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 Expo^ilion 
 1905 
 
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Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924021899665 
 
COPYRIGHT. 1903, BY PIRIE MAC DONALD, PHOTOGRAPHER OF MEN, N. Y. 
 
 HONORABLE FRANK W. HIGGINS 
 GOVEENOE 
 
NEW YORK 
 
 AT THE 
 
 Lewis and Clark Exposition 
 
 PORTLAND, OREGON 
 
 June I to October 15, 1905 
 
 Albany, N. Y. 
 Brandow Printing Company 
 state legislative printers 
 
 1906 
 

 ^B.I>, 
 
REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Lewis and Clark Exposition Commission 
 
 OF THE 
 
 State of New York 
 
 Albany, N. Y., May 1, 1906. 
 Hon. Frank W. Higgins, Governor. 
 
 Dear Sir. — We beg to submit herewith, in accordance 
 with the provisions of the statute, the final report of the 
 Lewis and Clark Exposition Commission of the State of 
 New York. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 Samuel B. Ward, 
 Clarence Luce, 
 Harry D. Williams, 
 Pratt A. Brown, 
 Henry Altman, 
 Charles E. Huntley. 
 
REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Lewis and Clark Exposition Commission 
 
 OF THE 
 
 State of New York 
 
 CHAPTER I. Lewis and Claek Exposition, 
 
 CHAPTER II. Lewis and Clark Exposition Commission, 
 
 State of New York. 
 CHAPTER III. New York State Building. 
 CHAPTER IV. Exhibits. 
 CHAPTER V. Social Events. 
 CHAPTER VI. New York State Day. 
 CHAPTER VII. Reception to New York State Society of 
 
 Oregon. 
 CHAPTER VIII. Financial Report. 
 
CHAPTER I 
 
 Lewis and Clark Exposition 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 
 
 THE Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition held at Port- 
 land, Oregon, from June 1 to October 15, 1905, will go 
 down into h'istory as one of the most successful ever 
 undertaken. It was successful not only in the sense of untold 
 value both educationally and commercially to the people 
 of the Middlewest and Northwest, but also in the thou- 
 sands of people from the Eastern States who eagerly 
 availed themselves of the very reasonable transcontinental 
 railroad rates, and made the Exposition their objective 
 point on a trip through the great West to acquaint 
 themselves with its magnificent proportions, its attractive scenery 
 and its tremendous resources. The Exposition was also success- 
 ful from a financial standpoint, having made an astonishing 
 record in this respect and reflecting great credit upon those who 
 administered its affairs. It is too early at this writing to state 
 what percentage is to be paid stockholders, but it promises to be 
 unusually large. 
 
 Of late years, subscriptions are not made for exposition stock 
 witli the idea of receiving directly anything in return, but such 
 subscriptions are invariably actuated either by civic pride or in 
 behalf of private or corporate interests outside the exposition 
 to whom benefits are apt to accrue on account of its being held. 
 It is idle, however, to endeavor to measure the value of any 
 exposition in dollars and cents. Only to those who have been 
 accustomed to the atmosphere of such, and had the opportunity to 
 observe the countless visitors is their true value fully brought 
 
10 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 home. It has been well said that travel is one of the greatest 
 educational forces in the world. Next to that must come an 
 exposition in which the industries, the material resources and 
 the character and customs of many peoples are brought together 
 within a small area to be studied, compared and enjoyed by 
 thousands of people whose resources would not permit of the 
 extended travel necessary to obtain the same information. 
 
 The Lewis and Clark Exposition was held to commemorate the 
 expedition of those dauntless explorers, Meriwether Lewis and 
 William Clark, who, under authority of President Jefferson, 
 made the journey from the Mississippi river up the Missouri 
 river to its source, across the Rocky mountains and down the 
 great Columbia to its mouth, as a result of which the great 
 Oregon country was opened up to settlers. The expedition was 
 started for the Pacific coast May 14, 1804, and not until August 
 12th of the next year did Lewis and Clark pass into what was 
 then known as the Oregon country. They arrived at the mouth 
 of. the Columbia river November 7, 1805, and there estab- 
 lished Fort Clatsop. They started homeward in March of 
 the following year and in April of 1806 camped upon the 
 site of the Exposition just closed. The expedition reached 
 St. Louis the following September. It was not until 
 June 15, 1846, that a treaty between the United States and Great 
 Britain was signed giving the United States full title to the 
 Oregon country, and the present state of Oregon was organized 
 as a territory in August, 1848. 
 
 During their journey the explorers were guided for many weeks 
 by the Indian squaw and Shoshone Princess, Sacajawea, who 
 carried her papoose upon her back throughout the journey and 
 more than once saved the little party from attack by bands of hos- 
 
HONORABLE M. LINN BRUCE 
 HEUTENANT-GOVBBNOB 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION n 
 
 tile Indians. The name Sacajawea (pronounced Sak-a-ja-w6-ah) 
 was invariably linked with those of Lewis and Clark throughout 
 the Exposition and especial honor accorded her memory. A 
 magnificent bronze statue of heroic size, showing her 
 pointing the way westward, was erected on the plaza 
 at the head of the grand staircase. The statue was 
 the work of Miss Alice Cooper, of Denver, the copper 
 from which it was cast being donated by Dr. Henry 
 W. Coe, of Portland. The metal for this purpose was originally 
 intended to be provided by Colonel Henry Altman, of the New 
 York Commission, from the Sacajawea Gold and Copper Com- 
 pany's mines, of which company he is the president, located near 
 Helena, Montana, but an unavoidable happening resulted in the 
 honor falling to the first named gentleman. Funds necessary to 
 complete and erect the statue ($7,000) were raised by the Saca- 
 jawea Statue Association, of which Mrs. Dye was president, in 
 the face of many difficulties, but perseverance crowned their efforts 
 with success, and on July 6th the statue was unveiled with appro- 
 priate and impressive ceremonies. It was fianked on either side 
 by the statues of Meriwether Lewis, by Lopez, and William Clark, 
 by Ruckstuhl, which had occupied prominent places in the St. 
 Louis Exposition. 
 
 It was as long ago as November 1, 1895, that the idea of hold- 
 ing an exposition in commemoration of this great expedition was 
 broached, and it is generally conceded that the credit for the 
 suggestion belongs to Daniel McAUen, a prominent merchant of 
 Portland. The idea did not prove popular at first, and no 
 moneyed interests came forward to back the scheme. It has been 
 said that Mr. McAllen found himself in much the same position 
 as an inventor who is unable to interest the public in his 
 
12 ^EW YORK AT TEE 
 
 scheme, and like most inventors he was persistent, but there the 
 similarity ended, for he was eventually successful. 
 
 The Oregon Historical Society was the first body to give the 
 project its aid, recognizing that the event to be commemorated 
 was one of striking importance in the history of Oregon. After 
 much preliminary discussion and agitation, resolutions were 
 adopted by this society in 1900 declaring its purpose 
 to erect in the year 1905 a monument to Lewis and Clark on 
 the site of old Fort Clatsop. It was also recommended in the 
 resolutions that an exposition be held in Portland during that 
 year, and the Governor of Oregon was strongly urged to bring 
 the matter before the next session of the Legislature. Copies of 
 the resolution were sent to neighboring states, and a memorial 
 was sent to the Oregon delegation in Congress requesting them 
 to urge national participation. In the meantime the idea had 
 been endorsed by the National Editorial Association, which at 
 once insured a wide publicity to the plans of the society. 
 
 The agitation above outlined led to the appointment of a pro- 
 visional committee of twenty-one business men of Portland to 
 promote the Exposition, and on February 21, 1901, J. M. Long, 
 chairman of this committee, appeared before the House of Eepre- 
 sentatives of Oregon urging the passage of concurrent resolutions 
 in the Legislature endorsing the enterprise and pledging financial 
 aid from the State. The resolutions were promptly adopted in 
 both houses of the Legislature, and further provided that the Gov- 
 ernor should appoint five commissioners to represent the State 
 and invite the other states of the Pacific Northwest to exhibit. 
 Moreover, the National Congress was requested to make an ap- 
 propriation, and the President was urged to invite all foreign 
 governments to officially participate. 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 
 
 13 
 
 The Governor appointed the following Commission : Henry W. 
 Corbett, Henry E. Ankeny, Judge J. B. Bellinger, Senator C. W. 
 Fulton and E. E. Young. Commissioners were also appointed by 
 the following states: Washington, Montana, Utah and Idaho, 
 and likewise by the Province of British Columbia. Many joint 
 meetings were held at one of which the following name was 
 adopted : " The Lewis and Clark Centennial and American and 
 Pacific Exposition." Subsequently the words "and Oriental 
 Fair " were added in order to take advantage of a law whereby 
 the city of Portland could levy a tax in favor of an oriental fair. 
 
 Up to this time all action, while important, was only pre- 
 liminary, and the first steps looking toward the actual accom- 
 plishment of the project were taken October 12, 1901, when a 
 corporation was formed to carry it out. The capital stock 
 was fixed at |300,000 and the incorporators included a large 
 number of the most prominent business and professional men 
 of Portland. A committee consisting of the late Henry W. Cor- 
 bett, Samuel Council and J. M. Long was appointed to open a 
 stock book. In the canvass they were assisted by a committee 
 of thirty-five of the leading citizens of the city. No more strik- 
 ing demonstration of the enthusiasm and unanimous support 
 of Portland's citizens could be made than in the fact that within 
 two days subscriptions to the amount of |340,000 had been 
 secured. This meant practically |4 for each man, woman and 
 child within city limits at that time. 
 
 The capital stock was shortly after increased to $500,000, prac- 
 tically all of which was paid in before the Exposition opened, 
 and this same hearty enthusiasm and substantial support attended 
 the Exposition throughout its entire history. A liberal financial 
 backing being assured, in January, 1902, a board of fifteen 
 
14 yEW YORK AT THE 
 
 directors was elected, and Henry W. Corbett was chosen presi- 
 dent. The number of the board of directors was increased in 
 October of the same year to twenty-five. 
 
 During that summer the question of a site was formally taken 
 up. Four different sites received careful consideration, one at 
 City Park, another at Hawthorne Park, a third at University 
 Park and a fourth at Willamette Heights. Taking into considera- 
 tion accessibility from the city, natural scenic beauty, adapta- 
 bility of the grounds for exposition purposes and many other 
 points, the Willamette Heights site was finally chosen, containing 
 402 acres of land and lake near the northwest limits of the city 
 and directly opposite the northernmost point reached by Lewis 
 and Clark on their return journey in 1806. 
 
 At its session held in 1903, the Legislature of the State of 
 Oregon appropriated |450,000 for the fair. The act was signed 
 by Governor Chamberlain on January 30th, and early the follow- 
 ing month the Governor appointed a state commission. The 
 act under which this commission was created clothed it with 
 rather extensive authority and placed it in a position similar 
 to that of a United States commission serving in an exposition 
 held under the auspices of the United States Government. In 
 other words, by the provisions of the law, while the corporation 
 previously formed was clothed with the administration of the 
 affairs of the Exposition, all of its acts affecting the interests 
 of the people, such as classification of exhibits, rules governing 
 admissions and concessions, regulations governing awards, etc., 
 were subject to the approval of the State Commission. 
 
 The Governor appointed the following Commission: Jeflferson 
 Myers, Salem; W. E. Thomas, Portland; J. H. Albert, Salem; 
 C. B. Wade, Pendleton; Frank Williams, Ashland; G. Y. Harry, 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 15 
 
 Portland ; F. A. Spencer, Portland ; Dr. David Eaflfety, Portland ; 
 J. C. Flanders, Portland; Eichard Scott, Milwaukee; and E. E. 
 Young, Eugene. The Commission met for organization in March, 
 and later formally approved the site chosen by the board of 
 directors of the corporation. The officers chosen were : President, 
 Jefferson Myers; Vice-President, W. E. Thomas; Secretary, Ed- 
 mund C. Giltner. 
 
 Up to this time, the preliminary work of carrying the project 
 forward and placing it on a firm financial basis had been upon 
 the shoulders of the Hon. Henry W. Corbett, who had made the 
 first subscription of $30,000 to the stock. He had worked unceas- 
 ingly and cheerfully for the success of the enterprise, but it was 
 not for him to carry it to a conclusion, as on March 3lst he died, 
 mourned by the entire community and in fact the entire North- 
 west, in the development of which he had been so potent a factor. 
 
 The preliminary work of preparing the grounds was inaug- 
 urated with spring. The office of supervising architect with a 
 board of consulting architects was provided for, and to John C. 
 Olmstead, of Chicago, was intrusted the work of laying out the 
 exposition grounds. 
 
 At the second annual meeting of the stockholders held in June, 
 the following Board of Directors was elected : H. W. Scott, I. N. 
 Fleischner, A. L. Mills, Samuel Connell, Adolph Wolfe, J. C. 
 Ainsworth, G. W. Bates, A. Bush, Henry Ladd Corbett, J. M. 
 Church, A. N. Devers, Ferdinand Dresser, W. D. Fenton, Leo 
 Friede, Charles E. Ladd, Robert Livingstone, Dr. K. A. J. Mc- 
 Kenzie, Eufus Mallory, W. D. Wheelwright, W. W. Cotton, John 
 O'Shea, James H. Raley, G. W. Eiddle, B. Van Dusen and Paul 
 Wessinger. Mr. Wheelwright and Mr. Cotton afterwards resigned 
 and were succeeded by S. M. Mears and George T. Myers. 
 
16 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 The board elected the following officers : President, H. W Scott; 
 First Vice-President, I. N. Fleischner; Second Vice-President, A. 
 L. Mills; Third Vice-President, Samuel Connell; Director Gen- 
 eral, H. W. Goode; Secretary, Henry E. Eeed; Treasurer, First 
 National Bank. 
 
 Mr. Goode formally took charge of aflfairs on September 15, 
 1903, and appointed the following chiefs of divisions: Director 
 of Works, Oskar Huber; Director of Architecture, Ion Lewis; 
 Director of Exploitation, Henry E. Reed, and later as Director 
 of Concessions and Admissions, John A. Wakefield, and Director 
 of Exhibits, Colonel Henry E. Dosch. In August, 1904, Mr. Scott, 
 finding that it was impossible for him to attend to the manifold 
 affairs of the Exposition and still do justice to his private inter- 
 ests, resigned his position as president and was succeeded by 
 Director General Goode. 
 
 In September 1903, the Oregon State Commission appropriated 
 1300,000 for the erection of buildings and the Board of Directors 
 on the recommendation of the Director General apportioned 
 approximately $380,000 of the funds of the corporation for dred- 
 ging, draining a portion of the grounds, erecting fences and the 
 general work of making ready for the opening. 
 
 The Exposition rapidly outgrew the plans and expectations — 
 if not the hopes — of its projectors. It was generally believed 
 that the greatest results that could be accomplished would be 
 a somewhat elaborate local industrial exposition, and that but 
 little general interest could be aroused, partially on account of 
 the great distance from the large centers of population, and 
 also because it followed so soon after the great Exposition at 
 St. Louis, which was of international scope. 
 
 But when President Roosevelt signed an act in April 1904, 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 17 
 
 appropriating |475,000 for a Government exhibit, all signs of 
 pessimism at once disappeared, and the country came to realize 
 that the Lewis and Clark Fair was to be one of national impor- 
 tance. A vigorous campaign of exploitation was at once inaug- 
 urated which brought forth such fruits that the management were 
 at a loss to provide space for those desiring to participate, and 
 plans were immediately made to build an additional exhibit 
 palace, and to provide additional ground for the pavilions of states 
 which later decided to participate. In only one way could the 
 St. Louis Exposition be said to have been detrimental to the 
 success of the fair, and that was that some states did not par- 
 ticipate on account of having made such large appropriations for 
 the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, and other states for thai same 
 reason made but limited provision for the purpose. The net 
 result was thoroughly satisfactory, however, taking all the cir- 
 cumstances into consideration. 
 
 Besides the Empire State, the following states erected and 
 maintained state buildings: Oregon, California, Washington, 
 Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Illinois, Missouri, Massachusetts and 
 Maine. In addition, the following states and territories partici- 
 pated, although no state building was erected : Nebraska, North 
 Dakota, Montana, Louisiana, Wyoming, Arizona and Oklahoma. 
 
 Many elaborate and costly exhibits were sent intact to Port- 
 land, and the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company donated 
 a number of the flnest groups of statuary which had adorned the 
 grounds of the St. Louis Fair. These were placed with marked 
 artistic skill and added wonderfully to the embellishment of the 
 grounds. The more prominent groups included " The Buffalo 
 Dance," which stood just west of the New York building, " The 
 Storm," and the "Cowboy at Rest," all the work of Borglum, 
 2 
 
18 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 "The Bull and Cougar," by Potter, "The Progress of Civiliza- 
 tion," by , the fountains of Venus and Neptune, by Philip 
 
 Martiny, and last, but not least, the famous Remington group 
 directly in front of and facing the main entrance " Shooting up 
 the Town." 
 
 The ceremonies attending the breaking of ground for the first 
 group of main buildings were held on April 7, 1904. and from 
 that day forth, the Exposition site was the scene of marvelous 
 changes from day to day. The dreary waste of a few months 
 before was invaded by an army of artisans and mechanics, and 
 where weeds had flourished, beautiful lawns sprang up, marshes 
 became submerged in a lake of shimmering blue, stately palaces 
 pushed their towers and minarets skyward, and shaded walks and 
 charming vistas took the place of cow paths and underbrush. The 
 mild climate of Portland made it possible for the work to go 
 forward unceasingly throughout the winter and spring, and June 
 1st, the date set for the formal opening, found everything in 
 shape for the reception of the city's guests. 
 
 No exposition was ever honored with the presence of more dis- 
 tinguished guests upon its opening day than was the T^ewis and 
 Clark Fair. The Vice-President of the United States, Hon. 
 Charles W. Fairbanks, the Speaker of the House of Representa- 
 tives, Hon. J. G. Cannon, and a congressional delegation were 
 present, as were the Governors of five states, attended by their 
 staffs. Although rain had been falling for many days and far 
 into the night preceding June 1st, sun shone throughout the day 
 and the fair opened under most auspicious conditions. 
 The Vice-President and congressional delegation arrived at 
 Portland the day before the opening, and the former was the 
 guest of President Goode during his stay. A military parade 
 
LEWIS 4A.D CLARK EXP08ITI02i I9 
 
 was held in the morning, starting in tbe heart of the business 
 portion of the city at ten o'clock, and marching to the fair- 
 grounds. The Fourteenth Regiment of Infantry from Vancouver 
 Barracks, the Tenth Cavalry from Fort Walla Walla, several 
 regiments of the Oregon National Guard, and many civic organi- 
 zations took part in the parade which acted as an escort to the 
 Vice-President and his party. 
 
 The New York State building played a conspicuous part in 
 the opening day ceremonies, as it invariably did with nearly all 
 of the official functions connected with the Exposition, as will 
 be hereafter recorded. The parade entered the grounds at the 
 Twenty-eighth street entrance, and wended its way through Cen- 
 tennial Park to Grey's Boulevard, where the column halted, 
 wheeled into line, presented arms and the honored guests were 
 driven past to the steps of the New York building, where they 
 alighted and retired to the cool reception rooms before taking 
 their places upon the speaker's stand which had been erected upon 
 the plaza at the head of the grand staircase. 
 
