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 COLONIAL DATES 
 
 INTRODUCXION. 
 
 ^OR a number of years past I have been constantly engaged in studying the Colonial history of this country. For 
 convenience of reference I constructed a number of tables of dates. I found them almost a necessity, but they 
 increased so rapidly, and became at last so numerous, as to become cumbersome. I then concluded to arrange them all 
 together and to put them into print, and to arrange them both in chronological and in alphabetical form. Every effort 
 has been made to make them accurate, and it is hoped that they will prove useful to students of Colonial history. The 
 labor of preparing them has been very great, and I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mrs. M. A. Driffel, who has 
 been of the grj.ite-jt a-isistance to me, both in preparing Ihe tables and reading the proofs. 
 
 May, 1899. THOMAS EGLESTON. 
 
 1492, Aug. -3. Columbus sailed from Palos. 
 1492, Oct. 12. Columbus landed at San Sal- 
 vador, one of the Bahama Islands. 
 
 1492, Jan. 4. Columbus sailed homeward. 
 
 1493, May. Pope Alexander VI. issued a 
 
 bill dividing , "the un-Christian 
 . world" between Spain and Portugal. 
 
 1494, Sept. 25. Columbus sailed on his sec- 
 
 ond voyage. 
 
 1497, June 24. John Cabot sighted Cape Bre- 
 ton. 
 
 1497, July 3. John Cabot discovered Labra 
 dor. 
 
 1497, Vasco de Gama sailed around Cape of 
 
 Good Hope to India. 
 
 1498, Island. of St. Vincent, West Indies, dis- 
 
 covered by Columbus. 
 1498, Aug. 10. Columbus discovered the 
 mainland of South America, near the 
 Orinoco River. His third voyage. 
 
 1498. Sebastian Cabot sailed along the coast 
 
 of North America southward as far 
 as Chesapeake Bay. 
 
 1499. Vespucius' first Undisputed voyage. 
 
 1500. Cabral (Portuguese) discovered Brazil. 
 
 1501. Gaspar Cotereal (Portuguese) explored 
 
 the coast of North America from the 
 St. Lawrence southward 600 or 700 
 miles. 
 
 1502. May 9. Columbus sailed on his last 
 
 voyage. 
 
 1506, May 20. Columbus died. 
 
 1513, Ponce de Leon discovered and named 
 Florida — the first visit of the Span- 
 iards to the mainland of North Arn- 
 ica. 
 
 1513, Sept. 25. Balboa discovered the Pacific 
 Ocean from the mountains on the 
 Isthmus of Panama, and claimed it 
 for Spain. 
 
 1519. Cortez left Cuba and within the next 
 two years conquered Mexico. 
 
 1519. Pineda (Spanish) explored the north- 
 
 ern coast of the Gulf of Mexico to 
 beyond the Rio Grande. ■ 
 
 1520. Magellan discovered and sailed through 
 
 Magellan Straits into the Pacific 
 Ocean. 
 
 1521. An expedition sent by Vasques de 
 
 Ayllon from St. Domingo landed on 
 the coast of Carolina and enticed 
 away some of he natives as slaves. 
 1524. Gdmez, searching for a northern pas- 
 sage to Cathay, touched at different 
 points on the coast of North America 
 as far north. as Newfoundland. 
 1525 Gomez traded with the Indians from 
 
 Newfoundland to New Jersey. 
 1525 Vasquez returned to North Carolina 
 (which he had named Chicora) as 
 Governor, commissioned by Charles 
 . the ;Fifth. 
 
 1525. 
 1527. 
 
 1528, 
 
 1528. 
 1530. 
 1530. 
 I.S34- 
 
 1535- 
 
 1536, 
 
 1539, 
 1540- 
 
 1540, 
 1541- 
 1541, 
 
 1542. 
 
 1542, 
 1542- 
 IS49. 
 1550, 
 
 ISS3- 
 
 iSS8. 
 1562. 
 
 1564. 
 1564, 
 
 Conquest of Peru by Pizarro. 
 
 John Verrazano explored the coast of 
 North America from about Wilming- 
 ton, N. C, to Newfoundland. 
 
 April. Pamfilo de Narvaez with 300 
 followers landed at Tampa Bay, Flor- 
 ida, and explored part of the country. 
 
 Cortez sent Maldonado up the Pacific 
 coast for three hundred miles. 
 
 Guzman established Culiacan on the 
 Gulf of California. 
 
 Guzman led a futile expedition to dis- 
 cover the "Seven Cities of Cibola." 
 
 Jacques Cartier entered the Bay of Cha- 
 leurs and the estuary of the St. Law- 
 rence. 
 
 Jacques Cartier ascended the St. Law- 
 rence to Hochelega, the site of Mon- 
 treal. 
 
 May. Cabeza de Vaca and three other 
 Spaniards, survivors of the Narvaes 
 expedition to Florida reached Culia- 
 can. 
 
 May. Ferdinand de Soto with 600 men 
 landed at Espiritu Santo, Florida. 
 
 Coronado discovered the pueblos of 
 Arizona and New Mexico, the ter- 
 raced dwellings of the Moquis and 
 Zunis. 
 
 Roberval attempted to colonize Cana- 
 da. 
 
 Jacques Cartier built a fort near Que- 
 bec. 
 
 April. Ferdinand de Soto ascended the 
 Mississippi with his followers and af- 
 terwards went northwesterly into thf 
 country. 
 
 .Roberval came from France with re- 
 enforcements for the Canadian col- 
 ony under Cartier. 
 
 May 21. Ferdinand de Soto died at 
 Washita. 
 
 Cabrillo voyaged up the Pacific coast 
 of North America as far as Oregon. 
 
 Roberval again attempted to colonize 
 Canada. 
 
 Hooper's refusal to wear clerical vest- 
 i-nerts the first active manifestation 
 cf Puritanism in England. 
 
 Queen Mary crowned, and 800 Englih 
 reformers fled to the continent. 
 
 Coronation of Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 Jean Ribaut discovered the St. Johns 
 River in Florida and the inlet Port 
 Royal, and built Fort Carolina. 
 
 A French Huguenot colony established 
 on the St. Johns River, Florida. 
 
 Sept. I. Melendez de Aviles (Spanish), 
 entered a harbor in Florida, which he 
 flamed St. Augustine. 
 
 1565- 
 1566. 
 
 1574- 
 
 1576- 
 
 1578. 
 
 1578. 
 1579- 
 
 1582. 
 
 1565, Melendez massacred the French 
 Huguenot colonists of Florida. 
 
 Sir John, Hawkins visited Florida. 
 
 Dominic de Gourges (French) massa- 
 cred the followers of Melendez de 
 Aviles in Florida. 
 
 By this year 30 to 50 English ships were 
 making annual trips to the Grand 
 Banks off Newfoundland to fish. 
 
 Frobisher entered Baffin's Baj. 
 1576-78. Frobisher made three successive voy- 
 ages to Labrador, seeking gold. 
 
 At least oi,e hundred French vessels 
 engaged in the Newfoundland fish- 
 eries. 
 
 Sir Humphrey Gilbert's first expedi 
 tion, 
 
 Francis Drake explored he Pacific coast 
 of the United States as far north as 
 Cape Blanco, seeking a short cut 
 through the continent. 
 
 The English flag raised over Tobago 
 (West Indies). 
 
 Espejo founded Santa Fe in New 
 Mexico, the second oldest town in the 
 United States. 
 
 1582. Franciscan friars opened missions in 
 
 the valleys of the Rio Grande and the 
 Gila. 
 
 1583. Sir Humphrey Gilbert landed' at St. 
 
 Johns, Newfoundland, and took pos- 
 session of the island for the Queen. 
 
 1584. Sir Walter Raleigh obtained a charter 
 
 from Queen Elizabeth and sent an 
 expedition under Amidas and Bar- 
 low, who landed on the island of 
 Wocoken, N. C, but made no settle- 
 ment. 
 
 1585. Raleigh sent out 108 colonists to Roan- 
 
 oke u-nder Ralph Lane, with Sir 
 Richard Grenville as naval com- 
 mander. 
 
 1586. March. Ralph Lane ascended the Ro- 
 
 anoke, seeking rich ores and pearls. 
 
 1586. St. Augustine burned by Sir Francis 
 Drake. 
 
 1586, June. Sir Francis Drake visited Roan- 
 oke and took back the settlers there 
 to England. 
 
 1586, Summer. Sir Richard Grenville left 15 
 
 colonists at Roanoke. 
 
 1587, July. John White arrived in North Car- 
 
 olina with colonists sent by Raleigh 
 and re-established the Roanoke settle- 
 ment. 
 
 1587, August. John White went to Eng- 
 land, leaving in the Roanoke colony 
 89 men, 17 women and 2 children. 
 
 1587, Aug. 18. John White's daughter. 
 
 ^M 
 
Eleanor Dare, gave birth to a daught- 
 er at Roanoke, the first child bom of 
 English parents in the territory of 
 the United States. She was named 
 Virginia, after the country. 
 
 iSgo. John White returned to Roanoke, to 
 find it deserted — no traces of his 
 daughter or the other colonists. 
 
 1598. Santa Fe established as the seat of 
 Spanish power in the northern part 
 of their American possessions. 
 
 1598. The Marquis de la Roche placed on the 
 Isle of Sable, near Nova Scotia, 40 
 French convicts, who all died or re- 
 turned to France. 
 
 1598-1599. A fleet under Mahn and Cordes 
 the first Dutch vessels to enter Ma- 
 gellan's straits. 
 
 1600. Chauvin and Pontgrave traded in Can- 
 ada, but made no establishments. 
 
 1602, May. Bartholomew Gosnold explored 
 
 the coast from Cape Elizabeth, Me., 
 to the Elizabeth Islands, and landed 
 upon and named Cape Cod. 
 
 1603, March 24. Queen Elizabeth died and 
 
 the reign of Jamesl. began. 
 
 1603. The French patent of this year claimed 
 for Acadia the territory between the 
 present sites of Philadelphia and 
 Montreal. 
 
 1603. De Monts appointed Governor of Aca- 
 dia. 
 
 1603. Martin Pring discovered many harbors 
 and rivers in Maine, and entered 
 Massachusetts Bay. 
 
 1603. Samuel de Champlain ascended the St. 
 
 Lawrence as far as Montreal. 
 
 1604. Champlain explored the eastern coast 
 
 of North America as far south as 
 Cape Cod. 
 1604. A French expedition founded Port Roy- 
 al in Nova Scotia and St. Croix and 
 discovered St. John's River. 
 
 1604, Autumn. A French colony under De 
 
 Monts settled on an island near the 
 present boundary of Maine and New 
 Brunswick. 
 
 1605. Barbadoes (West Indies) first visited 
 
 by the English. 
 1605, Spring. De Monts' colony moved to 
 Port Royal (now Annopolis, Nova 
 Scotia). 
 
 1605. George Weymouth explored from Cape 
 
 Cod northward and sailed up the 
 Kennebec River, and returned to 
 England with five Indians. 
 1605. Santa Fe removed to its present s'te. 
 
 1606. Sir Ferdinando Gorges begins to send 
 
 expeditions to the New England 
 coast. 
 1606. The "Pilgrim" church formed at Scroo- 
 
 by. 
 1606. John Smyth and. Separatists go to 
 
 Amsterdam. 
 1606, April 10. First charter pf Virginia 
 granted by King James to the London 
 Company (or Virginia Company) 
 and the Plymouth Company (or 
 North Virginia Company.) 
 
 1606, December 19. 105 colonists went from 
 
 England to Virginia. 
 
 1607, April 16. 143 colonists, including Capt. 
 
 John Smith, sent out by the London 
 Company sighted land and soon after 
 t entered Chesapeake Bay. 
 
 1607, May 13. The 143 colonists sent out by 
 the London Company settled at 
 Jamestown on the James River, about 
 50 miles up. 
 
 1607, May 21 Captain Newport and 23 com- 
 panions went up the James River as 
 far as the site of Richmond. 
 
 1607, August. 120 colonists sent by the Ply- 
 mouth Company settled at the mouth 
 of the Kennebec River on the penin- 
 sular of Sabino. 
 
 1607, Summer. Half of the Virginia Colo- 
 nists died. 
 
 1607. A pinnace called the "Virginia," built 
 by the coloni-ts at the mouth of the 
 Kennebec River, was the first ocean- 
 going vessel built in New England. 
 
 1607. Port Royal abandoned by the French 
 colonists. 
 
 1607, December. Capt. John Smith went 
 
 with a party up the Chickahominy to 
 explore and trade with the Indians. 
 He was captured by the Indians, but 
 sent back to Jamestown by Powha 
 tan. 
 
 1608. The survivors of the 120 colonists who 
 
 settled in the previous year at the 
 mouth of the Kennebec returned to 
 England. 
 1608. Champlain founded Quebec and visited 
 Lake Champlain. 
 
 1608. Beginning of the emigration from Eng- 
 
 land to Holland of the refugees from 
 religious persecution, who about a 
 dozen years later became ■the first 
 "pilgrims" to New England. 
 
 1609. Sir George Somers called at the Ber- 
 
 mudas on a voyage to Virginia, and 
 the Islands were called after his 
 name. 
 
 i6og. May 23. Second charter to the Lon- 
 don Company, defining more specific- 
 ally the bounds of its territory. 
 
 1609. Capt. Christopher Newport came with 
 supplies and 120 emigrants to the col- 
 ony at Jamestown. 
 
 1609. Champlain fighting the Iroquois on the 
 shores of Lake Champlain. He de- 
 feated the Mohawks. 
 
 1609, September. Hendrik Hudson sailed up 
 
 the Hudson as far as Albany — discov- 
 ery of the Hudson. 
 
 1610. "Starving time" in Virginia. 
 
 1610, Spring. Lord Delaware went to Vir- 
 ginia as Governor and Captain-Gen- 
 eral of the colony at Jamestown, tak- 
 ing with him 150 settlers. 
 
 1610, Aug. 27. .Argall discovers and names 
 Delaware Bay. 
 
 1610. Henry Hudson's voyage to Hudson's 
 
 Bay. 
 
 1611. Montreal founded. 
 
 161 1. French Jesuit priests ascended the Ken- 
 nebec. 
 
 161 1. Sir Thomas Dale succeeded Lord Del- 
 aware as Governor at Jamestown. 
 
 161 1, Aug'ust. Sir Thomas Gates arrived in 
 
 Virginia as Governor, with 300 emi- 
 grants and 100 cows and other cat- 
 tle. New settlements at Henrico and 
 Bermuda. 
 
 1612, March 22. Third charter to the Lon- 
 
 don Company, giving it additional 
 powers and the Islands within 300 
 leagues of the coast, including the 
 Bermudas. 
 
 1612. Beginning of the systematic cultivation 
 
 of tobacco in Virginia. 
 
 1613. Capt. Samuel Argall sent northward 
 
 from Virginia to destroy the French 
 settlements. He expelled a Jesuit 
 colony from Mt. Desert Island. 
 1613. Settlement of New York by the Dutch. 
 
 1613. Capt. John Smith explored the coast ol 
 
 "North Virginia" from Penobscot to 
 Cape Cod, and gave the region the 
 name "New England." 
 
 1614. The Virginians drove the French frou". 
 
 Nova Scotia. 
 
 1614. Hendrik Christiansen built Fort Nas- 
 sau, a trading house and fort, on 
 about the site of the present Allsany 
 A few settlers left on the south end 
 of Manhattan Island. 
 
 1614. Adrian Block explores the shores of 
 New England as far as Boston har- 
 bor from Manhattan Island. 
 
 1614. Marriage of Pocahontas with John 
 
 Rolfe and peace with Powhatar. 
 
 1615. Champlain reached Lake Huron by way 
 
 of the Ottawa river. 
 1615. Charter granted by the States-General 
 
 of Holland to the "New Netherland 
 
 Company" to trade on the northern 
 
 coast of America. 
 161 5. A trading house, with huts for traders, 
 
 built on Manhattan Island at the 
 
 mouth of the Hudson, 
 
 1615. 
 1616. 
 
 161 6, 
 1617. 
 
 1617. 
 1617. 
 1618, 
 
 1618. 
 1618, 
 
 1618, 
 1 619, 
 
 1619, 
 
 1619, 
 
 1620. 
 1620. 
 
 1620, 
 
 1620, 
 1620, 
 
 1620, 
 1620, 
 
 1620, 
 1620. 
 1620. 
 1620, 
 1621. 
 
 1621, 
 
 1621, 
 
 1621. 
 
 1621, 
 
 1621, 
 
 1621, 
 
 1621. 
 1621. 
 
 Every freeman in Virginia became own- 
 er of 50 acres of land in his own right. 
 The Virginia Company parted with its 
 right in the Bermuda Islands to the 
 Bermuda Company. 
 Mar. 21. Pocahontas died in England. 
 The Pilgrim Society at Leyden, Hol- 
 land, decided to send some of their 
 company to America to found a Pur- 
 itan state. 
 A pestilence destroyed half of the In- 
 dians on the Penobscot River and 
 Narragansett Bay.. 
 Samuel Argall succeeded Dale as Dep- 
 uty-Governor of the Virginia colony 
 at Jamestown. 
 1676-77, 1690-91. The Plymouth col- 
 ony endeavored in vain to obtain a 
 charter from the Crown. 
 Gov. Argall recalled from Jamestown. 
 November. The "Great Charter" 
 granted to Virginia, under which the 
 people were allowed a voice in mak- 
 ing their own laws. 
 Oct. 19. Raleigh executed. 
 April. Yeardley arrived at Jamestown 
 
 as Governor. 
 July .30. The first house of Burgesses, 
 and first representative body of legis- 
 lators in America, met in Jamestown. 
 August. A Dutch man-of-war brought 
 20 negroes to Jamestown and sold 
 them as slaves — introduction of slav- 
 ery into the English colonies of 
 America. 
 Representative government established 
 
 in the Bermudas. 
 New charter granted to the Plymouth 
 Company for lands extending from 
 about Long Branch to the Bay of 
 Chaleurs. 
 July. The Pilgrims sailed for Amer- 
 ica from Delft Haven in the ship 
 Speedwell. When 300 miles from 
 Land's End obliged to return on ac- 
 count of leakage. 
 July. Population of the Virginia col- 
 ony estimated at 4,000. 
 Sept. 6. The Mayflower sailed from 
 Plymouth, Devonshire, England, for 
 New England. 
 Nov. 19. The Pilgrims in the May- 
 flower sighted Cape Cod. 
 Nov. n or 21. The Pilgrims on the ■ 
 Mayflower formed themselves into 
 "a civill body politick." Deacon 
 John Carver chosen Governor. 
 Dec. 21. The Mayflower passengers 
 landed at Plymouth, Mass. 
 40,000 pounds of tobacco shipped from 
 
 Virginia to England. 
 Iron smelting works erected near 
 
 Jamestown, Va. 
 Nov. 3. Council for New England in- 
 corporated. 
 Sir William" Alexander obtained a pat- 
 ent for the peninsular of Nova Sco- 
 tia. 
 March. William Bradford succeeded 
 John Carver as Governor of the col- 
 ony at Plymouth. 
 March 26. Treaty between the Ply- 
 mouth colony and Massasoit chief 
 of the Wampanoag Indians. 
 The Mayflower returned to England 
 about April 15th, taking back none of 
 the settlers. 
 May. The colonists at Plymouth ob- 
 tamed a grant of lands under a patent 
 from the Plymouth Company. 
 Nov. 9, so more of the company of 
 Pilgrims at Leyden arrived at Ply 
 mouth, New England. 
 Nov. 21. The patent granted June nth 
 to the colonists at Plymouth arrived. 
 Under it the colony lived about eight 
 years. 
 First Thanksgiving festival at Ply- 
 mouth. Massasoit and go of his 
 people were feasted for three days. 
 Charter to the Dutch West India Com- 
 
pany, succeeding the New Nether- 
 lands Company. 
 
 162 1. George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, under 1625. 
 a proprietary patent, went out to 1625, 
 Newfoundland with a colony, which 
 failed. 1625, 
 
 1621. Sir Francis Wyatt came to Virginia as 
 
 Governor with a written constitution 1625, 
 on the English model. 
 
 1621. England set up a monopoly in trade 1625. 
 
 with the Virginia colonists.. 
 
 1622, March 22. Indians slew 347 of the 
 
 whites in Virginia, and many colo- 
 nists returned to England. 1625. 
 
 1622, June. Thomas Morton, an agent of 
 
 Sir Ferdinando Gorges, came to New 1625. 
 England to make the beginning of a 
 royal and episcopal settlement in 
 Massachusetts Bay. 1625. 
 
 1622, Aug. 10. Sir Ferdinando Gorges and 
 John Mason obtained a grant of ter- 
 ritory between the Merrimac and 1625. 
 Kennebec rivers, and extending to the 
 "river of Canada." 
 
 1622. Settlements begun at Portsmouth and 
 Dover. 
 
 1622. Thomas Weston, under a patent, sent 
 out from England 70 men, who 
 formed a settlement at Wessagusset 1626. 
 (now Weymouth), 25 miles north of 
 Plymouth, but returned to England 
 the next year. 
 
 1622. Three Plymouth fur traders estab- 1626. 
 lished themselves at Rye, New Hamp- 
 shire, under a grant from the Ply- 
 mouth Council. 
 
 1622, Autumn. 35 new settlers came to Ply- 1626. 
 
 mouth. 1627. 
 
 1623. Grant of 300 square miles in Massachu- 
 
 setts to Robert Gorges from the 
 
 Council of New England. 
 1623. Saco in Maine established by Gorges 1627. 
 
 about this year. 
 1623. A colony sent out by the merchants of 
 
 Dorchester, England, established at 1627. 
 
