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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 924 088 003 51 e 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tliis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924088003516 
 
THE DIARY 
 
 SAMUEL PEPYS, M.A., F.R.S. 
 
 EDITED, WITH ADDITIONS 
 
 Henry B. Wheatley, F.S.A. 
 
Brampton Sdition 
 
 Two hundred and fifty (sjo) Copies only of this Edition 
 have been made for England and America, of which 
 
 This is Copy No. 140 
 
 LA-a'OC4AJk- y ^mZiXu^ 
 
y?, 
 
 The Diary 
 SAMUEL PEPYS 
 
 M.A., F.R.S. " 
 Clerk of the Acts and Secretary to the Admiralty 
 
 For the First Time Fully Transcribed from the 
 Shorthand Manuscript in the Pepysian Li- 
 brary, Magdalene College, Cambridge, 
 by the Rev. Mynors Bright, M. A. , 
 laie Fellow and President of 
 the College, with Lord 
 Braybrooke' s Notes 
 
 Edited with Additions 
 by 
 
 Henry B. W^ heat ley, F.S.J. 
 
 Vol. I, Part I 
 
 yanuary /, 1660 —June ^, 1660 
 
 New To r k 
 
 CR OS CUP & STERLING COMPANY 
 
 Pub lis hers 
 
Copyright, 1892 
 By Macmillan and Co. 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 Vol. I. Part I 
 Samuel Pepys: an etching by C. O. Murray, from the 
 
 PORTRAIT BY JOHN HAYLS IN THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT 
 Gallery Frontispiece 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Pepys's Memorlal Tablet erected, 1884, in St. Olave's 
 
 Church xlviii 
 
 Silver Goblet presented by Samuel Pepys, to the Cloth- 
 workers Company Ix 
 
 Interior of Pepys's Library i 
 
 Frances Stewart, Duchess of Richmond .... 50 
 
 View of the old Navy House in Crutched Friars . .124 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Although the Diary of Samuel Pepys has been in the 
 hands of the public for nearly seventy years, it has not 
 hitherto appeared in its entirety. In the original edition 
 of 1825 scarcely half of the manuscript was printed. Lord 
 Braybrooke added some passages as the various editions 
 were published, but in the preface to his last edition he 
 wrote : — " there appeared indeed no necessity to amplify 
 or in any way to alter the text of the Diary beyond the 
 correction of a few verbal errors and corrupt passages 
 hitherto overlooked." 
 
 The public knew nothing as to what was left unprinted, 
 and there was therefore a general feeling of gratification 
 when it was announced some eighteen years ago that a new 
 edition was to be published by the Rev. Mynors Bright, 
 with the addition of new matter equal to a third of the 
 whole. It was understood that at last the Diary was to 
 appear in its entirety, but there was a passage in Mr. 
 Bright' s preface which suggested a doubt respecting the 
 necessary completeness. He wrote : " It would have been 
 tedious to the reader if I had copied from the Diary the 
 account of his daily work at the office." 
 
 As a matter of fact, Mr. Bright left roughly speaking 
 about one-fifth of the whole Diary still unprinted, although 
 he transcribed the whole, and bequeathed his transcript to 
 Magdalene College. 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 It has now been decided that the whole of the Diary shall 
 be made public, with the exception of a few passages which 
 cannot possibly be printed. It may be thought by some 
 that these omissions are due to an unnecessary squeamish- 
 ness, but it is not really so, and readers are therefore asked 
 to have faith in the judgment of the editor. Where any 
 passages have been omitted marks of omission are added, 
 so that in all cases readers will know where anything has 
 been left out. ' 
 
 Lord Braybrooke made the remark in his " Life of Pepys," 
 that " the cipher employed by him greatly resembles that 
 known by the name of 'Rich's system. ' " When Mr. Bright 
 came to decipher the MS., he discovered that the shorthand 
 system used by Pepys was an earlier one than Rich's, viz., 
 that of Thomas Shelton, who made his system public in 
 1620.-'^ 
 
 In his various editions Lord Braybrooke gave a large 
 number of valuable notes, in the collection and arrange- 
 ment of which he was assisted by the late Mr. John Holmes 
 of the British Museum, and the late Mr. James Yeowell, 
 sometime sub-editor of "Notes and Queries." Where 
 these notes are left unaltered in the present edition the 
 letter " B." has been affixed to them, but in many instances 
 the notes have been altered and added to from later infor- 
 mation, and in these cases no mark is affixed. A large 
 number of additional notes are now supplied, but still much 
 has had to be left unexplained. Many persons are men- 
 tioned in the Diary who were little known in the outer 
 
 1 Shelton's work was frequently reprinted, and the edition of 1691 
 is in the Pepysian Library. The late Mr. John E. Bailey read a very 
 interesting paper on " The Cipher of Pepys's Diary," before the Man- 
 chester Literary Club, on December 14th, 1875, an abstract of which 
 has been printed. 
 
PREFACE. vii 
 
 world, and in some instances it has been impossible to iden- 
 tify them. In other cases, however, it has been possible 
 to throw light upon these persons by reference to different 
 portions of the Diary itself. I would here ask the kind 
 assistance of any reader who is able to illustrate passages 
 that have been left unnoted. I have received much assist- 
 ance from the various books in which the Diary is quoted. 
 Every writer on the period covered by the Diary has been 
 pleased to illustrate his subject by quotations from Pepys, 
 and from these books it has often been possible to find 
 information which helps to explain difficult passages in the 
 Diary. 
 
 Much illustrative matter of value was obtained by Lord 
 Braybrooke from the " Diurnall " of Thomas Rugge, which 
 is preserved in the British Museum (Add. MSS. io,ii6, 
 10,117). The following is the description of this interest- 
 ing work as given by Lord Braybrooke : — 
 
 "MERCURIUS FOLITICUS REDIVrVUS ; 
 
 or, A Collection of the most materiall occurrances and trans- 
 actions in Public Affairs since Anno Dni, 1659, untUl 
 
 28 March, 1672, 
 
 serving as an annuall diurnall for future satisfaction and 
 
 information. 
 
 By Thomas Rugge. 
 
 Est natura hominum novitatis avida. — Plinius. 
 
 "This MS. belonged, in 1693, to Thomas Grey, second Earl 
 of Stamford. It has his autograph at the commencement, and on 
 the sides are his arms (four quarterings) in gold. In 1819, it was 
 sold by auction in London, as part of the collection of Thomas 
 Lloyd, Esq. (No. 1465), and was then bought by Thomas 
 Thorpe, bookseller. Whilst Mr. Lloyd was the possessor, the 
 MS. was lent to Dr. Lingard, whose note of thanks to Mr. 
 Lloyd is preserved in the volume. From Thorpe it appears to 
 have passed to Mr. Heber, at the sale of whose MSS. in Feb. 
 1836, by Mr. Evans, of Pall Mall, it was purchased by the 
 British Museum for ;^8 8j. 
 
VUl PREFACE. 
 
 "Thomas Rugge was descended from an ancient Norfolk 
 family, and two of his ancestors are described as Aldermen of 
 Norwich. His death has been ascertained to have occurred 
 about 1672 ; and in the Diary for the preceding year he com- 
 plains that on account of his declining health, his entries wUl be 
 but few. Nothing has been traced of his personal circumstances 
 beyond the fact of his having lived for fourteen years in Covent 
 Garden, then a fashionable locality." 
 
 Another work I have found of the greatest value is the 
 late Mr. J. E. Doyle's "Official Baronage of England" 
 (1886), which contains a mass of valuable information not 
 easily to be obtained elsewhere. By reference to its pages 
 I have been enabled to correct several erroneous dates in 
 previous notes caused by a very natural confusion of years in 
 the case of the months of January, February, and March, 
 before it was finally fixed that the year should commence in 
 January instead of March. More confusion has probably 
 been introduced into history from this than from any other 
 cause of a like nature. The reference to two years, as in 
 the case of, say, Jan. 5, 1661-62, may appear clumsy, but 
 it is the only safe plan of notation. If one year only is 
 mentioned, the reader is never sure whether or not the cor- 
 rection has been made. It is a matter for sincere regret 
 that the popular support was withheld from Mr. Doyle's 
 important undertaking, so that the author's intention of 
 publishing further volumes, containing the Baronies not 
 dealt with in those already published, was frustrated. 
 
 My labours have been much lightened by the kind help 
 which I have received from those interested in the subject. 
 Lovers of Pepys are numerous, and I have found those I have 
 applied to ever willing to give me such information as they 
 possess. It is a singular pleasure, therefore, to have an 
 opportunity of expressing publicly my thanks to these gen- 
 tlemen, and among them I would especially mention Messrs. 
 
PREFACE. IX 
 
 Fennell, Danby P. Fry, J. Eliot Hodgkin, Henry Jackson, 
 J. K. Laughton, Julian Marshall, John Biddulph Martin, J. E. 
 Matthew, Philip Norman, Richard B. Prosser, and Hugh 
 Callendar, Fellow of Trinity College, who verified some of 
 the passages in the manuscript. To the Master and Fellows 
 of Magdalene College, also, I am especially indebted for 
 allowing me to consult the treasures of the Pepysian Library, 
 and more particularly my thanks are due to Mr. Arthur G. 
 Peskett, the Librarian. 
 
 H. B. W. 
 Brampton, Oppidans Road, London, N. W. 
 February, 1893. 
 
PREVIOUS EDITIONS OF THE DIARY. 
 
 1. Memoirs of Samuel Pepys, Esq., F.R.S., Secretary to the Admi- 
 ralty in the reigns of Charles II. and James II., comprising his Diary 
 from 1659 to 1669, deciphered by the Rev. John Smith, A.B., of St. 
 John's College, Cambridge, from the original Shorthand MS. in the 
 Pepysian Library, and a Selection from his Private Correspondence. 
 Edited by Richard; Lord Braybrooke. In two volumes. London, 
 Henry Colburn. . . . 1825. 4to. 
 
 2. Memoirs of Samuel Pepys, Esq., F.R.S. . . . Second edition. 
 In five volumes. London, Henry Colburn. . . . 1828. 8vo. 
 
 3. Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys, F.R.S., Secretary to 
 the Admiralty in the reigns of Charles II. and James II.; with a Life 
 and Notes by Richard, Lord Braybrooke -^^ the third edition, consider- 
 ably enlarged. London, Henry Colburn. \ . . 1848-49. 5 vols. sm. 
 8vo. 
 
 4. Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys, F.R.S. . . . The 
 fourth edition, revised and corrected. In four volumes. London, 
 published for Henry Colburn by his successors. Hurst and Blackett. 
 . . . 1854. 8vo. ^ 
 
 The copyright of Lord Braybrooke's edition was purchased 
 by the late Mr. Henry G. Bohn, who added the book to his 
 Historical Library. 
 
 5. Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys, Esq., F.R.S., from 
 his MS. Cypher in the Pepysian Library, with a Life and Notes by 
 Richard, Lord Braybrooke. Deciphered, with additional notes, by the 
 Rev. Mynors Bright, M.A. . . . London, Bickers and Son, 1875-79. 
 6 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Nos. I, 2 and 3 being out of copyright have been re- 
 printed by various publishers. 
 No. s is out of print. 
 
PARTICULARS OF THE LIFE OF 
 SAMUEL PEPYS. 
 
 The family of Pepys is one of considerable antiquity in 
 the east of England, and the Hon. Walter Courtenay Pepys ^ 
 says that the first mention of the name that he has been able 
 to find is in the Hundred Rolls (Edw. I., 1273), where 
 Richard Pepis and John Pepes are registered as holding 
 lands in the county of Cambridge. In the next century 
 the name of William Pepis is found in deeds relating to 
 lands in the parish of Cottenham, co. Cambridge, dated 
 1329 and 1340 respectively (Cole MSS., British Museum, 
 vol. i., p. 56; vol. xlii., p. 44). According to the Court 
 Roll of the manor of Pelhams, in the parish of Cottenham, 
 Thomas Pepys was " bayliffe of the Abbot of Crowland in 
 1434," but in spite of these references, as well as others to 
 persons of the same name at Braintree, Essex, Depedale, 
 Norfolk, &c., the first ancestor of the existing branches of 
 the family from whom Mr. Walter Pepys is able to trace an 
 undoubted descent, is " William Pepis the elder, of Cotten- 
 ham, CO. Cambridge," whose will is dated 20th March, 1519.^ 
 
 In 1852 a curious manuscript volume, bound in vellum, 
 and entitled " Liber Talboti Pepys de instrumentis ad Feoda 
 pertinentibus exemplificatis," was discovered in an old 
 chest in the parish church of Bolney, Sussex, by the vicar, 
 the Rev. John Dale, who delivered it to Henry Pepys, 
 Bishop of Worcester, and the book is still in the possession 
 of the family. This volume contains various genealogical 
 entries, and among them are references to the Thomas Pepys 
 
 ^ Mr. W. C. Pepys has paid great attention to the history of his 
 family, and in 1887 he published an interesting work entitled " Geneal- 
 ogy of the Pepys Family, 1273-1887," London, George Bell and Sons, 
 which contains the fullest pedigrees yet issued. 
 
 " "Genealogy," pp. 17, 18. 
 
 xi 
 
xii PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 of 1434 mentioned above, and to the later William Pepys. 
 The reference to the latter runs thus : — 
 
 " A Noate written out of an ould Boolce of my uncle William 
 Pepys." 
 
 "William Pepys, who died at Cottenham, 10 H. 8, was 
 brought up by the Abbat of Crowland, in Huntingdonshire, and 
 he was borne in Dunbar, in Scotland, a gentleman, whom the 
 said Abbat did make his BaylifFe of all his lands in Cambridge- 
 shire, and placed him in Cottenham, which William aforesaid 
 had three sonnes, Thomas, John, and William, to whom Margaret 
 was mother naturallie, all of whom left issue." 
 
 In illustration of this entry we may refer to the Diary of 
 June 12 th, 1667, where it is written that Roger Pepys told 
 Samuel that " we did certainly come out of Scotland with 
 the Abbot of Crowland." The references to various mem- 
 bers of the family settled in Cottenham and elsewhere, at 
 an early date already alluded to, seem to show that there is 
 little foundation for this very positive statement. 
 
 With regard to the standing of the family, Mr. Walter 
 Pepys writes : — 
 
 "The first of the name in 1273 were evidently but small copy- 
 holders. Within 150 years (1420) three or four of the name 
 had entered the priesthood, and others had become connected 
 with the monastery of Croyland as bailiffs, &c. In 250 years 
 (1520) there were certainly two families : one at Cottenham, co. 
 Cambridge, and another at Braintree, co. Essex, in comfortable 
 circumstances as yeomen farmers. Within fifty years more 
 (1563), one of the family, Thomas, of Southcreeke, co. Norfolk, 
 had entered the ranks of the gentry sufficiently to have his coat- 
 of-arms recognized by the Herald Cooke, who conducted the 
 Visitation of Norfolk in that year. From that date the majority 
 of the family have been in good circumstances, with perhaps more 
 than the average of its members taking up public positions." 1 
 
 There is a very general notion that Samuel Pepys was of 
 plebeian birth because his father followed the trade of a 
 tailor, and his own remark, "But I believe indeed our 
 family were never considerable," ^ has been brought forward 
 in corroboration of this view, but nothing can possibly be 
 more erroneous, and there can be no doubt that the Diarist 
 was really proud of his descent. This may be seen from 
 
 1 " Genealogy," p. 16. ^ February loth, 1661-62. 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xiii 
 
 the inscription on one of his book-plates, where he is stated 
 to be — 
 
 " Samuel Pepys of Brampton in Huntingdonshire, Esq., Sec- 
 retary of the Admiralty to his Ma'y King Charles the Second : 
 Descended from y= antient family of Pepys of Cottenham in 
 Cambridgeshire." 
 
 Many members of the family have greatly distinguished 
 themselves since the Diarist's day, and of them Mr. Foss 
 wrote ("Judges of England," vol. vi., p. 467): — 
 
 " In the family of Pepys is illustrated every gradation of legal 
 rank from Reader of an Inn of Court to Lord High Chancellor 
 of England." 
 
 The William Pepys of Cottenham who commences the 
 pedigree had three sons and three daughters; from the eldest 
 son (Thomas) descended the first Norfolk branch, from the 
 second son (John Pepys of Southcreeke) descended the 
 second Norfolk branch, and from the third son (William) 
 descended the Impington branch. The latter William had 
 four sons and two daughters; two of these sons were named 
 Thomas, and as they were both living at the same time one 
 was distinguished as "the black" and the other as "the 
 red." Thomas the red had four sons and four daughters. 
 John, bom 1601, was the third son, and he became the 
 father of Samuel the Diarist. Little is known of John Pepys, 
 but we learn when the Diary opens that he was settled in 
 London as a tailor. He does not appear to have been a 
 successful man, and his son on August 26th, 1661, found 
 that there was only ^^45 owing to him, and that he owed 
 about the same sum. He was a citizen of London in 1650, 
 when his son Samuel was admitted to Magdalene College, 
 but at an earlier period he appears to have had business 
 relations with Holland.^ 
 
 1 " We went through Horslydown, where I never was since a little 
 boy, that I went to enquire after my father, whom we did give over for 
 lost coming from Holland." — Diary, Jan. 24th, 1665-66. John Pepys 
 appears, from the State Papers, to have visited Holland as late as 1656. 
 
 " That passes be graunted to goe beyond y" seas to y° persons fol- 
 lowing, viz«, To John Pepys and his man, with necessaryes for Holland, 
 being on the desire of M' Sam" Pepys. 
 
 "Ordered by the Council, Thursday, 7'" August, 1656." 
 
xiv PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 In August, 1661, John Pepys retired to a small property 
 at Brampton (worth about ;£8o per annum), ^ which had been 
 left to him by his eldest brother, Robert Pepys, where he died 
 in 1680.^ His wife Margaret,^ whose maiden name has not 
 
 1 See Diary, June 17th, 1666. 
 
 2 The following is a copy of John Pepys's will : — 
 
 "My Father's Will. 
 [Indorsement by S. Pepys.] 
 
 "Memorandum. That I, John Pepys of Ellington, in the county 
 of Huntingdon, Gent", doe declare my mind in the disposal! of my 
 worldly goods as foUoweth : 
 
 " First, I desire that my lands and goods left mee by my brother, 
 Robert Pepys, deceased, bee delivered up to my eldest son, Samuell 
 Pepys, of London, Esq', according as is expressed in the last Will of 
 my brother Robert aforesaid. 
 
 " Secondly, As for what goods I have brought from London, or 
 procured since, and what moneys I shall leave behind me or due to 
 me, I desire may be disposed of as followeth : 
 
 " Imprimis, I give to the stock of the poore of the parish of Bramp- 
 ton, in which church I desire to be enterred, five pounds. 
 
 " Item. I give to the poore of Ellington forty shillings. 
 
 " Item. I desire that my two grandsons, Samuell and John Jackson, 
 have ten pounds a piece. 
 
 " Item. I desire that my daughter, Paulina Jackson, may have my 
 largest silver tankerd. 
 
 " Item. I desire that my son John Pepys may have my gold seale- 
 ring. 
 
 " Lastly. I desire that the remainder of what I shall leave be equally 
 distributed between my sons Samuel and John Pepys and my daughter 
 Paulina Jackson. 
 
 " All which I leave to the care of my eldest son Samuel Pepys, to 
 see performed, if he shall think fit. 
 
 " In witness hereunto I set my hand." 
 
 ^ Pepys tells us (Diary, Dec. 31st, 1664) that his father and mother 
 were married at Newington in Surrey, on October 15th, 1626, but 
 although the register of marriages of St. Mary, Newington, has been 
 searched, the certificate of the marriage has not been found, and the 
 maiden name of Mrs. John Pepys is still unknown. Mr. Osmund Airy 
 suggests, in the " Encyclopsedia Britannica," the possibility that her 
 maiden name may have been Perkins, and refers to an uncle and aunt 
 Perkins who lived in poverty in the Fens near Wisbeach. I believe, 
 however, that these Perkins were connections on the father's rather 
 than on the mother's side. Jane Pepys, youngest sister of Samuel's 
 father, married J. Perkin. The suggestion, nevertheless, is useful, as 
 it draws attention to the possibility of some of the cousins and aunts 
 to whom we can find no clue, having been relations on the mother's 
 side. 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xv 
 
 been discovered, died on the 25th March, 1667, also at 
 Brampton. The family of these two consisted of six sons 
 and five daughters: John (born 1632, died 1640), Samuel 
 (born 1633, died 1703), Thomas (born 1634, died 1664), 
 Jacob (born 1637, died young), Robert (born 1638, died 
 young), and John (born 1641, died 1677); Mary (born 
 1627), Paulina (born 1628), Esther (born 1630), Sarah 
 (born 163S; these four girls all died young), and Paulina 
 (born 1640, died 1680), who married John Jackson of 
 Brampton, and had two sons, Samuel and John. The latter 
 was made his heir by Samuel Pepys. 
 
 Samuel Pepys was born on the 23rd February, 1632-3, 
 but the place of birth is not known with certainty. Samuel 
 Knight, D.D., author of the "Life of Colet," who was a 
 connection of the family (having married Hannah Pepys, 
 daughter of Talbot Pepys of Impington), says positively 
 that it was at Brampton. His statement cannot be corrob- 
 orated by the registers of Brampton church, as these records 
 do not commence until the year 1654. 
 
 Samuel's early youth appears to have been spent pretty 
 equally between town and country. When he and his 
 brother Tom were children they lived with a nurse (Goody 
 Lawrence) at Kingsland,^ and in after life Samuel refers to 
 his habit of shooting with bow and arrow in the fields around 
 that place.'^ He then went to school at Huntingdon,^ from 
 which he was transferred to St. Paul's School in London. 
 He remained at the latter place until 1650, early in which 
 year his name was entered as a sizar on the boards of Trinity 
 Hall, Cambridge.* He was admitted on the 21st June, but 
 
 1 Diary, April 25th, 1664. ^ May 12th, 1667. 
 
 ' March 15th, 1659-60. 
 
 * Lord Braybrooke says Trinity College, but his statement does not 
 agree with the information given in the extracts from the Magdalene 
 College register books quoted in the note on p. xvii, where we find the 
 words, " in Aula Trin." I have made inquiries in order to settle this 
 point, but the result is only negative. The Master of Trinity Hall has 
 been so good as to inform me that the registers of his college do not 
 go back so far as this date, and through the kindness of Mr. J. W. L. 
 Glaisher, F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity College, I learn that Pepys's name 
 does not occur in the registers of that college, and that there is no 
 reason to suspect any omissions in the registers. As there is thus much 
 evidence against his admission at Trinity College, it seems but fair to 
 accept the evidence of the books of Magdalene CoUege until they are 
 proved to be incorrect. 
 
xvi PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 subsequently he transferred his allegiance to Magdalene 
 College, where he was admitted a sizar on the ist October 
 of this same year. He did not enter into residence until 
 March 5th, 1650-5 1,^ but in the following month he was 
 elected to one of Mr. Spendluffe's scholarships, and two 
 years later (October 14th, 1653) he was preferred to one on 
 Dr. John Smith's foundation.^ 
 
 Little or nothing is known of Pepys's career at college, 
 but soon after obtaining the Smith scholarship he got into 
 trouble, and, with a companion, was admonished for being 
 drunk.* His time, however, was not wasted, and there is 
 evidence that he carried into his busy life a fair stock of 
 classical learning and a true love of letters. Throughout 
 his life he looked back with pleasure to the time he spent 
 at the university, and his college was remembered in his 
 will when he bequeathed his valuable library. In this same 
 year, 1653, he graduated B.A.^ On the ist of December, 
 1655, when he was still without any settled means of sup- 
 
 1 « Went to reside in Magi. Coll. Camb., and did put on my gown 
 first, March 5, 1650-51." — Diary, Dec. 31st, 1664. 
 
 ^ Mr. Mynors Bright has printed the following extracts from the 
 entry and register books of Magdalene College, which refer to these 
 movements : — 
 
 "Oct. I, 1650. Samuell Peapys filius Johannis Peapys civis Lon- 
 dinensis, annos natus — e schoU Paulina admissus est Sizator, Tutore 
 D"^" Morland. 
 
 " Mem, eu prius admissii fuisse in AulS Trin : 21 die Junii ejusdem 
 alii, utpatet ex testif. M'" Twells ibidem Socio, dat. Mar. 4 165^, quo 
 die etia in ordine transijt Pensionariorum apud nos." 
 
 _ "Aprilis 3", 165 1. Ego Samuel Pepys electus fui et admissus in 
 discipulum hujus Collegij pro Magistro Spenluff." 
 
 "Octob. 4°, 1653. Ego Samuel Pepys electus fui et admissus in 
 discipulum hujus Collegij pro Magistro Johanne Smyth." 
 
 These entries are also printed in the Appendix to the " Fifth Report 
 of the Historical MSS. Commission," p. 484. 
 
 * October 21st, 1653. " Memorandum : that Peapys and Hind were 
 solemnly admonished by myself and Mr. Hill, for having been scanda- 
 lously over-served with drink y^ night before. This was done in the 
 presence of all the Fellows then resident, in Mr. Hill's chamber. — 
 John Wood, Registrar." {From the Registrar' s-book of Magdalene 
 College.") 
 
 * There is no information at the registry of the university which 
 throws any light upon the question whether Pepys was first entered at 
 Trinity College or Trinity Hall, but Mr. Charles E. Grant has kindly 
 informed me that " Sam : Peapys " matriculated as a pensioner at 
 Magdalene on July 4th, 1651, and was a B.A. of 1653. 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xvii 
 
 port, he married Elizabeth St. Michel, a beautiful and por- 
 tionless girl of fifteen. Her father, Alexander Marchant, 
 Sieur de St. Michel, was of a good family in Anjou, being 
 son of the High Sheriff of Bauge (in Anjou). Having turned 
 Huguenot at the age of twenty-one, when in the German ser- 
 vice, his father disinherited him, and he also lost the rever- 
 sion of some ;!^20,ooo sterling which his uncle, a rich French 
 canon, intended to bequeath to him before he left the Roman 
 Catholic church. He came over to England in the retinue 
 of Henrietta Maria on her marriage with Charles I., but the 
 queen dismissed him on finding that he was a Protestant and 
 did not attend mass. Being a handsome man, with courtly 
 manners, he found favour in the sight of the widow of an 
 Irish squire (daughter of Sir Francis Kingsmill), who mar- 
 ried him against the wishes of her family. After the mar- 
 riage, Alexander St. Michel and his wife having raised some 
 fifteen hundred pounds, started for France in the hope of 
 recovering some part of the family property. They were 
 unfortunate in all their movements, and on their journey to 
 France were taken prisoners by the Dunkirkers, who stripped 
 them of all their property. They now settled at Bideford 
 in Devonshire, and here or near by were born Elizabeth and 
 the rest of the family. At a later period St. Michel served 
 against the Spaniards at the taking of Dunkirk and Arras, 
 and settled at Paris. He was an unfortunate man through- 
 out life, and his son Balthasar says of him : " My father at 
 last grew full of whimsies and propositions of perpetual 
 motion,. &c., to kings, princes and others, which soaked 
 his pocket, and brought all our family so low by his not 
 minding anything else, spending all he had got and getting 
 no other employment to bring in more." 
 
 While he was away from Paris, some " deluding papists " 
 and "pretended devouts" persuaded Madame St. Michel to 
 place her daughter in the nunnery of the Ursulines. When 
 the father heard of this, he hurried back, and managed to 
 get Elizabeth out of the nunnery after she had been there 
 twelve days. Thinking that France was a dangerous place 
 to live in, he removed his family to England, where soon 
 afterwards his daughter was married, although, as Lord 
 Braybrooke remarks, we are not told how she became 
 acquainted with Pepys. 
 
xviii PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 St. Michel was greatly pleased that his daughter had 
 become the wife of a true Protestant, and she herself said 
 to him, kissing his eyes : " Dear father, though in my tender 
 years I was by my low fortune in this world deluded to 
 popery, by the fond dictates thereof I have now (joined 
 with my riper years, which give me some understanding) a 
 man to my husband too wise and one too religious to the 
 Protestant religion to suffer my thoughts to bend that way 
 any more." -^ 
 
 Alexander St. Michel kept up his character for feckless- 
 ness through life, and took out patents for curing smoking 
 chimneys, purifying water, and moulding bricks. In 1667 
 he petitioned the king, asserting that he had discovered 
 King Solomon's gold and silver mines, and the Diary of 
 the same date contains a curious commentary upon these 
 visions of wealth : — 
 
 "March 29, 1667. 4^. a week which his (Baity St. Michel's) 
 father receives of the French church is all the subsistence his 
 father and mother have, and about £10 a year maintains them." 
 
 As already noted, Pepys was married on December ist, 
 1655. This date is given on the authority of the Registers 
 of St. Margaret's Church, Westminster,^ but strangely enough 
 Pepys himself supposed his wedding day to have been Octo- 
 ber ioth.° Lord Braybrooke remarks on this, — 
 
 "It is notorious that the registers in those times were very ill 
 kept, of which we have here a striking instance. . . . Surely a 
 man who kept a diary could not have made such a blunder." 
 
 What is even more strange than Pepys's conviction that 
 he was married on October loth is Mrs. Pepys's agreement 
 with him. On October loth, 1666, we read, — 
 
 ^ These particulars are obtained from an interesting letter from 
 Balthasar St. Michel to Pepys, dated "Deal, Feb. 8, 1673-4," and 
 printed in " Life, Journals, and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys," 
 1841, vol. i., pp. 146-53. 
 
 ^ The late Mr. T. C. Noble kindly communicated to me a copy of 
 the original marriage certificate, which is as follows : " Samuell Peps 
 of this parish Gent. & Elizabeth De S"' Michell of Martins in the flSelds 
 Spinster. Published October ig"', 22'"', 2.^^ [1655], and were married 
 by Richard Sherwin Esq'' one of the Justices of the Peace of the Cittie 
 and Lyberties of Westm' December ist. (Signed) Ri. Sherwin." 
 
 » See Diary, Oct. loth, 1661; Oct. loth, 1664; Oct. loth, i666. 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xix 
 
 " So home to supper, and to bed, it being my wedding night, 
 6ut how many years I cannot tell ; but my wife says ten." 
 
 Here Mrs. Pepys was wrong, as it was eleven years; so she 
 may have been wrong in the day also. In spite of the high 
 authority of Mr. and Mrs. Pepys on a question so interest- 
 ing to them both, we must accept the register as conclusive 
 on this point until further evidence of its incorrectness is 
 forthcoming. 
 
 Sir Edward Montagu (afterwards Earl of Sandwich), who 
 was Pepys's first cousin one remove (Pepys's grandfather 
 and Montagu's mother being brother and sister), was a true 
 friend to his poor kinsman, and he at once held out a help- 
 ing hand to the imprudent couple, allowing them to live in 
 his house. John Pepys does not appear to have been in 
 sufficiently good circumstances to pay for the education of 
 his son, and it seems probable that Samuel went to the uni- 
 versity under his influential cousin's patronage. At all 
 events he owed his success in life primarily to Montagu, to 
 whom he appears to have acted as a sort of agent. 
 
 On March 26th, 1658, he underwent a successful opera- 
 tion for the stone, and we find him celebrating each anni- 
 versary of this important event of his life with thanksgiving. 
 He went through life with little trouble on this score, but 
 when he died at the age of seventy a nest of seven stones 
 was found in his left kidney.-' 
 
 In June, 1659, Pepys accompanied Sir Edward Montagu 
 in the "Naseby," when the Admiral of the Baltic Fleet and 
 Algernon Sidney went to the Sound as joint commissioners. 
 It was then that Montagu corresponded with Charles II., 
 but he had to be very secret in his movements on account 
 of the suspicions of Sidney. Pepys knew nothing of what 
 was going on, as he confesses in the Diary : — 
 
 " I do from this raise an opinion of him, to be one of the 
 most secret men in the world, which I was not so convinced of 
 before." " 
 
 1 "June loth, 1669. I went this evening to London, to carry Mr. 
 Pepys to my brother Richard, now exceedingly afflicted with the stone, 
 who had been successfully cut, and carried the stone, as big as a tennis 
 ball, to show him and encourage his resolution to go thro' the opera- 
 tion." — Evelyn's Diary. 
 
 2 Nov. 7th, 1660. See also Diary, March 8th, 1662-63. 
 
XX PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 On Pepys's return to England he obtained an appointment 
 in the office of Mr., afterwards Sir George Downing, who 
 was one of the Four Tellers of the Receipt of the Exchequer. 
 He was clerk to Downing when he commenced his diary on 
 January ist, 1660, and then lived in Axe Yard, close by 
 King Street, Westminster, a place on the site of which was 
 built Fludyer Street. This, too, was swept away for the 
 Government offices in 1864-65. His salary was ^^o a 
 year.^ Downing invited Pepys to accompany him to Hol- 
 land, but he does not appear to have been very pressing, 
 and a few days later in this same January he got him ap- 
 pointed one of the Clerks of the Council, but the recipient 
 of the favour does not appear to have been very grateful. 
 A great change was now about to take place in Pepys's for- 
 tunes, for in the following March he was made secretary 
 to Sir Edward Montagu in his expedition to bring about 
 the restoration of Charles II., and on the 23rd he went on 
 board the "Swiftsure" with Montagu. On the 30th they 
 transferred themselves to the "Naseby." Owing to this 
 appointment of Pepys we have in the Diary a very full 
 account of the daily movements of the fleet until, events 
 having followed their natural course, Montagu had the 
 honour of bringing Charles II. to Dover, where the King was 
 received with great rejoicing. Several of the ships in the 
 fleet had names which were obnoxious to Royalists, and on 
 the 23rd May the King came on board the " Naseby " and 
 altered there — the " Naseby " to the " Charles," the " Rich- 
 ard " to the "Royal James," the "Speaker" to the "Mary," 
 the "Winsby" to the "Happy Return," the "Wakefield" 
 to the "Richmond," the "Lambert" to the "Henrietta," 
 the "Cheriton" to the "Speedwell," and the "Bradford" 
 to the " Success." " This portion of the Diary is of particu- 
 lar interest, and the various excursions in Holland which 
 the Diarist made are described in a very amusing manner. 
 
 When Montagu and Pepys had both returned to London, 
 the former told the latter that he had obtained the promise 
 of the office of Clerk of the Acts for him. Many difficulties 
 
 1 Diary, Jan. 30th, 1659-60: " I taking my ;^I2 10s. od. due to me 
 for my last quarter's salary." 
 
 ' A List of such Shipps as were at Sceaueling in attending on his 
 Ma" at his returne to England, with an Account of the then Com- 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. 
 
 XXI 
 
 occurred before Pepys actually secured the place, so that at 
 times he was inclined to accept the offers which were made 
 to him to give it up. General Monk was anxious to get the 
 office for Mr. Turner, who was Chief Clerk in the Navy 
 Office, but in the end Montagu's influence secured it for 
 Pepys. Then Thomas Barlow, who had been appointed 
 Clerk of the Acts in 1638, turned up, and appeared likely to 
 become disagreeable. Pepys bought him off with an annuity 
 
 manders in each Ship, as also an Account of the Gratuity : from a 
 paper in the British Museum. (June 19th, l66o.) 
 
 Names. 
 
 Naseby, alias Charles . . . . 
 
 London 
 
 Swiftsure 
 
 Speaker, alias Mary 
 
 Centurion 
 
 Plymouth 
 
 Cherriton, alias Speedwell. 
 
 Dartmouth 
 
 Lark 
 
 Hinde 
 
 Nonsuch frigate 
 
 Norwich 
 
 Winsby, Happy Return. . . 
 
 Royal James 
 
 Lamport, alias Henrietta. 
 
 Essex 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 Yarmouth 
 
 Assistance 
 
 Foresight 
 
 Elias 
 
 Bradford, Success 
 
 Hampshire 
 
 Greyhound 
 
 Francis 
 
 Lilly 
 
 Hawk 
 
 Richmond, formerly Wake- 
 field 
 
 Martin 
 
 Merlyn 
 
 Roe, ketch 
 
 Commanders. 
 
 Roger Cuttance . 
 John Lawson . . . 
 Sir Rich* Stayner 
 Rob. Clarke. . . . 
 
 John Parke 
 
 Jo. Haywarde . . . 
 Henry Cuttance. 
 
 Rich* Rooth 
 
 Tho. Levidge . . . 
 Rich'* Country . . 
 John Parker .... 
 Mich. Untton . . . 
 Joseph Ames . . . 
 John Stoakes . . . 
 John Coppin. . . . 
 
 Tho. Bunn 
 
 Rob. Sansum . . . 
 Cha. Wager .... 
 Tho' Sparling. . . 
 Peter Mootham. 
 Mark Harrison. . 
 Peter Bower. . . . 
 Henry Terne . . . 
 Jerem. Country . 
 
 Wm-' Dale 
 
 John Pearce .... 
 And'' Ashford. . 
 
 John Pointz .... 
 W" Burrowes. . . 
 Edw. Grove .... 
 Tho. Bowry 
 
 Men. Guns. Gratuities. 
 
 500 
 360 
 300 
 220 
 150 
 260 
 
 90 
 100 
 
 40 
 
 35 
 120 
 100 
 160 
 400 
 210 
 200 
 
 «3o 
 
 160 
 
 140 
 
 140 
 
 no 
 
 100 
 
 130 
 
 85 
 
 45 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 100 
 50 
 
 801 19 
 
 580 13 
 
 444 13 
 
 29s 17 
 
 209 17 
 
 298 7 10 
 
 122 15 6 
 
 134 4 2 
 57 6 8 
 55 15 8 
 
 194 18 
 
 133 o 
 
 173 6 
 
 369 4 
 
 274 I 
 
 210 2 
 
 155 6 
 215 2 
 160 17 
 176 19 
 172 10 
 
 171 9 I 
 
 95 15 10 
 
 37 15 6 
 
 46 9 9 
 
 48 16 3 
 
 118 2 
 
 34 16 
 
 51 8 
 
xxii PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 of ;^ioo, which he did not have to pay for any length oi 
 time, as Barlow died in February, 1664-65. It is not in 
 human nature to be greatly grieved at the death of one to 
 whom you have to pay an annuity, and Pepys expresses his 
 feelings in a very naive manner : — 
 
 " For which God knows my heart I could be as sorry as is 
 possible for one to be for a stranger by whose death he gets 
 ^100 per annum, he being a worthy honest man; but when I 
 come to consider the providence of God by this means unex- 
 pectedly to give me £ 100 a-year more in my estate, I have cause 
 to bless God, and do it from the bottom of my heart." 1 
 
 This office was one of considerable importance, for not 
 only was the holder the secretary or registrar of the Navy 
 Board, but he was also one of the principal officers of the 
 navy, and, as member of the board, of equal rank with 
 the other commissioners. This office Pepys held during 
 the whole period of the Diary, and we find him constantly 
 fighting for his position, as some of the other members 
 wished to reduce his rank merely to that of secretary. In 
 his contention Pepys appears to have been in the right, and 
 a valuable MS. volume in the Pepysian library contains an 
 extract from the Old Instructions of about 1649, in which 
 this very point is argued out. The volume appears to have 
 been made up by William Penn the Quaker, from a col- 
 lection of manuscripts on the affairs of the navy found in 
 his father's, "Sir William Penn's closet." It was pre- 
 sented to Charles II., with a dedication ending thus: — 
 
 " I hope enough to justifie see much freedome with a Prince 
 that is so easie to excuse things well intended as this is 
 "By, 
 
 " Great Prince, 
 
 " Thy faithfMl subject, 
 " Wm. Penn." 
 "London, the 22 of the Mo. called June, 1680." 
 
 It does not appear how the volume came into Pepys' s 
 possession. It may have been given him by the king, or he 
 may have taken it as a perquisite of his office. The book 
 has an index, which was evidently added by Pepys; in this 
 
 1 Diary, Feb. 9th, 1664-65. 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xxiii 
 
 are these entries, which show his appreciation of the con- 
 tents of the MS. : — 
 
 " Clerk of the Acts, 
 his duty, 
 his necessity and usefulness." 
 
 The following description of the duty of the Clerk of the 
 Acts shows the importance of the office, and the statement 
 that if the clerk is not fitted to act as a commissioner he is 
 a blockhead and unfit for his employment is particularly 
 racy, and not quite the form of expression one would expect 
 to find in an official document : — 
 
 " Clerke of the Acts. 
 
 "The clarke of the Navye's duty depends principally upon 
 rateing (by the Board's approbation) of all bills and record- 
 ing of them, and all orders, contracts & warrants, making 
 up and casting of accompts, framing and writing answers 
 to letters, orders, and commands from the Councell, Lord 
 High Admirall, or Commissioners of the Admiralty, and he 
 ought to be a very able accomptant, well versed in Navall 
 affairs and all inferior officers dutyes. 
 " It hath been objected by some that the Clarke of the Acts 
 ought to be subordinate to the rest of the Commissioners, and 
 not to be joyned in equall power with them, although he was so 
 constituted from the first institution, which hath been an opin- 
 ion only of some to keep him at a distance, least he might be 
 thought too forward if he had joynt power in discovering or 
 argueing against that which peradventure private interest would 
 have concealed ; it is certaine no man sees more of the Navye's 
 Transactions than himselfe, and possibly may speak as much to 
 the project if required, or else he is a blockhead, and not fitt for 
 that imployment. But why he should not make as able a Com- 
 missioner as a shipp wright lett wise men judge." 
 
 In Pepys's patent the salary is stated to be ^33 6j-. 8d., 
 but this was only the ancient "fee out of the Exchequer," 
 which had been attached to the office for more than a cen- 
 tury. Pepys's salary had been previously fixed at ;^35o a- 
 year. 
 
 Neither of the two qualifications upon which particular 
 stress is laid in the above Instructions was possessed by 
 Pepys. He knew nothing about the navy, and so little of 
 accounts that he learned the multiplication table for the 
 
xxiv PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 first time in July, 1661. We see from the particulars given 
 in the Diary how hard he worked to obtain the knowledge 
 required in his ofifice, and in consequence of his assiduity 
 he soon became a model official. When Pepys became Clerk 
 of the Acts he took up his residence at the Navy Office, a 
 large building situated between Crutched Friars and Seeth- 
 ing Lane, with an entrance in each of those places. On 
 July 4th, 1660, he went with Commissioner Pett to view the 
 houses, and was very pleased with them, but he feared that 
 the more influential officers would jockey him out of his 
 rights. His fears were not well grounded, and on July i8th 
 he records the fact that he dined in his own apartments, 
 which were situated in the Seething Lane front. 
 
 On July 24th, 1660, Pepys was sworn in as Lord Sand- 
 wich's deputy for a Clerkship of the Privy Seal. This office, 
 which he did not think much of at first, brought him in for 
 a time ^^3 a day. In June, 1660, he was made Master of 
 Arts by proxy, and soon afterwards he was sworn in as a 
 Justice of the Peace for Middlesex, Essex, Kent, and Hamp- 
 shire, the counties in which the chief dockyards were situ- 
 ated. 
 
 Pepys's life is written large in the Diary, and it is not 
 necessary here to do more than catalogue the chief incidents 
 of it in chronological order. In February, 1661-62, he 
 was chosen a Younger Brother of the Trinity House, and in 
 April, 1662, when on an official visit to Portsmouth Dock- 
 yard, he was made a burgess of the town. In August of the 
 same year he was appointed one of the commissioners for 
 the affairs of Tangier. Soon afterwards Thomas Povy, the 
 treasurer, got his accounts into a muddle, and showed him- 
 self incompetent for the place, so that Pepys replaced him 
 as treasurer to the commission. 
 
 In March, 1663-64, the Corporation of the Royal Fishery 
 was appointed, with the Duke of York as governor, and 
 thirty-two assistants, mostly " very great persons. " Through 
 Lord Sandwich's influence Pepys was made one of these. 
 
 The time was now arriving when Pepys's general ability 
 and devotion to business brought him prominently into 
 notice. During the Dutch war the unreadiness of the ships, 
 more particularly in respect to victualling, was the cause of 
 great trouble. The Clerk of the Acts did his utmost to set 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xxy 
 
 things right, and he was appointed Surveyor-General of the 
 Victualling Office. The kind way in which Mr. Coventry 
 proposed him as " the fittest man in England " for the office, 
 and the Duke of York's expressed approval, greatly pleased 
 him. 
 
 During the fearful period when the Plague was raging, 
 Pepys stuck to his business, and the chief management of 
 naval affairs devolved upon him, for the meetings at the 
 Navy Office were but thinly attended. In a letter to Coventry 
 he wrote : — 
 
 " The sickness in general thickens round us, and particularly 
 upon our neighbourhood. You, sir, took your turn of the sword ; 
 I must not, therefore, grudge to take mine of the pestilence." 
 
 At this time his wife was living at Woolwich, and he himself 
 with his clerks at Greenwich; one maid only remained in 
 the house in London. 
 
 Pepys rendered special service at the time of the Fire of 
 London. He communicated the king's wishes to the Lord 
 Mayor, and he saved the Navy Office by having up workmen 
 from Woolwich and Deptford Dockyards to pull down the 
 houses around, and so prevent the spread of the flames. 
 
 When peace was at length concluded with the Dutch, and 
 people had time to think over the disgrace which the coun- 
 try had suffered by the presence of De Ruyter's fleet in the 
 Medway, it was natural that a public inquiry into the man- 
 agement of the war should be undertaken. A Parliamentary 
 Committee was appointed in October, 1667, to inquire into 
 the matter. Pepys made a statement which satisfied the 
 committee, but for months afterwards he was continually 
 being summoned to answer some charge, so that he confesses 
 himself as mad to "become the hackney of this office in 
 perpetual trouble and vexation that need it least. "^ 
 
 At last a storm broke out in the House of Commons 
 against the principal officers of the navy, and some mem- 
 bers demanded that they should be put out of their places. 
 In the end they were ordered to be heard in their own 
 defence at the bar of the House. The whole labour of the 
 defence fell upon Pepys, but having made out his case with 
 great skill, he was rewarded by a most unexpected success. 
 
 1 Diary, Feb. nth, 1667-68. 
 
xxvi PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 On the Sth March, 1667-68, he made the great speech of 
 his life, and spoke for three hours, with the effect that he 
 so far removed the prejudice against the officers of the Navy 
 Board, that no further proceedings were taken in parliament 
 on the subject. He was highly praised for his speech, and 
 he was naturally much elated at his brilliant success. 
 
 About the year 1664 we first hear of a defect in Pepys's 
 eyesight. He consulted the celebrated Cocker, and began 
 to wear green spectacles, but gradually this defect became 
 more pronounced, and on the 31st of May, 1669, he wrote 
 the last words in his Diary ; — 
 
 " And thus ends all that I doubt I shall ever be able to do 
 with my own eyes in the keeping of my Journal, I being not able 
 to do it any longer, having done now as long as to undo my eyes 
 almost every time that I take a pen in my hand." 
 
 He feared blindness and was forced to desist, to his lasting 
 regret and our great loss. 
 
 At this time he obtained leave of absence from the duties 
 of his office, and he set out on a tour through France and 
 Holland accompanied by his wife. In his travels he was 
 true to the occupation of his life, and made collections 
 respecting the French and Dutch navies. Some months 
 after his return he spoke of his journey as having been " full 
 of health and content," but no sooner had he and his wife 
 returned to London than the latter became seriously ill with 
 a fever. The disease took a fatal turn, and on the loth of 
 November, 1669, Elizabeth Pepys died at the early age of 
 twenty-nine years, to the great grief of her husband. She 
 died at their house in Crutched Friars, and was buried at 
 St. Olave's Church, Hart Street, where Pepys erected a 
 monument to her memory with this inscription : — 
 
 H. S. E. 
 
 Cui 
 
 Cunas dedit SOMERSET! A, Octob : 23, 1640. 
 
 Patrem e praeclara familii Matrem e nobili Stirpe 
 
 de S' Michel, Cliffodorum, 
 
 ANDEGAVIA, CUMBRIA, 
 
 ELIZABETHA PEPYS, 
 
 Samuelis Pepys (Classi Regias ab Actis) Uxor. 
 
 Quae in Caenobio primum, Auli dciii educata Gallici, 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xxvil 
 
 Utriusque unk claruit virtutibus, 
 Formd, Artibus, Linguis, cultissima. 
 Prolem enixa, quia parem non potuit, nuUam. 
 Huic demum placid^ cum valedixerat 
 (Confecto per amasniora ferfe Europae itinere) 
 Potiorem abiit redux lustratura mundum. 
 Obiit 10 Novembris, 
 ("/^tatis 2g. 
 Anno< Conjugii 15. 
 [Domini 1669. 
 Arms. — Sable, on a Bend Or, between two Nags' Heads 
 erased Argent, three Fleurs de Lis of tiie first ; impaling Ermine, 
 three Roses. 
 
 Pepys's successful speech at the bar of the House of 
 Commons made him anxious to become a member, and the 
 Duke of York and Sir William Coventry heartily supported 
 him in his resolution. An opening occurred in due course, 
 at Aldborough, in Suffolk, owing to the death of Sir Robert 
 Brooke in 1669, ■'but, in consequence of the death of his wife, 
 Pepys was unable to take part in the election. His cause 
 was warmly espoused by the Duke of York and by Lord 
 Henry Howard (afterwards Earl Norwich and sixth Duke 
 of Norfolk), but the efforts of his supporters failed, and the 
 contest ended in favour of John Bruce, who represented the 
 popular party. In November, 1673, Pepys was more suc- 
 cessful, and was elected for Castle Rising on the elevation 
 of the member, Sir Robert Paston, to the peerage as Vis- 
 count Yarmouth. His unsuccessful opponent, Mr. Offley, 
 petitioned against the return, and the election was deter- 
 mined to be void by the Committee of Privileges. The 
 Parliament, however, being prorogued the following month 
 without the House's coming to any vote on the subject, 
 Pepys was permitted to retain his seat. A most irrelevant 
 matter was introduced into the inquiry, and Pepys was 
 charged with having a crucifix in his house, from which it 
 was inferred that he was "a papist or popishly inclined." 
 The charge was grounded upon reported assertions of Sir 
 John Banks and the Earl of Shaftesbury, which they did not 
 stand to when examined on the subject, and the charge was 
 
 1 Sir Robert Brooke, Lord of the Manor of Wanstead from 1662 to 
 1667, M.P. for Aldborough 1660, 1661-69. He retired to France in 
 bad circumstances, and from a letter among the Pepys MSS. it appears 
 that he was drowned in the river at Lyons. 
 
xxviii PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 not proved to be good.* It will be seen from the extracts 
 from the Journals of the House of Commons given in the 
 note that Pepys denied ever having had an altar or crucifix 
 in his house. In the Diary there is a distinct statement of 
 his possession of a crucifix, but it is not clear from the fol- 
 lowing extracts whether it was not merely a varnished 
 engraving of the Crucifixion which he possessed : — 
 
 July 20, 1666. " So I away to Lovett's, there to see how my 
 picture goes on to be varnished, a fine crucifix which will be very 
 fine." August 2. "At home find Lovett, who showed me my 
 crucifix, which will be very fine when done." Nov. 3. " This 
 morning comes Mr. Lovett and brings me my print of the Pas- 
 sion, varnished by him, and the frame which is indeed very 
 fine, though not so fine as I expected ; however pleases me 
 exceedingly." 
 
 Whether he had or had not a crucifix in his house was a 
 matter for himself alone, and the interference of the House 
 
 1 "The House then proceeding upon the debate touching the Elec- 
 tion for Castle Rising, between Mr. Pepys and Mr. Offley, did, in the 
 first place, take into consideration what related personally to Mr. Pepys. 
 Information being given to the House that they had received an 
 account from a person of quality, that he saw an Altar with a Crucifix 
 upon it, in the house of Mr. Pepys; Mr. Pepys, standing up in his 
 place, did heartily and flatly deny that he ever had any Altar or 
 Crucifix, or the image or picture of any Saint whatsoever in his house, 
 from the top to the bottom of it; and the Members being called upon 
 to name the person that gave them the information, they were unwilling 
 to declare it without the order of the House; which, being made, they 
 named the Earl of Shaftesbury; and the House being also informed 
 that Sir J. Banks did likewise see the Altar, he was ordered to attend 
 the Bar of the House, to declare what he knew of this matter. 
 ' Ordered that Sir William Coventry, Sir Thomas Meeres, and Mr. Gar- 
 raway do attend Lord Shaftesbury on the like occasion, and receive 
 what information his Lordship can give on this matter.' " — yournak 
 
 of the House of Commons, vol. ix., p. 306. " 13th February, Sir W. 
 
 Coventry reports that they attended the E^rl of Shaftesbury, and 
 received from him the account which they had put in writing. The 
 Earl of Shaftesbury denieth that he ever saw an Altar in Mr. Pepys's 
 house or lodgings; as to the Crucifix, he saith he hath some imperfect 
 memory of seeing somewhat which he conceived to be a Crucifix. 
 When his Lordship was asked the time, he said it was before the 
 burning of the Office of the Navy. Being asked concerning the 
 manner, he said he could not remember whether it were painted or 
 carved, or in what manner the thing was; and that his memory was 
 so very imperfect in it, that if he were upon his oath he could give no 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xxix 
 
 of Commons was a gross violation of the liberty of the 
 subject. 
 
 In connection with Lord Shaftesbury's part in this matter, 
 the late Mr. W. D. Christie found the following letter to Sir 
 Thomas Meres among the papers at St. Giles's House, Dor- 
 setshire : — 
 
 "Exeter House, February loth, 1674. 
 " Sir, — That there might be no mistake, I thought best to 
 put my answer in writing to those questions that yourself, Sir 
 William Coventry, and Mr. Garroway were pleased to propose 
 to me this morning from the House of Commons, which is that 
 I never designed to be a witness against any man for what I 
 either heard or saw, and therefore did not take so exact notice 
 of things inquired of as to be able to remember them so clearly 
 as is requisite to do in a testimony upon honour or oath, or to 
 so great and honourable a body as the House of Commons, it 
 being some years' distance since I was at Mr. Pepys his lodg- 
 ing. Only that particular of an altar is so signal that I must, 
 needs have remembered it had I seen any such thing, which I 
 am sure I do not. This I desire you to communicate with Sir 
 William Coventry and Mr. Garroway to be delivered as my 
 answer to the House of Commons, it being the same I gave you 
 this morning. 
 
 " I am. Sir, 
 
 " Your most humble servant, 
 
 " Shaftesbury." 
 
 After reading this letter Sir William Coventry very justly 
 remarked, "There are a great many more Catholics than 
 think themselves so, if having a crucifix will make one." 
 Mr. Christie resented the remarks on Lord Shaftesbury's 
 part in this persecution of Pepys made by Lord Braybrooke, 
 who said, " Painful indeed is it to reflect to what length the 
 bad passions which party violence inflames could in those 
 
 testimony." — Ibid., vol. ix., p. 309. " l6th February — Sir John 
 
 Banks was called in — The Speaker desired him to answer what 
 acquaintance he had with Mr- Pepys, and whether he used to have 
 recourse to him to his house, and had ever seen there any Altar or 
 Crucifix, or whether he knew of his being a Papist, or Popishly inclined. 
 Sir J. Banks said that he had known and had been acquainted with 
 Mr. Pepys several years, and had often visited him and conversed with 
 him at the Navy Office, and at his house there upon several occasions; 
 and that he never saw in his house there any Altar or Crucifix, and 
 that he does not believe him to be a Papist, or that way inclined in 
 the least, nor had any reason or ground to think or believe it." — Ibid., 
 vol. ix., p. 310. 
 
XXX PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 days carry a man of Shaftesbury's rank, station, and abili- 
 ties." Mr. Christie observes, "It is clear from the letter 
 to Meres that Shaftesbury showed no malice and much 
 scrupulousness when a formal charge, involving important 
 results, was founded on his loose private conversations."^ 
 This would be a fair vindication if the above attack upon 
 Pepys stood alone, but we shall see later on that Shaftesbury 
 was the moving spirit in a still more unjustifiable attack. 
 
 Lord Sandwich died heroically in the naval action in 
 Southwold Bay, and on June 24th, 1672, his remains were 
 buried with some pomp in Westminster Abbey. There were 
 eleven earls among the mourners, and Pepys, as the first 
 among "the six BanneroUes, " walked in the procession. 
 
 About this time Pepys was called from his old post of 
 Clerk of the Acts to the higher office of Secretary of the 
 Admiralty. His first appointment was a piece of favourit- 
 ism, but it was due to his merits alone that he obtained the 
 secretaryship. In the summer of 1673, the Duke of York 
 having resigned all his appointments on the passing of the 
 Test Act, the King put the Admiralty into commission, and 
 Pepys was appointed Secretary for the Affairs of the Navy." 
 He was thus brought into more intimate connection with 
 Charles II., who took the deepest interest in shipbuilding 
 and all naval affairs. The Duke of Buckingham said of 
 the King : — 
 
 " The great, almost the only pleasure of his mind to which he 
 seemed addicted was shipping and sea affairs, which seemed to 
 be so much his talent for knowledge as well as inclination, that 
 a war of that kind was rather an entertainment than any disturb- 
 ance to his thoughts."^ 
 
 When Pepys ceased to be Clerk of the Acts he was able 
 to obtain the appointment for his clerk, Thomas Hayter, 
 and his brother, John Pepys, who held it jointly. The 
 
 1 Christie's "Life of the First Earl of Shaftesbury," 1871, vol. ii., 
 pp. 195-197- 
 
 2 The office generally known as Secretary of the Admiralty dates 
 back many years, but the officer who filled it was sometimes Secretary 
 to the Lord High Admiral, and sometimes to the Commission for that 
 office. "His Majesties Letters Patent for y» erecting the office of 
 Secretary of y" Admiralty of England, and creating Samuel Pepys, Esq., 
 first Secretary therein," is dated June loth, 1684. 
 
 * Jesse's " Stuarts," vol. iii., p. 326. 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xxxi 
 
 /atter does not appear to have done much credit to Samuel. 
 He was appointed Clerk to the Trinity House in 1670 on 
 his brother's recommendation, and when he died in 1677 
 he was in debt ;^300 to his employers, and this sum Samuel 
 had to pay. In 1676 Pepys was Master of the Trinity House, 
 and in the following year Master of the Clothworkers' Com- 
 pany, when he presented a richly-chased silver cup, which 
 is still used at the banquets of the company. On Tuesday, 
 loth September, 1677, the Feast of the Hon. Artillery Com- 
 pany was held at Merchant Taylors' Hall, when the Duke of 
 York, the Duke of Somerset, the Lord Chancellor, and other 
 distinguished persons were present. On this occasion Vis- 
 count Newport, Sir Joseph Williamson, and Samuel Pepys 
 officiated as stewards.^ 
 
 About this time it is evident that the secretary carried 
 himself with some haughtiness as a ruler of the navy, and 
 that this was resented by some. An amusing instance will 
 be found in the "Parliamentary Debates." On May nth, 
 1678, the King's verbal message to quicken the supply was 
 brought in by Mr. Secretary Williamson, when Pepys spoke 
 to this effect : — 
 
 " When I promised that the ships should be ready by the 30th 
 of May, it was upon the supposition of the money for 90 ships 
 proposed by the King and voted by you, their sizes and rates, 
 and I doubt not by that time to have 90 ships, and if they fall 
 short it will be only from the failing of the Streights ships com- 
 ing home and those but two. . . . 
 
 " Sir Robert Howard then rose and said, ' Pepys here speaks 
 rather hke an Admiral than a Secretary, " I " and " we." I wish 
 he knows half as much of the Navy as he pretends.'"^ 
 
 Pepys was chosen by the electors of Harwich as their 
 member in the short Parliament that sat from March to 
 July, 1679, his colleague being Sir Anthony Deane, but 
 both members were sent to the Tower in May on a baseless 
 charge, and they were superseded in the next Parliament 
 that met on the 17th October, 1679. 
 
 The high-handed treatment which Pepys underwent at 
 this time exhibits a marked instance of the disgraceful per- 
 secution connected with the so-called Popish plot. He was 
 
 1 Raikes's " Hon. Artillery Company," vol. i., p. 196. 
 
 " Cobbett's " Parliamentary History," vol. iv., cols. 975, 976. 
 
xxxii PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 totally unconnected with the Roman Catholic party, but his 
 association with the Duke of York was sufficient to mark 
 him as a prey for the men who initiated this "Terror" of 
 the seventeenth century. Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey came 
 to his death in October, 1678, and in December Samuel 
 Atkins, Pepys's clerk, was brought to trial as an accessory 
 to his murder.' Shaftesbury and the others not having suc- 
 ceeded in getting at Pepys through his clerk, soon after- 
 wards attacked him more directly, using the infamous 
 evidence of Colonel Scott. Much light has lately been . 
 thrown upon the underhand dealings of this miscreant by 
 Mr. G. D. Scull, who printed privately in 1883 a valuable 
 work entitled, "Dorothea Scott, otherwise Gotherson, and 
 Hogben of Egerton House, Kent, 1611-1680." 
 
 John Scott (calling himself Colonel Scott) ingratiated 
 himself into acquaintance with Major Gotherson, and sold 
 to the latter large tracts of land in Long Island, to which he 
 had no right whatever. Dorothea Gotherson, after her hus- 
 band's death, took steps to ascertain the exact state of her 
 property, and obtained the assistance of Colonel Francis 
 Lovelace, Governor of New York. Scott's fraud was dis- 
 
 1 In Sir G. F. Duckett's "Naval Commissioners, 1660-1760" (pri- 
 vately printed, 1889), there are several particulars as to the life of 
 Samuel Atkins. He was the son of " a colonel on the Parliament side 
 in the late Rebellion," and from 1670 to 1672 -was clerk to Colonel 
 Middleton, one of the Commissioners of the Navy, who died in the 
 latter year. He was then clerk in Chatham Dockyard, and in 1674 
 " he went as junior clerk . . . under Mr.' Hewer," and afterwards chief 
 or head-clerk under Pepys, to whom he is said to have been devoted. 
 He was examined before a Committee of the House of Lords, and 
 several times remanded back to Newgate touching the murder of Sir 
 Edmund Berry Godfrey. He was eventually acquitted, and having 
 influential friends he subsequently obtained several good appointments. 
 He was a Commissioner of the Navy from 1694 to 1702, and in 1700 
 he was one of five Commissioners appointed by the House of Lords to 
 state the accounts due to the Army. He died in 1706. An account 
 of Atkins's case, and other documents connected with Godfrey's murder, 
 will be found among the Rawlinson MSS. in the Bodleian Library, 
 A. 173. References to Atkins are given in the House of Lords MSS. 
 ("Historical MSS. Commission," nth Report, Appendix, part 2, pp. 
 49-51). Mr. J. R. Tanner communicated an interesting article on 
 "Pepys and tlie Popish Plot" to the April number (1892) of the 
 " English Historical Review." He shows how the aliii which caused 
 the jury to acquit Atkins without leaving the box was prepared by 
 Pepys himself. 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xxxiii 
 
 covered, and a petition for redress was presented to the 
 King. The result of this was that the Duke of York com- 
 manded Pepys " to collect evidence against Scott, and he 
 accordingly brought together a great number of depositions 
 and information as to his dishonest proceedings in New 
 England, Long Island, Barbadoes, France, Holland, and 
 England," ^ and these papers are preserved among the Raw- 
 linson Manuscripts in the Bodleian. Scott had his revenge, 
 and accused Pepys of betraying the navy by sending secret 
 particulars to the French Government, and of a design to 
 dethrone the king and extirpate the Protestant religion. 
 Pepys and Sir Anthony Deane were committed to the Tower 
 under the Speaker's warrant on May 22nd, 1679, and Pepys's 
 place at the Admiralty was filled by the appointment of 
 Thomas Hayter. When the two prisoners were brought to 
 the bar of the King's Bench on the 2nd of June, the Attor- 
 ney-General refused bail, but subsequently they were allowed 
 to find security for ^^30,000.^ 
 
 Pepys was put to great expense in collecting evidence 
 against Scott and obtaining witnesses to clear himself of the 
 
 1 Scull's "Dorothea Scott," pp. 16, 17. 
 
 2 In connection with this period of disgrace the following is of 
 interest : 
 
 Extract from a paper without date. 
 