 The exercises were held at twelve o'clock noon, and the fol- 
 lowing program was carried out: Vice-Presidential salute, 
 nineteen guns, by the Sixteenth Battery, United States Artillery ; 
 music, Festival March, Innes band; invocation, Bishop David 
 H. Moore; music. Imperial Oregon, by Innes band; address, 
 President H. W. Goode; address, Governor George E. Chamber- 
 lain, of Oregon; address, Hon. Jefferson Myers, President Oregon 
 State Commission; address, Hon. George H. Williams, Mayor of 
 Portland; address, Hon. Clarence D. Clark, TJ. S. Senator of 
 Wyoming; address, Hon. James A. Tawney, Member of Congress, 
 Minnesota; address, Hon. H. A. Taylor, First Assistant Secre- 
 tary of the Treasury; address, Hon, Joseph G. Cannon, Speaker 
 
20 'NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 of the House of Representatives ; address, Hon. Charles W. Fair- 
 banks, Vice-President of the United States. The President of the 
 United States was then notified in Washington by means of a 
 special wire connected from the speaker's stand directly to the 
 White House that all was in readiness for the formal opening, 
 whereupon, surrounded by members of his cabinet, the diplomatic 
 corps and other distinguished guests, he touched a golden key 
 which formally opened the Exposition ; benediction, Archbishop 
 Alexander Christie. 
 
 In the course of his remarks, Vice-President Fairbanks said: 
 "As we stand here, amid the rich fruits of human effort and 
 surrounded by comforts unknown to any other time, we recall 
 with unmeasured appreciation the pioneers who led the way to 
 greatness upon this coast. We erect monuments to commemorate 
 the services of our statesmen, the valor of our soldiers and sailors. 
 The evidence of our gratitude should not stop there. The Amer- 
 ican pioneers are as worthy as they of some enduring tribute. 
 Their services were not so picturesque as the services of those 
 who won glory upon the field, but they were quite as perilous 
 and fruitful of as lasting good to the human race. The pioneers 
 were, indeed, soldiers — soldiers in the army of peace. They were 
 pickets on the outposts of civilization. All honor to those who 
 ' through moving accidents of flood and field ' laid the founda- 
 tions of organized society upon the shore of the Pacific. This 
 Exposition is, in a very special sense a monument to their wisdom, 
 their virtue and their fortitude. * » * You have made ad- 
 mirable display of the trophies of our progress and our civiliza- 
 tion. No American can look upon what is here presented without 
 increased admiration of his countrymen, and no foreigner who 
 is sharing our hospitality can see this exhibit of our country's 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 21 
 
 development without marveling at the resourcefulness and virility 
 of the new people who have attained a giant's strength, but who 
 seek to use it only in promoting the priceless arts of peace. The 
 foundation of our highest and best development is not to be found 
 in nature's illimitable wealth, but in the observance of the orderly 
 processes of the law and the practice of those virtues which are 
 thfe cornerstone of the home, and which are the strength of the 
 state — its sure stay in the hour of strain and stress. We are 
 assembled from remote neighborhoods, yet we are in close touch 
 and sympathy. We are bound together in the everlasting bonds 
 of national affection and national unity. Our nation's honor is 
 our common'honor. Our nation's glory is our common glory." 
 
 At the conclusion of the exercises, the congressional party and 
 distinguished guests adjourned to the New York State building 
 as the guests of the Exposition management, where lunch was 
 served. The afternoon was devoted to sightseeing and at half 
 past seven a dinner was tendered Vice-President Fairbanks by 
 President Goode at the New York building to which some 250 
 guests were bidden. Tables were set both upon the veranda 
 overlooking the lake and in the dining room adjoining. There 
 was an elaborate display of fireworks and shortly after nine 
 o'clock the entire party adjourned to the pavilion annex, where 
 a reception was tendered the Vice-President and Mrs. Fairbanks, 
 at which were present about 2,000 guests, including the Con- 
 gressional delegation, visiting Governors and their staffs, the 
 Board of Directors of the Exposition, State and Foreign Com- 
 missioners and many prominent Portland people. 
 
 And thus the Exposition was launched upon its brief career 
 of four and one-half months, a career marked by no untoward 
 event of, consequence. Favored by one of the most delightful 
 
22 T>IEW YORK AT THE 
 
 summers Portland has ever experienced, visited by more than 
 double the number of sightseers predicted in the prospectus 
 (usually given to rather a liberal use of large figures), an un- 
 qualified artistic, educational and financial success, it will mark 
 an epoch in the development of the great Northwest, and for the 
 next half century the year 1905 will be the point from which all 
 chronological computations are reckoned. 
 
 A word as to the success of President Goode in guiding the 
 Exposition to a successful beginning, through a prosperous life 
 and to a glorious finish, certainly would not be out of place in 
 this report. A man of sterling integrity, strong willed, self- 
 reliant, absolutely just and uniformly courteous, he directed the 
 multitude of affairs with an unerring hand, and as the scope 
 of the project grew and additional demands were made upon 
 the resources, both financial and physical of the corporation, it 
 was he who pointed the way to make the enlarged exposition 
 a fact. The affairs of any undertaking of this nature must of 
 necessity be directed by a single individual. The brevity of time 
 for preparation renders it impossible that any deliberative board 
 shall control, but the responsibility must lodge in the individual 
 so equipped as to act promptly and accurately in each emergency 
 which arises. 
 
 President Goode inaugurated his work with the full confidence 
 of the Board of Directors and the business interests of Port- 
 land generally. He closed it with a host of friends throughout 
 the civilized world who have learned to admire his capacity for 
 work and to appreciate the absolute impartiality with which he 
 has administered the affairs of his office. To one accustomed to 
 exposition procedure, it was a matter of note that the administra- 
 tion of the Lewis and Clark Exposition in all of its departments 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 23 
 
 was absolutely shorn of superfluous forms and red tape, which 
 in many expositions have been enforced to the annoyance and 
 inconvenience of participants, in order to meet a few scattering 
 instances of abuse of privileges. There was a marked directness 
 of dealing which indicated a hearty desire to favor the interests 
 and render more agreeable the stay of those who took part in the 
 Exposition. Throughout the period of the Exposition, each day 
 brought many diverse demands upon its president, and notwith- 
 standing large personal interests, President Goode met each en- 
 gagement, whether business or social, with equanimity and tact. 
 Pew realize the difficulties which beset a man directing an 
 exposition, and some are prone to criticize on account of petty 
 errors, forgetting entirely the much larger and important result, 
 the splendid benefits from an educational standpoint which are 
 bound to follow. 
 
 President Goode's ripe judgment was perhaps best shown in 
 the appointments of the members of his official family, each one 
 of which contributed in mo small way to the perfection of the 
 ensemble. The Director of Works, Mr. Oskar Huber, a civil 
 engineer by profession but an artist by birth, made the most of 
 his opportunities in producing landscape effects that will linger 
 long in the memory of Exposition visitors, and moreover be it 
 said to his credit that, notwithstanding the tremendous crowds, 
 and lack of rain through the summer, the grounds were at no 
 time in better order than during the closing week. 
 
 The Director of Architecture, Mr. Ion Lewis, brought his skil- 
 ful judgment into play in the graceful grouping of the buildings 
 and in the modification of plans of structures so as best to 
 produce an harmonious whole. 
 
 No further testimonial need be paid to the Secretary, Mr. Henry 
 
24 N^W YORK AT THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 
 
 E. Eeed, who was also Director of Exploitation than to point to 
 the record of attendance. The effectiveness of his work is abso- 
 lutely proven therein. 
 
 Col. Henry E. Dosch, the Director of Exhibits, and John A. 
 Wakefield, the Director of Admissions and Concessions, both 
 brought to the Portland Fair ripe knowledge of exposition pro- 
 cedure gained in several experiences in previous expositions. 
 
 Mr. Theodore Hardee, Assistant to the President, and Major 
 James McI. Wood, Secretary of the Committee on Entertain- 
 ment, were charged with providing for the comfort and pleasure 
 of distinguished guests. This duty was performed with dignity 
 and tact. 
 
 The entire official personnel seemed to be actuated by a unani- 
 mous desire to produce the best results and was possessed of an 
 esprit de corps but seldom found in an organization of a tempo- 
 rary nature. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 Lewis and Clark Exposition Com- 
 mission, State of New York 
 
DR, SAMUEL B. WARD 
 
 PESSIDENT, NEW YOEK STATS COMMISSIOlf 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION COM- 
 MISSION, STATE OF NEW YORK 
 
 IN response to urgent invitations on the part of the Lewis and 
 Clark Exposition Company, and to a decidedly favorable pub- 
 lic sentiment, the Legislature determined that the State should 
 participate in the Lewis and Clark Exposition, and the following 
 item was inserted in the annual supply bill, which became chap- 
 ter 729, laws of 1904 : 
 
 " For the Governor, for the purpose of providing for an 
 exhibit by the State of New York at the Lewis and Clark 
 Centennial Exposition to be held at Portland, Oregon, during 
 the year nineteen hundred five, including expense of trans- 
 portation to Portland, Oregon, and return therefrom of so 
 much of the exhibit to be made by the State at the Louisiana 
 Purchase Exposition as he may deem to be appropriate, 
 thirty-five thousand dollars (|35,000), or so much thereof 
 as may be necessary." 
 In the fall of 1904, Governor Odell named as a commission 
 to carry out the provisions of the above act : Frederick K. Green, 
 of Fredonia; Dr. Samuel B. Ward, of Albany; Clarence Luce, of 
 New York City ; Harry D. Williams, of Buffalo ; Pratt A. Brown, 
 of New York City ; Henry Altman, of New York City, and W. H. 
 King, of New York City. Shortly after, Mr. King resigned, and 
 Charles R. Huntley, of Buffalo, was appointed in his stead. 
 
 Pursuant to a call issued by the Governor, the Commission 
 met for organization in the executive chamber at the Capitol at 
 
28 ^flW YORK AT THE 
 
 Albanlj' on December 7, 1&04, at three o'clock in the afternoon, 
 and completed its organization as follows: 
 President — Frederick E. Green. 
 Vice-President — Dr. Samuel B. Ward. 
 Secretary pro tern — Clarence Luce. 
 Treasurer— Harry D. Williams. 
 
 Auditing committee — Henry Altman, Pratt A. Brown, Dr. 
 Samuel B. Ward. 
 
 The following by-laws were adopted : 
 
 " First — The officers of the Lewis and Clark Exposition 
 Commission, of the State of New York, shall consist of a presi- 
 dent, vice-president, treasurer and secretary. 
 
 Second — Eegular meetings of the Commission shall be held in 
 the rooms of the Commission, in Albany, unless otherwise directed 
 by the president, on the second Saturday of each month, at three 
 o'clock p. m., and all members shall be notified by the secretary 
 one week in advance of such meeting. 
 
 Third — Three members of the Commission shall constitute a 
 quorum at all regular meetings. 
 
 Fourth — The executive committee of three members shall be 
 appointed by the president, who shall designate its chairman, 
 who shall also act as chairman at the meetings of the Commis- 
 sion in the absence of the president or vice-president. The execu- 
 tive committee shall meet, at least once a month, and shall report 
 at the regular meeting Of the Commission. Two members of the 
 executive committee shall form a quorum for the transaction 
 of business. 
 
 Fifth — The president, or any three members of the Commission, 
 may call for a special meeting through the secretary, of the 
 entire Commission, at any time, by giving one week's notice. 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 29 
 
 Sixth — There shall be an auditing committee of three members 
 whose duty it shall be to examine and audit all bills and accounts 
 (the action of any two being binding) and report at the regular 
 monthly meetings of the Commission. 
 
 Seventh — A treasurer shall be appointed by the Commission, 
 who shall pay all bills which have been properly certified by the 
 auditing committee. 
 
 Eighth — The order of business at monthly meetings shall be 
 as follows: 
 
 1. Reading of minutes of previous meeting. 
 
 2. Report of executive committee. 
 
 3. Report of the treasurer. 
 
 4. Report of regular and special committees. 
 
 5. Unfinished business. 
 
 6. Communications. 
 
 7. New business. 
 
 Ninth — The secretary shall prepare and forward to each mem- 
 ber of the Commission a copy of the proceedings of the previous 
 meeting in his regular monthly calls for meetings. The secre- 
 tary shall be in constant attendance in the rooms of the Com- 
 mission unless otherwise directed, and keep full and accurate 
 records of all its proceedings, and shall make report of same 
 from time to time as he may be required. 
 
 All his records shall be open at all times to the inspection of 
 any member of the Commission. 
 
 He shall perform such duties as the president of the Commis- 
 sion or the chairman of the executive committee may impose 
 upon him." 
 
 At this meeting plans for the State's participation were in- 
 formally discussed, and the following telegram was forwarded 
 
30 ^^JW YORK AT THE 
 
 to DeLancey M. Ellis, then the Director of Education and Social 
 Economy for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission at 
 St. Louis : " The Oregon Commission desire you to take possession 
 for them of such exhibits mentioned in the resolution of the St. 
 Louis Commission as you may think available. Tvetter to follow. 
 (Signed) F. R. Green, President." 
 
 Pursuant to these instructions the following State exhibits 
 were tumedi over by Chas. A. Ball, Secretary and Chief Execu- 
 tive Officer of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission, to 
 Mr. Ellis — the entire exhibit in education and social economy, 
 a part of the forest, flsh and game exhibit, also parts of the 
 agricultural and scientific exhibits. These were stored in the 
 Handlan Co.'s warehouses in St. Louis pending the completion 
 of the Commission's plans and provision for their rece])tion at 
 Portland. 
 
 The second meeting of the Commission was held at the Hotel 
 Ten Eyck, Albany, on January 1, 1905. At that time a general 
 informal discussion was had concerning the erection of a State 
 building, the plan and scope of the State exhibit and the ways 
 and means for carrying on the work. It was the consensus of 
 opinion that an additional appropriation would be absolutely 
 . necessary to enable the State to participate in the Exposition 
 in a manner commensurate with its dignity and importance, and 
 that it would be impossible for the Commission to uphold the 
 State's prestige at an exposition so far from home upon the 
 amount then available for the purpose. Therefore it was decided 
 to defer all formal action concerning the State's participation 
 until a later meeting, and in the meantime to use strenuous 
 efforts to procure additional funds from the Legislature. 
 
LEWIS AND CLARE EXPOSITION 31 
 
 Inasmuch as the appropriation had been made directly to the 
 Governor, he requested that a bill be presented to the Legislature 
 transferring the appropriation from the Governor to the Com- 
 mission. This act was introduced and shortly after passed and 
 became chapter 715, laws of 1905, and is as follows : 
 
 CHAP. 715 
 
 AN ACT to provide for the representation of the state of New 
 York at the Lewis and Clark centennial exposition, at Port- 
 land, Oregon, and reappropriating money heretofore appro- 
 priated for such purpose. 
 
 Became a law, June 3, 1905, with the approval of the Governor. Passed 
 three-fifths being present. 
 
 The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate 
 and Assembly, do enact as follows: 
 
 Section 1. Frederick K. Green, Samuel B. Ward, Henry Alt- 
 man, Pratt A. Brown, Clarence Luce, Charles R. Huntley and 
 Harry D. Williams, heretofore appointed by the governor, in 
 pursuance of chapter seven hundred and twenty-nine of the 
 laws of nineteen hundred and four, for the purpose of providing 
 for an exhibit by the state of New York at the Lewis and Clark 
 centennial exposition to be held at Portland, Oregon during 
 the year nineteen hundred and five, are hereby constituted a 
 commission to be known as the "Lewis and Clark exposition 
 commission." Such commission shall encourage and promote an 
 exhibit of the commercial, educational, industrial, artistic and 
 other interests of th« state and its citizens at such exposition, 
 and shall if it deems advisable provide, furnish and maintain, 
 during the exposition, a building or room for a state exhibit 
 and for the oflScial headquarters of the state, for the comfort 
 and convenience of its citizens and exhibitors. Such exhibit shall 
 include so much of the exhibit made by the state of New York 
 at the Louisiana purchase exposition, as the commission deems 
 advisable. Such commission shall have power and authority, in 
 
32 'NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 its discretion, to .sell or otherwise dispose of any building, furni- 
 ture, fixtures or other property which shall have been acquired 
 by it pursuant to this section. 
 
 § 2. The members of the commission shall receive no compen- 
 sation for their services, but shall be entitled to the actual 
 necessary expenses incurred while in the discharge of their duties. 
 Such commission may provide such clerical assistants and oflSce 
 facilities as it deems necessary, but no salaries or expenses shall 
 be incurred for a longer period than ninety days after the close 
 of the exposition. 
 
 § 3. The sum of thirty-two thousand five hundred dollars, be- 
 ing the unexpended balance of the sum of thirty-five thousand 
 dollars, appropriated by chapter seven hundred and twenty-nine 
 of the laws of nineteen hundred and four to the governor for 
 the purpose of providing for an exhibit by the state of New 
 York at such exposition, including the expense of transporting 
 to Portland and return therefrom so much of the exhibit made 
 at the Louisiana purchase exposition as he deems appropriate, 
 is hereby reappropriated for the purposes of this act. Such 
 money shall be paid by the treasurer on the warrant of the comp- 
 troller issued upon a requisition signed by the president and 
 secretary of the commission, accompanied by an estimate of the 
 expenses for the payment of which the money so drawn is to be 
 applied. Within twenty days after the close of the exposition, 
 such commission shall make a verified report to the comptroller 
 of the disbursements made by it under this act and heretofore 
 made by it under chapter seven hundred and twenty-nine of the 
 laws of nineteen hundred and four, and shall return to the state 
 treasury the unexpended balance of money drawn in pursuance 
 of this act." No indebtedness or obligation shall be incurred under 
 this act in excess of the reappropriation herein made. 
 
 § 4. The commission shall as required by the governor from ' 
 time to time render to him reports of its proceedings. 
 
 § 5. This act shall take effect immediately. 
 
 State of New Yokk, | 
 
 Office of the Secretary of State, j 
 
 I have compared the preceding with the original law on file in this office, and 
 do hereby certify that the same is a correct transcript therefrom and of the 
 whole of said original law. JOHN P. O'BRIEN, 
 
 Secretary of Stale. 
 
COPYRIGHT, 1903, BY PIRIE MAC DONALD, PHOTOGRAPHER OF MEN, 
 
 CLARENCE LUCE 
 
 CHAIRMAN EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, NEW YORK STATE COMMISSION 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 33 
 
 With the beginning of February 1905, the work of the Com- 
 mission commenced in earnest. It had invariably been the 
 custom of previous commissions to appoint as secretary a man 
 from without their membership who served at a fixed compen- 
 sation, was present at all meetings, kept the minutes, directed 
 the detailed work — in fact the executive ofQcer. Commissioner 
 Luce, who had been elected secretary pro tern, understanding 
 through previous exposition experience the multitude of demands 
 upon such an appropriation and that the salary of a man equipped 
 to do this work would be a large item, offered to retain the 
 oflSce without compensation. He furthermore offered to prepare 
 plans for the State building and supervise its construction with- 
 out cost to the State. This action was applauded by his asso- 
 ciates who welcomed the opportunity thus to husband an inade- 
 quate appropriation, and they immediately passed a resolution 
 accepting Mr. Luce's oflfer, and tendering him a vote of thanks. 
 
 At a meeting of the Commission held at the Hotel Ten Eyck, 
 Albany, February 16th, Mr. Luce submitted plans for the State 
 building, which is described elsewhei-e. These plans were heartily 
 approved, and he was authorized to obtain bids for the construc- 
 tion of the building with the proviso that at the conclusion of 
 the Fair the structure should become the property of the con- 
 tractor. This action saved the State considerable money inasmuch 
 as a reasonable deduction was made by the contractor for the 
 value of the building, and moreover he was moved to use better 
 material in construction than if he were to have no further 
 interest in it. Fui-thermore, at the conclusion of any exposi- 
 tion, so much constmction material is thrown upon the market 
 at one time that it is absolutely impossible to obtain anything 
 like a fair return on it. 
 3 
 
34 2fBW YORK AT THE 
 
 In response to the invitation for bids, seven were submitted, 
 the lowest of which was |10,812, from the Eureka Com- 
 pany, at St. Louis, Mo, This bid was accepted, and Com- 
 missioner Luce was authorized to proceed to Portland, close the 
 contract on behalf of the Commission, attend the ground-break- 
 ing ceremonies as the Commission's representative, and make 
 full arrangements for the completion of the building before the 
 date of the opening of the Exposition. 
 
