hasel, Vincent Hellstern, Anton Stein, Rudolph Hulsebusch, Joseph Herkert, Nicholas Espen, Peter Kurz, and B. Berto. Since 1902 Father Grieff is aided by the Passionist Fathers. St. Joseph's Church, Bound Brook, N. J. According to John Gilmary Shea, the first Mass was cele- brated in Bound Brook near the close of the summer of 1744. The celebrant of that Mass was the Rev. Theodore Schneider. Hence we must conclude that the number of Catholics in and around Bound Brook was considerable enough to attract the pres- ence of the holy missionary. No other fact of importance to Catholics is known from that time until the year 1858. In that year the church records began under the pastoral care of the Benedictines of St. Mary's Abbey, Newark, N. J. The first record of a baptism is that of John Kaiserauer, which took place on the loth day of July, 1858. The officiating priest was the Rev. Louis Fink, O.S.B., late Bishop of the Diocese of Leaven- worth, Kan. The first record of a marriage was that of John Spohn and Magdalena Eder, the ofificiating priest being as above, Bishop Fink. The Benedictines zealously fostered religion in the parish. IN NEW JERSEY 353 They gathered the Catholics of the neighborhood and gave them the opportunity to assist at the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass as often as possible. The people were poor and few. The best that could be done was to procure some Catholic dwelling wherein the people could assemble to assist at the divine mysteries. Accord- ingly we learn that Mass was celebrated for many years in the house of Joseph Prehm. It was celebrated also in the homes of Lawrence Wells and Edward Butler. As an instance of the love of the people for their holy faith, we see by the old record that the sum of ^51.50, a great sum for them at that time, was raised to purchase the necessary vestments that the divine services might be carried out as decorously as possible. The devotedness of the Benedictines and the faith of the people soon bore abun- dant fruit. In the year 1864 we see the little congregation weigh- ing the bold project of building a church and providing a perma- nent home for Our Lord among them. Subscriptions were called for. Every one worked enthusiastically, and in April, 1865, the congregation found itself in possession of a plot of ground for which it paid $400. With renewed courage the people prosecuted their pious undertaking, and on June 17th, 1866, they had the hap- piness of inviting the Rt. Rev. Bishop Bayley to lay the corner- stone of their new church. As near as can be ascertained now the little frame church cost $2,000. It was soon furnished with a new altar and all the other accessories of divine worship, and within its walls for twenty-five years the calm current of their religious life flowed on. Many noteworthy events took place within that humble church. There two young priests belonging to that parish said their first Mass. One was the Rev. Theodo- sius Goth, a worthy member of the great order of St. Benedict, the other was the Rev. James A. McFaul, now the Bishop of the Diocese of Trenton. The church was built during the incum- bency of Father Bernardine, O.S.B., but a great number of the Benedictine priests were at one time or another connected with St. Joseph's. Among the many priests who attended the congregation there is none whose memory is preserved with greater affection than that of good Father William Walter. In the year 1868 the Rt. Rev. Bishop Bayley, of the Diocese of Newark, sent the Rev. M. W. Kaeder to Raritan, giving him at the same time charge of the church at Bound Brook, thus withdrawing it from the Bene- dictines. Father Kaeder was succeeded in 1873 by the Rev. J. A. Marshall, a priest of the order of St. Dominic. Father Mar- 23 354 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH shall remained three years, and was succeeded by the Rev. J. J. Zimmer, in September, 1876. Up to this time the church in Bound Brook had been a mission attached to St. Bernard's Church in Raritan. Now for the first time it was to be an independent church, with its own resident pastor. The Rev. A. v. d. Bogaard was the first to be appointed to the place. He took charge in December, 1 876, and from that day to this the growth of the parish in every way has been remarkable. Father Bogaard's first work was to provide a pas- toral residence. After some difficulty he succeeded in purchasing the necessary grounds and erecting thereupon the neat, substan- tial, and commodious rectory of St. Joseph's Church of to-day. For six years he successfully prosecuted his labors in this parish, until the year 1882, when he was called by the late Bishop O'Far- rell to found the church in Somerville. His successor in Bound Brook was the Rev. John H. Fox, and during his short stay he reduced the debt of the church and made an excellent impression on the people. The Rev. James F. Devine was the next pastor of St. Joseph's, but his stay was shorter even than that of Father Fox. After only three months' service he was appointed assist- ant rector of the Church of the Sacred Heart, Trenton, and the Rev. B. T. O'Connell was sent as his successor. The new rector took charge August 4th, 1883. The debt of the church on his arrival was ^3,500. The buildings of the parish were a frame church and a rectory. The church was in a dilapidated condition, and, moreover, was fast becoming inadequate for the needs of the people. After paying off the debt, ways and means were provided for the building of a new church. The old church building was removed and fitted up as a school, and on its former site the present church was erected, at a cost of $22,000. It was solemnly dedicated to God on the 7th day of June, 1891, by the Rt. Rev. M. J. O'Farrell, Bishop of Trenton. The parochial school was the next measure of importance. It was thrown open to the children on the first day of September, 1893, under the charge of the Sisters of Mercy. The next thing of importance was to pro- vide a resting-place for the dead of the parish, and accordingly six acres of land were purchased and dedicated as a cemetery on November ist, 1893. This was the last public function of the beloved Bishop O'Farrell in Bound Brook. This church was now fully equipped with everything needed, and although the cost of these necessaries reached the great sum of $30,000, the original debt was increased by only $7,000. IN NEW JJ^RSEY 355 St. Joseph's Church, Mendham. The Catholics in Mendham were attended by Father McQuaid when he was pastor of Madis(.)n. Tiie church pivjperty was bou!;"ht b)' him and he was aljoiit erectiny the church, when he was summoned by Bishop Bayley t(.) the pastorate of the cathe- dral. The Rev. William McNulty, chaplain of St. Elizabeth's Convent, took uj) the work, built the church, antl attended to the neetls of the mission until his removal to Paterson. The mission was then attached to Morristown and attended by the priests of that parish until 1874, when the Rev. D. S. Dagnault was made pastor of Mendham antl Baskingridge. Mis successor, the Rev. Gregory Misdziol, worked very zealously in both mis- sions. Ilis ileath was marked by strange and pathetic fea- tures. After the death of Pius IX., the Ordinary of the diocese ordered a I'iequiem Mass to be celebrated with all solemnity possible on Feb- ruary 22(1. leather Misdziol busied liimself draping the Baskingiidge church — his ° ° ST. JOSEl'H S CHURCH, MENDHAM. residence was in that \'illage — with his own hands. Earl)- in the morning of the 22d he visited the church to put the last finishing touches on his labor of many days, and on his I'eturn to his home dropped dead on the roadway. He had decorated the church for his own funeral. He was buried in the Mendham Cemetery, February 25th, 1878. The Rev. Bernard J. Mulligan and the Rev. J. P. Poels were in turn charged with the administratii)n of the flock. P"ather Poels bought the jirescnt rectory, together with three acres of land. Among his successors were the I\c\-. John Baxter, 1883-90; the Rev. J. F. Duff)-, 1890-92; the Re\'. Eugene A. Farrell, 1892-95. P"ather P^arrell worked \'ery earnestly and with great success. The number of Catholics had lessened and the debt was a great burden on those who remained. P\ither Farrell's jwpu- 356 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH larity in the different parishes in which he had labored aidetl him greatly in his efforts to diminish the debt. The Rev. Charles H. Mackel served a brief pastorate. The Re\'. George H. IMuller has discharged the arduLXis and trying duties of this mission of slen- der resources, among a not very numerous and scattered flock, since October 14th, 1895. Nevertheless, despite the hindrances, many necessar)' improvements have been made in the church, rectory, and cemetery. Mendham is becoming better known for its healthfulness, owing to its altitude and the protectit>n its hills afford against the rude blasts of the north. Archbishop Bayley was wont to say that Mendham, in point of picturescjue scenery and salubrious climate, was unexcelled. The mighty barons of capital seem to be of the same opinion, for their palatial residences crown every hill, and dominate the landscape with its varied aspect of moun- tain and hill, vale and meadow, forest and glebe. Here the victims of the white plague grow strong, the bloom of health returns to their cheeks, activity and energy to the body. It is a veritable haven of healing for the infirm, the weak, and the brain-weary. St. Patrick's Church, Elizabeth The Catholics m the Poit\\eic at hist attendc\ern was assigned ti) a mission in New York State, where he died about two years ago. P'ather James Dalton, his successor, li\'ed but a few weeks. Then, in August, 1876, came the Re\'. Thomas M. Killeen, who, after a pastorate of twenty years, retired from the active duties of the ministr)' in July, 1896 In 1880 Father Killeen erected the present church on Fourteenth Street and Avenue C, which is now enlarged to double its original size. He likewise built the sisters' house on I'oiu-tcenth Street, as well as the old frame school, which in 1898 was remo\-ed to make room for the present connnodious brick structure erected by IN NEW JERSEY 259 his successor, the Rev. Isaac P. Whelan, now rector of St. Mary's — one of the best-equipped and most flourishing parishes in the Diocese of Newark. The Rev. Isaac P. Whelan, born in Elizabeth, October i8th, 1852, and ordained at Seton Hall, June loth, 1876, comes from a Catholic stock which has never quailed before persecution, and whose faith has been of aggressive and militant quality. His father. Captain Whelan, was identified with every movement which furthered the interests of religion in Elizabeth, and in his loyalty, service, and devotion to his pastor was without a peer. His mother, bereft of her parents in early childhood and brought up by a descendant of one of the old French families, quiet, gen- tle, and retiring, proved to the hostile rabble which was bent on destroying the church that hers was the heroism of the martyrs. Their children have inherited the noble qualities of . the parents, and in both sons and daughters the virtues of both father and mother have been blessed. A da:ughter, known in religion as Sis- ter Mary Cecilia, was a worthy child of St. Vincent de Paul, and was never so happy as when she found some poor, abandoned sin- ner to be brought back to God, some family plunged in poverty and despair to succor, and, after, to consecrate what remained of her spare time to the service of the sanctuary. This parish has grown rapidly in numbers, and proportionately in the efforts made to promote and advance religion. When the old school on Evergreen Street was opened in September, 1879, 400 children were enrolled, under 5 Sisters of St. Joseph. This building was abandoned in 1886, and the frame structure on Fourteenth Street opened, with 1 1 sisters and 700 children. In the admirably appointed new brick school there are 1 8 sisters and 1 3 10 children. Moreover, instead of one there are six parishes, with resident priests, laboring among the faithful of different nationalities — Irish, German, Italian, Greek, Polish, and Hun- garian. St. Philip and St. James's Church, Philipsburg, N. J. The Catholics of Philipsburg and the vicinity were attended by Father Reardon, the pastor of Easton, Pa., who journeyed into New Jersey as far as Newton in one direction and as far as Plain- field in another, giving what spiritual aid he could to the laborers who were brought to these parts by the construction of the Cen- tral and Lehigh railroads in New Jersey. 360 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Prior to i860 services were held by Rev. P'athcr McKee in the old brick house on Sitgreaves Street, owned by John Smith; also in the houses still standing at 526 and 561 Main Street. Father McKee was succeeded b}' Rew John Smith, who served the congregation but a few months, when he was taken sick and died in a Newark hospital. In September, 1859, the late Squire Walsh [jurchased from Hiram Heckman, president of the land company, a tract of land, 100 by 200 feet, upon which was erected a small church at a cost of about $5,000, Tlie corner-stone of this church was laid b\' Bishop 15a)le)' in i860, and on De- cember 25th of the same )'ear Mass was celebrated by the late Rev. C. J. O'fieilly, whose life of exceptional [liety and devotion to his duties marked him preemi- nentlv as a man of God. I'rcsh indeed is that memor- a1)le Christmas morning" in the minds of those who as- sisted at Mass, when there was nothing to keep out the bitter cold e.xcept the muslin tacked in the window frames to serve as windows. The pastorate of Father O'lieilly extended over a period of twenty-four years, during which time he was assisted by the Ivevs. James Hanlev, Michael Connolly, James Cusick, William Curtin, J. J. Griffin, and John O'Leary. When he came he found but a handful of Catholics, but when he was called to his reward, in De- cember, 1885, he left a large and well-organized congregation as the fruit of his labors. Previous to the death of 1^'ather O'Reilly Father B. J. Mulligan, at present pastor of the Immaculate Con- ception Church at Camden, was sent here b)' liishop O'l^'arrell to look after the welfare of the parish until Father O'Reilly would be restored in heaUli. Ihitil the parochial residence was erected, in 1863, heather O'Reilly made his home among \'arious members of the congregation. REV. CORNKLICS O REILl.Y. PastLtr of Philipsbur^. IN NEW JERSEY 361 The land on which the Parochial Hall stands was purchased in 1873, and the structure erected in 1875 at a cost of ;^22,ooo. In 1873 the corner-stone of the new church was laid by the Rt. Rev. M. A. Corrigan. Work progressed until one-third of the church was completed and connected with the old building. It remained in this condition until 1886, when work was resumed by Rev. R. E. Burke, who succeeded Father O'Reilly. Its com- pletion was the work of years of labor and anxiety on the part of Father Burke, and while many aided and encouraged him, to his own zeal and energy more than to any other does the building of this splendid temple of worship belong. When work was resumed by Father Burke in 1886 the corner- stone was relaid. While the side and front walls of the new church were being built Mass was celebrated in the old church as before, and never during the whole work were the regular Sunday services interfered with. During the eleven years in which Father Burke labored in Philipsburg great advancement was made. He finished the church, fitted it with all modern improvements, and built an addi- tion to the parochial residence. On Sunday, December ist, 1889, he had the pleasure of enjoying the reward of his earnest labors in having the present grand edifice formally dedicated by the Rt. Rev. M. J. O'Farrell, D.D., Bishop of Trenton, who was assisted by the Rt. Rev, J. J. Conroy, D.D., Bishop of Albany, who cele- brated Solemn Pontifical Mass. The sermon on that occasion was delivered by Bishop O'Farrell. In September, 1897, Father Burke was appointed to St. Mary's Church, Bordentown, and on the 22d of the same month Bishop McFaul appointed the Rev. Patrick F. Connolly pastor of St. Philip and St. James's Church. The first census of the congregation was taken in 1861. There were then 800 souls, in 1867 there were 1,500, in 1889 there were 2,500, and in 1900 there were 3,000 souls in the parish. Other Church property in Philipsburg includes the Parochial Hall build- ing and the Young Men's Catholic Club rooms, which, besides being elegantly fitted up for the purpose intended, contains a library of 500 volumes presented by Bishop O'Farrell. The cemetery on Fillmore Street was bought by Father O'Reilly in 1861 from Daniel Block for $1,100. Up to the pres- ent time there have been about 3,000 burials. There is also St. Catherine's Academy, which was built by Patrick O'Gorman in 1876. The building soon afterward became 362 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH the property of Dennis O'Reilly, who sold it in 1887 to the Sisters of Mercy of the Diocese of Trenton. The first superior of the academy was Mother Genevieve, who served at the head of the institution for seven years and was succeeded by Sister M. Agnes. During the years 1876 and 1877 the Sisters of Charity had charge of the education of the children of the parish, and conducted a school in the basement of the old church, and resided in the build- ing now occupied by the Elks. The aggregate value of the prop- erty belonging to the congregation of St. Philip and St. James is placed at 1^150,000. In strong contrast to the modern methods of imparting learn- ing to the young were those of the old days, when our elders drank at the fountain of knowledge then situated in the basement of the old church. Daily was the ancient adage disproved of driving a horse to the trough and failing to make him drink, the most incor- rigible never failing to yield to the gentle persuasiveness of the swishing cat-o'-nine-tails and the redundant raps of the knuckle- reddening ferule with which the master spurred the lagging intel- lects of our respected sires. In those days education was a luxury which could be indulged in at a cost of fifteen cents a week per scholar, except where there were four from a family, in which case the fourth was admitted free of charge. Mr. Slowey was the first of the old regime to undertake the task of teaching the young idea how to shoot, and was succeeded in turn by Mr. James Fogarty, who only a few months ago sought his long repose on the hill surrounded by many of his former loving pupils; Messrs. Hogan, Rooney, and Mullen, M. Boyle, Phil. Grawney, and Miss Caffery, who is now a teacher in the public schools. Among the first aspirants to learning were the Rev. Father Bernard T. O'Connell, Messrs. Michael Connlain, Robert O'Hara, Hugh Smith, Mrs. Thomas Newman, and many others. St. Philip and St. James's parish has contributed to the priest- hood the Rev. Fathers Bernard T. O'Connell, Neal McMeninin, John Gammel, Peter J. Kelly, James Prendergast (deceased), John E. Murray, William Tighe, James Maroney, and Thomas Rudden. St. Mary's Church, Jersey City. St. Mary's is the second oldest Catholic parish in Jersey City, founded by Father John Kelly. The present limits of the parish, however, are not identical with the old, but a part of it, for which IN NKW yi^RSI'.Y 363 Father Senez, when he selected the iircsent site, determined to malce provision in what then promised a more rapid f^rowth. The old St. Mar)-'s Church, dismantled and looted up from its founda- tions, around w'hieh I'luslered the most sat'red memoiies, was com- nieneed iir 1861 and finished in 1863. The loui-h of that holy pastor, so fruitful in ,L;'ood works in so man)' sections of the Lord's \-ine3aril in tlie Diocese of Newaii\, was felt hei'e, and no flock e\-er resjioniled more generousl)- to the word and work of their dudne guide than the Catholics of St. Mary's. In less than a generatii >n a chiu'ch, a school, an orphanage, a h(.")s- pital, and a h-ceimi arose to complement the work of the priest and show forth the beaut)', glor)', antl beneficence of Catholic faith. Nor was their progress confiiretl merely to the material order, for that was onl)' the fruit of a li\'ing and acti\"e principle which necessarily manifests itself in good works. During the fort)- years of his ministry b'ather Senez ga\'e to his flock the example of the disinterested, unselfish shepherd, whose sole aim was the welfare of his flock and their l^etterment and advancement in the wa\'s of righteousness and godliness. The hearts of man)' were grieved when, in consequence of the results of a cyclone, August 24th, 1901, it was determined to wreck the old church and the old rector)-, to remox'c utterly the memorials which the ytiety (.>f their I'clatix'cs and friends had placed in its windows and on its altars, and to raise iir its stead a more substantial edifice. It is safe to sa)' that the new will eclipse the older church in its grandeur and statelincss, but it will never replace old St. Mary's in the lo\e and reverence which those whose fathei\s and mothei"s wei'e mai-i'ied in the old church, were buried from it, and in which th,e\' themsches were bajitized and made their first communion built around it. Reports often ST. ,MARV S CHUltCH, JERSEY CITY, Mnjlt Ijy Ivev. 1,. 1>. Senez, 364 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH uttered and as frequently denied as to the unsafe condition of the old church were proven absolutely baseless, for the walls resisted, as if in protest, the vigorous assaults made upon them as the work of destruction progressed. The foundation was built and the corner-stone of the church laid September 21st, 1902. The basement was blessed October i8th, 1903, by Bishop O'Con- nor, and is now used for divine service. The present pastor, the Rev. B. Henry TerWoert, was appointed June ist, 1900. Father TerWoert was born in Jersey City, April 20th, 1852, and made his preparatory studies in St. Charles's, Maryland, St. Vincent's, Pennsylvania, and his theological studies in Seton Hall, where he was ordained May 22d, 1875. His parents were among the first founders of St. Boniface's Church, Jersey City. The field of his missionary career covers St. John's, Orange, St. Michael's, New- ark, Montclair, Bergen Point, Lambertville, and St. John Baptist, Jersey City, of which he was the first pastor and under whom the church, rectory, and school were built. The following priests have been connected with St. Mary's: Revs. J. O'Brien, J. Coyle, George McMahon, Fr. Raybaudi, P. Byrne, Thomas M. Killeen, Januarius De Concilio, Henry A. Brann, E. O'Keeffe, John Mor- ris, J. F. Vassallo, James P. Smith, S. J. Walsh, J. McKernan, D. McCartie, Robert E. Burke, J. P. Callaghan, P. M. Corr, L. C. M. Carroll, Charles J. Kelly, E. A. Farrell, J. A. Stafford, J. P. Mooney, H. J. Behr, Charles A. Smith, William T. McLaughlin, M. F. McGuinness, James T. Delehanty, M. J. Donnelly, John F Boyle, P. A. Maher. St. Mary Magdalen's Church, Millville. The oldest baptismal record shows that the Rev. Joseph Wirth, C.S.S.R., was pastor in Millville, June 25th, 1861. Father Wirth built the old church, which is now only a memory. He was suc- ceeded in September, 1863, by the Rev.Joachim Haymann. Father Haymann left the Redemptorists and was received into the Dio- cese of Newark February 5th, 1862. He attended the Germans in New Brunswick and Fort Lee for a short time, and finally was transferred to Millville. His successor, June i6th, 1864, was the Rev. Martin Gessner, now of St. Patrick's, Elizabeth. Father Gessner's missionary field covered all South Jersey — Bridgeton, Malaga, Dennisville, Vineland, Egg Harbor, Cape May, and Mill- ville. He built the old rectory of Millville, now used as a convent, the church at Cape May, and the present combination church and IN NEW JERSEY 365 school of Millville. Work on this last structure was begun in 1869 and iinished in 1871. The first meeting of the trustees was held July ist, 1865. Father Gessner was succeeded February 9th, 1873, by Rev. Theophilus Degen, who died two years ago as pastor of Cape May. November gth, 1873, Rev. P. Vivet, a French priest, succeeded Father Degen. During his rectorship he built the church at Vineland. He left for France, where he died (date unknown). Rev. William Ignatius Dwyer, an ex-Paulist, took up the work July 6th, 1879. He built the church at Goshen, now a mission of Sea Isle City, and died in St. Michael's Hospital, Newark, April Sth, 1 881, and is buried back of the church in Millville. During his illness and the interregnum the Rev. James J. Durick, now rector of Our Lady of Good Counsel, Brooklyn, was temporarily in charge until the appointment of Charles J. Giese, June, 1881. Father Giese built the church at Sea Isle City, brought the Sis- ters of Charity to Millville, enlarged the convent, and built the new rectory. He was transferred to Gloucester, October 2d, 1901, and was succeeded by the Rev. William J. FitzGerald, J. CD. St. Paul's Church, Jersey City (Greenville). The date of the establishment of this parish is 1861, and the first priests who ministered to the Catholics were the Passionists from West Hoboken. The first church was built in 1862, and in 1869 Father Niederhauser built the transepts. His successor in 1 87 1 was Father Kempen, a secularized Carmelite, who in turn was succeeded by the Rev. Sebastian B. Smith, D.D., who left for Rahway, October, 1872. The Rev. Joseph F. Mendl was then charged with the government of the parish, and was suc- ceeded in the pastorate, April 12th, 1882, by the Rev. John Joseph Schandel. Father Schandel, born at Williamsburg, L. I., August loth, 1849, made his classical studies at St. Vincent's, Pennsyl- vania, and Seton Hall ; and his theological studies in the Ameri- can College, Rome, where he was ordained October 30th, 1874. He taught moral theology in the diocesan seminary from 1874 until September, 1881. The old school built by Dr. Smith was replaced by the present building erected by Father Schandel in 1890. Father Schandel also built the present church, which was dedicated in July, 1888, The rectory was built by the Rev. Henry Fehlings in 1870, and extended by Father Schandel. April 2 1 St, 1895, death removed Father Schandel from the parish, 366 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH and his successor was the Rev. John J. Tiglie. Father Tighe was a priest of rare abiht}', gifted with a graceful pen ami an elo- quent tongue. He was born in 1852, and studied at St. Charles's and at Seton Mall, from which lie was graduated with high honors in the class of '80. He was an assistant m St. Mary's, Hoboken, and pastor i.if Our Lady's, Boonton. He died Augu.st 9th, 1897. The Rev. J. W. McDowell, J.C.U., succeed- eil him, and remained until August lOth, 1900, when the Rev. Alplionsus M. H. Schaeken assumed the re- sponsibilities of the pastoral office. Father Schaeken, born at Weert, Holland, made his p)-eparat(.)ry studies in the local college and his theological studies in the American College, Louvain, Belgium, and was ordained in Mechlin, June loth, 1876. His labors as assistant were in St. John's, Orange, St. Joseph's, Newark, St. Jo- seph's, Jersey Cit)-, Ke)'port, and chaplain of the Protec- tor)-, Den\'ille, with the duty of attending to St. Cecilia's, Rockaway. He was trans- ferred to Oiu" Lady (.)f Lour- des, Paterson, May 25th, 1883, where he labored with great zeal until his appointment to St. Paul's. The following is the list of priests who have been engaged in duties of the ministr)' in this parish: ST. Paul's chcrcii, giuikx^'ille. r.\s'roKs. I'assiiinist r"allifi-s. iSfji-iSO,. l almost $70,000, and the gross amount of rc\'- enue recei\'ed by him and expended is o\'er a quai'ter million of dollars. This statement is the eulog}' of the })astor and his flock. i;r;\'. lJo^u.\l(_ kkacs, I'f St. liunifitce's Cluircli, Jerse\' Cit^". The Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart, Vineland, N. J. The Catholics of Vineland were visited by h'ather Gessner for the first time in 1864, and Mass was occasionally celebrated in private houses by him until 1868, when di\ine service was held once a month. He came from Milh'ille, where he was stationeil, and from which place he attended Vineland, Bridgeton, and Cape May. He said Mass finall)' in an uj^per room of the old Penns)'l- vania depot. Father Gessner gave up Vineland at the close of the year 1872. Father Deegan took charge after Father Gess- 3 8c THE CATHOLIC CHURCH ner, and ministered t" the spiritual wants of the people of Vine- land mainly through his curate, ]'"ather Vi\'et. With a view to building a church and organizing a ])arish a corporation was formed in the fall of 1873. The Church of the Sacred Heart was commenced in 1874. The work progressed rapidly through the summer under the constant supervision of Father Vivet. The church was roofed before Christmas, and, although the interior was not yet finished, Mass was first said in it on Christmas Day, 1874, by Father Vivet. Rev, William Uwyer succeded Father Vivet in June, 1879, at Millvillc, to which Vineland was still attached as a mission, h'ather Dwyer personally, and through his curate, the Rev. J, J. Diu'ick, had charge of Vine- land to June, 1 88 1, Father Dwyer added the sacristy to the church and improved it in other respects. He also purchased a church from the Methodists at North Vine- land, This church has passed out of the possession of the Catholics. The l\,ev. Charles J. Giese succeeded to Mill- ville upon the death of Father Dwyer, and Vineland contin- ued under his administration until June, 1883. Father Giese at this time made a trij) to Furope and left Feather Mc- Teague, of the Society of the Fathers of Mercy, in charge of Millville and Vineland during his absence. At this time the people of Vineland began an agitation to be erected into an inde- pendent parish and to ha\'e a pastor of their own. The result was that at the close of the year 1883 the Rt. Rev, Bishop O'Farrell, then Ordinary of this diocese, consented to give the church in charge of the b'athcrs of Mercy, and Father McTeague was ap- pointed first |)astor. These fathers in 1884 ]uirchased a large build- ing on the outskirts of the town and organized the Sacred Heart College, which was at the same time the diocesan seminar)'. The college was uniler the presidenc)' of the Re\', F, H, Porcile, S.P.M. A ixn-ochial house of brick was erei'ted in 1884. Father McTeague took up his residence at the college, and the Sisters of Charit)' established a private school in the parochial house. Later CHURCH OF THE SACRED HE.ART, VINELAND. IN NEW JERSEY 383 on the parish house was reoccupied by the pastor, and the sisters removed to a property which they purchased on East Avenue. The school did not flourish and was abandoned, the sisters with- drawing. The college was closed for good in 1894. But the Fathers of Mercy continued in charge of the parish up to 1895. The several priests belonging to that order in charge of the par- ish were the Rev. Fathers Thomas McTeague, L M. Wiest, E. H. Porcile, E. Kelley, C. Elert, J. E. Sheehy, and J. J. McCul- lough. The last one of the society in residence was Rev, J. Courvoisier. On October ist, 1895, the Rt. Rev. James A. McFaul took the church under his direct control and appointed the Rev. William F. Dittrich pastor. The Fathers of Mercy had built a church for a colony of one thousand Italians at East Vine- land, and commenced saying Mass for them at intervals. Father Dittrich continued to attend this mission and prepared it for a separate pastor, who was appointed on November 14th, 1897, the Rev. Louis Pozzi. On September 21st, 1899, Father Dittrich was. removed to Bound Brook, N. J., and the Rev. J. H. Hen- dricks became pastor of Vineland. Upon the latter's removal, May 29th, 1901, to Riverton, the Rev. John Gammell became pastor. In 1902 the Rev. Michael di Elsi, an Italian priest, was appointed at Minotola to look after the Italians in the district between that place and Vineland. He organized the two parishes of Landisville and Minotola, and succeeded in erecting two churches which are already used for religious services. He was transferred to Camden to organize an Italian parish in that city in 1903, and his place was filled by Rev. Father Leone. St. Mary's Parish (Cathedral), Trenton, N. J. Observing the rapid growth of the Catholic population in the northern portion of the city, the Rev. Anthony Smith resolved to form a new parish, to be called St. Mary's. With this object in view he purchased, in 1865, the ground on which St. Mary's Cathedral now stands. This is historic ground, for here some of the hardest fighting in the battle of Trenton took place, and Colo- nel Rail, who commanded the Hessians, had his headquarters in the frame building which stood on the very spot now occupied by the cathedral rectory. Rail, being mortally wounded during the engagement, was carried to his headquarters, where he died December 27th, 1776. On April 23d, 1866, ground was broken for the foundation of St. Mary's Church, and the corner-stone 3H THE CATHOLIC CHURCH was laid by Bishop Bayley, of Newark, on July 15th of the same year. The work on the eluirch went on slowly for almost five years, and was finally completed toward the end of 1870. On Sunday, January ist, 1871, it was solemnly dedicated to the service of God by the Rt. Rev. James R. Bayley, Bishop of Newark, assisted by a large number of clergy- men, among whom was the Rev. Dr Corrigan, the Arch- bishop of New York. Up to this time St. Mary's parish was not separated from St. John's, which was still in charge of Father Smith. Now, hG\ve\'er, the two were formally di\-ided Father Smith resigned St. John's and retained St. Mary's, which embraced all the ter- ritory north of the Assinpink Creek. While the church was being built, F'ather Smith was making provision for the Christian education of the children. On September nth, 1868, he purchased the property on the corner of Bank and Chancery streets, and on it, in 1870, commenced the erection of a parochial school. As this property scarcely afforded room for a pla)'ground, an adjoining lot on Chancery Street was purchased Novemljer 2d, 1868. The school was opened on October 2d, 1871, with about one hundrctl and seventy scholars and three Sisters of Charity as teachers. His ne.xt care was to provide a ccmeter}', and for this jiurpose a property of eight and one-lialf acres, situated on the Lawrence Road, just beyond the city limits, was jnu'chased October 12th, 1872. Tlie character of the s(.)il, however, made it unsuitable for a burial place, and the present St. Mar)-'s Cemetery, or rather a portion of it, containing thirteen and one-half acres, was bought November ist, 1872. An adjoining tract of ten acres was pur- chased March 24th, 1886. ST. MAKV S CATHEURAL, TRENTON. IN NF,W JKRSKY 385 During all these )'ears l^'ather Smith labored alone; lie had no assistant. How great were his lahois tan be undei'stoocl only by those who know the duties ot a |)astor of a lai'ge congregation. Mis first assistant priest, l\e\'. Michael J. Holland, was appointed in March, 1877. Me reliex'cd Father Smith of much of the spirit- ual work of the parish. But the energetic pastor could not rest. His attention was directed to Hopewell, where thei"e was a small settlement of Catholics without a church or pastor. He bought a suitable piece of kuul, and on Jul}' 6th, 1877, laid the corner- stone of a beautiful little cliurcli. This was attended from St. Mar}'s till Januar\', 1883. St. Mary's was now pro\'ided with everything necessar\' to constitute a perfecth' equip|ied parish. ]-5ut the congregation was a growing one, and increased so rapidl}' that the school, wdiich contamed sr\ lai'ge rooms, was mcajiable of accommodating all the children. To pro\ade for these l^\ather Smith bought, July 1st, 1875, another l"t <>n Chancery Street, and liegan at once to enlarge the school b\' an addition of si.\ more rooms. It can mjw accommi.idate se\'en huntlred ( hildi'cn In h\'bruai'\', 1880, he bought a lot on Warren Street, adjoining the rector), on which he built, in 1883, the episco|ial residence. Ff)r the accommodation of the Catholics who li\-ed in Millham, now East Trenton, he bought a plot of ground on Sherman and St. Joe's avenues, and in Jul\', 1882, laid the corner-stone of a brick building, to be used as a school and chajiel. This was the beginning of St. Joseph's parish. I-Sut it con- tinued a mission of St. Mary's until April, 1893, when it was sei^arated and became a distinct parish. The Holy l-'ather in 1881 created a new diocese for Southern New Jersc)' and made Trenton the episco|ial city. The bishop of the new diocese, the Rt. Re\'. Michael J. ( )'h~ai-rell, foi-- -5 i(];\-. .'WTiioxv s^uTll. First Pastor ol: St. Clary's Cathedral, Trenton. 386 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH merly pastor of St. Peter's Church, New York, was consecrated in St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York City, on November ist, 1881. Eight days afterward he came to Trenton and chose St. Mary's Church for his cathedral, where he was installed with impressive ceremonies. Bishop O'Farrell rented a house on West State Street and resided there until Father Smith, in 1883, erected the present episcopal residence. At the same time he enlarged the rectory, and, by joining it to the bishop's house, produced a grand, imposing front. From this time until his death Father Smith labored for the spiritual welfare of his people and the reduction of the debts of the parish. When he died, August nth, 1888, he was mourned not only by his own people, for whom he labored so well for more than twenty-seven years, but by the public gener- ally, who recognized in him a faithful servant of God and an emi- nently good citizen. The buildings he erected and left with com- paratively little debt will stand as monuments to his zeal and executive ability. Before coming to Trenton he had charge of missions in Buffalo and Baltimore. In the former city he built St. Mary's Church and St. Andrew's Hospital. He was born in Obergunsburg, Germany, on April 8th, 1821, came to this coun- try in 1844, and was ordained a priest of the Redemptorist Order on December 21st, 1845, by Archbishop Eccleson, in Baltimore. After Father Smith's death Bishop O'Farrell assumed for a time the rectorship of the cathedral and appointed Rev. J. Joseph Smith acting rector. In the spring of 1 890 Father Smith had to leave the cathe- dral, on account of ill health, and was transferred to St. Francis's, Metuchen, where his duties were light and where it was hoped he would regain his strength ; but after some months he was com- pelled to give up his charge and returned to his parents' home in Trenton, where he died October 31st, 1891. His early death was deeply mourned, for his kindly ways and bright, sunny disposition had endeared him to all who knew him. During Bishop O'Farrell's rectorship steam was substituted for hot air in heating the church and school. After Father Joseph Smith's appointment to Metuchen he was succeeded by the Rev. John M. McCloskey, who afterward became so well and favorably known to the priests of the diocese as the secretary and chancellor of Bishop McFaul. Father McCloskey looked after the affairs of the parish till October, 1 890, when the Rev. James A. McFaul, rector of the Church of Our Lady Star of the Sea, Long Branch, was made rector of the cathedral. He had for- merly been assistant under the Rev. Anthony Smith, in December, IN NEW JI^RSI^Y 3«7 1879, and was ihcrcfnrc well acquainted willi llic paiisji. lie entered on his work with his well-known zeal and energ\, infusing new life and \ignr into the jiarish. liis tirst eaix- \\as tlie sehool ; he imiirox'ed the class-rooms, I'aised the standai'd nl studies, and introduceil the latest and most appi'Dxed methods of teaching. Bishop ()'I<'arrcll hail some time hefoix- contracted for the new organ, but it was l^'alher Mch'aul who superintended its erection anil raised the funils for its payment. St. Joseph's parish. East Trenton, was still attended from the cathedral, and the old building containing chap- el and school became too small for the rapidl)' growing parish. I'^ather McEaul, in i8gi, erected a large and handsome school. It is a three-stor\- brick building with brownstone tidmmings, has eight large, well-lighted, and well-\entilated class- rooms, and a large hall on the third floor which is now being used for a chapel. I le changed the old chapel and school into a dwelling-house for the Sisters of Charit\', who up to this time went fr(jm St. Mar)''s every da)' to teach. On No\'ember ist, 1S92, l'"ather Mch'aul was appointed x'icar- general of the diijcese. ( )n the death of Bishop O'h^arrell, April 2d, 1894, father Mch'aul was made administrator ot the diocese, and by a pa]3al brief dated Jub' 20th apjiointed Bisho]) of Trenton, to succeed his friend the lamented Bishup ()'b"an-ell. He still continued as rector nf the cathedi"al until h\'bi'uar\- 1st, 1895, when he appointed the piresent rector, Rew bihii II. l"nx. L nder his supervision the impro\'ements long lontemplated In" Ut. Re\'. Bishop McFaul were begun and so successfulh' conducted that to-day the cathedral is one of the most beautiful churches in the State, S.\IKE1I IlI-;-\KT. OLO ST. JoHXS. TRICXTOX. 388 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH As the sisters' house has scarcely sufficient accommodation for the present number of sisters, and as it will be soon necessary to increase their number, the building on the northwest corner of Warren and Bank streets, formerly the old State Bank, was pur- chased March i8th, 1897 A new religious sisterhood was brought to Trenton in June of the year 1899 by Bishop McFaul, — the Mission Helpers, whose mother house is in Baltimore. Their name gives some idea of the purpose of the institution. They are to supplement the work of the priest, to reach classes that he cannot well reach, and espe- cially to look after the colored people and instruct the deaf and dumb. St. Mary's Cathedral has been the scene of many grand and solemn ceremonies. Here the first Bishop of Trenton was en- throned and received the obedience of the clergy of his diocese ; here the first Apostolic Delegate of Leo XHI. of the United States was received in an official and canonical manner for the first time in this country ; here the present bishop, Rt. Rev. James A. McFaul, who had been so long connected with the parish, was consecrated. Those were occasions of great joy that brought together within the walls of the cathedral many distinguished persons both of church and state. There were present at Bishop McFaul's consecration three archbishops, eleven bishops, and about three hundred priests, besides many ministers of other de- nominations and men prominent in public and professional life. But these large and distinguished gatherings were not always of a joyful character. Solemn and sorrowful were some of them. It was a sad assemblage that filled the cathedral on August 14th, 1888, when Bishop O'Farrell, surrounded by priests and people, offered the sacrifice of the Mass for the repose of the soul of Father Smith, the founder and for many years pastor of St. Mary's, whose remains lay in state before the altar at which he so often celebrated. The cathedral was the scene of a still deeper and greater sorrow on the occasion of the funeral services of the first Bishop of Trenton, the lamented Rt. Rev. M. J. O'Farrell. The presence of so many high ecclesiastics, the great number of priests, and the large gathering of people showed the esteem in which the dead prelate was held, and the sad countenances of all told better than the dark drapery of the church the grief occa- sioned by his death. IN NEW JERSEY 389 Holy Cross Church, Trenton, N. J. Shortly after the erection of the Immaculate Conception Church, the PoUsh members of the congregation resolved to form a parish of their own. They purchased ground on the corner of Cass and Adeline streets, and in 1891 erected a two-story brick building. The upper story serves for a chapel, the lower for a school. The chapel was blessed for divine services by the Rt. Rev. Bishop O'Farrell in the latter part of 1891. Their first pas- tor, under whose supervision the building was erected, was Rev. Valentine Swinarski. Father Swinarski labored zealously for the parish till his departure in the summer of 1895. He was suc- ceeded in December of that year by the Rev. Francis Czernecki, who is the present rector. Father Czernecki is doing excellent work among his people, and has a school with a hundred and twenty pupils. The parish has about one thousand members. St. Stanislaus's Church, Trenton, N. J. In 1892 the Rev. Stanislaus Czclusniak came to Trenton, and with the approval of Bishop O'Farrell formed another Polish par- ish. A lot was purchased on Randall Avenue at the point where South Broad Street and Chestnut Avenue join. The corner- stone of the new church was laid by Bishop O'Farrell on Septem- ber nth, 1892, and the dedication took place on August 29th of the following year. The church is built of pressed brick, has two large towers in front, and can seat over seven hundred. It is called St. Stanislaus's, after Poland's patron saint. Father Czclusniak was succeeded in December, 1893, by the Rev. Felix Baran, who remained till the end of the year 1896. Up to this time the pastors of St. Stanislaus's were priests of the Franciscan Order. On February 20th, 1 897, the bishop sent a secular priest. Rev. Julian Zielinski. For two years this young pastor labored with untiring zeal, and was succeeded in January, 1899, by the present pastor. Rev. Matthias Tarnowski. Father Tarnowski is an earnest and successful worker. The parochial school, which for financial reasons was closed for a time, has just been reopened. It has now about fifty pupils. The population of the parish is about one thousand. 390 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH St. Mary's (Greek) Church, Trenton, N. J. Among the immigrants that have come to Trenton in recent years are many Catholics of the Greeli rite. In 1891 they consid- ered that they were numerous enough to have a church and pas- tor of their own, and at their request Bishop O'Farrell appointed the Rev. John Szabo to be their first pastor. He bought ground on the corner of Grand and Malone streets, and began at once to collect funds for the building of a church. The corner-stone was laid on April i6th, 1893, by Bishop O'Farrell, and the church was dedicated in September of the same year. It is a brick build- ing and will accommodate about four hundred people. Before the erection of this church, which they called St. Mary's, they held services in a building on the corner of South Broad and Cole- man streets. Father Szabo left in December, 1893, and was suc- ceeded by the Rev. Theodore Damjanovics, who remained till January, 1898. The next pastor was the Rev. John Csurgovich, who is still in charge of the parish. He has a school in the base- ment of the church with fifty scholars, and is at present building a neat rectory beside the church. The parish numbers about four hundred and fifty. St. Joseph's Church, Trenton, N. J. In April, 1893, St. Joseph's Parish, East Trenton, was sepa- rated from that of St. Mary's Cathedral. The stone bridge on North Clinton Avenue was made the boundary line between it and the mother parish. The first resident pastor. Rev. John H. Fox, labored hard for the spiritual welfare of the parish until Feb- ruary 1st, 1895, when he was transferred to St. Mary's Cathedral. He was succeeded by the Rev. Bernard T. O'Connell, who, owing to ill health, was compelled to resign after one month. The next rector. Rev. Michael O'Reilley, remained for three years and a half, during which time he proved to be an earnest worker. He was followed in September, 1898, by the present rector, Rev. Henry A. Ward. Father Ward is an energetic clergyman, and hopes before long to lay the foundation of a new church. He has recently purchased a house for the Sisters of Mercy, and changed the one formerly occupied by the sisters into a rectory. St. Joseph's has a population of two thousand and a parochial school with three hundred and thirty scholars. IN NEW JERSEY 391 Trenton will soon have another Catholic church. The Slavs have already purchased a site in South Trenton, upon which they expect to erect a church during the coming year, and in the fall of 1903 the Italians, who now are sufficiently numerous, followed the example of the Catholics of other nationalities and erected a church of their own. St. Francis's Hospital. The Catholic Church is the mother of Christian charity; her history is the history of organized charity. She was the first to conceive the idea of foimding hospitals for the sick and afflicted, and homes for the orphan, the aged, and the abandoned. That these institutions might become permanent, she established relig- ious orders of women who give up the world and devote them- selves entirely to these works of charity. It is not surprising then to find the Catholic Church founding the first hospital in Tren- ton. In 1871 the Sisters of St. Francis, whose mother house is in Philadelphia, purchased a beautiful site on Chambers Street, cor- ner of Hamilton Avenue. The foundation was begun October 15th of that year, and the hospital was dedicated May 31st, 1874, by the Rt. Rev. M. A. Corrigan, then Bishop of Newark, and later Archbishop of New York. In 1880 a chapel was added to the hospital for the use of the sisters and the convalescent patients who might wish to attend religious services. In the same year a house was erected at some distance from the main building for contagious diseases. In 1888 additional land was purchased, and in 1896 a large wing was added. This new building has one of the finest and most completely equipped operating-rooms in this country. An idea of the work accomplished by this hospital may be obtained from the report. The number of patients admitted to the hospital during the year was 1,120, number of opera- tions performed 212, and the number of outside patients who received free treatment at the hospital dispensary over 3,000. The doors are open to all needy sufferers, without distinction of creed or color. It is seen from this sketch that the Catholic Church in Tren- ton has grown during a century from a few members to nearly 16,000. While a large part of this increase is due to Catholic immigration, the natural growth has also been great. A little more than half a century ago one small church accommodated all the Catholics of the city; to-day there are eight churches, of ^9^ THE CATHOLIC CHURCH which three at least are unusually large and imposing structures. All these parishes are well-organized and equipped, having each its own school for the children and religious societies for the adults. If under less favorable conditions the Church has grown and prospered so greatly in the past, will not its future growth in numbers and influence be far greater .? Church of the Immaculate Conception, Bridgeton, N. J. The history of the Roman Catholic Church of Bridgeton is closely connected with the growth of the city. When in the year 1865 Mrs. Charles Miller, of Deerfield, whose name will long be held in memory by the people of the parish, presented the valu- able lot on the corner of North Pearl and North streets, it was surrounded by cornfields and was considered far out in the coun- try. Now the trend of the city's growth is such that handsome residences have been built in great numbers around the church property. The Church of the Immaculate Conception was built in 1866 by Rev. Martin Gessner, of St. Patrick's Church, Eliza- beth, N. J., and was dedicated by the Rt. Rev. James Roosevelt Bayley, in June, 1867. Previous to that time services were held in private houses, and later in Grosscup's Hall and Carl's Hall, near Commerce Street bridge, the officiating clergymen coming once a month from the Redemptorist Church of St. Peter at Fifth and Grand streets, Philadelphia. There were up to this time in Bridgeton and the surrounding districts but twenty -five or thirty Roman Catholic families, but the little flock gradually increased and at the present time there are over 700 communicants. Father Gessner was succeeded by Rev. Father Degen, who built the rectory and made other improvements. He was trans- ferred to Cape May in 1878, where he labored assiduously until November ist,' 1900, when he died. Father Vivet attended to the spiritual wants of the parish for a short period, and was succeeded in 1 879 by the Rev. Father Mulligan, who is now Dean of the southern counties of the Dio- cese of Trenton, and pastor of the Immaculate Conception Church, Camden, N. J. During Father Mulligan's pastorate the cemetery was bought, and after four years of faithful labor he was transferred to New Brunswick. Following Father Mulligan, the Rev. D. D. Duggan was assigned to the rectorship of the parish and after two years IN NF.W JERSKY 39:1 transferred ti) Moant Hull}', and is now rector of St. Mary's Church, Bordentown, N. J. The Rev. Father Walsh succeeded, anil after foLU" years was compelled, owing to his ill health, to give up the charge. He died at West End, N. J., December, 1890. Father Petii, now of Atlantic Cit}', was the next rector, and during his rectorshij) the spiritual and temporal welfare of the people was attended with very fruitful results. The Rev. Father O'Farrell followed in the spring of 1894, and for nearly seven 3'ears looked after the affairs of the i)arish. During his pastorate the St. Mar)'s Lyceum was built. His successor was the Rev. Father Ganimel, now of Sacred Heart Church, V'ineland, N. J., who in turn was succeeded. May 29th, 1901, by Rev. M. J. Hagerty, D.D,, the present incumbent. St. Joseph's Church, Guttenberg, N. J. The hamlet situated in the northern part of Hudson County, which was first occupied by German refugees of 1848, was named for the inventor of printing, jirobably with a little side slap at the old barbarism of autocratic Europe to be superseded by American independence, yet so that the i^olitico-irreligious spirit of 1848 becoming mani- fest in this enlightened name, should be cjuickened and kept alive by the two breweries that were soon to decorate and "benefit" both the eastern and the western end of Gut- tenberg. Yet the zealous mission- aries of Hudson County were not afraid of a little infidelity and unfriendliness, and previous to 1865 pious and dutiful priests came to say Mass in the upper portion of Hudson Count}- at the residence of Mrs. Jane Minni.\, a |iious Catholic matron, who furnished candles and other recjuisites foi- the Holy Sacrifice. These sundry acts of courage and zeal found soon their reward in a turn of public opinion, and since Guttenberg had become an independent borough it had its town hall, and so generously and OLD CHURCH, f;UTTENBERG. 394 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH hospitably loaned it to the Catholics when they had a priest to minister to them on Sundays. The old school-house on Franklin Avenue also was many times sanctified by the Eucharistic Sac- rifice. The spirit of faith and charity cannot be kept from its super- natural Catholic expansion, and it soon found vent in the efforts that were made by the faithful of Guttenberg and vicinity toward raising a church building fund. " Fear not, ye little flock," it had been said, and God's blessing and man's generosity enabled the Catholics to build a church and to have it blessed in 1865 by Bishop Bay ley. In 1863 the seed had been sown that now bore its first sweet fruit, St. Joseph's brick church. The faithful and dutiful sons of St. Paul of the Cross had evangelized the upper portion of Hudson County, and one of their number took charge of the new congregation, yet he resided in the monastery at West Hoboken. Rev. Timothy Pacetti, C.P., was the first pastor of the parish. St. Mary's Church, West Hoboken — dear old St. Mary's, as the loving pioneers used to call it^ — was the mother church of Guttenberg. Hence previous to 1 885 all records concerning the sacraments of baptism and matrimony were kept there. Father Timothy served St. Joseph's from March 12th until the end of 1865. From January ist, 1866, until July 25th, 1869, the following Passionist Fathers alternately attended to the spirit- ual wants of St. Joseph's congregation : the Revs. Vitalian Lilla, Philip Birk, Stanislaus Parezyck, Timothy Pacetti, Andrew McGorgan, Ildephonsus Obach, Nilus Nostrajanni, John B. Bau- dinelli, and paved the way toward an event great in the begin- nings of every parish. August ist, i86g, welcomed the first resi- dent pastor, in the person of the Rev. Eusebius Sotis, C.P., who built the rectory, a frame structure, 19 by 30 feet, stone base- ment and two stories, in 1875. July, 1876, Father Eusebius was succeeded by Rev. Michael J. Kerwin, a priest of the diocese, who was subsequently transferred to St. Mary's, at East Orange. Rev. John M. Giraud administered the parish from Septem- ber 25th, 1877, until July ist, 1880. He also attended the chapel at Shadyside. F"ather Giraud was a man of great activit}-, zeal, patience, and perseverance. His resources were slender, but the improvements were remarkable. The high altar which for years served in the brick church was his handiwork. His zeal and for- titude found their reward even in this world, where the eternal IN NI'.W IKRSKY :v)s Pastor vouchsafed liini llu' xnralioii of Si. I,i;"natius's sons, l^'ather (liraud is now a Jesuit and attends Hlaekwell's Island. Re\' ]*"rancis O'Neill succeeded him, and built a frame school, 70 by 35 leet, «-hich sei"\ed at the same time as the sisters' resi- dence, h'our Sisters of St. h'rancis, beloi\L;"in,L;" to the mothei" house ol Teekskill, N. A ., conducted the pai'ochial school. Rew Joseph U. Jlill was ])astoi' fi-om December 14th, 1890, until Au.