 [Endorsed — " The Coffee-House-Paper, wherein y= scandalous intel- 
 ligence touching M' Pepys."] 
 
 " On Tuesday last, M' Peeps went to Windsor, having y" confidence 
 y' he might kisse y* King's hand; and being at Court, mett the Lord 
 Chamberlain and made his complent to his Lordshipp. But his Lord- 
 shipp told him y' he wondered he should presume to come to Court 
 before he had cleared hiraselfe, being charged with treason; whose 
 answer was, his innocency was such, that he valued not any thing he 
 was charged with; soe parted with his Lordshipp; but by the favour 
 of some courtiers, he was brought into y= King's presence : but so soon 
 as his Maj''= saw him, he frowned and turned aside, showing his dislike 
 of seeing him there." 
 
 The following contradiction to this statement appeared in "The 
 Domestic Intelligencer, and News from Town and Country," 15th and 
 26th September, 1679: "These are to give notice that all and every 
 part of the relation published in ' The Domestic Intelligencer ' the 9th 
 of this instant September, is, as to the matter, and every particular cir- 
 cumstance therein mentioned, altogether false and scandalous, there 
 having no such passage happened, nor any thing that might give occa- 
 sion to that report." 
 
xxxiv PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 charges brought against him. He employed his brother-in- 
 law, Balthasar St. Michel, to collect evidence in France, as 
 he himself explains in a letter to the Commissioners of the 
 
 Navy : — 
 
 " His Majesty of his gracious regard to me, and the justifica- 
 tion of my innocence, was then pleased at my humble request to 
 dispence with my said brother goeing (with y" shippe about that 
 time designed for Tangier) and to give leave to his goeing into 
 France (the scene of y" villannys then in practice against me), 
 he being the only person whom (from his relation to me, together 
 with his knowledge in the place and language, his knowne dilli- 
 gence and particular affection towards mee) I could at that tyme 
 and in soe greate a cause pitch on, for committing the care of 
 this affaire of detecting the practice of my enemies there." * 
 
 In the end Scott refused to acknowledge to the truth of 
 his original deposition, and the prisoners were relieved 
 from their bail on February 12th, 1679-80. John James, 
 a butler previously in Pepys's service,^ confessed on his 
 deathbed in 1680 that he had trumped up the whole story 
 relating to his former master's change of religion at the 
 instigation of Mr. William Harbord, M.P. for Thetford. 
 
 Pepys wrote on July ist, 1680, to Mrs. Skinner: — 
 
 " I would not omit giving you the knowledge of my having at 
 last obtained what with as much reason I might have expected 
 a year ago, my full discharge from the bondage I have, from one 
 villain's practice, so long lain under." ' 
 
 William Harbord, of Cadbury, co. Somerset, second son 
 of Sir Charles Harbord, whom he succeeded in 1682 as 
 Surveyor-General of the Land Revenues of the Crown, was 
 Pepys's most persistent enemy. Several papers referring to 
 Harbord's conduct were found at Scott's lodging after his 
 flight, and are now preserved among the Rawlinson MSS. 
 in the Bodleian. One of these was the following memo- 
 randum, which shows pretty plainly Pepys's opinion of 
 Harbord : — 
 
 1 Scull's "Dorothea Scott," pp. 21, 22. 
 
 - John James, of Glentworth, co. Lincoln, had been servant to Sir 
 William Coventry, and was recommended to Pepys by Sir R. Mason. 
 James's evidence against Pepys is given in Grey's " Debates," vol. vii., 
 p. 304. 
 
 ^ " Pepys's Life, Journals, and Correspondence," 1841, vol. i., p. 216. 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xxxv 
 
 " That about the time of Mr. Pepys's surrender of his employ- 
 ment of Secretary of the Admiralty, Capt. Russell and myself 
 being in discourse about Mr. Pepys, Mr. Russell delivered him- 
 self in these or other words to this purport : That he thought it 
 might be of advantage to both, if a good understanding were 
 had between his brother Harbord and Mr. Pepys, asking me to 
 propose it to Mr. Pepys, and he would to his brother, which 
 I agreed to, and went immediately from him to Mr. Pepys, and 
 telling him of this discourse, he gave me readily this answer in 
 these very words : That he knew of no service Mr. Harbord 
 could doe him, or if he could, he should be the last man in 
 England he would receive any from."^ 
 
 Besides Scott's dishonesty in his dealings with Major 
 Gotherson, it came out that he had cheated the States of 
 Holland out of ;£7,ooo, in consequence of which he was 
 hanged in effigy at the Hague in 1672. In 1682 he fled 
 from England to escape from the law, as he had been guilty 
 of wilful murder by killing George Butler, a hackney 
 coachman, and he reached Norway in safety, where he 
 remained till 1696. In that year some of his influential 
 friends obtained a pardon for him from William III., and 
 he returned to England.^ 
 
 In October, 1680, Pepys attended on Charles II. at 
 Newmarket, and there he took down from the King's own 
 mouth the narrative of his Majesty's escape from Worcester, 
 which was first published in 1766 by Sir David Dalrymple 
 (Lord Hailes) from the MS., which now remains in the 
 Pepysian library both in shorthand and in longhand. ° It is 
 creditable to Charles II. and the Duke of York that both 
 brothers highly appreciated the abilities of Pepys, and 
 availed themselves of his knowledge of naval affairs. 
 
 In the following year there was some chance that Pepys 
 might retire from public affairs, and take upon himself the 
 headship of one of the chief Cambridge colleges. On the 
 death of Sir Thomas Page, the Provost of King's College, 
 in August, 1681, Mr. S. Maryon, a Fellow of Clare Hall, 
 
 1 William Harbord sat as M.P. for Thetford in several parliaments. 
 In 1689 he was chosen on the Privy Council, and in 1690 became 
 Vice-Treasurer for Ireland. He was appointed Ambassador to Turkey 
 in 1692, and died at Belgrade in July of that year. 
 
 2 Scull's " Dorothea Scott," p. 74. 
 
 ' It is included in the " Boscobel Tracts," published with " Gram- 
 mont's Memoirs" in Bohn's Standard Library (Bell and Sons). 
 
xxxvi PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 recommended Pepys to apply to the King for the appoint- 
 ment, being assured that the royal mandate if obtained 
 would secure his election. He liked the idea, but replied 
 that he believed Colonel Legge (afterwards Lord Dartmouth) 
 wanted to get the office for an old tutor. Nothing further 
 seems to have been done by Pepys, except that he promised 
 if he were chosen to give the whole profit of the first year, 
 and at least half of that of each succeeding year, to " be 
 dedicated to the general and public use of the college." 
 In the end Dr. John Coplestone was appointed to the post. 
 On May 22nd, 1681, the Rev. Dr. Milles, rector of St. 
 Olave's, who is so often mentioned in the Diary, gave 
 Pepys a certificate as to his attention to the services of the 
 Church. It is not quite clear what was the occasion of the 
 certificate, but probably the Diarist wished to have it ready 
 in case of another attack upon him in respect to his ten- 
 dency towards the Church of Rome : — 
 
 " I, Daniel Milles, Doctor in Divinity, present (and for above 
 twenty yeares last past) Rector of the parish of St. Olave's, Hart 
 Street, London, doe hereby certify that Samuel Pepys, Esq., 
 some time one of the principall Officers and Commissioners of 
 his Majestie's Navy, and since Secretary of the Admiralty of 
 England, became (with his family) an inhabitant of the said 
 Parish, about the month of June, in the yeare of our Lord 1660, 
 and so continued (without intermission) for the space of thirteen 
 yeares — viz., untill about the same month in the yeare 1673, 
 when he was called thence to attend his Majesty in his said Sec- 
 retaryship : during all which time, the said Mr. Pepys and his 
 whole family were constant attendants upon the public worship 
 of God and his holy Ordinances, (under my ministration,) 
 according to the Doctrine and Discipline of the Church of Eng- 
 land, established by Law, without the least appearance or sug- 
 gestion had of any inclination towards Popery, either in himself 
 or any of his family ; his Lady receiving the Holy Sacrament 
 (in company with him, the said Mr. Pepys, her husband, and 
 others) from my hand, according to the rites of the Church of 
 England, upon her death-bed, few houres before her decease, 
 in the yeare 1 669. 
 
 "And I doe hereby further certify, that the said Mr. Pepys 
 hath, from the determination of his said residence in this parish, 
 continued to receive the Holy Communion with the inhabitants 
 thereof, to this day ; so that I verily believe, hee never failed, 
 within the whole space of one and twenty yeares last past (viz., 
 from June, i66o,) to this instant 22d of May, (being Whitsunday 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xxxvii 
 
 in the same yeare 1681,) of communicating publickly in the 
 Sacrament of the Lord's Supper with the inhabitants of the Par- 
 ish, from my hand, at any of the solemn Feasts of Christmas, 
 Easter, and Pentecost, (besides his frequent monthly communi- 
 catings therein,) saving on Whitsunday, 1679, when, being a 
 prisoner in the Tower, he appears to have received it in the 
 publick Chappell there ; and at Easter last, when, by a violent 
 sickness, (which confined him to his bed,) he was, to my partic- 
 ular knowledge, rendered incapable of attending it. Witnesse 
 my Hand, the day and the yeare above written. 
 
 "D. MiLLES, D.D., Rect' of S' Olave, 
 " Hart Street, Lond." 
 
 Early in 1682 Pepys accompanied the Duke of York to 
 Scotland, and narrowly escaped shipwreck by the way. 
 Before letters could arrive in London to tell of his safety, 
 the news came of the wreck of the "Gloucester" (the 
 Duke's ship), and of the loss of many lives. His friends' 
 anxiety was relieved by the arrival of a letter which Pepys 
 wrote from Edinburgh to Hewer on May 8th, in which he 
 detailed the particulars of the adventure. The Duke invited 
 him to go on board the " Gloucester" frigate, but he preferred 
 his own yacht (the " Catherine "), in which he had more 
 room, and in consequence of his resolution he saved him- 
 self from the risk of drowning. On May sth the frigate 
 struck upon the sand called "The Lemon and Oar," about 
 sixteen leagues from the mouth of the Humber. This was 
 caused by the carelessness of the pilot, to whom Pepys im- 
 puted "an obstinate over-weening in opposition to the 
 contrary opinions of Sir L Berry, his master, mates, Col. 
 Legg, the Duke himself, and several others, concurring 
 unanimously in not being yet clear of the sands." The 
 Duke and his party escaped, but numbers were drowned in 
 the sinking ship, and it is said that had the wreck occurred 
 two hours earlier, and the accompanying yachts been at the 
 distance they had previously been, not a soul would have 
 escaped. 
 
 Pepys stayed in Edinburgh for a short time, and the 
 Duke of York allowed him to be present at two councils. 
 He then visited, with Colonel George Legge, some of the 
 principal places in the neighbourhood, such as Stirling, 
 Linlithgow, Hamilton, and Glasgow. The latter place he 
 
xxxviii PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 describes as " a very extraordinary town indeed for beauty 
 and trade, much superior to any in Scotland." ^ 
 
 Pepys had now been out of office for some time, but he 
 was soon to have employment again. Tangier, which was 
 acquired at the marriage of the King to Katharine of Bra- 
 ganza, had long been an incumbrance, and it was resolved 
 at last to destroy the place. Colonel Legge (now Lord 
 Dartmouth) was in August, 1683, consituted Captain-Gen- 
 eral of his Majesty's forces in Africa, and Governor of Tan- 
 gier, and sent with a fleet of about twenty sail to demolish 
 and blow up the works, destroy the harbour, and bring home 
 the garrison. Pepys received the King's commands to ac- 
 company Lord Dartmouth on his expedition, but the latter's 
 instructions were secret, and Pepys therefore did not know 
 what had been decided upon. He saw quite enough, how- 
 ever, to form a strong opinion of the uselessness of the place 
 to England. Lord Dartmouth carried out his instructions 
 thoroughly, and on March 29th, 1684, he and his party 
 (including Pepys) arrived in the English Channel.^ 
 
 The King himself now resumed the office of Lord High 
 Admiral, and appointed Pepys Secretary of the Admiralty, 
 
 1 Pepys to Hewer, May loth, 1682 (" Pepys's Life, Journals, and 
 Correspondence," 1841, vol. i., p. 295). 
 
 2 Pepys's true friend, Mr. Houblon, gave him the following letter of 
 credit when he set out on the expedition : — 
 
 " London, August 8, 1683. 
 " Mr. Richard Gough — This goes by my deare friend Mr. Pepys, who 
 is embarlced on board the Grafton man-of-warr, commanded by our 
 Lord Dartmouth, who is Admiral of the King's Fleet for this Expedi- 
 tion. If Mr. Pepys's occasions draw him to Cadiz, you know what love 
 and respect I bear him, so that I need not use arguments with you for 
 to serve him there, which I am sure you will do to the utmost of your 
 power. And wherein you find yourself deficient either for want of lan- 
 guage or knowing the country, oblige your friends to help you, that he 
 may have all the pleasure and divertisement there that Cales can afford 
 him. And if his occasions require any money, you will furnish him 
 what he desires, placing it to my account. I shall write you per next 
 post concerning other matters. I am, your loving friend, 
 
 "James Houblon." 
 — Rawlinson MS. 
 
 Pepys kept a journal of his proceedings at Tangier, which is now 
 preserved among the Rawlinson MSS. in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. 
 It was deciphered and published by the Rev. John Smith, in his " Life, 
 Journals, and Correspondence of Pepys," 1841. 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xxxix 
 
 with a salary of ;£soo per annum. In the Pepysian Library 
 is the original patent, dated June loth, 1684: "His Majes- 
 ty's Letters Patent for y° erecting the ofifice of Secretary of 
 y" Admiralty of England, and creating Samuel Pepys, Esq., 
 first Secretary therein." In this ofifice the Diarist remained 
 until the period of the Revolution, when his ofificial career 
 was concluded. 
 
 A very special honour was conferred upon Pepys in this 
 year, when he was elected President of the Royal Society 
 in succession to Sir Cyril Wyche, and he held the ofifice for 
 two years. Pepys had been admitted a fellow of the society 
 on February isth, 1664-65, and from Birch's "History" 
 we find that in the following month he made a statement to 
 the society : — 
 
 " Mr. Pepys gave an account of what information he had 
 received from the Master of the Jersey ship which had been in 
 company with Major Holmes in the Guinea voyage concerning 
 the pendulum watches (March 15th, 1664-5) ."^ 
 
 The records of the society show that he frequently made 
 himself useful by obtaining such information as might be 
 required in his department. After he retired from the pres- 
 idency, he continued to entertain some of the most distin- 
 guished members of the society on Saturday evenings at his 
 house in York Buildings. Evelyn expressed the strongest 
 regret when it was necessary to discontinue these meetings 
 on account of the infirmities of the host. 
 
 In 1685 Charles II. died, and was succeeded by James, 
 Duke of York. From his intimate association with James 
 it might have been supposed that a long period of ofificial 
 life was still before Pepys, but the new king's bigotry and 
 incapacity soon made this a practical impossibility. At 
 the coronation of James II. Pepys marched in the proces- 
 sion immediately behind the king's canopy, as one of the 
 sixteen barons of the Cinque Ports. 
 
 In the year 1685 a new charter was granted to the Trinity 
 Company, and Pepys was named in it the first master, this 
 being the second time that he had held the ofifice of master. 
 Evelyn specially refers to the event in his Diary, and men- 
 
 1 Birch's " History of the Royal Society," vol. ii., p. 23. 
 
xl PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 tions the distinguished persons present at the dinner on 
 July 2oth. 
 
 It is evident that at this time Pepys was looked upon as 
 a specially influential man, and when a parliament was sum- 
 moned to meet on May 19th, 1685, he was elected both for 
 Harwich and for Sandwich. He chose to serve for Har- 
 wich, and Sir Philip Parker was elected to fill his place at 
 Sandwich. This parliament was dissolved by proclamation 
 July 2nd, 1687, and on August 24th the king declared in 
 council that another parliament should be summoned for 
 November 27th, 1688, but great changes took place before 
 that date, and when the Convention Parliament was called 
 together in January and February, 1689-90, Pepys found 
 no place in it. The right-hand man of the exiled monarch 
 was not likely to find favour in the eyes of those who were 
 now in possession. When the election for Harwich came 
 on, the electors refused to return him, and the streets 
 echoed to the cry of "No Tower men, no men out of the 
 Tower ! " They did not wish to be represented in parlia- 
 ment by a disgraced official. 
 
 We have little or no information to guide us as to Pepys 's 
 proceedings at the period of the Revolution. We know 
 that James U. just before his flight was sitting to Kneller 
 for a portrait intended for the Secretary to the Admiralty, 
 and that Pepys acted in that office for the last time on 
 2oth February, 1688-89, ^^^ between those dates we know 
 nothing of the anxieties and troubles that he must have 
 suffered. On the 9th March an order was issued from the 
 Commissioners of the Admiralty for him to deliver up his 
 books, &c., to Phineas Bowles, who superseded him as 
 secretary. 
 
 Pepys had many firm friends upon whom he could rely, 
 but he had also enemies who lost no opportunity of worry- 
 ing him. On June loth, 1690, Evelyn has this entry in 
 his Diary, which throws some light upon the events of the 
 time : — 
 
 " Mr. Pepys read to me his Remonstrance, shewing with what 
 malice and injustice he was suspected with Sir Anth. Deane about 
 the timber of which the thirty ships were built by a late Act of 
 Parliament, with the exceeding danger which the fleete would 
 shortly be in, by reason of the tyranny and incompetency of those 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xli 
 
 who now managed the Admiralty and affairs of the Navy, of 
 which he gave an accurate state, and shew'd his greate ability." 
 
 On the 25th of this same month Pepys was committed to 
 the Gatehouse at Westminster on a charge of having sent 
 information to the French Court of the state of the English 
 navy. There was no evidence of any kind against him, 
 and at the end of July he was allowed to return to his own 
 house on account of ill-health. Nothing further was done 
 in respect to the charge, but he was not free till some time 
 after, and he was long kept in anxiety, for even in 1692 he 
 still apprehended some fresh persecution. 
 
 Sir Peter Palavicini, Mr. James Houblon, Mr. Black- 
 burne, and Mr. Martin bailed him, and he sent them the 
 following circular letter : — 
 
 "October 15, 1690. 
 " Being this day become once again a free man in every respect, 
 I mean but that of my obligation to you and the rest of my friends, 
 to whom I stand indebted for my being so, I think it but a rea- 
 sonable part of my duty to pay you and them my thanks for it in 
 a body ; but know not how otherwise to compass it than by beg- 
 ging you, which I hereby do, to take your share with them and 
 me here, to-morrow, of a piece of mutton, which is all I dare 
 promise you, besides that of being ever, 
 
 " Your most bounden and faithful humble servant, 
 
 "S. P." 
 
 He employed the enforced idleness caused by being 
 thrust out of his employment in the collection of the mate- 
 rials for the valuable work which he published in 1690, 
 under the title of "Memoirs of the Navy." Little more 
 was left for him to do in life, but as the government became 
 more firmly established, and the absolute absurdity of the 
 idea of his disloyalty was proved, Pepys held up his head 
 again as a man to be respected and consulted, and for the 
 remainder of his life he was looked upon as the Nestor of 
 the Navy. 
 
 There is little more to be told of Pepys's life. He con- 
 tinued to keep up an extended correspondence with his 
 many friends, and as Treasurer of Christ's Hospital he took 
 very great interest in the welfare of that institution. He 
 succeeded in preserving from impending ruin the mathe- 
 matical foundation which had been originally designed by 
 
xlii PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 him, and through his anxious solicitations endowed and 
 cherished by Charles II. and James II. One of the last 
 public acts of his life was the presentation of the portrait 
 of the eminent Dr. John Wallis, Savilian Professor of Geom- 
 etry, to the University of Oxford. In 1701 he sent Sir 
 Godfrey Kneller to Oxford to paint the portrait, and the 
 University rewarded him with a Latin diploma containing 
 in gorgeous language the expression of thanks for his mu- 
 nificence.^ 
 
 1 The Diploma sent by the University of Oxford to Mr. Pepys, 
 
 Upon his presenting the Portrait of Dr. Wallis to their Picture Gallery, 
 October, 1702. 
 
 "■ Ornatissimo, Optimoque, Viro Samueli Pepys, Armigero, Regibus 
 Carolo Secundo et Jacobo Secundo a Secretis AdmiraliEe, tlniversitas 
 Oxoniensis. 
 
 " Te de litteris optime mereri (Vir ornatissime !) si ncn multis aliis, 
 hoc uno argumento probari possit, quod litteratorum honori tam impense 
 faves: certe ante oculos gratissimum simul atque splendidissimum 
 munificentise vestras atque in nos benevolentise exemplum quotidie cum 
 laude tu^ observabitur, neque in doctissimi Professoris imagine ipsam 
 quasi depictam mathematicen, insolitamque animi vestri descriptam 
 benignitatem satis unquam mirabimur. Et quidem preeclarae indolis est 
 posse magnum Wallisium in pretio habere, qui nihil unquam vulgare 
 aut sapuit aut fecit, tendit in altos multH curS litterarum tractus, subli- 
 mesque aperit mathematum vias, coelis proximus quos metitur et sideri- 
 bus stellisque quorum numerus ejus arithmeticse patet, omnesque nisi 
 Lynceum atque Aquilinum oculum fugit. Tu solertissimus tam coelestis 
 ingenii aestimator, dum tantum in alio meritum suspicis, et dum tam 
 eximii, tam perspicacis in rebus abstrusissimis Viri similitudinem nobis 
 proponis, egregis mentis tuae erigis immortalitatem : non illius formse 
 atque titulis tantum, verum famse etiam nomen tuum inscribis, et quantus 
 sis non obscure inde judicare possumus, quod talem Virum Genti nostras, 
 et litterati Orbis tam grande ornamentum, in amicum tibi cooptasti; 
 pulchre similes unit amor, atque in eidem tabulS in secula juncti vivatis, 
 utrique perpetuis nostris encomiis dignissimi, quorum alter Academiam 
 exornat, alter ipsum ornantem. At non a solS istius tabulae diuturnitate 
 utriusque immortalitas aestimanda est. Ilium Motfis Leges et quicquid 
 uspiam coeli terrarumque ab humanS mente capi, quasdam quae a solS 
 Wallisian^ inveniri possunt non morituris descripta voluminibus omnium 
 temporum admirationi consecravere ; patet vero in laudes tuas ipse 
 Oceanus, quem iM tam bene instruct^ classe contravisti, quae et poten- 
 tissimorum hostium, et voracissimorum fluctuum iras potuit contemnere. 
 Tu felicioribus quam uUus unquam Daedalus armamentis naves tuas 
 firmasti, ut navigantium non tantum gloriae fuerint, verum etiam saluti. 
 Tu cert& Ligneis Muris Britanniam munivisti, et quod ad utrumque 
 Polum (sive quiddam novi exploraturi, sive victoriam circumferentes) 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xliii 
 
 On the 26th May, 1703, Samuel Pepys, after long con- 
 tinued suffering, breathed his last in the presence of the 
 learned Dr. George Hickes, the nonjuring Dean of Worces- 
 ter, and the following letter from John Jackson to his uncle's 
 lifelong friend Evelyn contains particulars as to the cause 
 of death : — 
 
 Mr. Jackson to Mr. Evelyn. 
 
 "Clapham, May 28th, 1703. 
 "Friday night. 
 
 " Honoured Sir, 
 
 " 'Tis no small addition to my grief, to be obliged to inter- 
 rupt the quiet of your happy recess with the afflicting tidings of 
 my Uncle Pepys's death : knowing how sensibly you will partake 
 with me herein. But I should not be faithful to his desires, if I 
 did not bee your doing the honour to his memory of accepting 
 mourning from him, as a small instance of his most affectionate 
 respect and honour for you. I have thought myself extremely 
 unfortunate to be out of the way at that only time when you were 
 pleased lately to touch here, and express so great a desire of 
 taking your leave of my Uncle ; which could not but have been 
 admitted by him as a most welcome exception to his general 
 orders against being interrupted ; and I could most heartily wish 
 that the circumstances of your health and distance did not forbid 
 me to ask the favour of your assisting in the holding up of the 
 pawU at his interment, which is intended to be on Thursday next ; 
 for if the manes are affected with what passes below, I am sure 
 this would have been very grateful to his. 
 
 " I must not omit acquainting you, sir, that upon opening his 
 
 vela nostri explicare potuissent, sola tua cura effecit. Alii res arduas 
 mari aggredi ausi sunt, tuum vero profundius ipso Oceano ingenium 
 audaces reddidit; quod mirS arte, sive passis velis sive contractis 
 ageretur, excogitavit, ut id tuto poterant prsestare. Aliorum virtuti 
 forsan debemus, ut res magnae agerentur, sed ut agi potuissent, propria 
 gloria est industriae tme. Fruere ergo felix hSc parte laudis tuse, quae 
 tamdiu duratura est, quamdiu erit in usu Pyxis nautica, aut cursus suos 
 peragent Sidera : quara quidem (omissis aliis rebus a quibus immortali 
 gloria viges) ideo tantum memoramus, ne sis nescius probe nos scire 
 quanto a Viro benevolentia ista in nos conferatur, quam gratis animis 
 amplectimur ut non plus debeant artes atque scientiae Wallisio, neque 
 Reges et Britannia tibi, quam ob hoc praeclarum munus nos tibi obaeratos 
 laeti sentimus, atque optamus ut hoc gratitudinis nostrse testimonium 
 observatissimae in te nostrse mentis viva imago parem cum vestrd famS 
 perennitatis circulum describat, atque adeo sit aeterna. 
 
 " Datum in Domo Convocationis, Vicesimo tertio die Mensis Octobris, 
 Anno Domini millesimo septingesimo secundo. 
 
 " Sigillat : in Domo Convocationis, Vicesimo nono ejusdem Mensis 
 Octobris Annoque Domini supradict." 
 
xliv PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 body, (which the uncommonness of his case required of us, for 
 our own satisfaction as well as public good,) there was found in 
 his left kidney a nest of no less than seven stones, of the most 
 irregular figures your imagination can frame, and weighing to- 
 gether four ounces and a half, but all fast linked together, and 
 adhering to his back ; whereby they solve his having felt no 
 greater pains upon motion, nor other of the ordinary symptoms of 
 the stone. Some other lesser defects there also were in his body, 
 proceeding from the same cause. But his stamina, in general, 
 were marvellously strong, and not only supported him, under the 
 most exquisite pains, weeks beyond all expectations ; but, in the 
 conclusion, contended for nearly forty hours (unassisted by any 
 nourishment) with the very agonies of death, some few minutes 
 excepted, before his expiring, which were very calm. 
 
 " There remains only for me, under this affliction, to beg the 
 consolation and honour of succeeding to your patronage, for my 
 Uncle's sake ; and leave to number myself, with the same sincer- 
 ity he ever did, among your greatest honourers, which I shall 
 esteem as one of the most valuable parts of my inheritances from 
 him ; being also, with the faithfuUest wishes of health and a 
 happy long life to you, 
 
 " Honoured Sir, 
 
 " Your most obedient and 
 
 " Most humble Servant, 
 "J. Jackson. 
 
 " Mr. Hewer, as my Uncle's Executor, and equally your faithful 
 Servant, joins with me in every part hereof. 
 
 " The time of my Uncle's departure was about three-quarters 
 past three on Wednesday morning last."^ 
 
 Evelyn alludes in his Diary to Pepys's death and the 
 
 1 Communicated to Lord Braybrooke by the late Mr. William Upcott. 
 It appears, from the Evelyn Papers in the British Museum (bought at 
 Mr. Upcott's sale), that in September, 1705, Mr. John Jackson made a 
 proposal of marriage to one of Evelyn's grand-daughters, through their 
 common friend, WiUiam Hewer. The alliance was declined solely on 
 account of Jackson's being unable to make an adequate settlement on 
 the young lady; whilst Evelyn (the draught of whose answer is pre- 
 served) courteously acknowledged the respect entertained by him for 
 Pepys's memory, and his sense of his nephew's extraordinary accom- 
 plishments. Mr. Jackson married Anne, daughter of the Rev. John 
 Edgerley, Vicar of Wandsworth, Prebendary of St. Paul's, and Arch- 
 deacon, by Anne, daughter of Blackburn, William Hewer's uncle, 
 
 often mentioned in the Diary. Mr. Jackson left two sons (at whose 
 death, s. p., the male line became extinct) and five daughters, the 
 youngest of whom m.arried John Cockerell, of Bishop's Hall, Somerset, 
 and the present representatives are the family of Pepys Cockerell. 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xlv 
 
 present to him of a suit of mourning. He speaks in very 
 high terms of his friend : — 
 
 "1703, May 26th. This day died Mr. Sam Pepys, a very 
 worthy, industrious, and curious person, none in England ex- 
 ceeding him in knowledge of the navy, in which he had passed 
 thro' all the most considerable offices. Clerk of the Acts and 
 Secretary of the Admiralty, all which he performed with great 
 integrity. When K. James IL went out of England, he laid 
 down his office, and would serve no more, but withdrawing 
 himselfe from all public affaires, he liv'd at Clapham with his 
 partner Mr. Hewer, formerly his clerk, in a very noble and 
 sweete place, where he enjoy'd the fruits of his labours in greate 
 prosperity. He was universally belov'd, hospitable, generous, 
 learned in many things, skill'd in music, a very greate cherisher 
 of learned men of whom he had the conversation. . . . Mr. 
 Pepys had been for neere 40 yeeres so much my particular 
 friend that Mr. Jackson sent me compleat mourning, desiring 
 me to be one to hold up the pall at his magnificent obsequies, 
 but my indisposition hinder'd me from doing him this last 
 office." 
 
 The body was brought from Clapham and buried in St. 
 Olave's Church, Hart Street, on the 5 th June, at nine 
 o'clock at night, in a vault just beneath the monument to 
 the memory of Mrs. Pepys. Dr. Hickes performed the last 
 sad offices for his friend, as described in the following 
 letter: — 
 
 Extract of a letter from Dr. Hickes to Dr. Charhtt. 
 
 "June S, 1703. 
 
 " Last night, at 9 o'clock, I did the last office for your and my 
 good friend, M' Pepys, at S' Olave's Church, where he was laid 
 in a vault of his own makeing, by his wife and brother. 
 
 " The greatness of his behaviour, in his long and sharp tryall 
 before his death, was in every respect answerable to his great 
 life ; and I believe no man ever went out of this world with 
 greater contempt of it, or a more lively faith in every thing that 
 was revealed of the world to come. I administered the Holy 
 Sacrament twice in his illness to him, and had administered it a 
 third time, but for a sudden fit of illness that happened at the 
 appointed time of administering of it. Twice I gave him the ab- 
 solution of the Church, which he desired, and received with all 
 reverence and comfort ; and I never attended any sick or dying 
 person that dyed with so much Christian greatnesse of mind, or 
 a more lively sense of immortality, or so much fortitude and 
 
xlvi PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 patience, in so long and sharp a tryall, or greater resignation to 
 the will, which he most devoutly acknowledged to be the wisdom 
 of God ; and I doubt not but he is now a very blessed spirit, 
 according to his motto, mens cujusque is est quisque. 
 
 "George Hickes."i 
 
 Pepys's faithful friend, Hewer, was his executor, and his 
 nephew, John Jackson, his heir. Mourning was presented 
 to forty persons, and a large number of rings to relations, 
 godchildren, servants, and friends, also to representatives 
 of the Royal Society, of the Universities of Cambridge and 
 Oxford, of the Admiralty, and of the Navy Office. A full 
 list of these is printed at the end of this memoir. The 
 bulk of the property was bequeathed to Jackson, but the 
 money which was left was much less than might have been 
 expected, for at the time of Pepys's death there was a 
 balance of ;^28,oo7 2S. i\d. due to him from the Crown, 
 and none of this was ever paid. The books and other col- 
 lections were left to Magdalene College, Cambridge, but 
 Jackson was to have possession of them during his lifetime. 
 These were the most important portion of Pepys's effects, 
 for with them was the manuscript of the immortal Diary. 
 The following are the directions for the disposition of the 
 library, taken from Harl. MS., No. 7301: — 
 
 "For the further settlement and preservation of my said 
 library, after the death of my nephew John Jackson, I do hereby 
 declare, That could I be sure of a constant succession of heirs 
 from my said nephew, qualified like himself for the use of such a 
 library, I should not entertain a thought of its ever being alien- 
 ated from them. But this uncertainty considered, with the infi- 
 nite pains, and time, and cost employed in my collecting, 
 methodising and reducing the same to the state it now is, I can- 
 not but be greatly solicitous that all possible provision should 
 be made for its unalterable preservation and perpetual security 
 against the ordinary fate of such collections falling into the hands 
 
 1 From the original in the Bodleian Library : — 
 
 " London, June 5. Yesterday, in the evening, were performed the 
 obsequies of Samuel Pepys, Esq., in Crutched-Friars' Church; whither 
 his corpse was brought in a very honourable and solemn manner from 
 Clapham, where he departed this life the 26th day of the last month." 
 — Post Boy, No. 1257, June 5, 1703. 
 
 "June 4th, 1703. — Samuel Peyps, Esq™, buried in a vault by y« 
 Comunion Table." — Register of St. Olave's, Hart Street. 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xlvli 
 
 of an incompetent heir, and thereby being sold, dissipated, or 
 embezzled. And since it has pleased God to visit me in a man- 
 ner that leaves little appearance of being myself restored to a 
 condition of concerting the necessary measures for attaining these 
 ends, I must and do with great confidence rely upon the sincerity 
 and direction of my executor and said nephew for putting in exe- 
 cution the powers given them, by my forementioned will relating 
 hereto, requiring that the same be brought to a determination in 
 twelve months after my decease, and that special regard be had 
 therein to the following particulars which I declare to be my 
 present thoughts and prevailing inclinations in this matter, 
 viz. : — 
 
 " I . That after the death of my said nephew, my said library 
 be placed and for ever settled in one of our universities, and 
 rather in that of Cambridge than Oxford. 
 
 " 2. And rather in a private college there, than in the public 
 library. 
 
 "3. And in the colleges of Trinity or Magdalen preferably to 
 all others. 
 
 " 4. And of these too, cceteris paribus, rather in the latter, for 
 the sake of my own and my nephew's education therein. 
 
 " 5. That in which soever of the two it is, a fair roome be 
 provided therein. 
 
 " 6. And if in Trinity, that the said roome be contiguous to, 
 and have communication with, the new library there. 
 
 "7. And if in Magdalen, that it be in the new building there, 
 and any part thereof at my nephew's election. 
 
 " 8. That my said library be continued in its present form and 
 no other books mixed therein, save what my nephew may add to 
 them of his own collecting, in distinct presses. 
 
 " 9. That the said room and books so placed and adjusted be 
 called by the name of ' Bibliotheca Pepysiana.' 
 
 "10. That this 'Bibliotheca Pepysiana' be under the sole 
 power and custody of the master of the college for the time being, 
 who shall neither himself convey, nor suffer to be conveyed by 
 others, any of the said books from thence to any other place, 
 except to his own lodge in the said college, nor there have more 
 than ten of them at a time ; and that of those also a strict entry 
 be made and account kept, at the time of their having been taken 
 out and returned, in a book to be provided, and remain in the 
 said library for that purpose only. 
 
 "II. That before my said library be put into the possession 
 of either of the said colleges, that college for which it shall be 
 designed, first enter into covenants for performance of the fore- 
 going articles. 
 
 "12. And that for a yet further security herein, the said two 
 colleges of Trinity and Magdalen have a reciprocal check upon 
 
xlviii PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 one another ; and that college which shall be in present posses- 
 sion of the said library, be subject to an annual visitation from 
 the other, and to the forfeiture thereof to the life, possession, and 
 use of the other, upon conviction of any breach of their said cov- 
 enants. "S. Pepys." 
 
 The library and the original book-cases were not trans- 
 ferred to Magdalene College until 1773, when Jackson died, 
 and there they have been preserved in safety ever since. 
 
 A large number of Pepys' s manuscripts appear to have 
 remained unnoticed in York Buildings for some years. 
 They never came into Jackson's hands, and were thus lost 
 to Magdalene College. Dr. Rawlinson afterwards obtained 
 them, and they were included in the bequest of his books 
 to the Bodleian Library. 
 
 Pepys was partial to having his portrait taken, and he sat 
 to Savill, Hales, Lely, and Kneller. Hales' s portrait, 
 painted in 1666, is now in the National Portrait Gallery, 
 and an etching from the original forms the frontispiece to 
 this volume. The portrait by Lely is in the Pepysian 
 Library. Of the three portraits by Kneller, one is in the 
 hall of Magdalene College, another at the Royal Society, 
 and the third was lent to the First Special Exhibition of 
 National Portraits, 1866, by the late Mr. Andrew Pepys 
 Cockerell. Several of the portraits have been engraved, 
 but the most interesting of these are those used by Pepys 
 himself as book-plates. These were both engraved by 
 Robert White, and taken from paintings by Kneller : — 
 
 " I. Portrait in a carved oval frame, bearing inscription ' Sam. 
 Pepys. Car. etI Jac. Angl. Regie, a. Secretis. Admirali/e.' 
 Motto under the frame, ' Mens cujusque is est quisque.' Large 
 book-plate. 
 
 " 2. Portrait in a medallion on a scroll of paper. Motto over 
 the head, ' Mens cujusque is est quisque ; ' underneath the same 
 inscription as on No. i. Small book-plate." 
 
 The church of St. Olave, Hart Street, is intimately asso- 
 ciated with Pepys both in his life and in his death, and for 
 many years the question had been constantly asked by visi- 
 tors, "Where is Pepys's monument?" On Wednesday, 
 July sth, 1882, a meeting was held in the vestry of the 
 church, when an influential committee was appointed, upon 
 

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LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. xlix 
 
 which all the great institutions with which Pepys was con- 
 nected were represented by their masters, presidents, or 
 other officers, with the object of taking steps to obtain an 
 adequate memorial of the Diarist. Mr. (now Sir) Alfred 
 Blomfield, architect of the church, presented an appropriate 
 design for a monument, and sufficient subscriptions having 
 been obtained for the purpose, he superintended its erec- 
 tion. On Tuesday afternoon, March i8th, 1884, the monu-. 
 ment, which was affixed to the wall of the church where the 
 gallery containing Pepys' s pew formerly stood, was unveiled 
 in the presence of a large concourse of visitors. The Earl 
 of Northbrook, First Lord of the Admiralty, consented to 
 unveil the monument, but he was at the last moment pre- 
 vented by public business from attending. The late Mr. 
 Russell Lowell, then the American Minister, took Lord 
 Northbrook' s place, and made a very charming and appre- 
 ciative speech on the occasion, from which the following 
 passages are extracted : — 
 
 " It was proper," his Excellency said, " that he should read a 
 note he had received from Lord Northbrook. This was dated 
 that day frona the Admiralty, and was as follows : — 
 
 " ' My dear Mr. Lowell, 
 
 " ' I am very much annoyed that I am prevented from 
 assisting at the ceremony to-day. It would be very good if you 
 would say that nothing but very urgent business would have 
 kept me away. I was anxious to give my testimony to the merits 
 of Pepys as an Admiralty official, leaving his hterary merits to 
 you. He was concerned with the administration of the Navy 
 from the Restoration to the Revolution, and from 1673 as secre- 
 tary. I believe his merits to be fairly stated in a contemporary 
 account, which I send. 
 
 " ' Yours very truly, 
 
 " ' Northbrook.' 
 
 " The contemporary account, which Lord Northbrook was good 
 enough to send him, said : — 
 
 " ' Pepys was, without exception, the greatest and most use- 
 ful Minister that ever filled the same situations in England, the 
 acts and registers of the Admiralty proving this beyond contra- 
 diction. The principal rules and establishments in present use 
 in these offices are well known to have been of his introducing, 
 and most of the officers serving therein since the Restoration of 
 
1 PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 his bringing-up. He was a most studious promoter and strenu- 
 ous asserter of order and discipline. Sobriety, diligence, capac- 
 ity, loyalty, and subjection to command were essentials required 
 in all whom he advanced. Where any of these were found 
 wanting, no interest or authority was capable of moving him in 
 favour of the highest pretender. Discharging his duty to his 
 Prince and country with a religious application and perfect 
 integrity, he feared no one, courted no one, and neglected his 
 own fortune.' 
 
 "That was a character drawn, it was true, by a friendly hand, 
 but to those who were familiar with the life of Pepys, the praise 
 hardly seemed exaggerated. As regarded his official life, it was 
 unnecessary to dilate upon his peculiar merits, for they all knew 
 how faithful he was in his duties, and they all knew, too, how 
 many faithful officials there were working on in obscurity, who 
 were not only never honoured with a monument but who never 
 expected one. The few words, Mr. Lowell went on to remark, 
 which he was expected to say upon that occasion, therefore, 
 referred rather to what he believed was the true motive which 
 had brought that assembly together, and that was by no means 
 the character of Pepys either as Clerk of the Acts or as Secretary 
 to the Admiralty. This was not the place in which one could 
 go into a very close examination of the character of Pepys as a 
 private man. He would begin by admitting that Pepys was 
 a type, perhaps, of what was now called a ' Philistine.' We had 
 no word in England which was equivalent to the French adjective 
 Bourgeois ; but, at all events, Samuel Pepys was the most perfect 
 type that ever existed of the class of people whom this word 
 described. He had all its merits as well as many of its defects. 
 With all those defects, however — perhaps in consequence of 
 them — Pepys had written one of the most delightful books that 
 it was man's privilege to read in the English language or in any 
 other. Whether Pepys intended this Diary to be afterwards read 
 by the general public or not — and this was a doubtful question 
 when it was considered that he had left, possibly by inadvertence, 
 a key to his cypher behind him — it was certain that he had left 
 with us a most delightful picture, or rather he had left the power 
 in our hands of drawing for ourselves some of the most delightful 
 pictures, of the time in which he lived. There was hardly any 
 book which was analogous to it. . . . If one were asked what 
 were the reasons for liking Pepys, it would be found that they 
 were as numerous as the days upon which he made an entry in 
 his Diary, and surely that was sufficient argument in his favour. 
 There was no book, Mr. Lowell said, that he knew of, or that 
 occurred to his memory, with which Pepys's Diary could fairly 
 be compared, except the journal of L'Estoile, who had the same 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. li 
 
 anxious curiosity and the same commonness, not to say vulgarity 
 of interest, and the book was certainly unique in one respect, 
 and that was the absolute sincerity of the author with himself. 
 Montaigne is conscious that we are looking over his shoulder, 
 and Rousseau secretive in comparison with him. The very fact 
 of that sincerity of the author with himself argued a certain 
 greatness of character. Dr. Hickes, who attended Pepys at his 
 death-bed, spoke of him as ' this great man,' and said he knew 
 no one who died, so greatly. And yet there was something 
 almost of the ridiculous in the statement when the 'greatness' 
 was compared with the garrulous frankness which Pepys showed 
 towards himself. There was no parallel to the character or 
 Pepys, he believed, in respect of naiveti, unless it were found in 
 that of FalstafT, and Pepys showed himself, too, like FalstafF, 
 on terms of unbuttoned familiarity with himself. Falstaff had 
 just the same naiveti, but in FalstafF it was the na'ivetS of con- 
 scious humour. In Pepys it was quite different, for Pepys's 
 naiveti' was the inoffensive vanity of a man who loved to see 
 himself in the glass. Falstaff had a sense, too, of inadvertent 
 humour, but it was questionable whether Pepys could have had 
 any sense of humour at all, and yet permitted himself to be so 
 delightful. There was probably, however, more involuntary 
 humour in Pepys's Diary than there was in any other book 
 extant. When he told his readers of the landing of Charles IL 
 at Dover, for instance, it would be remembered how Pepys 
 chronicled the fact that the Mayor of Dover presented the Prince 
 with a Bible, for which he returned his thanks and said it was 
 the ' most precious Book to him in the world.' Then, again, it 
 would be remembered how, when he received a letter addressed 
 ' Samuel Pepys, Esq.,'' he confesses in the Diary that this pleased 
 him mightily. When, too, he kicked his cookmaid, he admits 
 that he was not sorry for it, but was sorry that the footboy of 
 a worthy knight with whom he was acquainted saw him do it. 
 And the last instance he would mention of poor Pepys's naiveti 
 was when he said in the Diary that he could not help having a 
 certain pleasant and satisfied feeling when Barlow died. Barlow, 
 it must be remembered, received during his life the yearly sum 
 firom Pepys of ;£ioo. The value of Pepys's book was simply 
 priceless, and while there was nothing in it approaching that 
 single page in St. Simon where he described that thunder of 
 courtierly red heels passing from one wing of the Palace to 
 another as the Prince was lying on his death-bed, and favour 
 was to flow from another source, still Pepys's Diary was un- 
 equalled in its peculiar quality of amusement. The lightest part 
 of the Diary was of value, historically, for it enabled one to see 
 London of 200 years ago, and, what was more, to see it with the 
 eager eyes of Pepys. It was not Pepys the official who had 
 
Hi PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 brought that large gathering together that day in honour of hij 
 memory : it was Pepys the Diarist." 
 
 In concluding this account of the chief particulars of 
 Pepys' s life it may be well to add a few words upon the 
 pronunciation of his name. Various attempts appear to 
 have been made to represent this phonetically. Lord Bray- 
 brooke, in quoting the entry of death from St. Olave's 
 Registers, where the spelling is "Peyps," wrote, "This is 
 decisive as to the proper pronunciation of the name." 
 This spelling may show that the name was pronounced as a 
 monosyllable, but it is scarcely conclusive as to anything 
 else, and Lord Braybrooke does not say what he supposes 
 the sound of the vowels to have been. At present there are 
 three pronunciations in use^ — Peps, which is the most usual; 
 Peeps, which is the received one at Magdalene College, and 
 Peppis, which I learn from Mr. Walter C. Pepys is the one 
 used by other branches of the family. Mr. Pepys has paid 
 particular attention to this point, and in his valuable 
 "Genealogy of the Pepys Family" (1887) he has collected 
 seventeen varieties of spelling of the name, which are as 
 follows, the dates of the documents in which the form ap- 
 pears being attached : — I. Pepis(i273); 2. Pepy(i439) 
 3. Pypys (1511); 4- Pipes (1511); 5- Peppis (1518) 
 6. Peppes (1519); 7- Pepes (1520); 8. Peppys (1552) 
 9. Peaps (1636); 10. Pippis (1639); 11. Peapys (1653) 
 12. Peps (1655); 13. Pypes (1656); 14. Peypes (1656) 
 15. Peeps (1679); 16. Peepes (1683); 17. Peyps (1703). 
 Mr. Walter Pepys adds : — 
 
 " The accepted spelling of the name ' Pepys ' was adopted 
 generally about the end of the seventh century, though it occurs 
 many years before that time. There have been numerous ways 
 of pronouncing the name, as ' Peps,' ' Peeps,' and ' Peppis.' 
 The Diarist undoubtedly pronounced it ' Peeps,' and the lineal 
 descendants of his sister Paulina, the family of ' Pepys Cock- 
 erell ' pronounce it so to this day. The other branches of the 
 family all pronounce it as ' Peppis,' and I am led to be satisfied 
 that the latter pronunciation is correct by the two facts that in 
 the earliest known writing it is spelt ' Pepis,' and that the French 
 form of the name is ' Pepy.' " 
 
 The most probable explanation is that the name in the 
 seventeenth century was either pronounced Pips or Popes ; 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. liii 
 
 for both the forms ea and ey would represent the latter 
 pronunciation. The general change in the pronunciation 
 of the spelling ea from ai to ee took place in a large num- 
 ber of words at the end of the seventeenth and beginning of 
 the eighteenth century, and three words at least (yea, 
 break, and great) keep this old pronunciation still. The 
 present Irish pronunciation of English is really the same as 
 the English pronunciation of the seventeenth century, when 
 the most extensive settlement of Englishmen in Ireland 
 took place, and the Irish always pronounce ea like ai (as, 
 He gave him a nate bating = neat beating). Again, the ey 
 of Peyps would rhyme with they and obey. English litera- 
 ture is full of illustrations of the old pronunciation of ea, 
 as in "Hudibras," — 
 
 " Doubtless the pleasure is as great 
 In being cheated as to cheat," — 
 
 which was then a perfect rhyme. In the " Rape of the Lock " 
 tea (tay) rhymes with obey, and in Cowper's verses on Alex- 
 ander Selkirk sea rhymes with survey.^ It is not likely that 
 the pronunciation of the name was fixed, but there is every 
 reason to suppose that the spellings of Peyps and Peaps were 
 intended to represent the sound Papes rather than Peeps. 
 In spite of all the research which has brought to light so 
 many incidents of interest in the life of Samuel Pepys, we 
 cannot but feel how dry these facts are when placed by the 
 side of the living details of the Diary. It is in its pages 
 that the true man is displayed, and it has therefore not 
 been thought necessary here to do more than set down in 
 chronological order such facts as are known of the life out- 
 side the Diary. A fuller "appreciation" of the man must 
 be left for some future occasion. 
 
 H. B. W. 
 
 1 See Ellis's "Early English Pronunciation," part iv.,pp. 1230-1243. 
 
liv 
 
 PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 A List of all the Persons to whom Rings and Mourning 
 
 ■were presented upon the occasion of Mr. Pepys's 
 
 Death and Funeral. 
 
 
 
 Rings of 
 
 Mourning. 
 
 
 20». 
 
 IS"- 
 
 lO". 
 
 
 
 ■ Mr. Sam> and John Jackson, 
 his 2 Nephews 
 
 Captain St. Michel, his 
 brother-in-law 
 
 Ditto, his daughter, Mrs. 
 
 V. V 
 V 
 
 V. 
 
 V. 
 
 V. 
 
 V.V. 
 
 V 
 
 V. 
 
 V. 
 
 V. 
 V. 
 
 V. 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 V 
 
 V. 
 
 V. 
 
 V. 
 V. 
 
 V V 6 lo 
 
 Brd. Pieces 
 to Samuel. 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 
 Relations, 
 
 Dr. Montagu, Dean of 
 Durham 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Roger Pepys, of Imp- 
 
 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Matthews . . 
 
 Mr. Tim. Turner, Minister 
 of Tooting 
 
 fw &c. lo 
 \ Br. Pieces 
 |_to each. 
 
 
 
 
 Godchildren, 
 viz. 
 
 Domestics 
 
 'Mr. Sam' Gale— S. P.'s 
 
 godson 
 
 Lt. Edwards, Ditto 
 
 Mrs. Frances Johnson, his 
 
 goddaughter 
 
 Mrs. Mary Skynner 
 
 ' Ditto, her maid. 
 
 V 
 
 ut his death, ■ 
 viz. 
 
 His own 7 men and women 
 
 
 Mr. Richard Gibson 
 
 Mr. Paul Lorrain 
 
 Ditto, his Wife 
 
 
 John Wetton 
 
 
 Sam' Holcroft 
 
 
 
 
 Carried over 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 '5 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. 
 
 Iv 
 
 Persons. 
 
 Kings ,of 
 
 20". 15'. 10'. 
 
 Mourning. 
 
 Mr. Pepys's 
 former ser- 
 vants and 
 dependents, 
 
 Retainers 
 General, viz. 
 
 Mr. Hewer's 
 Relations. 
 
 Domestics. 
 
 Qapham. 
 
 Brought over 
 
 ' Mrs. Jane Penny 
 
 Mrs. Jane Fane 
 
 Mrs. Mary Ballard 
 
 Ditto, her Husband 
 
 Mrs. Eliza Hughson 
 
 Ditto, her Husband 
 
 nu • ■ I Dr. Sloane . . 
 Physicians | j^^ shadwell 
 
 Chirurgeon, Serj' Bernard . 
 Apothecary, Mr. Ethersey 
 
 Lawyer, Judge Powis . 
 
 Scrivener, Mr. West 
 
 Ditto, his Clerk, Mr. Martin 
 Goldsmith, S' R* Hoare . . 
 Ditto, his Foreman, Mr, 
 
 Arnold 
 
 Bookbinder, Mr. Beresford 
 Ditto,hisSewer,Mr.Wetton 
 
 Self, as Executor 
 
 f Mr. Saml and 
 
 Mrs 
 
 Edgley, .j Do. , their 3 Chil- 
 dren 
 
 Mr. Arthur 
 
 Blackbourn, Mr. W" and 
 Isaac 
 
 iMrs.the Mother 
 Ditto, 2 Daugh- 
 ters, Eliz. and 
 Margaret . . . 
 
 Mr. John I JJ^^ 
 
 Sergison,Mr. [office. 
 
 Mr. Forbes, Chaplain . . . 
 
 Mr. Foster, Steward .... 
 
 Ditto, his Wife 
 
 'Mr. Saville, the Minister. 
 
 Mr. Home, late Lecturer 
 
 Mr. Pritchard, present 
 ditto 
 
 Mr. Urban HaU 
 
 _ Mr. Juxon 
 
 V v 
 V 
 
 IS 
 V 6 5 Gns. 
 
 V 
 
 vv 
 
 Carried over 
 
 16 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
Ivi 
 
 PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 Persons. 
 
 Rings of 
 
 Mourning. 
 
 15". lO". 
 
 Royal 
 Society. 
 
 Cambridge. 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 Admiralty. 
 
 Com- 
 missioners. 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Navy Clerks. 
 
 Auditors. 
 
 Qergy. 
 
 Brought over 
 Sir John Hoskins, Vice- 
 President 
 
 Mr. Abraham Hill 
 
 Mr. Hunt, Operator 
 
 "Dr. Quadring, Master of 
 
 Magdalene College . . 
 Dr. Bentley, Master of 
 
 Trinity College 
 
 Dr. Aldrich, Dean of Christ 
 
 Church 
 
 Dr. Wallis, Professor . . . 
 Dr. Gregory, Ditto .... 
 Dr. Charlett, Master of 
 
 University College 
 
 ' Mr. Burchett, Secretary . , 
 Sir Thos. Littleton, Treas 
 
 urer, a Supporter 
 
 Sir Richard Haddock, Con 
 
 troller 
 
 Mr. Furzer, Surveyor .... 
 Mr. Sergison, Clerk of the 
 
 Acts 
 
 Mr. Atkins 
 
 Mr. ToUett 
 
 Mr. Hammond 
 
 Mr. Lyddall 
 
 Mr. Greenhill 
 
 Mr. Timewell 
 
 Mr. Johnson 
 
 Mr. John Crawley 
 
 Housekeeper, Mrs. Griffin, 
 
 Principal, Mr. {H^g-; 
 
 Deputys,Mr. {Mo°^[,:;: 
 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 
 Bishop of London 
 
 Dean of Worcester, Dr. 
 Hickes, who performed 
 the service 
 
 Dr. Smith 
 
 Dr. Millington 
 
 Dr. Gibson 
 
 16 
 
 28 
 v. 
 
 V. 
 
 28 
 
 V. 
 V. 
 
 Carried over 
 
 29 
 
 44 
 
 JS 
 
 32 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. 
 
 Ivii 
 
 Persons. 
 
 Kings of 
 
 20B. I5B. IQB. 
 
 Mourning. 
 
 Sir. 
 
 Laity. 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Brought over 
 
 Archdeacon Baynard 
 
 Mr. Coppin, Minister of 
 
 Cmtched Fryers 
 
 Ditto, his Reader 
 
 Earl of Clarendon, a Sup- 
 porter 
 
 Earl of Feversham, Ditto . 
 Hon'" Mr. Hatton, Ditto. 
 Hon'" Mr. Vernon, Ditto. 
 
 Ant" Deane, Ditto 
 
 W" Hodges 
 
 Ditto, his Son, Mr. Hodges 
 Ditto, his Partner, Mr. 
 
 Haines 
 
 Sir Henry Shere 
 
 Sir Richard Dutton . , 
 
 Sir William Gore 
 
 Bowdler, Thomas 
 
 Degaleniere, Mons' et 
 
 Mad"' 
 
 Dubois, Charles 
 
 Evelyn, John, Grandfather 
 
 and Grandson 
 
 Gauden, Benjamin 
 
 Houblon, Wynne and 
 
 James 
 
 Houghton, Apothecary. 
 
 Hunter, Samuel 
 
 Isted 
 
 Lowndes 
 
 Martin, Joseph, Father and 
 
 Son 
 
 Monro 
 
 Mussard 
 
 Nelson 
 
 Penn, William 
 
 Snow, Ralph 
 
 Wind, Captain 
 
 Memorandum. — That 2 of the Rings" 
 placed in the 15' Column were of the 
 20" sort, and given to 2 (but which un- 
 certain) of the 1 7 Persons thus marked. 
 
 Carried over 
 
 29 
 
 V v 
 
 V 
 
 'S 
 
 32 
 
 V Grand- 
 father 
 
 42 64 16 
 
 40 
 
Iviii 
 
 PARTICULARS OF THE 
 
 Persons. 
 
 Rings of 
 
 Mourning. 
 
 so". 
 
 15". 
 
 IO». 
 
 
 Brought over 
 v; so that the true number of each sort • 
 distributed, either at the Funeral or 
 since, to this 31st Dec, I7l0,hasbeen 
 provided as per Sir R. Hoare's account 
 thereof 
 
 42 
 45 
 
 64 
 62 
 
 16 
 16 
 
 40 
 
 
 46 
 
 45 
 
 62 
 62 
 
 20 
 
 l6 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 Remaining in J. J.'s^ hands, accompany- 
 ing monumental pieces of gold 
 
 I 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 Memorandum. — Also, That to the Persons thus marked, v., the Rings, 
 &c. were delivered or sent as opportunity served; the rest v/ere pres- 
 ent at the Funeral. 
 Memorandum. — That Tickets vpere likewise directed to the foUovring 
 Persons, who did not come to the Funeral, nor had Rings; some of 
 them being then at Sea, and others in the Country, viz. — 
 ■ Sir George Rook 
 Mr. Bridges 
 Mr. Hill 
 Mr. ChurchUl 
 Sir David Mitchell 
 Mr. Clerk, Secretary 
 Naw / ^'"^ Cloudesly Shovel 
 ^' \ Sir Thomas Hopson 
 ' Colonel Graham 
 Mr. Henry Thynne 
 Mr. Blaithwait 
 Mr. Southwell 
 Sir Benjamin Bathurst 
 Captain David Lloyd. 
 
 Admiralty. ■ 
 
 Council. 
 
 Commissioners. 
 
 Friends, indefinite. - 
 
 Mr. Pepys's Verbal Request, after Execution of his Will, viz. 
 Money. — To be distributed amongst Mr. Hewer's Servants £,20 
 
 IMrs. Skynner, Mr. Hewer, and J. J., 50 Pounds worth each, 
 made good to them as per Schedules and Receipts. 
 Mr. West, some small Piece, made good to him by large 
 pair of Tumblers, weighing 2302. lodwts. 
 
 * John Jackson. 
 
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPYS. 
 
 lix 
 
 The Poor of the 
 Parish of 
 
 To 
 
 Pictures and Goods to Mrs. Skynner, as per Schedule and Receipt. 
 Voluntary Presents and Benevolences, distributed per J. J., in respect 
 to Mr. Pepys's Memory, viz. — 
 
 ' Clapham, where he died. ... ;^S o 
 Crutched Fryars, where he 
 
 was buried lo o 
 
 ' Several Relations, Friends, Former Ser- ) £^3 12 o 
 
 vants and others, as per J. J.'s particular I .o ,_ 
 account thereof, delivered to Mr. Hew- | "^ 
 
 er, amounting in 1 7 articles to J 
 
 Messrs. Wynne and James Houblon, their Father's, Mother's, 
 
 and Grandfather's Pictures. 
 Monsieur Degaleniere, the 1st Edition of Bayle's Dictionary, in 
 Two Vols., fol. 
 
SILVER CUP PRESENTED BY SAMUEL PEPYS TO THE 
 CLOTHWORKERS' COMPANY. 
 
THE 
 
 DIARY OF SAMUEL PEPYS. 
 
 1659-60.* 
 
 Blessed be God, at the end of the last year I was in very 
 good health, without any sense of my old pain, but upon 
 taking of cold.^ I lived in Axe Yard," having my wife, and 
 
 1 The year did not legally begin in England before the 25th March 
 until the act for altering the style fixed the ist of January as the first 
 day of the year, and previous to 1752 the year extended from March 
 25th to the following March 24th. Thus since 1752 we have been in 
 the habit of putting the two dates for the months of January and Feb- 
 ruary and March i to 24 in all years previous to 1752. Practically, 
 however, many persons considered the year to commence with January 
 1st, as it will be seen Pepys did. The ist of January was considered 
 as New Year's day long before Pepys's time. The fiscal year has not 
 been altered, and the national accounts are still reckoned from old Lady 
 Day, which falls on the 6th of April. 
 
 ^ Pepys was successfully cut for the stone on March 26th, 1658. 
 See March 25th below. Although not suffering from this cause again 
 until the end of his life, there are frequent references in the Diary to 
 pain whenever he caught cold. In a letter from Pepys to his nephew 
 Jackson, April 8th, 1700, there is a reference to the breaking out three 
 years before his death of the wound caused by the cutting for the stone : 
 " It has been my calamity for much the greatest part of this time to 
 have been kept bedrid, under an evil so rarely known as to have had 
 it matter of universal surprise and with little less general opinion of its 
 dangerousness; namely, that the cicatrice of a wound occasioned upon 
 my cutting for the stone, without hearing anything of it in all this time, 
 should after more than 40 years' perfect cure, break out again." At 
 the post-mortem examination a nest of seven stones, weighing four 
 and a half ovmces, was found in the left kidney, which was entirely 
 ulcerated. 
 
 ' Pepys's house was on the south side of King Street, Westminster; 
 it is singular that when he removed to a residence in the city, he shouV 
 
2 DIARY OF Jan. i 
 
 servant Jane, and no more in family than us three. My 
 wife . . . gave me hopes of her being with child, but on 
 the last day of the year . . . [the hope was belied]. 
 
 The condition of the State was thus; viz. the Rump, after 
 being disturbed by my Lord Lambert,^ was lately returned 
 to sit again. The officers of the Army all forced to yield. 
 Lawson ^ lies still in the river, and Monk ^ is with his army 
 
 have settled close to another Axe Yard. Fludyer Street stands on the 
 site of Axe Yard, which derived its name from a great messuage or 
 brew-house on the west side of King Street, called "The Axe," and 
 referred to in a document of the 23rd of Henry VIII. — B. 
 