 The site of the building was upon land leased by the Exposi- 
 tion company from a citizen of Portland, and before the building 
 was completed, the contractor had sold it to the owner of the 
 land, to be turned over to him after the State of New York 
 had surrendered it. On account of the future use to wMch the 
 prospective owner desired to put it, a better foundation than 
 that contracted for was provided, and many improvements not 
 contemplated in the original contract were made, by which the 
 Commission profited at no additional expense. There were less 
 than three months between the ceremony of ground-breaking and 
 the opening of the Exposition in which to complete the structure, 
 but, as told elsewTiere, the building Avas entirely ready for the 
 reception of guests upon the opening day. 
 
 In February, DeLancey M. Ellis, of Rochester, was appointed 
 by the Commission as Director of Exhibits to take effect March 
 1, 1905, to complete the work falling under this head and such 
 other duties as the Commission might impose upon him for the 
 sum of |3,100. Early in June his title was changed to that of 
 Executive OflScer. 
 
 The Treasurer was authorized to employ such clerical assist- 
 ance as might be needed in his office at a sum not to exceed 
 $250, and under this authority appointed Mr. Herbert A. Hick- 
 man, of Buffalo, as clerk to the Treasurer. 
 
LEWIS AT^D CLARK EXPOSITION 35 
 
 The supply bill of 1905, which became chapter 700 of the laws 
 of that year, contained the following item : 
 
 " For the New York State Commissioners of the Lewis and 
 Clark Centennial Exposition, in defraying the general ex- 
 penses of said Commission, and for transportation of exhibits 
 to Portland, Oregon, and return, and for such other expenses 
 as may be required in the work of said Commission, including 
 actual, necessary and traveling and other contingent expenses 
 incurred by the said Commission, twenty thousand dollars 
 (120,000), or so much thereof as may be necessary." 
 With this additional appropriation assured, the Commission 
 saw its way clear to proceed to the carrying out of its plans 
 for the State's participation. 
 
 The question of a restaurant for the accommodation of the 
 visitors from the State and others was brought to the Commis- 
 sion's attention by a proposal from Bruno Pindat, of New York, 
 who offered to pay the State the sum of $3,500 in trade for the 
 privilege of conducting a restaurant in the State building, sub- 
 ject to the same restrictions which had been imposed by the 
 Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission. Mr. Pindat's pro- 
 posal was accepted. An offer was also received from Messrs. 
 Steinway and Son to place in the State building a Steinway 
 grand piano of special design, likewise an offer from Mr. Leon 
 Werson, of New York, to contribute some artistic panels of 
 decorated leather, for the embellishment of the building. Both of 
 these ofifers were accepted by resolution, and the thanks of the 
 Commission were tendered in both instances. 
 
 At the meeting of the Commission held early in July, Mr. 
 Green retired from the presidency and the Commission, the then 
 Vice-President, Dr. Ward, succeeding him as President. 
 
36 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 The members of the Commission's staff were appointed fronj 
 the dates set opposite their names, and served the State faith- 
 fully and eflSciently in their several capacities. Although 3,000 
 miles from home, practically the entire staff was made up 
 of appointees from the Empire State. The names of the members 
 of the staff and date of appointments are appended : 
 
 DeLancey M. Ellis, executive oflScer, |3,100, March 1, 1905. 
 
 Seward H. French, assistant, |125 per mo., June 1, 1905. 
 
 Hugh J. Kelly, assistant, $100 per mo., March 1, 1905. 
 
 E. J. Haddleton, watchman, |65 per mo., June 1, 1905. 
 
 C. R. Hotchkiss, attendant, f60 per mo., June 1, 1905. 
 
 T. F. Carney, attendant, $60 per mo., June 12, 1905. 
 
 Albert Helmkamp, attendant, $60 per mo., June 1, 1905. 
 
 Frank W. Stewart, attendant, |60 per mo., June 1, 1905. 
 
 Eobert Mayes, page, $5 per week, June 6, 1905. 
 
 Mrs. Bruno Pindat, housekeeper, $75 per mo., June 1, 1905. 
 
 Lizzie Vogel, maid, $55 per mo., June 1, 1905. 
 
 Mary Harms, maid, $55 per mo., June 1, 1905. 
 
 Helen Noonan, maid, $55 per mo., June 1, 1905. 
 
 The wisdom of the Commission in deciding to erect a State 
 pavilion was demonstrated not only in the exploitation given the 
 State by the appearance of such an attractive structure and by 
 its use on the part of the Exposition Company for its ofScial 
 entertaining, but surprisingly by the number of bona flde New 
 Yorkers who placed their names upon the register during the life 
 of the Exposition. When it is taken into consideration, first, 
 that many New Yorkers did not register at all, second, that 
 many more used the building during a considerable length of 
 time, registering but once, the total as given below is truly 
 remarkable. 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 37 
 
 The registration was as folloAvs: 
 
 June 726 
 
 July 1,171 
 
 August 1,283 
 
 September 923 
 
 October (to 15th of month) 345 
 
 4,448 
 
 Brief biographical sketches of the members of the Commission 
 follow : 
 
 SAMUEL BALDWIN WARD, A. M., M. D , Pii. D. 
 
 Dean of the faculty and professor of theory and practice 
 of medicine in the Albany Medical College. Was bom in New 
 York City June 8, 1842. He was educated in private schools iu 
 the City of New York, first at Dod's and later at Masset's and 
 Villeplait's. He entered Columbia in 1857, and graduated in 
 1861 with the degree of bachelor or arts. Following his gradu- 
 ation, he attended lectures at the College of Physicians and 
 Surgeons, registering as a student in the office of Dr. Willard 
 Parker. Early in 1862, he entered the service of the Sanitary 
 Commission, and later in the same year became acting medical 
 cadet in the United States Army. The following year he was 
 promoted to acting assistant surgeon, and in 1864 was com- 
 missioned assistant surgeon in the United States Volunteers, 
 having previously obtained the degree of M. D. at the Medical 
 Department of Georgetown University. 
 
 At the close of the war, he spent a year of study in the Euro- 
 pean hospitals and then returned to New York City, where he 
 entered on the active practice of his profession. While in New 
 York he was connected with the College of Physicians and Sur- 
 geons, was professor of anatomy and surgery in the Woman's 
 
38 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 Medical College of the New York Infirmary and was visiting 
 surgeon to the Presbyterian Hospital. He was also captain and 
 assistant surgeon of the Seventh Regiment of the State National 
 Guard, and later was major and surgeon of the Fifth Brigade 
 of the Guard from 1879 to 1881. 
 
 On May 1, 1876, he moved to Albany, N. Y., where he has 
 since lived. On his removal to Albany, he was offered and 
 accepted the chair of surgery in the Albany Medical College, 
 which he held for some years, later changing to the chair of 
 theory and practice of medicine, Avhich professorship he has 
 since held. In 1903 he was elected dean of the faculty. Dr. 
 Ward was formerly consulting physician to St. Peter's Hos- 
 pital and president of the Board of Commissioners of State 
 Survey. At present he is attending physician to the Albany 
 Hospital, secretary and treasurer of the executive committee 
 of the State Normal College, president of the board of trustees 
 of the Dudley Observatory, a member of the board of trustees 
 of the Albany Female Academy, of the board of governors of 
 Union University and of the board of governors of the Albany 
 Hospital. 
 
 He has also been a member of the City Board of Health and 
 is president of the Medical Examining Board of the Civil Service 
 Commission of the State of New York. He is also a member 
 and ex-president of the Albany County Medical Society, a mem- 
 ber and an ex-president of the State Medical Society, a member 
 of the Association of American Physicians, of the Century Asso- 
 ciation, the University Club of New York City, the Fort Orange 
 Club of Albany, of which he was president for two years, a 
 member and ex-president of the Albany Camera Club, and mem- 
 ber of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 39 
 
 On October 10, 1&71, Dr. Ward married Miss Nina A. Wheeler 
 of New York City, who died in October 1883, leaving three 
 children ; Nina P., Annie W. and S. Dwight Ward, all of whom 
 are now living. On April 29, 1897, he married Grace Fitz- 
 Randolph, daughter of the late Rev. Dr. Noah Schenck, of 
 Brooklyn. 
 
 CLARENCE LUCE 
 
 Was born in Chicopee, Massachusetts, June 10, 1854. His 
 parents moved shortly thereafter to Haydenville, Massachusetts. 
 He spent four years in the scientific school, Williston Seminary, 
 Easthampton, Massachusetts. In 1870 he went to Boston, and 
 studied architecture in the oflSce of Gridley J. F. Bryant, the 
 most successful architect of his day, afterwards becoming his 
 partner. 
 
 He took a course in the Lowell Institute and attended lectures 
 on architecture and archaeology at Harvard University. He 
 moved to New York in 1884, and met with signal success in his 
 chosen profession. 
 
 In exposition work Mr. Luce was the architect of the Massachu- 
 setts State building at the Philadelphia Exposition in 1876, archi- 
 tect of the Court of Honor at the Paris Exposition in 1900, archi- 
 tect of the New York State building at the St. Louis Exposition in 
 1904, and received gold medals for all of them. The excellence 
 of his work at St. Louis prompted Governor Odell to appoint 
 him on the New York Commission to Portland. 
 
 HARRY D. WILLIAMS 
 
 Was born in the village of Hamilton, Madison county, New 
 York, October 28, 1862. He moved to Buffalo in 1864 and has 
 
40 ^mw YORK AT THE 
 
 resided there since tliat time. He was educated in the public 
 schools of Buffalo, and later by private instruction. He was 
 admitted to the practice of law in this State in January 1884. 
 
 Mr. Williams was for four years, 1886 to 1890, commodore 
 of the Buffalo Yacht Club, and for fifteen years one of its board 
 of directors. He is a member of the Saturn Club, the Buffalo 
 Club, the Ellicott Club, the Country Club and the Buffalo Yacht 
 Club. 
 
 Mr. Williams, from 1884 to 1896 was very active in local 
 democratic politics, though never an oifice holdei*. He was chair- 
 man of the Buffalo Democratic City Committee and member of 
 the Erie County Democratic Committee. In 1896 he was chair- 
 man of the Palmer and Buckner campaign committee in Erie 
 county, and with his associates conducted an active campaign 
 among the gold democrats. In 1898 Mr. Williams became a 
 republican. April 28, 1891, Mr. Williams married Louise, 
 daughter of Lawrence Skey, Esq., of Port Dover, Ontario, Canada, 
 and has two children, Lawrence George, aged 14, and George 
 Bennett, aged 4. 
 
 PRATT A. BROWN 
 
 Born September 6, 1874, in Dublin, Lawrence County, Georgia, 
 and is the son of William W. Brown (now deceased) formerly 
 a member of the Republican National Committee. Resided from 
 1875 until the fall of 1892 in Macon, Georgia. Graduated at 
 Mercer University, Macon, in 1892, and at the Academic Depart- 
 ment of Yale in 1894. Attended New York Law School and was 
 graduated in 1896. Admitted to the bar at the June term of 
 the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court in 1896. Became 
 associated with the law firm of Evarts, Choate & Beeman in April 
 
HARRY D. WILLIAMS 
 
 TREASUEER, NEW YORK STATE COMMISSION 
 
LEWIS AXD CLARK EXPOSITION 41 
 
 1895, and continued association with that firm until its dissolu- 
 tion in 1902. Then became associated with the firm of Nicoll, 
 Anable & Lindsay, of 31 Nassau street, New York City, and was 
 placed in charged of the litigation growing out of the construc- 
 tion of the Rapid Transit Subway, in which pursuit he is now 
 engaged. Mr. Brown has taken an active interest in politics, 
 beginning with the presidential election in 1896, when he took 
 the stump for McKinley. Has served as secretary, member of 
 the Membership Committee, chairman of the Committee on City 
 Affairs, chairman of the Campaign Committee in 1903 and 1904, 
 and third vice-president of the Republican Club of the City of 
 New York. He is one of the directors of the Society for the 
 Prevention of Crime. 
 
 HENRY ALTMAN 
 
 Born in the town of Indiana, Pennsylvania. Served an appren- 
 ticeship to the tanning business with James Torrance, in Punx- 
 sutawney, that state. 
 
 Went to Minnesota in 1852 by steamboat via the Ohio and 
 Mississippi rivers, the only route thither at that time. That 
 year took up a claim adjoining the original town site of Lesueur 
 on the Minnesota river. Indians becoming threatening, aban- 
 doned it. That and following year engaged in rafting logs and 
 lumber on the Mississippi river between St. Paul and St. Louis. 
 Prom 1853 to 1861 engaged in the lumber and ice business in 
 Muscatine and Davenport, Iowa. In 1858-59 member of the 
 Democratic State Committee of Iowa and in 1860 as its chairman 
 conducted the Douglas presidential campaign. 
 
 In 1861 went to Colorado, starting from the Mississippi river 
 and alone (being own housekeeper, cook and laundryman across 
 
42 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 Iowa and the plains), with wagon, three yoke of oxen, one cow, 
 two pigs, 3,000 pounds of potatoes and two poundsi of Scott 
 county, Iowa, onion seeds. 
 
 Arriving at Denver, cut the eyes out of the potatoes, planted 
 them, sold the remaining portion for sixteen cents per pound, 
 and the onion seeds for sixteen dollars per ounce. Was engaged 
 in mining in Colorado for several years following, during which 
 . time was member of the higher branch of its Legislature, probate 
 judge of one of its counties, and chairman of the Democratic 
 Territorial Committee. Procured from its first Legislature of 
 1861 the first Pacific Eailroad charter granted by any legislative 
 body in the United States either by special or general act up to 
 that time, its franchise title being the " Colorado and Pacific 
 Wagon, Telegraph and Railroad Company." 
 
 Came to New York a second time in 1864. Same year married 
 Mrs. Philip Hone Anthon of that city, who died in 1885. In 
 1871 went to London, remaining abroad six years promoting land, 
 mining and railroad enterprises of the United States and other 
 countries. Eeturning, engaged in enterprises in and about New 
 York, mining in Colorado and Utah, and at present in Montana, 
 being the president of the " Sacajawea Gold and Copper Co." of 
 that state. Voted for General Grant for President in 1868, and 
 with the exception of several partial lapses, has been a steady 
 high private in the G. O. P. ranks ever since. 
 
 CHARLES R. HUNTLEY 
 
 Was born in Winfield, Herkimer county, New York, October 
 12, 1854. Late in) the 70's he settled at Buffalo, New York, and in 
 1878 became general agent of the Standard Oil Company, and 
 remained with that corporation at Bradford, Pennsylvania, in 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 43 
 
 their oil interests to 1883. For the next five years he conducted 
 a brokerage business at Bradford, Pennsylvania, and in 1888 
 again came to Buffalo, looking after the interests of the Brush 
 Electric Light Company which subsequently became the Buffalo 
 General Electric Company, of which he is now vice-president and 
 general manager. He is also vice-president and general manager 
 of the Cataract Power and Conduit Company, an organization 
 which has the distribution of Niagara Falls power ; vice-president 
 of the Peoples Bank of Buffalo; treasurer of the Buffalo & 
 Niagara Falls Electric Light and Power Company ; vice-president 
 of the Western New York Water Company; president of the 
 Niagara Tachometer & Instrument Company. He is also a mem- 
 ber of the executive committee of the Kansas City, Mexico and 
 Orient R. R., and a former president of the National Electric 
 Light Association. He is a prominent citizen of Buffalo and 
 has been identified with all progressive movements. 
 
CHAPTER III 
 
 New York State Building 
 
NEW YORK STATE BUILDING 
 
 IT is not only the duty but also the pleasure of the New York 
 Commission to make due acknowledgment in this report to 
 the officials of the Exposition for the generosity, even partiality, 
 shown the Empire State in the allotment of a site for its State 
 building. It was a subject of general remark that no State 
 building was more advantageously located than that of the Em- 
 pire State, with the possible exception of the Washington State 
 building, which commanded practically the same view from the 
 west that the New York building did from the east. Unlike 
 other expositions which have gone before, the pavilions 
 of the various states were not confined to one particular section 
 of the grounds, but were located in various suitable places so 
 as best to contribute to the general effect. The New York build- 
 ing was one of the pleasing features of the " main picture." 
 
 The main picture, so-called, of the Exposition as viewed from 
 Guild's lake consisted of gently sloping terraces rising from 
 the level of the lake about 150 feet to the plaza upon which the 
 main group of buildings was located. These terraces were cut 
 by the grand staircase leading from the sunken gardens to the 
 lake, and also by numerous walks and drives, while dotted here 
 audi there were immense flower beds filled for the most part with 
 Portland's choicest blossoms — roses. This picture was framed 
 on the west by the wooded park, on the south by the Agricul- 
 tural and Foreign Exhibits buildings, and on the east by the 
 New York State building. 
 
 The building was located about midway up the hill, thus afford- 
 
48 A'A'W YORIi: AT THE 
 
 ing to the north a most sweeping view of Guild's lake, Govern- 
 ment peninsula, the Willamette river and valley in the distance, 
 and to the west the well kept lawns and flower heds of Cen- 
 tennial park and the varicolored and fantastic shaped structures 
 upon the " Trail," all of which stood out boldly before the wooded 
 background formed by Willamette Heights. To the east and 
 in the rear of the New York building was located the replica 
 of Lincoln's home which was used as a State building for Illinois, 
 adjoining which was a rest pavilion also erected by the Illinois 
 Commission. North of the Illinois building stood the Idaho build- 
 ing, while a little further to the north stood the building erected 
 by Utah. East of the Illinois building was located a reproduction 
 of the Longfellow home erected by the State of Maine, and used 
 as its State building. Just to the south of the Illinois building 
 the Exposition Company erected a large pavilion with an awning 
 cover which was used for large receptions, dances, etc., and a 
 covered passageway was built by which it could be connected 
 with the New York State building as occasion required. It soon 
 became known as the Pavilion Annex, and was the scene of many 
 brilliant functions during the Exposition period. 
 
 The Oregon building was located near the main entrance, and 
 while it was more accessible to visitora upon entering the grounds 
 it was so located as to command none of the beautiful vistas which 
 were visible upon all sides from the building of the Empire State. 
 
 The site was formally turned over to the Commission on March 
 3, 1905. Commissioner Clarence Luce, chairman of the executive 
 committee, who was also the architect of the building, went to 
 Portland for the purpose of representing the New York Com- 
 mission upon that occasion and of formally accepting the tender. 
 On the day of the transfer of the site. Commissioner Luce was 
 
PRATT A. BROWN 
 
 NEW YORK STATE COMMISSIONBE 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 49 
 
 given a luncheon by the President of the Exposition at which 
 were present many of the Exposition's directors and prominent 
 citizens of Portland. At the conclusion of the luncheon the 
 guests, accompanied by the wives of those mentioned above, 
 proceeded in tallyhos to the Exposition grounds, going directly 
 to the site. President Goode briefly expressed the gratification 
 of the Exposition Company and the people of the State of Oregon 
 that the Empire State was to participate in the Exposition, and 
 stated that he fully realized that her participation would be of 
 great benefit to the Exposition and to the Northwest, and hoped 
 that in some measure benefit would accrue to the State of New 
 York on account of such participation. He then in the name of 
 the Exposition management made formal presentation of the site. 
 
 In his response accepting the site, Commissioner Luce thanked 
 President Goode for the courtesies shown him upon that occasion, 
 and stated that a lively interest was being taken throughout the 
 East in the Exposition. He added that he hoped that the plans for 
 the participation of the Empire State would meet with the ap- 
 proval of the Exposition authorities, and expressed his own thanks 
 and those of his colleagues upon the Commission for the con- 
 sideration shown the State in the allotment of a site. 
 
 The first spadeful of earth was thereupon lifted by Mrs. Goode; 
 wife of President Goode, after which spadefuls of earth were 
 lifted in turn by President Goode and Commissioner liuce. This 
 completed the brief but impressive ceremonies. 
 