<;aist 2d, 1898, l)ui-in_i;" this jiastoi^ate a fi'ame church was built ioi- Gei'man-speaking Catholics in West New \'ork. Rut the number of parishioners kept on increasiuL;", so that the withdrawal of the former at- tendants was soon made up hv new'-comers. A gi'eater increase was to be witnessed durini;' the in- cumbeiic\' of Re\-. A. M. Kaiimiei', who took charL;'e on Au:;"ust loth, 1898, so much so that a thii-d Mass became an absolute necessit\' on Sun- daws, in ordui^ to L;i\-e the chil- dren an oi")portunit\ of heaiani;' Mass; and in 1902 definite steps were taken toward build- ini;' a new church Tlu' sisters' residence, which was built oir Si.xth Sti'cet in 1899, 62 b_\' 25 feet, a com- fortable frame house, was in ( )ctober, 1903, removed ti.i its new site in West New \'ork, corner of Twent\--hrst Street and Palisade Avenvie, opposite the new clnu-ch, St. Josei)h's of the Palisades. The dear old brick church, dear to so man\- Catholic hearts in North Hudson, was fountl to be "eccentric" in the literal sense of the word ; out of place, \'iz., in the northern extremit\' of the ]iarish. I'ourteen towai lots in West New \'ork were purchased from Mr. llerman W'alkei", foi'mer ma)'or of Gutten- berg. Ciround was broken on March 2i\, 1Q03, the first blasting' bei;iin April 4th, and the first stone of the basement was laid May I St. The new church, St. Josephs' of the Palisades, is built of blue trap rock of the Palisades, with white trimmings; cn which the (irst church was oiienc-cl for the convenience of the Catholics living in the southeastern section of Paterson ^vas purcliased by tlie trustees of St. Jnhn's Church, on ST. JOSEPHS ciiCKcii. 1'.\ti;km)x. Broachva)', January 28th, 1867. A stalile in tlie rear was con\-erted into a churcli, wliere IVTass was celelirated Uiv eight \-ears and si.\ months by a priest from the mdtlier cliurcli. August ist, 1895, it was detached from St. John's, l^ecoming an independent parish, 26 402 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH with the Rev. Nicholas Molloy as first resident pastor. Father MoUoy was educated in the College of SS. Peter and Paul, Lisbon, Portugal, was ordained for the diocese of Liverpool, England, and was received in this diocese, May, 1 873. He remodelled the chapel, and built the combination school and church on a more central site, on Market Street near Carroll, in 1877. He died June 23d, 1880, and is buried in Calvary Cemetery. July ist, 1880, the Rev. Sebastian Smith, D.D., was assigned to this field, and, although more of a student than an administrator, he purchased additional ground, built the stone church and rectory, and improved the school. He published various works on canon law, and died while on a vacation for his health, alone and unknown, in a hospital in Havana, Cuba. By the merest chance his bishop was informed of his death, and his remains were interred among strangers until long after the close of the Spanish war, when they, together with the remains of the sailors of the unfortunate Maine, were brought North. In March, 1895, the Rev. Charles P. Gillin was appointed rector. Father Gillin, born June 27th, 1847, made his theological studies in Seton Hall, and was ordained in the cathedral, Newark, June iSth, 1878. He discharged the duties of assistant in St. Patrick's, Elizabeth, and St. Mary's, Plainfield, until December 1st, 1883, when he was made pastor of Mount Hope. He was transferred to St. Lucy's, Jersey City, August, 1888. Father Gillin in 1 898 built a more commodious brick and stone rectory, and in 1900 the old rectory was enlarged and converted into a convent. All these buildings fell a prey to the destructive fire which visited Paterson Sunday, February 9th, 1902, and destroyed millions of dollars of property. Undismayed by their terrible loss the congregation purchased additional property, and erected a fine school, in which they assembled for divine service during the restoration and rebuilding of the church. It should be recorded that the flock of St. Joseph's received from every side the sym- pathy of all, irrespective of their creed. Some religious bodies tendered to them the use of their church, and the city placed at their disposal the national guard armory, which was used for divine service until the hall in the school was ready. The rectory has been rebuilt and the church is approaching completion. The following priests have been identified with the parish: Assistants. Rev. J. F. Brady, August, 1879, to February, 1880. Rev. M. S. Callaii, June, 1884, to June, 1S85. Rev, E. A. Kelly, June, 1885, to November. 1886, IN NEW JERSEY 403 Rev. J. E. McAvoy, November, 1886, to January, 1888. Rev. Henry Murphy, November, i88g, to September, 1893. Rev. P. F. Kirwan, January, 1894, to March, 1894. Rev. J. J. Maher, May, 1894, to September, 1894. Rev. J. F. Brown, October, 1894, to May, 1896. Rev. J. P. Hangley, May, 1896, to January, 1898. Rev. E. M. O Donnell, January, 1898, to November, 1899. Rev. J. F. Keenahan, November, 1899, to May, 1901. Rev. D. J. Brady, May, 1901, to July, 1903. Rev. P. I\I. Schoenen, August, 1900-1903. Rev. E. M. O'Malley, July, 1903. Rev. Owen Clark, 1903. St. Bernard's Church, Mount Hope, Morris Co., N. J. In 1861 the Rev. Father Callan, of St. Mary'.s, Dover, built a hall for the Catholic congregation of Mount Hope, which until then had attended Mass at private houses, at the point where the Mount Hope road branches off from the Rockaway and Port Oram road. In this hall Mass was said once a month. For the week days it was rented to the trustees of the school district. In 1869 the Rev. B. Ouinn, of Dover, built St. Bernard's Church where it now is, on a plot donated by John Corrigan, at a cost of ^2,200. On the i6th of September, 1875, the Rev. Michael Connolly, of St. Mary's, bought for ^iioaplot of ground of about three acres, on which there was a small hall used by the A, O. H. for meetings, about one-half mile away from the church toward Rockaway. About November ist, 1875, the Rev. Walter M. Fleming was appointed first resident pastor of St. Bernard's Church. He lost no time in building the present rectory for ^4,200. This good, simple, generous flock have never failed to contribute to the support of their church and priest out of their earnings, scanty enough in the most prosperous times. The main industry is mining, and as the market for iron rises or falls, so do the hard- working miners fare ill or well. Father Schneider visited the Catholics at Mount Hope as early as October, 1774, and, judging from the number of baptisms administered by him until 1781, there must have been at least two score Catholic families in this ^dcinity. To-day there is barely a trace of their descendants. The Rev. Patrick McGahan, born in Cully Hannah, county Armagh, Ireland, June 29th, 1850, educated at Mount Melleray and St. Nicholas's Seminary, Belgium, was ordained priest in 404 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Louvain, May 22d, 1875. He labored in St. Bridget's, Jersey City, St. John's, Trenton, and St. John's, Paterson. He was appointed to Mount Hope February 19th, 1883, was acting pastor of the Poles in Jersey City, and died in St. Vincent's Hospital, New York, July 22d, 1894. Father McGahan, shortly after coming to Mount Hope, enlarged the hall of the A. O. H. and engaged the Sisters of Charity to teach ; they lived in a rented house. Father Gillin first bought a house for them where the Whitemeadow road branches off from the Rockaway road, and in the fall of 1 884 he built a convent for them with a chapel, costing about ;^^,000. When in 1892 the number of parishioners, on account of the closing of some mines, had considerably decreased. Father Hall had to discontinue the parochial school. The chapel is still used for Mass on week days. The names and terms of the pastors are as follows : Rev. Walter lU. Fleming, November ist, 1875, to August 20th, 1880. Rev. P. A. McGahan, August 20th, 18S0, to December ist, 1882. Rev. Michael J. Hickie, December ist, 1882, to December ist, 1883. Rev. C. P. Gillin, December ist, 1883, to August, 1888. Rev. J. H. Hill, August, 188S, to January ist, 1891. Rev. J. J. Hall, January ist, iSgi, to March, i8g6. Rev. John M. McHale, March, 1896, to December 12th, 1897; died in Mount Hope. Rev. John McErlain, December, 1S97, to November 2d, 1900. Rev. B. W. Ahne, November 2d, 1900. The Church of St. Paul of the Cross, Jersey City. The parish of St. Paul of the Cross embraces that portion of Jersey City which is bounded on the north by the Paterson Plank- road, on the south by Manhattan Avenue, on the east by Ogden Avenue or the edge of Jersey City Heights, and on the west by the Hackensack River. It became regularly incorporated accord- ing to the laws of New Jersey in 1 868. The parish of St. Paul of the Cross was in its infancy under the pastoral care of the Passionist Fathers of West Hoboken. In the year 1 869 it seemed necessary to the good fathers to build a church in the section of Jersey City already described. This section of Jersey City was then included in what was known as Hudson City, N. J. With devout affection for the sainted founder of their congregation, the Passionist Fathers decided to place the new church under the patronage of St. Paul of the Cross. Father IN NEW JERSEY 405 John Philip BaudincUi, C.P., since callctl to his rewartl, lirst assumed pastoral charyx-. The corner-stone of the new chui-cli was laid and blessed on the h'east of tlie y\ssiimption of B. V. Mary, August 15th, 1869. We cannot do better than quote the Irisli-Anicrkan describing" this solenni ceroiion}-: On Sunday, August 15th, 1869, the corner-stone of the new Church of St. Paul of the Cross, in Hancock Avenue, near South Street, Hudson City, N. J., was laid in i^resence of a large nrul- titude. The building when completed will be a handsome and substantial brick edifice, about 50 by 100 feet, with a spacious basement intended to be used as a school-room. The want of a Cath(Jic church in this part of Hud- son City has long been felt, and to the zealous efforts of the Passionist Fathers the people are indebted for the erection of this edifice, which is expected to be ready for divine ser\'ice by Christmas. The ceremonies were opened by a disc(.)urse b)' the Rev. Father Reilly, of New- ark, who dwelt at some length on the characteristics of the true Church, which traced its origin to the Redeemer Him- self, and whose doctrine and teachings were ever the same. ST. I'AUL OF THK CROSS, lEKSEY CITY. whether enunciated under the mar- ble domes of magnificent cathedrals or in the lowl\' huts of the missionary, whose zeal for the salvation of souls had led hnn into the haunts of the savages of the wilderness. Rev. P'ather Vincent then delivered a discoiu'se in German, after which the ceremony of blessing the corner-stone was per- formed hy Rt. Rev. Monsignor Seton according to the Catholic ritual. Rev. Fathers John, Philip, Angelo, and Sebastian of the Passionist Order assisting. The following is a transcript of the record deiiosited in the foundation : In the year of our Lord 1869, on the 15th day of August, the 4o6 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH festival of the Assumption of tiie Blessed Virgin Mary; Pius IX. by the grace of God being Chief Bishop of the Church of God; Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States; Most Rev. James R. Bayley, Bishop of this Diocese; Rev. Father Dominick, Provincial of the Order of the Passionists ; and Rev. John Philip, rector of this parish, this corner-stone of a church, in the presence of a large concourse of people, was blessed and laid by the Rt. Rev. Monsignor Setou, in honor of St. Paul of the Cross, and to the greater glory of God; Rev. Father Reilly being preacher in the English language, and Rev. Vincent Nagle preacher in the German language. Father John Philip was succeeded by his brother. Father John Baudinelli. On the second Sunday of October, 1870, the new church of St. Paul of the Cross Nvas dedicated to the service of the Almighty. Father John was succeeded by Father Timothy Pacetti, who seems to have been full of activity and zeal. In the year 1872 he organized a society for the purpose of raising funds to meet the expenses of a parochial school, and in 1875 he brought together the Young Men's Literary Association of St. Paul of the Cross. Father Timothy is at present doing missionary work in Chili, South America. In 1876 Father James P. Smith, a secular priest, took charge of the parish of St. Paul of the Cross. Many regrets were expressed at the departure of the Passion- ist Fathers from the flock they had guarded so well, but soon the parishioners in a degree forgot their loss, owing to the kindly dis- position and many excellent qualities of their new pastor. Father Smith continued to grow in the love and esteem of the people of St. Paul of the Cross until the year 1887, when death called him away. Father Smith was a native of the parish of Cluaneen, ha\'ing been born near F"ethard, in the county Tipperary, Ireland. At an early age, having evinced a vocation for the sacred ministry, he received his preliminary training at a classical school in his native Cashel. He was subsequently sent to Mount Melleray and thence to All Hallows College, whence, haying concluded to adopt the American mission as his future field of labor, he came to this country and completed his theological course at Seton Hall College, where he was ordained for the Diocese of Newark by the late Archbishop Bayley. His first curacy was in the par- ish of St. Mary's, Jersey City, where he ofUciated for some years, endearing himself to all the congregation by his gentle manner IN NEW JERSEY 407 and kindly disposition. When the Passionist Fathers, in 1876, gave up the charges of the parishes in which they had up to that time officiated, Father Smith was assigned by the present Arch- bishop of New Yorlv, then Bishop of Newarlc, to the rectorship of the church and parish of St. Paul of the Cross, which at that time included all that portion of Jersey City Heights between the parish of St. Joseph's and that of St. Michael's Monastery. Here Father Smith continued to labor with unflagging zeal, winning golden opinions from all, until he was struck down by the insidious disease to which, in the prime of life, he fell a victim. The parishioners should not fail to remember two worthy priests who assisted Father Smyth in his labors for the advance- ment of religion in this parish, — Father Esser, who died in Egg Harbor, N. J., and Father Huygen, who died in St. Francis's Hospital, Jersey City. Both these good priests richly deserve the high admiration in which they were and are yet held in the parish of St. Paul of the Cross. In December, 1887, the Rev. Thomas Ouinn was appointed by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Wigger to take care of the parish. St. Bridget's Church, Jersey City. This parish, as has been noted, was organized during the ad- ministration of Dr. Corrigan, while Bishop Bayley was attending the Vatican Council, by the Rev. Patrick Corrigan. The corner- stone of the little frame church was laid November 14th, 1869. The outlook was not promising. Cabbage-gardens, sand-hills, and rush-grown swamps, filling the air with their poisonous effluvia, presented a somewhat discouraging aspect to the active and light- hearted Father Corrigan. The condition of the flock materially and spiritually was in harmony with the environment. But in a short time the Catholics gave evidence of their faith and gener- osity, of a veneration and docility to the guidance of their pastors, which has ever since been a distinguishing feature of this congre- gation. A priest who began his career among these lowly, hum- ble people has declared that although nearly thirty years in the priesthood, and during that time coming in contact with many phases of Catholicity in many fields, he has never seen the love and veneration of the people of St. Bridget's for their priests equalled. To him their grateful appreciation of the ordinary 4o8 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH functions of the priesthood was and will be t(.) the end of his dayd a precious memory. In 1874 a basement was built under the church, and better accommodation was afforded to the scholai's and their teachers. In January, 1875, the Rev. Patrick E. Smythe was transferred from Madison to St. Bridget's, and under him the present rectory ST. liKllK.lCT S CHUKCII A.NO It 1CCT( I K V , JF.HSICV CIT^■. was built. Meanwhile the tide of population flowed thitherward, new houses were built, the swamps were filled, and the congrega- tion materiall}' increased in numbers. The Re\', fames IlanU', who had labored as assistant in St. Patiick's, Elizabeth, I'hilips- burg, and St. John's, Paterson, was transferred to this flock from Dover, January, 1883. P'ather MluiI)' eix-cted the present hand- some church. He died in the parish house in 1889, antl his suc- cessor was the Rev. P. M. Corr. P'ather Corr, born at Rillintem- ple, count)' Kildare, Ireland, entered Set(.)n Hall in September, IN NEW JERSEY 409 1876, and was ordained priest June isth, 1878. St. James's, Newark, and St. Mary's, Jersey City, were the parishes in which he labored as a curate. Appointed pastor of Hackensack in 1885, he awakened that congregation from its lethargy, built a convent for the sisters, improved the school, and left the parish in a healthy financial condition. His energy was felt in the new field of his activities, and his principal monument is the large and well- appointed parish school. But his health began to fail, and in the hope of recruiting it he went to Ireland, but died there July 24th, 1893- The Rev. William Henry Dornin, who was born in New York, October iSth, 1850, educated at St. Charles's and Seton Hall, a graduate of the class of '71, and ordained May 22d, 1875, was destined to exhaust in this parish the last years and the best efforts of a fruitful ministry. Father Dornin's life proved how much could be accomplished by devotion to duty and trust in God. He pursued his studies with much labor; but it is safe to say that none has gone forth from the diocesan seminary who has achieved better results than Father Dornin. There was no cor- ner of the missionary field neglected by him, and whether as assistant or pastor he never shirked work and never tired in its discharge. St. John's, Trenton, St. Patrick's, Elizabeth, and St. John's, Orange, can all testify to his zealous labors as an assistant. His first parochial charge was St. Peter's, Belleville, where his memory still lives and where he is blessed in his work. In Belle- ville and in St. Bridget's he brought his schools to a high de- gree of efficiency. He loved the children, and sought by every means in his power to fit them to fight successfully the battle of life. He was an earnest, forcible preacher, and in the discharge of the responsibilities resting upon him he literally wore himself out. He departed this life to enter upon his reward July 4th, 1899. The Rev. John F. Ryan, born in Dover, N. J., October 30th, 1863, studied at Seton Hall, graduated in the class of '83, and ordained June 4th, 1887, is Father Dornin's successor. Father Ryan's work in the Arlington Protectory deserves never to be forgotten. He infused new life into it, organized trade classes, found a market for the goods manufactured there, and displayed an exceptional talent of administrative and execu- tive ability of a high order. In him St. Bridget's has found a worthy pastor, and the experience gained in his last charge will redound to the benefit of his present flock. The following priests have been connected with St. Bridget's 410 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH parish: The Revs. Joseph M. Flynn, P. A. McGahan, J. O'Reilly, H. B. Ward, John J. McGrath, N. McMenamin, Thomas Quinn, B. Fitzpatrick, Thomas E. Butler, Joseph H. Hill, P. McGauran, William Murphy, Eugene A. Farrell, John J. Murphy, B. M. Bogan, John J. Shannessy, William J. Foley, James P. Smith, John F Ryan, L. H. Ryan, D. S. Clancy, E. A. Kelly, W. A. Brothers, S. A. Halloran, J. E. Sheehey, W. A. Keyes, L. J. Bohl, R. A. Mahoney, John J. Murphy. St. Patrick's Church, Jersey City. This parish was founded December 23d, 1869, when by ar- rangement with Father Venuta Bishop Corrigan, then administra- tor, assigned the Rev. Patrick Hennessy to take charge of the new congregation. Father Hennessy was born in the county Limerick, Ireland, March 17th, 1833, and was educated in Mount St. Mary's, Emmettsburg, and in the American College, Rome. He was ordained in the Eternal City by Cardinal Patrizzi, May 30th, 1863. He was an assistant with Father Kelly in Jersey City until December 12th, 1865, when he was sent by Bishop Bayley to Elizabethport and became pastor of St. Patrick's. Here he labored four years until he was called to " South Bergen," as the present section of Jersey City covered by St. Patrick's par- ish was then called. The corner-stone of the new church was laid November 13th, 1870, and the new church dedicated August 19th, 1877. St. Patrick's parish enjoys the distinction of possessing the most perfect and imposing specimen perhaps of Gothic archi- tecture in the diocese of Newark, and another, less honorable, of being the only parish of any considerable size without a parish school. It is true, indeed, that Father Hennessy's successor, the Rev. Lawrence C. M. Carroll, laid the corner-stone of a sump- tuous structure, October 13th, 1901, which promises to contain all the requirements for a school, club, and theatre, so that ample provision has been made for the many-sided wants of the parish in the future. The building is still in an inchoate state, but its elaborateness no doubt justifies the delay of its completion. It will be a unique parish building. Father Carroll was born in Newark, N. J., May 6th, 1854, made his studies at St. Charles's and Seton Hall, of the class of '75, and was ordained in the cathe- dral June 7th, 1879. He was an assistant in St. John's, Orange, and St. Mary's, Jersey City. He was appointed pastor of South Orange, and built the Church of Our Lady of Sorrows, the school, IN NKW M'.RSEY 411 and the rccti)r\'. His aiJpnuitnK'nt Id Si. Tatrick's dates Mavcli ijtli, 1S96. l'"alhei- llcnnL'ss\'s lunh is Iniiacil near tlic Inwci' nl the ilninli. The fiillowing priests li;i\-e ser\e(l St. I'atrick's: Revs. 1'. McCahill, M. J. Coniidhy, M. de Ste])lian^ ■ ■ ■""■'^ ■Rj^^ V :_:li: ri- -'JIjM^' ^t^mmli^ i^ -...g^Jl ■:i?v.:^rf-^ i „,:'■■"' CHURCH OF THE SACRED HEART, ELIZABETH. Henry Becker, O.S.B.; and at present Rev. James CuUinane, O.S.B. The church was consecrated on November 25th, 1894, by the Archbishop of New York, Most Rev. Michael A. Corrigan, D.D. St. Patrick's Church, Chatham, N. J. The need of a mission at Chatham was apparent to Dr. Wig- ger as early as the year 1870. He witnessed how at least one hundred Chathamites made the long journey of two and a half miles over the hills to the church at Madison; and, be it said to their credit, they were proverbially first at Mass. The rev. doctor awaited his opportunity, and in the mean time consulted many of the resident Catholics regarding his plans for their benefit. Among these was Mr. John McCormac. This gentleman in- formed the doctor one Sunday that some land on Mr. Paul Lum's farm was to be sold. According!)', at a meeting of the trustees IN NEW ll-RSEY 415 of St. X'incent's Church, ]\Iadis(.)ii, DclcihIjci _'(I, 1870, it was resoh'cd In purchase the property- for a schoul site, (hi Ma)' 3(1, 1S71, Mr. McTenian, one of the tiaistees, was autlmi'izecl tn make the })urchase. In conjunction with Mr. James S. Coleman, New- York Cit\', he ])erformed this duty. Mr. Coleman paid the money and passed the title to Mr. MeTernan, who in turn transferred the property to the trustees of St. \'incent's Chuich. The minutes of the meeting (jf tlie trustees, held on Ma\- 30th, 1871, read; "John MeTernan reported that he pui'chased tw(.) lots, 150 b}- 50 feet each, for the sum of ^500." It does not seem that the holding of di\ ine serxice was the first reason of the pui-chase, although afterward the bmldmg served the twofokl purpose of chuicli and school. There seems to ha\'e been much opposition to the purchase on the grounds of distance fi'om the centre of population. No road )'et trax'crsed the old farm, although the now Washington Avenue was opened shorth' afterward. On account of this opposition some of the Catholics met and made overtru'es to the owner of premises near where Mr. John Doian now resides. The owner mentionetl consented to make the exchange f(.)r a consideration. Mr. Henr\' Houston \vas chosen h}' the meeting to I'ciircsent the case to Dr. \\'iggei-, the pas- tor. Alter listening [latient- ])■ to the statement. Dr. Wig- ger replied, "It is just where I want it." At a meeting" of the trus- tees the contracts \veregi\'en out to erect a building 35 b\" 50 feet, the walls to be 14 feet high. The entire cost of the building was §4,000. The work was (.-ommenced in January, 1872. A meet- ing of the ]")arishionei-s was tailed about this time to receixe dona- tions of mone)-and materials. ,-\s man\' Catholics were employed in the neighboiing brick-\"ard, it was found more con\enient to supph' material than to gi\e monew In this manner the school was eix-cted. And it was in this case, as in the founding of all new parishes, a common sacrifice of ]5astor and i^eople, he \\ith an.xious hope and jiatiencc, the_\" with jo\' and pri\'ation. \\'c are told that many Catholics contributed ST. ICA.IRIC K S, (. I1-\TH-\M. 4i6 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH as high as five thousand bricks. Brick cost in those days $io per thousand. Many also gave money. The Rev. P. E. Smyth became pastor of St. Vincent's, Madi- son. Father Smyth had still to attend to the spiritual wants of Whippany, so when Dr. Wigger returned to take charge of Sum- mit, Chatham was added to Summit. In 1894, when Bishop McQuaid came to preside at the com- mencement of Seton Hall College, in reply to the question of his having been the first priest to celebrate the sacred mysteries in what is now known as the Borough of Chatham, he stated that he never said Mass in Chatham. In fact, he admitted that the fog about the Passaic " was a damper on his courage." He illustrated this feeling when he referred to his journey over Hobart's Hill on his way from Springfield ; that he knew that he was near Chatham by the fog, " and then I closed my eyes and whipped my horse until I had passed Chatham." We are glad to say that no fog now exists in Chatham. After Bishop Wigger had resumed charge of Summit and Chatham he set to work to better the school facilities, and, to prepare for the opening of the school-house as a church only, he secured the premises on the corner of Washington Avenue, now Chatham Street. There were three lots in the purchase. It was on this property that Dr. Wigger laid the foundation of the future school-house. However, before the frame was placed on these foundations. Dr. Wigger resumed charge of St. Vincent's Church, Madison. The completion of this building was the first of the labors of the Rev. G. A. Vassallo, of Summit. Father Vassallo continued the work of his predecessor. New interest was established by the introduction of the Sisters of Charity, who took the place of the lay teachers for some years employed in the education of the youths of Chatham. It was found advisable to cut off Chatham and make it an independent parish. This was effected by the bishop appointing Father Muhl. His appointment dates from the 19th of January, 1887. The first pastoral residence was a small two-story frame house situated on the south side of Watchung Avenue, opposite Wash- ington Avenue. It is part of the old Dunning estate. The Ferdon house was purchased by Father Muhl, but he never occupied it. Father Muhl, a native of Germany and a graduate of the Col- legium Germanicum at Rome, died at the Sanitarium, Denville, IN NEW JERSEY 417 N. J., in July, 1896. After Father Muhl's removal to take charge of the parish at South Orange, the Rev. P. A. McGahan took charge of Chatham, November sth, 1887. After a few years' administration Father McGahan was suc- ceeded by the Rev. Joseph C. Dunn. The appointment dates from the 21st of September, 1889. The new rector came from St. James's Church, Newark. Livingston had been added to Chatham when it was made a separate parish in 1887. The honor of saying the first Mass in Livingston belongs to the late Father McGahan, who died July 1 8th, 1894. Sterling mission was opened 1886, with Father Julian as rector. He remained in charge for two years, and was succeeded by the Rev. P. A. Wenzel, now of Orange. On Tuesday evening, February 27th, 1894, a fire occurred which for an hour threatened to wipe away the work of twenty years. The damage amounted to ^381.54. When Father Dunn assumed charge of the parish the school was taught by a lay teacher. Miss Murphy, a very efficient teacher, yet unequal to the task of so many grades. In August, 1890, the sisters returned to the school and took up residence there. Father Dunn was succeeded on September 25th, 1897, by Rev. William T. McLaughlin, who was transferred to St. Augus- tine's Church, Union Hill, May 31st, 1899. His successor was the Rev. James M. McCormick, who died May 29th, 1903; and he was succeeded by the Rev. Samuel Hedges in June of the same year. St. Francis's Church, Metuchen. In the diary of Bishop Corrigan while Vicar-General and Ad- ministrator of the Diocese of Newark, under date of September 1 5th, 1 869, is found this entry : " New church needed at Metuchen ; cost $10,000." The property was bought and the church was built by the Rev. Major Charles Duggan, the assistant and adminis- trator of St. Peter's, New Brunswick. From St. Peter's journeyed the priests in all kinds of weather to attend this mission, but the inconveniences were mitigated by the royal hospitality of Mr. Nat. C. Robbins, who, although not a Catholic, always gave a hearty welcome to the priests and generous assistance to the church. St. Francis's Church was destroyed by fire in December, 1903. The first resident rector was the Rev. Stephen Bettoni. It is regrettable that more historic details cannot be given, but 27 41 8 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH they are unavailable, as no response was received to the letter soliciting information. The present rector is the Rev. John A. Graham. Most Rev. Michael A. Corrigan, D.D., Second Bishop of Newark. Michael Augustine Corricjax, born in the city of Newark, August 13th, 1839, was the worthy successor of Archbishop Bay- ley in the See of Newark. The mantle of a noble, saintly father descended upon the shoulders of one who was eminently fitted to carry on the great and responsible task of governing a diocese. His preparatory studies were made at St. Mary's College, Wil- mington, Del., then under the presidency of the venerable Father O'Reilly. The future bishop, on leaving Wilmington, entered the nursery of bishops — Mount St. Mary's, Emmettsburg, Md. — from which he was graduated in 1859. He was one of the little band sent by the bishops of the United States to start in the centre of Catholic unity the American College. Here, as else- where, the modest, gentle youth won for himself the friendship of his professors and fellow-students. His talents kept pace with his piety, for none applied himself with greater zest to his studies nor with greater success than the subject of this sketch. He was ordained to holy priesthood September 19th, 1863, in the Cathedral Basilica of St. John Lateranby the late Cardinal Patrizzi, Returning to America in August, 1864, he was assigned to teach dogmatic theology and Holy Scripture in the seminary, Seton Hall, by Bishop Bayley. His ability and talents, which an extreme modesty was powerless to conceal, attracted the attention of many prelates in this country, and he was chosen and in fact appointed by Pius IX. to the See of Columbus, Ohio. The most earnest pleadings of the youthful dignitary, coupled with the influence of Bishop Bayley — who was loath to lose one so full of promise and usefulness — combined with the kind offices of Arch- bishop, afterward Cardinal, McCloskey, availed to put off for a few years his elevation. Meanwhile he strained every nerve and toiled day and night, in his endeavors to bring Seton Hall Col- lege up to the high conceptions of its founder and to make it second to no other Catholic college in the country. The student did not shrink from the stern gravity which seems to surround those whom circumstances perhaps had placed at the head of a school or a college, but with perfect ease and undisturbed confi- IN NEW JERSEY 419 dence he detailed to the good " doctor " his catalogue of troubles and trials, and, whether \indicated or not, always went from the president's room very much comforted by his kind, soft words. Yet none dare trespass on his mild rule, for all knew that he could be firm when occasion called for it. On the transfer of Archbishop Bayley to Baltimore he was appointed administrator of the diocese. In Februar)-, 1873, the news was flashed across the water that he was appointed to fill the See. " Is there no escape .' " said he to Bishop McQuaid, then on a visit to Seton Hall, and was just entering a carriage to take the train when the messenger brought the telegram from the edi- tor of The Freeman s Journal znwouncmg his promotion. " None," replied the bishop; "you must accept the burden." The follow- ing May he was consecrated by Cardinal McCloskey in St. Pat- rick's pro-Cathedral, Newark. The mitre was hardly placed on his head when the pricking thorns roused him to the realization that it was to be for him not a wreath of roses, but in very truth a crown of thorns. Most complicated financial entanglements demanded the at- tention of the young bishop and brought into play his wisdom and prudence. It would be a waste of time to dwell longer on this dark period in the history of the diocese ; it would but open afresh wounds long since closed. True, another form filled the chair of the illustrious and lovable Bayley, but his spirit was still in the diocese. God blessed the work and zeal of Bishop Corrigan. His time was wholly taken up blessing corner-stones, churches, hospitals; making the visitation, not solely of large city churches, but the isolated, distant, almost alwa^'s forgotten and neglected country congregations. Benign, courteous, willing, he never thought of self. You might before asking, especially if it re- quired his personal attention, anticipate that )-our request was granted. His mind might be racked with anguish, his body suf- fering from illness ; none would be the wiser. When we hear of bishops descending from their throne, condescending to speak to the lowliest as to the loftiest of their flock, sitting for hours in the confessional, anxious to relieve a weary pastor of a little of his burden, visiting the hovels of the poor to administer to some poor dying Christian the sacrament of confirmation, or speaking a kind word to some querulous old granny, we lose not a jot of that high esteem which from our very childhood we have had for the very name of bishop, but are carried back to the charm and simplicity of early apostolic days, when bishops were the guardians and 420 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH fathers of the faithful. A vaster field awaited him. In October, 1880, he was made Archbishop of Petra and Coadjutor Archbishop of New York, with the right of succession , an honor which he would have refused, and which filled the hearts of the clergy and laity of the flock to whom he had endeared himself with many, and sincere regrets. On May 12th, 1873, Bishop Corrigan was invited to attend the second quarterly meeting of the Catholic Union, which was held at the Catholic Institute, Jersey City. On that occasion this body of prominent Catholic laymen delivered an address of congratula- tion to their lately consecrated bishop, in which, while expressing their regret at the loss of Archbishop Bayley, they declared they were consoled by the double consolation that His Grace, Arch- bishop Bayley, would add to the glory of Holy Church in a more extended field, and labor unceasingly to obtain a good pastor for the flock he had watched over so long and so tenderly. The result is all we could have wished or expected, and since the voice of our infallible Pontiff called you to the vacant See of Newark, our hearts have been gladdened and our gloom dispelled. We ha\'e anxiously awaited the hour of anointment, when with mitre and crosier you would ascend the episcopal throne in your cathedral and be officially proclaimed our future guide and pastor. This happy event has at last appeared, and, weary of restraint, we hasten to proclaim our gratitude to God and affection and loyalty to his bishop. . . May God add to your youth and firm- ness the necessary strength and grace for this great work. May the blessed Mother of God, whose month we celebrate, favor you with her powerful patronage. You will have our poor prayers for your assistance, and we beg that you will impart your benedic- tion to the members of the union, who are united by your per- mission in maintaining truth and justice. . . . " To maintain truth and justice '' was the motto which inspired loyal and intelligent Catholics the world over after the invasion of the rights of the Holy See, and rallied them to the defence of their faith and to consolidation everywhere of their coreligionists in a strong, vigorous body. This movement spread all over Europe and ultimately beyond the seas. A council was formed in New York in 1871, and efforts were made at that early date to establish an association in the Diocese of Newark. But for one reason or another the matter was left in abeyance until after the transfer of Archbishop Bayley to Baltimore. The Catholic Union of New Jersey was established for the IN NKW JERSEY 421 larger parishes, and, as will be seen later on, although it did not accomplish all that was aimed at, yet it . bore certain beneficial results. In August, 1873, Bishop Corrigan made an urgent appeal in favor of the priesthood and on the necessity of fostering and preserving vocations to the priesthood and to the religious life. In a commercial country like ours, where other careers in life are constantly presenting themselves to the notice of the young, we should not forget to seek to stem the current by putting before the minds of parents and of their children, as occa- sion offers, the glory and the great reward, as well as the self-sac- rifice and the voluntary privation for God's sake, of those who devote their lives to the service of the altar. In the same letter he called the attention of the reverend clergy to some points of the statutes of the diocese, in order that there might be uniformity throughout. The financial embarrassment of St. John's Church, Orange, has been already alluded to. In February, 1 874, the bishop writes to his flock to thank both priests and people for the efforts they had made to enable him to meet the grave obligations of this unfortunate church. I am happy to state that the disposition of both the reverend clergy and the Catholic laity of Newark to aid in this labor of love for the glory of God's house is beyond all praise. By their con- duct they have shown that they appreciate keenly the difficulties of the situation ; that they regard it as one unprecedented in our midst and to be treated as a case entirely apart from ordinary con- tingencies ; that it is not a question of simply raising a collection to pay the interest on the great debt and leave the future blank and unprovided for, but an occasion that calls for substantial aid that will reduce the principal to such an extent that henceforth the people of St. John's parish may themselves and by their own efforts, not only take up the burden, but also with God's help and blessing carry it for a while and gradually throw it aside. Again, April 28th of the same year, in conformity with the often-expressed wishes of many of the Catholic laity. Bishop Cor- rigan expressed his resolve to do all that was possible to pay off the floating debt on St. John's. Though most unjustly and recklessly incurred, nevertheless as it stands it is a legal debt, and not only the honor of the diocese but the good name of Catholics at large will be seriously com- promised if we neglect paying it. The Catholic Church does not 422 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH accept the doctrine of repudiation. TJic entiio debt on St. John's Church in 1873 was ;?;20S,ooo, with interest accruing lor the last months of the previous year. The extrication of St. Julin's parish from its present diiificulties is not a hopeless tasl< ; it is jiractica- ble, is presumptaljly certain and s'Li^ranteetl e\cn, but onl\' with the generous and .prompt cooperation of the sister churclics throughout the State. In the spring of 1874, niainl\- through the efforts of three prominent Catht)Hc laymen of the Diocese of Newark, the Messrs. P. Farrell)', John McAnernc}-, and liarokl llcnwood, the first Catholic pilgrimage was organized in the United States, and left our shores to visit the different shrines in l^'rancc and Italy and to lay at the feet of the common Father of Christendom the pledges of lo\-alt)- and tlexotion of their Catholic fellow-countr)-- men. A reminiscence of this pilgrimage is still to be seen in the Basilica of Our Lad\' of Lourdes, in the American flag which still hangs over the sanctuary in this remarkable shrine ol the Mother of GikI. It was successful bc)ond cxjiectalion. The opening of the State Reform School for wayward boys, and the eliminating of all provision for the religious training of those who profess the Catholic faith in that institution, I'alled fortli an earnest protest from the Catholic I'nion. In October, 1873, in a letter to the trustees of the school, their attention was called to the fact that the Catholic Union of New Jersey expresses the earnest desire of at least 200,000 fellow Catholics, citizens within the State, who ask your honorable body to make such modifications of the rules go\-erning the Reform School as will enable Catholic inmates to recei\-e the ministrations and consolations of their relig- ion, which are at ])icscnt denied them. We are aware that a similar application has been made by a priest stationed at l^'ree- hold, and declined, we charitably hope, because of the misappre- hension of the justice in\'ol\'ed in his request. . . . We want no State aid or chaplain's commission, only the simple right to administer the sacraments of the Church to the Catholic children under your charge who desire it. It need conflict with no rule nor interfere with the working hours of )'our establishment. A second letter, December 20th, 1873, was adtlrcssed by the advisory board of the Catholic Union to the (iovcrnor, Chief Jus- tice, and Chancellor of New Jersey, comprising the Board of Con- trol of the State Reform School, enclosing copies of the corre- spondence between the Catholic Union and the trustees of the Reform School. The Catholic Union expressed regret In new jersey 4.23 that our hopes have been disappointed, but in seeking justice a second time from the board of trustees we feel tliat we pursue the proper course, particularly as this first was recommended to us b)- His Excellenc)', Governor Parker, on the occasion of our appeal to him as chief executor and member of ) our iionorable board - The superintendent of the school, Rev. ]\rr. Sheldon, held religious exercises every day, which the Catholic children as well as the others were obliged to attend. On Sunda}- he also had religious ser\ ices. !Mr. Sheldon informed the committee of the Catholic Union, which visited the institution, that while a Catholic priest niight address the bo\'s, he could not permit him to express himself distijKtly Catholic in his remarks; in other words, not- withstanding the large number of unfortunate Catholic children in this public institution, a Catholic priest, ^7^- sitcli, had no right to minister to those of his own flock ; while Protestant clergymen were permitted to pra\' or preach to their own satisfaction, not only to the Protestant childreji, but to the Catholics as well. It was against this act of flagrant injustice that these Catholic la} - men protested in the name of the Catholics of the State of New Jersey, and at the same time called to attention that such a con- dition of affairs was contrar)- to the Constitution of our State, which in Section 3, Article I., declares "that no person shall be deprived of the inestimable privileges of worshipping Almighty God in a manner agreeable to the dictates of his own conscience, nor under any pretence whatever be compelled to attend any place of worship contrarx' to his faith and judgment.'' The condition of affairs manifested through this correspond- ence made it clear to Bishop Corrigan that in order to save the faith of the Catholic children it was necessar\- that the diocese make provision for them. A tract of land was purchased in Den- ville, ]\rorris Count)-, about thirtx -five miles from New York, on which was a commodious brick mansion. Xecessar)' improve- ments and repairs were made, and in the month of September, 1874, St. Francis's Catholic Protector)- for bo)-s was opened and placed in charge of the Franciscan Brothers. ]\Iany priests of the diocese, as well as a number of the lait\-, most of whom were members of the Catholic Union, were present on the occasion to participate in the formal opening of the premises. The property was admirably adapted for its purpose. The country is elevated and healthy in the highest degree, and the two hundred and four- teen acres of fine land is well adapted for cultivation. It has an 424 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH abundance of wood and excellent water, a fine orchard of fruit- trees, and all the out-buildings necessary for an institution. Bishop Corrigan looked to the faithful of the diocese, and in a particular manner to the members of the Catholic Union, to enable him to carry on to a successful issue the work thus inaug- urated for Catholic wayward boys. The Catholic Union felt that the time had come to make an effort to secure a charter from the State for the new institution, and its president, John McAnerney, wrote to Bishop Corrigan on September 29th, 1 874 : The Catholic Union proposes, if agreeable to you, to make an effort at the coming election to ascertain, as far as possible, the opinions of the candidates for legislative honors in regard to the reform school. This, you will remember, is in the line of the agitation we have begun and which we think must be continued to be successful. We propose to do this work in our usual quiet manner and upon our own responsibility, if the proposed action meets with your approbation. We seek your approbation, not for public or general use, but for the reason that we do not desire to undertake anything of importance without your sanction. Bishop Corrigan judged that it would be desirable to obtain a charter for the Denville protectory. Mr. McAnerney consulted Judge Bedle, who expressed the opinion that there should be no serious objection to the charter granting the judges and justices the right to commit Catholic boys to the protectory. This sug- gestion of the Ordinary met with the approval, not only of the Catholic laity, but of the leading priests of the diocese. Mr. McAnerney writes : I think it will be well for you to prepare such a charter as you require, and if you could have it all ready by next week, we could then take the field and " sound " the candidates. If left until after the election I am sure it will be a much more difficult subject to handle than the reform-school matter. At all events there is no time to be lost. Every effort was made to disseminate the campaign documents to be used throughout the State in order to secure the Catholic protectory charter. The leading men of the Hudson County Union had the charter printed, and it was proposed to make a thorough canvass of the whole State. This movement spread consternation in the ranks of both parties of pohticians. The oifice of the president of the union was besieged day and night by Republicans and Democrats, IN NEW JERSEY 425 all groaning about the misfortune of having this matter in the canvass. I never saw so many people investigating this reform- school subject as at the present time. Please let no reports from politicians annoy you. The agitation will be grand in its results. Our people will be educated up to a true appreciation of the matter, and our non-Catholic fellow-citizens will be obliged to redress the present injustice. . . . Next Tuesday the excitement and smoke of the battle will clear away, and the people of New Jersey will have a better idea of the injustice done their Catholic fellow-citizens than they have ever had before. In another letter, written on October 30th, Mr. McAnerney says : The breeze is now blowing in our favor. It is, indeed, curious to see Presbyterians, Episcopalians, etc., going about vigorously arguing the justice of the Catholic position in regard to the reform school. In Jersey City copies of the bill have been printed and generously distributed by the Democrats. The advocates of jus- tice are growing numerous and well-informed. Would that our Catholic citizens would everywhere stand up like men. We would then have no difficulty. The most ignorant people I have found on this question are the Catholic politicians. Thank God ! the abuse of The Evening Journal has made them examine the mat- ter, and our people are better informed to-day than they would have been by Catholic-Union meetings. Church sermons, or any- thing else. Many of these unfortunate Catholics never go to church or read a Catholic book, and have always cried " Hush ! " when anything in relation to Catholic interests was mentioned. This time the " Hobgoblin " has met them in the canvass and would not down at their bidding. If we don't get our charter, if they don't pass Assembly Bill 413, we have one thing beyond dispute; that is, the sympathy of non-Catholics, justly disposed, and our own people united and well-informed of the necessity for a protectory, as will be appreciated when the bishop deems it the proper time to issue his circular of a general collection. . . . The time is not far distant when our rights in all the public institutions will be granted, in order to keep this " terrible " question out of the canvass. ... At present the matter has gone beyond the control of the politicians, and will never be settled until our rights are granted. . . . Gentle agitation of this kind likewise prevents our opponents from doing us further injury. The cause was lost. The bill was defeated. The usual tricks which stigmatize legislation which has for its object the redress- ing of injustice to Catholics were successful. Contemplated amendments to the Constitution of the State, some of which seemed calculated to impose new burdens upon Catholics or which might be construed against the Church, 426 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH prompted Bishop Corrigan, after having talcen legal advice, to send a personal letter to the priests of the diocese, in which he recommended them to influence their people to strike out the ob- jectionable clause, " or, better still, to make assurance doubly cer- tain, let them strike out the whole ballot." This letter unfortunately fell into the hands of the press, and the enemies of our faith made the most of it in their appeals to the large body of bigoted, because ignorant, voters in our State, and the amendments were carried by a large majority. After taking the advice of Cardinal McCloskey, Bishop Corri- gan called a meeting of the executive committee of the Catholic Union on February nth, 1876, and expressed to them the opinion that further efforts in this line should be indefinitely postponed, to avoid stirring up the rancor and bigotry of the non-Catholics throughout the State. This sounded the death-knell of the Cath- olic Union. The meeting adjourned si7ie die. The work of the laymen of the diocese for the protection of Catholic interests and the redress of the wrongs under which their religion groaned was at an end. But, despite all that was said and done, the Catholic Union accomplished a great deal. In our State institutions Cath- olics are allowed the ministrations of their priests, and in the State Reform School and state-prison there is a Catholic chaplain. As provision had been made for the wayward boys, it seemed to Bishop Corrigan that the time had now come when a similar institution should be established in the diocese to carry out the recommendation of Archbishop Bayley in his parting address to the clergy of the Diocese of Newark, and which he had so much at heart because they were so urgently needed, namely, a Catholic protectory for boys, a house of the Good Shepherd for girls, and a large asylum for the orphans of the entire diocese. Bishop's House, Newark, May ist, 1875. Rev. Dear Sir: You will remember that in his parting ad- dress to the clergy of this diocese, the Most Rev. Archbishop Bay- ley directed their zeal, in a special manner, to three good works which he would have undertaken had he remained in New Jersey, and which he had much at heart, because they were most urgently needed, namely, a Catholic Protectory for boys, a House of the Good Shepherd for girls, and a large asylum for the orphans of the entire diocese. Of these three wants, the last-mentioned is the least pressing, for the reason that there are already four local asylums in our midst which give shelter to some five hundred IN NKW JKRSEY 427 orplians. The Catliulic Protector)- and the House of the Good Shepherd, the want of which is a matter ol' sad and ahnost dail)' experience, liax'e hitlierto existed only in intention and in hope, but the time has now come when our desires and anticipations are about to be converted into reaUty. With (jod's blessinj^-, the House oi the Gootl Shepherd, under the charge of the de\(>teil sisters of the same name, will be opened m Newark on May 24th, the Feast of our I.ady, Help of Chris- tians. About the same time the Catholic Protectory will be inaugurateil at Denville, Morris County, vmder the direction ot the Brothers ot St. Francis. In both institutions, besides a care- ful moral and religious training, the inmates will be taught habits ■jiir: ( I) Mna'iu:Kii. m;\\-\kk. of industry and usefulness. The boys will be taught trades and the labors of the farm ; and the girls to ply the needle, operate on sewing-machines, and be instructed in other similar employments suited to tlieir station in life, so that in the course of two or three )ears, wlien tlie first expenses shall have been defra)ed, both institutions in a large measure at least will be self-supporting. The Protectory farm cost )R30,000. It contains over two hun- dred acres of land, one-half of which is alread)- cleared; a large brick mansion, in good repair, capable of accommodating at once sixty children; a neat frame cottage, newly built, with various out-buildings, barns, stables, and a good suppl)' of stock and farm- ing utensils. The House of the (iood Shepherd consists of two large brick buildings, in good order, on High Street, near Central Avenue, Newark, in a most healthy location, and with two vacant lots ad- joining affording sufficient recreation ground for the sisters and inmates. The buildings and property cost ^27,500, and will 428 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH afford accommodations for one hundred children. It will be open for inspection on the 20th, 21st, and 22d of May. The great difficulty in maintaining these excellent institutions will meet us at the very start. It will be necessary for us to raise this year a sum sufficient to pay the interest on the outlay, and, if possible, something on the principal ; also a sum sufficient to defray the expenses of furnishing plainly and fitting up both houses, besides contributing to their support. We will need in all fully twice as much as is raised by an ordinary diocesan collec- tion. Year by year it is expected that these collections will pay the interest and gradually pay off the principal. To meet the wants of the occasion, I hereby order a collection to be taken up in all the churches of the diocese on Pentecost Sunday, the i6th of May. Instead of a separate collection for each charity, only one is ordered for both ; but as both institutions are sadly needed for the salvation of souls throughout the whole diocese, it is con- fidently expected that the returns from every parish will be large in proportion. It is specially appropriate that the commencement of these great works should occur in the year of Jubilee. I need not remind you, reverend sir, of the necessity which presses on us all, of providing a shelter and the means of reforma- tion for the many poor children of Catholic parentage who other- wise would be lost to themselves and to the Church. The Sacred Heart of our Saviour, during His public ministry on earth, has given us the most touching examples of tender mercy toward the wayward and the sinner. His parables of the Prodigal Son and of the lost sheep have suggested to penitents from century to cen- tury the hope of pardon and of reconciliation with Him. Our Lord Himself foretold that wherever His gospel should be preached, the name and the forgiveness of Magdalene would also be recorded ; and it is not without significance that Divine Provi- dence, who ordains all things — even the number of sands on the seashore — should divide the station of honor at the foot of the Cross of Calvary between Mary the Immaculate and Mary the Penitent, and that of the various apparitions of our risen Lord recorded in the Scriptures the first of all was to her who had been a sinner. The whole history of the Church is full of examples of the efforts made at all times to reclaim the souls of those for whom our Saviour died. Finally, I need not stop to remind you of the efforts vainly made thus far in the Legislature of this State to obtain freedom of conscience for the unfortunate Catholic children confined in the State Reform Schools. With a bigotry which, if it proceed from honest conviction, argues an amount of ignorance which to our minds is simply astounding, the petition to grant liberty of religious worship to those confined in prisons, reformatories, and similar institutions has been shamefully rejected by men who claim to be enlightened enough to ask our suffrages that they may make our laws; men in whose minds, if we may judge from their actions, liberty of conscience means liberty for them and IN NEW JERSEY 429 intolerance for their Catholic fellow-citizens. I merely allude to this utter want of fairness that you may say to your people that, besides the divine plea of charity, they are bound to support the Catholic Protectory in self-defence and in protection of the natural rights of their children, lest, should they have the misfortune to enter a State reform school, they be compelled to attend regularly to religious exercises that their conscience must indignantly reject. Please explain this matter plainly and clearly to your flock ; make them understand that, relying on little or no help from with- out, we must build and maintain our own institutions. We pay our taxes for Protestant reformatories, but we must support our own. Many a bruised heart will be consoled that we have at length a home where wayward children, often the victims of circum- stances or of temptation more than of wilful crime, may be sent for protection without running the risk of losing their faith and of endangering that without which it will " profit a man nothing to gain the whole world." I rely upon your zeal for souls and our holy religion to do all that you can to promote these good works, and I trust that we may all have the satisfaction of feeling at our last moment that no soul has perished through any fault of ours. The returns of the collections will be made as soon as possible to the Very Rev. G. H. Doane, V.G. I remain. Rev. Dear Sir, With kind regards. Very truly yours in Christ, 4« Michael, Bishop of Newark. The attention of Bishop Corrigan was called in October, 1875, to the number of Italian Catholic immigrants who had located in his episcopal city. Bishop Corrigan commissioned the Rev. Jos. Borghese, an assistant at the cathedral, to take the, census of the Italian Catholics of Newark, with the result that they were found to number 235 in all. In April, 1876, owing to the rapid growth of Catholicity throughout the State, and the difficulty of giving the Catholics spread over this vast territory the necessary care and supervision, Bishop Corrigan began to consider the division of the diocese, and the separation of the southern part into a distinct diocese, with Trenton as the episcopal city. On the 26th of the same month Seton Hall received as a guest His Eminence Cardinal McCloskey, who had been prostrated with an attack of malaria, and was advised by his physicians to seek rest and restoration of health in the mountains, His Eminence remained five weeks and returned to New York entirely restored. 