 Cape Ann, Massachusetts Bay, on the 
 
 present site of Gloucester. 
 1623. Settlements by Church of England men 
 
 on STiawmut peninsular (now Bos- . 
 
 ton), at Charleston and at Chelsea. , 1627. 
 1623. The Dutch West India Company estab- 
 lished a trading post. Fort Nassau, 
 
 on the Delaware, four miles below 1628. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 1623. The Indians combined against the 
 
 whites in Virginia, and killed over itzS. 
 
 300 settlers. 
 1623. Absence from church in Virginia pun- 
 ished by a fine of a hogshead of to- 1628. 
 
 bacco. 
 1623. Fishing station established at Mohe- 
 
 gan. 1628, 
 
 1623. The "Ann" and "Little James" reach 
 
 Plymouth. 
 
 1623, May 5. Patent to Christopher Lev- 
 
 ett on the Maine coast. 
 
 1624. The Plymouth Company of England 
 
 sent 60 new emigrants to the colony 1628, 
 at Plymouth, New England. 
 
 1624. The communal svstem with which the 
 
 colony at Plymouth began was partly 1628. 
 abandoned and each freeman was al- 
 lowed one acre of land as a perma- 
 nent holding. 1628. 
 
 1624. The number of the Governor's "assist- 
 ants" of the Plymouth colony raised 
 from one to five, and the Governor 1629. 
 and assistants to be elected by the 
 freemen. 1629. 
 
 1624. Winslow's "Good News ,From New 
 England" published. 
 
 1624. Civil gpvernment began in the Dutch 1629, 
 Colonies in j-vmerica under Cornelius 
 Jacobsen May as Director. 
 
 1624. The Dutch West India Company sent 
 
 to America 30 families of Protestant 1629. 
 Walloons, who settled at Fort Or- 
 ange (Albany), on the Delaware 
 River , the Connecticut River, Long 
 Island and Manhattan Island. 1629. 
 
 1624, June 16. The London Company's char- 
 ter annulled and the settlers in Vir- 1629. 
 
 ginia passed under the immediate 
 control of the King 
 A colony planted on Barbadoes. 
 March 27. James I. died and the reign 
 of Charles I. began. 
 
 Feb.ig-Mar. i. John Robinson died 1629, 
 at Leyden. 
 
 July 15. Earliest settlement at Pema- 
 quid. 
 
 Charlesl. constituted two councils for 1629. 
 the government of Virginia, one there 
 and one in England, the local assem- 
 bly being left in practice nearly free. 
 
 Shipbuilding first undertaken in Ply- 1629. 
 mouth. 
 
 William Verholst succeeded May as 
 Director of the Dutch colonies in 
 America. 
 
 Two large ships arrived at Manhattan 1629. 
 with cattle and horses, swine and 
 sheep. 
 
 Captain Wollaston, with a gang of in- 1Q29. 
 dentured servants, estabHshed him- 
 self on the site of the present town of 
 Quincey, but soon went with his ser- 1629. 
 vants to Virginia, and Thomas Mor- 1629. 
 ton took his plant and styled the set- 
 tlement "Merrymount." 
 
 The Dorchester merchants dissolved 
 partnership and most of their colo- 
 nists left Cape Ann and returned to 1629. 
 England. 
 
 Emigrants from the abandoned settle- 
 ment at Cape Ann went to Naum- 1529. 
 keag, the future Salem, under Roger 
 Conant. 1630. 
 
 The French build a fort at Castine. 
 
 St. Vincent, West Indies, and others 
 of the Windward group of Islands 
 granted by Charles I. to the Earl of 
 Carlisle. 
 
 The resident adults of. the Plymouth 1630. 
 colony purchased from the English 
 merchants all the land and stock. 
 
 Peter Minuet, Director of the Dutch 1630- 
 West India Company, bought Man- 
 hattan from the Indians for about 1630, 
 $24, and founded New Amsterdam, 
 afterward New York City. 1630. 
 
 Each household of the Plymouth col- 
 ony granted 20 acres of land as a 
 private allotment. 1630, 
 
 St, Christopher and Nevis (Leeward 
 Islands, West Indies) settled by Eng- 1630, 
 lish. 
 
 Dover, Now Hampshire, founded by 1630, 
 the brothers Hilton, Puritan fish 
 dealers in London. • 
 
 Exiles from Massachusetts, adherents 
 of Mrs. Hutchinson founded Exeter 
 and Hampton in New Hampshire. 1630. 
 
 March 19. Grant of lands by the Coun- 
 cil of New England to John Endicott 
 and five others from the Atlantic to 
 the Pacific, and from three miles 
 north of the Merrimac to three miles 1630. 
 south of the Charles. 
 
 September. John Endicott arrived in 
 
 Salem with 60 persons and supersed- 1630. 
 ed Conant. 
 
 The Plymouth militia dispersed the 1631. 
 Merrymount colony and sent Morton 
 to England. 1631. 
 
 Michaelius '(Reformed Church) came to 1631. 
 New Netherland and organized a 1631. 
 church with 50 communicants. 
 ,An English colony planted on New 1631. 
 Providence in the Bahama Islands. 
 
 One of Champlain's explorers brought 
 him an ingot of copper from the 
 shores of Lake Superior. ^631. 
 
 March. The Dorchester Company pro- 
 cured a royal charter as the "Govern- 
 or and Company of Massachusetts 1631, 
 Bay in New England." 1631, 
 
 The Massachusetts Bay Company sent 
 to Salem over 400 settlers, with tools, 
 arms and ammunition, under Francis 
 Higginson. 
 
 Endicott sent 50 persons from Saleni to 1631, 
 begin the settlement of. Charlestown. 
 
 The first Congregational Church of 
 
 Massachusetts formed of 30 persons, 
 with Samuel Skelton and Francis 
 Higginson as ministers. An attemot 
 to form an Episcopal church pre- 
 vented. 
 Nov. 7. John Mason obtained from the 
 Plymouth Council a grant of the ter- 
 ritory between the Merrimac and the 
 Piscataqua (New Hamshire). 
 
 Sir Ferdinando Gorges obtained a grant 
 from the Plymouth Council of the 
 territory from the Piscataqua to the 
 Kennebec (Maine). 
 
 The Dutch West India Company ob- 
 tained a new charter which estab- 
 lished the patroon system of land- 
 holding along the Hudson, Delaware, 
 etc. 
 
 The lands between Cape Henlopen and 
 the mouth of the Delaware were 
 bought from the Indians. 
 
 Sir John Harvey came to Virginia as 
 Governor, the first to serve under di- 
 rect royal appointment. 
 
 Population of Virginia, 5,000. 
 
 Lord Baltimore (George Calvert) land- 
 ed at Jamestown with 40 Catholic 
 colonists, who were ill received by the 
 Protestant Virginians and returned 
 to England. 
 
 Charles I. gave the province of C%ro- 
 lina to Sir Robert Heath, but he did 
 not colonize it. 
 
 Quebec fkcn by Kirke and Champlain 
 taken to England. 
 
 The Company of Massachusetts Bay 
 transferred itself and charter in 
 eleven vessels to the American 
 settlement. John Winthrop chosen 
 Governer for one year and Thomas 
 Dudley Deputy Governor. 
 
 John Winthrop on his voyage to Massa- 
 chusetts wrote "A Model of Christian 
 Charity." 
 1649. John Winthrop's "History of Mas- 
 sachusetts" covers this period. 
 
 June 22. Arrival of Governor John 
 Winthrop in Massachusetts. 
 
 17 ships carrying more than 1,000 set- 
 tlers to the Massachusetts Bay Com- 
 pany arrived. 
 
 July. First house built in Boston un- 
 der Governor Winthrop. 
 
 September. Boston became the capital 
 of the Massachusetts Bay colony. 
 
 October. It was left to the assistants 
 in Massachusetts Bay colony (instead 
 of the whole body of freemen, as be- 
 fore) to elect the Governor and Dep- 
 uty-Governor. 
 
 The Council of New England granted 
 to Bradford and his associates the ter- 
 ritory between the Cohasset river on 
 the north and the domain of Poka- 
 noket on the west. 
 
 A large party of farmers and fishermen 
 settled at Portsmouth (New Hamp- 
 shire) . 
 
 Sir John Harvey appointed Governor 
 of Virginia. 
 
 Roger Williams came to Massachusetts 
 Bay colony. 
 
 Roger Williams went to Plymouth. 
 
 John Eliot came to Massachusetts. 
 
 Shipbuilding first undertaken in Massa- 
 chusetts. 
 
 Freedom of the body politic of Massa- 
 chusetts Bay colony restricted to 
 members of churches within its lim- 
 its. 
 
 Grant on the Acomenticus River, Me., 
 to the younger Ferd. Gorges and 
 others. 
 
 Feb. 29. Grant of Pemaquid. 
 
 May. Decided that the assistants in Mas- 
 sachusetts Bay colony might keep 
 their seats during good behaviour or 
 until unseated by vote of the free- 
 men. 
 
 early. A tax of 60 pounds assessed by 
 the Board of Assistants upon the 
 Massachusetts Bay settlements. 
 
1631. The freemen of Watertown, Massachu- 
 setts Bay colony, refused to pay the 
 tax of 60 pounds levied by the As- 
 sistants on the ground that taxation 1634, 
 without representation was dangerous 
 to liberty. 
 
 1 63 1. In consequence of the action of the free- 
 men of Watertown, a representative 
 body was established, two delegates 1634. 
 called deputies being chosen by each 
 town. 
 
 1631. Swaaendael, near the site of Lewes, Del- 1634, 
 aware, founded by patroons of New 
 Netherlands. 
 
 1631. Grant of territory from the Narragan- 
 
 sett river westward 120 miles along 1634. 
 the coast of Long Island Sound, and 
 thence to the Pacific, to Lord Say 
 and Sele, Lord Brooke and others. 
 
 1631, Nov. 3. Grant of Piscataqua River 
 
 and Isles of Shoals. 
 
 1632. Antiqua and Montserrat (Leeward 1634, 
 
 Islands, West Indies) settled by the 
 
 English. 
 1632. Portland, Me., founded. 
 1632. Unsuccessful attempts to vacate the 
 
 Massachusetts charter. 1634. 
 
 1632. Plj'mouth Pilgrims begin to explore 
 
 and settle the Connecticut. Valley. 
 1632, April 15. George Calvert, the first Lord 
 
 Baltimore, dies. 
 
 1632, June 20. Grant to Cecilius Calvert 1635. 
 
 (Lord Baltimore) of territory in 1635^ 
 America, which was named Mary- 
 land. 1635. 
 
 1633, Nov. 22. Leonard Calvert (brother of 
 
 Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore), 
 with about 20 gentlemen and 200 or 
 300 laborers, sailed for the Maryland 
 territory. 1635, 
 
 1633. Watertown and Dorchester, in Mas- 
 sachusetts, took the initiative in fram- 
 ing town governments with select- 
 men. 
 
 1633- The Massachusetts Bay colonists began 
 
 to elect representatives, called depu- 1635. 
 ties, to a general court, who at first 
 sat in the same chamber with the 
 Assistants. 
 
 1633, July 3. Lord Baltimore sustained in 
 the Privy Council against the Vir- 
 ginia petition 1635. 
 
 1633. The Plymouth people established a 
 trading station on the site of Wind- 
 sor Conn. 
 
 1633. A renewal of immigration into Massa- 
 chusetts because of increased harsh- 
 ness toward the Puritans in England. 
 
 1633. Sir Henry Vane and Hugh Peter came jg,, 
 to Massachusetts. 
 
 [633. Roger Williams went to Salem and be- 
 came pastor of a church there. 1635. 
 
 1633- John Oldham, a Massachusetts trader, 
 
 explored the overland route to the 163s, 
 Connecticut Valley. 
 
 1633. Quarrel between the New Englanders 
 and the Dutch because of the estab- 
 lishment of a trading post at Hart- 
 ford by the latter and an attempt to 
 exclude English vessels from the 1635. 
 Hudson. 
 
 1633. Wouter van Twiller made Director of 
 
 the Dutch West India Company. 
 
 1634. William Holmes and a band of Ply- 1635. 
 
 mouth men sailed up the Connecticut 
 
 and fortified themselves on the site 1635, 
 
 of Windsor. 
 
 1634. Champlain sent Jean Nicolet up the Ot- 
 tawa river and the great lakes to find 
 Asia. He reached central Wisconsin 1635. 
 by way of Fox river and went thence 
 overland to the Illinois country. 
 
 1634, March 25. Town of St. Mary's, Mary- 
 land, founded by 200 colonists under 1635. 
 
 • Leonard Calvert. 
 
 1634. William Clayborne, who had established 
 
 himself on Chesapeake Bay in 1631, 1635. 
 refusing to acknowledge Baltimore's 
 proprietorship, was summarily eject- 
 ed. 
 
 1634. Voting by ballot introduced into the col- 
 
 ony of Massachusetts Bay, and the 
 privilege of voting at town meetings 
 restricted to the freemen. 
 
 Early. Emigrants not permitted to go 
 to New England without taking the 
 royal oath of allegiance and promis- 
 ing to conform to the Book of Com- 
 mon prayer. 
 
 A law of Massachusetts forbade "im- 
 moderate great sleeves" and "slashed 
 apparel." 
 
 April. A royal commission of twelve 
 appointed to take charge of all the 
 American colonies, secure conform- 
 ity, revoke charters, etc. 
 
 The Mas.sachusetts people ordered to 
 lay their charter before the Privy 
 Council. They delayed answering 
 and began preparations for resistance, 
 and sent Winslow to England to 
 represent them. 
 
 Autumn. Mrs. Anne Hutchinson ar- 
 rived . in Boston from England and 
 soon had a large following, including 
 the Governor, Henry Vane the 
 younger. 
 
 The plantation of Massachusetts Bay 
 greatly increased; settlements ex- 
 tended more than 30 miles from the 
 capital town. ,4000 English, 20 vil- 
 lages, 4000 goats, 1500 head of cattle. 
 
 Champlain died at Quebec. 
 
 Autumn. Henry Vane arrived in Mas- 
 sachusetts. 
 
 Endicott, for publicly defacing the royal 
 flag at Salem, was summoned before 
 the General Court at Boston, repri- 
 manded, and declared incapable of 
 holding office for a year. 
 
 Early. News arrived at Boston of the 
 creation of the special commission for 
 annulling the charters of the Amer- 
 ican colonies and an intention to send 
 out a general governor for New Eng- 
 land. Much excitement. 
 
 The Council of New England surren- 
 dered its charter and corporate rights 
 to the King, on condition that its 
 members be permitted to divide the 
 territory amongst themselves in sev- 
 eralty. 
 
 New England parcelled out among the 
 members of the Council of New Eng- 
 land, Gorges and Mason receiving a 
 confirmation of their former personal 
 grants. The Connecticut region as- 
 signed to the Marquis of Hamilton. 
 John Winthropjjr., made "governor 
 of the river Connecticut." 
 
 A writ of quo warranto issued against 
 the Massachusetts charter and it was 
 declared null and void. 
 
 Gorges appointed Vice-Regal Governor 
 of New England. 
 
 Summer. A party from Dorchester 
 went overland through the wilderness 
 and planted a settlement at Windsor 
 around the walls of the Plymouth 
 post, and above the Dutch fort at 
 Hartford. 
 
 The Dutch Governor Van Twiller sent 
 a company of 70 men to drive away 
 the settlers at Windsor, but they did 
 not attack. 
 
 Wethersfield, Conn., settled by pioneers 
 from Watertown, who came overland. 
 
 Autumn. A party from Massachusetts 
 under John Winthrop, Jr., built Say- 
 brook at the mouth of the Connecticut 
 river. 
 
 The Virginia House of Burgesses dis- 
 missed Governor Harvey, who has- 
 tened to England and was sent back 
 by the King. 
 
 The Maryland colonists in primary as- 
 sembly adopted a code of laws, which 
 the proprietor rejected. 
 
 William Clayborne led a party of 
 rangers against Maryland and com- 
 pelling Governor Calvert to fly, seized 
 the government himself, but was soon 
 expelled by Calvert in turn. 
 
 1635- 
 
 1636, 
 
 1636. 
 
 1636. 
 1636. 
 1636. 
 
 1636. 
 
 The patroons sold their lands on the 
 shores of the Delaware Bay and River 
 to the Dutch West India Company. 
 
 Jan. Roger Williams ordered by the 
 General Court to come to Boston and 
 embark for England. He escaped to 
 the foi-est and spent the winter among 
 the Indians. 
 
 Spring. Roger Williams went to Nar- 
 ragansett Bay with five followers and 
 founded Providence. 
 
 Anne Hutchinson lecturing in Boston 
 on religious subjects with great effect. 
 
 Spring. The younger Henry Vane 
 chosen Governor of Massachusetts. 
 
 Spring. Thomas Hooker and Stone 
 went frorn Newtown with their con- 
 gregation, 100 in all to Hartford, 
 Conn., and others from Dorchester 
 and Watertown followed in the sum- 
 
 Emigrants from Roxbury, led by Wil- 
 liam Pynchon, settled on the site of 
 Springfield, Mass. 
 
 1636. Massachusetts imposed a heavy tax on 
 persons buying wines, liquors and to- 
 bacco. 
 
 1636. A proposition of Lord Say and Sele and 
 Lord Brooke for an order of heredi- 
 tary nobility jn the Province of Mas- 
 sachusetts met with popular disap- 
 probation. 
 
 1636. A code of regulations adopted by the 
 Plymouth colony. 
 
 1636. The General Court of the Massachusetts 
 Bay Colony appropriated 400 pounds 
 toward establishing a college at New- 
 town. 
 
 1636. Summer. Indians on Block Island mur- 
 dered John Oldham and captured his 
 vessel. 
 
 1636. Governor Vane sent three vessels in 
 command of Endicott to Block Isl- 
 and; the Indians there were pun- 
 ished ; then the Pequots on the main- 
 land were attacked and defeated. 
 
 1636. Autumn. The Narragansett Indians 
 
 made a treaty of alliance with the 
 whites at Boston. 
 »636-i637. Winter. The Pequot Indians kept 
 the Connecticut towns in continual 
 alarm and tortured and killed settlers. 
 
 1637, Spring. Winthrop succeeded Henry 
 
 Vane as Governor of the Masachu- 
 setts Bay colony after a close election. 
 
 1637. Rev. John Harvard came to Massachu- 
 setts. 
 
 1637, March. Greensmith, a supporter of 
 Anne Hutchinson, was fined by the 
 General Court of Massachusetts for 
 heretical teachings. 
 
 1637, May 26. A force of Connecticut and 
 Massachusetts men and Mohegan and 
 Narragansett Indians surprised the 
 Pequot Indians in their chief town 
 and destroyed almost the entire tribe. 
 
 i637) J"ly- A company of wealthy English 
 merchants, including Theophilus Ea- 
 ton, with their families and their pas- 
 tor, John Davenport, arrived in Bos- 
 ton. 
 
 1637, August. The Connecticut settlers made 
 overtures to the Massachusetts Gen- 
 eral Court for a federation of the 
 New England colonies. 
 
 1637. A General Court held in Connecticut 
 in which each town was represented 
 by two magistrates. 
 
 1637. The Connecticut colony had 800 settlers 
 in three towns — Windsor, Hartford 
 and Wethersfield. 
 
 1637. Rev. Mr. Wheelwright banished by the 
 General Court of Massachusetts on 
 charges of sedition, and went to 
 Piscataqua. 
 
 1637. Exeter and Hampton founded by fol- 
 
 lowers of Mrs. Hutchinson expelled 
 from Masachusetts ; also Portsmouth 
 and Newport, Rhode Island. 
 
 1638. The representative system adopted by 
 
 the Plymouth colony, each township 
 
i638. 
 1638. 
 
 1638. 
 
 1638. 
 
 1638, 
 1638, 
 
 1638, 
 
 1638, 
 
 1638. 
 1638. 
 
 1639, 
 
 1639. 
 1639. 
 
 1639- 
 
 1639- 
 1639- 
 
 1639- 
 1639- 
 
 1639. 
 1639- 
 1639- 
 
 1639. 
 
 1639- 
 
 1640. 
 1640. 
 
 sending two delegates to the General 
 Court. 
 The first Baptist church in America 
 
 established in Massachusetts. 
 The freemen of Masachusetts Bay col- 
 ony rejected a, proposition for the es- 
 tablishment of a permanent council, 
 the members to hold for life or good 
 behavior. 
 Rev. John Harvard died, leaving his 
 library and half of his estate, to the 
 amount of £800, to the Newtown 
 College, which the General Court or- 
 dered to be called by his name, and 
 the name of Newtown was changed to 
 Cambridge. 
 
 Samuel Gorton, a follower of Mrs. 
 Hutchinson, fled from Boston to 
 Aquedneck, where he caused a schism 
 among her followers. 
 
 March. Mrs. Hutchinson joined the 
 colonists at Aquedneck. The town 
 was afterwards called Portsmouth. 
 
 March. John Davenport and Theophi- 
 lus Eaton sailed from Boston and 
 founded Quinnipiac, which was named 
 New Haven the next year. 
 
 April. Fort Christina, on the site of 
 the future Wilmington, Delaware, 
 founded by Swedes under Peter 
 Minuit. 
 
 May 31. At the opening session of the 
 General Court at Hartford, Mr. 
 Hooker preached a sermon, in which 
 he maintained that the choice of mag- 
 istrates and other officers and deter- 
 mination of their powers belonged to 
 the people. 
 
 A representative house of burgesses 
 constituted in Maryland. 
 
 Close of the year. Providence (R. I.) 
 contained 60 persons, and Portsmouth 
 nearly as many. 
 