 The building of the State of New York was one of but very 
 few entirely ready for the reception of guests on the opening 
 day of the Exposition. It is recorded elsewhere how the pro- 
 ceedings of that day were clustered in and about the building 
 of the Empire State. While not as large as the buildings of 
 4 
 
50 yiSW YORK AT THE 
 
 some of the other commonwealths represented, there was a simple 
 dignity and quiet elegance about the structure which seemed to 
 at once impress the visitor with the fact that it was New York's 
 home even before he approached near enough to read the letters 
 proclaiming that fact over the entranceways. 
 
 The Commission was confronted with the problem of erecting 
 a suitable building upon an appropriation which seemed to render 
 results commensurate with the dignity and prestige of the State 
 almost an impossibility, but a solution was reached by the gen- 
 erous actioni of Commissioner Luce in offering to prepare the 
 plans and superintend the construction of the building without 
 cost to the State. His artistic taste and ripe judgment supple- 
 mented by his experience gained in previous expositions as to 
 the essentials in the comstruction of a building of this kind 
 brought forth results which seemed almost incredible considering 
 the amount expended, for which the Commission was compli- 
 mented again and again. 
 
 The building was planned primarily for the comfort, conve- 
 nience and accommodation of visitors from the Empire Sta.te, for 
 the holding of such functions as were given under State auspices, 
 and to be a place where the sons and daughters of New York 
 who had before left the old home to seek their fortunes in the 
 great West could meet each other and those old friends who 
 were making a brief trip into that part of the country. Further- 
 more, it was to stand as an evidence of the cordial feeling of 
 the Empire State towards its sister state and appreciation of the 
 fact that the prosperity of the two commonwealths were in a great 
 measure interdependent. 
 
 The building proper, which was two stories high, covered ap- 
 proximately without verandas 3,200 square feet (40x80), and a 
 
LEWIS AJVD CLARK EXPOSITION 5I 
 
 one story addition at the rear which was known as the exhibit 
 hall contained 1,250 square feet (25x50). The structure was 
 pure Italian in design, and on the north and south ends were 
 verandas from which huge columns arose supporting the roof 
 line above the second floor and giving an old colonial effect. 
 
 It can fairly be said that there were three main approaches 
 from the very nature of the location. On the north the building 
 was reached from Grey's boulevard by a grand stairway flanked 
 with parapets containing huge vases of blossoming plants, and 
 which diverged half way up into two smaller stairways, one on 
 either side, by each of which the north veranda was reached. On 
 the west was an entrance for pedestrians leading directly into the 
 building proper. On the south a short flight of steps led to a 
 circular veranda from which one entered the reception rooms. 
 This was the entrance most commonly used, being nearest to an 
 avenue much frequented by Exposition visitors and also most 
 convenient for those arriving in carriages. 
 
 The north veranda extended some distance beyond the line of 
 the columns, and was used in conjunction with the dining room 
 a« a private restaurant for the accommodation of New Yorkers 
 and their friends. The structure was so planned that from most 
 any entrance a very charming vista greeted the eye. In the centre 
 was an octagonal rotunda running the full height of the building 
 an'd capped by a circular dome so planned that the hallway on 
 the second floor skirted the edge of the well. This hallway was 
 supported by eight pairs of circular columns. In the four diag- 
 onal sides of the rotunda were plate mirrors encased in French 
 sash. The effect was charming, and apparently magnified con- 
 siderably the size of the rotunda. 
 
 The stairway ascending to the second story followed the line 
 
52 ' NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 of one side of the well and was ingeniously concealed behind it. 
 About the hallway on the second floor was a handsome balustrade, 
 in the panels of which were placed entablatures containing the 
 coat of arms of the State of New York about eighteen inches 
 high. To the south of the rotunda was the reception room about 
 25x40 feet broken in the centre by two pairs of columns. The 
 interior finish was of paneled wood painted a pure white, the 
 ceiling being of natural colored burlap paneled. Heavy hang- 
 ings of green tapestry draped the French windows which opened 
 to the floor, the mission furniture used exclusively being uphol- 
 stered in Spanish leather and painted a pure white. 
 
 On entering the room, one's impression was that of restfulness 
 and simplicity. In one corner of this room the leading papers 
 and periodicals of the State were on file. That this feature was 
 fully appreciated was demonstrated by the number of people that 
 made use of it. Many of the New Yorkers who visited the Fair 
 made their sojourn in Portland an incident of a somewhat ex^ 
 tended trip through the western country, and an opportunity to 
 see newspapers from home was appreciated. The Commission 
 acknowledge the courtesy of the publishers of the following pub- 
 lications in sending them to the New York State building during 
 the entire Exposition period: 
 
 Adams (Jefferson County) Albion (Orleans County) Re- 
 Journal publican 
 Albany Argus Amsterdam Evening Recorder 
 Albany Journal Army and Navy Journal 
 Albany Press and Knicker- Auburn Bulletin 
 
 bocker Auburn Citizen 
 
 Albany Times-Union Batavia Daily News 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 
 
 53 
 
 Bath (Steuben County) Advo- 
 cate 
 
 Binghamton Evening Herald 
 
 Binghamton Press and Leader 
 
 Binghamton Republican 
 
 Brooklyn Citizen 
 
 Brooklyn Daily Eagle 
 
 Brooklyn Daily Times 
 
 Brooklyn Life 
 
 Brooklyn Standard-Union 
 
 Buffalo Commercial 
 
 Buffalo Evening News 
 
 Buffalo Express 
 
 Cambridge (Washington Coun- 
 ty) Post 
 
 Canandaigua (Ontario County) 
 Journal 
 
 Catskill Recorder 
 
 Colliers Weekly 
 
 Corning Evening Leader 
 
 Dansville Advertiser 
 
 Delhi (Delaware County) Ex- 
 press 
 
 Dunkirk Evening Observer 
 
 Ellicottville Post 
 
 Elmira Advertiser 
 
 Elmira Gazette 
 
 Fort Plain Standard 
 
 Geneva Daily Times 
 
 Glens Palls Morning Post 
 
 Glens Palls Times 
 
 Gloversville-Johnstown Morn- 
 ing Herald 
 
 Gouverneur Pree Press 
 
 Ilion Citizen 
 
 Ithaca Daily Pair 
 
 Ithaca Daily Journal 
 
 Jamestown Evening Journal 
 
 Jamestown Post 
 
 Judge 
 
 Keeseville (Essex County) Re- 
 publican 
 
 Kingston Daily Preeman 
 
 LeRoy Gazette 
 
 Leslie's Weekly 
 
 Life 
 
 Lyons Republican 
 
 Massena Observer Press 
 
 Mexico Independent 
 
 Middletown Daily Times 
 
 Montour Palls Pree Press 
 
 Mount Vernon Daily Argus 
 
 Music Trade Review 
 
 Newark Union 
 
 Newburgh Daily News 
 
 New York City Daily Star 
 
 New York City Globe 
 
 New York Daily Pinancial 
 News 
 
 New York Evening Mail 
 
 New York Evening Post 
 
 New York Evening Sun 
 
54 
 
 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 New York Jewish Daily News 
 
 New York Press 
 
 New Y^ork Staats-Zeitung 
 
 New York Sun 
 
 New York Tribune 
 
 New York World 
 
 Oneida Post 
 
 Oneonta Star 
 
 Outlook 
 
 Owego Times 
 
 Penn Yan (Yates County) 
 
 Chronicle 
 Plattsburg Sentinel 
 Potsdam Courier Freeman 
 Poughkeepsie Evening Star 
 Puck 
 
 Rochester Democrat-Chronicle 
 Rochester Evening Times 
 Rochester Post Express 
 
 Rome Daily Sentinel 
 Saratoga Daily Saratogian 
 Schenectady Evening Star 
 Schenectady Evening Union 
 Schenectady Gazette 
 Scientific American 
 Syracuse Post Standard 
 Town Topics 
 Troy Evening Standard 
 Troy Record 
 Troy Times 
 Utica Daily Press 
 Utica Observer 
 Wall Street Journal 
 Watertown Daily Times 
 Watkins Express 
 Waverly Free Press 
 Yonkers Herald 
 
 The dining room was north of the rotunda and connected 
 with it by an arched passageway. The same treatment was used 
 for walls and ceiling as in the reception rooms. It was the 
 original intention that the restaurant features of the building 
 should be confined largely to the north veranda, but through- 
 out the entire summer the evenings were invariably so cool as 
 to make it impracticable to use the veranda to any extent after 
 sundown. The dining room was the scene of many brilliant 
 functions recorded elsewhere, and often its walls have 
 echoed with the applause provoked by the patriotic sentiments, 
 anecdotes and epigrams uttered by many distinguished men. 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 55 
 
 On the north wall hung two handsome panels of decorated 
 embossed leather depicting scenes incidental to the journey of 
 Lew^is and Clark into the Northwest territory guided by the 
 Indian Princess Sacajawea. These panels were the work of 
 Mr. Leon J. Werson, and were furnished the Commission through 
 the courtesy of Commissioner Luce. The walls of both the dining 
 room and the reception room were hung with pictures of many 
 of the most charming bits of scenery in the State Including 
 the Adirondacks, the Catskills and the Thousand Islands. 
 Directly east of the rotunda was the oflBce, which was easy of 
 access to the public. Here the business of the Commission was 
 transacted, and here, also, were located the bureau of informa- 
 tion, public telephone and other conveniences. Directly to 
 the rear of the oflSce was the exhibit hall, at each end of which 
 was a circular recess giving a chancel effect. The room was 
 lighted for the most part by a huge skylight extending prac- 
 tically the entire length of the room. The walls and ceiling 
 were of green burlap of a neutral tint forming an appropriate 
 background for the exhibits displayed. From this room a door 
 led to the north veranda. 
 
 The second floor of the building was given over entirely to 
 sleeping accommodations for the members of the Commission 
 and their guests. There were two suites, consisting of parlor, 
 bedroom and bath, at the north end. In 'the south end were 
 five bedrooms and a bathroom. The walls of the entire floor 
 were of Oregon fir so constructed as to give a panel effect. 
 This wood has a most beautiful grain, and when planed a satin- 
 like surface. Absolutely no finish was applied and no amount 
 of paint or dressing could have produced a result more pleas- 
 ing. The ceilings were of burlap, either green or red as the 
 
56 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 case might be, set off in panels by battens of fir. The furniture 
 used was of curly maple, while dainty muslin hangings draped 
 the windows. A plain matting covered the floors. The entire 
 scheme of treatment was very inexpensive and the effect was 
 extremely artistic. The rooms were appropriate for summer and 
 for the occasion. 
 
 There were many bits of artistic work in sculpture about the 
 building, the models being furnished by Philip Martiny, 
 Jr. These were most noticeable on the front of the 
 building. Above the cornice line was an entablature which con- 
 tained the word "New York" on either side of which was a 
 Cupid, one hand resting upon the name plate, the other hold- 
 ing a horn through which he proclaimed the prestige of the 
 Empire State. Surmounting the entablature was the coat of 
 arms of the State standing three feet high. The graceful female 
 figures stood out in clear relief against the blue sky, and over 
 all waved " Old Glory." Grouped about and above the entrance- 
 way were four tablets containing the coats of arms of the 
 United States, the Lewis and Clark Exposition, the City of 
 New York and City of Buffalo. 
 
 A most pleasing feature of the building were thred huge vases 
 standing three feet high, gracefully modelled and containing 
 in relief the coats of arms of the United States, the City of 
 New York and the Lewis and Clark Exposition. These were 
 kept filled with a profusion of blossoms and were a most attrac- 
 tive embellishment either for the banquet table or the reception 
 rooms as the case might be. 
 
 The lighting of the building throughout was by electricity. 
 On the lower floor electroliers of special design were hung. 
 They were circular in form suspended by massive chains. From 
 
HENRY ALTMAN 
 
 NEW YORK STATE COMMISSIONER 
 
LEWIB AND CLARK EXPOSITION 
 
 57 
 
 the rim of the circle hung smaller chains containing spherical 
 globes. The eleictrolier in the main rotunda was particularly 
 efifective, hanging from the centre of the dome to a point at 
 about the level of the second floor. This electrolier, similar 
 in design to the smaller ones, consisted of three concentric 
 circles in grad^uated sizes amd contained thirty-two lights. On 
 the second floor the electroliers were extremely simple being 
 of antique brass. The building was outlined at night in elec- 
 tricity, 560 lights being used for that purpose. It was one of 
 the features of the elaborate scheme of illumination which had 
 been planned and was so successfully carried out by the 
 Exposition management through the electrical engineer, Mr. 
 Thompson. 
 
 One of the features which added materially to the popularity 
 of the building was a private restaurant conducted by Bruno 
 Pindat of New York City. The kitchen and commissary depart- 
 ment was in the basement, meals and refreshments being served 
 either upon the nortih veranda or in the dining room. The 
 privileges of the restaurant were by card only, and were ex- 
 tended to New Yorkers, Exposition officials, prominent citizens 
 of Portland and Exposition visitors of note. The cuisine was 
 most excellent and throughout the season appetizing meals 
 were served. Canopies were erected upon the north veranda 
 as a shield from the sun, and the luncheon hour invariably 
 found the tables all taken. In the evening these canopies were 
 illuminated with electric lights contained in Japanese lanterns. 
 This restaurant was the only strictly first-class restaurant upon 
 the Exposition grounds, and it enjoyed the greatest popularity 
 among those who were privileged to use it. 
 
 The Comimission acknowledges the courtesy of Steinway and 
 
58 ^EW YORK AT THE LEWIS AND OLABK EXPOSITION 
 
 Company, of New York, in placing in the State building a 
 magnificent grand piano. This firm enjoys the reputation of 
 building only the finest instruments and that which was placed 
 in the State building was one of the very best which ever 
 left the shop of this famous firm of piano builders. It was 
 the only Steinway piano upon the grounds, and it was used 
 several times for recitals and informal musicales given by noted 
 artists and enthusiastic music lovers. The case was of mahog- 
 any, the effect being antique colonial. About the body of the 
 case were inlaid panels depicting mythological figures represent- 
 ing the human emotions — joy, love, sorrow, anger, hatred — as 
 interpreted by music. 
 
 In expositions which have gone before the State may have had 
 more pretentious, more luxurious, more expensive and more 
 enduring structures, but the Commission believe that it has 
 never before erected a more artistic and at the same time more 
 appropriate and useful structure than the one just described. 
 
 To Commissioner Luce the members of the Commission feel 
 under especial obligations. He gave unstintingly of his time 
 and the resources of his oflSce, to the sacrifice of commissions 
 which meant large remuneration, and with his usual enthusiasm 
 he put his best thought iuto the work. For all of this the 
 State of New York was charged nothing, thus furnishing a 
 refreshing example of public spirit in the midst of a multitude 
 of disclosures of breach of trust on the part of many men 
 charged with administering the finances and affairs of others. 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 
 Exhibits 
 
EXHIBITS 
 
 SOON after the organization of the Commission in the fall of 
 1904, a communication was received from the Louisiana 
 Purchase Exposition Commission offering to turn over to the 
 Lewis and Clark Commission such of the State exhibits 
 at St. Louis as the Lewis and Clark Commission desired, 
 subject to the consent of individual exhibitors where their in- 
 terests were affected. From the St. Louis exhibits in educa- 
 tion, social economy, forest, fish and game, agriculture and 
 science were chosen about four car-loads of miscellaneous ex- 
 hibit material which were deemed suitable for exhibition pur- 
 poses at Portland. This material was stored for the winter at St. 
 Louis, and early in the spring sent on to Portland. Sometime 
 before, the Exposition company had determined that the exhibits 
 of all states Should be installed in the various state buildings 
 rather than in the general exhibit palaces. 
 
 It was the loriginal intention of the Commission to devote 
 the entire lower floor of the New York State building to exhibit 
 purposes, but upon arrival in Portland, it was learned that it 
 would be impracticable to confine the restaurant, which in nearly 
 all expositions has been a feature of the New York building, 
 to the veranda, owing not only to the rainy season in spring 
 and fall, but also to the fact that the evenings were invariably 
 so cool, as to make it impossible to dine out of doors with any 
 degree of comfort. Therefore it was necessary to give up the 
 north room to restaurant purposes. Moreover, provision was 
 necessary for a lounging and resting room for New Yorkers and 
 
62 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 other visitors to the building, a reception room when functions 
 were held, as well as for a reading room where the daily papers 
 of the State could be placed upon file. The south room was 
 set aside to meet these demands. Consequently it was necessary 
 to confine the exhibit to the exhibit hall and the Commission's 
 ofSce. 
 
 Under the circumstances it was impossible to install at one 
 time all of the material taken to Portland. Therefore the plan 
 was adopted of changing the exhibit from time to time, giving 
 special prominence to dififerent features during the sessions of 
 conventions or other gatherings which would be interested in 
 those particular features. As, for example, during the meeting 
 of the American Medical Society the exhibit made by the State 
 Commission in Lunacy of the ancient and modern care of the 
 insane was shown ; during the meeting of the American Library 
 Association the library exhibit prepared by the State Library 
 was installed, and during the meeting of the National Society 
 of Charities and Corrections the exhibit of the State Board of 
 Charities was given prominence. In this way practically all 
 of the material taken to Portland was displayed during some 
 period of the Fair. This method provoked a more lively interest 
 on the part of the people of Portland and vicinity in the New 
 York exhibit as with each recurring visit some new feature of 
 the resources of the Empire State was brought to their attention. 
 
 To be sure, in a measure this method interfered with entering 
 the State exhibits for awards, inasmuch as it was against the 
 rules of the Exposition company to make any entries for award 
 of exhibits which were not in place at the time the juries made 
 their inspections during the month of September, and it would 
 be manifestly unfair to enter only such material as was dis- 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 63 
 
 played at that time to the exclusion of other exhibits of equal 
 merit which were shown at other times. Moreover, as the 
 entire exhibit had been passed upon in St. Louis by an inter- 
 national jury of experts, from whom it had received most 
 thorough consideration and a generous number of awards, and 
 furthermore because it was imposisible in the smaller exposition 
 both fcom the limited resources of the Exposition Company and 
 from the geographical situation of the Exposition to obtain 
 experts in the various groups of the oflScial classification, it 
 was deemed wise not to enter the exhibits of the State for 
 competition, following the same course which was followed by 
 the United States government. Therefore, the fact that no 
 record of awards appears in this report does not mean that 
 none of the State exhibits were deemed worthy of a medal, but 
 that none of the exhibits made under State auspices were entered 
 for consideration on the part of the juries. 
 
 A brief account of the exhibits made in the various depart- 
 ments follows : 
 
 Education 
 
 Practically the entire educational exhibit shown at St. Louis 
 was taken to Portland, the entire scheme of education in the 
 State being shown in wall cabinets, twenty-four in number, 
 covering the work from the kindergarten to the university, as 
 well as the work that is being done by institutions not purely 
 educational in character. 
 
 An interesting set of graphic charts was displayed, contain- 
 ing figures as to the amount of money annually expended by 
 the Empire State for educational purposes. To the westerner 
 familiar with like figures for his own state, the grand total of 
 fortT-one millions of dollars was appalling, particularly in con- 
 
64 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 nection with the statement that this amount is more than one- 
 seventh of the entire amount expended for educational purposes 
 in the Union. The charts also contain the figures upon the 
 value of school houses and sites, amount expended for teachers' 
 wages, attendance of pupils both elementary and secondary, and 
 the number of students in the higher institutions of learning. 
 
 The organization of the State Education Department was 
 clearly shown by means of photographs, administrative blanks, 
 and reading matter. The collective exhibit of the kindergartens 
 and elementary schools contained many handsome photographs 
 showing both exteriors and interiors of some of the finest school 
 buildings in the State, together with pictures of classes at work, 
 specimens of work, written work, et cetera, which were supple- 
 mented by several hundred volumes of class exercises. The same 
 general line of material was shown for the secondary schools. 
 
 The State normal and training schools — twelve in number — 
 likewise the city training schools, and training classes in rural 
 districts made interesting exhibits of the work of the State in 
 the professional training of teachers. In no state of the Union 
 is a more elaborate scheme of preparation of this kind carried 
 on than in the Empire State, and the interest of the educators 
 of the West in this feature of the exhibit testified to the ac- 
 knowledged supremacy of New York in this work. 
 