430 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH In the spring of this same year an event occurred which greatly troubled the Catholics of Hudson County. A railroad company, desirous of shortening its line, sought to obtain a strip of the Hudson County Catholic Cemetery. Without seeking to familiarize himself with the exact conditions prevalent there, Bishop Corrigan gave his consent to the proposed sale. Unfor- tunately the section to be sold had been used for the interment of the poorer classes. The Catholics were greatly agitated. Meet- ings were held in which their indignation was \'oiced, and protests were passed against the desecration of the dead. Both the bishop and the company were forced to retire from their positions. On May 8th, 1878, an important synod of the clergy of the diocese was held in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Newark, and lasted two days. Many matters were discussed, and the legislation of former synods supplemented here and there by extracts from the Council of Baltimore and more recent decisions of the Holy See. The establishment of the House of the Good Shepherd in Newark and the Catholic Protectory in Denville proved a great financial burden. To meet the obligations of these institutions Bishop Corrigan was obliged to use temporarily the "Peter's pence '' collection taken up in the diocese, and as he was about to make his visitation ad limina, and consequently to lay at the feet of the Holy Father the sums collected from the faithful, he was at a loss whence to obtain the moneys. A young priest attached to the cathedral staff, the Rev. John A. Sheppard, suggested to Bishop Corrigan the advisability of establishing in the Diocese- of Newark a union similar to that organized in New York City by the Rev. Father Drumgoole. The many solicitors for this noble work in the city of Newark, and chief among them a most worthy and devout matron, Mrs. Bridget Maher, had repeatedly urged Father Sheppard to induce the bishop to establish a similar union in Newark for the Denville protectory. With considerable misgivings and assured that no possible loss would accrue to the diocese Bishop Corrigan gave a somewhat reluctant consent. This was the initial movement of the " Sacred Heart Union," which from that day to this has accomplished so much of good for the support of the boys, not only in Denville, but in the present well-appointed and admirably conducted pro- tectory at Arlington. It is but just to allow the founder of this admirable work to make known the success of his first efforts. IN NEW JERSEY 431 The following words were printed in the first number of TIic Sacred Heart Union by Father Sheppard, who outliites the scope of the work and details the results of the first efforts: Our Present Success. We have been anxiously awaiting the day when we could put this little sheet into the hands of our many friends. We have been wanting to thank them for their efforts, and we have been wanting" to say to them that their efforts have always filled us with courage. They assured us that we were engaged in a popular work, and that the people themselves would see to it that the work should go on and prosper. Our first undertaking to pay off the debt that has accumulated upon our protectory, so that in time we might be able to throw its doors wide open to all that would be offered us or recommended to us for reformation, we need scarcely say that the task seemed a heavy one, nay, an impractical one; but the kind words of our good bishop, since made Coadjutor-Archbishop of New York, filled us with hope. In his pastoral letter addressed to the clergy he recommended, among other things, this institution to their special care. This was sufficient, for we knew that a word from him to the priests who ever loved him would guarantee our success. The clergy, almost without exception, thanks to their kindness and generosity, though they were struggling under heavy debts of their own, gave us their assistance and bade us, each one in his own parish, God-speed. A word from the clerg\', and the laity were ready and willing to pay their mite of twenty-fi\c cents, while others, more charita- bly inclined, sent us their donations. Three gentlemen particularly we must mention for their kind- ness in rendering us assistance as soon as they heard there was a united effort in our midst to give our many wandering boys a chance of bettering their condition. These were the^Rev. P. I.. Connolly, of Amboy; Dr. Morrogh, of New Brunswick; and D. F. Cooney, of Jersey City. We have not asked permission of these gentlemen to use their names, but we thought their example worthy of imitation, and we saw no better opportunity of present- ing our thanks in a manner wc^rthy of their offering. Our efforts this )'ear were- e\en more successful than we looked for, and we have to state for the satisfaction of our mem- bers that we ha\'e been enabled by their offerings to reduce the debt ^7,000, to pay insurance, interest on mortgages, the salary of brothers who are in charge, the expenses of a visiting clergy- man, and our bills for printing cards of membership to the union, making in all a total of nearly ^10,000 raised during the last year. The coming year we will expect our solicitors to again favor us with their valuable and duly appreciated services. Faithfully 432 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH and energetically indeed have they laborea, and we pray God to grant them their reward. One letter we shall never forget. It was from an old gentleman in a country district. He sent us returns, telling us at the same time of the miles that he was obliged to walk through the warm sultry days of July in order to raise the sum he had forwarded. We could not help admiring his earnestness and thinking to ourselves that the good angels of God must have looked down upon his footsteps and registered them in heaven for that great day of reckoning when time for him will be no more. Think over it, kind reader: if, in every city where there are people who have leisure, some would make it their business, like this good man, to go among their friends and collect the small sum that is asked for, how much good might be effected in our midst ! There are to-day children in every city in our State, young boys showing signs of intelligence, who would be able to go through the world with success, were it not that they are thrown upon the streets, where they contract vicious habits that grow upon them and that make them in time useless members of society and a disgrace to their religion. The object of our union is to lay hold of such boys, to give them a proper idea of themselves, to make them feel that they are not neglected, that society regards them as its members, and that the Church particularly considers them her children. But this object, praiseworthy though it may be, can never be accomplished unless there be united and untiring action upon the part of the members. Hence let us .set ourselves to work with earnestness, with the thought that there are hun- dreds in our midst whom we may aid in the salvation of their souls. Often during the past year have they been brought to us and we have been asked to take them and send them to the protec- tory, where they might learn their religion and be schooled in a way that would be of profit to them in the future. Thanks to God, we have been able to receive some, but others we were obliged to send away. We did the very best we could. Those we thought could be looked after by their parents we refused, while others we received. Many indeed there were that we would have wished to receive, but in our present crippled condition we found it impossible. To-day our house is full and the good brothers in charge are doing as well as can be expected for the present. In time, when our debt has been paid, we hope to be able to offer a home to our boys similar to that described in another column under the head- ing of "Artane's Industrial School." Read that article; it will afford you much pleasure, and without doubt you will be led to believe that what has been accomplished beyond the ocean may likewise be done here, if we only exert ourselves. We certainly should do as much for our boys, if not more, than they are doing abroad. We have more people of means, and the poorest of us is able to do something, be it ever so little. We trust then that this IN NEW JERSEY 433 small sheet will not be put into your hands in vain. We speak in behalf of the poor, asking you to assist them ; in behalf of the children who are going about our streets, looking for the care that parents, if living, would grant them. We beg from you for these children. We wish to give them a home, to provide for their wants, to see that they are instructed in their religion, to give them an idea of how they must meet the world and succeed in it. Doubtless many men there are to-day filling positions in society who, if they had been left to the care of a cold, selfish world, would be on our streets, doing no good and capable of much mischief. Newsboys' Lodging House. A year has already gone by since we had the pleasure of ad- dressing our many friends in behalf of the Sacred Heart Union. It has been a year of joy for the Diocese of Newark. It affords us no little pleasure to say to our members that his Lordship fully appreciates the services of the Sacred Heart Union, and, in his circular letter of November 26th to the clergy of the diocese, states that the " money contributed by the mem- bers of the Union has helped materially to sustain the protectory, and has gone far toward liquidating the debt on the same." He therefore " bespeaks for it the same zeal and interest that have been so beautifully and charitably manifested in the past by the reverend clergy and laity of the diocese." With such words of encouragement, coming as they do from our bishop, we feel assured that the clergy will do all in their power to favor our interests, and that the laity will not be appealed to in vain, while whatever of time and of labor can be spared by the director of the Union apart from his other duties will be given unremittingly to the charitable work in which we are engaged. It will assuredly be most stimulating to our solicitors to know that our gross receipts for 1881, through their labors, have been about $13,000. With this we are enabled to pay off $8,000 of the debt, make some improvements about the protectory, pay the salary of those in charge, beside that of a resident clergyman, interest on mortgages, insurance, etc., and furnish our members with 50,000 copies of our Sacred Heart Union and an equal num- ber of cards of membership, and this all through the small offer- ing of 25 cents. In June, 1880, Bishop Corrigan introduced into the city of Newark a community of Dominican nuns whose lives are devoted to the perpetual adoration of the most Blessed Sacrament. Four sisters arrived in Newark from the Dominican monastery of the Blessed Sacrament at Oullins, near Lyons, in France. Of these two were French and two were Americans who had entered the 28 434 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH convent in view of this present foundation. The Rev. Mother Mary of Jesus, one of the two Americans, was tlie first prioress of the new community. She remained in office until 1889, when Bishop Corrigan called for a foundation in his archdiocese. Ac- cordingly Mother Mary of Jesus with seven sisters left Newark to open another convent of perpetual adoration at Hunt's Point, N. Y. Sister Mar)- Immanuel then became prioress and has remained in office ever since. During the priorate of Mother Mary of Jesus the present monastery on Thirteenth Avenue was built. Here the Blessed Sacrament is perpetually exposed and the chapel is opened to the faithful every day from fi\'e o'clock in the morn- ing until half-past eight in the evening. During the night as well as during the day the enclosed sisters succeed each other by fours and threes, hour by hour, keeping watch before our Eucharistic God. The community is composed of choir nuns, lay sisters, and outside sisters ; these latter attend to all the outside business of the monastery. St. Mary's Church, Paterson, N. J. St. Mary's Church was founded by Very Rev. Dean McNul- ty, present rector of St. John's Church. On June i8th, 1872, eight lots were purchased, four on Sherman Avenue and four on Wayne Avenue. The corner-stone of the new church, a two-story brick building, forty feet wide b}- one hundred feet long, was laid October 12th, 1873. The church was dedicated May 9th and the first Mass was said August 9th, 1875. In the same year, Septem- ber 14th, the Dominican Sisters from Second Street, New York, came to teach school. For si.x years the new parish was attended by the priests of St. John's Church, and in September, 1880, the Rev. James Curran was appointed first resident rector. Shortly after his arrival he built a substantial two-story brick rectory on Wayne Avenue, In 1883 Father Curran was transferred to the Arlington Protector)-, and was succeeded b)- Rev. Samuel Walsh. The new rector did not remain long in charge, as death called him to his eternal reward February 25th, 1885, and the Rev. Isaac P. Whelan took charge March 6th of the same year. Young and energetic he soon liquidated the debt on the prop- erty. The parish grew and flourished under his administration, and in a short time it became apparent that it was necessar\' to build a new and larger church. In August, 1889, property was bought at the corner of Union and Albion avenues, in a more IN NF.W J^:RSKY 435 central location. Un Sunday, (Jctubei- 12th, 1890, the cornci-- stone of the new church was laid by Rl. Re\'. W. M. Wiygcr. The new eliui'ch is a coninKxlious Ijuildini;" oi" Roman L;"olden-mot- tied brick in the old Italian st)de ot ai'diitcctLU'e, similar to the ancient Roman basilicas, consisting ol a nax'e and two aisles. It was tledicated the lojlowing October, the X'ei")' Re\'. iJean McNulty being- the eelebrant of the first ?ilass. Encouraged b)' ^^ ^B the generous sup|:)(ji"t ol the peo- Ipy ^^^ pie, b'ather W'helan, in June, 1891, began the construction of a new brick rectory near the church. When the I'ectory was finished the old priest's house became tlie home ST. .M.\RV S tHlKLII, l'.VTKK,S(i.\. ivector\- oil the li.tj^lit. of the sisters, and the old chunli was transformeil into a school and hall. Father Wlielan remained in .St. I\rai-\'s until Iul\-, 1896, wheir he was transferred to .St. AIar\'s, 15a\"i)nne, and was succeeded by Rew M. V. Downes, who died March 14th, 1898. It was (Kn-ing the administration of b'ather Downes that the fii'st assistant priest was apjiointed, in the person of Re\-. Teix-nce Maguire. The present rector, Rew M. S. Callan, was ti-ansfen-ed from St. Lawrence's Churcli, W'cehawken, A|iril ist, 1898. Uur- 436 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH ing- his administration, besides reducing the del)t considerably, he purchased a house and two lots adjoining the school for the pur- pose of building a permanent hnme for the Young Men's Lyceum, who were using the hall in the old school building as a clubroom. In August, 1902, ground was broken for the new clubliouse, which was finished in November of the same )'ear. Father Maguire was succeeded, September, 1902, by Rew William Carlin, who, in June, 1903, was sent to jMontclair as assistant to Father Mendl The present assistant is Rev. James Smith. The present pastor, the Rev. Matthew S. Callan, was born m Dunber, county Louth, Ireland, m Jul)-, 1S60. His preparatory studies were made in St. Charles's College, Maryland, and he was graduated from Seton Hall in the class of '80. He was ordained June 7th, 1884, and assigned successi\-el\' to St. Joseph's, Pater- son, St. Patrick's, Elizabeth, St. Aloysius's, Newark, and St. Michael's, Jersey Cit)'. He was rector of St, Law- rence's, Weehawken, in ;\rarch, 1892, and labored in this parish until his promo- tion to St. Mary's, Paterson St. Joseph's Parish, Hoboken, N. J. St JosEPn'.s P.\Risn was founded in the }'ear 1872 by the Very Rev. Alphonsus Zdcller, D.D, O.M C , and was in tlie beginning com- posed entirel)' of Germans. It was nut long, however, until the influ.x of English- and Italian-speaking jieoiile to that pait of the cit\' made it necessary that the\' also be comprised within the par- ish ; and it thus remained a triple-speaking pai'ish imtil the formation of a separate parish for the Italians, and a similar mo\'ement for the Germans, leaving St. Joseph's entirely for the iMiglish. Father Alphonsus was succeeded l)y Rev. P'athers Uommic ST. JOSEPH S CHURCH, HOBOKEN. IN NEW JERSEY 437 Marzetti, Francis Lehner, Anselm Auling, Joseph Frewin, and Michael McEvoy, all who, like the founder, belonged to the Order of Friars Minor Conventuals of St. Francis. Under the wise and able leadership of these Fathers, and seconded by the hearty cooperation of the lay members, the par- ish has flourished and prospered. At present it possesses a beau- tiful new church of Vermont marble, which has cost ^75,000, a large three-story school in which 450 pupils receive their educa- tion under the direction of Franciscan Sisters ; likewise a dwell- ing for the clergy and sisters. The plan for a new rectory to cost $20,000 is being prepared. The number of families belonging to the parish is about 500. The assistants at present are Rev. Father Nicholas Donohoe, O.M.C., and Rev. H. McMahon, O.M.C. St. Joseph's Church, Carlstadt. A MEETING of the Catholics of Carlstadt was called on the 17th of January, 1872, to devise measures to erect a church. The little frame church was built in the summer of 1873. The Rev. John Schandel, at that time pastor of Passaic, supervised the work and attended to the wants of the mission. In May, 1876, Father Schandel was succeeded by the Rev. A. Shuttlehofer. In 1^877, in the month of November, the Rev. Gerard Funcke was appointed to take charge of the parish. Father Funcke opened a school in the basement of the church and served the parish until the month of August, 1885, when he was transferred to St. Mary's, Dover, and succeeded by the Rev. Camillus Mondorf. Father Mondorf, born October 21st, 1844, at Sieglar, Rhine Provinces, made his preparatory and theological studies in Ger- many and Belgium, was ordained at Ogdensburg, N. Y., on Janu- ary 1st, 1877, and received into the Diocese of Newark in 1882. Holy Trinity Church, Westfield. Since 1872 the portion of Union County between Plainfield and Elizabeth has been under the care of a resident pastor. Holy Trinity Church, Westfield, might be called the parent church of this parish, for it was the first erected. Before 1872 Westfield was a mission station attended occasionally by priests from the neighboring parishes. Although but few Catholics resided here 43 « THK CATHOLIC CHURCH fi.ivt)- years aL;-(), their S]iiritiial needs weix- attended to by either the pastor of Stonv Hill oi- t1ie pastor i>f Rahway. To these jilaces the Catholics went tn Mass on Sundays. At a later period, it is said, some of tlie present cony'reL;'ation utilized the railroad hand-ear on Sunday mornings. As many men and women as it wovild accommodate journeyed to Plainfield or Elizabeth to attend early Mass. Of those who enjoyed that early morning i-ide but few now ix-main. They gi\e eyidence, howe\'er, in their old age that the same los'c of God's service continues with them, for they neyer neglect the Sunday Mass. There are no authentic I'ecords of the visits made by various priests for the purpose of offering the Holy Sacrifice. Stony Hill, Millburn, Rahwa\', and Elizabeth seem to have sent a priest occasionall)' to the people of Westfield. Since the establishment of a parish at Plainfield the pastor there has often lent a hel]iing hand when necessity required it. Old residents remember with pleasuj-e the \'isits of the Rew Thomas (,2"''^- "'-" Rahwaw who on man\" occasions came to \\'estfield and enabled the then growing congregation to assist at Hob- Mass. At this time l""ather Ouin did not liaye the con\enience of a cliurch, but he gathered his little con- gregation, as did the earl\- missionar)' fathers, at an\' suitable tlwelling. The ]ilace usually selected was a house on Broad Street, now occupietl as a grocery by Mr. D. V. Miller. At length Eather Ouin's duties in Rahway prevented him from gi\-- iiig further attention to Westfield. It then became united to Ston}' Hill, and, together with Cranford, foianed a new ]iarish under the care of the Rev. G. 1. Misdziol, populaidy known as "P'athcr Mitchell." Eather Misdziol celebrated Mass on Sundays, alternateb', for the people of Cranford and Westfield, and resided at the latter place. St. Mar)''s, Stony Hill, continued to have Mass eyeiy Sunday. It had been a ]iarish church for several \-ears. Erom this time begins the history of HolyTrinit)' (Hiurch. The zealous HOLY TRINITY, WESTFIELD. IN NEW JERSEY 439 labors of Father Misdziol were directed toward the formation of tlie new parish and the erection of a church in each town. In this latter duty he met with considerable difficulty — at first in West- field and afterward in Cranford. For some time he was unable to secure an eligible site in Westfield. The only available spot seemed to be that on which the church now stands. This was purchased for the sum of ^600 in 1872. It had formerly been a part of the Fierson farm. The church was incorporated September 2d, 1872, with the following board of trustees : President, Rt. Rev. James Roosevelt Bayley, D.D.; vice-president, Very Rev. M. A. Corrigan, V.G. ; secretary and treasurer, Rev. G. I. Misdziol; lay trustees, John Feeley and Daniel O'Connor. Father Misdziol at once began preparations for building. He received generous cooperation from his congregation and from many of the non-Catholics of Westfield. A considerable time elapsed, however, before the nfew building was ready for the con- gregation. The only convenient place in which they could gather was the freight-house of the Central Railroad. Many of the men were employees of the railroad. On Saturda)' evenings they and their wives brought brooms and dusting brushes, and carefully prepared that which was to become, for a time at least, the temple of God. Many will, no doubt, remember the pleasure that came to them as they prepared the temporary altar in the freight-house. Their experience, however, was not different from that of other Catholics throughout the countr}'. When Father Misdziol began the erection of the church his congregation numbered about 100 souls — men, women, and chil- dren. To-day they number over 300. It may be said to the praise of the people of Holy Trinity that they celebrated their silver jubi- lee free from debt. In September, 1903, Westfield was detached from Cranford by Bishop O'Connor and erected into a separate parish, with the Rev. Peter E. Reilly as the first pastor. Father Reilly was born in Lambertville, N. J., and his theological studies were made in Innspruck, Tyrol, where he was ordained. For some years he was assistant in St. Paul's, Greenville, and after in St. John's, Pat- er.'snn. He met his new congregation September 13th, 1903. 440 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH St. Michael's Church, Cranford. The name of Father Misdziol is closely connected not only with Holy Trinity Church, but also with St. Michael's, Cranford. The latter church was incorporated October 7th, 1872, with the following board of trustees : President, Rt. Rev. M. A. Corrigan, D.D.; vice-president. Very Rev. G. H. Doane, V.G.; secretary and treasurer, Rev. G. I. Misdziol; lay trustees, Sylvester Cahill, Jr., and Michael O'Brien. Father Misdziol came to Cranford every second Sunday to celebrate Mass. For a time the small congregation gathered at the house of Terence Brennan on South Avenue. When the number increased they secured the use of a large room in what was known as " the Mill," situated on the property now occupied by Mr. E. Bookout. For some time the Mill continued to serve as a church. The devotion of the people was not, however, satisfied with this condition of affairs. They desired to have a church of their own in which they might have Mass every Sunday. With this intention a delegation visited Bishop Corrigan, afterward Arch- bishop of New York. They received from him the pleasing as- surance that if the congregation would build the church he would provide a priest so that they might have Mass every Sunday. On the return of the committee collectors were appointed to solicit subscriptions. After several weeks the amount collected was so trivial that the project was almost abandoned. It was at this time that, in a spirit of heroic self-sacrifice, a number of the men determined to take upon themselves the task of building the church. Michael Hennessy, Joseph Stephenson, James Millon, Edward Shea, Michael O'Brien, and Patrick Corcoran each bound himself to the amount of ^500 to raise sufficient funds to build the church. Some of them even offered to mortgage their homes to secure the pledge they made. Sylvester Cahill, Sr., gave the use of two lots for such time as the church should be situated thereon. After the church had been dedicated, however, Mr. Cahill removed this condition and gave an absolute deed of sale of the two lots to St. Michael's Church. This site was on Orange Avenue, and was the first location of the church. It is now occu- pied by the residence of Mr. W. F. Neipp. Father Misdziol, who began the preliminary work of the church, did not remain to com- plete it. The worry and annoyances incident to the establish- ment of the two parishes undermined his health and compelled IN NEW JERSEY 441 him to resign his pastorate. He still retained charge of Stony Hill, and, in addition, \'isited Baskingridge and Sterling. His menior}' is held in loxing esteem by the people of t'lanford and Westlield. Father Misdziol was succeeded b)' Re\s. P. S. Dag- nault, A. Bergman, and Aug. Eberhard, Each remained but a short time. Bishop Corrigan then made a new assignment of priests and a new arrangement of parish lines. On June 12th, 1877, the two towns, together with Roselle, became one parish under the Rev. W. J. Wiseman. Father Wiseman for a short time continued to reside at ^Vest- field, but in oriler that he might be ecjually distant from the ex- ST. MICHAEL S CHURCH, CRANFdRD. tremes of his parish he soon located in Cranford. In the begin- ning of his pastorate in Cranford he exi^erienced a great many difficulties. At first he had no fi.xed parochial residence. Sev- eral houses are still pointed out as "the former residence" ol Father Wiseman. He found man)' misunderstandings existing between the mechanics and those who made themselves respon- sible for the fund. Indeed, his arrival as the pastor of the new church was most opportune. His first act was to assume the payment of the necessary debts in connection with the new build- ing. It had been enclosed, but by no means finished, as it pos- sessed neither pews nor altar. 442 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Roselle, in the mean time, had begun to attract attention. By reason of the increasing number of Catholics it seemed that there would soon be need of a church. An effort was made by Father Wiseman for this purpose, but without success. Many of the Ro- selle people thought it best to defer the building of a church. They signified their intention of attending St. Michael's, provided it might be more conveniently located. With the intention of ac- commodating them Father Wiseman purchased property, and, with the consent of the bishop, moved the church to the new site, where it has since remained. From this time, and during the remainder of Father Wiseman's pastorate, a cloud of discontent seemed to hang over St. Michael's Church. Many of the Cran- ford people were displeased with his action in moving the church. Father Wiseman is no longer among the living, but in defence of his memory it is simple justice to say that his action in this matter was really conscientious and done with the best intention for the spiritual good of those under his care. In many congrega- tions there may be found men who have little regard for the diffi- culties that surround a priest in the performance of his duty. They are ever ready to impute motives and to criticise any line of policy not in accordance with their own \'iews. With some of these Father Wiseman had to contend. Contrary to the impres- sion of many of St. Michael's people, the moving of the church from Orange A\'enue to Elizabeth Avenue made no increase in the church debt. The expenses incurred were paid for almost entirely by the Roselle people. Time has made many changes in the congregations of Cranford and Westfield. Probably not more than eight or nine families now reside in either place who were under the pastoral care of Father Misdziol. A tradition of memories surrounds the two old churches. We hear at times the names of faithful children of the mother church who are now resting with their brethren in the cemeteries at Plainfield, Eliza- beth, or New York. Their faithful observance of God's com- mandments brought honor to their church. A new generation now takes the place of the pioneers — new arrivals from the over- growth of neighlioring large cities. The homeseeker has found in Roselle, Cranford, and Westfield a habitation that combines the pleasures of rural and city life. The Rev. James P. Smith was appointed rector of Cranford, March 8th, 1891, and continued his truly apostolic labors in this field until his promotion to St. Peter's, Belleville. Father Smith, born in Jersey City, N. J., December 14th, 1858, was educated IN NEW JERSEY 443 partly at St. Charles's, Maryland, and partly at Seton Hall, of which he is an alumnus of the class of '81. His theological studies were made in Seton Hall, and he was ordained in the cathedral May 30th, 1885. His first mission was the Protectory at Arlington, then St. Mary's, Morristown, and St. Bridget's, Jersey City, where he remained four years, until his appointment to Cranford. Like Chaucer's good priest, "always afoot," he visited every nook and corner of his parish, allayed discontent, and built up a united, fervent congregation. He is not forgotten by his old flock, nor will his memory soon fade from their hearts. His successor was the Rev. Francis J. Murphy, who was com- pelled by ill health to resign. The Rev. John A. Westman, Vice- President of Seton Hall, was appointed administrator of the par- ish March 5th, 1902. Father Westman, born in Paterson, N. J., September 29th, 1872, was educated at Seton Hall, from which he was graduated with the class of '93. Having finished his course of theology at Seton Hall Seminary, he was ordained in the cathedral, Newark, June 12th, 1897. Father Westman has since been made rector of the parish, and to his appeals and efforts the congregation has responded so generously and promptly that it now possesses a new church and rectory. In his zeal he has not o\'erlooked the Italians, who have flocked during the last ten years into the different missions with which he is charged. A chapel and school have been opened for them, and his efforts in their behalf have been ably seconded by the Rev. J. F. Dolan, his assistant. St. Joseph's Church, Roselle. Another mission of the Cranford Parish, comprising the borough of Roselle and a part of Union township, became incor- porated in 1895 as St. Joseph's Catholic Church, Roselle, N. J. The board of trustees were the following: President, Rt. Rev. W. M,. Wigger, D.D.; vice-president, Very Rev. John J. O'Connor, V.G.; secretary and treasurer. Rev. J. P. Smith; lay trustees, James Maguire and Charles H. Pennell. A site was selected, corner Third A\'enue and Walnut Street, and was purchased October ist, 1895. The corner-stone of the new church was laid October 24th, 1897, and the dedication took place May ist, 1898. The events connected with the short life of St. Joseph's Church are still so recent that they need not be here related. The new parish is under obligations to many friends who have already extended to it a generous sympathy and by liberal gifts have lightened the church debt. 444 THK CATHOLIC CHURCH The plans of the new church had not yet been completed when death claimed two members of the parish. They were equall)- ei-ithusiastic for the erection of the church, and for many years had )'earned for the day when they should see a Catholic church in Roselle; but this pleasure they did not enjo)'. On May 13th, i8g6, Charles H. Pennell, one of the incor])orators of St. Joseph's Church, died. Mr. I^ennell f(.)r man)' years had been associated with St. Michael's, Cranford, as lay trustee. He had not, how- ever, been alwa)-s a Catholic. P'rom the time of his recep- tion into the church by Bishop Corrigan in 1878 he took an acti\e interest in all its affairs. When it was pro- posed to establish a church in Roselle, he became ecjual- ly zealous to have the new church meet with success. His successor as lay trustee, George E. I-^ardy, died with- in a year, April 15th, 1897. By a singular coincidence the particulars attending their last ill- ness were almost the same. Mr. Hardy and Mr. Pennell each merited the esteem of their fellow-citizens, and each died deeply regretted by a host of friends. ST. JOSEPH S CHURCH, ROSELLE. St. Columba's Church, Newark. The dream of the Catholics of Newark that they were soon to have their cathedral, fronting Cincoln Park and rearing aloft its cross among the mansions of the city's financial magnates, seemed to be on the A'crge of realization when Ur. Corrigan, the adminis- trator, laid the corner-stone of the cathedral chapel, November 2 1 St, 1869. The chapel was, indeed, erected, but the cathedral was not, on that site at least. In the autmnn of 187 1 the Rev. Charles A. Reilly, one of the pro-cathedral staff, was appointed to organize a new parish in the southern section (.if the city, and around the cathedral chapel the congregation grew. After a short time the name of the church was changed to St. Columba — the "Dove of the Church," a scion of the royal house of Leinster, IN NEW JKRSEY 445 son of the great Niall, and the Apostle of Caledonia. l'"ather Rcill)' was born in the county Cavan, Ireland, and after tlie com- pletion of his classical studies in St. hVancis Xa\'iei''s he studied theology both at St. Mary's, Baltimore, and Setun Hall, wlicie lie was ordained, March i6th, 1867. His talents were nf a Ihgli order, and to a grace of manner was added the possession of a rare tenor voice, wliieh he used in his speeclu's and sci'inous with ST. C(JLUMIiA S CIICKCII, NKWAKK. Rectory on left. tact and ability. The latter }-ears of Ins life were chiuded by physical ailments, which held in thrall a ner\'ous and actixe tem- perament, and prevented hinr from accomplishing foi- the [larish all that he yearned to do. He died October 15th, 1S79, and was 446 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH succeeded by the Rev. Michael J. Holland. Father Holland was a cathedral boy, educated at St. Charles's, Maryland, and a gradu- ate of Seton Hall m the class of '70. He completed his theologi- cal studies in the American College, Rome, where he was ordained in 1875. His ministry, exercised in St. Joseph's, Jersey City, St. Mary's, Trenton, and St. Joseph's, Newark, was marked by ear- nest and never-wear\ing effort. Kind and obliging to his fellow- priests, he was the soul of loyalty to his friends and to his pastors. He lived in an atmosphere of sunshine ahd contentment, which radiated out to those with whom he came in contact. And among all who knew him by none was he held in greater esteem than the charity charges in the poor-house or the pestilent victims of the isolated wards. In times of smallpox scoiu'ge not only his neigh- bors but his intimate friends gave him a wide berth, as all knew how assiduous he was in his attention to these unfortunates and how indifferent to the loathsome contagion. Father Holland worked hard to reduce the debt, so as to build a church more befitting the needs and dignity of the parish. He built a temporary school, but the realization of hi.s hopes was to be deferred to another. Father Holland died of a pulmonary malady in the month of August, 1896. His successor is the Rev. Michael J. White. Father White was born at Tallow, Waterford, Ireland, and after fini-shing his classical studies in Mount Melleray, he entered St. John's Seminary, Waterford, and afterward Maynooth, where he was ordained in June, 1878. He labored as assistant in St. John's, Faterson, St. Mar)''s, Dover, St. John's, Newark, and the cathe- dral. Bishop Wigger appointed Father White to found the new parish of St. Bridget's, Newark, where he built the school and a substantial brick church. He at once made the parishioners of St. Columba's realize that the debt had to disappear and the new church to leave the domain of rhapsody and become a substantial fact. And to-day they worship in a most beautiful and finished church. The rectory was built at the same time as the church, and the old rectory converted into a convent for the school sisters. Church of the Sacred Heart, Shadyside (Cliffside). The Catholics of Shadyside were formed into a congregation in March, 1873, and the Rev. Eusebius Sotis, who took charge of the congregation, opened a school about the same time. The priests who have ministered to the congregation were the Rev. Eusebius Sotis, M. J.Kerwin, J.M. Giraud, Francis O'Neill, and J. H, Hill. IN NEW JERSEY 447 The Rev. Walter A. Purcell became the first resident pastor on December ist, 1893. Father Purcell was born in New York City, November i8th, 1855. He made his preparatory studies at Manhattan College and his theological studies at Seton Hall. He was ordained June 7th, 1884, in the cathedral in Newark. He served as assistant at the college, attending, meanwhile, the mis- sions of Caldwell and Verona. He was likewise attached to St, Michael's, Jersey City; St. Columba's, Newark; St. Aloysius's, Newark; Seton Hall; administered to Summit; assisted at St. James's, Newark, and St. Mary's, Bayonne, until his appointment as pastor of Shadyside. Church of Our Lady of the Valley, Orange, N. J. The parish of Our Lady of the Valley, Orange, N. J., was organized September 8th, 1873. It had been a part of St. John's Parish, Orange. The first rector was Rev. G. A. Vassallo. The lay trustees were Messrs. Patrick Hayes and Edward B. Maroney. Mr. Hayes is still a trustee. The church, a • small but elegant stone building, had been a Protestant church, presumably Congregationalist. The above trustees, at their first meeting, voted to give a mortgage for the sum of $5,000 for three years to the trustees of the Valley Con- gregationalist Church, and to buy two lots and a house in the rear of the church, for which they were to pay in cash $1,100 and to give a mortgage for $800 for one year. October i ith, 1874, dur- ing the pastorate of the Rev. James A. Walsh, the trustees resolved to collect funds for a parochial house. March ist, 1878, the Rev. Walter M. A. Fleming "entered into an agreement with Mr. Patrick O'Rourke . . to extend, alter, and remodel said Church of Our Lady of the Valley," at a cost of $8,570. The church is located at the corner of Valley and Nassau streets. From the baptismal records we learn that Rev. G. A. Vassallo exercised the ministry in this church from September 7th, 1873, to August 15th, 1874. Rev. James A. Walsh, O.M.C., Septem- ber 6th, 1874, to April 29th, 1877. Rev. Walter M. A. Fleming, June loth, 1877, to July 20th, 1879. Rev. W. M. R. Callan, July 28th, 1879, to January 2Sth, 1898. He died February 25th, 1898. In 1891 Father Callan purchased a plot of ground adjoining the school and convent, 448 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH September yth, 1891, the trustees resolved "to increase the mortgage by $5,000, ... to provide suitable quarters for the young men of the })arish." December nth, 1891, it was resolved to erect a new building for the young men, the idea of enlarging the hall having been abandoned. September, 1892, Mr. D. Brown was appointed weekl}' col- lector at a salary oi $12 per week, to raise funds for the erection of a new church. The aboN'e collections could not have been verv successful, OUR I.ADY OF THE VALLEY, OKANliE \'ALLEV, because neither of the buildings was erected in the lifetime of I-'ather Callan. Labor Day, September 3d, 1894, a festival and garden party was held ttn the occasion of the raising of the flag, which together with the pole had been donated by some members of the G. A. 1^. and friends of the school. October 29th, 1895, the parish sustained a loss b)' a fire. The insurance cr)mpanies offered $1,793 -^^ compensation for the losses sustained, which Father Callan declined to accept. He preferred to ha\'e recourse to arbitration. His wisdom in the IN NEW JERSEY 449 matter appeared when the insurance companies increased their award to ^2,700, and this was accepted. On the death of Father Callan the Rev. Thomas A. Wallace succeeded to the pastorate. Father Wallace was born in New York City, July 17th, 1857, and made his preparatory studies in St. Francis Xavier's and St. Charles's, Mai'yland, and was graduated from Seton Hall in the class of '80. Having completed his theology in the diocesan seminary, he was ordained in the cathedral, Newark, June 7th, 1884. His service as assistant was confined to the cathedral, from 1884 to February 7th, 1893. He held the offices of chan- cellor, master of ceremonies, and bishop's secretary under Bishop Wigger, and has been honored with the same dignities and re- sponsibilities by Bishop O'Connor. He resigned the parish to resume his official duties February ist, 1903. During his pastor- ate Father Wallace built and equipped the lyceum for the young men of the parish. His successor is the present rector, the Rev. John F. Boylan, who was promoted from Franklin Furnace. Father Boylan read theology in Seton Hall, and was ordained in the cathedra], Newark, June 7th, 1884. He was assistant in St. Mary's, Hoboken, from June 21st, 1884, to the date of his ap- pointment to Franklin Furnace, March i6th, 1894. By his apos- tolic work in the extreme northern mission of the State, amid trials and difficulties silently and cheerfully borne, he endeared himself to his flock. Before his promotion he had the satisfac- tion of witnessing the dedication of the new church of the Im- maculate Conception, Franklin Furnace, which he built. The Rev. George Doane O'Neill, later diocesan chancellor and secre- tary, who died in Denver, Col., November, 1902, rendered effi- cient services as assistant in the "Valley." His successors are the Rev. Owen W. Clarke and the Rev. M. Donnelly. The par- ish school, with an enrollment of six hundred pupils, is taught by twelve Sisters of St. Joseph. Our Lady, Star of the Sea, Long Branch. The Catholics of this seaside resort were attended from the church at Red Bank. The first efforts to erect a church were made by the Rev. John Salaun, pastor of Red Bank, who took up his residence in Long Branch July ist, 1876, and built the church. Upon his resignation of the parish to return to France he was succeeded by the Rev. James A. Walsh, a Capuchin, who was received into the Diocese of Newark on September 7th, 29 45° THE CATHOLIC CHURCH 1874, and was made pkstor of Long Branch in the spring of 1877. Father Walsh built the pastoral residence and also the Church of the Holy Spirit at Asbury Park. His successor was the Rev. James Augustine McFaul, now Bishop of Trenton. Bishop McFaul was born June 6th, 1850, in the parish of Larne, Diocese of Connor, Ireland, and made his preparatory studies at St. Vincent's, Pennsylvania, and St. Francis Xavier's, New York, and his theological studies at Seton Hall, where he was ordained priest May 26th, 1877. His first services were ren- dered to St. Patrick's Parish, Jersey City ; later to the cathedral in Newark, St. Peter's, New Brunswick, and St. Mary's, Trenton. Bishop McFaul built St. Michael's Church, West End, and on his appointment to the pastorate of St. Mary's Cathedral, Tren- ton, and vicar-general of the diocese, he was succeeded by the Rev. William P. Cantwell. Father Cantwell made his preparatory studies at St. Charles's, Maryland, and at Seton Hall, where he was graduated with the class of '79. His theological studies were made at Seton Hall Seminary, where he was ordained priest. Father Cantwell has built a very fine stone school, hall, and lyceum in the central sec- tion of Long Branch. Church of the Immaculate Conception, Trenton. Immigration brought to Trenton a number of Catholics from Italy and Germany, who made their home principally in Cham- bersburg. It was to afford these an opportunity of practising their religion that Father Jachetti, in 1874, purchased a plot of ground on Chestnut Avenue and erected a frame church, which was dedicated the following year by Bishop Corrigan and called Our Lady of Lourdes. In the same year he built a college for the education of young men who wished to join the Franciscan Order. Owing to the increase of immigration the congregation soon outgrew the capacity of the church. Therefore, in the fall of 1887, Father Jachetti laid the foundation of a new church just to the north of the old one. The work of building went on rather slowly, but was finally completed and the church solemnly dedi- cated by Bishop O'Farrell on October 5th, 1890, under the title of the Immaculate Conception. Solemn Pontifical Mass was celebrated by Rt. Rev. Bishop Wigger, of Newark, assisted by many priests, and the sermon was preached by Bishop O'Farrell. The church is a Gothic stone building, capable of seating twelve IN NEW JERSEY 451 hundred people. In 1875 a school was opened in the basement of the convent, and continued there till 1880, when a new school was built. In 1892 Father Jachetti was transferred to Albany and was succeeded by Rev. Francis Lehner. He was in charge till nearly the end of 1895, and was followed by the Rev. Bona- venture Zoller, who, finding the school too small to accommodate all the children, built in 1897 an addition to it. It has room now for over six hundred pupils. In June, 1898, the corner-stone of a new college was laid. The work on the building was advanced so rapidly that it was blessed by Bishop McFaul and opened for students on September 28th of the same year. The college is a three-story brick building, hav- ing a frontage of no feet, and has all the equipments of a first- class institution. It is intended only for students who wish to become members of the Franciscan Order. One of the Francis- can Fathers is the Catholic chaplain to the State Prison. He de- votes a great deal of time and care to the inmates, instructing them in their faith and preparing them for the Sacraments. Mass is said every Sunday and instruction given twice a week. Be- sides their labors in Trenton, the Franciscan Fathers did consid- erable missionary work in different parts of the diocese and built churches in Camden, Riverton, Riverside, Beverly, Toms River, New Egypt, and Point Pleasant. The population of the Immacu- late Conception Parish is somewhat over three thousand. There are five hundred and fifteen children in the parochial school. St. Augustine's Church, Newark, N. J. In the year 1 874 it was decided to organize a congregation for the German Catholics in the northern part of Newark. This great work was entrusted to the zeal of the Rev. Carl A. Vogel, who, aided by the Rev. G. Prieth, of St. Peter's Church, entered into the spirit of the work with great enthusiasm, trusting to the help of the Almighty and to the ready assistance of the faithful German Catholics. As a true shepherd of his new fold. Father Vogel sought to gather the parishioners. One of the first to help the rev. Father in the great enterprise was Officer H. Schmidt, who contributed generously to the necessary funds. Encouraged by such good will. Father Vogel was soon able to call a number of Catholic men to a meeting, at which John J. Bien and Albert Feller were elected first trustees of the church. By permission of the Rt. Rev. M. A. Corrigan, the new congregation was incor- 452 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH ST. AUGUSTIXE S CHURCH, NEWARK, l)e^tn>^-ed bv fire. poratecl on October 2ist, 1874, inider the title of St. Augustine's Roman Catholic Church. The rector resided tcmi-ioraril)' at 302 Susse.x Avenue, later removed to 145 First Street Rev. Carl A. Vogel received Holy Orders July 25th, 1858, at St. Poelten in Austria, came to America in 1868, and after a few weeks' stay with the Redemptorist Fathers, became assistant priest at the Church of the Holy Trin- ity, AVilliamsburgh, Brook- lyn. The following year he was invited by the Rt. Rev. Bisho]i McQuaid, of Roches- ter, to the rectorate of St. Alphonsus's Church, Au- burn, N. Y. After five years of labor at this place he ac- cepted the invitation of Rt. Rev. M. A. Corrigan to or- ganize the new German Catholic congregation in Newark. During the erection of the church and school, Father Vogel adminis tered partly at St. Peter's and parti)' at St. Columba's Church, also visiting at times the Poor House. On October 24th, 1874, four lots, corner Susse.x Avenue and Jay Street, were bought from Col. Edward H. Wright for ^7,100 as a site for the church and school. December 8th, 1874, the corner-stone was laid by the Rt. Re\'. Bishop Corrigan, assisted by the vicar-gcneral, Mon- signor G, D. Doane, and a number (.)f priests. The parish counted 75 members at its beginning, with a fund of ^i, 056. go, which sum had been raised partially by subscriptions, and also by donations from members of St. Peter's and St. Mary's churches. The church was finished and dedicated on May 23d, 1875, to which happy event the parishioners were summoned by the ringing of a new bell called St. Augustine. The building of the parish house was begun June 15th and finished November, 1875. I" September of the same year the school opened with about 100 children and was placed in care of four Sisters of Christian Charity from Wilkesbarre, Pa., Sister Isabella superior. A valuable gift was received by the church in a relic of the Holy Cross and one of the patron saint, St. Augustine, which were donated by the Superior-General of the Redemptorist F"a- thers, Rt. Rev. N. Mauron, in Rome. IN NEW JERSEY 453 In 1884 the parish owned ten lots which were valued at ^12,900. Space does not permit the recital of the heroic exertions of the zealous priest, Father Vogel, and it is not astonishing that at last his health and strength gave out, and an administrator was ap- pointed him in the person of Rev. Ruppert Mueller. Father Vogel obtained a leave of absence to seek recovery at his home in Gratz, Austria, but his condition grew worse and at last God relieved his sufferings and called home the faithful worker to his eternal reward. Rev. Ruppert Mueller followed in the footsteps of Father Vogel. In September, 1890, a new rector was appointed in the person of Rev. G. Niedermayer, while Rev. R. Mueller was transferred to St. Nicholas's Church, Jersey City, where after a severe and long illness he died in the year 1891. Rev. G. Niedermayer thought it advisable to build a hall for exhibitions and entertainments. Lots on Norfolk and Jay streets were bought as a site for a new school building. On Christmas morning, 1892, the -.little church and school-house were totally ruined by a fire, the loss being estimated at about $20,000. The true cause of the dreadful accident has never been discovered. Were it not for the newly erected hall the congregation would have been dissolved. September 3d, 1893, the corner-stone of the new school building was laid by Rt. Rev. Bishop Wigger. Rev. Rudolf Huelsebusch, successor to Rev. G. Niedermayer, was born December 6th, 1868, in Steele, Prussia. He was ordained in Tyrol July 26th, 1893. September nth, 1893, he came to America; for two years and three months he was assistant priest at the Church of the Holy Family in Union Hill. November 19th, 1895, he took charge of St. Augus- tine's Parish in Newark, N. J. At present the congregation is in a flourishing condition. Honorable mention must be made of the venerable Sister Wenzeslas, who was superioress for nearly twenty-three years and was really a mother to St. Augustine's congregation. Eventful as the past has been to St. Augustine's Parish, ST. AUGUSTINE S CHURCH, NEWARK. 454 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH nevertheless the congregation flourishes, with the blessing of the Almighty, and its members trust once again to ha\'e an echfice worthy of the service of God for the sanctification of souls and a source of pride for the German Catholics in the city of Newark. The present debt on the St. Augustine's Church property is St. Antoninus's Church, Newark, N. J. The parish of St. Antoninus was founded by the Dominican Fathers in the year 1875. The first pastor to assume charge was the Rev. Stephen Byrne, O.P. For a short time Mass was cele- brated in a dwelling-house on Bank Street, near Eighth. The property on South Orange Avenue between Eighth and Ninth streets was purchased and the Floly Sacrifice was of- fered in a small frame struc- ture on Ninth Street until 1 882. In 1 878 Father Byrne was succeeded by Rev. H. D. Il.iban, O.P., S.T.L. After a term of three 3'ears Rev. J. P. Turner, O.P., was appoint- ed pastor in 1S81. During the pastorate of P'ather Turn- er the present chmxh on South Orange Avenue was erected. The dedicatory cer- emonies of the new church took place on Sunday, May 14th, 1882. Shortly after the opening (if the new church the old edifice was converted into a school and the Sisters of Charity were en- gaged for teaching. After a si.