 Jan. 14. A constitution for Connecticut 
 of a liberal and democratic character 
 adopted by the freemen of Windsor, 
 Wethersfield and ' Hartford. 
 
 St. Lucia (West Indies) settled by the 
 English. 
 
 A system of representation adopted in 
 the Plymouth colony by wMch each 
 town elected two representatives.^ 
 
 Charter to Gorges making him Lord 
 
 Proprietary of the region between 
 
 the Piscataqua and Kennebec Rivers 
 
 and from the sea northward 120 
 
 miles. 
 
 First printing press in the American 
 . colonies set up at Cambridge. 
 
 Newport (R. I.) settled by 59 of the 
 Portsmouth people, headed by Cod- 
 dington, the chief magistrate. 
 
 George Fenwick established himself and 
 family at the mouth of the Connecti- 
 cut river and gave the place the name 
 Saybrook. 
 
 Oct. The New Haven colony adopted 
 a constitution and Theophilus Eaton 
 was chosen Governor, which office he 
 held by annual election until his 
 death, 20 years later. 
 
 Milford, Conn., founded by settlers 
 from New Haven. 
 
 Guilford, Conn., founded by settlers 
 from England. 
 
 Connecticut renewed the 
 
 1640. 
 1640. 
 
 1640. 
 1641. 
 
 1641. 
 
 • 1641. 
 
 proposition j^^^ 
 
 1640. 
 1640. 
 
 before made to Massachusetts for 
 union. 
 
 Governor Harvey recalled from Vir- 
 ginia and Sir Francis Wyatt again 
 sent as Governor. 
 
 The Third Assembly, of Maryland for- 
 mally acknowledged the allegiance of 
 the colony to the King. 
 
 The Long Parliament met. 
 
 On the rise of the Puritans in England 
 emigration to America ceased almost 
 entirely until the restoration of the 
 Stuarts. 
 
 26,000 inhabitants in New England. 
 
 Portsmouth and Newport united under 
 the name of Rhode Island, with Cod- 
 dington as Governor. 
 
 Stamford, Conn., founded. 
 
 Southold, on Long Island, opposite 
 Guilford, planted by New Englanders 
 on territory claimed by the Dutch. 
 
 Lake Erie discovered. 
 
 Jesuit priests said mass before 2000 
 Indians at Sault Ste.-Marie. 
 
 In the Plymouth colony 8 towns with a 
 population of 2500. 
 
 Citizens of Providence ask Massachu- 
 setts to relieve them froin Samuel 
 Gorton, who is summoned to Boston, 
 but refuses to go and retires to the 
 western shore of Narragansett Bay. 
 1641-1643. The New Hampshire towns, Ports- 
 mouth, Dover, Exeter and Hampton, 
 annexed to Massachusetts. 
 
 The " Body of Liberties," a collection 
 of statutes, the foundation of the 
 Massachusetts code, adopted. 
 
 English from New Haven made settle- 
 ments on the Schuylkill and Delaware 
 Rivers. 
 
 Gov. Kieft, of New York, called a 
 council of 12 deputies from the set- 
 tlements in regard to the treatment 
 of the Indians. 
 
 1644, 1646, 1647. Swedish companies 
 reach Delaware, which they call 
 New Sweden. 
 
 New England exempted by Parliament 
 from payment of import and export 
 duties. 
 
 The New Englanders pushed their set- 
 tlements westward from New Haven 
 and southward on Long Island, 
 ■ crowding out the Dutch. 
 
 Connecticut adopted the Massachusetts 
 code as regards capital offences, 13 in 
 number. 
 
 Three Congregational ministers sent to 
 Virginia from Boston, but expelled 
 by the Virginia Assembly. 
 
 After her husband's death, Mrs. Hutch- 
 inson settled upon land west of Stam- 
 ford, Conn. 
 
 Sept. Connecticut renewed the propo- 
 sition to Massachusetts for union. 
 1642-1649. During the struggle in England 
 between Charles I. and the Long Par- 
 liament, public sentiment in Virginia 
 was with the King. 
 
 Sir William Berkeley succeeded Wyatt 
 as Governor of Virginia. 
 
 Parliament created a board of commis- 
 sioners, with the Earl of Warwick at 
 its head, for the superintendence of 
 American colonial affairs. 
 
 May. Confederation agreed upon be- 
 tween Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth. 
 Connecticut and New Haven, under 
 the name of " The United Colonies of 
 New England." 24,000 inhabitants in 
 the Confederation. 
 
 Sept. Winthrop elected President of 
 the four confederated New England 
 colonies. 
 
 Brewster died. 
 
 3000 persons in the eight towns of the 
 Plymouth colony. 
 
 Samuel Gorton and nine followers con- 
 victed in Boston of blasphemy and 
 imprisoned at hard labor for 4 or s 
 months and then ordered to leave the 
 colony. 
 
 Roger Williams went to England to 
 obtain a charter for Rhode Island. 
 
 The Narragansett Indians under Mian- 
 tonomo defeated by the Mohegans 
 under Uncas, and Miantonomo taken 
 prisoner and sent to the Federal 
 Commissioners in Boston. 
 
 Sept. Miantonomo sentenced to death 
 by the English and delivered to Un- 
 cas, by whom he was slain. 
 
 New Haven, Milford, Guilford and 
 Stamford united into the Republic of 
 New Haven, with Eaton as Governor. 
 Southold on Long Island and Bran- 
 ford were afterwards added. 
 
 Thomas Mayhew began missionary 
 work on Nantucket and Martha's 
 Vineyard islands. 
 
 1641. 
 
 1 641. 
 
 1641. 
 
 1641, 
 
 1642. 
 
 1642. 
 
 1642. 
 
 1642. 
 
 1642. 
 
 1642, 
 
 1642. 
 1643. 
 
 1643. 
 
 1643. 
 
 1643- 
 1643- 
 
 1643- 
 
 1643- 
 
 1643. 
 
 1643. 
 
 1643- 
 
 1643. Mrs. Hutchinson and her children and 
 servants murdered by the Indians. 
 
 1643-1645. Algonquin Indian uprising in Ne"' 
 York under Governor Kieft ; the 
 Dutch border settlements left in 
 ruins; 1600 Indians killed, 
 
 1643. The colonists in New Amsterdam of 
 very mixed nationality ; 18 languages 
 said to have been spokpn there. 
 
 1643. Printz, the Swedish Governor, took up 
 his abode and built a fort on the* Isl- 
 and of Tinicum, near the site of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 1643. The Board of Commissioners for the 
 colonies granted to Massachusetts all 
 the territory on the mainland of Mas- 
 sachusetts Bay. 
 
 1643. Lord Baltimore wrote to Boston pro- 
 
 posing to give lands in Maryland to 
 Massachusetts Puritans, which was 
 declined. 
 1643 or 1644. Leonard Calvert (Maryland) 
 received letters of marque from 
 Charles I. to capture vessels belong- 
 ing to Parliament ; and Captain Ingle 
 appeared in the Chesapeake with a 
 like commission from Parliament. 
 
 1644. A law enacted in Massachusetts making 
 
 banishment the penalty for propagat- 
 ing the tenets of the Anabaptists.- 
 
 1644. The Earl of Warwick's Commissioners 
 seized a royalLs.t vessel in Boston 
 harbor. The Massachusetts legisla- 
 ture sent a protest to Parliament. 
 
 1644. The Massachusetts General Court voted 
 that any one attempting to raise sol- 
 diers for Charles I. should be ac- 
 counted an offender. 
 
 1644, March. Providence, Portsmouth and 
 Newport, with a new town called 
 Warwick, came under one charter as 
 the colony of Providence Planfations. 
 
 1644, April. The General Court of the united 
 colonies of New Haven and the ad- 
 joining towns ordered the magistrates 
 in the confederation to observe " the 
 judicial laws of God as they were de- 
 livered by Moses." 
 
 1644, April. A second Indian uprising in 
 Virginia. Suppressed. 
 
 1644. The fort built by Winthrop at Saybrook 
 sold to the Government of Connecti- 
 cut. 
 
 1644. The Narragansett settlers applied for 
 admission to the New England con- 
 federacy formed in 1643, but were re- 
 fused. 
 
 1644. Gov. Kieft of New York forced to call 
 
 a council from the settlements to con- 
 sult about raising taxes. 
 
 1645. An act of the English parliament for- 
 
 bade certain articles to be brought 
 into England except in ships fitted out 
 from England by English subjects 
 and manned by Englishmen, and this 
 Act was amended in the following 
 year so as to apply to the colonies. 
 
 1645. Presbyterianism established by Act of 
 Parliament as the state religion of 
 England. Massachusetts remained 
 stoutly Independent. 
 
 1645. Threatening movements of the Narra- 
 gansett Indians renewed and contin- 
 ued for several years thereafter. 
 
 1645. Treaty between the Dutch and the In- 
 dians. 
 
 1645. Capt. Ingle and William Clayborne took 
 
 possession of St. Mary's and drove 
 out the authorities. Leonard Calvert 
 fled to Virginia, but returned and re- 
 stored the government. 
 
 1646. John Winthrop, the younger, began a 
 
 plantation on the Pequot river. 
 
 1646. Massachusetts Presbyterians sought un- 
 successfully to induce the government 
 to settle churches of their faith in the 
 colonies and to secure the franchise 
 for all regardless of religious affilia- 
 tions. 
 
 1646. Massachusetts enacted that the elders 
 of the churches should choose two 
 
1646. 
 
 1646. 
 
 1646.' 
 i647. 
 1647- 
 
 1647- 
 
 1647- 
 
 1647. 
 1647- 
 
 1647- 
 
 1647- 
 1647- 
 
 1647, 
 
 1648. 
 
 1648. 
 
 1648. 
 
 1648. 
 
 1649. 
 1649, 
 1649. 
 
 1649. 
 1649. 
 
 1649. 
 1649. 
 1649, 
 
 persons each year to spread the Gospel 
 among the Indians. 
 John Eliot began missionary preaching 
 to the Indians at a small Indian vil- 
 lage near Watertown. 
 
 Samuel Gorton went to England and 
 appealed to the Parliamentary Com- 
 missioners, who declared that he 
 might freely live and plant on his land 
 at Warwick on Narragansett Bay. 
 
 Sir Ferdinando Gorges di possessed. 
 
 May. Sir Ferdinando Gorges died. 
 
 Massachusetts complained to the Fed- 
 eral Commissioners against Connecti- 
 cut taxing Mas.sachusetts vessels 
 going up the Connecticut river to the 
 Massachusetts town of Springfield. 
 
 Edward Winslovv sent over to England 
 to represent Massachusetts in the 
 Gorton case. He protested that the 
 Commissioners should not undertake 
 the decision of appeals from the colo- 
 nies. The Commissioners command- 
 ed the General Court to allow Gorton 
 and his followers to dwell in peace, 
 but if faulty they might be "proceeded 
 with according to justice." 
 
 The law of Massachusetts required a 
 school in every town of 50 household- 
 ers and a grammar school to fit boys 
 for college wherever the household- 
 ers numbered 100. 
 
 Hooker died. 
 
 A code of laws adopted by the Provi- 
 dence plantations resembling the com- 
 mon law of England. One section 
 provided that " all men may walk as 
 their conscience persuades them." 
 
 The Maryland legislature divided into 
 two houses, the burgesses forming the 
 lower chamber and the councillors 
 and others summoned by the Pro- 
 prietor the upper chamber. 
 
 Leonard Calvert died. 
 
 Only 300 fighting men in the entire 
 province of New York. 
 
 May 27. Peter Stuyvesant became Gov- 
 ernor of New York. 
 
 William Stone appointed Governor of 
 Maryland. 
 
 Margaret Jones hanged as a witch at 
 Charlestown, Mass. 
 
 A synod of churches of the four con- 
 federate colonies, Massachusetts, 
 Plymouth, Connecticut and New Ha- 
 ven, framed the Cambridge platform, 
 which adopted the Congregational 
 system and the Westminster Confes- 
 sion as its creed. 
 
 Coddington at the head of a faction 
 obtained a separate charter for New- 
 port and Portsmouth. 
 
 The Narragansett settlers a second time 
 applied for admission to the New 
 England confederacy formed in 1643, 
 but were refused. 
 
 Hurons attacked by the Iroquois; 
 Huron mission overthrown, and in 
 June, 1650, the missionaries abandon 
 the Huron country. 
 
 Puritans settle Annapolis in Maryland. 
 
 Jan. 30. Charles I. was executed. 
 
 The Federal Commissioners decided in 
 favor of Connecticut in the matter of 
 Connecticut taxing Massachusetts 
 vessels going up the Connecticut 
 river to Springfield ; whereupon Mas- 
 sachusetts levied export and import 
 duties at Boston, designed to hamper 
 the trade of the other colonies. 
 
 John Winthrop died. 
 
 The General Court of Massachusetts 
 laid the Cambridge Platform before 
 the congregations of the churches. 
 
 Parliament established the Society for 
 Propagating the Gospel in New Eng- 
 land. 
 
 No New England colony, except Rhode 
 Island, in which some degree of edu- 
 cation was not compulsory. 
 
 April. A " Toleration Act " passed in 
 
 1649. 
 
 1649. 
 
 1650. 
 
 1650. 
 1650. 
 
 1650. 
 
 Maryland, by which abuse or molesta- 
 tion on account of religious belief or 
 practice was forbidden. 
 
 The execution of Charles I. followed 
 by the emigration of thousands of ref- 
 ugee cavaliers to Virginia. 
 
 Loyal messages were sent by the Vir- 
 ginia colony to Charles II. in Hol- 
 land. 
 
 New England vessels carried the bulk 
 of the export cargoes. 
 
 Anne Bradstreet's poems published. 
 
 A treaty (not ratified by England) be- 
 tween the Dutch in America and the 
 New Englanders, determining their 
 respective boundaries. 
 
 Two representative bodies constituted in 
 Maryland, the Councillors appointed 
 by the Proprietor, Lord Baltimore, 
 and the Representatives elected by the 
 people. 
 1650. The negro slaves in Virginia began to 
 increase rapidly, the overproduction 
 of tobacco inducing their importation. 
 16.^0. Population of the American colonies 
 about 100.000. 
 
 1650. In Virginia 15,000 whites and 300 
 
 negroes. 
 
 1651 to 1764. Upwards of 25 acts passed in 
 
 England for the regulation of trade 
 between England and her colonies, 
 monopolizing the colonial trade. 
 
 1651. The Navigation Act passed by the Long 
 
 Parliament under Cromwell, prohib- 
 iting the carrying of English products 
 to the colonies except in English or 
 colonial vessels, having an -English 
 captain and crew. 
 
 1651. Parliament demanded from Masachu- 
 setts her charter granted by Charles 
 I., a new one to be given by Parlia- 
 ment. Massachusetts made no reply 
 for a year, and then replied evasively. 
 
 1651. The Cambridge platform was adopted 
 by the Congregational churches of 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 1651. A stockaded village for Eliot's Indian 
 converts built at Natick and similar 
 communities formed in the neighbor- 
 hoods of Concord and Grafton. 
 
 1651. The wearing of gold or silver lace or 
 great boots made unlawful in Massa- 
 chusetts except for magistrates and 
 their families and persons having 200 
 pounds a year. 
 
 1651. Coddington returned from England 
 with a commission to establish a 
 government over the islands of Rhode 
 Island and Canonicut. 
 
 1651. In a struggle between Gov. Stuy- 
 vesant and the residents of New Am- 
 sterdam about an excise tax, Stuy- 
 vesant was compelled to yield. 
 
 1651. Gov. Stuyvesant built Fort Casimir near 
 the present city of Newcastle, Dela- 
 ware, below the Swedish forts. 
 
 1651. The disputes about territory between 
 
 the Dutch and New Englanders were 
 left to arbitrators, who settled on a 
 provisional boundary line, the latter 
 not to come within ten miles of the 
 Hudson river, Connecticut to have the 
 greater part of Long Island. 
 
 1652, March. Four Commissioners sent out 
 
 by Parliament under the common- 
 wealth to reduce the colonies removed 
 Gov. Stone and the government of 
 Maryland was vested in a Council of 
 Six, but Stone was re-instated in a 
 few months. 
 
 1652 to 1656. Massachusetts absorbed the set- 
 
 tlements in Maine. 
 
 1652. Massachusetts answered to the demand 
 of Parliament for the surrender of 
 its charter that they were contented 
 with their form of government and 
 hoped no change would be made. 
 
 1652. After the battles of Dunbar and Worces- 
 ter, Cromwell sent 270 of his Scottish 
 prisoners to Boston. 
 
 1652. The General Court of Massachusetts 
 established a colonial mint and for 
 
 thirty years coined " pine tree " shil- 
 lings and sixpences. 
 
 1652, Sept. Coddington's commission to es- 
 tablish a government over Rhode Inl- 
 and and Canonicut was revoked. 
 
 1652. John Cotton died., 
 
 1652. Parliament (under the Commonwealth) 
 appointed commissioners, to whom 
 the colony of Virginia at once sur- 
 rendered and the Puritan party took 
 the government. 
 
 1652. A court of justice constituted in New 
 Amsterdam, in the selection of whose 
 members the people had no part. 
 
 1652. Richard Bennett w'as first Governor of 
 Virginia under the Commonwealth, 
 being elected by the burgesses and 
 receiving his authority from them. 
 
 1652. A Huguenot colony had a brief exist- 
 
 ence in the region between Spanish 
 Florida and Virginia, afterwards 
 called Carolina. They were driven 
 out by the Spaniards. 
 
 1653. A convention of the people of New 
 
 York demanded a popular franchise. 
 Denied by Stuyvesant and he dis- 
 solved the convention. 
 1653. Albemarle founded by Virginia dissent- 
 ers under Roger Greene — the first 
 permanent settlement in North Caro- 
 lina. 
 
 1653, Dec. 16. Cromwell was declared Lord 
 
 Protector. Massachusetts did not 
 allow the event to be proclaimed 
 within her borders. 
 
 1654. Duties on inter-colonial trade ceased. 
 1654. Nova Scotia taken by the English from 
 
 the French. 
 
 1654. The contending factions in Rhode Isl- 
 and united under the charter Roger 
 Williams had brought from England 
 ten years before, and Providence, 
 Portsmouth, Newport and Warwick 
 came under the governance of Wil- 
 liams as President. 
 
 1654. Haynes died. 
 
 1654. Peace made between England and Hol- 
 land and Cromwell acknowledged the 
 Dutch title to New Netherland. 
 
 1654. Fort Casimir surrendered by the Dutch 
 to a Swedish war vessel. 
 
 1654, July. The Protestant party in Mary- 
 land gained the ascendancy, Gov. 
 Stone deposed and the government 
 given into the hands of Capt. Fuller 
 and a Puritan Council. 
 
 1654. Peace between the French and Iroquois, 
 and the Jesuits go among the Iro- 
 quois. 
 
 1654. English explorations of the Mississippi 
 
 Valley begin. . 
 
 i6ss, Nov. 3. Treaty of Westminster. 
 
 1655. The Spaniards surrendered Jamaica, 
 
 West Indies, to the English. 
 
 1655. Edward Winslow died. 
 
 1655. The Swedes compelled by the Dutch to 
 abandon their settlements on the Del- 
 aware river, and the territory came 
 under the control of the latter. 
 
 1655. Stone moved with forces against Provi- 
 dence, Maryland, the principal Puri- 
 tan settlement; a battle; Puritans 
 victorious ; four prisoners executed. 
 
 1655. Edward Digges succeeded Bennett as 
 
 Governor of Virginia. 
 
 1656, May. Anne Austin and Mary Fisher, 
 
 Quaker missionaries, arrived in Bos- 
 ton from England by way of the Bar- 
 badoes; they were at once arrested 
 and lodged in jail by the Dep.-Gov- 
 ernor and sent back to Barbadoes. 
 
 1656. Massachusetts enacted a law against 
 " all Quakers, Ranters and other no- 
 torious heretics," providing for their 
 whipping and imprisonment at hard 
 labor. 
 
 i65'5. Summer. Eight Quakers arrived in 
 Boston from London and were im- 
 mediately arrested. 
 
 1656. The sister of Deputy-Governor Belling- 
 ham hanged as a witch in Massachu- 
 setts. 
 
i6s6. 
 1656. 
 
 1656. 
 
 1656. 
 1656, 
 
 1657- 
 
 1657- 
 I&S7- 
 
 1657- 
 
 i6S7- 
 
 1657- 
 
 i6S7- 
 
 1657- 
 i6S7- 
 
 i6S7- 
 
 1658. 
 1658. 
 
 1658. 
 1658. 
 
 i6s8- 
 i6S9, 
 
 Miles Standish died. 
 
 Four Dutch clergymen in New Nctlier- 
 land. 
 
 Part of the Delaware country sold by 
 the Dutch West India Company to 
 the city of Amsterdam, which thus 
 became proprietary thereof. 
 
 Samuel Matthews succeeded Digges as 
 Governor of Virginia. 
 
 Sept. The Commissioners of Trade re- 
 ported to Cromwell in favor of Lord 
 Baltimore, who sent out his brother, 
 Philip Calvert, as a member of the 
 Council and Secretary of the Province 
 of Maryand, where there were now 
 two governments, one of the Puritans 
 and one of the Proprietor. 
 
 Nova Scotia ceded to France. 
 
 Bradford died. 
 
 A council of churches held in Boston 
 approved the principle of the " Half- 
 Way Covenant." 
 
 Each of the four confederated New 
 England colonies passed laws banish- 
 ing Quakers and making it a penal 
 offence to bring them to New Eng- 
 land. 
 
 The Plymouth colony enacted that 
 Quakers should not become freemen. 
 