 In the university section was an exhibit from Hobart College, 
 an interesting feature of which was the astronomical work of 
 Dr. Brooks, who has the distinction of having discovered more 
 comets than any of his contemporaries. Syracuse University 
 made a very meritorious exhibit from the department of fine 
 arts, particular attention being given to the work of archi- 
 tecture. The exhibit of the Clarkson Memorial School of Tech- 
 
CHARLES R. HUNTLEY 
 
 NEW YOEK STATE COMMISSIONER 
 
LEWIS AND GLARE EXPOSITION 65 
 
 nology at Potsdam, an endowed institution which provides 
 technical training for boys and girls, was typical of the 
 work of the technical schools of the State. An exhibit was 
 also in place from the industrial and trade schools. 
 
 The idea of the westerner that the entire State of New York 
 is made up of busy cities and thriving villages was badly 
 shattered when he looked over the exhibit of the Indian schools 
 of the Empire State in which over 800 Indian pupils are en- 
 rolled. It was hard for him to believe that the State maintained 
 thirty-one Indian schools on eight different Indian reservations. 
 
 The schools for defectives were represented by the State School 
 for the Blind at Batavia, and the New York Institution for the 
 Deaf and Dumb of New York City, both of which institutions 
 stand in the first rank. Their methods for rendering the deaf, 
 dumb, and blind self-supporting were clearly portrayed. 
 
 The City iEistory Club of New York furnished an example 
 of work done outside of the regular channels, this institution 
 being designed to create and foster civic pride. A feature 
 was a collection of pottery made at the New York State School 
 of Clay Working and Ceramics at Alfred, which, it is 
 believed, is the only institution of this nature in the entire 
 Union receiving State aid. Another feature was a handsome 
 model of the new State Normal School at Fredonia, constructed 
 by the students of the institution. 
 
 Social Economy 
 
 In the department of social economy the exhibit attract- 
 ing the widest attention was that made by the New York 
 State Commission in Lunacy, in which the ancient and modern 
 methods for the care of the insane were shown in a forceful 
 
66 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 way. In the centre of the exhibit hall were erected walls seven 
 feet high so as to form two rooms side by side, one of which 
 was dingy, unattractive and filled with the implements of torture 
 which in the olden days were used for caring for those afflicted 
 with insanity. In one corner stood a massive crib with a grated 
 top on many of the slats of which were plainly visible teeth marks 
 made by frenzied patients in their endeavor to escape. Nearby 
 stood a restraining chair in which the patient was bound and 
 placed upon a circular platform and spun around like a top. 
 The old form of shackles and the old style of strait-jacket 
 were in evidence, and also one of the old gratings which for- 
 merly covered the windows. At the entrance stood one of the 
 doors taken from the Utica Insane Asylum, containing a peep- 
 hole through which the keeper could observe the actions of the 
 patient without exposing himself to bodily injury. 
 
 The adjoining room forcibly told the story of the wonderful 
 progress made in the treatment of these unfortunates. There 
 was every evidence of effort to make it as attractive as possible. 
 It approached in comfort one of our most modern hospital rooms. 
 There was no sign of restraint save that of a modern canvas 
 strait-jacket, which was placed in an inconspicuous corner. 
 In wall cabinets on the outside of the walls of these rooms 
 were many pictures of New York's model institutions of this 
 kind as well as statistics bearing upon the care of the insane 
 and the per capita cost of their maintenance. 
 
 The exhibit of the State Board of Charities consisted of wall 
 cabinets containing photographs, administrative blanks and 
 printed matter. The section devoted to the care of destitute 
 adults contained photographs 0/ the various almshouses in the 
 State and statistics as to their cost, present value, capacity, 
 
LEWIS A.ND CLARK EXPOSITION 67 
 
 et cetera. In the department for the care of juvenile de- 
 linquents, in addition to the features just mentioned, were also 
 models of work done by the inmates, a feature of which was a 
 handsomely carved seat which was made by the boys of the House 
 of Eefuge at Eandall's Island. The section devoted to the care 
 of needy families in their homes included a comprehensive ex- 
 hibit made by the Charity Organization Society of New York. 
 
 The State Department of Labor exhibited a set of graphic 
 charts showing the wonderful commercial development and su- 
 premacy of the Empire State. These charts not only compared 
 New York's position with that of other states of the Union, but 
 also with many of the more progressive foreign countries of the 
 world. Pour monographs were written by experts upon the fol- 
 lowing subjects : " Typical Employers' Welfare Institutions in 
 New York," " Labor Legislation in New York," " Work of the 
 Department of Labor " and " Growth of Industry in New York." 
 These monographs were distributed free of charge and were in 
 great demand by those who were studying sociological problems. 
 
 The exhibit of the State Department of Health consisted of 
 photographs of the State Department offices, the Anti-toxin 
 Laboratory, sewage disposal plants, etc.; also administrative 
 blanks and pamphlets bearing upon the enforcement of the 
 health laws of the State. 
 
 Forest, Pish and Game 
 
 The forest, fish and game exhibit was also a source of wonder 
 to the people of the West, who were invariably incredulous when 
 informed that a quarter of the State was wild land, and that 
 many thousand deer have been taken from the Adirondacks dur- 
 ing a single open season. 
 
68 yEW YORK AT THE 
 
 At the west entrance of the State building stood on either 
 side of the doorway a huge grizzly and a handsome buck. An 
 aged visitor as he passed the grizzly was heard to exclaim, " They 
 would not have us believe they have them things in New York, 
 would they?" While humorous to a New Yorker, the remark 
 forcibly summed up the attitude of mind of a large number of 
 people in the West upon this subject. 
 
 Covering the walls of the exhibit hall was a handsome collec- 
 tion of the birds of the State, many of them very rare, and some 
 few extinct at this time. There was also a group of mounted 
 flsh taken from the waters of the State. It was the only exhibit 
 of the kind shown at the Exposition and a source of unending 
 interest to the sportsman. 
 
 Another feature was an exhibit of the woods of the State which 
 was prepared some time ago at considerable expense. It showed 
 a photograph, taken in the summer and also in the winter, of each 
 tree, a specimen of the bark, also the leaves, and likewise tangen- 
 tial, radial and tranverse sections cut so thin as to be translucent, 
 thus displaying very clearly the nature of the fibre. 
 
 The walls of the reception room and the dining room were 
 hung with pictures of some of the most attractive forest scenes 
 in the State, including views taken in the Adirondacks, the 
 Catskills and the Thousand Islands. 
 
 Science. 
 
 In the scientific exhibit were shown in jars several specimens 
 of the mineral resources of the State, particular attention being 
 given to salt, cement and other commercial products. 
 
LEWIS ATfD CLARK EXPOSITION gg 
 
 HOBTICULTURH 
 
 The distance from home precluded the possibility of making 
 any exhibit of fresh fruits, which is to be regretted, as the fruits 
 which most nearly approach those of New York in flavor are 
 those which are raised in the State of Oregon. 
 
 The only exhibit made in the department of horticulture was 
 that made by the Urbana Wine Company, which showed an 
 attractive cabinet of Gold Seal champagne. 
 
 The entire State exhibit in education and social economy A^as 
 turned over to the Commissioner of Education at the conclusion 
 of the Pair, by whom it has been installed in the fourth floor. 
 Senate corridor, of the Capitol at Albany, to form the nucleus 
 of a permanent pedagogical museum. The forest, fish and game 
 exhibit was returned to the Forest, Fish and Game Commission 
 by whom it was prepared. 
 

 H 
 
 6 
 
 n 
 
 o 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 Social Events 
 
SOCIAL EVENTS 
 
 r[7R0M the opening day of the Fair, the New York State building 
 * became the social centre of the Exposition. Believing that 
 such action would meet with the approval of the people of our State 
 and would be exploitation of the best kind, the State Commis- 
 sion offered its use to the Exposition authorities for any official 
 functions they desired to hold there, provided always such use 
 did not interfere with any plans made by the New York Com- 
 mission for the entertainment of her prominent citizens or other 
 distinguished guests. Inasmuch as no place had been provided 
 for this purpose by the Exposition directors, the offer of the 
 Commission was accepted, and the State was brought into addi- 
 tional prominence and received many compliments from those 
 who were entertained within the walls of its building as the 
 guests of the Exposition Company. Moreover, the use of the 
 building was frequently requested by commissioners from 
 sister states, government officials and others during the 
 season, so that there was never a week throughout the entire 
 Exposition period but some function of importance was held. 
 
 Below will be found a brief list of the functions held at the 
 building. 
 
 June 1st, Opening day. — ^Vice-President Fairbanks, the con- 
 gressional delegation, the directors of the Exposition and dis- 
 tinguished guests were escorted to the New York building by a 
 large detachment of infantry, cavalry, artillery and civic bodies 
 at 10 :30 a. m. After a brief rest, the entire party walked across 
 the lawn to the grand stand for the opening day exercises. At 
 
74 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 their conclusion they returned to the New York building where 
 a luncheon was served by the Exposition management to about 
 300. At 7 o'clock a dinner was given by the Exposition manage- 
 ment in honor of Vice-President Fairbanks and the congressional 
 delegation, which was followed by a reception in the New York 
 building and the pavilion annex. The prominent guests included 
 Vice-President and Mrs. Fairbanks, Speaker Cannon, the Gov- 
 ernors of Oregon, Washington, California and Idaho, several 
 United States Senators and Members of Congress. Commission- 
 ers Luce and Brown were present. Special fireworks were viewed 
 from the verandas of the State building. 
 
 Tuesday, June 6th. — A luncheon was given by President Goode 
 to the members of the Transcontinental Passenger Association. 
 About 60 guests were present. President Goode was toast- 
 master and toasts were responded to by Mr. James Charlton, 
 president of the Association; A. M. Cleland, general passenger 
 agent of the Northern Pacific R. K. ; C. E. Stone, general pas- 
 senger agent of the Great Northern Railroad; C. S. Fee, of the 
 Southern Pacific ; W. D. Wheelwright, president of the Portland 
 Chamber of Commerce, and others. 
 
 Friday, June 9th. — Dinner given by the New York Commis- 
 sion in honor of the President of the Exposition and Mrs. Goode. 
 Covers were laid for 70. Music was furnished by the Admin- 
 istration orchestra, assisted by soloists from Innes' band. The 
 floral decorations were American Beauty roses and ferns, many 
 fairy electric lights being used. Commissioner Pratt A. Brown 
 presided, remarks being made by President Goode, Hon. George 
 H. Williams, Mayor of Portland, Hon. Theodore B. Wilcox and 
 others. Commissioner Altman was also present. • 
 
 Monday, June 12th. — An evening reception was given by Presi- 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 75 
 
 dent Goode in honor of the California Promotion Committee. 
 About 300 guests were present. Refreshments were served and 
 the Administration orchestra provided the music for dancing. 
 Commissioner Brown was present. 
 
 Tuesday, June 13th. — A dinner was given at 7 p. m. by the 
 New York Commission to the Yale men of Portland. Commis- 
 sioner Pratt A. Brown presided. About 30 guests were pres- 
 ent. The table decorations were bachelor buttons and violets. 
 
 Wednesday, June IJftTi. — Luncheon at 1 o'clock by the New 
 York Commission in honor of Mrs. Oskar Huber, wife of the 
 Director of Works of the Exposition. Covers were laid for 
 20 ladies and the guests were received in behalf of the Com- 
 mission by Mrs. Pratt A. Brown, Miss Marjorie Luce and Mrs. 
 W. W. Brown. 
 
 Informal dance at 9 p. m. by the New York Commission in 
 honor of Miss Marjorie Luce, daughter of Commissioner Clarence 
 Luce. About 40 guests were present, who were received by 
 Mrs. W. W. Brown and Miss Luce. Music was furnished by the 
 Administration orchestra and light refreshments were served. 
 
 Thursday, June 15th. — Luncheon at 1 o'clock given by the 
 Oregon State Commission in connection with the ceremonies in- 
 cidental to the dedication of the Oregon State building. The 
 guests included the Oregon State Commission and representatives 
 ffom various states. Commissioner Brown was present. 
 
 Friday, June 16th. — The active state commissioners, executive 
 officers and foreign representatives met at the New York build- 
 ing at 4 p. M. for the purpose of forming an executive commis- 
 sioners association. A temporary organization was effected at 
 this meeting. 
 
 Monday, June 19th. — A dinner was given by ths New York 
 
76 A'-BTT YORK AT THE 
 
 Commission at 7 p. m. in honor of Ion Lewis, Director of Archi- 
 tecture of the Exposition. Commissioner Pratt A. Brown pre- 
 sided. Remarks were made by Mr. Lewis, Hon. Theodore B. 
 Wilcox and Mr. C. E. S. Wood. 
 
 Friday, June 23d. — A luncheon was given by the President of 
 the Exposition at 1 o'clock to the Irrigation Commission ap- 
 pointed by Congress which was travelling through the West 
 investigating irrigation problems. Covers were laid for 40. 
 At the conclusion of the luncheon the entire party was taken 
 in launches to Government peninsula to inspect the government's 
 irrigation exhibit. 
 
 Tuesday, June 27th. — Luncheon given by the New York Com- 
 mission at 1 o'clock to ladies of Portland. Covers were laid 
 for 20. The guests were received in behalf of the Commis- 
 sion by Mrs. DeLancey M. Ellis. The table decorations were 
 white sweet peas and cosmos. 
 
 A luncheon was given by President Goode at 1 o'clock in 
 honor of Frederick Innes, the leader of Innes' band, which wa« 
 about to close its engagement at the Exposition. 
 
 Reception by President Goode from 9 to 11 in honor of the 
 National Editorial Association. Eight hundred invitations were 
 issued, and editors were present from all parts of the Union, 
 especially large delegations being present from the eastern 
 states. The guests were received by President and Mrs. Goode, 
 Mr. and Mrs. L. Allen Lewis, Hon. and Mrs. George W. McBride, 
 Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Hardee, Mr. and Mrs. D. M. Ellis. De- 
 Caprio's orchestra stationed in the gallery of the rotunda fur- 
 nished music. Light refreshments were served throughout the 
 reception. 
 
 Saturday, July 1st. — An informal dance and children's party 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 77 
 
 was given by President Goode from 7 :30 to 10 p, m. in honor of 
 the birthday of his daughter. Many young people were present. 
 The Administration orchestra furnished music for the dancing. 
 Light refreshments were served, and fireworks were viewed from 
 the verandas of the building. 
 
 Sunday, July 2d. — A dinner at 7 p. m. given by the Italian 
 consul, the commissioner from Italy to the Fair, and Italian resi- 
 dents of Portland in honor of the officers of the Italian cruiser 
 " Umbria," then in port. The distinguished guests included 
 Governor Chamberlain, President Goode and others. 
 
 Tuesday, July 4th. — Several informal dinners were given in 
 the State building. Kabbi Emil G. Hirsch of Chicago was ten- 
 dered a dinner by friends of Portland, covers being laid for 30. 
 
 Miss Mary Isom gave a dinner in honor of 20 visiting 
 librarians attending the session of the American Library Asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 President Goode gave a small dinner at which were present 
 Commissioner and Mrs. Williams and Mr. and Mrs. D. M. Ellis 
 of the New York Commission. 
 
 Wednesday, July 5th.— A small luncheon was given by Com- 
 missioner and Mrs. Harry D. Williams in honor of Congressman 
 and Mrs. Herbert A. Parsons of New York City. 
 
 A reception was given at 9 p. m by the New York Commission 
 in honor of the various state commissioners and government 
 oflScials. Four hundred invitations were issued. The guests 
 were received by Commissioner and Mrs. Harry D. Williams 
 who were assisted by President and Mrs. Goode. Music was 
 furnished by DeCaprio's orchestra for dancing, and light refresh- 
 ments were served during the evening. 
 
 Friday, July 7th. — Reception at 9 p. m. by the New York Com- 
 
78 JVBW YORK AT THE 
 
 mission in honor of the New York State Society of Oregon. The 
 guests, who included a large number who had left New York 
 to seek their fortunes in the West many years before, were re- 
 ceived in behalf of the Commission by Commissioners and Mrs. 
 Harry D. Williams and Hon. George H. Williams, President of 
 the New York State Society of Oregon. ( See page 117 for account 
 in full.) 
 
 Wednesday, July 12th. — A dinner was given by President 
 Goode in honor of Governor Myron T. Herrick of Ohio, and Gov- 
 ernor B. B. Brooks of Wyoming. Besides the guests of honor, 
 there were present Governor Pardee of California, the poet of 
 the Sierras, Joaquin Miller, and other prominent personages. 
 Covers were laid for 50. 
 
 Saturday, July 15th. — Through the courtesy of the Exposition 
 management a concert was given from 4 :30 p. m. to 6 p. m. at 
 the New York building by the Indian band from the government 
 school at Riverside, California. 
 
 Monday, July 17th. — A luncheon was tendered by President 
 Goode to Governor E. Y. Sarles of North Dakota. The guests 
 included Dr. and Mrs. S. B. Ward of the New York Commission. 
 
 Dinner at 8 p. m. by the North Dakota Commission in honor 
 of Governor Sarles and party. Dr. and Mrs. S. B. Ward were 
 among the invited guests. 
 
 Thursday, July 27th. — Breakfast at 12 o'clock by Mrs. Samuel 
 B. Ward to several Portland ladies. The table decorations were 
 roses. 
 
 Saturday, July 29th. — Dinner at 8:30 p. m. by the New York 
 Commission in honor of the Governor of Oregon and Mrs. Cham- 
 berlain. Covers were laid for 22 guests. The decorations con- 
 sisted of a profusion of palms and white flowers, pink shaded 
 
LEWIS AND CLARE EXPOSITION 79 
 
 candelabra being used with good effect. The guests were received 
 by Dr. and Mrs. Samuel B. Ward. 
 
 Monday, August 7th. — Dinner at 7 o'clock by President Goode 
 in honor of Hon. Edward H. Harriman and party. At the con- 
 clusion of the dinner, launches were taken for a ride on Guild's 
 lake. 
 
 Saturday, August 12th. — Dinner at 7 o'clock by the President 
 of the Exposition in honor of Hon. John Barrett, United States 
 Minister to Colombia. Covers were laid for 25. 
 
 Thursday, August nth. — Luncheon at 1 o'clock by President 
 Goode in honor of Hon. Alfred Bayliss, personal repre- 
 sentative of the Governor of Illinois. Covers were laid for 40. 
 The guests included Dr. and Mrs. S. B. Ward and Commissioner 
 and Mrs. Charles E. Huntley. 
 
 Friday, August 18th. — Dinner at 7:30 by the New York Com- 
 mission in honor of Lieutenant-Governor and Mrs. M. Linn Bruce. 
 (See page 86 for full account.) 
 
 Saturday, August 19th, New York State Day. (See page 95 
 for full account.) 
 
 Sunday, August 20th. — Dinner at 7 p. m. by the New York Com- 
 mission in honor of the New York oflacial delegation. Commis- 
 sioner Huntley presided in behalf of the Commission. Covers 
 were laid for 30. In addition to Commissioner and Mrs. 
 Huntley, were present Dr. and Mrs. S. B. Ward and Commis- 
 sioner Henry Altman. 
 
 Monday, August 21st. — Luncheon at 1 o'clock by President 
 Goode in honor of Governor Mickey of Nebraska. Covers were 
 laid for 30. The guests included Dr. and Mrs. S. B. Ward 
 and Mrs. D. M. Ellis. 
 
 Dinner at" 7 p. m. by Nebraska Commission in honor of Gov- 
 
80 NEW YORK AT TBE 
 
 ernor Mickey. The guests included the official party of the Gov- 
 ernor. Covers were laid for 15. 
 
 Tuesday, August 22d. — Dinner at 7 p. m. by President Goode 
 in honor of Governor McDonald of Colorado. Covers were laid 
 for 35. The guests included Commissioner Henry Altman. 
 