\-year term of office Father Turner retired, and Rev. J. A. Rochford, O.P., was appointed f(.)r three )'ears from 1887 to 1890. Father Rochford was succeeded by Rev. E. V. Pdood, O.P. In 1893 Rev. J. V. Colbert, O.P., took charge of the pari.sh and served two terms. During the second term of Father Col- bert the new parochial school was built to take the place of the small wooden structure. The present pastor of the church is Rev. ]. R. Meagher, O.P., S.T.L., and has entered upon his second term of office, having been appointed in October, 1899. P^athers Byrne, Turner, and Rochford have long ago passed to their reward. ST. ANTONINUS S CHURCH, XEW.VRK. IN NEW JERSEY 455 St. Leo's Church, Irvington. The venerable Father John F. Salaun was formally commis- sioned by Rt. Rev. Michael A. Corrigan, to look after the wants of the Catholics in Irvington and nearby, who were, however, to continue to attend divine worship in the beautiful College Chapel of Seton Hall. Many indeed are the stories the students of those days could tell of the " over-the-hill " journeys of the faithful from "Camp- town" and Hilton. In vehicles, various in kind and style and size (and many more on foot), the " contingent " could be seen, Sunday after Sunday, with commendable regularity, enter the gate and reverently wend their way through " the maple-shaded lane," to kneel before the common altar and listen to the eloquent words that fell from the lips of the sainted pastor. Father Salaun. Like most of the growing suburban settlements, Irvington in turn came in for its measure of care for more perfect organization from the ever-zealous bishop. In the work of " starting a parish " bishops are wont to choose men of energy and sacrifice. Such a one was Rev. Walter M. Fleming. He was appointed to the task on June 23d, 1878. It is almost incredible what the handful of Catholics accom- plished in the five months that followed, led on by this young and fearless priest, who purchased the property on Myrtle Avenue, built the church, and removed and improved the old " mansion " for the purposes of a rectory. On December iSth, 1878, Rt. Rev. Bishop Corrigan, with the impressive ceremony of the Catholic ritual, dedicated the edifice to the service of God, under the patronage of the intrepid St. Leo I. The work thus begun was continued under other pastors, among them the accomplished Dr. Messmer who labored but two and a half years. Father Messmer's name will be held in bene- diction by old and young. His mantle fell upon another professor of Seton Hall, no less worthy of their esteem, and one, too, who has left a lasting impres- sion. The Rt. Rev. John J. O'Connor, now burdened with the onerous duties of bishop of the diocese, was appointed by Bishop Wigger in July, 1882. His relations with St. Leo's were severed in the fall of 1883, reluctantly, owing to labors at the college. The Rev. Benedictine Fathers from St. Mary's Abbey, High 456 THK CATHOLIC CHURCH Street, Newark, ruled the people for over four years with the same zeal and tact that ha\'e alwa)'s characterized their lives. The secular [)riests, under the guidance of our late and lamented Bishci]) W'igger, resmned charge in the person of Rev. W. J. Murpliw whose career was cut shr)rt b)' death from hemor- s'l'. i.ico s c]icR(ii, iK\' i\(, ri ).\. rhages. 1^'ather J. Iv McE\-oy enio\cd the longest term, of four )'ears and three months. Me succumbed to a disease that at- tacked him while a student in Seton Hall The laboi-s of Re\'. J. J. Boylan, his successor, dui'ing two )'ears and ten months, re- sulted in a general reju\-enescence in e\ei-\- dcpai-tment of pas- toral work. The church was beanlihed, parochial \-isitations be- came more frequent, the income became a mai"\-el. ft was indeed IN NEW JERSEY 457 a sad day that witnessed his departure, March loth, 1895, to his field of labor in Jersey City. It was through the energy and perseverance of Father Boylan that the school (erected by his predecessor and in debt) was opened to the children of the parish. Notwithstanding the difficulties and opposition that such new works enlist, these pastors realized how needful is the Catholic school to unfold the minds of our children and at the same time mould the character and the conscience. The rectory was next looked after, and with the church was heated by steam, etc. ; and, above all, the debt reduced consid- erably. The eloquent and venerable Father Byrne next succeeded to the rectorship. Although at a patriarchal age, yet for two years his parishioners had the advantage of his eloquence as well as his care. In the mean while the school continued doing its work, equally successful both under the Sisters of Charity and under the Sisters of Notre Dame. Imbued with the same spirit of prayer and sac- rifice, these have accomplished much to bring success to the growing years. The present incumbent of the parish, the Rev. J. C. Dunn, assumed the office September 24th, 1897, and with his predeces- sors pays tribute to the faithful cooperation of St. Leo's people. When we look back o\'er a quarter of a century, we are astounded that so much has been accomplished. Not only has the regular work of school and church been stead- ily continued, but, notwithstanding almost insuperable difficulties, the financial side has much to encourage us. To meet the requirements from the beginning the use of com- mercial paper was necessary. The labor of procuring revenue for interest and improvements and repairs has often taxed the ingenuity of pastor, trustees, and willing hands, of which there were not a few. Even from without the parish limits generous friends have not been wanting. At the outset an outlay of $7,000 was needed to erect and furnish the church and rectory. The purchase of additional land on Irvington Place at $409.75, subsequent repairs, and additions to the rectory brings the outlay to about $4,000 more. In 1892, by consent of the bishop, land was purchased for the school site at a cost of $1,200, of which amount the bishop contributed a gener- ous donation of $500, Father McEvoy and a relative $500. The school building was erected at a cost of $5,452.68. There were 458 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH many alterations besides furnishings for this and the following year that caused an expenditure of ^1,445.83. Although in earlier years the income was merely nominal, yet an investigation re- cently made shows that an average annual income of 1^2,400 has carried on the work successfully. The silver jubilee of the church was celebrated appropriately November 13th, 1903, in the presence of the Rt. Rev. Bishop O'Connor and many priests of the diocese. The celebrant of the Mass was a former rector, the Rev. J. J. Boylan. The pres- ent active and efficient pastor, the Rev. Joseph C. Dunn, was born in Newark, N. J., June 2d, 1862, and made his classical studies in St. Benedict's, Newark, and Seton Hall, where he was graduated in the class of '82. He was ordained in the cathedral, June 19th, 1886. He has rendered services as assistant in Sum- mit, St. Joseph's, Jersey City, and St. James's, Newark. He was appointed rector of St. Patrick's, Chatham, September 21st, 1889, and of St. Leo's, Irvington, October 2d, 1897. Church of Our Lady of Grace, Avondale. The mission of Avondale had been attached to Belleville until the Rev. Hubert de Burgh undertook to build a church for the settlement of Catholics in that parish. Father de Burgh, formerly of the Established Church, chaplain of the British army in the Crimea, an advanced Ritualist, became a Catholic and was ordained for the Diocese of Westminster, England. On the death of Father Hogan, October i8th, 1867, he be- came pastor of St. Peter's, Belleville. He resigned this charge to take up his residence and become the first pastor of Avondale in August, 1877. The church of Avondale is one of the prettiest specimens of Gothic architecture in the diocese. Father de Burgh was trans- ferred to the charge of St. Mary's, Plainfield, in 1882, but resigned his parish and returned to England. His successor is the Rev. John P. Morris. Father Morris, born in Paterson, N. J., on July 14th, 1841, made his preparatory studies at Seton Hall and his theological studies in the American College, Rome, where he was ordained June iSth, 1867. Father Morris, as assistant, served at St. Peter's, Jersey City, St. Mary's, Jersey City, St. Patrick's, Elizabethport, and in 1870 he was appointed to assist the Rev. John J. Connolly, pastor of Plainfield, then in very delicate health. IN NEW JERSEY 459 After his death he suceeeded as pastor and built the new church and rectory. The church was blessed on September 8th, 1880. Me also built the chiuxh of St. John the Evangelist, Dunellen. It was dedicated on October 24th, 1880. This parish CHURCH OF OUR LAOY OF GRACE, A\'c )XI)ALF,. is one of the \'ery few in the Diocese of Newark which has no panichial school The land on which the church was built was the gift of Mrs, William Joyce. St, Joseph's Church, Keyport. The first resident pastor of Keyport was the Rev, P. McGov- ern. Father McGovern was succeeded b}- the Rev. G. A. Spier- ings, a Capuchin who came to the Diocese of Newark from Cleve- land, Ohio, and was appointed pastor of h^;)rt Lee. On October 1st, 1876, he resigned that parish to the Capuchin heathers and went to Europe for a \'isit. There he became secularized and on his return was appointed assistant to heather de Concilio, with whom he remained until his appointment to Keyport, June, 1877. P'ather Spierings built the fine brick church which was dedi- cated October 31st, 1880, and also the brick rectory. Ilis suc- cessor is the Rev. Michael C. O'Donnell. Father O'Donnell was born in Lambertville, N. J., and studied at St. Charles's and Seton Hall, where he was graduated in the class of '81. 460 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH St. Bonaventure, Paterson, N. J. The infamous May Laws of Prussia dro\'e the religious orders from their fatherlanil, many of whom came to the United States. Among them the 1^'ranciscan 1^'athers of the Province of St. Ehza- beth of Thuringia, whose mother house was in Fulda. On their arrival in New York September 5th, 1875, they were most cor- dially received by the Capuchin fathers of that cit)', with whom the)' remained several months, until they were received into the Diocese of Ogdensburg, N. Y., b)' Bishop Wadhams and assigned to, St. Stephen's Church, Croghan. Here they still labor for the glory and honor of God. Other fathers arri\'ed later and were received into the diocese by Bishop Corrigan in 1876. The bishop expressed the wish that they would establish a jiarish in the neighboring section of the ST. l!()NA\'ENTURli S C 11 H RC I [ , I'ATliRSON. city of I^aterson. This little jiarty of h'ranciscans arrix'cd in Pat- erson jAugust 26tli, 1876, and took [lossession of the convent which had been built two 3X'ars before by the Carmelites, who had come hither from Kegensburg, fSavaria. IN NEW JI^RSKY 46 I ST. AXTIIONV S flU'RC ir. la'TLER. AtttndeJ from St, l'.on;ivt!iture's. Tlicir efforts cliil not meet with the success the)' hatl hoped tor and they returned to their mother house. The Sunday following tlie arri\al of the l^'|-aneiseans, August 27th, 1876, Mass was cele- brated for the first time 111 the little chapel of the con- vent by the Rew 1^'erdinand Miller, O.F.M., the superior- general of the communit\', which position he retained until 1885, when lie was re called to German)-. The community consisted of two iM'iests and three cler- ics, preparing for the priest- hood, and three lay brothers. As the fathers were miable to speak linglish, it was not until Februar)', 1 877, that they obtained permission from the ordinary to establish a parish under the title of St. Bonaventure. I'rex'ious to this the Catholics li\'ing in this section of I^ater- son were attended from St. John's Church Father Miller was the first rector of the new parish and re- mained m charge until December, 1881. His assistant was the Rev. A Frobele. The corner-stone of the new chiuxh was laid bv Bishop Corri- gan on Suncla)', No\'ember 25th, 1874, but the church was not completed until June, 1880. It is a brick structure with a seatmg capacity of 600. Sunday, July 4th, 1880, it was solemnl)- conse- crated by Bishop Corrigan, who also celebrated I'ontifical Mass. The I^ev. J. D. Hoban, O.P., of Newark, preached an elocjuent sermon. Father Miller also built the sexton's house in 1881. The par- ish school was opened in the basement of the church. On the departure of Father Miller the Re\'. h'rancis ICoch, O.F.M., was appointed his successor and the Re\'. I^'ather Vincent, O.P\M., his assistant. Father Koch remained as pastor until Jul\-, 1884, when he took charge of the outside missions connected with St. Bona\'en- ture — Singac, I^utler, Macopin — where he built new churches and paid for them. 462 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH The next pastor was the Rev. Pius Manz, O.F.M., who served until June, 1887, and was succeeded by the Rev. Albert Frobele, O.F.M. Father Frobele purchased additional property and in 1889 built the present St. Bonaventure's School at a cost of $14,000. The Rev. Bernadin Bidinger, O.F.M., was the next pastor and remained until September, 1895. His successor is the present rector, the Rev. Anthony Berghoff, O.F.M. Father Anthony has made new improvements — frescoing the church, replacing the old windows with stained glass, and install- ST. Joseph's (third) church, macopin, now echo lake. The ciadle of Catholicity in Xijlthern Xew Jersey, p. loS. ing a heating apparatus at a cost of g 10,000. The silver jubilee of the parish was observed with solemn ceremonies on November 1st, 1903, in the presence of His Excellency, the Most Rev Diomede Falconio, O.F.M., the Papal Delegate to the United States, who celebrated Pontifical Mass. The orator of the occa- sion was the Rev. Isaac P. Whelan, the former pastor of St. IN NEW JERSEY 463 Mary's, Paterson. Bishop O'Connor, Monsignor Sheppard, and many priests were present on the occasion. A remarkable feature of the celebration was the reception accorded to the delegate of the Holy See on the Saturday preceding the event. The societies attached to the church proceeded in a body to the depot to meet His Excellency, who was received with great enthusiasm by the entire population of the city. The houses along the line were decorated with flags and bunting and illuminated. It was a stir- ring sight which deeply moved the representative of the Holy See. The Catholic Church in Bloomfield. The Catholics of Bloomfield formed part of the Immaculate Conception Parish of Montclair for twenty-three years, under the pastorate of the Rev. Fathers Hogan, Joslin, and Steets. Many unsuccessful attempts were made by them, petitioning Bishop Corrigan, the late Archbishop of New York, for the establish- ment of the new parish in Bloomfield. At last their wishes were gratified by the appointment of the Rev. J. M. Nardiello, assist- ant pastor of St. James's Church, Newark. It was only a few days previous to his appointment that Bishop Corrigan had ordered Rev. Father Steets to have plans made for a small chapel to be erected in Bloomfield and to be attended by the fathers from Montclair. Father Nardiello was appointed to take charge of the formation of the new parish on the 21st of June, 1878. The new parish of the Sacred Heart was incorporated under the laws of New Jersey on the ist of July, 1878. The plans for a church accommodating about five hundred people were prepared. During this interval a hall was secured in the Bloomfield Hotel, where the sacrifice of the Mass was offered for the first time by the new pastor on July 6th at 1 130 and 10:30, the hall being well filled at both Masses. The great day for the Catholics was com- ing nearer and nearer ; that is, the dedication of the new church. On the 17th of November of the same year Archbishop Corrigan, assisted by a number of priests, performed the solemn ceremony, and preached at the Solemn High Mass. Notwithstanding the inclemency of the weather a large congregation was present. Another great work undertaken was the establishment of the parochial school. So the rev. pastor put himself to the task, and in one month and a half the school was a reality. Two lay teachers / from Newark were engaged and ninety-four scholars were enrolled. / In March, 1880, the house, garden, and grounds upon which 464 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH the stone school building now stands, on the corner of Liberty and State streets, were purchased. The necessary repairs being made, the house was occupied by the rector, and thus it became for ten years the pastoral residence. The frame dwelling in the rear of the church, the former residence of the pastor, became the sisters' convent. Father Nardiello had too much at heart the welfare of the children of the school to allow them to remain too long in the basement of the church. He therefore began to agitate the sub- ject of building the parochial school. The project was carried into execution in the spring of the year 1882. On the 17th of September of the same year the school was blessed by Bishop Wigger. The following day it was occupied by the scholars. The building consisted of six class-rooms and a large hall with a seating capacity of 500. The people of Bloomfield were pro- foundly impressed when they beheld a handsome and substantial building of stone, erected by a rising congregation comparatively poor. In April, 1885, a lot was purchased from Arthur O'Hare on the north side of the school-house on State Street for a play- ground. In May, 1886, another lot, situated on the north side of the frame church on Bloomfield Avenue, was bought from Mr. Thomas Taylor for a future church. The Cemetery and Its Beautiful Chapel. A resting-place was provided for those who died in the Lord, by the purchase of a tract of land of about eleven acres, formerly owned by Mr. Baldwin. The New Church. In July, 1889, Father Nardiello secured the magnificent site located on the corner of Broad and Liberty streets, facing the beautiful park of Bloomfield. The site was for the future church of the Catholics of Bloomfield. The church with all its various branches of work is now as fully equipped and stands on as solid a foundation as any other institution of its kind in this country, and the congregation owe their splendid success largely to their present pastor. He has proved himself the right man in the right place, and the town as well as the church has benefited by his presence among us. A well-known architect was secured to make plans for the new church to the satisfaction of Father Nardiello IN NKW lERSKY 465 and the people of the parish. The chmensions of the iDiulfhn.i; are as follows; sixty-six feet front (jn Broad Street, and one hunch'ed antl twenty-nine feet on I>ibert)- Street, and se\enty-four feet across the transejit. The ceremony of the layiny" of the corner- stone took place on Smiilay, (_)ctu we ha\'e seen how much singleness of pur- [lose and de\'<)tion to duty ma)' accomplish. The same spirit of self- denial and zeal in God's serv- ice which prompted you years ago to break away from the ties of home and friends, to turn, perhaps forever, from the sweet charms (jf home and kindred, and to ct)nse- crate )'our talents to the no- blest of noble tasks, the moulding of the Levite unto the perfect priest, that same spirit bkls )'ou now to bow )'0ur head to the authority of the Supreme Pontiff, and to assume a dignit)' from which your modest v would have y(.)u shrink, and a burden for which \'our piety and learn- ing eminently fit \i)U. In the difficulties of )'Our n e w c h a r g e m a y G o d strengthen you! May His angels lighten )'Our burden ! May the flock which is pri\'- ileged to have )'ou as Chief Pastor recognize your worth and virtue ! And may the richest fruits here and hereafter at- tend )'our efforts ! Acce])t, then, Rt. Rew Pishop, this slight token of oui' friend- ship, and accept, likewise, the assurance (.>f our esteem and grateful appreciation. Bishop Messmer made a touching reply; hut he treasured the memory of this testimonial of affectionate gratitude so highly that after taking possession of his new See he sent to h.is Newark friends this additional pledge of his appix'ciation ; 32 THE JIOST RV.V. SKI'.ASTIA.N' O. iMKss:\n-:K. 498 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH When you surprised me with that beautiful address and purse at our last meeting at Seton Hall I was too much moved to say all that was in me. The address has come to hand all right, and I take this occasion again to thank you and through you all who took part in that manifestation of old love and affection. Will you kindly tell them when you meet one or the other, that my episcopal residence here in Green Bay will always be wide open for any of my clerical friends in New Jersey ;. in particular — as I need not specially say — to every one of my Seton ian pupils ? In the month of September the Rev. John J. O'Connor, the director of the diocesan seminary, was named by Bishop Wigger vicar-general. This appointment was hailed with joy, particularly by the younger clergy, most of whom had made their theological studies under him. The fall elections in 1 892, in the State of New Jersey, resulted in a Democratic victory, the governor and the majority of both Houses representing that party were to control the destinies of the State, and mark an epoch in its history. The Very Rev. Dean Mulligan, of Camden, was at that time pastor of the Sacred Heart Church, New Brunswick. He was on intimate terms of friendship with Mr. Miles Ross, the political leader of Somerset County and a citizen of New Brunswick, a prominent lawyer, and a former State Superintendent of Schools. Dean Mulligan, one of the most progressive and determined priests of the Trenton diocese, had often talked over with his legal friend the injustice Catholics labored under by the necessity of support- ing their own schools and at the same time paying taxes for the support of the State schools. His friend, thoroughly versed in the school laws of the State, informed the dean, as the result of his investigation and experience, that there was no reason why a law could not be framed which would make the parish schools additional public schools, and by securing for the teachers State support, remove the injustice under which the Catholics labored and against which they protested. The bill was carefully drawn, and Mr. Ross's advice sought. If the influence and support of the Democratic leader of the northern part could be secured, he declared, he saw no reason why the bill should not pass. Dean O'Grady and Father Mulligan called on the aforesaid leader, and sought his influence in support of the bill. At the same time he was informed of the attitude of Mr. Ross. Time was asked that he might submit the bill to Mr. Thomas N. McCarter, the acknowledged leader of the Newark bar, and one of the ablest IN NEW JERSEY 499 lawyers in the State. Mr. McCarter declared as his opinion that the bill was thoroughly constitutional, and the priests were dis- missed with the assurance that every possible support would be given to the bill, and they were, furthermore, urged to rally to its support the priests of both dioceses. Bishop O'Farrell had already given to it his unqualified ap- proval, and promised to do everything in his power that his flock might be relieved of this oppressive and unjust burden; but he was somewhat timid of declaring publicly his position until the Metropolitan had spoken. An active campaign was begun by the priests of both dioceses ; meetings were held, and at one held in New Brunswick a resolution was passed that before any action be taken the bill be submitted to the Apostolic Delegate for his perusal and that his decision should be awaited. A committee of two. Dean O'Grady and Dean Flynn, were requested to lay the matter before Archbishop Satolli. On Washington's Birthday, February 22d, 1893, the committee placed the bill in the hands of the Delegate in the University, Washington. His Excellency carefully read over the bill, and wrote the following letter of approval : I, the undersigned, Apostolic Delegate of the Holy See in the United States of North America, testify that I have read the bill entitled, " A Supplement to an Act to establish a system of public instruction, approved March 27th, 1874." And I am of the opinion that it will bring great good to the Catholic Church in this State [New Jersey] if, perchance, the bill passes. Hence, I desire, in order that it may have a happy issue, that it may be commended and furthered prudently both by the bishops and priests and by the Catholic laity. I desire to inform every one without reserve that this will meet with the approval and assent of His Holiness, Leo XHI Francis, Abp. Satolli, Deleg. Apost. On their return the bill was submitted to Bishop Wigger, who after reading it and the letter of Archbishop Satolli promised to do what was in his power, and to write to the political leader. The text of bill 416 is as follows: A Supplement to "An Act to Establish a System of Public Instruction" Approved March 27, 1874. Be it enacted, by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey, in order to increase the public-school accom- modations and to carry out more fully the provisions of the Con- stitution of this State, wherein the Legislature is empowered and 500 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH commanded to provide for the maintenance and support of a thor- ough and efficient system of free pubHc schools for the instruc- tion of all the children in this State, between the ages of five and eighteen years, that whenever any private-school corporation in- corporated under the laws of this State, having an average yearly attendance of forty -five or more pupils within the school age, shall file in the office of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, and in the office of the County Superintendent of Schools, in which said private-school corporation is located, a certified copy of incorporation, together with an agreement signed by the officers of said corporation to maintain their said school a free public school, according to law, it shall be lawful for, and the duty of the County Superintendent of Public Instruction of the county from which application is made, to appoint within a reasonable time the president, secretary, and treasurer of the said corporation, a board of school trustees, of which the secretary shall act as clerk and discharge the duties of district clerk, now required by law. And be it enacted, that said board of school trustees shall be vested with all powers and privileges and subject to all the condi- tions, requirements, duties, and penalties contained in an act en- titled, "An Act to establish a system of public instruction" ap- proved March 27th, 1874, with the supplements thereto and the acts amendatory thereof, excepting such parts of said act referring to district public schools as are not applicable to said additional free public schools herein provided for. And be it enacted, that no person shall be employed as a teacher by such board of trustees, unless he or she holds a regular teacher's certificate in full force and effect, according to law at the time the engagement is made ; and any contract entered into between any teacher and said board of trustees shall not be valid unless the teacher has fully complied with the law. And be it enacted, that it shall be the duty of said board of trustees, through the clerk of said board, to make all the school reports within the time now required by law, and to make the additional report, duly verified to the State Superintendent and the County Superintendent, aforesaid, on or before the first day of April of each and every year hereafter, with the name, age, name of parents or guardians of all the pupils residing within the city or school district in which said additional free public school is located, taught in said school or schools, during the school year, together with the average yearly attendance. And be it enacted, that it shall be the duty of the board of trustees to maintain and furnish for the use of said additional free public schools all suitable school buildings with the necessary ap- pliances as now required by law, at the expense of said corporation and free from all cost or expense to the State therefor, and to maintain said schools free from all sectarian instruction during the school hour or school sessions. And be it enacted, that said additional free public schools so established, whether in city, town, or rural district, shall be under IN NEW JERSEY 501 the superintendency and inspection of the county superintendent of the county in which said school or schools are located. And be it enacted, that the county superintendent of the county in which said additional free public schools are located shall in- clude the said additional free public schools in making his annual apportionment of public-school moneys for the free public schools of the county. And be it enacted, that it shall be lawful for and the duty of the county superintendent as aforesaid, in making the yearly apportionment of school moneys, to assign to the said additional free public schools, from the State school money due any city or school district, the same amount per child residing in city or dis- trict and attending said additional free public schools, that it cost the State, in the preceding year, for each child taught within the school age, determined by the yearly average attendance in the State. And be it enacted, that the county collector, in and for each county, shall be and is hereby authorized to deduct from the State school moneys due any city, town, or school district, in which said additional free public schools are located, the portion of State school moneys to which said additional free public schools are entitled. And be it e?tactcd, that the county collector in each county shall be the custodian of, and shall hold in trust, all such moneys as are apportioned to said additional free public schools, and he shall pay them out only on the order of the county superin- tendent. And be it enacted, that the county superintendent shall, upon the warrant of the board of trustees of said additional free public schools, duly signed by the clerk and at least one other member of the board, draw a school order or orders upon the county col- lector, in favor of the teacher or teachers in the said additional free public schools and for the payment of such incidental expenses as the law allows for public schools. And be it enacted, that all such school orders shall be endorsed by the person or persons entitled to receive said money, and that the purposes for which payment is demanded shall be stated in each order. Atid be it enacted, that it shall be the duty of the county super- intendent to withhold aforesaid school order or orders on county collector whenever the provisions of this act, and the act to which this is a supplement, are not fully complied with in good faith. And be it enacted, that all acts and parts of acts, general, spe- cial, or local, as far as they are inconsistent with this act, be and the same are hereby repealed. And he it enacted, that this is a public act and shall take effect immediately. The consternation of the politicians was pitiable. To their credit be it said that the most manly and courageous of the legisla- 502 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH tors were the non-Catholics. Had it not been for a well-known factor in politics in South Jersey — not a Catholic — the bill would never have emerged from the Erebean darkness and deep dam- nation of the committee-room. It did, however, see the light, but the leaders resolved in caucus to kill it. It was read and referred to Attorney-General Stockton for an opinion. As he afterward declared to the rev. promoters of the bill, " that it was customary when the legislators wished to shunt the responsibility of passing a bill to refer it to the attorney- general. There are two ways of regarding every piece of legis- lation : giving it a broad and liberal construction, or confining it to a strict interpretation of the Constitution. By the applica- tion of the latter method there is not a single law that is passed which might not be declared unconstitutional. I knew what I was wanted to do, and I did it." The bill was declared unconstitutional. The priests were chagrined, men and women breathed more freely, for the prayers of many had been heard. It was perhaps unfortunate that the militant pastor of Hoboken was considered its protagonist, in view of his still-remembered attacks on the Germans, which alienated them from any move- ment with which he was connected. The whole credit of the agi- tation is given to Father Corrigan in a garbled mass of misstate- ments in what purports to be history — the " Battles of Trenton," pages 119 et seqq. That such an opinion was held by others was clear when the bill was attacked by the Priester-Verein assembled at Harrisburg, Pa. Some of those who were foremost on that occasion in denouncing it met Dean Mulligan later, and rallied him on the defeat of his pet project. Upon being asked if they were familiar with the bill, they were compelled to confess that they were not ; and when given a copy of the bill to read, they admitted that they had been in the wrong and regretted that they had not given it their support. Dean Mulligan did not propose to give up the fight, and had a second bill drawn up, to which the following correspondence refers : June 26th, 1893. In my letter to you of the 2d inst., I requested some informa- tion from you with regard to the proposed bill and the Catholic schools of New Jersey, but so far no reply has come to hand. As it is a matter of great importance, which requires accurate consideration and deep study, I beg of you to send the information desired as soon as possible, IN NEW JERSEY 503 May I ask you at the same time to mail a copy of the bill to the Bishop of Newark, who wishes to be fully informed in regard to it ? DoNATUs Sbaretti, Auditor. For the Delegate. July 2d, 1893. Rev. Sir : I have read over carefully and honestly examined the proposed legislation regarding Catholic schools in the State of New Jersey, which you sent to me on the 5th day of last June. Many things are carefully set forth and accurately put together, yet there are two things asserted in it without any apparent reason. The first with regard to the statement of the attorney- general, who claims that the proposed law would violate the con- stitution, which forbids the State and municipalities from giving any support to societies or any public funds. It is hard to under- stand how, if this follows from the first bill, it does not follow from the second. It looks to the creation of a second school board. It does not appear how, in view of an agreement between the church and the state, the ecclesiastical authority would have a right to form a board of directors and retain Catholic teachers. Is this right based on some one article of the proposed law, or is it to be found in some other law of your State .? Please examine both questions carefully and send the reply to the Apostolic Dele- gate as soon as possible. Donatus Sbaretti, Auditor. The Catholic University, Washington, D. C, August 31st, 1893. Rev. Father Mulligan : In regard to the bill referring to the Catholic schools of New Jersey, I have already expressed my views ; but the Propaganda having determined to treat itself scho- lastic questions, it is not proper for this Apostolic Delegation to interfere with such a matter. Therefore you should apply directly to the said congregation. With my best wishes, I remain. Yours sincerely, Archbishop Satolli, Delegate Apostolic. Madison Avenue, New York, October i6th, 1893. My Dear Father Mulligan : Your letter and enclosures (a copy of school bill, commentary on laws of the State, Satolli's let- ter, and letters from Rome to date) came in due course, but I ex- pected to see you the following Saturday as I proposed. But I put away the documents so carefully that they escaped my notice altogether. Of course I would most gladly approve the plan, although I do not wish to speak on the subject on account of further complications. I am, dear sir, with very kind regards. Very faithfully yours, M. a. Corrigan. 504 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH 452 Madison Avenue, New York. November ist, 1893. Rev. and Dear Father Mulligan : Considering that you have obtained the sanction of the Delegate Apostolic, I feel reluc- tant to write to the Cardinal Prefect, as such an act would not only be superfluous, but also, on account of complications in the Diocese of Newark, unwarranted and imprudent on my part. As, moreover, the matter was not to be acted on this year, no harm will come of your not having my cooperation at present. I am, reverend and dear sir. With sincere regard. Very faithfully yours, M. A. Corrigan. The battle for justice was lost, but the field was strewn with political corpses — never again to figure on the hustings or in the legislative halls. On a similar occasion, when appealed to in the hope of securing a chaplain for the State Prison, Governor Abbett remarked that when the charter for the first Protectory was asked and granted. Senators Sewall, Potts, and himself had advocated it and worked for its passage, and still that had never hurt any of them politically. That the whole movement was in line with the policy of the Holy See was made evident by the letter ''of Leo XIII. to the Bishops of the Province of New York, June 2d, 1893. Touching on this point the Holy Father wrote : We have the conviction, based on the fair-mindedness of your countrymen, that they_ can be easily brought to lay aside suspi- cions and prejudices offensive to the Church, and to recognize freely the services of that power which dissipated pagan barbar- ism with the light of the Gospel, and created a new society with all its glory of Christian virtues and human culture. Such con- siderations will, we hope, lead every man in your country to the conclusion that Catholic parents should not be forced to build and support schools and institutions they cannot use for tlie education of their children. The objection to the public-school system as at present con- stituted comes not only from Catholics, but from Lutherans and Episcopalians. The members of this latter religious body ex- pressed themselves in strong and certain language in a resolution passed by the Episcopal Convention in May, 1856: Whereas, man is a religious as well as an intellectual being; has a conscience and sensibilities, on the right training of which IN NEW JERSEY 505 depends the happiness of individuals and the welfare of society, infinitely more than on the highest intellectual attainments ; And, Whereas, this education of the heart and conscience should, during the season of childhood, receive the same daily attention as the cultivation of the intellect — a truth declared by our Heavenly Father Himself, who says, "These words which I command thee this day shall be in thy heart, and thou shalt teach them diligently to thy children, and shalt talk of' tliem. when tJion sit test ill thy Iioiisc, and when thou walkest by the way, aiid wlien tlion licst down, and zvheii tlion rises t np" ; And, Whereas, there can scarcely be a more favorable sphere for instilling divine truth, " here a little and there a little," and for giving a happy and lasting direction to the young, than in the school-room and on the school-ground, in that association with equals in which the most intense feelings are enlisted ; And, Whereas, it was the conviction of both the early Chris- tians and the Reformers, and was expressed by the framers of our national Constitution, as follows, that "Religion, morality, and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools should be forever encouraged " ; and was thus expressed by the Father of our country : " Reason and experience both forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail in the exclusion of religious principle," and " there is no security for property, for reputation, and for life if the sense of religious obligation desert the oaths which are the instruments of investigation in courts of justice"; and, consequently, Whereas, that plan of secular training which leaves, as esti- mated, two millions of the children of our land uninstructed in their moral obligations and their solemn relations to eternity, is alike dishonorable to God, subversive of national morality, and awfully dangerous to individual happiness both present and future ; therefore. Resolved, That this convention do recommend to every parish or association of parishes throughout the diocese to establish, as soon as circumstances will allow, a school, under the supervision of the rector or rectors, in which the young may be carefully and faithfully moulded for God and Heaven, as well as thoroughly in- structed in secular knowledge. Resolved, That, in the opinion of this convention, such mingled intellectual and religious training will, with the Divine blessing, prove a most efficient agency in checking the rapid growth of both juvenile and adult crime; in preventing our youths from being drawn away into the ranks of fanaticism on the one hand, or induced by the plausibilities of modern infidelity to repudiate the Gospel on the other ; and will raise up a generation of men more obedient to law, more rooted in our most Holy Faith, more exemplary in Christian practice, and will afford a fruitful supply for the now deficient ranks of the Christian ministry. And Whereas, Christian men do not and should not feel themselves at liberty to place their children for six or more hours So6 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH daily, during years when they are most susceptible of impressions, in those schools where the glory of God and that eternity which gives value to the present life are practically forgotten; and whereas these same Christian men do and should feel a very great reluctance in contributing to the maintenance of an education which tends neither to the security of human life and property nor to the prevention of crime in general ; therefore. Resolved, That, in the opinion of this convention, any religious denomination or separate congregation which desires to establish a school of its own, in any particular locality, ought not to be compelled by law to pay for schools in which it cannot conscien- tiously have its children instructed ; but ought to have the legal right to claim for its own school the school assessment of its own members — and enjoy all the benefits now received by a few. An Act to Establish Public Schools, Approved April i/TH, 1846. Sec. 12. When the patrons or proprietors of any school already organized and established under the care of any religious society or denomination of Christians, whose church discipline provides for the establishment of schools and the appointment of trustees, are unwilling to relinquish such school and become subject to all the provisions of this act, it shall be the duty of the trustees of said school to transmit to the town superintendent of their respec- tive townships a certificate of their organization, together with a list of the children of such patrons and proprietors, between the ages of five and sixteen years, who are capable of attending school ; whereupon every such school shall be entitled to receive its just and ratable proportion 'of the money assigned to said township out of the income of the school fund, and of such additional sum as may be raised or appropriated by said township for the support of public schools; which apportionment shall be made by the town superintendent of the respective townships and a copy thereof filed with the township collector, whose duty it shall be to pay to the trustees of said school their just proportion of such moneys for the use and benefit of said school In the VII. Synod, held at Seton Hall, June 21st, 1893, Bishop Wigger withdrew his prohibition of giving absolution to the children who attended the public schools and their parents ; and in the VIII. Synod, held in 1896, the Rt. Rev. Monsignor Doane was named Dean of Essex and the Rev. Louis Senez, of Hudson County. The rule relative to the preaching at funerals was rescinded. Although Bishop Wigger had often declared that he would never build his cathedral until every church in the diocese was freed from debt, he suddenly became impressed with the project, IN NEW JERSEY 507 and having laid the matter before a special meeting of his priests in 1897 and received their almost unanimous approval, he invited plans from various architects and appointed a commission to assist him in selecting the most desirable. The plan of Mr. Jeremiah O'Rourke was decided upon, and the limit of its construction, $1,000,000. In January, 1898, Bishop Wigger "carved out," as he playfully said, the first sod for the foundation of the new cathe- dral. His health again failing at the end of the year, he was forced to go to Bermuda; but deriving little benefit from his trip, he set out early in 1 899 to make his visit to the tomb of the Apos- tles and after to go to the Holy Land. June nth, 1899, the corner-stone of the new cathedral was laid in the presence of an immense throng, gathered from every quarter of the diocese, by Bishop Wigger, assisted by Archbishop Corrigan, Bishop McQuaid of Rochester, Bishop Burke of Al- bany, and Bishop McFaul of Trenton, and attended by almost all the priests of the diocese. Preceding the laying of the corner- stone there was a procession of the Catholic societies of the dio- cese, of whom nearly eighteen thousand were in line. Bishop McQuaid preached on the occasion Among other things he said : The Catholics of Newark are about to erect a truly monu- mental cathedral. Bishop Bayley contended that unless it were possible to hold all the Catholics together, including the large number of immigrants that came here, large churches would be crimes. He assembled his priests about him and succeeded in getting them to amalgamate the Catholics, and the first work of great importance was the establishment of Seton Hall College. Bishop Bayley believed in tutoring the minds of children so as to spread Catholicity, and in this he was successful. Now we come to the present time. The present bishop is a man of courage, but he is not premature. He is not in advance of the day, and is not putting an impossible burden on his people by the building of this grand edifice. These churches are occu- pied by his own priests, and with such support he should be suc- cessful. I do not believe in monumental churches as a rule, but when we have Greater Newark, and this magnificent city expands, this cathedral will stand in the centre of it and will be a fitting monument to the faith. The edifice will rise up stone by stone, and will tower above the structures surrounding it Such will be the growth of this section that the cathedral will not be too large for the people. Then you will rejoice that you have done a good and a noble work. I haVe not seen a list of the contributions toward the building of this church, which is held by the bishop, but I . have come to the conclusion that even if there are millionaires in New 5o8 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH ark that may have done their duty in the matter, this cathedral is being built by a faithful and loyal priesthood aided by a filial and God-loving community. Here in Newark we have a resource which is found in the living and practising faith of the people. In these days, when non-Catholics are running away from the teachings of the Lord Jesus Christ, and when even the ministers of the Gospel are afraid to come out and declare themselves, here we are building this glorious temple of our faith. This edifice will be open to the world. It will be a house of prayer and a tabernacle of the Church of Bethlehem and Calvary, where Catholics will come and worship Him who bestows His blessings upon us to-day. In September, 1 899, Bishop Wigger signed a contract for the erection of fifty feet of the side walls, and this, together with the foundation, cost $294,000. But the inflexible will of the bishop could no longer control a body which for nearly a score of years he had worked under high pressure, and again he was forced to go abroad in search of rest and health. He returned bronzed and bearded, and seemingly with a new lease of life, only to plunge again into the many cares of his office with his old-time activity and zest. Christmas, 1900, he celebrated Pontifical Mass in the cathedral, which he was never to see again. It was difficult to persuade him to send for his physician and to submit to treatment. Sunday, December 30th, he tried to rise from his bed. Nature rebelled. He had come to the parting of the wa)'S. Without fear, but with great fervor, he received the consolations of the Church and made his profession of faith. He was attacked with virulent pneumonia. January 3d he was visited by Archbishop Corrigan, who consoled and en- couraged him. Saturday the 5th he gradually grew weaker, and about mid- night he breathed his soul into the hands of his Maker. The funeral services were held on the loth of January in the cathe- dral. The day was storm-swept, and in spite of the pelting rain thousands assembled in and around the cathedral and accompanied the remains to the cemetery of the Holy Sepulchre. The Pon- tifical Mass was celebrated by Archbishop Corrigan, four other bishops, the priests of the diocese, and many from Trenton and New York were present. Bishop McFaul paid a fitting tribute to the zeal and virtue of the deceased prelate. Bishop Wigger was of medium height and slender frame, and withal he undertook labors under which a stronger man would succumb. In his friendships he was firm and loyal. To the un- IN NEW JERSEY 509 fortunate he was Christ-like in his tenderness and sympathy. Bishop Wigger was absolutely disinterested and unselfish, and his poverty truly apostolic, as may be judged from this extract from his diary : This morning I go for the first time to Saratoga, to drink the waters, and see if they will cure my biliousness, which has troubled me for some time back. I will be away all the week. Mr. J. J, Keane, of Jersey City, accompanies me, and pays all expenses. Had he not invited me and kindly volunteered to pay all expenses I could not have gone, I am so poor. When I was only a simple priest I was always more or less in debt. Only once did I suc- ceed in laying by ^100. In less than three months all had disap- peared. Since I have been bishop things are worse even. My personal debts are larger than formerly. There is some comfort in knowing that I have not spent much on myself ; I have never done that. The money has been given to others, generally in charity. I hope God will reward me for it. There is very little besides this for which to reward me. — Reg. Dioc. 271. The asperity which sometimes appeared in his letters was soft- ened away when one visited him in his room. His was a some- what impressionable nature, prone to self-consciousness and influ- enced on the side of his emotions. In the beginning of his administration he made errors for which in later years he amply atoned. This fault was not peculiar to him. It is the lot of every one whose sphere of activity is increased, and in lines for- eign to his training and experience. When Julius II. began his pontifical career some of the cardinals complained to a tried and aged veteran of the Sacred College about the new Pope's severity. " The Pope is still new, and in his newness he thinks that small things are big," was the wise remark of his Eminence. St. Agnes's Church, Paterson. In the fall of 1872 the Very Rev. William McNulty, of St. John's Church, erected a frame school building, 18 by 36 feet, on a portion of the property which had been purchased by the Sisters of Charity for a hospital, with the view of erecting a more suit- able church when the demands of the congregation made it neces- sary. In the fall of 1 882 a two-story brick building, 55 by 80 feet, was erected — the property and the construction of the building cost ^18,482.98. The first Mass was celebrated Christmas morn- ing, 1883, by the Rev. Daniel F. McCarthy, an assistant of St. fio THE CATHOLIC CHURCH John's Church. Divine service was thus continued until June 20th, 1884, when the Rev. Patrick F. Downes was appointed the first resident rector. The first floor was used for the school and the second floor for the church. In July, 1887, steps were taken to secure a rectory, which was eventually built and occupied by the Rev. Father Downes in May, 1888. It cost in the neighborhood of ^8,000. The Rev. Father Downes died after a short illness, June 20th, 1888. The Rev. George W. Corrigan, the rector of Hohokus, was appointed by Bishop Wigger as Father Downes's successor. Father George's first efforts were to collect the working boys of the parish in Sunday-school. That his influence might success- fully reach all, he endeavored to provide for them innocent amuse- ment and recreation. The only place available was the cellar. Fifty-four earnest and delighted boys spent their evenings after a hard day's work putting their room in order. Here Father George delighted to spend his evenings and participate in the games of the boys. Dissatisfied with their temporary quarters, he deter- mined to provide them with something better. Hence the great building on Mary Street, a model of its kind, was opened in De- cember, 1898. In October, 1 889, four lots were bought on Main Street with a view of erecting a larger school. Built in the summer of 1890, at a cost of $21,000, the new school was opened in 1891. From that time the standard of studies gradually advanced, and to-day this school ranks among the first in the diocese. In 1892 the first class of graduates received their diplomas, and every year since has witnessed some pupils completing the prescribed course. Realizing the importance of keeping the grapluates together and preserving the spirit of study, also of shielding them from the dangers incident to youth. Father George organized the Alumni Association. In addition to their monthly meetings, a public debate is held periodically. Having made provision for the children. Father George turned his attention to the church, which was sadly in need of repairs, and in 1891 he had the building remodelled. The upper floor was removed, thus giving it more the appearance of a church. The building was renovated, and stained-glass windows and pews capa- ble of seating 750 people were put in. The march of improvement extending to that part of the city prompted Father George to provide for the future. A favorable opportunity was offered in the sale of an old public-school build- IN NKW JKRSKY 51' ing". It was in excellent contlition, and, together with the fi\'e lots, had cost the city ;^25,ooo. It was bought at auction for ^4,035 in July, 1897. St. George's Church, Paterson. In September St. George's Church and school were opened, anil the Rew Joseph F. Dolan, who dui'ing six )'ears had been the assistant at St. Agnes's Parish, was chosen, which succession has justified the wisd(.)m and foresight shown in the purchase. On September 19th Mass was celebrated for the first time. In June, 1898, a plot of ground, lOO by 125 feet, on the northwest corner of Getty and Michigan av- enues, was purchased, and shortly after the [M'esent rec- tory was l)uilt. An addition- al piece of land, 100 by 125 feet, adjoining the rectory, was purchased in Jul)', 1899, as a site for a church. The new church \\'as dedicated January 14th, 1900, by the \'ery Rev. Dean McNulty, assisted by the many priests of the city and adjoining par- ishes. Father George C(jrri- tran, rector of St. Ae;nes's and founder of the new parish, cele- brated the Mass. The Rev. Isaac V. Whelan preached an elo- quent sermon, in which he referred to the growth of the church, and paid a glowing tribute to Dean McNulty and 1^'athers Corri- gan and Dolan. I'^ather Dolan thus far has encoimtercd very little difficult)' in building up a centre for the religious welfare (jf the toilers who are striving to become the owners of their own homes, and in many cases invoh'ed in debt for the same. A bright future is in store for St. George's, and both pastor and people deser\'e the highest gratitude for the efforts so far successfully made. July 1 2th, 1900, Father Corrigan was appointed rector of St. Joseph's, Newark, in succession to the Rt. Rev. John J. O'Con- nor. Rev. Edward A. Kelly, rector of the Church of Mount Carmel, Ridgewood, was transferred to St. Agnes's. ST. f^EORGE S CHURCH. I'A'IERSOX. 