 1 John Lambert, major-general in the Parliamentary army. The 
 title Lord was not his by right, but it was frequently given to the 
 republican officers. He was born in 1619, at Calton Hall, in the parish 
 of Kirkby-in-Malham-Dale, in the West Riding of Yorkshire. In 1642 
 he was appointed captain of horse under Fairfax, and acted as major- 
 general to Cromwell in 1650 during the war in Scotland. After this 
 Parliament conferred on him a grant of lands in Scotland worth ;f 1,000 
 per annum. He refused to take the oath of allegiance to Cromwell, 
 for which the Protector deprived him of his commission. After Crom- 
 well's death he tried to set up a military government. The Commons 
 cashiered Lambert, Desborough, and other officers, October 12th, 1659, 
 but Lambert retaliated by thrusting out the Commons, and set out to 
 meet Monk. His men fell away from him, and he was sent to the 
 Tower, March 3rd, 1660, but escaped. In 1662 he was tried on a 
 charge of high treason and condemned, but his life was spared. It is 
 generally stated that he passed the remainder of his life in the island 
 of Guernsey, but this is proved to be incorrect by a MS. in the Plymouth 
 Athenaeum, entitled " Plimmouth Memoirs collected by James Yonge, 
 1684." This will be seen from the following extracts quoted by Mr. 
 R. J. King, in "Notes and Queries," 1st S., iv. 340: " 1667 Lambert 
 the arch-rebel brought to this island [St. Nicholas, at the entrance 
 of Plymouth harbour]." " 1683 Easter day Lambert that olde rebell 
 dyed this winter on Plimmouth Island where he had been prisoner 
 15 years and more." 
 
 ^ Sir John Lawson, the son of a poor man at Hull, entered the navy 
 as a common sailor, rose to the rank of admiral, and distinguished him- 
 self during the Protectorate. Though a republican, he readily closed 
 with the design of restoring the King. He was vice-admiral under the 
 Earl of Sandwich, and commanded the " London " in the squadron 
 which conveyed Charles 11. to England. He was mortally wounded 
 in the action with the Dutch off Harwich, June, 1665. He must not 
 be confounded with another John Lawson, the Royalist, of Brough 
 Hall, in Yorkshire, who was created a Baronet by Charles II., July 
 6th, 1665. 
 
 ' George Monk, born 1608, created Duke of Albemarle, 1660, 
 married Ann Clarges, March, 1654, died January 3rd, 1676. 
 
l6s9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 3 
 
 in Scotland. Only my Lord Lambert is not yet come into 
 the Parliament, nor is it expected that he will without being 
 forced to it. The new Common Council of the City do 
 speak very high; and had sent to Monk their sword-bearer, 
 to acquaint him with their desires for a free and full Parlia- 
 ment, which is at present the desires, and the hopes, and 
 expectation of all. Twenty- two of the old secluded mem- 
 bers ^ having been at the House-door the last week to demand 
 entrance, but it was denied them ; and it is believed that 
 [neither] they nor the people will be satisfied till the House 
 be filled. My own private condition very handsome, and 
 esteemed rich, but indeed very poor; besides my goods of 
 my house, and my office, which at present is somewhat 
 uncertain. Mr. Downing master of my office.^ 
 
 Jan. ist (Lord's day). This morning (we living lately in 
 the garret,) I rose, put on my suit with great skirts, having 
 not lately worn any other clothes bu): them. Went to Mr. 
 
 1 " The City sent and invited him [Monk] to dine the next day at 
 Guildhall, and there he declared for the members whom the army had 
 forced away in year forty-seven and forty-eight, who were known by 
 the names of secluded members." — Burnet's Hist, of his Own Time, 
 book i. 
 
 2 George Downing was one of the Four Tellers of the Receipt of 
 the Exchequer, and in his office Pepys was a clerk. He was the son of 
 Emmanuel Downing of the Inner Temple, afterwards of Salem, Massa- 
 chusetts, and of Lucy, sister of Governor John Winthrop. He is sup- 
 posed to have been born in August, 1623. He and his parents went 
 to New England in 1 638, and he was the second graduate of Harvard 
 College. He returned to England about 1645, and acted as Colonel 
 Okey's chaplain before he entered into political life. Anthony k Wood 
 (who incorrectly describes him as the son of Dr. Calybute Downing, 
 vicar of Hackney) calls Downing a sider with all times and changes : 
 skilled in the common cant, and a preacher occasionally. He was 
 sent by Cromwell to Holland in 1657, as resident there. At the Res- 
 toration, he espoused the King's cause, and was knighted and elected 
 M.P. for Morpeth, in 1661. Afterwards, becoming Secretary to the 
 Treasury and Commissioner of the Customs, he was in 1663 created a 
 Baronet of East Hatley, in Cambridgeshire, and was again sent Ambas- 
 sador to Holland. His grandson of the same name, who died in 1749, 
 was the founder of Downing College, Cambridge. The title became 
 extinct in 1764, upon the decease of Sir John Gerrard Downing, 
 the last heir-male of the family. Sir George Downing's character 
 will be found in Lord Clarendon's " Life," vol. iii. p. 4. Pepys's 
 opinion seems to be somewhat of a mixed kind. He died in July, 
 1684. 
 
4 DIARY OF Jan. 1-2 
 
 Gunning's^ chapel at Exeter House," where he made a very 
 good sermon upon these words : — " That in the fulness of 
 time God sent his Son, made of a woman," &c. ; showing, 
 that, by "made under the law," is meant his circumcision, 
 which' is solemnized this day. Dined at home in the garret, 
 where my wife dressed the remains of a turkey, and in the 
 doing of it she burned her hand. I staid at home all the 
 afternoon, looking over my accounts; then went with my 
 wife to my father's, and in going observed the great posts 
 which the City have set up at the Conduit in Fleet-street' 
 Supt at my father's, where in came Mrs. The. Turner* and 
 Madam Morrice, and supt with us. After that my wife and 
 I went home with them, and so to our own home. 
 
 2nd. In the morning before I went forth old East brought 
 me a dozen of bottles of sack, and I gave him a shilling for 
 his pains. Then I went to Mr. Sheply,^ who was drawing of 
 sack in the wine cellar to send to other places as a gift from 
 my Lord, and told me that my Lord had given him order 
 to give me the dozen of bottles. Thence I went to the 
 
 1 Peter Gunning, afterwards Master of St. John's College, Cambridge, 
 and successively Bishop of Chichester and Ely. He had continued to 
 read the Liturgy at the chapel at Exeter House when the Parliament 
 was most predominant, for which Cromwell often rebuked him. Evelyn 
 relates that on Christmas Day, 1657, the chapel was surrounded with 
 soldiers, and the congregation taken prisoners, he and his wife being 
 among them. There are several notices of Dr. Gunning in Evelyn's 
 Diary. When he obtained the mastership of St. John's College upon 
 the ejection of Dr. Tuckney, he allowed that Nonconformist divine a 
 handsome annuity during his life. He was a great controversialist, 
 and a man of great reading. Burnet says he " was a very honest sin- 
 cere man, but of no sound judgment, and of no prudence in affairs" 
 ("Hist, of his Own Time"). He died July 6th, 1684, aged seventy- 
 one. 
 
 2 Exeter House, which stood on the north side of the Strand, to the 
 east of Bedford House, was built by Sir William Cecil, Lord Burghley, 
 whose eldest son was created first Earl of Exeter. It was also known 
 as Cecil and Burleigh House. Exeter Street and Burleigh Street mark 
 the site of the house. 
 
 ' The conduit was situated near the north end of Salisbury Square. 
 Monk's lodgings were close by. 
 
 * Theophila Turner, daughter of Sergeant John and Jane Turner, 
 who married Sir Arthur Harris, Bart. She died 1686. 
 
 ' W. Shepley was a servant of Admiral Sir Edward Montagu (after- 
 wards Earl of Sandwich), with whom Pepys was frequently brought in 
 contact. He was steward at Hinchinbroke. 
 
i6s9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. S 
 
 Temple to speak with Mr. Calthropp about the ;^6o due to 
 my Lord/ but missed of him, he being abroad. Then I 
 went to Mr. Crew's^ and borrowed ;;fio of Mr. Andrewes 
 for my own use, and so went to my office, where there was 
 nothing to do. Then I wallced a great while in Westminster 
 Hall, where I heard that Lambert was coming up to Lon- 
 don; that my Lord Fairfax' was in the head of the Irish 
 
 1 Sir Edward Montagu, born 1625, son of Sir Sidney Montagu, 
 by Paulina, daughter of John Pepys of Cottenham, married Jemima, 
 daughter of John Crew of Stene. He died in action against the Dutch 
 in Southwold Bay, May 28th, 1672. The title of "My Lord" here 
 applied to Montagu before he was created Earl of Sandwich is of the 
 same character as that given to General Lambert. 
 
 ^ John Crew, born 1598, eldest son of Sir Thomas Crew, Sergeant- 
 at-Law and Speaker of the House of Commons. He sat for Brackley 
 in the Long Parliament. Created Baron Crew of Stene, in the county 
 of Northampton, at the coronation of Charles IL He married Jemima, 
 daughter and co-heir of Edward Walgrave (or Waldegrave) of Law- 
 ford, Essex. His house was in Lincoln's Inn Fields. He died Decem- 
 ber I2th, 1679. 
 
 2 Thomas, Lord Fairfax, Generalissimo of the Parliament forces. 
 After the Restoration, he retired to his coiintry seat, where he lived in 
 private till his death, 1671. In a volume (autograph) of Lord Fairfax's 
 Poems, preserved in the British Museum, H744, f. 42, the following 
 lines occur upon the 30th of January, on which day the King was 
 beheaded. It is believed that they have never been printed. 
 
 " O let that day from time be bloted quitt. 
 And beleef of 't in next age be waved. 
 In depest silence that act concealed might. 
 
 That so the creadet of our nation might be saved; 
 But if the powre devine hath ordered this, 
 His will's the law, and our must aquiess." 
 
 These wretched verses have obviously no merit; but they are curious 
 as showing that Fairfax, who had refused to act as one of Charles I.'s 
 judges, continued long afterwards to entertain a proper horror for that 
 unfortunate monarch's fate. It has recently been pointed out to me, 
 that the lines were not originally composed by Fairfax, being only a 
 poor translation of the spirited lines of Statius (Sylvarum lib. v. cap. ii. 
 1. 88) : — 
 
 " Excidat ilia dies sevo, ne postera credant 
 Secula, nos certfe taceamus ; et obruta multS 
 Nocte tegi proprise patiamur crimina gentis." 
 
 These verses were first applied by the President de Thou to the massacre 
 of St. Bartholomew, 1572; and in our day, by Mr. Pitt, in his memora- 
 ble speech in the House of Commons, January, 1793, after the murder 
 of Louis XVL — B. 
 
6 DIARY OF Jan. 2-4 
 
 brigade, but it was not certain what he would declare for. 
 The House was to-day upon finishing the act for the Council 
 of State, which they did; and for the indemnity to the 
 soldiers; and were to sit again thereupon in the afternoon. 
 Great talk that many places have declared for a free Parlia- 
 ment; and it is believed that they will be forced to fill up 
 the House with the old members. From the Hall I called 
 at home, and so went to Mr. Crew's (my wife she was to 
 go to her father's), thinking to have dined, but I came too 
 late, so Mr. Moore ^ and I and another gentleman went out 
 and drank a cup of ale together in the new market,^ and 
 there I eat some bread and cheese for my dinner. After 
 that Mr. Moore and I went as far as Fleet-street together 
 and parted, he going into the City, I to find Mr. Calthrop, 
 but failed again of finding him, so returned to Mr. Crew's 
 again, and from thence went along with Mrs. Jemimah* 
 home, and there she taught me how to play at cribbage.* 
 Then I went home, and finding my wife gone to see Mrs. 
 Hunt, I went to Will's,^ and there sat with Mr. Ashwell talk- 
 ing and singing till nine o'clock, and so home, there, hav- 
 ing not eaten anything but bread and cheese, my wife cut 
 me a slice of brawn which I received from my Lady,^ which 
 
 ^ This gentleman was a connection of Sir Edward Montagu's, whose 
 daughter Jemima he wanted to marry, but he was not received with 
 favour by her (see January 17th, 1659-60). 
 
 ^ Clare Market, named after John Holies, Earl of Clare, was at first 
 known as New Market. John Willis's " Mnemonica, or the Art of 
 Memory," was published in 1661, by "Leonard Sowerby at the Turn- 
 stile near New Market in Lincoln's Inn Fields." 
 
 2 Mrs. Jemimah, or Mrs. Jem, was Jemima, eldest daughter of Sir 
 Edward Montagu. At this time she and her sister, Mrs. Ann, seem to 
 have been living alone with their maids in London, and Pepys's duty 
 was to look after them. 
 
 ■* Pepys does not appear to have made any progress in learning the 
 game, for on May 15th he writes that he cannot play it. "The game 
 at cribbidge " is described in the "Complete Gamester," 1677, and 
 subsequent editions. 
 
 ^ Pepys constantly visited "Will's" about this time; but this could 
 not be the famous coffee-house in Covent Garden, because he mentions 
 visiting there for the first time, February 3rd, 1663-64. It was most 
 probably the house of William Joyce, who kept a place of entertain- 
 ment at Westminster (see Jan. 29th). 
 
 " Jemima, wife of Sir Edward Montagu, daughter of John Crew of 
 Stene, afterwards Lord Crew. 
 
i6s9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 7 
 
 proves as good as ever I had any. So to bed, and my wife 
 had a very bad night of it through wind and cold. 
 
 3rd. I went out in the morning, it being a great frost, 
 and walked to Mrs. Turner's^ to stop her from coming to 
 see me to-day, because of Mrs. Jem's coming, thence I went 
 to the Temple to speak with Mr. Calthrop, and walked in 
 his chamber an hour, but could not see him, so went to 
 Westminster, where I found soldiers in my office to receive 
 money, and paid it them. At noon went home, where 
 Mrs. Jem, her maid, Mr. Sheply, Hawly, and Moore dined 
 with me on a piece of beef and cabbage, and a collar of 
 brawn. We then fell to cards till dark, and then I went 
 home with Mrs. Jem, and meeting Mr. Hawly got him to 
 bear me company to Chancery Lane, where I spoke with 
 Mr. Calthrop, he told me that Sir James Calthrop was lately 
 dead, but that he would write to his Lady, that the money 
 may be speedily paid. Thence back to White Hall, where 
 I understood that the Parliament had passed the act for 
 indemnity to the soldiers and officers that would come in, 
 in so many days, and that my Lord Lambert should have 
 benefit of the said act. They had also voted that all 
 vacancies in the House, by the death of any of the old 
 members, shall be filled up; but those that are living shall 
 not be called in. Thence I went home, and there found 
 Mr. Hunt and his wife, and Mr. Hawly, who sat with me 
 till ten at night at cards, and so broke up and to bed. 
 
 4th. Early came Mr. Vanly ^ to me for his half-year's rent, 
 which I had not in the house, but took his man to the office 
 and there paid him. Then I went down into the Hall and 
 to Will's, where Hawly brought a piece of his Cheshire 
 cheese, and we were merry with it. Then into the Hall 
 again, where I met with the Clerk and Quarter Master of my 
 Lord's troop, and took them to the Swan* and gave them 
 
 1 Jane, daughter of John Pepys of South Creake, Norfolk, married 
 to John Turner, Sergeant-at-law, Recorder of York; their only child, 
 Theophila, frequently mentioned as The. or Theoph., became the wife 
 of Sir Arthur Harris, Bart., of Stowford, Devon, and died 1 686, s. p. 
 
 * Mr. Vanley appears to have been Pepys's landlord; he is men- 
 tioned again in the Diary on September 20th, 1 660. 
 
 " Pepys visited several Swan taverns, so that it is impossible to say 
 which one is here referred to. It might have been either the one in 
 the Palace Yard or the one in King Street, Westminster. 
 
8 DIARY OF Jan. 4-S 
 
 their morning's draft,' they being just come to town. Mr. 
 Jenkins shewed me two bills of exchange for money to 
 receive upon my Lord's and my pay. It snowed hard all 
 this morning, and was very cold, and my nose was much 
 swelled with cold. Strange the difference of men's talk! 
 Some say that Lambert must of necessity yield up; others, 
 that he is very strong, and that the Fif th-monarchy-men ^ 
 [will] stick to him, if he declares for a free Parliament. 
 Chillington was sent yesterday to him with the vote of pardon 
 and indemnity from the Parliament. From the Hall I came 
 home, where I found letters from Hinchinbroke ^ and news 
 of Mr. Sheply's going thither the next week. I dined at 
 home, and from thence went to Will's to Shaw, who prom- 
 ised me to go along with me to Atkinson's about some 
 money, but I found him at cards with Spicer * and D. Vines,* 
 and could not get him along with me. I was vext at this, 
 and went and walked in the Hall, where I heard that the 
 Parliament spent this day in fasting and prayer; and in the 
 afternoon came letters from the North, that brought certain 
 news that my Lord Lambert his forces were all forsaking 
 him, and that he was left with only fifty horse, and that he 
 
 ' It was not usual at this time to sit down to breakfast, but instead 
 a morning draught was taken at a tavern. 
 
 2 The rising of the Fifth Monarchy men is described later on. 
 
 ' Hinchinbroke was Sir Edward Montagu's seat, from which he 
 afterwards took his second title. Hinchinbroke House, so often men- 
 tioned in the Diary, stood about half a mile to the westward of the 
 town of Huntingdon. It was erected late in the reign of Elizabeth, 
 by Sir Henry Cromwell, on the site of a Benedictine nunnery, granted 
 at the Dissolution, with all its appurtenances, to his father, Richard 
 Williams, who had assumed the name of Cromwell, and whose grand- 
 son, Sir Oliver, was the uncle and godfather of the Protector. The 
 knight, who was renowned for his hospitality, had the honour of enter- 
 taining King James at Hinchinbroke, but, getting into pecuniary diffi- 
 culties, was obliged to sell his estates, which were conveyed, July 28th, 
 1627, to Sir Sidney Montagu of Barnwell, father of the first Earl of 
 Sandwich, in whose descendant they are still vested. On the morning, 
 of the 22nd January, 1830, during the minority of the seventh Earl, 
 Hinchinbroke was almost entirely destroyed by fire, but the pictures 
 and furniture were mostly saved, and the house has been rebuilt in the 
 Elizabethan style, and the interior greatly improved, under the direction 
 of Edward Blore, Esq., R.A. — B. 
 
 * Dick Spicer, afterwards a brother clerk with Pepys of the Privy 
 Seal. 
 
 ' Dick Vines. 
 
i6s9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 9 
 
 did now declare for the Parliament himself; and that my 
 Lord Fairfax did also rest satisfied, and had laid down his 
 arms, and that what he had done was only to secure the 
 country against my Lord Lambert his raising of money, 
 and free quarter. I went to Will's again, where I found 
 them still at cards, and Spicer had won 14^-. of Shaw and 
 Vines. Then I spent a little time with G. Vines ^ and May- 
 lard at Vines's at our viols.'' So home, and from thence to 
 Mr. Hunt's, and sat with them and Mr. Hawly at cards till 
 ten at night, and was much made of by them. Home and 
 so to bed, but much troubled with my nose, which was much 
 swelled. 
 
 5 th. I went to my office, where the money was again 
 expected from the Excise office, but none brought, but was 
 promised to be sent this afternoon. I dined with Mr. Sheply, 
 at my Lord's lodgings, upon his turkey-pie. And so to my 
 office again; where the Excise money was brought, and some 
 of it told to soldiers till it was dark. Then I went home, 
 and after writing a letter to my Lord and told him the news 
 that"4he Parliament hath this night voted that the members 
 that were discharged from sitting in the years 1648 and 49, 
 were duly discharged; and that there should be writs issued 
 presently for the calling of others in their places, and that 
 Monk and Fairfax were commanded up to town, and that 
 the Prince's lodgings^ were to be provided for Monk at 
 Whitehall. Then my wife and I, it being a great frost, went 
 to Mrs. Jem's, in expectation to eat a sack-posset, but Mr. 
 Edward* not coming it was put off; and so I left my wife 
 playing at cards with her, and went myself with my lanthorn 
 to Mr. Fage, to consult concerning my nose, who told me 
 it was nothing but cold, and after that we did discourse 
 concerning public business; and he told me it is true the 
 City had not time enough to do much, but they are resolved 
 
 1 George Vines. 
 
 ' It was usual to have a " chest of viols," vchich consisted of six, viz., 
 two trebles, two tenors, and two basses (see note in North's " Memoirs 
 of Slusick," ed. Rimbault, p. 70). The bass viol was also called the 
 viola da gavita, because it was held between the legs. 
 
 3 Later on (January gth) it is said that Bradshaw's lodgings were 
 being prepared for Monk. 
 
 * Edward Montagu, son of Sir Edward, and afterwards Lord Hinch- 
 inbroke. 
 
10 DIARY OF Jan. 5-8 
 
 to shake off the soldiers; and that unless there be a free 
 Parliament chosen, he did believe there are half the Com- 
 mon Council will not levy any money by order of this Par- 
 liament. From thence I went to my father's, where I found 
 Mrs. Ramsey and her grandchild, a pretty girl, and staid a 
 while and talked with them and my mother, and then took 
 my leave, only heard of an invitation to go to dinner to-mor- 
 row to my cosen Thomas Pepys.^ I went back to Mrs. Jem, 
 and took my wife and Mrs. Sheply, and went home. 
 
 6th. This morning Mr. Sheply and I did eat our breakfast 
 at Mrs. Harper's, (my brother John^ being with me,) upon 
 a cold turkey-pie and a goose. From thence I went to my 
 office, where we paid money to the soldiers till one o'clock, 
 at which time we made an end, and I went home and took 
 my wife and went to my cosen, Thomas Pepys, and found 
 them just sat down to dinner, which was very good; only 
 the venison pasty was palpable beef, which was not hand- 
 some. After dinner I took my leave, leaving my wife with 
 my cozen Stradwick,' and went to Westminster to Mr. Vines, 
 where George * and I fiddled a good while, Dick and his 
 wife (who was lately brought to bed) and her sister being 
 there, but Mr. Hudson not coming according to his promise, 
 I went away, and calling at my house on the wench, I took 
 her and the lanthorn with me to my cosen Stradwick, where, 
 after a good supper, there being there my father, mother, 
 brothers, and sister, my cosen Scott* and his wife, Mr. 
 Drawwater and his wife, and her brother, Mr. Stradwick, 
 we had a brave cake brought us, and in the choosing, Pall ° 
 
 1 Thomas Pepys, probably the son of Thomas Pepys of London 
 (born 1595), brother of Samuel's father, John Pepys. 
 
 ^ John Pepys was born in 1641, and his brother Samuel took great 
 interest in his welfare, but he did not do any great credit to his elder. 
 He took orders in 1666, and in 1670 was, through the influence of his 
 brother Samuel, appointed Clerk to the Trinity House. In 1674 he 
 was appointed joint Clerk of the Acts with Thomas Hayter. He died 
 in March, 1676-77, leaWng some debts which Samuel paid. 
 
 " Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Pepys, Lord Chief Justice of Ire- 
 land, and wife of Thomas Stradwick. 
 
 * George Vines and Dick Vines. 
 
 * J. Scott was husband of Judith, another daughter of Chief Justice 
 Richard Pepys. 
 
 ^ Paulina, sister of Samuel, who was born 1640, and married John 
 Jackson of Brampton, co. Hunts. She had two sons, Samuel and 
 John, the second being heir to his uncle Samuel. 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 11 
 
 was Queen, and Mr. Stradwick was King. After that my 
 wife and I bid adieu and came home, it being still a great 
 frost. 
 
 7 th. At my office as I was receiving money of the probate 
 of wills, in came Mrs. Turner, Theoph., Madame Morrice, 
 and Joyce, ^ and after I had done I took them home to my 
 house, and Mr. Hawly came after, and I got a dish of steaks 
 and a rabbit for them, while they were playing a game or 
 two at cards. In the middle of our dinner a messenger from 
 Mr. Downing came to fetch me to him, so leaving Mr. Hawly 
 there, I went and was forced to stay till night in expectation 
 of the French Embassador,^ who at last came, and I had a 
 great deal of good discourse with one of his gentlemen con- 
 cerning the reason of the difference between the zeal of the 
 French and the Spaniard. After he was gone I went home, 
 and found my friends still at cards, and after that I went 
 along with them to Dr. Whores (sending my wife to Mrs. 
 Jem's to a sack-posset), where I heard some symphony and 
 songs of his own making, performed by Mr. May,^ Harding,* 
 and Mallard. Afterwards I put my friends into a coach, and 
 went to Mrs. Jem's, where I wrote a letter to my Lord by 
 the post, and had my part of the posset which was saved for 
 me, and so we went home, and put in at my Lord's lodgings, 
 where we staid late, eating of part of his turkey-pie, and 
 reading of Quarles' Emblems.^ So home and to bed. 
 
 8th (Sunday). In the morning I went to Mr. Gunning's, 
 where a good sermon, wherein he showed the life of Christ, 
 and told us good authority for us to believe that Christ did 
 follow his father's trade, and was a carpenter till thirty years 
 of age. From thence to my father's to dinner, where I found 
 my wife, who was forced to dine there, we not having one 
 coal of fire in the house, and it being very hard frosty 
 
 1 This was probably Joyce Norton, who was cousin to the Turners 
 as well as to Pepys. She was the daughter of Richard Norton of South 
 Creake and his wife, Barbara Pepys. 
 
 2 Antoine de Neuville, Seigneur de Bordeaux. 
 
 " Probably Hugh May, who after 1662 was established as an architect. 
 
 * John Harding was one of the Gentlemen of the King's Private 
 Music in 1674. 
 
 ' The " Emblems, Divine and Moral " of Francis Quarles was first 
 published in 1635. There is no copy of this book now in the Pepysian 
 Library. 
 
12 DIARY OF Jan. 8-9 
 
 weather. In the afternoon my father, he going to a man's 
 to demand some money due to my Aunt Bell/ my wife and 
 I went to Mr. Mossum's,^ where a strange doctor made a 
 very good sermon. From thence sending my wife to my 
 father's, I went to Mrs. Turner's, and staid a little while, 
 and then to my father's, where I found Mr. Sheply, and after 
 supper went home together. Here I heard of the death of 
 Mr. Palmer, and that he was to be buried at Westminster 
 to-morrow. 
 
 9th. For these two or three days I have been much troubled 
 with thoughts how to get money to pay them that I have 
 borrowed money of, by reason of my money being in my 
 uncle's hands. I rose early this morning, and looked over 
 and corrected my brother John's speech, which he is to 
 make the next apposition,' and after that I went towards my 
 office, and in my way met with W. Simons,^ Muddiman, 
 and Jack Price, and went with them to Harper's and in 
 many sorts of talk I staid till two of the clock in the after- 
 noon. I found Muddiman a good scholar, an arch rogue; 
 and owns that though he writes new books for the Parlia- 
 ment, yet he did declare that he did it only to get money; 
 and did talk very basely of many of them. Among other 
 things, W. Simons told me how his uncle Scobell ^ was on 
 Saturday last called to the bar, for entering in the journal 
 of the House, for the year 1653, these words: "This day 
 his Excellence the Lord G [eneral] Cromwell dissolved this 
 House; " which words the Parliament voted a forgery, and 
 demanded of him how they came to be entered. He 
 answered that they were his own handwriting, and that he 
 did it by virtue of his office, and the practice of his prede- 
 
 1 Mrs. Bell; she died of the plague. 
 
 " Dr. Robert Mossum, author of several sermons preached in Lon- 
 don, and printed about the time of the Restoration, who was in 1666 
 made Bishop of Derry. In the title-page of his " Apology in behalf of 
 the Sequestered Clergy," printed in i66o, he calls himself "Preacher 
 of God's word at St. Peter's, Paul's Wharf, London," and at the end, 
 "one of the sequestered clergy." This pamphlet is reprinted in 
 " Somers Tracts," vol. vii. p. 237, edit. 1812. 
 
 8 Declamations at St. Paul's School, in which there were opponents 
 and respondents. 
 
 * William Simons. 
 
 ' Henry Scobell was Clerk to the House of Commons. 
 
i6S9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 13 
 
 cessor;^ and that the intent of the practice was to let pos- 
 terity know how such and such a Parliament was dissolved, 
 whether by the command of the King, or by their own 
 neglect, as the last House of Lords was; and that to this 
 end, he had said and writ that it was dissolved by his Excel- 
 lence the Lord G [eneral]; and that for the word dissolved, 
 he never at the time did liear of any other term; and desired 
 pardon if he would not dare to make a word himself when 
 it was six years after, before they came, themselves to call it 
 an interruption; but they were so little satisfied with this 
 answer, that they did cliuse a committee to report to the 
 House, whether this crime of Mr. Scobell's did come within 
 the act of indemnity or no. Thence I went with Muddi- 
 man to the Coffee-House,^ and gave i8^. to be entered of 
 the Club. Thence into the Hall, where I heard for certain 
 that Monk was coming to London, and that Bradshaw's^ 
 lodgings were preparing for him. Thence to Mrs. Jem's, 
 and found her in bed, and she was afraid that it would prove 
 the small-pox. Thence back to Westminster Hall, where I 
 heard how Sir H. Vane ^ was this day voted out of the House, 
 and to sit no more there; and that he would retire himself 
 to his house at Raby,^ as also all the rest of the nine officers 
 that had their commissions formerly taken away from them, 
 were commanded to their farthest houses from London dur- 
 ing the pleasure of the Parliament. Here I met with the 
 Quarter Master of my Lord's troop, and his clerk Mr. Jen- 
 nings,^ and took them home, and gave them a bottle of wine, 
 and the remainder of my collar of brawn, and so good night. 
 After that came in Mr. Hawly, who told me that I was mist 
 
 ^ Henry Elsynge, born at Battersea, appointed Clerk of the House 
 of Commons through the influence of Archbishop Laud, resigned in 
 1648 to avoid taking part in the proceedings against Charles I. He 
 retired to Hounslow, where he died 1654. 
 
 2 Miles's Coffee House in Old Palace Yard, where was held the 
 Rota Club, founded by James Harrington, which is referred to again 
 further on, 
 
 2 John Bradshaw (born 1586), President of the Council of State, 
 died at the Deanery, Westminster, on October 31st, 1659. 
 
 * Sir Harry Vane the younger, an inflexible republican. He was 
 executed in 1662, on a charge of conspiring the death of Charles I. 
 
 8 Raby Castle in Durham, now the seat of Sir Harry Vane's descend- 
 ant, the Duke of Cleveland. 
 
 8 Mr. Jennings is mentioned again August 8th, 1660. 
 
14 DIARY OF Jan. 9-12 
 
 this day at my office, and that to-morrow I must pay all the 
 money that I have, at which I was put to a great loss how I 
 should get money to make up my cash, and so went to bed 
 in great trouble. 
 
 loth. Went out early, and in my way met with Greatorex,'' 
 and at an alehouse he shewed me the first sphere of wire that 
 ever he made, and indeed it was very pleasant; thence to 
 Mr. Crew's, and borrowed ^lo, and so to my office, and was 
 able to pay my money. Thence into the Hall, and meeting 
 the Quarter Master, Jenings, and Captain Rider, we four 
 went to a cook's to dinner. Thence Jenings and I into 
 London (it being through heat of the sun a great thaw and 
 dirty) to show our bills of return, and coming back drank 
 a pint of wine at the Star in Cheapside.^ So to Westmin- 
 ster, overtaking Captain Okeshott * in his silk cloak, whose 
 sword got hold of many people in walking. Thence to the 
 Coffee-house, where were a great confluence of gentlemen; 
 viz. Mr. Harrington,^ Poultny,^ chairman, Gold," Dr. Petty,' 
 
 1 Ralph Greatorex, the well-known mathematical instrument maker 
 of his day. He is frequently mentioned by Pepys. 
 
 ^ There are two tokens of the Star Tavern in Cheapside, one dated 
 1648 and the other 1652 (see " Boyne's Trade Tokens," ed. WiUiamson, 
 vol. i. 1889, pp. 562, 563). 
 
 ' Captain Okeshott is not mentioned again in the Diary. 
 
 * James Harrington, the political writer, born January, 161 1, author 
 of " Oceana," and founder of a club called The Rota, in 1659, which 
 met at Miles's coffee-house in Old Palace Yard, and lasted only a few 
 months. He attended Charles I. on the scaffold. In i66i he was sent 
 to the Tower, on suspicion of treasonable designs, and was removed 
 from thence to St. Nicholas Island, near Plymouth, but his intellect 
 having failed his friends obtained his discharge on giving security for 
 his behaviour. He died September nth, 1667. Henry Nevill and 
 Harrington " had every night -x meeting at the (then) Turke's Head, 
 in the New Palace Yard, where they take water, the next house to the 
 Staires, at one Miles's, where was made purposely a large oval table, 
 with a passage in the middle, for Miles to deliver his coffee. About it 
 sate his disciples and the virtuosi." — Aubrey's Bodleian Letters, 1813, 
 vol. ii. pt. 2, p. 371. 
 
 ^ Sir William Poultny, or Pulteney, subsequently M.P. for Westmin- 
 ster, and a Commissioner of the Privy Seal under King William. Died 
 1671. Grandfather to William Earl of Bath, 
 
 " Edward Gold, the merchant. His name occurs among the Gov- 
 ernors of Sir Roger Cholmley's school at Highgate. 
 
 ' William Petty, M.D., an eminent physician and the founder of 
 Political Economy (or Political Arithmetic, as he called it), born May 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 15 
 
 &c., where admirable discourse till 9 at night. Thence with 
 Doling^ to Mother Lam's, who told me how this day Scott ^ 
 was made Intelligencer, and that the rest of the members 
 that were objected against last night, their business was to 
 be heard this day se'nnight. Thence I went home and wrote 
 a letter, and went to Harper's, and staid there till Tom' 
 carried it to the postboy at Whitehall. So home to bed. 
 
 nth. Being at Will's with Captain Barker, who hath paid 
 ™e ;^300 this morning at my office, in comes my father, 
 and with him I walked, and leave .him at W. Joyce's, and 
 went myself to Mr. Crew's, but came too late to dine, and 
 therefore after a game at shittle-cocks ^ with Mr. Walgrave " 
 and Mr. Edward, I returned to my father, and taking him 
 from W. Joyce's, who was not abroad himself, we inquired 
 of a porter, and by his direction went to an alehouse, where 
 after a cup or two we parted. I went towards London, and 
 in my way went in to see Crowly, who was now grown a 
 very great loon and very tame. Thence to Mr. Steven's 
 with a pair of silver snuffers, and bought a pair of shears to 
 cut silver, and so homeward again. From home I went to 
 see Mrs. Jem, who was in bed, and now granted to have the 
 small-pox. Back again, and went to the Coffee-house, but 
 tarried not, and so home. 
 
 12th. I drink my morning at Harper's with Mr. Sheply 
 and a seaman, and so to my office, where Captain Holland ° 
 
 1 6th, 1623. He was elected Professor of Music at Gresham College 
 by the interest of Captain John Graunt. Knighted in i66i. He died 
 December i6th, 1687. His widow was created Baroness Shelburne in 
 the Peerage of Ireland, and their eldest son succeeded to the title. 
 
 1 Thomas Doling. 
 
 2 Thomas Scott, M.P., was made Secretary of State to the Common- 
 wealth on the 17th of this same January. He signed the death warrant 
 of Charles I., for which he was executed at Charing Cross, October i6th, 
 1660. He gloried in his offence, and desired to have written on his 
 tombstone, " Thomas Scott who adjudged to death the late king." 
 
 'Thomas Pepys, Samuel's brother, born 1634 and died 1664. He 
 carried on his father's business as a tailor. 
 
 * The game of battledore and shuttlecock was formerly much played 
 even in tennis courts, and was a very violent game. 
 
 ' Edward Walgrave, or Waldegrave, of Lawford, Essex, father of 
 Mrs. Crew. 
 
 ' Captain Philip Holland, at one time captain of " Assurance " (see 
 December nth, 1660); he renewed his commission on June 3rd, 1 660. 
 
16 DIARY OF Jan. 12-14 
 
 came to see me, and appointed a meeting in the afternoon. 
 Then wrote letters to Hinchinbroke and sealed them at 
 Will's, and after that went home, and thence to the Half 
 Moon, where I found the Captain and Mr. Billingsly and 
 Newman, a barber, where we were very merry, and had the 
 young man that plays so well on the Welsh harp. Billingsly 
 paid for all. Thence home, and finding my letters this 
 day not gone by the carrier I new sealed them, but my 
 brother Tom coming we fell into discourse about my inten- 
 tion to feast the Joyces. I sent for a bit of meat for him 
 from the cook's, and forgot to send my letters this night. 
 So I went to bed, and in discourse broke to my wife what 
 my thoughts were concerning my design of getting money 
 by, &c. 
 
 13th. Coming in the morning to my office, I met with 
 Mr. Fage and took him to the Swan."- He told me how 
 high Haselrigge,^ and Morly,' the last night began at my 
 Lord Mayor's* to exclaim against the City of London, say- 
 ing that they had forfeited their charter. And how the 
 Chamberlain of the City did take them down, letting them 
 know how much they were formerly beholding to the City, 
 &c. He also told me that Monk's letter that came to them 
 by the sword-bearer was a cunning piece, and that which 
 they did not much trust to; but they were resolved to 
 make no more applications to the Parliament, nor to pay 
 any money, unless the secluded members be brought in, 
 or a free Parliament chosen. Thence to my office, where 
 nothing to do. So to Will's with Mr. Pinkney,'' who in- 
 
 1 The Swan tavern in Fenchurch Street. 
 
 2 Sir Arthur Haselrigge, Bart., of Nosely, co. Leicester, and M.P. for 
 that county. He brought forward the Bill in the House of Commons 
 for the attainder of the Earl of Strafford, and he was one of the five 
 members charged with high treason by Charles I. in 1642. Colonel of 
 a regiment in the Parliament army, and much esteemed by Cromwell. 
 In March, 1659-60, he was committed to the Tower by Monk, where 
 he died, January, 1660-61. Although one of the King's judges, he 
 did not sign the death-warrant. 
 
 3 Colonel Morley, one of the Council of State, Lieutenant of the 
 Tower. John Evelyn attempted to bring him over to the King's side, 
 but he hesitated, and lost the honour of restoring the King. 
 
 * The Lord Mayor was Thomas Allen, created a baronet at the 
 Restoration. 
 
 * Leonard Pinckney was one of the four tellers of the Receipt of the 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 17 
 
 vited me to their feast at his Hall the next Monday. 
 Thence I went home and took my wife and dined at Mr. 
 Wade's, and after that we went and visited Catan.^ From 
 thence home again, and my wife was very unwilling to let 
 me go forth, but with some discontent would go out if I 
 did, and I going forth towards Whitehall, I saw she fol- 
 lowed me, and so I staid and took her round through White- 
 hall, and so carried her home angry. Thence I went to 
 Mrs. Jem, and found her up and merry, and that it did not 
 prove the small-pox, but only the swine -pox; so I played a 
 game or two at cards with her. And so to Mr. Vines, where 
 he and I and Mr. Hudson played half-a-dozen things, there 
 being there Dick's wife and her sister. After that I went 
 home and found my wife gone abroad to Mr. Hunt's, and 
 came in a little after me. So to bed. 
 
 14th. Nothing to do at our office. Thence into the Hall, 
 and just as I was going to dinner from Westminster Hall 
 with Mr. Moore (with whom I had been in the lobby to 
 hear news, and had spoke with Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper'' 
 about my Lord's lodgings) to his house, I met with Captain 
 Holland, who told me that he hath brought his wife to my 
 house, so I posted home and got a dish of meat for them. 
 They staid with me all the afternoon, and went hence in 
 the evening. Then I went with my wife, and left her at 
 market, and went myself to the Coffee-house, and heard 
 exceeding good argument against Mr. Harrington's asser- 
 tion, that overbalance of propriety \_t.e., property] was the 
 foundation of government. Home, and wrote to Hinchin- 
 broke, and sent that and my other letter that missed of 
 going on Thursday last. So to bed. 
 
 Exchequer, and he acted as Clerk of the Kitchen at Charles II.'s Coro- 
 nation feast. His son, William Pinckney, was admitted into his place 
 of Teller in 1 661. 
 
 ' Catan Stirpin, a girl who afterwards married a Monsieur Petit 
 (see October 23rd, 1660). She is called Kate Sterpin on March 6th, 
 1659-60. 
 
 ^ Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper was born July 22nd, 1621, and received 
 his early instruction from Puritan private tutors. He was admitted into 
 the Society of Lincoln's Inn, February i8th, 1638, and was elected 
 Member of Parliament for Tewkesbury in 1640. For a time he favoured 
 the royal cause, but soon transferred his services to the Commonwealth. 
 He had taken his seat for Downton on the 7th of this January. He 
 was created Baron Ashley in 1661, and Earl of Shaftesbury in 1672. 
 
18 DIARY OF Jan. 15-17 
 
 15 th. Having been exceedingly disturbed in the night 
 with the barking of a dog of one of our neighbours that I 
 could not sleep for an hour or two, I slept late, and then in 
 the morning took physic, and so staid within all day. At 
 noon my brother John came to me, and I corrected as well 
 as I could his Greek speech to say the Apposition, though 
 I believe he himself was as well able to do it as myself. 
 After that we went to read in the great Ofificiale about the 
 blessing of bells in the Church of Rome.^ After that my 
 wife and I in pleasant discourse till night, then I went to 
 supper, and after that to make an end of this week's notes 
 in this book, and so to bed. It being a cold day and a 
 great snow my physic did not work so well as it should have 
 done. 
 
 1 6th. In the morning I went up to Mr. Crew's, and at 
 his bedside he gave me direction to go to-morrow with Mr. 
 Edward to Twickenham, and likewise did talk to me con- 
 cerning things of state; and expressed his mind how just it 
 was that the secluded members should come to sit again. 
 I went from thence, and in my way went into an alehouse 
 and drank my morning draft with Matthew Andrews and 
 two or three more of his friends, coachmen. And of one 
 of them I did hire a coach to carry us to-morrow to Twick- 
 enham. From thence to my office, where nothing to do; 
 but Mr. Downing he came and found me all alone; and 
 did mention to me his going back into Holland, and did 
 ask me whether I would go or no, but gave me little en- 
 couragement, but bid me consider of it; and asked me 
 whether I did not think that Mr. Hawly could perform the 
 work of my office alone or no. I confess I was at a great 
 loss, all the day after, to bethink myself how to carry this 
 business. At noon, Harry Ethall came to me and went 
 along with Mr. Maylard by coach as far as Salsbury Court, 
 
 ^ " Baronius informs us that Pope John XIII. in 968 consecrated a 
 very large new cast bell in the Lateran Church, and gave it the name of 
 John. This is the first instance I meet with of what has been since 
 called ' The baptizing of bells,' a superstition which the reader may find 
 ridiculed in the ' Beehive of the Romish Church,' 1579." A list of the 
 ceremonies is quoted, and instance given of the practice in 14 Hen. 
 VII., when Sir William Symys, Richard Clech, and Maistres Smyth 
 were godfathers and godmother to a bell at Reading. See Brand's 
 " Popular Antiquities," ed. Hazlitt, vol. ii. pp. 239-240. 
 
i6s9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 19 
 
 and there we set him down, and we went to the Clerks, 
 where we came a little too late, but in a closet we had a 
 very good dinner by Mr. Pinkny's courtesy, and after dinner 
 we had pretty good singing, and one. Hazard, sung alone 
 after the old fashion, which was very much cried up, but I 
 did not like it. Thence we went to the Green Dragon, on 
 Lambeth Hill,i both the Mr. Pinkney's, Smith, Harrison, 
 Morrice, that sang the bass, Sheply and I, and there we 
 sang of all sorts of things, and I ventured with good success 
 upon things at first sight, and after that I played on my 
 flageolet,'^ and staid there till nine o'clock, very merry and 
 drawn on with one song after another till it came to be so 
 late. After that Sheply, Harrison and myself, we went 
 towards Westminster on foot, and at the Golden Lion, near 
 Charing Cross, we went in and drank a pint of wine, and so 
 parted, and thence home, where I found my wife and maid 
 a-washing. I staid up till the bell-man came by with his 
 bell just under my window as I was writing of this very line, 
 and cried, " Past one of the clock, and a cold, frosty, windy 
 morning." I then went to bed, and left my wife and the 
 maid a-washing still. 
 
 17th. Early I went to Mr. Crew's, and having given 
 Mr. Edward money to give the servants, I took him into 
 the coach that waited for us and carried him to my house, 
 where the coach waited for me while I and the child went 
 to ^^'estminster Hall, and bought him some pictures. In 
 the Hall 1 met Mr. Woodfine, and took him to Will's and 
 drank with him. Thence the child and I to the coach, 
 where my wife was ready, and so we went towards Twicken- 
 ham. In our way, at Kensington we understood how that 
 my Lord Chesterfield * had killed another gentleman about 
 
 1 There is a token of the Green Dragon on Lambeth Hill, dated 
 1651 (see "Boyne's Trade Tokens," ed. Williamson, vol. i., 1889, p. 
 650). 
 
 2 The flageolet is a small flute k bee, 
 
 " Philip Stanhope, second Earl of Chesterfield, ob. 1713, set. suae 80. 
 We learn, from the memoir prefixed to his " Printed Correspondence," 
 that he fought three duels, disarming and wounding his first and second 
 antagonists, and killing the third. The name of the unfortunate gen- 
 tleman who fell on this occasion was Woolly. Lord Chesterfield, ab- 
 sconding, went to Breda, where he obtained the royal pardon from 
 Charles II. He acted a busy part in the eventful times in which he 
 
20 DIARY OF Jan. 17 
 
 half an hour before, and was fled. We went forward and 
 came about one of the clock to Mr. Fuller's,^ but he was 
 out of town, so we had a dinner there, and I gave the child 
 40^. to give to the two ushers. After that we parted and 
 went homewards, it being market day at Brainford [Brent- 
 ford]. I set my wife down and went with the coach to 
 Mr. Crew's, thinking to have spoke with Mr. Moore and 
 Mrs. Jem, he having told me the reason of his melancholy 
 was some unkindness from her after so great expressions of 
 love, and how he had spoke to her friends and had their 
 consent, and that he would desire me to take an occasion 
 of speaking with her, but by no means not to heighten her 
 discontent or distaste whatever it be, but to make it up if 
 I can. But he being out of doors, I went away and went 
 to see Mrs. Jem, who was now very well again, and after a 
 game or two at cards, I left her. So I went to the Coffee 
 Club, and heard very good discourse ; it was in answer to 
 Mr. Harrington's answer, who said that the state of the 
 Roman government was not a settled government, and so it 
 was no wonder that the balance of propriety [/.^., property] 
 was in one hand, and the command in another, it being 
 therefore always in a posture of war ; but it was carried by 
 ballot, that it was a steady government, though it is true by 
 the voices it had been caried before that it was an unsteady 
 government; so to-morrow it is to be proved by the oppo- 
 
 lived, and was remarkable for his steady adherence to the Stuarts. 
 Lord Chesterfield's letter to Charles II., and the King's answer grant- 
 ing the royal pardon, occur in the Correspondence published by General 
 Sir John Murray, in 1829. 
 
 " Jan. 17th, 1659. The Earl of Chesterfield and Dr. Woolly's son of 
 Hammersmith, had a quarrel about a mare of eighteen pounds price : 
 the quarrel would not be reconciled, insomuch that a challenge passed 
 between them. They fought a duel on the backside of Mr. Colby's 
 house at Kensington, where the Earl and he had several passes. The 
 Earl wounded him in two places, and would fain have then ended, but 
 the stubbornness and pride of heart of Mr. Woolly would not give over, 
 and the next pass [he] was killed on the spot. The Earl fled to 
 Chelsea, and there took water and escaped. The jury found it chance- 
 medley." — Rugge's " Diurnal," Addit. MSS., British Museum. — B. 
 
 1 William Fuller, of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, was a schoolmaster at 
 Twickenham during the Rebellion, and at the Restoration became 
 Dean of St. Patrick's, and, in 1663, Bishop of Limerick, from which 
 see, in 1667, he was translated to Lincoln. He died April 23rd, 1675. 
 
i6s9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 21 
 
 nents that the balance lay in one hand, and the government 
 in another. Thence I went to Westminster, and met Shaw 
 and Washington, 1 who told me how this day Sydenham^ 
 was voted out of the House for sitting any more this Par- 
 liament, and that Salloway' was voted out likewise and 
 sent to the Tower, during the pleasure of the House. 
 Home and wrote by the Post, and carried to Whitehall, and 
 coming back turned in at Harper's, where Jack Price was, 
 and I drank with him and he told me, among other things, 
 how much the Protector * is altered, though he would seem 
 to bear out his trouble very well, yet he is scarce able to 
 talk sense with a man; and how he will say that "Who 
 should a man trust, if he may not trust to a brother and an 
 uncle; " ^ and "how much those men have to answer before 
 God Almighty, for their playing the knave with him as they 
 did." He told me also, that there was ;^ioo,ooo offered, 
 and would have been taken for his restitution, had not the 
 
 1 Mr. Washington the purser, see July 2nd, l56o. 
 
 2 Colonel William Sydenham had been an active officer during the 
 Civil Wars, on the Parliament side; M.P. for Dorsetshire, Governor of 
 Melcombe, and one of the Committee of Safety. He vi^as the elder 
 brother of the celebrated physician of that name. — B. 
 
 ' In the Journals of that date, Major Richard Salwey. Colonel Sal- 
 way is mentioned as a prisoner in the Tower, 1663-4, in Bayley's " His- 
 tory of the Tower of London," 1830, p. 590. 
 
 * Richard Cromwell, third son of Oliver Cromwell, born October 4th, 
 1626, admitted a member of Lincoln's Inn, May 27th, 1647, f^" '"to 
 debt and devoted himself to hunting and field sports. His succession 
 to his father as Protector was universally accepted at first, but the army 
 soon began to murmur because he was not a general. Between the 
 dissensions of various parties he fell, and the country was left in a state 
 of anarchy. He went abroad early in the summer of 1660, and lived 
 abroad for some years, returning to England in 1680. After his fall he 
 bore the name of John Clarke. Died at Cheshunt, July 12th, 1712. 
 
 * Fleetwood and Desborough played a double game. John Des- 
 borough, born i6o8, second son of James Disbrowe, married, 1636, Jane, 
 sister to Oliver Cromwell; Major-General, 1648. Charles Fleetwood, 
 son of Sir William Fleetwood, Cup-bearer to James I. and Charles I.; 
 Lord Deputy of Ireland (for a time being succeeded by Henry Crom- 
 well), became Cromwell's son-in-law by his marriage with Ireton's 
 widow, and a member of the Council of State. He seemed disposed 
 to have espoused Charles II.'s interests, but had not resolution enough 
 to execute his design. At the Restoration, he was excepted out of the 
 Act of Indemnity, and spent the remainder of his life in retirement at 
 Stoke Newington. He died 1692. 
 
22 DIARY OF Jan. 17-20 
 
 Parliament come in as they did again; and that he do 
 believe that the Protector will live to give a testimony of 
 his valour and revenge yet before he dies, and that the Pro- 
 tector will say so himself sometimes. Thence I went home, 
 it being late and my wife in bed. 
 
 i8th. To my ofifice and from thence to Will's, and there 
 Mr. Sheply brought me letters from the carrier and so I 
 went home. After that to Wilkinson's,^ where we had a 
 dinner for Mr. Talbot, Adams, Pinkny and his son, but his 
 son did not come. Here we were very merry, and while I 
 was here Mr. Fuller came thither and staid a little while. 
 After that we all went to my Lord's, whither came after- 
 wards Mr. Harrison, and by chance seeing Mr. Butler^ 
 coming by I called him in and so we sat drinking a bottle 
 of wine till night. At which time Mistress Ann ^ came with 
 the key of my Lord's study for some things, and so we all 
 broke up and after I had gone to my house and interpreted 
 my Lord's letter by his character* I came to her again and 
 went with her to her lodging and from thence to Mr. Crew's, 
 where I advised with him what to do about my Lord's lodg- 
 ings and what answer to give to Sir Ant. Cooper and so I 
 came home and to bed. All the world is at a loss to think 
 what Monk will do : the City saying that he will be for 
 them, and the Parliament saying he will be for them. 
 
 19th. This morning I was sent for to Mr. Downing, and 
 at his bed side he told me, that he had a kindness for me, 
 and that he thought that he had done me one; and that 
 was, that he had got me to be one of the Clerks of the 
 Council; at which I was a little stumbled, and could not 
 tell what to do, whether to thank him or no; but by and by 
 I did; but not very heartily, for I feared that his doing of it 
 was but only to ease himself of the salary ^ which he gives 
 me. After that Mr. Sheply staying below all this time for 
 
 1 Mr. Wilkinson was landlord of the Crown in King Street, West- 
 minster. 
 
 2 Mr. Butler is usually styled by Pepys Mons. I'Impertinent. 
 
 3 Probably Mrs. (afterwards Lady) Anne Montagu, daughter of Sir 
 Edward Montagu, and sister to Mrs. Jem. 
 
 * The making of ciphers was a popular amusement about this time. 
 Pepys made several for Montagu, Downing, and others. 
 
 ^ This salary appears to have been ^^50 a year. See 30th of this 
 month. 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 23 
 
 me we went thence and met Mr. Pierce,^ so at the Harp 
 and Ball drank our morning draft and so to Whitehall where 
 I met with Sir Ant. Cooper and did give him some answer 
 from my Lord and he did give us leave to keep the lodgings 
 still. And so we did determine thereupon that Mr. Sheply 
 might now go into the country and would do so to-morrow. 
 Back I went by Mr. Downing' s order and staid there till 
 twelve o'clock in expectation of one to come to read some 
 writings, but he came not, so I staid all alone reading the 
 answer of the Dutch Ambassador to our State, ^ in answer to 
 the reasons of my Lord's coming home, which he gave for 
 his coming, and did labour herein to contradict my Lord's 
 arguments for his coming home. Thence to my ofifice and 
 so with Mr. Sheply and Moore, to dine upon a turkey with 
 Mrs. Jem, and after that Mr. Moore and I went to the 
 French Ordinary, where Mr. Downing this day feasted Sir 
 Arth. Haselrigge, and a great many more of the Parliament, 
 and did stay to put him in mind of me. Here he gave me 
 a note to go and invite some other members to dinner to- 
 morrow. So I went to White Hall, and did stay at Marsh's, 
 with Simons, Luellin, and all the rest of the Clerks of the 
 Council, who I hear are all turned out, only the two Leighs, 
 and they do all tell me that my name was mentioned the last 
 night, but that nothing was done in it. Hence I went and , 
 did leave some of my notes at the lodgings of the members 
 and so home. To bed. 
 
 20th. In the morning I went to Mr. Downing's bedside 
 and gave him an account what I had done as to his guests, 
 and I went thence to my Lord Widdrington ° who I met in 
 
 1 Pepys had two friends named Pierce, one the surgeon and the other 
 the purser; he usually (but not always) distinguishes them. The one 
 here alluded to was probably the surgeon, and husband of pretty Mrs. 
 Pierce. After the Restoration James Pearse or Pierce became Surgeon 
 to the Duke of York, and he was also Surgeon-General of the Fleet. 
 
 2 Nieuport, who is described by Evelyn as " a judicious, crafty, and 
 wise man." 
 
 2 Sir Thomas Widdrington was admitted a member of Gray's Inn in 
 l6l8. As Recorder of Berwick he addressed a loyal speech to Charles 
 I. in 1633, when he expressed the wish that his throne might be 
 " established before the Lord for ever." He afterwards distinguished 
 himself as a zealous Presbyterian, and in 1648 he was appointed a 
 Commissioner of the Great Seal. When the trial of the King was 
 arranged, he and his fellow Commissioner (Whitelocke) kept out of 
 
24 DIARY OF Jan. 20-21 
 
 the street, going to seal the patents for the Judges to-day, 
 and so could not come to dinner. I called upon Mr. Cal- 
 throp about the money due to my Lord. Here I met with 
 Mr. Woodfine and drank with him at the Sun in Chancery 
 Lane and so to Westminster Hall, where at the lobby I 
 spoke with the rest of my guests and so to my office. At 
 noon went by water with Mr. Maylard and Hales to the Swan 
 in Fish Street ^ at our Coal Feast, where we were very merry 
 at our Jole of Ling, and from thence after a great and good 
 dinner Mr. Falconberge ^ would go drink a cup of ale at a 
 place where I had like to have shot at a scholar that lay 
 over the house of office. Thence calling on Mr. Stephens 
 and Wootton (with whom I drank) about business of my 
 Lord's I went to the Coffee Club where there was nothing 
 done but choosing of a Committee for orders. Thence to 
 Westminster Hall where Mrs. Lane ' and the rest of the 
 maids had their white scarfs, all having been at the burial 
 of a young bookseller in the Hall.^ Thence to Mr. Sheply's 
 
 the way, so that they should have nothing to do with that criminal 
 proceeding. Having declined to serve further as Commissioner, he 
 was made Sergeant for the Commonwealth in 1650, and member of the 
 Council of State in 165 1. In 1654 he was again appointed Commis- 
 sioner of the Great Seal, but was dismissed in 1655. He was elected 
 in 1656 for York and for Northumberland, and chose to sit for the 
 county. He was Speaker of this Parliament, which was dissolved in 
 1658. He was appointed Lord Chief Baron, but soon after was trans- 
 ferred to his former office of Commissioner of the Great Seal. He had 
 the benefit of the Act of Indemnity at the Restoration, and was the 
 first named of the re-appointed sergeants. He died May 13th, 1664, 
 and was buried in the chancel of the church of St. Giles's-in-the- 
 Fields. 
 
 1 The Swan in Old Fish Street was an old tavern, as it is mentioned 
 in 1413 as the Swan on the Hoop, at the south-east corner of old Fish 
 Street and Bread Street. There is a token of the house. (See 
 "Boyne's Trade Tokens," ed. Williamson, vol. i., 1889, p. 691.) 
 
 2 Mr. Falconberge (or Falconbridge, as sometimes spelt) appears to 
 have been a clerk in the Exchequer. Mrs. Barker, Mrs. Pepys's 
 woman, was previously in the service of Mr. Falconberge. 
 
 * Mrs. Betty Lane, a haberdasher or seamstress who occupied a stall 
 in the Hall. She is frequently mentioned in the Diary. 
 
 * These stationers and booksellers, whose shops disfigured Westmin- 
 ster Hall down to a late period, were a privileged class. In the statutes 
 for appointing licensers and regulating the press, there is a clause ex- 
 empting them from the pains and penalties of these obnoxious laws. 
 The exception in the 14 Car. II. cap. 33, sec. xx., runs thus : " Pro- 
 
i6s9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 25 
 
 and took him to my house and drank with him in order to 
 his going to-morrow. So parted and I sat up late making 
 up my accounts before he go. This day three citizens of 
 London went to meet Monk from the Common Council.* 
 
 2 1 St. Up early in finishing my accounts and writing to 
 my Lord and from thence to my Lord's and took leave of 
 Mr. Sheply and possession of all the keys and the house. 
 Thence to my office for some money to pay Mr. Sheply and 
 sent it him by the old man. I then went to Mr. Downing 
 who chid me because I did not give him notice of some of 
 his guests failed him but I told him that I sent our porter 
 to tell him and he was not within, but he told me that he 
 was within till past twelve o'clock. So the porter or he 
 lied. Thence to my office where nothing to do. Then with 
 Mr. Hawly, he and I went to Mr. Crew's and dined there. 
 Thence into London to Mr. Vernon's and I received my 
 ;^2 5 due by bill for my troopers' pay. Then back again 
 to Steadman's. At the Mitre, ^ in Fleet-street, in our way 
 
 vided alsoe . . . that neither this act, nor any therein contained, shall 
 be construed to prohibit any person or persons to sell books or papers 
 who have sold books or papers within Westminster Hall, the Palace of 
 Westminster, or in any shopp or shopps within twenty yards of the 
 Great Gate of Westminster Hall aforesaid before the said 20th Novem- 
 ber, 1661, but they and every of them may sell books and papers as 
 they have or did before the said 20th November, 1661, within the said 
 Hall, Pallace, and twenty yards aforesaid, and not elsewhere, anything 
 in this act to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding." 
 
 1 " Jan. 20th. Then there went out of the City, by desire of the 
 Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen, Alderman Fowke and Alderman 
 Vincett, alias Vincent, and Mr. Broomfield, to compliment General 
 Monk, who lay at Harborough Town, in Leicestershire." 
 
 "Jan. 2 1st. Because the Speaker was sick, and Lord General Monk 
 so near London, and everybody thought that the City would suffer for 
 their affronts to the soldiery, and because they had sent the sword- 
 bearer to the General without the Parliament's consent, and the three 
 Aldermen were gone to give him the welcome to town, these four lines 
 were in almost everybody's mouth : — 
 
 ' Monk under a hood, not well understood. 
 
 The City pull in their horns; 
 The Speaker is out, and sick of the gout. 
 
 And the Parliament sit upon thorns.' " — Rugge's " Diurnal. " — B. 
 
 2 The Mitre in Fleet Street was opposite St. Dunstan's Church, and 
 stood on the site of part of Messrs. Hoare's banking house. It is said to 
 have dated back to Shakespeare's day. There is a token of " Will. 
 
26 DIARY OF Jan. 21-23 
 
 calling on Mr. Fage, who told me how the City have some 
 hopes of Monk. Thence to the Mitre, where I drank a pint 
 of wine, the house being in fitting for Banister to come 
 hither from Paget' s. Thence to Mrs. Jem and gave her ^^5. 
 So home and left my money and to Whitehall where Luellin 
 and I drank and talked together an hour at Marsh's and so 
 up to the clerks' room, where poor Mr. Cook, a black man, 
 that is like to be put out of his clerk's place, came and 
 railed at me for endeavouring to put him out and get myself 
 in, when I was already in a good condition. But I satisfied 
 him and after I had wrote a letter there to my Lord, wherein 
 I gave him an account how this day Lenthall ^ took his chair 
 again, and [the House] resolved a declaration to be brought 
 in on Monday next to satisfy the world what they intend to 
 do. So home and to bed. 
 
 22nd. I went in the morning to Mr. Messum's,^ where I 
 met with W. Thurburn and sat with him in his pew. A 
 very eloquent sermon about the duty of all to give good 
 example in our lives and conversation, which I fear he 
 himself was most guilty of not doing. After sermon, at the 
 door by appointment my wife met me, and so to my father's 
 to dinner, where we had not been to my shame in a fort- 
 night before. After dinner my father shewed me a letter 
 from Mr. Widdrington,' of Christ's College, in Cambridge, 
 
 Pagget at the Miter in Fleet Street." Pagget appears to have succeeded 
 John Bayly, who died January, 1648-9. Mitre Tavern, Mitre Court, is 
 another tavern. (See " Boyne's Trade Tokens," ed. Williamson, vol. 
 i., 1889, p. 604.) 
 
 ^ William Lenthall, born June, 1591, called to the bar at Lincoln's 
 Inn in 1616. He was chosen Speaker of Charles I.'s second parliament 
 of 1640, but was forced to vacate his chair by Cromwell's forcible expul- 
 sion of the members from the House, 1653. He retired to the Rolls, 
 having been sworn in Master of the Rolls in 1643. He was chosen 
 Speaker of Cromwell's second parliament in 1654. Cromwell made him 
 one of his Lords, but when the Long Parliament resumed its sittings, 
 he was induced again to take his seat as Speaker. He was three times 
 Keeper of the Great Seal for short periods of time. After the Restora- 
 tion he was in fear for his safety, but eventually he obtained the royal 
 pardon, and died September 3rd, 1662. 
 
 2 Dr. Robert Mossum (afterwards Bishop of Derry) . See ante, Jan- 
 uary 8th, 1659-60. His name is sometimes written Mossum and some- 
 times Messum in the Diary. 
 