 Thursday, August 2Jfth. — Dinner at 7 p. m. by President Goode 
 in honor of Governor Cutler of Utah. At the conclusion of the 
 dinner the guests took launches to witness the sham battle upon 
 the lake. 
 
 Saturday, August 26th. — Dinner at 7 p. m. by President Goode 
 in honor of Governor Pardee of California. Covers were laid 
 for 60. 
 
 Wednesday, September 6th. — Reception at 9 p. m. by President 
 Goode to the California Legislative Committee. Special fireworks 
 were witnessed from the verandas of the State building and light 
 refreshments were served. 
 
 Thursday, September 1th. — Informal dance given by Captain 
 Ralph Ingram and officers of the Tenth Infantry, U. S. A. Music 
 was furnished by the Tenth Infantry band. 
 
 Friday, September 8th. — Dinner at 7 p. m. by President Goode 
 in honor of Governor Gooding of Idaho. 
 
 Tuesday, September 12th. — ^Reception at 9 p. m. tendered by 
 President Goode to visiting electrical engineers. Light refresh- 
 ments were served. 
 
 Wednesday, September 13th. — Dinner at 7 p. m. given by Presi- 
 dent Goode in honor of Governor Joseph W. Folk of Missouri. 
 Covers were laid for 90. 
 
 Monday, September 18th. — Luncheon at 1 o'clock by President 
 and Mrs. Goode in honor of officials of the Louisiana Purchase 
 Exposition. 
 
De LANCEY M. ELLIS 
 EXECUTIVE OFPIOEH^ NEW YOEK STATE COMMISSION 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 81 
 
 Wednesday, September 27th. — Dinner at 7 p. m. given by Presi- 
 dent Goode in honor of Governor Mead of Washington. Covers 
 were laid for 60. 
 
 Tuesday, October 10th. — Dinner at 7 p. m. by the New York 
 Commission in honor of the ladies of the Sacajawea Statue Asso- 
 ciation. Commissioner Henry Altman presided. Covers were 
 laid for 45. 
 
 Thursday, October 12th. — Dinner at 7 o'clock given by the New 
 York Commission to the members of their staif. Commissioner 
 Altman presided. Covers were laid for 14. 
 
 Saturday, October IJfth. — Dinner at 7 o'clock by the Board of 
 Directors of the Exposition in honor of President Goode. 
 
 Dinner by Mrs. Goode to a party of friends, Commissioner Alt- 
 man by invitation acting as toastmaster. Later in the evening 
 the parties joined and proceeded to the band stand where the 
 closing exercises were held. 
 
 In, addition to the above, a number of unofficial functions were 
 held, no mention of which can be made in this report, but each 
 of which furnished additional testimony of the popularity of 
 the New York building. 
 6 
 
CHAPTER VI 
 
 New York State Day 
 
NEW YORK STATE DAY 
 
 SATURDAY, August 19th, was set aside by the Exposition au- 
 thorities as New York Day. It was hoped that the Governor, 
 Hon. Frank W. Higgins, would find it possible to be present upon 
 that occasion, but a pressure of oflScial duties coupled with 
 impaired health made it impossible for him to attend, much to 
 the regret of the (Jommission and to the people of the coast, to 
 whom he is well known. No more satisfactory substitute could 
 have been chosen than Hon. M. Linn Bruce, the Lieutenant- 
 Governor, who, with Mrs. Bruce, arrived in Portland on the 
 morning of Friday, August 18th. They were accompanied by 
 Hon. Frank E. Perley, Secretary to the Governor and Mrs. Per- 
 ley, Hon. Cuthbert W. Pound, the Governor's legal adviser, and 
 Mrs. Pound. 
 
 Upon arrival they were driven at once to the New York State - 
 building where rooms had been reserved for them during their 
 sojourn at the Exposition. On the afternoon of the same day, 
 the legislative delegation reached Portland, -and were driven im- 
 mediately to the American Inn upon the Fair -grounds, where 
 ample accommodations were placed at their disposal. The dele- 
 gation included Hon. S. Fred Nixon, Speaker of the Assembly, 
 Hon. James T. Rogers, Republican Leader in the Assembly and 
 Chairman of the AVays and Means Committee, Hon. George M. 
 Palmer, Democratic Leader in the Assembly, Hon. James G. 
 Graham, Deputy Attorney-General, and Colonel F. G. Ward, 
 
86 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 Superintendent of Public Works of tiie city of Buffalo. There 
 were also present as the guests of the Commission, Congressman 
 and Mrs. William S. Bennett, of New York City. 
 
 A large force of men from the Exposition Department of Works 
 had lavishly decorated the State building both inside and out. 
 American and Exposition flags were festooned at each window 
 and hung in graceful folds upon the walls of the reception room 
 and dining room. These were supplemented with ropes of Oregon 
 grape and evergreens which were twined about the pillars and 
 so festooned in the rotunda from the balcony as to convert it 
 into a veritable arbor of green. The entire expense of decora- 
 tion was borne by the Exposition Company, which, as well as. 
 in many other ways, demonstrated its appreciation of the par- 
 ticipation of the Empire State in the Exposition. 
 
 The first function in connection with the observance of New 
 York State Day was the State dinner given by the Commission 
 in honor of Lieutenant-Governor and Mrs. Bruce on Friday 
 evening, August 18th. Covers were laid for 70, the dinner being 
 held in the large dining room. The table was in the shape of 
 a letter C, the seats of the guests of honor being so placed as 
 to make the magnificent illuminations about the grounds plainly 
 visible. A stringed orchestra stationed in the rotunda furnished 
 music for the occasion. 
 
 Dr. Samuel B. Ward, Vice-President of the Commission, pre- 
 sided, and escorted Mrs. Bruce, who was seated upon his left, 
 the Lieutenant-Governor being seated upon his right. At the 
 conclusion of the menu, informal toasts were responded to by 
 several of the distinguished guests present. Brief excerpts 
 follow : 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 87 
 
 Hon. M. Linn Bruce, Lieutenant-Governor: 
 
 "President Ward, I wish to express to you, sir, the grateful 
 appreciation of Mrs. Bruce and myself for this delightful cour- 
 tesy, and I wish also, sir, on behalf of the Governor and the 
 people of the State of New York to congratulate you and your 
 colleagues for the energy and enthusiasm with which you have 
 executed the commission placed in your hands by Governor Odell. 
 I also appreciate that it is because of the delightful generosity 
 of President Goode and the other members of the Exposition 
 Company that New York has been permitted to occupy such 
 a prominent place in this gem of an Exposition * * * 
 
 "No man can traverse this continent, no man can visit this coast 
 without being a better American. There can be no little Amer- 
 icans here. Every man who has had the delightful opportunity 
 of viewing the boundless expanse of our common country must 
 be impressed with its wonderful proportions, and, my friends, 
 that is the overwhelming sentiment that consumes me as a trav- 
 eler making his first visit to the coast. I am impressed with 
 the power and potentiality of the United States of America. I 
 am impressed with the high mission which Providence in His 
 wisdom has called upon us to execute. I am impressed with 
 the great responsibility placed upon us of planting upon this 
 continent free institutions and bringing people all over the world 
 into closer relations through the administration of peace and 
 great blessings of civil and righteous liberty. I am much gratified 
 indeed to be here to-night in this grand State of Oregon, which 
 is the model State of the great Northwest, an empire in itself, 
 in which there has been brought forth in the few years of its 
 existence a civilization which is the wonderment not only of our 
 country, but also the civilized world." 
 
88 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 Former Governor David E. Francis, of Missouri, President of the 
 Louisiana Purchase Exposition: 
 
 " I am very glad of this opportunity to express on behalf of 
 the people of the Mididlewest, at least, their appreciation and 
 their obligation for the very helpful aid rendered them in their 
 undertakings by the people of the State of New York. The 
 Empire State of the Union responded to the appeals of St. Louis 
 and the Middlewest last year, when the people of the Louisiana 
 Territory celebrated an international and universal exposition in 
 commemoration of a great event in the world's history, and we 
 are coming to the Pacific slope in this year, 1905, to visit this 
 marvelous exposition, and we find the people of the Empire State 
 have responded cheerfully and very helpfully to the appeals you 
 have made to them. So that, whether these celebrations of 
 national events may be held in the heart of our country or on 
 the western border, the Empire State is always participating, 
 and wherever she is, there is the head of the table. 
 
 " I am sure, therefore, that the people of the Lewis and Clark 
 Exposition will heartily agree with the management of the 
 Louisiana Purchase Exposition when we say that the participa- 
 tion of the Empire State in these middle and extreme western 
 celebrations serves but to cement still closer the people of the 
 Pacific coast as Avell as the people of the Mississippi valley 
 with the people of the Atlantic coast. * * * 
 
 "I do not know what better intermediary the people of New York 
 can use to shake hands with the people of the coast than the people 
 of Missouri, and we who are on the banks of the father of waters, 
 extending one hand to our brothers on the eastern border and 
 the Empire State and another hand to the Pacific slope, not only 
 feel that fraternal regard for the Atlantic and Pacific coasts with 
 
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LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 89 
 
 which nature imbues us, but Ave can, I trust, draw into still 
 closer communion with the people of the Atlantic coast and the 
 people of the Pacific slope. May this Exposition, participated in 
 as it is by states of the Atlantic, the states of the Mississippi 
 valley and the states of the Pacific slope, serve but to make us 
 better acquainted each with the other, serve to strengthen our 
 fraternal regard and above all things serve to deepen our 
 patriotism." 
 
 President Goode: 
 
 " No state that has participated in this Exposition has ren- 
 dered greater assistance than the State of New York. Its par- 
 ticipation has been delightful, and its representatives have enter- 
 tained us royally. We have tried to return the courtesy by 
 entertaining them as far as we could. To-day we have an addi- 
 tional honor in the presence of Governor Bruce and his party. 
 I wish to thank him for the trouble he has taken to come here 
 to see our Exposition and to take part at the exercises on 
 New York Day, to be held to-morrow. I extend to you, sir, a 
 very hearty welcome." 
 
 Hon. James T. Rogers, Republican Leader in the Assembly: 
 
 " I marvel to think what a great country we live in. How 
 wonderful are its resources and how strangely Ave have been 
 brought together ! Until we had made the trip across the conti- 
 nent, little did I realize the distance which separated us, little 
 did I realize the length and breadth of our country. A 
 few short days ago, the territory between the oceans divided 
 us, and yet we are here to-night fraternizing as if we had known 
 each other for a life time, and regretting that we have not. 
 
90 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 " ' Politics in the East ' I think was the topic assigned me. 
 Traveling as we have been for the last five days under another 
 flag, listening as we have been with courteous interest 
 to the discussions of political affairs by the loyal sub- 
 jects of the King, we have been somewhat reminded of 
 the fact that our political differences are after all trifling dif- 
 ferences. While they may be In many respects much ado about 
 nothing, after all the one tendency in which we may all rejoice 
 is that out of it all there is an uplifting and there is a broaden- 
 ing of the intelligence and of the reasoning powers and of the 
 integrity of our citizenship which bodes only good for the days 
 that are to come. * * * Politics in the East is learning the 
 lesson from the West, the North and the South that what is 
 good for one is good for all, and what injures the least, likewise 
 injures to sotoe extent the greatest. So, actuated by a common 
 impulse, we are tending constantly to those better days when we 
 shall realize that the best that we can give for our country or 
 our State is the best that we can give for our family, our homes 
 and ourselves, for we are learning there as elsewhere that 
 
 ' Life is the Empire of King and slave 
 
 It is just what you are and do; 
 Then give to the world the best you have 
 
 And the best will come back to you.' " 
 
 Hon. S. Fred Nixon, Speaker of the Assembly : 
 
 " The Empire State has always had a true and generous appre- 
 ciation of the responsibilities devolving upon it. We have always 
 believed that the Empire State should contribute to an exposi- 
 tion which is the exponent of the development of the entire united 
 country. New York State appreciates her position. She appre- 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION qi 
 
 elates the fact that her power is dependent upon the glory, and 
 upon the development of this nation, and that an exposition 
 like this helps to develop the industries of the nation. While 
 she may be the financial centre of this continent, she is dependent 
 for her commerce and for her supremacy upon what she may 
 be offered from the extreme West and Middlewest. * * * 
 
 " We ask not for the development which simply means local im- 
 provement, we ask not for the development which simply means 
 the advancement of the East, but New York as the commercial 
 and financial center of the United States is in sympathy with 
 those who need our help, now as she needed the help of others in 
 years gone by. * * * 
 
 " We believe it to be the duty of every citizen, whether in office 
 or out, to perform his obligations in a way which will make for 
 the uplifting of the municipality or the civil division in which 
 he resides. 
 
 " There is only one position for all of us to occupy and that 
 is for us to perform whatever duty may be incumbent upon us 
 just as well as we may know how to do, and while the millennium 
 may not arrive within our day and time, it will be much nearer 
 
 this generation than it has been in the preceding generations. 
 
 « » ^ 
 
 " New York desires to be the Empire State in all things, as 
 she is the Empire State in wealth and population, and you 
 will find her in the future as in the past always willing to 
 respond in any way that may make for the uplifting, for the 
 benefit, for the advancement of her sister states, and especially 
 for anything that may make for the advancement and uplifting 
 of mankind in general." 
 
92 A'ifW YORK AT THU 
 
 Hon. Charles W. Fulton, U. S. Senator from Oregon : 
 
 " I have been very much delighted during this year of our 
 Exposition to meet the gentlemen from the East and to see the 
 interest that they have taken in the development of the West, and 
 none of them, I think, have exhibited a more lively interest than 
 have our friends from the Empire State of New York. They have 
 come here and have erected a splendid building and they have 
 turned it over to us and allowed us to assemble here and they 
 have extended the warmest hospitality to us, and we begin to 
 feel after association with our friends from New York that after 
 all there is not very much difference between the East and the 
 West. 
 
 " The encouraging thing about the politics of this country is 
 that the people are getting closer together all the time. The 
 subjects which interest the people of the East are the subjects 
 which interest the people of the West. The high ideals which 
 inspire the East are tlie same ideals which inspire the West. 
 There is one common leader in tliis country of ours to-day whom 
 all men recognize from every State in the Union. He happens 
 to be a citizen and resident of the State of New York, but he 
 is the exponent of the thought and the inspirations and the 
 ambitions of all the people of all the states in the advancement 
 and the upbuilding of the institutions of this country, and this 
 man is Theodore Koosevelt." 
 
 Hon. A. E. Mead, Governor of Washington: 
 
 " I appreciate what Senator Pulton has said concerning the 
 most distinguished citizen of New York, and he is a most dis- 
 tinguished citizen. I have an interest in the State of New York, 
 because my mother and father were born and reared in that 
 
LEWIS Al^D CLARK EXPOSITION 93 
 
 State. They moved west in the 50's. I have been moving along 
 with them since. It is a source of great pleasure to me to meet 
 you in this banquet hall, and to know something of you. I 
 trust during your visit upon the Pacific coast you will visit 
 the State of Washington, that you will know something of the 
 hospitality and the enterprise of its people, representing the 
 youngest state of those that are represented here." 
 
 Hon. George H. Williams, Former Mayor of Portland : 
 
 " I have had the pleasure heretofore of meeting in this building 
 several distinguished representatives of the State of New York, 
 and T have the honor as well as the pleasure this evening of 
 meeting distinguished representatives of that State, the State of 
 my nativity. Wherever a man may be or how much he may be 
 attached to the land of his adoption, there will always linger 
 in his memory a fond recollection of the place where he was 
 born, and the scenes and associations of his early life. Our 
 foreign population, and especially our Grerman fellow-citizens 
 refer to the country from which they emigrated as the Father- 
 land— a word full of rich significance because it speaks of father, 
 mother, relatives and friends, and of all those tender ties which 
 inspired the poet to sing ' Home, Sweet Home, Be it ever so 
 humble. There's no place like Home.' When I left my father's 
 house, I came to the then distant territory of Iowa, and after 
 some years there, I came to the more distant territory of Oregon, 
 but in every removal I have dragged a lengthening chain from 
 my humble home in the State Of New York, one end of which 
 is in that home and the other end is now in this building bearing 
 the name of my native State. 
 
 " I have been acquainted or have known many of the dis- 
 
94 TfEW YORK AT THE 
 
 tinguished men of the State of New York, including such men 
 as William H. Seward, William L. Marcy, General Van Buren, 
 Horatio Seymour and many others I might name. New York has 
 had four citizens in the ofSce of President of the United States, 
 and I have had the honor of a personal acquaintance with all 
 of them. * » * 
 
 "New York is justly entitled to be called the Empire State. 
 Empirical in its territory, empirical- in its population, em- 
 pirical in its wealth, it is the most powerful state in the 
 Union, and such is its power that it has come to be almost 
 a settled fact that in a presidential election, as goes the State 
 of New York, so goes the Union. New York has no particular 
 interest in this Exposition ; certainly it will not add to her 
 population, and very little if anything to her trade and commerce, 
 but nevertheless she has made in a broad and liberal spirit an 
 appropriation for this Exposition, and this beautiful building 
 is evidence of that liberality on her part, and she has been repre- 
 sented here by the presence of her commissioners and has other- 
 wise evinced a deep interest in the success of this Exposition. 
 New York has many sous and daughters scattered in the State of 
 Oregon, and their humble attachment to the land in which they 
 were born and the land in which they live brings about a state 
 of union and fraternal feeling between these two different states, 
 and it is a union of hearts as well as of hands. Portland and 
 this Exposition feel highly honored by the presence here of these 
 distinguished gentlemen this evening, and I hope they will find 
 their visit here not only a pleasant but a profitable one, and 
 that they will find in this country such inducements that many 
 of them, after they return home, will find it advisable to come 
 back here, live with us, and be our citizens. We want men 
 
LEWIS A^'D CLARK EXPOSITION 
 
 95 
 
 from the State of New York and all the other portions of the 
 East to come to Oregon and be a part of our population and 
 help us to build up and promote the interests of this State. 
 " We welcome you, and value the honor of your presence." 
 
 The program for New York State Day was as follows : 
 
 Formal exercises of the day at eleven o'clock in the State build- 
 ing, Dr. Samuel B. Ward presiding. 
 
 Music 
 
 Invocation; Rev. J. E. H. Simpson 
 
 Address of greeting; Governor George E. Chamberlain, of 
 Oregon 
 
 Response; Lieutenant-Governor M. Linn Bruce, of New York 
 
 Address of greeting on behalf of the Exposition Company; 
 Hon. Henry W. Goode, President 
 
 Response; Hon. S. Fred Nixon, Speaker of the New York State 
 Assembly 
 
 Evening; nine to eleven o'clock; reception and ball given by 
 the New York State Commission in honor of Lieutenant-Governor 
 and Mrs. M. Linn Bruce 
 
 The distance from home precluded the possibility of the pres- 
 ence of a larger delegation of representative citizens of the State 
 of New York or of any of the State militia, which quite generally 
 marked the observance of the days allotted to states located near 
 the scene of the Exposition. The weather was most propitious, 
 the sun shone bright, and the atmosphere was most invigorating. 
 The exercises at the State building were attended by Lieutenant- 
 Governor and Mrs. Bruce and his immediate party, the legisla- 
 tive delegation, members of the State Commission, a number of 
 representatives of the Exposition Company, commissioners of the 
 various states, and a large number of Portland's representative 
 
96 ifEW YORK AT THE 
 
 citizens. The Administration band under Signor DeCaprio was 
 in attendance and gave a brief concert before the opening of 
 the exercises. 
 