512 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Father Kelly, born in New York on January 22d, 1 859, made his preparatory studies at St, Benedict's, Newark, and at St. Charles's, Maryland, also at Seton Hall, where he was graduated in the class of '81. He studied theology in Seton Hall Seminary and was ordained on May 30th, 1885, in the cathedra], Newark, He served as assistant at St. Joseph's, Paterson, St. Lucy's, Jer- sey City, St. Bridget's and St. John's, Jersey City, and also in Ridgewood. The many societies connected with the church are doing effective work. On July 29th, 1903, a destructive tornado swept over the south- ern section of Paterson, marking its path with disaster. St. Agnes's Church, rectory, lyceum, school, and sisters' house sus- tained considerable damage. The following priests have administered as assistants at St. Agnes's: Rev. Fathers Peter Julian, J. F. Duffy, J. F Dolan, William O'Gorman, J. C. McErlain, James McCormack, Matthew J. Farley, J. B. Donahue, and T. J. McDermott. Church of Our Lady of Lourdes, Paterson. The corner-stone of this church was laid Sunday, September 3d, 1882. The founder of this parish was the Rev. Nicholas Hens, at that time pastor of St. Boniface's Church, Paterson. The dedication services were held May 14th, 1883. The first resident pastor was the Rev. Alphonsus M. Schaeken. When Father Schaeken took charge of the parish there were at that time in the congregation 738 souls. A parish school was opened on Septem- ber I St, 1883, with ninety children on the roll, and placed in charge of three Sisters of St. Dominic. A convent was erected in 1890 and blessed by the Rev. Dr. Smith, October 5th of that same year. Father Schaeken worked most generously for seven- teen years, and when he left the parish, in August, 1900, both the spiritual and material conditions were of the best. The Rev. Anton H. Stein was Father Schaeken's successor. Father Stein, born in Elizabeth, made his classical .studies at Seton Hall and was a graduate of the class of '88. He was or- dained priest before the completion of his theology, owing to his delicate condition of health. The fields of his labors as assistant were at Union Hill, Morristown, South Orange, St. Michael's, Newark, and St. Vincent's, Madison. The parish is most cosmo- politan, for it probably has almost every nationality represented. Its growth has been characteristic. The census shows the num IN NEW JERSEY 513 ber of parishioners at present to be 3,996. The following children of the parish have been elevated to the dignity of the priesthood : Fathers D. E. Laad, Lill, Bohl, and Van Zele. The following priests have been the curates: the Rev. Felix O'Neill, S.T.L., and the Rev. Theo. Peters; the present assistant is the Rev. Father Kurtz. St. Joseph's Church, Trenton. In 1882 the Very Rev. Anthony Smith, V.G., the rector of St. Mary's Cathedral, Trenton, erected a brick building on Sher- man Avenue, to be used as a school and church by the residents of the eastern section. In 1 89 1 the Rev. James McFaul, now bishop of the diocese, converted this building into a sisters' house and erected a three- story brick building adjoining it to be used as a school and a chapel. It serves this purpose up to the present time, but the parish hopes to erect a new church in the near future. In April, 1893, the parish was separated from the cathedral, and the Rev. John H. Fox appointed its first pastor. February ist, 1895, Father Fox became rector of St. Mary's Cathedral and was succeeded by the Rev. Bernard T. O'Connell, who resigned the pastorate after a month. His successor was the Rev. Michael O'Reilley, who remained until September 8th, 1 898, when he was transferred to Metuchen, where he died one year later. On September 8th, 1898, the Rev. Henry Ward, the present pastor, was installed. In 1899 Father Ward purchased a new house for the Sisters of Mercy, and converted the old con^vent into a rectory. About four hundred pupils attend the school and the population of the parish is twenty-five hundred. The assistant priests of the parish are the Fathers Russi, O'Farrell, John Sweeney, James Morrison, and John A. Carroll, who is the assistant at the present time. Our Lady Help of Christians, East Orange. The parish of Our Lady Help of Christians was founded in the spring of 1882 by Rt. Rev. W. M. Wigger. Its first rector was Rev. M. P. O'Connor, at present rector of the Holy Cross Church, Harrison. After a short administration he was succeeded by Rev. Pierce McCarthy and Rev. Michael J. Kerwin. Both of these labored zealously in building up and placing the parish on a 33 514 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH firm footing. P'ather Kerwin was stricken witli paralysis on Sep- tember I5tli, 1893, and it resulted in his death on May loth, 1894. The present incumbent, Rev. J. P. Callaghan, was appointed ad- ministrator during his illness, and upon his demise was regularly appointed rector. It is through his energy and efforts that the new church has been erected. The church is situated on the corner of North Clinton and Main streets, and is joined to the handsome brick rectory which was completed some years ago by the late Father Kerwin. In design the edifice is Gothic of the latest French type, some- what decorative in treatment as compared with Gothic architecture ClllUCII OF IHK L.\\)V IIKI.P OF C 1 1 K IS'JI.A \S . 1C.\ST OK.\X(,E. in this country. The [irincipal feature of the Main Street front is the pointed spire, rising to a height of i6o feet. The main door- way, at the centre of the front, has a width of twelve feet and is enclosed within a subordinate gable on the face of the vestibule wall. This doorway is flanked by clustered columns and is sur- mounted by a large pointed arch, deeply moulded, enclosing a tympanum of marble. The Rev. John P. Callaghan, born in Newark, P\'bruar)' Jtli, 1855, made his preparatory studies in St. Charles's, Maryland, and at Seton Flail, and his theology in the American College, Louvain, IN NEW JERSEY 515 Belgium. He was ordained in the Cathedral of Mechlin, Decem- ber 22d, 1877. He labored in St. Mary's, Jersey City, and loann tenens at Mendham and Plainfield, rector of Hibernia, and pro- moted to East Orange in 1894. St. Joseph's Church, North Plainfield. St. Joseph h Church, North Plainfield, was established by Bishop O'Farrell in 1882. The Rev. Thomas J. O'Hanlon was appointed the first pastor. The Sisters of Mercy established a sanitarium and home for working girls, on August 31st, 1897, on Manning Avenue, and the same order opened St. Gabriel's Acad- emy as a select school for young ladies and boys up to the age of thirteen years, on Jackson Avenue, in September, 1892. Father O'Hanlon was succeeded by the Rev. Michael Freeman on Sep- tember 1 2th, 1888, who remained in the parish until March ist, 1891, when he was succeeded by the Rev. James McKernan. Father McKernan was in turn succeeded by the Rev. William Miller, the present rector, in April, 1893. The Sacred Heart Church, New Brunswick. The parish of the Sacred Heart Church embraces the first and second wards of the city of New Brunswick. It was regu- larly incorporated according to the laws of New Jersey in 1883. The selection of the site was entrusted to the Very Rev. J. A. O'Grady, under the supervision of the Rt. Rev, Bishop O'Farrell. Rev. B. J. Mulligan was appointed first pastor. The first parochial meeting was held in the basement of St. Peters Church on August iSth, 1883. Bishop O'Farrell presided, and seventy heads of families in the newly erected parochial limits answered to their names. At this meeting it was decided to build a church and name it " the Church of the Sacred Heart." Plans for the new church were prepared by Mr. C. P. Keeley, of Brooklyn, the dimensions to be 122 by 60 feet, the material brick, with brownstone trimming. The work was pushed forward with much energy. The corner-stone was laid by Bishop O'Far- rell on October 14th, 1883. A temporary roof was built over the basement, and Mass was celebrated on Christmas Day of the same year. The high altar is the gift of the people of the pari.sh, in mem- oiy of the fiftieth year of the ordination of the Rev. Father Rogers. Si6 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH It was solemnly consecrated by the Rt. Rev. Bishop O'Farrell on May 26th, 1886, a few weeks after the dedication of the church. In July, 1886, the frame building on Throop Avenue was re- moved to Suydam Street, where it was enlarged and fitted up for the sisters. The rectory on Throop Avenue was built in the fall of 1886, and it was occupied in 1887. In 1 889 it was felt that the basement of the church was ill adapted for school purposes, and that a new school was a neces- sity. To provide for this want the old cemetery was purchased from St. Peter's Church, and a portion of it set apart for a school building. The corner-stone of the school was laid on October 6th, 1889. It was finished early in the following year. In September it opened with two hundred and twenty children. At present the number is two hundred and eighty-eight. In October, 1893, Father Mulligan was promoted to a more important charge, the parish of the Immaculate Conception, Cam- den, N. J. Regret was general among the parishioners of the Sacred Heart Church at his departure. In twelve years he ac- complished a great work, to which the church and school and rec- tory bear testimony. He watched over the interests of his flock and guarded them well, and although the people grieved, their sorrow was somewhat assuaged by the knowledge of the fact that he was invited to " go up higher." The unfinished state of the tower had been a matter of concern for priest and people for some years. Both felt that something should be done during this first year of the new century. Toward this end a meeting of the Board of Trustees was held, when it was resolved to complete the tower and erect the spire. At present a convent is being built, costing almost $7,000. Church of the Holy Cross, Seabright. This parish was founded in May, 1883, by the Rev. John H. Fox, who was sent to Seabright by Bishop O'Farrell to provide for the large contingent of visitors to the seaside. The church and house were built in 1885 and the parish hall in 1893. The young men of the parish were formed into an association under the name of Young Men's Institute (Y. M. I.), in 1893, and is in a flourishing condition. The parish continues to prosper, and its finances are in a sound condition. Father Fox was succeeded by the Rev. Edw. J. Egan, the pres- ent pastor of the church. IN NEW JERSEY 517 The Church of St. John the Baptist, Jersey City. On November 20th, 1894, the Rev. Father Ter Woert was appointed by Bishop Wigger to found a new parish in Jersey City. The territory was to be tals.en from St. Joseph's and St. Paul's, Jersey City, as these parishes at that time were ver)- extensive. Father Ter Woert started m at once, and in two weeks' time had bought four lots on the corner of Huron and \"an Winkle CHURCH OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, JERSEY CITY. avenues, and erected a small frame church which would accom- modate six hundred people. The first Mass was celebrated in the church on December 7th, 1884. At the time of the establishment of the parish there were about nine hundred parishioners. 5i8 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH In March, 1886, eight lots adjoining the church were purchased, and immediately the erection of a fine brick school was begun. The building was completed and opened for the children in Sep- tember, 1887, and five Dominican Sisters were placed in charge. The legal title of the parish is " St. John's Roman Catholic Church, Jersey City, N. J." The same year, 1887, was begun the erection of a handsome parochial residence, which was completed and ready for occupanc} in 1888. In 1 891 several new lots were bought, and on Novem ber 24th, 1892, the corner-stone of the new church was laid by Rt. Rev. Bishop Wigger. On November 14th, 1897, the magnificent granite building was dedicated by the same bishop ; Mgr. De Concilio, now deceased, being the preacher on the oc- casion. In 1895 were purchased four more lots and a small frame building to be used as a convent. The parish now owned the entire square, bounded by the Boulevard, St. Paul's and Van Win- kle avenues. Father Ter Woert had as assistants, in order of appointment. Revs. M. F. Downes, Edward Kelly, J. M. McCormac, M. J. Donnelly, and James T. Delehanty. On June ist, 1900, Father Ter Woert was promoted to the irre- movable rectonship of St. Mary's Church, Jersey City, and was succeeded by Rev. P. M. Smith, who had been pastor of St. Mary Magdalen's Church, Newark; and formerly an assistant for ten years at St. Joseph's Church, Jersey City. Father Smith has as assistants Fathers Preston and Kane. The small frame building which was bought in 1895, and occu- pied by the sisters ever since, is now too small to accommodate the large number of sisters required for school work ; and, in con- sequence, a large and magnificent brick convent is to be built in 1904; also a new hall and an addition to the school, all costing about ^50,000. When all improvements are made the parish will be worth about ^250,000. St. Anthony's Church, Jersey City. The Catholic Poles of Jersey City were formed into a parish by the Rev. Ignatius Barzoz in 1884, and a small frame church, 40 by 90 feet, built on Monmouth Street near Sixth. The next rector of the parish was the Rev. A. Mischnowski, IN NJ<:W JERSEY 519 and on his resignation in 1891 Bishop VViggcr ai^pointcd the Rev V. Kukowski. Under liis pastorate the new stone churcli was erected on the okl site. On Octoher i8th, 1895, the Rev. B. Kwiatkowski, who was appointed rectoi", built the parochial school and placed it in charge of the Felician Sisters of Detroit, Mich. Father Kwiatkowski also built the rectoi )■ and con- vent at the cornel" of Si-\th and Brunswick streets. The school has an attendance ot six hundred and thirty-fi\e pupils. St. Lucy's Catholic Church, Jersey City. After serving several years as a "chapel of ease" to St. Michael's Catholic Church, under the Re\'. Jan- uarius De Concilio, rector, St. Luc)'s Catholic Church was formall)' established as a separate iiarish, under the above legal title, June 22d, 1S84. The Rev. A. M. Kani- mer was the tirst rector, and untler his care the old Iranie church building was renovat- ed ami httetl for divine wor- shi|). In 1885 a rectory was built, at a cost of ^5,000, on the westerl)' side of GroN'C Street. In the year 1886 he built a one-stor)' frame build- ing, to serve as a school, on the southerl)' side of Sixteenth Street, and in 1887 purchased at $6,500 the four lots facing on Grove Street, for a future school. In September, 1888, Rev. Charles P. Gillen succeeded Rev. A. M. Kammer, who was s r. .A.X 'riloNV OF P.\DUA, JICRSEV flTY. <20 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH called by Bishop VVigger to found and t<> build St. Anne's Ger- man Church in Newark. In March, 1889, an opportunity was offered to complete the entire block of Church property by secur- M\ LUCY S CHURCH, JEKSICY C[TY. ing the two remaining lots facing on Grove Street, and Rev. C. P. Gillen purchased them at a C(jst of $3,600. A lover of Catholic education, Father Gillen began the erection of a modern brick school-house in August, 1899, on the southwesterly corner of IN NEW JERSEY 521 Grove and Sixteenth streets, and completed it at a cost of $26,000. The old frame church building, that had served in the past as a public school and house of divine worship, now began to show the decay of years Father Gillen's energy was therefore directed to a new church on the northwesterly corner of Grove and Fifteenth streets In September, 1 894, he began the work, piling and set- ting the concrete foundation , To enable him to raise funds, the work on the building rested for one year. The completion of the work, however, fell to the portion of his successor. In March, 1895, Rev. C. P Gillen was appointed rector of St. Joseph's Church, Paterson, in place of the Rev. S. B, Smith, D.D., de- ceased, and was succeeded in St. Lucy's by Rev. John J. Boylan. The new rector took up the work his predecessor had laid down. In July, 1895, the corner-stone of the new church was laid by Rt. Rev- W. M Wigger, D.D. The work progressed rapidly, and in the following year the church was completed from spire to altar at a cost of $60,000, and dedicated May 17th, 1896. The rapid increase in the parochial school necessitated a larger staff of teachers. But the convent was too small, and in June, 1897, Rev John J. Boylan built a new and commodious convent for the sisters on the northerly side of Fifteenth Street at a cost of $10,000 In i8g8, through the generosity of parishioners a bell was placed in the belfry of the church and school, and marble altars were placed in the church. In 1899 the parish limits were extended to the northerly side of Thirteenth Street, giving an in- creased population of fifteen hundred souls. In consequence new rooms were opened in the school, the cellar was arranged into courts for the children, the unfinished hall was completed, and the building was comfortably heated by steam. In 1901 a marked increase in the school necessitated the reno- vation of the old frame school building into a school annex at a cost of $3,700. The rectory built by Father Kammer was con- sidered inadequate as a home for three priests. In June, 1903, Rev. John J. Boylan moved the old rectory from its site to the rear of the school, so as to clear the ground for a suitable rectory. The parish has a population of thirty-five hundred, and its buildings are finished and permanent. The assistants have been Rev. E. A. Kelly, Rev. W. T. McLoughlin, Rev. J. A. Brown, Rev. Thomas McEnery, and the present, Rev. H. J. Watterson. The Rev. John J. Boylan, born in Jersey City December 27th, 1858, made his classical studies at St. Charles's, Maryland, and Seton Hall, where he was graduated with the class of '80. r o o THK CATHOLIC CHURCH Ha\'int;" cimiplctcil his llu'uld^A" he was oi-daiiicil in the rathe- clral, Ne\var]<, June /tli, 18.S4. lie was an assistant in St. JVIi- cliael's, Jersex' Cit\', until his appointment to the jiastofate of St. Teo's parish, Ir\-in,t;ton, |une 9th, 1 , Wisconsin, and ST, Al'OCSTlNl; S (IILKCn, K1-;CTI)KV AM) SCHOOL, UXIOX HILL. Seton Hall, and is a member of the class of '87. He studied the- ology in the diocesan semmarv, anil reeeix'ed holy orders in the cathech-al May 23d, 1891. He was an assistant in St. Fuc\''s, Jersey Cit\', and in the cathedral, and also in St. Mar\''s, Jersey City. His first appoint- ment as rector was C)ctober 2d, 1897, to St. Patriclv's, Chatham, whence he was promoted to Union Hill. St. Bridgit's Church, New Durham. St. Briogit's Roman Catholic Chui-ch, New Durham, North Bergen township, was founded b\' the Re\'. William Mc- Laughlin in 1900. The coiTiei'-stone was laid b)' Rt. Rev. W. M. Wigger on June 3d of that year. The church was dedicated on the second Sunday of October of the same yeai". It was sejiarated from St. Augustine's on June 5th, 1902, and the Re\'. Roger McGinlc)' was appointed fn-st resi- dent pastor, h'ather McCrinley's activity has found an ample IN NEW JI'.RSFT 527 field, ami the future of the purisli is bright. The new reetory was opened in November, 1903. b'ather MeGinle)" was born in New York C'it\', ;\ugusl 6lh, 1 (S70, antl educated at St. Laurent's, Canada, and Setnn Hall, fi'om which he was gi'aduated with the class ot 'gi. Having completed his thenlogical studies in the diocesan seniinai'v, he «'as ordained in the cathedral, June 8th, 1895. lie has e.xercised his ministi'y in St. Michael's and St. Joseph's, Jei-sev City, St. John's, Paterson, St. Mary's, Bayonne, and Union Hill. The Holy Rosary Church, Elizabeth. The parish of the Most Holy Rosary was founded in 1886. The necessit)" (.)f buikling a ehurcli in that section was orig- inally suggested by the past(.ir of St. Mary's parish. The Catholics who li\'ed iu this sectinn went some tn St. Mar\"'s, some to St. Patrick's, and were glad to ha\"e a (.hurch of their own con\x*nient to their homes. They willmgi)' made finan- lloLV HOS.AKV ClJLKi.ll .\.\l) SLllOoL, Kl.l/,\ia;Tl I . cial sacrifices, and soon the congregation was founded. Rt Rev. BLshop Wigger ga\e them a jiastor in the ])ersonof Rew 1. P. Callahan, who olfered Mass lor them and hekl othei- serxaces, through the kindness of P"ather\-on SchilgeiiLind his congregation, in St. Michael's Church for almost a year. 528 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH On July nth, 1887, the Church of the Most Holy Rosary was dedicated by the bishop, and the congregation from that on wor- shipped in their own modest edifice. The parish passed through many hardships, and the first pas- tors, the Rev. Fathers J. P. Callahan, J. J. McKeever, J. J. Cur- ran, and P. J. Connolly, labored earnestly and courageously. On July 30th, 1892, the present pastor, Rev. J. J Smith, was sent by the bishop, and under his administration great progress has been made. This young priest found the parish in a very precarious con- dition, with nearly ^20,000 debt, and went immediately and ear- nestly to work, so that in a short time he not only brought down the debt to less than half, but built a school hall, and made many other improvements. Under his management was built the house for the sisters, who teach four hundred children of the parochial school. Father Smith has made all these improvements, and cut down the entire indebtedness to ^2,500. Father Smith was born in Jersey City in 1856, and in 1872 his parents sent him to Montreal, to St. Mary's College, where he first studied in the commercial department. He took, later on, the classics. From Montreal he went to St. Francis Xavier's College, in New York City, where he was graduated. Father Smith was ordained in Seton Hall College, after finish- ing his studies there, on May 19th, 1883. He celebrated his first High Mass on May 27th, in St. Bridget's Church, Jersey City. The bishop appointed Father Smith, after his ordination, as assistant to St. Columba's parish, where he remained till 1887,- when he was appointed curate to St. Patrick's Cathedral, Newark. St. Venantius's Church, Orange. The parish of St. Venantius was separated from St. John's in August, 1 887, by Bishop Wigger, and Father Seeber appointed as pastor. He remained until 1889, when the Rev. Dr. Messrner, now Archbishop of Milwaukee, took charge of the congregation until the appointment of the Rev. P. A. Wenzel in July, 1899. Shortly after his appointment Father Wenzel built a school and in 1892 the present rectory. IN NEW JERSEY 529 Church of Our Lady of Sorrows, South Orange. The Catholics of the village of South Orange were attended by the priests of St. John's Church, Orange, as far back as the )'ear 1853. Mass was said more than fifty )'ears ago by the Rev. Father Murray, of St. John's Church, Orange, in the house of one John Fitzsimmons. The old house still stands on the corner (.)f Irvington and Tiehenor avenues. Afterward the few scattered Catholics of the \'illage assembled for Mass in the marble man- sion, then old Seton Hall. When the chapel of the Immaculate Conception, at Seton Hall, was constructed, priests of the college attended to the spiritual wants of the \'illagers. We find on the baptismal register the following names of priests: Rev. E. M. Hickey, Rev. B. J. McQuaid, Rev. Dr. Brann, Rev. M. A. Corrigan, D.D., Re\-, P. J. Cody, l^ev. Pierce McCarthy, Rev. J. H. Cor- rigan, Rev. L. Schneider, Rev. William Wiseman, Rev. G. \\\ Corrigan, Rev. W. P. Salt, Rev. J. Joseph Schan- del. Rev. S. G. Messmer, and Re\". J. J. O'Connor. In the year 1887 Rev. J F. Salaum became the first resident rector, and remained until the year 1888. In this year the Rev. Charles Mijll, D.D., was appointed to succeed Father Salaum. Dr. Mull be- gan the construction of the Chmxh of Our Lady of Sorrows in the village of South Orange, which was completed b)- the Rev. L, C. M, Carroll, who was appointed rector September 12th, 1889. The new church was dedicated (.m the third Sunday of September, 1889. Father Carroll purchasetl as temporary rec- tory the present convent on Academy Street. In the year 1890 he built St. Mary's School, also the present rectory. Rev. A. H. Stein was appointed as assistant priest in June, 1893, and remained until October, 1894. On March 15th, 1894, Rev. J. J. Hall was appointed to succeed the Rev. L. C. M. Car- roll. Father Hall, born at Providence, R. I., April 4th, 1856, was 34 CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF SORROWS, SOUTH ORANGE. 530 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH educated at the Academy of the Christian Brothers, Provi- dence, and at Manliattan College, New York. His theologi- cal studies were made in Seton Hall, and he was ordained in the cathedral, Newark, June 3d, 1882. The following congregations have been the field of his priestly labors: the cathedral, St. Jo- seph's, Jersey City, St. John's, Paterson, and six years rector of Mount Hope, There are over one thousand members in the parish, which makes it the largest congregation of any church in the village. The grounds about the church are attractive and kept very neatly. Many shade trees have been placed along the Fourth Street and Academy Street fronts, and in summer they lend a very pleasing effect to the beauty of the place. The church prop- erty extends from Academy Street to Prospect Street, and has a frontage for the whole block on Fourth Street. There is a parochial school connected with the parish, and this has a daily attendance of over two hundred and fifty chil- dren. Besides the grammar grades there is a high-school course, and provision is also made for a business course in bookkeeping, typewriting, and stenography. The expenses of this school are provided for by the members of the parish. St. Bridgit's Church, Newark. St. Bridgit's parish was founded January 5th, 1887, and Mass was celebrated for the first time in the chapel, which now serves as a school, on Sunday, April 3d, 1887. The first pastor was the Rev. Michael J. White. Father "White was born at Tallow, county Waterford, Ireland, on September i6th, 1854; was educated in Mount Melleray and St. John's seminary, Waterford. He entered Maynooth Col- lege for his theological course, and was ordained priest there in 1878. His ministry covers St. John's, Paterson, St. Mary's, Dover, St. John's, Newark, and the cathedral. The corner-stone of the present church was laid October i8th, 1891, and the church was dedicated June 12th, 1892, by Bishop Wigger. September 14th, 1896, Father White was transferred to St. Columba's, Newark, and the Rev. Eugene P. Carroll was ap- pointed his successor. Father Carroll, born in Morristown, N. J., on April 19th, 1859, educated at St. Charles's, Maryland, and at Seton Hall, was gradu- IN NEW JERSEY 53^ ated with the class of '8i. He was ordained in Seton Hall Chapel on March 8th, 1885. As assistant he labored most faithfully at St. Mary's Church, l^lizaheth, from March 12th, 1885, until his appointment as rector of St. Bridgit's. The sickness of h'athers Thebaud and Corrigan threw the responsibilit)' of the ad- ministration of St. Mar_\'s on the shoulders of Father Car- roll. He not only discharged all the duties of the pastorate carefujh', but was tlie devot ed friend who consecrated his ser\'ices, in season and out of season, ungrudgingl)' to both ].iastors Father Carroll purchased the new rectory on Washing- ton Street, and remodelled the old rectory for the Sisters of Charit)' iii the early part of 1899. Members of the Carmelite order have, from time to time, rendered assistance to the parish liam B. Masterson is a child of the parish. ST. i;i(ii)CUT s (.iirKLii. m:w.\k The Re\-, Wil- St. Francis's Church, Hoboken. The Church of St. Francis of Assisi, Ilolioken, was founded on May 5th, 1888, by the Very Rev. Dominic Marzetti, 13.1)., O.M.C., for the Italians of lloboken. h'ather Marzetti labored most faithfully and assiduously among his compatriots until his death on April 12th, 1902. He was assisted 1)\' the l\e\'. Feter fachetti. Father Jachetti, who died a few \-ears ago in I tab', tleserx'cs to be remembered by the Catholics of the diocese of Newark, where. 53 2 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH during his long period of ministry, he built more than a dozen churches in different sections. The Rev, Ambrose R. Rhiner, O.M.C., was appointed pastor April 15th, igo2, and he was assisted by the Rev. Fathers Camil- lus Eichenlaub, O.M.C., and Pacificus Jachetti, O.M.C. Father Ambrose opened the first parochial school Sep- tember 8th, 1902, with the enrolment of one hundred and thirty children in charge of the Franciscan Sisters of Syracuse, New York. St. Joseph's Church, Bayonne. St. Joseph's Church, Bayonne, was bought from the Lutheran congregation in 1888 for the sum of ^7,500, to be used for the Catholic Slo\'aks of Bayonne. Their first pastor was the Rev. Samuel Bela, who re- mained until 1895, when the Rev. John Hlebik became his successor. During his administration the rectory was built. The Rev. Frank Sismonik, after a brief service, was succeeded by the Rev. E. F. Richtartsick, the present rector. This is a large and prosperous congregation. ST. FRANCIS S CHURCH. HdUOKKX. St. Anne's Church, Newark. The corner-stone of St. Anne's Church, Newark, was laid October 21st, 1888, during the pastorate of the Rev. A. M. Kam- mer, who remained in charge of this congregation until 1898, when he was succeeded by the present pastor, the Rev. Joseph Gruber. The parish is well equipped with church, school, convent, and rectory. There are four hundred and fifty-two pupils in the school. When this parish was first organized, four rooms were IN NEW JERSEY 533 rented on the northeast corner of Sixteenth Avenue and Sixth Street as a temporary rectory. On September 23d, 1888, the Holy Sacrifice was offered for the first time in a store-room next door to the corner. These were the initial efforts of the new congregation. Nine teaching Sisters of the order of St. Dominic occupied the dwelling on South Sixth Street, rented by the rector. Church of St. Rose, Belmar, N. J. Belmar is one of the most popular and attractive of the sea- side resorts which line the coast of New Jersey from Sandy Hook to Cape May. About the year 1888 the corner-stone of the first church was laid; but the congregation increased so rapidly that a larger church became necessary, the corner-stone of which was laid in 1890 by the late Bishop O'Farrell. Belmar is one of the many missions founded along the coast by the Rev. Michael L. Glennon, late pastor of Asbury Park. The Rev. John W. Norris in 1 895 was named pastor of Spring Lake and Belmar, now detached from Asbury Park. In 1896 the Rev. Thomas J. McLaughlin succeeded Father Norris, and in 1902 Belmar was made a separate parish, and the first pastor, the present incumbent, the Rev. Thomas B. Nolan, was appointed by Bishop McFaul. During the summer months so great is the number of visiting Catholics that each year the number of Masses is increased, and measures have been taken to build a church in the nearby settle- ment of Avon. Father Nolan has proved himself well fitted for the difficult position of his new charge ; and since his advent has built a rec- tory and entirely renovated the old church, now used as a hall, and the present church edifice. Church of Our Lady of the Lake, Mount Arlington, N. J. Attached to St. Michael's Church, Netcong, is the mission of Our Lady of the Lake, Mount Arlington, originally known as the mission of St. Matthew. The church is a frame structure 60 by 26 feet, with all rubrical appurtenances. The corner-stone was laid July 29th, 1888, by Rev. James H. Brady, and Mass was cele- brated in it for the first time on September 2d of the same year. 534 THE CAIHOLIC CHURCH Previous to this date serxiccs were held in the Hotel Breslin. The church was dedicated Auj^ust 15th, 1889. Its grounds cover an area of 46,500 square feet. The mission of Oui- Lady of the Lake is for the benefit of sum- mer boarders and cottagers at Lake Hopatcong and its surround- ings. Church of Sts. Peter and Paul, Hoboken. To make provision for the German Catholic population of Hoboken, l->ishoi) ^Vigger appointed the Rew L. Hofschneider pastor of the German Cath- illCS the of Hoboken in spring of 1 889. The dwelling-house on Hudson Street was pur- chased and the first floor ad- apted for a chapel, in which divine service was held for a year, beginning May 19th, 1889. Bisho]! Wigger laid the corner-stone of the present ChiuTh of Sts. Peter and I^aul on December i6th, 1 88g. A parish s c h o o 1 was opened in the basement of the priests' house on Septem- ber 1st of the same )'ear. On Jul)' 13th, 1900, the Church of Sts. Peter and Paul was dedicated by Bishop Wigger, St. Stanislaus's Church, Newark. Prior to the )ear 1888 the Polish Catholics resident in Newark had no place of worship of theii' own. The most zealoiLs among them en- dea\'ored — and successfully — to form the Poles into a congregation. Having waited on Bishop Wigger and presented to him the CHURCH C)F STS. PF.TER AND I'AUL, HDIIOKKX. IN NKW Jl'.RSKY S3S names and numbers of the Polish C'athnUrs, the)' receiv'ecl permis- sion from the Ordinary of the diocese to take the necessai-y meas- ures to obtain the means whereb)- a church might be built. Thus in the year 1889 the parish of St. Stanislaus's was established. In that same year the first rector, the Rev. J. Machnikowski, was appointed. Three lots, on which was a small frame building, were purchased on Belmont A\'- enue. Father Machnikowski's successor was the Rev. A. Klawiter, who after a short time was succeeded bv the Rev. C. Labuzinski. Under this pastor the par- ish made considerable prog- ress, and a parochial school was opened in the \ear 1 893 with thu't)' pupils. In 1895 the Re\'. Valen- tine Chlebowski took charge for a few months, and his successors were the Rev. B. Kwiatkowski and the Rev. E. Kucharski. On I'ebruarN' 29th the Re\'. \'itus J. Masnicki, 01- dained t(i the holy priesthontl at Setnii llall, was apiiointcl Intake charge of St. Stanislaus. Under his administration the parish made great progress, so that it became necessary to secure more land in ordei' to build a school and a new church. In 1899 the fine new school and sisters' house were erected, and solemnh' blessed Septembei" 15th. In 1901 the present brick and stone church on Belmont Avenue was erected, the dedication of which took place December 15th, ST. ST.XXIsr.M's S t I ■|U II, .\i:w.-\RK. 53^ THE CATHOLIC CHURCH 1901, Bishop O'Connor and many priests of the diocese being present Father Masnicki and his generous flock deserve the greatest credit since they have placed the parish in a flourishing condition in a short space of time There are over three thousand souls in the parish, and three hundred and eighty pupils in the school. The church is supplied with more than a dozen societies to sup- plement the work of the pastor and promote devotion among the flock. Church of the Sacred Heart, Newark. The Rev. Michael A. McManus was appointed by Bishop Wigger in the fall of 1 890 to erect a church on the new cathedral property. A one-story frame structure was erected, to which a brick superstructure was added the following year. In the lower part of the building arrangements were made for a school. Father McManus was born in Paterson, N. J., in 1849. He made his preparatory studies at St. Charles's, Maryland, and at Seton Hall, and was a graduate of the class of '70. Having com- pleted his theological studies, he was ordained priest in the college chapel April 26th, 1874. His first mission was St. Michael's, Jer- sey City, where he fell dangerously ill and went to Florida to recuperate. On his return he was named chaplain of the Protec- tory at Denville, and later assistant at Morristown. In 1 876 he was transferred to St Joseph's, Newark, and in 1877 named first resident pastor of Woodbury and its missions, Snowhill and Glass- boro. He was appointed rector of St. Joseph's, Newton, Octo- ber 28th, 1881, where he opened a parish school and established the Sisters of Charity. In February, 1892, Father McManus was appointed pastor of St. Aloysius's Church, Newark, and was suc- ceeded by the Rev. J. J. Brennan, pastor of Morris Plains and Whippany. Father Brennan labored in this field for five years, and died March 20th, 1897. It is said that Father Brennan inspired Bishop Wigger with the idea of building the new cathedral. The present rector is the Rev. James J. Sheehan. Father Sheehan was born in New York City December 4th, 1858. His preparatory studies were made at St. Francis Xavier's College and his theological studies at Seton Hall, where he was ordained May 19th, 1883. He was appointed as assistant at St. Patrick's, Jersey City, June 6th, 1 883, and here he rendered efiicient services for IN NEW JERSEY 537 fourteen years. Father Sheehan built l^ayley Hall to accommo- date the parish needs and for public inirposes. He has likewise built a convent for the sisters who teach in the school. Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Newark. The foundation of this parish dates from the year 1890 The Rev. Conrad M. Shotthoefer, D.D., was appointed by Bishop Wigger to minister to the Italians of the city of Newark. The present church was formerly the Second Reformed Church, and was purchased from the Ptot- estants. Father Sh^tthoefer's suc- cessor was the Rev. Joseph Ali. P'ather Ali was born in Jerusalem, Palestine ; made his preparatory studies in P'rance, and his theology in the College Prignole-Sale, where he was (jrdainecl Au- gust 31st, 1890. Previous to his appoint- ment he had acted as assist- ant at St. Nich(.)las's, Pas- saic, and at St. Philip's, Newark, January 9th, 1894. His successor was the Re\'. Plrnest d'Aquila. P'a- ther d'Aquila was born May 20th, 1868, at \'inchiaturo, Italy, and made Ins prepara- tory studies at that city in Campobasso, and his theo- logical studies at Pioiam >. He was ordained at San Severo, province of Foggia. He discharged the duties of professor in the French college in Cairo, Eg)'pt, and in S)'ria, Asia; and was pro- fessor of music and P'rench in the theolo.yical seminary of Boiano and Termoli. He was affiliated to the diocese of Newark, and appointed rector of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in 1893. Under P'ather d'Aquila's pastorate this parish has made great advancement in the character and growth of its numbers and in CHURt H OF OL'H LADY OF JIOUNT C.AR.MEL, NEWARK. SJS THE CATHOLIC CHLIRCH the improvements whicli have loecn w)-(jught in tlie cliurch There is ;i ]):irish school attached to this church under the direc- tion of the Missionary Sisters of tlie Sacred Heart, with ;in attend- ance of four hundred children. St. Lucy's Church, Newark. St. Lucy's Catholic Church, Newark, was incorporated on September 30th, 1891, by Bishop Wiggcr. 'i'he corner-stone was laid Uecembei- i 3tli, 1 891, the feast of the patroness of the church ; antl the Rev. James J. Moone\' ]ireached the ser- mon on the occasion. In the beginning of the year 1893 I<"ather Shotthoefer resigned and the Rev. An- tonio Saponio was his suc- cessor, and labored among the Lalians of tliis paidsh un- til October, 1895. On the 25th of the same month the Rev. I'eli.x Morelli, the pastor of St. Philip's Church, was recjuested b\' the Ordinar\- of the diocese to attend to the wants of St. Luc\-'s ; but, as he was unable to gi\'c to it his pei'sonal super\'ision, different ])riests from St. Philip's ex- ercised the ministr\' of this paiisli. December 20th, 1897, the Row Jose|)h Perrotti was ]ilaced as administi'ator, and Xo\emlDer 17th, 1899, P'ishop W'iggei- appointed him ]>asto|- of St. Luc\'s. During this \'ear the church had made c^onsiderable pi'ogress. Ten adthtional lots ha\'e been purchased with a \iew of erect- ing a new church and school. .At the close of the \eai- 1900 a ])arochial school was opened on Amit\' f-'lace. Church of the Immaculate Conception, Hackensack. Owixc to the influx of foreigners into this section of Hacl HmH4V, Wt But in this as in all other efforts to promote the glory of God and the salvation of souls, your earnest, active cooperation will be required and I am sure it will not be lacking. When the centenary of our diocese will be celebrated, it will be recorded as a matter of just pride and glory that in this all- important work of Christian education the clergy have been loyally upheld and supported, as they have been during the past fifty years, by the generous, zealous, and self-sacrificing laymen of the Diocese of Newark. Once more I thank you for your presence here this evening, and I assure you that to me one of the most pleasant memories of 37 57B THE CATHOLIC CHURCH our jubilee will be the recollection of your cordial greeting, and the proof you have evinced of the intimate bonds of friendship and good will which unite the laity of the diocese with their clergy and bishop. Thus were the jubilee exercises brought to a close. It was, indeed, a memorable event, which commemorated the initial strug- gles of a new diocese, with its faithful people, poor in purse but strong in faith, despised and barely tolerated by the inhabitants of the State, without priests, churches, or schools, or religious insti- tutions of any kind whatever ; and in the brief span of fifty years an increase of tenfold in the number of churches and ninefold in population, a Catholic population in both dioceses — Newark and Trenton — of 378,000, nearly 50,000 children attending 167 Catho- lic schools and institutions, and 396 priests attending the 416 churches and chapels throughout the State. And the work still goes on — new churches are in process of erection, young men are filling up the gaps in the ranks of the priesthood, and the flower of the devout female sex is consecrating itself to the service of the Master in his children and in his poor and afflicted. The same spirit of generosity, aye, and a greater spirit, characterizes the children of the early pioneers and con- fessors of the faith, the same self-sacrifice is manifest to-day as fifty years ago, and the fervor and faith of the present generation do not pale before the splendid manifestation of these virtues by their forefathers of yore. Church of the Holy Trinity, Perth Amboy. Diocese of Trenton. This parish was founded in Perth Amboy for the benefit 'of the Slovak Catholics on April 22d, 1900. The first pastor was the Rev. Francis Januschek. The church was built in 1901, and the first Mass celebrated December 1 5th of the same year. The dedication services were held by Bishop McFaul on No- vember 27th, 1902. St. Mary's Church, East Vineland. Diocese of Trenton. This parish was organized in September, 1887, by the Rev. Father Porcile, and until 1897 was attached to the Vineland mis- sion. Bishop McFaul then made it a separate parish and ap- IN NEW JERSEY 579 pointed the Rev. Luigi Pozzi pastor. Father Pozzi labored with great success and improved the parish both spiritually and mate- rially. On his transfer to another field in the episcopal city he was succeeded by the present pastor, the Rev. Nicola Coscia, August, igoi. There is no parish school, as the congregation is a farming class and too much scattered to make a school available. Attached to the parish is a well-ordered cemetery of four acres. There is no debt on the parish, and as the members are all poor, hard-working Italians this fact is the best eulogy of their faith. Until 1902 the mission of Landisville v/as attended from this parish, when it was detached and together with Minotola formed into an independent parish. In the latter place is a neat stone church, erected by Father Coscia. The present pastor of the new parish is the Rev. Nicola Leone. St. Anne's Church, Hoboken. St. Anne's Church was founded in May, igoo, for the Italians of Hoboken. The Rev. F. De Persia was the first pastor, assisted by the Rev. Vimoselli. In March, 1903, the Rev. John Rongetti was appointed rector, with the Rev. Alphonso d'Angelo as assistant. The corner-stone of the new church was laid November 8th, 1903, by the Rev. Father Hofschneider, of the Church of Sts. Peter and Paul. St. Stephen's Polish Church, Newark. The church of St. Stephen proto-martyr was founded for the Slavs of the city of Newark. The first rector of this church was the Rev Polycarp Scherer, O.S.B., whose assistant, the Rev. Immanuel Zdenck, discharged all the duties of the ministry until August 1 6th, 1 90 1. In December, 1901, the Rev. Julius Szabo was appointed rector and labored until October, 1902. His successor for a brief period was the Rev. Paul Viragh, who was succeeded by the present rec- tor, the Rev. Joseph Pospech, on November 3d, 1902. The church was built in 1902 on Bruce Street, and on the 14th of December of the same year was blessed by the Rt. Rev. John J. O'Connor, D.D. The same year the rectory was also built. Circumstances do not as yet justify the erection of a school. 58o THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Church of St. Anthony of Padua, East Newark, On April 7th, 1901, the Rev. Peter Catalano had opened a mission chapel for the Catholic Italians of Harrison, N. J., and nearby. The Italians were very poor and very ignorant, and to educate their children and by this means the better to reach their parents a small school was opened. Their first chapel and school were in a vacant store on Thir- teenth Street. An opportunity presented itself to purchase a small Protestant chapel on Second Street. This was bought and prepared for divine service and dedicated by Bishop O'Connor on June 24th, 1901. The Church of Our Lady of Good Counsel, Newark, N. J. The Rt. Rev. Bishop O'Connor appointed the Rev. William J. Richmond to this parish on Christmas Day, 1901, leaving him free to select the site of the new church building ; and he succeeded in securing twenty-four lots in all, bounded by Summer and Wood- side avenues on east and west, and north by Heller Parkway, for- merly known as Fredonia Avenue. At a meeting held in the episcopal residence. South Orange, N. J., January nth, 1902, the parish was formally incorporated, with Rt. Rev. J. J. O'Connor, D.D., Bishop of the Diocese of Newark; Rev. W. J. Richmond as pastor and secretary, and P. L. Bryce and Ernest Roloff as lay trustees, who as an incorporat- ing body formally instituted the new parish at Woodside or North Newark under the title of the Church of Our Lady of Good Counsel. This parish was formed from the northern portion of St. Michael's parish and the southern portion of St. Peter's of Belle- ville, extending from the Passaic River to Branch Brook Park. As there was no suitable hall in Woodside wherein the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass could be offered, an effort was made to lease the old Morton House, 37 Carteret Street. To this the owner would not consent, but offered to sell it, and as the price seemed reasonable it was purchased, with a view of using the first floor and halls as a chapel and the part above as a residence, as it has been used since. The census showed about seven hundred souls who should be IN NEW JERSEY 581 Catholics, but owing to many intermarriages with non-Catholics the indifference and neglect of religion were most apparent. Many have shown a very friendly spirit, and the relations with these have been very pleasant. At first two Masses were said, seven and ten o'clock each Sunday, but it was found necessary to have three Masses and to secure assistance for one Mass. Rev. Luigi Davdeha has been assisting regularly. Plans were drawn for a two-story utility building, main floor to be used as a temporary church and the lower floor as an enter- tainment hall, with a view of ultimately using it for a school. The structure is of brick, 107 by 45 feet. There will be an organ loft but no gallery, and the sitting capacity will be 580. The corner-stone was to have been laid on August 29th, but owing to stormy weather it was postponed until the next week, September 6th. The Rt. Rev. J. J. O'Connor, D.D., officiated, and a score or more of the clergy were present. The different societies had been invited and fprmed at Military Park, marching several hundred strong up Broad Street, Third Avenue, and Sum- mer Avenue to the grounds. The mounted squad of police led the line, followed by Grand Marshall Hugh Gilligan with several aides-de-camp, all mounted. The societies were well represented, especially the Knights of Columbus and the Holy Name societies. At least two thousand people were present. The ceremonies were imposing and the sermon was eloquent. While a school, with the influence of the good sisters over the children, is greatly needed, yet the struggling condition of the parish does not war- rant its establishment at the present time. Church of the Sacred Heart, Kingsland, N. J. For twenty years the people of Kingsland, Lyndhurst, and vicinity had longed for a church, as they were obliged to travel five miles to Avondale to assist at Mass. A small store was hired and Mass celebrated on the first Sun- day of February, 1902. Three months later two lots were pur- chased in Kingsland, on which was erected a brick and frame church. Mass is celebrated here every Sunday and the parish is attached to St. Stephen's Church, Arlington, of which the Rev. Samuel Hedges is pastor. 582 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH The Church of the Blessed Sacrament, Newark. The organization of the Catholics of Clinton Hill into a sepa- rate parish, to be attended from St. Leo's Church, Irvington, antedates the annexation of that territory to the city of Newark. In April, 1902, Bishop O'Connor permitted the Holy Sacrifice to be offered in the house of Mr. Frank J. Finley for the convenience of the Catholics in this growing locality. Soon the hundred and nKjre families resnh'cd to make an earnest effort to se- cure a site for a future church. Three acres of undeveloped land were purchased from the Schwartz estate at a cost of $12,000, and the corner of Clinton Place and Millington Avenue was chosen for the new church. The corner- stone was laid Sunday after- noon, Se]itember 27th, in the presence of a multitude of the lait)' and a considerable number of priests. The dedication took jilace Thanksgiving Day, November 26th, the Rt. Rev. Bishop O'Connor presiding at the function, and at the Mass, which was sung by Monsignor Stafford, the sermon was preached b\' the Rev. S. Hedges. CHURCH f)F THE LLESSED SACRA- MENT, NEWARK. Church of the Madonna Delia Libra, West New York. The Italians of West New York have been formed into a con- gregation by Father Rongetti, and services were held on October igth, 1902, in a temporar)' chapel. A permanent church and rectory are about to be built on the Hudson ]5oulevard. Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Bayonne. The Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel was built in 1902 for the Poles of 15ayonnc and dedicateil by Bishop O'Connor. The Catholics of this nationality ha\-e unfortunatel)- been di\'ided for the last fmir or five )-ears, and a ]iorlion of them ha\'e become schismatics. IN NEW JERSEY 583 The Rev. Sigismund Swider was appointed to this flock in 1900, and under his active administration those who had strayed away are being gradually brought back to the fold. Father Swider purchased property and erected the basement of a new church, in which divine service is held and a school taught by four Franciscan Sisters. He has likewise built a rectory. Church of the Assumption, Bayonne. The corner-stone of the Church of the Assumption on West Twenty-third Street, Bayonne, was laid November i6th, 1902, and the' church dedicated December, 1902, by Bishop O'Connor. This church is intended for the Italians. The present rector is the Rev. Michael Mercolino, assisted by the Rev. Vincent Arienzo. St. Mary's Church, Deal and Allenhurst. Diocese of Trenton. This congregation owes its origin to the development of this section of the New Jersey coast and to the settlement of many Catholic families of wealth and prominence, especially during the summer months. Until September, 1902, services were held in a large tent in the meadow by the Rev. R. A. Crean, of West End. One of the parishioners, Mr. Daniel O'Day, having made an offer of $10,000 on condition that the Catholics of Deal raise an additional $10,000, and this condition having been complied with, a new stone church is in process of erection and will be ready for the season of 1904. The pastor is the Rev. John W. Norris, J. CD., Chancellor of the Diocese of Trenton. St. Mary's Church, Jersey City. Sunday, October i8th, 1903, the Rt. Rev. Bishop O'Connor dedicated the completed portion of St. Mary's Church, Erie and Second streets. Even in its uncompleted state the basement church presented a most cheerful and inviting appearance, and its full seating capacity of sixteen hundred was more than taxed when the Mass commenced. Rev. Father Maher was celebrant, Rev. Father Corcoran deacon, and Rev. John F. Boyle sub-deacon. 584 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Bishop O'Connor occupied a throne on the Gospel side of the altar. Rev. Father Burke, C.S.P., preached an eloquent sermon on the subject, "The Church the Teacher of Mankind." The altar was beautifully decorated. Collections were taken up for the new cathedral and St. Mary's parish church building fund. The congregation will from henceforth until the main church is completed have in the basement church a structure large enough to seat without undue crowding over sixteen hundred per- sons. The fittings, while plain, are of the most substantial kind, and there is an abundance of light and air. The interior is very cheerful because cosiness is imparted by the neatly wainscoted walls. The pews are of quartered oak and are roomy and very comfortable. The main altar rests in a circu- lar alcove lighted from above by a ground-glass cupola. The Church of the Holy Rosary, Jersey City. Sunday, October 25th, 1903, the Rt. Rev. Monsignor John A. Sheppard, Vicar-General, presided at the ceremonies incident to the laying of the corner-stone of the new Italian Church of Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary, on Sixth Street, between Mon- mouth and Brunswick streets. A parade through the lower north- ern portion of the city preceded the exercises. All the Italian societies in the city, as well as large delegations from others in Pas- saic, taterson, and Newark, took part, and music was provided by three first-class bands. The clergymen invited by Rev. Vin- cent Sciolla, rector of the parish, rode in carriages. At the church a gathering of between three thousand and four thousand people awaited the return of the paraders. The street for an entire block was crowded from curb to curb, and hundreds viewed the proceedings from the Pennsylvania RR. elevation. The corner-stone of polished gray marble was laid at the north- west corner of the building after the impressive ritual usual in such cases had been read by Monsignor Sheppard. A sermon in Italian followed. Rev. Ernesto d'Aquila, rector of the Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Newark, being the preacher, and a brief sermon in English was afterward given by Rev. Father An- drew, of the Passionist Monastery, West Hoboken. IN NEW JERSEY 585 St. Joseph's Church, Oradell. On Sunday afternoon, November 22cl, 1903, the Rt. Rev. J. J. O'Connor, Bishop of the Diocese of Newarlc, laid the corner-stone of the new Cathohc church at Oradell, N. J. The ceremonies were conducted before an assemblage of about five hundred people. The Rev. J.J. Cunneely worked earnestly to build this church. When completed the church will be one of the most beautiful in that section of the State. In addition to Trinity Council, K. of C, a number of Knights from Madonna Council, Englewood, Hoboken, and other councils formed in line outside the council chamber, marched in a body to the train, and from the train to the site of the new church, and took part in the musical programme. The choir of Holy Trinity Church, Hackensack, under the direction of Professor Klaas, ren- dered the musical part of the services. The following visiting priests were present : The Rev. T. A. Wallace, the Rev. T. J. McDonald, and the Rev. Benedict J. O'Neill, of Englewood; the Rev. Patrick Cody, of Newark; the Rev. James Flanagan, Ridgefield Park; the Rev. J. E. Lambert, St. Mary's Church, Hackensack ; and the Rev. Joseph Ascheri, Lodi. The sermon was preached by Father Cody, rector of St. James's Church, Newark, who was in charge of Holy Trinity Church, Hackensack, from 1867 to 1870. His remarks were of exceptional interest. He described the various ceremonies to be conducted in the future church, from the baptism of the infant to the solemn service for the dead. Father Cunneely, of Holy Trinity Church, Hackensack, then thanked those present for their attendance, especially the Knights of Columbus of Trinity Council, Hackensack, and Madonna Council, Englewood. This church has been erected for the convenience of the Cath- olics in Peetzburg, Oradell, and New Milford. For some months divine service was held in the home of Mr. Bird. S86 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH St. Michael's Church, Paterson. Sunday, October 25th, 1903, Bishop O'Connor dedicated to the service of God the church of St. Michael, Paterson. This building for many years was the stronghold of Methodism in Pat- erson, and was known far and wide as the Cross Street Church. It was purchased for the use of the many thousand Italians who find occupation in the silk industry of Paterson. Father Felix De Persia, who labored successfully in Hoboken, is the pastor. Immediately following the dedication of the church a mission by the Passionists was opened, which proved a source of many graces and blessings — over nine hundred approached the sacraments. Father De Persia is making arrangements to open a parish school. On New Year's Day, 1904, the Rt. Rev. Monsignor Sheppard, V.G., dedicated St. Anthony's Church, Elizabeth, for the use of the Italians. This church formerly belonged to the Protestants. IN NEW JERSEY 587 DIOCESAN INSTITUTIONS Sisters of Charity, Convent Station, N. J. The history of the rise and progress of the Sisters of Charity is so closely identified with the prosperity of the Church in the Diocese of Newark that it is proper that a history of their founda- tion should find place in this history of Catholicity. On the 23d of January, 1847, the Sisters of Charity, who had come from Emmettsburg, the first mother house of the order in the United States, founded by the revered Mother Elizabeth Seton, were constituted a local commimity in the diocese of New York, under the patronage of the Most Rev. John Hughes, and were incorporated under the title of " The Sisters of Charity of St. \'incent de Paul." The first novitiate was regularly opened on the 13th of Februar)-, 1847, at St. Mar)- s Convent, East Broad- way, New York City. Catharine Mehegan, a native of Cork, Ire- land, known in religion as Sister Mary Xavier, was one of the first three to receive the novice habit in the new community. The sisters were at once engaged in the service of the sick poor and in the work of the schools. Sister Mar\- Xa\ier being appointed to assist Sister Angela Hughes, the local superior of St. Vincent's Hospital, now on East Thirteenth Street. Sister M. Xavier labored among the sick untU she was sent to take charge of a mis- sion which had been previous]}' opened in Newark, N.J. Shortly after her appointment as superior of the orphan asylum attached to St. Patrick's Church, New York, four or five sisters were sent from the mother house in New York, at the request of Bishop- elect Bayley, to take charge of the orphan as\lum in Newark and teach in the parochial school connected with St. Patrick's Church. A few weeks later other missions were opened in Paterson and in Jersey City. The last superior of the mother house in Newark was Sister Mary Xavier, while Sister Mar\- Catharine Nex'in, whose name is so closely identified with that of Mother Xavier in the foundation of the Sisters of Charity in New Jerse}-, was ajj- pointed to the Paterson mission, then situated on Church Street. As the wants of the diocese increased, and as it was impossible 588 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH to secure from the mother house in New York subjects to carry on the work inaugurated in the parish schools of the new diocese, on April ist, 1856, Bishop Bayley wrote to the Very Rev. William Starr, V.G., ecclesiastical superior of the community, making application for some sisters to take charge of the domestic ar- rangements in Seton Hall College, then located in Madison. Again, on June 9th, 1858, Bishop Bayley wrote to Archbishop Hughes, enclosing a copy of his letter to Mother Angela in regard to letting him have sisters to form a mother house in Newark. A similar letter was written to the Very Rev. Father Starr and to Mother Angela, requesting sisters to establish a community. His request at first was not considered. Disappointed but undaunted the bishop appealed to the mother house at Emmettsburg, but here again he was unsuccessful. Meanwhile Providence seemed to bless his resolution, for five young ladies volunteered to conse- crate their lives and their talents in the noble work of instructing children and caring for the orphans and the destitute. As there was as yet no house within the limits of his diocese where these young women might be properly trained, Bishop Bayley requested Mother Angela and also the mother superior of Emmettsburg to receive the young postulants and prepare them in the novitiate for the great work he hoped to see carried on in the diocese. This was found to be impracticable, as both houses felt that they were unable to devote to the probationers the necessary time and attention. In August, 1858, Bishop Bayley wrote to Bishop Neuman, of Philadelphia, requesting him to use his good offices to secure for the diocese the Sisters of St. Joseph. Disappointed in his hopes with regard to the training of his five young candidates, on June 1 0th, 1858, Bishop Bayley wrote to Archbishop Purcell and to Mother Margaret, the Superior of the Cincinnati branch of the Sisters of Charity, begging her to receive and train his five candi- dates. Mother Margaret had known Mother Seton, and because of her admiration of the virtues of that saintly woman she could not turn a deaf ear to the pleadings of her nephew, and accord- ingly consented to the request of Bishop Bayley. Father McQuaid without delay conducted the Misses Margaret O'Neill of Paterson, Mary Linah, Bridget Daley, Mary A. Duffy, and Margaret Plun- kett of Newark, to Cincinnati and installed them in the novitiate. Letters of Bishop Bayley, dated January nth, 1859, Septem- ber 24th and October 24th of the same year, contained checks in payment for the training of these novices. IN NEW JERSEY 5^9 li «- — — • f ^%f ^y fc' .7^ i 590 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH At the end of one year, and because of the pressing demands for their services in the young community at home, the five novices bade farewell to their Cincinnati friends and set out to begin their apostolic labors in New Jersey^ They were received with joy by the home community, and upon their arrival those of the Mt. St. Vincent sisters who had remained with Mother Mary Xavier to assist her until the return of her own subjects withdrew to the mother house in New York. Thus, on the 2gth of September, 1859, was formally opened, in the humble dwelling known as St. Mary's, the first mother house of the Sisters of Charity in New Jersey. This lowly house was a mansion of the old colonial times, belonging to Colonel "Ward, and stood on the corner of Washing- ton and Bleecker streets. In this antiquated and historic building the )'oung community, in poverty and humility, but filled with Christian joy and a yearning for souls, began its career of useful- ness and blessedness. Here was the first novitiate, and here also was a select school for young ladies, whose tuition fees helped to support the struggling community. Incredible as it may seem now when the size of the modest mother house is considered and the many uses to which each room was put. Mother Mary Xavier relates that the sisters had a portion of the building set off for a hospital, and at the time of leaving old St. Mary's to take up their abode in Madison there were thirteen patients under the care of the sisters in the Newark house. This- then was the first Catholic hospital in the State of New Jersey, and the blessings which have attended her every effort since those days of trial and sufferings were the reward, as the venerable Mother Xavier declares, of their first labors among the sick and the. poor. Later on these thirteen patients were trans- ferred to the hospital opened by the Sisters of the Poor. In the midst of poverty the little community flourished, and although the seeds of the order were sown amidst thorns and sorrows the harvest has' indeed been most abundant. In the course of time the work- of the ^sisters prospered and their numbers increased so rapidly that the little "mother house became too small for the growing heeds of the cbmmunlty. The old Chegaray property at Madison, in which the first diocesan" college and seminary was opened in 1856, after four years of experiment was found too far removed from the episcopal residence at Newark to enable the seminarists to take part in the sacred offices of the Church, as Bishop Bayley desired. It was also thought that a site nearer New York would induce the well-to-do Catholics to send their IN NEW jKRSKY 591 buys to Seton Mall m larger numbers. April 3(1, i860, Mr. Charles }. Osborne proposetl to Bisho|") l-ia)"ley the purehase of his beautiful residence at South Orange. The negotiations were rlosed, and the site vl the present magnificent college and senn- nar\' known as Seton Hall was purchased. Contracts for addi- tional buildings were given out and measures takeir to expedite the work, so that exerything woukl be in readiness for the opening in the tollowing Se[itember. The Madison propert)' was sold b)' the bishop to tire Sisters of Charit\- for the sum of 5^5,000. Jul\- 2d, i860, the si->tei-s left theii' ^sewark home and took their new i^osscssion ot mother house. The\- opened also a select boarding-school for young ladies and named it St. Eliza- beth's, to commemorate theii- foundation on the Feast of the \'isitation, and also in honor of their revered foun- dress. Mother Elizabeth Se- ton. The original puirchase made by Bishop Ba^'ley con- sisted of fort\'-eight acres, tn which he later added thirteen more acres, e.xtending the ])roperty to the site of the old railroad station. When the sisters t(.)ok possession of the property they set to work at once to imi)ro\'e the estate ; oftentimes they themselves did the work of building roadways, planting and harvesting the crops, and man\- of the senior sisters of the communit}' recall the da_\^s the\- spent in carr\-ing stones or in husking corn in the fields. Farm lands were soon adtled and \'aluable accessions were made from time to time, as the prudence and foresight of Mother Mai_v Xa\-ier saw that encroachments might be made by residents unless the sisters secured the adjoin- ing property. Whenever she made application for the desired permission to gocxl Bishop Ba}'le\-, he alwas's re|die(l with a touch of kindliness and humor, "Oil, yes, mother; buy up all the little patches about your place to keep the neighbors from looking in MOTHER SIARV X,A.