 ' Dr. Ralph Widdrington, Lady Margaret's Professor and Public 
 Orator, having been ejected from his fellowship by the Master and 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 27 
 
 wherein he do express very great kindness for my brother, 
 and my father intends that my brother shall go to him. To 
 church in the afternoon to Mr. Herring/ where a lazy poor 
 sermon. And so home with Mrs. Turner and sitting with 
 her a while we went to my father's where we supt very 
 merry, and so home. This day I began to put on buckles 
 to my shoes, which I have bought yesterday of Mr. Wotton. 
 23rd. In the morning called out to carry JQ20 to Mr. 
 Downing, which I did and came back, and finding Mr. 
 Pierce, the surgeon, I took him to the Axe ^ and gave him 
 his morning draft. Thence to my office and there did 
 nothing but make up my balance. Came home and found 
 my wife dressing of the girl's head, by which she was made 
 to look very pretty. I went out and paid Wilkinson what I 
 did owe him, and brought a piece of beef home for dinner. 
 Thence I went out and paid Waters, the vintner, and went 
 to see Mrs. Jem, where I found my Lady Wright," but Scott 
 was so drunk that he could not be seen. Here I staid and 
 made up Mrs. Ann's bills, and played a game or two at cards, 
 and thence to Westminster Hall, it being very dark. I paid 
 Mrs. Michell,* my bookseller, and back to Whitehall, and 
 in the garden, going through to the Stone Gallery* I fell 
 into a ditch, it being very dark. At the Clerk's chamber 
 I met with Simons and Luellin, and went with them to Mr. 
 Mount's chamber at the Cock Pit, where we had some rare 
 pot venison, and ale to abundance till almost twelve at 
 night, and after a song round we went home. This day the 
 
 Fellows of Christ's College, Cambridge, October 28th, 1661, sued out a 
 mandamus to be restored to it; and the matter being referred to com- 
 missioners — " The Bishop of London, the Lord Chancellor, and some of 
 the judges " — he obtained restitution. — Kennett's Register, p. 552. 
 
 1 John Herring, a Presbyterian minister, who was afterwards ejected 
 from St. Bride's, Fleet Street. His farewell sermon is described in the 
 Diary under date August 17th, 1662. 
 
 2 Probably the Axe on the west side of King Street, Westminster, 
 from the predecessor of which tavern Axe Yard, where Pepys lived, 
 took its name. 
 
 ' Anne, daughter of John, first Lord Crew, married to Sir Harry 
 Wright, Bart., M.P. She was sister to Lady Montagu. Lived till 1708. 
 
 * Mrs. Michell, to whose shop in the Hall Pepys was a frequent 
 visitor. 
 
 * The Stone Gallery was a long passage between the Privy Garden 
 and the river. It led from the Bowling Green to the Court of the Palace. 
 
28 DIARY OF Jan. 23-25 
 
 Parliament sat late, and resolved of the declaration to be 
 printed for the people's satisfaction, promising them a 
 great many good things. 
 
 24th. In the morning to my office, where, after I had 
 drank my morning draft at Will's with Ethell and Mr. 
 Stevens, I went and told part of the excise money till 
 twelve o'clock, and then called on my wife and took her to 
 Mr. Pierce's, she in the way being exceedingly troubled with 
 a pair of new pattens, and I vexed to go so slow, it being 
 late. There when we came we found Mrs. Carrick very 
 fine, and one Mr. Lucy, who called one another husband 
 and wife, and after dinner a great deal of mad stir. There 
 was pulling of Mrs. bride's and Mr. bridegroom's ribbons,^ 
 with a great deal of fooling among them that I and my wife 
 did not like. Mr. Lucy and several other gentlemen com- 
 
 1 The scramble for ribbons, here mentioned by Pepys in connection 
 with weddings (see also January 26th, i66o-5i, and February 8th, 
 1662-3), doubtless formed part of the ceremony of undressing the 
 bridegroom, which, as the age became more refined, fell into disuse. 
 All the old plays are silent on the custom ; the earliest notice of which 
 occurs in the old ballad of the wedding of Arthur O'Bradley, printed 
 in the Appendix to "Robin Hood," 1795, where we read — 
 
 "Then got Va&y his points and his garters. 
 And cut tkent in pieces like martyrs ; 
 And then they all did play 
 For the honour of Arthur O'Bradley." 
 
 Sir Winston Churchill also observes (" Divi Britannici," p. 340) that 
 James I. was no more troubled at his querulous countrymen robbing 
 him than a bridegroom at the losing of his points and garters. Lady 
 Fanshawe, in her " Memoirs," says, that at the nuptials of Charles II. 
 and the Infanta, " the Bishop of London declared them married in the 
 name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost; and then they 
 caused the ribbons her Majesty wore to be cut in little pieces; and as 
 far as they would go, every one had some." The practice still survives 
 in the form of wedding favours. 
 
 A similar custom is still of every day's occurrence at Dieppe. Upon 
 the morrow after their marriage, the bride and bridegroom perambulate 
 the streets, followed by a numerous cortege, the guests at the wedding 
 festival, two and two ; each individual wearing two bits of narrow ribbon, 
 about two inches in length, of different colours, which are pinned cross- 
 ways upon the breast. These morsels of ribbons originally formed the 
 garters of the bride and bridegroom, which had been divided amidst 
 boisterous mirth among the assembled company, the moment the happy 
 pair had been formally installed in the bridal bed. — Ex. inf. Mr. William 
 Hughes, Belvedere, Jersey. — B. 
 
i6s9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 29 
 
 ing in after dinner, swearing and singing as if they were 
 mad, only he singing very handsomely. There came in 
 afterwards Mr. Southerne,^ clerk to Mr. Blackburne, and 
 with him Lambert,^ lieutenant of my Lord's ship, and 
 brought with them the declaration that came out to-day 
 from the Parliament, wherein they declare for law and 
 gospel, and for tythes; but I do not find people apt to be- 
 lieve them. After this taking leave I went to my father's, 
 and my wife staying there, he and I went to speak with Mr. 
 Crumlum' (in the meantime, while it was five o'clock, he 
 being in the school, we went to my cozen Tom Pepys' 
 shop,^ the turner in Paul's Churchyard, and drank with him 
 a pot of ale) ; he gave my father directions what to do 
 about getting my brother an exhibition, and spoke very 
 well of my brother. Thence back with my father home, 
 where he and I spoke privately in the little room to my sister 
 Pall about stealing of things as my wife's scissars and my 
 maid's book, at which my father was much troubled. 
 Hence home with my wife and so to Whitehall, where I 
 met with Mr. Hunt and Luellin, and drank with them at 
 Marsh's, and afterwards went up and wrote to my Lord by 
 the post. This day the Parliament gave order that the late 
 Committee of Safety should come before them this day 
 se'nnight, and all their papers, and their model of Govern- 
 ment that they had made, to be brought in with them. So 
 home and talked with my wife about our dinner on Thurs- 
 day. 
 
 2Sth. Called up early to Mr. Downing; he gave me a 
 Character, such a one as my Lord's, to make perfect, and 
 
 1 Robert Blackburne was Secretary to the Admiralty, with a salary of 
 ;^250 a year, until the appointment of the Duke of York as Lord High 
 Admiral in July, 1660. James Southerne, his clerk (afterwards clerk 
 to Sir William Coventry), was Clerk of the Acts from 1677 till 1690, 
 when he was appointed Secretary to the Admiralty. 
 
 ^ Lieutenant Lambert was appointed captain of the " Norwich " in 
 June, 1661. His death is mentioned by Pepys under date September 
 14th, 1665. 
 
 8 Samuel Cromleholme (or Crumlum), born in Wiltshire in 1618; 
 Surmaster of St. Paul's School, 1647; Head Master in 1657. He was 
 a good scholar, and lost a valuable library when the school was burnt 
 in the Great Fire. Died July 2l5t, 1672. 
 
 ^ Tom Pepys the turner was son of Thomas Pepys, the elder brother 
 of Samuel's father. He had a shop in Bartholomew Fair in 1667. 
 
30 DIARY OF Jan. 25-26 
 
 likewise gave me his order for ^^500 to carry to Mr. Frost, 
 which I did and so to my office, where I did do something 
 about the character till twelve o'clock. Then home and 
 found my wife and the maid at my Lord's getting things 
 ready against to-morrow. I went by water to my Uncle 
 White's-' to dinner, where I met my father, where we alone 
 had a fine jole of Ling to dinner. After dinner I took 
 leave, and coming home heard that in Cheapside there had 
 been but a little before a gibbet set up, and the picture of 
 Huson ^ hung upon it in the middle of the street. I called 
 at Paul's Churchyard, where I bought Buxtorf's Hebrew 
 Grammar;' and read a declaration of the gentlemen of 
 Northampton which came out this afternoon.^ Thence to 
 my father's, where I staid with my mother a while and then 
 to Mr. Crew's about a picture to be sent into the country, 
 of Mr. Thomas Crew,^ to my Lord. So [to] my Lady 
 Wright to speak with her, but she was abroad, so Mr. 
 Evans, her butler, had me into his buttery, and gave me 
 sack and a lesson on his lute, which he played very well. 
 Thence I went to my Lord's and got most things ready against 
 
 ^ Pepys's uncle and aunt Wight are frequently mentioned in the 
 Diary. 
 
 ^ John Hewson, who, from a low origin, became a colonel in the 
 Parliament army, and sat in judgment on the King ; he escaped hang- 
 ing by flight, and died in 1662, at Amsterdam. A curious notice of 
 Hewson occurs in Rugge's " Diurnal," December 5th, 1659, which 
 states that " he was a cobbler by trade, but a very stout man, and a very 
 good commander; but in regard of his former employment, they [the 
 city apprentices] threw at him old shoes, and slippers, and turnip-tops, 
 and brick-bats, stones, and tiles." ..." At this time [January, 1659-60] 
 there came forth, almost every day, jeering books : one was called ' Colo- 
 nel Hewson's Confession; or, a Parley with Pluto,' about his going 
 into London, and taking down the gates of Temple-Bar." He had but 
 one eye, which did not escape the notice of his enemies. — B. 
 
 ^ " Johannis Buxtorfii Thesaurus Grammaticus Linguse Sanctse He- 
 brgeae," 1 651, is in the Pepysian Library. 
 
 * " Address to the King by his loyal subjects of the County of 
 Northampton, 20 June, 1660." Declarations came in from the nobility, 
 knights, and gentry of the several counties, and most of these Declara- 
 tions appeared before this one from Northampton. These broadsides 
 are in the Library of the British Museum. 
 
 ^ Thomas Crew, afterwards knighted, eldest son of John, afterwards 
 Lord Crew, whom he succeeded in that title as second Lord. He 
 died 1697. 
 
i6S9-6o- SAMUEL PEPYS. 31 
 
 to-morrow, as fires and laying the cloth, and my wife was 
 making of her tarts and larding of her pullets till eleven 
 o'clock. This evening Mr. Downing sent for me, and gave 
 me order to go to Mr. Jessop ^ for his papers concerning 
 his dispatch to Holland which were not ready, only his 
 order for a ship to transport him he gave me. To my Lord's 
 again and so home with my wife, tired with this day's work. 
 26th. To my office for £^20 to carry to Mr. Downing, 
 which I did and back again. Then came Mr. Frost to pay 
 Mr. Downing his ;£5oo, and I went to him for the warrant 
 and brought it Mr. Frost. Called for some papers at White- 
 hall for Mr. Downing, one of which was an Order of the 
 Council for _;^i,8oo per annum, to be paid monthly; and 
 the other two. Orders to the Commissioners of Customs, to 
 let his goods pass free. Home from my office to my Lord's 
 lodgings where my wife had got ready a very fine dinner 
 — viz. a dish of marrow bones; a leg of mutton; a loin of 
 veal; a dish of fowl, three pullets, and two dozen of larks 
 all in a dish; a great tart, a neat's tongue, a dish of an- 
 chovies; a dish of prawns and cheese. My company was 
 my father, my uncle Fenner,^ his two sons, Mr. Pierce, and 
 all their wives, and my brother Tom. We were as merry as 
 I could frame myself to be in the company, W. Joyce talk- 
 ing after the old rate and drinking hard, vexed his father 
 and mother and wife. And I did perceive that Mrs. Pierce 
 her coming so gallant, that it put the two young women 
 quite out of courage. When it became dark they all went 
 away but Mr. Pierce, and W. Joyce, and their wives and 
 Tom, and drank a bottle of wine afterwards, so that Will 
 did heartily vex his father and mother by staying. At which 
 I and my wife were much pleased. Then they all went and 
 I fell to writing of two characters for Mr. Downing, and 
 carried them to him at nine o'clock at night, and he did 
 not like them but corrected them, so that to-morrow I am 
 
 1 William Jessop was Qerk of the Council under the Commonwealth, 
 and Secretary to the Commissioners of Parliament for Accounts. 
 
 2 Fenner lived in Old Bailey. Pepys's aunt Fenner died August 
 19th, 1661, after twenty-eight years of married life, and his uncle 
 married again in January, 1661-62; see January 19th. Uncle Fenner 
 himself died May 24th, 1664. Their daughter Kate married Anthony 
 Joyce. 
 
32 DIARY OF Jan. 26-28 
 
 to do them anew. To my Lord's lodging again and sat by 
 the great log, it being now a very good fire, with my wife, 
 and ate a bit and so home. The news this day is a letter 
 that speaks absolutely Monk's concurrence with this Parlia- 
 ment, and nothing else, which yet I hardly believe. After 
 dinner to-day my father showed me a letter from my Uncle 
 Robert,^ in answer to my last, concerning my money which 
 I would have out of my Coz. Beck's^ hand, wherein Beck 
 desires it four months longer, which I know not how to 
 spare. 
 
 27th. Going to my office I met with Tom Newton, my 
 old comrade, and took him to the Crown in the Palace," 
 and gave him his morning draft. And as he always did, did 
 talk very high what he would do with the Parliament, that 
 he would have what place he would, and that he might be 
 one of the Clerks to the Council if he would. Here I staid 
 talking with him till the offices were all shut, and then I 
 looked in the Hall, and was told by my bookseller, Mrs. 
 Michell, that Mr. G. Montagu * had inquired there for me. 
 So I went to his house, and was forced by him to dine with 
 him, and had a plenteous brave dinner and the greatest 
 civility that ever I had from any man. Thence home and 
 so to Mrs. Jem, and played with her at cards, and coming 
 home again my wife told me that Mr. Hawly had been there 
 to speak with me, and seemed angry that I had not been at 
 the office that day, and she told me she was afraid that Mr. 
 Downing may have a mind to pick some hole in my coat. 
 So I made haste to him, but found no such thing from him, 
 but he sent me to Mr. Sherwin's^ about getting Mr. Squib 
 to come to him to-morrow, and I carried him an answer. 
 So home and fell a writing the characters for Mr. Downing, 
 and about nine at night Mr. Hawly came, and after he was 
 
 1 Robert Pepys of Brampton, whose will was proved August 23rd, 
 1 661, uncle of Samuel. 
 
 ^ EUenor Pepys (baptized 1598) married George Becke of Lolworth, 
 CO. Cambridge. This cousin was probably one of their children. 
 
 ' The Crown was in Palace Yard. 
 
 * George Montagu, fifth son of Henry, first Earl of Manchester, 
 afterwards M.P. for Dover, and father of the first Earl of Halifax. He 
 was youngest brother of Lord Manchester. 
 
 * Mr. Sherwin was afterwards clerk to the Tangier Committee, see 
 January 17 th, 1664-65. 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 33 
 
 gone I sat up till almost twelve writing, and wrote two of 
 them. In the morning up early and wrote another, my wife 
 lying in bed and reading to me. 
 
 28th. I went to Mr. Downing and carried him three char- 
 acters, and then to my office and wrote another, while Mr. 
 Frost staid telling money. And after I had done it Mr. 
 Hawly came into the office and I left him and carried it to 
 Mr. Downing, who then told me that he was resolved to be 
 gone for Holland this morning. So I to my office again, 
 and dispatch my business there, and came with Mr. Hawly 
 to Mr. Downing's lodging, and took Mr. Squib from White 
 Hall in a coach thither with me, and there we waited in his 
 chamber a great while, till he came in; and in the mean 
 time, sent all his things to the barge that lay at Charing- 
 Cross Stairs. Then came he in, and took a very civil leave 
 of me, beyond my expectation, for I was afraid that he 
 would have told me something of removing me from my 
 office ; but he did not, but that he would do me any service 
 that lay in his power. So I went down and sent a porter 
 to my house for my best fur cap, but he coming too late 
 with it I did not present it to him. Thence I went to West- 
 minster Hall, and bound up my cap at Mrs. Michell's, who 
 was much taken with my cap, and endeavoured to overtake 
 the coach at the Exchange and to give it him there, but I met 
 with one that told me that he was gone, and so I returned 
 and went to Heaven,^ where Luellin and I dined on a breast 
 of mutton all alone, discoursing of the changes that we have 
 seen and the happiness of them that have estates of their 
 own, and so parted, and I went by appointment to my office 
 and paid young Mr. Walton ;^Soo; it being very dark he 
 took ;^300 by content. He gave me half a piece and car- 
 ried me in his coach to St. Clement's, from whence I went 
 to Mr. Crew's and made even with Mr. Andrews, and took 
 in all my notes and gave him one for all. Then to my 
 
 ' A place of entertainment within or adjoining Westminster Hall. 
 It is called in " Hudibras," " False Heaven, at the end of the Hall." 
 There were two other alehouses near Westminster Hall, called Hell 
 and Purgatory. 
 
 " Nor break his fast 
 In Heaven and Hell." 
 
 Ben Jonson's Alchemist, act v. sc. 2. 
 
34 DIARY OF Jan. 28-31 
 
 Lady Wright and gave her my Lord's letter which he bade 
 me give her privately. So home and then to Will's for a 
 little news, then came home again and wrote to my Lord, 
 and so to Whitehall and gave them to the post-boy. Back 
 again home and to bed. 
 
 29th. In the morning I went to Mr. Gunning's, where he 
 made an excellent sermon upon the 2d of the Galatians, 
 about the difference that fell between St. Paul and St. Peter 
 (the feast day of St. Paul being a day or two ago), whereby 
 he did prove, that, contrary to the doctrine of the Roman 
 Church, St. Paul did never own any dependance, or that he 
 was inferior to St. Peter, but that they were equal, only one 
 a particular charge of preaching to the Jews, and the other 
 to the Gentiles. Here I met with Mr. Moore, and went 
 home with him to dinner to Mr. Crew's, where Mr. Spurrier 
 being in town did dine with us. From thence I went home 
 and spent the afternoon in casting up my accounts, and do 
 find myself to be worth ;£40 and more, which I did not 
 think, but am afraid that I have forgot something. To my 
 father's to supper, where I heard by my brother Tom how 
 W. Joyce would the other day have Mr. Pierce and his wife 
 to the tavern after they were gone from my house, and that 
 he had so little manners as to make Tom pay his share not- 
 withstanding that he went upon his account, and by my 
 father I understand that my uncle Fenner and my aunt were 
 much pleased with our entertaining them. After supper 
 home without going to see Mrs. Turner. 
 
 30th. This morning, before I was up, I fell a-singing of 
 my song, "Great, good, and just," &c.^ and put myself 
 thereby in mind that this was the fatal day, now ten years 
 since, his Majesty died. Scull the waterman came and 
 
 1 This is the beginning of the Marquis of Montrose's verses on the 
 execution of Charles I., which Pepys had set to music : — 
 
 " Great, good, and just, could I but rate 
 My grief and thy too rigid fate, 
 I'd weep the world to such a strain 
 That it should deluge once again. 
 But since thy loud-tongued blood demands supplies 
 More from Briareus' hands, than Argus' eyes, 
 I'll sing thy obsequies with trumpet sounds. 
 And write thy epitaph with blood and wounds." 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 35 
 
 brought me a note from the Hope ^ from Mr. Hawly with 
 direction, about his money, he tarrying there till his master 
 be gone. To my office, where I received money of the 
 excise of Mr. Ruddyer, and after we had done went to Will's 
 and staid there till 3 o'clock and then I taking my £^\2 los. 
 od. due to me for my last quarter's salary, I went with them 
 by water to London to the house where Sign' Torriano ^ used 
 to be and staid there awhile with Mr. Ashwell, Spicer and 
 Ruddier. Then I went and paid ;£r2 17;'. 6d. due from 
 me to Capt" Dick Matthews according to his direction the 
 last week in a letter. After that I came back by water play- 
 ing on my flageolette and not finding my wife come home 
 again from her father's I went and sat awhile and played at 
 cards with Mrs. Jem, whose maid had newly got an ague 
 and was ill thereupon. So homewards again, having great 
 need to do my business, and so pretending to meet Mr. 
 Shott the wood monger of Whitehall I went and eased my- 
 self at the Harp and Ball, and thence home where I sat writ- 
 ing till bed-time and so to bed. There seems now to be a 
 general cease of talk, it being taken for granted that Monk 
 do resolve to stand to the Parliament, and nothing else. 
 Spent a little time this night in knocking up nails for my 
 hat and cloaks in my chamber. 
 
 31st. In the morning I fell to my lute till 9 o'clock. 
 Then to my Lord's lodgings and set out a barrel of soap to 
 be carried to Mrs. Ann. Here I met with Nick Bartlet, 
 one that had been a servant of my Lord's at sea and at 
 Harper's gave him his morning draft. So to my office where 
 I paid ;^i,2oo to Mr. Frost and at noon went to Will's to 
 give one of the Excise office a pot of ale that came to-day 
 to tell over a bag of his that wanted ;£•] in it, which he 
 found over in another bag. Then home and dined with my 
 wife when in came Mr. Hawly newly come from shipboard 
 from his master, and brought me a letter of direction what 
 to do in his lawsuit with Squib about his house and office. 
 
 1 This may be the Hope Tavern, or more probably the reach of the 
 Thames. 
 
 ^ Gio. Torriano, M.A., a teacher of Italian in London, who edited a 
 new edition of Florio's " Italian Dictionary." His " Piazza Universale 
 di Proverbi Italiani," published in 1666, is exceedingly rare, as the 
 greater part of the impression was burnt in the Fire of London. 
 
36 DIARY OF Jan. 31-Feb. 2 
 
 After dinner to Westminster Hall, where all we clerks had 
 orders to wait upon the Committee, at the Star Chamber 
 that is to try Colonel Jones, ^ and were to give an account 
 what money we had paid him; but the Committee did not 
 sit to-day. Hence to Will's, where I sat an hour or two 
 with Mr. Godfrey Austin, a scrivener in King Street. Here 
 I met and afterwards bought the answer to General Monk's 
 letter, which is a very good one, and I keep it by me. 
 Thence to Mrs. Jem, where I found her maid in bed in a 
 fit of the ague, and Mrs. Jem among the people below at work 
 and by and by she came up hot and merry, as if they had 
 given her wine, at which I was troubled, but said nothing; 
 after a game at cards, I went home and wrote by the post 
 and coming back called in at Harper's and drank with Mr. 
 Pulford, servant to Mr. Waterhouse,^ who tells me, that 
 whereas my Lord Fleetwood should have answered to the 
 Parliament to-day, he wrote a letter and desired a little 
 more time, he being a great way out of town. And how 
 that he is quite ashamed of himself, and confesses how he 
 had deserved this, for his baseness to his brother. And 
 that he is like to pay part of the money, paid out of the 
 Exchequer during the Committee of Safety, out of his own 
 purse again, which I am glad of. Home and to bed, leav- 
 ing my wife reading in Polixandre.^ I could find nothing 
 in Mr. Downing' s letter, which Hawly brought me, con- 
 cerning my office; but I could discern that Hawly had a 
 mind that I would get to be Clerk of the Council, I suppose 
 that he might have the greater salary; but I think it not safe 
 yet to change this for a public employment. 
 
 1 Colonel John Jones, impeached, with General Ludlow and Miles 
 Corbet, for treasonable practices in Ireland. 
 
 2 Probably Edward Waterhouse, an heraldic and miscellaneous writer, 
 styled by Lloyd " as the learned, industrious, and ingenious E. W. of 
 Sion College." His portrait was engraved by Loggan, and inserted in 
 a book of his, entitled "Fortescue lUustratus," folio, 1663; he died in 
 1670. 
 
 8 " Polexandre," by Louis Le Roy de Gomberville, was first published 
 in 1632. "The History of Polexander " was "done into English by 
 W. Browne," and published in folio, London, 1647. I' ^^s the earliest 
 of the French heroic romances, and it appears to have been the model 
 for the works of Calprenede and Mdlle. de Scuderi; see Dunlop's 
 " History of Fiction " for the plot of the romance. 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 37 
 
 February ist. In the morning went to my office where 
 afterwards the old man brought me my letters from the car- 
 rier. At noon 1 went home and dined with my wife on 
 pease porridge and nothing else. After that I went to the 
 Hall and there met with Mr. Swan and went with him to 
 Mr. Downing' s Counsellor, who did put me in very little 
 hopes about the business between Mr. Downing and Squib, 
 and told me that Squib would carry it against him, at which 
 I was much troubled, and with him went to Lincoln's Inn 
 and there spoke with his attorney, who told me the day that 
 was appointed for the trial. From thence I went to Sir Harry 
 Wright's'^ and got him to give me his hand for the ;^6o 
 which I am to-morrow to receive from Mr. Calthrop and 
 from thence to Mrs. Jem and spoke with Madam Scott ^ and 
 her husband who did promise to have the thing for her neck 
 done this week. Thence home and took Gammer East, 
 and James the porter, a soldier, to my Lord's lodgings, who 
 told me how they were drawn into the field to-day, and that 
 they were ordered to march away to-morrow to make room 
 for General Monk; but they did shut their Colonel Fitch,' 
 and the rest of the officers out of the field, and swore they 
 would not go without their money, and if they would not 
 give it them, they would go where they might have it, and 
 that was the City. So the Colonel went to the Parliament, 
 and commanded what money could be got, to be got against 
 to-morrow for them, and all the rest of the soldiers in town, 
 who in all places made a mutiny this day, and do agree 
 together. Here I took some bedding to send to Mrs. Ann 
 for her to lie in now she hath her fits of the ague. Thence 
 I went to Will's and staid like a fool there and played at 
 cards till 9 o'clock and so came home, where I found Mr. 
 Hunt and his wife who staid and sat with me till 10 and so 
 good night. 
 
 2d. Drank at Harper's with Doling, and so to my office, 
 
 1 Sir Harry Wright, M.P. for Harwich; created a baronet by Crom- 
 well, 1658, and by Charles H., 1660. He married Anne, daughter of 
 the first Lord Crew, and sister to Sir E. Montagu's wife, and resided 
 at Dagenham, Essex. 
 
 2 Probably Judith Pepys, wife of J. Scott; see January 6th, 1659-60. 
 
 s Thomas Fitch, colonel of a regiment of foot in 1658, M.P. for 
 Inverness; also Lieutenant of the Tower. 
 
38 DIARY OF Feb. 2-3 
 
 where I found all the officers of the regiments in town, 
 waiting to receive money that their soldiers might go out of 
 town, and what was in the Exchequer they had. At noon 
 after dining at home I called at Harper's for Doling, and 
 he and I met with Luellin and drank with him at the Ex- 
 chequer at Charing Cross, and thence he and I went to the 
 Temple to Mr. Calthrop's chamber, and from thence had 
 his man by water to London Bridge to Mr. Calthrop, a 
 grocer, and received ;^6o for my Lord. In our way we 
 talked with our waterman. White, ^ who told us how the 
 watermen had lately been abused by some that had a desire 
 to get in to be watermen to the State, and had lately pre- 
 sented an address of nine or ten thousand hands to stand by 
 this Parliament, when it was only told them that it was to 
 a petition against hackney coaches; and that to-day they 
 had put out another to undeceive the world and to clear 
 themselves, and that among the rest Cropp, my waterman 
 and one of great practice, was one that did cheat them thus. 
 After I had received the money we went to the Bridge Tav- 
 ern and drank a quart of wine and so back by water, landing 
 Mr. Calthrop's man at the Temple and we went homewards, 
 but over against Somerset House, hearing the noise of guns, 
 we landed and found the Strand full of soldiers. So I took 
 my money and went to Mrs. Johnson, my Lord's sempstress, 
 and giving her my money to lay up. Doling and I went up 
 stairs to a window, and looked out and see the foot face the 
 horse and beat them back, and stood bawling and calling in 
 the street for a free Parliament and money. By and by a 
 drum was heard to beat a march coming towards them, and 
 they got all ready again and faced them, and they proved 
 to be of the same mind with them; and so they made a great 
 deal of joy to see one another. After all this, I took my 
 money, and went home on foot and laying up my money, 
 and changing my stockings and shoes, I this day having left 
 off my great skirt suit, and put on my white suit with silver 
 lace coat, and went over to Harper's, where I met with W. 
 Simons, Doling, Luellin and three merchants, one of which 
 had occasion to use a porter, so they sent for one, and James 
 the soldier came, who told us how they had been all day 
 
 ^ Waterman White went to sea in May, l66l,and Pepys tried to get 
 his place for Waterman Payne. 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 39 
 
 and night upon their guard at St. James's, and that through 
 the whole town they did resolve to stand to what they had 
 began, and that to-morrow he did believe they would go 
 into the City, and be received there. After all this we went 
 to a sport called, selling of a horse for a dish of eggs and 
 herrings, and sat talking there till almost twelve o'clock and 
 then parted, they were to go as far as Aldgate. Home 
 and to bed. 
 
 3rd. Drank my morning draft at Harper's, and was told 
 there that the soldiers were all quiet upon promise of pay. 
 Thence to St. James's Park, and walked there to my place 
 for my flageolet and then played a little, it being a most 
 pleasant morning and sunshine. Back to Whitehall, where 
 in the guard-chamber I saw about thirty or forty 'prentices 
 of the City, who were taken at twelve o'clock last night and 
 brought prisoners hither. Thence to my office, where I 
 paid a little more money to some of the soldiers under 
 Lieut. -Col. Miller (who held out the Tower against the Par- 
 liament after it was taken away from Fitch by the Commit- 
 tee of Safety, and yet he continued in his office). About 
 noon Mrs. Turner came to speak with me, and Joyce, and 
 I took them and shewed them the manner of the Houses 
 sitting, the doorkeeper very civilly opening the door for us. 
 Thence with my cozen Roger Pepys,^ it being term time, 
 we took him out of the Hall to Prior's,^ the Rhenish wine- 
 house, and there had a pint or two of wine and a dish of 
 anchovies, and bespoke three or four dozen bottles of wine 
 for him against his wedding. After this done he went away, 
 and left me order to call and pay for all that Mrs. Turner 
 would have. So we called for nothing more there, but went 
 and bespoke a shoulder of mutton at Wilkinson's to be 
 
 1 Roger Pepys, son of Talbot Pepys of Impington, a barrister of the 
 Middle Temple, M.P. for Cambridge, 1661-78, and Recorder of that 
 town, 1 660-88. He married, for the third time, Parnell, daughter and 
 heiress of John Duke, of Workingham, co. Suffolk, and this was the 
 wedding for which the posy ring was required. 
 
 ^ There were several Rhenish wine-houses in different parts of Lon- 
 don. There was one in Cannon Row, and another on the east side of 
 King Street, Westminster. This latter was about the middle of the 
 street. There is a token of " John Garrew at ye old Renishe Wine 
 house. King Street, Westminster," 1668 (see "Boyne's Trade Tokens," 
 ed. Williamson, vol. i., 1889, p. 648). 
 
40 DIARY OF Feb. 3-5 
 
 roasted as well as it could be done, and sent a bottle of 
 wine home to my house. In the meantime she and I and 
 Joyce went walking all over White Hall, whither General 
 Monk was newly come, and we saw all his forces march by 
 in very good plight and stout ofificers. Thence to my house 
 where we dined, but with a great deal of patience, for the 
 mutton came in raw, and so we were fain to stay the stew- 
 ing of it. In the meantime we sat studying a Posy ' for a 
 ring for her which she is to have at Roger Pepys his wed- 
 ding. After dinner I left them and went to hear news, but 
 only found that the Parliament House was most of them with 
 Monk at White Hall, and that in his passing through the 
 town he had many calls to him for a free Parliament, but 
 little other welcome. I saw in the Palace Yard how unwill- 
 ing some of the old soldiers were yet to go out of town 
 without their money, and swore if they had it not in three 
 days, as they were promised, they would do them more mis- 
 chief in the country than if they had staid here; and that is 
 very likely, the country being all discontented. The town 
 and guards are already full of Monk's soldiers. I returned, 
 and it growing dark I and they went to take a turn in the 
 park, where Theoph. (who was sent for to us to dinner) out- 
 ran my wife and another poor woman, that laid a pot of ale 
 with me that she would outrun her. After that I set them 
 as far as Charing Cross, and there left them and my wife, 
 and I went to see Mrs. Ann, who began very high about a 
 flock bed I sent her, but I took her down. Here I played 
 at cards till 9 o'clock. So home and to bed. 
 
 4th. In the morning at my lute an hour, and so to my 
 office, where I staid expecting to have Mr. Squib come to 
 me, but he did not. At noon walking in the Hall I found 
 Mr. Swan and got him and Captain Stone together, and there 
 advised about Mr. Downing's business. So to Will's, and 
 sat there till three o'clock and then to Mr. Swan's, where I 
 found his wife in very genteel mourning for her father, and 
 
 1 It is supposed that the fashion of having mottoes inscribed on rings 
 was of Roman origin. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries the posy 
 was inscribed on the outside of the ring, and in the sixteenth and seven- 
 teenth centuries it was placed inside. A small volume was published 
 in 1674, entitled " Love's Garland: or Posies for Rings, Handkerchers 
 and Gloves, and such pretty tokens that Lovers send their Loves." 
 
i6s9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 41 
 
 took him out by water to the Counsellor at the Temple, Mr. 
 Stephens, and from thence to Gray's Inn, thinking to speak 
 with Sotherton Ellis, but found him not, so we met with an 
 acquaintance of his in the walks, and went and drank, where 
 I ate some bread and butter, having ate nothing all day, 
 while they were by chance discoursing of Harriot, the great 
 eater, so that I was, I remember, ashamed to eat what I 
 would have done. Here Swan shewed us a ballad to the 
 tune of Mardike which was most incomparably wrote in 
 a printed hand, which I borrowed of him, but the song 
 proved but silly, and so I did not write it out. Thence we 
 went and leaving Swan at his master's, my Lord Widdring- 
 ton, I met with Spicer, Washington, and D. Vines in Lin- 
 coln's Inn Court, and they were buying of a hanging-jack to 
 roast birds on of a fellow that was there selling of some. I 
 was fain to slip from there and went to Mrs. Crew's to her 
 and advised about a maid to come and be with Mrs. Jem 
 while her maid is sick, but she could spare none. Thence 
 to Sir Harry Wright's, but my lady not being within I spoke 
 to Mrs. Carter about it, who will get one against Monday. 
 So with a linkboy to Scott's, where Mrs. Ann was in a heat, 
 but I spoke not to her, but told Mrs. Jem what I had done, 
 and after that went home and wrote letters into the country 
 by the post, and then played awhile on my lute, and so done, 
 to supper and then to bed. All the news to-day is, that the 
 Parliament this morning voted the House to be made up 
 four hundred forthwith. This day my wife killed her turkeys 
 that Mr. Sheply gave her, that came out of Zealand with 
 my Lord, and could not get her maid Jane by no means at 
 any time to kill anything. 
 
 5th (Lord's day). In the morning before church time Mr. 
 Hawly, who had for this day or two looked something sadly, 
 which methinks did speak something in his breast concern- 
 ing me, came to me telling me that he was out ^24 which 
 he could not tell what was become of, and that he do 
 remember that he had such a sum in a bag the other day, 
 and could not tell what he did with it, at which I was very 
 sorry but could not help him. In the morning to Mr. Gun- 
 ning, where a stranger, an old man, preached a good honest 
 sermon upon " What manner of love is this that we should 
 be called the sons of God." After sermon I could not find 
 
42 DIARY OF Feb. S-7 
 
 my wife, who promised to be at the gate against my coming 
 out, and waited there a great while; then went to my house 
 and finding her gone I returned and called at the Chequers, 
 thinking to dine at the ordinary with Mr. Chetwind and 
 Mr. Thomas, but they not being there I went to my father 
 and found her there, and there I dined. To their church 
 in the afternoon, and in Mrs. Turner's pew my wife took up 
 a good black hood and kept it. A stranger preached a poor 
 sermon, and so I read over the whole book of the story of 
 Tobit. After sermon home with Mrs. Turner, staid with 
 her a little while, then she went into the court to a christen- 
 ing and we to my father's, where I wrote some notes for my 
 brother John to give to the Mercers ■' to-morrow, it being 
 the day of their apposition. After supper home, and be- 
 fore going to bed I staid writing of this day its passages, 
 while a drum came by, beating of a strange manner of beat, 
 now and then a single stroke, which my wife and I won- 
 dered at, what the meaning of it should be. This after- 
 noon at church I saw Dick Cumberland '^ newly come out of 
 the country from his living, but did not speak to him. 
 
 6th. Before I went to my office I went to Mr. Crew's and 
 paid Mr. Andrews the same ;^6o that he had received of Mr. 
 Calthrop the last week. So back to Westminster and walked 
 with him thither, where we found the soldiers all set in the 
 Palace Yard, to make way for General Monk to come to the 
 House.* At the Hall we parted, and meeting Swan, he and 
 
 1 The Mercers Company as the patrons of St. Paul's School. 
 
 ^ Richard Cumberland, of St. Paul's School, in his seventeenth year, 
 was admitted a pensioner of Magdalene College in 1649, and in 1653 
 he was elected a Fellow of the College. In 1658 he got possession of 
 the rectory of Brampton, but he was not legally instituted till 1661. He 
 was presented to the rectory of All Saints, Stamford, in 1668. See 
 Diary, March i8th, 1667, where Pepys writes: "The truth is, if he 
 would accept of my sister's fortune, I should give j£^ioo more with him 
 than to a man able to settle her four times as much as, I fear, he is able 
 to do." He dedicated his work on Jewish measures, 1686, to the Hon. 
 S. Pepys, " for that good affection being begun in your youth thirty 
 years ago in Magdalene College, Cambridge." He was made Bishop 
 of Peterborough i6gi, and died 1719, aged 86. 
 
 * " Feb. 6th. General Monk being in his lodgings at Whitehall, had 
 notice that the House had a desire to see him. He came into the 
 Court of Wards, and being there, the Sergeant-at-Arms went to meet 
 him with the mace, and his Lordship attended the Sergeant, who went 
 
i6S9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 43 
 
 I to the Swan and drank our morning draft. So back again 
 to the Hall, where I stood upon the steps and saw Monk go 
 by, he making observance to the judges as he went along. 
 At noon my father dined with me upon my turkey that was 
 brought from Denmark, and after dinner he and I to the 
 Bull Head Tavern, where we drank half a pint of wine and 
 so parted. I to Mrs. Ann, and Mrs. Jem being gone out of 
 the chamber she and I had a very high bout, I rattled her 
 up, she being in her bed, but she becoming more cool, we 
 parted pretty good friends. Thence I went to Will's, where 
 I staid at cards till lo o'clock, losing half a crown, and so 
 home to bed. 
 
 7 th. In the morning I went early to give Mr. Hawly 
 notice of my being forced to go into London, but he having 
 also business we left our office business to Mr. Spicer and 
 he and I walked as far as the Temple, where I halted a little 
 and then went to Paul's School, but it being too soon, went 
 and drank my morning draft with my cozen Tom Pepys the 
 turner,' and saw his house and shop, thence to school, where 
 he that made the speech for the seventh form in praise of 
 the founder, did show a book which Mr. Crumlum had lately 
 got, which is believed to be of the Founder's own writing.^ 
 After all the speeches, in which my brother John came off 
 as well as any of the rest, I went straight home and dined, 
 then to the Hall, where in the Palace I saw Monk's soldiers 
 abuse Billing ' and all the Quakers, that were at a meeting- 
 
 before him witli the mace on his shoulder, being accompanied with Mr. 
 Scott and Mr. Robinson." — Rugge's Diurnal. 
 
 1 His shop was in St.' Paul's Churchyard. See ante, January 24th, 
 1659-60. 
 
 2 John Colet, Dean of St. Paul's, born 1466, died September i6th, 
 1519. 
 
 3 " Fox, or some other ' weighty ' friend, on hearing of this, com- 
 plained to Monk, who issued the following order, dated March 9th : 
 ' I do require all officers and soldiers to forbear to disturb peaceable 
 meetings of the Quakers, they doing nothing prejudicial to the Parlia- 
 ment or the Commonwealth of England. George Monk.' This order, 
 we are told, had an excellent effect on the soldiers." — A. C. Bickley's 
 George Fox and the Early Quakers, London, 1884, p. 179. The 
 Quakers were at this time just coming into notice. The first preaching 
 of George Fox, the founder, was in 1648, and in 1655 the preachers of 
 the sect numbered seventy-three. Fox computed that there were 
 seldom less than a thousand quakers in prison. The statute 13 and 14 
 
44 DIARY OF Feb. 7-8 
 
 place there, and indeed the soldiers did use them very 
 roughly and were to blame. So after drinking with Mr. 
 Spicer, who had received ;£6oo for me this morning, I went 
 to Capt. Stone and with him by coach to the Temple Gar- 
 dens (all the way talking of the disease of the stone), where 
 we met Mr. Squib, but would do nothing till to-morrow 
 morning. Thence back on foot home, where I found a 
 letter from my Lord in character, which I construed, and 
 after my wife had shewn me some ribbon and shoes that she 
 had taken out of a box of Mr. Montagu's which formerly 
 Mr. Kipps had left here when his master was at sea, I went 
 to Mr. Crew and advised with him about it, it being con- 
 cerning my Lord's coming up to Town, which he desires 
 upon my advice the last week in my letter. Thence calling 
 upon Mrs. Ann I went home, and wrote in character to my 
 Lord in answer to his letter. This day Mr. Crew told me 
 that my Lord St. John ^ is for a free Parliament, and that he 
 is very great with Monk, who hath now the absolute com- 
 mand and power to do anything that he hath a mind to do. 
 Mr. Moore told me of a picture hung up at the Exchange of 
 a great pair of buttocks shooting of a turd into Lawson's 
 mouth, and over it was wrote "The thanks of the house." 
 Boys do now cry "Kiss my Parliament," instead of "Kiss 
 my [rump]," so great and general a contempt is the Rump 
 come to among all the good and bad. 
 
 8th. A little practice on my flageolet, and afterwards walk- 
 ing in my yard to see my stock of pigeons, which begin now 
 with the spring to breed very fast. I was called on by Mr. 
 Fossan,^ my fellow pupil at Cambridge, and I took him to 
 
 Car. II. cap. i. (1662) was "An act for preventing the mischiefs and 
 dangers that may arise by certain persons called quakers and others, 
 refusing to take lawful oaths." Billing is mentioned again on July 
 22nd, 1667, when he addressed Pepys in Westminster Hall. 
 
 1 Oliver St. John, born about 1598; called to the Bar as a member 
 of Lincoln's Inn, 1626; M.P. for Totnes, 1640; Solicitor-General, 
 January, 1640-1; Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, 1648, and after- 
 wards Lord Chief Justice of the Upper Bench. He died December 
 31st, 1673. His first wife, Johanna Altham, was aunt to Oliver Crom- 
 well and to John Hampden. His second wife was Elizabeth Cromwell, 
 first cousin to Oliver. 
 
 ^ College Entry Book, Junij 27, 165 1 : "Thomas ffossan, filius Thomae 
 ffossan, civis Londinensis, annum agens decimii Septimii e schola de 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 45 
 
 the Swan in the Palace yard, and drank together our morn- 
 ing draft. Thence to my office, where I received money, 
 and afterwards Mr. Carter,^ my old friend at Cambridge, 
 meeting me as I was going out of my office I took him to 
 the Swan, and in the way I met with Captain Lidcott, and 
 so we three went together and drank there, the Captain talk- 
 ing as high as ever he did, and more because of the fall of 
 his brother Thurlow.^ Hence I went to Captain Stone, who 
 told me how Squib had been with him, and that he could 
 do nothing with him, so I returned to Mr. Carter and with 
 him to Will's, where I spent upon him and Monsieur L' Im- 
 pertinent, alias Mr. Butler, who I took thither with me, and 
 thence to the Rhenish wine house, and in our way met with 
 Mr. Hoole, where I paid for my cozen Roger Pepys his 
 wine, and after drinking we parted. So I home, in my way 
 delivering a letter which among the rest I had from my Lord 
 to-day to Sir N. ^^'heele^. At home my wife's brother' 
 brought her a pretty black dog which I liked very well, and 
 went away again. Hence sending a porter with the hamper 
 of bottles to the Temple I called in my way upon Mrs. Jem, 
 who was much frighted till I came to tell her that her mother 
 was well. So to the Temple, where I delivered the wine 
 and received the money of my cos. Roger that I laid out, 
 and thence to my father's, where he shewed me a base angry 
 letter that he had newly received from my uncle Robert 
 about my brother John, at which my father was very sad, 
 but I comforted him and wrote an answer. My brother 
 John has an exhibition granted him from the school. My 
 father and I went down to his kitchen, and there we eat and 
 
 St. Mary Axe apud Londinenses, admissus est Pensionarius, tutore Dno. 
 Moreland." — M. B. 
 
 ^ The Rev. Charles Carter, a minister in Huntingdonshire; see 
 December 23rd, 1660. 
 
 2 John Thurloe, born 1616; Secretary of State to Cromwell; M.P. 
 for Ely, 1656, and for the University of Cambridge in Richard Crom- 
 well's Parliament of Becember, 1658. He was never employed after 
 the Restoration, although the King solicited his services. He died 
 February 21st, 1668. Pepys spells the name Thurlow, which was a 
 common spelling at the time. 
 
 ^ Balthasar St. Michel. Pepys seems to have done well for his 
 brother-in-law in later life, although, from the entries in the Diary, he 
 does not appear to have had a high opinion of him. St. Michel was 
 Muster Master at Deal in 1674, Storekeeper at Tangier in l68l, and 
 Naval Commissioner at Deptford in 1685. 
 
46 DIARY OF Feb. 8-10 
 
 drank, and about 9 o'clock I went away homewards, and in 
 Fleet Street, received a great jostle from a man that had a 
 mind to take the wall, which I could not help.^ I came 
 home and to bed. Went to bed with my head not well by 
 my too much drinking to-day, and I had a boil under my 
 chin which troubled me cruelly. 
 
 9th. Soon as out of my bed I wrote letters into the coun- 
 try to go by carrier to-day. Before I was out of my bed, I 
 heard the soldiers very busy in the morning, getting their 
 horses ready where they lay at Hilton's, but I knew not then 
 their meaning in so doing. After I had wrote my letters I 
 went to Westminster up and down the Hall, and with Mr. 
 Swan walked a good [deal] talking about Mr. Downing' s 
 business. I went with him to Mr. Phelps's house where he 
 had some business to solicit, where we met Mr. Rogers my 
 neighbour, who did solicit against him and talked very 
 high, saying that he would not for a _^r,ooo appear in a 
 business that Swan did, at which Swan was very angry, but 
 I believe he might be guilty enough. In the Hall I under- 
 stand how Monk is this morning gone into London with his 
 army; and met with Mr. Fage, who told me that he do 
 believe that Monk is gone to secure some of the Common- 
 council of the City, who were very high yesterday there, and 
 did vote that they would not pay any taxes till the House was 
 filled up. I went to my office, where I wrote to my Lord 
 after I had been at the Upper Bench, ^ where Sir Robert 
 Pye ^ this morning came to desire his discharge from the 
 
 ^ This was a constant trouble to the pedestrian until the rule of 
 passing to the right of the person met was generally accepted. Gay 
 commences his "Trivia" with an allujion to this — 
 
 " When to assert the wall, and when resign " — 
 
 and the epigram on the haughty courtier and the scholar is well known. 
 
 2 The King's Bench was called the Upper Bench at the time of the 
 Commonwealth, when the word King was abolished universally. 
 
 2 Sir Robert Pye, the elder, was auditor of the Exchequer, and a 
 staunch Royalist. He garrisoned his house at Faringdon, which was 
 besieged by his son, of the same names, a decided Republican, son-in- 
 law to Hampden, and colonel of horse under Fairfax. The son, here 
 spoken of, was subsequently committed to the Tower for presenting a 
 petition to the House of Commons from the county of Berks, which he 
 represented in Parliament, complaining of the want of a settled form of 
 government. He had, however, the courage to move for an habeas 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 47 
 
 Tower; but it could not be granted. After that I went to 
 Mrs. Jem, who I had promised to go along with to her Aunt 
 Wright's, but she was gone, so I went thither, and after 
 drinking a glass of sack I went back to Westminster Hall, 
 and meeting with Mr. Pierce the surgeon, who would needs 
 take me home, where Mr. Lucy, Burrell, and' others dined, 
 and after dinner I went home and to Westminster Hall, 
 where meeting Swan I went with him by water to the 
 Temple to our Counsel, and did give him a fee to make a 
 motion to-morrow in the Exchequer for Mr. Downing. 
 Thence to Westminster Hall, where I heard an action very 
 finely pleaded between my Lord Dorset ^ and some other 
 noble persons, his lady and other ladies of quality being 
 here, and it was about ;^330 per annum, that was to be paid 
 to a poor Spittal,^ which was given by some of his predeces- 
 sors; and given on his side. Then Swan and I to a drink- 
 ing-house near Temple Bar, where while he wrote I played 
 on my flageolet till a dish of poached eggs was got ready 
 for us, which we eat, and so by coach home. I called at 
 Mr. Harper's, who told me how Monk had this day clapt 
 up many of the Common-council, and that the Parliament 
 had voted that he should pull down their gates and portcul- 
 lisses, their posts and their chains, which he do intend to 
 do, and do lie in the City all night. I went home and got 
 some allum to my mouth, where I have the beginnings of a 
 cancer, and had also a plaster to my boil underneath my 
 chin. 
 
 loth. In the morning I went to Mr. Swan, who took me 
 to the Court of Wards, ^ where I saw the three Lords Corn- 
 corpus, but Judge Newdigate decided that the courts of law had not 
 the power to discharge him. Upon Monk's coining to London, the 
 secluded members passed a vote to liberate Pye, and at the Restoration 
 he was appointed equerry to the King. He died in 1701. — B. 
 
 1 Richard, fifth Earl of Dorset, died 1677. 
 
 2 This was the Sackville College for the poor, at East Grinstead, 
 founded by Robert Sackville, second Earl of Dorset, who died in 1608. 
 There is a good account of Sackville College in the "Gentleman's 
 Magazine" for December, 1848. — B. 
 
 ^ The Court of Wards and Liveries was first erected in the reign of 
 Henry VIII. for the administration of the estates of the king's wards 
 during their minority, and for delivery of seizin upon coming of age. 
 The court was practically put an end to by the Long Parliament (by 
 resolution of both houses), and was abolished 12 Car. II. 
 
48 DIARY OF Feb. lo-ii 
 
 missioners sitting upon some cause where Mr. Scobell was 
 concerned, and my Lord Fountaine^ took him up very 
 roughly about some things that he said. After that we 
 went to the Exchequer, where the Barons were hearing of 
 causes, and there I made affidavit that Mr. Downing was 
 gone into Holland by order of the Council of State, and 
 this affidavit I gave to Mr. Stevens our lawyer. Thence to 
 my office, where I got money of Mr. Hawly to pay the 
 lawyer, and there found Mr. Lenard, one of the Clerks of 
 the Council, and took him to the Swan and gave him his 
 morning draft. Then home to dinner, and after that to the 
 Exchequer, where I heard all the afternoon a great many 
 causes before the Barons; in the end came ours, and Squib 
 proved clearly by his patent that the house and office did 
 now belong to him. Our lawyer made some kind of oppo- 
 sition, but to no purpose, and so the cause was found 
 against us, and the foreman of the Jury brought in ;£io 
 damages, which the whole Court cried shame of, and so he 
 cried \2d. Thence I went home, vexed about this busi- 
 ness, and there I found Mr. Moore, and with him went 
 into London to Mr. Fage about the cancer in my mouth, 
 which begins to grow dangerous, who gave me something 
 for it, and also told me what Monk had done in the City, 
 how he had pulled down the most part of the gates and 
 chains that they could break down, and that he was now 
 gone back to White Hall. The City look mighty blank, 
 and cannot tell what in the world to do; the Parliament 
 having this day ordered that the Common-council sit no 
 more, but that new ones be chosen according to what quali- 
 fications they shall give them. Thence I went and drank 
 with Mr. Moore at the Sugar Loaf ^ by Temple Bar, where 
 Swan and I were last night, and so we parted. At home I 
 found Mr. Hunt, who sat talking with me awhile, and so to 
 bed. 
 
 nth. This morning I lay long abed, and then to my 
 
 1 Sir Thomas Widdrington and Sergeants Thomas Tyrrell and John 
 Fountaine had just been appointed Lords Commissioners of the Great 
 Seal. 
 
 ^ There are tokens of George Bryan at the Sugar Loaf without 
 Temple Bar (see " Boyne's Trade Tokens," ed. Williamson, vol. i., 
 1889, p. 761). 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 49 
 
 office, where I read all the morning my Spanish book of 
 Rome. At noon I walked in the Hall, where I heard the 
 news of a letter from Monk, who was now gone into the 
 City again, and did resolve to stand for the sudden filling 
 up of the House, and it was very strange how the counte- 
 nance of men in the Hall was all changed with joy in half 
 an hour's time. So I went up to the lobby, where I saw 
 the Speaker reading of the letter; and after it was read, Sir 
 A. Haselrigge came out very angry, and Billing ' standing at 
 the door, took him by the arm, and cried, "Thou man, will 
 thy beast carry thee no longer? thou must fall ! " The House 
 presently after rose, and appointed to meet again at three 
 o'clock. I went then down into the Hall, where I met with 
 Mr. Chetwind, who had not dined no more than myself, and 
 so we went toward London, in our way calling at two or 
 three shops, but could have no dinner. At last, within 
 Temple Bar, we found a pullet ready roasted, and there we 
 dined. After that he went to his office in Chancery Lane, 
 calling at the Rolls, where I saw the lawyers pleading. 
 Then to his office, where I sat in his study singing, while 
 he was with his man (Mr. Powell's son) looking after his 
 business. Thence we took coach for the City to Guildhall, 
 where the Hall was full of people expecting Monk and Lord 
 Mayor ^ to come thither, and all very joyfull. Here we 
 stayed a great while, and at last meeting with a friend of 
 his we went to the 3 Tun tavern and drank half a pint of 
 wine, and not liking the wine we went to an alehouse, 
 where we met with company of this third man's acquaint- 
 ance, and there we drank a little. Hence I went alone to 
 Guildhall to see whether Monk was come again or no, and 
 met with him coming out of the chamber where he had 
 been with the Mayor and Aldermen, but such a shout I 
 never heard in all my life, crying out, " God bless your Ex- 
 cellence." Here I met with Mr. Lock,' and took him to 
 
 1 The quaker mentioned before on the 7th of this month. 
 
 ^ Thomas Allen, afterwards created a baronet. 
 
 " Matthew Lock, the famous composer, was a native of Exeter and 
 a chorister in the cathedral of that city. He was employed to write 
 some triumphal music for performance during the King's progress from 
 the Tower to Whitehall. After which he was appointed composer in 
 ordinary to the King. The music to " Macbeth," associated with his 
 
so DIARY OF Feb. ii 
 
 an alehouse, and left him there to fetch Chetwind; when 
 we were come together, Lock told us the substance of the 
 letter that went from Monk to the Parliament; wherein, 
 after complaints that he and his officers were put upon such 
 offices against the City as they could not do with any con- 
 tent or honour, that there are many members now in the 
 House that were of the late tyrannical Committee of Safety.-' 
 That Lambert and Vane are now in town, contrary to the 
 vote of Parliament. That there were many in the House 
 that do press for new oaths to be put upon men; whereas 
 we have more cause to be sorry for the many oaths that we 
 have already taken and broken. That the late petition of 
 the fanatique people presented by Barebone,^ for the impos- 
 ing of an oath upon all sorts of people, was received by the 
 House with thanks. That therefore he [Monk] do desire 
 that all writs for filling up of the House be issued by Friday 
 next, and that in the mean time, he would retire into the 
 City and only leave them guards for the security of the 
 House and Council. The occasion of this was the order 
 that he had last night to go into the City and disarm them, 
 and take away their charter; whereby he and his officers say 
 that the House had a mind to put them upon things that 
 should make them odious; and so it woiild be in their power 
 to do what they would with them. He told us that they 
 [the Parliament] had sent Scott' and Robinson to him 
 [Monk] this afternoon, but he would not hear them. And 
 
 name, is by many attributed to Purcell. Lock became a Roman 
 Catholic, and resigning his appointment at the Chapel Royal was made 
 organist to the Queen at Somerset House. He died in August, 1677. 
 
 ^ The Committee of Public Safety consisted of the following members : 
 Fleetwood, Lambert, Desborough, Steel, Whitelocke, Vane, Ludlow, 
 Sydenham, Salloway, Strickland, Berry, Lawrence, Sir James Harring- 
 ton, Johnston of Warriston, Henry ISrandreth, Cornelius Holland, 
 Colonels Hewson, Clarke, Bennet, and Lilburn. 
 
 2 Praise God Barebone (or Barbon), an active member of the Parlia- 
 ment called by his name. About this period he had appeared at the 
 head of a band of fanatics, and alarmed Monk, who well knew his 
 influence. He was a leather seller in Fleet Street. He died January, 
 1679-80, and was buried at St. Andrew's, Holborn. 
 
 " Thomas Scott, referred to on January loth of this year, and Luke 
 Robinson. Both were members of Parliament and of the Council of 
 State. They were selected, as firm adherents of the Rump, to watch 
 Monk's proceedings. 
 
i6s9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. SI 
 
 that the Mayor and Aldermen had offered him their own 
 houses for himself and his officers; and that his soldiers 
 would lack for nothing. And indeed I saw many people 
 give the soldiers drink and money, and all along in the 
 streets cried, " God bless them ! " and extraordinary good 
 words. Hence we went to a merchant's house hard by, 
 where Lock wrote a note and left, where I saw Sir Nich. 
 Crisp, ^ and so we went to the Star Tavern^ (Monk being 
 then at Benson's), where we dined and I wrote a letter to 
 my Lord from thence. In Cheapside there was a great 
 many bonfires, and Bow bells and all the bells in all the 
 churches as we went home were a-ringing. Hence we went 
 homewards, it being about ten o'clock. But the common 
 joy that was every where to be seen! The number of bon- 
 fires, there being fourteen between St. Dunstan's and Temple 
 Bar, and at Strand Bridge ^ I could at one view tell thirty- 
 one fires. In King-street seven or eight; and all along 
 burning, and roasting, and drinking for rumps. There 
 being rumps tied upon sticks and carried up and down. 
 The butchers at the May Pole in the Strand ^ rang a peal 
 with their knives when they were going to sacrifice their 
 rump. On Ludgate Hill there was one turning of the spit 
 that had a rump tied upon it, and another basting of it. 
 Indeed it was past imagination, both the greatness and the 
 suddenness of it. At one end of the street you would think 
 there was a whole lane of fire, and so hot that we were fain 
 to keep still on the further side merely for heat. We came 
 to the Chequers at Charing Cross, where Chetwind wrote a 
 
 1 An eminent merchant actively engaged in the African trade, and 
 one of the farmers of the Customs. He had advanced large sums to 
 assist Charles I., who knighted him, January 1st, 1641. He was 
 elected member of Parliament for Winchelsea in the Long Parliament, 
 but expelled February 2nd, 1641. He was one of the Commission 
 sent to Charles II. at Breda, and created a baronet April i6th, 1665. 
 He died February 26th, 1665-6, and was buried in the church of 
 St. Mildred, Bread Street. His mansion at Hammersmith stood on 
 the site of Brandenburgh House. 
 
 ^ The Star tavern was in Cheapside. 
 
 ^ Described in Maitland's " History of London " as a handsome 
 bridge crossing the Strand, near the east end of Catherine Street, 
 under which a small stream glided from the fields into the Thames, 
 near Somerset House. 
 
 * Where stands the church of St. Mary-le-Strand. 
 
52 DIARY OF Feb. 11-13 
 
 letter and I gave him an account of what I had wrote for 
 him to write. Thence home and sent my letters to the post- 
 house in London, and my wife and I (after Mr. Hunt was 
 gone, whom I found waiting at my house) went out again 
 to show her the fires, and after walking as far as the Ex- 
 change we returned and to bed. 
 
 12th. In the morning, it being- Lord's day, Mr. Pierce 
 came to me to enquire how things go. We drank our 
 morning draft together and thence to White Hall, where 
 Dr. Hones ^ preached; but I staid not to hear, but walking 
 in the court, I heard that Sir Arth. Haselrigge was newly 
 gone into the City to Monk, and that Monk's wife ^ removed 
 from White Hall last night. Home again, where at noon 
 came according to my invitation my cos. Thos. Pepys and 
 his partner and dined with me, but before dinner we went 
 and took a walk round the park, it being a most pleasant 
 day as ever I saw. After dinner we three went into London 
 together, where I heard that Monk had been at Paul's in 
 the morning, and the people had shouted much at his com- 
 ing out of the church. In the afternoon he was at a church 
 in Broad-street,' whereabout he do lodge. But not know- 
 ing how to see him we went and walked half a hour in 
 Moorfields, which were full of people, it being so fine a 
 day. Here I took leave of them, and so to Paul's, where 
 I met with Mr. Kirton's* apprentice (the crooked fellow) 
 
 1 Nathaniel Holmes, D.D., of Exeter College, Oxford. He was the 
 intruding incumbent of St. Mary Staining, London, and ejected by the 
 Act of Uniformity, and died in 1676. He was a very learned, but 
 voluminous and fanciful writer. A list of his works is given in Wood's 
 "Athenae" (ed. Bliss), vol. iii., 1160. See also Kennett's " Register," 
 p. 827. 
 
 ^ Anne Clarges, said to be the daughter of a blacksmith, but a more 
 distinguished parentage has been given to her brother. She was bred 
 a milliner, and became first mistress of General Monk and afterwards 
 (1654) his wife. It was said that when she married Monk she had a 
 husband named Radford living. 
 
 2 Monk lodged at the Glasshouse in Broad Street. "Feb. 12, 
 1659-60, Monk drew up his forces in Finsbury, dined with the Lord 
 Mayor, had conference with him and the Court of Aldermen, retired 
 to the Bull Head in Cheapside, and quartered at the Glass-House in 
 Broad Street." — Whitelocke. 
 
 '' Joseph Kirton was a bookseller in St. Paul's Churchyard, at the 
 sign of " The King's Arms," ruined by the Fire of London. His death, 
 
i6s9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. S3 
 
 and walked up and down with him two hours, sometimes 
 in the street looking for a tavern to drink in, but not find- 
 ing any open, we durst not knock; other times in the 
 churchyard, where one told me that he had seen the letter 
 printed. Thence to Mr. Turner's, where I found my wife, 
 Mr. Edw. Pepys,' and Roger'-* and Mr. Armiger being there, 
 to whom I gave as good an account of things as I could, and 
 so to my father's, where Charles Glascocke^ was overjoyed 
 to see how things are now; who told me the boys had last 
 night broke Barebone's windows. Hence home, and being 
 near home we missed our maid, and were at a great loss and 
 went back a great way to find her, but when we could not 
 see her we went homewards and found her there, got before 
 us which we wondered at greatly. So to bed, where my 
 wife and I had some high words upon my telling her that 
 I would fling the dog which her brother gave her out of 
 window if he [dirtied] the house any more. 
 