 Proclamation issued ' against the Qua- 
 kers by the Dutch colony of New 
 York. 
 
 Massachusetts enacted that Quakers 
 who had been sent away and returned 
 should have their ears lopped off and 
 for the third offence have their 
 tongues pierced with red hot irons. 
 
 The New Haven colony required every 
 plantation to have a school. 
 
 The Federal Commissioners sent a let- 
 ter to the authorities of Rhode Island 
 asking them to banish and exclude 
 Quakers. The Rhode Island Assem- 
 bly refused. 
 
 Lord Baltimore restored to his pro- 
 prietorship in Maryland by the Eng- 
 lish Commissioners of plantations; 
 an act of indemnity passed; and a 
 policy of toleration adopted. 
 
 Eaton died. 
 
 The Federal Commissioners recom- 
 mended capital punishment for Qua- 
 kers and Massachusetts enacted death 
 as the penalty for their return after 
 banishment. 
 
 A law passed in Maryland agamst 
 Quakers. 
 
 When Oliver 
 Sept. 3i 
 
 year. 
 
 l6S9. 
 
 i6S9- 
 
 1660. 
 
 1660. 
 
 1660. 
 
 Cromwell died in this 
 
 _,^„., J,.. ^, Richard Cromwell was 
 
 accepted in Virginia without question. 
 1659. Radisson and Groseilliers, French 
 fur traders, visited Wisconsin and 
 probably saw the Mississippi. 
 
 September. William Robinson, Marma- 
 duke Stevenson and Mary Dyer came 
 to Boston expressly to defy the law 
 of death against Quakers; they were 
 banished; Mrs. Dyer went home to 
 her husband; Stevenson and Robm- 
 son went to Salem, and the three im- 
 mediately thereafter returned to Bos- 
 ton. 
 
 Oct. 27. Stevenson and Robmson 
 hanged on Boston Common. Mrs. 
 Dyer, after the rope was round her 
 neck, was reprieved on the promise 
 of her son to take her away. 
 
 Richard Cromwell abdicating. Sir Wil- 
 liam Berkeley was recalled to the 
 government of Virginia from his re- 
 tirement, being re-elected Governor 
 by the Assembly. , ^, , „ . 
 
 On the restoration of Charles 11. in 
 May, the control of the American 
 colonies was placed in the hands of a 
 council for the plantations. ' 
 
 On the restoration of Charles 11. 12 
 Privy Councillors were designated to 
 take the New England colonies in 
 ch3.r&f6. ■ • 
 
 By act of Parliament sugar, tobacco, in 
 digo and other articles were to be 
 
 shipped from the colonies to no coun- 
 try but England, and no one could be 
 a merchant or factor in the colonies. 
 
 1660. Under the Restoration, the Navigation 
 Act, passed in 1651, under the Com- 
 monwealth, was confirmed and ex- 
 tended. 
 
 1660, Spring. Mrs. Dyer, despite the efforts 
 of her husband and son, returned to 
 Boston. 
 
 1660, June I. Mrs. Dyer hanged, refusing 
 freedom at the last moment on con- 
 dition that she would go away and 
 stay. 
 
 1660, November. William Leddra, Quaker, 
 returned to Boston after banishment, 
 and refused during four months in 
 prison to promise to leave the col- 
 ony. 
 
 1660. Wenlock Christiason, Quaker, • re- 
 turned to Boston after banishment, 
 and was condemned to death, but not 
 executed, the Legislature modifying 
 the law. 
 
 1660. The law of Massachusetts of death 
 for offending Quakers, was repealed 
 and thereafter they were only flogged. 
 
 1660. Massassoit, chief sachem of the Wam- 
 panoags, and ally of the Plymouth 
 colonists, died, leaving two sons, 
 Wamsutta and Metacom, called by 
 the English ..lexander and Philip. 
 
 1660. Edward Whalley and William Goffe, 
 two of the tribunal which condemned 
 Charles I., escaped to New England. 
 A royal order for their arrest sent to 
 Boston. 
 
 1660. On the restoration of Charles II. the 
 King's party in Virginia took posses- 
 sion of the government, and Clay- 
 borne was dismissed from the Sec- 
 retaryship. 
 
 1660. On the return of the royalists to power 
 in Virginia, harsh measures against 
 dissenters were adopted. 
 
 1660. On the return of the royalists to power 
 
 in Virginia, the Navigation Act was 
 enforced, hampering the trade of the 
 province. 
 
 1661. Until this year Indian wampum was a 
 
 legal tender in New England and it 
 remained current for some time long- 
 er for small transaction?. 
 
 1661, March. William Leddra, Quaker, 
 hanged. 
 
 1661, April 23. Charles II. crowned. 
 
 1661. Charles II. sent letters to the New Eng- 
 land Governors ordering them to sus- 
 pend proceedings against the Quakers 
 and send those in prison to England 
 for trial. The Quaker prisoners were 
 thereupon released. 
 
 1661, August. Connecticut sent the younger 
 Winthrop to England to apply for a 
 charter for the colony. A charter 
 was granted which annexed New 
 Haven to Connecticut. 
 
 i66i. Virginia had 2,000 blacks. 
 
 1661. Charles Calvert, eldest son of Lord 
 
 Baltimore, became Governor of Mary- 
 land and continued so for fourteen 
 years. 
 .1662. Radison and Groselliers, French fur 
 traders, discovered James's Bay to the 
 far northeast, and saw the fur-trad- 
 ing capabilities of the Hudson Bay 
 region. 
 
 1662. Massachusetts ordered by the Crown 
 
 to grant suffrage, without reference 
 to opinion or profession, to allow the 
 Church of England to hold services, 
 to administer justice in the King's 
 name, and to compel all to swear al- 
 legiance to the King. The General 
 Court decreed that legal papers 
 should run in the King's name, but 
 disregarded the other commands. 
 1662. A synod of all the clergymen in Massa- 
 chusetts approved the Half Way 
 Covenant, with some dissenting 
 voices. 
 
 1662. 
 
 It was enacted in the Virginia colony 
 that children should follow the condi- 
 tion of the mother, making mulattoes 
 slaves. 
 1662, April 23. Charter to Lord Say and 
 Sele, Conecticut. 
 
 1663. 
 1663. 
 
 1663. 
 
 1663. 
 
 1663. 
 1663. 
 
 1664. 
 
 1664, 
 
 People from Barbadoes under Hilton 
 
 explore the Carolina coast. 
 Parliament enacted that European pro- 
 ducts should not be received in the 
 colonies from other than English ves- 
 sels, and levied prohibitory duties on 
 goods imported from other than Eng- 
 lish ports. 
 1663.A new and liberal charter for Rhode 
 Island. 
 The Dutch West India Company in des- 
 patches to Governor Stuyvesant con- 
 demned "rigorous proceedings against 
 sectaries." 
 The Puritans rose against the Govern- 
 ment in Virginia. Insurrection sup- 
 pressed and several leaders hanged. 
 William Sayle explored the coast of 
 
 Carolina. 
 Charles II. gave all Carolina from the 
 36th degree north latitude to several 
 favorites. William Drummond made 
 Governor of the northern district, 
 called Albemarle, and John Yeamans 
 of the southern district, called Clar- 
 endon. 
 Charles II. 'sent four commissioners to 
 Boston to look after the New England 
 colonies, with two ships of war and 
 400 troops under Col. Nichols. 
 Summer. Colonel Nichols, with two 
 ships of war, sailed from Boston and 
 took New Amsterdam from the 
 Dutch, and during the year the Dutch 
 possessions in America came into the 
 hands of the English. 
 New Amsterdam contained about 1,500 
 inhabitants when it came into the 
 possession of the English. 
 The Duke of York made proprietor 
 of the American territory taken from 
 the Dutch; the province and capital 
 were called New York, and Fort 
 Orange was rechristened Albany. 
 The Duke of York granted the lands 
 between the Delaware and the Hud- 
 son to Lord Berkeley and Sir George 
 Carteret under the name of New Jer- 
 sey. 
 First mention of slavery in Maryland. 
 The French occupy San Domingo. 
 The Royal Commissioners detached 
 
 Maine from Massachusetts. 
 Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck, an Indian, 
 was graduated as bachelor of Arts at 
 Harvard. 
 Incorporation of New Haven with Con- 
 necticut. 
 In New York a systematic code was 
 drawn up by Governor NichoUs and 
 a convention of settlers, called "The 
 Duke's Laws." Judicial districts 
 called "ridings" were created. 
 February. The proprietors of New Jer- 
 sey prepared an instrument compris- 
 ing "concessions and agreements" for 
 present and prospective settlers, 
 which served as a sort of constitu- 
 tion. 
 1665. Philip Carteret, a nephew of Sir 
 George, came as Governor of New 
 Jersey, and with him emigrants who 
 founded Elizabeth. 
 1665. Several hundred English colonists from 
 the island of Barbadoes planted the 
 district in Carolina known as Claren- 
 don. 
 
 1665. Another charter granted, making the 
 
 boundaries of Carolina 36 degrees 30 
 minutes on the north and 29 degrees 
 on the south. 
 1665-1666. De Courcelles' and De Tracy's 
 campaigns against the Mohawks. 
 
 1666, Jan. 29. France declares war against 
 
 England. 
 
 1664. 
 
 1O64. 
 
 1664. 
 1664. 
 1665. 
 
 1665. 
 
 1665. 
 1665. 
 
 1665, 
 
i666. The Virgin group (Leeward Islands, 1671, 
 West Indies), came into the posses- 
 sion of Great Britain. 
 1667.- Samuel Stevens succeeded Drummond 1671. 
 as Governor of the Albemarle dis- 
 trict (Carolina). g 
 1667. The Virginia Assembly ordained that ' ' 
 conversion and baptism should not 1671. 
 operate to set a slave free. 
 1667. The Jesuits again undertake Iroquois 
 missions, which exist for twenty 
 years. 1672. 
 1667. The Clarendon colony in Carolina 
 
 abandoned. 
 1667, July. The English defeat the French 
 
 fleet near Martinique. 1672. 
 
 1667, July 21. Treaty of Breda deprives 
 
 Holland of her North American col- 
 
 nies and cedes Acadia to France. 1672. 
 
 1668. Triple Alliance of Great Britain, the 
 
 United Provinces and Sweden 
 
 against France. 
 1668, May. Deputies from the New Jersey 1672. 
 
 towns, forming the First Assembly 
 
 of New Jersey, met at Elizabeth to 1672. 
 
 frame laws for the celony. 
 1668, June. Newark founded by emigrants 1672. 
 
 from the New Haven colony. 1672. 
 
 1668. After the Commissioners had returned 1673, 
 
 to England, Massachusetts resumed 
 
 possession of Maine. 1673, 
 
 1668. French Jesuit missionaries founded the 
 
 mission of St. Mary in Michigan, the 1673. 
 oldest European settlement there. 
 
 1669. The advocates of the Half- Way Cove- 
 
 nant organized the "Third Church in 
 Boston," and built the "South 1673. 
 Church," afterwards known as the 
 "Old South." 
 
 1669. Morton's "Memorial" issued at Cam- 
 bridge; derived largely from Brad- 
 ford's "History,"' which was then in 
 manuscript and was first printed in 1673. 
 . 1856. 
 
 1669. Lake Erie first navigated by whites. 1673. 
 
 1669. Site of Detroit first visited by the 
 
 French. « 1673. 
 
 1669. John Locke, the well known philoso- 
 pher, formed a scheme of colonial 
 government for the Lords Proprie- 
 tors of the Carolinas. 1673. 
 
 1669. The fir.st Legislature of Carolina met. 1674. 
 
 1669. John Lederer's explorations west of 1674. 
 Virginia and Carolina. 
 
 1669. Louis Joliet explores the Great Lakes. 1674. 
 
 1669. The Spaniards working mines in 
 
 Northern Georgia. 1674. 
 
 1669. Mohawk and Mohegan war. 
 
 1670. Hudson's Bay Company chartered by 
 
 Charles II. 
 
 1670. In a report on the state of the Virginia 
 
 colony Governor j Berkeley thanked 1674. 
 God that there were no free schools 
 nor printing in that colony.. 
 
 1670. In Virginia voting, until then the right 1674. 
 of all freemen, was restricted to prop- 
 erty holders. 
 
 1670. Population of Virginia 40,000. 2,000 1674. 
 negro slaves and 6,000 white servants. 1674. 
 48 parishes. 
 
 1670. The Ashley river settlement in Carolina 
 began under Joseph West and Wil- 
 liam Sayle. 1674 
 
 1670. Treaty of Madrid between England and 
 Spain. 
 
 1670. Castine taken by the French. 
 
 1670. Maine, east of the Penobscot, surren- 
 
 dered to the French. 1674. 
 
 1671. Courcelles established a post on Lake 
 
 Ontario. 1674. 
 
 1671. Saint Lusson took formal possession of 
 the northwest for the French Kins' at 
 Sault-Ste.-Marie. 
 
 1671. Freemen of the Plymouth colony re- 1675. 
 quired by law to be sober and peace- 
 able in their behaviour and orthodox 1675. 
 in "the Fundamentals of religion." 
 
 1671, April. Meeting at Taunton between 
 Philip (Metacom) and three Boston 
 men ; treaty made by which the In- 
 dians were to give up all their fire- 
 arms. 
 
 September. Philip summoned to Ply- 
 mouth with five under sachems and 
 solemnly warned to keep the peace. 
 
 Arrival in Carolina of Dutch emigrants 
 from New York. 
 
 Negro slaves imported into Carolina. 
 
 An act passed in Maryland encourag- 
 ing the importation of negro slaves, 
 which had been early introduced into 
 the colony. 
 
 Freedom of trade between the American 
 colonies destroyed by an act of the 
 English parliament laying imposts on 
 commerce between them. 
 
 The Susquehannock Indians of Penn- 
 sylvania annihilated by the Indians of 
 the Five Nations. 
 
 Charleston, Carolina, fixed upon as the 
 permanent site for the settlement of 
 the emigrants who were led by 
 Sayle. 
 
 Yeamans succeeded Sayle as Governor 
 of the Carolina colony. 
 
 George Fox visited the Quakers in Car- 
 olina. 
 
 Frontenac reaches Quebec. 
 
 Peter Stuyvesant dies. 
 
 Mar. England and France declare war 
 against Holland. 
 
 Mar. 18. Berkely sold to John Fen- 
 wick his interest in New Jersey. 
 
 Joliet and Marquette made a trip over 
 the Fox-Wisconsin waterway and 
 entered the upper Mississippi at 
 Prarie du Chien. 
 
 An act passed by Parliament which 
 crippled intercolonial trade, by sub- 
 jecting all commodities that could 
 have been supplied from England to 
 a duty equivalent to that imposed on 
 their consumption in England. 
 
 New York captured from the English 
 by a Dutch squadron. 
 
 The part of New Jersey belonging to 
 New York recaptured by the Dutch. 
 
 Charles II. granted all Virginia for 31 
 years to his favorites, Lords Arling- 
 ton and Culpepper. The colonists re- 
 
 • sisted. 
 
 July. Fort Frontenac built. 
 
 A Boston ship captures Castine. 
 
 The number of "praying Indians" in 
 New England about 4,000. 
 
 Joseph West succeeded Yeamans as 
 Governor of Carolina. 
 
 Sausamon, an Indian convert, warned 
 Governor Winslow that Philip was 
 conspiring against the English. Saus- 
 amon murdered by the Indians. His 
 murderers executed by the English. 
 
 New York restored to the English by 
 the treaty of Westminster. Sir Ed- 
 mund Andros made Governor. 
 
 New patent to the Duke of York, en- 
 larging his authority over New York 
 and New Jersey. 
 
 Population of New York about 7,000. 
 
 The city of New York issued water 
 works bills in denominations of 6 
 pence, I shilling, and 2, 4 and 8 shil- 
 lings. 
 
 New Jersey restored to the English by 
 the treaty of Westminster. A new ' 
 charter gave Sir George Carteret the 
 eastern part and the rest to the Quak- 
 er proprietors. 
 
 Philin Carteret came as Governor of 
 East Jersey. 
 
 Nine-tenths of the New Jersey lands 
 
 bought from Berkeley by Quakers fell 
 
 into the hands of William Penn and 
 
 his associates. 
 
 Trouble broke out with the Indians on 
 
 the Piscataqua. 
 The Council for Foreign Plantations ■ 
 dissolved and a standing committee 
 of the Privy Council of England, 
 styled "the Lords of the Comfnittee 
 of Trade and Plantations" (usually 
 called the "Lords of Trade") took 
 general charge of colonial affairs. 
 
 1675. At the outbreak of the great Indian war 
 under Philip, chief of the Pokanokets, 
 the whites of New England numbeied 
 about 60,000, and the Indians about 
 as many About 4,000 of the latter 
 were "praying Indians." 
 
 167s, June 20. The Pokanoket Indians burnt 
 Swanzey, a village near Philip's head- 
 quarters at Mt. Hope, and slew the 
 people. 
 
 167s, June. Within three days of the Swan- 
 zey massacre, colpnial troops drove 
 Philip from his position at Mt. Hope. 
 
 167s, June. The Indians burned 30 houses at 
 Dartmouth and flayed alive, impaled 
 and burnt whites there and at Mid- 
 dleborough and Taunton. 
 
 167s, July 14. The town of Mendon, Mass., 
 attacked by the Nipmucks. 
 
 167s, July. The Nipmucks killed Captain Ed- 
 ward Hutchinson and eight of his 
 men, while he was on his way to 
 hold a parley with them by appoint- 
 ment. 
 
 i67S,Aug. 2. Philip took part in an Indian as- 
 sault on Brookfield in the Nipmuck 
 country; the inhabitants besieged for 
 three days in a house, but rescued by 
 a relief party. 
 
 167s, Aug. 25. Captain Lothrop defeated the 
 Indians at Hatfield in the Connecti- 
 cut Valley. 
 
 167s, Sept. I. The Indians attacked Deer- 
 field and Hadley. 
 
 167s, Sept. 2. The Indians slew eight men 
 at Northfield. 
 
 167s, Sept. 4. The Indians killed Captain 
 Beers and 36 men marching to the 
 relief of Northfield. 
 
 167s, Sept. 6. Major Robert Treat with 100 
 Connecticut soldiers defeated the In- 
 dians at Northfield and brought away 
 the whites. 
 
 1675, Sept. 9 to 19. The Federal Commis- 
 sioners in session daily in Boston. 
 
 167s, Sept. 12. Captain Lothrop with 90 
 picked men, known as the "Flower of 
 Essex," attacked at Bloody Brook by 
 700 Nipmucks; all the whites but 
 eight killed. 
 
 167s, Oct. 5. The Indians attacked Spring- 
 field and burned 30 houses. 
 
 1675, Dec. 19. "The Great Swamp Fight." 
 Nearly a thousand whites from Mas- 
 sachusetts, Plymouth and Connecticut 
 attacked the Narragansett Indians 
 and completely defeated them, killing 
 about 1,000. about half their numb«-. 
 
 1675. Controversy between Maryland and 
 Pennsylvania concerning boundariej. 
 
 1675. Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore, died, and 
 Charles Calvert, his eldest son, suc- 
 ceeded to his title and as proprietor 
 of Maryland. Thomas Nutley sent 
 out as Deputy-Governor under him. 
 
 1675. John Fenwick reaches New Jersey. 
 
 1675. First Quaker meeting on the Delaware. 
 
 1676. A Dutch frigate captures Castine. 
 
 1676. The Lords of Trade sent Edward Ran- 
 dolph to Boston to find out the sent - 
 ments of the people in the Kennebec 
 and Piscataqua towns toward the gov- 
 ernment of Massachusetts. 
 
 1676, February. Shocking massacre of whites 
 
 by the Indians at Medfield. 
 1676, Feb. 10. The Nipmucks assaulted Lan- 
 caster and killed many and took cap- 
 tive others, among the latter Mrs. 
 Rowlandson. the minister's wife. 
 1676, February. The Federal Commissioners 
 called for a levy of 600 men to take 
 the field against the Nipmucks." 
 1676, March 26. Canonchet with the remain- 
 der of the Narragansetts met a com- 
 pany of Plymouth men near Pawtux- 
 et and slew them all, 140 of the In- 
 dians falling first. 
 1676, April S- Captain Denison with a Con- 
 necticut company defeated and cap- 
 tured Canonchet, who was handed 
 over to the Mohegans and toma- 
 hawked. 
 
1676, April 18. The Nipmucks killed 50 men 
 under Captain Wadsworth near Sud- 
 bury and burned six of them over 
 slow fires. That afternoon Wads- 
 worth's party killed 120 Nipmucks. 
 
 1676, May 18. Cantain Turner surprised and 
 killed 300 Nipmucks near the falls of 
 the Connecticut river since called by 
 his name. 
 
 1676, Spring. The Narragansetts and Wam- 
 panoags burned the towns of War- 
 wick and Providence. 
 
 1676, Spring. The Indians destroyed the 
 towns of Worcester, Marlborough, 
 Mendon and Groton burned houses 
 in Weymouth near Boston, and made 
 murderous attacks upon Sudbury, 
 Chelmsford, Springfield, Hatfield, 
 Hadley, Northampton, Wrentham, 
 Andover, Bridgewater, Scituate and 
 Middleborough. 
 
 1676, June. Major Talcott of Hartford in 
 four fights slew 300 to 400 of the Nar- 
 ragansetts, being nearly all of the 
 tribe left. 
 
 1676, July. Philip reappeared near Bridge- 
 water with a handful of followers. 
 
 1676, Summer. Philip defeated at Taunton. 
 
 1676, July. Captain Church patrolled the 
 country about Taunton, making pris- 
 oners of Wampanoags. 
 