-\-IER MEMEG.V.N'. ST- THE CATHOLIC CHURCH the convent windows." l"he bishop's wise advice was hterah)' foh lowed, with all the margin that the Mother's own shrewdness and business tact could command. In a short time the '' jjatches " of property grew to stretches of country about the con\'ent, and the energetic Mother Xavier ax'ailed herself of the permission so freely gi\'en, and added acre \\\>o\\ acre of noble forests and smiling glebe lands, which to-day are prominent features in the beautiful landscape. The first postulant re- ceived by the new community after its foundation was Miss Maiy Anne Dornin, of New- ark, known in religion as Sister Mary Teresa. Of the original members who formed the nucleus of the community proper, three of the number are still living, reaping the rewards of their long )-ears of toil in witnessing the progress and marx'ellous development of their comniLinity and its numerous works, both educational and chari- table. These three are the venerable foundress. Mother Mary Xavier, Sister Mar)- Mncent, and Sister Mary Joseph. Sister Mary Catharine Nevin, the faithful and helpful assistant to the venerable foundress, died on January 26th, 1903. She, too, had the hajipiness of seeing her commiurity, over which she watched for fifty long )'ears, prospering and extending more and more its sphere of usefulness. She presided for the greater part of the time as superior of St. Maiy's in Newark, an academy which she erected on the site of the first mother house and in \\hich she died. Sister Mary Cleophas passed to her reward on Ala)' 22d, 1903, having spent most of her lung life in religion among the orphans at South Orange, N. J. It appears from Bishop Ba)'le)''s Journal that in 1863 the mother house in New York determinetl to withdraw Mother Xavier from the Di(jcese of Newark. "October 20th, I wrote to M(jther Jerome, Mount St. \'incent's, in regard to the rejiort that tile)' intended to i-eca11 Mother Xa\'ier. I will make a fuss SISTER JIARY CATHARIXIC XEVIX. First AssLstant ilother. IN NEW JERSEY 593 if they do: to Mother Xavier about the same thing; — must stick to the ship." Fortunately for the Diocese of Newark these re- monstrances had the desired effect, for on December 3d, 1863, he wrote to Mother Xavier in answer to her letter " informing me that she had made up her mind to cast in her lot with the new community — and expressing my great satisfaction." The present excellence of St. Elizabeth's Academy and Col- lege is due in a large measure to the efforts and ability of Sister Mary Agnes O'Neill. Sister Mary Agnes was the daughter of Charles and Margaret O'Neill, and was born in Patersnn, N. J., August 15th, 1837, and was educated at Mount St. Vincent's on the Hudson. She was one of the first members of the young community. After one )'ear's probation she returned from Cin- cinnati, and, with Mother Mary Xavier, Sister Mar)' Catharine, and the other members, took up the work of the Sisters of Charity in New Jersey. Sister Mary Agnes was made the first directress of the newly founded St. Elizabeth's Academ}-. She held this position till the time of her death, November 9th, 1877. She was most energetic in furthering the educational interests of her community and in yn'o- moting the welfare of the schools under the charge of the sisters. She was also the pr(jmoter of St. Joseph's Academy for boys. She was the lifelong assistant of the venerable Mother Xavier, who found in Sister Mar)- Agnes a devoted and helpful aid in the many works under- taken by the growing com- munity. Always unselfish in her aims and purposes and devoted to the cause of edu- cation. Sister Mary Agnes was called by the sisters of her community "The Angel of Cheerfulness," and she was indeed a veritable ray of sunshine to all about her. To the young and struggling community she was a support in the hours of trial, and an encouragement when the triumph dawned 38 SISTEH JM.\KV .\(;xi;s o XEILL. 594 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH She resided during her entire religious life at the mother house in Madison, and besides the office of directress of the academy she filled at various times the post of treasurer of the community. She contracted a pulmonary disease, to which she succumbed November gth, 1877, mourned by a large circle of friends and pupils. It was her one ambition to see the new buildings begun, but it was not until three nmnths after her death that the li'round ST. MARY S ACADEMY, NEAVARK, N. was broken for the magnificent group of buildings which domi- nates the hills and valleys of historic Morris County m every direction. As )'ears passed on the community so wisely go\-erned by Mother Mary Xavier constantly increased in membership. Schools were opened in neaiiy every parish in the State, works of charity and zeal multiplied as rapidly as sisters coukl be found to take charge of them, and God's lilcssmg withal rested upon the labors of those who so generously sacrificed themselves for his work. With a largely increased communit)- the mother house was found too small to accommodate all, and plans were made for the erection of a new convent and academy at the top of the hill, which property had been gradually acquired by the community. IN NEW JERSEY 595 On March 2Sth, 1878, the first ground was broken for the new buildmgs, and in 1880 the sisters and pupils occupied their new home. The old mother house was then renovated for the use of the invalid sisters of the community, being renamed, in honor of the mother of Our Lady, St. Anne's Villa. In 1885 the south wing of the new academy was erected, but it was not until 1901 that the splendid group of buildings, consisting of a new convent wing to the west, a rectory, and a magnificent college build- ing, named by Bishop Wigger " Xavier Hall," in honor of the venerable foundress of the community, was completed. This building is devoted to the work of a college course for young ladies, and, as it was the first institution of the kind in the coun- try, it marked a new era in the history of Catholic education in the United States. The need of just such an institution in our day, when secular colleges take so many of our Catholic young women, is reason sufficient for the generous cooperation of all who are interested in the salvation of souls and the preservation of the faith among the rising generations. The marvellous growth of the community as witnessed at the mother house has been manifested also wherever the sisters have gone to labor, whether it be for the education of the young, the care of the sick, the orphan, or the foundling. Since the founda- tion of the community in 1859, many charitable institutions owe their rise and progress to the energy and zeal of the venerable Mother Xavier. During the Civil War, when the sick and the wounded were sent from the front, many soldiers were cared for in the old trunk factory, near the Centre Street depot, Newark, which had been converted into a temporary hospital. Pitying the distress of the poor soldiers and without any of the skill for nursing which pre- vails in our day, but with hearts overflowing with charity and com- passion, a number of sisters of the little community volunteered for this noble work and were constant day and night in their devo- tion to the sick. Apart from the many schools to which the sisters are assigned for parochial work, the following institutions have been founded by Mother Xavier: St. Joseph's Hospital, Paterson; the House of Divine Providence, a home for incurables, at Ridgewood, N. J.; St. Mary's Hospital, Passaic, N. J.; St. Vincent's Foundling Asy- lum, at Montclair, N. J. ; and the hospital of the Good Samaritan, Suffern, N. Y. Among the academies which have been founded by her as auxiliaries to the mother house, college, and academy at 596 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Convent Station, arc ; the Academy of the Sacred Heart, Hobo- ken, N. J.; St. Mary's Academy and St. Vincent's Academy and Commercial School, Newark; Seton Academy, Orange; St. Aloy.sius's Academy, Paterson; St. Aloysius's Academy and Com- mercial School, Jersey City; the Star of the Sea Academy, Long Branch; and St. John's Academy, Trenton. The order has rami- fications throughout the State of New Jersey and also in Massa- chusetts, Connecticut, and New York — the sisters teaching school in Boston, Salem, Newton, \Vaterbury, New Britain, and Suffern. The number of those who have entered the community from the first day is 1,126. Of these 1S8 have died. There are sixty- IIOLISE OF 1M\"IMC J'H.ll\'II)i:X( li, RIDIiEWDCll), N. J. 'rhe HiMiie for Incurable.^. three mission houses in New Jersey and nine in (.)ther States. The woi-k nf the little band of fift\-)-eai-s ago has been blessed be- }'ond their must sanguine expectations. "God alone" has been the watchword of the X'cnerable foun- dress, who takes no credit to herself fni- the growth and present prosperity of the communit)'. "God has dnne all, and He has done still more in permitting his insignificant little creature to work for Him," remarked good Mother Xavier, when once spoken to about the wonderful growth of her communit)-. To Gotl alone she refers all the honor and glor\' that He has permitted her sis- ters to glean in the harvest field of tlie Church. Mother Xavier is now in the se\'ent\--niiUh yvAv of her at;"c and IN NEW JERSEY 597 the fifty-seventh of her religious Ufe. She still conducts the work of her large community as accurately and as energetically as she did in the early sixties. Seton Hall College, South Orange, N. J. When the Rt. Rev. James Roosevelt Bayley, D.D., took pos- session of the newly erected See of Newark, he set his heart on Catholic education and planned to have a school attached to every church in his diocese. How earnest was he in this purpose may be seen in the letters written to the priests, who, responding to the wishes of their bishop, put forth every effort to open and support a Catholic school. In July, 1855, Bishop Bayley wrote to the Rev. J. D. Bowles, the pastor of Bordentown: I want to express my satisfaction at the account of the exami- nation of your school. Nothing is nearer to my heart than the establishment of good parochial schools. This must be done at any sacrifice, for in them is our only hope of making Catholicity take root here. I thank you for the encouragement you have given to my efforts by your example. In December of the same year he wrote to the Rev. John A. Kelly, South Amboy : " You must have a school, if all the ladies of South Amboy have to sell their jewelry and you your best coat." He determined likewise to provide an institution of high standing, which would afford superior advantages for the educa- tion of secular students, and at the same time open a theological department for the training of the future priests of the diocese under the eye of their bishop. Bishop Bayley was ably seconded in this venture by the Rev. Bernard J. McQuaid, then in the prime of his manhood. The purpose and plans having been determined, the next thing to be fixed upon was a suitable location for the proposed college. After carefully investigating the claims of different localities sug- gested, it was decided to purchase the Young Ladies' Academy at Madison, N. J., then under the direction of Madame Chegary, one of the famous educators of her day. The neat frame building was situated in a grove of willow trees some distance back from the highway, and at the time was thought to be commodious enough to meet the demands of the prospective college for some years to come. Alterations were rapidly pushed to completion, and on September ist, 1856, the college was formally opened. 598 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH The following five students answered to the first roll call, viz., Leo G. Thebaud, Louis Boisaubin, Alfred Boisaubin, of Madison N. J.; John Moore, of' New York City; and Peter Meehan, of Hoboken, N. J. Before the end of the month twenty additional names of students were registered. Bishop Bayley named the college " Seton Hall," in honor of his revered aunt. Mother Elizabeth Seton, the daughter of Dr. Richard Bayley, of New York City, who was the first professor of anatomy in Columbia College and the originator of the New York quarantine system. Bishop Bayley's connection with St. John's College, Fordham, his great executive ability, and superior knowledge of men, made him eminently fitted to be the founder of a seat of learning of high standing, such as he proposed to have in Seton Hall Col- lege. He succeeded in obtaining a charter which gives to the college all the privileges of a university and is as liberal in its pro- visions as any ever granted by the State of New Jersey. Bishop Bayley never better evinced his thorough knowledge of men than in his selection of Father McQuaid, who had been his able helper and adviser in the organization of Seton Hall, as first president. In fact, it may justly be said that the early suc- cess and establishment on a firm basis of the institution was due to the untiring energy and zealous devotion of Father McQuaid, who was in his time the life and soul of the college. At the close of the first year of this institution the number of pupils had increased from five to fifty-four. Of the termination of this initiatory year Bishop Bayley says in his diurnal : " We held the first commencement of Seton Hall College, if it may be called by so dignified a name, on June 25th, 1857; the weather was beautiful, and everything went off well." Rev. Alfred Young, who subsequently identified himself with the Paulist community, was first vice-president of the college. He joined the Paulist community in 1861, and attained a wide reputation as an author, a ready and caustic writer, and composer of sacred music. Prof. James Fagan, of Kansas, was first chief prefect. After successfully filling the office of president for one year, Father McQuaid was recalled to Newark to assume his old posi- tion as rector of the cathedral. On July 1st, 1857, Rev. Daniel J. Fisher succeeded Father McQuaid as president of Seton Hall. He was educated at St. John's College, Fordham, and was a student in the seminary there IN NF.W TERSEY 599 w y- 6oo THE CATHOLIC CHURCH while Bishop Bayley was president. In 1852 he went west to labor as a missionary among the Indians and scattered families of Catholics in' Minnesota. He worked faithfully and laboriously for several years in this missionary field, but the rigor of the cli- mate and constant exposure so impaired his health that his physi; cians advised him to return east. He affiliated himself with the Diocese of Newark on October 30th, 1855. Bishop Bayley thought highly of his attainments and paid the following tribute to his talents : " He was a beautiful English scholar, preached well, and read the Gospel better than almost any one I ever lis- tened to." Dr. Fisher served as an assistant to Rev. Father Cauvin, at Hoboken, until appointed rector of Seton Hall. He was president for two years, and had associated with him as \'ice- president the Very Rev. William McNulty, of Paterson, N. J. Prominent among the officers and instructors who were con- nected with Seton Hall while it was located at Madison may be mentioned : Rev. Lawrence Hoey, Rev. Father Cody, Rev. Father Brown, Rev. Father Gessner, and Rev. Father Gervais, Rev. Father Lovejoy, and Rev. Father Kehoe, Profs. Francis and Philip Ryan, Magui, Toland, and Brady, with Mr. T. J. Ryan, superintendent of the Newark Catholic institute, as instructor of calisthenics and gymnastics. After resigning the presidency of Seton Hall College, Father Fisher resumed his missionary work in Minnesota, but subsequently returned to New Jersey and served as assistant rector of St. Mary's Church, Hoboken, until his death, which he met, with entire resignation to the divine Will, April 28th, 1869, in the hospital of the Sisters of the Poor, Hoboken. The college at Madison had continued to grow and prosper, and already the original building was becoming too small to accommodate the demands of the growing institution. Father McQuaid began his second term as president July i6th, 1859, Bishop Bayley being unable to find any one who he thought could so acceptably fill the place and push to success the plans he had in view for enlarging the institution. Father McQuaid was also still retained as rector of the cathedral. On June 29th, 1859, the third annual commencement of Seton Hall was held. Dr. Orestes Augustus Brownson gave the closing address. This distinguished man of letters subsequently served for a number of years as a member of the board of trustees of Seton Hall and also lectured at the college on civil polity. Bishop Bayley and the board of trustees had for some time IN NEW JERSEY 6oi been contemplating the removal of the college to a site more ac- cessible to Newark, as Madison was found to be too far away from the cathedral for the convenience of a theological department of the institution; but it was not until i860 that a site was finally determined upon, and then only after a careful survey of every desirable location. The venture at this time was thought very hazardous, the country being in a chaotic and unsettled state pend- ing the outbreak of the Civil War. The college had already be- gun to draw on the South for many of its pupils, and no one could presage what would be the outcome of the next four years ; but " Hazard, zit forward " has ever been the watchword of Setonia, and success crowned the move. One bright day in the early spring of i860 Bishop Bayley and Father McQuaid were returning from a long drive over the Orange Hills from what had proved a fruitless search for a location for the new college; rather discouraged, they were driving slowly homeward over the South Orange and Newark turnpike, when Bishop Bayley's attention - was attracted to a large white marble villa surrounded by superb grounds and stately trees. He turned to Father McQuaid and said, " Do you think that property can be purchased .? " " I don't know, but we'll try," answered the young priest with assurance and ready promptness. For Father McQuaid to will was to accomplish, when he once set to work with a purpose in view, and despite several obstacles it was not long before the property was bought and the deed transferred to Bishop Bayley. Chief among the impediments that made it necessary to go slowly was the prejudice of the times, which made it difficult for Catholics, particularly churchmen in high authority, to obtain legal possession of real-estate. Mr. Michael McEntee, of Vailsburgh, N. J., a Catholic real-estate dealer, was therefore commissioned to make the purchase, and on April 2d, i860, the formal transfer of the deed was made to Bishop Bayley. The property consisted of a valuable tract of land covering sixty acres, on which were a farmhouse, stables, and the palatial residence already spoken of, which had been built at a cost of over ^40,000. This building had been erected by two brothers who lived for some years under the same roof. The entire estate was sacrificed for the sum of ^35,000, less than the marble villa had originally cost. This was naturally conceded to be a great bargain and a happy termination of the difficulties Bishop Bayley and Father McQuaid had met in determining upon a change of loca- tion for Seton Hall College. 6o2 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH No more healthful or inviting site could have been chosen, situated as the college buildings . are at South Orange, N. J., in full view of the Orange Mountains, on high rolling ground, one of the most elevated points between the Oranges and Newark, and surrounded with well-kept lawns and fine shade trees which afford charming fields for the pupils to enjoy recreation and practise athletic sports. The corner-stone of the new college building was laid on May iSth, i860, by Bishop Bayley, who addressed the assemblage of people. This building of brick was, in construction and architec- tural design, in accordance with the marble villa which was adapted for a seminary. Through the energy of Father McQuaid the new college was completed and ready for occupancy by the begin- ning of the scholastic year and was opened September loth, i860, with fifty pupils. On September 29th of this year Rev. Father Cody, who had been connected with Seton Hall since its foundation, sailed for Europe. At the seventh annual com- mencement he was awarded the honorary degree of Master of Arts. About twenty acres of the grounds were set apart for recrea- tion purposes, and the students provided with a gymnasium, ball alleys, basebalj and football fields. The remaining portion of the land was set apart for farming purposes, the products partly sup- plying the institution with milk and vegetables. Seton Hall grew in popularity after its removal to South Orange, and new names were constantly added to the roll-call, pupils coming from all parts of the country. The academic year then consisted of two sessions oifive months each, the scholastic year beginning the last Wednes- day in August and ending the last Wednesday in June ; a vacation of ten days was allowed at Christmas and two days in May. There was no Easter vacation. The officers and professors in 1 860 were : Rev. B. J. McQuAiD, President, Professor of Rhetoric. Rev. Januarius De Concilio, Chaplain and Professor of Logic and Metaphysics. James W. Fitzpatrick, Professor of Latin and Greek. James Fagan, A.M., Professor of Mathematics, Chemistry, and Natural Philosophy. Theodore Blume, A.M., Professor of Ancient and Modern Languages. George F. Klinkhardt, Assistant Professor of Languages. Leo G. Thebaud, Professor of French. IN NEW JERSEY 603 WiNAND WiGGER, A.B., Assistant Professor of Mathematics and English. F. H. CuYPERS, Professor of Drawing and Painting. William A. S. Schmidt, Professor of Music. T. J. Ryan, Instructor of Gymnastics and Calisthenics. James Donelan, P. G. Duffy, M. E. Kane, James Ward, Pierce McCarthy, Leonardo A. Giro, Prefects and Tutors. After Father De Concilio left the seminary, where he had been professor of theology. Rev. Henry A. Brann, D.D., who had been ordained in Rome on June 14th, 1862, was appointed vice- president of Seton Hall in September of the same year. He held this office for two years, when he was transferred to St. Mary's Church, Jersey City, in September, 1864. Dr. Brann was also professor in the seminary, where he taught dogmatic theology and mental philosophy. The Hon. John D. Kernan, of New York, was the most conspicuous pupil in the college during those two years. In the seminary, among others, were the Rev. Michael Kain, who died pastor of Red Bank ; Rev. Pierce McCarthy, who died pastor of East Orange; Rev. James F. Dalton, who died pastor of Bergen Point, now called Bayonne ; and the Rev. Charles Reilly, who died pastor of St. Columba's Church, Newark. A clever seminarian of those years was the Rev. James A. D'Arcy, who died young. He made a public defence in dogmatic theology, the first that had ever been made in the seminary, and sustained with distinction a number of theses against the Rev. Dr. McGlynn, the Rev. Dr. McSweeney, the Rev. Dr. Burtsell, and the Rev. Father De Concilio, later Monsignor, who all came by invitation to the college to object. Another seminarian of the time was the Rev. Sebastian Smith, D.D., who afterward became well known for his works on canon law. Rev. Sebastian Smith received the degrees of A.B. and A.M. from Seton Hall and was professor of metaphysics in the college. He evinced his affection for his alma mater by a remembrance in his will, whereby he left a sum of money to found a scholarship in Seton Hall. ■ Father McQuaid was a rigid disciplinarian, insisted on prompt- ness and exactness in every detail, laying particular stress upon students returning to the college on the day and hour appointed. 6o4 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH He was also the spirit of kindness and delighted in giving talks to the boys, and had a happy way of calling attention to faults without seeming to reprimand any individual severely, unless the occasion was one of grave importance, and then no one could be more severe than Father McQuaid. Always vigilant, no derelic- tion of duty ever escaped his keen eye, whether it occurred on playground, refectory, study hall, or chapel. At the time Seton Hall was removed to South Orange the house chapel was large enough to accommodate the students and the twenty-five Catholics of the vicinity who were granted the privilege of attending Mass at the college on Sundays. The memory of this chapel is hallowed by the fact that it was there Bishop Bayley performed his first function of ordination, which was also remarkable from the coincidence that one of the candi- dates, Winand M. Wigger, zvas later called to become Bisliop of Newark. The other candidate was Leo G. Thebaud, one of the first students of Seton Hall. Catholicity in South Orange was fostered by the presence of a Catholic seat of learning in the vicinity, and it was not long be- fore the congregation had grown to such a size that with the con- tinued increase in the number of pupils the house chapel was no longer large enough. It was accordingly decided to build a new church, which would meet the demands of students and parish for many years. The corner-stone of the present chapel was laid by Bishop Bayley on May 21st, 1863. The sermon of the day was preached by Father McQuaid; and Bishop, afterward Cardinal, McCloskey, honored the occasion by his presence. At the annual commencement, June 24th, 1863, a gold medal was given in the class of philosophy for the best essay on the sub- ject, "A Refutation of Nominalism and a Vindication of Real- ism." This was awarded ex aqnoto John D. Kernan and John V. Kerran. The honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on Jeremiah W. Cummings, D.D., of St. Stephen's Church, New York City. This distinguished clergyman had been a frequent visitor of Seton I-fall in the early days of the institution when it was located at Madison, and up to the time of his death he evinced the liveliest interest in the progress of the college. In. 1865 Dr. Henry A. Brann, of Jersey City, gave a gold medal in the class of philosophy for the best essay on the " Immortality of the Soul," which was awarded to W. T. Tiers, of Philadelphia. Besides building the chapel, in 1 863, a large stone building was erected IN NEW JERSEY 605 for an infirmary and also as a residence for the Sisters of Charity, who have cliarge of the infirmary and domestic affairs of the col- lege. This house is of rough brownstone, is shaped like the let- ter T, with a frontage of ninety feet, and is harmonious in design with the other edifices located on the grounds. It is three hun- dred and two feet from the college building, and in case of an out- break of a contagious disease a perfect quarantine may be effected. The interior is bright, home-like, and cheery, and students who are ill receive the most careful nursing at the hands of the good Sisters of Charity. We cannot pass away from the infirmary without mentioning Sister Josephus, who was infirmarian for over thirty years and grew old in the service of Seton I-iall. Her name will recall pleasant recollections to the old students, who will well remember her kindly ministrations to them during major or minor spells of illness. Sister Josephus was recalled to the mother house at Madison, the original home of Seton Hall, in August, 1893, for a well-earned rest after her long labors at the college. During the severe winter of 1894-95 there was sickness among the boys at St. Joseph's Preparatory School, conducted by the Sisters of Charity. The doctor, well knowing Sister Josephus's superior ability as a nurse, insisted that no one else could take care of two patients who were critically ill. The good sister will- ingly took charge of the case, but in her anxiety for the boys re- mained on watch over time, overtaxed her strength, caught cold, contracted pneumonia, and died in a few days. July 1 8th, 1864, Bishop Bayley wrote to the Rev. William McCloskey, the rector of the American College, Rome ; " You must send the Rev. Mr. Corrigan home. You need not mind sending Father Edward (Hopkins). Our finances are all going to the dogs, and the country with them — for a few years at any rate." Dr. M. A. Corrigan returned from Rome, September 5th, 1864, and was appointed by Bishop Bayley to succeed Dr. Brann as pro- fessor of dogmatic theology and sacred Scripture in the Ecclesias- tical Seminary of Seton Hall. During the trying days of the Civil War, when so many insti- tutions of learning were obliged to close their doors, at least pro tempore, Seton Hall not only held its own, but through the per- sistent energy and able management of Father McQuaid the num- ber of students so increased that in 1865 the college building had- to be enlarged to twice its original size. This building had hardly been completed before a cloud arose on the horizon. Near midnight, on Saturday, January 27th, 1866, when the 6o6 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH temperature was at the freezing point and sleet and snow lay on the ground, the college was roused by the cry, Fire ! Fire ! and in less than four hours all that was left of the once beautiful marble villa was a smoking mass of ruins. The fire originated in the third story of the seminary building. At first all efforts were bent toward saving the structure, but the flames spread rapidly to the roof, and it was soon evident that no means at hand could prevent the entire destruction of the building. Attention was then turned toward removing the furniture, books, and valuable papers. Priests, professors, and students set to work with a will, and through their bravery and activity some of the furniture and valuable books and papers were saved and the fire confined to the building in which it originated. Father McQuaid faced the exigencies of the fire bravely, but when it came to the point of breaking the news to the bishop his courage failed and he showed unusual temerity for one of his calibre, which was portrayed in his countenance. It was evident that this thought was in his mind : " How shall I ever break the news to the bishop ? The burning of the beautiful building will be a heavy blow to him. He may attribute it to some negligence on my part.'' Father Doane having learned of the fire early the next morning (Sunday), drove in a sleigh to the Passionist Mon- astery, at Hoboken, where Bishop Bay ley was making a visitation, and told him of the burning of the marble house at the college. Bishop Bayley and Father Doane then went to the college to view the ruins and to comfort Father McQuaid. The bishop perceiving Father McQuaid's anxiety, his first question, after hearing no lives were lost or injury received, was, "Father McQuaid, did they save my grandmother's blue arm- chair.'" When answered in the affirmative, he said, "That's good; we can build another college, but could not replace my grandmother's armchair." Reassured and encouraged by the bishop, Father McQuaid rose equal to the emergency and went to work with his accustomed energy. In a few days the following circular was issued : To tJie Patrons and Friends of Scion Hall : The ruins of the burnt building are being removed. Arrange- ments for rebuilding the new college are going on. I would be the most faint-hearted of men if I were to hesitate one moment in going on with my work. The general cry is, " Give us something larger, grander, more suitable for college pur- IN NEW JERSEY 607 poses." It is my intention, with God's blessing and your kind help, to do so. A little plain talk with regard to my financial means will not be out of place. The new building will cost ;^ 50,000. My insur- ance amounts to ^19,000; there are $4,000 worth of materials on hand. Bishop Bayley will order a general collection in all the churches of the diocese, which will amount to $10,000. The bal- ance I must find elsewhere. I can look only to those parents who appreciate the work Seton Hall is doing for their children ; to the personal friends of Bishop Bayley, who deeply sympathize with him in the heavy and unexpected burden that has been placed upon him by this calamity ; and to those friends that I have found in my labors in behalf of education, and who have felt kindly toward me for all that I have tried to do for the welfare of their children. I therefore look anxiously and earnestly for the assistance that the well-wishers of Seton Hall may be able to render in this try- ing moment. Whatever they may be able to give or obtain from their friends, be it much or little, will be most thankfully and gratefully received. I need not add that all our benefactors will be earnestly remembered in the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. B. J. McQuAiD. Seton Hall, February 2d, 1866. The response to this appeal was prompt and generous ; nearly $10,000 was subscribed. These generous donations were supplemented by an amateur concert that was given in aid of Seton Hall, at Delmonico's, Fifth Avenue, New York City, April 1 8th, 1 866, under the direc- tion of Ranieri Vilanova. The concert was suggested by Mrs. F. A. Brugui^re and Mrs. J. J. Barril, who were untiring in their efforts to make it a success. Mr. Delmonico kindly donated the use of his elegant rooms, and among the patrons appear names of the most distinguished and aristocratic Catholics in New York. The handsome sum of $2,000 was realized from the entertain- ment and handed over to Father McOuaid. The collections in the diocese exceeded the most sanguine expectations, and Father McQuaid was enabled to begin the erection of a new building larger and handsomer than had at first been contem- plated. Bishop Bayley was far more timorous than Father McQuaid when it came to drawing plans for the new Seminary of the Im- maculate Conception ; he feared to incur too heavy a responsibil- ity, while Father McQuaid felt, from the encouragement already received, that he was prepared to cope with the emergency and was ambitious to erect a building worthy of the institution ; but it was 6o8 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH only by innocent conniving with the architect that he was enabled to secure for Seton Hall the present handsome seminary edifice with a facade of 1 34 feet, with a depth of 50 feet, and complete in all its interior appointments. Seeing that Bishop Bayley was dis- posed to move slowly he took this means of effecting his purpose ; he first had the architect draw plans of what he proposed to make the centre of the building. Bishop Bayley naturally thought the height too great for the width. Father McQuaid agreed with him perfectly and took the plans to the architect for alteration. Little by little the plans were modified and enlarged to suit Father McQuaid's ambitious ideas until the drawing of the present struc- ture was approved and work on the handsome Gothic building of dressed brownstone was immediately begun. This edifice is three stories high and more than double the dimensions of the marble villa which was burned ; it contains fifty-four rooms finished in walnut and ash, with a flooring of Georgia pine, and is principally devoted to the use of seminarians. The erection of the seminary involved a large outlay in those days when materials were expen- sive and the price of labor high, but Father McQuaid was not to be daunted, the work was pushed forward, and early in 1867 the building was ready for occupancy. In July, 1866, the seminary lost one of its most earnest and steadfast friends in the Very Rev. Patrick Moran, V.G., who went to his eternal rest after a long and laborious life spent in the ser- vice of God. As the deeds of good men live after them, he left a testimonial by which his name was forever to be perpetuated at Seton Hall. Besides donating his valuable library to the semi- nary, he bequeathed the sum of ^6,000 as a permanent fund for the support of ecclesiastical students. This has since been known as the Moran Burse. His dying wish was that others might emu- late his example and a fund be provided whereby many students could be educated for the priesthood. Rev. Louis A. Schneider was admitted to the Diocese of New- ark in November, 1866. After serving for a time as rector of St. John's Church in that city he went to California, and soon after his return, in 1 867, was appointed professor of dogmatic and moral theology in the Seminary of the Immaculate Conception. He served in this capacity for three years, until he was named rector of St. Nicholas's Church in Passaic. Father Schneider was be- loved by the seminarians. He had a genial, happy disposition, and, while exacting in recitations, he often enlivened the class- room with appropriate stories. His knowledge of theology was IN NEW JERSEY 609 most profound. On August 15th, 1884, his busy and useful life v/as brought to a close. On May 19th, 1868, Rev. M. A. Madden, a member of the original board of trustees and one of the earliest friends and bene- factors of Setonia, died suddenly. Hardly had the new seminary building been occupied when he who had labored so long and well, who had done all the hard work from the outset — in laying the foundation of the Seton Hal] of to- day, and to whose energy, toil, and tact the institution owed its life and strength — the first president, Rev. B. J. McQuaid, was called in 1868 to leave the quiet shades of Setonia and go forth to labor in another vineyard, the newly erected See of Rochester, N. Y. He was consecrated first Bishop of Rochester on July 12th, 1868; there he found ample field for his talents as an organizer and worker. Dr. M. A. Corrigan, who was vice-president, was appointed by Bishop Bayley to succeed Bishop McQuaid as president of Seton Hall College. Father Corrigan was hardly twenty-eight years of age when he was placed in the important position of president of one of the foremost Catholic institutions in this country. On October 8th, 1 868, Father Corrigan was further honored by Bishop Bayley in being named Vicar-General of the Diocese of Newark. He expended the first year ^5,000 in the construction of roads and walks, improving the drainage, and extending the gas and steam apparatus. During his term of office he also made many repairs, purchased sacred vestments, refitted class-rooms, and finished cer- tain portions of the college theretofore incomplete. About this time Bishop Bayley donated to the college library two hundred volumes of books and a valuable collection of coins. Monsignor George H. Doane, who succeeded Bishop McQuaid as rector of the cathedral, was on June 24th, 1868, elected a member of the board of trustees of Seton Hall. During his term of office Dr. Corrigan had associated with him as vice-president at different times Rev. William R. Callen, Rev. Pierce McCarthy, and his brother, the late Rev. James H. Corrigan. On June 20th, 1870, Mr. Philip Corrigan and his brother. Dr. Joseph Corrigan, founded a burse for the seminary, which is known as the Corrigan Burse. The Rev. Dr. Corrigan was very popular with the students ; no detail in the management of the college escaped his attention, and his cultivated taste was every- where apparent in and about Seton Hall, During the absence of Bishop Bayley at the Vatican Council of 1870 Dr. Corrigan occu- 39 6io THE CATHOLIC CHURCH pied the office of administrator. He dedicated the college chapel on February 6th, 1870, Monsignor Doane delivering the sermon and Monsignor Seton celebrating the Solemn Mass on that occa- sion. On June 3d, 1871, Rev. William P. Salt, who subsequently be- came so thoroughly identified with Seton Hall, and who, from the time he entered the institution, was revered and loved by all who knew him, was ordained a priest in the college chapel by Bishop Bayley. Father Salt's history reads more like a romance than a page from real life. William Salt was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., September 19th, 1837, the eldest of nine children. In 1847 his parents removed to Bath, a small village in western New York, where he received his primary education. At an early age he was taken from school and placed in his father's shop to learn the trade of a carpenter. It was a hard trial to the lad, who had an insatiable thirst for knowledge, to be deprived of the advantages of school, and he therefore spent his evenings and every leisure moment reading and studying. In this way he completed the usual academic course and also became acquainted with several modern languages, which he studied under a private tutor. Of these years he wrote later when encouraging others to persevere in the face of difficulties : " A great deal of what little I know was gained after a hard day's work, when tired Nature would soon compel me to lay aside the extra task I was imposing on her and go to bed wondering if I ever would learn anything." After reaching his majority he began to read law in the office of Judge Rumsey, of Bath ; supporting himself by doing odd jobs at his trade and during the winter teaching a country school. His parents were Baptists, but Mr. Salt was not attracted by that form of worship, and in 1859 joined the Protestant Episcopal Church. About this time he became dissatisfied with the profession of law, and, at the advice of friends, decided to enter the ministry. He received an offer in i860, which then seemed a favorable oppor- tunity, to teach in a parish school and at the same time have lei- sure to study. He started on his long journey, full of hope for the future, for Van Buren, Ark., where the school was located. He was rewarded by being appointed a reader by Bishop Lay in the spring of 1861, and while conducting the bishop's school in Fort Smith also pursued his studies for the ministry. At the outbreak of the Civil War, before he could procure means to return north, the closing of the lines shut him within IN NEW lERSKY 6ii the Confederacy and his school was broken up. By the advice of the bishop, in the fall of 1861 he entered the Theological Semi- nary at Camden, S, C. A year afterward he wrote that "the perils of the pestilence and sword were making him prematurely gray." Later, with other students of the seminar)', he was drafted into the Confederate army, where he served for nearly three years in the Marion Artil- lery, stationed as a defence for Charleston, being the greater part of the time on John's Island. In Mr. Salt's comiian)- there were three other theological students, whoatlded to their regular duties those of volunteer chaplain, attending to the sick and dying in camp and field. During this time he contin- ued his studies, making pro- gress slowly but surely, and whenever opportunity offered he sent a letter home, but it was near the close of the war before a letter reached him. Failing at Charleston to pro- cure the transportation north for which he had applied, or to recei\'e the neces.sary funds for the journe)' which had been sent him from home, he and a friend, a German soldier, resolved to make the journe)' on foot. Unused to forced marches, they soon became footsore, and his companion being quite disabled, Mr. Salt made efforts to procure work at different plantations in order that his friend's feet might become healed and they could pursue their journey. They were unsuc- cessful, ho\ve\'er, until they met with a German farmer, who, ])leased with their ability to speak his nati\e tongue, took them in and ga\'e them employment. He at first doubted their abilities for the harvest field, but at the end of a week's stay offered them special inducements to remain. Mr. Salt, howe\'er, declined, as his companion was able to travel ; they resumed their tramp and pursued their way to the nearest railway station. On the 4th of July, 1865, he was at Hilton Head, "a waif of the war thrown upon a sand)- beach, with the past a REV. \VILLI.A:\r p. SALT. Fifth Vicar-General and Rector o£ Seton Hall Seminary. 6i2 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH pain and the future a blank," From this place they were trans- ported to New York. Upon arriving at Bath he found the old homestead sold and his father struggling to support a large family. He began at once to work for his father at his trade, but offered himself a candidate for orders and resumed his studies. He soon accepted a place to teach in the academy at Bath and renounced finally the carpenter's bench, but never failed to praise the advantages offered by a trade, and always declared that " the saw and the hammer had done him good service." Late in the following winter, 1865, he was or- dained a deacon by Bishop Coxe and in the spring assigned to the churches at Sodus Point, where he remained for some time, com- mended for "faithfulness, zeal, and usefulness." Arrangements had been made for him to pursue his studies at Geneva, N. Y., and take temporary charge of Grace Church, but he had for some time doubted the tenets of the Episcopal Church and he entered into an investigation. "When convinced of the authority of the Catholic Church to teach," he said, "then all doubt vanished; my duty was clearly defined." He left Geneva for New York City, where on October 12th, 1867, he was baptized by Rt. Rev. Mon- signor Preston at St. Ann's Church. That this step was not a hasty one is shown by letters written the year previous and by remembered conversations with friends to whom he had expressed his doubts and perplexities. When confronted with the fact that from his mother he inherited the blood of Welsh Dissenter and French Huguenot and from his father that of English Quaker, Scotch-Irish Presbyterian, and Holland Puritan, as an argument against his sanity because he became " one of the despised papists," he simply replied, " Go back far enough and you will find that my ancestors were all Catholics." Very soon after his baptism Mr. Salt entered the seminary at Seton Hall. While expressing his sorrow at crossing his father's wishes in studying for the priest- hood, he wrote home : " I should not be content anywhere else. I feel that the past has produced no fruit, and it is time for my life-work to begin." After a brief course of study of philosophy at Seton Hall, Mr. Salt was sent by Bishop Bayley to the American College at Rome to make his theological studies. He was in the Eternal City dur- ing the turbulent times when Garibaldi attacked the city and despoiled the Church of its temporal power and imprisoned the aged Pontiff, Pius IX. Mr. Salt on this occasion displayed the fire that was in his nature by proposing to \'olunteer in the Papal IN NEW JERSEY 613 Zouaves. In after years he must have had that experience in mind when he wrote the following in a sermon on the virtue of hope: On one of the plains of Italy lies a young soldier, with his life- blood slowly ebbing away, while the only sound which comes to his ears above the roar of the battle is the bugle sounding a retreat to his comrades. That morning he had gone out to battle with a conscience free from sin, and with his life, his all, offered to God and his Church in defence of Christ's Vicar on earth, and now though that sound, the most painful to the soldier, is ringing in his ears — the call to retreat — yet a light of joy is in his counte- nance, for his last sigh is an act of contrition and he knows that he is going home to his reward. Mr. Salt's health failed him in Rome and he was obliged to return to America before completing his theological studies. He returned to Seton Hall, continued his course, and was ordained a priest June 3d, 1871. Soon after ordination he was appointed professor of logic at Seton Hall. He afterward filled various chairs, including eccle- siastical history, political economy, civil polity. Christian evidences, mathematics, physics, and chemistry. He was director of the seminary and treasurer for many years during the presidency of Dr. Corrigan and Rev. J. H. Corrigan, and was made Vicar-Gen- eral of the Diocese of Newark by Bishop Wigger. On account of failing health, in September, 1881, he resigned the office of treasurer, and the Rev. William F. Marshall was appointed his successor. Father Salt continued to teach and direct the affairs of the seminary until within two years of his death, which occurred on October 7th, 1891. He received the holy viaticum at Mass that morning from the hand of Rev. Dennis McCartie, in the private chapel, and came down to the dining-room for breakfast. When seated at the table he gave signs of suffering, and begging the rev. father to excuse him, he left, and while walking along the corridor on the second floor was seized with a hemorrhage of the lungs and was falling to the floor from weakness when the Rev. John J. O'Connor saw him and hastened to his assistance. Father O'Connor quickly perceived that Father Salt was dying and ad- ministered to him the Sacrament of Extreme Unction. In a few moments the holy man expired. He was buried from Seton' Hall Chapel and the ceremonies were most impressive. 