 1 3th. To my office till noon, thence home to dinner, my 
 mouth being very bad of the cancer and my left leg begin- 
 ning to be sore again. After dinner to see Mrs. Jem, and 
 in the way met with Catan on foot in the street and talked 
 with her a little, so home and took my wife to my father's. 
 In my way I went to Playford's,^ and for two books that I 
 had and 6j'. dd. to boot I had my great book of songs which 
 he sells always for 14^. At my father's I staid a while, while 
 my mother sent her maid Bess to Cheapside for some herbs 
 to make a water for my mouth. Then I went to see Mr. 
 Cumberland, and after a little stay with him I returned, and 
 
 in October, 1667, is recorded in Smith's "Obituary," printed for the 
 Camden Society. He was buried in St. Faith's. 
 
 1 Edward Pepys of Broomsthorpe, co. Norfolk, and of the Middle 
 Temple, born 1617; married Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of 
 John Walpole of Broomsthorpe. He was brother of Mrs. Turner, and 
 died December 22nd, 1663. 
 
 ''■ Roger Pepys. 
 
 ' Pepys calls Charles Glasscock cousin under July 29th, 1 66 1, but he 
 was really no relation. He was brother-in-law of his first cousin's wife 
 (Judith Pepys, nee Cutter). Glasscock lived in Fleet Street (see April 
 22nd, 1661). 
 
 * John Playford (1623-1693), the music-seller, whose shop was in 
 the Temple. His " Introduction to the Skill of Musick," first published 
 in 1655, went through many editions. He was known as " Honest John 
 Playford," and was succeeded in his business by his son Henry. 
 
54 DIARY OF Feb. 13-16 
 
 took my wife home, where after supper to bed. This day 
 Monk was invited to White Hall to dinner by my Lords; not 
 seeming willing, he would not come. I went to Mr. Fage 
 from my father's, who had been this afternoon with Monk, 
 who do promise to live and die with the City, and for the 
 honour of the City; and indeed the City is very open- 
 handed to the soldiers, that they are most of them drunk all 
 day, and have money given them. He did give me some- 
 thing for my mouth which I did use this night. 
 
 14th. Called out in the morning by Mr. Moore, whose 
 voice my wife hearing in my dressing-chamber with me, 
 got herself ready, and came down and challenged him for 
 her valentine, this being the day.^ To Westminster Hall, 
 there being many new remonstrances and declarations from 
 many counties to Monk and the City, and one coming from 
 the North from Sir Thomas Fairfax.^ Hence I took him to 
 the Swan and gave him his morning draft. So to my office, 
 where Mr. Hill of Worcestershire came to see me and my 
 partner in our office, with whom we went to Will's to drink. 
 At noon I went home and so to Mr. Crew's, but they had 
 dined, and so I went to see Mrs. Jem where I stayed a 
 while, and home again where I stayed an hour or two at my 
 lute, and so forth to Westminster Hall, where I heard that 
 the Parliament hath now changed the oath so much talked 
 of to a promise ; and that among other qualifications for the 
 members that are to be chosen, one is, that no man, nor the 
 son of any man that hath been in arms during the life of 
 the father, shall be capable of being chosen to sit in Par- 
 liament. To Will's, where like a fool I staid and lost dd. at 
 cards. So home, and wrote a letter to my Lord by the post. 
 So after supper to bed. This day, by an order of the 
 House, Sir H. Vane ^ was sent out of town to his house in 
 Lincolnshire. 
 
 1 The practice of choosing valentines was very general at this time, 
 but some of the best examples of the custom are found in this Diary. 
 
 2 Thomas Lord Fairfax, mentioned before. He had succeeded to 
 the Scotch barony of Fairfax of Cameron, on the death of his father in 
 1647; even after his accession to the title he is frequently styled " Sir 
 Thomas " in the pamphlets and papers of the day. 
 
 ^ Sir H. Vane the younger had married Frances, daughter of Sir 
 Christopher Wray of Ashby, Lincolnshire, Bart. 
 
i6s9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 55 
 
 15 th. Called up in the morning by Captain Holland and 
 Captain Cuttance/and witii them to Harper's, thence to my 
 office, thence with Mr. Hill of Worcestershire to Will's, 
 where I gave him a letter to Nan Pepys,^ and some merry 
 pamphlets against the Rump to carry to her into the coun- 
 try. So to Mr. Crew's, where the dining room being full, 
 Mr. Walgrave ^ and I dined below in the buttery by our- 
 selves upon a good dish of buttered salmon. Thence to 
 Hering* the merchant about my Lord's Worcester money 
 and back to Paul's Churchyard, where I staid reading in 
 Fuller's History of the Church of England ^ an hour or two, 
 and so to my father's, where Mr. Hill came to me and I 
 gave him direction what to do at Worcester about the 
 money. Thence to my Lady Wright's and gave her a letter 
 from my Lord privily. So to Mrs. Jem and sat with her, 
 who dined at Mr. Crew's to-day, and told me that there was 
 at her coming away at least forty gentlemen (I suppose 
 members that were secluded, for Mr. Walgrave told me that 
 there were about thirty met there the last night) came drop- 
 ping in one after another thither. Thence home and wrote 
 into the country against to-morrow by the carrier and so to 
 bed. At my father's I heard how my cousin Kate Joyce " 
 had a fall yesterday from her horse and had some hurt 
 thereby. No news to-day, but all quiet to see what the 
 Parliament will do about the issuing of the writs to-mor- 
 row for filling up of the House, according to Monk's desire. 
 
 1 6th. In the morning at my lute. Then came Shaw and 
 Hawly, and I gave them their morning draft at my house. 
 
 ^ Roger Cuttance, a native of Weymouth, appointed captain of the 
 "Peace" frigate in 1651, and to the "Naseby" in 1657. He was 
 knighted, July ist, 1665, after having in the battle of June 3rd mainly 
 contributed to the defeat of the Dutch. He afterwards fell into 
 disgrace. 
 
 2 Anne Pepys, of Worcestershire, married Mr. Fisher for her second 
 husband. (See June 12th, 1662.) 
 
 8 Edward Walgrave (or Waldegrave) was the father of Jemima, 
 wife of John Crew, afterwards Lord Crew. 
 
 * Mr. Herring was a merchant in Colman Street. 
 
 ° Thomas Fuller's " Church History of Britain," London, 1656, folio, 
 is in the Pepysian Library. 
 
 6 Kate, wife of Anthony Joyce, who kept the Three Stags at Holborn 
 Conduit. 
 
56 DIARY OF Feb. 16-19 
 
 So to my office, where I wrote by the carrier to my Lord 
 and sealed my letter at Will's, and gave it old East to carry 
 it to the carrier's, and to take up a box of china oranges 
 and two little barrels of scallops at my house, which Cap- 
 tain Cuttance sent to me for my Lord. Here I met with 
 Osborne ^ and with Shaw and Spicer, and we went to the Sun 
 Tavern in expectation of a dinner, where we had sent us 
 only two trenchers full of meat, at which we were very 
 merry, while in came Mr. Wade and his friend Capt. Moyse 
 (who told us of his hopes to get an estate merely for his 
 name's sake), and here we staid till seven at night, I win- 
 ning a quart of sack of Shaw that one trencherfull that was 
 sent us was all lamb and he that it was veal. I by having 
 but T,d. in my pocket made shift to spend no more, whereas 
 if I had had more I had spent more as the rest did, so that 
 I see it is an advantage to a man to carry little in his 
 pocket. Home, and after supper, and a little at my flute, 
 I went to bed. 
 
 17th. In the morning Tom that was my Lord's footboy 
 came to see me and had los. of me of the money which I 
 have to keep of his. So that now I have but 35J. more of 
 his. Then came Mr. Hills the instrument maker, and I 
 consulted with him about the altering my lute and my viall. 
 After that I went into my study and did up my accounts, 
 and found that I am about ^i\o beforehand in the world, 
 and that is all. So to my office and from thence brought 
 Mr. Hawly home with me to dinner, and after dinner wrote 
 a letter to Mr. Downing about his business and gave it 
 Hawly, and so went to Mr. Gunning's to his weekly fast, 
 and after sermon, meeting there with Monsieur L' Imper- 
 tinent, we went and walked in the park till it was dark. I 
 played on my pipe at the Echo, and then drank a cup of 
 ale at Jacob's. So to Westminster Hall, and he with me, 
 where I heard that some of the members of the House were 
 gone to meet with some of the secluded members and Gen- 
 eral Monk in the City. Hence we went to White Hall, 
 thinking to hear more news, where I met with Mr. Hunt, 
 who told me how Monk had sent for all his goods that he 
 had here into the City; and yet again he told me, that 
 some of the members of the House had this day laid in firing 
 1 Nicholas Osborne, Mr. Gauden's clerk. 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. S7 
 
 into their lodgings at White Hall for a good while, so that 
 we are at a great stand to think what will become of things, 
 whether Monk will stand to the Parliament or no. Hence 
 Mons. L'Impertinent and I to Harper's, and there drank a 
 cup or two to the King, and to his fair sister Frances* ^ 
 good health, of whom we had much discourse of her not 
 being much the worse for the small pox, which she had this 
 last summer. So home and to bed. This day we are in- 
 vited to my uncle Fenner's wedding feast, but went not, 
 this being the 27th year. 
 
 1 8th. A great while at my vial and voice, learning to sing 
 "Fly boy, fly boy," without book. So to my office, where 
 little to do. In the Hall I met with Mr. Eglin and one 
 Looker, a famous gardener, servant to my Lord Salsbury, 
 and among other things the gardener told a strange passage 
 in good earnest. . . . Home to dinner, and then went to 
 my Lord's lodgings to my turret there and took away most 
 of my books, and sent them home by my maid. Thither 
 came Capt. Holland to me who took me to the Half Moon 
 tavern and Mr. Southome, Blackburne's clerk. Thence 
 he took me to the Mitre in Fleet Street, where we heard 
 (in a room over the music room) very plainly through the 
 ceiling. Here we parted and I to Mr. Wotton's, and with 
 him to an alehouse and drank while he told me a great many 
 stories of comedies that he had formerly seen acted, and 
 the names of the principal actors, and gave me a very good 
 account of it. Thence to Whitehall, where I met with 
 Luellin and in the clerk's chamber wrote a letter to my 
 Lord. So home and to bed. This day two soldiers were 
 hanged in the Strand for their late mutiny at Somerset- 
 house.^ 
 
 19th (Lord's day). Early in the morning I set my 
 books that I brought home yesterday up in order in my 
 study. Thence forth to Mr. Harper's to drink a draft of 
 
 1 Frances Butler, the great beauty, who is sometimes styled la belle 
 Boteler. 
 
 2 " They were brought to the place of execution, which was at 
 Charing Cross, and over against Somerset House in the Strand, where 
 were two gibbets erected. These men were the grand actors in the 
 mutinies at Gravesend, at Somerset House, and in St. James' Fields." 
 — Rugge's Diurnal, — B. 
 
58 DIARY OF Feb. 19-21 
 
 purle/ whither by appointment Monsieur L' Impertinent, 
 who did intend too upon my desire to go along with me to St. 
 Bartholomew's, to hear one Mr. Sparks, but it raining very 
 hard we went to Mr. Gunning's and heard an excellent ser- 
 mon, and speaking of the character that the Scripture gives 
 of Ann the mother of the blessed Virgin, he did there speak 
 largely in commendation of widowhood, and not as we do 
 to marry two or three wives or husbands, one after another. 
 Here I met with Mr. Moore, and went home with him to 
 dinner, where he told me the discourse that happened be- 
 tween the secluded members and the members of the House, 
 before Monk last Friday. How the secluded said, that they 
 did not intend by coming in to express revenge upon these 
 men, but only to meet and dissolve themselves, and only 
 to issue writs for a free Parliament. He told me how Hasel- 
 rigge was afraid to have the candle carried before him, for 
 fear that the people seeing him, would do him hurt; and 
 that he is afraid to appear in the City. That there is great 
 likelihood that the secluded members will come in, and so 
 Mr. Crew and my Lord are likely to be great men, at which 
 I was very glad. After dinner there was many secluded 
 members come in to Mr. Crew, which, it being the Lord's 
 day, did make Mr. Moore believe that there was something 
 extraordinary in the business. Hence home and brought 
 my wife to Mr. Mossum's to hear him, and indeed he made 
 a very good sermon, but only too eloquent for a pulpit. 
 Here Mr. L' Impertinent helped me to a seat. After sermon 
 to my father's, and fell in discourse concerning our going 
 to Cambridge the next week with my brother John. To 
 Mrs. Turner where her brother, Mr. Edward Pepys, was 
 • there, and I sat a great while talking of public business of 
 the times with him. So to supper to my Father's, all supper 
 talking of John's going to Cambridge. So home, and it 
 raining my wife got my mother's French mantle and my 
 brother John's hat, and so we went all along home and to 
 bed. 
 
 20th. In the morning at my lute. Then to my office, 
 where my partner and I made even our balance. Took him 
 home to dinner with me, where my brother John came to 
 
 1 Purl is hot beer flavoured with wormwood or other aromatic herbs. 
 The name is also given to hot beer flavoured with gin, sugar, and 
 ginger. 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 59 
 
 dine with me. After dinner I took him to my study at 
 home and at my Lord's, and gave him some books and other 
 things against his going to Cambridge. After he was gone I 
 went forth to Westminster Hall, where I met with Chetwind, 
 Simons, and Gregory.^ And with them to Marsh's at White- 
 hall to drink, and staid there a pretty while reading a pam- 
 phlet well writ and directed to General Monk, in praise of 
 the form of monarchy which was settled here before the 
 wars.^ They told me how the Speaker Lenthall do refuse 
 to sign the writs for choice of new members in the place of 
 the excluded j and by that means the writs could not go out 
 to-day. In the evening Simons and I to the Coffee Club, 
 where nothing to do only I heard Mr. Harrington, and my 
 Lord of Dorset and another Lord, talking of getting another 
 place as the Cockpit, and they did believe it would come 
 to something. After a small debate upon the question 
 whether learned or unlearned subjects are the best the Club 
 broke up very poorly, and I do not think they will meet any 
 more. Hence with Vines, &c. to Will's, and after a pot or 
 two home, and so to bed. 
 
 2 1 St. In the morning going out I saw many soldiers going 
 towards Westminster, and was told that they were going to 
 admit the secluded members again. So I to Westminster 
 Hall, and in Chancery Row' I saw about twenty of them 
 who had been at White Hall with General Monk, who came 
 hither this morning, and made a speech to them, and rec- 
 ommended to them a Commonwealth, and against Charles 
 Stuart.^ They came to the House and went in one after 
 
 1 Thomas Gregory was, in 1672, Clerk of the Cheque at Chatham. 
 
 '^ This pamphlet is among the Thomason Collection of Civil War 
 Tracts (British Museum), and dated in MS. this same day, February 
 20th — "A Plea for Limited Monarchy as it was established in this 
 Nation before the late War. In an Humble Address to his Excellency 
 General Monck. By a Zealot for the good old Laws of his Country, 
 before any Faction or Caprice, with additions." "An Eccho to the 
 Plea for Limited Monarchy, &c.," was published soon afterwards. 
 
 ^ Chancery Row must have been near the end of the hall where the 
 Court 6f Chancery was situated. 
 
 * This remarkable speech is given at length by Rugge, who adds 
 that about fourscore of the secluded members attended the first meet- 
 ing of the House. It is highly probable that Monk had ascertained 
 that they were ready to support him, before he committed himself to 
 the Parliament. — B. 
 
60 DIARY OF Feb. 21-22 
 
 another, and at last the Speaker came. But it is very strange 
 that this could be carried so private, that the other members 
 of the House heard nothing of all this, till they found them 
 in the House, insomuch that the soldiers that stood there to 
 let in the secluded members, they took for such as they had 
 ordered to stand there to hinder their coming in. Mr. 
 Prin ^ came with an old basket hilt sword on, and had a great 
 many great shouts upon his going into the Hall. They sat 
 till noon, and at their coming out Mr. Crew saw me, and 
 bid me come to his house, which I did, and he would have 
 me dine with him, which I did; and he very joyful told 
 me that the House had made General Monk, General of all 
 the Forces in England, Scotland, and Ireland; and that 
 upon Monk's desire, for the service that Lawson had lately 
 done in pulling down the Committee of Safety, he had the 
 command of the Sea for the time being. He advised me 
 to send for my Lord forthwith, and told me that there is 
 no question that, if he will, he may now be employed 
 again; and that the House do intend to do nothing more 
 than to issue writs, and to settle a foundation for a free 
 Parliament. After dinner I back to Westminster Hall with 
 him in his coach. Here I met with Mr. Lock and Pursell,^ 
 Masters of Music, and with them to the Coffee House, into 
 a room next the water, by ourselves, where we spent an hour 
 or two till Captain Taylor came to us, who told us, that 
 the House had voted the gates of the City to be made up 
 again, and the members of the City'' that are in prison to 
 be set at liberty; and that Sir G. Booth's* case be brought 
 into the House to-morrow. Here we had variety of brave 
 
 1 William Prynne, born 1600, well known by his voluminous publica- 
 tions, and the persecution which he endured. He was M.P. for Bath, 
 l65o, and died October 24th, i66g. Appointed Keeper of Tower 
 Records, 1660. 
 
 2 Matthew Lock, see ante, February nth, 1659-60. Henry Purcell, 
 father of the celebrated composer, was gentleman of the Chapel Royal, 
 member of the Royal Band, singing-man at Westminster Abbey, master 
 of the boys there, and music copyist. He died 1664. 
 
 ' Richard Brown, William Wilde, John Robinson, and William 
 Vincent. 
 
 * Sir George Booth of Dunham Massey, Bart., created Baron de la 
 Mere, 1661, for his services in behalf of the King. At this time he 
 was a prisoner in the Tower, from which he was released the next day 
 Died 1684. 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 61 
 
 Italian and Spanish songs, and a canon for eight voices, 
 which Mr. Lock had lately made on these words : " Domine 
 salvum fac Regem," an admirable thing. Here also Capt. 
 Taylor began a discourse of something that he had lately 
 writ about Gavelkind -^ in answer to one that had wrote a 
 piece upon the same subject; and indeed discovered a 
 great deal of study in antiquity in his discourse. Here out 
 of the window it was a most pleasant sight to see the City 
 from one end to the other with a glory about it, so high was 
 the light of the bonfires, and so thick round the City, and 
 the bells rang everywhere. Hence home and wrote to my 
 Lord, afterwards came down and found Mr. Hunt (troubled 
 at this change) and Mr. Spong, who staid late with me 
 singing of a song or two, and so parted. My wife not very 
 well, went to bed before. This morning I met in the Hall 
 with Mr. Fuller, of Christ's, and told him of my design to 
 go to Cambridge, and whither. He told me very freely 
 the temper of Mr. Widdrington, how he did oppose all the 
 fellows in the College, and that there was a great distance 
 between him and the rest, at which I was very sorry, for 
 that he told me he feared it would be little to my brother's 
 advantage to be his pupil. 
 
 22nd. In the morning intended to have gone to Mr. Crew's 
 to borrow some money, but it raining I forbore, and went 
 to my Lord's lodging and look that all things were well 
 there. Then home and sang a song to my viall, so to my 
 ofifice and to Will's, where Mr. Pierce found me out, and 
 told me that he would go with me to Cambridge, where 
 Colonel Ayre's regiment, to which he was surgeon, lieth. 
 Walking in the Hall, I saw Major-General Brown,^ who had 
 a long time been banished by the Rump, but now with his 
 beard overgrown, he comes abroad and sat in the House. 
 To my father's to dinner, where nothing but a small dish of 
 
 1 Silas Taylor published "The History of Gavel-kind " in 1663. 
 
 ^ Richard Brown, a major-general of the Parliament forces, citizen 
 of London and a woodmonger; Sheriff of London, 1647. He was 
 imprisoned for five years, but in Richard Cromwell's Parliament he was 
 one of the members for London. He was one of the deputation from 
 the City of London to Charles H. at Breda, and he and his eldest son 
 were knighted. Lord Mayor, 1 660; he was created a baronet for his 
 prompt action during Venner's insurrection, and the City rewarded him 
 with a pension of ;f500. He died September 24th, 1669. 
 
62 DIARY OF Feb. 22-25 
 
 powdered beef ^ and dish of carrots; they being all busy to 
 get things ready for my brother John to go to-morrow. After 
 dinner, my wife staying there, I went to Mr. Crew's, and got 
 £,S of Mr. Andrews, and so to Mrs. Jemimah, who now hath 
 her instrument about her neck, and indeed is infinitely 
 altered, and holds her head upright.^ I paid her maid 40J-. 
 of the money that I have received of Mr. Andrews. Hence 
 home to my study, where I only wrote thus much of this day's 
 passages to this * and so out again. To White Hall, where 
 I met with Will. Simons and Mr. Mabbot at Marsh's, who 
 told me how the House had this day voted that the gates of 
 the City should be set up at the cost of the State. And that 
 Major-General Brown's being proclaimed a traitor be made 
 void, and several other things of that nature. Home for my 
 lanthorn and so to my father's, where I directed John what 
 books to put for Cambridge. After that to supper, where 
 my Uncle Fenner and my Aunt, The. Turner, and Joyce, 
 at a brave leg of veal roasted, and were very merry against 
 John's going to Cambridge. I observed this day how 
 abominably Barebone's windows are broke again last night. 
 At past 9 o'clock my wife and I went home. 
 
 23rd. Thursday, my birthday, now twenty-seven years. 
 A pretty fair morning, I rose and after writing a while in 
 my study I went forth. To my office, where I told Mr. 
 Hawly of my thoughts to go out of town to-morrow. Hither 
 Mr. Fuller comes to me and my Uncle Thomas too, thence 
 I took them to drink, and so put off my uncle. So with 
 Mr. Fuller home to my house, where he dined with me, and 
 he told my wife and me a great many stories of his adver- 
 sities, since these troubles, in being forced to travel in the 
 Catholic countries, &c. He shewed me his bills, but I had 
 not money to pay him. We parted, and I to Whitehall, 
 where I was to see my horse which Mr. Garthwayt lends me 
 to-morrow. So home, where Mr. Pierce comes to me about 
 appointing time and place where and when to meet to-mor- 
 row. So to Westminster Hall, where, after the House rose, 
 
 1 Boiled salt beef. To powder was to sprinkle with salt, and the 
 powdering tub a vessel in which meat was salted. 
 
 2 This support for the neck is mentioned on the previous February 
 1st, where Mrs. Scott and her husband are said to have promised to 
 get it made. 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 63 
 
 I met with Mr. Crew, who told me that my Lord was chosen 
 by 73 voices, to be one of the Council of State. Mr. Pier- 
 point * had the most, loi, and himself the next, 100. He 
 brought me in the coach home. He and Mr. Anslow being 
 in it. I back to the Hall, and at Mrs. Michell's shop staid 
 talking a great while with her and my Chaplain, Mr. Mum- 
 ford, and drank a pot or two of ale on a wager that Mr. Prin 
 is not of the Council. Home and wrote to my Lord the 
 news of the choice of the Council by the post, and so to bed. 
 
 24th. I rose very early, and taking horse at Scotland Yard, 
 at Mr. Garthwayt's stable, I rode to Mr. Pierce's, who rose, 
 and in a quarter of an hour, leaving his wife in bed (with 
 whom Mr. Lucy methought was very free as she lay in bed), 
 we both mounted, and so set forth about seven of the clock, 
 the day and the way very foul. About Ware we overtook Mr. 
 Blayton, brother-in-law to Dick Vines, who went thencefor- 
 wards with us, and at Puckeridge we baited, where we had 
 a loin of mutton fried, and were very merry, but the way 
 exceeding bad from Ware thither. Then up again and as 
 far as Foulmer, within six miles of Cambridge, my mare 
 being almost tired : here we lay at the Chequer, playing at 
 cards till supper, which was a breast of veal roasted. I lay 
 with Mr. Pierce, who we left here the next morning upon his 
 going to Hinchingbroke to speak with my Lord before his 
 going to London, and we two come to Cambridge by eight 
 o'clock in the morning. 
 
 25th. To the Falcon,'^ in the Petty Cury,* where we found 
 
 1 William Pierrepoint, M.P. of Thoresby, second son to Robert, first 
 Earl of Kingston, and known as "Wise" Pierrepoint. He died 1679, 
 aged 71. 
 
 2 The old Falcon Inn is on the south side of Petty Cury. It is now 
 divided into three houses, one of which is the present Falcon Inn, the 
 other two being houses with shops. The Falcon yard is but little 
 changed. From the size of the whole building it must have been the 
 principal inn of the town. The room said to have been used by Queen 
 Elizabeth for receptions retains its original form. — M. B. 
 
 2 The Petty Cury. The derivation of the name of this street, so 
 well known to all Cambridge men, is a matter of much dispute among 
 antiquaries. (See " Notes and Queries.") The most probable mean- 
 ing- of it is the Parva Cokeria, or little cury, where the cooks of the 
 town lived, just as " The Poultry," where the Poulters (now Poulterers) 
 had their shops. "The Forme of Cury" a Roll of Antient English 
 Cookery, was compiled by the principal cooks of that " best and royal- 
 
64 DIARY OF Feb. 25-26 
 
 my father and brother very well. After dressing myself, 
 about ten o'clock, my father, brother, and I to Mr. Widdring- 
 ton, at Christ's College, who received us very civilly, and 
 caused my brother to be admitted,^ while my father, he, and 
 I, sat talking. After that done, we take leave. My father 
 and brother went to visit some friends, Pepys's, scholars in 
 Cambridge,^ while I went to Magdalene College, to Mr. 
 Hill,'' with whom I found Mr. Zanchy,* Burton,* and Hollins, 
 and was exceeding civilly received by them. I took leave 
 on promise to sup with them, and to my Inn again, where I 
 dined with some others that were there at an ordinary. 
 After dinner my brother to the College, and my father and 
 I to my Cozen Angler's,* to see them, where Mr. Fair- 
 est viander of all Christian Kings," Richard the Second, and edited 
 with a copious Index and Glossary by Dr. Samuel Pegge, 1 780. — M. B. 
 1 Extract from admission-book of Christ's College, Cambridge : 
 
 "Febr. 25°. 1660. 
 
 "Johannes a Johanne Pepys Londini natus literas edoctus a D"" 
 Crumbleholm Scholse Paulina Moderatore annos natus 18 admissus est 
 Sizator sub M">. Widdrington. 
 
 " Hie cum prius admissus est in Collegium Magdalense Maii 26'°. ut 
 ex Uteris testimonialibus constat ejusdem etiam anni apud nos habendus 
 est." — M. B. 
 
 ^ This might read " Pepys's scholars," but there do not appear to 
 have been any such scholars. 
 
 ' Joseph Hill, a native of Yorkshire, chosen in 1 649 Fellovp of Mag- 
 dalene College, and in 1659 University Proctor: he afterwards retired 
 to London, and, according to Calamy, was offered a bishopric by 
 Charles II., which he declined, disliking the terms of conformity; and 
 accepting a call to the English Church at Rotterdam in 1678, died 
 there in 1 707, aged 83. — Nonconformists' Mefnorial, — B. 
 
 * Clement Zanchy, admitted at Magdalene College, Carnbridge, 1648, 
 and Foundation Fellow, 1654. At the College meetings he spelt his 
 name " Zanchy," at first, but in 1656 he changed it to " Sankey," and 
 it is sometimes spelt " Sanchy." — M. B. 
 
 ^ Hezekiah Burton, of Lound, Nottinghamshire, pensioner of Mag- 
 dalene College, 1647. His admission to a Wray Fellowship is curious: 
 " Mar. 8. 1650. 
 
 " Hezekias Burton in Artibus Baccalaureus hujus CoUij, authoritate 
 ordinationis ParliamentariEe, admissus est in sodalitium M''. Johannis 
 David, eadem authoritate vacant." The last word is not quite clear 
 — M. B. 
 
 5 Percival Angier. His affairs appear to have got into disorder at 
 the end of 1663, and he became a bankrupt. He died in January, 
 1664-65, and was buried on the 19th of that month. 
 
I6S9-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 65 
 
 brother 1 came to us. Here we sat a while talking. My father 
 he went to look after his things at the carrier's, and my 
 brother's chamber, while Mr. Fairbrother, my Cozen Angier, 
 and Mr. Zanchy, whom I met at Mr. Merton's shop (where 
 I bought Elenchus Motuum,"^ having given my former to 
 Mr. Downing when he was here), to the Three Tuns, where 
 we drank pretty hard and many healths to the King, &c., 
 till it began to be darkish : then we broke up and I and Mr. 
 Zanchy went to Magdalene College, where a very handsome 
 supper at Mr. Hill's chambers, I suppose upon a club 
 among them, where in their discourse I could find that there, 
 was nothing at all left of the old preciseness in their dis- 
 course, specially on Saturday nights. And Mr. Zanchy told 
 me that there was no such thing now-a-days among them at 
 any time. After supper and some discourse then to my Inn, 
 where I found my father in his chamber, and after some 
 discourse, and he well satisfied with this day's work, we 
 went to bed, my brother lying with me, his things not being 
 come by the carrier that he could not lie in the College. 
 
 26th (Sunday) . My brother went to the College to Chapel. 
 My father and I went out in the morning, and walked out 
 in the fields behind King's College, and in King's College 
 Chapel Yard, where we met with Mr. Fairbrother, who took 
 us to Botolph's Church, where we heard Mr. Nicholas, of 
 Queen's College, who I knew in my time to be Tripos,' with 
 
 1 William Fairbrother, Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, was 
 made D.D. of Cambridge, /^r Regias litteras, in 1661. He was taken 
 prisoner at the battle of Naseby while fighting on the King's side, and 
 sent to London. 
 
 2 A pamphlet by George Bate, M.D., first published anonymously in 
 1649, and frequently reprinted. It was translated into Italian and 
 published at Venice in 1652. After the Restoration it was reprinted 
 and a second part added. The following is the title : " Elenchus Mo- 
 tuum nuperorum in Anglia; simul ac juris Regii et Parlamentarii 
 brevis enarratio. A. 2455 Lutetiae Parisiorum pro R. R. An. Dom. 
 1649." 12°. Address to the reader signed "Theodorus Veridicus." 
 " Elenchi Motuum Nuperorum in Anglia pars prima ; simul ac Juris 
 Regii & Parlamentarii brevis enarratio, ab autore Geor. Batio, M.D. 
 Regise Majestatis Protomedico recognita & aucta Mxt Christianae Anno 
 1660. Londini typis J. Flesher & prostant apud R. Royston in Ivy Lane, 
 1661." 8vo. "Pars Secunda. Simul ac Regis Effugii mirabilis h 
 Prsetio Wigornia enarratio. Londini, 1663." 
 
 8 The Tripos or Bachelor of the Stool, who made the speech on Ash 
 Wednesday, when the senior Proctor called him up and exhorted him 
 
66 DIARY OF Feb. 26 
 
 great applause, upon this text, " For thy commandments are 
 broad." Thence my father and I to Mr. Widdrington's 
 chamber to dinner, where he used us very courteously again, 
 and had two Fellow Commoners at table with him, and Mr. 
 Pepper, a Fellow of the College. After dinner, while we 
 sat talking by the fire, Mr. Pierce's man [came] to tell me 
 that his master was come to town, so my father and I took 
 leave, and found Mr. Pierce at our Inn, who told us that he 
 had lost his journey, for my Lord was gone from Hinching- 
 broke to London on Thursday last, at which I was a little 
 put to a stand. So after a cup of drink I went to Magda- 
 lene College to get the certificate of the College for my 
 brother's entrance there, that he might save his year. I 
 met with Mr. Burton in the Court, who took me to Mr. 
 Pechell's chamber,^ where he was and Mr. Zanchy. By and 
 
 to be witty but modest withal. Their speeches, especially after the 
 Restoration, tended to be boisterous, and even scurrilous. " 26 Martii 
 1669. D' Hollis, fellow of Clare Hall is to make a publick Recanta- 
 tion in the Bac. Schools for his Tripos speeche." The Tripos verses 
 still come out, and are circulated on Ash Wednesday. The list of 
 successful candidates for honours is printed on the same paper, hence 
 the term " Tripos " applied to it. 
 
 1 John Peachell, Vicar of Stanwick and Prebendary of Carlisle, made 
 Master of Magdalene College, 1679, suspended from that office and 
 deprived of the Vice-Chancellorship, May 7th, 1687, for refusing to ad- 
 mit Alban Francis, a Benedictine monk, to the degree of Master of 
 Arts without his taking the oaths. He was restored by James II. 's 
 letter to the Mastership, October, 1688, and died 1690. 
 
 A copy of Dr. Peachell's sentence as it was fixed on the publick 
 School Doors and Magdalene College Gates : 
 
 "By His Majesties Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes and for 
 the Visitation of the University and of every Collegiate and Cathedral 
 Churches, CoUedges, Grammar Schools, Hospitals and other the like 
 Incorporations or Foundations or Societies. 
 
 " Whereas John Peachell D'. of Divinity, Vice Chancellour of Cam- 
 bridge, Master of Magdalen CoUedge, in the said University, has been 
 convead before us for his disobedience to his Majesties Royal Letters 
 mandatory and other his contempts : and the said D"^. John Peachell 
 having been fully heard thereupon, we have thought fit after mature 
 consideration of the matter to declare, decree and pronounce that the 
 said D'. John Peachell, shall for the said disobedience and contempt, 
 be deprived from being Vice Chancellour of the said University, and 
 from all power of acting in the same : and also that he be suspended ab 
 officio et beneficio of his Mastership of the said CoUedge, during his 
 Majesties pleasure : and accordingly we do by these presents deprive 
 him the said D'. John Peachell from being Vice Chancellour of the said 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 67 
 
 by, Mr. Pechell and Sanchy and I went out, Pechell to 
 Church, Sanchy and I to the Rose Tavern, ^ where we sat 
 and drank till sermon done, and then Mr. Pechell came 
 to us, and we three sat drinking the King's and his whole 
 family's health till it began to be dark. Then we parted; 
 Sanchy and I went to my lodging, where we found my father 
 and Mr. Pierce at the door, and I took them both and Mr. 
 Blayton to the Rose Tavern, and there gave them a quart or 
 two of wine, not telling them that we had been there before. 
 After this we broke up, and my father, Mr. Zanchy, and I 
 to my Cosen Angler to supper, where I caused two botdes 
 of wine to be carried from the Rose Tavern; that was drunk 
 up, and I had not the wit to let them know at table that it 
 was I that paid for them, and so I lost my thanks for them. 
 After supper Mr. Fairbrother, who supped there with us, 
 took me into a room by himself, and shewed me a pitiful 
 copy of verses upon Mr. Prinn which he esteemed very good, 
 and desired that I would get them given to Mr. Prinn, in 
 hopes that he would get him some place for it, which I said 
 I would do, but did laugh in my sleeve to think of his folly, 
 though indeed a man that has always expressed great civility 
 to me. After that we sat down and talked ; I took leave of 
 all my friends, and so to my Inn, where after I had wrote a 
 
 University and from all power of acting in the same. And we also sus- 
 pend him ab officio et beneficio of his Mastership of the said Colledge, 
 peremptorily admonishing and requiring him hereby to abstain from 
 the function of Master of the said Colledge, during the said suspension 
 under pain of deprivation from his said Mastership. And we also 
 further order and decree, that the profit and perquisites belonging to 
 his said Mastership, shall during the same suspension be applied to the 
 use and benefit of the said Colledge. 
 
 " Given under our Seal, the 7th day of May 1687. 
 
 " Finis." 
 
 " I find in the first Lord Dartmouth's manuscript notes on Bishop 
 Burnet's History, that Dr. Peachell afterwards starved himself to death. 
 Archbishop Sancroft having rebuked him for setting an ill example in 
 the University by drunkenness and other loose behaviour. He did 
 penance by four days' abstinence, after which he would have eaten but 
 could not." — From the Master of Magdalene's " private " book. For 
 his red nose, which made Pepys ashamed to be seen with him, see 
 Diary, May 3rd, 1667. — M. B. 
 
 1 The Rose tavern opened on the Market Hill at the end of Rose 
 Crescent. — M. B. 
 
68 DIARY OF Feb. 26-28 
 
 note and enclosed the certificate to Mr. Widdrington, I bade 
 good night to my father, and John went to bed, but I staid 
 up a little while, playing the fool with the lass of the house 
 at the door of the chamber, and so to bed. 
 
 27th. Up by four o'clock, and after I was ready, took my 
 leave of my father, whom I left in bed, and the same of my 
 brother John, to whom I gave ioj'. Mr. Blayton and I took 
 horse and straight to Saffron Walden, where at the White 
 Hart, we set up our horses, and took the master of the house 
 to shew us Audley End House, ^ who took us on foot through 
 the park, and so to the house, where the housekeeper shewed 
 us all the house, in which the stateliness of the ceilings, 
 chimney-pieces, and form of the whole was exceedingly 
 worth seeing. He took us into the cellar, where we drank 
 most admirable drink, a health to the King. Here I played 
 on my fiageolette, there being an excellent echo. He shewed 
 us excellent pictures ; two especially, those of the four Evan- 
 gelists and Henry VHI. After that I gave the man 2s. for 
 his trouble, and went back again. In our going, my land- 
 lord carried us through a very old hospital or almshouse, 
 where forty poor people was maintained ; a very old founda- 
 tion; and over the chimney in the mantelpiece was an 
 inscription in brass: "Orate pro anima Thomae Bird," 
 &c. ; " and the poor box also was on the same chimney- 
 piece, with an iron door and locks to it, into which I put 
 6d. They brought me a draft of their drink in a brown 
 bowl, tipt with silver, which I drank off, and at the bottom 
 was a picture of the Virgin and the child in her arms, done 
 in silver. So we went to our Inn, and after eating of some- 
 thing, and kissed the daughter of the house, she being very 
 pretty, we took leave, and so that night, the road pretty 
 good, but the weather rainy to Ep[p]ing, where we sat and 
 
 1 Then the residence of James Howard, third Earl of Suffolk. It 
 was built by Thomas, the first earl, at the commencement of the seven- 
 teenth century, and called after his maternal ancestor, Lord Chancellor 
 Audley, to whom the monastery of Walden, the site of which is occu- 
 pied by the present house, had been granted at the Dissolution. — B. 
 
 "^ The inscription and the bowl are still to be seen at King Edward 
 VI. 's almshouses. Saffron Walden. There is an engraving and descrip- 
 tion of this bowl in Mr. W. H. St. John Hope's paper, " On the English 
 mediasval drinking bowls called Mazers," in " Archaeologia," vol. 1. 
 (p. 163 and plate xiii.). 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 69 
 
 played a game at cards, and after supper, and some merry 
 talk with a plain bold maid of the house, we went to bed. 
 
 28th. Up in the morning, and had some red herrings to 
 our breakfast, while my boot-heel was a-mending, by the 
 same token the boy left the hole as big as it was before. 
 Then to horse, and for London through the forest, where 
 we found the way good, but only in one path, which we kept 
 as if we had rode through a canal all the way. We found 
 the shops all shut, and the militia of the red regiment in 
 arms at the Old Exchange,-' among whom I found and spoke 
 to Nich. Osborne, who told me that it was a thanksgiving- 
 day through the City for the return of the Parliament. At 
 Paul's I light, Mr. Blayton holding my horse, where I found 
 Dr. Reynolds " in the pulpit, and General Monk there, who 
 was to have a great entertainment at Grocers' Hall.^ So 
 home, where my wife and all well. Shifted myself,^ and so 
 to Mr. Crew's, and then to Sir Harry Wright's, where I 
 found my Lord at dinner, who called for me in, and was 
 glad to see me. There was at dinner also Mr. John Wright 
 and his lady, a very pretty lady, Alderman Allen's daughter. 
 I dined here with Will. Howe,* and after dinner went out 
 with him to buy a hat (calling in my way and saw my 
 mother), which we did at the Plough in Fleet Street by my 
 Lord's direction, but not as for him. Here we met with 
 
 ^ Royal Exchange. 
 
 2 Edward Reynolds, D.D., Preacher of Lincoln's Inn; Dean of 
 Christ Church, 1648-50; Bishop of Norwich, 1660-1676. He died July 
 28th, 1676, aged 76. The sermon which Pepys heard was printed, and 
 has the following title : " The Wall and Glory of Jerusalem, in a Sermon 
 preached in St. Paul's Church, London, before the Right Honourable 
 the Lord Mayor, Lord General, Aldermen, Common Council and Com- 
 panies of the Honourable City of London, February 28, 1659, being a 
 day of solemn Thanksgiving unto God for restoring the Parliament and 
 Common Council and for preserving the City. By Edward Reynolds, 
 D.D. London, 1660." 
 
 ^ Grocers' Hall was the scene of many important occurrences during 
 the period of the Great Rebellion. This was the first hall on the 
 present site between the Poultry and Princes Street, which was built 
 in 1427. The second hall was built after the Great Fire, and the 
 present one was opened in 1 802. 
 
 * Changed his dress. 
 
 ^ William Howe is frequently mentioned in the Diary, and he appears 
 more than once to have got into trouble. He is mentioned as Deputy 
 Treasurer of the Navy, under date September 18th, 1665. 
 
70 DIARY OF Feb. 28-Mar. 2 
 
 Mr. Pierce a little before, and he took us to the Greyhound 
 Tavern/ and gave us a pint of wine, and as the rest of the 
 seamen do, talked very high again of my Lord. After we 
 had done about the hat we went homewards, he to Mr. Crew's 
 and I to Mrs. Jem, and sat with her a little. Then home, 
 where I found Mr. Sheply, almost drunk, come to see me, 
 afterwards Mr. Spong comes, with whom I went up and 
 played with him a Duo or two, and so good night. I was 
 indeed a litde vexed with Mr. Sheply, but said nothing, 
 about his breaking open of my study at my house, merely 
 to give him the key of the stair door at my Lord's, which 
 lock he might better have broke than mine. 
 
 29th. To my office, and drank at Will's with Mr. Moore, 
 who told me how my Lord is chosen General at Sea by the 
 Council, and that it is thought that Monk will be joined 
 with him therein. Home and dined, after dinner my wife 
 and I by water to London, and thence to Herring's, the 
 merchant in Coleman Street, about _^5o which he promises 
 I shall have on Saturday next. So to my mother's, and 
 then to Mrs. Turner's, of whom I took leave, and her com- 
 pany, because she was to go out of town to-morrow with Mr. 
 Pepys into Norfolk. Here my cosen Norton ^ gave me a 
 brave cup of metheglin,^ the first I ever drank. To my 
 mother's and supped there. She shewed me a letter to my 
 father from my uncle inviting him to come to Brampton 
 while he is in the country. So home and to bed. This 
 day my Lord came to the House, the first time since he 
 came to town; but he had been at the Council before. 
 
 March ist. In the morning went to my Lord's lodgings, 
 thinking to have spoke with Mr. Sheply, having not been to 
 visit him since my coming to town. But he being not 
 within I went up, and out of the box where my Lord's 
 pamphlets lay, I chose as many as I had a mind to have for 
 my own use and left the rest. Then to my office, where 
 
 ' As the Greyhound is mentioned so soon after the Plough it also 
 may have been in Fleet Street. See November 12th, i56i. 
 
 ^ Probably Joyce Norton, see ante, January 7th, 1659-60. 
 
 ' A liquor made of honey and vi'ater, boiled and fermenting. By 
 12 Charles II. cap. 23, a grant of certain impositions upon beer, ale, 
 and other liquors, a duty of \d. per gallon was laid upon " all metheglin 
 or mead." 
 
i6s9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 71 
 
 little to do, but Mr. Sheply comes to me, so at dinner time 
 he and I went to Mr. Crew's, whither Mr. Thomas^ was 
 newly come to town, being sent with Sir H. Yelverton,^ my 
 old school-fellow at Paul's School, to bring the thanks of 
 the county to General Monk for the return of the Parlia- 
 ment. But old Mr. Crew and my Lord not coming home 
 to dinner, we tarried late before we went to dinner, it being 
 the day that John, Mr. John Crew's coachman, was to be 
 buried in the afternoon, he being a day or two before killed 
 with a blow of one of his horses that struck his skull into 
 his brain. From thence Mr. Sheply and I went into Lon- 
 don to Mr. Laxton's, my Lord's apothecary, and so by water 
 to Westminster, where at the Sun ^ he and I spent two or 
 three hours in a pint or two of wine, discoursing of matters 
 in the country, among other things telling me that my uncle 
 did to him make a very kind mention of me, and what he 
 would do for me. Thence I went home, and went to bed 
 betimes. This day the Parliament did vote that they would 
 not sit longer than the 15th day of this month. 
 
 2d. This morning I went early to my Lord at Mr. Crew's 
 where I spoke to him. Here were a great many come to 
 see him, as Secretary Thurlow who is now by this Parlia- 
 ment chosen again Secretary of State. There were also 
 General Monk's trumpeters to give my Lord a sound of 
 their trumpets this morning. Thence I went to my office, 
 and wrote a letter to Mr. Downing about the business of his 
 house. Then going home, I met with Mr. Eglin, Chetwind, 
 and Thomas, who took me to the Leg in King's street,* 
 
 ^ Thomas Crew, eldest son of John, afterwards first Lord Crew. 
 
 2 Son of Sir Christopher Yelverton, the first baronet, grandson of 
 Sir Henry Yelverton, Judge C. P., author of the " Reports." He mar- 
 ried Susan, Baroness Grey de Ruthyn, which title descended to his 
 issue. His son was afterwards advanced to the dignity of Viscount 
 Longueville, and his grandson to the earldom of Sussex. The Yelver- 
 ton Collection of MSS. belongs to Lord Calthorpe, whose ancestor 
 married a daughter of the first Viscount Longueville. — B. 
 
 8 Probably the Sun tavern in King Street, Westminster (see August 
 . 3rd, 1668). There is a token of this house described in " Boyne's 
 Trade Tokens," ed. Williamson, vol. i., 1889, p. 649. 
 
 * The Leg tavern in King Street appears to have been a house of 
 good resort. It is mentioned in Burton's Diary as the scene of a dinner 
 of the Clothworkers' Company, December i8th, 1656, who had then a 
 cause before the House of Commons. Pepys frequently visited it. 
 
72 DIARY OF March 2-3 
 
 where we had two brave dishes of meat, one of fish, a carp 
 and some other fishes, as well done as ever I ate any. After 
 that to the Swan tavern, where we drank a quart or two of 
 wine, and so parted. So I to Mrs. Jem and took Mr. Moore 
 with me (who I met in the street), and there I met W. Howe 
 and Sheply. After that to Westminster Hall, where I saw 
 Sir G. Booth at liberty. This day I hear the City militia is 
 put into good posture, and it is thought that Monk will not 
 be able to do any great matter against them now, if he have 
 a mind. I understand that my Lord Lambert did yesterday 
 send a letter to the Council, and that to-night he is to come 
 and appear to the Council in person. Sir Arthur Hasel- 
 rigge do not yet appear in the House. Great is the talk of 
 a single person, and that it would now be Charles, George, 
 or Richard again.^ For the last of which, my Lord St. John 
 is said to speak high. Great also is the dispute now in the 
 House, in whose name the writs shall run for the next Par- 
 liament; and it is said that Mr. Prin, in open House, said, 
 "In King Charles's."^ From Westminster Hall home. 
 Spent the evening in my study, and so after some talk with 
 my wife, then to bed. 
 
 3d. To Westminster Hall, where I found that my Lord 
 was last night voted one of the Generals at Sea, and Monk 
 the other. I met my Lord in the Hall, who bid me come 
 to him at noon. I met with Mr. Pierce the purser, Lieut. 
 Lambert, Mr. Creed, ^ and Will. Howe, and went with them 
 
 1 Charles II., or George Monk, or Richard Cromwell. 
 
 ^ Compare a letter of Mr. Luttrell to Ormond, March 9th, 1660, in 
 Carte's " Letters," vol. ii. p. 312 : " Yesterday there was a debate about 
 the form of the dissolution, when M'. Prynne asserted the .King's right 
 in such bold language that I think he may be styled the Cato of this 
 age." — Notes and Queries, vol. x. p. 2. — M. B. 
 
 8 John Creed of Oundle, Esq. From the way in which Pepys speaks 
 of his friend, he was probably of humble origin, and nothing is known 
 of his history previously to the Restoration, when he seems to have 
 been a retainer in the service of Sir Edward Montagu. In 1662 he 
 was made Secretary to the Commissioners for Tangier, and in 1668 he 
 married Elizabeth Pickering, the niece of his original patron, by whom 
 he had eleven children. Major Richard Creed, the eldest son, who 
 was killed at the battle of Blenheim, lies buried in Tichmarsh Church, 
 in Northamptonshire, where there is also a monument erected to his 
 father, describing him as " of Oundle," and as having served King 
 Charles II. in divers honourable employments at home and abroad, 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 73 
 
 to the Swan tavern. Up to my office, but did nothing. At 
 noon home to dinner to a sheep's head. My brother Tom 
 came and dined with me, and told me that my mother was 
 not very well, and that my Aunt Fenner was very ill too. 
 After dinner I to Warwick House, ^ in Holborn, to my Lord, 
 where he dined with my Lord of Manchester,^ Sir Dudley 
 North,° my Lord Fiennes,* and my Lord Barkly.' I staid 
 in the great hall, talking with some gentlemen there, till 
 they all come out. Then I, by coach with my Lord, to 
 Mr. Crew's, in our way talking of publick things, and how 
 I should look after getting of his Commissioner's despatch. 
 He told me he feared there was new design hatching, as if 
 Monk had a mind to get into the saddle. Here I left him, 
 and went by appointment to Hering, the merchant, but 
 
 lived with honour, and died lamented, A.D. 1701. What these employ- 
 ments were cannot now be ascertained. There exists still a cenotaph 
 to the memory of the major in Westminster Abbey. Mrs. Creed, wife 
 of John Creed of Oundle, Esq., was the only daughter of Sir Gilbert 
 Pickering, Bart., by Elizabeth, only daughter of Sir Edward Montagu, 
 and sister of Edward Montagu, first Earl of Sandwich. See Malone's 
 " Life of Dryden," p. 339. — B. 
 
 1 Warwick House, on the north side of Holborn, a little to the west 
 of Gray's Inn Gate. It had given place to Warwick Court in 1 708. 
 
 2 Edward Montagu, second Earl of Manchester, the Parliamentary 
 General, afterwards particularly instrumental in the King's Restoration, 
 became Chamberlain of the Household, K.G., a Privy Councillor, and 
 Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. He died in 1671, having 
 been five times married. 
 
 3 Sir Dudley North, K.B., became the fourth Lord North on the 
 death of his father in 1666. He died 1677. 
 
 * John, third son of William, first Viscount Say and Sele, and one 
 of Oliver's Lords. 
 
 ^ George, fourteenth Lord Berkeley of Berkeley, created Viscount 
 Dursley and Earl of Berkeley, 1679. There were at this time two Lord 
 Berkeleys, each possessing a town house called after his name, which 
 misled Pennant. George, fourteenth Lord Berkeley of Berkeley, 
 advanced to an earldom in 1679, the peer here spoken of, lived at 
 Berkeley House, in the parish of St. John's, Clerkenwell, which had 
 been in his family for three generations, and he had a country-seat at 
 Durdans, near Epsom, mentioned by Evelyn and Pepys. He presented 
 the library of his uncle, Sir Robert Coke, to Sion College, and that 
 institution possesses a painted portrait of the earl in his robes. He 
 died October 14th, 1698. The other nobleman, originally known as 
 Sir John Berkeley, and in the service of Charles I., created in 1658 
 Baron Berkeley of Stratton, subsequently filled many high offices in the 
 State. Seeposi, July 12th, 1660. 
 
74 DIARY OF March 3-6 
 
 missed of my money, at which I was much troubled, but 
 could not help myself. Returning, met Mr. Gifford, who 
 took me and gave me half a pint of wine, and told me, as 
 I hear this day from many, that things are in a very doubtful 
 posture, some of the Parliament being willing to keep the 
 power in their hands. After I had left him, I met with Tom 
 Harper, who took me into a place in Drury Lane, where we 
 drank a great deal of strong water, ^ more than ever I did in 
 my life at one time before. He talked huge high that my 
 Lord Protector would come in place again, which indeed is 
 much discoursed of again, though I do not see it possible. 
 Hence horrie and wrote to my father at Brampton by the 
 post. So to bed. This day I was told that my Lord Gen- 
 eral Fleetwood told my Lord that he feared the King of 
 Sweden '^ is dead of a fever at Gottenburg. 
 
 4th. Lord's day. Before I went to church I sang Orpheus' 
 Hymn ^ to my viall. After that to Mr. Cunning' s, an excel- 
 lent sermon upon charity. Then to my mother to dinner, 
 where my wife and the maid were come. After dinner we 
 three to Mr. Messum's where we met Mons. L' Impertinent, 
 who got us a seat and told me a ridiculous story how that 
 last week he had caused a simple citizen to spend ;^8o in 
 entertainments of him and some friends of his upon pre- 
 tence of some service that he would do him in his suit after 
 a widow. Then to my mother again, and after supper she 
 and I talked very high about religion, I in defence of the 
 religion I was born in. Then home. 
 
 5th. Early in the morning Mr. Hill comes to string my 
 theorbo,* which we were about till past ten o'clock, with a 
 
 1 There is a token of " Edmund Browne at the Pall Mall," on which 
 he describes himself as " Strong water man " (see " Boyne's Trade 
 Tokens," ed. Williamson, vol. i., 1889, p. 694). 
 
 2 Charles X., Gustavus, King of Sweden, died on February 3rd, 
 1659-60 (see March 8th). 
 
 3 Orpheus' hymn, " King of Heaven and Hell and Sea and Earth," 
 by Henry Lawes, is printed in " The Second Book of Ayres and 
 Dialogues. London (Playlord), 1655." 
 
 * The theorbo was a bass lute. Having gut strings it was played 
 with the fingers. There is a humorous comparison of the long waists 
 of ladies, which came into fashion about 1621, with the theorbo, by 
 Bishop Corbet : 
 
 " She was barr'd up in whale-bones, that did leese 
 None of the whale's length, for they reached her knees; 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 75 
 
 great deal of pleasure. Then to Westminster, where I met 
 with Mr. Sheply and Mr. Pinkney at Will's, who took me by 
 water to Billingsgate, at the Salutation Tavern,^ whither 
 by-and-by, Mr. Talbot and Adams came, and bring a great 
 [deal of] good meat, a ham of bacon, &c. Here we staid 
 and drank till Mr. Adams began to be overcome. Then 
 we parted, and so to Westminster by water, only seeing 
 Mr. Pinkney at his own house, where he shewed me how 
 he had alway kept the Lion and Unicorn, in the back 
 of his chimney, bright, in expectation of the King's coming 
 again. At home I found Mr. Hunt, who told me how the 
 Parliament had voted that the Covenant be printed and hung 
 in churches again. Great hopes of the King's coming 
 again. To bed. 
 
 6th. (Shrove Tuesday.) I called Mr. Sheply and we both 
 went up to my Lord's lodgings at Mr. Crew's, where he bade 
 us to go home again, and get a fire against an hour after. 
 Which we did at White Hall, whither he came, and after 
 talking with him and me about his going to sea, he called 
 me by myself to go along with him into the garden, where 
 he asked me how things were with me, and what he had 
 endeavoured to do with my uncle to get him to do some- 
 thing for me but he would say nothing too. He likewise 
 bade me look out now at this turn some good place, and he 
 would use all his own, and all the interest of his friends 
 that he had in England, to do me good. And asked me 
 whether I could, without too much inconvenience, go to 
 sea as his secretary, and bid me think of it. He also began 
 to talk of things of State, and told me that he should want 
 one in that capacity at sea, that he might trust in, and 
 therefore he would have me to go. He told me also, that 
 he did believe the King would come in, and did discourse 
 with me about it, and about the affection of the people and 
 City, at which I was full glad. After he was gone, I wait- 
 
 OfF with her head, and then she hath a middle 
 
 As her waste stands, just like the new found fiddle, 
 
 The favourite Theorbo, truth to tell ye, 
 
 Whose neck and throat are deeper than the belly." 
 
 Corbet, Iter Boreale. 
 
 1 There is a token of the Salutation at Billingsgate (see " Boyne's 
 Trade Tokens," ed. Williamson, vol. i., 1889, p. 531). 
 
76 DIARY OF March 6-7 
 
 ing upon him through the garden till he came to the Hall, 
 where I left him and went up to my office, where Mr. 
 Hawly brought one to me, a seaman, that had promised 
 ;^io to him if he get him a purser's place, which I think 
 to endeavour to do. Here comes my uncle Tom, whom I 
 took to Will's and drank with, poor man, he comes to 
 inquire about the knights of Windsor,' of which he desires 
 to get to be one. While we were drinking, in comes Mr. 
 Day, a carpenter in Westminster, to tell me that it was 
 Shrove Tuesday, and that I must go with him to their 
 yearly Club upon this day, which I confess I had quite 
 forgot. So I went to the Bell, where were Mr. Eglin, 
 Veezy, Vincent a butcher, one more, and Mr. Tanner, with 
 whom I played upon a viall, and he a viallin, after dinner, 
 and were very merry, with a special good dinner, a leg of 
 veal and bacon, two capons and sausages and fritters, with 
 abundance of wine. After that I went home, where I found 
 Kate Sterpin who hath not been here a great while before. 
 She gone I went to see Mrs. Jem, at whose chamber door I 
 found a couple of ladies, but she not being there, we hunted 
 her out, and found that she and another had hid themselves 
 behind a door. Well, they all went down into the dining- 
 room, where it was full of tag, rag, and bobtail, dancing, 
 singing, and drinking, of which I was ashamed, and after 
 I had staid a dance or two I went away. Going home, 
 called at my Lord's for Mr. Sheply, but found him at the 
 Lion with a pewterer, that he had bought pewter to-day of. 
 With them I drank, and so home and wrote by the post, by 
 my Lord's command, for J. Goods ^ to come up presently. 
 For my Lord intends to go forthwith into the Swiftsure ^ till 
 the Nazeby * be ready. This day I hear that the Lords do 
 
 1 The body of Poor Knights of Windsor was founded by Edward III. 
 The intention of the king with regard to the poor knights was to pro- 
 vide relief and comfortable subsistence for such valiant soldiers as 
 happened in their old age to fall into poverty and decay. On Septem- 
 ber 20th, 1659, a. Report having been read respecting the Poor Knights 
 of Windsor, the House " ordered that it be referred to a Committee, to 
 look into the revenue for maintenance of the Poor Knights of Windsor," 
 &c. (See Tighe and Davis's "Annals of Windsor.") 
 
 2 John Goods. He went to sea with Sir Edward Montagu. 
 
 ' The " Swiftsure " was a second-rate of sixty guns, built at Wool- 
 vrich in 1654 by Christopher Pett. 
 
 * The " Nazeby " was commanded by Captain, afterwards Sir Richard 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 77 
 
 intend to sit, and great store of them are now in town, 
 and I see in the Hall to-day. Overton * at Hull do stand 
 out, but can, it is thought, do nothing; and Lawson, it is 
 said, is gone with some ships thither, but all that is noth- 
 ing. My Lord told me, that there was great endeavours to 
 bring in the Protector again ; but he told me, too, that he 
 did believe it would not last long if he were brought in; 
 no, nor the King neither (though he seems to think that he 
 will come in), unless he carry himself very soberly and well. 
 Every body now drinks the King's health without any fear, 
 whereas before it was very private that a man dare do it. 
 Monk this day is feasted at Mercers' Hall, and is invited 
 one after another to all the twelve Halls in London.^ Many 
 think that he is honest yet, and some or more think him to 
 be a fool that would raise himself, but think that he will 
 undo himself by endeavouring it. My mind, I must needs 
 remember, has been very much eased and joyed at my 
 Lord's great expressions of kindness this day, and in dis- 
 course thereupon my wife and I lay awake an hour or two 
 in our bed. 
 
 7 th. (Ash Wednesday.) In the morning I went to my 
 Lord at Mr. Crew's, in my way Washington overtook me 
 and told me upon my question whether he knew of any 
 place now void that I might have, by power over friends, 
 that this day Mr. G. Montagu was to be made Gustos Rotu- 
 lorum for Westminster, and that by friends I might get to 
 be named by him Clerk of the Peace, with which I was, as 
 I am at all new things, very much joyed, so when I came 
 to Mr. Crew's, I spoke to my Lord about it, who told me 
 he believed Mr. Montagu had already promised it, and that 
 it was given him only that he might gratify one person with 
 the place I look for. Here, among many that were here, 
 I met with Mr. Lynes, the surgeon, who promised me some 
 seeds of the sensitive plant.^ I spoke too with Mr. Pierce 
 
 Stayner. It was a first-rate of eighty guns, built at Woolwich in 1655 
 by Christopher Pett. 
 
 1 Major-General Overton was committed to the Tower in 1649, 
 1655, and in December, 1660. 
 
 2 See note, April i ith, 1660, where it is stated that Monk had dined 
 at nine of the halls. 
 
 ' Evelyn, about the same date (August 9th, 1661), "tried several 
 experiments on the sensitive plant and humilis, which contracted with 
 
78 DIARY OF March 7-8 
 
 the surgeon, who gave me great encouragement to go to sea 
 with my Lord. Thence going homewards, my Lord over- 
 took me in his coach, and called me in, and so I went with 
 him to St. James's, and G. Montagu being gone to White 
 Hall, we walked over the Park thither, all the way he dis- 
 coursing of the times, and of the change of things since 
 the last year, and wondering how he could bear with so 
 great disappointment as he did. He did give me the best 
 advice that he could what was best for me, whether to stay 
 or go with him, and offered all the ways that could be, how 
 he might do me good, with the greatest liberty and love 
 that could be. I left him at Whitehall, and myself went to 
 Westminster to my office, whither nothing to do, but I did 
 discourse with Mr. Falconbridge about Le Squire's place, 
 and had his consent to get it if I could. I afterwards in the 
 Hall met with W. Simons, who put me in the best way how 
 to get it done. Thence by appointment to the Angel "■ in 
 King Street, where Chetwind, Mr. Thomas and Doling. were 
 at oysters, and beginning Lent this day with a fish dinner. 
 After dinner Mr. Thomas and I by water to London, where 
 I went to Herring's and received the ;!^So of my Lord's 
 upon Frank's bill from Worcester. I gave in the bill and 
 set my hand to his bill. Thence I went to the Pope's Head 
 Alley and called on Adam Chard, and bought a catcall there, 
 it cost me two groats. Thence went and gave him a cup 
 of ale. After that to the Sun behind the Exchange,^ where 
 meeting my uncle Wight by the way, took him with me 
 thither, and after drinking a health or two round at the 
 Cock^ (Mr. Thomas being gone thither), we parted, he and 
 I homewards, parted at Fleet Street, where I found my 
 
 the least touch of the sun through a burning glass, though it rises and 
 opens only when it shines on it." 
 
 1 The Angel tavern in King Street, Westminster. A token of this 
 house, kept by Will. Carter, is described in " Boyne's Trade Tokens," 
 by Williamson, vol. i., 1889, p. 647. 
 
 2 The Sun tavern behind the Royal Exchange was a famous house 
 in its day. A token of it is described in " Boyne's Trade Tokens," by 
 Williamson, vol. i., 1889, p. 591. It was rebuilt by John Wadlow after 
 the Great Fire. 
 