 1676, Aug. 12. The whites attacked the re- 
 maining followers of Philip at Mt. 
 Hope, Bristol Neck, where he had 
 been shut up and besieged by Church, 
 and completely overthrew them. 
 Philip killed. 
 
 1676. Population of Boston, S,ooo. 
 
 1676. In Connecticut taxes were imposed 
 upon those wearing gold or silver 
 buttons, etc. 
 
 1676. The Penn party purchased the remain- 
 der of the Quaker interest in New 
 Jersey. 
 
 16^6. Carteret and the Quakers agreed upon 
 a boundary, between east and west 
 New Jersey, "from Little Egg Harbor 
 northwest to the Delaware at 41 de- 
 grees 40 minutes. 
 
 1676. The Virginia .Assembly declared war 
 against the Indians. 
 
 1676. A rebellion m Virginia under Nathan- 
 iel Bacon; Jamestown burned by the 
 rebels; rebellion suppressed and 23 
 executed. 
 
 1676. Thomas Eastchurcli appointed Govern- 
 or of Albemarle (Carolina), but he 
 ruled only through deputies. 
 
 1676. San Francisco established. 
 
 1677, February 29: Troops arrived in Vir- 
 
 ginia from England to support Berke- 
 ley. 
 
 1677. Governor Berkeley recalled to England 
 in disgrace and died soon after. 
 
 1677 Chief Justices North and Rainsford 
 decided that both Mason's claim and 
 that of Massachusetts to the towns 
 of Hampton, Exeter, Dover and 
 Portsmouth were invalid, leaving 
 them subject to none but the King. 
 
 1677. The Chief Justices decided that the 
 claim of the Gorges family in Maine, 
 based on a grant from James I., was 
 valid. 
 
 1677 Ferdinando Gorges, grandson ot the 
 
 first proprietor of the Maine district, 
 ceded to Massachusetts all his rights 
 there for 1,250 pounds in cash. Mas- 
 sachusetts governed it under the 
 Gorges charter., t- 1 j ^ 
 
 1677-1678. 400 Quakers came from England to 
 West New Jersey, which had come 
 into the possession of William Penn. 
 
 1677. Sir Herbert Jeffries, governor of Vir- 
 
 ginia. , ,.^ . 
 
 1678, Summer. The English of Maine pur- 
 
 chased peace with the Indians. 
 
 1678 The King appointed Randolph collector 
 
 and surveyor of customs at Boston, 
 with instructions to enforce the Nav- 
 igation laws. 
 
 1678. The Crown lawyers gave the opinion 
 that the charter of Massachusetts had 
 been rendered void by the offences 
 committed under it. The colonists 
 protested. 
 
 1678. New York contained 24 towns or vil- 
 lages and 2,000 men capable of bear- 
 ing arms. 
 
 1678. Sir Henry Chicheley Governor of Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 1678. The colonists in Albemarle (Carolina) 
 rose against Deputy-Governor Miller, 
 who was also collector of customs, 
 imprisoned him, chose Culpepper as 
 collector, and convened a new Assem- 
 bly. 
 
 1678. Treaty between England and the 
 
 Netherlands. 
 
 1679. John Cutts made royal governor of 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 1679, Ji'ly 2. DuLhut planted the arms of 
 France among the Sioux. 
 
 1679-1682. La Salle, fur trader, visited the 
 Mississippi via the great lakes and the 
 Chicago and Illinois portage. 
 
 1679. The King commanded Massachusetts to 
 surrender Maine to the Crown upon 
 repayment of the 1,250 pounds paid 
 to Gorges therefor. The General 
 Court gave an evasive answer. 
 
 1679. The towns of Portsmouth, Dover, Ex- 
 eter and Hampton were set aside by 
 Charles II. against their wish as a 
 royal province under the name of 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 1679. French Huguenots began to arrive in 
 considerable numbers to the Claren- 
 don settlements (Carolina), and a 
 party of Scotch Presbyterians estab- 
 lished themselves at Port Royal. 
 
 1679. Thomas, Lord Culpepper, Governor of 
 Virginia. v 
 
 1679. The tobacco planters in Virginia re- 
 
 belled and the Governor hanged a 
 number of them. 
 
 1680, Jan. La Salle builds Fort Crevecoeur 
 
 in the Illinois country. 
 1680, April 30. Carteret, of New Jersey ar- 
 rested by Andros. 
 
 1680. The settlement of Charleston, S. C, 
 removed to Oyster Point, the present 
 Charleston. 
 
 1680, May. The General Court of Massachu- 
 setts replied to the King's letter of 
 the year before, making no reference 
 to the demand for the surrender of 
 Maine except that they were "heartily 
 sorry that any actings of theirs should 
 be displeasing to his Majesty." 
 
 1680. Andros recalled. 
 
 1680. Sir George Carteret died. 
 
 1680-1681. Edward Byllinge, Governor of 
 West New Jersey. 
 
 1680. The Spaniards of Florida destroyed the 
 settlement at Port Royal. 
 
 1680. The companions of La Salle ascended 
 
 the Mississippi to the Falls of St. An- 
 thony. 
 
 1681, March 4. Charles II. gave William 
 
 Penn a proprietary charter of 4,000 
 square miles in America, to be called 
 Pennsylvania. Penn was made Gov- 
 ernor of the new territory. 
 
 1681, October. Three shiploads of Quaker 
 emigrants from England to Pennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 1681. An Episcopal church first built in 
 Charleston. South Carolina. 
 
 1681. A law passed in Maryland limiting suf- 
 frage to freeholders of 50 acres of 
 land or of other property worth 40 
 pounds. 
 
 1681. Josias Fendall and John Codde insti- 
 gated a revolt in Maryland, which 
 was promptly suppressed. 
 
 1681. Oldest meeting house now standing in 
 New England erected. 
 
 1681, Feb. 16. La Salle on the Mississippi, and 
 on Mar. 14, near the Arkansas, takes 
 possession of the country for France, 
 and Apr. 9th reaches its mouth and 
 calls the valley Louisiana. ' 
 
 1682, Aug. or Sept. Philadelphia laid out. 
 
 1682. Edward Cranfield, a greedy adventurer, 
 made Governor of New Hampshire. 
 
 1682. Dudley sent as agent to London and 
 with him a Mr. Richards, of the ex- 
 treme clerical party, to watch him. 
 
 1682. A letter arrived from the King to Bos- 
 ton demanding submission and threat- 
 ening proceedings against the char- 
 ter. 
 
 1682. The quarrel between the First Church of 
 Boston and the South Church came to 
 an end. 
 
 1682, Aug. 31. A large body of Quaker col- 
 onists sailed for Pennsylvania. Penn 
 followed with 100 more, arriving in 
 October. 
 
 1682. William Penn secured a grant of the 
 Delaware district. 
 
 1682, March. East New Jersey acquired from 
 the Carteret heirs by William Penn 
 and 23 associates. Robert Barclay 
 made Governor. 
 
 1682. Population of the Clarendon (Carolina) 
 settlements about 3,000. 
 
 1682. The slave code of Virginia became more 
 
 stringent in regard to freedom of 
 movement, carrying arms, treatment 
 of runaway slaves, etc. 
 
 1683. Mission of St. Francis de Sales estab- 
 
 lished at the falls of the Chaudiere, 
 and the work soon spread into Maine. 
 
 1683. Coriference of William Penn with In- 
 dian chiefs and purchase of land from 
 them. 
 
 1683. First meeting of Friends at Philadel- 
 phia. Soon after the Baptists began 
 to establish churches. 
 
 1683. A company of German Mennonites ar- 
 rived in Pennsylvania. 
 
 1683. Germantown, near/ Philadelphia, settled 
 by Germans. 
 
 1683. A school established in Pennsylvania. 
 
 1683. A vvoman tried in Pennsylvania as a 
 witch and bound to good behaviour. 
 
 1683. Thomas Dongan made Governor of 
 New York. 
 
 1683-1688. Under Governor Dongan in New 
 York an Assembly formed of 18 dep- 
 uties elected by the freeholders. The 
 Assembly, with the King's consent, 
 adopted a charter of liberties, making 
 the Assembly co-ordinate with the 
 Governor and Council, etc. 
 
 1683. An agreement between Connecticut and 
 New York was the basis of the pres- 
 ent boundary line, surveyed i878» 
 1879. 
 
 1683. The grant to Arlington and Culpepper 
 revoked. 
 
 1683. Seth Sothel sent out as Governor of 
 Albemarle (North Carolina). 
 
 1683. Scotch-Irish emigrants to Carolina. 
 
 1683, October. The agents of the English 
 
 Government returned. 
 
 1684. Randolph came from England with a 
 
 writ of quo warranto, not to be served 
 until he should have given Massachu- 
 setts one more chance to humble her- 
 self. 
 
 1684. A great meeting held in the Old South 
 Meeting House in Boston voted 
 against surrendering the charter of 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 1684, June 21. The charter of Massachusetts 
 declared null and void by a decree in 
 Chancery. 
 
 1684. October. An act of the Assembly of 
 New York received the Duke's assent, 
 passing a "charter of liberties and 
 privileges," including a guarantee of 
 "freedom of conscience and religion" 
 to those "who profess faith in God by 
 Jesus Christ." 
 
 1684. William Penn went to England on be- 
 half of his colony and did not revisit 
 America for 15 years. 
 
 1684. Lord Howard of Effingham Governor 
 of Virginia. 
 
 1684. A "Board of Proprietors" resident in 
 the colony of New Jersey put in 
 charge of details of business. 
 
1684. Perth Amboy, New Jersey, founded. 
 
 1684. Houses in Philadelphia, 357. 
 
 1684, 1694, 1711, 1722, 1748, 1751. Conventions 
 at Albany of American colonists for 
 consultation and combined action, 
 chiefly about the situation with refer- 1687. 
 ence to New France, and for treaty 
 arrangements with the Iroquois. 
 
 1684. Indian war on the upper lakes. 
 
 1684, Aug. La Salle sails to the Gulf of Mex- 
 
 ico from New Rochelle. 
 [685, February 2. Charles II. died and was 
 
 succeeded by James II. 
 685. After the revocation of the Edict of 
 
 Nantes in this year, Huguenot emi- 1687, 
 grants came to Carolina and settled 
 on the Cooper river. 150 Huguenot 
 famili^ came to Massachusetts. 
 
 1685. New Hampshire reunited to Massachu- 
 
 setts. 
 
 1685. Governor Cranfield of New Hampshire 1687. 
 obliged to fly to the West Indies, hav- 
 ing incensed the people by his tyr- 
 anny. 
 
 1685. A boundary dispute between Pennsyl- 1687, 
 vania and Maryland arbitrated by 
 the English Government. 1687. 
 
 1685. James II. abolished the popular assem- 
 bly of New York, and made New 
 York a royal province. 1687. 
 
 1685. 200 emigrants from England to New 
 Jersey. 
 
 1685. James II. dissolved the Virginia assem- 1688. 
 bly. 
 
 1685. Population of Pennsylvania more than 
 
 7,000, a majority English, but also 1688. 
 many Dutch, French, Scotch-Irish. 
 Finns and Swedes. 
 
 1685. William Bradford's press established in 
 
 Philadelphia, the first in the middle 1688. 
 colonies. 
 
 1686, Nov. 16. Treaty of neutrality for 
 
 America between France and Eng- 
 land. 1688, 
 
 1686, May 14. Randolph arrived from Eng- 
 land with an order to set up a pro- 
 visional government over Massachu- 
 setts, Maine, New Hampshire and j688, 
 the "King's Province," or New York. 
 Joseph Dudley made President. r688^ 
 
 1686. James II. deprived New York of its rep- 
 resentative government. The Gov 
 ernor and Council were ordered to 
 establish the Church of England in 
 the province and to refuse permits to t68S, 
 schools not licensed by the church. 
 
 1686. James II. had writs of quo warran'o 
 issued against the New Jersey gov- 
 ernments on the ground of wholesale 1688, 
 smuggling by the residents. 
 
 1686, Dec. 20. Sir Edmund Andros made 
 Governor of Massachusetts, Maine, 
 New Hampshire and P ymo'' h ■ ' 
 der the title of Governor of New i6?.8. 
 England. 
 
 1686, December. Andros demanded the char- [688. 
 ters of Rhode Island and Connecti- 
 cut. Rhode Island surrendered its (688. 
 charter, and was joined to the do- 
 minions of Andros, but Connecticut 
 refused. 1688. 
 
 1686. Executive power vested in five members 
 of the Council of Pennsylvania. 
 
 1686. Governor Colleton in Carolina endeav- 1688. 
 
 ored to enforce the adoption of the 
 "Fundamental Constitutions" sought 
 to be introduced by the Proprietors (689, 
 which the colonial parliament with- 
 stood. 1689, 
 
 1687. Andrew Hamilton Governor of East 
 
 Jersey. , 1689. 
 
 1687 A formal demand by Andros for the 
 Old South Meeting House in Boston 
 for Episcopal services was refused. 1689, 
 
 1687 Good Friday. The sexton of the Old 
 South Meeting House was compelled 
 to open it for Episcopal service, and 1689, 
 thenceforward until the overthrow of 
 Andros such services were held 
 therein alternately with Congregation- 
 al services. 
 
 1687. Arbitrary taxes imposed m Massachu- 1689, 
 
 setts ; Dudley appointed censor of the 
 
 press; the General Court abolished; 
 
 the power of taxation ta1<en from the 1689, 
 
 town meetings and lodged with the 
 
 Governor. 
 
 The town of Ipswich, led by its pastor, 
 John Wise, protested against the tak- 
 ing of the power of taxation from the 
 town, and Wise was imprisoned, and 1689. 
 on his trial in October was fined SO 
 pounds and suspended from the min- 
 istry. 
 
 New Jersey added to the terri- 
 tories subject to Andro3. 
 
 October. Andros went to Hartford to 
 
 seize the charter of Connecticut, but 1689, 
 Governor Robert Treat concealed ir. 
 Andros declared the colony annexed 1689. 
 to the other colonies which he gov- 
 erned. 
 
 The charter of Rhode Island rescinded, 
 but the decrees against it and the 
 charter of Connecticut were never ex- 
 ecuted in due form. 1689. 
 
 Jan. La Salle starts to go up the Mis- 
 sissippi River to Canada and is killed. 
 
 The Spanish missions reached the Gulf 
 of California.and afterwards extended 
 northward along the coast. 
 
 A negro insurrection in Virginia and 
 
 the statutes for the repression of 1689. 
 slaves became exceedingly severe. 
 
 The Albemarle (North Carolina) As- 
 sembly banished Governor Sothel for 
 twelve months. 
 
 John Coode headed an insurrection in 
 Maryland under the auspices of the 
 Association for the Defense of the 1689. 
 Protestant Religion. 
 
 William Stoughton in his election ser- 
 mon said, "God sifted a whole nation 1689, 
 that he might send choice grain into 1689. 
 the wilderness. 1689 
 
 Pastorius, a Lutheran pietist, with oth- 1690. 
 ers, went to the Friends meeting in 
 Pennsylvania and protested against 
 the purchase or sale of slaves. 
 
 April. The proprietors of New Jersey 
 surrender their patent. 1690, 
 
 April. Andros set out to erect a 
 house for Episcopal worship in Bos- 
 Ion, the Puritans there having refused 
 him the use of the Old South Meet- 1690, 
 ing Hou?e. 
 
 May 25. Increase Mather went to Eng- 
 land from Massachusetts to implore 
 redress of the grievances of the colo- 1690, 
 nies. 
 
 / rg. II. Andros arrived to consolidate 
 the norihern colonies under a vice- 
 regal povfrnment, and New York and 1690, 
 New Jersey came under his control. 
 Hi^ seat of government wa? in Boston. 
 
 •' \"oman named Glover hanged as a 
 witch in Massachusetts. 
 
 Nov. 5. William III. landed in Eng- 
 land. "Revolution of 1688." 1690. 
 
 / fter the Revolution in England, the 
 Jerseys were left under the control of 1690. 
 the county and town officers. 
 
 About 200,000 Europeans under the 12 1690. 
 colonial governments in North Amer- 
 ica. 1690. 
 
 In Maryland 25,000 persons, white and 
 black; in Virginia 60,000; in the 1690. 
 Carol inas 4.000. 
 
 Feb. 3. Reign of William and Mary 1690. 
 began. 1690. 
 
 early. Frontenac made Governor of 
 
 New France in America. 1690, 
 
 Assaults by the French on Schenectady, 
 Salmon Falls in Dover, Casco Bay in 
 Maine, and Exeter. 
 
 April 4. The news of the landing of the 1691. 
 Prince of Orange in England brought 
 to Boston by John Winslow. 1691, 
 
 April 18 and 19. Citizens and militia in 
 
 Boston imprisoned Andros and other 1691. 
 members of the government; a pro- 
 visional government formed ; the old 
 magistrates reinstated. 
 
 April. Accession of William and Mary 1691. 
 
 proclaimed nf.'Virginia by order of 
 the Council. 
 I, May. The orddi^jio proclaim William 
 and Mary received in Boston and 
 obeyed with enthusiasm on the 29th. 
 The old governments reestablished in 
 Plymouth, Connecticut and Rhode 
 Island. 
 
 The Prince of Orange issued a letter 
 instructing the people of Boston to 
 preserve decorum and acquiesce in 
 the government of Andros until other 
 arrangements could be made. Increase 
 Mather, then in London, prevented 
 the letter being sent. 
 
 June 8. The new church for Episcopal 
 worship opened in Boston. 
 
 At the time of the Revolution the de- 
 crees anulling the charters of Con- 
 necticut and Rhode Island had not 
 been formally enrolled, and they were 
 treated as void and the old charters 
 allowed to remain in force. 
 
 When the news of the Revolution in 
 England arrived in New York the 
 people rose under Jacob Leisler, 
 seized the fort, drove out Deputy 
 Governor Nicholson, and placed the 
 government in Leisler's hands, who 
 retained office for three years. 
 
 After the Revolution in England the 
 proprietary rule in Maryland was 
 overthrown, the Association for the 
 Defence of the Protestant religion 
 seized the political power and for a 
 short time persecuted the Roman 
 Catholics. 
 
 Gov. Colleton proclaimed martial law 
 in Carolina, which was resisted, and 
 he was banished from the province. 
 
 Aug. 4 -5. The Iroquois attack Lachine. 
 
 War between France and Spain, 
 to 1697. King William's War. 
 
 The French sent three winter expe- 
 ditions, composed mostly of Indians, 
 against vthe English frontier line in 
 New York, New Hampshire and 
 Maine. 
 
 Feb. The first colonial congress in 
 America called by Leisler, consisting 
 of seven delegates, mostly from New 
 England, met at Albany. 
 
 May 1. Delegates from the colonies of 
 Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut 
 and New York, to concert measures 
 against the French. 
 
 Aug. 9. 2,000 men sailed from Nantas- 
 ket, near Boston, to attack Quebec; 
 small-pox on board ; compelled to re- 
 turn; about 1,000 died. 
 
 Sept. 10. Major Richard Ingoldsby 
 with two companies of grenadiers 
 landed in New York; Leisler and his 
 principal abettors arrested; eight 
 convicted, including Leisler and Mil- 
 borne. 
 
 Schenectady burned by the Indians and 
 French. 
 
 Sir Francis Nicholson Governor of Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 Seth Sothel driven out of South Caro 
 Una. 
 
 French Protestant emigrants to Caro- 
 lina. 
 
 Massachusetts issued paper money, the 
 first cotony to do so. , 
 
 Sir William Phips conquers Acadia. 
 
 New Hampshire temporarily added to 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 Sept. New charter for the province of 
 Massachusetts Bay decided on; 
 Plymouth colony and Acadia included 
 in the charter. 
 
 Col. Henry Sloughter arrived as Gov- 
 ernor of New York. 
 
 May 16. Leisler and Milborne ex- 
 ecuted. 
 
 A representative assembly called in New 
 York, which annulled Leisler's pro- 
 ceedings and formulated a code simi- 
 lar to the earlier charter of liberties. 
 
 The Delaware district granted to Wil- 
 
liam Penn and known as the " terri- 1694. 
 tories " was given a separate assem- 
 bly and a deputy-governor. 1694. 
 
 1691. The two Carolinas made one province 
 
 by the proprietaries, and Philip Lud- 1695, 
 
 well, of Virginia, was first Governor 
 
 of the united colonies. ifiPS- 
 
 1691. The House of Burgesses of Virginia 
 
 sent Commissary Blair to England to 1695. 
 solicit a patent for a college. 
 
 1691. Maryland declared a royal province; 1696. 
 
 Sir Lionel Copley first royal Gov- 
 ernor; Church of England estab- 1696- 
 lished; Catholics persecuted. 
 
 1692. New Hampshire became a separate col- 1696. 
 
 ony. Samuel Allen appointed Gov- 1696. 
 ernor. 1696. 
 
 1692, May. The new charter for Massachu- 1697. 
 setts received at Boston; it allowed 
 the people a representative assembly ; i697- 
 the Governor to be appointed by the 
 Crown ; a small property qualifica- 
 tion for suffrage substituted for the I097. 
 religious one before prevailing ; ex- 
 clusive right of the legislature to im- 
 pose taxes; laws passed by the Gen- 1097. 
 eral Court subject to the King's veto. 
 
 1692. Sir William Phips first royal Governor 1097. 
 of Massachusetts under the new char- 
 ter. 
 
 1692. A special court of Oyer and Terminer 
 
 organized to try persons accused oi l697- 
 witchcraft, at Salem. Hundreds ar- 
 rested, 19 hanged, one pressed to 
 death for refusal to plead, two died 
 in prison. 1697. 
 