6i4 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH His aged father and mother were present, and a few other members of his family, and about seventy priests of the dioceses of Newark and Trenton. The Mass was celebrated by the Rev. J.J. O'Connor, the ser- mon preached by Monsignor Doane, and Bishop Wigger pro- nounced the absolution. He bequeathed to Seton Hall his large and well-selected library. Father Salt's remains were laid at rest, as he had requested, in the Cemetery of the Holy Sepulchre in Newark. The grave is surmounted by a neat marble monument which was erected by Bishop Wigger. The perfume of Father Salt's memory is as sweet and fresh to-day as it was on the day he passed over the bridgeless river to the longed-for valley of rest. The recollection of his gentle life is as grateful as the breath of a melody, as wholesome as the hand of benediction. Father Salt's memory would live, though he had prayed that it might die. It is enshrined in many hearts, and shall be reverently cherished until those hearts are pulseless and still To know him was to love him, and remembrance is the flower of love— a flower that blossoms with perennial bloom. He was a mirror of true manhood and a model for imitation. His was a pure life, a pattern and exemplar for the army of sol- diers he trained for God's sanctuary in the seminary he graced and elevated by his guidance. If silence is greatness, as Carlyle thinks it is, on this count also was he a great man. As a teacher he was careful, exact, conscientious, practical. He had a strong logical turn, a power of keen analysis, and great faculty for condensation. Superfluous issues he avoided with in- fallible instinct; he struck straight at the heart of the subject, and never wearied his pupils with irrelevant discussions. He inspired a certain fear, but it was reverential, and was tempered with respect and confidence. His learning was solid and accurate and varied, but he did not parade it. A certain bishop once remarked, " I lived several years in the house with him before I knew he was acquainted with my native tongue." His pupils loved him and bore frequent tes- timony of their affection. The Rev. Sebastian Gebhard Messmer came to Seton Hall, November 17th, 1871, from the Jesuit College at Innsbruck to fill the chair of Scripture and canon law. To the old graduates of IN NEW JERSEY 615 Seton Hall no name brings up happier recollections than that of Sebastian Gebhard Messmer. Eighteen years of his busy life found a sphere of usefulness in and about the college. A thor- ough scholar and an humble man, he was equally at home in the lecture hall of the seminary or on the lawn of St. Mary's Orphan Asylum near by, where he was almost a daily visitor, and, if his disciples were delighted to be under the guidance of such a mas- ter, the orphans were no less enthusiastic over the good priest who found his joy in whatever might add to theirs. Father Messmer during his long residence filled at different times the chairs of sacred Scripture, canon law, and dogmatic and moral theology. He succeeded Father Schandel as chaplain of St. Mary's Orphan Asylum and continued his good offices there until 1 885, when he was placed in charge of St. Peter's Church, Newark. He had previously been rector of St. Leo's Church, Irvington; and from February, 1889, until August of the same year he was rector of St. Venantius's Church, Orange, when he was called to become professor of canon law in the Catholic University at Washington. After receiving the appointment of professor of canon law in the Catholic University at Washington, Dr. Messmer left Seton Hall, August 7th, 1889, and sailed for Europe. Eight months of his absence were spent in Rome, perfecting his already thorough knowledge of canon law. During this time he had the pleasure of hearing Professor Giustini at the Apollinari College lecture on Roman civil (Justinian) law. In June, 1890, he received the de- gree of Doctor of Canon Law, and in September of the same year began his lectures at the Catholic University. He here showed himself to be not only thoroughly familiar with canon law, but also to have a perfect knowledge of the civil law of the United States, and to possess a comprehensive understanding of the pecu- liar circumstances which environ the Catholic Church in America. On December 14th, 1891, Dr. Messmer was appointed Bishop of Green Bay, Wis., to succeed Bishop Katzer, who had been made Archbishop of Milwaukee, and in the fall of 1903 was pro- moted by his Holiness, Pius X., Archbishop of Milwaukee. Bishop Bayley, on September 2d, 1872, received the apostolic letters appointing him Archbishop of Baltimore. Six weeks later, October 13th, 1872, he was installed in the Baltimore Cathedral. Dr. M. A. Corrigan, President of Seton Hall, was made adminis- trator of the Diocese of Newark pending the appointment of a new bishop. 6i6 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Dr. Corrigan, on February nth, 1873, received a telegram an- nouncing that he had been appointed, by Pope Pius IX., Bishop of Newark. There was joy at Seton Hall over the honor done their president, but it was not unmingled with sorrow at the thought of parting with one who had always held a warm place in the hearts of the students and had gained well-deserved popu- larity in both college and seminary while filling the various offices of professor, vice-president, and president. During his last illness it was the one pleasure Archbishop Bayley enjoyed to drive out to Seton Hall. His last visits were made September 25th and 26th, 1877, accompanied by Archbishop Corrigan. It was on one of these drives that Archbishop Ba)ley, looking back on the past, told the Bishop of Newark of his desire after his conversion to become a Jesuit, and before his consecra- tion to become a Redemptorist, but that on both occasions his director had dissuaded him from taking this step, insisting that he could do more good in the world. On May 6th, 1877, at Seton Hall Seminary was witnessed the ordination of Mr. W. N. Hoyt, formerly an Episcopal clergyman, then sixty-five years of age, stationed in Burlington, Vt., who be- came a Catholic about 1852. On the death of his wife in the early seventies he applied to Cardinal McCloskey for permission to study for the priesthood, and, being of the very best character, the cardi- nal favored the idea and requested Bishop Corrigan to admit Mr. Hoyt to Seton Hall. He studied there for two years, performing all the exercises of the seminary with, the most exemplary regular- ity, joining the youngest students in their walks, conversation, etc. Of his eleven children two are religious and all are converts. Father Hoyt after his ordination was assigned assistant to Father Donnelly, St. Michael's Church, New York, and appointed super- intendent of the immense parish schools. In 1884 Archbishop Corrigan was summoned to Rome and represented the New York Archdiocese in the Ecumenical Council called by the Holy Father Leo XIII. The death of Cardinal McCloskey, on October loth, 1885, made Archbishop Corrigan Metropolitan of the Archdiocese of New York ; he was the young- est archbishop as he had been the youngest bishop in the Catholic hierarchy of America, and primate of a see which, in point of im- portance and size, outranks any other in the United States. Archbishop Corrigan's successor in the See of Newark was the Rev. Winand M Wigger, D.D., pastor of St. Vincent's Church, Madison, N. J. IN NEW JERSEY 617 At the seventeenth annual commencement of Seton Hall the degree of Master of Arts, Honoris Causa, was conferred on Rev. W. P. Salt. Among the graduates of that year are two names that have since become prominent in the history of the Catholic Church of New Jersey — those of James Augustine McFaul, the Bishop of Trenton, N. J., and John Joseph O'Connor, the honor man of the class of 1873, who, September, 1892, succeeded Father Salt as Vicar-General of the Diocese of Newark, and who at differ- ent times filled the chairs of metaphysics, and dogmatic and moral theology in his alma mater, and is now fourth Bishop of Newark. After graduating in 1 873 he went abroad, where he pursued his studies at Rome, in the American College, for three years, and in Lou vain, Belgium, one year, where, December 22d, 1877, he was ordained a priest. After his return to America, Father O'Connor was appointed professor in Seton Hall. In October, 1892, he was appointed rector of the seminary. June 19th, 1876, Bishop Corrigan resigned the office of presi- dent, and the trustees elected his brother, Rev. James H. Corri- gan, who had been a professor in the institution and director of the seminary since 1868, and was made vice-president in 1872, when Dr. M. A. Corrigan succeeded Bishop McQuaid as president. James H. Corrigan was born in Newark, N. J., June 29th, 1844, the son of Thomas and Mary English Corrigan, natives of Leinster, Ireland. His father determined to give his sons a liberal education, a decision which was doubtless prompted and without doubt fostered by his mother, who was a woman of fine intellect and rare energy and strength of character. Upon com- pleting his preparatory course, he was sent to Mount St. Mary's College, Emmettsburg, afterward going to the American College at Rome, where he made his theological studies; returning to America, he was ordained at Seton Hall College, October 20th, 1867. He celebrated his first Mass at St. John's Church, New- ark, where he and his brothers had been baptized. About 1879 Father James Corrigan began to take steps to organize an alumni association for Seton Hall. His efforts met with a success that was both flattering and encouraging, and no higher testimonial could have been paid to the college than the responses that came from numerous clergymen, lawyers, physi- cians, and merchants, all of whom had proved themselves worthy sons of their alma mater. After the Alumni Association had been established on a solid 6i8 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH basis, it was Father Corrigan who proposed to them tne erection of Alumni Hall, and to his untiring efforts must be accorded the success of the enterprise that inspired the old graduates to unite and present to the college a building worthy of the alumni and worthy of the institution and the other edifices that grace the beautiful grounds of Setonia. It was several years before Father Corrigan could mature his plans, and the corner-stone was not laid until October 2Sth, 1883. Many of the old graduates and their friends were present. Alumni Hall is built of undressed stone, presenting a solid but not ungraceful aspect. It is 70 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 60 feet from the ground to the ridge of the roof. On the lower floor are two billiard parlors, one for the younger and one for the older col- legians, a reading-room and a library, and a recreation-room for the theological students. In the vestibule are two staircases lead- ing to the floor above, which furnishes a spacious hall provided with a stage for literary and musical entertainments. The hall is also designed to serve for the general meetings of the Setonian Alumni Association, for an indoor gymnasium, and for cadet drills. At the commencement, June i6th, 1880, the degree of D.D. was conferred on the Very Rev. Thomas S. Preston, V.G., of New York City, and the degree of LL.D. on Frederick R. Coudert. The Rev. William F Marshall was appointed treasurer of the college, September, 1881, the Rev. William P. Salt retiring on account of ill health Gen. Ellakim Parker Scammon, who died in New York City, was for a number of years professor of mathematics at Seton Hall. His name will recall many pleasant recollections to those who were here in his time and were associated with him either as professors or as students. He was born December 27th, 1816, at Whitefield, Me., graduating from West Poin'; in 1837, fifth in a class of fifty-two, and was afterward appointed tutor of mathe- matics in that institution, having as his pupils Generals Grant, Rosecrans, and Newton, and was a room-mate of General Bragg. He took an active part in the Seminole War and served on astro- nomical work at Oswego, in 1840, and also in the States of Iowa, Nebraska, Minnesota, and Dakota. In 1846-47 he was aide to General Scott in the Mexican War, and was recommended for promotion at the battle of Vera Cruz. He had the happiness of making his first communion, August gth, 1846, in St. Peter's Church, New York. From 1847 to 1854 he was engaged in a survey of the upper Lakes, and in 1856 resigned from the army IN NEW JERSEY 619 and for a time lived in Virginia. He subsequently became pro- fessor of mathematics at St. Mary's College, Cincinnati, Ohio, and later director and professor of the Polytechnic College of that city. In 187s he accepted the chair of mathematics in Seton Hall, which he held until 1882. He led an active life until 1893, when he was stricken with the fatal disease which caused his death, December 7th, 1894. On March 9th, 1 886, while the students and professors were all assembled at dinner, the college was again aroused by the dreaded cry of " Fire, fire ! " This time the flames were seen issuing from the college building, the fire, as was afterward dis- covered, having originated in one of the dormitories on the third floor. The fire was discovered by Henry Feindt, the college shoe- maker. All hands at once set to work to extinguish the flames, but very little was saved and the building was almost a total loss. Rev. James Corrigan sent out a circular, as Bishop McQuaid had done on a previous occasion. It reads as follows: Seton Hall College, South Orange, N. J., March 23d, 1886. After the generous response to the soliciting of subscriptions for the erection of our Alumni Hall, it would seem a trespass on the goodness of friends to ask for new aid for our institution, but owing to the fire which on March 9th destroyed the college brick structure from roof to foundation, I have been urged to have recourse again to well-wishers of Seton Hall. Happily the buildings left uninjured are sufficiently extensive to afford temporary accommodations for the collegiate as well as the theological department, and studies were resumed last week for the seminarians and will be resumed this week for the col- legians. Our loss by the late fire was 1^35,000. This was partially covered by an insurance — ^14,000 on the burned building and ^4,000 on the furniture. Already some have either given or promised help. The list begins with $1,000 from each of two friends; then follow contribu- tions down to $^0. The aid thus volunteered is most encouraging to start with, and strengthens the assurance that an appeal now will not go un- answered. I look, therefore, with great confidence for assistance from the friends of our institution and from my own personal friends. The sooner the aid comes the better it will be. It is needless to say that many Masses and earnest prayers will be offered for our benefactors. With hopefulness in your kindly generosity, I am, sincerely yours, James H. Corrigan, President. 620 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH The Alumni Hall did good service in this emergency ; the spa- cious upper floor was converted into a study hall, while the lower floors were utilized for sleeping apartments. Students who could not be accommodated in this building were made comfortable in the seminary, where all took their meals. At a meeting of the board of trustees it was decided to rebuild the college as soon as possible, and Rev. William F. Marshall, vice-president and treasurer, was appointed by Bishop Wigger to adjust the insurance and superintend the erection of the new structure. Phoenix-like, Seton Hall again arose from the ashes, and by January, 1887, the class-rooms were ready for occupancy, but the dormitories were not used until the following May. On account of poor health, in 1888, Rev. James H. Corrigan resigned the presidency of Seton Hall and went abroad. He was but little improved when he returned, and Bishop Wigger ap- pointed him rector of St. Mary's Church, Elizabeth, N. J., the congregation being one of the most important in the diocese. Father Corrigan had been rector of this church barely two years when, on November 27th, 1891, he died of heart disease. The memory of " Father James " will long be cherished by the old alumni of the college and seminary. He was always the gentleman, courteous and condescending to the youngest as well as to the oldest scholar. Ever watchful of their intellectual advancement, he was equally vigilant with regard to their phys- ical well-being, and deeply and sincerely sympathetic with them in the many trials incidental to college training. It was always an effort for him to appear stern, and the suppressed merriment was easily transparent through the frown which clouded his brow. And after the glories of commencement or ordination day none was more sincere or more hearty in his congratulations than he. This same kind and solicitous spirit accompanied him when he exercised but too briefly the active ministry in St. Mary's, Eliza- beth. William Francis Marshall was born at Millville, Cumberland County, N. J., January 29th, 1849, the son of John and Elizabeth Marshall. The continued ill health of Father Marshall obliged him to ten- der his resignation to the board of trustees. He was succeeded in the presidency of Seton Hall by the Rev. Dr. Synnott. Joseph Joachim Synnott was born in the village of Great Neck, Long Island, N. Y., February 6th, 1863; and, while he was of a tender age, his parents moved to Montclair, N. J. He made his first IN NEW JERSEY 621 studies in the local parish school, and afterward in the Montclair High School. He then entered St. Francis Xavier's College, and was graduated from that institution in June, 1882. He entered the University of Innspruck, Tyrol, where he was ordained July 26th, 1886. He remained in the university more than two )'ears after his ordination, and was made a doctor of theology in the fall of 1888. He returned to America in December, 1888, and in the beginning .of 1889 he was appointed assistant to St. John's Church, Paterson. In September of the same year he was transferred to the diocesan seminary, Seton Hall, as professor of Scripture and Hebrew, and subsequently of moral theology and canon law. October 31st, 1895, when Father O'Connor, the rec- tor of the seminary, was transferred to St. Joseph's Church, Newark, Dr. Synnott was named his successor by Bishop Wigger. He was elected president by the board of trustees of Seton Hall June i6th, 1897. To a rarely gifted mind were superadded extra- ordinary industry, a charming grace of manner, extreme modesty, and a character firm as it was gentle. He was eminently fitted for his position, and it is certain, if God had spared his life, that far higher honors and graver responsibilities awaited him. But his too brief career was cut short by his untimely death, March 1 6th, 1899. His loss to the college and to the diocese was irreparable. He had theories and aspirations with regard to the diocesan seminary which he had both the ability and courage to carry through to success and which would have redounded to the well-being of the diocese at large. But Providence ruled other- wise. The Rev. John A. Stafford, after the death of Dr. Synnott, was appointed president. Father Stafford was born in Pater- son, N. J., March 13th, 1857, and received his early training in St. John's parish school. His classical studies, commenced in St. Vincent's, Pennsylvania, were completed at Seton Hall. His theological studies were made in the American College, Rome, where he was ordained April 8th, 1 888, by Cardinal Parocchi. On his return Father Stafford served as assistant in St. Mary's, Plain- field, and St. Mary's, Jersey City ; and, for a short time, locum tenens at South Orange. In September, 1 893, he was made vice- president of Seton Hall, a position he held until his appointment to the rectorship of St. Augustine's, Union Hill. May loth, 1899, he was elected president of Seton Hall; and in March, 1903, he was named domestic prelate by our late Holy Father, Leo XIII., y^/. nicin. Under Monsignor Stafford's administration Seton Hall is fol- 622 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH lowing out its traditionary policy, and, despite the attractions of the larger colleges, it finds patrons who realize that numbers can- not count for everything in the training of youth, and that in a smaller college, where not only the intellect is trained, but, more than all, the soul is safeguarded by the upbuilding of an ethical standard grounded on religion, is found after all the ideal for Catholic parents. In the forty-eight years of its existence Seton Hall has shel- tered almost four thousand pupils, and of these nearly four hun- dred were graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. The alumni are found in every walk of life, filling honorable positions in the different professions, and many of them ranking high in civil and priestly life. Alma Mater has no reason to blush for her children, who, likewise, are not ashamed of their mother. Since its opening Seton Hall has conferred twenty-five honorary degrees. In the seminary there have been four hundred and ten semina- rists, and of this number two hundred and thirty were ordained to holy priesthood, in which most of them still labor with zeal and devotion to the cause of religion and education. Three of them have been honored with the episcopal dignity. These figures at once attest the wisdom and foresight of the founders of Seton Hall, and form the glorious aureola around their names and memory. Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis. Mother Frances Schervier, born in the imperial city of Aix-la-Chapelle, January 3d, 1816, was the foundress of the con- gregation of the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis. From her tenderest years her sympathies were with the poor, and nothing pleased her more than to serve and assist them. On the Feast of Pentecost, 1845, a little band of five devoted women consecrated themselves to the service of the sick, the incurables, and the poor, and inaugurated a work which has been fraught with blessings to thousands and thousands in every quarter of Christendom. In 1858 Mrs. Sarah Peters, a resident of Cincinnati and a re- cent convert to the faith, visited Rome, where she submitted to Pius IX. a plan of introducing German sisters for the sick poor of German nationality, and Irish sisters for the Irish poor, into the United States. The Holy Father blessed and approved her pro- ject, and advised her to apply to some Austrian bishop for the German sisters. After failing in her endeavors in the Austrian capital, she was successful through the kind offices of Cardinal IN NEW JERSEY 623 von Geissel, the Archbishop of Cologne. On the loth of August, 1858, five sisters and a postulant, with Sister Augustine as their superioress, set out for their new home in distant America. They arrived in New York September 8th, and continued their journey without delay to Cincinnati. In the following year they were joined by three other sisters from the mother house, and thus the beneficent worlt, which in its ministration was to recognize neither sex, color, nationality, nor condition, was launched on its mission of peace and charity. In 1864 hospitals were opened by them in Hoboken and Jersey City, St. Mary's and St. Francis's, and in 1867 St. Michael's Hospital in Newark opened wide its doors, which from that day to this have never been shut against misery and poverty, against the abandoned and the afflicted. The good that has been accomplished for the souls and bodies of the thousands which have thronged the wards of these institu- tions, the poverty relieved at their doors, the words of cheer and comfort whispered into the ears of the disconsolate and the dis- heartened, will never be known in this world. They are registered in the Book of Life. From very humble beginnings the three in- stitutions in the diocese of Newark have grown to their present stately proportions. Sisters of Mercy, Bordentown, N. J. The mother house of the Sisters of Mercy, in Bordentown, was founded in September, 1873. The new home, which was built in September, 1886, was solemnly blessed by the Rt. Rev. Bishop O'Farrell, assisted by the pastor, Rev. P. F. Connolly. Connected with the mother house is St. Joseph's Academy, which holds conspicuous rank among the educational institutions in the State of New Jersey. It is under the direct supervision of the Rt. Rev. J. A. McFaul, Bishop of Trenton, The sisters belonging to this community are engaged as teachers in eighteen parishes throughout the Diocese of Trenton. They also conduct homes for working-girls in Plainfield and Phillipsburg. Sisters of St. Dominic, Jersey City. The Sisters of St. Dominic came to Jersey City at the request of the Rev. D. Kraus in 1872; at this time five sisters came from 624 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH the mother house in New York and took charge of the parochial school, which was then in the lower church, The work of the sisters in this humble capacity prospered so well that the small frame building which had hitherto served them became too small, and it was found necessary to erect a larger house. The present site of property was purchased, and in the month of May, 1 878, the corner-stone was laid, and on the 17th of November the same year the new convent was dedicated. The sisters then opened an academy, in which a number of pupils have received an advanced education and have been prepared to face the battle of life. In the year 1881, through the influence of the Rev. D. Kraus, the Rt. Rev. W. M. Wigger, D.D., then bishop of the diocese, severed connection between the convent here and the mother house in New York, making this convent a separate mother house. The title " The Community of the Sisters of St. Dominic of Jer- sey City " was then adopted as the legal title, and Mother Mary Catherine became prioress of the little community. In May, 1884, the sisters opened a house at Caldwell, N. J., for the recuperation of the sisters, whose health had been impaired by the strenuous labors of the school-room. This house has since developed into a very flourishing academy and boarding-school. Various other missions were opened, and the sisters have charge of a number of schools. In the year 1894, on account of the ill health of Mother Mary Catherine, Mother Mary Mechtilde was appointed prioress of the community, and has had a successful regime, having opened a number of new houses, so that at the present time the sisters teach in the dioceses of Newark, Cleveland, and Boston. Connected with the academy is a fine commercial class, and the fame of the musical ability of the sisters is well known throughout the city. The Institute of Holy Angels. School Sisters of Notre Dame, Fort Lee, N. J. The dedication of the new chapel of Holy Angels, erected for the use of the Convent of School Sisters of Notre Dame and their institute at Fort Lee, N. J., on the Palisades of the Hudson, over- looking the great city of New York, was celebrated with great pomp and splendor on the 25th of March, 1895, the Feast of the Annunciation, under the direction of the acting chaplain, the Rev. Patrick Byrne. IN NEW JERSEY 625 The late Rt. Rev. W. M. Wigger performed the service of dedication, beginning at 9 o'clock a.m., and afterward sang a Sol- emn Pontifical Mass. The Very Rev. J. J. O'Connor, V.G., now the present bishop of the diocese, laid the corner-stone in the absence of the late right rev. bishop, and preached at the Mass. The little chapel, so dear to the sisters and full of the sweetest reminiscences, had been to visitors an eyesore on account of its cramped and overcrowded condition, and they wished to see it re- placed by some structure worthier of the majesty of God and the requirements of the community. Their wish is satisfied in the beautiful and spacious chapel devoted to-day to the worship of God under the patronage of His Holy Angels. The chapel, a very pretty Gothic structure, is of brick trimmed with North River stone and terra-cotta. It is about 100 feet long and 45 feet wide, and has an elegant and commodious hall beneath it. This hall is for a recreation-room for the young ladies, where commencements will be held and entertainments given. It is chastely yet superbly finished, and supplied with every requisite necessary for its purpose. The chapel, however, is the gem. It consists of a nave and two aisles. The handsome cluster columns which support the roof mark this division. Then come the sanctuary and its adjoining sacristies, all richly and tastefully furnished. The sanctuary contains three very handsome altars, adorned with a wealth of beautiful statues. The Institute of Holy Angels is located in Fort Lee, on the Palisades of the Hudson, the most desirable part of Bergen County. It possesses all the advantages that a healthy and de- lightful climate can afford ; it commands a view of the city of New York, and can happily boast of beautiful and romantic scenery. This property was purchased on October 2d, 1879, by the School Sisters of Notre Dame, one of the important teaching communities in the United States, under the direction of the late Rev. Mother Mary Caroline, superior-general of the community. The convent was once the residence of the late Dr. Anderson, a well-known scientist and philanthropist. Being a private resi- dence, it afforded the sisters and pupils but few of the comforts requisite in a school, and the want of an additional building was long felt. Finally, in 1890, a new school building was erected on the north side of the old residence, facing Linwood Avenue. The system of government combines strict discipline with kind and gentle treatment. The pupils are taught to practise self-con- trol, punctuality, and obedience from a sense of duty rather than 40 626 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH from fear of reproof. The aim of the institute is to impart edu- cation in the highest sense of the word — to train the moral, intel- lectual, and physical being. Every effort is made to develop in the youthful mind the principles of virtue and religion, which alone can render education profitable. In lieu of the "grade certificate" which is issued to schools in New York State, the University of the State of New York as- sured the Collegiate Institute of Holy Angels, Fort Lee, N. J., that its English and Latin scientific courses were registered in full by the university, and that it enjoys all the privileges extended to the schools recognized by such registrations. There are three regular departments of instruction, viz., preparatory, commercial, and academic. The preparatory classes are open to students not sufficiently advanced to enter academic schools. A diploma is conferred for the satisfactory completion of a four-year course in the academic department. The Aquinas Literary Club founded an academic scholarship open to all the female pupils of the parochial school under the direction of the School Sisters of Notre Dame of New York and New Jersey. The scholarship entitled the recipient to free tuition, board, and residence for one year. The school has an excellent reference library, containing encylopaedia, gazetteers, dictionaries, standard works on history, science, fiction, etc., selected with re- gard to the needs of the pupils in the various classes. Additions of useful literature are needed and will be most acceptable. Mount St. Dominic's Academy, Caldwell, N. J. The Sisters of St. Dominic, who founded Mount St. Dominic's Academy, Caldwell, N. J., came to Roseland, and rented a house there temporarily on the 26th of May, 1 884 ; on November i st, the same year, the Harrison House, Caldwell. Rev. Father Bona- venture, O.S.B., celebrated the first Mass for the sisters in Rose- land, From 1884 to October, 1885, they were attended by the Rev. W. A. Purcell, from Seton Hall College, who said Mass on Sundays for them and in the Newark City Home in Verona; afterward the same service was performed by Rev. Father Duff)- till January, 1 887. The first resident chaplain was Father Shaugh- nessy, who left in 1888. On January loth, 1888, by the advice of the bishop, the sisters purchased the Beach House, on Bloomfield Avenue, Caldwell, and about thirty acres belonging to the prop- erty. Father McGuire, the next chaplain, remained three years. IN NEW JERSEY 627 and was .succeeded by Father Henry Kruse, who stayed but a few months. He was succeeded by Father Nolan, who foundetl the liarish of St. Aloysius, Caldwell, the ground for the church having been donated by the sisters. On the h'east of St. Joseph, 1892, the gr(.)und for the new convent and academy was broken, and on the 24th of May, the following year, the corner-stone was laid. On the 3d of September, 1895, the building was blessed by the Rt. Rev. W. M. Wigger, D.D., Rev. H. Kru.se celebrating Sol- illJUXT ST. noMIXIC- S ACADEMY, CALUWKLL, -\. J. emn High Mass, Rev. B. Bogan deacon. Rev. P Smith sub- deacon. The sermon was preached by Rev. ]. Tighe. I'rom Father Nolan's time till 1903 the sisters were attended by the successix'e pastors of St. Aloysius's jxarish, Re\'. J. F. Boylan, Rev. H. Kruse, Rev. P. Byrne. In Ma)-, 1903, the Rt. Rev. Bishop O'Connor appointed as resident chaplain Rew J. II. A. Hagan, who in December of the same year was succeeded b)- the Rev. T. J. McEnery, the present chaplain. Mother Mar)- Cathe- rine, O.S.D., the first superioress, was succeeded in 1894 b)- Mother Mary Avelline, the present superioress. Rev. Mother M. Mech- tilde, prioress of Jersey Cit)', exercises a general superxision over the institution, which at present has ab(jut 40 sisters and 100 pupils. 628 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH The House of the Good Shepherd, Newark, N. J. The House of the Good Shepherd was founded by the late Archbishop Corrigan on May 24th, 1875, on High Street, Newark, the site of the Woman's Hospital, now attached to St. Michael's. In 1 880 the present property on Thirteenth Avenue was purchased, and the sisters and children were transferred to it. The scope of the work of the Sisters of the Good Shepherd is the reformation of fallen women. In every house there is a Magdalen class, in which those among the penitents who wish to consecrate themselves to a life of penance enter, and after two years' probation, if judged worthy, are permitted to take vows, which they renew annually, on the feast of their patroness, St. Mary Magdalen, July 22d. The house for Magdalens was opened April 21st, 1881, and since that date eighty-five have been received, of whom eleven died and thirty persevered and are still in the house. They are self-sup- porting, employing their time in plain and fancy sewing. They wear a religious habit and follow the rule of the Carmelites. Their superior is always a religious of the Good Shepherd. Their chapel, dormitory, class-room, refectory, and garden are entirely separate from the convent. These holy souls are the greatest consolation of the religious women who watch over them, and are looked upon by them as their greatest trophies. Since the opening of this in- stitution fifteen hundred and seventy-five penitents have been received, provided for, and given a trade, either sewing, machine, or laundry work, thereby enabling them to earn an honest living on their return to the world. A history might be written of the life of each of the inmates. Some are young in years, but old in every kind of crime ; and some wasted by sickness and disease, the result of the pace that kills. As soon as a penitent enters she receives a new name, by which she is known and called while in the house, so that nobody is acquainted with her history or her family except the superior and the religious in charge of the peni- tent. Ninety-seven have died since the institution was opened, eighty entered the Magdalen class, and tweh-e hundred and forty- five were returned to their parents or guardians or provided with situations. At present there arc one hundred and fifty-three in- mates. While we must admit that all who return to the world do not walk in the narrow path that leads to the green pastures of the Good Shepherd, we are greatly consoled by the good con- duct of the majority, who after leaving us persevere in virtue. IN NEW JERSEY 629 despite all the temptations and allurements of a wicked world. We have at present some who have been here twenty years, and who will probably end their days with their good mothers, as they affectionately call the religious. Others there are who count the days from their entrance, only too anxious to return to the world and in some instances to the scenes of vice and degradation from which they have been snatched, but which, alas ! they love too well. There is also a third class, separate and distinct from the Magdalens and penitents, called the preservation class. This con- sists of orphans or the children of careless, negligent, or some- times destitute parents. As they are all innocent, they never hold any communication with the penitents. One hundred and fifty have been received, from the age of three to eighteen years. At the present time there are sixty-three in this class. This institu- tion is self-supporting, and receives no appropriation or remunera- tion from the city or the State. In the little God's Acre of the convent chapel repose three superiors, and eight sisters of the House of the Good Shepherd, calmly awaiting the dawn of the resurrection. Home for the Aged. The Little Sisters of the Poor, Newark, N. J. Had Jeanne Jugan lived in mediaeval days, instead of in the nineteenth century, she would certainly have taken high rank as a worker of miracles, always providing she had not been burned as a witch. For she spent many long years of her life doing just what all common-sense folk declare cannot be done — making bricks without straw, feeding multitudes without even a loaf or a fish. At an age when most women feel that their work in this world is done, she took on herself a burden so overwhelmingly heavy that the strongest man's courage might well ha\'e quailed before it. She was a tall woman, taller by far than a good half of the men ; and she was thin, nay, gaunt as the veriest scarecrow. Once black, her garments now had that grayish shade that tells of hard wear, of exposure to dust and sun, or struggles against wind and rain. She|had an old face, a face of the kind that makes one think instinctively of some weatherbeaten rock. It was ugly; that is a point on which there could be no doubt ; not only was it rugged, but ill-shapen, as if it had been cut out with blunt scissors. Her voice was low, sweet, and persuasive. " It is terrible to hear old men and women crying for bread, you know," she would whis- 630 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH per confidentially. " It just breaks one's heart to see them suffer. You must give me something for my poor old folk, you must, in- deed, good sirs. And you will, I know you will. Why, you could not find it in your hearts to let me go home to them empty-handed. Now could you, so good and so kind are you } " This was the foundress of the Little Sisters of the Poor, and this was the foundation of the noble work begun in 1842. These were the sisters who founded a house on the corner of Broad and Murray streets in the city of Newark in 1878, under the patronage of St. Rose of Lima. Bishop Bayley had been most desirous to have these sisters installed in his episcopal city, so that provision might be made for the aged poor of both sexes without regard to their religious be- lief or color. There were accommodations in the first house for about forty inmates. The present site on Warren Street was bought in 1880 and the first Mass was celebrated on the Feast of the Purification, 1883. The building was completed in 1 888 and the chapel built in 1896. The house accommodates about two hundred and twenty. The Rev. Augustine Brady is the resident chaplain. The Alexian Brothers' Hospital, Elizabeth, N. J. The Alexian Brothers' Hospital, a branch of the hospital con- ducted by the same brotherhood in Chicago, 111., was founded in 1892 by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Wigger. The Alexian brotherhood dates back to the fourteenth century, and its vocation is the management of hospitals, insane asylums, and cemeteries, and, in some parts of Europe, the burial of the dead. They have four hospitals in the United States, of which the one in Elizabeth is the latest foundation. The brothers nurse only male patients, but connected with the hospital is a dispensary for the poor of both sexes. During the year 1903, 675 patients were treated in the hospital and 2,400 found relief in the dispensary. The gen- eral of the order and the mother house is in Aix-la-Chapelle, Ger- many. The province of the Immaculate Conception in the United States is under Brother Bernard Kleppl, Provincial. The rector of the hospital in Elizabeth is Brother Cajetan Theisen. The total number of male patients treated since the opening of the hospital is 5,015, and of outdoor patients 235,000. The hospital is mainly supported by charity. There are at present fifteen brothers in the Elizabeth hospital. IN NEW JERSEY 631 St. Francis's Sanitarium, Denville, Morris County, N. J. (Kneipp Water Cure.) This institution is situated in nortiiern New Jersey, about se\'en liundred feet above sea level, in a mountainous region of superb and unrivalled scenery. It was opened in 1895 b)- the Sis- ters of the Sorrowful Mother, whose life is devoted to nursing and caring for the sick. The sanitarium property comprises an area of about two hun- dred acres. From a .sanitary standpoint its location is very favor- able, abounding in pure air, pure water, and a sandy soil which insures perfect drainage. The main building is surrounded by ST. FRAN'CIS'S SANITARIUM, DENVILLE, MORRIS lOl'NTV. N. J. fruit and flower gardens, and the entire view of the extensive landscape is both gorgeous and pleasing. The ample grounds, comprising over two hundred acres, with their picturesque plateaus and wooded hills and varied attractions, and traversed by elegant drives and footpaths, afford the guests many and pleasant e.xcur- sions. These natural attractions are ami^lified by various other means of entertainment, such as table tennis, billiards, pool, roque, bowling, etc., as well as rowing on the Rockaway River, a beau- tiful little stream which flows through the grounds. Numerous 632 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH lakes in the neighborhood, one of which is on the sanitarium prop- erty, lend additional attraction to the scenery. The institution is conducted solely on the Kneipp system, and inasmuch as it is not a hospital, only light cases are accepted, such as anaemia, neurasthenia, scrofula, chronic stomach troubles of a functional nature, convalescents, and especially those in need of rest and recuperation. The sanitarium offers no panaceas or secret methods of treatment, but aims to be a school where is taught a rational hygiene and method of living by practical demon- strations ; with these are combined suitable water applications, by means of which the body is freed of morbid material. In this way health-seekers learn the essential principles to obtain a sound condition of mind and body. The domestic arrangements are in charge of the Sisters of the Sorrowful Mother, an institution which was founded in Italy. The Rev. Joseph Joch is the director and manager, and the resi- dent physician Dr. M. Schmitz, assisted by Dr. Joseph F, Som- merhoff and Dr. F. W. Flagge. The Sisters of Charity, Gray Nuns, Morristown, N. J. Mary Margaret Dufrost de Lajemmerais, the widow of M. Francis-Magdalen d'Youville, was inspired by her director, the saintly Sulpician, M. de Lescoat, to consecrate her life to the ser- vice of the poor. Her early life and education had been watched over by her stepfather, M. T. Sullivan, or, in its Gallicised form, Silvain. In 1694 three devout laymen of Montreal had founded the General Hospital for the service of poor and infirm men, and placed it in charge of a brotherhood of Hospitallers. But the community did not prosper. This was . the institution the good priest had in view and over which he hoped one day to place Mme. d'Youville. On the Feast of All Saints, 1738, as Mme. d'Youville with her little band was on her way to the parish church, they were greeted by an angry mob, who jeered at them in abusive language and even pelted them with stones. Worse still, the grossest calumnies were invented and circulated against them — their traducers going so far as to accuse them of selling liquor to the Indians and even of using it themselves. These calumnies, strange to say, were the origin of their name, " Les Soeurs Grises," " the Gray Sisters." The word gris has two meanings — gray and tipsy — and in the latter unfavorable sense it was applied to the good nuns. Many trials accentuated the first days of the founda- IN NEW JERSEY 633 tion, but many triumphs came to console the foundress and her first companions. February 2d, 1745, Mme. d'Youville and her five companions signed the act of renouncement by virtue of which they renounced the world, consecrated their life, time, and, toil to the care of the poor, transferred to them all their earthly posses- sions, and bound themselves to live in ties of charity and obedience under a common rule. December 23d, 1771, Mme. d'Youville, surrounded by her sisters, peacefully yielded her soul to God and entered upon her eternal reward. The process of her canoniza- tion has already been begun, and Mother d'Youville has been declared Venerable. In 1823 a special ward in the General Hospital was opened for the reception of Irish orphan children. This was the beginning of St. Patrick's Orphan Asylum, Montreal. June 17th, 1847, a report reached the Gray Nunnery that hundreds of Irish immi- grants were dying unaided and unattended on the shores of Point St. Charles, at the outskirts of the city of Montreal. The superior at that time, the venerable Sister Elizabeth Forbes, in religion Sister McMullen, of Glengarry, accompanied by Sister Sainte-Croix, visited the locality and was horrified at the condi- tions she found there. She asked and obtained permission for her sisters to minister to the wants of the lonely and pest- stricken exiles. It was the hour of recreation when the two sisters returned to the community. The old and young sisters were gathered in the community-room, the conversation was animated, and from time to time peals of laughter broke out from one or another group. Taking her seat in the circle, Sister McMullen said, after a short pause : " Sisters, I have seen a sight to-day that I shall never forget. I went to Point St. Charles and found hun- dreds of sick and dying huddled together. The stench emanating from them is unendurable. The atmosphere is impregnated with it and the air is filled with the groans of the sufferers. Death is there in its most appalling form. Those who thus cry out in their agony are strangers, but their hands are lifted up in pity and despair. Sisters, the plague is contagious." Here the venerable superior burst into tears, and with a voice broken by sobs con- tinued : " In sending you there I am signing your death-warrant, but you are free to accept or refuse." For a moment there was a breathless stillness. Then all arose and stood before their supe- rior, and one and the same word fell from their lips : " I am ready." Eight of the volunteers were chosen. On arriving at Point St. Charles, three large sheds, from one hundred and fifty to two hun- 634 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH dred feet long and forty or fifty feet wide, met their view. What a sight greeted their eyes ! " I nearly fainted," said one of the sisters, relating her emotions on that eventful day, " when I ap- proached the entrance of this sepulchre. The stench stifled me, I saw a number of beings with distorted features and discolored bodies heaped together on the ground, looking like so many corpses. I knew not what to do. I could not walk without step- ping on one or another of the helpless creatures in my way. I was brought to my senses by the frantic efforts of a poor man trying to extricate himself from the burden of bodies which held him down, his face the picture of horror and despair. Picking my steps with care, after a while I got near the poor fellow, who, over- come by the efforts he had made, fell back — dear God, what a sight ! — on two discolored corpses in an advanced stage of decom- position. We set to work quickly. Clearing a small space, we first carried out the dead, and then, after strewing the floor with straw, we made the living as comfortable as possible ; but they, too, soon had to be carried out." Many sisters laid down their lives and received their crown as martyrs of charity. The traveller, as he enters Montreal, sees an immense boulder, which recalls this touching episode and bears the following inscription : TO PRESERVE FROM DESECRATION THE REMAINS OF 6,000 IMMIGRANTS WHO DIED OF SHIP FEVER, A.D. 1847-48, THIS STONE IS ERECTED BY THE WORKMEN OF MESSRS. PETO, BRASSEY AND BETES, EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE VICTORIA BRIDGE, A.D. 1859. When the Hospital of All Souls was opened in Morristown, September sth, 1892, it was placed in charge of the good daugh- ters of Mother d'Youville, who still perpetuate the traditions of the community, and cherish, as did their mother, the sick and the poor, the needy and the afflicted. The first superior was Sister Shannessy, who died at the hospital March nth, 1898. St. James's Hospital. St. James's Hospital owes its origin to the generosity of Mr. Nicholas Moore, a former resident of the fifth ward of New- ark. Mr. Moore left about $25,000 for the purpose of starting a IN NEW JERSEY 635 hospital and asylum for the residents of that section of Newark east of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The first trustees of the hospital were the Rev. J. M. Gervais and Gen. Theodore Runyon, who were executors of the will and trustees of the estate for hospital and asylum. In the course of time General Runyon resigned as trustee, and, on the death of the Rev. J. M. Gervais, Rev. P. Cody, the present pastor of St. James's Church, and Mr. Thomas O'Connor were appointed trustees under the will. Massive foundations of the building had been laid for some years, and vi'hen the time came for incorporating the hospital the trustees requested the Rt. Rev. Bishop Wigger, Messrs. Owen M'Cabe, Patrick Brady, Capt. William P. Daly, and Mr. Edward Maher to join them as incorporators and members of the board of trustees. Incorporation papers were filed in 1894. Through the untiring efforts and persevering zeal of the Rev. Father Cody the hospital building was finished. It is 200 feet long on Jefferson Street and 75 feet on Elm Street, of brown stone, four stories high, with a large basement under the entire building. From subscriptions raised at various times Father Cody ob- tained money enough to get the building ready for use. His next step was to get sisters to carry on the work. He applied at the Sisters of St. Francis's mother house in Syracuse, July 26th, 1899, and obtained the promise of sisters to come in the fall ; and on the feast of St. Francis, October 4th, 1899, the sisters took charge. The hospital is for all classes and nationalities, without relig- ious distinction. It contains all the modern equipments and it is constructed on the latest scientific plans and of the best material. It will accommodate one hundred patients, and was formally opened for the reception of patients on May 24th, 1900. A training-school for nurses was established in connection with the hospital. May ist, 1901, and has advanced rapidly. Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace. The novitiate for the United States is at St. Joseph's Home, 81 York Street, Jersey City, N. J., Sister M. Ambrose, superior. The sisters conduct establishments in the dioceses of Newark and Nesqually, United States, and New Westminster, B. C, Canada. This congregation was founded for the training of girls for domestic service and all branches pertaining to housekeeping. 636 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH The first sisters came to this country from England in 1884. In 1885 the home for working-girls was established at 78 Grand Street, Jersey City, N.J. The same year the work for nursing the sick in their own homes was commenced and has been done with great success. In May, 1 887, the convalescent and summer home for working-girls was opened at Englewood, N. J., where o\'erworked girls can spend a few weeks in a quiet and peaceful retreat. In August, 1890, a Home for the Blind was opened in Jersey City. In the same year the sisters were placed in charge of St. Joseph's Hospital at Fairhaven. In 1894 a school for the thorough education of blind children was opened by the sisters, aided by a competent teacher from the Blind Institute. In 1896 the sisters opened the Hospital of Mater Misericordiae in the city of Rossland, B. C, for the benefit of poor working-men in the mining district of Kooting County. In 1899 they opened a board- ing and day school at Nelson, B. C. In 190 1 they opened the Sacred Heart Hospital at Greenwood, B. C. Sisters in the United States, 45 ; in Canada, B. C, 10; novices, 4; postulants, 6; houses, 5; pupils, 85; orphans, 218; aged, 24. Number of sisters in the Diocese of Newark, 36 professed, 7 novices, and 5 postulants. Sisters of St. Joseph, and their Establishments in the Diocese of Newark. When, in 1617, under the influence of Monsignor de Marque- mont. Archbishop of Lyons, the gentle St. Francis de Sales reluc- tantly consented so to change the first plan of the Order of the Visitation as to enforce cloister on his religious, previously devoted to extern labors among the poor and sick, the needy and the ignorant, the void thus created became speedily felt, and prelates zealous for the glory of God and the advancement of religion were impelled to found or urge the foundation of religious congre- gations that would labor in the fields thus left vacant. Among those beneficent creations, one of the first was that of the Sisters of St. Joseph, founded in Le Puy in Velay, in 1650, by the Rev. John P. Medaille, a noted missionary of the Society of Jesus, and Monsignor Henry de Maupas, Bishop of Le Puy, who, as a member of the illustrious family de Gordi, had the happiness of claiming St. Vincent de Paul as his friend and confessor. The " little Institute of St. Joseph " spread rapidly, and at the disastrous epoch of the French Revolution its houses were many IN NEW JERSEY 637 and its members numerous. To them, as to other religious, the Revolution brought sequestration and destruction of convents and property, imprisonment, and in many cases death to the religious. Under the patronage of Cardinal Fesch, a few of the scattered religious reopened a convent in Lyons in 181 1, the superior ap- pointed by his Eminence being Mother St. John Fontbonne, who had been rescued from the guillotine only by the death of Robe- spierre. From this convent of Lyons colonies of religious began again to go forth and spread the good odor of Christ not only throughout France, but even into foreign countries. In 1836, at the request of Rt. Rev. Bishop Rosati, of St. Louis, Mo., six sis- ters came from Lyons and established at Carondelet, a suburb of St. Louis, Mo., the first house of the Sisters of St. Joseph in America. In 1847 three sisters came from St. Louis to Philadelphia, at the request of the saintly Bishop Kendrick, to take charge of St. John's Male Orphan Asylum. The community took deep root in the soil of Philadelphia, and in 1858 the Venerable Bishop Neu- mann decided to establish a mother house at Chestnut Hill, a suburb of Philadelphia, which was called Mount St. Joseph. On this mother house now depend about forty-five convents, contain- ing more than six hundred religious. The community of the Sisters of St. Joseph was introduced into the Diocese of Newark in 1 872 by Rev. Thomas Killeen, then pastor of St. John's Church, who engaged them to take charge of his parish school. Mother Mary Ignatius Ryan, a saintly relig- ious and woman of fine culture and wide experience, was the first superior; the colony numbered four religious. The academy, a pay school, numbered at first about forty pupils. In the parochial school there were about one hundred and fifty. The boys were under charge of a lay teacher. Some years ago the pay school was discontinued and the sis- ters took charge of both boys and girls, devoting all their energy to the parish school, which at present numbers more than two hundred children, under four teachers. The second establishment in the diocese was at Our Lady of the Valley, Orange Valley, under the pastorate of Rev, William Callen, now deceased. In September, 1881, three religious, under Mother Mary Raphael Mullen, took charge of his school, although for several months they resided at St. John's, Newark, whence they went daily to Orange. However, in January, 1882, their new con- vent being finished, they became resident at the valley. The 638 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH school now numbers nearly five hundred boys and girls, under twelve teachers, of whom Mother M. Fabiana Farry is the superior. When from St. John's Rev. Father Killeen was transferred to St. Mary's Star of the Sea, Bayonne, he asked for the Sisters of St. Joseph to take charge of the school, and Mother M. Angela Crowley and three teachers were sent to Bayonne, August 26th, 1879. The pupils at first numbered about four hundred ; by the close of the year two additional teachers were needed. The school now contains about fourteen hundred pupils, who are taught by nineteen teachers, under the supervision of Mother Mary James Rodgers. St. Virgilius's Church, Morris Plains, N. J. In 1882 Bishop Wigger detached Morris Plains and Whippany from St. Mary's, Morristown, and erected these congregations into a separate parish and placed over them as pastor the Rev. James J. Brennan. On July 13th the Rev. D. McCartie, the Bishop's secretary, wrote to Father Flynn : The absence of several rectors and assistants, who have ob- tained permission to travel for the restoration of health, has caused a deficiency of priests in some parishes of the diocese. In order to supply the wants of the churches deprived of this ministration, the bishop finds it necessary to distribute more equally the rever- end assistants who are at present available. For this reason he is constrained to remove Father Whelan from Morristown and transfer him to a parish where his services are more urgently required. As the duty of attending Morris Plains would be too onerous a task for you unaided, his lordship has considered it advisable to annex that mission to the parish of Whippany, the revenues of which will be thus rendered more easily adequate to the support of a priest. You are requested to furnish Father Brennan with all requi- site information regarding the condition and management of the mission, and to effect such arrangements as may enable him to assume full charge of it within one week from the present date. Father Brennan entered with zeal upon his new duties. The fine weather tempted him to gather his little flock under the shel- ter of a tent, and thus the Catholics of Morris Plains worshipped their God as did the Israelites of old. On October nth, 1882, Bishop Wigger wrote to Father Flynn : IN NEW JERSEY 639 I hereby foi'mally delegate you, and ask you lo lae kind enough to lay the corner-stone of the new church to be built in Morris Plains. When the erection of the church was first contemplated, Father Flynn desired and intended to place it under the i)atron- age of St. Virgil, Archbishop of Saltzburg, one of the most illus- trious of God's servants, and likewise eminent for his learning, apostolic zeal, and ceaseless energy in preaching the faith and exterminating heresy. Fear- gal, or the modernized O'Far- rell, was born in the south of Ireland of a princely family. He profited so well by the teaching in the schools for which Ireland was noted that, i.:in his arrival in France, about the year 743, he was most graciousl)' receivetl b)- Pepin, son of the great Char- lemagne, and recommended by him to (3tilo, Duke of Ba\-aria. It is interesting tn know that this Irish nmnk was among the first, if not the very first, t("j teach tlic existence of antipodes and the sphericity of the earth. The fact is easily demonstrat- ed and comprehended in our day, but in the time (.)f St. Virgil it was a bold doctrine to broach, and reqiui-ed unusual strength of charactei" t<> stand b\' C()n\'ictions so cnunter to all |)i-e- conceived notions and to the en'onenus \-ie\vs i>n cosmngun)' in full vigor at that peri(xl. I le built a magnificent basilica m honor of his predecessor St. Rupert, in whicli he enshrined ilie relics of the saint and which he made his cathedral chui'ch, I le was canonized in the Lateran Basilica, Juh', 1233, b\- Pnpe Gi-cg<)r\- IX. In life and after his soul was freed fri>m its piason of cla\' God set the seal (.)f His appro\'al (in the \-ii-tues ot (.lur saint by the many miraculous cui'cs effected. St. Mai'\''s, Morris town, prides itself on the possession of a portion of his precious relics. ST. VIRGILIUS S (.HrHCII, .MdKKIS I'LAIXS, X. J. 640 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Father Brennan entered warmly into the views of his prede- cessor and decided to place the little church under the protection of this great confessor. For the first time in America did St. Virgil receive this honor. New interest was awakened in the history of his life and labors, and the descendants of his fellow- countrymen were quick to give him the love and reverence to which the servants of God are entitled, and which redound en- tirely to His greater honor and glory. Soon after his appointment the Rev. Joseph M. Flynn sought to collect the few scattered Catholics north of Morristown. He wished also to afford the opportunity of hearing Mass to those employed in the State Hospital for the Insane at Morris Plains. Consequently, after due announcement, the Holy Sacrifice was offered on Christmas Day, 1881, in the parlor of Mr. Andrew Murphy, at Wilsonville, near the asylum, three miles from Mor- ristown and one from Morris Plains. For over six months he continued the service, made collections, and obtained subscriptions to the amount of $444.68, which he used to purchase an acre of ground, at a cost of ;^500, on Hanover Avenue. On June 14th, 1882, the Rev. James Joseph Brennan, recently of St. John's Church, Paterson, was appointed pastor of Whip- pany and Northfield. On July 20th Morris Plains was substituted for Northfield, and on the 23d of the month, at 10:30 a.m., he celebrated Holy Mass at Wilsonville as successor to Father Flynn, the collection being ;^i.S3. In order to accommodate some who desired a more convenient location he borrowed from the Morristown Catholics a large tent, which he pitched near the new church lot. In that frail and tem- porary shelter, which might be likened to the stable of Bethle- hem, he offered the Holy Sacrifice for the first time on the 6th of August. At first in this humble sanctuary there were no pews, but a few boards and chairs ; no floor but the bare ground, no carpet but the stubble of new-mown wheat ; the altar was a pine table with the bare requisites for the Holy Sacrifice and a few fresh flowers. The people went to confession in public view back of the altar-table, behind a few hemlock boards. On the approach of cold weather, September 24th, the hall of the public school was procured and used until near the close of the year. Meanwhile, on September 28th, Rt. Rev. W. M. Wigger IN NEW JERSEY 641 granted permission to erect a cliurch at Morris Plains at a prob- able cost of $1,200. He afterward allowed a debt of $1,500 to be incurred. On October 15th the corner-stone of an edifice, 30 by 45 feet, was laid in the presence of several hundred persons by Rev. Jo- seph M. Flynn, who also delivered an appropriate sermon on the glory and perpetuity of the Catholic Church. Before the building was half completed the Holy Sacrifice was offered up in it, at 10:30 a.m., on Christmas, 1882, exactly one year from the celebration of the first Mass at Wilson ville. It was nearly another year before it was completed and dedi- cated to the service of God by Bishop Wigger, December i6th, 1883. It took a few more years to provide the necessary and suitable means for the proper celebration of the various offices of religion. On December 13th, 1886, through the liberality of Mr. Corne- lius Conklin and wife, a large and more eligible site was purchased for $1,500, with the expectation of some clay having the church, the school, and the rectory in close proximity. In August, 1888, the church was moved to the new property, which comprises more than two acres at the junction of Mountain Way and Hanover and Speedwell avenues, in the very heart of Morris Plains. At the same time the church was enlarged and a belfry and a gallery were built. Then the grounds were graded, laid out, planted with trees, and enclosed. On the evening of December 20th, 1889, a new bell, weighing nine hundred and eighty-one pounds, was blessed by Bishop Wig- ger, assisted by Very Rev. Joseph M. Flynn, Rev. Maurice P. O'Connor; Rev. Joseph H. Hill, Rev. Joseph C. Dunn, and the Rev. Rector. The bell, called for the Apostle of Ireland, bears the following inscription : " St. Patrick, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. C. S. Conklin To THE Church of St. Virgilius, Morris Plains, N. J. W. M. WiGGER, Bishop. James Joseph Brennan, Pastor. 