 ^ The Cock alehouse at Temple Bar was originally called the Cock 
 and Bottle, and dates back to the reign of James I. It was pulled 
 down in 1882. There is a very scarce token of the house, dated 1665 
 (see " Boyne's Trade Tokens," ed. Williamson, vol. i., 1889, P- 762). 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 79 
 
 father newly come home from Brampton^ very well. He 
 left my uncle with his leg very dangerous, and do believe 
 he cannot continue in that condition long. He tells me 
 that my uncle did acquaint him very largely what he did 
 intend to do with his estate, to make me his heir and give 
 my brother Tom something, and that my father and mother 
 should have likewise something, to raise portions for John 
 and Pall.^ I pray God he may be as good as his word. 
 Here I staid and supped and so home, there being Joyce 
 Norton there and Ch. Glascock. Going home I called at 
 Wotton's and took home a piece of cheese. At home Mr. 
 Sheply sat with me a little while, and so we all to bed. 
 This news and my Lord's great kindness makes me very 
 cheerful within. I pray God make me thankful. This day, 
 according to order. Sir Arthur [Haselrigge] appeared at the 
 House ; what was done I know not, but there was all the 
 Rumpers almost come to the House to-day. My Lord did 
 seem to wonder much why Lambert was so willing to be 
 put into the Tower, and thinks he has some design in it; 
 but I think that he is so poor that he cannot use his liberty 
 for debts, if he were at liberty; and so it is as good and 
 better for him to be there, than any where else. 
 
 8th. To Whitehall to bespeak some firing for my father 
 at Short's, and likewise to speak to Mr. Blackburne about 
 Batters being gunner in the "Wexford." Then to West- 
 minster Hall, where there was a general damp over men's 
 minds and faces upon some of the Officers of the Army 
 being about making a remonstrance against Charles Stuart 
 or any single person; but at noon it was told, that the Gen- 
 eral had put a stop to it, so all was well again. Here I 
 met with Jasper, who was to look for me to bring me to 
 my Lord at the lobby; whither sending a note to my Lord, 
 he comes out to me and gives me direction to look after 
 getting some money for him from the Admiralty, seeing 
 that things are so unsafe, that he would not lay out a 
 farthing for the State, till he had received some money 
 of theirs. Home about two o'clock, and took my wife by 
 
 1 Brampton in Huntingdonshire, where Pepys was probably born, 
 and where his father afterwards retired. 
 
 ^ John Pepys, younger brother of Samuel; Paulina, sister of Samuel, 
 afterwards Mrs. Jackson. 
 
80 DIARY OF March S-io 
 
 land to Paternoster Row, to buy some Paragon for a petti- 
 coat and so home again. In my way meeting Mr. Moore, 
 who went home with me while I ate a bit and so back to 
 Whitehall again, both of us. He waited at the Council for 
 Mr. Crew. I to the Admiralty, where I got the order for the 
 money, and have taken care for the getting of it assigned 
 upon Mr. Hutchinson,^ Treasurer for the Navy, against to- 
 morrow. Hence going home I met with Mr. King that 
 belonged to the Treasurers at War and took him to Harper's, 
 who told me that he and the rest of his fellows are cast out 
 of office by the new Treasurers. This afternoon, some of 
 the Officers of the Army, and some of the Parliament, had 
 a conference at White Hall to make all right again, but I 
 know not what is done. This noon I met at the Dog 
 tavern ^ Captain Philip Holland, with whom I advised how 
 to make some advantage of my Lord's going to sea, which 
 he told me might be by having of five or six servants 
 entered on board, and I to give them what wages I pleased, 
 and so their pay to be mine; he was also very urgent to 
 have me take the Secretary's place, that my Lord did proffer 
 me. At the same time in comes Mr. Wade and Mr. Sterry, 
 secretary to the plenipotentiary in Denmark, who brought 
 the news of the death of the King of Sweden ^ at Gotten- 
 burgh the 3rd of the last month, and he told me what a 
 great change he found when he came here, the secluded 
 members being restored. He also spoke very freely of Mr. 
 Wade's profit, which he made while he was in Zeeland, 
 how he did believe that he cheated Mr. Powell, and that he 
 made above ;£5oo on the voyage, which Mr. Wade did 
 very angrily deny, though I believe he was guilty enough. 
 9th. To my Lord at his lodging, and came to Westmin- 
 
 1 Richard Hutchinson was Deputy Treasurer to Sir Henry Vane, 
 whom he succeeded as Treasurer of the Navy in 165 1. He continued 
 to hold the office until the Restoration. 
 
 2 There were several Dog taverns in London, but the one at West- 
 minster mentioned by Pepys was the famous tavern in King Street, 
 which was frequented previously by Ben Jonson. It was chiefly resorted 
 to by Cavaliers. There is a token of the " Black Dogg " (see " Boyne's 
 Trade Tokens," ed. Williamson, vol. i., 1889, p. 649). 
 
 3 Charles X. , Gustavus, son of John Casimir, Count Palatine of the 
 Rhine. He succeeded his cousin Christina, who resigned the crown in 
 1654. 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 81 
 
 ster with him in the coach, with Mr. Dudley with him, and 
 he in the Painted Chamber^ walked a good while; and I 
 telling him that I was willing and ready to go with him to 
 sea, he agreed that I should, and advised me what to write 
 to Mr. Downing about it, which I did at my office, that by 
 my Lord's desire I offered that my place might for a while 
 be supplied by Mr. Moore, and that I and my security should 
 be bound by the same bond for him. I went and dined at 
 Mr. Crew's, where Mr. Hawly comes to me, and I told him 
 the business and shewed him the letter promising him ;^2o 
 a year, which he liked very well of. I did the same to Mr. 
 Moore, which he also took for a courtesy. In the after- 
 noon by coach, taking Mr. Butler with me to the Navy 
 Office,^ about the ;^5oo for my Lord, which I am promised 
 to have to-morrow morning. Then by coach back again, 
 and at White Hall at the Council Chamber spoke with my 
 Lord and got him to sign the acquittance for the ;^5oo, and 
 he also told me that he had spoke to Mr. Blackburne to put 
 off Mr. Creed and that I should come to him for direction 
 in the employment. After this Mr. Butler and I to Har- 
 per's, where we sat and drank for two hours till ten at 
 night; the old woman she was drunk and began to talk 
 foolishly in commendation of her son James. Home and 
 to bed. All night troubled in my thoughts how to order my 
 business upon this great change with me that I could not 
 sleep, and being overheated with drink I made a promise 
 the next morning to drink no strong drink this week, for I 
 find that it makes me sweat and puts me quite out of order. 
 This day it was resolved that the writs do go out in the 
 name of the Keepers of the Liberty, and I hear that it is 
 resolved privately that a treaty be offered with the King. 
 And that Monk did check his soldiers highly for what they 
 did yesterday. 
 
 loth. In the morning went to my father's, whom I took 
 in his cutting house,* and there I told him my resolution to 
 
 ^ The Painted Chamber, or St. Edward's Chamber, in the old Palace 
 at Westminster. The first name was given to it from the curious paint- 
 ings on the walls, and the second from the tradition that Edward the 
 Confessor died in it. 
 
 ^ This is the first notice in the Diary of the Navy Office in Crutched 
 Friars. 
 
 ° His father was a tailor, and this was his cutting-out room. 
 
82 DIARY OF March 10-14 
 
 go to sea with my Lord, and consulted with him how to 
 dispose of my wife, and we resolve of letting her be at Mr. 
 Bowyer's.'' Thence to the Treasurer of the Navy, where I 
 received ;^Soo for my Lord, and having left ;if 200 of it 
 with Mr. Rawlinson ^ at his house for Sheply, I went with 
 the rest to the Sun tavern on Fish Street Hill, where Mr. 
 Hill, Stevens and Mr. Hater ' of the Navy Office had in- 
 vited me, where we had good discourse and a fine breakfast 
 of Mr. Hater. Then by coach home, where I took occasion 
 to tell my wife of my going to sea, who was much troubled 
 at it, and was with some dispute at last willing to continue 
 at Mr. Bowyer's in my absence. After this to see Mrs. 
 Jem and paid her maid ^7, and then to Mr. Blackburne, 
 who told me what Mr. Creed did say upon the news of my 
 coming into his place, and that he did propose to my Lord 
 that there should te two Secretaries, which made me go to 
 Sir H. Wright's where my Lord dined and spoke with him 
 about it, but he seemed not to agree to the motion. Hither 
 W. Howe comes to me and so to Westminster. In the way 
 he told me, what I was to provide and so forth against my 
 going. He went with me to my office, whither also Mr. 
 Madge comes half foxed and played the fool upon the vio- 
 lin that made me weary. Then to Whitehall and so home 
 and set many of my things in order against my going. My 
 wife was late making of caps for me, and the wench mak- 
 ing an end of a pair of stockings that she was knitting of. 
 So to bed. 
 
 nth. (Sunday.) All the day busy without my band on, 
 putting up my books and things, in order to my going to 
 sea. At night my wife and I went to my father's to supper, 
 where J. Norton and Chas. Glascocke supt with us, and after 
 supper home, where the wench had provided all things 
 
 1 Mr. Bowyer, of Huntsmore, Bucks, was an old friend of Pepys, 
 and, according to a habit of the time, he sometimes styled him father 
 (see November 7th, 1 660) . This misled Lord Braybrooke into sup- 
 posing that he was Mrs. Pepys's stepfather. 
 
 2 I)aniel Rawlinson, the Royalist host of the Mitre in Fenchurch 
 Street. 
 
 ' Thomas Hater appears to have been a clerk at the Navy Office 
 before Pepys went there. In July, 1 660, he became Pepys's clerk ; in 
 1674 he was appointed Clerk of the Acts, and in 1679 Secretary of the 
 Admiralty. 
 
i6s9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 83 
 
 against to-morrow to wash, and so to bed, where I much 
 troubled with my cold and coughing. 
 
 1 2 th. This day the wench rose at two in the morning to 
 wash, and my wife and I lay talking a great while. I by 
 reason of my cold could not tell how to sleep. My wife 
 and I to the Exchange, where we bought a great many 
 things, where I left her and went into London, and at Be- 
 dells the bookseller's at the Temple gate I paid £^\2 \os. 
 6d. for Mr. Fuller by his direction. So came back and at 
 Wilkinson's found Mr. Sheply and some sea people, as the 
 cook of the Nazeby and others, at dinner. Then to the 
 White Horse in King Street, where I got Mr. Buddie's 
 horse to ride to Huntsmore' to Mr. Bowyer's, where I 
 found him and all well, and willing to have my wife come 
 and board with them while I was at sea, which was the 
 business I went about. Here I lay and took a thing for 
 my cold, namely a spoonful of honey and a nutmeg scraped 
 into it, by Mr. Bowyer's direction, and so took it into my 
 mouth, which I found did do me much good. 
 
 13th. It rained hard and I got up early, and got to Lon- 
 don by 8 o'clock at my Lord's lodgings, who told me 
 that I was to be secretary, and Creed to be deputy treasurer 
 to the Fleet, at which I was troubled, but I could not help 
 it. After that to my father's to look after things, and so at 
 my shoemaker's and others. At night to Whitehall, where 
 I met with Simons and Luellin at drink with them at 
 Roberts at Whitehall. Then to the Admiralty, where I 
 talked with Mr. Creed till the Brothers, and they were very 
 seemingly willing and glad that I have the place since my 
 Lord would dispose of it otherwise than to them. Home 
 and to bed. This day the Parliament voted all that had 
 been done by the former Rump against the House of Lords 
 be void, and to-night that the writs go out without any 
 qualification. Things seem very doubtful what will be the 
 end of all; for the Parliament seems to be strong for the 
 King, while the soldiers do all talk against. 
 
 14th. To my Lord, where infinity of applications to him 
 and to me. To ray great trouble, my Lord gives me all the 
 papers that was given to him, to put in order and give him 
 
 ^ Huntsmore, a hamlet belonging to Iver, in which parish Robert 
 Bowyer founded a free school about 1 750. — Lysons' Hist, of Bucks, 
 p. 587. 
 
84 DIARY OF March 14-16 
 
 an account of them. Here I got half-a-piece of a person 
 of Mr. Wright's recommending to my Lord to be Preacher 
 of the Speaker frigate.^ I went hence to St. James's and 
 Mr. Pierce the surgeon with me, to speak with Mr. Gierke,^ 
 Monk's secretary, about getting some soldiers removed out 
 of Huntingdon to Oundle, which my Lord told me he did to 
 do a courtesy to the town, that he might have the greater 
 interest in them, in the choice of the next Parliament; not 
 that he intends to be chosen himself, but that he might 
 have Mr. G. Montagu and my Lord Mandeville * chose 
 there in spite of the Bernards.^ This done (where I saw 
 General Monk and methought he seemed a dull heavy man), 
 he and I to Whitehall, where with Luellin we dined at 
 Marsh's. Coming home telling my wife what we had to 
 dinner, she had a mind to some cabbage, and I sent for 
 some and she had it. Went to the Admiralty, where a 
 strange thing how I am already courted by the people. This 
 morning among others that came to me I hired a boy of 
 Jenkins of Westminster and Burr^ to be my clerk. "This 
 night I went to Mr. Creed's chamber where he gave me the 
 former book of the proceedings in the fleet and the Seal. 
 Then to Harper's where old Beard was and I took him by 
 coach to my Lord's, but he was not at home, but afterwards 
 I found him out at Sir H. Wright's. Thence by coach, it 
 raining hard, to Mrs. Jem, where I staid a while, and so 
 home, and late in the night put up my things in a sea-chest 
 that Mr. Sheply lent me, and so to bed. 
 
 iSth. Early packing up my things to be sent by cart with 
 
 1 The " Speaker " was renamed the " Mary " after the Restoration. 
 It was built at Woolwich by Christopher Pett in 1649. It was a third- 
 rate of fifty-four guns and 395 tonnage. 
 
 ^ Clement Clerke of Lawnde Abbey, co. Leicester, created a baronet 
 in 1661. 
 
 ' Robert Montagu, Viscount Mandeville, eldest son of the Earl of 
 Manchester, whom he succeeded in 1671. 
 
 * Robert Bernard, created a baronet in 1662, served in Parliament 
 for Huntingdon, before and after the Restoration, and died in 1666. 
 His son and successor, Sir John Bernard, the second baronet, at the 
 time of his death, in 1669, was one of the knights of the shire for the 
 county of Huntingdon. The inscription upon his monument in Bramp- 
 ton Church is given in the " Topographer and Genealogist," vol. i. p. 
 113. Sir Nicholas Pedley, who was also burgess for Huntingdon, 
 married a daughter of Sir Robert Bernard. — B. 
 
 * John Burr, the clerk who accompanied Pepys to sea. 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 8S 
 
 the rest of my Lord's. So to Will's, where I took leave of 
 some of my friends. Here I met Tom Alcock, one that 
 went to school with me at Huntingdon, but I had not seen 
 him these sixteen years. So in the Hall paid and made 
 even with Mrs. Michell; afterwards met with old Beale, 
 and at the Axe paid him this quarter to Ladyday next. In 
 the afternoon Dick Mathews comes to dine, and I went 
 and drank with him at Harper's. So into London by water, 
 and in Fish Street my wife and I bought a bit of salmon for 
 8d. and went to the Sun Tavern and ate it, where I did 
 promise to give her all that I have in the world but my 
 books, in case I should die at sea. From thence home- 
 wards; in the way my wife bought linen for three smocks 
 and other things. I went to my Lord's and spoke with him. 
 So home with Mrs. Jem by coach and then home to my own 
 house. From thence to the Fox in King-street to supper 
 on a brave turkey of Mr. Hawly's, with some friends, of 
 his there. Will Bowyer, &c. After supper I went to West- 
 minster Hall, and the Parliament sat till ten at night, think- 
 ing and being expected to dissolve themselves to-day, but 
 they did not. Great talk to-night that the discontented 
 officers did think this night to make a stir, but prevented. 
 To the Fox again. Home with my wife, and to bed extraor- 
 dinary sleepy. 
 
 1 6th. No sooner out of bed but troubled with abundance 
 of clients, seamen. My landlord Vanly's man came to me 
 by my direction yesterday, for I was there at his house as I 
 was going to London by water, and I paid him rent for my 
 house for this quarter ending at Lady day, and took an 
 acquittance that he wrote me from his master. Then to 
 Mr. Sheply, to the Rhenish Tavern House, where Mr. Pirn, 
 the tailor, was, and gave us a morning draft and a neat's 
 tongue. Home and with my wife to London, we dined at my 
 father's, where Joyce Norton and Mr. Armiger dined also. 
 After dinner my wife took leave of them in order to her 
 going to-morrow to Huntsmore. In my way home I went 
 to the Chapel ^ in Chancery Lane to bespeak papers of all 
 sorts and other things belonging to writing against my 
 
 1 The Rolls Chapel, where were kept the rolls and records of the 
 Court of Chancery until the erection of the Record Office in Fettei 
 Lane in 1856. 
 
86 DIARY OF March 16-18 
 
 voyage. So home, where I spent an hour or two about iny 
 business in my study. Thence to the Admiralty, and staid 
 a while, so home again, where Will Bowyer came to tell us 
 that he would bear my wife company in the coach to-mor- 
 row. Then to Westminster Hall, where I heard how the 
 Parliament had this day dissolved themselves, and did pass 
 very cheerfully through the Hall, and the Speaker without 
 his mace. The whole Hall was joyful thereat, as well as 
 themselves, and now they begin to talk loud of the King. 
 To-night I am told, that yesterday, about five o'clock in the 
 afternoon, one came with a ladder to the Great Exchange,-' 
 and wiped with a brush the inscription that was upon King 
 Charles, and that there was a great bonfire made in the 
 Exchange, and people called out " God bless King Charles 
 the Second ! " ^ From the Hall I went home to bed, very 
 sad in mind to part with my wife, but God's will be done. 
 17 th. This morning bade adieu in bed to the company 
 of my wife. We rose and I gave my wife some money to 
 serve her for a time, and what papers of consequence I had. 
 Then I left her to get her ready and went to my Lord's with 
 my boy Eliezer to my Lord's lodging at Mr. Crew's. Here 
 I had much business with my Lord, and papers, great store, 
 given me by my Lord to dispose of as of the rest. After 
 that, with Mr. Moore home to my house and took my wife 
 
 * On February 28th Pepys styles the Royal Exchange the Old Ex- 
 change ; now it is the Great Exchange. 
 
 ^ " Then the writing in golden letters, that was engraven under the 
 statue of Charles I., in the Royal Exchange {Exit tyrannus, Regum uUi- 
 mus, anno libertatis Anglice, anno Domini 1648, jfantiarie xxx.) was 
 washed out by a painter, who in the day time raised a ladder, and with 
 a pot and brush washed the writing quite out, threw down his pot and 
 brush, and said it should never do him any more service, in regard that 
 it had the honour to put out rebels' hand-writing. He then came down, 
 took away his ladder, not a misword said to him, and by whose order 
 it was done was not then known. The merchants were glad and joy- 
 ful, many people were gathered together, and against the Exchange 
 made a bonfire." — Rugge's Diurnal. In the Thomason Collection of 
 Civil War Tracts at the British Museum is a pamphlet which is dated 
 in MS. March 21st, 1659-60, where this act is said to be by order of 
 Monk : "The Loyal Subjects Teares for the Sufferings and Absence of 
 their Sovereign Charles II., King of England, Scotland, and Ireland; 
 with an Observation upon the expunging of Exit Tyrannus, Regum 
 ultimus, by order of General Monk, and some Advice to the Indepen- 
 dents, Anabaptists, Phanatiques, &c. London, 1660." 
 
i6s9-6o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 87 
 
 by coach to the Chequer in Holborn, where, after we had 
 drank, &c., she took coach and so farewell. I staid behind 
 with Tom Alcock and Mr. Anderson, my old chamber fellow 
 at Cambridge his brother, and drank with them there, who 
 were come to me thither about one that would have a place 
 at sea. Thence with Mr. Hawly to dinner at Mr. Crew's. 
 After dinner to my own house, where all things were put up 
 into the dining-room and locked up, and my wife took the 
 keys along with her. This day, in the presence of Mr. 
 Moore (who made it) and Mr. Hawly, I did before I 
 went out with my wife, seal my will to her, whereby I did 
 give her all that I have in the world, but my books which I 
 give to my brother John, excepting only French books, 
 which my wife is to have. In the evening at the Admiralty, 
 I met my Lord there and got a commission for Williamson 
 to be captain of the Harp frigate,^ and afterwards went by 
 coach taking Mr. Crips with me to my Lord and got him 
 to sign it at table as he was at supper. And so to West- 
 minster back again with him with me, who had a great desire 
 to go to sea and my Lord told me that he would do him any 
 favour. So I went home with him to his mother's house by 
 me in Axe Yard, where I found Dr. Clodius's wife and sat 
 there talking and hearing of old Mrs. Crisp playing of her 
 old lessons upon the harpsichon till it was time to go to 
 bed. After that to bed, and Laud, her son,^ lay with me 
 in the best chamber in her house, which indeed was finely 
 furnished. 
 
 i8th. I rose early and went to the barber's (Jervas) in 
 Palace Yard and I was trimmed by him, and afterwards 
 drank with him a cup or two of ale, and did begin to hire 
 his man to go with me to sea. Then to my Lord's lodging 
 where I found Captain Williamson and gave him his com- 
 mission to be Captain of the Harp, and he gave me a piece 
 of gold and 20^. in silver. So to my own house, where ' I 
 staid a while and then to dinner with Mr. Shepley at my 
 Lord's lodgings. After that to Mr. Mossum's, where he 
 made a very gallant sermon upon " Pray for the life of the 
 King and the King's son." (Ezra vi. 10.) From thence to 
 
 ^ The "Harp" was a sixth-rate of eight guns, built at Dublin in 
 1656. 
 
 ^ Laud Crisp was afterwards page to Lady Sandwich. 
 
88 DIARY OF March 18-20 
 
 Mr. Crew's, but my Lord not being within I did not stay, 
 but went away and met with Mr. Woodfine, who took me to 
 an alehouse in Drury Lane, and we sat and drank together, 
 and ate toasted cakes which were very good, and we had a 
 great deal of mirth with the mistress of the house about 
 them. From thence homewards, and called at Mr. Bla- 
 grave's,^ where I took up my note that he had of mine for 
 40s., which he two years ago did give me as a pawn while 
 he had my lute. So that all things are even between him 
 and I. So to Mrs. Crisp, where she and her daughter and 
 son and I sat talking till ten o'clock at night, I giving them 
 the best advice that I could concerning their son, how he 
 should go to sea, and so to bed. 
 
 19th. Early to my Lord, where infinity of business to do, 
 which makes my head full ; and indeed, for these two or 
 three days, I have not been without a great many cares and 
 thoughts concerning them. After that to the Admiralty, 
 where a good while with Mr. Blackburne, who told me that 
 it was much to be feared that the King would come in, for 
 all good men and good things were now discouraged. 
 Thence to Wilkinson's, where Mr. Sheply and I dined; and 
 while we were at dinner, my Lord Monk's lifeguard come 
 by with the Serjeant at Arms before them, with two Procla- 
 mations, that all Cavaliers do depart the town; but the 
 other that all officers that were lately disbanded should do 
 the same. The last of which Mr. R. Creed, ^ I remember, 
 said, that he looked upon it as if they had said, that all 
 God's people should depart the town. Thence with some 
 sea officers to the Swan, where we drank wine till one comes 
 to me to pay me some money from Worcester, viz., ;^2S. 
 His name is Wilday. I sat in another room and took my 
 money and drank with him till the rest of my company were 
 gone and so we parted. Going home the water was high, 
 and so I got Crockford to carry me over it. So home, and 
 
 1 Thomas Blagrave was one of the Gentlemen of the Royal Chapel 
 and a cornet-player of repute. 
 
 ^ Major Richard Creed, who commanded a troop under Lambert 
 when that general surrendered to Ingoldsby : see April 24th following. 
 He was imprisoned with the rest of the officers, but his name does not 
 recur in the Diary, nor is it known whether he was related to John 
 Creed, so frequently mentioned hereafter. 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 89 
 
 left my money there. All the discourse now-a-day is, that 
 the King will come again; and for all I see, it is the wishes 
 of all; and all do believe that it will be so. My mind is 
 still much troubled for my poor wife, but I hope that this 
 undertaking will be worth my pains. To Whitehall and 
 staid about business at the Admiralty late, then to Tony 
 Robins's, where Capt. Stokes, Mr. Luddington and others 
 were, and I did solicit the Captain for Laud Crisp, who 
 gave me a promise that he would entertain him. After 
 that to Mrs. Crisp's where Dr. Clodius and his wife were. 
 He very merry with drink. We played at cards late and so 
 to bed. This day my Lord dined at my Lord Mayor's 
 [Allen], and Jasper was made drunk, which my Lord was 
 very angry at. 
 
 20th. This morning I rose early and went to my house to 
 put things in a little order against my going, which I con- 
 ceive will be to-morrow (the weather still very rainy). 
 After that to my Lord, where I found very great deal of 
 business, he giving me all letters and papers that come to 
 him about business, for me to give him account of when we 
 come on shipboard. Hence with Capt. Isham by coach to 
 Whitehall to the Admiralty. He and I and Chetwind, 
 Doling and Luellin dined together at Marsh's at White- 
 hall. So to the Bull Head whither W. Simons comes to us 
 and I gave them my foy ■' against my going to sea; and so 
 we took leave one of another, they promising me to write 
 to me to sea. Hither comes Pirn's boy, by my direction, 
 with two monteeres ^ for me to take my choice of, and I 
 chose the saddest colour and left the other for Mr. Sheply. 
 Hence by coach to London, and took a short melancholy 
 leave of my father and mother, without having them to 
 drink, or say anything of business one to another. And in- 
 deed I had a fear upon me I should scarce ever see my 
 mother again, she having a great cold then upon her.' 
 Then to Westminster, where by reason of rain and an east- 
 
 1 Foy. A feast given by one who is about to leave a place. In Kent, 
 according to Grose, a treat to friends, either at going abroad or coming 
 home. See Diary, November 25th, 1661. 
 
 ^ Monteeres, montero (Spanish), a kind of huntsman's cap. 
 
 * In the MS. there is the following note appended to this : " In an 
 error here, for I did not take leave of them till the next day." 
 
90 DIARY OF March 20-23 
 
 erly wind, the water was so high that there was boats rowed 
 in King Street and all our yard was drowned, that one could 
 not go to my house, so as no man has seen the like almost, 
 most houses full of water. ^ Then back by coach to my 
 Lord's, where I met Mr. Sheply, who staid with me waiting 
 for my Lord's coming in till very late. Then he and I, and 
 William Howe went with our swords to bring my Lord home 
 from Sir H. Wright's. He resolved to go to-morrow if the 
 wind ceased. Sheply and I home by coach. I to Mrs. 
 Crisp's, who had sat over a good supper long looking for 
 me. So we sat talking and laughing till it was very late, 
 and so Laud and I to bed. 
 
 2 1 St. To my Lord's, but the wind very high against us, 
 and the weather bad we could not go to-day; here I did 
 very much business, and then to my Lord Widdrington's 
 from my Lord, with his desire that he might have the dis- 
 posal of the writs of the Cinque Ports. My Lord was very 
 civil to me, and called for wine, and writ a long letter in 
 answer. Thence I went to a tavern over against Mr. Pierce's 
 with Judge Advocate Fowler and Mr. Burr, and sat and drank 
 with them two or three pints of wine. After that to Mr. 
 Crew's again and gave my Lord an account of what I had 
 done, and so about my business to take leave of my father 
 and mother, which by a mistake I have put down yesterday. 
 Thence to Westminster to Crisp's, where we were very 
 merry; the old woman sent for a supper for me, and gave 
 me a handkercher with strawberry buttons on it, and so to 
 bed. 
 
 22nd. Up very early and set things in order at my house, 
 and so took leave of Mrs. Crispe and her daughter (who was 
 in bed) and of Mrs. Hunt. Then to my Lord's lodging at 
 the gate and did so there, where Mr. Hawly came to me 
 and I gave him the key of my house to keep, and he went 
 with me to Mr. Crew's, and there I took my last leave of 
 him. But the weather continuing very bad my Lord would 
 
 1 " In this month the wind was very high, and caused great tides, so 
 that great hurt was done to the inhabitants of Westminster, King Street 
 being quite drowned. The Maidenhead boat was cast away, and twelve 
 persons with her. Also, about Dover the waters brake in upon the 
 mainland; and in Kent was very much damage done; so that report 
 said, there was ;if 20,000 worth of harm done." — Rugge's Diurnal. — B. 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 91 
 
 not go to-day. My Lord spent this morning private in seal- 
 ing of his last will and testament with Mr. W. Montagu.^ 
 After that J went forth about my own business to buy a pair 
 of riding grey serge stockings and sword and belt and hose, 
 and after that took Wotton and Brigden to the Pope's Head 
 Tavern ^ in Chancery Lane, where Gilb. Holland and Shel- 
 ston were, and we dined and drank a great deal of wine, and 
 they paid all. Strange how these people do now promise 
 me anything; one a rapier, the other a vessel of wine or a 
 gun, and one offered me his silver hatband to do him a 
 courtesy. I pray God to keep me from being proud or too 
 much lifted up hereby. After that to Westminster, and 
 took leave of Kate Sterpin who was very sorry to part with 
 me, and after that of Mr. George Mountagu, and received 
 my warrant of Mr. Blackburne, to be Secretary to the two 
 Generals of the Fleet. Then to take my leave of the Clerks 
 of the Council, and thence Doling and Luellin would have me 
 go with them to Mount's chamber, where we sat and talked 
 and then I went away. So to my Lord (in my way meeting 
 Chetwind and Swan and bade them farewell) where I lay all 
 night with Mr. Andrews. This day Mr. Sheply went away 
 on board and I sent my boy with him. This day also Mrs. 
 Jemimah went to Marrowbone,^ so I could not see her. Mr. 
 Moore being out of town to-night I could not take leave of 
 him nor speak to him about business which troubled me 
 much. I left my small case therefore with Mr. Andrews for 
 him. 
 
 23rd. Up early, carried my Lord's will in a black box to 
 Mr. William Montagu for him to keep for him. Then to 
 the barber's and put on my cravat there. So to my Lord 
 again, who was almost ready to be gone and had staid for 
 me. Hither came Gilb. Holland, and brought me a stick 
 rapier and Shelston a sugar-loaf, and had brought his wife 
 who he said was a very pretty woman to the Ship tavern 
 
 1 William, second son of Edward, first Lord Montagu of Boughton, 
 and first cousin to Sir Edward Montagu. He was appointed Lord Chief 
 Baron 1676. Died 1707, aged 89. 
 
 ^ There is a token of the Pope's Head tavern in Chancery Lane de- 
 scribed in " Boyne's Trade Tokens," by Williamson, 1889, vol. i. p. 554. 
 
 8 The name Mary-le-bone has been corrupted from St. Mary-le- 
 bourne, but this is a still further corruption, and an amazing instance of 
 popular etymology. 
 
92 DIARY OF March 23-26 
 
 hard by for me to see but I could not go. Young Reeve also 
 brought me a little perspective glass which I bought for my 
 Lord, it cost me Ss. So after that my Lord in Sir H. 
 Wright's coach with Captain Isham,^ Mr. Thomas, John 
 Crew, W. Howe, and I in a Hackney to the Tower, where 
 the barges staid for us; my Lord and the Captain in one, 
 and W. Howe and I, &c., in the other, to the Long Reach, ^ 
 where the Swiftsure lay at anchor; (in our way we saw the 
 great breach which the late high water had made, to the loss 
 of many ;^iooo to the people about Limehouse.) Soon as 
 my Lord on board, the guns went off bravely from the ships. 
 And a little while after comes the Vice-Admiral Lawson,^ 
 and seemed very respectful to my Lord, and so did the rest 
 of the Commanders of the frigates that were thereabouts. 
 I to the cabin allotted for me, which was the best that any 
 had that belonged to my Lord. I got out some things out of 
 my chest for writing and to work presently, Mr. Burr and I 
 both. I supped at the deck table with Mr. Sheply. We 
 were late writing of orders for the getting of ships ready, 
 &c. ; and also making of others to all the seaports between 
 Hastings and Yarmouth, to stop all dangerous persons that 
 are going or coming between Flanders and there. After 
 that to bed in my cabin, which was but short; however I 
 made shift with it and slept very well, and the weather being 
 good I was not sick at all yet, I know not what I shall be. 
 
 24th. At work hard all the day writing letters to the 
 Council, &c. This day Mr. Creed came on board and dined 
 very boldly with my Lord, but he could not get a bed there. 
 At night Capt. Isham who had been at Gravesend all last 
 night and to-day came and brought Mr. Lucy (one ac- 
 quainted with Mrs. Pierce, with whom I had been at her 
 house), I drank with him in the Captain's cabin, but my 
 business could not stay with him. I despatch many letters 
 to-day abroad and it was late before we could get to bed. 
 Mr. Sheply and Howe supped with me in my cabin. The 
 
 1 Sir Sidney Montagu, brother of the first Earl of Manchester, and the 
 father of " my Lord," had married for his second wife one of the Isham 
 family, of Lamport. 
 
 2 Long Reach, between Erith and Gravesend. 
 
 8 Vice- Admiral John Lawson, knighted by Charles II. in September, 
 1660. 
 
1659-60. SAMUEL PEPYS. 93 
 
 boy Eliezer flung down a can of beer upon my papers which 
 made me give him a box of the ear, it having all spoiled my 
 papers and cost me a great deal of work. So to bed. 
 
 25th (Lord's day). About two o'clock in the morning, 
 letters came from London by our coxon, so they waked me, 
 but I would not rise but bid him stay till morning, which 
 he did, and then I rose and carried them in to my Lord, 
 who read them a-bed. Among the rest, there was the writ 
 and mandate for him to dispose to the Cinque Ports for 
 choice of Parliament-men. There was also one for me from 
 Mr. Blackburne, who with his own hand superscribes it to 
 S. P. Esq., of which God knows I was not a little proud. 
 After that I wrote a letter to the Clerk of Dover Castle, to 
 come to my Lord about issuing of those writs. About ten 
 o'clock Mr. Ibbott,^ at the end of the long table, begun to 
 pray and preach and indeed made a very good sermon, upon 
 the duty of all Christians to be stedfast in faith. After that 
 Captain Cuttance^ and I had oysters, my Lord being in 
 his cabin not intending to stir out to-day. After that up 
 into the great cabin above to dinner with the Captain, where 
 was Captain Isham and all the officers of the ship. I took 
 place of all but the Captains; after dinner I wrote a great 
 many letters to my friends at London. After that, sermon 
 again, at which I slept, God forgive me! After that, it 
 being a fair day, I walked with the Captain upon the deck 
 talking. At night I supped with him and after that had 
 orders from my Lord about some business to be done against 
 to-morrow, which I sat up late and did and then to bed. 
 
 26th. This day it is two years since it pleased God that I 
 was cut of the stone at Mrs. Turner's in Salisbury Court. 
 And did resolve while I live to keep it a festival, as I did 
 the last year at my house, and for ever to have Mrs. Turner 
 and her company with me. But now it pleases God that I 
 am where I am and so prevented to do it openly; only within 
 my soul I can and do rejoice, and bless God, being at this 
 time, blessed be his holy name, in as good nealth as ever I 
 was in my life. This morning I rose early, and went about 
 
 1 Edmund Ibbott, S.T.B., chaplain of the ship, in 1662 made rector 
 of Deal. Died 1677. 
 
 2 Captain Roger Cuttance, commander of the " Naseby," afterwards 
 the " Charles." 
 
94 DIARY OF March 26-30 
 
 making of an establishment of the whole Fleet, and a list 
 of all the ships, with the number of men and guns. About 
 an hour after that, we had a meeting of the principal com- 
 manders and seamen, to proportion out the number of these 
 things. After that to dinner, there being very many com- 
 manders on board. All the afternoon very many orders 
 were made, till I was very weary. At night Mr. Sheply 
 and W. Howe came and brought some bottles of wine and 
 some things to eat in my cabin, where we were very merry, 
 remembering the day of being cut for the stone. Captain 
 Cuttance came afterwards and sat drinking a bottle of wine 
 till eleven, a kindness he do not usually do the greatest 
 officer in the ship. After that to bed. 
 
 27th. Early in the morning at making a fair new estab- 
 lishment of the Fleet to send to the Council. This morn- 
 ing, the wind came about, and we fell into the Hope,-' and 
 in our passing by the Vice-Admiral, he and the rest of the 
 frigates with him, did give us abundance of guns and we 
 them, so much that the report of them broke all the windows 
 in my cabin and broke off the iron bar that was upon it to 
 keep anybody from creeping in at the Scuttle.^ This noon 
 I sat the first time with my Lord at table since my coming 
 to sea. All the afternoon exceeding busy in writing of 
 letters and orders. In the afternoon. Sir Harry Wright 
 came on board us, about his business of being chosen Par- 
 liament-man. My Lord brought him to see my cabin, when 
 I was hard a-writing. At night supped with my Lord too, 
 with the Captain, and after that to work again till it be very 
 late. So to bed. 
 
 28th. This morning and the whole day busy, and that 
 the more because Mr. Burr was about his own business all 
 the day at Gravesend. At night there was a gentleman very 
 well bred, his name was Banes, going for Flushing, who 
 spoke French and Latin very well, brought by direction 
 from Captain Clerke * hither, as a prisoner, because he called 
 out of the vessel that he went in, " Where is your King, we 
 
 ^ A reach of the Thames near Tilbury. 
 
 2 " A small hole or port cut either in the deck or side of a ship, 
 
 generally for ventilation. That in the deck is a small hatch-way." 
 
 Smyth's Sailors' Word-Book. 
 
 ^ Robin Clerke, Captain of the " Speaker," afterwards the " Mary." 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 95 
 
 have done our business, Vive le Roi." He confessed him- 
 self a Cavalier in his heart, and that he and his whole family 
 had fought for the King; but that he was then drunk, hav- 
 ing been all night taking his leave at Gravesend the night 
 before, and so could not remember what it was that he said; 
 but in his words and carriage showed much of a gentleman. 
 My Lord had a great kindness for him, but did not think it 
 safe to release him, but commanded him to be used civilly, 
 so he was taken to the Master's Cabin and had supper there. 
 In the meantime I wrote a letter to the Council about him, 
 and an order for the vessel to be sent for back that he was 
 taken out of. But a while after, he sent a letter down to 
 my Lord, which my Lord did like very well, and did advise 
 with me what was best to be done. So I put in something 
 to my Lord and then to the Captain that the gentleman was 
 to be released and the letter stopped, which was done. So 
 I went up and sat and talked with him in Latin and French, 
 and drank a bottle or two with him ; and about eleven at 
 night he took boat again, and so God bless him. Thence 
 I to my cabin and to bed. This day we had news of the 
 election at Huntingdon for Bernard and Pedly,^ at which 
 my Lord was much troubled for his friends' missing of it. 
 
 29th. We lie still a little below Gravesend. At night 
 Mr. Sheply returned from London, and told us of several 
 elections for the next Parliament. That the King's effigies 
 was new making to be set up in the Exchange again. This 
 evening was a great whispering of some of the Vice-Admiral's 
 captains that they were dissatisfied, and did intend to fight 
 themselves, to oppose the General. But it was soon hushed, 
 and the Vice-Admiral did wholly deny any such thing, and 
 protested to stand by the General. At night Mr. Sheply, 
 W. Howe, and I supped in my cabin. So up to the Master's 
 cabin, where we sat talking, and then to bed. 
 
 30th. I was saluted in the morning with two letters, from 
 some that I had done a favour to, which brought me in each 
 a piece of gold. This day, while my Lord and we were at 
 dinner, the Nazeby came in sight towards us, and at last 
 
 1 John Bernard and Nicholas Pedley, re-elected in the next Parlia- 
 ment. The latter had been a Commissioner of the Wine Office. Sir 
 Edward Montagu had set up Lord Mandeville, the Earl of Manchester's 
 eldest son, and Mr. G. Montagu, as candidates. See ante, March 14th. 
 
96 DIARY OF March 30-April 3 
 
 came to anchor close by us. After dinner my Lord and 
 many others went on board her, where every thing was out 
 of order, and a new chimney made for my Lord in his bed- 
 chamber, which he was much pleased with. My Lord, in 
 his discourse, discovered a great deal of love to this ship.^ 
 
 31st. This morning Captain Jowles of the "Wexford" 
 came on board, for whom I got commission from my Lord 
 to be commander of the ship. Upon the doing thereof he 
 was to make the 20s. piece that he sent me yesterday, up 
 ;^5 ; wherefore he sent me a bill that he did owe me ;^4, 
 which I sent my boy to Gravesend with him, and he did 
 give the boy ;^4 for me, and the boy gave him the bill under 
 his hand. This morning, Mr. Hill ^ that lives in Axe-yard 
 was here on board with the Vice-Admiral. I did give him 
 a bottle of wine, and was exceedingly satisfied of the power 
 that I have to make my friends welcome. Many orders to 
 make all the afternoon. At night Mr. Sheply, Howe, Ibbott, 
 and I supped in my cabin together. 
 
 April ist (Lord's day). Mr. Ibbott preached very well. 
 After dinner my Lord did give me a private list of all the 
 ships that were to be set out this summer, wherein I do dis- 
 cern that he hath made it his care to put by as much of the 
 Anabaptists as he can. By reason of my Lord and my being 
 busy to send away the packet by Mr. Cooke of the Nazeby, 
 it was four o'clock before we could begin sermon again. 
 This day Captain Guy come on board from Dunkirk, who 
 tells me that the King will come in, and that the soldiers at 
 Dunkirk do drink the King's health in the streets. At night 
 the Captain, Sir R. Stayner, Mr. Sheply, and I did sup 
 together in the Captain's cabin. I made a commission for 
 Captain Wilgness, of the Bear, to-night, which got me 30^-. 
 So after writing a while I went to bed. 
 
 2d. Up very early, and to get all my things and my boy's 
 packed up. Great concourse of commanders here this morn- 
 ing to take leave of my Lord upon his going into the Nazeby, 
 so that the table was full, so there dined below many com- 
 
 1 Sir E. Montagu's flag was on board the "Naseby" when he went 
 to the Sound in 1658. 
 
 2 Mr. Hill, who was a neighbour of Pepys's in Axe Yard, is men- 
 tioned again under date August 5th, 1660, when Pepys sat in his pew 
 at St. Margaret's, Westminster. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 97 
 
 manders, and Mr. Creed, who was much troubled to hear 
 that he could not go along with my Lord, for he had already 
 got all his things thither, thinking to stay there, but W. 
 Howe was very high against it, and he indeed did put him 
 out, though everybody was glad of it. After dinner I went 
 in one of the boats with my boy before my Lord, and made 
 shift before night to get my cabin in pretty good order. It 
 is but little, but very convenient, having one window to the 
 sea and another to the deck, and a good bed. This morning 
 comes Mr. Ed. Pickering,^ like a coxcomb as he always was. 
 He tells me that the King will come in, but that Monk did 
 resolve to have the doing of it himself, or else to hinder it. 
 3d. Late to bed. About three in the morning there was 
 great knocking at my cabin, which with much difficulty (so 
 they say) waked me, and I rose, but it was only for a packet, 
 so went to my bed again, and in the morning gave it my 
 Lord. This morning Capt. Isham comes on board to see 
 my Lord and drunk his wine before he went into the Downs, 
 there likewise come many merchants to get convoy to the 
 Baltique, which a course was taken for. They dined with 
 my Lord, and one of them by name Alderman Wood talked 
 much to my Lord of the hopes that we have now to be 
 settled, (under the King he meant) ; but my Lord took no 
 notice of it. After dinner which was late my Lord went on 
 shore, and after him I and Capt. Sparling went in his boat, 
 
 1 Younger brother of Sir Gilbert Pickering, Bart., born i6l8, and 
 bred to the law; and in 1681 a resident in Lincoln's Inn. He married 
 Dorothy, one of the daughters of Sir John Weld of Arnolds, in Edmon- 
 ton, Middlesex, and died in 1698, s. p. s.; his widow survived till 
 December, 1707. Roger North ("Life of Lord Keeper Guildford," 
 1742, p. 58) has drawn a very unfavourable picture of Edward Picker- 
 ing, calling him a subtle fellow, a money-hunter, a great trifler, and 
 avaricious, but withal a great pretender to puritanism, frequenting the 
 Rolls' Chapel, and most busily writing the sermon in his hat, that he 
 might not be seen. We learn from the same authority that Sir John 
 Cutts of Childerley, having left his aunt, Mrs. Edward Pickering, an 
 estate worth ^yx) per annum, for ninety-nine years, if she should so 
 long live, her husband, who was the executor, erased from the will 
 the words of reference to her life, with intention to possess himself of 
 the property for the term, absolutely, which fraud being suspected, the 
 question was tried in a court of law, and the jury without hesitation 
 found Pickering the author of the erasure, before the publication of the 
 wiU. — B. 
 
98 DIARY OF AprU 3-6 
 
 but the water being almost at low water we could not stay 
 for fear of not getting into our boat again. So back again. 
 This day come the Lieutenant of the Swiftsure, who was sent 
 by my Lord to Hastings, one of the Cinque Ports, to have 
 got Mr. Edward Montagu ^ to have been one of their bur- 
 gesses, but could not, for they were all promised before. 
 After he had done his message, I took him and Mr. Pierce, 
 the surgeon (who this day came on board, and not before), 
 to my cabin, where we drank a bottle of wine. At night, 
 busy a-writing, and so to bed. My heart exceeding heavy 
 for not hearing of my dear wife, and indeed I do not remem- 
 ber that ever my heart was so apprehensive of her absence 
 as at this very time. 
 
 4th. This morning I dispatch many letters of my own 
 private business to London. There come Colonel Thomson 
 with the wooden leg, and General Pen,^ and dined with my 
 Lord and Mr. Blackburne, who told me that it was certain 
 now that the King must of necessity come in, and that one 
 of the Council told him there is something doing in order 
 to a treaty already among them. And it was strange to hear 
 how Mr. Blackburne did already begin to commend him for 
 a sober man, and how quiet he would be under his govern- 
 ment, &c. I dined all alone to prevent company, which 
 was exceeding great to-day, in my cabin. After these two 
 
 1 Edward Montagu, eldest son of Edward, second Lord Montagu of 
 Boughton, killed in the action in Bergen, 1665. 
 
 ^ This is the first mention in the Diary of Admiral (afterwards Sir 
 William) Penn, with whom Pepys was subsequently so particularly inti- 
 mate. At this time admirals were sometimes styled generals. William 
 Penn was born at Bristol in 1621, of the ancient family of the Penns of 
 Penn Lodge, Wilts. He was Captain at the age of twenty-one; Rear- 
 Admiral of Ireland at twenty-three; Vice-Admiral of England and 
 General in the first Dutch war, at thirty-two. He was subsequently 
 M.P. for Weymouth, Governor of Kingsale, and Vice-Admiral of Mun- 
 ster. He was a highly successful commander, and in 1654 he obtained 
 possession of Jamaica. He was appointed a Commissioner of the Navy 
 in 1660, in which year he was knighted. After the Dutch fight in 
 1665, where he distinguished himself as second in command under the 
 Duke of York, he took leave of the sea, but continued to act as a Com- 
 missioner for the Navy till 1669, when he retired to Wanstead, on 
 account of his bodily infirmities, and dying there, September i6th, 
 1670, aged forty-nine, was buried in the church of St. Mary Redcliffa, 
 in Bristol, where a monument to his memory was erected. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 99 
 
 were gone Sir W. Wheeler and Sir John Fetters came on 
 board and staid about two or three hours, and so went away. 
 The Commissioners came to-day, only to consult about a 
 further reducement of the Fleet, and to pay them as fast as 
 they can. I did give Davis, their servant, _;£s los. to give 
 to Mr. Moore from me, in part of the ;£^ that I borrowed 
 of him, and he is to discount the rest out of the 36j-. that 
 he do owe me. At night, my Lord resolved to send the 
 Captain of our ship to Waymouth and promote his being 
 chosen there, which he did put himself into a readiness to 
 do the next morning. 
 
 5 th. Infinity of business all the morning of orders to 
 make, that I was very much perplexed that Mr. Burr had 
 failed me of coming back last night, and we ready to set 
 sail, which we did about noon, and came in the evening 
 to Lee roads and anchored. At night Mr. Sheply overtook 
 us who had been at Gray's Market^ this morning. I spent 
 all the afternoon upon the deck, it being very pleasant 
 weather. This afternoon Sir Rich. Stayner and Mr. Creed, 
 after we were come to anchor, did come on board, and 
 Creed brought me ^30, which my Lord had ordered him to 
 pay me upon account, and Captain Clerke brought me a 
 noted caudle. At night very sleepy to bed. 
 
 6th. This morning came my brother-in-law Baity'-' to see 
 me, and to desire to be here with me as Reformado,^ which 
 did much trouble me. But after dinner (my Lord using 
 him very civilly, at table), I spoke to my Lord, and he pre- 
 sented me a letter to Captain Stokes ^ for him that he should 
 be there. All the day with him walking and talking, we 
 under sail as far as the Spitts. In the afternoon, W. Howe 
 and I to our viallins, the first time since we came on board. 
 This afternoon I made even with my Lord to this day, and 
 did give him all the money remaining in my hands. In the 
 evening, it being fine moonshine, I staid late walking upon 
 
 1 Gray's Thurrock, a market town on the Thames, in the county of 
 Essex. 
 
 2 Balthasar St. Michel, Mrs. Pepys's brother. 
 
 ° Reformado, "a broken or disbanded officer." Boyer translates 
 " Ojfficier reforme, a reformado." See Diary, October 1st, 1660. 
 
 * John Stokes, or Stoakes, was captain of the "Royal James." He 
 died at Portsmouth, February, 1664-65. 
 
100 DIARY OF AprUe-iO 
 
 the quarter-deck with Mr. Cuttance, learning of some sea 
 terms; and so down to supper and to bed, having an hour 
 before put Baity into Burr's cabin, he being out of the ship. 
 
 7th. This day, about nine o'clock in the morning, the 
 wind grew high, and we being among the sands lay at anchor; 
 I began to be dizzy and squeamish. Before dinner my Lord 
 sent for me down to eat some oysters, the best my Lord said 
 that ever he ate in his life, though I have ate as good at 
 Bardsey.^ After dinner, and all the afternoon I walked 
 upon the deck to keep myself from being sick, and at last 
 about five o'clock, went to bed and got a caudle made me, 
 and sleep upon it very well. This day Mr. Sheply went to 
 Sheppy. 
 
 8th (Lord's day). Very calm again, and I pretty well, but 
 my head aked all day. About noon set sail ; in our way I 
 see many vessels and masts, which are now the greatest 
 guides for ships. We had a brave wind all the afternoon, 
 and overtook two good merchantmen that overtook us yes- 
 terday, going to the East Indies. The lieutenant and I lay 
 out of his window with his glass, looking at the women that 
 were on board them, being pretty handsome. This even- 
 ing Major Willoughby, who had been here three or four 
 days on board with Mr. Pickering,^ went on board a catch ^ 
 for Dunkirk. We continued sailing when I went to bed, 
 being somewhat ill again, and Will Howe, the surgeon, par- 
 son, and Baity supped in the Lieutenant's cabin and after- 
 wards sat disputing, the parson for and I against extemporary 
 prayers, very hot. 
 
 9th. We having sailed all night, were come in sight of 
 the Nore and South Forelands in the morning, and so sailed 
 all day. In the afternoon we had a very fresh gale, which 
 I brooked better than I thought I should be able to do. This 
 afternoon I first saw France and Calais, with which I was 
 
 1 Bardsey Isle, in Pwllheli district, Carnarvon. It lies at the north- 
 west extremity of Cardigan Bay, and is famous for oysters, lobsters, and 
 white fish. 
 
 2 Probably Edward Pickering, see p. 97 (note). 
 
 ' " A vessel of the galliot order, equipped with two masts, viz., the 
 main and mizen masts, usually from 100 to 250 tons burden. Ketches 
 were principally used as yachts for conveying great personages from 
 one place to another." — Smyth's Sailor's Word-Book, 1867. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 101 
 
 much pleased, though it was at a distance. About five 
 o'clock we came to the Goodwin, so to the Castles about 
 Deal,^ where our Fleet lay, among whom we anchored. 
 Great was the shout of guns from the castles and ships, and 
 our answers, that I never heard yet so great rattling of guns. 
 Nor could we see one another on board for the smoke that 
 was among us, nor one ship from another. Soon as we came 
 to anchor, the captains came from on board their ships all 
 to us on board. This afternoon I wrote letters for my Lord 
 to the Council, &c., which Mr. Pickering was to carry, who 
 took his leave this night of my Lord, and Baity after I had 
 wrote two or three letters by him to my wife and Mr. Bowyer, 
 and had drank a bottle of wine with him in my cabin which 
 J. Goods and W. Howe brought on purpose, he took leave 
 of me too to go away to-morrow morning with Mr. Picker- 
 ing. I lent Baity 15J. which he was to pay to my wife. It 
 was one in the morning before we parted. This evening 
 Mr. Sheply came on board, having escaped a very great 
 danger upon a sand coming from Chatham. 
 
 loth. This morning many or most of the commanders in 
 the Fleet came on board and dined here, so that some of 
 them and I dined together in the Round-house, where we 
 were very merry. Hither came the Vice-Admiral to us, and 
 sat and talked and seemed a very good-natured man. At 
 night as I was all alone in my cabin, in a melancholy fit 
 playing on my viallin, my Lord and Sir R. Stayner came 
 into the coach ^ and supped there, and called me out to 
 supper with them. After that up to the Lieutenant's cabin, 
 where he and I and Sir Richard sat till 11 o'clock talking, 
 and so to bed. This day my Lord Goring ^ returned from 
 France, and landed at Dover. 
 
 1 The castles were Walmer, Sandgate, Sandwich, Deal, and Dover. 
 
 2 " A sort of chamber or apartment in a large ship of war, just before 
 the great cabin. The floor of it is formed by the aftmost part of the 
 quarter deck, and the roof of it by the poop : it is generally the habita- 
 tion of the flag-captain." — Smyth's Sailor's Word-Book. 
 
 ' Charles, who succeeded his father as second Earl of Norwich. He 
 had been banished eleven years before by the Parliament for heading 
 an army, and keeping the town of Colchester for the use of the King. 
 At his first coming he went to the Council of State, and had leave to 
 remain in London, provided he did not disturb the peace of the nation. 
 — Rugge's Diurnal. — B. 
 
102 DIARY OF April 11-14 
 
 nth. A Gentleman came this morning from my Lord of 
 Manchester to my Lord for a pass for Mr. Boyle, ^ which was 
 made him. I ate a good breakfast by my Lord's orders with 
 him in the great cabin below. The wind all this day was 
 very high, so that a gentleman that was at dinner with my 
 Lord that came along with Sir John Bloys ^ (who seemed a 
 fine man) was forced to rise from table. This afternoon 
 came a great packet of letters from London directed to me, 
 among the rest two from my wife, the first that I have since 
 coming away from London. All the news from London is 
 that things go on further towards a King. That the Skinners' 
 Company the other day at their entertaining of General 
 Monk * had took down the Parliament Arms in their Hall, 
 and set up the King's. In the evening my Lord and I had 
 a great deal of discourse about the several Captains of the 
 Fleet and his interest among them, and had his mind clear 
 to bring in the King. He confessed to me that he was not 
 sure of his own Captain [Cuttance] to be true to him, and 
 that he did not like Captain Stokes. At night W. Howe 
 and I at our viallins in my cabin, where Mr. Ibbott and the 
 lieutenant were late. I staid the lieutenant late, shewing 
 him my manner of keeping a journal. After that to bed. 
 It comes now into my mind to observe that I am sensible 
 that I have been a little too free to make mirth with the 
 minister of our ship, he being a very sober and an upright 
 man. 
 
 12 th. This day, the weather being very bad, we had no 
 strangers on board. In the afternoon came the Vice-Admiral 
 on board, with whom my Lord consulted, and I sent a packet 
 to London at night with several letters to my friends, as to 
 my wife about my getting of money for her when she should 
 need it, to Mr. Bowyer that he tell me when the Messieurs 
 
 1 The Hon. Robert Boyle, youngest son of Richard, first Earl of 
 Cork. 
 
 ■^ Probably a miswriting for Sir John Boys, the celebrated Royalist 
 commander, who was released from Dover Castle on February 23rd, 
 1659-60, having been imprisoned for petitioning for a free parliament. 
 See p. 107 (note). 
 
 '"His Excellency had now dined at nine of , the chief Halls; at 
 every Hall there was after dinner a kind of stage-play, and many pretty 
 conceits, and dancing and singing and many shapes and ghosts, and 
 the like, and all to please Lord Monk." — Rugge's Diurnal. — B. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 103 
 
 of the offices be paid, to Mr. Moore about the business of 
 my office, and making even with him as to matter of money. 
 At night after I had despatched my letters, to bed. 
 
 13th. This day very foul all day for rain and wind. In 
 the afternoon set my own things in my cabin and chests in 
 better order than hitherto, and set my papers in order. At 
 night sent another packet to London by the post, and after 
 that was done I went up to the lieutenant's cabin and there 
 we broached a vessel of ale that we had sent for among us 
 from Deal to-day. There was the minister and doctor with 
 us. After that till one o'clock in the morning writing letters 
 to Mr. Downing about my business of continuing my office 
 to myself, only Mr. Moore to execute it for me. I had also 
 a very serious and effectual letter from my Lord to him to 
 that purpose. After that done then to bed, and it being 
 very rainy, and the rain coming upon my bed, I went and 
 lay with John Goods in the great cabin below, the wind 
 being so high that we were fain to lower some of the masts. 
 I to bed, and what with the goodness of the bed and the 
 rocking of the ship I slept till almost ten o'clock, and then — 
 
 14th. Rose and drank a good morning draught there with 
 Mr. Sheply, which occasioned my thinking upon the happy 
 life that I live now, had I nothing to care for but myself. 
 The sea was this morning very high, and looking out of the 
 window I saw our boat come with Mr. Pierce, the surgeon, 
 in it in great danger, who endeavouring to come on board 
 us, had like to have been drowned had it not been for a 
 rope. This day I was informed that my Lord Lambert is 
 got out of the Tower-' and that there is ;^ioo proffered to 
 
 1 The manner of the escape of John Lambert, out of the Tower, on 
 the nth inst., as related by Rugge: — "That about eight of the clock 
 at night he escaped by a rope tied fast to his window, by which he 
 slid down, and in each hand he had a handkerchief; and six men were 
 ready to receive him, who had a barge to hasten him away. She who 
 made the bed, being privy to his escape, that night, to blind the warder 
 when he came to lock the chamber-door, went to bed, and possessed 
 Colonel Lambert's place, and put on his night-cap. So, when the said 
 warder came to lock the door, according to his usual manner, he found 
 the curtains drawn, and conceiving it to be Colonel John Lambert, he 
 said, 'Good night, my Lord.' To which a seeming voice replied, and 
 prevented all further jealousies. The next morning, on coming to 
 unlock the door, and espying her face, he cried out, ' In the name of 
 God, Joan, what makes you here? Where is my Lord Lambert?' 
 
104 DIARY OF April H-18 
 
 whoever shall bring him forth to the Council of State. My 
 Lord is chosen at Waymouth this morning ; my Lord had 
 his freedom brought him by Captain Tiddiman ^ of the port 
 of Dover, by which he is capable of being elected for them. 
 This day I heard that the Army had in general declared to 
 stand by what the next Parliament shall do. At night supped 
 with my Lord. 
 
 iSth (Lord's day). Up early and was trimmed by the bar- 
 ber in the great cabin below. After that to put my clothes 
 on and then to sermon, and then to dinner, where my Lord 
 told us that the University of Cambridge had a mind to 
 choose him for their burgess, which he pleased himself with, 
 to think that they do look upon him as a thriving man, and 
 said so openly at table. At dinner-time Mr. Cook came 
 back from London with a packet which caused my Lord to 
 be full of thoughts all day, and at night he bid me privately 
 to get two commissions ready, one for Capt. Robert Blake 
 to be captain of the Worcester,^ in the room of Capt. 
 Dekings, an anabaptist, and one that had witnessed a great 
 deal of discontent with the present proceedings. The other 
 for Capt. Coppin " to come out of that into the Newbury in 
 the room of Blake, whereby I perceive that General Monk 
 do resolve to make a thorough change, to make way for the 
 King. From London I hear that since Lambert got out of 
 the Tower, the Fanatiques had held up their heads high, 
 but I hope all that will come to nothing. Late a Writing of 
 letters to London to get ready for Mr. Cook. Then to bed. 
 
 1 6th. And about 4 o'clock in the morning Mr. Cook 
 waked me where I lay in the great cabin below, and I did 
 give him his packet and directions for London. So to 
 sleep again. All the morning giving out orders and tickets 
 to the Commanders of the Fleet to discharge all supernum- 
 
 She said, 'He is gone ; but I cannot tell whither.' Whereupon he 
 caused her to rise, and carried her before the officer in the Tower, 
 and [she] was committed to custody. Some said that a lady knit for 
 him a garter of silk, by which he was conveyed down, and that she 
 received ^100 for her pains." — B. 
 
 ^ Captain, afterwards Admiral Sir Thomas Teddiman. 
 
 ^ The " Worcester " (formerly the " Dunkirk ") was a third-rate of 
 forty-eight guns, built at Woolwich in 1 65 1 by Mr. Russell. 
 
 5 John Coppin was captain of the " Lambert," afterwards the " Hen- 
 rietta." 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 105 
 
 eraries that they had above the number that the Council had 
 set in their last establishment. After dinner busy all the 
 afternoon writing, and so till night, then to bed. 
 
 17th. All the morning getting ready commissions for the 
 Vice-AdmiraP and the Rear-Admiral,^ wherein my Lord 
 was very careful to express the utmost of his own power, 
 commanding them to obey what orders they should receive 
 from the Parliament, &c., or both or either of the Gen- 
 erals.' The Vice-Admiral dined with us, and in the after- 
 noon my Lord called me to give him the commission for 
 him, which I did, and he gave it him himself. A very 
 pleasant afternoon, and I upon the deck all the day, it was 
 so clear that my Lord's glass shewed us Calais very plain, 
 and the cliffs were as plain to be seen as Kent, and my Lord 
 at first made me believe that it was Kent. At night, after 
 supper, my Lord called for the Rear-Admiral's commission, 
 which I brought him, and I sitting in my study heard my 
 Lord discourse with him concerning D. King's and New- 
 berry's being put out of commission. And by the way I did 
 observe that my Lord did speak more openly his mind to 
 me afterwards at night than I can find that he did to the 
 Rear-Admiral, though his great confidant. For I was with 
 him an hour together, when he told me clearly his thoughts 
 that the King would carry it, and that he did think himself 
 very happy that he was now at sea, as well for his own sake, 
 as that he thought he might do his country some service in 
 keeping things quiet. To bed, and shifting myself from 
 top to toe, there being J. Goods and W. Howe sat late by 
 my bedside talking. So to sleep, every day bringing me a 
 fresh sense of the pleasure of my present life. 
 
 1 8th. This morning very early came Mr. Edward Montagu 
 on board, but what was the business of his coming again or 
 before without any servant and making no stay at all I can- 
 
 ^ Sir John Lawson (see ante, p. 2, note). 
 
 '^ Sir Richard Stayner, knighted and made a Vice-Admiral by Crom- 
 well, 1657, and after the Restoration sent to command at Tangier till 
 the Governor arrived. 
 
 ^ Sir Edward Montagu afterwards recommended the Duke of York 
 as High Admiral, to give regular and lawful commissions to the Com- 
 manders of the Fleet, instead of those which they had received from 
 Sir Edward himself, or from the Rump Parliament. — Kennett's 
 Register, p. 163. 
 