 1692. The Church of England in New York 
 
 began to repress as far as possible all i697- 
 forms of dissent. 
 
 1692. Benjamin Fletcher Governor of New id97- 
 York from this year till 1698. 1698. 
 
 1692. Andrew Hamilton made Governor of 
 both the Jerseys. 
 
 1692-1694. William Penn dispossessed of his 1698. 
 colony by the Crown for two years. 
 
 1692. Thomas Smith succeeded Ludwell as 
 Governor of the united Carolinas. 
 
 1692; Sir Edmund Andros Governor of Vir- 1698. 
 ginia. 
 
 1692. Sir Francis Nicholson Governor of 
 Virginia again. 
 
 1692. William and MaE^^ College in Virginia 1098. 
 founded. 
 
 1692, early. Sir Lionel Copley arrived in 
 Maryland as Governor. 
 
 1692. Indian depredations in Maine in this 1698. 
 and the two following years. 1698, 
 
 1692. Frontenac's last campaign against the 1699, 
 
 Iroquois. 
 ifi93. The witchcraft craze in Massachusetts id99- 
 exhausted itself and there was a gen- 
 eral jail deliverv. 
 
 1693. The judicial districts in New York 1099. 
 
 called ridings, established in 1663, 
 developed into counties. ^^ 
 
 1693. The ferriage from New York to Brook- id99- 
 lyn was eight stivers in wampum, or 
 a silver two-pence. - i"99- 
 
 1693. An act of the New York Assembly pro- 
 vided that in four specified counties ' 
 there should be five ministers, each io99 to 
 county to raise a sum for their main- 
 tenance. 
 
 1693. Governor Fletcher, of New York, com- 
 missioned to take military control of 1099. 
 Connecticut, went to Hartford to do 
 so, met with iriob violence, and re- 
 turned. 
 
 1693. The Delaware " territories " and Penn- 1700. 
 sylvania reunited under Fletcher s 
 rule. 
 
 1693. Commissary Blair returned from Eng- 1700 
 land to Virginia with the charter of 
 William and Mary College; the sec- 
 ond American college. Harvard bemg 1700. 
 the first and Yale the third. I700 
 
 1693. The proprietaries of Carolina abandoned 
 
 the Locke constitutionb. 1700. 
 
 1694. Castine captured by the French and 
 
 Indians. 1700. 
 
 1694. Stoughton becoiries Governor of Massa- 
 chusetts. 
 
 Penn reinvested with his proprietary 
 rights. 
 
 The capital of Maryland removed from 
 St. Mary's to Annapolis. 
 
 Feb. 18. Sir William P^i"- ■^'"'.s in Lon- 
 don. 
 
 Parliament reversed the attainder of 
 Leisler and his associates. 
 
 Joseph Archdale became Governor of 
 Carolina. 
 
 D' Iberville planted a colony on the 
 shores of Biloxi. 
 
 Joseph Blake became Governor of 
 Carolina. 
 
 Newfoundland yielded to the French. 
 
 French incursions in New England. 
 
 Nova Scotia made a royal province. 
 
 Treaty of Ryswick restores Acadia to 
 the French. 
 
 Samuel Cranston chosen Governor of 
 Rhode Island and continued in office 
 for 30 years. 
 
 March 15. The Indians attacked Ha- 
 verhill and carried away Hannah 
 Dustin and others. 
 
 Andover, Mass., sacked by French and 
 Indians. 
 
 William Penn laid before the Board of 
 Trade a plan for a union of the colo- 
 nies for defensive and other purposes, 
 which failed of adoption. 
 
 Bellomont appointed Governor of New 
 York, New Jersey, Massachusetts 
 and New Hampshire, and Com- 
 mander of the forces of the colonies. 
 
 In South Carolina religious liberty 
 adopted except for " papists." 
 
 Trinity Church established in New 
 York. 
 
 Population of Virginia nearly 100,000. 
 
 Randolph appointed Surveyor General 
 of the northern ports of America, to 
 collect customs. 
 
 The Earl of Bellomont came from Eng- 
 land as Governor of New York, New 
 Jersey, Massachusetts and New 
 Hampshire. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Charter School 
 opened in Philadelphia and was foi 
 so years the only public school in the 
 province. 
 
 Capital of Virginia removed from 
 Jamestown to Middle Plantation, 
 which became afterwards Williams- 
 burg. 
 
 Pensacola occupied by the Spanish. 
 
 Nov. 28. Frontenac dies. 
 
 Dec.7. Iberville's second voyage to 
 Biloxi. 
 
 Parliament enacted that no wool, fleece 
 spun or woven, could be exported by 
 the colonists in North America. 
 
 Gov. Bellomont by invitation visited 
 Boston, and won much favor there by 
 siding with the popular party. 
 
 A French settlement first planted in 
 Louisiana. 
 
 De Richebourg's colony of Huguenots 
 settled on the upper waters of the 
 James river in Virginia. 
 1776. The Delaware counties or 
 " territories " were under the same 
 Governor as Pennsylvania, but with a 
 separate legislature. 
 
 Penn, on .his return from England, ex- 
 erted himself on behalf of the negroes 
 and Indians and formed a treaty with 
 40 chiefs of the latter. 
 
 Samuel Sewall made the first attack in 
 New England upon slavery as im- 
 moral, 
 and 1701. Laws passed in New York ex- 
 pelling Roman Catholic priests and 
 ■' papist recusants." 
 
 Yale College founded. 
 
 First Commencement of William and 
 Mary College. 
 
 James Moore appointed Governor of 
 Carolina. 
 
 Population of the North American colo- 
 nies about 250,000 ; of the New Eng- 
 land colonies more than 105,000, of 
 
 1700, 
 
 1701, 
 
 1701. 
 
 1 701. 
 1701. 
 
 1701. 
 1701. 
 
 1701. 
 
 1701. 
 
 1701. 
 1702, 
 1702. 
 
 1702, 
 1702, 
 
 1702. 
 
 whom 70,000 were in Massachusetts 
 and Maine, 5,000 in New Hampshire, 
 6,000 in Rhode Island, and 25,000 in 
 Connecticut ; of the middle colonies 
 (New York, New Hampshire, Dela- 
 ware and Pennsylvania) 59,000; of 
 New York alone about 25,000, of 
 whom 2,500 were blacks; of Penn- 
 sylvania and Delaware alone abouf 
 20,000; of the southern colonies 
 89,000; in Virginia the blacks nearly 
 equalled the whites. 
 Sept. 8. Treaty of Canada with the Iro- 
 quois. 
 July 7. William Stoughton (Mass.) 
 
 dies. 
 Iberville's third voyage to the Gulf of 
 
 Mexico. 
 Father Kino's explorations in California 
 Penn returned to England, leaving his 
 colony of Pennsylvania a new charter 
 of privileges. 
 Detroit settled. 
 
 Most oi" all of the American colonies 
 by this time had a freehold test for 
 voting. 
 Gov. Bellomont, of New York and New 
 Jersey, brought the pirate Kidd to 
 the gallows. 
 Gov. Bellomont, of New York and New 
 
 Jersey, died. 
 Yale College chartered. 
 March 8. Accession of Queen Anne. 
 Lord Cornbury succeeded the Earl of 
 Bellomont as Governor of New York 
 and New Jersey. 
 June I. Queen Anne proclaimed in Bos- 
 ton. 
 June. J-oseph Dudley became Governor 
 of Mass., and held the office for 13 
 years. 
 Cotton Mather's Magnalia Christi is- 
 sued. 
 
 1702 to 1713. Queen Anne's War. 
 1702. The proprietors of the Jerseys surren- 
 dered all their claims to the Crown, 
 and New Jersey became a royal col- 
 ony ruled by the New York Governor 
 through a deputy. 
 Most of the Biloxi colony moved to 
 
 Mobile and settled there. 
 Frontier war in New England, lasting 
 
 for some years. 
 War in South Carolina with the Apalat- 
 
 chees. 
 In New York County Boards, consist- 
 ing of Supervisors from the towns, 
 were established, their chief duties 
 being to levy, collect and apportion 
 taxes. 
 The Delaware counties recognized as a 
 separate colony, with an assembly of 
 its own, but under the same govern- 
 ment as Pennsylvania. 
 The first settled Episcopal minister in 
 North Carolina. 
 1703-1708. In South Carolina the Proprietors 
 attempted to exclude all but Church 
 of England men from the Assembly, 
 and the dissenters successfully ap- 
 pealed to the House of Lords. 
 The Indians attacked Deerfield and 
 killed 60 persons and took 100 cap- 
 tive to Canada. 
 A Church of England school established 
 in New York City by the English So- 
 ciety for the Propagation of the 
 Gospel. 
 The Earl of Orkney appointed Gov- 
 ernor of Virginia, but he never came 
 to the province, though he held the 
 office for 40 years : a sinecure. 
 A law passed in Carolina excluding dis- 
 senters from the provincial assembly. 
 Beverley's " History of the Colony " of 
 
 Virginia published. 
 First church built in North Carolina. 
 Insurrection in Virginia headed by 
 
 Thomas Carey. 
 A witch " ducked " in Virginia. 
 The French made an unsuccessful at- 
 tack on Charleston, South Carolina. 
 
 1702. 
 1703. 
 1703. 
 1703. 
 
 1703. 
 
 1703. 
 
 1704. 
 
 1704. 
 
 1704. 
 
 1704. 
 1705- 
 
 1705- 
 1705- 
 
 1705- 
 1706. 
 
1707. 
 1707. 
 
 1708. 
 
 1708. 
 
 1708. 
 1708. 
 
 1709. 
 
 1709. 
 1710. 
 
 1710. 
 
 1 7 10. 
 
 1710. 
 
 1711. 
 
 1711. 
 
 1711, 
 
 1712. 
 
 1712. 
 1712. 
 
 1713- 
 
 1713. 
 1713. 
 
 1714, 
 1714. 
 1714. 
 
 171S. 
 
 1715- 
 
 1715. 
 
 1715. 
 
 1715- 
 
 1715. 
 
 1715- 
 1716. 
 
 1716. 
 
 1716. 
 1717. 
 
 1717. 
 
 1717. 
 1717, 
 
 1717. 
 
 More French Protestants 
 North v^arolina. 
 
 An expedition of 1000 men, organized 
 by Governor Dudley, failed to cap- 
 ture Port Royal. 
 
 Lord Cornbury, Governor of New 
 York and New Jersey, having become 
 very unpopular, was recalled. 
 
 In South Carolina two-thirds of the 
 population of the negro race. 
 
 Population of Rhode Island 7181. 
 
 A synod called by the colonial legisla- 
 ture to meet at Saybrook to regulate 
 ecclesiastical arrangements. 
 
 A convention of several of the colonial 
 governors met at New London to 
 consult about a proposed expedition 
 to Canada. 
 
 Paper money issued in New York and 
 New Jersey. 
 
 New England troops, chiefly from Mas- 
 sachusetts, and royal marines cap- 
 tured Port Royal, Nova Scotia, which 
 was renamed Annapolis. 
 
 Alexander Spotswood came from Eng- 
 land as Lieut. Governor of Virginia 
 (and virtually Governor) and brought 
 with him a concession of the right oi 
 habeas corpus. 
 
 Governor Spotswood of Virginia arrest- 
 ed Thomas Carey and sent him a 
 prisoner to England. 
 
 A general post-office established by 
 Act of Parliament throughout the 
 American colonies. 
 
 A convention of colonial governors 
 met at New London in reference to a 
 proposed expedition to Canada. 
 
 The blacks in New York City accused 
 of plotting against the whites and 19 
 of them hanged. 
 
 Sept. 22. The Tuscaroras massacre 
 whites in Carolina. 
 
 Col. Moore's march from South Caro- 
 lina to the relief of North Carolina. 
 
 Mass. Province bills made legal tender. 
 
 Aug. Truce between England and 
 France. 
 
 The Tuscarora Indians of North Caro- 
 lina joined the Iroquois confederacy, 
 and the " Five Nations " became the 
 " Six Nations." 
 
 Boundary question between Massachu- 
 setts and Connecticut settled. 
 
 By the treaty of Utrecht of this year 
 Newfoundland was acknowledged as 
 British territory. 
 
 Aug. I. Accession of George I. 
 
 23,000 slaves in Virginia. 
 
 In Connecticut 38 towns, 43 ministers, 
 about 33,000 people. 
 
 In Rhode Island seven towns with a 
 population of about 9,000. 
 
 Edenton, North Carolina, founded, and 
 the legislature met there. 
 
 The proprietorship of Maryland re- 
 established. 
 
 The laws of Maryland revised and 1723 
 formed into a code. 
 
 Jeremiah Dummer issued his famous 
 
 Defence of the American Charters. 
 Rhode island disfranchises Roman Cath- 
 olics. 
 
 Yemassee war in Carolina for two 
 years. 
 
 Spotswood opens a way over the Blue 
 
 Ridge to the Ohio lands. 
 Route from the lakes by the Miami and 
 
 Wabash opened. 
 The Natchez attack the French. 
 Whale fishery in New England begin- 
 
 ing 
 Sir William Keith, the last governor of 
 
 Pennsylvania commissioned by Penn 
 
 himself. 
 Illinois joined to Louisiana. 
 Sept. 6. The Company of the West 
 chartered, with John Law director, 
 
 later known as the Company of the 
 
 Indies. 
 Robert Johnson became Governor of 
 
 Carolina. 
 
 came to 1717 
 
 1717. 
 
 1718. 
 1718. 
 
 1718. 
 1718. 
 1719. 
 
 1719- 
 
 1719. 
 
 1719. 
 1719. 
 
 1719. 
 
 1719. 
 
 1719. 
 
 1720. 
 
 1720. 
 
 1720. 
 
 1721. 
 1721. 
 
 1721, 
 
 1721. 
 
 1722. 
 
 A church founded in Summer stfeet, 
 Boston, by the name of the New 
 South. 
 
 John wise's "Vindication of the Gov- 
 ernment of the New England 
 Churches " published. 
 
 French seiLlements in uie (J.»io Vailey. 
 
 Potatoes mcroduced into New tingiand 
 by the Scotch-Irish. 
 
 William Penn died. 
 
 New Orleans founded. 
 
 120 Presbyterian families from the 
 north of Ireland settled at London- 
 derry in New Hampshire and else- 
 where. 
 
 The English Commons declared Amer- 
 ican manufactures dangerous, be- 
 cause conducive to independence. 
 
 In South Carolina there was a popular 
 uprising against the policy of the pro- 
 prietors, and the Governor was de- 
 posed. 
 
 the hrst Dunkers reach Pennsylvania. 
 
 i he Irish begin to come lo j. enn.y.- 
 vania. 
 
 Mother Goose tales published in Bos- 
 ton. 
 
 Negroes brought to Louisiana from 
 Guinea. 
 
 The first newspaper established in Phil- 
 adelphia — the American Messenger uy 
 Andrew Bradford. 
 1720-1728. Burnet the Governor of New York. 
 He obtained a law forbidding trade 
 with Canada, in order to weaken 
 
 An iron furnace erected in Pennsylva- 
 France. 
 
 nia, the first one in the middle group 
 of provinces. 
 
 The French begin the defences at 
 Louisburg. 
 
 Royal orders forbid the English colon- 
 ies to issue paper money. 
 
 Inoculation controversy in Boston. 
 
 Conlerence \.k.. ...e l ,je Nations at 
 Conestoga. 
 
 May 23. Francis Nicholson arrived as 
 Governor of Carolina. 
 
 Law passed in Carolina disfranchising 
 free negroes. 
 
 The lower house of the legislature in 
 Maryland resolved that the common 
 law and such statutes of England as 
 " are not restrained by words of local 
 limitation " together with the acts of 
 the local assembly were the standard 
 of government and judicature; but 
 the upper house and the proprietary 
 denied assent. 
 
 Governor Spotswood of Virginia cap- 
 tured the pirate Blackbeard. 
 
 Lovewell's or Gov. Dummer s war con- 
 tinues in New England ih.ee year^. 
 
 New York, Pennsylvania and Virginia 
 hold a conference with the iroquois. 
 
 The Duke of Montague came into pos- 
 session of St. Vincent, West Indies. 
 
 Benjamin Franklin went from Boston 
 to Philadelphia. 
 
 Aug. 23. Increase Mather died. 
 
 Second Natchez war. 
 
 Aug. A force went up the Kennebec 
 and destroyed the settlement of 
 Rasle, which was believed to be the 
 source of hostile Indian attacks. 
 
 Fort Dummer built, making the first 
 English settlement in Vermont. 
 
 May 8. Lovewell's fight at Pigwacket. 
 
 Western Massachusetts settled. 
 
 The New York Gazette, the earliest 
 newspaper in New York. 
 
 Rivalry o"f the French and English for 
 the possession of Oswego and Niagara 
 begins. 
 
 The Indians surrender to the English 
 a six-mile strip along the southern 
 shore of Lake Ontario. 
 
 Jan. 15. An " explanatory charter " for 
 Massachusetts adopted, settling certain 
 disputes. 
 
 Treaty of peace with the eastern tribes 
 of Indians. 
 
 1722. 
 
 1722. 
 
 1722. 
 1722. 
 
 1723, 
 1723. 
 
 1724, 
 
 1724. 
 
 1724, 
 1725. 
 1725. 
 
 1725. 
 
 1726. 
 
 1726, 
 
 1726. 
 
 1727, June II. Accession of George II. 
 
 1727. Cranston, Governor of Rhode Island 
 for 30 successive years, died. 
 
 1727. Joseph Jenckes succeeded Cranston as 
 Governor of Rhode Isand. 
 
 1727. July. Further Indian treaty at Fal- 
 mouth, Me. 
 
 1727. Oct. 29. Earthquake in New England. 
 
 1728. Feb. 13. Cotton Mather dies. 
 
 1728. The Massachusetts Assembly declared 
 their right under Magna Charta to 
 raise and dispose of money for the 
 public service of their own free ac- 
 cord. 
 
 1728. William Burnet, Governor of New York 
 and New Jersey, transferred to Mas- 
 sachusetts as Governor. 
 
 1728. A form of civil government established 
 
 in Newfoundland. 
 
 1729. Bishop Berkeley arrived in Newport. 
 1729. In Connecticut Baptists and Quakers 
 
 were exempted from helping to sup- 
 port Congregational worship if they 
 maintained worship for themselves. 
 
 1729. A writ of quo warranto issued against 
 the charter of the Carolinas, the pro- 
 prietors sold their interests to the 
 Crown, and a royal governor was 
 sent to each province. 
 
 1729. The City of Baltimor.e founded. 
 
 1729. The law of New York forbidding trade 
 with Canada repealed. 
 
 1729. The edifice now standing in Boston 
 known as the " Old South " built on 
 the site of the original Old South. 
 
 1729. Treaty of Seville, (England, France 
 anid Spain.) 
 
 1729, Nov. 29. Massacre by the Nathez. 
 
 1730, Aug. 10. Belcher arrives as governor 
 
 of Massachusetts. 
 1730. Rhode Island issues paper money. 
 1730. Early stragglers into Kentucky. 
 1730. The Natchez driven away. 
 1730. Baltimore, Maryland, laid out. 
 
 1730. Population of Rhode Island 17,935, of 
 
 whom 15,302 were whites, and the 
 rest negroes and Indians. 
 
 1731. By Franklin's exertions a public library 
 
 was begun in Philadelphia. 
 
 1731. The English began to repress the manu- 
 facture in the colonies of goods that 
 could be made in England. 
 
 1731. Verendrye penetrates to Lake Winne- 
 peg and discovers the Rocky Moun- 
 tains. 
 
 1731. The French first permanently occupy 
 the Lalce_ Champlain country. 
 
 1731. North Carolina a royal province. 
 
 1732. Indian treaty at Falmouth, Me. 
 
 1732. Lord Carteret conveys his rights under 
 the Carolina grant to the trustees of 
 the colony of Georgia. 
 
 1732, Feb. 22. George Washington born in 
 Westmoreland County, Virginia. 
 
 1732. James Oglethorpe and others in Eng- 
 land formed a company for the set- 
 tlement of the district now known as 
 Georgia and received a charter. 
 
 1732, Nov. 17. Oglethorpe arrived at 
 Charleston. 
 
 1732, Fall. Oglethorpe and 130 settlers went 
 to the new colony of Georgia. Ogle- 
 thorpe appointed Governor. 
 
 1732. About this time Scotch-Irish and Ger- 
 mans from the Potomac began to go 
 over the mountains to the valley of 
 the Shenandoah. 
 
 1732. Swiss emigrants settled in Carolina 
 near the Savannah river. 
 
 1732. Cosby, Governor of New York, quar- 
 reled with Rip van Dam, senior 
 councillor, about the latter's salary. 
 Cosby removed the Chief Justice, who 
 was to try the case, and appointed 
 another. 
 
 1732. An agreement between Pennsylvania 
 and Maryland reached as to the 
 boundary between them. 
 
 1732. Parliament forbade the export of hats 
 
 made in America. 
 
 1733, Feb. Gov. 'Oglethorpe of Georgia 
 
 founded Savannah. 
 
1733. May. Gov. Oglethorpe of Georgia 
 made an alliance with the Creek In- 
 dians and acquired from their chiefs 
 title to the territory described in the 
 charter of the colony. 
 
 1733. Parliament laid a duty on imports of 
 
 molasses except from the British 
 West Indies. 
 1733- Tobacco made a legal tender in Mary- 
 land because of the depreciation of the 
 paper currency. 
 
 1733- Richmond, Va., laid out. 
 
 1734, early. Gov. Oglethorpe of Georgia re- 
 
 turned to England, taking with him 
 Tomo-chi-chi and other Indians. 
 