1889." After the blessing an appropriate sermon on the history of bells was delivered by Dean Flynn, who also concluded the ser- vices by giving the Benediction of the Most Blessed Sacrament. 41 642 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH The value of its property, exclusive of debts, is over $20,000, and the number of souls about two hundred. When Father Brennan was transferred to the pastorate of the Sacred Heart Church, Newark, he was succeeded by the Rev. Andrew M. Egan. Father Egan, in the ten years of his stay in Morris Plains, accom- plished a great deal. He built the rectory and the hall, beautified the church, and endeared himself not only to his flock but to all classes in the community His successor in 1902 was the present rector, the Rev. James T. Brown Father Brown was born in Trenton, N. J., January 19th, 1866, and was educated at St. Charles's, Maryland, and for theology in St. Mar)''s, Baltimore, and Seton Hall, He was ordained in the cathedral, Newark, June nth, 1892. He has ministered as assistant in St, John's and St. Joseph'.s, Paterson, St. Joseph's, St. Paul's, and St Lucy's, Jersey City. The State hospital and the county almshouse are attended by Father Brown without compensation. IN NEW JERSEY 643 i .S .i=! p <-> ii « 1-, JHrS c ":;: ■«,'-. >>t! rt ^ SioF'^in Si" bjosSs! 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S < -^ =3=3^2 — — p;:3:z:"c/3'r) ■ SS2SS— SflOp^o rt U „ „ „ „ p rt rt rt rt .■'i rt 'S '^i'' In c q c „ sSSSS « U 4J 0) OJ < (/) c/3 ly^cfi 5 a - e <; oi— >P4 s'^S a a --5.2 o n S — o >, •S V- 1h 1:14 W C •a < y 1 — 1 S IN NEW JERSEY 675 Q % 00 a , " M N X > S "A i- • M w tH I.M W tN v-< M 3 0^ ONoO O O O O O O ^ en en c*^ en en en ■^ o o o o o o O^ 0\ o^ o^ o^ o^ en o o o\ c^ H 1-. *f 'OvOO'O^O'O ^ .S.OSC U U U U 4J V a a G a a a 3 3 3 3 3 3 01 13 -"o o > -\ 2 § «>^ VU -- iW VU kU iw i.« .', C O TO aaUaaaaaaaaa MO." 000000000 o t: o 0>3— '3 (u lu ■■ rt 15 I— .g .2 3h-- .e3g-3s --^ 4) rr, -r- t- •si's O in ^> v c/: s:^ss-ais^ ^i^£g°acxs^i "1 - •jS B m O « u ffl •H J3 C) 1 a 1-1 >.>>>>>>t>>>-[>>>t>>>>.5>>.>>!>>.>> >,> > > > > > 676 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH a « w « -co r^+^ rt P. ^'^ 13 Ji rt S S n ti > > i) U it V IN NEW JERSEY 677 MEMORANDA OF ARCHBISHOP CORRIGAN. RECEIVED TOO LATE TO CLASSIFY. Pleasant Mills. I VISITED the abandoned Church of Pleasant Mills, about seven miles from Egg Harbor, and not far from the coast, though a few miles inland. Long ago a ship with many Catholic passengers was wrecked on the neighboring coast, and the poor people settled at Balsto, in Burlington County, two or three miles distant, where some factories gave them temporary employment. An old book, still kept by Mrs. Alber, a German Catholic, reveals the fact that in 1834 the Rev. Mr. Loughran used to say Mass occasionally. In 1835 and 1836 the Rev. Edward McCarthy, S.J., used to say Mass in Pleasant Mills once a month. A stray leaf of the Baptismal Register noted his baptizing six infants in August, 1835, others in September, others in October. About one hundred names of men, chiefly Irish, who contributed to the "yearly stipend " of the priest, also appear. The little church will seat comfortably about one hundred. It is still (1879) well preserved, ceiling perfect, with a good frame. Adjoining is the cemetery, which has been made use of quite recently even for the few Catholics lost in this wilderness of sand. At present there are two practical Catholics in the place — Mrs. Alber and Miss Nineleck, the public-school teacher; a third, married to an Irish Presbyterian (Ford), is said to have fallen away. The last service was held in i860, the mills having closed and the population dwindled away (Bishop Corri- gan's Register of Diocese, 86). Port Elizabeth. There is another desolate altar in Port Elizabeth, six miles from Millville, once a resort of charcoal burners. The church was formerly some kind of an academy, as is evident from its construc- tion and the tower. It seemed to have been originally divided into two stories, and the beams afterward removed when it be- came a church. There are two tiers of windows. No Mass has been said in it for many years. Father Gessner removed the altar stone and altar furniture and gave the key to " Black Mary," a good old colored soul — the last surviving Catholic, since deceased. 678 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH The whole appearance of the place is ruinous — windows smashed and destroyed, the roof partially fallen, the floors covered with debris of plaster. The altar, confessional, and pews are still good. Adjoining the church is the graveyard. I noticed a recent head- stone with the date 1875. At the time of the foundation of the parish Millville did not exist. Many workmen gathered at the factories of the " Port." Now the factories are closed and grass is growing in the streets of the once-thriving village (p. 97, Reg. of Dioc). The church was moved on a raft to Dennisville. In 1843 a German colony of Hungarians and Bohemians settled at Port Elizabeth, Cumberland County, working at a glass factory owned by a Catholic. From the name of the place and their nationality they dedicated the academy which they purchased for a church to St. Elizabeth of Hungary. Bishop Gartland, then a priest of the Diocese of Philadelphia, blessed the church. In the course of time the glass-works were suspended and the Catholics moved away. About 1859 I'ort Elizabeth Church was completely aban- doned. On July 27th, 1879, Father Dwyer had it moved to Den- nisville (Goshen), where it was revamped, rebuilt, and dedicated by Bishop Corrigan. The next morning Requiem Mass was said by the bishop for the founders of Catholicity in Goshen. Morrisville. Church, erected by Rev. M. J. Glennon, 25 by 46 feet. The altar a gift from Mrs. Patrick Farrelly in honor of her patroness. Then the only church of any kind in Morrisville, and the only one in New Jersey dedicated to St. Catherine of Genoa. Cost, ;^ 1,600. Dedicated by Bishop Corrigan, November 25th, 1879. Bayonne. Our Lady Star of the Sea. Corner-stone contains a fragment from the subterranean church of St. Clement, Rome, sent by Prior Mulooly,'fragments from the altar of Fort St. Maro, Florida, 1645, and the cathedral of St. Augustine, 1795. INDEX Abbelin, Rev. P. M., 486 Acadians, The, 42 Agnes, Sister, 362 Agnes, Sister Mary, 593 Ahne, Rev. B., 380, 404 Alexian Brothers, 630 Allaire, Rev. B. P., 182, 305, 312, 357 „ Allen, Rev J. H., 351 Albania, 4 Ali, Rev. Joseph, 328, 537 AUenhurst, 583 Alsatians in Pennsylvania, 18 Amat, Rev. I., 179 American Celt, 112 • Ambrose, Sr. Marj', 635 Ancellein, 5 c Anelli, Rev. Francis, 155, 368 Anas, Rev. Celestine, 161 Andres, Governor, 5, 6 Anderson, Rev. Dr., 245 Anderson, Dr., 154, 368 Angela, Mother, 588 Anne, Queen, 13 Anthony, Fr. C. P., 241 Anti-Catholic Legislation, 8 Andros, Sir Edmund, 11 Andover Mine, 52 Andover, 317 Antoine ,218 Armand, 41 Arnold's Tavern, Morristown, 230 Assembly, Kilkenny, 11 First General, at Eliza- bethtown, 8 " Provincial, 5 " at New York, 5 Ascheri, Rev. Joseph, 325 Assumption, Church of, Morristown, 204, 213 Assumption Church, Bayonne, 583 Asbury Park, 468 Atlantic City, 330, 332 Atalanta (Steamer), 120 Atlantic, i Augustinians, 233 Augustine, Sister, 623 Auling, Rev. Anselm, O.M.C., 437 Bacon, Rev. D. W., 112 Bacon, Rev. Wm., no Bahamas, i Baker, Father, 160 Balleis, Rev. N., 135, 205, 257 Baltes, Bishop, 92 Baltimore, Lord, 3 Bandol, Rev. S., 40 Baran, Rev. F., 389 Barbadoes, 16 Barclay, Gov., 20 Barney, 56 Barry, Saucy Dick, 41 Barron, Rev. E., 98 Barzoz, Rev. J., 518 Basil, Rev. G., 9 Baudinelli, Rev. J., 394, 406 Baxter, Capt., 352, 11 Baxter, Rev. J., 320, 355 Bayley, Most Rev. J. R., 72, iii, 112, iig, 120, 201, 202, 235, 241, 242, 245, 247, 256, 266, 276, 300, 301, 3°4, 322. 325. 334, 340, 343. 347. 35°. 353. 356. 360, 367, 373, 384. 392. 396, 407. 419. 6°5. 606, 615, 616, 630 Bayonne, 357 Beaudevin, Father, 38 Becker, Rev. H., 414 Becker, Bishop, 140 Bedeni, Archbishop, 159, 495 Beekman, Christopher, 19 Behr, Rev. H. J., 259, 364 Bela, Rev. I., 532 Bellemont, Earl of, 8 Belgium, 50 Benedictine Sisters, 258, 28'', 350 Berault, Charles, 214 Bergen, Settlement of, 3 Bergen Point, 106 Bergman, Father, 189, 412 Berkeley, Lord, 4, 7. Bernard, Gov., 28 Bernardine, Father, 353 Berto, Rev. B., 352 Bettoni, Rev. S., 417 Biggio, Father, 175 Birk, Rev. P., 394 68o INDEX Binsse, Dr., 36 Blanchels, 49 Bloem, Rev, J., 396 Bloomfield, 463 Blume, Prof. Theo., 620 Bogaard, V. d., Rev. P., 354, 369 Bohl, Rev. L. J., 351, 377 Bogan, Rev. B. M., 188, 377, 410 Borsaubin, A. Von S., 121 Boissinot, 50 Bolting, Frances, 156, 161 Bona, 50 Bordentown, 20 Borghese, Rev. J., 429 Bound Brook, 236, 352 Boylan, Rev. J. J,, 107, 521 Boylan, Rev. J. F., 449, 456, 524, 627 Boylen, 20 Bradevelt, 354 Brady, Rev. A. M., 525, 630 Brady, Rev. J. H., 124, 328, 364, 402, 533 Brady, Rev. D. J., 377, 403 Brann, Rev. H., 100, 243, 244, 364, 367. 371. 396. 60s Breeka, Rev. F. E., 256 Brignole, Cardinal, 158 Brennan, Rev. J. J., 326, 536 Brennan, Rev. iVI. J., 239 Brennan, Rev. C, i Bridgeton, 392 Britten, Elizabeth, g Brockholes, H., 6, 7, Brothers, Rev. W. A., 410, 525 Brothers, Franciscan, 427 Brougham, Lord, 149 Brownson, O. A., 148 Brown, Rev. G. F., 542 Brown, Rev. J. F., 367, 377, 403, 474 Bulger, Father, 34, 39 Burke, Rev. T. N., 399 Burke, Rev. R. E., 313, 351, 361, 364, 399 Butler, Rev. Thos. E., 410 Burns, Rev. W., 103 Burtsell, Rev. R. L., 486 Byrnes, Rev. W., no Byrne, Rev. S., O.P., 454 Byrne, Rev. P., 62, 194, 334, 364, 457, 524, 624, 627 Byllinge, Edw., 7 Cabot, Voyage, 2 Cahensley, Peter Paul, 491 Cahill, Rev. Dr., 162 Callan, Rev. John, 191, 193 Callan, Rev. James, 38, 83, 123, 247 3°S. 357. 316 Callan, Rev. M. S., 402, 435, 474, 525 Callen, Rev. Wm. R., 447, 6og Callahan, Rev. J. P., 250, 364, 370, 514, 527 Calandri, Very Rev. Anthony, 244 Caldwell, 312 Camden, 333 Cannon, Rev. Cornelius, 180, 279, 340, 397 Canonical Status of Priests, 486 Canadian Clergy, 40 Cantwell, Rev. Wm., 450 Cape May, 4, 233 Capuchins, 369 Carew, Rev. P. T., 379, 475 Carew, Rev. Wm., 436 Carlstadt, 437 Carmelites, 396, 460 Carroll, Archbishop, 40, 53,59,96, 115, 260 Carroll, Rev. L. C. M., 364, 410, 529 Carroll, Rev. E. P., 147, 233, 530, 531 Carroll, Charles (of CarroUton), 57 Carr, Rev. Matthew, 60 Carr, J. Harris, 14 Carre, Sir Robert, 4 Cartaret, Sir George, 4, 7, 16 Cartet, Father, 191 Carey, Matthew, 54 Carey, Very Rev. Justin, C.P., 246 Caroline, Mother Mary, 625 Carunchio, Very Rev. Victor, 242 Cassesse, Rev. Anthony, 180, 341 Cassian's, St., Church, 311 Cassidy, Rev. Peter (S.J.), 100 Cathedral of Sacred Heart, 507 Catherine, Mother Mary, 627 Catholic Union, 420 " Protectory, Denville, 427 " Population of Phila., 22 " Expositor, 100 " Constitution, 54 " Settlement in N, J. (the oldest) , 31 Church (the first in N.Y.), 48 " France, 55 Soldiers, 5 Catholics in N . Y. and N . J . , 48 " (incorporated), 48 N. Y. City, 262 America, 11 Elizabeth, 9 ■■ •• N.J.,30 " Devotion to Country, 40 " in Barbadoes and Am. Islands, 14 Catholicity in N, Y. (first traces of) , S Cauvin, Rev. Anthony, 150, 240, 241, 242, 336 INDEX 68i Cavelier, i Cedar Grove, 50 Celt, 2 Chapel, Catholic, at Ft. James, 6 Charles I, i, 3 Charles II, 4 Charlottenbvirg, 31, 59 Charter of Liberties, 5 Chartier, Rev. Stephen, 115 Chases, The, 56 Chatham, 414 Chegarry, Madame, 279 Cherry Valley, 50 Cheverus, Bishop, 50 Chielon, 5° Chlebowsld, Rev. V., '^z$ Christian Brothers, 86, 103, 214 Church of Sacred Heart, Newark 536 Churches : Asbury Park — Holy Spirit, 468 Atlantic City — St. Nicholas, 330 Avondale — Our Lady of Grace, 458 Belmar — St. Rose, 533 Bayonne — St. Mary's, 357 Mt. Carmel, 582 " Assumption, 583 " St. Vincent de Paul, 543 Belleville, — St. Peter's, 109 Bernardsville — Our Lady of Help, 547 Bloomfield — Sacred Heart, 463 Boonton — Mt. Carmel. 190 Bordentown — St. Mary's, 172 Bound Brook — St. Joseph's, 352 Bridgeton — Immaculate Concep- tion, 392 Butler — St. Anthony, 540 Caldwell — St. Aloysius, 523 Camden — Immaculate Concep- tion, ill Carlstadt — St. Joseph's, 437 Carteret — St. Joseph's, 131 Cape May — Star of the Sea, 233 Chatham — St. Patrick's, 414 Clinton — Immaculate Concep- tion, 134 Cranford — St. Michael, 440 Deal — St. Mary's, 5 S3 Dover — St. Mary's, 193 East Newark — St. Antony, 580 East Orange — Help of Christians , 513 " Sacred Heart, 540 East Vineland — St. Mary's, 578 Egg Harbor City — St. Nicholas, 397 Elizabeth — Holy Rosary, 527 St. Michael's, 256 " St. Patrick's, 356 " Sacred Heart, 413 Churches : Ehzabeth — St. Mary's, 141 St. Anthony, 586 Englewood — St. Cecilia, 396 Flemington — St. Mary Magdalen, 135 Fort Lee — Madonna, 368 Freehold, St. Rose, 324 Gloucester — St. Mary, 194 Greenville — St. Paul's, 365 Guttenberg — St. Joseph, 393 Hackensack — Holy Trinity, 371 ' ' Immaculate Con- ception, 538 Hampton Junction — St. Anne, 367 Harrison — Holy Cross, 373 Hibernia — St. Patrick, 370 Hoboken — St. Mary's, 150 " St. Anne, 597 St. Francis, 531 " St. Joseph's, 436 Sts. Peter and Paul, 534 Hohokus — St. Luke, 378 Irvington — St. Leo, 455 Jobstown — St. Andrew, 313 Jersey City — St. Anthony, 518 St. Aloysius, 546 All Saints, 545 St. Boniface, 379 St. John Baptist, S17 St. Joseph, 336 St. Bridget, 407 St. Lucy, 519 St. Mary, 362, 583 St. Nicholas, 522 St. Patrick, 410 St. Paul of the Cross, 404 Holy Rosary , 523, 584 St. Michael, 344 Kearney — St. Cecilia, 540 Keyport — St. Joseph, 459 Kingsland — Sacred Heart, 581 Lakewood — St. Mary, 237 Lambertville — St. John, 132 Lodi — St. Francis de Sales, 324 Long Branch — Star of the Sea, 449 Macopin — St. Luke's, 108 Madison — St. Vincent's, 115 Mendham — St. Joseph's, 355 Metuchen — St. Francis, 417 Millville — St. Mary Magdalen, 364 Montclair- immaculate Concep- tion, 309 Moorestown — L ady of Good Counsel, 313 Morristown — Assumption ,213 682 INDEX Churches: Morristown — St. Margaret's, 217 Mount Arlington — Our Lady, 533 Mount Holly — Sacred Heart, 312 Mount Hope — St. Bernard, 403 Netcong — St. Michael, 474 Newton — St. Joseph, 314 Newark — St. Aloysius, 472 St. Anne, 532 St. Antoninus, 454 St. Augustine, 451 St. Benedict, 349 St. Bridgit's, 530 St. Columba, 444 St. James, 305 St. John, 67 St. Joseph, 398 St. Lucy, 538 St. Mary Magdalene, 542 St. Mary, 135 St. Michael, 466 Mount Carmel, 537 Our Lady of Good Counsel, 580 St. Peter, 329 St. Patrick's Pro -Ca- thedral, 197 St. Rocco, 550 Sacred Heart, 536 Blessed Sacrament, 582 St. Stanislaus, 534 St. Stephen, 579 New Brunswick — St. Peter's, 88 " " — Sacred Heart, 515 New Durham — St. Bridget, 526 North Plainfield — St. Joseph, 515 Ocean City — St. Augustine, 543 Oradell — St. Joseph, 585 Orange — Our Lady of the Valley, 447 " St. John, 321 " St. Venantius, 528 Passaic — Holy Trinity, 550 " St, Nicholas, 326 Paterson — St. Mary, 434 " St. Joseph, 401 " Our Lady of Lourdes, 512 " St. George, 511 " St. Agnes, 509 " St. Boniface, 255 " St. Bonaventure, 460 St. John, 75 St. Michael, 585 Perth Amboy — Holy Trinity, 578 " " St. Mary, 124 " " St. Stephen, 132 Plainfield— St. Mary, 248 Philipsburg — Sts. Philip and James, 359 Churches: Pleasant Mills — St. Mary, 321 Princeton — St. Paul, 181 Rahway — St. Mark, 411 St. Mary, 186 Raritan — St. Bernard, 236 Redbank — St. James, 247 Rockaway — St. Cecilia, 369 Roselle — St. Joseph, 443 Sandy Hook — Mission, 350 Salem — St. Mary, 178 Seabright — Holy Cross, 516 Short Hills — St. Rose, 251 Sommerville — Immaculate Con- ception, 13s South Amboy — St. Mary, 122 South Orange — Our Lady of Sor- rows, 529 Stony Hill — St. Mary, 188 Summit — St. Teresa, 370 Swedesboro — St. Joseph, 339 Trenton — St. Mary's Cathedral, 383 Immaculate Concep- tion, 450 ' ' Sacred Heart (formerly St. John), 60 ' " St. Joseph, 513 " St, Francis, 234 " St. Stanislaus, 389 " Holy Cross, 389. St. Mary (Greek), 390 " St. Joseph, 390 Union Hill — St. Augustine, 525 " " Holy Family, 351 Vineland — Sacred Heart, 381 Weehawken — St. Lawrence, 524 Westfield — Holy Trinity, 437 West Hoboken — St. Anthony, 548 Church of West Hoboken , 152 St. Michael's Monastery, 2 39 West New York — Church of the Madonna, 582 " " Help of Chris- tians, 544 Westwood — St. Andrew, 522 Whippany — Our Lady of Mercy, 325 Woodbridge — St. James, 129 Wyckoff— St. Elizabeth, 379 Church, First Catholic, in Phila., 22 City of Caesars, 2 Circular Letter of Bayley, Rt. Rev. R., 286 Clancey, Rev. Daniel S., 328, 410 Claim of the Plowdens, 4 Clark, Rev. Owen, 403 Clement XIV., Pope, 59 Cleophas, Sister Mary, 592 INDEX 6Sj Cleveland, Grover, 238 Cody, Rev. Patrick, 308, 357, 369, 371, 635 Codman, John, Letter of, 268 Coghlan, Daniel, 251, 325 Colclough, Rev, Constantine, 524 Columbus, I " Prayer, i " Crew, 2 " Companions, 2 Coleman, Rev., 331 Colbert, Rev. J. P., 454 Colvin, Patrick, 46 Collins, Isaac, 61 Colt, Roswell L., 76 Company of London Adventurers, 2 Company of East India Adventur- ers, 3 Company of Plymouth Adventur- ers, 2 Committee of Public Safety, 53 Concanen, Rev. Richard Luke, 64 Conley, Rev. W. J., 411 Connolly, Bishop, 75, 77, 108, 260 Connolly, Rev. M. J., 360, 403, 411 Connolly, Rev. P. L., 197, 431 Connolly, Rev. P. J. F., 401, 528 Connolly, Rev. P. F., 176, 361, 623 Connolly, Rev. John, 64, 249 Connery, Rev. Hugh, 328 Conroy, Father, 36 Conroy, Rt. Rev. J. J., Bp. Albany, 361 Conroy, Rev. John, 78, loi, 103 Conroy, Rev. Thos. A., 401, 541 Conwell, Bp., 265 Convent Station, 587 Conover, Richard, 161 Condition of Grant (to Sir Th. Danby) , 3 Connecticut, 58 Congress, 55 Constitution of N. J. (Art. 7th of), 4 Corn bury. Lord, 12, 13 Corrigan, Rev. M. A., 62, 108, 109, 121, 123, 236, 24S, 250, 253, 293, 303. 31°. 323. 338, 341, 344, 351, 361, 368, 370, 372, 374, 375, 384, 391, 407, 410, 414, 417, 433, 440, 441, 466, 479, 494, 605, 609, 615, 628 Corrigan, Rev. M. A., Life of, 418 Corrigan, Rev. M. A., Letter, 428 Corrigan, Rev. Geo. W., 253, 255, 319, 378, 400, 51°, .511, 522 Corrigan, Rev. Patrick, 99, 103, 17°, 251, 3^9' 371, 407, 486, 487, 493 Corrigan, Rev. Jas. P., 147, 378, 411 Corrigan, Rev. J. H., 253, 609, 617,, 619 Corr, Rev. P. M., 364, 371, 408 Corcoran, Rev. M. P., 401 Courvoisier, Rev. J., 383 Coyle, Rev., 106, 158, 336, 364 Coyle, Rev. Francis, 112 Coyne, Rev. H. S., 377 Commonwealth, Cromwell's, 3, ifr Cook, Martha, 156 Cooney, D. F., 431 Coote, Col., 8 Coree, Daniel, 20 Cowpens, 57 Coscia, Rev. N., 237 Crane, Rev. Peter, 331 Crane, Rev. Mark, 331 Cranford, 440 Cross, The, i Csurgovich, Rev. Jno., 390 Cullinane, Rev. Jas., O.S.B., 414 Cunneely, Rev. Jos., 371, 585 Cummings, Rev. Dr., 83, 156, 272,, 336 Cummiskey, Rev. Jas., 321 Cunningham, Capt. Wm., 16 Curran, Rev. J. J., 434, 485, 528 Curran, Rev. Mich., 270 Curoe, Rev. John, 112 Curtain, Rev. Wm., 360 Cusick, Rev. Jas., 360 Czclusniok, Rev., 389 Czemecki, Rev. Francis, 389 Daly, Rev. James, 195 Daly, Rev. F., O.S.D., 237 Davis, Rosanna, 152 Davis, James, Jr., 152 Dankers, Joseph, 9 Dautner, Rev. Aug., 257 D'Arcy, Rev. James, 120, 221 Dagnault, Rev. D. S., 255, 355 Dagnault, Rev. P. S., 371, 441 Dalton, Rev. James F., 358, 398. 116 Daggett, Mate, 11 Danielson, Rev. Stanislaus, 350 Danby, Sir Thomas Grantto, 3 Damjanovis, Rev. Theodore, 390 De Concilio, Rt. Rev. J., 245, 343, 364, 519, 523 De Marquemont, Mons., 636 Deans, 486 Denville, St. Francis Protectory.. 423 Delehanty, Rev. J. Fr., 250, 364 De Persia, Rev. F., 586 De Bogaard, Rev. M. A. V., 135 D'Aquilla, Rev. E., 537 De Burgh, Rev. Hubert, in De Maupas, Henry, 250, 458, 636- •684 INDEX De Stephani, Rev. M., 411 Delaney, Maria, 19 Deckertown, 316 Delaney, Martin, 52 Degan, Rev. Theophilus, 234, 365 Degan, Rev. Father, 234, 381, 392 D'Anterroches, Count Joseph Louis, 141 Demis, Father, 181 ■de la Neuville, 41 Devine, Rev. James, 354 •de Miralles, Don Juan, 46 Delaware River, 3 Denville Sanatorium, 631 Denmark, 53 Dillon, Rev. Dr., 377 Dillin's Brigade, Dolan,Rev. J. F., 443, 475, 511 Dolan, Rev. M., 368 Dido, 56 Dickerson Mine, 53 Dikovich, Rev. Eugene, 256, 412 Dittrich, Rev. Wm. Fr., 383 Diocese of Newark, The, 260 Donovan, Rev. W. J., 368 ■de Gardequi, Don Diego, 48 Donnelly, Rev. M. J., 364 Doane, Rt. Rev. G. H., 197, 209, 211, 242, 373. 376. 399, 429. 477, 606, 6og, 614 Donohoe, Rev. Nicholas, O.M.C., 437 Doneher, Rev. Patrick, 91, 112 Donahue, Rev. J. R., 411 Dongen, 8 Dougherty, Rev. James, 112 Dougherty, Henry J., 375 Dubois, Bishop, 49, 78, 90, 92, 98, loi, 104, 109, 115, 260 Durich, Rev. J. J., 365, 382 Dubercau, 49 Duer, John Judge, 302 Du Coudray, 41 Duffy, Father, 36 Duffy, Rev. J. Fr., 355 Duffy, Father Patrick, 79 Duffy, Rev. M., 626 X)uggan, Rev. Major Charles, 94, 169, 417 Duggan, Rev. D. J., 176 Duggan, Rev. J., 181 Duggan, Rev. D. D., 392 Duke of Genoa, 157, 160 Duke of York, patent to, 4 Duchess of Genoa, 160 Dutch, The, 3 Duckglischel, Rev. Henry, 413 Dulaneys, The, 56 Dunn, Rev. Wm. V., 233, 328 Dunn, Rev. J. C, 328, 417 Dunn, Thomas, 19 Dunn, Hugh, 6 Dunphy, Rev. Wm,, 124 Duportail, 41 Durning, Rev. Daniel G., 71 Durthaller, Father S. J., 167 Donoghue, Rev. Jeremiah, 94 Dooley, Rev. J. A., 525 Donahue, Father, 36, 122 Donaghoe, Rev. Francis, 108, 116 Don Rachel, 14 Dominick, Rev. (C. P.) , 406 Dongan, Colonel, 65 Dominican Sisters, 433, 434 Dominic, V. Rev., 242 Dornin, Rev. Wm. H., in, 409 Douglass, Wm., 8 Douglass, Benj., 205 Dolweck, Rev. Bernardine, 350 DrLimmer Boy, a Mon^iment, 45 Dr. Elsi, Rev. Michael, 383 Dover, 53, 193 Downes, Rev. Patrick F., 94, 192, 510 Downes, Rev. Michael Fr., 370, 378, 411, 435 Dwyer, Rev. Wm., 365, 382 E Earl of Limerick, 5 Earl Palatinate, 3 Eberhard, Rev. Aug., 441 Echo Lake, 108 Ecke, Rev. Cornelius, O.S.B., 413 Edict of Nantes, 18 Egg Harbor, 58 Egg Harbor City, 15, 397 Egan, Rev. E. J,, 516 Egan, Rev. Andrew M., 250, 326, 351 Eagan, Rt. Rev. Michael, 61 Elert, Rev. C, S.P.M., 383 Elizabeth, Queen, 2 Elizabeth, St., Convent, 591 Elizabeth's, St., Academy, 593 Elizabeth, 49, 53, 356, 413 Elizabeth's Kil, 9 Elizabethtown , 6, 24, 141 Elison, Rev. Conrad, 235 Emigration to America, 42 Emigration, Irish, 14 England, Bishop, 109 Englewood, 396, 636 English neighborhood, 154 English claim, 2 Esser, Rev. Joseph, 397, 407 Esmond, Father S. J., 270 Esper, Rev. Nicholas, 352 Fanaticism, 29 Farrelly, Patrick, 422, 573, 574 Farrell, Rev. Eugene, 112, 227, 355. 364, 37°. 410 INDEX 685 Faulkner, Mr., 220 Falconio, Most Rev., 462 Farmer, Father Ferdinand, 24, 28, 31, 40, 46, 48, 52, 53, 13s, 214 Fathers, Passionist, 405 Fen wick, John, 7 Fenwick, Bishop, 97 Ferguson, Rev. J. B., 367 Felder, Rev. Valentine, O.S.B., 137 Fedigan, Rev. J. J., O.S.A., 332 Ferrall, Rev. Francis, log, 112 Fehlings, Rev. Henry, 365 Fisher, Rev. D. J., 166, 219, 236, 249 Fitzpatrick, Rev. G. I., 474 Fitzpatrick, Bishop, 273 Fitzpatrick, Rev. B., 410 Fitzgerald, General, 41 Fitzgerald, 43 Fitzgerald, Rev. Wm. J., 365 Fitzsimmons, Rev. P., 194, 335 Fitzsimmons, Thomas, 53 Fitzsimmons, John, 529 First Amendment, 55 First Catholics in New York, 48 First white child, g Finnegan, Rev. H. B., 195 Fink, Rev. L., 255 Fink, Rev. Louis, O.S.B., 352 Five Corners, 158 Fleming, Rev. W. M., 100, 403, 447, 4SS. 542 Fleming, Rev. Walter M. A., 472, 473 Fleming, Rev. Hugh P., 323 Flynn, Rev. Joseph M., 225, 410 574 Flood, Father, 250 Fogarty, James, 362 Fort Orange, Catholic Soldiers at 5 Fort James, Catholic Chapel at, 6 Fort Lee, 154, 368 Foley, Rev. Wm. J., 410 Formative Period, The, 52 Ford, Rev. John, 233 Fordham, St. John's College, 107 Fox, Rev. John W. (S.J.), 100 Fox, Rev. John H., 351, 354, 387, 390. S13. 516 Freeman's Journal, 264, 301 Freeman, Rev. N. M., 368, 515 Frey, Rev. Adalbert, 256 Freehold, 324 French Catholic families, 43 French families, 50 French Catholics, 18 French Fathers, 36 French refugees, 49 French, Rev. Chas., D.O.P., 108 Frewin, Rev. J., 437 Friends of the Liberalists, 20 Franzoni, Cardmal, 116 Franklin Furnace, 316 Franciscans, 109, 235, 256, 370,. 389, 451, 460, 461 Franciscan Sisters, 437 Funke, Rev. G., 193, 194, 374, 437 Furgler, Francis, 30 Franciscan College, Trenton, 451 Franklyn, Pres., 291 Funerals, 486 Gates, Thomas, 2 Garvey, Rev. Dr., 371 Galway, 2 Gallagher, Rev. Michael, O.S.A., 330 Gaston, Judge Wm., 185 Gardner, Rev. P. H., 324 Gage, Rev. Charles, S.J., 6 Gahr, Rev. Eberhard, O.S.B., 138 Gaudentius, Father, 241 Gallows Hill, 29 Gambosville, Rev. Louis, 74, 192 Gammell, Rev. John, 362, 383, 395 Geaghan, Rev. D., 124 Gessner, Rev. Martin, 234, 357, 364, ^ 381, 392 German Catholics, 52, 257, 281 German churches ,281 Genevieve, Mother, 362 German priests , 281 Geisler, Rev. Aug., 256 Gervais, Father, 305, 306 Gerber, Rev. Francis, D.D., 235 Geigers, 31 Geigers, Matthew, 52 George IL, Ordinance of,. 2 8 Geoghen, Father, 61 German question in U. S., 486 Gervais, Rev. J. M., 635 Geyerstanger, Rev. Charles, O.S.B., 136 Gillespie, Mr., 36 Gillespie, Michael, 75 Giese, Rev. Chas., 197, 365, 382 Gibbons, Cardinal, 246 Gillin, Rev. C. P., 402, 404, 521 Giraud, Rev. John M., 394, 400, 446 Gilbert, Humphrey, 2 Gilbert, Richard, 2 Gillick, Rev. Peter, no Gillick, Rev. Philip, 112 Girard, Stephen, 58 Gist, 56 Glennan, Rev. M. L., 468, 533 Gloucester, 194 Gmeiner, Rev. J., 234 Gonzaga, Sister, 239 Goth, 2 Goth, Rev. Theo., O.S.B., 138, 350, 353. 412 686 INDEX Goodman, Rev. R., O.S.B., 412 Goshenhoppen , 30 ■Goshenhoppen Records, 315 Grady, Rev. W. F., 328 Greenwood Lake, 53 Greenville, 106, 365 Greiff, Rev. J. N., 256, 352, 378, 522 Grifien, Rev. J. J., 360 Guttenberg, 107, 393 Green, Arthur, 154 Graham, Rev. John A., 324, 41S Graessl, Father, 59 Greater, Father, 22 et seqq. Gray Nuns, 231, 632 Grover, James, 155 Gruber, Rev. Jos., 532 Guadeloupe, 18, 49 Guth, Rev. Francis, 115, 254 H Hackensack, 371, 538 Haeber, Rev. A., 413 Hagan, Rev. J. H., 627 Hall, Rev. J. J., 404, 529 Hallo'ran, Rev. S., 410 Hamill, Robert, 88 Hamilton, Alexander, 53 Hampton Junction, 367 Hampton, Jonathan, 52 Hanahan, Thos., 2 Hangley, Rev. J. B., 403 Hanley, Rev. J., 193, 360, 408 Hannigan, Rev. J. N., 195 Hardy, Geo. E., 444 Harding, Rev. R. B., 24, 31, 321 Hargous, Peter, 234 Harkins, Father, 206 Harold, Rev. P. J., 239 Harold, Rev. W. V., 61 Harpers, The, 56 Harper, Rev. J., S.J., 100 Harvey, Rev. Thomas, S.J., 6 Harrison, Rev. H., 6 Harrison, 255, 257 Hospital, First Catholic, 590 Hasel, Rev. J., 352 Hart, Rev. P., 124 Hater, Rev. J., 411 Hater, Rev. B., 367 Haviland, Rev. A., 179 Hartlaub, Rev., 255, 257 Hasslinger, Rev. M., 137, 329 Haycock, 18 Hayes, Patrick, 447 Hayluke, Richard, 2 Hayman, Rev. J., 364 Healey, Rev. T. B., 238 Hecchinger, Hehl, Rev. B., 352 Heberman, Charles G., 9; on Ca- hensleyism, 491 Hecker, Father, 160 Heckinger, Rev. A., 367, 397 Hedges, Rev. S., 417 Hegele, Rev. P. B., 138, 150 Hendricks, Rev. J. H., 383 Hennessy, Rev. P., 107, 313, 338, 357. 410 ^, Hens, Rev. N., 194, 256, 378, 512 Henke, Rev. P., 413 Hennes, Rev. J. H., 411, 539 Henwood, Harold, 344, 422 Hermit of Mt. Holly, 30 Herrard, Rev. M., 71, 115 Herries, Wra., 2 Hetzinger, Rev. P. E., 135 Hibernia, 370 Hickey, Rev. E. H., 322 Hickey, Rev. M., 328, 404 Hill, Rev. J. H., 320, 395, 404, 410, 446 Hintenach, Rev. A., 413 Hlebik, Rev. J., 532 Hoboken, 36, 63, 150 Hoebuck's Ferry, 63 Hoeg, Rev. L., 219 Hofschneider, Rev. L., 412, 534 Hogan , Rev. J . , 1 1 1 , 112 Hogan, Rev. T., 312, 374, 377, 458 Hohokus, 378 Holland, Rev. M. J., 69, 209, 339, 385, 401, 446 Hood, Father, 250 Hopkins, Rev. J. T., 367 Horgan, S. H., 573 Hospital, All Souls, 223 St. James, 634 Home for the Aged, 629 House of the Good Shepherd, 427, 628 Hornblower, Chief Justice, 25 Hostlot, Mons., Letters, 477 Howard, J. E., 56 Howell, Rev. I. P., 142, 186, 215, 236 Hoyt, Rev. William, 616 Huber, Rev. P., 137 Hurage, 50 Hurley, Rev. M., 60, 233, 265 Huguenots, 18, 50 Hundridges, 18 Huygens, Rev. J. A., 352, 369, 407 Hymn of St. Ambrose, 313 Hubbersty, Rev. R., 322 Huber, Rev. P., 137 Hudson, 3 Hudson Co. Cath. cemeteries, 430 Hughes, Most Rev. John, 81, 83, 92, 93, 97, 107, 116, 119, 127, 228 239, 240, 248, 262, 266, 587 Hulsebusch, Rev. R., 352, 453 Huygens, Rev. G., 475 INDEX 687 Institute of Young Men, 204 Indians, 3 Indian trails, 24 Intolerance, 8 Inscription on Michael Kearney's tomb, 10 Irish Exiles, 14 Irish, The, 52 Irish women sold as slaves, 16 Iron furnaces, 30 Irish Lott, 9 Irish soldiers in France , 1 4 Irish in Continental Army, 41 Irish Protestants, 254 Ires, GuUiernio, 2 Issa, Rev. Geo., 523 Jacketti, Rev. Peter, 235, 450, 531 Jamesburg, 324 James II., King, 2,11 James, Duke of York, 7 Jarvis, Rev. Samuel, 270 Jay, John, 40 Jefferson, Thomas, 55 Jego, Father, 134 Jersey City, Early history of Catholicity (Rev. John McGui- gan) ,101 Jesuit Fathers, 16 Jockey Hollow Road, 53 Joch, Rev. J., 632 Jogues, Father, 5 Jerome, Mother, 592 Joseph, Sister Mary, 592 Joseph, St., Academy, 623 Joslin, Rev. Titus, in Joubert, 50 Jourdan, Prof., 621 Jugan, Jeanne, 629 Julian, Rev. P., 417, 474 Justin, Rev., O.S.F., 378 Jersey City, 16, 63, 96, loi, 343, 362, 404, 407, 410, 420 Kaeder, Rev. Mauritius, 236, 353, 412 Kammer, Rev. A. M., 319, 395, 519. 532 Kane, Rev. Michael E., 146, 247 Kars, Rev. Egbert, 196 Katen, Father, 32 Kayser, Rev. John Baptist, 413 Keams, Wm. J., 573 Kearney, Michael, 9, 10 Kearney, Bernard, 211 Kearney's School, 212 Keenahan, Rev. J. F., 403 Kelly, R. E., S.P.M., 383 Kelly, John, 6 Kelly, James, 6 Kelly, Smith, 14 Kelly, James E., 43 Kelly, Rev. John, 92, 97, 103, 106, 123, 151. 336. 380 Kelly, Rev. E. A., 379, 402, 410, Kelly, Rev. Charles J., LL.D., 172, 364, 474 Kelly, Rev. D. S., 234 Kelly, Rev. John, 247, 345, 357, 362 Kelly, John A., 279 Kelly, Rev. Peter J., 324, 362 Kelly, Rev. James A., 411 Kempen, Rev. Angelus, 167, 365 Kennebec River, 2 Kennedy, John J., 216, 368 Kenny, Rev. James, 103 Kenny, Rev. Patrick, 97, 116, 321 Kenny, Rev. Hugh, 233, 312 Kenny, Michael, 211 Kwiatkowski, Father, 519 Kenrick, Rt. Rev. Bishop, 179, 194, 356 Keogh, Rev. James, 417, 474 Kerrigan, James, 152, 240 Kerrigan, John, 156 Keman, Rev. Thomas J., 328, 540 Kerwan, Rev. M. J., 446, 394 Kettner, Rev. P. Lahibert, O.S.B., 138, 35° Keyes, Rev. W. A., 410 Kerins, Father, 367 Keyport, 459 Kidnapper, 16 Kiernan, Father, 236, 249, 321 Killahy. Rev. M. L., 375 Killeen, Rev. Thomas M., 70, 247, .350. 358, 364 Kilpatrick, Gen. Judson, 319 Kingsland, 581 King's Farm, 6 King Joseph, 178 King Louis of Bavaria, 235 King of Sardinia, Charles Felix, 157 Kirwin, Rev. M. J., 371 Kirwan, Rev. P. F., 403 Kirby, William, 52 Kivlitz, Rev. Frederick; 324 Knez, Father, 38 Klawiter, Rev. A., 535 Kleppe, Brother, 630 Knickerbockers, Early, 3 Koch, Father, 461 Kohlman, Rev. S. J., 108 Kosciusko, 41 Kraus, Rev. Dominic, 107, 380, 623 Kruse, Rev. Henry, 413, 524, 626 Kresgel, Rev., 32, Kurtz, Rev. Peter, 352, 380 Kukowski, Rev., 519 688 INDEX Lane, Rev. Hugh, 175, 179, 312, 321 Lang, Rev. Charles C. P., 246 Lakewood, 237 Lafayette, 41, 141 Lambert, Rev. J. E., 539 Lartigue, Bishop, 92 La Prarire, 6 Lariscy, Rev. Philip, 60, 75 La Rue, 50 Laferty, Ruth, 19 Law, The, of 1698, 12 Laws, Adverse to Catholics, 5 Laws of the Duke of York, 5 Laws against Catholics in Virginia, 16 Laws of First Proprietors, 17 Lavey, Rev. M. J., 124 Langdill, Rev. Arthur, 75 Labadie, 9 Labuzinski, Rev. C, 535 Lawrence, Rev. John W., 124 Leahy, Rev. Walter T., 342 Le Chaudronnier, 9 Lejoy, 50 Lee, Rev. Th., 367, 377 L'Homme, 50 Lehner, Rev. Francis, 437, 451 Lemke, Rev. Henry, O.S.B., i8g, 257 Leonard, Rev. Patrick, 74, 175, 367,466 Leone, Rev., 383 Levins, Rev. Thos. C, 90 Lerche, Rev., 351 Leacy, Rev. Wm., 124 Leimgruber, Rev. W., 256 Leisler's "Usurpation, 6, 8, 19 Letters of Bayley, Bishop, 282, 424 Liberty of Conscience, 5 Lill, Rev. Peter, 367, 380 Lingard, Dr., 14 Lilla, Rev. Vitalian, 394 Luther, i Littell, Mrs., 32 Livingston, 54 Lodi, 324 London Adventurers, Company of, 2 Locke, Mr. Jesse Albert, 272, 572 „ . Lomitz, Maurice, 52 Lockwood ,211 Long Pond, 31 Loughlin, Rt. Rev. John, 91, 252 Loughlin, Rev. W., 321 Lyon, Rev. Stephen M,, 181 Lynch, Rev. Wm. H., 181 Lyman, Dr., 209 Lynch, Bishop, 245 M Mackel, Rev. C, 100, 347, 356 Mackinson, Rev. J. A., 358, 541 Mackin, Rev. John, 61, 174, 234 Macopin, 108 Madden, Rev. M. A., 119, 122, 218, 247, 252, 254, 272, 370, 609 Madison, James, 57 Madison, 49, 53, 115, 310 Madrano, Rev. Yldephonsus, 91, 126, 143 Maher, Rev. P. A., 364 Maher, Rev. J. J., 371, 403 Mahoney, Sarah, 161 Mahon, Mrs. Peter, 161 Maguire, Rev. T., 126, 135 Maguire, Rev. Terence, 435 Malnix, Father, 32 Malone, Rev. S., 336 Maloney, Thomas, 574 Malou, Pierre, 50 Malou, John Baptist, 50 Manahan, Rev. A., 79, 116 Manchester, 470 Manhattan Island, 3, 4. Maroney, Rev. J., 362 Maroney, Edw., 447 Matthew, Father, 195 Margaret, Mother, 588 Marshall, Father, 236 Marshall, Rev. J. A., 353 Martens, The, 56 Martens, Father, 167 Martinelli, Archbishop, 246 Marshall, Rev. Wm. F., 613, 620 Masnicki, Rev. V,, 535 Mauser, Rev. P. B., 138. Martinique, 18, 49 Mary Xavier, Mother, 587 Mary Margaret Dufrost de La- gemmerais, 632 Mary Catherine, Sister, 274, sSje Mary Agnes, Sister, 239 Maryland Colony, 16 Marzetti, Rev. D., 437, 537 Mazziotta, Father, 523 Mayer, Rev. P. L., 138 Meagher, Rev. J. R., 454 Mechtilde, Mother, 627 Medaille, Rev. J., 636 Meehan, Peter, 156 Mehegan, Mother M. Xavier, 274 Menau, 38 Mendham, 355 Mendl, Rev. J., 307, 310, 397 Metropolitan, The, 211 Metuchen, 417 Messmer, Most Rev. S. B., 307, 310, 330. 397. 414, 455. 528, 495. 496 Miller, Rev. W. H., 124, 515 Miller, Rev. J. A., 321, 413, 461 Miller, Mrs. Chas., 392 INDEX 689 Millstone, 236 Millville, 364 Minisink, 19 Misdziol, Father, 189, 355, 412, 438, 440 Mischnowski, Rev. A,, 518 Molly Pitcher, 44 MoUoy, Rev. N., 400 Mollyneaux, Father, 40 Monahan, Rev. T, F., 411 Monahan, Mr., 154 Monastery, St. Michael's, 240 Monk, Maria, 205 Monmouth, Woods of, 3 Montalembert, 262 MontagLie, 316 Montclair, 309 Mooney, Rev. J. T., 364, 377, 521, , 538, S4I Mooney, Mgr. , 250 Moore, Nicholas, 634 Moosmueller, Rev. O., 137 Moran, Rev. Thomas R., 186, 324 Moran, Very Rev. P., V.G., 109, 143. 213, 272, 399, 608 Moran, Rev. Michael, 103 Moran, Rev. James, 74, 333 Moore, Mr., 307 Morelli, Rev. F., 538 Moriarty , Very Rev . Patrick ,0 . S .A . , 180 Morris, Rev. John P., 87, 249, 364, 45? Morris County , 3 1 Morris Plains, 225 Morrogh, Dr., 431 Morristown, 46, 47, 225, 313 Morris ville, 470 Mother M. Aveline, 627 Mount St. Dominic's Academy, 626 Mount Hope, 31, 53, 403 Mount Pleasant, 53 Mount Holly, 58, 312 Mount St. Vincent's, 274 Moylan, General, 41 Moynihan, V. Rev. J. C, 411 Mt. St. Mary's, 98 Mulhall, Rev. James J., 233, 321, 401 Mueller, Rev. Ruppert, 453 Mulligan, Very Rev. Bernard J., 134, 335, 355. 360, 392, 515, 516 Mueller, Rev. George H., 259, 356 Mull, Rev. C, 379, 380, 416, 529 Muller, Father, 38 Muller, Rev. Anton, 235 Mullowney, Capt., 45 Mullowney, John, 44 Mundorf, Rev. C, 437 Mumane , Very Re v . Benedict , C . P . , 243 Murray, Rev. John E., 279, 362, 529 44 Murray, Rev. James, 322 Murphy, Rev. John J., 112, 375, 410. 524 Murphy, Rev. James, 103 Murphy, Rev. Francis, 250, 443 Murphy, Rev. William, 410 Murphy, Rev. Henry, 403 McArdle, Rev. Bernard 90, no, 112, 124 McAvoy, Rev. J. E., 403 McAnerney, Mr. John, 422 McBride, John, 19 McCabe, Rev. Bernard, 112 McCaffrey, Rev. John, 261 McCahiU, Rev. P., 411 McCarthy, Rev. Patrick, 128, 187 McCarthy, Rev. Pierce, 193, 369, 374. 609 McCarthy, Rev. Daniel F., 255, 374, 5°9 McCartie, Rev. D., 364, 466, 613 McCarren, Rev. Patrick, 324 McCloskey, Cardinal, 51, 265, 273, 386, 419, 426, 429, 476 McCosker, Rev. Edward, 188, 316 McConkey, 46 McCormick, Patrick, 125 McCoriston, Rev. M. C, 368 McCormack, Rev. Thos. J., 196 McCormick, Rev. Jos. P. A., Ph.D., 100 McCormack, Rev. J. P. M., 250, 417. 475 McCullough, Rev. John J., S.P.M., , 239. 383 „ McDermott, Rev. John, 180, 233, 339 McDonnell, Rt. Rev. C, 465 McDonough, Rev. J., 88, 236, 248' McDowell, Rev. H., 245 McDowell, Rev. Jos. W., D.C.L., 122, 366 MacDonald, Rev. P., 411 McDonald, Rev. Mathew, S.J., 100 McDonald, Rev. Theo. J., O.C.C, 396, 397 McEvoy, Rev. Michael, O.M.C., 437 McEvoy, Rev. J. E., 456 McErlain, Rev. J. C, 411 McEnery, Rev. T., 627 McFaul, Rt. Rev. James A., 95, 176, 201, 239, 335, 343, 353, 361, 376, 3^3, 386, 388, 411, 450, 617, 623 McFarland, Rt. Rev. F. P., 244 McGeogehan, Abbe, 14 McGauran, Rev. P., 410 McGeary, Rev. Jno., 250, 411 McGinley, Rt. Rev., 526, 527 McGlynn, Rev. Dr., 242 McGahan, Rev. Patrick A., 312, 403, 410, 417 McGahan, Rev. James J., 373 690 INDEX McGorien, Rev. Daniel, 174 McGovem, "Tom," 211 McGovem, Rev. P., 221, 358, 459 McGorgan, Rev. Andrew, C.P., 394 McGuire, Rev. Hugh, 135 McGuinness, Rev. M. F., 364 McGuire, Father, 91, 122 McGuire, James, 574, 626 McGuirk, Rev. Michael J., 328, 54.1 McGrath, Rev. John J., 410 McGuigan, Mr. John, 108 McHale, Rev. John M., 328, 404 McKeman, Rev. James, 18 r, 364, 374, 515 McKee, Rev., 360 McKcever, Rev. J. J., 528 McKcon, Catherine, 152 McKay, Rev. James, 317, 322 McLoughlin, Rev. Wm. T., 87, 364, McLoughlin, Rev. W. T., 525 McMahon, Rev. James, 87, 118 McMahon, Rev. Hyacinth, O.M.C., 437 McMahon, Philip, 279 McMahon, Father, 317 McMahon, Rev. G., 83, 364 McMaster, James, 301 McManus, Rev. M. A., 320, 370, 401, 536 McMenamin, Rev. Neal, 362, 367, 410 McManus, Rev. Daniel, 112 McManus, Rev. Hugh, 313, 411 McManus, Rev. James. 540 McNulty, Very Rev. W., 38, 85, 219, 311. 378, 3SS, 434, 478, 5" McQuaid, Rt. Rev. B. J., 301, 302, 330, 334, 355, 373, 398, 416 McQuaid, Rt. Rev. B. J., 102, 118, 190, 194, 228, 244, 251, 253, 292, 306, 478, 605, 607, 609 McQuaid, Rev. John, S.J., 100 McQuade, Rev. Paul, 67, 68 McQuade, Father Chaplain, 204 McSweeney, Dr., 245 McShane, Rev. J. F., O.S.A., 332 McTeague Rev., Fathers of Mercy, 382 N Narration of Critical History, 2 Nagel, C. S. S. R., Father, 255, 256 Nagel, Rev. J., 256 Nagel, Rev. Vincent, C.P., 357, 405 Nassau, Port, 3 Nardiello, Rev. J. M., Neligan, Rev. Dr., 153, 209 Nelson's History, 86 Neiderhauser, Father, 106, 357, 365 Nidermayer, Rev. G., 453 Negro instirrection, 43 Negro plot, 22 Neumann, Bishop, 234, 588 Nevins, Rev. F., 378 Newell, Rev. Richard, 115 Newman School, 372 Newton, 52 Newbie, Mark, 10 New Albion , 3 New Amsterdam, 3 New Brunswick, 18, 515 New Brunswick, St. Peter's, 88 New England States, 2 Newsboys' Lodging House, 433 New Hampshire, 55 New Jersey , 3 New Milford, 585 New York , 5 5 New York Boat, 126 Nolan, Rev. T., 124, 533, 626 Nolan, Rev. James, 377 Noonan, Wm., 574 Norris, Rev. J. W., 368, 533 Noguet, Mr., 157 Nostrajanni, Rev. Nilus, C.P., 394 Nova Caesaria, 4, 17 North Carolina, 55 Nugent, Rev. A., 48 O Oath of Civil and Military Officers, 28 Obach, Rev. I.,C.P., 394 O'Bercamp, M. L'Abbe, 235 O'Brien, 19 O'Brien, Daniel, 20 O'Brien, Matthew, 208 O'Brien, Rev. J., 364 O'Brien, Rev. Wm., 48, 53 O'Callaghan, Father, 272 O'Connor, Rev. M. P., 375, 401, 5 15 O'Connor, Rev. Martin, 74 • O'Connor, Rev. Charles, 375 O'Connor, Rev. Roger, 179 O'Connor, Rt. Rev. J. J. F., iii, 339, 346, 348, 35°, 364, 381, 396, 397, 400, 439. 455, 498, 574, 613, 614, 617, 625, 627 O'Connor, Bishop of Pittsburg, O'Connor, Rev. Timothy, C.P., 357 O'Connor, Rev. John R., 239 O'Connor, Rev. Thomas, C.P._^^7 O'Connor, Rt. Rev. Michael "d.1^.'. 245 O'Connell, Rev. Bernard T., 354, 362, 390, 513 O'Donoghue, Rev. Francis, 78 O 'Donahue, Father, 215 O'Donahue, Rev. Jeremiah, 179 O'Donnell, Rev. E. M., 403 O'Donnell, Rev. M. C, 459 O'Donnell, Rev. James J., 186, 324 O'Donnell, Rev. Peter, 371, 399 INDEX 691 O'Farrell, Bishop, 62, 94, 123, 124, 235. 238, 239. 332, 342. 351. 354, 360, 361, 382, 386, 388, 389, 390, 478. S33i 516, 623 O'Farrell, Father, 393 O'Farrell, Rev. R. J., 124 O'Gorman, Father, 36, 328, 411 O'Gorman, Dr. Wm., 621 O'Grady, Rev. John A., 94, 192 O'Grady, Mgr. J. A., 116, 515 O'Grady, Esther, 211 O'Hara, Bishop of Scranton, 214, 245 O'Hara, Rev. Wm., 178 O'Hanlon, Rev. Thomas, 515 O'Keefe, Rev. E., 364 Old Independence Boat, 126 O'Leary, Rev. John, 360 O'Malley, Rev. R., 377 O'Malley, Rev. E. M., 401, 403 O'Neill, Rev. G. D., 449 O'Neill, Rev. Francis, 147, 368 395. 446 O'Neill, Rev. Charles, 88 O'Reilly, Father, 38 O'Reilly, Bishop, 90, 97 O'Reilly, Rev. J., 410 O'Reilly, Rev. Philip, 81 Orange Lodges, 206 O'Reilly, Rev. C. J., 360 O'Reilly, Rev. Michael, 390, 513 O'Shea, Rev. Thomas, 328 Orem, Rev. Wm., 475 Paci, Ippolite Nicholas, 152 Pacetti, Rev. Timothy, C.P., 394, 406 Palisades, 3 Paganini, Rev., 397 Pardow, Rev. Gregory Bryan, 68 Paff, Rev. Hugo, O.S.B., 350, 412 Parker, Wm., 2 Parezyck, Rev. Stanislaus, Pas- sionist, 394 Pastoral Letters of Rt. Rev. Roose- velt Bayley, 288 Park Ridge, 522 Passionists, 107, 287, 352, 357, 365, 394, 404 Passaic, St. Mary's Hospital, 328 Paterson, 7 Paterson, First Mass in, 36 Passaic, 326 Patrick Pence, 10 Patent of Virginia, 2 Patent of Charles II., 4 Patent of Duke of York, 4 Pattle, Rev. Secundino, 180, 340 Paulus Hook, 63 Paulists, 394 Peace of Westminster, 7 Pennington, 235 Peetzburg, 585 Pennsylvania, 52 Pennell, Chas. H., 443, 444 Penal Laws against Catholics, 12 Perth Amboy, 578 Perth Amboy, St. Mary's, 124 Per6, Rev. Joseph, 116 Perrotti, Rev. J., 538 Peters, Mrs. Sarah, 622 Petri, Rev. P., 393 Petty, The famine in Ireland, 13 Petri, Rev. P. J., 332 Phelan, John, 88 Phelan, Rev. H. C, D.D., 401 Phoebe (Steamer) ,126 Philadelphia, 58 Philadelphia, First Mass in, 22 Philipsburg^ 359 Pfraengle, Rev. Hilary, O.S.B., 139 Pychowska, Lucia, 161 Pilz, Rev. Gerard, O.S.B., 138 Pilgrimage, First Catholics from U. S., 422, 490 Pindar, Dennis, 98 Pinckney, Charles, 55 Pinckneys, The, 56 Pise, Rev. Dr., Pius IX., 159, 244, 373 Pope Pius X., 348 Plainfield, 248 Plowden, Thomas, 3 Plowden, George, 3 Plowden 's claim, 4 Plowden, Sir Edmund, 3 Plowman, Matthew, 11 Pleasant Valley, 154 Pleasant-Mills, 321 Poels, Rev. J. P., 74, 192, 193, 355 Pointe St. Charles, Montreal, 633 Porcile, Rev. E., S.P.M., 382 Pompton, 7 Polish Catholic, 535 Popham, George, 2 Population of Ireland, 13 Pothier, 50 Pottery industr>-, 20 Power, Rev. Dr. John, 49, 69, Sq, 103, 108, 260 Pozzi, Rev. Louis, 383 Prayer of Columbtts, i Preston, Very Rev. Mgr., 302, 612 Presbyterians and the Constitution, 42 Prendergast, Rev. James, 362 Princeton, 50 Priest, First in New Jersey, 24 Prieth, Rev. G. , 329, 380, 451 Proprietors of New Jersey, 4 Propagation of Faith, 281 Protectory, Catholic, 484 Provincial Council, 53 Provincial Assembly, 5 692 INDEX Protector, i Purcell, Archbishop, 588 Purcell, Rev. Walter, 474, 626 Quakers, 13 Quarter, Rev. Walter J., 97, 103, 105, 150, 151 Queen Anne Spirit of Intolerance, 21 Quinn, Rev. Thos., 82, 107, 128, 187 Quinlan, Rev. A. T., 324 Quinn, Rev. James, 82 Quinn, Father, 38 Quinn, Rev. Thos., 374, 407, 410, 438 Quinn, Rev. B. A., 193, 369, 403 Quirk, Rev. E. F., 324 Rogers, Father John, 91, 95. 97, 122, 128, 151, 216, 236 Rolando, Rev. Joseph, 121, 255, _, 321. 342, 371 RoUand, Rev. Claude, 135, 367 Rosenberger, Rev. Thomas, O.S.B., 350 Rosse, Rev. A., CM., 179 Rossiter, Rev. Alphonse, 87 Roselle, 443 Rosseter, Rev. John, 59 Roosevelt, James, 301 Roundhead, 2 Runyon, Gen. Theodore, 635 Russia, 51 Rudder, Rev. T., 237, 362 Rvissell , 1 1 Ryan, Rev. Joseph A., 239 Ryan, Archbishop, 62 Ryan, Rev. L. H., 410 Ryan, Rev. John F., 409, 540 Rabanus, Rev. P. H., O.S.B., 412 Raffeiner, Rev. John S., 38, 135, 188, 189 RafEerty, Rev. P., 71 Raleigh, Walter, 2 Raritan, 236 Ratisbonne, Rev. M. Alphonse, 116 Raybaudi, Rev. Fr., 364 Rathner, Rev. Joseph, D.D., 236 Rahway, 411 Reardon, Father, 134, 359 Read, William G., 57 Rectors, Permanent, 4S9 Redemptorists , 14, 109, 255, 256, 392 Reform School, 422 Red Bank, 247 Reilly, Rev. Peter E., 367, 439, 405 Reilly, Rev. Chas. U., 444, 445 Rese, Bishop, 280 Richtartsick, Rev. E. F., 532 Revere, Gen. Joseph Warren, 231 Reuland, Rev. John, 352 Revolutionary Period, 31 Reynolds, Rev. James A., 248 Rheiner, Rev. A., O.M.C., 532. Rhode Island, 55 Riordan, Archbishop, 369 Rights of subjects in East New Jersey, 12 Richmond, Rev. W. J., 580 Ringwood, 31, 52 Road in West Jersey, 26 Robb, Mr., 195 Rockaway, 369 Rochambeau ,41, 59 Rochford, Father, O.P., 454 Roche de Termay, 41 Roche, Rev. Thomas A., 471 Sacred Heart Union, Beginning of, 43° Sacred Heart College, 382 Salem City, N. J., 3 Salem, 52 Salar}' of Priests, 485 Salavm, Rev. John Francis, 247, 350, 449, 455, 529 Salt, Very Rev. Wm., V.G., 485, 490, 610, 617 Salt-making, 7 Sartori, John D., 61 Saponio, Rev. A., 538 SatoUi, Most Rev. Francis, 248, 540 San Domingo massacre, 18 San Domingo, 49 Sandy Hook, 3 Sandy Hook, Fort Hancock, 350 Santee, 56 SattoUi, Cardinal, School Bill, 499 Scammon, General, 618 Schandel, Rev. J. J., 83, 109, 189, 236, 256, 326, 365, 412, 437, 615 Schervier, Mother Frances, 622 Sciolla, Rev. Vincent, 523 Schneider, Rev. Louis, 52, 254, 327; 346, 403. 608 Schneider, Father Theodore , 30, 31, 352 Schotthoefer, Rev. Conrad, D.D., ^93, 367, 437. 537. 538_ ;herer. Re Scherer, Rev. Polycarp, O.S.B., 139 Schuyler, Arent, 6 Schaeken, Rev. A. M'H., 365, 370, 401, 512 Schneller, Father Joseph , 90 Schulte, Rev. E. F., 367 Schmidt, H., 451 School, classical, 6 INDEX 693 School bill, text, 499 School bill, letters, 503, 504 Schools, parochial, support, 498 School, public system, 504 Schools, public, act of establish- ment, 506 Schoenen, Rev. P. M., 403, 536 ScoUard, Rev. John, 182, 324 Schaff, Dr., SS Schrick, Susanna Maria, 7 Scotch- Irish, 52 Sebastian, Father C. R., 405 Seeholzin, John Philip, 59 Seabright, 516 Seton, Archbishop, 244, 245, 338, 405, 540, 609 Seton, Mother, 198 Seton Hall College, 279, 597, 618 Seton, Eliz. Bayley, 261 Seeber, Rev. Father, 528 Seidenbusch, Rev. Rupert, O.S.B., 137. 349 Seitz, Rev. P. Casimir, O.S.B., 138 Seminary, Diocesan, 485 Seminary for Young Ladies, 279 Seminary of Sacred Heart (Vine- land), 238 Sentiment at Salem City , 3 Sentiment on Manhattan Island, 3 Sentiment of Bergen, 3 ' Schoepen, Rev. A. M., 320 Shane's Castle, 27 Shanahan, Bishop, 62 Shanahan, Rev. John, 77 Shanahan, Father, 36 Shady Side, Church of the Sacred Heart, 446 Shannessy, Rev. John J., 410, 523, 524, 626 Shanley, John, 574 Shea, John Gilmarv, 60, 149, 486 Shoothofer, Rev. A. T,, 374 Short Hills, 251, 255 Sheridan, Rev. Stephen, 128 Sheehan, Rev. James J., 411, 536, 537 Sheeran, Kev. Jas., 222 Sheldon, Rev. Mr., of injvistice, 423 Sheehey, Rev. Jas. E., 238, 239, 410 Sheehey, Rev. Jas., S.P.M., 383 Sheppard, Rev. Jno. A., 194, 340, 345 Sheppard, Mgr., 87, 325, 328, 381 Senez, Rev. Louis D,, 83, 107, 116, 170, 190, 193, 198, 254, 321 Senez, Father, 270, 324, 326, 343, -^363 Seven Letters by Jas. Walsh. 150 Sibour, Archbishop, 305 Sisters of Charity, 86, 94, 103, iii, 226, 243, 255, 261, 310, 327, 344, 362. 371. 374, 377. 382. 384, 387, 391. 397. 404, 416, 587. 605, 636 Sisters of St. Joseph, 359 Sisters of Notre Dame, 234, 255, 330, 624 Sisters of Sorrowful Mother, 631 Sisters of Mercy, 123, 234, 237, 239, 354. 362, 390 Sister of St. Joseph of Peace, 635 Sisters of St. Francis, 235, 391, 395, 398, 63s Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis, Hoboken, 162, 622 Sisters of St. Dominic, 256, 413, 623 Sisters of Mercy, 623 Sister Shaunessy, 634 Sister Josephus, 605 Sister Mary Teresa, 592 Sister Mary Vincent, 592 Sluyter, Peter, 9 Slowey, Mr., 362 Smallwood. 56 Smits, Rev. A. J., O.C.C, 369, 396 Smith, Mr. Patrick, 112 Smith, Jas., Jr., 574 Smith, Mathew, 127 Smith, Rev. Jas. P., 112, 364, 406, 436, 443 Smith, James, Jr., 197 Smith, Carolina, 55 Smith, Rev. Chas. A., 364 Smith, Rev. Anthony, 50, 61, 383, Smith, Rev. Anthony, V.G., 123 Smith, Rev. J. J., 528 Smith, 56 Smith, Senator, 269 Smith, Bryan, 162 Smith, Rev. Sebastian, D.D., 187, 365. 401 Smith, Rev. John, 360 Smith, Rev. P. M., 518 Smythe, Very Rev. P. O., 121, 250, 339. 408, 410, 416, 442, 542 Steets, Father, 310 Slave-dealers, 13 Somers , Sir George , 2 South Amboy, 122 South Orange, 529 Soporno, Rev. A., 237 Soul-drivers, 14 Spierings, Rev. G. A., 459 Somerville, 236 Society of Mission Helpers, 388 Society of Jesus, 100 Society of St. Sulpice, 261 Sotis, Rev. Eusebius, C.P., 394, 446 Sotis, Rev. Nicholas E., 370 Sourin, Very Rev. Ed., I.V.G., 179 Sourin, Rev. E. J., 233 Spierings, Rev. G., 369 Springfield, 251 St. Peter's College Qersey City), 100 Spalding, Rev. Dr. Lancaster, 170 694 INDEX St. Cyr, Count de, 49 St. John (family name) , 50 St. Mary's Hospital (Hoboken), 106 Stage boat, 20 Staten Island, 53 Stanton, Rev. Th. N., 401 Staunton, Rev. Dr., 331 Starr, V. Rev. Wm., 184 Stecker, Rev. Alois, 330 Stein, Rev Anthony, 352, 512 Starr, Very Rev. Wm., 235, 449, 588 Stanislaus, Rev. Father, Passionist, 242 Stanislaus, St., Church, Polish, 534, S3S Stoughton, Don Thomas, 48 Stafford, Rt. Rev. J. A., 250, 364, 525. 621 Stockton, Atty.-Gen., 502 Sussex Court House , 5 2 Sussex County , 52, 315-31 Sullivan, Rev. J. A., 379 Sweeney, Rev. John J., 239 Swinarski, Rev. Valentine, 387 Synod of 1878, 430 Szabo, Rev. Avellino, 235, 390 Szabo, Rev. Julius, 579 Synod V., 485 Synod VI., 490 Synod VII., 506 Synod VIII., 506 Tarlatine, V. Rev. John D., 241, 242 Talbert, Father, 38 Tallon, James, 150, 151 Tallon,"R.ev. Walter, 321, 411 Tatham, John, 20 Tatham inventory , 2 1 Ter Woert, Rev. B. H., 107, 364, 517 Teissiers, 50 Te Deum Laudamus, i Test Act, 6 Thatcher, Dr. James, 46 Thebaud, Rev. Leo, 49, 146 Thistle and Crown, 20 Troy, Archbishop, 64 Tuite, Mr. J., 128 Tulane, 50 Turner, Rev. J. P., O.P., 454 Tamowski, Rev. Matthias, 389 Tenafly Church, 397 Treacy, Rev. Wm. P., 342 Trenton diocese created, 385, 513 Thompson , John , 2 o Thumes, Rev. Joseph, 235, 397 The Irish Tenth, 11 Tighe, Rev. John J., 192, 193, 362, 365. 376 Tillietudlum, 154 Tissorant, Rev. John S., 50, 142 Toomey, Rev. Thos. J., loo, 255, 399 Tories, The, 53 Tracey, M., 220 Trenton, 53 Triolo, R. J., 237 U Ury, Rev, John, 21 Union Hill, 107, 351, 525 V Valley Forge, 56 Vanquellen, Robert, 6 Vassallo, Rev. G. A., 364, 370, 416, 447 Varlo, Charles, 4 Varela, Very Rev. Felix, V.G., 90 Van Rensselaer, Rev., S. J., 311 Venuta, Rev. A., 106, 107, 208, 336, 410 Vianney, Rev. Peter, 49, 115 Victor, Father, C.P., 243 Viennet, 50 Vineland, 381, 578 Vinyard, Julia, 59 Virginia, 2, 55, 57 Virginia colonists, 17 Vogel, Father, 451 Vogel, Rev. Carl, 452 Von Schilgen, Rev. Albert, 258, 412 Viret, Rev. P., 365, 382, 392 Vincent, Rev. C. P., 352 Vincent, St., Foundling Asylum, 312 Von Riel, Anton, 398 W Warren County, 52 Walsh, Archbishop, 152 Walsh, Rev. Henry, 513 Ward, Father, 190, 390, 410 Ward Mansion, 274 Ward, Rev. S., 194 Waterford Township, 27 Waldron, Rev. E. S., 179, 194, 195, , 233, 333 Waas, Ignatius, 27 Waas, Sebastian, 27 Waas, Xavier, 27 Walter, Rev. Leonard, O.S.B., 138, 350 Walter, Rev. Wm., O.S.B., 138, 353 Washington's Richelieu, 42 Washington, Gen., 40 West Indies, 50 Weiss on immigration, 18 Westman, Rev. John, 250, 443 West Hoboken, 239 Wesley, John, 42 INDEX 695 Wigger, Rt. Rev. W. M., 88, 120, 121, 198, 246, 250, 253, 255, 311, 323. 346, 370, 37S, 376, 378, 407 412, 414, 435, 475, 480, 490, 494, 508, 509, 616, 624, 627, 630, 635 Williams, Roger, 56 Wiinmer, Archabbot Boniface O.S.B., 137 Wirts, The, 56, 364, 413 Weekly Register and Catholic Diary, 90 Webster, 53 Weldon, Mr. P. M., 242 Whippany, 9, 58, 325 Whelan, Rev. I ~ 511 P-. 225, 359, 434, White, Jonathan, 94, 446 White Meadow, 53 White, Bishop, 50, 59 White, Richard Grant, 58 White, Rev. Calvin, 58 White, Rev. M. J., 530 Whelan, Capt., 146 Whelan, Rev. Chas., 48 Wharton, Chas. Henry, D.D., 59 Whippany Mission, 225, 325 William's Army, 12 William and Mary, 11 Witches, The true, 29 Witchcraft, Salem, 12 Wingfield, Rev. Nicholas, 257 Wiseman, Rev. Wm. J., 195, 196, 244, 253. 441, S42 Winthrop, 56 Witts, 18 Wingfield, Edward Maria, 2 Wirzfield, Rev. M. M., 146, 356 Woodbridge, 6, 24, 53 Wright, Mr., 155 Welch, Rev. M. J., 377 Wirtzer, Rev. A., O.S.B., 412 Wenzel, Rev. P. A., 417, 528 Wiest, Rev. J. M., S.P.M., 383 Wendl, Rev. Jos. F., 365 Waters, Rev. R., 32 Wahl, Rev. Wm. F., 380 Westfield, 437 Weyland, Rev. J. A., 352, 522 Walsh, Rev. J. A,, 313, 393,447,449 Walsh, Rev. Samuel, 434 Walsh, Rev. S. J., 364 Wedman, Rev. Florian, O.S.B., 413 Wawayander, 316 Weehawken, 524 Westwood, 522 Wadhams, Bishop, 460 Wallace, Rev. T. A., 449 YoTing, Rev. Alfred, 182, 219, 324 Young, Rev. Joshua M., 108 Zardette, Bishop, 496 Zilliox, Abbot, 139 Zielmski, Rev. Julien, 389 Zimmer, Father, 236, 354 Zuingl, Rev. Joseph, S.J., 100 Zoeller, Rev. Alphonsus, D.D. O.M.C., 436 Cornell University Library BX 1415.N5F64 The Catholic church in New Jersey 3 1924 009 046 073