106 DIARY OF April 18-21 
 
 not guess. This day Sir R. Stayner, Mr. Sheply, and as 
 many of my Lord's people as could be spared went to Dover 
 to get things ready against to-morrow for the election there. 
 I all the afternoon dictating in my cabin (my own head be- 
 ing troubled with multiplicity of business) to Burr, who 
 wrote for me above a dozen letters, by which I have made 
 my mind more light and clear than I have had it yet since 
 I came on board. At night sent a packet to London, and 
 Mr. Cook returned hence bringing me this news, that the 
 Sectaries do talk high what they will do, but I believe all to 
 no purpose, but the Cavaliers are something unwise to talk 
 so high on the other side as they do. That the Lords do 
 meet every day at my Lord of Manchester's, and resolve to 
 sit the first day of the Parliament. That it is evident now 
 that the General and the Council do resolve to make way for 
 the King's coming. And it is now clear that either the Fa- 
 natiques must now be undone, or the gentry and citizens 
 throughout England, and clergy must fall, in spite of their 
 militia and army, which is not at all possible I think. At 
 night I supped with W. Howe and Mr. Luellin (being the 
 first time that I had been so long with him) in the great 
 cabin below. After that to bed, and W. Howe sat by my 
 bedside, and he and I sang a psalm or two and so I to 
 sleep. 
 
 19th. A great deal of business all this day, and Bun- 
 being gone to shore without my leave did vex me much. 
 At dinner news was brought us that my Lord was chosen at 
 Dover. This afternoon came one Mr. Mansell on board as 
 a Reformado, to whom my Lord did shew exceeding great 
 respect, but upon what account I do not yet know. This 
 day it has rained much, so that when I came to go to bed 
 I found it wet through, so I was fain to wrap myself up in 
 a dry sheet, and so lay all night. 
 
 20th. All the morning I was busy to get my window 
 altered, and to have my table set as I would have it, which 
 after it was done I was infinitely pleased with it, and also to 
 see what a command I have to have every one ready to come 
 and go at my command. This evening came Mr. Boyle on 
 board, for whom I writ an order for a ship to transport him 
 to Flushing. He supped with my Lord, my Lord using him 
 as a person of honour. This evening too came Mr. John 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 107 
 
 Pickering on board us. This evening my head ached ex- 
 ceedingly, which I impute to my sitting backwards in my 
 cabin, otherwise than I am used to do. To-night Mr. 
 Sheply told me that he heard for certain at Dover that Mr. 
 Edw. Montagu did go beyond sea when he was here first 
 the other day, and I am at to believe that he went to speak 
 with the King. This day one told me how that at the elec- 
 tion at Cambridge for knights of the shire, Wendby ■" and 
 Thornton ^ by declaring to stand for the Parliament and a 
 King and the settlement of the Church, did carry it against 
 all expectation against Sir Dudley North and Sir Thomas 
 Willis.^ I supped to-night with Mr. Sheply below at the 
 half-deck table, and after that I saw Mr. Pickering whom 
 my Lord brought down to his cabin, and so to bed. 
 
 2 1 St. This day dined Sir John Boys * and some other gen- 
 tlemen formerly great Cavaliers, and among the rest one Mr. 
 Norwood,^ for whom my Lord gave a convoy to carry him 
 to the Brill,* but he is certainly going to the King. For 
 my Lord commanded me that I should not enter his name 
 in my book. My Lord do show them and that sort of peo- 
 ple great civility. All their discourse and others are of the 
 King's coming, and we begin to speak of it very freely. 
 And heard how in many churches in London, and upon 
 many signs there, and upon merchants' ships in the river 
 they had set up the King's arms. In the afternoon the 
 Captain would by all means have me up to his cabin, 
 and there treated me huge nobly, giving me a barrel of 
 pickled oysters, and opened another for me, and a bottle 
 of wine, which was a very great favour. At night late sing- 
 ing with W. Howe, and under the barber's hands in the 
 
 ^ Thomas Wendy of Haselingfield. 
 
 2 Isaac Thornton of Smallwell. 
 
 ^ He had represented Cambridgeshire in the preceding Parliament. 
 
 * Of Bonnington and Sandwich, Gentleman of the Privy-Chamber to 
 Charles I. He defended Donnington Castle, Berkshire, for the King 
 against Jeremiah Horton, 1644, 3"<i received an augmentation to his 
 arms in consequence. See p. 102. 
 
 * A Major Norwood had been Governor of Dunkirk; and a person 
 of the same name occurs as one of the esquires of the body at the Coro- 
 nation of Charles II. Richard Norwood of Danes Court, in the Isle of 
 Thanet, see December ist, 1662. — B. 
 
 ^ Brielle, or Den Briel, a seaport town in the province of South Hol- 
 land. 
 
108 DIARY OF April 21-25 
 
 coach. This night there came one with a letter from Mr. 
 Edw. Montagu to my Lord, with command to deliver it to 
 his own hands. I do believe that he do carry some close 
 business on for the King.^ This day I had a large letter 
 from Mr. Moore, giving me an account of the present dis- 
 pute at London that is like to be at the beginning of the 
 Parliament, about the House of Lords, who do resolve to 
 sit with the Commons, as not thinking themselves dissolved 
 yet. Which, whether it be granted or no, or whether they 
 will sit or no, it will bring a great many inconveniences. 
 His letter I keep, it being a very well writ one. 
 
 2 2d (Easter Sunday). Several Londoners, strangers, 
 friends of the Captains, dined here, who, among other 
 things told us, how the King's Arms are every day set up in 
 houses and churches, particularly in AUhallows Church in 
 Thames- street,^ John Simpson's church, which being pri- 
 vately done was a great eye-sore to his people when they 
 came to church and saw it. Also they told us for certain, 
 that the King's statue is making by the Mercers' Company 
 (who are bound to do it)' to set up in the Exchange. After 
 sermon in the afternoon I fell to writing letters against to- 
 morrow to send to London. After supper to bed. 
 
 23rd. All the morning very busy getting my packet ready 
 for London, only for an hour or two had the Captain and 
 Mr. Sheply in my cabin at the barrel of pickled oysters that 
 the Captain did give me on Saturday last. After dinner I 
 sent Mr. Dunn to London with the packet. This afternoon 
 I had 40^. given me by Captain Cowes of the Paradox.* In 
 the evening the first time that we had any sport among the 
 seamen, and indeed there was extraordinary good sport after 
 my Lord had done playing at ninepins. After that W. 
 Howe and I went to play two trebles in the great cabin 
 
 1 Pepys's guess at E. Montagu's business is confirmed by Clarendon's 
 account of his employment of him to negotiate with Lord Sandwich on 
 behalf of the King. (" History of the Rebellion," book xvi.) — Notes 
 and Queries, vol. x. p. 3. — M. B. 
 
 2 AUhallows the Great, u church in Upper Thames Street. The old 
 church destroyed in the Great Fire was also known as " AUhallows in 
 the Ropery." 
 
 ^ As trustees for Sir Thomas Gresham, the founder of the Royal 
 Exchange. 
 
 * The " Paradox " was a sixth-rate of twelve guns. 
 
l66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 109 
 
 below, which my Lord hearing, after supper he called for 
 our instruments, and played a set of Lock's, two trebles, 
 and a base, and that being done, he fell to singing of a song 
 made upon the Rump, with which he played himself well, 
 to the tune of "The Blacksmith." ^ After all that done, 
 then to bed. 
 
 24th. This morning I had Mr. Luellin and Mr. Sheply 
 to the remainder of my oysters that were left yesterday. 
 After that very busy all the morning. While I was at dinner 
 with my Lord, the Coxon of the Vice-Admiral came for me 
 to the Vice-Admiral to dinner. So I told my Lord and he 
 gave me leave to go. I rose therefore from table and went, 
 where there was very many commanders, and very pleasant 
 we were on board the London,^ which hath a state-room 
 much bigger than the Nazeby, but not so rich. After that, 
 with the Captain on board our own ship, where we were 
 saluted with the news of Lambert's being taken, which 
 news was brought to London on Sunday last. He was taken 
 in Northamptonshire by Colonel Ingoldsby,^ at the head of 
 a party, by which means their whole design is broke, and 
 things now very open and safe. And every man begins to 
 be merry and full of hopes. In the afternoon my Lord 
 gave a great large character to write out, so I spent all the 
 day about it, and after supper my Lord and we had some 
 more very good musique and singing of " Turne Amaryllis," 
 as it is printed in the song book, with which my Lord was 
 very much pleased. After that to bed. 
 
 25th. All the morning about my Lord's character. Dined 
 to-day with Captain Clerke on board the Speaker (a very 
 brave ship) where was the Vice-Admiral, Rear-Admiral, 
 
 1 "The Blacksmith" was the same tune as "Green Sleeves." The 
 earliest known copy of " The Praise of the Blacksmith " is in " An 
 Antidote against Melancholy," i65i. See "Roxburghe Ballads," ed. 
 W. Chappell, 1872, vol. ii. p. 126. (Ballad Society.) 
 
 2 The " London " was a second-rate of sixty-four guns, built at 
 Chatham in 1657 by Captain Taylor. 
 
 8 Colonel Richard Ingoldsby had been Governor of Oxford under 
 his kinsman Cromwell. He signed the warrant for the execution of 
 Charles I., but was pardoned for the service here mentioned, and made 
 K.B. at the Coronation of Charles II. He afterwards retired to his 
 seat at Lethenborough, Bucks, and died 1685. He was buried in the 
 church of Hartwell, near Aylesbury. 
 
110 DIARY OF April 25-27 
 
 and many other commanders. After dinner home, not a 
 little contented to see how I am treated, and with what 
 respect made a fellow to the best commanders in the Fleet. 
 All the afternoon finishing of the character, which I did and 
 gave it my Lord, it being very handsomely done and a very 
 good one in itself, but that not truly Alphabetical. Supped 
 with Mr. Sheply, W. Howe, &c. in Mr. Pierce, the Purser's 
 cabin, where very merry, and so to bed. Captain Isham 
 came hither to-day. 
 
 26th. This day came Mr. Donne back from London, 
 who brought letters with him that signify the meeting of the 
 Parliament yesterday. And in the afternoon by other letters 
 I hear, that about twelve of the Lords met and had chosen 
 my Lord of Manchester ^ Speaker of the House of Lords (the 
 young lords that never sat yet, do forbear to sit for the pres- 
 ent) ; and Sir Harbottle Grimstone,^ Speaker for the House 
 of Commons. The House of Lords sent to have a confer- 
 ence with the House of Commons, which, after a little 
 debate, was granted. Dr. Reynolds ' preached before the 
 Commons before they sat. My Lord told me how Sir H. 
 Yelverton* (formerly my school-fellow) was chosen in the 
 first place for Northamptonshire and Mr. Crew in the 
 second. And told me how he did believe that the Cava- 
 liers have now the upper hand clear of the Presbyterians. 
 All the afternoon I was writing of letters, among the rest 
 one to W. Simons, Peter Luellin and Tom Doling, which 
 because it is somewhat merry I keep a copy of. After that 
 done Mr. Sheply, W. Howe and I down with J. Goods into 
 my Lord's storeroom of wine and other drink, where it was 
 very pleasant to observe the massy timbers that the ship is 
 made of. We in the room were wholly under water and yet 
 a deck below that. After that to supper, where Tom Guy 
 supped with us, and we had very good laughing, and after 
 that some musique, where Mr. Pickering beginning to play 
 
 ^ Edward, second Earl of Manchester, whose father, Henry, first earl, 
 had been chosen Speaker of the House of Lords in 1641. 
 
 2 Ancestor of the Earls of Verulam. He was made Master of the 
 Rolls, November following. Born 1594, and died December 31st, 
 1683. 
 
 ^ See ante, February 28th, 1659-60. 
 
 * Of Easton Mauduit, Bart., grandson to the Attorney-General of 
 both his names. Died 1679. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. Ill 
 
 a bass part upon the viall did it so like a fool that I was 
 ashamed of him. After that to bed. 
 
 2 7 th. This morning Burr was absent again from on board, 
 which I was troubled at, and spoke to Mr. Pierce, Purser, 
 to speak to him of it, and it is my mind. This morning 
 Pirn [the tailor] spent in my cabin, putting a great many 
 ribbons to a suit. After dinner in the afternoon came on 
 board Sir Thomas Hatton ^ and Sir R. Maleverer ^ going for 
 Flushing; but all the world know that they go where the 
 rest of the many gentlemen go that every day flock to the 
 King at Breda. ^ They supped here, and my Lord treated 
 them as he do the rest that go thither, with a great deal of 
 civility. While we were at supper a packet came, wherein 
 much news from several friends. The chief is that, that I 
 had from Mr. Moore, viz. that he fears the Cavaliers in the 
 House will be so high, that the others will be forced to leave 
 the House and fall in with General Monk, and so offer 
 things to the King so high on the Presbyterian account that 
 he may refuse, and so they will endeavour some more mis- 
 chief; but when I told my Lord it, he shook his head and 
 told me, that the Presbyterians are deceived, for the Gen- 
 eral is certainly for the King's interest, and so they will not 
 be able to prevail that way with him. After supper the 
 two knights went on board the Grantham, that is to convey 
 them to Flushing. I am informed that the Exchequer is 
 now so low, that there is not ^20 there, to give the mes- 
 senger that brought the news of Lambert's being taken; 
 which story is very strange that he should lose his reputa- 
 tion of being a man of courage now at one blow, for that 
 he was not able to fight one stroke, but desired of Colonel 
 Ingoldsby several times for God's sake to let him escape. 
 Late reading my letters, my mind being much troubled to 
 think that, after all our hopes, we should have any cause to 
 fear any more disappointments therein. To bed. This day 
 I made even with Mr. Creed, by sending him my bill and 
 he me my money by Burr, whom I sent for it. 
 
 1 Of Long Stanton, co. Cambridge, Bart. 
 
 2 Of AUerton Maleverer, Yorkshire, Bart. 
 
 s The King arrived at Breda on the 14th April. Sir W. Lower writes 
 (" Voiage and Residence of Charles II. in Holland," p. 5) : " Many con- 
 siderations obliged him to depart the territories under the obedience of 
 the King of Spain in this conjuncture of affairs." 
 
112 DIARY OF April 28-May i 
 
 28th. This morning sending a packet by Mr. Dunne to 
 London. In the afternoon I played at ninepins with Mr. 
 Pickering, I and Mr. Pett' against him and Ned Osgood, 
 and won a crown apiece of him. He had not money enough 
 to pay me. After supper my Lord exceeding merry, and 
 he and I and W. Howe to sing, and so to bed. 
 
 29th (Sunday). This day I put on first my fine cloth 
 suit made of a cloak that had like to have been [dirted] a 
 year ago, the very day that I put it on. After sermon in the 
 morning Mr. Cook came from London with a packet, bring- 
 ing news how all the young lords that were not in arms 
 against the Parliament do now sit. That a letter is come 
 from the King to the House, which is locked up by the 
 Council 'till next Tuesday that it may be read in the open 
 House when they meet again, they having adjourned till 
 then to keep a fast to-morrow. And so the contents is not 
 yet known. ;£i3,ooo of the ^20,000 given to General 
 Monk is paid out of the Exchequer, he giving ;Q\2 among 
 the teller clerks of Exchequer. My Lord called me into 
 the great cabin below, where I opened my letters and he 
 told me that the Presbyterians are quite mastered by the 
 Cavaliers, and that he fears Mr. Crew did go a little too far 
 the other day in keeping out the young lords from sitting. 
 That he do expect that the King should be brought over 
 suddenly, without staying to make any terms at all, saying 
 that the Presbyterians did intend to have brought him in 
 with such conditions as if he had been in chains. But he 
 shook his shoulders when he told me how Monk had 
 betrayed him, for it was he that did put them upon standing 
 to put out the lords and other members that came not within 
 the qualifications, which he [Montagu] did not like, but 
 however he [Monk] had done his business, though it be 
 with some kind of baseness. After dinner I walked a great 
 while upon the deck with the chyrurgeon and purser, and 
 other officers of the ship, and they all pray for the King's 
 coming, which I pray God send. 
 
 30th. All the morning getting instructions ready for the 
 Squadron of ships that are going to-day to the Streights, 
 among others Captain Teddiman, Curtis, and Captain 
 
 1 As there were several of this name it is impossible to say which 
 Mr. Pett is meant. 
 
»66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 113 
 
 Robert Blake to be commander of the whole Squadron. 
 After dinner to ninepins, W. Howe and I against Mr. Creed 
 and the Captain. We lost 5^-. apiece to them. After that 
 W. Howe, Mr. Sheply and I got my Lord's leave to go to 
 see Captain Sparling.^ So we took boat and first went on 
 shore, it being very pleasant in the fields ; but a very pitiful 
 town Deal is. We went to Fuller's (the famous place for 
 ale), but they have none but what was in the vat. After 
 that to Poole's, a tavern in the town, where we drank, and 
 so to boat again, and went to the Assistance, where we were 
 treated very civilly by the Captain, and he did give us such 
 music upon the harp by a fellow that he keeps on board that 
 I never expect to hear the like again, yet he is a drunken 
 simple fellow to look on as any I ever saw. After that on 
 board the Nazeby, where we found my Lord at supper, so I 
 sat down and very pleasant my Lord was with Mr. Creed 
 and Sheply, who he puzzled about finding out the meaning 
 of the three notes which my Lord had cut over the chrystal 
 of his watch. After supper some musique. Then Mr. 
 Sheply, W. Howe and I up to the Lieutenant's cabin, where 
 we drank, and I and W. Howe were very merry, and among 
 other frolics he pulls out the spigot of the little vessel of ale 
 that was therein the cabin and drew some into his moun- 
 teere, and after he had drank, I endeavouring to dash it in 
 his face, he got my velvet studying cap and drew some into 
 mine too, that we made ourselves a great deal of mirth, but 
 spoiled my clothes with the ale that we dashed up and down. 
 After that to bed very late with drink enough in my head. 
 
 May I St. This morning, I was told how the people of 
 Deal have set up two or three Maypoles, and have hung up 
 their flags upon the top of them, and do resolve to be very 
 merry to-day. It being a very pleasant day, I wished my- 
 self in Hide Park.^ This day I do count myself to have 
 had full two years of perfect cure for the stone, for which 
 God of heaven be blessed. This day Captain Parker came 
 
 1 Captain Thomas Sparling, of the " Assistance." 
 
 ^ In 1656 was published "The Yellow Book, or a serious letter sent 
 by a private Christian to the Lady Consideration the first of May 1656, 
 which she is desired to communicate in Hide Park to the Gallants of 
 the Times a little after sunset. Also a brief account of the names of 
 lome vain persons that intend to be there." 
 
114 DIARY OF May 1-2 
 
 on board, and without his expectation I had a commission 
 for him for the Nonsuch ^ frigate (he being now in the 
 Cheriton), for which he gave me a French pistole. Cap- 
 tain H. Cuttance ^ has commission for the Cheriton. After 
 dinner to nine-pins, and won something. The rest of the 
 afternoon in my cabin writing and piping. While we were 
 at supper we heard a great noise upon the Quarter Deck, so 
 we all rose instantly, and found it was to save the coxon of 
 the Cheriton, who, dropping overboard, could not be saved, 
 but was drowned. To-day I put on my suit that was altered 
 from the great skirts to little ones. To-day I hear they were 
 very merry at Deal, setting up the King's flag upon one of 
 their maypoles, and drinking his health upon their knees 
 in the streets, and firing the guns, which the soldiers of the 
 Castle threatened, but durst not oppose. 
 
 2nd. In the morning at a breakfast of radishes at the 
 Purser's cabin. After that to writing till dinner. At which 
 time comes Dunne from London, with letters that tell us 
 the welcome news of the Parliament's votes yesterday, 
 which will be remembered for the happiest May-day that 
 hath been many a year to England. The King's letter was 
 read in the House, wherein he submits himself and all 
 things to them, as to an Act of Oblivion ^ to all, unless they 
 shall please to except any, as to the confirming of the sales 
 of the King's and Church lands, if they see good. The 
 House upon reading the letter, ordered ;£5 0,000 to be 
 forthwith provided to send to His Majesty for his present 
 supply; and a committee chosen to return an answer of 
 
 ^ The " Nonsuch " was a fourth-rate of thirty-two guns, built at 
 Deptford in 1646 by Peter Pett, jun. The captain was John Parker. 
 
 " Captain Henry Cuttance, of the " Cheriton," afterwards the " Speed- 
 well." 
 
 3 " His Majesty added thereunto an excellent Declaration for the 
 safety and repose of those, who tortured in their consciences, for hav- 
 ing partaken in the rebellion, might fear the punishment of it, and in 
 that fear might oppose the tranquillity of the Estate, and the calling in 
 of their lawful Prince. It is printed and published as well as the letter, 
 but that shall not hinder me to say, that there was never seen a more 
 perfect assemblage of all the most excellent natural qualities, and of 
 all the vertues, as well Royal as Christian, wherewith a great Prince 
 may be endowed, than was found in those two wonderful productions." 
 — Sir William Lower's Relation . . . o/tke Voiage and Residence which 
 . . . Charles the II. hath made in Holland, Hague, 1660, folio, p, 3. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. US 
 
 thanks to His Majesty for his gracious letter; and that the 
 letter be kept among the records of the Parliament; and in 
 all this not so much as one No. So that Luke Robinson ' 
 himself stood up and made a recantation for what he had 
 done, and promises to be a loyal subject to his Prince for 
 the time to come. The City of London have put out a Dec- 
 laration, wherein they do disclaim their owing any other 
 government but that of a King, Lords, and Commons. 
 Thanks was given by the House to Sir John Greenville,^ 
 one of the bedchamber to the King, who brought the letter, 
 and they continued bare all the time it was reading. Upon 
 notice made from the Lords to the Commons, of their 
 desire that the Commons would join with them in their 
 vote for King, Lords, and Commons; the Commons did 
 concur and voted that all books whatever that are out 
 against the Government of King, Lords, and Commons, 
 should be brought into the House and burned. Great joy 
 all yesterday at London, and at night more bonfires than 
 ever, and ringing of bells, and drinking of the King's health 
 upon their knees in the streets, which methinks is a little 
 too much. But every body seems to be very joyfull in the 
 business, insomuch that our sea-commanders now begin to 
 say so too, which a week ago they would not do.* And 
 our seamen, as many as had money or credit for drink, did 
 do nothing else this evening. This day came Mr. North * 
 (Sir Dudley North's son) on board, to spend a little time 
 here, which my Lord was a little troubled at, but he seems 
 to be a fine gentleman, and at night did play his part ex- 
 
 1 Of Pickering Lyth, in Yorkshire, M.P. for Scarborough; discharged 
 from sitting in the House of Commons, July 2ist, 1660. 
 
 2 Created Earl of Bath, 1661; son of Sir Bevil Grenville, killed at 
 the battle of Lansdowne ; he was, when a boy, left for dead on the field 
 at the second battle of Newbury, and said to have been the only person 
 entrusted by Charles II. and Monk in bringing about the Restoration. 
 
 ' "The picture of King Charles II. was often set up in houses, with- 
 out the least molestation, whereas a while ago, it was almost a hanging 
 matter so to do; but now the Rump Parliament was so hated and jeered 
 at, that the butchers' boys would say, Will you buy any Parliament 
 rumps and kidneys ? ' And it was a very ordinary thing to see little 
 children make a fire in the streets, and burn rumps." — Rugge's 
 Diurnal. — B. 
 
 * Charles, eldest son of Dudley, afterwards fourth Lord North. On 
 the death of his father in 1677 he became fifth Lord North. 
 
116 DIARY OF May 2-3 
 
 ceeding well at first sight. After musique I went up to the 
 Captain's Cabin with him and Lieutenant Ferrers, who came 
 hither to-day from London to bring this news to my Lord, 
 and after a bottle of wine we all to bed. 
 
 3d. This morning my Lord showed me the King's decla- 
 ration and his letter to the two Generals to be communi- 
 cated to the fleet. ^ The contents of the letter are his 
 offer of grace to all that will come in within forty days, 
 only excepting them that the Parliament shall hereafter 
 except. That the sales of lands during these troubles, and 
 all other things, shall be left to the Parliament, by which 
 he will stand. The letter dated at Breda, April y*j 1660, 
 in the 12th year of his reign. Upon the receipt of it this 
 morning by an express, Mr. Phillips, one of the messengers 
 of the Council from General Monk, my Lord summoned a 
 council of war, and in the mean time did dictate to me 
 how he would have the vote ordered which he would have 
 pass this council. Which done, the Commanders all came 
 on board, and the council sat in the coach (the first council 
 of war that had been in my time), where I read the letter 
 and declaration; and while they were discoursing upon it, 
 I seemed to draw up a vote, which being offered, they 
 passed. Not one man seemed to say no to it, though I am 
 confident many in their hearts were against it. After this 
 was done, I went up to the quarter-deck with my Lord and 
 the Commanders, and there read both the papers and the 
 vote; which done, and demanding their opinion, the seamen 
 did all of them cry out, " God bless King Charles ! " with 
 the greatest joy imaginable. That being done. Sir R. 
 Stayner, who had invited us yesterday, took all the Com- 
 manders and myself on board him to dinner, which not 
 being ready, I went with Captain Hayward to the Plimouth 
 and Essex, ^ and did what I had to do there and returned, 
 
 1 " King Charles II. his Declaration to all his loving Subjects of the 
 Kingdome of England, dated from his Court at Brec^a in Holland /j of 
 April, 1660, and read in Parliament with his Majesties Letter of the 
 same date to his Excellence the Ld. Gen. Monck to be communicated 
 to the Ld. President of the Council of State and to the Officers of the 
 Army under his Command. London, Printed by W. Godbid for John 
 Playford in the Temple, 1660." 4to, pp. 8. 
 
 " John Hayward was captain of the " Plymouth." Thomas Binns 
 commanded the " Essex." 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 117 
 
 where very merry at dinner. After dinner, to the rest of 
 the ships (staid at the Assistance to hear the harper a good 
 while) quite through the fleet. Which was a very brave 
 siglit to visit all the ships, and to be received with the 
 respect and honour that I was on board them all; and much 
 more to see the great joy that I brought to all men; not one 
 through the whole fleet showing the least dislike of the busi- 
 ness. In the evening as I was going on board the Vice- 
 Admiral, the General began to fire his guns, which he did 
 all that he had in the ship, and so did all the rest of the 
 Commanders, which was very gallant, and to hear the 
 bullets go hissing over our heads as we were in the boat. 
 This done and finished my Proclamation, I returned to the 
 Nazeby, where my Lord was much pleased to hear how all 
 the fleet took it in a transport of joy, showed me a private 
 letter of the King's to him, and another from the Duke of 
 York in such familiar style as to their common friend, with 
 all kindness imaginable. And I found by the letters, and 
 so my Lord told me too, that there had been many letters 
 passed between them for a great while, and I perceive un- 
 known to Monk. And among the rest that had carried 
 these letters Sir John Boys is one, and that Mr. Norwood, 
 which had a ship to carry him over the other day, when my 
 Lord would not have me put down his name in the book. 
 The King speaks of his being courted to come to the Hague, 
 but do desire my Lord's advice whither to come to take 
 ship. And the Duke offers to learn the seaman's trade of 
 him, in such familiar words as if Jack Cole and I had writ 
 them. This was very strange to me, that my Lord should 
 carry all things so wisely and prudently as he do, and I was 
 over joyful to see him in so good condition, and he did not 
 a little please himself to tell me how he had provided for 
 himself so great a hold on the King. 
 
 After this to supper, and then to writing of letters till 
 twelve at night, and so up again at three in the morning. 
 My Lord seemed to put great confidence in me, and would 
 take my advice in many things. I perceive his being will- 
 ing to do all the honour in the world to Monk, and to let 
 him have all the honour of doing the business, though he 
 will many times express his thoughts of him to be but a 
 thick-sculled fool. So that I do believe there is some 
 
118 DIARY OF May 3-4 
 
 agreement more than ordinary between the King and my 
 Lord to let Monk carry on the business, for it is he that 
 must do the business, or at least that can hinder it, if he 
 be not flattered and observed. This, my Lord will hint 
 himself sometimes. My Lord, I perceive by the King's 
 letter, had writ to him about his father, Crew,^ and the 
 King did speak well of him; but my Lord tells me, that he 
 is af eard that he hath too much concerned himself with the 
 Presbyterians against the House of Lords, which will do 
 him a great discourtesy. 
 
 4th. I wrote this morning many letters, and to all the 
 copies of the vote of the council of war I put my name, 
 that if it should come in print my name may be at it. I 
 sent a copy of the vote to Doling, incjosed in this 
 letter: — 
 
 "Sir, 
 
 " He that can fancy a fleet (like ours) in her pride, with 
 pendants loose, guns roaring, caps flying, and the loud 
 'Vive le Roys,' echoed from one ship's company to an- 
 other, he, and he only, can apprehend the joy this inclosed 
 vote was received with, or the blessing he thought himself 
 possessed of that bore it, and is 
 
 "Your humble servant." 
 
 About nine o'clock I got all my letters done, and sent 
 them by the messenger that came yesterday. This morning 
 came Captain Isham on board with a gentleman going to 
 the King, by whom very cunningly, my Lord tells me, he 
 intends to send an account of this day's and yesterday's 
 actions here, notwithstanding he had writ to the Parliament 
 to have leave of them to send the King the answer of the 
 fleet. Since my writing of the last paragraph, my Lord 
 called me to him to read his letter to the King, to see 
 whether I could find any slips in it or no. And as much 
 of the letter ^ as I can remember, is thus : — 
 
 1 When only seventeen years old, Montagu had married Jemima, 
 daughter of John Crew, created afterwards Baron Crew of Stene. 
 
 ^ See the letter printed in Lister's " Life of Lord Clarendon," vol. ill. 
 p. 404. It is dated 4th May. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 119 
 
 "May it please your Most Excellent Majesty," and so 
 begins. 
 
 "That he yesterday received from General Monk his 
 Majesty's letter and direction; and that General Monk had 
 desired him to write to the Parliament to have leave to send 
 the vote of the seamen before he did send it to him, which 
 he had done by writing to both Speakers; but for his private 
 satisfaction he had sent it thus privately (and so the copy 
 of the proceedings yesterday was sent him), and that this 
 come by a gentleman that came this day on board, intend- 
 ing to wait upon his Majesty, that he is my Lord's coun- 
 tryman, and one whose friends have suffered much on his 
 Majesty's behalf. That my Lords Pembroke^ and Salis- 
 bury ^ are put out of the House of Lords. That my Lord 
 is very joyful that other countries do pay him the civility 
 and respect due to him; and that he do much rejoice to 
 see that the King do resolve to receive none of their assist- 
 ance (or some such words), from them, he having strength 
 enough in the love and loyalty of his own subjects to support 
 him. That his Majesty had chosen the best place, Schevel- 
 ing,'' for his embarking, and that there is nothing in the 
 world of which he is more ambitious, than to have the hon- 
 our of attending his Majesty, which he hoped would be 
 speedy. That he had commanded the vessel to attend at 
 Helversluce^ till this gentleman returns, that so if his 
 Majesty do not think it fit to command the fleet himself, 
 yet that he may be there to receive his commands and bring 
 them to his Lordship. He ends his letter, that he is con- 
 founded with the thoughts of the high expressions of love 
 to him in the King's letter, and concludes, 
 
 " Your most loyall, dutifull, faithfull and obedient sub- 
 ject and servant, 
 
 "E. M." 
 
 1 Philip, fifth Earl of Pembroke, and second Earl of Montgomery, 
 died 1669. Clarendon says, "This young earl's affections were entire 
 for his Majesty." 
 
 ^ William, second Earl of Salisbury. After Cromwell had put down 
 the House of Peers, he was chosen a member of the House of Com- 
 mons, and sat with them. Died 1 668. 
 
 ' Scheveningen, the port of the Hague. 
 
 * Hellevoetsluis, in South Holland. 
 
120 DIARY OF May 4-7 
 
 The rest of the afternoon at ninepins. In the evening 
 came a packet from London, among the rest a letter from 
 my wife, which tells me that she has not been well, which 
 did exceedingly trouble me, but my Lord sending Mr. Cook 
 at night, I wrote to her and sent a piece of gold enclosed 
 to her, and wrote also to Mrs. Bowyer, and enclosed a half 
 piece to her for a token. After supper at the table in 
 coach, my Lord talking concerning the uncertainty of the 
 places of the Exchequer to them that had them now; he did 
 at last think of an office which do belong to him in case the 
 King do restore every man to his places that ever had been 
 patent, which is to be one of the clerks of the signet, which 
 will be a fine employment for one of his sons. After all 
 this discourse we broke up and to bed. 
 
 In the afternoon came a minister on board, one Mr. 
 Sharpe, who is going to the King; who tells me that Com- 
 missioners are chosen both of Lords and Commons to go to 
 the King; and that Dr. Clarges'' is going to him from the 
 Army, and that he will be here to-morrow. My letters at 
 night tell me, that the House did deliver their letter to Sir 
 John Greenville, in answer to the King's sending, and that 
 they give him ;£5oo for his pains, to buy him a jewel, and 
 that besides the _^s 0,000 ordered to be borrowed of the 
 City for the present use of the King, the twelve companies 
 of the City do give every one of them to his Majesty, as a 
 present, ;^i,ooo. 
 
 Sth. All the morning very busy writing letters to London, 
 and a packet to Mr. Downing, to acquaint him with what 
 had been done lately in the fleet. And this I did by my 
 Lord's command, who, I thank him, did of himself think 
 of doing it, to do me a kindness, for he writ a letter him- 
 self to him, thanking him for his kindness to me. All the 
 afternoon at ninepins, at night after supper good musique, 
 
 ^ Thomas Clarges, physician to the army, created a baronet, 1674, 
 died 1695. He had been previously knighted; his sister Anne married 
 General Monk. " The Farliament also permitted General Monk to send 
 Mr. Clarges, his brother-in-law, accompanied with some officers of the 
 army, to assure his Majesty of the fidelity and obedience of the army, 
 which had made publick and solemn protestations thereof, after the 
 Letter and Declaration was communicated unto them by the General." 
 ■ — Sir William Lower's Relation , . . of the Voiage and Residence 
 which . . Charles the II. hath made in Holland, Hague, 1660, folio. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 121 
 
 my Lord, Mr. North, I and W. Howe. After that to bed. 
 This evening came Dr. Clarges to Deal, going to the King; 
 where the towns-people strewed the streets with herbes 
 against his coming, for joy of his going. Never was there 
 so general a content as there is now. I cannot but remem- 
 ber that our parson did, in his prayer to-night, pray for the 
 long life and happiness of our King and dread Soveraign, 
 that may last as long as the sun and moon endureth. 
 
 6th (Lord's day). This morning while we were at sermon 
 comes in Dr. Clarges and a dozen gentlemen to see my Lord, 
 who, after sermon, dined with him; I remember that last 
 night upon discourse concerning Clarges my Lord told me 
 that he was a man of small eniendimiento.^ This afternoon 
 there was a gentleman with me, an officer of Dunkirk going 
 over, who came to me for an order and told me he was 
 lately with my uncle and Aunt Fenner and that Kate's^ fits 
 of the convulsions did hold her still. It fell very well 
 to-day, a stranger preached here for Mr. Ibbot, one Mr. 
 Stanley, who prayed for King Charles, by the Grace of God, 
 &c., which gave great contentment to the gentlemen that 
 were on board here, and they said they would talk of it, 
 when they come to Breda, as not having it done yet in Lon- 
 don so publickly. After they were gone from on board, my 
 Lord writ a letter to the King and give it to me to carry 
 privately to Sir William Compton ^ on board the Assistance, 
 which I did, and after a health to his Majesty on board 
 there, I left them under sail for Breda. Back again and 
 found them at sermon. I went up to my cabin and looked 
 over my accounts, and find that, all my debts paid and my 
 preparations to sea paid for, I have ^£40 clear in my purse. 
 After supper to bed. 
 
 7th. This morning Captain Cuttance sent me 12 bottles 
 of Margate ale. Three of them I drank presently with some 
 
 1 Entendimiento, Spanish : the understanding. 
 
 ^ Kate Fenner married Anthony Joyce. 
 
 ^ Third son of Spencer, Earl of Northampton, a Privy Councillor 
 and Master of the Ordnance, ob. 1663, aged 39. When only eighteen 
 years of age, he had charged with his gallant father at the battle of 
 Edgehill. His mother was first cousin to George Villiers, Duke of 
 Buckingham, and to John Ashburnham; and his great uncle, Sir 
 Thomas Compton, had been the third husband of the Duke's mother, 
 Mary, Countess of Buckingham. — B. 
 
122 DIARY OF May 7-9 
 
 friends in the Coach. My Lord went this morning about 
 the flag-ships in a boat, to see what alterations there must 
 be, as to the arms and flags. He did give me order also to 
 write for silk flags and Scarlett waistcloathes.^ For a rich 
 barge; for a noise of trumpets,^ and a set of fidlers. Very 
 great deal of company come to-day, among others Mr. 
 Bellasses,' Sir Thomas Lenthropp,^ Sir Henry Chichle)', 
 Colonel Philip Honiwood,^ and Captain Titus, ^ the last of 
 whom my Lord showed all our cabins, and I suppose he is 
 to take notice what room there will be for the King's enter- 
 tainment. Here were also all the Jurates of the town of 
 Dover ' come to give my Lord a visit, and after dinner all 
 went away. I could not but observe that the Vice-Admiral 
 after dinner came into the great cabin below, where the 
 Jurates and I and the commanders for want of room dined, 
 and there told us we must drink a health to the King, and 
 himself called for a bottle of wine, and begun his and the 
 Duke of York's. In the afternoon I lost 5^. at ninepins. 
 After supper musique, and to bed. Having also among us 
 at the Coach table wrote a letter to the French ambassador, 
 in French, about the release of a ship we had taken. After 
 I was in bed Mr. Sheply and W. Howe came and sat in my 
 cabin, where I gave them three bottles of Margate ale, and 
 sat laughing and very merry, till almost one o'clock in the 
 morning, and so good night. 
 
 8th. All the morning busy. After dinner come several 
 persons of honour, as my Lord St. John and others, for con- 
 voy to Flushing, and great giving of them salutes. My Lord 
 
 1 Waist-cloths are the painted canvas coverings of the hammocks 
 which are stovi^ed in the waist-nettings. 
 
 ^ A set or company of musicians, an expression constantly used by 
 old writers without any disparaging meaning. It is sometimes applied 
 to voices as well as to instruments. 
 
 8 Henry, eldest son of Lord Bellasis, made K.B. at Charles II.'s 
 coronation. 
 
 * Sir Thomas Leventhorpe, Bart., married Mary, daughter of Sir 
 Capell Bedell, Bart. Died 1671. 
 
 ^ Colonel, afterwards Sir Philip Honywood, son of Robert Hony- 
 wood of Charing, Kent. 
 
 ^ Colonel Silas Titus, Gentleman of the Bedchamber to Charles II., 
 author of " Killing no Murder." 
 
 ' The jurats of the Cinque Ports answered to the aldermen of other 
 towns. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 123 
 
 and we at nine-pins : I lost 9^. While we were at play Mr. 
 Cook brings me word of my wife. He went to Huntsmore 
 to see her, and brought her and my father Bowyer to Lon- 
 don, where he left her at my father's, very well, and speaks 
 very well of her love to me. My letters to-day tell me how 
 it was intended that the King should be proclaimed to-day 
 in London, with a great deal of pomp. I had also news 
 who they are that are chosen of the Lords and Commons to 
 attend the King. And also the whole story of what we did 
 the other day in the fleet, at reading of the King's declara- 
 tion, and my name at the bottom of it. After supper some 
 musique and to bed. I resolving to rise betimes to-mor- 
 row to write letters to London. 
 
 9th. Up very early, writing a letter to the King, as from 
 the two Generals of the fleet, in answer to his letter to them, 
 wherein my Lord do give most humble thanks for his gra- 
 cious letter and declaration; and promises all duty and 
 obedience to him. This letter was carried this morning to 
 Sir Peter Killigrew,^ who came hither this morning early to 
 bring an order from the Lords' House to my Lord, giving 
 him power to write an answer to the King. This morning 
 my Lord St. John and other persons of honour were here to 
 see my Lord, and so away to Flushing. After they were 
 gone my Lord and I to write letters to London, which we 
 sent by Mr. Cook, who was very desirous to go because of 
 seeing my wife before she went out of town. As we were 
 sitting down to dinner, in comes Noble with a letter from 
 the House of Lords to my Lord, to desire him to provide 
 ships to transport the Commissioners to the King, wliich are 
 expected here this week. He brought us certain news that 
 the King was proclaimed yesterday with great pomp, and 
 brought down one of the Proclamations, with great joy to 
 us all ; for which God be praised. After dinner to ninepins 
 and lost 5^. This morning came Mr. Saunderson,^ that 
 
 1 Sir Peter Killigrew, Knight, of Arwenack, Cornwall, was known as 
 " Peter the Post," from the alacrity with which he despatched " like 
 wild fire " all the messages and other commissions entrusted to him in 
 the King's cause. His son Peter, who succeeded his uncle as second 
 baronet in 1665, was M.P. for Camelford in 1660. 
 
 ^ Afterwards Sir William Sanderson, gentleman of the chamber, 
 author of the " History of Mary Queen of Scots, James I., and Charles 
 I." His wife, Dame Bridget, was mother of the maids. 
 
124 DIARY OF May 9-1 1 
 
 writ the story of the King, hither, who is going over to the 
 King. He calls me cozen and seems a very knowing man. 
 After supper to bed betimes, leaving my Lord talking in 
 the Coach with the Captain. 
 
 loth. This morning came on board Mr. Pinkney and his 
 son, going to the King with a petition finely writ by Mr. 
 Whore, for to be the King's embroiderer; for whom and 
 Mr. Saunderson I got a ship. This morning come my Lord 
 Winchelsea ^ and a great deal of company, and dined here. 
 In the afternoon, while my Lord and we were at musique 
 in the great cabin below, comes in a messenger to tell us 
 that Mr. Edward Montagu,^ my Lord's son, was come to 
 Deal, who afterwards came on board with Mr. Pickering 
 with him. The child was sick in the evening. At night, 
 while my Lord was at supper, in comes my Lord Lauder- 
 dale ^ and Sir John Greenville, who supped here, and so 
 went away. After they were gone, my Lord called me into 
 his cabin, and told me how he was commanded to set sail 
 presently for the King,* and was very glad thereof, and so 
 put me to writing of letters and other work that night till 
 it was very late, he going to bed. I got him afterwards to 
 sign things in bed. After I had done some more work I to 
 bed also. 
 
 I ith. Up very early in the morning, and so about a great 
 deal of business in order to our going hence to-day. Burr 
 going on shore last night made me very angry. So that I 
 sent for Mr. Pitts ^ to come to me from the Vice-Admiral's, 
 intending not to have employed Burr any more. But Burr 
 
 1 Heneage Finch, second Earl of Winchelsea, constituted by General 
 Monk Governor of Dover Castle, July, 1660; made Lord Lieutenant of 
 Kent, and afterwards ambassador to Turkey. Died 1689. 
 
 2 Sir Edward Montagu's eldest son, afterwards second Earl of Sand- 
 wich, called by Pepys " The Child." 
 
 ' John Maitland, second Earl, and afterwards created Marquis of 
 March, Duke of Lauderdale, and Earl of Guilford (in England), and 
 K.G. He became sole Secretary of State for Scotland in i66l, and 
 was a Gentleman of his Majesty's Bedchamber, and died in 1682, s.p. 
 — B. 
 
 * " Ordered that General Montagu do observe the command of His 
 Majesty for the disposing of the fleet, in order to His Majesty's return- 
 ing home to England to his kingly government: and that all pro- 
 ceedings in law be in His Majesty's name." — Rugge's Diurnal. — B. 
 
 '' Mr. Pitts was secretary to Sir J. Lawson, Vice-Admiral. 
 
^/^ /;/ie.f/ii^/it J-{c7imra/^/6 t/M':yhna/?al^ 
 
 " "J/iu 'J^rofi^a erf 1,'%:: S\^t.nj^ Of,c^uAamlrl,y 9ri/cnUd 
 

 'j i-j, rhr /jjrli" 1/ ifr iJfU/i Cfrn 
 
l66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 12S 
 
 by and by coming and desiring humbly that I would forgive 
 him and Pitts not coming I did set him to work. This 
 morning we began to pull down all the State's arms in the 
 fleet, having first sent to Dover for painters and others to 
 come to set up the King's.^ The rest of the morning writ- 
 ing of letters to London which I afterwards sent by Dunne. 
 I had this morning my first opportunity of discoursing with 
 Dr. Clarke,^ whom I found to be a very pretty man and very 
 knowing. He is now going in this ship to the King. There 
 dined here my Lord Crafford ' and my Lord Cavendish,* 
 and other Scotchmen whom I afterwards ordered to be re- 
 ceived on board the Plymouth, and to go along with us. 
 After dinner we set sail from the Downs, I leaving my boy 
 to go to Deal for my linen. In the afternoon overtook us 
 three or four gentlemen; two of the Berties,* and one Mr. 
 Dormerhoy,^ a Scotch gentleman, whom I afterwards found 
 
 1 "Die Mercurii 9 Maii 1660. Ordered by the Lords and Commons 
 in Parliament assembled that the armes of this Common-wealth where- 
 ever they are standing be forthwith taken down, and that the Kings 
 Majesties armes be set up in stead thereof." 
 
 " Timothy Clarke, M.D., one of the original Fellows of the Royal 
 Society. He was appointed one of the physicians in ordinary to 
 Charles II. on the death of Dr. Quartermaine in 1667. 
 
 ' John, fourteenth Earl of Crauford, restored in i65i to the office of 
 High Treasurer of Scotland, which he had held eight years under 
 Charles I. — B. 
 
 * William, Lord Cavendish, afterwards fourth Earl and first Duke of 
 Devonshire. 
 
 ^ Robert and Edward Bertie, two of the surviving sons of Robert, 
 first Earl of Lindsay, killed at Edgehill. Their mother was Elizabeth, 
 only child of Edward, first Lord Montagu of Boughton; they were, 
 therefore, nearly connected with Sir E. Montagu, and with Pepys, in 
 some degree. — B. 
 
 " Probably Thomas Dalmahoy, who had married the Duchess Dowa- 
 ger of Hamilton : see {infra) Speaker Onslow's note to Burnet. The 
 husband of the loyal Duchess would be naturally one of the first to 
 welcome the King; and Onslow says he was in the interest of the 
 Duke of York : — " Lord Middleton retired, after his disgrace, to the 
 Friary, near Guildford, to one Dalmahoy there, a genteel, generous 
 man, who was of Scotland : had been Gentleman of the Horse to 
 William Duke of Hamilton (killed at the battle of Worcester) ; married 
 that Duke's widow; and by her had this house, &c. This man, Dal- 
 mahoy, being much in the interest of the Duke of York, and a man to 
 be relied upon, and long a candidate for the town of Guildford, at the 
 election of the Parliament after the Long one, in 1678, and being 
 opposed, I think, by the famous Algernon Sidney, the Duke of York 
 
126 DIARY OF May 11-13 
 
 to be a very fine man, who, telling my Lord that they heard 
 the Commissioners were come out of London to-day, my 
 Lord dropt anchor over against Dover Castle (which give 
 us about thirty guns in passing), and upon a high debate 
 with the Vice and Rear-Admiral whether it were safe to go 
 and not stay for the Commissioners, he did resolve to send 
 Sir R. Stayner to Dover, to enquire of my Lord Winchelsea, 
 whether or no they are come out of London, and then to 
 resolve to-morrow morning of going or not; which was done. 
 It blew very hard all this night that I was afeard of my boy. 
 About II at night came the boats from Deal, with great 
 store of provisions, by the same token John Goods told me 
 that above 20 of the fowls are smothered, but my boy was 
 put on board the Northwich. To bed. 
 
 1 2th. This morning I inquired for my boy, whether he 
 was come well or no, and it was told me that he was well in 
 bed. My Lord called me to his chamber, he being in bed, 
 and gave me many orders to make for direction for the ships 
 that are left in the Downs, giving them the greatest charge 
 in the world to bring no passengers with them, when they 
 come after us to Scheveling Bay, excepting Mr. Edward 
 Montagu, Mr. Thomas Crew, and Sir H. Wright. Sir R. Stay- 
 ner hath been here early in the morning and told my Lord, 
 that my Lord Winchelsea understands by letters, that the 
 Commissioners are only to come to Dover to attend the com- 
 ing over of the King. So my Lord did give order for weigh- 
 ing anchor, which we did, and sailed all day. In our way in 
 the morning, coming in the midway between Dover and 
 Calais, we could see both places very easily, and very pleas- 
 ant it was to me that the further we went the more we lost 
 sight of both lands. In the afternoon at cards with Mr. 
 North and the Doctor.^ There by us, in the Lark frigate,^ 
 Sir R. Freeman and some others, going from the King to 
 England, come to see my Lord and so onward on their 
 voyage. In the afternoon upon the quarter-deck the Doctor 
 
 came from Windsor to Dalmahoy's house, to countenance his election, 
 and appeared for him in the open court, when the election was taken." 
 — Note to Burnet's O. T., vol. i. p. 350. 
 
 1 Dr. Timothy Clarke; see note on the previous day. 
 
 2 The " Lark " carried ten guns and forty men. Its captain was 
 Thomas Levidge. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 127 
 
 told Mr. North and me an admirable story called "The 
 Fruitless Precaution," an exceeding pretty story and worthy 
 my getting without book when I can get the book. This 
 evening came Mr. Sheply on board, whom we had left at 
 Deal and Dover getting of provision and borrowing of 
 money. In the evening late, after discoursing with the 
 Doctor, &c., to bed. 
 
 13th (Lord's day). Trimmed in the morning, after that 
 to the cook's room with Mr. Sheply, the first time that I was 
 there this voyage. Then to the quarter-deck, upon which 
 the tailors and painters were at work, cutting out some 
 pieces of yellow cloth into the fashion of a crown and C. R. 
 and put it upon a fine sheet, and that into the flag instead 
 of the State's arms, which after dinner was finished and set 
 up after it had been shewn to my Lord, who took physic 
 to-day and was in his chamber, and liked it so well as to 
 bid me give the tailors 20s. among them for doing of it. 
 This morn Sir J. Boys and Capt. Isham met us in the Non- 
 such, the first of whom, after a word or two with my Lord, 
 went forward, the other staid. I heard by them how Mr. 
 Downing had never made any address to the King, and for 
 that was hated exceedingly by the Court, and that he was in 
 a Dutch ship which sailed by us, then going to England with 
 disgrace. Also how Mr, Morland^ was knighted by the 
 
 ^ Samuel Morland, son of the Rev. Thomas Morland, of Sulhamstead 
 Banister, near Reading, Berks, was born about 1625. He was educated 
 at Winchester School, whence he removed to Magdalene College, Cam- 
 bridge; admitted to a scholarship, July 8th, 1645; to a quinquennial 
 fellowship, November 30th, 1 649 ; and to a foundation fellowship, Sep- 
 tember 24th, 1651. One of the fellows who signed Pepys's admission 
 entry, October ist, 1650. He became afterwards one of Thurloe's 
 under-secretaries, and was employed in several embassies, particularly 
 to the Vaudois, by Cromwell, whose interests he betrayed, by secretly 
 communicating with Charles II. He published in 1658, in a folio vol- 
 ume, his " History of the Evangelical Churches of the Valleys of Pie- 
 mont." He was knighted at Breda, and afterwards created a baronet. 
 He was an ingenious mechanic, and made some improvements in the 
 steam engine. At the Restoration he was made Master of Mechanics 
 to Charles II., who presented him with a medal as an "honourable 
 badge of his signal loyalty." He subsequently received a pension oi 
 ;^40o, but he sold it for ready money. He died December 30th, 1695, 
 and was buried in Hammersmith church on the 6th of the following 
 January. His MSS. are at Cambridge, in the Public Library. 
 
 " We think to relate here, as a thing most remarkable that the same 
 
128 DIARY OF May 13-14 
 
 King this week, and that the King did give the reason of it 
 openly, that it was for his giving him intelligence all the 
 time he was clerk to Secretary Thurloe. In the afternoon 
 a council of war, only to acquaint them that the Harp must 
 be taken out of all their flags, ^ it being very offensive to 
 the King. Mr. Cook, who came after us in the Yarmouth, 
 bringing me a letter from my wife and a Latin letter from 
 my brother John, with both of which I was exceedingly 
 pleased. No sermon all day, we being under sail, only at 
 night prayers, wherein Mr. Ibbott prayed for all that were 
 related to us in a spiritual and fleshly way. We came 
 within sight of Middle's shore. Late at night we writ 
 letters to the King of the news of our coming, and Mr. 
 Edward Pickering carried them. Capt. Isham went on 
 shore, nobody showing of him any respect; so the old man 
 very fairly took leave of my Lord, and my Lord very coldly 
 bid him "God be with you," which was very strange, but 
 that I hear that he keeps a great deal of prating and talking 
 on shore, on board, at the King's Courts, what command 
 he had with my Lord, &c. After letters were gone then to 
 bed. 
 
 14th. In the morning when I woke and rose, I saw myself 
 out of the scuttle close by the shore, which afterwards I was 
 told to be the Dutch shore; the Hague was clearly to be 
 seen by us. My Lord went up in his nightgown into the 
 
 day Mr. Moorland, Chief Commissioner under Mr. Thurlo, who was 
 Secretary of Estate under Oliver Cromwell, his chief and most confident 
 minister of his tyranny, arrived at Breda, where he brought divers letters 
 and notes of most great importance, forasmuch as the King discovered 
 there a part of the intricate plots of the interreign, and likewise the 
 perfidiousness of some of those who owed him, without doubt, the 
 greatest fidelity of the world. The King received him perfectly well, 
 made him knight, and rendered him this publick testimony, that he had 
 received most considerable services from him for some years past." — 
 Sir William Lower's Relation . . of the Voiage and Residence which 
 . . . Charles the II. hath made in Holland^ Hague, 1660, folio. 
 
 ^ In May, 1658, the old Union Jack (being the crosses of St. George 
 and St. Andrew combined) was revived, with the Irish harp over the 
 centre of the flag. This harp was taken off at the Restoration. (See 
 "The National Flags of the Commonwealth," by H. W. Henfrey, 
 " Journ. Brit. Arch. Assoc," vol. xxxi. p. 54.) The sign of the " Com- 
 monwealth Arms " was an uncommon one, but a token of one exists — 
 " Francis Wood at ye Commonwealth arms in Mary Maudlens " [St. 
 Mary Magdalen, Old Fish Street]. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 129 
 
 cuddy/ to see how to dispose thereof for himself and us 
 that belong to him, to give order for our removal to-day. 
 Some nasty Dutchmen came on board to proffer their boats 
 to carry things from us on shore, &c., to get money by us. 
 Before noon some gentlemen came on board from the shore 
 to kiss my Lord's hands. And by and by Mr. North and 
 Dr. Gierke went to kiss the Queen of Bohemia's '^ hands, 
 from my Lord, with twelve attendants from on board to 
 wait on them, among which I sent my boy, who, like my- 
 self, is with child to see any strange thing. After noon 
 they came back again after having kissed the Queen of 
 Bohemia's hand, and were sent again by my Lord to do the 
 same to the Prince of Orange.^ So I got the Captain to 
 ask leave for me to go, which my Lord did give, and I tak- 
 ing my boy and Judge Advocate * with me, went in company 
 with them. The weather bad; we were sadly washed when 
 we came near the shore, it being very hard to land there. 
 The shore is, as all the country between that and the Hague, 
 all sand. The rest of the company got a coach by them- 
 selves; Mr. Creed and I went in the fore part of a coach 
 wherein were two very pretty ladies, very fashionable and 
 with black patches, who very merrily sang all the way and 
 that very well, and were very free to kiss the two blades that 
 were with them. I took out my flageolette and piped, but 
 in piping I dropped my rapier-stick, but when I came to 
 the Hague, and I sent my boy back again for it and he found 
 it, for which I did give him 6d., but some horses had gone 
 over it and broke the scabbard. The Hague is a most neat 
 place in all respects. The houses so neat in all places and 
 things as is possible. Here we walked up and down a 
 great while, the town being now very full of Englishmen, for 
 
 1 " A sort of cabin or cook-room, generally in the fore-part, but 
 sometimes near the stern of lighters and barges of burden." — Smyth's 
 Sailor's Word-Book. 
 
 2 Elizabeth, daughter of James I. and widow of Frederick, Elector 
 Palatine and titular King of Bohemia. She was known as the " Queen 
 of Hearts " and the " White Queen." She is supposed to have married 
 Lord Craven, and died February I2th, 1661-63. 
 
 ' Son of the Prince of Orange and Mary, eldest daughter of Charles 
 I., afterwards William III. He was then in his tenth year, having been 
 born in 1650. 
 
 * Fowler, see ante, March 21st. 
 
130 DIARY OF May 14-15 
 
 ;hat the Londoners were come on shore to-day. But going 
 to see the Prince/ he was gone forth with his governor, and 
 so we walked up and down the town and court to see the 
 place; and by the help of a stranger, an Englishman, we 
 saw a great many places, and were made to understand many 
 things, as the intention of may-poles, which we saw there 
 standing at every great man's door, of different greatness ac- 
 cording to the quality of the person. About 10 at night the 
 Prince comes home, and we found an easy admission. His 
 attendance very inconsiderable as for a prince; but yet 
 handsome, and his tutor a fine man, and himself a very 
 pretty boy. It was bright moonshine to-night. This done 
 we went to a place we had taken to sup in, where a sallet 
 and two or three bones of mutton were provided for a mat- 
 ter of ten of us which was very strange. After supper the 
 Judge and I to another house, leaving them there, and he 
 and I lay in one press bed, there being two more in the 
 same room, but all very neat and handsome, my boy sleep- 
 ing upon a bench by me. 
 
 iSth. We lay till past three o'clock, then up and down 
 the town, to see it by daylight, where we saw the soldiers of 
 the Prince's guard, all very fine, and the burghers of the 
 town with their arms and muskets as bright as silver. And 
 meeting this morning a schoolmaster that spoke good Eng- 
 lish and French, he went along with us and shewed us the 
 whole town, and indeed I cannot speak enough of the gal- 
 lantry of the town. Every body of fashion speaks French 
 or Latin, or both. The women many of them very pretty 
 and in good habits, fashionable and black spots. He went 
 with me to buy a couple of baskets, one of them for Mrs. 
 Pierce, the other for my wife. After he was gone, we hav- 
 ing first drank with him at our lodging, the Judge and I to 
 the Grande Salle where we were shewed the place where the 
 States General sit in council. The hall is a great place, 
 where the flags that they take from their enemies are all 
 hung up; and things to be sold, as in Westminster Hall, 
 and not much unlike it, but that not so big, but much 
 neater. After that to a bookseller's and bought for the love 
 of the binding three books: the French Psalms in four 
 
 1 Prince of Orange, afterwards William III. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 131 
 
 parts, Bacon's Organon, and Farnab. Rhetor. ' After that 
 the Judge, I and my boy by coach to Scheveling again, 
 where we went into a house of entertainment and drank 
 there, the wind being very high, and we saw two boats over- 
 set and the gallant forced to be pulled on shore by the 
 heels, while their trunks, portmanteaus, hats, and feathers, 
 were swimming in the sea. Among others I saw the min- 
 isters that come along with the Commissioners (Mr. Case ^ 
 among the rest) sadly dipped. So they came in where we 
 were, and I being in haste left my Copenhagen knife, and 
 so lost it. Having staid here a great while a gentleman 
 that was going to kiss my Lord's hand, from the Queen of 
 Bohemia, and I hired a Dutch boat for four rixdollars to 
 carry us on board. We were fain to wait a great while 
 before we could get off from the shore, the sea being very 
 rough. The Dutchman would fain have made all pay that 
 came into our boat besides us two and our company, there 
 being many of our ship's company got in who were on 
 shore, but some of them had no money, having spent all 
 on shore. Coming on board we found all the Commis- 
 sioners of the House of Lords at dinner with my Lord, who 
 after dinner went away for shore. Mr. Morland, now Sir 
 Samuel, was here on board, but I do not find that my Lord 
 or any body did give him any respect, he being looked 
 upon by him and all men as a knave. Among others he 
 betrayed Sir Rich. Willis " that married Dr. F. Jones's daugh- 
 
 1 " Index Rhetoricus " of Thomas Farnaby was a book which went 
 through several editions. The first was published at London by R. Allot 
 in 1633. 
 
 2 Thomas Case, born 1 598, was a famous preacher and a zealous 
 advocate for the Solemn League and Covenant, a member of the assem- 
 bly of divines, and rector of St. Giles's-in-the-Fields. He was one of 
 the deputation to Charles II. at Breda, and appointed a royal chaplain. 
 He was ejected by the Act of Uniformity, but remained in London 
 after his ejection. Died May 30th, 1682. 
 
 ' This is somewhat different to the usual account of Morland's con- 
 nection with Sir Richard Willis. In the beginning of 1659 Cromwell, 
 Thurloe, and Willis formed a plot to inveigle Charles II. into England 
 and into the hands of his enemies. The plot was discussed in Thurloe's 
 office, and Morland, who pretended to be asleep, heard it and discov- 
 ered it. Willis sent for Morland, and received him in a cellar. He 
 said that one of them must have discovered the plot. He laid his 
 hand upon the Bible and swore that he had not been the discoverer. 
 
132 DIARY OF May 15-16 
 
 ter, that he had paid him j^iooo at one time by the Pro- 
 tector's and Secretary Thurloe's order, for intelligence that 
 he sent concerning the King. In the afternoon my Lord 
 called me on purpose to show me his fine cloathes which 
 are now come hither, and indeed are very rich as gold and 
 silver can make them, only his sword he and I do not like. 
 In the afternoon my Lord and I walked together in the 
 coach two hours, talking together upon all sorts of dis- 
 course : as religion, wherein he is, I perceive, wholly scep- 
 tical, as well as I, saying, that indeed the Protestants as to 
 the Church of Rome are wholly fanatiques : he likes uni- 
 formity and form of prayer; about State-business, among 
 other things he told me that his conversion to the King's 
 cause (for so I was saying that I wondered from what time 
 the King could look upon him to become his friend), com- 
 menced from his being in the Sound, when he found what 
 usage he was likely to have from a Commonwealth. My 
 Lord, the Captain, and I supped in my Lord's chamber, 
 where I did perceive that he did begin to show me much 
 more respect than ever he did yet. After supper, my Lord 
 sent for me, intending to have me play at cards with him, 
 but I not knowing cribbage, we fell into discourse of many 
 things, till it was so rough sea and the ship rolled so much 
 that I was not able to stand, and so he bid me go to 
 bed. 
 
 1 6th. Soon as I was up I went down to be trimmed below 
 in the great cabin, but then come in some with visits, among 
 the rest one from Admiral Opdam,^ who spoke Latin well, 
 but not French nor English, to whom my Lord made me to 
 give his answer and to entertain ; he brought my Lord a 
 
 calling upon Morland to do the same. Morland, with presence of 
 mind, said he was ready to do so if Willis would give him a reason why 
 he should suspect him. By this ready answer he is said to have escaped 
 the ordeal (see Birch's " Life of Thurloe "). 
 
 1 The admiral celebrated in Lord Dorset's ballad, " To all you ladies 
 now at land." 
 
 " Should foggy Opdam chance to know 
 
 Our sad and dismal story; 
 The Dutch would scorn so weak a foe. 
 