 Dr. Ward called the assemblage to order promptly at the 
 appointed hour, and called upon Rev. J. E. H. Simpson to invoke 
 the divine blessing. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Simpson : 
 
 "Most gracious God, we humbly beseech Thee to bless this 
 assemblage, bless and prosper all their undertakings to the ad- 
 vancement of Thy glory. We would ask that Thy blessing rest 
 upon the President of the United States, the Governor of New 
 York and the Governor of Oregon, their oflBcers and those in 
 authority, that they maj' administer their duties to the advance 
 ment of Thy glory, the good of Thy church, the safety, honor 
 and welfare of Thy people. We are gathered here to-day to 
 celebrate the participation of the great Empire State in this 
 Exposition, and we beseech Thee to honor and bless those repre- 
 sentatives of New York who have come this great distance to 
 take part. We praise Thee that we have been enabled to carry 
 this Exposition to such a great success. Guide and direct us 
 through life to the end that Thy holy name may be glorified, 
 and by Thy mercy we may obtain everlasting blessing. Amen." 
 
 Dr. Ward then delivered the following address : 
 
 " In opening the exercises of the morning, I have been asked 
 to say a few words on behalf of the New York State Commission. 
 We have all felt amply rewarded by the cordial reception by the 
 people of Oregon and the people of the great West. Much of the 
 credit that may come to this Commission is due to our architect, 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 97 
 
 Mr. Clarence Luce, who has given us this beautiful building at 
 reasonable cost, and who at the opening and during the few days 
 following did more to organize the work of our Commission than 
 all the rest, and we all feel that we can not say too much in 
 praise of his efforts and we all feel that they have been very suc- 
 cessful. 
 
 " I have been asked a number of times how it was that New 
 York State was willing to come this great distance to participate 
 in this Exposition. You all know it is about half way to the 
 western limits of the United States, for Portland, Oregon, is just 
 a trifle nearer to Portland, Maine, than it is to the western 
 boundary of this country. And I have been asked why it was 
 that New York was willing to spend this money to come to an 
 exposition such a great distance from home. We have no author- 
 ity to speak for the Executive, who will be much better spoken 
 for, nor the legislative branch of the government, but as a plain, 
 humble citizen of the State of New York, I may perhaps say 
 that our point of view is that New York has two reasons in 
 particular for taking part in this Exposition. In the first place, 
 when Oregon comes to New York and says that we feel an 
 exposition in Portland would help the State of Oregon and would 
 help the whole Northwest, New York says, God bless you, what 
 can we do to help your cause ? While New York may not expect 
 to get any great pecuniary reward from taking part in this Expo- 
 sition, yet on the other hand New York is fully alive to the fact 
 that whatever helps the State of Oregon, whatever helps the 
 great Northwest, helps the whole country. We are always will- 
 ing to give anything we can to advance the common welfare. 
 I suppose if New York State is esteemed for anything in the 
 nation, it is for its appreciation of the value of education, for 
 
98 yew YORK AT THE 
 
 its educational institutions, for its public schools, its high schools, 
 its normal schools and State Normal College. I think it will 
 be admitted by all that it ranks first in the Union in education. 
 Now, education does not consist of what a college boy may learn 
 from text books alone. That is really the smallest part of it. 
 What he gets from the books helps him very little in the struggle 
 with the world. Getting into contact with other men — his college 
 professors, the upperclassmen, rubbing against others — those are 
 the things which prepare him to battle successfully with the 
 great problems of life. That is the kind of thing that helps a 
 man to become a leader of men. Beading about a geyser is 
 nothing compared to seeing one; reading about the Rockies is 
 nothing compared to traveling through them and reading about 
 Alaska is nothing compared to seeing that wonderful country. 
 We all understand that the education of the man depends quite 
 as much upon travel and coming into contact with other men, 
 and this is another reason why New York is willing to take part 
 in this Exposition, because it offers the people of New York an 
 opportunity and a desire to learn what they can never learn from 
 books. 
 
 " The next in order on the program is an address of welcome 
 by Hon. George E. Chamberlain, Governor of Oregon." 
 
 Governor Chamberlain addressed the assemblage as follows : 
 
 " Mr. President, Ladies and' Gentlemen. — On behalf of the 
 people of this commonwealth, I extend to all of you a most 
 cordial greeting. I can not express to you in words how much 
 the people of Oregon appreciate the kindly interest and influ- 
 ence which New York and her representatives have exerted at 
 this Exposition. Not only have they exerted a magnificent and 
 
LtlWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 99 
 
 powerful influence with the people of the great East, but they 
 have stimulated our own people to more energetic eflEorts and 
 to a greater interest in an exposition' conceived in the first in- 
 stance for the development of the West, but in general for the 
 development of the whole country ; because what helps the West, 
 helps New York and helps all other states in the Union ^as well. 
 
 " The New York Commission has been most generous in its 
 courtesies to the people of Oregon and to the Exposition man- 
 agement. All of them — both the gentlemen, and the ladies of 
 the Commission who have honored us with their presence — have 
 done all in their power to assist in making this Exposition suc- 
 cessful. 
 
 " I heard a distinguished gentleman say the other day that 
 the people of New York were not acquainted with the West. I 
 might have said there was one notable exception in the person 
 of the President of the United States. He said he was surprised 
 to find so much of refinement, so much culture in the West, and 
 that the people of New York would be equally as surprised as 
 he was himself. I might be permitted to say that if he knew 
 the western people as well as I do, he would not feel any sur- 
 prise at that condition, for I might have told him that every part 
 of the East and South has sent the hardy pioneer and teacher 
 to this section of the country. New York has contributed from 
 her large ranks, teachers and exponents of the law, and the other 
 states in the East and South have freely contributed from the 
 professions and other walks of life, and all of them are the best 
 and most pronounced type of American civilization, and the 
 best blood of all of this early civilization flows in the veins of 
 the people of this Pacific coast. Therefore, there ought not to 
 be any surprise that those who are here represent the best ele- 
 
100 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 ment of the United States of America, and therefore we have cul- 
 ture, we have refinement, and everything in the West that goes 
 to make up the best citizenship of the United States. 
 
 " Now, ladies and gentlemen, we trust that these ceremonies 
 may be pleasant. We are somewhat disappointed by the absence 
 of His Excellency, the Governor, but he is well represented in the 
 person of the Lieutenant-Governor and representatives of the 
 executive and legislative departments as well, and we congratu- 
 late them and extend to them a most cordial welcome to our 
 shores. We sincerely trust that your stay may be pleasant and 
 that when you return to the East you may be able to give as 
 kindly a word of the Northwest and^ western coast as the Presi- 
 dent has always given us upon his return to the magnificent 
 Empire State. We welcome you, and hope that your stay may 
 be most pleasant and profitable as well." 
 
 Dr. Ward : " In the absence of Governor Higgins, the kind salu- 
 tation of Governor Chamberlain will be responded to by Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor Bruce." 
 
 Lieutenant-Governor Bruce spoke as follows: 
 
 " Dr. Ward, Governor Chamberlain, President Goode : I thank 
 you, Governor Chamberlain, on behalf of the people of New York 
 for these warm words of welcome, and I bring you, sir, from the 
 Governor and the people of New York hearty greetings and con- 
 gratulations. We of New York rejoice with you of Oregon in the 
 marvelous success of this Exposition, due in no small measure to 
 the liberal and progressive policies of your administration and 
 in a very large measure to the energy and enthusiasm of the Expo- 
 sition Commission under the wise and eflScient management of 
 President Goode. 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 101 
 
 " When this Exposition was first projected it received a hearty 
 response from the people of our State. It seemed to us wise and 
 fitting that the splendid achievement of Captain Lewis and 
 Captain Clark should be thus commemorated; an achievement 
 unsurpassed in the annals of all that has been accomplished in 
 exploration upon this or any other continent, and which did more 
 for civilization and more for free institutions than any other 
 similar expedition in the history of mankind. It is indeed well 
 that the youth of our land and all future generations should 
 learn that those that laid the foundations of the government, 
 those who made possible the states out of which this Union has 
 been constructed, are not forgotten. 
 
 " The people of New York thank you for the part which you 
 have permitted them to have in this Exposition. We are proud 
 of the work of our Commission under the administration of Presi- 
 dent Ward, proud of the position which it has been accorded 
 here, proud of the welcome which our people have received and 
 proud of this home which has been provided by the generosity 
 of the State of New York. 
 
 " The result of the Lewis and Clark expedition constituted 
 our claim which was finally substantiated to this great Empire 
 of the Northwest. Whatever rights we may have succeeded to, 
 based upon the Spanish claim, were vague and visionary, but 
 we had a substantial, valid title to this territory by right of 
 discovery and settlement which resulted from the expedition of 
 Captain Lewis and Captain Clark, and this is the only territory 
 over which that flag floats that we have acquired by such rights. 
 
 "But this expedition accomplished something more. There 
 was not only the expedition itself, the vigor and the marvelous 
 heroism with which it was carried on, not only the splendid 
 
102 TffEW YORK AT THE 
 
 results of discovering so large a ten-itory, but the published 
 records of the expedition informed public opinion and aroused 
 the government of the United States to the untold value and the 
 unmeasured resources of this vast territory, and led the govern- 
 ment and people to insist upon our claims founded upon this 
 achievement, which resulted in extending the limits of the Nation 
 until they touched the Pacific. 
 
 "And, my friends, this Exposition serves a similar purpose, 
 which has already been referred to by President Ward and also 
 by Governor Chamberlain. It commemorates not only what 
 Captain Lewis and Captain Clark and their gallant followers 
 did, but it commemorates also all that came after them — this 
 miracle of development, the wonder of history, these great and 
 powerful states which have been built here and which are indeed 
 the strong right arm of the Republic. It is in commemoration 
 of all this that this grand Exposition is held. What the work 
 of Lewis and Clark did for the people of that time this Exposi- 
 tion is doing for the people of our time who are coming across 
 the continent in numbers limited only by the means of transpor- 
 tation, viewing this grand country and thus acquiring some 
 adequate conception of the immensity of the United States. 
 Bacon said that ' travel maketh a broad man,' and he who has 
 not crossed the continent has a very feeble conception of the 
 possibilities of this country of ours. 
 
 " The fact which impresses one upon such a journey more than 
 any other is the similarity of our people; wherever we see them, 
 whether in Massachusetts or in Oregon, in New York or in Cali- 
 fornia, in Wyoming or in Maine, they are the same people, with 
 common purposes, common interests, common ideals, common 
 love of liberty, common love of Constitution and Flag. Eighty 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 103 
 
 millions of freemen with a like purpoge, sympathy, emotion and 
 ambition. 
 
 "On this anniversary occasion our minds go back to those 
 who lie sleeping on the plains, to those who rest on the hillsides, 
 the grand men who bore the heat and burden of those early days, 
 the men who laid the foundations, builded these states and 
 handed them down to us to enjoy and preserve. Yes, these grand 
 institutions are ours to enjoy and ours to preserve and ours to 
 transmit unimpaired to the generations following. 
 
 " I see gathered here many who first saw the light in the State 
 of New York. We are proud of New York, but we would not 
 boast. We are proud that the people of New York spend forty- 
 one millions of dollars annually upon education, endeavoring to 
 rear, as you are here, sons and daughters who shall come after 
 us worthy to maintain these dearly bought liberties. And to you 
 from New York who left the old State years ago, let me say 
 that the sun is just as bright, the fields are just as fair, the 
 streams are just as clear, the people are just as generous, hearty 
 and progressive as when you left the old home, and when you 
 go back to the old homestead you will find, perhaps not the old 
 friends, but the same warm, generous people whom you left 
 years ago. We are proud of the part you have played in the 
 conquest of the continent, and in what you have done here on 
 the shores of the Pacific. There is not a state in the Union ih 
 whose development some son of New York has not played a noble 
 and unselfish part. We are proud of you and we are glad to 
 welcome you here to-day. 
 
 " These ceremonies are to be brief, but you will permit me to 
 say that in very truth there is no East and no West, no North and 
 no South, only one common, united country. No matter in what 
 
104 IS/EW YORK AT THE 
 
 state we live we are Americans all. There are questions which 
 seem to be sectional. You have been considering the question 
 of irrigation. The people of New York are just as much inter- 
 ested in the question of irrigation as those who dwell on the 
 great plains between the Rockies and Cascades. We are aware 
 of the importance and benefit of making these deserts blossom 
 like the rose and grow like the Garden of Eden. It is certainly 
 a beneficent government that takes the waters from these moun- 
 tains and blesses the thirsty soil, causing it ' to bring forth and 
 bud that it may give seed to the sower and bread to the eater.' 
 
 " New York with its immense wealth and population bears a 
 large percentage of the cost and expense of the National govern- 
 ment, but you have never seen a line in any New York paper — 
 you have never heard a word from New York that was not in 
 favor of a generous policy for the development of the West. It 
 is by no means a local question. We of the East are interested 
 because whatever helps one section of the country helps all. One 
 more car of wheat or of corn grown anywhere in the United 
 States benefits New York as well as every other part of the 
 country. 
 
 " You have been considering questions of Asiatic immigration. 
 New York is the centre of commerce, and commerce depends not 
 only upon ships and harvests and factories but upon markets. 
 And the greatest unexploited market of the world is the Orient. 
 New York stands for the wise policy of her favorite son, Theodore 
 Roosevelt, for the integrity of the Chinese Empire and for the 
 open door, for an equal chance for every nation and every man 
 in that great and wonderful market. It is not a local queistion, 
 but a national question to be settled upon the broad lines of a 
 comprehensive national policy. And we of New York are just 
 
NEW YORK STATE BUILDING, ROTUNDA 
 
LEWIS AT^D CLARK EXPOSITION 105 
 
 as intensely alive and deeply interested in this question as you 
 of the Pacific slope. 
 
 "You have no small Americans in the West; there may per- 
 haps be some in the East, but if they would only make one trip 
 across the country they would certainly become greater 
 Americans. 
 
 " In the providence of God we have recently been called to 
 assume obligations which we had not foreseen nor anticipated. 
 We have been called by Him to take a seat in the council chamber 
 of the powers of the world. We have taken that seat and we 
 intend to keep it. We have taken our place as one of the first 
 powers of the earth by right of achievement, and we will not 
 shrink from any of its responsibilities. We desire through the 
 instrumentalities of peace to promote the highest good of man- 
 kind. We shall insist upon a diplomacy which means between 
 nations the same openmindedness and the same fair play that 
 should exist between man and man. 
 
 " I am an optimist of optimists. I believe that we have here 
 on this continent the greatest type of citizenship that the world 
 has ever seen. I believe that a century hence — upon the two 
 hundredth anniversary of the Lewis and Clark expedition — 
 you will find in these United States over two hundred millions 
 of people. They will not differ from the people who are here 
 to-day. There will be the same flag, same constitution, same 
 love of liberty. I believe God in His Providence has still greater 
 things in store for these United States, and I pray that we may 
 be used of Him to bring to all the nations of the world the 
 blessings of peace, of justice and of liberty. 
 
 " On behalf of His Excellency, the Governor of the State of 
 New York, I thank you for your presence here to-day." 
 
106 ^'EW YORK AT THE 
 
 A selection was then played by the orchestra, after which 
 Hon. H. W. Goode, President of the Exposition, was introduced 
 by Dr. Ward, and said: 
 
 " Governor Bruce, President Ward, Ladies and Gentlemen : We 
 have been looking forward to New York Day and the presence of 
 the representatives of the State of New York. It therefore gives 
 me great pleasure to say a word of greeting on New York Day. 
 I doubt, however, if I shall be able to adequately express the 
 exact feelings which the management of this Exposition cherish 
 toward the State of New York, its Governor and its State Com- 
 mission. If any of you have ever been connected as I know a 
 few of you at least have with a world's fair or a national expo- 
 sition, you will appreciate what it means to be patted upon the 
 back in the early stages of the project. The word has gone forth 
 that you are going to hold a national exposition. Y'^ou must 
 produce results. You must certainly persuade the states of the 
 nation to participate. Now, I confess it was with some mis- 
 givings that we sent a commissioner to the State of New York, 
 although we knew that New York had been represented at every 
 national exposition that has been held in the United States. 
 Yet we were holding ours right after the largest fair that the 
 world has ever seen. The State of New York in connection with 
 the other eastern states had spent very large amounts of money 
 at that Exposition, and we felt that it might be difficult to make 
 them see their way clear to appropriate any considerable amount 
 for us. Much to our surprise and gratification, however, our com- 
 missioner was received with open arms. It took no work whatever. 
 The State of New York said, 'Why, certainly we will come, we will 
 be glad to do it,' and immediately made a liberal appropriation and 
 promised a further appropriation later, which has since been made. 
 
LEWIS AND OLARK EXPOSITION 107 
 
 "We understand and thoroughly appreciate that New York 
 has nothing to gain directly by its participation at this Exposi- 
 tion. You have come here merely to show good will and your 
 sincere desire to help the best interests of the Pacific Northwest. 
 New York has no agricultural or horticultural or timber products • 
 to show in competition with the exhibits at this fair from the 
 states of the West, but she has made a very attractive exhibit of 
 educational affairs in the State of New York. She has erected 
 a very beautiful building, and has practically turned it over to 
 the Exposition management. 
 
 " Mr. Luce, who came to us first, said, ' We want you to use 
 the New York building whenever you desire.' And whenever we 
 have wished to hold a function the building has been practically 
 closed to the public so that we might be free to use it as we saw 
 fit. The exhibits have also been closed. I am afraid we have 
 taken at times too much advantage of that generosity, but I can 
 only say this, that in addition to its liberal participation at the 
 fair the State of New York has saved the Exposition manage- 
 ment a very large amount of money by its kindness. Now, we 
 have an additional honor to-day in the presence of the Lieutenant- 
 Governor of the State and a number of legislators of New York. 
 They have come here especially for the purpose of celebrating 
 this day and doing honor to the State of New York at this Expo- 
 sition. It gives me the greatest pleasure to again extend them 
 a most cordial welcome. 
 
 " In conclusion, Governor Bruce, I wish to compliment and 
 congratulate you upon the work that your commission has done 
 at this Exposition. They have made themselves very dear to the 
 hearts of the Exposition management, to the State of Oregon and 
 the people of the entire Northwest. I thank you." 
 
108 VEW YORK AT THE 
 
 Dr. Ward, in introducing Speaker Nixon, said: 
 
 " Last, but by no means least, we are to hear from the distin- 
 guished Speaker of the Assembly of the State of New York, a 
 man who has held that position longer than any other person 
 ever did, and has kept it because he deserved it. Permit me to 
 introduce the Honorable S. Fred Nixon, Speaker of the Assembly 
 of the State of New York." 
 
 Mr. Nixon spoke as follows : 
 
 " Dr. Ward, President Goode and Friends : Since we arrived in 
 Portland, which was only fifteen or eighteen hours ago, public 
 opinion has demonstrated to us that there is one man more 
 prominent than any other in connection with this Exposition 
 who has made ' good ' upon this occasion. We are gratified to 
 have the pleasure and to have the opportunity of meeting with 
 our friends of the great West upon an occasion like this. 
 
 " Before it passes from my mind I want to express the appre- 
 ciation of the legislative delegation here from the Empire State 
 of the work which has been so well done by the New York State 
 Commission. It is for us to stand between the people and the 
 purse-strings, and if there is administration of finances that does 
 not meet with public approval, the protestations, criticisms and 
 demands for explanations come upon those who are in touch 
 with the State treasury. But I wish to say it has never been my 
 pleasure during the years I have been connected with the State 
 government to observe where an appropriation was expended 
 more economically and with better results than that allowed the 
 New York State Commission, as shown in the building of this 
 building and in the courtesies which they have been able to extend 
 to their friends in the great West. 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 109 
 
 " I wish to say, President Goode, when your representative 
 came to New York he found us in the same spirit in which we 
 have always been towards expositions of this kind. New York 
 is an educational State, and we are glad to bring here, if nothing 
 else, our exhibit of that work which in the history of the Empire 
 State has made greater impress than anything else that the 
 Empire State has ever done. We are proud of the educational 
 system of our State, and whichever party has been in power, the 
 one party or the other has always endeavored to maintain the 
 standard that we think — or perhaps are conceited enough to 
 think — is the highest standard in the United States, and that 
 means in the whole world. We gave to this commonwealth and 
 to all the commonwealths which comprise this united country 
 their common school systems. It is the common school system 
 which has been spread throughout the civilized world. 
 