 1734. Augusta, Georgia, founded 230 milej 
 up the Savannah river as a fortified 
 trading post in the Indian country. 
 
 1734. German Protestants from Salzburg s";!- 
 tled the town of Ebenezer in Georgia. 
 
 1734- John Peter Zenger, owner of the New 
 
 York Weekly Journal, opposing the 
 Governor, was imprisoned and pros- 
 ecuted for libel. Verdict of not 
 guilty. 
 
 1734. A remarkable awakening of religious 
 
 interest in the parish of Jonathan 
 Edwards, Northampton, Mass., and 
 in other places. 
 173s. The English Privy Council yielded th« 
 point raised by Massachusetts as to 
 their rights under Magna Charta in 
 the disposition of moneys raised by' 
 taxation. 
 
 1735- Salzburgers, Moravians and Highland- 
 
 ers came to Georgia in considerable , 
 numbers. 
 1735-1746. The boundary line between the 
 Carolinas defined. 
 
 1735. Indian treaty at Deerfield, Mass. 
 173s. Treaty with the Five Nations. 
 
 1736. The "Walking Purchase" in Pennsyl- 
 
 vania. 
 1736. The New York Assembly refused to 
 place moneys in the hands of the 
 Governor to be misapplied, or to con- 
 tinue revenue raised for more than 
 
 1736. 
 1736. 
 
 1736. 
 
 1736. 
 1736- 
 1736. 
 
 1737- 
 1737- 
 
 1737- 
 
 1738. 
 1738- 
 1739- 
 
 1739- 
 
 1739. 
 1740. 
 
 1740. 
 
 one year. 
 
 Gov. Ogelthorpe returned to Georgia 
 with 202 persons, English and .Ger- 
 man Lutherans and Moravians. 
 
 Gov. Oglethorpe planted several forts 
 on the southern frontier of Georgia 
 and made a treaty with the Chicka- 
 saw Indians. 
 
 An armed colony sent to found Freder- 
 ica at the mouth of the Altamaha on 
 the Spanish frontier. 
 
 John and Charles Wesley came to Geor- 
 gia from England. 
 
 Thomas Prince's "The History of New 
 England" published. 
 
 The first newspaper in Virginia, "Th-; 
 Virginia Gazette," published at Wil- 
 liamsburg. 
 
 About 100 families of Scotch-Irish came 
 to Virginia. 
 
 Gov. Oglethorpe of Georgia received a 
 commission as Colonel and was ap- 
 pointed to the chief command of the 
 South Carolina and Georgia troops. 
 
 A boundary commission adopted the 
 present line between Massachusetts 
 and New Hampshire and the present 
 western boundary of Maine. 
 
 Armed revolt of negroes on the Stono 
 river, Carolina, suppressed. 
 
 New Jersey received a Governor of its 
 own. 
 
 After a lull in the religious movement 
 begun in 1734 at Northampton, Mass., 
 it recommenced and 'spread. 
 
 The New York Assembly insisted on 
 making its appropriations specific and 
 naming the officials to whom salaries 
 were voted. 
 
 War between Spain and England. 
 
 An act of Pariiament of 1720 designed 
 
 to break up private banking was made 
 
 applicable to the American colonies. 
 
 Admiral Vernon's expedition agamst 
 
 the French in the West Indies was 1748. 
 participated in by men from nearly 
 every New England colony. 1748. 
 
 1740, May. Gov. Oglethorpe of Georgia with 
 
 2,000 troops from Georgia and Caro- 1748. 
 lina and some Indians besieged St. 
 Augustine, Florida. He failed. 1748. 
 
 1740. The religious excitement in New Eng- 
 
 land fanned to a flame by Whitefield, 
 who went thither from Georgia. 
 25,000 converts said to have been „ 
 
 made by him. '^ ' 
 
 1 741. Bebring sailed from the Pacific ocean to 
 
 the Arctic ocean. 
 
 1741. New Hampshire was separated from 
 Massachusetts and became a royal 
 province. 1749- 
 
 1741. The blacks in New York city accused of 
 
 plotting against the whites, and 18 of ^749- 
 them were hanged and 13 burned at 
 the stake. 
 
 1741. May 6. Wm. Shirley governor of Mass. 1749. 
 
 1741. The American Magazine published in 
 Philadelphia, the earliest magazine 
 in the English colonies. 
 
 1741. The Moravians founded Bethlehem in 
 
 Pennsylvania. 1749- 
 
 I7^2, July. Treaty with the Six Nations at 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 1742, June. A Spanish fleet of 51 vessels and 
 
 5,006 men appeared off the Island of 1749. 
 St. Simon. Repulsed by the English 
 under Oglethorpe. 1749- 
 
 1742. The Spaniards made an unsuccessful 1749. 
 attack by land and sea on Frederica. 
 
 1742. The Connecticut legislature expelled 1749. 
 
 from the colony James Davenport, 
 a preacher and fomenter of the "Sep- 1749. 
 aratist" movement in the churches. 
 
 1743. Gov. Oglethorpe of Georgia returned to 
 
 England and never returned to the 1749. 
 colony. The government was placed 
 in the hands of a President and four 1749. 
 Assistants. 
 1743. A Philosophical Society formed in f7S0- 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 1743. James Glen Governor of Carolina. 
 1744 to 1748. King George's War. 
 
 1744. Sir William Johnson appointed by Gov- 
 
 ernor Clinton of New York as Colo- I7S0- 
 
 nel of the Six Nations. 
 1744. A convention of commissioners from 1750. 
 
 Maryland, Virginia and Pennsylvania 
 
 met at Lancaster, Pa., for consulta- 1750. 
 
 tion and combined action. 
 1744, Mar. 15. France declares war against 1750. 
 
 England. 
 1744. June 2. The French declaration of war 
 reaches Boston. 
 
 1744. Treaty at Lancaster by which the. Six 
 
 Nations confirm to the English their 1751. 
 conquered territory beyond the 
 mountains. 
 
 1745. Lord Fairfax settles beyond the mount- 
 
 ains in Virginia. 
 
 1745. The Province of New York made 1751. 
 
 Sir William Johnson commissary for 
 Indian affairs. 17.SI- 
 
 174s. June 15. The fortress of Louisbourg. 
 on Cape Breton, surrendered to New 
 England troops from Massachusetts 1751. 
 under William Pepperell and an 
 English fleet. 
 
 1746. First charter to Princeton College. Its 1751. 
 
 germ was 'a school or "log college'' 
 
 set up at Neshaminy, 20 miles north 1751. 
 
 of Philadelphia. 1751. 
 
 1746. Parliament passed a general naturaliza- 1752, 
 tion law for the American colonies, 
 requiring seven years' residence, oath 
 of allegiance and profession of the 1752. 
 "Protestant Christian faith" as condi- 
 tions of voting. 1752, 
 
 1746. Futile Crown Point expedition. 
 
 1746. Aug. Ft. Massachusetts attacked. 
 
 1747. Jan. 3 1. Battle of Minas. 
 
 1747, June. Montreal Island raided upon by 1753. 
 the English. 
 
 1747. Stith published a history of Virginia 1753, 
 
 down to 1624. 
 
 1748. By the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Louis- 1753. 
 
 bourg was surrendered to France. 1753. 
 
 Sir William Johnson set over all tht 
 frontier defences. 
 
 Virginians hunted and made claims in 
 Kentucky and Tennessee. 
 
 First settlement west of the mountains 
 made on the Kanawha river. 
 
 Samuel Davies settled in Hanover 
 County, Virginia. He was after- 
 wards President of Princeton Col- 
 lege. 
 
 The price in paper money in the Amer- 
 ican colonies of lOO pounds in coin 
 ranged from 1,100 pounds in Nev; 
 England to 180 pounds in Pennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 4,000 emigrants from England founded 
 Halifax. 
 
 A land company purchased the Mason 
 claim in New Hampshire, which re- 
 leased all the settled districts. 
 
 William Shirley, Governor of Massa- 
 chusetts, went to England to promote 
 the settlement of the boundary be- 
 tween the colonies and New France. 
 Unsuccessful. 
 
 The Ohio Company formed by Virgin- 
 ians and received from the King ? 
 grant of a vast tract of territory, 
 500,000 acres, on the Ohio river. 
 
 The University of Pennsylvania found- 
 ed. 
 
 Slavery introduced into Georgia. 
 
 In Philadelphia there were 1,864 houses 
 and II places of worship. 
 
 May 10. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle pro- 
 claimed in Boston. 
 
 New England reimbursed in specie for 
 her outlay on the Louisburg expe- 
 1 ion. 
 
 Oct. 16. Massachusetts makes a treaty 
 with the Eastern Indians. 
 
 Disputes over the New Hampshire 
 grants, lasting forty years. 
 
 The French began to stir up the Indian? 
 of New York to marauding raids 
 westward and strengthened their 
 fleet on Lake Ontario and built a new 
 fort at Niagara. 
 
 Parliament ordered the suppression of 
 all rolling mills, forges and furnaces. 
 
 Sir William Johnson given a seat in the 
 Colonial Council by the King. 
 The fisheries of Massachusetts £250,- 
 000 per year. 
 
 Population of the 13 American colonies 
 about 1,370.000; of the middle colo- 
 nies, 355,000, of which New York had 
 90,000, New Jersey, 80,000, Pennsyl- 
 vania and Delaware, 185,000. 
 
 An act of Parliament forbade the issue 
 of further colonial paper money ex- 
 cept in cases of invasion or for the 
 annual current expenses of the gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 The first Provincial Assembly of Geor- 
 gia met. It had only advisory power. 
 
 George Washington was appointed one 
 of the adjutant generals of Virginia 
 with the rank of major. 
 
 Frederick, the sixth and last of the Bal- 
 timores, inherited the province of 
 Maryland. 
 
 Robert Dinwiddle arrived as Lieut.- 
 Governor of Virginia. 
 
 Population of Maryland about 145,000. 
 
 Sugar cane introduced into Louisiana. 
 
 June 13. Virginia treats with the In- 
 dians at Logstown and builds a fort 
 at the forks of the Ohio. 
 
 The French began to attack the Eng- 
 lish pioneers in Ohio. 
 
 June 23. Georgia surrendered its char- 
 ter to the Crown, and the colony be- 
 came a royal province. Population 
 about 2,300 whites and 1,000 slaves. 
 
 The French descended the Allegheny 
 in force and erected Fort Duquesne. 
 
 Oct. 31. Washington sent with a letter 
 by Dinwiddle to St. Pierre. 
 
 Population of Georgia, 5,000. 
 
 Population of Philadelphia, 14,563. 
 
I7S3- Connecticut colonizes lands in Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 1753- The French occupy the Ohio country. 
 
 1754- The English plant posts west of the 
 
 AUeghanies. 
 
 1 754. Jan. i6. Washington returned from a 
 mission to" the French on the Ohio to 
 remonstrate against their encroach- 
 ments. 
 
 1 754, July 4- Washington surrendered Fort 
 Necessity at Great Meadows, near the 
 forks of the Ohio, to the French. 
 
 1754. A convention at Albany of delegates 
 from New Hampshire, Massachusetts. 
 Rhode Island, Connecticut, New 
 York, Pennsylvania and Maryland 
 to consider the Indian question anJ 
 to form a union for defence of inter- 
 ests in peace and war. A plan of un- 
 ion prepared by Benjamin Franklin 
 adopted by the convention, but re- 
 jected by the colonial assemblies. 
 
 1754. The French and Indian war broke out. 
 
 1754. Dobbs became Governor of Carolina. 
 
 1754. Fort Cumberland built northwest of 
 Winchester on the Maryland shore 
 of the Potomac. 
 
 1754. An English theatrical company licensed 
 to act plays in Philadelphia. 
 
 1754. King's college (now Columbia) 
 founded. 
 
 1754. First printing press in North Carolina. 
 
 1754. Population of Pennsylvania and Del- 
 
 aware, 195,000; of New England, a 
 little less than 400,000, of which New 
 Hampshire had 40,000, Massachusett'^ 
 and Maine, 200,000; Rhode Island, 
 40,000; Connecticut, 110,000. 
 
 '755- General Edward Braddock appointed 
 commander-in-chief of all the colonial 
 forces and arrived in February with 
 two regiments. 
 
 '755- Washington made aide-de-camp to 
 General Braddock and appointed 
 commander-in-chief of the Virginia 
 forces by the Virginia Assembly, 
 with i40,ooo for military uses. 
 
 '755. April 14. Braddock convened a coun- 
 cil at Alexandria, Virginia, at which 
 were present besides himself. Admiral 
 Keppel and the Governors of Massa 
 chusetts. New York, Pennsylvania, 
 Maryland and Virginia. 
 
 [755. Expedition against the French in Nova 
 Scotia, from which the French set 
 tiers (Acadians) were expelled. 
 
 175s, May. Braddock commissioned Sir Wil- 
 liam Johnson as Major-General at 
 Alexandria and placed him in com- 
 mand of an expedition to Crown 
 Point. 
 
 175s, July 9. The English under Braddock de- 
 feated at the battle of Mongahela by 
 French and Indians from Fort Du- 
 quesne. Braddock mortally wounded. 
 
 1755, July 13. Braddock died. 
 
 175s. Sept. 8. Colonials and Indians under 
 Sir William Johnson defeated the 
 French army under Baron Dieskau 
 at the battle of Lake George. 
 
 1755. Expedition of the English against Fort 
 Niagara, which failed. 
 
 1755. About 1,425,000 Europeans in the North 
 American colonies and about 260,000 
 negroes slaves. 
 
 1755. Shirley's Stamp Act in Massachusetts. 
 
 1755. Gov. Shirley, of Mass.. in command of 
 the British forces in North America. 
 
 1755. Indian warfare on the Virginia front- 
 iers in this and succeeding years. 
 
 1 755. Nov. 18. Earthquake in New England. 
 
 1756, May 18. War formally declared be- 
 
 tween the English and the French — 
 usually called the French and Indian 
 war. 
 
 [756, May. Montcalm with French forces to 
 Quebec. 
 
 1756, June. Abercrombie arrived with Eng- 
 lish forces, which he billeted on tho 
 people of Albany. 
 
 1756, July. Arrival of Loudon to command 
 the English forces. 
 
 1756, Aug. 14. Oswego surrendered to Mont- 
 calm. Loudon withdrew to New 
 York. 
 
 1756, Autumn. Provincials under Capt. John 
 Armstrong exterminated the Dela 
 ware Indians of Kittanning. 
 
 1756. Fort Loudon constructed on the Ten- 
 nessee. 
 
 1756. In Virginia 173,000 whites and I20,oo» 
 
 slaves. 
 
 1757. Jan. A sharp engagement between the 
 
 French and English at Ticonderoga. 
 
 1757. March. The French attacked Fort Wil- 
 liam Henry on Lake George unsuc- 
 cessfully. 
 
 1757. June. Troops under Loudon reached 
 Halifax. 
 
 1757. July- -A. squadron from England to 
 Halifax. 
 
 1757- The French assembled 22 ships of the 
 line at Louisburg to resist the English 
 attack; the English had 16 ships and 
 frigates and 10,000 men. 
 
 1757- Franklin in London as the agent of 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 1757, Aug. 5. Montcalm invested Fort Wil- 
 liam Henry on Lake George with 
 French and Indians. 
 
 1757. Aug. 9. Fort William Henry surren- 
 dered to the French. Massacre of the 
 English by the Indian allies of the 
 French. 
 
 1757, Sept. The English squadron at Halifax 
 disabled by a storm. Loudon re- 
 turned to New York with his forces. 
 
 1757. Nov. A German settlement on the Mo- 
 
 hawk burned and sacked by the 
 French and Indians. 
 
 1758, May 28. An English fleet under Bos- 
 
 cawen, with Amherst and Wolfe on 
 board, reached Halifax — ^22 line of 
 battle ships, 15 frigates, 10,000 troops. 
 
 1758, June 7. The English fleet and troops 
 invested Louisbourg. 
 
 1758, July 8. An English force under Aber- 
 crombie attacked Ticonderoga and 
 were repulsed. 
 
 1758, July 26. Louisbourg taken by the Eng- 
 lish under Amherst and Wolfe. 
 
 1758., Mar. Rogers' defeat on Lake Cham- 
 plain. 
 
 1758. A colonial constitution granted to Nova 
 Scotia by the English. 
 
 1758. Cape Breton recaptured by the Eng- 
 lish. 
 
 1758, Aug. 26. Fort Frontenac surrendered 
 to an English force under Bradstreet. 
 
 1758, Nov. 25. Fort Duquesne taken by the 
 
 English. 
 
 1759, July 25. Fort Niagara surrendered to 
 
 the English. 
 
 1759. July 26. The French abandoned Ticon- 
 deroga under English attack. 
 
 1759. August I. The French driven from 
 Crown Point. 
 
 1759, Sept. 12. The British under Wolfe gain 
 the Heights of Abraham, Quebec. 
 
 1759, Sept. 12. Death of Wolfe. 
 
 I7S9, Sept. 14. Death of Montcalm. 
 
 1759. Sept. 18. Quebec surrendered to the 
 
 English. 
 
 1760, Apr. Levis defeats Murray at Ste. F'oy 
 
 or Sillery. 
 
 1760, May. The French fleet in the St. Law- 
 rence destroyed by the English. 
 
 1760, May. Levis abandons the siege of Que- 
 bec. 
 
 1760, June 4. Agreement of Baltimore and 
 Penn. 
 
 1760, Sept. 7. Montreal surrendered to the 
 English by the French. 
 
 1760. Ships to the extent of 20,000 tons annu- 
 ally were being built in American 
 shipyards, chiefly in New England. 
 
 1760, Oct. 25. Accession of George III. 
 
 1760. Physicians first licensed in New York. 
 
 1760. The first medical school in America es- 
 tablished in Philadelphia. 
 
 1760, Nov. 29. Beletre surrenders at Detroit. 
 
 1760, Dec. 27. News of the death of George 
 II. reaches Boston. 
 
 1760, Francis Bernard governor of Massachu- 
 
 setts and Sir Joseph Wright gov- 
 ernor of Georgia. 
 
 1761, Jan. 27. Thomas Hutchinson, chief jus- 
 
 tice of Massachusetts. 
 
 1 761. John Adams considered that the Amer- 
 ican Revolution began at this date. 
 
 1761. Application to the Supreme Court of 
 Massachusetts for a writ to search 
 stores and vessels for smuggled goods 
 vigorously resisted by the Boston bar, 
 including James Otis. 
 
 1761, Dec. Legislature of New York refused 
 
 to pay a judge appointed by the 
 Crown. 
 
 1762. The Governor of New Jersey deposed 
 
 for appointing a judge during good 
 behaviour. Maryland and Pennsyl- 
 vania made to feel their dependency 
 in the same direction. 
 1762, Jan. I. England declares war with Spain 
 
 takes Marinique, St. Lucia and St. 
 
 Vincent; Aug. 13 takes Havana. 
 
 1762, Nov. 3. Louis XV. by a secret treaty 
 
 cedes to Spain Louisiana west of the 
 Mississippi, with the Island of New 
 Orleans east of it. 
 
 1763. Geo. Grenville, Prime Minister of Eng- 
 
 land. 
 
 1763. Controversy begins between Virginia 
 and Pennsylvania over their rights in 
 the country beyond the AUeghanies. 
 
 1763, Jan. The English government orders 
 Connecticut to cease colonizing the 
 Wyoming country. 
 
 1763, Feb. 10. Treaty of Paris, by which 
 Spain cedes Florida to England; the 
 islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon 
 are confirmed to France; Acadia is 
 confirmed to England. 
 
 1763. Grenada and the Grenadines (colonized 
 by the French previously) came into 
 possession of the English. 
 
 1763. Dominica (Leeward Islands, West In- 
 dies) ceded by France to England, 
 but several times recaptured and not 
 finally relinquished to England till 
 1814. 
 
 1763, May 7. Indian War under Pontiac 
 be<?ins by an attempt of the Indians 
 to seize Detroit. 
 
 1763, May. Forts Sandusky and St. Joseph 
 fall before the Indians. 
 
 1763, June. Michilimackinac and other places 
 fall before the Indians. 
 
 1763. English naval officers invested with the 
 powers of revenue officers in the colo- 
 nies. 
 
 1763. A royal proclamation forbade land sales 
 by the colonies west of the Alleghe- 
 nies, thus turning the Mississippi val- 
 ley into a Crown domain, and the set- 
 tlers there were put under military 
 rule. 
 
 1763. All issues of colonial paper money de- 
 clared void. 
 
 1763. St. Louis founded by Laclede. 
 
 1763. Population of the southern colonies, not 
 counting Georgia, 625,000, of which 
 Maryland had 154,000, Virginia nearly 
 300,000, the majority being blacks. 
 North Carolina go,ooo, of which 20 
 per cent, were slaves. South Carolina 
 80,000, the blacks being two or three 
 times as numerous as the whites. 
 
 1763, Aug. s and 6. Battle of Bushy Run. 
 
 1763, Oct. 15. Connecticut settlers attacked in 
 the Susquehanna country (Pennsyl- 
 vania). 
 
 1763, Nov. Gen. Gage succeeds Amherst as 
 comnjander-in-chief of the English 
 forces in North America. 
 
 1763, Nov. 3. Treaty of Fontainebleau be- 
 tween England and Spain. 
 
 1763, Dec. Patrick Henry questions the 
 
 King's prerogative. 
 
 1764. Reports reach America in the winter 
 
 that the English ministry has deter- 
 mined to raise a revenue from the col- 
 onies. 
 
1764, 
 1764 
 
 1764, 
 
 1764, 
 1764, 
 1764. 
 