 And quit their fort at Goree : 
 For what resistance can they 6nd 
 From men who've left their hearts behind?" — B. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 133 
 
 tierce of wine and a barrel of butter, as a present from the 
 Admiral. After that to finish my trimming, and while I 
 was doing of it in comes Mr. North very sea-sick from 
 shore, and to bed he goes. After that to dinner, where 
 Commissioner Pett ' was come to take care to get all things 
 ready for the King on board. My Lord in his best suit, 
 this the first day, in expectation to wait upon the King. 
 But Mr. Edw. Pickering coming from the King brought word 
 that the King would not put my Lord to the trouble of com- 
 ing to him ; but that he would come to the shore to look 
 upon the fleet to-day, which we expected, and had our guns 
 ready to fire, and our scarlet waistcloathes out and silk 
 pendants, but he did not come. My Lord and we at nine- 
 pins this afternoon upon the Quarter-deck, which was very 
 pretty sport. This evening came Mr. John Pickering '^ on 
 board, like an ass, with his feathers and new suit that he 
 had made at the Hague. My Lord very angry for his stay- 
 ing on shore, bidding me a little before to send to him, 
 telling me that he was afraid that for his father's sake he 
 might have some mischief done him, unless he used the 
 General's name. To supper, and after supper to cards. I 
 stood by and looked on till ii at night and so to bed. This 
 afternoon Mr. Edwd. Pickering told me in what a sad, poor 
 condition for clothes and money the king was, and all his 
 attendants, when he came to him first from my Lord, their 
 
 ^ Peter Pett succeeded his father, Phineas Pett, as Commissioner of 
 the Navy at Chatham, in 1647; he was continued in his office after 
 the Restoration, but in 1 667, in consequence of the Dutch attack upon 
 Chatham, he was superseded, sent to the Tower, and threatened with 
 impeachment. The threat was not carried out, but he was never 
 restored to office. Fuller observes that the mystery of shipwrights for 
 some descents hath been preserved successively in families, " of which 
 the Pettes of Chatham are of singular regard." — Worthies of England. 
 There is an interesting autobiographical memoir of Phineas Pett, in his 
 own handwriting, in the British Museum (Harl. MS. 6279). Extracts 
 from a copy of this MS. were printed in the " Archseologia " (vol. xii.). 
 
 2 Eldest son of Sir Gilbert Pickering, whom he succeeded in his 
 titles and estates in 1668. His father had been an active Common- 
 wealth man, and was one of the knights of the shire for the county of 
 Northampton in 1656; he was also of Cromwell's council, chamberlain 
 of the court, and high steward of Westminster. Sir Gilbert Pickering's 
 petition being read, he was ordered to be excepted as to the penalties 
 to be inflicted not reaching to life, by an act provided for that purpose. 
 — Commons' Journals; see June 19th, 1660. — B. 
 
134 DIARY OF May 16-17 
 
 clothes not being worth forty shillings the best of them.^ 
 And how overjoyed the King was when Sir J. Greenville 
 brought him some money; so joyful, that he called the 
 Princess Royal ^ and Duke of York to look upon it as it lay 
 in the portmanteau before it was taken out. My Lord told 
 me, too, that the Duke of York is made High Admiral of 
 England.' 
 
 17th. Up early to write down my last two days' observa- 
 tions. Dr. Gierke came to me to tell me that he heard this 
 morning, by some Dutch that are come on board already 
 to see the ship, that there was a Portuguese taken yesterday 
 at the Hague, that had a design to kill the King. But this 
 I heard afterwards was only the mistake upon one being 
 observed to walk with his sword naked, he having lost 
 his scabbard. Before dinner Mr. Edw. Pickering and I, 
 W. Howe, Pim, and my boy,* to Scheveling, where we took 
 coach, and so to the Hague, where walking, intending to 
 find one that might show us the King incognito, I met with 
 Captain Whittington (that had formerly brought a letter to 
 my Lord from the Mayor of London) and he did promise 
 me to do it, but first we went and dined at a French house, 
 but paid 16^. for our part of the club. At dinner in came 
 Dr. Cade, a merry mad parson of the King's. And they 
 two after dinner got the child and me (the others not being 
 able to crowd in) to see the King, who kissed the child very 
 affectionately. Then we kissed his, and the Duke of York' s, 
 and the Princess Royal's hands. .The King seems to be a 
 very sober man; and a very splendid Court he hath in the 
 number of persons of quality that are about him, English 
 very rich in habit. From the King to the Lord Chancellor,' 
 
 1 Andrew Marvell alludes to the poor condition, for clothes and 
 money, in which the King was at this time, in " A Historical Poem : " — 
 " At length, by wonderful impulse of fate, 
 The people call him back to help the State; 
 And what is more, they send him money, too, 
 And clothe him all from head to foot anew." 
 
 ^ Mary, Princess of Orange. See p. 135 (note). 
 
 " James's patent was dated June 6th, 1660. 
 
 * Edward Montagu, afterwards Lord Hinchinbroke. 
 
 ^ On January 29th, 1658, Charles II. entrusted the Great Seal to Sir 
 Edward Hyde, with the title of Lord Chancellor, and in that character 
 Sir Edward accompanied the King to England. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 135 
 
 who did lie bed-rid of the gout : he spoke very merrily to 
 the child and me. After that, going to see the Queen of 
 Bohemia, I met with Dr. Fuller,^ whom I sent to a tavern 
 with, Mr. Edw. Pickering, while I and the rest went to see 
 the Queen, ^ who used us very respectfully; her hand we all 
 kissed. She seems a very debonaire, but plain lady. After 
 that to the Dr.'s, where we drank a while or so. In a coach 
 of a friend's of Dr. Cade we went to see a house of the Prin- 
 cess Dowager's in a park about half-a-mile or a mile from 
 the Hague, where there is one, the most beautiful room for 
 pictures in the whole world." She had here one picture 
 upon the top, with these words, dedicating it to the memory 
 of her husband: — " Incomparabili marito, inconsolabilis 
 vidua."* Here I met with Mr. Woodcock of Cambridge, 
 Mr. Hardy and another, and Mr. Woodcock beginning we 
 had two or three fine songs, he and I, and W. Howe to the 
 Echo, which was very pleasant, and the more because in a 
 heaven of pleasure and in a strange country, that I never 
 was taken up more with a sense of pleasure in my life. 
 After that we parted and back to the Hague and took a tour 
 or two about the Forehault,*" where the ladies in the evening 
 do as our ladies do in Hide Park. But for my life I could 
 not find one handsome, but their coaches very rich and 
 themselves so too. From thence, taking leave of the Doctor, 
 we took wagon to Scheveling, where we had a fray with the 
 Boatswain of the Richmond, who would not freely carry us 
 
 ^ Thomas Fuller, born June, 1608; D.D. 1 660; one of the most 
 delightful writers in the English language; Chaplain to the King, 
 Lecturer at the Savoy, Prebendary of Salisbury and Rector of Cran- 
 ford. He died at his lodgings in Covent Garden, August l6th, 1661, 
 and was buried at Cranford. 
 
 2 Henrietta Maria. 
 
 ' The House in the Wood (Huis ten Bosch) at the Hague is still a 
 show place, and the picture described by Pepys can still be seen in the 
 Oranje Zaal (Orange Hall). The hall was built by a Princess of 
 Solms, grandmother of our William III., and decorated with paintings 
 in honour of her husband. Prince Frederick Henry of Orange. 
 
 * Mary, Princess Royal, eldest daughter of Charles I., and widow of 
 William of Nassau, Prince of Orange. She was not supposed to be 
 inconsolable, and scandal followed her at the court of Charles II., 
 where she died of small-pox, December 24th, 1660. 
 
 ' The Voorhout is the principal street of the Hague, and it is lined 
 with handsome trees. 
 
136 DIARY OF May 17-18 
 
 on board, but at last he was willing to it, but then it was so 
 late we durst not go. So we returned between 10 and 11 
 at night in the dark with a wagon with one horse to the 
 Hague, where being come we went to bed as well as we 
 could be accommodated, and so to sleep. 
 
 1 8th. Very early up, and, hearing that the Duke of York, 
 our Lord High Admiral, would go on board to-day, Mr. 
 Pickering and I took waggon for Scheveling, leaving the 
 child in Mr. Pierce's hands, with directions to keep him 
 within doors all day till he heard from me. But the wind 
 being very high that no boats could get off from shore, we 
 returned to the Hague (having breakfasted with a gentleman 
 of the Duke's, and Commissioner Pett, sent on purpose to 
 give notice to my Lord of his coming), where I hear that 
 the child is gone to Delfe ^ to see the town. So we all and 
 Mr. Ibbott, the Minister, took a schuit^ and very much 
 pleased with the manner and conversation of the passengers, 
 where most speak French; went after them, but met them 
 by the way. But however we went forward making no stop. 
 Where when we were come we got a smith's boy of the 
 town to go along with us, but could speak nothing but Dutch, 
 and he showed us the church where Van Trump lies en- 
 tombed with a very fine monument. His epitaph concluded 
 thus : — " Tandem Bello Anglico tantum non victor, certe 
 invictus, vivere et vincere desiit." There is a sea-fight cut 
 in marble, with the smoke, the best expressed that ever I 
 saw in my life.' From thence to the great church, that 
 stands in a fine great market-place, over against the Stadt- 
 house, and there I saw a stately tomb of the old Prince of 
 Orange,^ of marble and brass; wherein among other rarities 
 there are the angels with their trumpets expressed as it were 
 crying. Here were very fine organs in both the churches. 
 It is a most sweet town, with bridges, and a river in every 
 street. Observing that in every house of entertainment 
 
 ^ Delft is about five miles from the Hague. 
 
 " The trekschuit (drag-boat) along the canal is still described as an 
 agreeable conveyance from Leyden to Delft. 
 
 ^ Admiral Martin van Tromp's monument here described is in the 
 Oude Kerk (Old Church) at Delft. 
 
 * The costly but clumsy monument erected by the United Provinces 
 to the memory of William I., Prince of Orange (who was assassinated 
 at Delft, loth July, 1584), is in the so-called New Church at Delft. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 137 
 
 there hangs in every room a poor-man's box, and desiring 
 to know the reason thereof, it was told me that it is their 
 custom to confirm all bargains by putting something into 
 the poor people's box, and that that binds as fast as any 
 thing. We also saw the Guesthouse, where it was very 
 pleasant to see what neat preparation there is for the poor. 
 We saw one poor man a-dying there. After we had seen 
 all, we light by chance of an English house to drink in, 
 where we were very merry, discoursing of the town and the 
 thing that hangs up in the Stadthouse ^ like a bushel, which 
 I was told is a sort of punishment for some sort of offenders 
 to carry through the streets of the town over his head, which 
 is a great weight. Back by water, where a pretty sober Dutch 
 lass sat reading all the way, and I could not fasten any 
 discourse upon her. At our landing we met with Commis- 
 sioner Pett going down to the water-side with Major Harly,^ 
 who is going upon a dispatch into England. They having 
 a coach I left the Parson ° and my boy and went along with 
 Commissioner Pett, Mr. Ackworth* and Mr. Dawes his 
 friends, to the Princess Dowager's house again. Thither 
 also my Lord Fairfax and some other English Lords did 
 come to see it, and my pleasure was increased by seeing of 
 it again. Besides we went into the garden, wherein are 
 gallant nuts better than ever I saw, and a fine Echo under 
 the house in a vault made on purpose with pillars, where I 
 played on my flageolette to great advantage. Back to the 
 Hague, where not finding Mr. Edward, I was much troubled, 
 but went with the Parson to supper to Commissioner Pett, 
 where we sat late. And among other mirth Mr. Ackworth 
 vyed wives, each endeavouring to set his own wife out to 
 the best advantage, he having as they said an extraordinary 
 handsome wife. But Mr. Dawes could not be got to say 
 anything of his. After that to our lodging where W. Howe 
 
 ^ The Stadhuis is a fine building situated in the market-place. 
 
 ^ Afterwards Colonel Edward Harley, M.P. for Hereford, and Gov- 
 ernor of Dunkirk; ancestor of the Earls of Oxford of that race, now 
 extinct in the male line. He was afterwards made a Knight of the 
 Bath at the Coronation of Charles II. 
 
 5 Edmond Ibbott, made rector of Deal in 1662. See ante, March 
 25th. 
 
 * Mr. Ackworth seems to have held some office in Deptford Yard, 
 see January 14th, 1660-61. 
 
138 DIARY OF May 18-20 
 
 and I exceeding troubled not to know what is become of 
 our young gentleman. So to bed. 
 
 19th. Up early, hearing nothing of the child, and went to 
 Scheveling, where I found no getting on board, though the 
 Duke of York sent every day to see whether he could do it 
 or no. Here I met with Mr. Pinkney and his sons, and with 
 them went back to the Hague, in our way lighting and going 
 to see a woman that makes pretty rock- work in shells, &c., 
 which could I have carried safe I would have bought some 
 of. At the Hague we went to buy some pictures, where I 
 saw a sort of painting done upon woollen cloth, drawn as if 
 there was a curtain over it, which was very pleasant, but 
 dear. Another pretty piece of painting I saw, on which 
 there was a great wager laid by young Pinkney and me 
 whether it was a principal or a copy. But not knowing how 
 to decide, it was broken off, and I got the old man to lay 
 out as much as my piece of gold come to, and so saved my 
 money, which had been 24s. lost, I fear. While we were 
 here buying of pictures, we saw Mr. Edward and his com- 
 pany land. Who told me that they had been at Leyden all 
 night, at which I was very angry with Mr. Pierce, and shall 
 not be friends I believe a good while. To our lodging to 
 dinner. After that out to buy some linen to wear against 
 to-morrow, and so to the barber's. After that by waggon to 
 Lausdune, where the 365 children were born. We saw the 
 hill where they say the house stood and sunk wherein the 
 children were born. The basins wherein the male and 
 female children were baptized do stand over a large table 
 that hangs upon a wall, with the whole story of the thing in 
 Dutch and Latin, beginning, "Margarita Herman Comi- 
 tissa," &c. The thing was done about 200 years ago. 
 
 The town is a little small village which answers much to 
 one of our small villages, such a one as Chesterton in all 
 respects, and one could have thought it in England but for 
 the language of the people. We went into a little drinking 
 house where there were a great many Dutch boors eating of 
 fish in a boorish manner, but very merry in their way. But 
 the houses here as neat as in the great places. From thence 
 to the Hague again playing at crambo ^ in the waggon, Mr. 
 
 1 Crambo is described as " a play at short verses in which a word is 
 given, and the parties contend who can find most rhymes to it." 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 139 
 
 Edward, Mr. Ibbott, W. Howe, Mr. Pinkney, and I. When 
 we were come thither W. Howe, and Mr. Ibbott, and Mr. 
 Pinckney went away for Scheveling, while I and the child 
 to walk up and down the town, where I met my old chamber- 
 fellow, Mr. Ch. Anderson, and a friend of his (both Physi- 
 cians), Mr. Wright, who took me to a Dutch house, where 
 there was an exceeding pretty lass, and right for the sport, 
 but it being Saturday we could not have much of her com- 
 pany, but however I staid with them (having left the child 
 with my uncle Pickering, ^ whom I met in the street) till 12 
 at night. By that time Charles was almost drunk, and then 
 broke up, he resolving tp go thither again, after he had seen 
 me at my lodging, and lie with the girl, which he told me 
 he had done in the morning. Going to my lodging we met 
 with the bellman, who struck upon a clapper, which I took 
 in my hand, and it is just like the clapper that our boys 
 frighten the birds away from the corn with in summer time 
 in England. To bed. 
 
 20th. Up early, and with Mr. Pickering and the child by 
 waggon to Scheveling, where it not being yet fit to go off, I 
 went to lie down in a chamber in the house, where in 
 another bed there was a pretty Dutch woman in bed alone, 
 but though I had a month's-mind " I had not the boldness to 
 go to her. So there I slept an hour or two. At last she 
 rose, and then I rose and walked up and down the chamber, 
 and saw her dress herself after the Dutch dress, and talked 
 to her as much as I could, and took occasion, from her ring 
 which she wore on her first finger, to kiss her hand, but had 
 not the face to offer anything more. So at last I left her 
 there and went to my company. About 8 o'clock I went 
 into the church at Scheveling, which was pretty handsome, 
 and in the chancel a very great upper part of the mouth of 
 a whale, which indeed was of a prodigious bigness, bigger 
 than one of our long boats that belong to one of our ships. 
 Commissioner Pett at last came to our lodging, and caused 
 
 1 There were several Pickerings, and it is not easy to say which of 
 them Pepys would style " uncle." 
 
 ^ Month's mind. An earnest desire or longing, explained as allud- 
 ing to " a woman's longing." See Shakespeare, " Two Gentlemen of 
 Verona," act i. sc. 2 : 
 
 "I see you have a month's mind to them." — M. B. 
 
140 DIARY OF May 20-22 
 
 the boats to go off; so some in one boat and some in an- 
 other we all bid adieu to the shore. But through badness 
 of weather we were in great danger, and a great while be- 
 fore we could get to the ship, so that of all the company 
 not one but myself that was not sick. I keeping myself 
 in the open air, though I was soundly wet for it. This hath 
 not been known four days together such weather at this 
 time of year, a great while. Indeed our fleet was thought 
 to be in great danger, but we found all well, and Mr. Thos. 
 Crew came on board. I having spoke a word or two with 
 my Lord, being not very well settled, partly through last 
 night's drinking and want of sleep, I lay down in my 
 gown upon my bed and slept till the 4 o'clock gun the next 
 morning waked me, which I took for 8 at night, and ris- 
 ing . . . mistook the sun rising for the sun setting on 
 Sunday night. 
 
 2ist. So into my naked bed^ and slept till 9 o'clock, and 
 then John Goods waked me, [by] and by the captain's boy 
 brought me four barrels of Mallows oysters, which Captain 
 Tatnell had sent me from Murlace.^ The weather foul all 
 this day also. After dinner, about writing one thing or 
 other all day, and setting my papers in order, having been 
 so long absent. At night Mr. Pierce, Purser (the other 
 Pierce and I having not spoken to one another since we 
 fell out about Mr. Edward), and Mr. Cook sat with me in 
 my cabin and supped with me, and then I went to bed. 
 By letters that came hither in my absence, I understand 
 that the Parliament had ordered all persons to be se- 
 cured, in order to a trial, that did sit as judges in the 
 late King's death, and all the officers too attending the 
 
 1 This is a somewhat late use of an expression which was once uni- 
 versal. It was formerly the custom for both sexes to sleep in bed with- 
 out any night-linen. ' 
 
 " Who sees his true love in her naked bed. 
 Teaching the sheets a whiter hue than white." 
 
 Shakespeare, Venus and Adonis. 
 
 Nares (" Glossary ") notes the expression so late as in the very odd 
 novel by T. Amory, called " John Buncle," where a young lady declares, 
 after an alarm, " that she would never go into naked bed on board ship 
 again." Octavo edition, vol. i. p. 90. 
 
 "^ Apparently Mallows stands for St. Malo and Murlace for Morlaise. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 141 
 
 Court. Sir John Lenthall ' moving in the House, that all 
 that had borne arms against the King should be exempted 
 from pardon, he was called to the bar of the House, and 
 after a severe reproof he was degraded his knighthood. At 
 Court I find that all things grow high. The old clergy talk 
 as being sure of their lands again, and laugh at the Presby- 
 tery; and it is beUeved that the sales of the King's and 
 Bishops' lands will never be confirmed by Parliament, there 
 being nothing now in any man's power to hinder them and 
 the King from doing what they have a mind, but every body 
 willing to submit to any thing. We expect every day to 
 have the King and Duke on board as soon as it is fair. My 
 Lord do nothing now, but offers all things to the pleasure of 
 the Duke as Lord High Admiral. So that I am at a loss 
 what to do. 
 
 22nd. Up very early, and now beginning to be settled in 
 my wits again, I went about setting down my last four days' 
 observations this morning. After that, was trimmed by a 
 barber that has not trimmed me yet, my Spaniard being on 
 shore. News brought that the two Dukes are coming on 
 board, which, by and by, they did, in a Dutch boat, the 
 Duke of York in yellow trimmings, the Duke of Gloucester ^ 
 in grey and red. My Lord went in a boat to meet them, 
 
 ' Sir John Lenthall, who survived till 168 1, was the only son of 
 Speaker Lenthall, and CromwfeU's Governor of Windsor Castle. He 
 had been knighted by the Protector in 1657; but is styled " Mr. Len- 
 thall" in the "Commons' Journals of the House," May 12th, 1660, 
 vi'here the proceedings alluded to by Pepys are fully detailed. Mrs. 
 Hutchinson also gives an account of them, in her " Memoirs of Colonel 
 Hutchinson," p. 367, 4to edit. On the 22nd of May following, Lenthall 
 lost his seat for Abingdon, the double return for that borough having 
 been decided in favour of Sir John Stonehouse; probably the then 
 recent offence which Lenthall had given to the House of Commons had 
 more influence in the adverse issue of the petition than the actual 
 merits of the case. Sir John Lenthall, of whom Pepys speaks, August 
 loth, 1663, was the brother to the Speaker. See that passage. — B. 
 
 ^ Henry, Duke of Gloucester, the youngest child of Charles I., born 
 July 6th, 1640, who, with his sister Elizabeth, was allowed a meeting with 
 his father on the night before the King's execution. Burnet says : " He 
 was active, and loved business; was apt to have particular friendships, 
 and had an insinuating temper which was generally very acceptable. 
 The King loved him much better than the Duke of York." He died 
 of small-pox at Whitehall, September 13th, 1660, and was buried in 
 Henry VII.'s Chapel. 
 
142 DIARY OF May 22 
 
 the Captain, myself, and others, standing at the entering 
 port. So soon as they were entered we shot the guns off 
 round the fleet. After that they went to view the ship all 
 over, and were most exceedingly pleased with it. They seem 
 to be both very fine gentlemen. After that done, upon the 
 quarter-deck table, under the awning, the Duke of York and 
 my Lord, Mr. Coventry,^ and I, spent an hour at allotting 
 to every ship their service, in their return to England ; which 
 having done, they went to dinner, where the table was very 
 full : the two Dukes at the upper end, my Lord Opdam next 
 on one side, and my Lord on the other. Two guns given 
 to every man while he was drinking the King's health, and 
 so likewise to the Duke's health. I took down Monsieur 
 d'Esquier to the great cabin below, and dined with him in 
 state alone with only one or two friends of his. All dinner 
 the harper belonging to Captain Sparling played to the 
 Dukes. After dinner, the Dukes and my Lord to see the 
 Vice and Rear-Admirals, and I in a boat after them. After 
 that done, they made to the shore in the Dutch boat that 
 brought them, and I got into the boat with them ; but the 
 shore was so full of people to expect their coming, as that 
 it was as black (which otherwise is white sand), as every 
 one could stand by another. When we came near the shore, 
 my Lord left them and came into his own boat, and General 
 Pen ^ and I with him ; my Lord being very well pleased with 
 this day's work. By the time we came on board again, news 
 
 1 William Coventry, to whom Pepys became so warmly attached 
 afterwards, was the fourth son of Thomas, first Lord Coventry, the 
 Lord Keeper. He was born in 1628, and entered at Queen's College, 
 Oxford, in 1642; after the Restoration he became private secretary to 
 the Duke of York, his commission as Secretary to the Lord High 
 Admiral not being conferred until 1664; elected M.P. for Great Yar- 
 mouth in 1661. In 1662 he was appointed an extra Commissioner of 
 the Navy, an office he held until 1667; in 1665, knighted and sworn a 
 Privy Councillor, and, in 1667, constituted a Commissioner of the Treas- 
 ury; but, having been forbid the court on account of his challenging 
 the Duke of Buckingham, he retired into the country, nor could he 
 subsequently be prevailed upon to accept of any official employment. 
 Burnet calls Sir William Coventry the best speaker in the House of 
 Commons, and " a man of the finest and best temper that belonged to 
 the court," and Pepys never omits an opportunity of paying a tribute to 
 his public and private worth. He died, 1686, of gout in the stomach. 
 '^ Admiral Sir William Penn (see ante, April 4th) . 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 143 
 
 is •sent us that the King is on shore; so my Lord fired all 
 his guns round twice, and all the fleet after him, which in 
 the end fell into disorder, which seemed very handsome. 
 The gun over against my cabin I fired myself to the King, 
 which was the first time that he had been saluted by his own 
 ships since this change ; but holding my head too much over 
 the gun, I had almost spoiled my right eye. Nothing in 
 the world but going of guns almost all this day. In the 
 evening we began to remove cabins; I to the carpenter's 
 cabin, and Dr. Gierke with me, who came on board this 
 afternoon, having been twice ducked in the sea to-day com- 
 ing from shore, and Mr. North and John Pickering the like. 
 Many of the King's servants came on board to-night; and 
 so many Dutch of all sorts came to see the ship till it was 
 quite dark, that we could not pass by one another, which 
 was a great trouble to us all. This afternoon Mr. Downing 
 (who was knighted yesterday by the King ^) was here on 
 
 ^ " About midnight arrived there Mr. Downing, who did the affairs 
 of England to the Lords the Estates, in quality of Resident under Oliver 
 Cromwell, and afterward under the pretended Parliament, which having 
 changed the form of the government, after having cast forth the last 
 Protector, had continued him in his imploiment, under the quality of 
 Extraordinary Envoy. He began to have respect for the King's per- 
 son, when he knew that all England declared for a free parliament, and 
 departed from Holland without order, as soon as he understood that 
 there was nothing that could longer oppose the re-establishment of 
 monarchal government, with a design to crave letters of recommendation 
 to General Monk. This lord considered him, as well because of the 
 birth of his wife, which is illustrious, as because Downing had expressed 
 some respect for him in a time when that eminent person could not yet 
 discover his intentions. He had his letters when he arrived at midnight 
 at the house of the Spanish Embassador, as we have said. He pre- 
 sented them forthwith to the King, who arose from table a while after, 
 read the letters, receiv'd the submissions of Downing, and granted him 
 the pardon and grace which he asked for him to whom he could deny 
 nothing. Some dales after the King knighted him, and would it should 
 be believed, that the strong aversions which this minister of the Pro- 
 tector had made appear against him on all occasions, and with all sorts 
 of persons indifferently, even a few dales before the publick and gen- 
 eral declaration of all England, proceeded not from any evil intention, 
 but only from a deep dissimulation, wherewith he was constrained to 
 cover his true sentiments, for fear to prejudice the affairs of his Maj- 
 esty." — Sir William Lower's Relation . . . of the Voiage and Resi- 
 dence which . . . Charles the II. hath made in Holland, Hague, 1660, 
 folio, pp. 72-73. 
 
144 DIARY OF May 22-23 
 
 board, and had a ship for his passage into England, with 
 his lady and servants. By the same token he called me to 
 him when I was going to write the order, to tell me that I 
 must write him Sir G. Downing. My Lord lay in the round- 
 house to-night. This evening I was late writing a French 
 letter myself by my Lord's order to Monsieur Kragh,' 
 Embassador de Denmarke a la Haye, which my Lord signed 
 in bed. After that I to bed, and the Doctor, and sleep well. 
 23rd. The Doctor and I waked very merry, only my eye 
 was very red and ill in the morning from yesterday's hurt. 
 In the morning came infinity of people on board from the 
 King to go along with him. My Lord, Mr. Crew, and 
 others, go on shore to meet the King as he comes off from 
 shore, where Sir R. Stayner bringing His Majesty into the 
 boat, I hear that His Majesty did with a great deal of affec- 
 tion kiss my Lord upon his first meeting. The King, with 
 the two Dukes and Queen of Bohemia, Princess Royal, and 
 Prince of Orange, came on board, where I in their coming 
 in kissed the King's, Queen's, and Princess's hands, having 
 done the other before. Infinite shooting off of the guns, 
 and that in a disorder on purpose, which was better than 
 if it had been otherwise. All day nothing but Lords and 
 persons of honour on board, that we were exceeding full. 
 Dined in a great deal of state, the Royall company by them- 
 selves in the coach, which was a blessed sight to see. I 
 dined with Dr. Gierke, Dr. Quarterman,^ and Mr. Darcy ' in 
 my cabin. This morning Mr. Lucy came on board, to whom 
 
 1 Otte Krag was one of the two extraordinary ambassadors from the 
 King of Denmarlc to Charles II. at the Hague. See Lower's " Voiage 
 and Residence of Charles II. in Holland," 1660, p. 41. 
 
 '^ William Quartermaine, M.D., matriculated as member of Brasenose 
 College, Oxford, and afterwards removed to Pembroke College. He 
 was appointed one of the physicians in ordinary to Charles II., and 
 died in June, 1667. 
 
 ' Marmaduke, fifth son of Conyers, Lord Darcy, one of the com- 
 panions of Charles's exile, whom the King was wont to call " 'Duke 
 Darcey," and he is so styled in Charles's narrative of his escape, as given 
 to Pepys. On the pavement in the south aisle of St. George's Chapel, 
 Windsor, is the following inscription : — " Here lyeth the body of the 
 Honourable Marmaduke Darcy, Esq., brother to the Earl of Holder- 
 ness, first gentleman usher of the privy-chamber to his Majesty, who 
 died in this castle on Sunday, the 3d of July, in the seventy-third year 
 of his age, a.d. 1687." — Pote's History of Windsor, p. 365. — B. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 145 
 
 and his company of the King's Guard in another ship my 
 Lord did give three dozen of bottles of wine. He made 
 friends between Mr. Pierce and me. After dinner the King 
 and Duke altered the name of some of the ships, viz. the 
 Nazeby into Charles;' the Richard, James; ^ the Speaker,' 
 Mary; the Dunbar (which was not in company with us), 
 the Henry;* Winsly, Happy Return;^ Wakefield, Rich- 
 mond;^ Lambert, the Henrietta;' Cheriton, the Speed- 
 well;' Bradford, the Success." That done, the Queen, 
 Princess Royal, and Prince of Orange, took leave of the 
 King, and the Duke of York went on board the London, 
 and the Duke of Gloucester, the Swiftsure. Which done, 
 we weighed anchor, and with a fresh gale and most happy 
 weather we set -sail for England. All the afternoon the 
 King walked here and there, up and down (quite contrary 
 to what I thought him to have been), very active and stir- 
 ring. Upon the quarter-deck he fell into discourse of his 
 escape from Worcester," where it made me ready to weep 
 to hear the stories that he told of his difficulties that he had 
 passed through, as his travelling four days and three nights 
 on foot, every step up to his knees in dirt, with nothing but 
 a green coat and a pair of country breeches on, and a pair 
 
 ' " The Naseby now no longer England's shame, 
 
 But better to be lost in Charles his name." 
 
 Dryden, Asiraa Redux. 
 Another " Charles " was built at Deptford in 1 667 by Jo. Shish. 
 
 ^ The " Richard " was a second-rate of seventy guns, built at Wool- 
 wich in 1658 by Christopher Pett. 
 
 ' The " Speaker " was a third-rate of fifty-two guns, built at Wool- 
 wich in 1649 by Christopher Pett. 
 
 * The "Henry," then "Dunbar," was a second-rate of sixty-four 
 guns, built at Deptford in 1656 by Mr. Callis. 
 
 * The " Happy Return," then the " Winsley," was built at Yarmouth 
 in 1654 by Edgar; it was a fourth-rate of forty-six guns. 
 
 * The " Richmond," then the " Wakefield," was built at Portsmouth 
 in 1655 by Sir J. Tippets; it was a fifth-rate of twenty-six guns. 
 
 ' The " Henrietta," then the " Lambert," was built at Horslydown 
 in 1653-4 by Bright; it was a third-rate of fifty guns. 
 
 ' The " Speedwell," then the " Cheriton," was a fifth-rate of twenty 
 guns, built at Deptford in 1655 by Mr. Callis. 
 
 'The "Success," then the "Bradford," was a fifth-rate built at 
 Chatham in 1657 by Captain Taylor. 
 
 1° For the King's own account of his escape dictated to Pepys, see 
 "Boscobel" (Bohn's "Standard Library"). 
 
146 DIARY OF May 23-24 
 
 of country shoes that made him so sore all over his feet, 
 that he could scarce stir. Yet he was forced to run away 
 from a miller and other company, that took them for rogues. 
 His sitting at table at one place, where the master of the 
 house, that had not seen him in eight years, did know him, 
 but kept it private ; when at the same table there was one 
 that had been of his own regiment at Worcester, could not 
 know him, but made him drink the King's health, and said 
 that the King was at least four fingers higher than he. At 
 another place he was by some servants of the house made 
 to drink, that they might know him not to be a Roundhead, 
 which they swore he was. In another place at his inn, the 
 master of the house,'' as the King was standing with his 
 hands upon the back of a chair by the fire-side, kneeled 
 down and kissed his hand, privately, saying, that he would 
 not ask him who he was, but bid God bless him whither he 
 was going. Then the difficulty of getting a boat to get into 
 France, where he was fain to plot with the master thereof to 
 keep his design from the four men and a boy (which was 
 all his ship's company), and so got to Fecamp in France.^ 
 
 1 This was at Brighton. The inn was the " George," and the inn- 
 keeper was named Smith. Charles related this circumstance again to 
 Pepys in October, 1680. He then said, "And here also I ran into 
 another very great danger, as being confident I was known by the 
 master of the inn ; for, as I was standing after supper by the fireside, 
 leaning my hand upon a chair, and all the rest of the company being 
 gone into another room, the master of the inn came in and fell a-talking 
 with me, and just as he was looking about, and saw there was nobody 
 in the room, he upon a sudden kissed my hand that was upon the back 
 of the chair, and said to me, ' God bless you wheresoever you go ! I 
 do not doubt before I die, but to be a lord, and my wife a lady.' So 
 I laughed, and went away into the next room." 
 
 ^ On Saturday, October nth, 1651, Colonel Gunter made an agree- 
 ment at Chichester with Nicholas Tettersell, through Francis Mansell 
 (a French merchant), to have Tettersell's vessel ready at an hour's 
 warning. Charles II., in his narrative dictated to Pepys in 1680, said, 
 " We went to a place, four miles off Shoreham, called Brighthelmstone, 
 where we were to meet with the master of the ship, as thinking it more 
 convenient to meet there than just at Shoreham, where the ship was. 
 So when we came to the inn at Brighthelmstone we met with one, the 
 merchant [Francis Mansell] who had hired the vessel, in company 
 with her master [Tettersell], the merchant only knowing me, as having 
 hired her only to carry over a person of quality that was escaped from 
 the battle of Worcester without naming anybody." 
 
 The boat was supposed to be bound for Poole, but Charles says in 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 147 
 
 At Rouen he looked so poorly, that the people went into 
 the rooms before he went away to see whether he had not 
 stole something or other. In the evening I went up to my 
 Lord to write letters for England, which we sent away with 
 word of our coming, by Mr. Edw. Pickering. The King 
 supped alone in the coach; after that I got a dish, and we 
 four supped in my cabin, as at noon. About bed-time my 
 Lord Bartlett ^ (who I had offered my service to before) sent 
 for me to get him a bed, who with much ado I did get to 
 bed to my Lord Middlesex ^ in the great cabin below, but 
 I was cruelly troubled before I could dispose of him, and 
 quit myself of him. So to my cabin again, where the com- 
 pany still was, and were talking more of the King's diffi- 
 culties; as how he was fain to eat a piece of bread and 
 cheese out of a poor boy's pocket; how, at a Catholique 
 house, he was fain to lie in the priest's hole a good while 
 in the house for his privacy. After that our company broke 
 up, and the Doctor and I to bed. We have all the Lords 
 Commissioners on board us, and many others. Under sail 
 all night, and most glorious weather. 
 
 24th. Up, and make myself as fine as I could, with the 
 linning stockings on and wide canons ° that I bought the 
 other day at Hague. Extraordinary press of noble company, 
 and great mirth all the day. There dined with me in my 
 
 his narrative : " As we were sailing the master came to me, and desired 
 me that I would persuade his men to use their best endeavours with 
 him to get him to set us on shore in France, the better to cover him 
 from any suspicion thereof, upon which I went to the men, which were 
 four and a boy." 
 
 After the Restoration Mansell was granted a pension of ^200 a year, 
 and Tettersell one of £icx> a year. (See " Captain Nicholas Tettersell 
 and the Escape of Charles II.," by F. E. Savi^yer, F.S.A., " Sussex Archae- 
 ological Collections," vol. xxxii. pp. 81-104.) 
 
 1 A mistake for Lord Berkeley of Berkeley, who had been deputed, 
 with Lord Middlesex and four other Peers, by the House of Lords to 
 present an address of congratulation to the King. — B. 
 
 2 Lionel Cranfield, third and last Earl of Middlesex. Died 1674, 
 when the title became extinct. 
 
 2 Canons, canions, or cannions. Thus defined in Kersefs Diction- 
 ary: "Cannions, boot hose tops; an old-fashioned ornament for the 
 legs." That is to say, a particular addition to breeches. Coles says, 
 "Cannions, Perizomata." Cotgrave, "Canons de chausses." Minshew 
 says, " On las appelle ainsi pourceque, &c., because they are like can- 
 nons of artillery, or cans, or pots." — Nares, Glossary. — M. B. 
 
148 DIARY OF May 24-25 
 
 cabin (that is, the carpenter's) Dr. Earle' and Mr. Hollis,^ 
 the King's Chaplins, Dr. Scarborough/ Dr. Quarterman, 
 and Dr. Gierke, Physicians, Mr. Darcy, and Mr. Fox * (both 
 very fine gentlemen), the King's servants, where we had 
 brave discourse. Walking upon the decks, where persons 
 of honour all the afternoon, among others, Thomas Killi- 
 grew ^ (a merry droll, but a gentleman of great esteem with 
 
 1 John Earle, born about 1601; appointed in 1643 °°s of the West- 
 minster Assembly of Divines, but his principles did not allow him to 
 act. He accompanied Charles II. when he was obliged to fly from 
 England. Dean of Westminster at the Restoration, Bishop of Worces- 
 ter, November 30th, 1662, and translated to Salisbury, September 28th, 
 1663. He was tender to the Nonconformists, and Baxter wrote of him, 
 " O that they were all such ! " Author of " Microcosmography." Died 
 November 17th, 1665, and was buried in the chapel of Merton College, 
 of which hte had been a Fellow. Charles 11. had the highest esteem 
 for him. 
 
 '•* Denzil Holies, second son of John, first Earl of Clare, born at 
 Houghton, Notts, in 1597. He was one of the five members charged 
 with high treason by Charles I. in 1641. He was a Presbyterian, and 
 one of the Commissioners sent by Parliament to wait on Charles II. at 
 the Hague. Sir William Lower, in his " Relation," 1660, writes : "All 
 agreed that never person spake with more affection nor expressed 
 himself in better terms than Mr. Denzil HoUis, who was orator for the 
 Deputies of the Lower House, to whom those of London were joined." 
 He was created Baron Holies on April 20th, 1661, on the occasion of 
 the coronation of Charles II. 
 
 ^ Charles Scarburgh, M.D., an eminent physician who suffered for 
 the royal cause during the Civil Wars. He was born in London, 
 and educated at St. Paul's School and Caius College, Cambridge. He 
 was ejected from his fellowship at Caius, and withdrew to Oxford. 
 He entered himself at Merton College, then presided over by Harvey, 
 with whom he formed a lifelong friendship. He was knighted by 
 Charles II. in 1669, and attended the King in his last illness. He was 
 also physician to James II. and to William III., and died February 
 26th, 1693-4. 
 
 * Stephen Fox, born 1627, and said to have been a choir-boy in 
 Salisbury Cathedral. He was the first person to announce the death 
 of Cromwell to Charles II., and at the Restoration he was made Clerk 
 of the Green Cloth, and afterwards Paymaster of the Forces. He was 
 knighted in 1665. He married Elizabeth, daughter of William Whittle 
 of Lancashire. (See June 25th, 1660.) Fox died in 1716. His sons 
 Stephen and Henry were created respectively Earl of Ilchester and 
 Lord Holland. 
 
 ^ Thomas Killigrew, fourth son of Sir Robert Killigrew of Hanworth, 
 Middlesex, page of honour to Charles I., and groom of the bedcham- 
 ber to Charles II., whose fortunes he had followed. He was Resident 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 149 
 
 the King), who told us many merry stories : one, how he 
 wrote a letter three or four days ago to the Princess Royal, 
 about a Queen Dowager of Judaea and Palestine, that was 
 at the Hague incognita, that made love to the King, &c., 
 which was Mr. Gary (a courtier's) wife that had been a nun, 
 who are all married to Jesus. At supper the three Drs. of 
 Physic again at my cabin; where I put Dr. Scarborough in 
 mind of what I heard him say about the use of the eyes, 
 which he owned, that children do, in every day's experi- 
 ence, look several ways with both their eyes, till custom 
 teaches them otherwise. And that we do now see but with 
 one eye, our eyes looking in parallel lines. After this dis- 
 course I was called to write a pass for my Lord Mandeville 
 to take up horses to London, which I wrote in the King's 
 name,-^ and carried it to him to sign, which was the first and 
 only one that ever he signed in the ship Charles.^ To bed, 
 coming in sight of land a little before night. 
 
 25th. By the morning we were come close to the land, and 
 every body made ready to get on shore. The King and 
 the two Dukes did eat their breakfast before they went, and 
 there being set some ship's diet before them, only to show 
 them the manner of the ship's diet, they eat of nothing else 
 but pease and pork, and boiled beef. I had Mr. Darcy in 
 my cabin and Dr. Gierke, who eat with me, told me how 
 the King had given ;^So to Mr. Sheply for my Lord's ser- 
 vants, and ;£soo among the officers and common men of 
 the ship. I spoke with the Duke of York about business, 
 who called me Pepys by name, and upon my desire did 
 promise me his future favour. Great expectation of the 
 King's making some Knights, but there was none. About 
 noon (though the brigantine that Beale made was there ready 
 to carry him) yet he would go in my Lord's barge with the 
 
 for the King at Venice, 1 650; a great favourite with his master on 
 account of his uncommon vein of humour, and author of several plays. 
 He was born in the parish of St. Margaret, Lothbury, February 7th, 
 1611-12, and died March, 1682-3, being buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 He married twice: i, June 29th, 1636, Cicely, daughter of Sir James 
 Crofts of Saxham, co. Suffolk, maid of honour to Queen Henrietta 
 Maria (she died January 1st, 1637-8); 2, January 28th, 1654-5, Char- 
 lotte, daughter of John de Hesse (she died at the Hague in 1716). 
 
 1 This right of purveyance was abolished in Charles's reign. 
 
 " Late the "Naseby." 
 
150 DIARY OF May 25-26 
 
 two Dukes. Our Captain steered, and my Lord went along 
 bare with him. I went, and Mr. Mansell, and one of the 
 King's footmen, with a dog that the King loved,'' (which 
 [dirted] the boat, which made us laugh, and methink that a 
 King and all that belong to him are but just as others are), 
 (in a boat by ourselves, and so got on shore when the King 
 did, who was received by General Monk with all imagina- 
 ble love and respect at his entrance upon the land of Dover. 
 Infinite the crowd of people and the horsemen, citizens, 
 and noblemen of all sorts. The Mayor of the town came 
 and gave him his white staff, the badge of his place, which 
 the King did give him again. The Mayor also presented 
 him from the town a very rich Bible, which he took and said 
 it was the thing that he loved above all things in the world. 
 A canopy was provided for him to stand under, which he 
 did, and talked awhile with General Monk and others, and 
 so into a stately coach there set for him, and so away through 
 the town towards Canterbury, without making any stay at 
 Dover. The shouting and joy expressed by all is past 
 imagination. Seeing that my Lord did not stir out of his 
 barge, I got into a boat, and so into his barge, whither Mr. 
 John Crew stepped, and spoke a word or two to my Lord, 
 and so returned, we back to the ship, and going did see a 
 man almost drowned that fell out of his boat into the sea, 
 but with much ado was got out. My Lord almost trans- 
 ported with joy that he had done all this without any the 
 least blur or obstruction in the world, that could give an 
 offence to any, and with the great honour he thought it 
 would be to him. Being overtook by the brigantine, my 
 
 1 Charles II.'s love of dogs is well known, but is not so well known 
 that his dogs were continually being stolen from him. In the " Mer- 
 curius Publicus," June 28- July 5, 1660, is the following advertisement, 
 apparently drawn up by the King himself: "We must call upon you 
 again for a Black Dog between a greyhound and a spaniel, no white 
 about him, onely a streak on his brest, and his tayl a little bobbed. It 
 is His Majesties own Dog, and doubtless was stoln, for the dog was not 
 born nor bred in England, and would never forsake His master. Who- 
 soever findes him may acquaint any at Whitehal for the Dog was better 
 known at Court, than those who stole him. Will they never leave 
 robbing his Majesty! Must he not keep a Dog? This dog's place 
 (though better than some imagine) is the only place which nobody 
 offers to beg." (Quoted in " Notes and Queries," 7th S., vii. 26, where 
 are printed two other advertisements of Charles's lost dogs.) 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 151 
 
 Lord and we went out of our barge into it, and so went on 
 board with Sir W. Batten i and the Vice and Rear- Admirals. 
 At night my Lord supped and Mr. Thomas Crew with Cap- 
 tain Stoakes, I supped with the Captain, who told me 
 what the King had given us. My Lord returned late, and 
 at his coming did give me order to cause the marke to be 
 gilded, and a Crown and C. R. to be made at the head of 
 the coach table, where the King to-day with his own hand 
 did mark his height, which accordingly I caused the painter 
 to do, and is now done as is to be seen. 
 
 26th. Thanks to God I got to bed in my own poor cabin, 
 and slept well till 9 o'clock this morning. Mr. North and 
 Dr. Clerke and all the great company being gone, I found 
 myself very uncouth all this day for want thereof. My Lord 
 dined with the Vice-Admiral to-day (who is as officious, 
 poor man! as any spaniel can be; but I believe all to no 
 purpose, for I believe he will not hold his place), so I dined 
 commander at the coach table to-day, and all the officers of 
 the ship with me, and Mr. White of Dover. After a game 
 or two at nine-pins, to work all the afternoon, making above 
 twenty orders. In the evening my Lord having been a-shore, 
 the first time that he hath been a-shore since he came out 
 of the Hope (having resolved not to go till he had brought 
 his Majesty into England), returned on board with a great 
 
 1 Clarendon describes William Batten as an obscure fellow, and, 
 although unknown to the service, a good seaman, who was in 1642 
 made Surveyor to the Navy; in which employ he evinced great ani- 
 mosity against the King. The following year, while Vice-Admiral to 
 the Earl of Warwick, he chased a Dutch man-of-war into Burlington 
 Bay, knowing that Queen Henrietta Maria was on board; and then, 
 learning that she had landed and was lodged on the quay, he fired 
 above a hundred shot upon the house, some of which passing through 
 her majesty's chamber, she was obliged, though indisposed, to retire 
 for safety into the open fields. This act, brutal as it was, found favour 
 with the Parliament. But Batten became afterwards discontented; 
 and, when a portion of the fleet revolted, he carried the "Constant 
 Warwick," one of the best ships in the Parliament navy, over into 
 Holland, with several seamen of note. For this act of treachery he 
 was knighted and made a Rear-Admiral by Prince Charles. We hear 
 no more of Batten till the Restoration, when he became a Commissioner 
 of the Navy, and was soon after M.P. for Rochester. See an account 
 of his second wife, in note to November 24th, 1660, and of his illness 
 and death, October 5th, 1667. He had a son, Benjamin, and a 
 daughter, Martha, by his first wife. — B. 
 
152 DIARY OF May 26-28 
 
 deal of pleasure. I supped with the Captain in his cabin 
 with young Captain Cuttance, and afterwards a messenger 
 from the King came with a letter, and to go into France, 
 and by that means we supped again with him at 12 o'clock 
 at night. This night the Captain told me that my Lord 
 had appointed me ^30 out of the 1000 ducats which the 
 King had given to the ship, at which my heart was very 
 much joyed. To bed. 
 
 27th (Lord's day). Called up by John Goods to see the 
 Garter and Heralds coat, which lay in the coach, brought by 
 Sir Edward Walker,' King at Arms, this morning, for my 
 Lord. My Lord hath summoned all the Commanders on 
 board him, to see the ceremony, which was thus : Sir Edward 
 putting on his coat, and having laid the George and Garter, 
 and the King's letter to my Lord, upon a crimson cushion 
 (in the coach, all the Commanders standing by), makes 
 three congees to him, holding the cushion in his arms. 
 Then laying it down with the things upon it upon a chair, 
 he takes the letter, and delivers it to my Lord, which my 
 Lord breaks open and gives him to read. It was directed 
 to our trusty and well beloved Sir Edward Montagu, Knight, 
 one of our Generals at sea, and our Companion elect of our 
 Noble Order of the Garter. The contents of the letter is to 
 show that the Kings of England have for many years made 
 use of this honour, as a special mark of favour, to persons of 
 good extraction and virtue (and that many Emperors, Kings 
 and Princes of other countries have borne this honour), 
 and that whereas my Lord is of a noble family, and hath 
 now done the King such service by sea, at this time, as he 
 hath done; he do send him this George and Garter to wear 
 as Knight of the Order, with a dispensation for the other 
 ceremonies of the habit of the Order, and other things, till 
 
 ' Edward Walker was knighted February 2nd, 1644-5, ^^^ "° "^^ 
 24th of the same month was sworn in as Garter King at Arms. He 
 adhered to the cause of the king, and published " Iter Carolinum, being 
 a succinct account of the necessitated marches, retreats, and sufferings 
 of his Majesty King Charles I., from Jan. 10, 1641, to the time of his 
 death in 1648, collected by a daily attendant upon his sacred Majesty 
 during all that time." He joined Charles II. in exile, and received the 
 reward of his loyalty at the Restoration. He died at Whitehall, Feb- 
 ruary 19th, 1676-7, and was buried at Stratford-on-Avon, his daughter 
 having married Sir John Clopton of that place. 
 
»66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 153 
 
 hereafter, when it can be done. So the herald putting the 
 ribbon about his neck, and the Garter about his left leg, 
 he salutes him with joy as Knight of the Garter, and that 
 was all. After that was done, and the Captain and I had 
 breakfasted with Sir Edward while my Lord was writing of 
 a letter, he took his leave of my Lord, and so to shore again 
 to the King at Canterbury, where he yesterday gave the like 
 honour to General Monk, ^ who are the only two for many 
 years that have had the Garter given them, before they had 
 other honours of Earldom, or the like, excepting only the 
 Duke of Buckingham, who was only Sir George Villiers 
 when he was made Knight of the Garter. ^ A while after 
 Mr. Thos. Crew and Mr. J. Pickering (who had staid long 
 enough to make all the world see him to be a fool), took 
 ship for London. So there now remain no strangers with 
 my Lord but Mr. Hetley,' who had been with us a day be- 
 fore the King went from us. My Lord and the ship's com- 
 pany down to sermon. I staid above to write and look over 
 my new song book, which came last night to me from Lon- 
 don in lieu of that that my Lord had of me. The officers 
 being all on board, there was not room for me at table, so 
 I dined in my cabin, where, among other things, Mr. Drum 
 brought me a lobster and a bottle of oil, instead of a bottle 
 of vinegar, whereby I spoiled my dinner. Many orders in 
 the ordering of ships this afternoon. Late to a sermon. 
 After that up to the Lieutenant's cabin, where Mr. Sheply, 
 I, and the Minister supped, and after that I went down to 
 W. Howe's cabin, and there, with a great deal of pleasure, 
 singing till it was late. After that to bed. 
 
 28th. Called up at two in the morning for letters for my 
 Lord from the Duke of York, but I went to bed again till 
 5. Trimmed early this morning. This morning the Cap- 
 tain did call over all the men in the ship (not the boys), 
 and give every one of them a ducat* of the King's money 
 that he gave the ship, and the officers according to their 
 
 ^ " His Majesty put the George on his Excellency, and the two 
 Dukes put on the Garter. The Princes thus honoured the Lord-General 
 for the restoration of that lawful family." — Rugge's Diurnal. 
 
 ^ Sir George Villiers received the Garter in 1616. 
 
 ' Mr. Hetley died in the following year, see January 19th, 1660-61. 
 
 * The gold ducat is valued at about gs. (>d., and the silver at 3^. s^. 
 
1S4 DIARY OF May 28-31 
 
 quality. I received in the Captain's cabin, for my share, 
 sixty ducats. The rest of the morning busy writing letters. 
 So was my Lord that he would not come to dinner. After 
 dinner to write again in order to sending to London, but 
 my Lord did not finish his, so we did not send to London 
 to-day. A great part of the afternoon at nine-pins with my 
 Lord and Mr. Hetley. I lost about 4^^. Supped with my 
 Lord, and after that to bed. At night I had a strange 
 dream of — myself, which I really did, and having kicked 
 my clothes off, I got cold, and found myself all much wet 
 in the morning, and had a great deal of pain . . . which 
 made me very melancholy. 
 
 29th. The King's birthday. Busy all the morning writ- 
 ing letters to London, among the rest one to Mr. Chetwind 
 to give me an account of the fees due to the Herald for the 
 Order of the Garter, which my Lord desires to know. After 
 dinner got all ready and sent away Mr. Cook to London 
 with a letter and token to my wife. After that abroad to 
 shore with my Lord (which he offered me of himself, say- 
 ing that I had a great deal of work to do this month, which 
 was very true). On shore we took horses, my Lord and 
 Mr. Edward, Mr. Hetly and I, and three or four servants, 
 and had a great deal of pleasure in riding. Among other 
 things my Lord showed me a house that cost a great deal 
 of money, and is built in so barren and inconvenient a place 
 that my Lord calls it the fool's house. At last we came 
 upon a very high cliff by the sea-side, and rode under it, 
 we having laid great wagers, I and Dr. Mathews, that it was 
 not so high as Paul's; my Lord and Mr. Hetly, that it 
 was. But we riding under it, my Lord made a pretty good 
 measure of it with two sticks, and found it to be not above 
 thirty-iive yards high, and Paul's is reckoned to be about 
 ninety.^ From thence toward the barge again, and in our 
 way found the people at Deal going to make a bonfire for 
 joy of the day, it being the King's birthday, and had some 
 guns which they did fire at my Lord's coming by. For 
 which I did give twenty shillings among them to drink. 
 While we were on the top of the cliffe, we saw and heard 
 
 1 The spire of St. Paul's (which was 208 feet high) was injured by 
 fire in 1561, and talcen down soon afterwards. The height of the 
 remaining tower was 285 feet. 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 155 
 
 our guns in the fleet go off for the same joy. And it being 
 a pretty fair day we could see above twenty miles into 
 France. Being returned on board, my Lord called for Mr. 
 Sheply's book of Paul's,^ by which we were confirmed in our 
 wager. After that to supper and then to musique, and so 
 to bed. The pain that I have got last night by cold is not 
 yet gone, but troubles me at the time of ... . This day, 
 it is thought, the King do enter the city of London.^ 
 
 30th. About eight o'clock in the morning the lieutenant 
 came to me to know whether I would eat a dish of mackerel, 
 newly catched, for my breakfast, which the Captain and 
 we did in the coach. All yesterday and to-day I had a 
 great deal of pain . . . and in my back, which made me 
 afeard. But it proved nothing but cold, which I took yes- 
 terday night. All this morning making up my accounts, in 
 which I counted that I had made myself now worth about 
 _^8o, at which my heart was glad, and blessed God. Many 
 Dover men come and dine with my Lord. My Lord at 
 ninepins in the afternoon. In the afternoon Mr. Sheply 
 told me how my Lord had put me down for 70 guilders 
 among the money which was given to my Lord's servants, 
 which my heart did much rejoice at. My Lord supped 
 alone in his chamber. Sir R. Stayner supped with us, and 
 among other things told us how some of his men did grum- 
 ble that no more of the Duke's money come to their share 
 and so would not receive any; whereupon he called up 
 those that had taken it, and gives them three shares apiece 
 more, which was very good, and made good sport among 
 the seamen. To bed. 
 
 31st. This day my Lord took physic, and came not out of 
 his chamber. All the morning making orders. After 
 dinner a great while below in the great cabin trying with 
 W. Howe some of Mr. Laws' songs,* particularly that of 
 
 1 Probably a book on St. Paul's in the possession of Mr. Shepley. 
 
 2 " Divers maidens, in behalf of themselves and others, presented a 
 petition to the Lord Mayor of London, wherein they pray his Lordship 
 to grant them leave and liberty to meet His Majesty on the day of his 
 passing through the city; and if their petition be granted, that they 
 will all be clad in white waistcoats and crimson petticoats, and other 
 ornaments of triumph and rejoicing." — Rugge's Diurnal, May, 1660. 
 — B. 
 
 ° Probably Henry Lawes, although nothing is known of this song. 
 
156 DIARY OF May 31-June 3 
 
 "What is a kiss," with which we had a great deal of pleas- 
 ure. After that to making of orders again. Captain 
 Sparling of the Assistance brought me a pair of silk stock- 
 ings of a light blue, which I was much pleased with. The 
 Captain and I to supper, and after that a most pleasant 
 walk till 10 at night with him upon the deck, it being a fine 
 evening. My pain was gone again that I had yesterday, 
 blessed be God. This day the month ends, I in very good 
 health, and all the world in a merry mood because of the 
 King's coming. This day I began to teach Mr. Edward,^ 
 who I find to have a very good foundation laid for his Latin 
 by Mr. Fuller. I expect every minute to hear how my 
 poor wife do. I find myself in all things well as to body 
 and mind, but troubled for the absence of my wife. 
 
 June I St. This morning Mr. Sheply disposed of the 
 money that the Duke of York did give my Lord's servants, 
 22 ducatoons^ came to my share, whereof he told me to 
 give Jaspar something because my Lord left him out. I 
 did give Mr. Sheply the fine pair of buckskin gloves that I 
 bought myself about five years ago. My Lord took physic 
 to-day, and so come not out all day. The Captain on shore 
 all day. After dinner Captain Jefferys and W. Howe, and 
 the Lieutenant and I to ninepins, where I lost about two 
 shillings and so fooled away all the afternoon. At night 
 Mr. Cooke comes from London with letters, leaving all 
 things there very gallant and joyful. And brought us word 
 that the Parliament had ordered the 29th of May, the King's 
 birthday,' to be for ever kept as a day of thanksgiving for 
 our redemption from tyranny, and the King's return to his 
 Government, he entering London that day. My wife was 
 in London when he came thither, and had been there a week 
 with Mr. Bowyer and his wife. My poor wife has not been 
 
 The late Dr. Hueffer wrote, " Mr. R. Lane Poole, of the musical 
 department of the British Museum, informs me that he has in vain 
 searched for it amongst the MS. and printed collections of the Museum." 
 — Hueffer's Italian and other Studies, 1883, p. 290. 
 
 1 Young Edward Montagu. 
 
 2 Foreign coins were in frequent use at this time. A Proclamation, 
 January 29th, 1660-61, declared certain foreign gold and silver coins 
 to be current at certain rates. The rate of the ducatoon was at 5^. <)d. 
 
 ' 12 Car. II. cap. 14, "An Act for a perpetual Anniversary Thanks- 
 giving on the nine-and-twentieth day of May." 
 
i66o. SAMUEL PEPYS. 157 
 
 well a week before, but thanks be to God is well again. She 
 would fain see me and be at her house again, but we must 
 be content. She writes word how the Joyces grow very rich 
 and very proud, but it is no matter, and that there was a 
 talk that I should be knighted by the King, which they 
 (the Joyces) laugh at; but I think myself happier in my 
 wife and estate than they are in theirs. To bed. The 
 Captain come on board, when I was going to bed, quite 
 fuddled; and himself the next morning told me so too, 
 that the Vice-Admiral, Rear-Admiral, and he had been 
 drinking all day. 
 
 2d. Being with my Lord in the morning about business 
 in his cabin, I took occasion to give him thanks for his 
 love to me in the share that he had given me of his Majes- 
 ty's money, and the Duke's. He told me he hoped to do 
 me a more lasting kindness, if all things stand as they are 
 now between him and the King, but, says he, "We must 
 have a little patience and we will rise together; in the mean 
 time I will do you all the good jobs I can." Which was 
 great content for me to hear from my Lord. All the morn- 
 ing with the Captain, computing how much the thirty ships 
 that come with the King from Scheveling their pay comes 
 to for a month (because the King promised to give them all 
 a month's pay), and it comes to ;^6,S38, and the Charles 
 particularly ;^777. I wish we had the money. All the 
 afternoon with two or three captains in the Captain's cabin, 
 drinking of white wine and sugar, and eating pickled 
 oysters, where Captain Sparling told us the best story that 
 ever I heard, about a gentleman that persuaded a country 
 fool to let him gut his oysters or else they would stink. At 
 night writing letters to London and Weymouth, for my Lord 
 being now to sit in the House of Peers he endeavours to get 
 Mr. Edward Montagu for Weymouth and Mr. George for 
 Dover. ^ Mr. Cooke late with me in my cabin while I 
 wrote to my wife, and drank a bottle of wine and so took 
 leave of me on his journey and I to bed. 
 
 3d. Waked in the morning by one who when I asked who 
 it was, he told me one from Bridewell, which proved Cap- 
 tain Holland. I rose presently to him. He is come to get 
 
 1 One only of these two was elected, for Bullen Reymes became 
 M.P. for Weymouth on June 22nd. 
 
158 DIARY OF June 3-6 
 
 an order for the setting out of his ship, and to renew his 
 commission. He tells me how every man goes to the 
 Lord Mayor to set down their names, as such as do accept 
 of his Majesty's pardon, and showed me a certificate under 
 the Lord Mayor's hand that he had done so. 
 
 At sermon in the morning; after dinner into my cabin, 
 to cast my accounts up, and find myself to be worth near 
 ;^ioo, for which I bless Almighty God, it being more than 
 I hoped for so soon, being I believe not clearly worth;^2S 
 when I came to sea besides my house and goods. Then 
 to set my papers in order, they being increased much upon 
 my hands through want of time to put them in order. The 
 ship's company all this while at sermon. After sermon my 
 Lord did give me instruction to write to London about 
 business, which done, after supper to bed. 
 
 4th. Waked in the morning at four o'clock to give some 
 money to Mr. Hetly, who was to go to London with the 
 letters that I wrote yesterday night. After he was gone I 
 went and lay down in my gown upon my bed again an hour 
 or two. At last waked by a messenger come for a Post War- 
 rant for Mr. Hetly and Mr. Creed, who stood to give so little 
 for their horses that the men would not let them have any 
 without a warrant, which I sent them. All the morning get- 
 ting Captain Holland's commission done, which I did, and 
 he at noon went away. I took my leave of him upon the 
 quarter-deck with a bottle of sack, my Lord being just set 
 down to dinner. Then he being gone I went to dinner and 
 after dinner to my cabin to write. This afternoon I showed 
 my Lord my accounts, which he passed, and so I think my- 
 self to be worth near ;^ioo now. In the evening I made an 
 order for Captain Sparling of the Assistance to go to Mid- 
 dleburgh, to fetch over some of the King's goods. I took 
 the opportunity to send all my Dutch money, 70 ducatoons 
 and 29 gold ducats to be changed, if he can, for English 
 money, which is the first venture that ever I made, and so I 
 have been since a little afeard of it. After supper some 
 music and so to bed. This morning the King's Proclama- 
 tion against drinking, swearing, and debauchery, was read 
 to our ships' companies in the fleet, and indeed it gives 
 great satisfaction to all.^ 
 
 1 The King's " Proclamation against vicious, debauched, and pro- 
 
mL^^s^---^^