 "There is an obligation upon the part of New York to make 
 good upon occasions like this. We appreciate the prestige of 
 what New York does and her influence upon her sister states. We 
 appreciate the fact that the people of all these commonwealths 
 look upon New York as tlie great financial centre of this country, 
 as she is, and while the demands made upon her are in propor- 
 tion to her ability to meet them, at the same time you will always 
 find the State of New York ready to do her duty as she sees it. 
 
 "An opportunity is given to many to become more familiar 
 with the extent of the 'United States. Of the party who came 
 here from the Legislature, none of us had ever before crossed 
 the Rockies, none of us had ever before appreciated the distances 
 and extent of this western country. Our idea of going from here 
 to San Francisco was similar to that of the foreigner who came 
 to Boston and wrote back to his friends that he would stay in 
 
110 NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 Boston over night, go to the fair at Chicago in the morning and 
 return to Boston at night. We had an idea when we came here 
 that we would take a little outing and run down to San Francisco 
 in three or four hours, but we find our geography incorrect. It 
 did not occur to us that the coast line extending from Maine to 
 Florida is the coast line of but three states upon the Pacific 
 slope. 
 
 " I am gratified, and I know that I express the sentiments of 
 the gentlemen of the Legislature who have accompanied me upon 
 this trip, that we have been accorded the privilege of meeting 
 our friends in Oregon. New York has been glad of the oppor- 
 tunity of serving you and aiding in this Exposition, and in so 
 doing possibly we have not acted from an unselfish standpoint. 
 New York appreciates the fact that her sons and daughters are 
 to be found in all of the states of the great Northwest. We 
 appreciate the fact that to New York is due greater credit 
 possibly than that which is due to the two gentlemen who were 
 sent here by President Jefferson, and from whom this Exposi- 
 tion acquires its name. Much more is due to those hardy 
 pioneers, those missionaries who crossed the Rockies back, I 
 believe, in the 30's and sowed the seed of civilization upon 
 thei Pacific coast. They came here actuaited by a desire to develop 
 and settle this locality. They came here without expectation of 
 reward, and they were the ones, I believe, who madte it possible 
 for this dominion to be obtained without conquest; they were 
 the ones, I believe, who sent to Washington their representatives 
 and pictured to the administration, which at that time was not 
 especially friendly to the development of the Northwest, what a 
 great country this was, what its possibilities were, its wealth in 
 mineral and timber, and it was due to their efforts that the 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 111 
 
 United States a few years later obtained control of this territory 
 within the confines of which many states now exist. It seems 
 to me more credit is due to them than is given them. Those 
 missionaries came from the Empire State. New York is sending 
 out missionaries every day. We want to keep the same position 
 from an educational and from a Christianizing standpoint that 
 we have kept in years gone by. New York you will always find 
 is willing to push the development of civilization. New York as 
 a State stands with her sons and with her daughters with an 
 open pocketbook to advance those things which make for the 
 elevation of mankind in general. 
 
 " It has been a pleasure to us, President Goode, to contribute 
 in our small way to the success of this Exposition, and I want 
 to say to our friends of the West and Northwest, no matter what 
 the time may be, if you want anything of the Empire State, no 
 matter who is in power, whether my friend Eogers representing 
 one particular party, or my friend Palmer representing another, 
 you will always find the latchstring of the Empire State door 
 hanging out. If there is anything we can do to help build up 
 this country which we all love so much. New York State will 
 always be ready to do her share. 
 
 " I desire on behalf of the legislative delegation to express 
 our appreciation. President Goode, for the pleasant things you 
 have arranged for us during our visit. We will be here during 
 the next three or four days, and I want to say we will carry 
 home impressions of the West such as never could be gained 
 except by a trip over the Rockies. We can say to our friends in 
 the East that our sons and daughters who have crossed the con- 
 tinent and have found their homes in these western states are 
 well located, and we can say to those boys who are a little 
 
111! NEW YORK AT THE 
 
 younger than we are and whose ideas are not so firmly bound 
 as ours are that if they desire to venture away from the home 
 State and inquire where there is great opportunity in business 
 or profession, to follow the example of Lewis and Clark and 
 cross the Rockies and come to this beautiful country of yours. 
 
 " I desire to express my most cordial appreciation for the cour- 
 tesies which have been extended to us, and I want to say to you 
 that, while this delegation may not be as demonstrative as some 
 others, they are none the less appreciative." 
 
 At the conclusion of the Speaker's address the band played 
 the national anthem, the audience standing. This ended the 
 formal exercises of the day. 
 
 Immediately afterward Lieutenant-Governor Bruce held an 
 informal reception, pleasantly greeting several hundred people 
 who pressed forward to grasp his hand. At the conclusion of 
 the reception the entire oflBcial party was photographed upon 
 the steps of the State building. Luncheon was served upon the 
 verandas of the building and the afternoon was devoted to sight- 
 seeing, the Lieutenant-Governor's party visiting the Government 
 building, where they were met by Mr. Geddes, the oflScial in 
 charge, who explained the exhibits to them. 
 
 At nine o'clock in the evening was held the reception and ball 
 in honor of Lieutenant-Governor and Mrs. Bruce. Both the 
 State building and the pavilion annex were used for this pur- 
 pose. Two thousand invitations had been issued for the function, 
 those invited including the President of the United States, his 
 Cabinet, members of the United States Supreme Court, officers 
 of the United States army and navy, the New York State mem- 
 bers of Congress, State oflficials and the members of the Legisla- 
 ture of the State of New York, Supreme Court Justices of the 
 
Ph" 
 
 o 
 
 K 
 C5 
 
 J 
 5 
 
 l-H 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 113 
 
 State of New York, Exposition oflScials, commissioners of states 
 represented at the Exposition, several hundred citizens of Port- 
 land and many prominent New Yorkers. 
 
 The function was the most elaborate and thoroughly enjoyable 
 of any held during the entire Exposition period, and throughout 
 the evening the building was thronged with those who assembled 
 to accept the hospitality of the Empire State. The pavilion annex 
 had been converted into a. perfect bower of green by the Depart- 
 ment of Works of the Exposition, the uprights and beams being 
 completely hidden by masses of foliage. A profusion of Ameri- 
 can flags lent color to the scene and hundreds of electric bulbs 
 encased in -Japanese lanterns furnished a subdued light which 
 was most effective. Parson's orchestra of 17 pieces was in 
 attendance and furnished music for dancing throughout the 
 evening. 
 
 The guests were received in behalf of the Commission by 
 Commissioner Charles R. Huntley, who presented each guest to 
 the Lieutenant-Governor and Mrs. Bruce. Others in the receiving 
 line were Mrs. Huntley, Dr. and Mrs. Samuel B. Ward, Commis- 
 sioner Henry Altman and Mrs. De Lancey M. Ellis. The guests 
 were presented to the receiving party by the Commission's execu- 
 tive officer, Mr. DeLancey M. Ellis. A squad from the Tenth 
 United States Infantry acted as guard of honor. A buffet supper 
 was served throughout the evening, the guests being seated at 
 small tables upon the verandas. It was long past the appointed 
 hour for the close of the reception when the last guest had 
 departed. 
 
 On Sunday evening the Commission gave an informal dinner 
 in honor of the legislative delegation, the guests, about 30 
 in number, being composed chiefly of the official party. Commis- 
 8 
 
114 NEW YORK AT THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 
 
 sioner Huntley presided in behalf of the Commission. On the 
 following evening, Monday, August 21st, the President of the 
 Exposition tendered a complimentary launch and garden f6te to 
 the Lieutenant-Governor and Mrs. Bruce and the New York 
 delegation. About 300 guests were bidden, who assembled at 
 the New York building at 8 o'clock. Launches were boarded 
 shortly afterwards and in a procession moved slowly about the 
 lake. The view of the grounds at night from the lake was one 
 long to be remembered, and was enchanting to those who upon 
 that occasion saw it for the first time. Each launch was gaily 
 decorated with Japanese lanterns and evergreens. During the 
 ride a concert was given by the Hawaiian band, assisted by 
 Monsieur and Madame Begue, soloists of note, who were at that 
 time filling an engagement at the Exposition, and who were 
 accompanied by the Exposition orchestra. At the conclusion of 
 the boat ride, the entire party adjourned to the grove in Cen- 
 tennial park, where tables had been spread among the trees. 
 During the serving of an appetizing supper a vaudeville per- 
 formance was given, greatly to the enjoyment of the guests 
 present. Japanese jugglers, the Hawaiian band and Italian 
 soloists kept the guests delightfully entertained until the wee 
 sma' hours. 
 
 This was the final function in connection with the New York 
 State Day festivities, which had been most successful in every 
 way, and which were marked throughout by the display of a most 
 cordial spirit! and feeling of good fellowship on the part of Expo- 
 sition officials and the State officials of Oregon. It is unneces- 
 sary to say that the feeling was heartily reciprocated by the 
 representatives of the Empire State. 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 
 Reception to New York State 
 Society of Oregon 
 
RECEPTION TO NEW YORK STATE SOCIETY 
 
 OF OREGON 
 
 ON Friday evening, July 7th, the New York State Society of 
 Oregon were the guests of the State Commission at a 
 reception and launch party. This society is composed of present 
 residents of Oregon who were either born in the State of New 
 York or had lived there for a period of five years consecutively 
 before they settled in the western country. The society meets once 
 each month for the purpose of social intercourse and keeping alive 
 the affection of its members for their native State. There were 
 members present from all walks of life. Some had but recently 
 moved to the western country, while one member had not seen 
 his native State since 1853 and had covered the entire distance 
 to the Oregon country on horseback. 
 
 The president of the society is Hon. George H. Williams, 
 former Mayor of Portland, a native of Lebanon, N. Y. 
 
 The guests were received in behalf of the Commission by 
 Commissioner and Mrs. Harry D. Williams, and were assisted 
 by President Williams of the society. Soon after arrival a 
 formal welcome was extended by Commissioner Williams in the 
 following words: 
 
 "Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen of the New York Society 
 of Oregon : It affords the New York Commission to this Exposi- 
 tion great pleasure to welcome you to the State's temporary 
 home on the Pacific coast. I think there will be no gathering 
 beneath this roof that will give so much pleasure and satisfaction 
 to both guest and host as this. Many of you left home when 
 
1.18 ^^EW YORK AT THE 
 
 the prairie schooner was the only ' sleeper ' which crossed the 
 trackless West, and most of you, I find, have been some years 
 in the land of the horizon, and yet all retain a strong affection 
 for the Empire State — and well you may, not only because it 
 is the place of your birth, and because many pleasant recollec- 
 tions arise as you find yourselves for a moment again on York 
 State ground, but because of the justly proud position which 
 the State occupies in the great sisterhood. Thousands of the 
 sons and daughters of New York have gone forth to stake their 
 claims in the West, and could the old State speak I know she 
 would voice her pride at their achievements. Distinguished men 
 of many states west of the Mississippi call New York 'home,' 
 and your honored President, once a member of President Grant's 
 Cabinet, and always a man foremost in the community in which 
 he lived, is no exception. 
 
 " We recognize the West's boundless acres of growing corn and 
 bending wheat, your vast stretches of grazing lands, your mighty 
 pines and your seemingly inexhaustible mines, but we do not 
 forget that the hills and valleys of York State still richly reward 
 the thrifty husbandman and that the comfort of his home and 
 environments are most gratifying. 
 
 " But the Empire State is here not only to make modest 
 exhibit of the products of its lands and factories, to show its 
 progress in educational matters and in the advanced treatment 
 of its unfortunate and dependent citizens, but to pay its respects 
 to the people of the Pacific slope and to do especial homage to 
 its sister, the State of Oregon, and to her energetic and public 
 spirited men and women who have made this beautiful and won- 
 derful Exposition possible and successful. 
 
 " I was expressly charged by Governor Higgins to welcome in 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 119 
 
 his name this society, and I take great pleasure in doing so. 
 Many of you have told me of the pride you have in this beau- 
 tiful building, and that it is more homelike to you than any 
 other building on the grounds. This is most gratifying and I 
 trust you will not fail to use the building freely." 
 
 President Williams responded as follows: 
 
 " I suppose it devolves upon me to say something, although 
 I was not aware that speaking would be in order on this occa- 
 sion. But I want to say that I have no doubt, and I presume 
 the members of the New York State Society here entertain no 
 doubt, that the welcome extended to us by the gentleman who 
 represents the Empire State as a commissioner is a hearty and 
 cordial welcome. And I believe it is characteristic of New York 
 people, when they do extend a welcome to others to make it 
 a very sincere and hearty one. And so far as I am concerned, 
 and I presume I represent the other members of the society, 
 we reciprocate this feeling, and we are exceedingly pleased and 
 gratified to be here this evening to meet people from the great 
 State of New York. Although I have been absent from that 
 State many years, and have lived in the West for over sixty 
 years, still I have a great feeling of attachment for the home 
 of my boyhood and for the people there. 
 
 " New York has a very conspicuous position here, notwithstand- 
 ing that her exhibits are less extensive than those of some of the 
 western states. She has an exhibit of men and women, and 
 New York can boast as fully and with as much pride as any 
 other State in the United States of the men and women she has 
 produced. And I might say I have been acquainted with a 
 great many men from the State of New York, and to-day New 
 
120 7>}EW YORK AT THE 
 
 York may feel proud that at the head of this nation, a native 
 son of the State of New York is administering the affairs of 
 this great country with satisfaction to the people of the country 
 and to the pride and honor of the American nation. We are to 
 have a Secretary of State who is a very distinguished son of the 
 State of New York. I have known a great many of the great 
 men of New York, but, I need not take time to refer to them 
 here, but all of her men who have figured conspicuously for the 
 last fifty years have been known to me and I have been known 
 to them, and New York has no reason to bow its head to any 
 State in the United States so far as the men and women of 
 that State are concerned. I think that New York has made a 
 creditable display here. She has put herself in a position here 
 of which she may justly be proud. 
 
 " I am glad that I have this opportunity to express my satis- 
 faction at meeting so many people from New York here this 
 evening, and I hope to have other opportunities to meet a large 
 number during the Fair. And I hope that after the Commissioner 
 has returned East, many more will come from the Empire State 
 to this Fair and learn what they may learn here about this great 
 northwestern country. No man can form any adequate notion of 
 the extent of the United States, of its resources and its capa- 
 bilities, unless he has traveled across the continent, and has come 
 from the East to the West. Then he can appreciate the great- 
 ness of our country and its wealth, and he can then realize the 
 justice of our claim that this northwestern country is a great, 
 rich, productive country, and above all our claim that it excels 
 any other part of the United States in scenery and climate, and 
 we are persuading ourselves that a great many of the people 
 who come here to see the Fair 'will be glad after they have 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 121 
 
 seen the country to come back and be citizens — permanent 
 citizens of the State. 
 
 " I think the people of Oregon may feel proud of this Exposi- 
 tion. I consider it highly creditable to those who have been con- 
 cerned in making it what it is, and I have no doubt that the 
 people of the United States will be perfectlj'- satisfied with what 
 they see, and that they will feel inclined to give to Oregon and to 
 those who have contributed to this Fair the credit and honor 
 which is due them from the excellence of this Exposition." 
 
 After the address of President Williams, launches were boarded 
 for a ride about the lake, after which the entire party returned 
 to the State building where light refreshments were served. The 
 occasion was voted by all a great success, and each guest ex- 
 pressed a pride in the structure which their native State had 
 erected and their appreciation both individually and collectively 
 of the fact that the State had participated in the Exposition. 
 
CHAPTER VIII 
 
 Financial Report 
 
FINANCIAL REPORT 
 
 $10,820 
 
 00 
 
 2,86T 96 
 
 808 
 
 03 
 
 850 
 
 00 
 
 620 
 
 00 
 
 1,423 
 
 50 
 
 677 
 
 30 
 
 2,906 
 
 11 
 
 931 
 
 46 
 
 452 
 
 50 
 
 Expenditures 
 
 The Eureka Co., contract on building 
 
 The Eureka Co., for extras on building 
 
 John Barrett Co., electroliers special design and 
 
 fixtures throughout the building 
 
 Lipp & Petersen, extra staff modeling 
 
 Lewis & Clark Exposition Co., contract for light- 
 ing building for season 
 
 Landscape gardening and floral embellishment. . 
 Clarence Luce, incidental expenses incurred as 
 
 architect of building 
 
 Tull & Gibbs, furniture for State building 
 
 Building equipment 
 
 Insurance on building and contents 
 
 Amounts paid individual commissioners for per- 
 sonal expenses attending meetings of Commis- 
 sion and attending Exposition at Portland, as 
 follows : 
 
 Dr. Samuel B. Ward $1,020 30 
 
 Clarence Luce 1,603 40 
 
 H. D. Williams 923 32 
 
 Pratt A. Brown 1,454 39 
 
 Henry Altman 1,101 45 
 
 Charles R. Huntley 1,053 35 
 
 7,156 21 
 
 H. D. Williams, Treasurer, miscellaneous ex- 
 penses, telegrams, postage, etc 92 12 
 
 Expenses of official delegation, including personal 
 representatives of the Governor and legislative 
 
126 NMW YORK AT THE 
 
 party, New York to Portland and return for 
 
 New York Day exercises |4,410 50 
 
 Bruno Pindat, for catering for the Commission in- 
 cluding State dinner to Lieutenant-Governor, 
 reception on New York State Day, dinner to 
 President of Exposition, dinner to the Governor 
 of Oregon, reception to the New York State 
 Society of Oregon, reception to state commis- 
 sioners and foreign representatives, dinner to 
 oflScers of Sacajawea Society, meals of six com- 
 missioners and ofiScial delegation while in Port- 
 land 6,796 85 
 
 Amounts paid to employees for salaries, etc., as 
 follows : 
 
 D. M. Ellis, executive offlcer |3,100 00 
 
 Seward H. French, clerk and 
 
 stenographer 875 00 
 
 Hugh J. Kelly, assistant 1,000 00 
 
 E. J. Haddleton, attendant 390 00 
 
 Prank W. Stewart, attendant.. 260 00 
 
 C. R. Hotchkiss, attendant 270 00 
 
 Albert Helmkamp, attendant . . . 160 00 
 
 T. P. Carney, attendant 248 00 
 
 Robert Mayes, page 80 00 
 
 Albert A. Hickman, bookkeeper. 250 00 
 
 Mrs. B. Pindat, housekeeper . . . 225 00 
 
 Mary Harms, maid 247 50 
 
 Lizzie Vogel, maid 247 50 
 
 Helen Noonan, maid 165 00 
 
 7,518 00 
 
 Traveling expenses of employees 1,322 17 
 
 D. M. Ellis, miscellaneous expenses for commis- 
 sion meetings 130 45 
 
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPOSITION 127 
 
 Labor and material, unpacking, installing, taking 
 
 down and repacking exhibit and storage |701 01 
 
 Brandow Printing Co., stationery, engraving, etc. 324 56 
 
 Printing and engraving at Portland 485 50 
 
 Decorations, music, etc., for official functions. . . . 1,162 27 
 
 Carriage hire 770 50 
 
 Janitor service 507 80 
 
 Freight, express and cartage 2,964 83 
 
 Postage, telegrams, telephone service 512 11 
 
 Supplies 848 54 
 
 Miscellaneous 868 14 
 
 Balance on hand 806 13 
 
 159,734 55 
 
 Credits 
 
 Appropriation chapter 729, Laws of 1904 
 
 Appropriation chapter 700, Laws of 1905 
 
 Amount received from Bruno Pindat for privilege 
 of conducting restaurant in State building. . . . 
 
 Amount received from Paul Wessinger for furni- 
 ture, chandeliers, awnings, screens and fixtures . 
 
 Amount received from Victor Coxhead for 
 museum jars 
 
 Amount received for sale of miscellaneous 
 effects 
 
 135,000 00 
 
 20,000 00 
 
 3,296 85 
 
 825 00 
 
 250 00 
 
 362 70 
 
 159,734 55