 1764, 
 1764. 
 i76S- 
 1765, 
 176s, 
 176s, 
 176s, 
 
 176s, 
 1765, 
 
 1765, 
 
 1765, 
 176s, 
 
 1765- 
 1765. 
 
 1766, 
 
 1766. 
 1766, 
 
 1767, 
 1767. 
 
 1767. 
 
 March. Notice given in the English 
 Parliament that at the next "session 
 a stamp act for America would be in- 
 troduced, 
 to 1779. Negro slaves landed in West 
 Indian and American ports. 
 Apr. 6. Grenville's act, to take effect 
 Sept. 30, modifying the sugar act of 
 1733- 
 May 24. Boston organizes action against 
 
 taxation by parliament. 
 June. Col. Bradstreet's campaign along 
 
 the great lakes. 
 Major Loftus with English troops as- 
 cends the Mississippi from New 
 Orleans. 
 Oct. Nov. Bouquet marches into the 
 
 Muskingum Valley. 
 Sir William Johnson's treaties with the 
 
 Indians. 
 John Adams combating the monarchical 
 
 system. 
 Feb. 27. A stamp act passed by the 
 
 English Commons. 
 March 8. The stamp act passed the 
 
 House of Lords. 
 March 22. Royal assent given to the 
 
 Stamp act. 
 May 30. The Virginia House of Bur- 
 gesses declared against taxation ex- 
 cept by their own representatives and 
 that they would obey no law not 
 passed by their own General Assem- 
 bly. 
 Aug. 26. Hutchinson's house in Boston 
 
 sacked. 
 Oct. 10. Fort Chartres turned over to 
 English troops, and English troops for 
 the first time occupy the Illinois coun- 
 try. 
 Oct. 7. A colonial congress called by 
 the Massachusetts Assembly and 
 known as the Stamp Act Congress 
 met in New York, with delegates 
 from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, 
 Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Maryland 
 and South Carolina, and the sym- 
 pathy of the other colonies. 
 Oct. 25. The colonial Stamp Act Con- 
 gress adopted three memorials, re- 
 spectively to the King, the Lords and 
 the Commons, pleading and urging 
 colonial rights. 
 Nov. I. On this, the day the Stamp 
 Act was to go into effect, the news- 
 papers of America appeared as before 
 on unstamped paper and v/ere filled 
 with patriotic editorials. There was 
 a general cry of " Liberty, prosperity 
 and no stamps." 
 The Sons of Liberty Association 
 lormed after the passage of the Stamp 
 Act. Mobs and riots iir Boston. 
 Parliament passed a modification of the 
 English Mutiny Act, whereby the 
 colonies might be required to furnish 
 rations or other necessities for the 
 troops. 
 Jan. 28. Franklin examined before Par- 
 liament as to the Stamp Act. 
 Royal artillery arrive in Boston. 
 Feb. 22; Stamp Act repealed, but with 
 the declaration that Parliament had 
 absolute power to tax. 
 June 29. Parliament imposed direct 
 taxes on wine, oil, dried fruits, paper, 
 paints, tea and other articles, to be 
 collected in American ports. 
 Parliament enjoined New York from 
 further independent action until it 
 should have complied with the Act 
 for billeting troops, which its legisla- 
 ture had ignored. 
 Under the terms of the agreement as 
 to boundaries between Pennsylvania 
 and Maryland, Mason and Dixon, two 
 eminent London mathematiijians, ran 
 the " Mason and Dixon " line, sepa- 
 rating the southern colonies from the 
 northern. 
 
 1768, 
 1768, 
 
 1768. 
 
 1768. 
 1768. 
 
 1768. 
 
 1768. 
 1768, 
 
 1768, 
 1768. 
 1768. 
 
 1769. 
 1769. 
 
 1769. 
 
 1769. 
 1770, 
 1770, 
 
 1770. 
 
 1771, 
 
 1771, 
 
 1772, 
 
 1772. 
 1772. 
 
 1772, 
 1772. 
 
 1773- 
 
 1773- 
 
 1773- 
 
 1773, 
 
 1773. 
 1773, 
 
 1773, 
 
 1773- 
 1773- 
 
 Jan. The legislature of Massachusetts 
 issued a circular to the other colonies, 
 claiming among other things exemp- 
 tion from taxation except by their 
 own representatives. 
 
 April. Parliament demanded the with- 
 drawal and disavowal of the circular 
 issued in January by Massachusetts, 
 and Governor Bernard was instructed 
 to dissolve its legislature as often as 
 it should refuse. 
 
 Gov. Bernard, of Massachusetts, with- 
 out waiting for troops expected from 
 England, summoned a man-of-war 
 from Halifax, and her captain began 
 to impress seamen, and the sloop 
 Liberty belonging to John Hancock 
 was seized on a charge of false entry. 
 
 The Virginia House of Burgesses 'is- 
 sued a circular calling for union of 
 the colonies in defence of their rights 
 and liberties. 
 
 Virginia, New Hampshire, Connecti- 
 cut, New York, Maryland and South 
 Carolina supported Massachusetts in 
 her refusal to withdraw the circular 
 of January, 
 
 In North Carolina the upland farmers 
 organized bands of " regulators " to 
 resist the exactions of the revenue 
 officers. Governor Tryon attacked 
 them with troops and quelled them. 
 
 The term American Whig first used for 
 the native party. 
 
 Sept. 24. Treaty at Fort Stanwix, de- 
 fining a line between the English col- 
 onies and the Indians, later known as 
 the "property line". 
 
 Sept. 27. An English fleet and troops 
 sent to Boston to menace it arrived 
 there. 
 
 The people of New Orleans rose against 
 the sovereignty of Spain and were 
 free for a year. 
 
 Proprietaries of Pennsylvania secure by 
 an Indian deed the territory which 
 Connecticut claimed under her char- 
 ter, and built there in January, 1769, 
 a block house, while the Connecticut 
 people contested their occupancy in 
 the ground in Feb. The warfare lasted 
 till 1771. 
 
 Dartmouth College founded. 
 
 Spanish occupancy of California. Mon- 
 terey founded and San Francisco Bay 
 discovered. 
 
 Lord Botetourt dismissed the Virginia 
 Legislature. 
 
 In Philadelphia 318 houses. 
 
 March 5. " The Boston massacre." 
 
 April 12. All the duties except on tea 
 repealed. 
 
 Lord North begins to be premier of 1774, 
 England. 
 
 Mar. Hutchinson becomes governor of 
 Massachusetts. I774, 
 
 May 16. A battle between Governor 1774, 
 Tryon of North Carolina and 1,200 
 troops with insurgent colonists; the 
 latter routed. 
 
 June 9. The Gaspee, an armed English 1774, 
 schooner in the revenue service,board- 
 ed by disguised men and burned. 1774, 
 
 Samuel Adams published the " Rights 
 of the Colonies." 
 
 The legislature of Virginia organized 1774, 
 a committee of correspondence with 
 the other colonial assemblies, and the 
 others followed its example. 
 
 Aug. 8. Gage warns white settlers not ^yy^^ 
 to pass the line established in 1768.. 
 
 The Moravians remove from Pennsyl- 
 vania to the Muskingum. j^^^^ 
 
 The East India Company despatched 
 cargoes of tea to New York, Charles- 
 ton, Philadelphia and Boston, free of 
 English tax and subject only to the 
 threepenny duty in the ports of entry. 
 
 In New York the Sons of Liberty 
 formed a vigilance committee and or- 
 
 1774, 
 1774, 
 
 1774, 
 
 1774, 
 
 1774, 
 1774. 
 
 1774, 
 
 1774, 
 
 1774, 
 
 ganized bands of " Mohawks," or- 
 dered the harbor pilots not to bring 
 the tea above Sandy Hook, and des- 
 patched it back when it arrived. 
 
 In Charleston a cargo of tea sent from 
 England was landed, but seized by 
 the Collector and stored in damp cel- 
 lars, where it rotted. 
 
 Oct. 18. Mass meeting in Philadelphia 
 to denounce the sending of tea to 
 that port subject to the threepenny 
 duty. 
 
 Nov. 28. Cargo of tea arrived in Bos- 
 ton and soon after two others. Pre- 
 vented landing by citizens' patrol. 
 
 Dec. 18. Meeting in the Old South 
 Church, Boston, of excited citizens, 
 and 40 or 50 men disguised as Mo- 
 hawk Indians flung 300 chests of tea 
 from the vessels which had brought 
 them into the water. 
 
 Dec. 25. A vessel with a cargo of tea 
 sent by the East India Company 
 stopped in the Delaware, and on the 
 28th the captain sailed back to Eng- 
 land. 
 
 Provincial bills of credit were made 
 receivable as legal tender at the treas- 
 uries of the colonies emitting them. 
 
 Benjamin Franklin, then in England, 
 obtained copies of a correspondence 
 between Governors Hutchinson, Oli- 
 ver and Paxton with Lord Grenville, 
 forwarded them to Samuel Adams, 
 Speaker of the Massachusetts Assem- 
 bly, who read them to the legislature, 
 creating a tempest of popular feeling, 
 
 Jan. Franklin summoned before the 
 British Privy Council for trial. 
 
 Jan.31. Franklin removed from the 
 office of deputy post-master-general 
 for the colonies., 
 
 March 31. Parliament passed the Bos- 
 ton Port Bill, closing the harbor. 
 
 April 19. Edmund Burke's speech on 
 American taxation. 
 May 13. The Port Bill reached Boston. 
 
 May 24. The Virginia legislature or- 
 dered the day on which the Port Act 
 was to take effect to be observed as a 
 fast day. 
 
 May 29. The Committee of Corres- 
 pondence in Virginia called a conven- 
 tion to elect delegates to a proposed 
 congress. 
 
 May. Gage came to Boston as Gov- 
 ernor of Massachusetts and com- 
 mander of the King's forces in North 
 America. 
 
 May. Governor Gage prorogued the 
 Massachusetts Assembly, to meet 
 again at Salem on June 7th, after the 
 enforcement of the Port Bill.' 
 
 June I. The Port Bill went into force. 
 The other colonies observed the day 
 as a solemn fast. 
 
 June I. Hutchinson leaves Boston. 
 
 June 7. The Massachusetts Assembly 
 met, Samuel Adams as Speaker. Its 
 opening resolutions were for concilia- 
 tion. 
 
 June. Solemn League and Covenant in 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 July. Sir William Johnson dies and 
 Col. Guy Johnson succeeds him as 
 Indian Superintendent. 
 
 June and July. Rhode Island, Massa- 
 chusetts, Maryland and New York 
 successively voted for a congress of 
 the colonies. 
 Sept. S. The British began to fortify 
 the neck between Boston and the 
 mainland. 
 
 Sept. S- The first Continental Congress 
 met in Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia. 
 12 colonies represented. The avowed 
 object was " the union of Great Brit- 
 ain and the colonies on a constitu- 
 tional foundation." It admitted the 
 right of Parliament to tax the Amer 
 ican commonwealths if confined to 
 
imperial matters, that is, to foreign 
 trade. It adjourned Oct. 26th. 
 
 1774. Parliament passed an act legalizing the 
 billeting of troops in Massachusetts. 
 
 1774. Parliament passed an act ordaining that 
 magistrates, revenue officers and other 
 officials indicted in Massachusetts for 
 capital offences should be tried in 
 Nova Scotia or Great Britian. 
 
 1774. Parliament passed an act empowering 
 the King to appoint the Massachu- 
 setts Council and remove members at 
 pleasure, virtually abrogating the 
 charter of the colony. 
 
 1774. Parliament passed a bill forbidding the 
 New England colonies to fish on the 
 Banks. 
 
 1774, Sept. 9. The "Suffolk Resolves'' in 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 1774, Oct. 5. The legislative assembly of 
 Massachusetts resolves itself into a 
 Provincial Congress. 
 
 1774, Oct. 6. Skirmish between the frontiers- 
 men and the Shawnee Indians near 
 the confluence of the Kanawha with 
 the Ohio river ; the former victorious. 
 
 1774. Parliament passed the " Quebec Act " 
 depriving that province of the right of 
 Habeus Corpus and establishing the 
 French customary law. 
 
 1774. The New York Committee of Corres- 
 pondence disbanded after proposing 
 a general congress of the colonies, 
 and a new committee, 50 in number, 
 led by John Jay, was formed. 
 
 1774. Governor Dunmore dismissed the Vir- 
 ginia legislature, but the member^ 
 immediately met and voted for a con- 
 gress and left the Committee of Cor- 
 respondence in charge. 
 
 1774. Connecticut votes to issue paper money, 
 the first of the Revolution. 
 
 1774. Immigrants reach Kentucky. 
 
 1775- Population of United States about 
 2 3-4 millions. 
 
 1775- Speeches of Camden, Mansfield and 
 Fox in parliament. 
 
 177s. Ja-"- Gage sends troop.5 to Marsh- 
 field from Boston. 
 
 177s. Jan. 20. Chatam's motion for concilia- 
 tion with America. 
 
 177s. Feb. I. The second Provincial Con- 
 gress of Massachusetts assembles. 
 
 177s, Feb. The English seized powder stored 
 at Salem. 
 
 177s, March. Franklin leave" London. 
 
 1775, April 15. The Provincial Assembly ad- 
 
 journed. 
 
 177s, April 18. A British expedition of 800 
 set out from Boston at night to seize 
 the stores of cannon, powder and pro- 
 "" visions at Concord. 
 
 1775. April 19. At dawn, battle of Lexington, 
 ■ Mass. 
 
 1775, April 19. Fight at Concord, Mass. 
 The British retreat. 
 
 177s, April 20. Boston beleaguered by the 
 Americans. 
 
 1775, May 2. In Virginia, on receipt of the 
 news from Lexington, Patrick Henry 
 set out for Williamsburg at the head 
 of one of the companies organized as 
 committees of safety. Gov. Dunmore 
 fled to a man-of-war. 
 
 177s, May. Conflicts in Boston harbor; na 
 val skirmish at Martha's Vineyard. 
 
 1775. Artemas Ward comander-in-chief at 
 Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 177s, May 10. 2nd Continental Congress. 
 Washington appointed by it com- 
 mander-in-chief of the Continental 
 Army '6n June 17. He went to Bos- 
 ton. 
 
 1775, May 10. Ticonderoga seized by men of 
 Connecticut, Massachusetts and New 
 Hampshire, headed by Ethan Allen 
 and Benedict Arnold. 
 
 177s, May 25. Howe, Clinton and Burgoync 
 arrived at Boston with reinforcements 
 ,for the British. 
 
 1775. May 31. A military committee of del- 
 
 egates from militia regiments, sitting 
 at Charlotte, adopted resolutions re 
 lating to the news from Lexington, 
 making provisional regulations and 
 acknowledging the authority of the 
 Provincial Congress. 
 
 1775. June II. The English issued a procla- 
 mation, threatening the rebels and 
 offering amnesty to such as submit- 
 ted, except Adams and Hancock. 
 
 177s. June 15-16. About 1,000 men under 
 Prescott erected works on Bunker 
 and Breed's Hill. 
 
 177s, Tune 17. Battle of Bunker Hill. 
 
 1775. July. Georgia adopted the articles of 
 the American Association and elected 
 delegates to Congress. 
 
 1775. July 3- Washington took command at 
 Cambridge. 
 
 ^775, Aug. I. Congress adjourned for five 
 weeks. 
 
 177s, Aug. 23. The English Ministry de- 
 clared the Americj.ns rebels. 
 
 1775, Aug. 30. Stonington, Conn., attacked. 
 
 1775, Summer. Franklin proposes a plan of 
 confederatig the English Colonies. 
 
 1775, Sept. 2. Washington begins to com- 
 mission war vessels. 
 
 177s. Sept. The American troops about Ti- 
 conderoga started on an invasion of 
 Canada under Montgomery. 
 
 I77S, Sept. 19. A reinforcement of 1,100 un- 
 der Arnold started for Canada 
 through Maine. 
 
 1775, Sept.-Dec. Hostilities in the Susque- 
 hanna country between the Pennsyl- 
 vania and Connecticut people. 
 
 1775. The Continental Congress orders ves- 
 sels to be built and in October ap- 
 points a Naval Committee. 
 
 1775. Oct. 10. Howe succeeds Gage m com- 
 mand in Boston. 
 
 1775. Nov. British efforts to secure Ger- 
 man mercenaries. Unsuccessful at- 
 tempts to hire Russian and Dutch 
 troops. 
 
 1775. Nov. 13. Massachusetts authorizes 
 private armed vessels to cruise. 
 
 1775- Nov. Congress appoints a committee 
 to correspond with friends, in Europe 
 and sends commissioners to Canada. 
 
 1775, Dec. 2. The forces of Montgomery and 
 Arnold uni ed. Quebec soon after in- 
 vested by them. 
 
 1775- December. Seven regiments under 
 Cornwallis despatched from Cork. 
 
 177s. Dec. 8. Howe sent an expedition to 
 occupy Newport. 
 
 1775. T)(.c. g. Acli n at Cedar Bridge, Va. 
 
 1775. Dec. 14. Norfolk, Va., captured by the 
 '' niericans. 
 
 1775. Dec. 22. Congress makes Esek Hop- 
 kins commander-in-chief of its navy. 
 
 '775. Dec. 31. Battle of Quebec. Montgom- 
 ery killed ; Arnold wounded. 
 
 1775. First Continental money. 
 
 1775. Rhode Island commissions two cruisers 
 
 and sends Abraham Whipple to Ber- 
 muda to seize powder. 
 1775: Falmouth, Me., (the modern Portland) 
 burned by the British. 
 
 1776, Jan. I. The American flag of 13 stripes, 
 
 red and white, was raised for the 
 first time over Washington's head- 
 quarters. 
 
 1776, Jan. 2. Congress urges more strenu- 
 ous measures against the tories. 
 
 1776, Jan. 8. Thomas Paine' s " Common 
 Sense" published. 
 
 1776, Jan. 5. New Hampshire adopted a 
 written constitution. 
 
 1776, Jan. English men-of-war cannonaded 
 and burned Norfolk, Va. 
 
 1776, Jan. 27. The American patriots in 
 North Carolina defeated the colonial 
 tories to the number of about 1,200 
 on Moore's Creek. 
 
 1776 (early). Congress sent Silas Deane to 
 France as its agent. 
 
 1776, Jan. 9-Feb. 18. Brunswick treaty 
 
 signed. March-Apr. the troops of 
 Hesse Cassel first mu.stered in; 
 and other treaties and musters of 
 these auxiliaries follow, 
 
 1776, Jan. Pitt's speech on taxing the Am- 
 ericans. 
 
 1776. Feb. The cannon taken at Ticonder- 
 oga were placed along the American 
 lines around Boston. 
 
 1776, March i. Charles Lee appointed com- 
 mander of the American forces south 
 of the Potomac. 
 
 1776, March 2. The American forces under 
 Washington began to bombard Bos- 
 ton. 
 
 1776, March 6. South Carolina adopted a 
 written constitution. 
 
 1776, March 5. Dorchester Heights occupied. 
 
 1776, March 6. Warren's "Massacre Ora- 
 tion" in Boston. 
 
 1776, March 14. Congress urges the dis- 
 arming of disaffected persons. 
 
 1776, March 16 or 17. Evacuation of Boston 
 by the British. 
 
 1776, Mar. 23. Congress authorizes priva- 
 teers. 
 
 1776, April. Washington went from Boston 
 to New York with his forces. 
 
 1776, Spring. The Americans retreated from 
 Canada. 
 
 1776, May. An English fleet under Sir Henry 
 Clinton entered Cape Fear, but soon 
 left for Charleston, S. C. 
 
 1776, May. The Constituent Assembly of 
 Virginia met to establish a constitu- 
 tion, and on July ist completed the 
 work. 
 
 1776, May. The French government re- 
 solves secretly to assist America with 
 money, and Soain ioins. 
 
 1776, June 8. Debate in Congress began on 
 the resolution introduced for Vir- 
 ginia by Richard Henry Lee, " That 
 these United Colonies are an'd of 
 right ought to be free." 
 
 1776, June 10 and Augii. Beaumarchais re- 
 ceives money from the French and 
 Spanish governments and conducts his 
 business of helping the Americans un- 
 der the style of Hortalez et Com- 
 pagnie. 
 
 1776, June II. The New Jersey Assembly 
 met with full powers and adopted a 
 constitution. y. 
 
 1776,, June 12. The Virginia Declaration of 
 Rights adopted. 
 
 1776. The "Hickey Plot" to assassinate 
 Washington in New York. 
 
 1776. Gates put in command of the Northern 
 army. 
 
 1776, June 17, 18. English transport bound 
 to Boston intercepted by American 
 cruisers. 
 
 1776. June 18. A provisional conference met 
 in Pennsylvania and concurred in 
 ; resolution of Congress for independ- 
 ence. 
 
 1776, June 28. A draft of a Declaration of 
 Independence, drawn by the commit- 
 tee of Congress appointed for the 
 purpose, was submitted to Congress. 
 
 1776, June 28. The British fleet made an un- 
 successful attack on Charleston, S. C. 
 
 1776, July I. Virginia adopted a written con- 
 stitution. 
 
 1776, July 2. Cong', ess began .consideration 
 of the draft of the Declaration of 
 Independence submitted to it on 
 June 28. 
 
 1776, July 2. New Jersey adopted a written 
 constitution. 
 
 1776, July 4. The Declaration of Independ- 
 ence adopted by Congress by the vote 
 of 12 colonies. 
 
 1776, July. The American Congress at the 
 end of its first session resolved to ex- 
 port nothing directly to Great Britain 
 or the West Indies. 
 
 1776, Aug. 2. The Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence generally signed. 
 
arY234 ^°'""" ""'"^'^'^V Library 
 Colonial dates ... 
 
 olin,anx 
 
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